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33 WEST MAIN STRICT

WiBSTRR.N.Y. MSSC

(716)872-4903

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WITH

SCENES AND INCIDENTS

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LOSS

THE STEAM SHIP "ATLANTIC,"

OF THE ^"^ WHITE STAR LIXE,'*

WITH

SCENES AND INCIDENTS

DURING AND AFTBR TBI WBBOK.

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TOKONTO:

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1873.

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LOSS

or THB

STEAM SHIP "ATLANTIC,"

OF THE " WMJTM 8TAR'' LINE,

■ w» ■

Whili many are still mourning the loss of friends, and as if it were
but yesterday we had the sad story of the Northfleetj there cornea
to us another of those dreadful marine disasters by which a helpless
crowd of human beings are swept away without warning into
eternity. Out of the three hundred women and children, not one
of the women, and only one child escaped the fate of their com-
panions—the majority of whom wqtq washed out of the steerage.
It is impossible to realize without a shudder, the picture of the
enormous waye which carried these unfortunates upon its crest,
past the vessel and out to sea. The weather was bad, the sea
rough, and the night dark. The rock on which the Atlantic struck
is clearly laid dOwn in the charts, and why her position was
mistaken, it appears difficult to tell. The coast is ii>n extremely
perilous one, and calls for the display of great vigilance and care.

While there are every year a large number of wrecks, scarcely
noticed except by owners, or passed by with brief mention by
the newspiipers, the record of great disasters at sea, which shock
tbe rettder Is long wad terrible. The history of the present

centnry alone is full of instances. A list of the principal ones will
be given further on. There were disasters enough, but the wreck
of the Mlantic is beyond them all for the extent of its fatality.

Description or tbb Atlantic.

• The Atlantic was launched at Belfast, Ireland, in 1871 ; was 420
feet long, 40 feet beam, and 23 feet depth of hold, and registered
3,723 tons. She was constructed of iron, and had four masts and
six water-tight bulkheads. She was fitted with eleven boilers and
four cyclinders on the compound principle. A certain magnificence
marked the adornments and upholstery of the Atlantic. The
saloon was 80 feet long, and extended entirely across for a width
of 40 feet. The lounges and fixed seats were upholstered in
crimson velvet. The pannels of the saloon were damask, white,
and pink ; and the pilasters, brackets, and cornices were of teak
nicked out with gold. The bed hangings of the staterooms and
sleeping berths, which were large and commodious, were of green
reps ; and the appointments were in all respects elegant and com-
plete. The Mlantic arrived in New York on h^er first outward
voyage from Liverpool in June 1871. She left on her first return
voyage on July the first, following. This was her nineteenth trip,
She was valued at $500,000.

The Captain's Si*atbment.

■;■'■■ ■ ■ . • ( t

" Sailed from Liverpool March 20th ; during the first part of the
passage had favourable weather and easterly winds; on the 24th,.
25th, and 26th, experienced heavy south-west and westerly gales,
which brought the ship down to one hundred and eighteen miles a
cU^., On the 3 1st of March, the engineer's report showed only 127.
tons of coal on board. We were then 460 miles east of Sandy Hook,
^ind S. W. and high w^et^rly sw^ii and ialUng barometer^ the shi^

steaming only eight knots per hour. Considered the risk too great
to push on, as we might find ourselves in the event of a gale shorty
out from any port of supply, and so decided to hear up for Halifaz,
atone p.m., on the 31st, Sambro Island north five degrees, east
distant 1 70 miles, ship's speed varying from eght knots an hour to
twelve ; wind south during the first part with rain ; veered to the
westward at eight p.m., with clear weather at midnight; judged
the ship to have made 122 miles, which would place her 48 miles
south of Sambro I then left the deck and went into the chart-room
leaving orders about the lookouts and to let me know if they saw
anything, and call me at three a.m., intending then to put the
ship's head off to the southwaid, and await daylight. My first inti-
mation of the catastrophe, was the striking of the ship on Mar's
Island, and remaining fast. The sea immediately swept away all
the port boats. The officers went to their stations, and commenced
clearing away the weather boats ; rockets were fired by the second
officer. Before the boats could be cleared, only ten minutes having
elapsed, the ship keeled heavily to port, rendering the starboard
boats useless. Seeing no help could be got from the boats, I got
the passengers into tlie rigging, and outside the rails, and encour-
aged them to go forward, where the ship was highest and less ex-
posed to the water. The third officer, Mr. Brady, and quarter-
masters Owens, and Speakman, having by this time established
communication with the out-iying rock, about forty yards distant,
by means of a line, got four other lines to the rock, along which,
about two hundred people passed. Between the rock, and the
shore, was a passage one hundred yards wide. A rope was suc-
cessfully passed across this, by which means about fifty got to the
land ; though many were drowned in the attempt. At five a.m.
the first boat appeared from the island, but she was too small to
he of any assistance. Through the exertions of Mr. Brady, third
oflcer, the islanders were aroused| and by six a.ia. three large

boats came to onr asuicitance. By their efforts, all Who remained
. on the side of the ship and on the rock were landed in safety, and
cared for by a poor fisherman named Clancy and his daughter.
During the day, the survivors, to the number of 420, were drafted
off to the various houses scattered about the village. The resi-
dent magistrate, Edmund Byan, Esq., rendered valuable assistance.
The chief officer having got up the mizzen rigging, the sea cut off
his retreat. He sto d for six hours by a woman who had been
placed in the riggin,i^. The sea was too high to attempt his
rescue. At three p m. a clergyman. Rev. Mr. Ancient, succeeded
in passing him a line, and getting him off. Many of the passen-
gers, saloon and steerage, died in the rigging from cold, amongst
the number the purser of the ship. Before the boats went out, I
placed two ladies in the life-boat, but finding the boat useless,
carried them to the main rigging, where I left them, and went aft,
to encourage others to go forward on the side of the ship^!'

