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 DOMINION OF CANADA, 
 
 WITH PARTICULARS AS TO ITS 
 
 EXTENT, CLIMATE, AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES, 
 
 FISHERIES, MINES, 
 
 MANUFACTURING and other INDUSTRIES ; 
 
 ALSO, DETAILS OF 
 
 ; HOME AND FOREIGN COMMERCE; 
 
 INCLUDINC. 
 
 A SUMMARY OF THE CENSUS OF 1881. 
 
 i 
 
 By WM. J. PATTERSON. 
 
 MONTREAL : 
 PRINTED BY D. HENTLEY & CO., NOTRE DAME STREET. 
 
 1883. 
 
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THE 
 
 DOMINION OF CANADA, 
 
 WITH PARTICULARS AS TO ITS 
 
 EXTENT, CLIMATE, AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES, 
 
 FISHERIES, MINES, 
 
 MANUFACTURING and other INDUSTRIES ; 
 
 ALSO, DETAILS OF 
 
 HOME AND FOREIGN COMMERCE; 
 
 INCLUDING 
 
 A SUMMARY OF THE CENSUS OF 1881. 
 
 By WM. J. PATTERSON 
 
 MONTREAL : 
 PRINTED BY D. BENTLEY & CO., NOTRE DAME STREET, 
 
 1883. 
 
Hon. Sir S. Leonard Tilley, K.C.M G., 
 
 Minister of Finance, 
 
 Ottawa. 
 
 Sir, 
 
 Allow me the privilege of inscribing this publication 
 to you, as the Member of the Privy Council under whose cogni- 
 zance passes, in one way or another, most of the questions vital to 
 the prosperity of Canada. 
 
 I have made considerable use of the third volume of the 
 Census. "Whatever its defects or seeming incongruities may be, 
 it was, at any rate, considered that such a summary as is 
 herein presented for handy reference, might be useful to some 
 extent, as showing approximately how much the Dominion has 
 progressed during the decade. 
 
 The Notes on the Tables, and the Commercial Statements, 
 indicate how rapidly Canada has grown, and foreshadow its future 
 greatness. 
 
 The section on Climatology will amply repay careful exami- 
 nation. 
 
 I have the honor to be, 
 Sir, 
 Your obedient Servant, 
 
 Office Board of Trade, 
 
 Montreal, 2Uh July, 1883. 
 
 WM. J. PATTERSON, 
 
 Secretary. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 SUMMARY OP THE DOMINION CENSUS. 
 
 PAOR. 
 
 General Remarks 9 
 
 Tablk I. — A Summary Statement, by Provinces, of the Population of the 
 Dominion, with the ratios of increase. The aggregate amount of Capital 
 Invested, and Total Values of Products, are also shown 10 
 
 Table II. — Showing the increases of Males and Females during the decade ; 
 also, the numbers of Females to Males ; and the proportions of Occupied 
 and Unoccupied Lands to each person in the Dominion, by Provinces. ... 11 
 
 Tablb III. — Comparative Statement of the Population of Cities and Towns in 
 the Dominion having more than S,00i) inhabitants, showing increases and 
 decreases 12 
 
 Tabie IV. — A Summary showing various kinds of Immovable Property held, 
 
 the number of Ships and other Vessels owned, &u 13 
 
 Tablb V. — Summary Statement of the numbers of Owners and Occupiers of 
 Lands, and description of Land Owned and Occupied, — showing also the 
 acreage under Crops, Pasture &c 14 
 
 Tablb VI. — Statement showing the numbers of Working Animals and Farm 
 Stock, — the numbers of Slaughtered Animals, and quantities of other 
 Animal Products 15 
 
 Tablb VII. — Summary Statement, by Provinces, of the.Quantities yielded by 
 the several kinds of Grain, — and the acreage under Wheat, Potatoes, and 
 Hay, (the figures presumably relating to 1880.) 16 
 
 Table VIII. — Statement of Quantities of other Agricultural and Home-made 
 
 Articles, also the Value of Furs 17 
 
 Table IX. — Summary of Quantities of the various Products of the Forest, (the 
 
 figures presumably relating to 1880) 18 
 
 Tablb X. — This Statement embraces the number of Vessels, Boats, Men, and 
 Nets employed in the Fisheries of the Dominion, the catch of the various 
 ^kinds of Fish, the yield of Fish Oils, &c 19 
 
 Tablb XI. — Statement showing the Extent of the Mining Industries of the 
 Dominion, the Quantities of Raw Minerals produced, including Petroleum, 
 Salt, &c 20 
 
 Tablb XII. — Comparative Summary (1881 and 1871) showing Manufacturing 
 and Industrial Enterprises throughout the Dominion, Capital Invested, 
 Value of Productions, &c '. 21—24 
 
 Comparative Summary 24 
 
VI 
 
 Tabli XIII. — Comparative Rtatctnent, collat«;d from the Cennns of IRRi and 
 1871, ihowing the number of the various Manufacturing and Industrial 
 Establishments in Montreal and Huburbs, number of sex and persons 
 employed, amount of Wages paid per annum, Value of Raw Material used, 
 
 and Value ef Articles produced 26 — 28 
 
 NOTES TO THE FOREGOING STATEMENTS. 
 
 Capital, Area, Population ; Rapid increase of Immigration 29 
 
 Extent of Fertile Land in the North- West 30 
 
 Working Animals, Farm Stock, and Animal ProductH 31 
 
 Yield of the various Cereal Crops 32 
 
 Product of Cereal Crops in Ontario 33 
 
 Yields of Cereal Crops in the Canadian North-WeMt 34 
 
 Comparison of Yields of Cereals in Canada and the United States 34 
 
 Home-made and Farm Products 35 
 
 Products of the Forest 35 
 
 Productions of the Fisheries of Canada 36 
 
 Extent of Mining Industries 36 
 
 Details of Manufacturing Induutries, — Cotton Mills 37, 38 
 
 « «' Woollen Mills 39—41 
 
 CLIMATOLOGY OF CANADA. 
 
 A Current Fallacy 42 
 
 Temperature, Snow, and Rain-Fall '... 43 — 48 
 
 GENERAL SUMMARY OF CANADIAN COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY. 
 
 1. Items in the Postal Service of Canada 49 
 
 2. Chartered Banks, Ac 60 
 
 3. Inland communications by Railways and Canals 62 
 
 Railway Passenger and Freight Traffic 62 
 
 Canadian Canal System and Inland Navigation 63 
 
 Traffic on Canadian Canals 54 
 
 Traffic on the Upper Lakes 54—57 
 
 Linking ^be Provinces 68 
 
 4. The General Foreign Commerce of Canada , 58 
 
 Imports and Exports, analysid of 69 — 61 
 
 Statements relating to the Import Trade of Canada, by Countries, for 
 
 three years 62—64 
 
 Statement showing total exports of the Dominion during the past five 
 
 years 65 
 
 Statements showing total Import and Export Trade of the Dominion 
 
 for six years 66 
 
 Statement Showing Import, Export, and Aggregate Trade, also amounts 
 
 of Customs Duty collected, during fifteen years 67 
 
 5. The Canadian Sugar Trade 67 
 
 1878tol882 67 
 
 SugarRefining 68 
 
39 
 80 
 81 
 83 
 88 
 84 
 34 
 36 
 85 
 86 
 36 
 37, 38 
 39—41 
 
 42 
 43—48 
 
 vii 
 
 Beet-Root Sugar Making 68 
 
 The Coura» of tho Sugar Tradu 69 
 
 Kucapitulation for flacal year 1882 70 
 
 (i. Other Htaplo Qroceries, tic 71 
 
 MoIasHes, Cane Juice, Ac 71 
 
 Coflfee 71 
 
 Teas 72 
 
 Diatilled and Fermented Liquorn 72, 73 
 
 7. Coal Trade of the Dominion, '382 74 
 
 Quantities of Coal Imported and Exported 74—70 
 
 Consumption of Coal in Montreal 76 
 
 8. Tho Canadian Lumber Trade 77 
 
 Timber, Deals, Planks and Boards exported 77 
 
 Lumber Trade of the Ottawa Valley 78 
 
 Comparative Statement of the Supply, Export, and Stock of Lumber. . 80 
 
 9 The Trade in Breadstufls 81 
 
 Imports and Exports of Orain, Flour, and Meal 81 
 
 General Summary of the Canadian Wheat and Fiour Trade 82 
 
 10. Trade in Dairy Produce 83 
 
 11. The Cattle Export Trade 84 
 
 12. Periods of Canal Navigation 85 
 
 13. Direct Trade with Foreign Countries 86 
 
 49 
 50 
 52 
 52 
 53 
 54 
 54—57 
 58 
 58 
 59—61 
 
 -^-^^-^M^^-*- 
 
 62—64 
 65 
 66 
 
 67 
 67 
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A SUMMARY 
 
 op TirK 
 
 DOMINION CENSUS, 1881 
 
 GENERAL REMARKS. 
 
 In a work like that of the Cen.sus Volume, laid before Parliament at the 
 
 recent session, it would be a wonder if there were no inaccuracies. Where there 
 
 is such a multiplicity of figures, relating to an almost endless variety of detail on 
 
 every subject of interest to the public, — collected often, it may be. by persons who 
 
 have no adequate appreciation of the necessity for j)ainstaking accuracy, — it need 
 
 not be surprising that, in the volume referred to, the staff of collaters and sum- 
 
 raarizers has not infrequently failed to present faultless results. The preface says : — 
 
 '• It may be well to mention, that in nnraerous cases where custom worit is taken in 
 and the raw material furnished by the customer, such as Carding Mills, Grist Mills, 
 Tailors' Work, Dressmoking, &c., much difficulty was experienced in obtaining the value 
 of raw material worked up. Although many of these establishments are small, the 
 aggregate value of the raw material used and the products would have been considerably 
 augmented, had the information been more readily obtainable. Where sufficient data 
 existed, estimates were made. It should also be stated, that in a few cases owners of 
 large establishments refused to supply the information asked for." 
 
 The Secretary has had some experience of what is complained about in the last 
 sentence of this extract ; and he duly appreciates how easy it is to be censorious, — 
 but is disposed to take the volume for 1881, and its congener for 1871, with their 
 many faults, and to endeavor to utilize the good that can be extracted from 
 them. Of course, blame for erroneous or misleading information should lie on other 
 shoulders. Waiving animadversion, therefore, his present purpo.se is simply to notice 
 what may fairly be considered to be approximates as to the advancement of the 
 Dominion in course of a decade, taking the statements as he find- them. With 
 that end in view, a good deal of care has been bestowed in re-forming the summaries 
 of the different classes of information ; and it is hoped that, in the main, the 
 series of Tabular Statements on the following pages, may be found tolerably 
 serviceable. 
 
 Some contrasts and additional information are given in the Notes that 
 follow these Tables, which will assist the reader to estimate the progress still 
 being made in some directions. The comparisons between 1881 and 1871 for 
 the whole Dominion are necessarily defective, — confined as they are to statements 
 relating to the older Provinces. 
 
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 10 
 
 TABLE I. — A Summary Statement, by Provinces, of the Population of the 
 Duiiirnion, with the ratios a/ increase. The aggregate amouat of Capital 
 Invested, and Total Values 0/ Products, are also shown. 
 
 
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 Summary of Popclation. 
 Prince Edward Island 
 
 1871. 
 
 1881. 
 
 Increase. 
 
 Rate per 
 cent. 
 
 .s 
 
 94,021 
 
 387,800 
 
 285,594 
 
 1,191,510 
 
 1,020,851 
 
 108,891 
 
 440,572 
 
 321.233 
 
 1.359,027 
 
 1,923,228 
 
 s 
 
 14.87(1 
 
 52.772 
 
 :!5.039 
 
 107.511 
 
 302,377 
 
 1 5-8 
 
 Nova Scotia 
 
 130 
 
 New Brunswick 
 
 Quebec 
 
 12-4 
 14-6 
 
 Ontario 
 
 18'G 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 3,579,782 
 
 4,152,951 
 
 573.109 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 Manitoba 
 
 18,995 
 30,247 
 
 05,954 
 49,459 
 50,440 
 
 40.900 
 13,212 
 
 2470 
 
 Britinh Columbia 
 
 30-3 
 
 TJie Territories 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 55,242 
 
 171,859 
 
 00.172 
 
 
 
 
 
 Grand total for the Dominion. . . 
 
 3,035,024 
 
 4,324,810 
 
 033.341 1 18-98 
 
 Summary of Capital Invested. 
 Prince Edward Island 
 
 
 2,085,770 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Nova Scotia 
 
 0.041.900 
 
 5.970,170 
 
 28.071.608 
 
 37,874,010 
 
 10.1^3,000 
 
 8,425,282 
 
 59,210,992 
 
 80,950,847 
 
 4,141,094 
 
 2,449,100 
 
 31.145.124 
 
 43,070,837 
 
 08-5 
 
 New Brunswick 
 
 40-9 
 
 Quebec 
 
 1 10-9 
 
 Ontario 
 
 113-7 
 
 Total 
 
 77,904,020 
 
 158,770,181 
 
 80,812,101 
 
 103-0 
 
 Manitoba 
 
 
 1,383,331 
 
 2,952,835 
 
 104^500 
 
 
 
 BritiKh Columbia 
 
 
 
 The Territories , 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 4,440,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Grand Total for tlie Dominion . . 
 
 
 105,302,023 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Summary of Values of Products. 
 Prince lidward Island 
 
 
 3,400,208 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Nova Scotia 
 
 New Brunswick 
 
 12,338,105 
 
 14,307.087 
 
 77,20,5,182 
 
 114,700,799 
 
 18,575,320 
 
 18,512.058 
 
 104,002,258 
 
 157,989,870 
 
 0,237.221 
 
 1.144,971 
 
 27,457,070 
 
 43,283,071 
 
 50-5 
 0-5 
 
 Ouoboc 
 
 35-5 
 
 Ontario 
 
 37-7 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 221,017,773 
 
 299,740,112 
 
 78,122,339 
 
 35.') 
 
 
 
 Manitoba 
 
 
 3,413.020 
 
 2,920,784 
 
 195,938 
 
 
 
 British Columbia .... 
 
 
 
 
 The Territories 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 0,535,748 
 
 1 
 
 
 
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 Grand Total for the Dominion ., 
 
 
 309,070,008 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 12 
 
 TABLE III. — Comparative Statement of the Population of Cities and Towvs 
 in the Dominion having more than 5000 inhabitants, showing increases 
 and decreases. 
 
 NoTK.— In 1.S71 tlicro were in CanaiU, 00 cities and towns of 5,000 inhabitants anil over, with a total 
 |)opiilaUoii of 4H0,043. In 1881 the number of such cities and towns had increased to 37, having a total 
 population of 6«(),()40. 
 
 NAMES. 
 
 Montreal 
 
 Toronto 
 
 Quebec 
 
 Halifax 
 
 Hamilton 
 
 Ottawa 
 
 St. John 
 
 London 
 
 Portland 
 
 Kingston 
 
 Gharlottetown 
 
 Giielph 
 
 St. Catherines 
 
 Brantford 
 
 Belleville 
 
 Trois-Rivers 
 
 St. Thomas 
 
 Stratford 
 
 Winnipeg 
 
 Chatham 
 
 Brockville 
 
 Levis 
 
 Sherbrooke 
 
 Hull 
 
 Peterborough 
 
 Windsor 
 
 St. Henri 
 
 Fredericton , 
 
 Victoria 
 
 St. Jean Baptistc (village) 
 
 Sorel 
 
 Port Hope , 
 
 Woodstock , 
 
 St. Hyacinthe 
 
 Gait 
 
 Lindsay 
 
 Moncton , 
 
 PROVINCES. 
 
 Quebec 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Quebec 
 
 Nova Scotia 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Ontario 
 
 New Brunswick .... 
 
 Ontario 
 
 New Brunswick 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Prince Ed'svard Lsland 
 Ontario 
 
 Totals 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Quebec , . . . 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Manitoba 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Quebec 
 
 Quebec 
 
 Quebec 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Quebec 
 
 New Brunswick . 
 British Columbia. 
 Quebec 
 
 PorriiATioN. 
 
 Quebec 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Quebec 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Ontario 
 
 New Brunswick 
 
 1871. 
 
 107,225 
 
 56,092 
 
 59,600 
 
 20,582 
 
 26,716 
 
 21,545 
 
 28.805 
 
 15.826 
 
 12.520 
 
 12,407 
 
 8,807 
 
 6,878 
 
 7,864 
 
 8,107 
 
 7,305 
 
 7,570 
 
 2,197 
 
 4.313 
 
 241 
 
 5.873 
 
 5,102 
 
 6,691 
 
 4,432 
 
 I • • • « 
 
 4,611 
 4,253 
 
 • • • • 
 
 6,006 
 3,270 
 4,408 
 5,636 
 5,114 
 3,982 
 3,746 
 3,827 
 4,049 
 
 T • • • • 
 
 t 
 
 494.699 
 
 1881. 
 
 140,747 
 
 86,41 5 
 
 62.446 
 
 36,100 
 
 35,961 
 
 27.412 
 
 26,127 
 
 19,746 
 
 15,226 
 
 14,091 
 
 11,485 
 
 9,890 
 
 9,631 
 
 9,616 
 
 9,516 
 
 8,670 
 
 8,367 
 
 8,239 
 
 7,985 
 
 7,873 
 
 7,609 
 
 7,597 
 
 7,227 
 
 6,890 
 
 6,812 
 
 6,561 
 
 6,415 
 
 6,218 
 
 5,925 
 
 5,874 
 
 .5.791 
 
 5,585 
 
 5,373 
 
 .5,321 
 
 5,187 
 
 5,080 
 
 5,032 
 
 Numerical 
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 or 
 decrease. 
 
 641,703 
 
 33,522 
 30.323 
 2.747 
 6.518 
 9.245 
 5.867 
 • 2.678 
 3,920 
 2,706 
 l',684 
 2,678 
 3,012 
 1,767 
 1,509 
 2,211 
 1,100 
 6,170 
 3,926 
 7,744 
 2,000 
 2,.507 
 906 
 2,795 
 
 • • • • 
 
 2,201 
 2,308 
 
 212 
 2,655 
 1,466 
 155 
 471 
 1,391 
 1,575 
 1,360 
 1,031 
 
 147,004 
 
 Percent- 
 age. 
 
 31.21 
 54.05 
 4.60 
 22.03 
 34.60 
 27.23 
 
 ♦ 9.29 
 24.76 
 21,61 
 13.57 
 30.40 
 43.79 
 22.46 
 18.61 
 30.26 
 14.53 
 280.83 
 91.02 
 
 3213.27 
 34.05 
 49.13 
 13.54 
 63.06 
 
 * • • • 
 
 47.73 
 54.26 
 
 • • • • 
 
 3.49 
 81.19 
 33.25 
 2.75 
 9.21 
 34.93 
 42.04 
 35.53 
 25.46 
 
 29.71 
 
 ■ II 
 
 * The indicated decrease of the population of the city of St. .lohn is attributable to the great fire which 
 occurred in the year 1877, when half of the city was laid in a-shes. (ireat numbers were thereby driven into 
 the surrounding districts, and manv wliose business and social ties were thus severed, did iiot return to 
 the City. 
 
 t The limits of the city of Hull and the towns of St. Henri and Moncton not having been defined in 
 1871, no comparison can bo made. Leaving out the al)ovc city and towns, the total increase and rate per 
 cent, are as represented in the table. 
 
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21 
 
 TABLE XII. — Comparative Summary (1881 and 1871) showing Manu- 
 facturing and Induttrial Enterprigea throughout the Dominion, Cajntal 
 Invested, Value of Productions, (fee. 
 
 INDUSTUIFX 
 
 1881. 
 
 Aerated water making. 
 Agriciiltuial implt-m'ts. 
 BakerieR of all HortH.. . . 
 Baking Powdor making 
 B'nk n'te tngrav'g t-Ktab 
 Bark extract works. . . . 
 
 Basket making 
 
 Bell foundrieH 
 
 Belt and hose factories, 
 Billiard table making. 
 Blacking manufactor' < 
 
 BlackBmithing 
 
 Boat building 
 
 Boiler making 
 
 Bone cruKhing mills. . . 
 
 Book binding 
 
 Boots and shoes 
 
 Breweries 
 
 Brick and tile making.. 
 Broom & brush making. 
 
 Butter factories 
 
 Button factories 
 
 Cabinet and furniture. . 
 Car & locomotive works 
 Carding k fulling mills. 
 Cardboard m'nufactories 
 Carpenters & joiners. , . 
 
 Carpet making 
 
 Carriage making 
 
 Carving and gilding.. . 
 
 Cement mills 
 
 Charcoal burning 
 
 Cheese factories 
 
 Chemical establishm'te. 
 
 Chicory kiln 
 
 Chocolate factory 
 
 Church decorations.... 
 
 Cider making 
 
 Coffee and spice mills. . 
 
 Cooperages 
 
 Cordial & syrup making 
 
 Cork cutting 
 
 Corset factories 
 
 Cotton factories 
 
 Cutlery 
 
 Dentistry 
 
 Distilleries 
 
 Dressmak'g & millinery 
 Dyeing and scouring. 
 
 Capital 
 
 Ill\UMtU(l. 
 
 Nuiiih«r 
 nf Iliiiuls 
 Kiii|)loyeil, 
 
 ;U8,785 
 :',.!I9.'>,782 
 2,r>0'Jfi2] 
 
 r)3,ioo 
 
 200,000 
 
 it;2,ooo 
 
 88,(;12 
 1 .5,000 
 4!t,82r) 
 22,500 
 :52,900 
 
 3,o.')(J,<),'):h 
 
 104,011 
 
 i;'.2,700 
 
 2,800 
 
 <i36,624 
 
 G,4!) 1,042 
 
 4,.'")!t2,9!lO 
 
 ;i4o,72n 
 
 !)7,027 
 
 117.800 
 
 3,943,419 
 
 1,6:?0,598 
 
 580,417 
 
 44,000 
 
 1,242,53] 
 
 3,992 
 
 3,798,861 
 
 219,907 
 
 57,400 
 
 55,843 
 
 1,021,435 
 
 522,800 
 
 300 
 
 10,000 
 
 43,700 
 
 72,821 
 
 339,250 
 
 759,311 
 
 34,800 
 
 54,600 
 
 38,200 
 
 3,476,500 
 
 86,000 
 
 6,000 
 
 1,303,000 
 
 1,601,239 
 
 82,558 
 
 Total 
 
 Annual Vnliiu 
 
 of I'rodiu'tH. 
 
 401 
 
 3,650 
 
 3,963 
 
 116 
 
 94 
 
 140 
 
 22 
 
 13 
 
 32 
 
 20 
 
 23 
 
 12,451 
 
 421 
 
 330 
 
 6 
 
 1.036 
 
 18,949 
 
 1,411 
 
 4,129 
 
 957 
 
 151 
 
 470 
 
 5,857 
 
 3,154 
 
 901 
 
 16 
 
 5,702 
 
 15 
 
 8,713 
 
 418 
 
 128 
 
 83 
 
 2,003 
 
 223 
 
 2 
 
 12 
 
 48 
 
 270 
 
 145 
 
 3,277 
 
 39 
 
 31 
 
 320 
 
 3,527 
 
 67 
 
 10 
 
 285 
 
 7,838 
 
 164 
 
 435,183 
 
 4,40.5,39 
 
 9,476,975 
 
 129,100 
 
 100,000 
 
 286,250 
 
 5.5,651 
 
 18,000 
 
 126,961 
 
 44,827 
 
 26,00<l 
 
 7,172,469 
 
 173,837 
 
 324,253 
 
 5,. 500 
 
 1,445,708 
 
 17,895,903 
 
 4,768,447 
 
 1,541,892 
 
 762,884 
 
 341,478 
 
 173,630 
 
 5,471,742 
 
 3,9.56,361 
 
 1 ,498,343 
 
 30,000 
 
 3,893,910 
 
 10,690 
 
 6,579,082 
 
 516,675 
 
 91,6.58 
 
 70,030 
 
 5,464,454 
 
 534,600 
 
 350 
 
 27,000 
 
 160,300 
 
 131,450 
 
 728,600 
 
 1,808,929 
 
 112,070 
 
 73,100 
 
 229,000 
 
 3,7.59,412 
 
 100,000 
 
 9,750 
 
 1,790,800 
 
 4,926,871 
 
 118,516 
 
 1871. 
 
 Capital 
 Invested. 
 
 .41 
 
 116,315 
 
 1,104,308 
 
 1,054,531 
 
 3,430 
 
 100,000 
 
 210,000 
 
 17,250 
 
 27,200 
 
 24,000 
 
 8,000 
 
 25 400 
 
 1,720.638 
 
 31,298 
 
 52,500 
 
 11,800 
 
 180,700 
 
 3,26(!,63:i 
 
 1,666,140 
 
 435,915 
 
 144,897 
 
 Vumlior 
 of llnii'lH 
 Kmpiovo'l, 
 
 9,000 
 2,050,175 
 
 762,962 
 
 779,667 
 
 1 859,609 
 
 92,580 
 
 56,000 
 
 4 363 
 
 400,754 
 
 465.900 
 
 17,139 
 
 460,514 
 
 153,019 
 
 83,800 
 
 632,000 
 2,100 
 
 737,200 
 
 504,868 
 
 37,850 
 
 2,646 
 
 2,664 
 
 8 
 
 82 
 
 i:!!) 
 
 182 
 
 2:i 
 
 25 
 
 6 
 
 38 
 
 10 213 
 
 297 
 
 2.58 
 
 11 
 
 592 
 
 18,719 
 
 !tlS 
 
 3,073 
 
 542 
 
 34 
 4,366 
 
 « • • • 
 
 1,224 
 
 6,408 
 
 7,798 
 
 180 
 
 66 
 
 86 
 
 998 
 
 202 
 
 108 
 
 3 442 
 165 
 
 Total 
 
 Aiiriuiii N'liliio 
 
 f rii)(iints. 
 
 31 
 
 745 
 11 
 
 • • • • 
 
 467 
 
 3,877 
 
 106 
 
 225,677 
 
 2,6H5,393 
 
 6,942,469 
 
 11,500 
 
 60,000 
 
 352,1.50 
 
 82,032 
 
 28,000 
 
 105,000 
 
 16,000 
 
 47,065 
 
 5,:!64,411 
 
 95,576 
 
 363,1.50 
 
 11,205 
 
 512,211 
 
 I6,i:!;i,(;:i8 
 
 2,141,22;. 
 925,235 
 528,665 
 
 11,500 
 3,5ao,!(78 
 
 2,253,794 
 3,T26,,i45 
 
 4,849,234 
 
 213,780 
 
 61 300 
 
 1.5,812 
 
 1,601,738 
 
 810,250 
 
 42,606 
 
 1,772,663 
 
 580,328 
 
 51,260 
 
 • • • • « • 
 
 781,800 
 11,520 
 
 4,092,537 
 
 2,585,679 
 
 124,871 
 
22 
 
 TABLE XIL— Continued. 
 
 INDUSTRIES. 
 
 i 
 
 'ii 
 
 Edge tool making. . . , 
 
 Engine building. ..... 
 
 Engraving & litho'phing 
 
 Fire-proof safe making . 
 
 Fishing tackle making. 
 
 Fittings & foundry work- 
 ing in brass, iron, lead, 
 &c 
 
 Flag making 
 
 Floor oil cloth making. 
 
 Flour and grist mills.. . 
 
 Foundries and machine 
 working 
 
 Furriers and hatters. 
 
 Gas works , ... 
 
 Glass works 
 
 Glove and mitt making 
 
 Gluu making 
 
 Gold and silversmith'g. 
 
 Gold leaf factory 
 
 Grindstone works 
 
 Gunsmithing 
 
 Gunpowder mills 
 
 Gypsum mills 
 
 Hosiery manufactories.. 
 
 India rubber factories. . 
 
 Indian manufactures. . . 
 
 Ink factories 
 
 Iron smelting furn. and 
 steel making 
 
 Jewellers & watchm'k'rs 
 
 Lamp & chand'er mak'g 
 
 Last factories 
 
 Lime kilns 
 
 Linseed oil factory 
 
 Lock making 
 
 Match factories .... .... 
 
 Mathematical Instru- 
 ment making 
 
 Mattress making 
 
 Meat curing 
 
 Miscellaneous wares... 
 
 Morocco manufactory. . 
 
 Musical ins'ment mak'g 
 
 Nail and tack factories. 
 
 Native wine ma! ing. .. 
 
 Nut and bolt works. . . . 
 
 Oil cloth'g establishm'ts 
 
 Oil refineries 
 
 Opium factory 
 
 Pail & tub factories.... 
 
 1881. 
 
 Capital 
 Invested. 
 
 .569,43.5 
 
 9no,:!00 
 
 4!'2,050 
 
 103,000 
 
 5,000 
 
 1,797,807 
 
 •too 
 
 10") ,000 
 i;!,8,-)7,923 
 
 7,675.911 
 
 5,M8,490 
 
 307,000 
 
 133,580 
 
 1(59,200 
 
 174,580 
 
 4,000 
 
 70,700 
 
 58,650 
 
 131,000 
 
 141,150 
 
 630,821 
 
 851,500 
 
 29,585 
 
 900 
 
 2,172,100 
 
 490,030 
 
 61,000 
 
 52,700 
 
 309,354 
 
 25,000 
 
 57,(500 
 
 564,847 
 
 27,500 
 
 29,850 
 
 1,449,677 
 
 959,781 
 
 400 
 
 669,379 
 
 1,245,500 
 
 86,800 
 
 166.497 
 
 3^305 
 
 1,812,700 
 
 51, .500 
 
 236,025 
 
 Number 
 of Hiitids 
 Employed, 
 
 54(5 
 
 1,001 
 
 474 
 
 124 
 
 
 
 2,194 
 
 3 
 
 20 
 
 6,472 
 
 7,789 
 
 2,350 
 
 512 
 
 642 
 
 532 
 
 83 
 
 153 
 
 17 
 
 204 
 
 59 
 
 87 
 
 89 
 
 1,5.56 
 
 525 
 
 1544 
 
 2 
 
 974 
 
 778 
 
 78 
 
 118 
 
 2,537 
 
 20 
 
 175 
 
 1,062 
 
 22 
 
 59 
 
 852 
 
 1,839 
 
 2 
 
 941 
 
 951 
 
 36 
 
 153 
 
 47 
 
 490 
 
 3 
 
 150 
 
 Total 
 Annual Value 
 of Products. 
 