Statement prom the " Chronicle."

The following is the « Chronicle's" report of the disaster : It

is our painful duty this morning to record the most terrible marine
disaster that has ever occurred on our coast, the loss of a great
ocean steannship, with about 750 lives. Yesterday afternoon, a
report became current that a steamer had been wrecked somcr
where on the coast, and one or two lives lost. The report was
regarded as one of the canards put afloat on AU-Fools-day, and
little regard was paid to it. Soon the report became more definite,
and the evening papers were able to state that the steamer
« MlantiCj" of the White Star Line, was ashore near Prospect,
and several lives had been lost. Even yet the public were inclined
to regard the story as a malicious hoax. A little later, however,
it becaia,^ kaowu that the report was weU foimded, a|id but ji

small part of the truth had been told ; the fact being, that the
Mtantic had been wrecked on Meagher's rock, near Prospect, 22
miles west of Halifax, and of about 1,000 souls on board, 750
were lost. Need we say the terrible announcement created a pro-
found feeliog of horror throughout the community. Having
ascertained that one man from the wrecked ship had arrived in
town, a reporter went in sea^ ch ; of him, and found him in an
eating house in Upper Water Street. He proved to be Mr. Brady ,
third officer of the Atlantic, Bruised and worn out, and almost
speechless, after the terrible events of the morning, he was, as
might be expected, in no condition to talk. Nevertheless, he
cheerfully consented to answer the reporter's questiors, and gave
such information as he could. The Atlantic^ Mr. Brady said,
left Liverpool on Thursday, March 20th, for New York ; touched at
Queenstown the next day, to receive mails ani passengers ; after
which she started on her voyage across the ocean. She had a full
cargo of general mer<;handize, and a very large number of passen-
gers. Mr. Brady could not give the precise number, but thought
there were more than 800 in the steerage, and about 50 in the
cabin. These, with the crew, would, make a total number of not
less than 1,000 souls. She was commanded by Captain James
Agnew Williams. Bough weather was experienced ; but nothing
worthy of note occurred until Monday, the 31st, when coal being
short. Captain Williams resolved to put into Halifax for a supply.
The Captain and lilr. Brady had the night watch up to midnight,
when they were relieved by the chief and fourth officers. At that
time they judged that the Sambro light then bore N.N,W. thirty-
nine miles. The sea was rough, and the night dark. The chief
*and fourth officers having taken charge, Mr. Brady went below,
and tutned into his berth. The Captain at the same time went
into bid room, to lie down. What occurre^ between midnight
and two o^clook. the time at whicii tike disaster occurred. Mr«

Bradf cannot telK, as he was sleeping. He was awakened hj
being thrown out of his berth by the shock, when the steamer
struck. She struck heavily three or four times. Mr Brady ran
up to the deck, and found it full of passengers. He found an axe,
and with it commenced to clear away the starboard life-boat. He
observed that the Captain and other officers were engaged in
clearing the other boats« Mr. Brady fiucOeeded in getting his
life-boat out, and a rush was made for the boat. This was the
only boat launched, and it had no sooner touched the Water than
a crowd made a rush to get into it. Mr. Brady had to use force
to prevent them crowding in He put two women in, and about
a do?;en men also got in. The steamer sunk just then, and in
doing so, fell over, and sank the boat, with its living freight. The
boat was carried down with the steamer, and all in it were drown-
ed. The hull of the steamer became almost totally submerged,
and only the bow and the masts remained above water. The
greater part of the passengers were in their rooms below at the
time, and were immediately drowned. Indeed, so soon after
striking did the vessel sink, that many of the passengers were, no
donbt sleeping peacefully, in entire ignorance of all that was
going on around them, and passed into eternity without a pro-
tracted struggle. Of those on deck, numbering several hundred,
many were washed oyerboard when the ship fell over, and their
cries for help, as they struggled in vain for life, were most heart-
rending Many, however, had taken refuge in the rigging and on
the bow, and were still living, but with the prospect of almost
certain death before them, for they knew not where they were,
and were In momentary expectation of the ship sinking further,
and engulfing them all, even as they were clinging in desperation
to the rigging, with the sea washing fhem continuously. Their
situation was most^ trying, i^nd every few minutes some of them,
benumbed by cold and exhausted from their struggleS| loosed their

hold/ and perished. Two steamers left here at one o'clock to-day,
for tie scene. Tbero will be nothing further till they return.

Statbmbnt of Mb. J. A. Fibth.