 8 
 
 657,364 
 
 1,338,000 
 
 496,718 
 
 126,000 
 
 7,050 
 
 2,684,131 
 
 900 
 
 10,5,000 
 
 41,772,372 
 
 8,863,957 
 
 3,352,961 
 
 1,173,181 
 
 569,000 
 
 434 864 
 
 164.097 
 
 235^822 
 
 25,000 
 
 50,737 
 
 55,555 
 
 254,200 
 
 57,375 
 
 1,385,730 
 
 771,00(1 
 
 86,871 
 
 2,150 
 
 1,197,514 
 
 914,769 
 
 64,000 
 
 77,900 
 
 707,132 
 
 55,000 
 
 138,800 
 
 511,250 
 
 21,000 
 
 57,074 
 
 4,084,133 
 
 1,690,148 
 
 1,000 
 
 1,220,195 
 
 1,689.450 
 
 59^020 
 
 225,800 
 
 9,490 
 
 4,049,685 
 
 79,000 
 
 120,935 
 
 1871. 
 
 Capital 
 Invested. 
 
 177,915 
 
 709,900 
 
 117,920 
 
 52,800 
 
 180 
 
 457,412 
 
 30,000 
 9,929,898 
 
 3,700,505 
 
 1,159,038 
 
 2,480,045 
 
 13(5,120 
 
 Number 
 of Hands 
 Employed. 
 
 27,300 
 31,080 
 
 58,509 
 
 33,200 
 
 94,000 
 
 104,250 
 
 52,525 
 
 454,000 
 
 7,095 
 
 400 
 
 492,000 
 204,512 
 
 33,250 
 
 128,508 
 
 20,800 
 
 100,015 
 
 8,000 
 
 8,400 
 
 419,325 
 
 322,954 
 
 201,050 
 382,050 
 
 2,780 
 624,940 
 
 73,580 
 
 370 
 
 1,007 
 
 12 
 
 118 
 
 2 
 
 991 
 
 ■ • • • 
 
 10 
 4,992 
 
 7,053 
 
 1,801 
 
 299 
 
 318 
 
 .1( 
 52 
 
 328 
 
 43 
 
 22 
 
 278 
 
 245 
 
 494 
 
 534 
 
 1 
 
 024 
 403 
 
 • • • • 
 
 82 
 
 2,042 
 
 30 
 
 1.127 
 
 14 
 
 21 
 
 841 
 
 1,041 
 
 498 
 590 
 
 ■ • • • 
 
 48 
 494 
 
 • * • • 
 
 114 
 
 Total 
 
 Anuual Value 
 
 of Products. 
 
 418,775 
 
 1,044,525 
 
 135,900 
 
 97,075 
 
 1,094 
 
 893,308 
 
 50,000 
 39,135,919 
 
 7,325,531 
 
 2,875,060 
 
 750,200 
 
 293,130 
 
 34,200 
 89,500 
 
 7o,395 
 
 34.877 
 
 124,000 
 
 170,514 
 
 199,122 
 
 502,615 
 
 54,273 
 
 550 
 
 298,000 
 427,897 
 
 54,357 
 
 502,156 
 
 75,112 
 
 230,137 
 
 11,000 
 31,340 
 
 3,799,552 
 959,076 
 
 622,102 
 1,147,380 
 
 13,439 
 3,094,669 
 
 1*7*2,754 
 
28 
 
 TABLE Xll.— Continued. 
 
 INDUSTRIES. 
 
 1881. 
 
 172,754 
 
 Paint & varnish works. 
 Painters and glaziers. . . 
 Paper manufactories . . . 
 Paper bag & box mak'g . 
 Paper collar factory .... 
 Patent medicine manu- 
 factories 
 
 Photographic galleries. 
 
 Pickle making 
 
 Picture frame making.. 
 Planing & mould'g mills 
 Plaster and stucco w'ks 
 
 Pot & pearl ashes 
 
 Potteries 
 
 Prepared peat fuel Ptory 
 Preserv'd articles of food 
 
 Printing offices 
 
 Pulp mills 
 
 Pump factories 
 
 Quartz crushing mills. . 
 
 Rivet factories 
 
 Rolling mills 
 
 Roofing felt factories. , . 
 
 Rope and twine making 
 
 Saddle & harness mak'g. 
 
 Saltworks 
 
 Sash, door & blind fac- 
 tories 
 
 Saw and file cutting. . . . 
 
 Saw mills 
 
 Scale factories 
 
 Screw factory 
 
 Scutching mills 
 
 Sewing machine f tories 
 
 Shingle making 
 
 Ship material making 
 
 Ship yards 
 
 Shirt, collar & tie mak'g. 
 
 Shook & fishbox mak'g. 
 
 Silk mills 
 
 Skate factory 
 
 Soap and candle mak'g. 
 
 Spike and railway chair 
 factory 
 
 Spinning wheel factories 
 
 Spring & axle factories . 
 
 Starch factories 
 
 Stave mills 
 
 Steel barb fence factory. 
 
 Stone & marble cutting , 
 
 Straw works 
 
 Capital 
 Invested. 
 
 Number 
 of Hands 
 Emi)loyod. 
 
 712,415 
 
 198,562 
 
 2,237,950 
 
 122,557 
 
 25,000 
 
 302,300 
 
 492,469 
 
 11,820 
 
 :^,500 
 
 447,630 
 
 ■!8,005 
 
 138,604 
 
 351,328 
 
 120 
 
 1,222,558 
 
 4,291,136 
 
 92,000 
 
 197,517 
 
 223,000 
 
 69,000 
 
 097,500 
 
 115,000 
 
 722,300 
 
 1,32S,845 
 
 298,100 
 
 1,996,858 
 
 470,150 
 
 55,487,23;! 
 
 79,940 
 
 200,000 
 
 220,050 
 
 921,260 
 
 448,147 
 
 224,325 
 
 1,570,910 
 
 441,951 
 
 111,570 
 
 131,700 
 
 6,000 
 
 916,025 
 
 :f8,000 
 26,024 
 1 35,201) 
 3(18,000 
 124,300 
 :{,000 
 835,760 
 110,465 
 
 281 
 
 759 
 
 1,520 
 
 216 
 
 422 
 
 28 
 
 2 
 
 633 
 
 84 
 
 46 
 
 696 
 
 1 
 
 8,453 
 
 5,311 
 
 68 
 
 470 
 
 268 
 
 27 
 
 699 
 
 124 
 
 Total 
 .\nniial Value 
 of Products. 
 
 i) 
 
 29 
 2,911 
 247 
 
 2.8T8 
 
 362 
 
 2,085 
 
 52 
 
 66 
 
 992 
 
 1,188 
 
 2,389 
 
 394 
 
 4,454 
 
 1,491 
 
 268 
 
 211 
 
 20 
 
 479 
 
 41 
 
 41 
 
 196 
 
 141 
 
 2G5 
 
 3 
 
 1,991 
 
 232 
 
 1,311,H00 
 728,067 
 
 2,446,693 
 
 198,474 
 
 25,000 
 
 666,580 
 
 409,427 
 
 26,420 
 
 5.000 
 
 992,201 
 
 86,450 
 
 345,096 
 
 571,885 
 
 600 
 
 2,685,861 
 
 4,742,904 
 
 63,300 
 
 377,975 
 
 260,269 
 
 72,000 
 
 1,026,900 
 
 284,600 
 
 775,460 
 
 3,23:i,973 
 
 595,848 
 
 4,872.362 
 
 859,:i60 
 
 38,541,752 
 
 SdieOO 
 
 50,900 
 
 431,062 
 
 1,048.277 
 
 7f;6,99H 
 
 586,575 
 
 3,557,258 
 
 1,255,611 
 
 228,785 
 
 275,000 
 
 9 000 
 
 1,956,651! 
 
 144,000 
 
 24.912 
 
 246 400 
 
 212,(10(1 
 
 168,520 
 
 12,000 
 
 1,846,483 
 
 112,261 
 
 1871. 
 
 Capital 
 Invested. 
 
 is 
 
 84,850 
 
 78,459 
 
 610,400 
 
 58,000 
 
 57,650 
 189,976 
 
 4,850 
 
 155,416 
 
 170,868 
 
 85,000 
 
 82,066 
 
 2,168,660 
 
 66,964 
 
 441,200 
 
 6,000 
 
 440,000 
 
 13,200 
 210,660 
 6:!l,8(i(j 
 206,100 
 
 967,294 
 
 127,512 
 
 16,040,589 
 
 29.000 
 
 107,782 
 346,400 
 489,073 
 2;f2,32H 
 1,084,425 
 
 15,900 
 
 45,000 
 279,821 
 
 24,775 
 
 9,699 
 
 89,850 
 
 12] 000 
 
 200,704 
 265,305 
 
 Number 
 of Hands 
 Employed. 
 
 Total 
 Annual Value 
 of Products. 
 
 67 
 503 
 
 760 
 
 • • • • 
 
 96 
 
 73 
 352 
 
 • • • • 
 
 • • • • 
 
 51 
 
 945 
 359 
 292 
 552 
 3,497 
 
 » • • • 
 
 280 
 325 
 
 14 
 
 762 
 
 11 
 
 450 
 
 2,(i67 
 
 185 
 
 2,519 
 
 172 
 
 35,691 
 
 58 
 
 ■ • • • 
 
 559 
 9(;3 
 
 3,100 
 :t72 
 
 (!,046 
 
 73 
 301 
 
 30 
 
 74 
 
 163 
 
 72 
 
 1,169 
 608 
 
 294,700 
 
 377,470 
 
 1,071,651 
 
 115,000 
 
 171,050 
 :!38,005 
 
 40,820 
 
 515,290 
 
 330.619 
 
 2'.t,000 
 
 262,053 
 
 3,420,202 
 
 191,820 
 
 220,718 
 
 25,000 
 
 1,680,000 
 
 14,902 
 
 769,840 
 
 2,465,321 
 
 136,599 
 
 3,008,641 
 
 276,523 
 
 30,256,247 
 
 85,750 
 
 2(i!),818 
 
 1,123,464 
 
 891,995 
 
 882.271 
 
 4,432,262 
 
 39,030 
 
 90,000 
 l,;t23,853 
 
 80,000 
 
 2(),805 
 
 2:i8,812 
 
 222,684 
 
 1,072,874 
 538,250 
 
Wr 
 
 I 
 
 ; 
 
 if 
 
 ill 
 
 Ih 
 
 1 I 
 
 24 
 
 TABLE XIL— Continued. 
 
 
 1881. 
 
 1871. 
 
 INDUSTRIES. 
 
 Capital 
 Invested. 
 
 Number 
 of Hands 
 Employed. 
 
 Total 
 Annual Value 
 of Products. 
 
 Capital 
 Invested. 
 
 Number 
 of Hands 
 Employed. 
 
 Total 
 Annual Value 
 of Products. 
 
 Sugar refineries 
 
 Sugar and syrup mak'g 
 from sorghum, beet 
 root, etc 
 
 9 
 
 2,150,000 
 
 145,900 
 
 252,200 
 
 51,400 
 
 5,719,729 
 
 6,386,222 
 
 15,000 
 
 15 000 
 
 1,993,054 
 
 18,830 
 
 1,829,420 
 
 500 
 
 383,578 
 
 83,000 
 
 23,000 
 151,500 
 100,000 
 
 5,073 
 14,434 
 72,597 
 68,045 
 90,000 
 190,382 
 5,272,376 
 
 723 
 
 215 
 
 41 
 
 45 
 
 18,029 
 
 5,491 
 
 36 
 
 130 
 
 3,685 
 
 64 
 
 3.757 
 
 2 
 
 626 
 
 56 
 
 22 
 59 
 50 
 
 27 
 72 
 76 
 53 
 66 
 604 
 6.877 
 
 8 
 
 9,627,000 
 
 237,830 
 
 90,500 
 
 37,200 
 
 15,102,963 
 
 15,144,535 
 
 44,000 
 
 19,000 
 
 2,738,246 
 
 20,300 
 
 3,060,306 
 
 1.400 
 
 677,877 
 
 76,550 
 
 22,500 
 270,162 
 100,000 
 
 15,140 
 
 53,404 
 
 52,770 
 
 59,450 
 
 213,000 
 
 431,797 
 
 8,113,055 
 
 8 
 425,000 
 
 11,900 
 1,721,903 
 2,656,166 
 
 7*89,216 
 
 7,500 
 
 573,145 
 
 100,79,3 
 43,500 
 
 47,040 
 
 4,285 
 
 6,170 
 
 24,901 
 
 4,670 
 
 03,986 
 2,776,814 
 
 359 
 
 • • • • 
 
 • • • • 
 
 20 
 
 11,092 
 
 4,207 
 
 5 
 
 • • • • 
 
 2,351 
 
 98 
 
 2,210 
 
 • • • • 
 
 517 
 84 
 
 • • • « 
 
 41 
 
 15 
 
 28 
 
 57 
 
 9 
 
 • • • • 
 
 161 
 4,4.')3 
 
 8 
 4,132,750 
 
 Superphosphate works.. 
 Surgical appliances. . . . 
 Tailors and clothiers. . . 
 Tanneries 
 
 1*8*820 
 
 9,345,875 
 
 9,184,932 
 
 2,000 
 
 2,392,638 
 
 39,060 
 
 2,435,343 
 
 536,430 
 60,000 
 
 Tent and awning f tories 
 
 Thread making 
 
 Tin & sheet iron w'rking. 
 Tobacco pipe factories. . 
 
 Tobacco working 
 
 Tree-nail & wedge m'k'g 
 Trunk and box making. 
 
 Type foundries 
 
 Vermicelli & maccaroni 
 makingf 
 
 Vinegar factories 
 
 Wall paper factories .... 
 Wax candle & taper fac- 
 tories 
 
 180,312 
 
 8,224 
 21,618 
 47,643 
 15,900 
 
 99,950 
 5,507,549 
 
 Whip factories 
 
 Wiij making: 
 
 Window shade factories. 
 
 Wire works 
 
 Wood turning 
 
 Wool cloth making. . . . 
 
 Grand Totals 
 
 165,302.623 
 
 254,935 
 
 309,676,068 
 
 77,964,020 
 
 187,942 
 
 221,617,773 
 
 COMPARATIVE SUMMARY. 
 The following is a comparative view, by Provinces, of Capital Invested, 
 Value of Products, and number of Employees. 
 
 
 Capital Invested. 
 
 Value of Products. 
 
 Persons Employed. 
 
 
 1881. 
 
 1871. 
 
 1881. 
 
 1871. 
 
 1881. 
 
 1871. 
 
 Prince Kdward Island 
 
 Nova Scotia 
 
 8 
 
 2,085,770 
 
 10,183,000 
 
 8,425,282 
 
 59,216,902 
 
 80,950,847 
 
 1,383,331 
 
 2,962,835 
 
 104,600 
 
 « 
 
 6,041", ooo' 
 
 5,076,170 
 
 28,071,808 
 
 87,874,010 
 
 8 
 
 3,400,208 
 
 18,575,326 
 
 18,512,658 
 
 104,602,2!^8 
 
 157,980,870 
 
 3,413,020 
 
 2,926,784 
 
 195,938 
 
 $ 
 
 12,338, io.V 
 
 17,367,687 
 
 77,205,182 
 
 114,706,799 
 
 No. 
 
 5,707 
 
 20,390 
 
 19,922 
 
 85,073 
 
 118,308 
 
 1,921 
 
 2,871 
 
 83 
 
 No. 
 16,595 
 
 New Brunswick 
 
 18,352 
 
 Qiiei)ec 
 
 66,714 
 
 Ontario 
 
 87,281 
 
 
 
 British Columbia 
 
 
 Tile Territories 
 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 165,802,623 
 
 77,964.020 
 
 309,070,068 
 
 221,617,773 
 
 254,935 
 
 187,942 
 
 
 
25 
 
 Total 
 lual Value 
 Products. 
 
 8 
 i,l32,750 
 
 18,820 
 
 9,345,8'75 
 
 9,184,932 
 
 2,000 
 
 2,392,638 
 
 39,060 
 
 2,435,343 
 
 536,430 
 66,000 
 
 180,312 
 
 8,224 
 21,618 
 47,643 
 15,900 
 
 99,950 
 5,507,549 
 
 121,617,773 
 
 [nvested, 
 
 iployed. 
 
 1871. 
 
 No. 
 
 15,595 
 18,362 
 60,714 
 87,281 
 
 187,942 
 
 
 
 
 
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 Waji 
 
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 CO 
 
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 m 
 
 ^ 
 
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 C . © 
 
 
 
 
 w 
 
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 C^ . — 
 
 
 
 
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 ^ 
 
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 o 
 
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 Spring and Axle 
 
 Stone and Marble Cutting. 
 Straw Works ••• 
 
 1 
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 1 
 
 • 
 • 
 
 1 
 
 
 Tin & Sheet Iron Working. 
 
 Tobacco Working 
 
 Tobacco Pipe Factories . . . 
 Trunk and Box making . . . 
 
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 Vermicelli and Maccaroni. 
 
 Wall Paper 
 
 i bi 
 
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 11 
 
 Totals 
 
 Capital invested. $33,2 33,69 
 
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 6 
 
 NOTES TO THE FOREGOING STATEMENTS. 
 
 TABLES I., 11. AND III.— CAPITAL, AREA, POPULATION. 
 
 The summaries of Capital Invested and Values of Products, in Table I, 
 are compared with relation to the four older Provinces, — the increases respec- 
 tively being 103*6 and 352 per cent. 
 
 The area of the Dominion may be summarized thus : — 
 
 Prince Edward Island 
 
 Nova Scotia 
 
 New Brunswick 
 
 Quebec 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Manitoba 
 
 British Columbia 341,305 
 
 The Territories 2,GG5,2o2 
 
 2,133 sq. miles. 
 20,907 
 27,174 
 
 188,G88 
 101,733 
 123,200 
 
 Total sq. miles 3,470,392 
 
 " It is to be observed that the areas of the great waters, such as the great lakes and 
 rivers of the Upper Provinces and the St. Lawrence, the bays and inlets of the Lower 
 Provinces, are not included in the above table of square miles, these being compiled from 
 the census districts established with a view of apportioning population to specific 
 areas of land. The areas of these waters, as nearly as they can be estimated from 
 measurement on the maps, would be about 140,000 square miles, which, added to the 
 areas taken from the census districts, would give n total of over 3,G10,000 square miles. 
 
 '•The area of the whole of the continent ot i'urope is 3,900,000 square miles; the 
 area of the United States, exclusive of Alaska, is 2,933,588 square miles — that of Alaska is 
 577,390 square miles — combined making 3,510,978 miles. Thus the Dominion is nearly 
 six bnndred thousand square miles larger than the United States without Alaska, and 
 nearly 18,000 square miles larger than both combined." 
 
 Rapid Increase of Immigration. 
 
 A glance at the figures in the last two columns of the following table, — 
 copied from the report of the Hon. Minister of Agriculture, — will show how 
 much greater an increase of population in Canada may probably be recorded in 
 1891, as contrasted with that of the Census of 1881 : 
 
liluiii 
 
 80 
 
 
 1877. 
 
 1878. 
 
 1879. 
 
 1880. 
 
 1881. 
 
 1882. 
 
 Via the St. Lawrence 
 
 Via Suspension Bridge and In- 
 land Ports 
 
 Maritime Province Ports, in- 
 eluding Portland (4,309). 
 Halifax (8,723) and St. John 
 direct (3:'>4.) 
 
 British Columbia 
 
 7,743 
 10,040 
 
 2,749 
 
 10,295 
 15,814 
 
 2,488 
 
 17,251 
 30,071 
 
 3,955 
 
 24,997 
 47,29G 
 
 3,309 
 
 30,238 
 Gl,823 
 
 3,83G 
 5,715 
 
 44,850 
 •90,393 
 
 13,42G 
 tl3,927 
 
 
 • • • • • • • • 
 
 
 
 
 Entered at Custom Houses 
 with settlers' goods 
 
 23,532 
 11,753 
 
 28,597 
 11,435 
 
 51,277 
 9,775 
 
 75,002 
 10,248 
 
 101,012 
 15,404 
 
 102,596 
 30,554 
 
 Total 
 
 35,285 
 
 40,032 
 
 GI,052 
 
 85,850 
 
 117,010 
 
 193,150 
 
 
 
 * NoTK. — It Diay 1)0 explained that this item of ()0,.103 iscoinposod as follows : — Ininii^rrants via Suspon- 
 Bion Bri(l};u, G4,48U ; from IJiiited States by St. I'aiil, Miiiiicupolis and Manitoba Railway, 18,825 ; American 
 arrivals at various ai,'encieH 2,(MJ4, alonsj the frontier from Kmerson to Fort Benton, 1,200 ; Americans 
 entered at Coaticooke !KX), and arrivals at Montreal via Boston 3,984, and via New York 4,440. 
 
 t Of these, 0,200 were Whites, and 7,727 were Chinese. 
 
 The immigration during the first six months of 1883 was largely in 
 excess of that for the corresponding period of 1882. 
 
 Extent of Fertile Land in the Canadian North-West. 
 
 It may not be deemed an improper digression, to make brief reference here 
 to the extent and fertility of the lands offered for settlement in the Canadian 
 North-West. 
 
 There is good authority for the general statement, that the vast territory 
 embraces 600,000 square miles of valuable agricultural land, well adapted for 
 settlement and cultivation, — equal to 384,000,000 acres. It is a misnomer to 
 call this a fertile " belt," for the rich land, as will immediately be seen, does not 
 lie in a single undivided region. It embraces large tracts of vegetable and grass 
 lands; what may be called properly the Wheat Land, however, includes several 
 areas, the aggregate of which is about 370,000 square miles, or 236,800,000 
 acres. The Red River prairie is large and exceedingly valuable. The fertile 
 region in the Saskatchewan Valley, covers an area of 64,400 square miles, (or 
 41,216,000 acres,) in a continuous stretch of about 800 miles in length by 80 
 miles in width. But by far the greatest Wheat area is beyond the Saskatche- 
 wan, in the Valley of the Athabaska, and along the Peace River, westward to the 
 Rocky Mountains, and as far North as the line of 60°. This stretch of country 
 has an area of 470,000 square miles of good land, or about 300,000,000 acres. 
 From the eastern boundary of the North-West to the foot of the Rocky Mountains, 
 there is a gradual rise of 3,500 feet ; affording, therefore, not only variety of soil, 
 but appreciable differences of climate, the average temperature moderating as 
 progress is made westward. 
 
81 
 
 As an example of how many people such a country would sustain, take the 
 following : — The population of Germany in 1871 was 42,726,844, spread over 
 an area of 212,091 square miles, — the average being 201 persoiis to a square mile. 
 To show the capacity of the most fertile part of the North-West to sustain in 
 comfort, if not affluence, an industrious people, it has been computed that there 
 would be plenty of room within the 600,000 square miles first-mentioned for over 
 120,000,000 inhabitants, — that number bcinj; nearly equal to the combined 
 populations of Germany, France, Italy, and Spain, in the year 1871. The 
 area of the United Kingdom is only equal to about one-fifth of these fertile lands; 
 while the extents of Germany and France are, respectively, but little more than 
 one-third. 
 
 But a different illustration can be presented, which may probably be more 
 readily comprehended by the people of Canada and the United States. The area 
 of the State of New York is 47,000 square miles ; the area of Texas is 274,356 
 square , miles, or nearly six times as great as the " Empire State." Twelve Pro- 
 vinces, each equal in area to New York, might easily be carved out of the fertile 
 region of the Canadian North- West. Texas has not half the area of the latter 
 region ; — the combined areas of the States of Texas, Oregon, Minnesota, Kansas, 
 and Missouri, amount only to 601,402 square miles ; while the five largest Terri- 
 tories of the Union — Dakota, Montana, Wyoming, Idaho, and Utah, have but 
 an aggregate area of 563,361 square miles. 
 
 TABLES IV. AND v.— MOVABLE AND IMMOVABLE PROPERTY. 
 
 The statements in these Tables, relating to all kinds of Property, movable 
 and immovable, including Shipping, &c., are interesting; but a comparative 
 analysis would occupy more space than can be afforded here. 
 
 TABLE VI— WORKING ANIMALS, FARM STOCK, AND ANIMAL 
 
 PRODUCTS. 
 
 Comparative Summary of Live Stock, &c., owned in the older Provinces. 
 
 1881. 1871 
 
 Nova Scotia 4G,044 41,925 
 
 New Brunswick 43,957 36,322 
 
 Quebec 225,006 196,339 
 
 Ontario 473,906 368,585 
 
 Horses 
 
 Colts and Fillies- 
 
 11,123 
 
 9,018 
 
 Nova Scotia 
 
 New Brunswick 
 
 Quebec 48,846 
 
 l^ Ontario 116,392 
 
 7,654 
 
 8,464 
 
 57,038 
 
 120,416 
 
m 
 
 Working Oxen 
 
 Milch Cow8... 
 
 Other Horned 
 Cattle. 
 
 Sheep 
 
 Swine 
 
 f! 
 
 Cattle Killed or 
 Sold. 
 
 Wool 
 
 (lbs.) 
 
 82 
 
 1881. 1871. 
 
 Nova Scotia 33,27r) 32,214 
 
 I New Brunswick 8,812 11,132 
 
 Quebec 49,237 48,348 
 
 Ontario 23,2fi3 47,'.t41 
 
 Nova Scotia 137,039 122.088 
 
 New Brunswick 103.90.') 83,220 
 
 Quebec 490,977 400,542 
 
 Ontario 782,243 038,759 
 
 Nova Scotia 1.54,089 119,005 
 
 I New Brunswick 99,788 09,335 
 
 Quebec 490,119 328,572 
 
 Ontario 890,601 710,474 
 
 Nova Scotia 377,801 398,377 
 
 I New Brunswick 221,103 234,418 
 
 Quebec 889,833 1,007,800 
 
 Ontario 1,359,178 1,514,914 
 
 Nova Scotia 47,2.50 54,102 
 
 I New Brunswick 53,087 0.5,805 
 
 iQuebec 329,199 371,452 
 
 Ontario 700,922 874,004 
 
 Nova Scotia 03,389 42,815 
 
 New Brunswick 35,414 31,551 
 
 Quebec 100,207 15.5,373 
 
 Ontario 303,043 277,980 
 
 Nova Scotia 1,142,440 1,132,703 
 
 New Brunswick 700,531 790,108 
 
 Quebec 2,7.30,540 2,703,.304 
 
 Ontario 0,013,210 6,211,305 
 
 TABLE VII.— YIELDS OF THE VARIOUS CEREAL CROPS. 
 
 Comparative Summary of Cereal Products in the older Provinces. 
 
 1881. 1871. 
 
 ! Nova Scotia 522,002 224,410 
 
 New Brunswick 517,917 203,592 
 
 Quebec 1,999,815 2,035^921 
 
 Ontario 7,213,024 7,891,989 
 
 ! Nova Scotia 6,649 3,087 
 
 NewBrunswick 3,959 1,319 
 
 Quebec 19,189 22,155 
 
 Ontario 20,193,067 6,341,400 
 
 ! Nova Scotia 228,748 296,050 
 
 NewBrunswick 84,183 70,547 
 
 Quebec 1,751,539 1,668,208 
 
 Ontario 14,279,841 9,461,233 
 
 /Nova Scotia 37,220 35,203 
 
 Peas and BcansJ New Brunswick 43,121 45,056 
 
 (bush.) iQuebec 4,170,456 2,284,635 
 
 1^ Ontario 9,434,872 7,761,470 
 
Oats. 
 
 (bash.) 
 
 Rje 
 
 (bush.) 
 
 Corn. 
 
 (bU8h.) 
 
 Potatoes ... 
 
 (bush.) 
 
 Hay 
 
 (tons) 
 
 88 
 
 1881. 1871. 
 
 Nova Scotia 1,873,113 2,190,099 
 
 New Brunswick 3,297,534 3,044,134 
 
 Quebec 19,990.205 15,116,202 
 
 , Ontario 40,209,929 22,138,958 
 
 NovaScotia 47,567 33,987 
 
 New Brunswick 18,208 23,792 
 
 Quebec 430,242 458,970 
 
 Ontario 1,598,871 547,000 
 
 NovaScotia 13,532 23,349 
 
 I New Brunswick 18,159 27,658 
 
 I Quebec 888,169 603,356 
 
 Ontario 8,096,782 3,148,456 
 
 NovaScotia 7,3T8,387 5,560,975 
 
 New Brunswick 6,961,010 6,562,355 
 
 Quebec 14,873,287 18,068,323 
 
 Ontario 18,893,996 17,138,534 
 
 NovaScotia 597,731 442,732 
 
 New Brunswick 414,040 344,793 
 
 Quebec 1,164,906 1,225,640 
 
 Ontario 2,038,659 1,804,476 
 
 Farmers and others interested in the grain trade will scan these comparisons 
 with a good deal of interest. The aggregate of Wheat production in the Domin- 
 ion seems to corroborate hypothetical statements made in some former years 
 by the Secretary in his Montreal Trade Reports ; it must, however, be said that 
 a summary of Wheat production in the Province of Ontario, published in the 
 Annual Report of the Ontario Bureau of Industries, for the year 1882, shows 
 the combined yield of Winter and Spring Wheat to have been far greater than 
 the yield for the whole Dominion, as given in the Census. This important 
 statement is as follows : — 
 
 ARTICLES. 
 
 Fall Wheat 
 
 Spring Wheat . . . 
 
 Barley 
 
 Oats 
 
 Rye 
 
 Peas 
 
 Corn 
 
 Buckwheat 
 
 Beans 
 
 Flax 
 
 Hops 
 
 Tobacco 
 
 Hay and Clover . . 
 
 Potatoes 
 
 Mangold Wurzels 
 
 Carrots 
 
 Turnips 
 
 Breadth Sown. 
 
 Production. 
 
 1,188,520 acres. 
 
 586,817 « 
 
 848,617 
 
 1,375,415 
 
 189,031 
 
 557,157 
 
 206,924 
 
 49,586 
 
 19,787 
 
 6,157 
 
 2,051 
 
 51 
 
 1,825,890 
 
 160,700 
 
 15,791 
 
 9,955 
 
 78,823 
 
 31 ,255,202 bush. 
 
 9,165,999 " 
 
 24,284,407 " 
 
 59,097,997 « 
 
 3,549,898 " 
 
 10,943,355 « 
 
 13,420,984 " 
 
 1,247,943 " 
 
 409,910 « 
 
 2,090,626 tons. 
 
 18,432,145bush. 
 7,711,420 " 
 4,009,975 « 
 
 35,359,331 « 
 
 Yield per Acre. 
 
 26-3 bshls. 
 
 16-5 " 
 
 28-6 « 
 
 36-4 " 
 
 18-8 " 
 
 19-6 « 
 
 649 " 
 
 25-2 « 
 
 20-7 « 
 
 • • • « 
 
 • • • • 
 
 1-14 tons 
 1150 bshls. 
 488-0 " 
 403-0 " 
 448-0 « 
 
m 
 
 84 
 
 The cereal yield per acre for the PruviDce of Ontario, as shown here, 
 affords an opportunity for quoting figures relating to the productiveness of 
 Manitoba and the Canadian North-West : — 
 
 
 1877. 
 
 1878. 
 
 1879. 
 
 1880. 
 
 1881. 
 
 
 BuHhela. 
 
 BuHhols. 
 
 BuHhols. 
 
 UUHhclM. 
 