Mr. J. A. Firth, of the Mlanticj made a statement in substance
as follows : — " My watch ended at twelve o'clock on Monday night.
The second and fourth officers took charge, and I went to my berth,
I was aroused by the shock of the vessel striking. The second
officer came down to my room and said the ship was ashore, and he
was afraid she was gone. I put on a few articles of clothing, got
an axe, and went on deck to clear the boats. The ship had reeled
over before I reached the deck. ,1 cleared the two starboard boats }
just then a heavy sea swept our boats away. I was holding fast to
the mizzenmast rigging, and now climbed higher for safety. The
night wag dark, and the spray was so thick we could not see well
what was going on around us. I saw men on the rock, but did not
know how they got there. All who were alive on board were in the
rigging. When daylight came, I counted 32 persons in the mizzen-
mast rigging with me, including one woman^ When these saw that
there, wore lines between the ship and the shore many of them
attempted to go forward to the lines, and in doing so were washed
overboard and drowned. Many reached the shore by aid of the
lines, and the fisherman's boats rescued many more. At last all
had either been washed of or rescued except me, the woman, and
a boy. The sea had become so rough that the boats could not
venture near us. Soon the boy was washed off, but he swam gal-
lantly and reached one of the boats in safety. I got a firm hold of
the woman and secured her in the rigging. I could see the people
on shore, and hailed them, them, but they were unable to help us.
At two o'clock in the afternoon, after we had been in the rigging
ten hours, the I(ev. Mr. Ancient, Church of Ilngland clergym^,

whose noble conduct 1 can never forget while I live, got a crew of
four men to row him out to the wreck. He got into the main
rigging and procured a line, then advanced as far as he conld
towards me and threw it to me. I caught it, made it fast around
my bndy, and then jumped clear. A sea swept me off the wreck,
but Mr. Ancient held fast to the line, pulled me back, and got me
safely in ^he boat. I was then so exhausted and benumbed that I
was hardly able to do anything for myself, and but for the clergy-
man's gallant conduct I must have perished soon. The woman,
after bearing up with remarkable strength under her great trials,
had died two hours before Mr. Ancient arrived. Her half naked
body was still fast in the rigging, a terribly ghastly spectacle, ren-
dered more ghastly by the contrast; with the numerous jewels which
sparkled on her hands. We had to leave her body there. The
scene at the wreck was an awful one, such as I had never before
witnessed, and hope never to witness again. Comparatively few
bodies drifted ashore; most of them, with such aHicles as came out
of the ship while I was on her, were carried to sea."

Mb. FiiBEMAN D. Marewald's Account.

Ml'. Freeman D. Markwald, of New York, stiites : — " I turned into
my berth at nine o'clock on Monday night and was arorised by the
shock ot the ship striking. All the men in the cabin rushed on
deck to see what w; s wrong. I went into the saloon, on deck, and
observed by a cloc' that the time was 20 minutes past 3. Rocketd
were being fired. Within fifteen minutes from the time the ship
struck, she careened. The captain, with his oflicers, behaved
bravely. They cried out, < Take to the rigging ; it's your last
chance.' At daybreak, the fishermen's boats came out, and res-
cued a number of us, and landed us on Marr's Island. The hand-
ful of- people on the Island warmly welcomed us, gave us food

and dothing, and did all for us that they could. Edmund Byan,
a magistrate, Denis Kyan, and their wives, were especially active
in ministering to our wants. There were three boats' crews whose
names deserve a high place on the roll of honour. The first boat
was manned by Denis Ryan, James Coolen, Frank Ryan, John
Blackburn, and Ben Blackburn ; the second by James O'Brien,
Michael O'Brien, Patrick Dollard, William Lacey, and T.J.
Toorg. I regret that I have not the names of the other crew.
To these men chiefly belong the credit of having, at the risk of
their own lives, rescued from death over four hundred souls.
They, as well as several others of whose bravery I have heard,
shculd certainty receive some reward for their noble conduct. The
passengers coming up in the Delta were ringing high the praises
of the gallantry of the boats' crews already referred to, and of the
Rev. Mr. Ancient, who rescued the perishing chief officer, Brady,
and Quarter-masters Speakman and Owens, who first established
communication with the shore. The kindness of the Prospect
people was also universpUy acknowledged and praised."

TaiD ScENB Upon thb Bbach.

. When day dawned on Thursday morning, although the night
previous had been a storiny one, the waters of Prospect Harbour
were calm and smooth as glass. The numero,us inlets and surround-
ing fitraits which separated the rocky masses studding the coast
were thronged by fishermen's boats of every description. These
composed the wrecking fleet, each boat ot which was equipped
with srrappling-irons, drags and ropes, bent upon gathering their
sad harvest.

People, filled with curiosity, examined every rocky surface and
piece of the beach along the water line, in quest of bodies or
fragme^tl3 of the wreck. Over a granite mass, and on the ahorei

)

beyond a large block of stone, lay rows of poor creatures, stark,
staring, dead I Side by side were they — young and old, strong and
weak, boy and girl — still in death I In every posture too— over,
across, arm on each other, half recumbent, wholly so, on their
backs ^i^oe downward, and some upon their sides, head on arm as
if quie.,./ 3leei>ing. Many wer j lashed to pieces of spars ; others
clung to fragments of the debris, by means of which they had, in
their terrible struggle for life, hoped to ride safely on the surf-
crested rollers ashore. Sailors in flannel shirts and dreadnoughts,
lay beside little children in their night-dresses ; semi-nude mothers
near the latter told how " faithful even to death '' they had striven
to save their offspring ; while stalwart men, stiff, stark and cold,
slept upon the shore, beneath the pitying gaze of strangers, who
had come too late to help them. Faces were discolored and bruised
limbs broken in many, and yet there were those who seemed to
have glided from sleep to its eldest sister death. It was an awful
array of the tempest's victims.