 UiiNhuls. 
 
 Average yield of Wheat, per acre 
 
 26| 
 
 2CJ 
 
 26 J 
 
 29* 
 38i 
 
 30 
 
 « " Peas, « 
 
 32 
 
 34 
 
 32| 
 
 34 
 
 « " Barley, « 
 
 40f 
 
 63 
 
 37f 
 
 41 
 
 40 
 
 « " Oats, " 
 
 59| 
 
 59 i 
 
 58 
 
 57J 
 
 57 
 
 « " Rye, « 
 
 30 
 
 30 
 
 40 
 
 40 
 
 
 « " Potatoes, " 
 
 304 
 
 308 
 
 302 
 
 318 
 
 330 
 
 ill 
 
 The averages for 1881 are taken frona the Report of the Minister of Agri- 
 culture for the Province of Manitoba ; those for the preceding years being 
 derived from unofficial but reliable sources. For in.atance, the averages for 
 Wheat were obtained from 124 statements ; for Peas, from 21 statements ; for 
 Barley, from 101 statements; for Oats, from 115 statements; for Rye, 1 state- 
 ment ; and for Potatoes, 92 statements. 
 
 The following comparative figures show the yield per acre of certain kinds 
 of Grain in the Canadian North-West, and the Western and North-Western 
 States : — 
 
 I 
 
 
 WHEAT. 
 
 BARLEY. 
 
 OATS. 
 
 Canadian North-West 
 
 Bushels per acre. 
 28 
 17 
 13 
 10 
 8 
 
 • • 
 
 10 
 
 Bushels per acre. 
 40 
 26 
 20 
 22 
 17 
 19 
 19 
 
 Bushels per acre. 
 57 
 
 Minnesota 
 
 37 
 
 Wisconsin 
 
 
 Iowa • • 
 
 28 
 
 Illinois 
 
 
 Indiana 
 
 
 Ohio 
 
 23 
 
 
 
 While these figures are not quoted as from a strictly official source, the 
 statement which follows is valuable, as having been taken from a " Statistical 
 Abstract of the United States," published by the Government, at Washington, 
 D. C. The period to which it refers consists of ten years, from 1870 to 1879 in- 
 clusive, — and the particulars given are, the average annual yield per acre, also 
 the highest and lowest yields, with the years in which they occurred : — 
 
86 
 
 
 AVRRAOEOK 10 YitARa. 
 
 HlOHUT YlRLD. 
 
 LOWRHT YlRLD. 
 
 Wheat 
 
 Bu8hel8 |Hjr acre. 
 1204 
 27-01 
 1401 
 22-00 
 28-04 
 87-07 
 
 BiiHhuU pvr acre. 
 
 i:joi) in 1877 
 30-07 in 1872 
 1(3-00 in 1878 
 24-00 in 1870 
 31-07 in 1877 
 110-05 in 1875 
 
 Buithels p«r aero. 
 ll-(M) in 1875 
 
 Indian Corn 
 
 20 07 in 1874 
 
 live 
 
 1300 in 1875 
 
 Barley 
 
 lt»()2 in 1872 
 
 Oats 
 
 22-00 in 1874 
 
 Potatoes 
 
 G'J-oi) in 1878 
 
 
 
 TABLE VIII.— SOME HOME-MADE AND FARM PRODUCTS. 
 
 In giving the followiDg comparisons, let it be borDO in mind that the figures 
 for 1871 relate to the four older Provinces. 
 
 1881. 1871. 
 
 Home-made Butter lbs. 102,545,109 74,11)0,584 
 
 Home-made CheeBti lbs. 3,184,096 4,984,843 
 
 Flaxseed bush. 108,694 118,044 
 
 Fla.\ and Hemp lbs. 2,056,353 2,584,705 
 
 Home-made Cloth yds. 7,040,259 7,641 ,91 7 
 
 Home-made Linen yds. 1,293,802 1,771,140 
 
 Apples .bush. 13,377,655 6,;J65,315 
 
 Grapes lbs. 3,896,508 1,126,402 
 
 Other Fruits bush. 841,219 358,963 
 
 Maple Sugar lbs. 20,556,049 17,270,054 
 
 Tobacco lbs. 2,527,962 1,595,932 
 
 Hops lbs. 905,207 1,711,789 
 
 Furs value $987,555 $738,038 
 
 Particulars relating to Butter and Cheese Factories will be found in the 
 Table on page 21. The record would have been more intelligible had the 
 products been given in weight (lbs.) instead of value. There were 46 Butter 
 Factories in 1881,— in 1871, nil. Cheese Factories in 1881, 409,— in 1871 , 353. 
 
 There is no statement about Eggs or Poultry, although these have, for a num- 
 ber of years, been exported to the United States in very large quantities. 
 
 TABLE IX.— PRODUCTS OF THE FOREST. 
 
 A carefully prepared section on the Lumber Trade of the Ottawa Valley 
 is given on a subsequent page, to which the reader is referred for valuable 
 information. 
 

 86 
 
 TABLE X.— THE FISHERIES OF CANADA. 
 
 The Census statements as to Fish products are, properly, confined to quanti- 
 ties. The subjoined table, from a report of the Marine and Fisheries Department, 
 gives values by Provinces for 1880, 1881, and 1882 :— 
 
 PROVINCES. 
 
 Nova Scotia 
 
 New BruDHwick 
 
 Quebec . 
 
 Prince Edward Island , 
 
 BritiHh Colvimbia 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Totals 
 
 Increases 
 
 Valuiw. 
 
 1880. 
 
 0.291,061.40 
 2,744.446.58 
 2.G31,.W6.4r) 
 l,G7n,088.<tO 
 713.3:<,').32 
 444,491.00 
 
 14,499,979.71 
 
 1S81. 
 
 0,2 14.78 1.50 
 2.9:50,904. .58 
 2,751,962. .50 
 1.955,289.80 
 ],454,:?21.26 
 5O9.9O;?.0O 
 
 1882. 
 
 7,1,31, 418. ^0 
 .3,i92,:«38.85 
 1.976.515.81 
 i;85.5,687.25 
 1,842.075 05 
 82.5,457.02 
 
 15,817,102.64 
 14,499,979.71 
 
 1,:J17,182.93 
 
 16,824,092. H4 
 15,817,162.64 
 
 1,000,929.70 
 
 The quantities of Fish-fry distributed from the fisli-brecding cfitabiishmcnts 
 in the Dominion, in the Spring of 1882, are reported to have been — 
 
 Salmon .5,783,000 
 
 Salmon-Trout 2,277,000 
 
 California Salmon 471,000 
 
 Speckled Trout 40,000 
 
 Pickerel 26,500,000 
 
 White-Fish 20,728,000 
 
 Total 5,5,709,000 
 
 TABLE XI.— EXTENT OF MINING INDUSTRIES. 
 
 Some of the statements in this Table cau be tested by the Report of the 
 Department of Mines for Nova Scotia. For instance, the yield of Gold from 
 the mines in that Province, according to the Census, was 16,167 ounces; but 
 according to the Report, the annual yield for a decade was as follows : — 
 
 OE. dwt. gr. 
 
 1873 11,852 7 19 
 
 1874 9,140 13 9 
 
 1875 11,208 14 9 
 
 1876 12,038 13 18 
 
 1877 16,882 6 1 
 
 oz. dwt. gr. 
 
 1878 12,577 1 22 
 
 1879 13,801 8 10 
 
 1880 13,234 4 
 
 1881 10,756 13 2 
 
 1882 14,107 3 20 
 
37 
 
 As regards the production of Coal in Nova Scotia, the Census sets down the 
 quantity at 1,013,345 tons, which is 19,365 tons less than the official statement 
 for 1880, as given below. The Report of the Department furnishes the 
 following figui'es, showing the production and sales for the past four years : — 
 
 Production. Salen. 
 
 1879 788,271 tons. 688,624 tons. 
 
 1880 1,032,710 « 954,659 " 
 
 1881 1,124,270 « 1,035,014 " 
 
 1882 1,365,811 " 1,250,179 « 
 
 For additional information relative to the Coal Trade, see the section on 
 that subject on a subsequent page. 
 
 TABLES XII. AND XIII.— MANUFACTURII^G INDUSTRIES. 
 
 The Census Tables of Industries have been subjects of severe comment ; 
 and, doubtless, many of the more important statements, in the aggregate as well 
 as detail, can hardly be reconciled; but the discrepancies should not be all 
 attributed to the census-takers. The following comparative summary relating 
 to the Industries of the Dominion may nevertheless be useful : — 
 
 1881 1871 
 
 Amount of Capital invested $105,302,623.00 $77,964,020.00 
 
 Value of Raw Material used 179,918,593.00 124,907,846.00 
 
 Aggregate Value of Productions 309,673,068.00 221,617,773.00 
 
 Number of Persons employed 254,935 187,942 
 
 Aggregate Wages paid 59,429,002.00 40,851,009,00 
 
 Average Wages for each person 233.11 217.36 
 
 It need hardly be stated that men, women, and children arc included among 
 the ** persons employed." 
 
 Cotton MANUPACTURiNa Industry. 
 
 The figures for the Dominion, and for Montreal, according to the enumera- 
 tions of 1881 and 1871, have been placed side by side with some care, and, 
 therefore, can easily be compared. It appears that there were 19 Cotton 
 Factories in the Dominion at the time of census-taking, — the capital invested 
 amounting to $3,476,600, with 3,527 hands employed, and the value of pro- 
 ductions being $3,759,412. The following statements regarding Cotton Factories 
 are collated from reliable information for 1883, — the gross Capital invested 
 amounting to $8,850,000, and the estimated product of the single item Cloth 
 being equal to about 115,000,000 yards. The other lines of production during 
 1883 will be: — Brown Sheetings and Shirtings, Bleached and Fancy Shirtings, 
 
88 
 
 Apron Checks, Nun's Stripes, Denims, Ticks, Ducks, Cottonades, Crochet and 
 Knitting Cottons, Beam Warps for Woollen Mills, 8-4, 9-4, and 104 Brown 
 Sheetings, Drills, Bags, Wadding and Batting, Cheviots, Canton Flannels, Shoe 
 Ducks and Drills, Pocketings, Wigans, &c. The computed value of total pro- 
 duction of the Mills in the following table, is $10,400,000 for the year :— 
 
 Namb or Factory. 
 
 Canada .' 
 
 Stormont 
 
 Eingeton 
 
 Dundas 
 
 Hamilton 
 
 Outario 
 
 Lybster 
 
 Thorold 
 
 Craven 
 
 V. Hudon 
 
 St. Anne 
 
 Merchants 
 
 Valleyfield 
 
 Cbambly 
 
 Coaticook 
 
 St. Croix 
 
 St. John 
 
 Wm. Parks & Son 
 
 Nova Scotia 
 
 Moncton 
 
 Windsor 
 
 Location. 
 
 Cornwall, Ont.... 
 Cornwall, Ont.. . . 
 Kingston, Ont.. . 
 
 Dundas, Ont 
 
 Hamilton, Ont. . . 
 Hamilton, Out. . . 
 Merriton, Ont. . . . 
 
 Thorold, Ont 
 
 Brantford, Ont... 
 Hochelaga, Que . . 
 Hoohelaga, Que . . 
 St. Henri, Que..., 
 Valleyfield, Que.. 
 Chambly, Que.. .. 
 Coaticook, Que. . . 
 St. Stephen, N. B 
 St. John,N.B.... 
 St. John, N. B.... 
 Halifax, N. S . . . . 
 Moncton, N. B. . . 
 Windsor N. S.. . . 
 
 No. of Looms. 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 ,000 
 550 
 
 ,300 
 450 
 250 
 250 
 300 
 300 
 300 
 
 ,400 
 480 
 550 
 400 
 150 
 250 
 750 
 400 
 150 
 500 
 200 
 250 
 
 No. of 
 Spindles. 
 
 45,000 
 2G,000 
 14,000 
 20,500 
 1 2,000 
 11,500 
 14,000 
 14,000 
 14,000 
 05,000 
 2i;<)00 
 24,750 
 60,000 
 
 0,750 
 10,000 
 34,000 
 18,000 
 
 G,750 
 22,500 
 10,000 
 12,000 
 
 Tons of 
 Coal used. 
 
 6,000 
 2,500 
 3,000 
 4,000 
 2,500 
 2,500 
 1,.500 
 1,000 
 1,000 
 12,000 
 4,000 
 5,000 
 3,000 
 500 
 1,000 
 3,000 
 5,000 
 3,000 
 5,000 
 2,000 
 2,500 
 
 Bleaching and Calico-printing, on a very considerable scale, have been intro- 
 duced by some of the Cotton Companies. 
 
 The consumption of Coal is a most important item. 
 
 In the Annual Report of the " Trade and Commerce of Montreal, for 1879," 
 valuable special information given to the Secretary enabled him to make approx- 
 imate statements relating to seven of the Cotton Mills then in operation. For the 
 present occasion he is favored, from the same sources, with figures for all thd 
 Mills particularized in the preceding Table, which will be found summarised 
 below. The two statements are placed side by side, as affording indications of 
 progress in the Cotton Manufacturing Industry: — 
 
 Seven Mills Twenty Mills 
 
 in 1S79. in 1883. 
 
 Total Capital employed $ 2,100,000 $8,500,000 
 
 Aggregate quantity of Gaw Material used per annum, lbs. ] 2,800,000 38,470,000 
 
 Quantity of Cloth produced yds. 38,000,000 115,000,000 
 
 Approximate value of annual production ...$ 3,745,000 10,400,000 
 
 No. of Spindles 134,000 472,000 
 
 No.ofLooms 2,940 9,950 
 
 No. of Employees 2,205 10,200 
 
 Amount of Wages paid per annum $ 556,000 $1,110,000 
 
 Value of Fuel consumed... $ 45,000 215,000 
 
 Value of Chemicals $ 20,000 125,000 
 
 il. 
 
39 
 
 Capital. 
 
 Employes. 
 
 Production. 
 
 $580,417 
 
 901 
 
 $1 ,498,343 
 
 630,821 
 
 1,556 
 
 1,385,730 
 
 5,272,376 
 
 6,877 
 
 8,113,055 
 
 Woollen Manufacturing Industry. 
 
 As regards the manufacturinp; of Woollens in the DomiDion, the following 
 figures appear in the census-volume : — 
 
 Number. 
 
 Carding and Fulling Mills 439 
 
 Hosiery Manufactories 83 
 
 Woollen Cloth Making 1,281 
 
 Quite a large number of the concerns mentioned in this summary are of 
 the very smallest kind (as, indeed, are many in the general lists of industries), 
 and unfortunately afford no intelligible indication of the business value of the 
 statements. While examining the industrial details relating to Cottons and Wool- 
 lens, however, the Secretary had a trade-list and other information before him, 
 which contained the names and locations of 294 Woollen Factories in the Pro- 
 vinces of Ontario and Quebec. Of the number (257) in Ontario, there were : — 
 
 113 Mills, each having 1 set of cards. 
 32 Mills, « 2 sets " 
 
 8 Mills, « 3 sets « 
 
 6 Mills, " 4 sets « 
 
 4 Mills, each having 5 sets of cards, 
 
 3 Mills, " 6 sets " 
 
 2 Mills, « 8 sets " 
 
 1 Mill, « 15 sets " 
 
 Of the number (37) in Quebec, there were :- 
 
 8 Mills, each having 1 set of cards. 
 
 6 Mills, " 2 sets « 
 
 2 Mills, " 3 sets « 
 
 1 Mill, " 4 sets " 
 
 2 Mills, each having 5 sets of cards. 
 1 Mill, " 6 sets " 
 
 1 Mill, " 10 sets " 
 
 1 Mill, " 20 sets « 
 
 The trades list above referred to also furnished the following information 
 as to certain of the Factories producing particular lines of goods during the 
 years 1882 and 1878, viz. :— 
 
 Woollen Factories in the Province of Ontario. 
 
 1882. 
 
 All-Wool Tweeds 
 
 Blankets 
 
 Blankets and Yarn 
 
 Cardigan Jackets 
 
 Carpets 
 
 Cassimeres, Doeskins, &c. 
 Etoflfes 
 
 1 
 4 
 1 
 1 
 3 
 
 Fancy Tweeds 7 
 
 Fancy Tweeds and Blankets .... 
 
 Felt 
 
 Felt Hats 
 
 Fine Tweeds and Worsted Gocda 
 
 Flannels 
 
 Flannels, Etoffes, &c 
 
 1 
 1 
 2 
 1 
 4 
 1 
 
 1878. 
 
 2 
 1 
 1 
 
 7 
 1 
 
 • • 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 
40 
 
 N' f. 
 
 1882. 1878. 
 
 Flannels and Yarns 1 
 
 Hosiery 2 1 
 
 KnitGoods 22 9 
 
 Shirts, Drawers, Hosiery, and Yarns 1 . • 
 
 Shirts, Drawers, and Yam 2 2 
 
 Shoddy 3 3 
 
 Shoddy, Waste, Flocks, Presidents, Knaps & Blankets I 1 
 
 Tweeds 37 35 
 
 Tweeds, Blankets, and Flannels 1 •« 
 
 Tweeds and Carpets 1 1 
 
 Tweeds and Check Flannels I 1 
 
 Tweeds and Etoifes 3 3 
 
 Tweeds and Flannels 7 7 
 
 Tweeds and Heavy Woollens 1 1 
 
 Tweeds, Knit Goods, and Fancy Flannels 1 1 
 
 Tweeds and Shawls 1 
 
 Tweeds and Shoddy , 1 
 
 Tweeds and Yarn 2 1 
 
 Woollen and Worsted Yarn 1 
 
 Yarns 1 
 
 Yarns and Knit Goods 1 1 
 
 Yarns, Tweeds, and Flannels , 1 
 
 WooUeti Factories in the Province of Quebec. 
 
 1882. 
 
 Blankets 1 
 
 Blankets and Flannels 
 
 Cassimeres, Tweeds, and Flannels 1 
 
 Fancy Flannels 1 
 
 Fancy Hosiery I 
 
 Fancy Tweeds 1 
 
 Flannels 2 
 
 Heavy Tweeds and Gray Goods I 
 
 Hosiery and Underwear 1 
 
 KnitGoods 3 
 
 Shirts and Drawers 1 
 
 Tweeds 8 
 
 Tweeds, Blankets, Union Beavers, &c 1 
 
 Tweeds and Etoffes 
 
 Tweeds and Flannels 1 
 
 . Tweeds and Heavy Woollens 1 
 
 Tweeds and Yarns 1 
 
 Waterproof Cloth 1 
 
 Worsted Yarns, Italian Cloths, Lustres, Cashmeres, 
 
 and Winceys 1 
 
 1878. 
 
 • • 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 4 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 
41 
 
 Special Summary Relating to Woollens. 
 
 The following is a summary of detailed information specitily furnished 
 relating to ten in 1879, and eleven in 1883, of the larger Woollen Factories 
 included in the foregoing enumerations : — 
 
 1879. 1883. 
 
 Capital employed $1,644,000 $2,388,000 
 
 Sets of Cards in use No. 60 72 
 
 Wool used per annum , ibg. 3,212,000 4,079,250 
 
 Quantity of Cloth produced yds. 1,995,000 2,593,500 
 
 Blankets pairg. 30,000 39,000 
 
 Value of one year's production $1,571,300 $ 2,042,749 
 
 Chemicals and Dyes $ 160,000 $ 210,000 
 
 Number of Looms 345 391 
 
 Employees 1^306 i,697 
 
 Aggregate Wages per annum $ 297,400 $ 386,600 
 
 Goods manufactured :— Tweeds, Cassimeres, Etoffes, Flan- 
 nels, Blankets, Serges, Beaver, Presidents, Diagonal 
 and Nap Coatings, Shoe Cloth. 
 
 [NOTB — The number of Looms in 1879 included 102 broad and 243 narrow ; in 1883 the numbers wore 
 122 broad and 269 narrow.] 
 
 Some interesting particulars relating to SuGAR REriNiNG are given on 
 subsequent pages, under the head of the SuG.\R Trade, and in the Montreal 
 Report under the caption Sugar Refineries. A number of note-worthy state- 
 ments that might also have been given here, relating to Paper Mills, Tobacco 
 Factories, Tanneries, Sewing Machine Making, and other Industries, 
 are reserved for the Montreal Trade Report, which will be issued shortly. 
 
48 
 
 CLIMATOLOGY OF CANADA. 
 
 NoTH— Ai il»o mjuont i)f VV. (', M<iiiii>*nr,o«, Wucj,, tmpct'lAl Gnrnmn Cotimil In 
 MoMtt'rnl. I ))ro|m(-ml, not Ioiik hIiiim', a iliu'tintciii <<«tii(nlnlii)( n gioni vnihity ofMtaii'- 
 mntti* ooiioornliiK ('Mim«lii niuI (I)i> NoiIIi-WohI, for tito infortimttoii of llindovoriiitimit 
 At lUnlht. Nnu'ly tiic wholo of {\\« nwlUm on Ullinnto In roppKloil Itnro. Tho Mliiipiiioiita 
 in tho upvoml TaMoh »h» l»y lh« bout nitilioittioii. — H'. ./, /'. 
 
 A 0l'9P NT FALLACY. 
 
 It ))ii.H boon tronohiutliv Huid thnt llio olitimto of'OniiiuIn In an " oxiifrK(^*i'>itiou ;" 
 thftt is, it is oithor su|MMtro|)i 'iil '» Sypi ' n mn, reminding hnnumity in Huniinoi' 
 of tho Kquator, iu\d in Winlor ot tho iNilon,— witlxntt nny iniorniuilitttu alio- 
 viAtion. A groator fHllucy oo\iUl hardly obtain orodonco. Standard thornio- 
 inotors show that tho Sununor tnrant aro not oxccssivoly high, nor thoHO of 
 Wintor unboarably low ; though, ol course, thoro aro sonn>titnoN indioations over 
 IXV Kahr. in tho shado, and iwcasional registrations 15" to 25" b«'low /.oro. On 
 tho wholo, tho olinmto of tho J>oininion may i'airly bo said t« b<i unsurpasHtul 
 for hoalthlnlnoss. Without opidomios of any kind, tho rato of mortality is lowor 
 than that of tho United States. Wlulo it is fortunate that there are data upon 
 which to ri»ly to substttutiato those stat.omonts, it is very unfortunate that they 
 should bo so gonorally overlooked or ignored. 
 
 TEMPERATURE, SNOW AND RAIN-FALL. 
 
 It is most satisfactory to be able to submit the results of care! ul scientific 
 observations, which will be found embodied in a very comprehensive series of 
 Tables given on pp. 43, 44 and 45. Charles Carpmaol, Esq., Superintendent of 
 the Meteorological Service of Canada, has, in tho kindest manner, supplied 
 from his office at Toronto, Ont., a number of exceedingly valuable documents 
 relating to the Meteorology of Canada, covering a period of over forty years. Tho 
 Tables referred to show the highest, lowest, and mean monthly and yearly temper- 
 atures, embracing observations made regularly at many prominent places through- 
 out the Dominion ; — also, the snow and rain-falls, giving the number of days per 
 
4a 
 
 Aiitiuiii (HI wliioli tliny (Kiourrnd, liiwitlon n krj^o iiiiinlMir mI' poriodictti «)vmit« «« tli«iy 
 liiq)|)*^iini| lit, llin OitinN of lV1(iii(Tnnl uiid Tororii^), All lliiit, iiil'irtiiiition wiin propnrod 
 umlcr Mr. (!nrpmn(ir« (llrootion, iumI Us us« whn »iiKifnHl.(i(| in tlm o,<trw/^\>iiwhiui:n with 
 wltioli l.liii Hoortiliii-y Iiuh Imuhi riivoicd. 
 
 Tim TiiMcn on pp. 4(1, 17 iinil 4H mliitn nxnlimivtly |.o iVl(»nf,niil, lui'l hIiow tlio 
 ouinpHrnl,iv« (.oinpomttiro, n»in, luid Htiow lull, by mont.lily iind anniifil ninjiriH during 
 »h ymrn, Iroin iHTTi l,<i {HHOinoliL^ivo, Tlidni nrd hIho iwoijolnmns with thn moftfi 
 tninpniatiirn and niin lull inontlily and iinnuiilly lor tlid yfiiirB 1H<J() jindlH<}I, Tho 
 inl'ornmfion wiih Kpooiiilly ItirniHlHid hy Mr, M(!l<»!od, Hnp(irinfc«tidttif. ol' Mcfiill (/<»ll«ge 
 Obwrvtttory. 
 
 J/(tr(7t TimpriuUnrn {in itrgrcfM Fuhr.) for mrh Hfundi and fur the Vmr in ihr. iteveral 
 /'t'ovincm, and fur ccrtuin Stationn in thr. Jhnniuion t>f (htwuUi, 
 
 Oiilftrlo 
 
 Uiiplino 
 
 N(iw llntiwwlok 
 
 Niivii HmiMit 
 
 I'riiiiw lOlwnnI l«lniiil 
 
 Mntilt.iilm 
 
 DrillNlidoluinlilii 
 
 Npwfotindlnhil 
 
 Toriittfii 
 
 Miinti-nftl 
 
 HI .»ohii, N.W 
 
 lUllfiu 
 
 .Inn. 
 
 fell, 
 
 Mltr. 
 
 April. 
 4%-0 
 
 May. 
 
 .lllllU. 
 
 ()?.-0 
 
 .(Illy. 
 (1?C8 
 
 Aii«. 
 
 H(i(,(,. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 Niif, 
 
 Dm, 
 
 afi-z 
 
 !i?l-7 
 
 ft3-4 
 
 oii'l 
 
 M 
 
 4'f4 
 
 rt?io 
 
 2?i r, 
 
 \\\X, 
 
 ir. II 
 
 2r.H 
 
 41 8 
 
 r.4'9 
 
 (Xl 
 
 VO-2 
 
 OH 1 
 
 r.« / 
 
 4/0 
 
 H?, I 
 
 17 1 
 
 II) 1 
 
 18 1 
 
 2fl 4 
 
 !i7fl 
 
 40 4 
 
 r.7'7 
 
 (W8 
 
 0I-4 
 
 r,4-2 
 
 4,^ 1 
 
 W'.'A 
 
 19 8 
 
 22 •» 
 
 21 2 
 
 '»V1 
 
 !ir.'9 
 
 44 11 
 
 Mil) 
 
 (t.'l a 
 
 02-9 
 
 f.0 4 
 
 4H Z 
 
 w, ;, 
 
 2.',f. 
 
 20 r. 
 
 14 7 
 
 27 •« 
 
 fl!l'l 
 
 40-2 
 
 r.4 • 
 
 04 ■» 
 
 02 7 
 
 r,7 2 
 
 49 4 
 
 ii2 7 
 
 22 9 
 
 2(1 
 
 n-0 
 
 9 
 
 !I0 2 
 
 ni 2 
 
 (mo 
 
 or. 9 
 
 04 8 
 
 M« 
 
 40 
 
 M « 
 
 
 
 22 H 
 
 2H 8 
 
 40 8 
 
 r>i 9 
 
 Mr 9 
 
 u u 
 
 72'2 
 
 70 7 
 
 01-4 
 
 49 V, 
 
 m 
 
 24 f, 
 
 20 -fl 
 22 9 
 
 22-7 
 
 287 
 
 aB'8 
 
 410 
 
 43 
 
 Mr? 
 
 (HI- 8 
 (17-4 
 
 mv 
 
 r.r,'8 
 
 f.8l 
 
 49 
 4f.!l 
 
 88 
 -V. 2 
 
 28 9 
 
 2.', 7 
 
 22 '9 
 
 29 II 
 
 r.1'7 
 
 «l 7 
 
 W 2 
 
 KI'H 
 
 I8« 
 
 2lt'9 
 
 4.'i r> 
 
 f.7-2 
 
 no 4 
 
 72-2 
 
 m»'8 
 
 00 K 
 
 4/r, 
 
 ?,3 
 
 18 9 
 
 )H4 
 
 21 4 
 
 27 -H 
 
 .1H'2 
 
 4(1 7 
 
 f,4-7 
 
 Ml 7 
 
 Mir, 
 
 f.4-r, 
 
 4.0 
 
 f!r.-7 
 
 22 8 
 
 22 W 
 
 2H-7 
 
 28 1 
 
 M8-I 
 
 47-4 
 
 r.9-7 
 
 niif. 
 
 on 3 
 
 f.7-4 
 
 48-3 
 
 37-8 
 
 2.'. 8 
 
 42-« 
 39 » 
 41-7 
 40 -R 
 82'fl 
 48 I 
 41-4 
 
 44 1 
 
 44-S 
 40-« 
 43 1 
 
 Averages of the Ifighent Temperalurei in each Month and Yenr for varirmi placet 
 in the Dominion of Canada from three or more yearn. 
 
 
 .Ian. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 Mar. 
 
 April. 
 
 May. 
 
 Jtinn, 
 
 801 
 80 B 
 89' (I 
 90-5 
 93-9 
 
 89-9 
 90-2 
 
 75-4 
 8ii-0 
 
 83-2 
 79-6 
 
 78-8 
 
 91-6 
 
 87-7 
 
 July 
 
 Ang 
 
 
 
 80 
 80 '2 
 90 '9 
 91 -3 
 88-7 
 
 9')'1 
 82-6 
 
 7fl.2 
 86.1 
 
 Sfi'4 
 84-0 
 
 82-3 
 
 92-3 
 
 93-7 
 
 Hftr>t 
 8V2 
 
 81 -^ 
 
 K, 1', 
 
 Hi;-H 
 
 84-2 
 
 8»1 
 78- 9 
 
 70 
 71 -.I 
 
 81 
 
 7.0 
 
 73-8 
 84-8 
 
 87-3 
 
 (M. 
 
 Sov. 
 
 t)HC. 
 
 Ynr. 
 
 Ontario. 
 Toronto 
 
 43-9 
 45-1 
 47-8 
 48-8 
 400 
 
 40-7 
 882 
 
 40-8 
 42-0 
 
 47-4 
 48-7 
 
 48-8 
 
 27-5 
 
 47-7 
 
 4V4 
 40 -2 
 ril-2 
 
 ir>-8 
 
 44-9 
 
 43-3 
 87-0 
 
 41-0 
 800 
 
 46-7 
 43-3 
 
 41-8 
 
 36-6 
 
 61-8 
 
 f?l'9 
 
 02-8 
 f.2 
 fiO-B 
 66-8 
 
 62-8 
 43-7 
 
 46-8 
 48-0 
 
 62-1 
 40-2 
 
 40-1 
 
 38-0 
 
 6.-7 
 
 (f7 2 
 72-8 
 77-6 
 72-3 
 08-9 
 
 73-8 
 01-4 
 
 60-8 
 601 
 
 (53-fl 
 67-2 
 
 62-0 
 
 ((4-3 
 
 80-7 
 
 7«-2 
 
 78-6 
 8.'; -6 
 8.'»2 
 87-4 
 
 87-1 
 81-9 
 
 (57-2 
 
 77-8 
 
 78-9 
 76-4 
 
 74-7 
 
 82-8 
 
 87-4 
 
 8(1' 2 
 87 
 89'(} 
 92 '2 
 93'8 
 
 9e'3 
 89 '« 
 
 78(5 
 871 
 
 Sfl'l 
 83'4 
 
 870 
 
 95-2 
 
 96.7 
 
 72-3 
 
 7;-. 1 
 
 7:J« 
 7.'. -4 
 
 79-9 
 liir?. 
 
 r/) C 
 fi9-4 
 
 72 4 
 09-2 
 
 68-G 
 
 72 4 
 
 77-7 
 
 r/1'9 
 
 .-■,7 -2 
 
 r/>-9 
 .v;-8 
 .07-3 
 
 .08-8 
 4« 4 
 
 ."-,4-2 
 6«-9 
 
 59-1 
 .06 -9 
 
 55 
 
 43 4 
 
 57-7 
 
 47-3 
 44-6 
 41-2 
 43 
 4fr7 
 
 44-6 
 
 38-8 
 
 44-6 
 41-3 
 
 48-3 I 
 48-1 ! 
 