Steam tugs and the Delta came down from Halifax, and took the
survivors to that city, where they were received and treated with
great kindness. The steamer Falmouth was afterward chartered,
and conveyed the survivors to Portland, whence they were taken
on a Pullman train to Boston, where they were entertained and
cared for in Faneuil Hall. On Saturday evening, many of them
left, by the Old Colony and Newport, for New York.

The investigation ordered by the Dominion Government was
begun on Saturday, in thu Custom House at Halifax, before the
Collector, E. M. McDonald. The Captain, chief officer, and others,
testified mainly in accordance with the foregoing statements. From
their sworn testimony it would appear that 13 saloon passengers
had been saved, 20 lost; 416 steerage passengers saved, 627 steer-
age and crew lost; totals, 429 sayed, 547 lost. John Hanley, a
boy who was pushed through a window by a man^ was the only
youth rescued, AU women and children perished. ,

QuARTEB-MASTBft Mr. PubDT FIRST TO GET ASBORB.

Wm. Purdy, Quarter-master :—" Was the first that attempted to
swim ashore. I swam on shore. I landed on the rocks. I
traversed from rock to rock, falling sometimes from sheer exhaus-
tion. I found the signal-post, a place where the ffshermen have
to look out and signalise to the boats, and I then called out for
help. Two old men and a boy came to our assistance, and I went
to the house with them and procured a line, and retraced my
steps to the beach, ,.-here I saw a lot of passengers and crew upon
the rock. Speakman, the Quarter-Master, swam towards me with
a line from tha rock, and I hove my linp and caught him, and
pulled ashore. As soon as I had dow so, we hauled in the line
which he had from the rock, and made fact to the end of my line,
so as to make it stronger. As soon as I got the line made fast, I
told those who were on the rock to come ashore one by one, as I
would. The first man saved in this way I do not know, but the
second one was Mr. Biady, the third officer. I saved in this man-
ner about 70, as near as I remember. In some instances, as the
line was some distance overhead, and the person too exhausted, I
had to reach down and pnll them up , some I had to go into the
water for, which wbp lat of my depth, by a line fastened around
my waist. In this manner the two old men would drag me and
the man I rescued ashore. I remained, there from 4 o'clock till 9,
when I fell down through exhai^stion. One of the stewards and
somebody else relieved me, and I was carried away to a house
where I was kindly cared for. The chief-steward, and another
man that threw his arms around the steward's neck when coming
ashore on the rope, were drowned at my feet. This statement is
corroborated by that of the Quarter-master.

Tot STBimoM ^^ Lady Headf" ^^ DeltHf^' and « Goliahy"

GO TO THB Wreck.

Early this morning, the Dominion Government steamer Lady

Jleadf Captain Watson ; the Cunard steamer Deltas Captain

Shaw ; and the steam-tug Goliahj Captain Jones, left the city

for the scene of the wreck of the White Star steamer Atlantic^

at Prospect, to render such assistance as they could. The Lady

Head had on board a number of Custom-house officials, and the

Velta^s party included several newspaper reporters. The stait

was made about three o'clock, so that the steamers might reach

the scene immediately after dayMght. As the morning broke, the

steamers approached Prospect, and those on board quickly learned

the whereabouts of the ill-fated Atlantic^ from the presence around

her of a large fleet of fishing schooners and small boats. The

locality is one that a mariner would be disposed to give a wide

berth to, if possible, the shore being a succession of large beds

of rock, with dangerous shoals running out for some distance,

while the bay is studded with innumerable islands, large and small,

all of solid rock, with scarcely a sign of vegetation or soil, or

anything that grows ; yet frowning and dangerous as the place

was, there was grandeur and beauty in the scene on this bright

morninsr, when the angry waves were beating against the rocks,

and enveloping^he shore almost continually in clouds of glittering

spray ; but the terrible story of the shipwreck absorbed too much

of the attention of those on board the relieving steamers to

allow them to spend many minutes in admiring the beauties of

nature. The business of the vessels was to get on board the

passengers and others who had been saved from the wreck and

put on shore.

\ :.

r.<r.

' "^ Inoidkitts op thb Wreck.

Statements are made that the crew of the ship Indulged in
plunder of the dead bodies. One instance is related where a
wretch mutilated the hand of a lady, to obtain possession of a
diamond ring on her finger. The bodies of her and Mrs. Fisher,
Vermont, and Miss Meritt, Chicago, were washed ashore yester-
day, and lay side by side among eighty others. Their bodies will
be forwarded home. A large number of coffins have been made
here, and sent down to the scene of the wreck, to inter the dead.
One woman passenger was confined only six hours before the
disaster. Several passengers with life-buoys, overturned, were
drowned before assistance could be rendered. Some who had
nfe-buoys on, and endeavoured to reac£ the rock by means of the
line from the vessel, not having them properly on, the lower part
of their bodies were floated up, with their heads down. In this
manner many of tL;:m were drowned before reaching the rock.
At one time during the weary watch before dawn, the fore-boom
broke loose from its fastenings, and, swinging around, instantly
crushed to death about twenty persons, who were gathered on the
house on deck. Among the passengers was one who had been in
the States for somcf time, and had proceeded a few trips before to
England, for the putpose of bringing his wife and family of five
children out to' the new home he had provided for them in the
new world. Father and all perished. Several of the passengers
landed from the Delta yesterday were considerably bruised about
the body and lower limbs, and one man had his. two legs broken ;
and others were so sore from being washed against the rocks that
they were sciLrcely able to btand. Three or four were sent to the
hospital last night. Two men reported saved, whose names were
unknown, have arrived here ; they are James Bateman, of Lon-
don, England, and Edward Mills, of Belfast, Ireland. Bateman
WHS the only one who succeeded in getting his wifo upon th9