 45-0 
 
 30-0 
 
 45 3 
 
 «?11 
 
 Oodorluh 
 
 i mi 
 
 WoO(]NtO(!k 
 
 j 02-8 
 
 Pat«rbHrou|{h 
 
 Pull) broke 
 
 i 061 
 
 QtlKIIRO. 
 
 Montreal 
 
 i06 1 
 
 (juoboc 
 
 i ao-6 
 
 NKW liHtlNHWlCK, 
 
 Ht. John 
 
 700 
 
 UaHH HIvor 
 
 88-e 
 
 Nova Kootia. 
 HulKux 
 
 1 f»i 
 
 8j dnoy 
 
 1 85-6 
 
 PKINOR KDWAIID iHIiANI) 
 
 Charlottetown 
 
 Manitoba. 
 Winnipeg 
 
 670 
 Wl 
 
 British Coluhbia. 
 Spence's Bridge, ) 
 Tnompaon Hiver f ' ' 
 
 06 7 
 
44 
 
 m I, 
 
 Averages of the Lowest Temperature in each Month and Year for various placea 
 in the Dominion of Canada /ram three or more years. 
 
 Ontario, 
 
 Toronto 
 
 Ooderich 
 
 Woodstock 
 
 Peterborough 
 
 Pembroke 
 
 QUKBBO. 
 
 Montreal 
 
 Quebec 
 
 Nbw Brunswick. 
 
 St, John 
 
 Bass River 
 
 Nova Scotia. 
 
 Halifax 
 
 Sydney 
 
 Princk Edward Ibland 
 
 Charlottetown . . .... 
 
 Manitoba. 
 
 Winnipeg 
 
 fiRiTiau Columbia. 
 
 Spence's Bridge 
 
 Jan. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 Mar. 
 
 April. 
 
 May. 
 
 June. 
 
 July. 
 
 Aug, 
 
 Sept. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 Nov. 
 
 Dea 
 
 
 - ?-l 
 
 - 1-8 
 
 - 7-6 
 
 - 20-7 
 -32-7 
 
 - ?-4 
 
 - 1-1 
 
 - 18-0 
 
 - 16-6 
 -26-6 
 
 U 
 21 
 6-2 
 
 - Ill 
 
 - 28-2 
 
 19-2 
 21-6 
 22-2 
 16-8 
 U-0 
 
 «)-6 
 28-4 
 28-6 
 27-1 
 20-8 
 
 o 
 
 88-3 
 891 
 360 
 36'7 
 36-1 
 
 o 
 
 4((-4 
 Hi* 
 42-2 
 43-2 
 44-4 
 
 
 
 44-4 
 44-6 
 441 
 36-7 
 37-8 
 
 34-3 
 30-3 
 296 
 28-2 
 30 
 
 24-9 
 28-8 
 202 
 163 
 20-3 
 
 o 
 
 14-8 
 
 139 
 
 11 
 
 1-0 
 
 00 
 
 - 1-7 
 
 - 2-9 
 
 - 15-5 
 
 - 22-8 
 
 - 26-8 
 
 
 - 18-2 
 
 - 20-3 
 
 - 12-2 
 -17-8 
 
 - 9-6 
 
 - 8-9 
 
 27-4 
 17-6 
 
 37-2 
 80-9 
 
 49-7 
 42-2 
 
 63-4 
 46-6 
 
 620 
 46-6 
 
 41-2 
 36-4 
 
 28-9 
 25-6 
 
 - 3-6 
 3-4 
 
 - 12-3 
 
 - 16-8 
 
 
 -110 
 - 20-2 
 
 - 6-4 
 -16-2 
 
 - 1-2 
 
 - 3-4 
 
 20-2 
 17-4 
 
 81-8 
 25-4 
 
 43 
 400 
 
 40-0 
 47-8 
 
 48-4 
 41-6 
 
 41-0 
 33-7 
 
 25-0 
 20-0 
 
 12-8 
 7-0 
 
 - 58 
 
 - 12-5 
 
 
 - 6-2 
 
 - 6-3 
 
 - 8-0 
 
 - 6-3 
 
 - 0-7 
 
 - 4-3 
 
 19-8 
 14-7 
 
 26-8 
 26-0 
 
 87-6 
 82-8 
 
 50-2 
 88-3 
 
 44-3 
 41-4 
 
 36-6 
 88-6 
 
 26-7 
 24-7 
 
 16-7 
 19-7 
 
 1-9 
 - 51 
 
 
 -16-0 
 
 -16-7 
 
 - 2-0 
 
 14-7 
 
 27-7 
 
 36-0 
 
 44-9 
 
 46-1 
 
 39-4 
 
 32-2 
 
 13-7 
 
 - 8-7 
 
 
 -86-9 
 
 -88-2 
 
 -29-8 
 
 1-0 
 
 25-4 
 
 381 
 
 41-2 
 
 40-4 
 
 26-1 
 
 8-1 
 
 - 28-8 
 
 -34-2 
 
 
 - 7-7 
 
 - 6-8 
 
 16-6 
 
 31-7 
 
 89-4 
 
 47-0 
 
 63-0 
 
 49-7 
 
 36-8 
 
 27-0 
 
 2-3 
 
 - 2-7 
 
 
 Year. 
 
 12-1 
 8-8 
 18-2 
 25-9 
 37-8 
 
 17-2 
 23-5 
 
 10-6 
 22-6 
 
 8-8 
 9-8 
 
 16-5 
 
 38-6 
 
 16-7 
 
 Monthly and Annual Rain-fall in Inches for various places in the Dominion of 
 
 Canada from three or more years. 
 
 
 Jan. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 Mar. 
 
 April. 
 
 May. 
 
 June. 
 
 July. 
 
 Aug. 
 
 Sept. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 Nov. 
 
 Dec. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Toronto 
 
 1-23 
 0-66 
 0-59 
 0-64 
 015 
 0-04 
 0-25 
 2- 13 
 
 i-se 
 
 8-66 
 3-49 
 2-27 
 0-00 
 0-08 
 
 0-89 
 0-66 
 0-68 
 0-36 
 0-16 
 0-42 
 0-00 
 2-86 
 0-61 
 3-39 
 3-16 
 0-68 
 0-00 
 019 
 
 1-62 
 1-39 
 1-81 
 1-01 
 0-56 
 1-41 
 0-42 
 2-23 
 0-92 
 2-91 
 2-20 
 112 
 0-33 
 000 
 
 2-44 
 1-81 
 1-60 
 1-89 
 1-33 
 1-30 
 1-17 
 3-14 
 2-13 
 8-10 
 4-08 
 0-97 
 0-80 
 0-21 
 
 8-25 
 3-38 
 304 
 1-96 
 306 
 2-26 
 2-52 
 4-51 
 2-83 
 4-17 
 3-46 
 2-44 
 2-72 
 078 
 
 2-98 
 2-39 
 2-46 
 203 
 2-28 
 3-01 
 1-11 
 3-00 
 3-30 
 3-04 
 316 
 8-79 
 3-84 
 0-81 
 
 8-26 
 2-94 
 2-96 
 2-46 
 2-51 
 226 
 2-52 
 8-45 
 2-63 
 2-37 
 8-42 
 2-92 
 2-75 
 0-25 
 
 8-02 
 2-78 
 4-41 
 2-60 
 2-86 
 3-62 
 4-27 
 3-89 
 3-77 
 8-61 
 5-07 
 8-48 
 2-12 
 0-47 
 
 3-72 
 
 3-28 
 
 2-03 
 
 3-22 
 
 3-21 
 
 3-9 
 
 2-81 
 
 4-38 
 
 2-58 
 
 3-69 
 
 5-48 
 
 3.04 
 
 8-73 
 
 0-32 
 
 2-39 
 2-46 
 2-64 
 2-93 
 2-58 
 375 
 2-80 
 4-08 
 4-88 
 5-02 
 5-04 
 4-62 
 0-54 
 0-20 
 
 2-98 
 1-44 
 0-96 
 1-81 
 109 
 2-66 
 0-05 
 5-33 
 3-78 
 4-68 
 6-88 
 2-46 
 000 
 0-37 
 
 105 
 0-84 
 0-82 
 0-65 
 0-21 
 0-85 
 0-00 
 2-67 
 1-15 
 3-44 
 4-03 
 1-06 
 0-00 
 0-20 
 
 29-42 
 
 Ooderich 
 
 23-92 
 
 Woodstock 
 
 24-28 
 
 Peterborough 
 
 20-55 
 
 Pembroke 
 
 10-49 
 
 Montreal 
 
 27-26 
 
 Quebec 
 
 19-26 
 
 St. John 
 
 33-27 
 
 Bass River 
 
 29-78 
 
 Halifax 
 
 43 08 
 
 Sydney 
 
 49-42 
 
 Charlottetown 
 
 Winnipeg 
 
 29-76 
 16-83 
 
 Spence's Bridge 
 
 8-88 
 
 Average Fall of Snow in the several Provinces of the Dominion of Canada, with 
 the numJier of Days' Snow, and number of Days' Rain. 
 
 
 Depth of Snow in inches. 
 
 Total 
 Snow 
 
 in 
 Season. 
 
 No. of 
 Days' 
 Snow. 
 
 No. of 
 Days- 
 Rain. 
 
 
 Sept. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 Nov. 
 
 Dec. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 Mar. 
 
 April. 
 
 May. 
 
 Ontario 
 
 8-i 
 
 2-2 
 2-0 
 1-8 
 0-8 
 
 4-8 
 
 18-6 
 13-9 
 10-1 
 
 4-0 
 12-6 
 11-6 
 
 6-0 
 
 20-1 
 28-2 
 31-9 
 21-9 
 29-9 
 8-9 
 8-7 
 
 26-1 
 81-8 
 19-2 
 17-6 
 16-6 
 7-4 
 100 
 
 14-9 
 16-4 
 19-6 
 18-9 
 22-1 
 13-4 
 6-6 
 
 19.9 
 17-5 
 16-3 
 11-8 
 17-6 
 9-7 
 3-3 
 
 2-2 
 
 8-8 
 10-2 
 13-8 
 17-2 
 
 3-6 
 
 S 
 
 S 
 
 1-4 
 0-8 
 1-1 
 0-6 
 0-0 
 0-0 
 
 96-9 
 115-0 
 108-4 
 
 92-4 
 112-4 
 
 62-5 
 
 33-5 
 
 68 
 60 
 68 
 52 
 •78 
 59 
 27 
 
 89 
 
 Quebec 
 
 94 
 
 New Brunswick 
 
 Nova Scotia. 
 
 Prince Edward Island . 
 
 Manitoba 
 
 British Columbia. 
 
 107 
 
 117 
 
 129 
 
 62 
 
 66 
 
46 
 
 placea 
 
 ec 
 
 Year. 
 
 I-7 
 2-9 
 16-6 
 
 22'8 
 Z6-8 
 
 - ll-l 
 
 - 8-8 
 
 - 18-2 
 
 - 25-9 
 
 - 37-3 
 
 12-3 
 16-8 
 
 - 17-2 
 
 - 23-5 
 
 5-8 
 12-5 
 
 - 10-6 
 
 - 22-6 
 
 1-9 
 51 
 
 - 8-8 
 
 - 9-8 
 
 8-7 
 
 -16-5 
 
 34-2 
 
 -38-6 
 
 2-7 
 
 - 16-7 
 
 lion of 
 
 [)ec. 
 
 Year. 
 
 •06 
 
 29-42 
 
 >-84 
 
 23-92 
 
 )-82 
 
 24-28 
 
 >«5 
 
 20-55 
 
 )-21 
 
 19-49 
 
 )-85 
 
 27-26 
 
 )-00 
 
 19-26 
 
 !-67 
 
 33-27 
 
 1-15 
 
 29-78 
 
 t-44 
 
 43-08 
 
 1-03 
 
 49-42 
 
 L'06 
 
 29-75 
 
 )-00 
 
 16-83 
 
 )-20 
 
 3-88 
 
 '/x, with 
 
 of 
 
 No. of 
 
 rs' 
 w. 
 
 I 
 
 Days' 
 
 89 
 
 > 
 
 94 
 
 t 
 
 107 
 
 
 117 
 
 i 
 
 129 
 
 > 
 
 62 
 
 ' 
 
 66 
 
 I 
 
 .3 
 
 9k 
 
 s 
 
 
 
 c 
 
 .2 
 
 I 
 
 
 ! 
 
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 April 
 March 
 April 
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 April 
 11 
 
 '1 
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 June 
 
 March 
 
 II 
 
 Feb. 
 
 II 
 
 March 
 April 
 
 11 
 
 March 
 April 
 
 1. 
 II 
 
 March 
 
 April 
 
 II 
 
 II 
 
 
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48 
 
 Table showing the nvmber of days on which the mean temperature has been 
 
 below Zero, 30*', 40«>, d:c. • 
 
 To find the number of days on which the mean temperature was above any given 
 temperature, subtract the number of days on which it was below that temperature from 
 365, — thus, the number of days on which it was above 60 was :— 3G5 — 249= 116. 
 
 Similarly to find the number of days on which the temperature was between (say) 
 SO" and 70«> in 1877 :— 320— 249=71. 
 
 i ) 
 
 Yrar 
 
 At and be- 
 
 At and 
 
 At and 
 
 At and 
 
 At and 
 
 At and 
 
 At and 
 
 At and 
 
 
 low Zero. 
 
 below 32°. 
 
 below 40°. 
 
 below 60°. 
 
 below 60". 
 
 below 70°. 
 
 below 80°. 
 
 below 90.' 
 