Tigging, ivhere she died from exposure. Among the steerage
pa88engers who gained the duck were a young Englishman, with
his wife and child. Just after they had succeeded in getting into
the rigging, a wave snatched away the child. Immediately after-*
wards an order came from the captain for all who could do so to
get into the fore-rigging, because that part of the yessel was
higher and less exposed. The young woman sai(^ that she was too
much exhausted to attempt to movci but entreated her husband
to go and Eavo himself. Ho did so ; but Mr. Firth, the chief
officer, refused to leave her. He stood by her until she died and
dropped into the sea ; and then it became impossible for him to
shift to a place of greater safety. He was the last person taken
o£f. The survivors say it \i^s a fearful sight to witness the man-
ner in which many met their death. Uiiable to reach the deck
in consequence of the jam in the gangway, numbers rushed
through the port-hole, only to be seized by the waves and dashed
to death against the aides of the vessel. :^

Account of thb Pabsenoebs LiNDiMo at Halifax.

The Delta's passengers, in number 320, landed at the Ounard
wharf. They were mostly men, from 20 to 35 years of age.
Many were in a pitiable condition, without shoes, feet swollen
and bruised, clothes torn and drenched, some with bits of carpet
matting and blankets around them, and all fretted and sick fromi
exposure all night. On reaching the locality, it was found that a
considerable number more than at first named have been picked
up and saved. Some old and feeble persons had died, after being
rescued, from exhaustion and cold. All here have been comfort-
ably victualled and cared for. The divers are expected to be
successful in saving goods, if the weather continues favourable.
The chief officer, though a long time in a perilous po3itionj alo^e

17, ' '

on th« wreck, was at last sayed. He supported a lady wbo was on
ftie rigging with him until she died. Second officer Worthington,
the purser, and Christie tl ) chief steward, were loat. The cabin
passengers lost are as follows : — J. H. Price, Mr. Eruzer, Henry
g. Hewitt, Mr. Merritt and wife, Miss Merrittand Miss Seyrumzer,
all of New York ; Mr. Pavidson and daughter, Nevada ; N B.
Wellington, Boston ; Miss Brodie and Miss Burker, Chicago ; C. M.
Fisher and wife, Vermont ; and Albert Sumner, San Francisco.
The cabin passengers saved are : — F. D. Markwald, Brooklyn ; S.
W. Vick, Wilmington, N.C. ; J. Spencer Jones, New Ross ; Sir
Lewis Levison, London ; W. G. Gardner, Canterbury ; Charles
Allan, London ; Henry Herrd, Switzerland ; Nicholas Brandt and
Simon Cumacher, New York ; Adolph Jugla, New York ; Daniel
Einano, Springfield, Ohio ; James Brow, Manchester ; W. B.
Richmond, Detroit ; Dr. Cuppage, Surgeon ; and the first, third,
and fourth officers of the ship, and the captain.

■^. -y^ ■•* J

NUMBBB AND ClASSIFIOATIOK OF PaSSBNGBBS.

There were 700 steerage passengers in the ill-fated vessel. The
passengers and crew, as she sailed from Liverpool, were classified
as follows :— English, 198 men, 74 women, 28 male chileren,
121 female children; Scotch, 7 men, 14 women; Irish, 43 men,
18 women, 3 children ; other nationalities, 150 adult males, 32
women, 19 male children, and 18 female children.^ A large
number of emigrants embarked at Queenstown, making the total
number of souls upon the steamer, when she sailed from that
port, 952.

Captain Jambs A. Williams.

James A. Williams, Captain of the Atlantic at the time of the
disaster, has been familiar with salt water almost fpm the very
^our of his birth. His father is a native of Wales, and has served

many years in the mercantile marine. At present he occupies a
very impprtant position on the Williams St Gulon Line, a,\
Liverpool. ' '"'' \

James was born in that city, in 1838. During early life he
accompanied his father's vessels, giving great attention to the study
of navigation, and exhibiting the finest qualities of seamanship as
his experi nee increased.

When the Williams and Guion Line of Ocean Steamships was
started, in 1856, James was one of the first responsible officers
cbosen, and commanded in turn the Manhattan^ Wisconsin, and
Colorado. He remained with the company until 1871, when he
entered the service of the White Star Line as second officer of the
Republic.

It will be remembered that about a year ago this vessel was
caught in a terrific storm, while approaching this port. For many
hours it seemed impossible to save the ship. All hands put forth
strenuous exertions, Capt Williams being always at the front of
danger. In a sudden lurch the Republic shipped an enormous wave,
which tore away the lifeboats, and swept the deck of much of its
working material. «i*Att

Seeing the alarm of the crew. Captain Williams sprang from the
bridge, and, in the endeavour to save one of the boats, was thrown
violently to the deck, and sustained three fractures of his leg,
besides having his eyes nearly torn from their sockets. w

On the arrival of the Republic at New York, Capt. Williams was
taken to St. Luke's Hospital, where his injuries confined him several
months. Keporting for duty he was appointed first officer of the
Celtic, and shortly after Captain of the Atlantic^ and was making
the second return voyage when the ship was lost.

It is particularly indelicate to intjrease the sadness of the disaster
by allusions to Capt. Williams of an unpleasant personal character.
Very thorough inquiries have beeii m^e concerning him of hin

. 19

former employees and agsociates, and all agree that he is a skilful
navigator, a seaman of great experience, and a gentleman. If, as
it is alleged, he sought his state-room ^^t the moment of supreme
danger, it is but charitable to ascribe it to exhauntion, produced
upon his weakened system by the trying vigils observed from the
commencement of the storm. None of his employers have ever
had occasion to doubt that he was other than an earnest, brave and
reliable officer ; and his former associates regard the aspersions
cast upon him at this time as unusually cruel.

( .

f»

jl4 -^.1 (. ^^'.lUU''

PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE DOMINION COURT OF

ENQUIRY.

The enquiry ordered by the Dominion Government into the
Mlantic's disaster was begun at the Custom-House, on Satur-
day. The Collector, E. M. McDonald, presided. Captain Philli-
more, of H.M.S. Sphynx could not attend, as his ship was
about to sail for Bermuda. Captain McKenzie was chosen instead,
to assist the C- Hector. The Hon. 8. T. Shannon, Q.C., and Mr. H.
Blanchard, Q.C., appeared for the Government ; and Mr. J. W.
Uitchie, Q.C., for the Captain. The evidence, as published, is a
recapitulation of previous reports.

The Captain submitted his official report to the managing agent
of the White Star Line, Liverpool, and after being sworn, read it
before the Court, and was cross-examined fully. It gives as his
reason for bearing up for Halifax, that his coal and stores were
short, and in the event of a westerly gale, the ship would have
been cut off from supply. From the appearances and his observa-
tions, he judged it best to altor the ship's course at 1 p.m. on the
31st of March, being then 170 miles from Sambro, and at midnight
was 48 miles from the light. Corrected the course the last time
at 12.20) and then repeated caution and orders. The intention
was to run on till 3 a.m., and then heave to, and await daybreak.
Went into the chart-room, and at 2.40 told the servant not to
wake him before three, when the second officer would call him.
Soundings were taken. The ^^ourse was not shifted, nor the speed
slackened. Was not called, as ordered ; and was unaware of
anything until roused by the ship's striking. Had never been at
Halifax before : the second officer had been twice. The Captain's
evidence gives dates and figures in connection with the various

; .■•

details of nautical incidents, and the events inbseqnent to the
ship's striking. His evidence is generally confirmed by chief
officer Firth, which is chiefly a history of the proceedings already
reported.

The loss of second officer Metcalf, who was in charge, makes a
blank in the chain of evidence, not likely to be filled.

Cabin passengers Daulkin and J. Spencer Jones, Nicholas
Brandt, and C. Wallan, were examined, and then the chief officer,
after which the court adjourned till Monday. The chief officer
said : — « I cannot account for the disaster in no other way than
that there was a strong current setting north and west, which we
did not know of." He was the last man to leave the ship alive.
He could not swim, and was rescued, when nearly exhausted, by
the Kev. Mr. Ancient. Of the Captain, he says :— " I have had
twenty-seven years' experience at sea, with a great many masters,
and found Captain Williams all that could be expected of one in
his position."

The investigation was resumed, pursuant to adjournment, at 10
o'clock on Monday morning. The first witness called was Corne-
lius W. Brady, third officer, who testified as follows : — Was third
officer of the Mlantic ; my watch was from 8 to 12 o'clock that
night ; the captain and four officers were all conversant with the
ship's position. At 1 p.m. bore off for Halifax ; course N. 24 E.
by compass ; there was on that course nine easterly variations.
By solar observation, Sambro at noon bore N. 6 E., distant 170
miles. In the afternoon had variable weather, first S.E. with
rain, then shifted to S.W. ; cleared up ; and then to W.N.W., fine
with an occasional passage of cloud ; brilliant starlight. At mid-
night, at the request of the captain, made out by the log scale the
distance run since shifting our course at one o'clock to be 122
miles. This calculation is not alwaya strictly correct, but is
neariy so, and is corrected by our judgment, I did not look at

tl^e chart, but knew the position of the ship, and that it was dis-
tant from Sainbro 48 miles. We used a common log, and it was
hove every two hours. The speed of a steamer often varies con-
siderably from various causes — from currents, diflferent qualities
of coal used, etc. I did not know the number of revolutions that
the screw made ; but by looking over the side I could tell the
speed that she was making, within half a mile. The course was
shaped to counteract the westerly set of the current. I have been
at Halifax twice before, but never to stop er lay there, and am
not well acquainted with the coast. The captain's order, when he
went below, was to call him immediately if any change in the
weather occurred, that is, if it became hazy or thick. Both
leads, patent and common, were on the bridge, ready to be
thrown at any time. The captain did not give orders to heave
the lead. I gave the captain's orders to the fourth officer, and
immediately turned in. After being relieved, did not know any-
thing afterwards till the ship struck. My berth was in the after
end of the ship. My room was locked, and the fourth officer had
the key. I had no means of getting out. I ran on deck just as I
turned out of bed. I met the quartermaster Williams on the way.
He was afterwards drowned. I asked him what was the matter.
He answered, " My God, the ship has gone ashore.'- I ran at
once to No. 6 life-boat. The captain's boat was on the saloon
deck. My own boat had been stove during the previous heavy
weather on the passage. I got an axe, and succeeded in clearing
the boat. While in the act of launching the boat, the ship fell
over on her side. As near as I can judge, it was six or eight
minutes after she struck, that the ship reeled over. When I
found that she was going over, I scrambled over and succeeded
in getting into the mizen rigging. Finding that I was of no
rse there, 1 made my way forward, accompanied by quartermaster
Owens, the store-keeper. I heard rthe captain at the inain

*!;-

rigging', and called. I do not supposb lie heard me, in the con-
fusion. When I ^ot forward, I made out the rock in front of
the ship. I thought that if I could get to the rock, I could
save myself and others. Unrove the starboard foretopsail van-
ganal rope, and also the signal halyards. I took these on the
outside of the ship, and sent quartermaster Owens with them,
to try to reach the rock, but he failed, and we had to pull him
back to the ship. I then sent quartermaster Speakman. He
succeeded, and I immediately followed him. We hauled the
stout rope by means of the vang to the rock, which was about
twenty-flve yards, I suppose, from the ship. We hauled a num-
ber of men from the ship to the rock, but finding it getting
crowded, we then made the rope fast to the rock, and commu-
nicated with the island by the same me«^ns ; and in this way
saved a number of lives. On the island I met Clancey, and
asked him if I could communicate with Halifax. He told me
that there was no regular means of communication,^ and that I
would have to send a messenger on horseback. This I did^ and
walked back to the ship. Then boats came. I remained on the
rock, encouraging the people ; and thus saved a number of lives.'
Here the witness produced a diagram of the internal arrangements
of the ship, and showed that there was nothing to prevent the
steerage passengers from getting on deck. To my knowledge,
nothing was said or done to impede any of the passengers in
coming on deck : the statement that has been made that there
was, is absurd and incorrect. The steerage passengers were well
acquainted with all the ways of ingress and egress. From my
own positive knowledge, the passengers had every facility afforded
that was possible, under the circumstances, for reaching the deck *,
in fact, I met some of them going up when I was mak ng my
way to the deck. Am positive that no orders were given or carried
QUt to kee|> the passengers below. Witness here produced another

plftBi showing the position of |;h0 companion-way leading to the
deck, of which many passengers availed themselves, in going to
the deck. Daring the time that I was on watch, she may have
been going faster at times than at others ; but the speed was
pretty uniform. I do not recollect what the speed was before we
bore up ; but it was increased after that. I do not know what
the speed was when the vessel struck. The captain did all that
any man could possibly do to save life. I could distinctly see and
hear him from the rook exerting himself.

John Brown, fourth officer of the MlantiCj testified : — T joined the
ship at Liverpool on the previous voyage. The captain, about one
o'clock on Monday, directed me to alter the course to N, 24 E. for
Halifax. At the time we were running seven knots. The coal
was increased afterwards, and at four o'clock the speed was eleven
knots per hour. I then went below and remained till six, when I
again came on deck. The course and speed were the same. At
eight o'clock I again went below and remained till twelve. The
captain and first officer were on deck when I returned. The third
officer told me the distance to Sambro light was forty-eight miles*
Between one o'clock in the day and midnight the fhip ran 122
miles. At midnight she was running nine knots per hour. I have
the log. The wind was W. N. W. with little swell. The leads
were all on the bridge ready for sounding. We could have sounded
in an instant. Between half-past one and the time the ship struck
I was -on the saloon deck, about ten feet below the bridge. Two
quartermasters, one at the wheel, were on deck at^ the same time ;
the captain's boy came up with a cup of cocoa at three o'clock. I
told the boy not to call the captain till three o'clock, and after-
wards the second officer told him that he would call the captain.
The second mate was on the bridge. The night was cloudy, with
^ere and there a peeping star, and ^ot thick. Before I left the

is.

deck, I went to the weather side, and shading iny eyes with thf
hands, looked for the light ; but did not see it or anything except
'the open sea. It was about half an hour from the time I left the
deck till the Ship struck. Did not let the boy go to call the
captain, because I knew the ship had not run anything like her
distance, forty-eight tiiles. All the officers knew that we were
running in to make the shore. No one in my hearing told the
second officer that the distance had been run. One of the quarter-
masters asked me if he should go to the maiif-yard to look for land.
I told him It was too soon. I can only account for this decrease
of speed from eleven to nine knots, in that they made a clearing of
the bunkers below, or that the coal was of a poorer quality. One
of the quartermasters was on the starboard side. The second
officer was on the larboard side. I did not hear the roll of the sea
on the shore, probably because of the noise of the engines. I left
■ the wreck about nine o'clock on Tuesday, and have not been there
since. We must have been a good mile from Pennant Point whe!i
we ran in, but I neither saw the breakers nor heard the roll. Was
in the steerage at the time. I had not looked at the chart and did
not know the coast. I have been at sea ten years, and an officer
three years. To my knowledge nothing was done to prevent
passengers coming on deck. The captain did everything he could
to save life, and was much exhausted when he reached the shore*
None of the officers spoke of heaving leads or stopping the ship.

William HoqaiT) a steerage passenger^ examined by Mt. Shannoti,
testified : — '< I wetit to bed on the night of the disaster at nine o'clock,
and remained there till five bells-^half past two o'clock^ I went
to the upper deck, and fot a while walked up and down near the
engine roomi The night vroB extremely cold, but the weather was
better than it had been before. I heardihe watch call out three
o'clocki an4 then went below. Before I did so I looked out; i^

was partly for that reason I came on deck. I looked out on the
side I afterwards found to be nearest the land. The sea was light.
I neither saw no heard anything to indicate the close proximity of
land. Almost immediately after I laid down for the second timej
I heard a fearful crash. The windows instantly opened. I looked
out through a port-hole and saw the rock. My companion and
myself made our way to the second deck. I do not know how we
got up, because the concussion caused by the shock, had knocked
the companion ladder away. Some of the passengers below called
out, * the doors are closed,' but I think they had in their hurry
missed the place where the doors were. I found it very hard to
get out. I positively believe that a great many more would have
been saved had the means of exit been more ample. There is, I
think, only room for one to get out at a' time. I went to the side
of the vessel nearest the land, and reached the engine room by the
time the steam began to go off. I caught a rope. The ship turned
over gradually and then sank. All who had not a hold of a rope
or the rail went down instantly. I stopped on the ship till the
boats came and took me off. The officers and crew all acted as
good men would under the circumstances."

FOR THOSE AT SEA.

-:"-^\

*!•

tu-

■rhfff^;'

I'.f,

Eternal Father, strong to save,

Whose arm ha„a bound the restless wave ;

Who bid'st the mighty ocean deep

Its own appointed limits keep ;

hear us, when we cry to Thee,

For those in peril on the sea.

Christ 1 whose voice the waters heard, •
And hushed their raging at Thy word ;
Who walkedst on the foaming deep,
And calm amidst its rage did sleep ;

O hear us, when we cry to Thee,

For those in peril on the sea.

Most Holy Spirit, who didst brood
Upon the chaos, dark and rude.
And bid its angry tumult cease.
And give, for wild confusion, peace ;

hear us, when we cry to Thee,

For those in peril on the sea.

Trinity of love and power.
Our brethren shield in danger's hour :
From rock and tempest, fire and foe,
Protect them, whereso'er they go ;
Thus evermore shall rise to Thee
Glad hymns of praise, from land and se».

THE GREAT WBECKS OP THE NINETEENTH

CENTURY.

The dreadful shipwreck that has just occurred on the coast of
Koya Scotia, resulting in the loss of hundreds of lives, is not on
a parallel with any like disaster of this century. The following
list of great wrecks will be interesting at this time :~>

In February, 1805, the Abergavenny was lost on the Bill of Port-
land ; 300 perished.

In October, same year, the Ameas was lost off Newfoundland ;
340 perished.

December, 1805, the Aurora foundered on the Goodwin Sands ;
300 lives lost,

October, 1806, the Athenian lost near Tunis ; 347 perished,

February, 1807, the Ajax was burned off Teredos : 250 lost.

December, 1810, Minotaur lost on the Haak Bank ; 360 perished.

December, 1811, Saldanha lost on the Irish coast ; 300 perished.

December, 1812, the St. George, Defence, and Hero, lost on the
coast of Jutland ; 2,000 perished.

January, 1816, Seahorse lost near Tramore Bay ; 365 soldiers of
the 59th regiment perished.

August, 1831, Lady Sherbroke, lost near Cape Bay; 273 perished.

August, 1833, Amphitrite, filled with female convicts, lost on
Boulogne Sands ; all lost.

November, 1838, Protector; 178 perished.

March, 1841, the President, of New York, lost in a gale ; never
heard from.

December, 1847, the Avenger, lost on the Coast of Africa ; 200
perished,

April, 1867, the Ezmonth, looxmd for Quebec, lost, with 240
drowned.

March, 1850, Royal Adelaide, lost on the Tongue Sands, off
Margate ; over 400 perished.

February, 1852, the Birkenhead, troopship, lost on the coast of
South Africa ; 454 perished.

February, 1853, the Independence, lost on the coat of California,
140 persons drowned or burned to death.

September, 1853, the Annie Jane, lost west of Scotland ; 384
lives lost.

January, 1853, the T^ayleur, lost with 380 persons.

April, 1854, the Favourite, lost in a collision; 201 drowned.

May, 185 the Lady Nugent, lost in a )iurricane, with 400 persons.

September, 1854, the mail steamer Arctic, lost off Newfound-
land.

In the same year the City of Glasgow disappeared, with all on
board.

January, 1856, the Collins steamer Pacific disappeared with all
on board. Never since heard of.

August, 185Y, the Central America foundered at sea ; lost 450
persons.

(September, 1858, the Austria, burnt in mid-ocean ; 4*71 lives lost

April, 1859, the Pomona, wrecked on Blackwater Band, through
the master mistaking the light ; 400 lost.

October, 1859, the Boyad Charter, wrecked on Anglesea coast j
446 lives lost.

February, 1860, the Hungarian, wrecked off the coast of Nova
Scotia, with all on board ; 205 lost.

September, 1860, the Lady Elgin, lost on Lake Michigan, with
287 persons.

April, 1863, the Anglo-Saxon, wrecked on a reef off Cape BacO)
$(ewfoundl<Uid | About 237 out of 446 Uyes lost.

January, 1866, the London fonndered in the Bay of Biscay ; about
220 perished.

In February, 1871, the City of Boston disappeared and nerer
beared from.

February, 1873, the emigrant ship Northfleet, lost by collision,
with 300 lives.

April, 1873, the Atlantic, wrecked on the coast of Halifax; 646
out of 975 lives lost.

It will be seen from the foregoing, that the loss of life by the
Atlantic, at Halifax, is a calamity that has but few parallels in the
course of over seventy years,

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