 1875 
 
 23 
 
 145 
 
 186 
 
 239 
 
 262 
 
 336 
 
 365 
 
 365 
 
 1876 
 
 11 
 
 118 
 
 181 
 
 228 
 
 275 
 
 317 
 
 3G2 
 
 366 
 
 1877 
 
 7 
 
 110 
 
 163 
 
 208 
 
 249 
 
 320 
 
 365 
 
 365 
 
 1878 
 
 5 
 
 95 
 
 156 
 
 190 
 
 253 
 
 330 
 
 362 
 
 365 
 
 1879 
 
 9 
 
 137 
 
 164 
 
 198 
 
 264 
 
 342 
 
 365 
 
 365 
 
 1880 
 
 12 
 
 130 
 
 173 
 
 206 
 
 252 
 
 307 
 
 306 
 
 366 
 
 Means 
 
 11 
 
 122 
 
 170 
 
 211 
 
 259 
 
 325 
 
 364 
 
 365 
 
 During the months November, December, January, February, and March, (in 1875-80) 
 
 The mean number of days on which the mean temperature was below zero was 11 
 
 .< " « « u 32« « 118 
 
 i( (t II II 11 40« « 146 
 
 « II « II II 50° « 151 
 
 During the months April, May, and October — 
 
 The mean number of days on which the mean temperature was below zero was 
 
 « 
 
 u 
 
 <l 
 
 II 
 
 u 
 
 l< 
 
 u 
 
 II 
 
 (1 
 
 II 
 
 II 
 
 11 
 
 u 
 
 II 
 
 <i 
 
 II 
 
 « 
 
 II 
 
 « 
 
 II 
 
 II 
 
 II 
 
 II 
 
 II 
 
 II 
 (I 
 II 
 (I 
 II 
 II 
 
 32° 
 40" 
 50° 
 60° 
 70° 
 80° 
 
 
 
 5 
 25 
 56 
 79 
 91 
 92 
 
 During the months June, July, August, and September — 
 
 The mean number of days on which the mean temperature was below 40° 
 
 a (< u << << 50° 
 
 11 i( II <( i< 60° 
 
 « II II » i( 11 70° 
 
 (( II u K II 80° 
 
 u II II II II 90° 
 
 was 
 
 " 
 " 28 
 " 83 
 " 121 
 « 122 
 
 The mean temp, of the air during Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. and Mar. (1875 to 1880) was 211' 
 
 << max. 
 
 
 II 
 
 << min. 
 
 
 II 
 
 II mean. 
 
 
 11 
 
 " max. 
 
 
 II 
 
 « min. 
 
 
 <i 
 
 II mean 
 
 
 II 
 
 « max. 
 
 
 IC 
 
 « min. 
 
 
 « 
 
 II II 
 
 II II 
 
 April, May, and October, 
 
 II II 
 
 II II 
 
 June, July, Aug. and Sept. 
 II II 
 
 « « 
 
 595° 
 25-2° 
 47.40 
 
 85-6° 
 8 5° 
 64-4° 
 92-2« 
 331» 
 
GENERAL SUMMARY 
 
 or 
 
 CANADIAN COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY. 
 
 I.-ITEMS IN THE POSTAL SERVICE. 
 
 
 
 5 
 25 
 56 
 79 
 91 
 92 
 
 S 
 
 
 28 
 83 
 " 121 
 « 122 
 
 21-1° 
 595° 
 25-2" 
 47.40 
 
 85-6» 
 8 5«» 
 64-4«' 
 92-2« 
 SSI* 
 
 TRADE AND INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS. 
 
 The trade and commerce of a country may be looked upon as indicative, to a 
 large extent, of its general material prosperity ; while the strength of the current 
 of advancement among the population is to be inferred from other data. It was 
 said by a Finance Minister of this Dominion, with a great deal of truth, that 
 the statistics of the Postal Department in any nation p e, perhaps, a fairer index 
 of the progressive intelligence and enterprise of the people, than are the more 
 direct records of expanding commerce. As introductory, therefore, to the various 
 geobial commercial statements which comprise this Preliminary Paper, it may 
 be apposite to refer to the following comprehennive summary, relative to the postal 
 service of the Dominion during the past five fiscal years : — 
 
 No. ol Post Offices 
 
 No. of Miles of Mail Route 
 
 No. of Miles travelled by Mail 
 
 No. of letters by post 
 
 No. of Postal Cards 
 
 Newspapers from Office of Publication, lbs 
 Newspapera and niiscellaneous, otherwise 
 
 than from Office of Publication, No 
 
 No. of registered letters posted in tlie year 
 
 Amount of Postal Revenue 
 
 Amount of Expenditures 
 
 Amount Money Order issues 
 
 Amount at deposit on 30th June, in Post 
 
 Office Savings Banks 
 
 1877-78. 
 
 5,378 
 
 l.'),427,323 
 
 44,000,000 
 
 6,4.')5,000 
 
 3,720,408 
 
 11,342,740 
 1,980,000 
 .«ll, 020.022 
 .^,110,:!()5 
 ^,130,805 
 
 $2,574,484 
 
 1878-79. 
 
 5,606 
 
 39,698 
 
 10,li56,034 
 
 43,900,000 
 
 0,940,000 
 
 4,085,454 
 
 10,()04,000 
 1,980,000 
 81,534,363 
 tf2,167,26« 
 80,788,723 
 
 83,105,190 
 
 1879-80. 
 
 6,733 
 
 40,611 
 
 16,466,939 
 
 45,800,000 
 
 7,800,000 
 
 4,361,118 
 
 11,.311,000 
 2,040,000 
 .<!l, 648,017 
 82,286,611 
 87,207,335 
 
 $3,945,669 
 
 1880-81. 
 
 6,935 
 
 41,681 
 
 17,068,241 
 
 48,170,000 
 
 9,640,000 
 
 4,745,452 
 
 12,311,500 
 2,253,000 
 Sl,767,162 
 82,332,399 
 87,725,210 
 
 86,208,226 
 
 1881-82. 
 
 6,171 
 
 43,097 
 
 18,001,996 
 
 56,200,000 
 
 11,300,000 
 
 4,855,000 
 
 14,730,000 
 2,450,000 
 82,022,098 
 82,459,356 
 88,354,162 
 
 19,473,661 
 
 The aggregate of letters and post cards for the year 1881-82 show the re- 
 markable increase of 10,000,000, or 17 per cent, over that of the previous year. 
 Newspapers and periodicals printed and published in Canada, and posted from 
 office of publication, have, since the 1st June, 1882, been carried /ree. The postal 
 revenue for 1881*82 shows an increase of 8254,935, equal to 12J per cent, advance 
 oc the preceding year's collections. It is note-worthy that in Manitoba the 
 •postages nearly doubled in the last year. The total expenditure for 1881-82 
 increased $126,957, being about 5^ per cent, above that for 1880-81. The 
 
 i 
 
 ;, 
 
 %ih 
 
 e 
 
50 
 
 revenue fell short ol the expenditure by $437,258 ; in the three years ended 30th 
 June, 1882, the postal revenue has increased rather more than 20 per cent., and 
 the expenditure only 7^ per cent; if this relative rate of increase can be main- 
 tained the Department will be self-sustaining in a few years. The figures of the 
 Savings Bank department most markedly indicate the prosperity of the wages- 
 earning population, the deposits on 31st December, 1882, being $10,840,642, 
 exactly double what they were in March, 1881 ; the average amount standing 
 to each account on 30th June, 1882, was $184t''A, which is an increase of 52 
 per cent, over the previous year, while the number of depositors has increased 
 30 per cent. 
 
 I l.-CHARTERED BANKS, &C. 
 
 FINANCIAL AND COMMERCIAL EXPANSION. 
 
 Referring to the tables on pp. 51, 52, the following very interesting particu- 
 lars show how greatly Canadian financial institutions have expanded, and prospered, 
 during the past quarter of a century. They relate to the 
 
 Banks in the Provinces of Ontario and Quebec. 
 
 Paid-op Capital Jhhc, 1858 §17,588,000 
 
 April, 1883 54,700,000 
 
 CiRCDLATiON June, 1858 7,800,000 
 
 April, 1883 35,500,000 
 
 Banks 29,200,000 
 
 Government .... 6,300,000 
 
 DRPOSiTb June, 1858. 
 
 Banks 98,300,000 
 
 Post Office 1 1,300,000 
 
 Loan Companies. 13,400,000 
 
 Savings Banks . . 10,000,000 
 
 9,100,000 
 
 April, 1883 133,000,000 
 
 Discounts June, 18f 
 
 30,100,000 
 160,000,000 
 
 April, 1883 
 
 It may appropriately be noted here, that the progressive enlargement in 
 the import and export trade of Canada has been in even a greater ratio, as 
 shown by the subjoined figures covering a period of thirty-three years. 
 
 Trade Totals — Imports and Exports. 
 
 1850 $40,000,000 
 
 1888 130,000,000 
 
 1882 '. 221,556,703 
 
 The trade in 1881 was larger in proportion to population than that of the 
 United States ; while the shipping (''n proportion to population) was more than 
 ibur times as large. 
 
51 
 
 ,100,000 
 J,000,000 
 
 
 STATEMENT OF BANKS ACTING UNDER CHARTER, 
 
 for the inonth ending ^\st Mai/, 1883, according to the Returns /uniished bi/ 
 
 them to the Department of Finance. 
 
 NAME OP BANK. 
 
 Capital 
 
 Aut '.oriz- 
 
 ed. 
 
 Capital 
 Subscrib- 
 ed. 
 
 Capital 
 Paid-up. 
 
 Reiierve 
 Fund. 
 
 Total 
 Liabilities. 
 
 Total 
 
 Assets. 
 
 Uivid'U 
 (iccla'il 
 Kate 
 p.c, per 
 <iinuin. 
 
 ONTARIO. 
 
 Bank of Toronto 
 
 Canadian Bk. of Commerce 
 Dominion Bank 
 
 .$2,000,000 
 6,000,000 
 l,.=iOO,000 
 
 i,r)00,ooo 
 
 2,000,000 
 3,000,000 
 1,.')00,000 
 1,000,000 
 1,000,000 
 1,000,000 
 
 .$2,000,000 
 
 6,000,000 
 
 1,. 500,000 
 
 1,500,000 
 
 764, (iOO 
 
 2,966,800 
 
 1,500,000 
 
 1,000,000 
 
 942,600 
 
 500,000 
 
 52,000,000 
 
 6,000,000 
 
 1,499,607 
 
 1,.500,000 
 
 764,600 
 
 2,787,810 
 
 1,.500,(X)0 
 
 976,510 
 
 840,291 
 
 200,000 
 
 $1,060,000 
 
 1,650,000 
 
 850,000 
 
 335,000 
 
 80,000 
 
 1,450,000 
 
 650,000 
 
 200,000 
 
 60,000 
 
 Nil. 
 
 $ 5,799,675.01 
 17,484,444.8*^ 
 6,282,482.21 
 4,8.50,()82.94 
 2,(a5,176.33 
 9,292,.S81.40 
 .5,013,061.74 
 2,389,294.0!) 
 1,7.57,271.68 
 228,988.55 
 
 e 8,!71,732.47 
 
 25,}K)2,324.16 
 
 8,742,084.73 
 
 6,83(i,0<i0.79 
 
 3,583,266.62 
 
 13,716,401. («i 
 
 7,281,8,53.78 
 
 3,645,534.76 
 
 2,7.58,211.31 
 
 435,092.17 
 
 ^8 
 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 Ontario 
 
 6 
 
 Standard Bank 
 
 
 Federal Bank 
 
 7 
 
 Imperial Bank of Canada . . 
 
 Bank of Hamilton 
 
 Bank of Ottawa 
 
 8 
 7 
 6 
 
 Western Bank of Canada. . 
 
 7 
 
 Total Ontario 
 
 QUEBEC. 
 Bank of Montreal 
 
 20,500,000 
 
 12,000,000 
 
 4,8«6,6«) 
 
 1,600,000 
 
 .'•.00,000 
 
 i;oo,ooo 
 
 1,000,000 
 .500,000 
 2,000,000 
 6,006,000 
 2,000,000 
 3,000,000 
 2,000,000 
 1,000,000 
 1,000,000 
 1,500,000 
 
 18,674,000 
 
 12,000,000 
 
 4,866,666 
 
 1,600,000 
 
 500,000 
 
 500,000 
 
 685,200 
 
 500,000 
 
 2,000,000 
 
 5,798,267 
 
 2,000,000 
 
 2,500,000 
 
 2,000,000 
 
 540,000 
 
 504,600 
 
 1,479,600 
 
 18,068,818 
 
 12,000,000 
 
 4,806,666 
 
 1,600,000 
 
 500,000 
 
 464,300 
 
 685,200 
 
 500,000 
 
 2,000,000 
 
 5,714,506 
 
 2,000,000 
 
 2,500,000 
 
 2,000,000 
 
 220,090 
 
 260,740 
 
 l,3i)9,7;<9 
 
 6,335,000 
 
 5,7.50,000 
 
 889,718 
 
 Nil. 
 
 140,000 
 20,000 
 50,000 
 
 2.50,000 
 
 425,000 
 1,1,50,000 
 Nil. 
 
 325,000 
 30,000 
 10,000 
 35,000 
 
 270,000 
 
 55,733,458.83 
 
 23,731,654.16 
 
 6,265,468.00 
 
 1,982,243.48 
 
 1,.505,187.37 
 
 7.57,338. 6(i 
 
 990,401.21 
 
 2,901,249.14 
 
 7,211,723.28 
 
 13,0,53,307.00 
 
 2,695,097.16 
 
 5,027,871.05 
 
 3,303,998.14 
 
 368,.551.84 
 
 800,499.16 
 
 3,209,692.21 
 
 81,872,562.47 
 
 42,526,.505.78 
 
 11,402,.302.00 
 
 3,735,772.24 
 
 2,176,927.23 
 
 1,248,280.15 
 
 1,7.57,6.34.11 
 
 3,831,702.23 
 
 9,8.52,590.34 
 
 23,180,f»60.2(; 
 
 4,711,113.62 
 
 8,038,0.51.11 
 
 5,444,020.93 
 
 623,(«i3.30 
 
 1,12.5,024.25 
 
 5,029.430.49 
 
 10 
 
 Bank of British N. America 
 
 Banquo du Peuple 
 
 Banque Jacques-Cartier. . . 
 
 Banque Ville-Marie 
 
 Banque d'Hochelajfa 
 
 Exchange Bank of Canada. 
 Molsons Bank 
 
 (i 
 5 
 
 7 
 6 
 (i 
 8 
 8 
 
 Merchants' Bank of Canada 
 
 Banque Nationale 
 
 Quebec Bank 
 
 Union Bk. of Low. Canada 
 
 Banque de St. .lean 
 
 Banquo do St. Hyacintho. . 
 Eastern Townships Bank . . 
 
 7 
 NIL 
 
 7 
 6 
 (i 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 Total, Quebec 
 
 Total, Ontario 
 
 30,466,666 
 20,500,000 
 
 37,474,333 
 18,674,000 
 
 36,717,242 
 18,068,818 
 
 9,344,718 
 6,335,000 
 
 73,804,281.80 
 55,733,4.58.83 
 
 121,774,.578.04 
 81,872,.5(;2.47 
 
 
 Totp.!, Ont. & Que . . 
 
 NOVA SCOTIA. 
 
 Bank of Nova Scotia 
 
 Merchants' Bank 
 
 59,966,666 
 
 1,000,000 
 1,500,000 
 800,000 
 1,000,000 
 500,000 
 400,000 
 280,000 
 500,000 
 500,000 
 
 56,148,333 
 
 1,000,000 
 l,000,00<^i 
 600,000 
 1,000,000 
 500,000 
 400,000 
 280,000 
 500,000 
 500,000 
 
 54,786,061 
 
 ],000,0CC 
 998,110 
 600,000 
 500,000 
 500,000 
 384,920 
 245,021 
 200,000 
 260,000 
 
 15,679,718 
 
 400,000 
 180,000 
 50,000 
 80,000 
 35,000 
 20,000 
 30,000 
 50,000 
 78,000 
 
 129,537,740.69 
 
 4,010,623.76 
 2,681,862.48 
 645,888.. 55 
 608,348.17 
 1,072,4.55.41 
 395,4,59.77 
 118,323.42 
 873,734.95 
 317,803.40 
 
 203,647,140.51 
 
 5,476,773.12 
 
 3,922,517.50 
 
 I,;i48,(^i6.60 
 
 1,22,5,870.68 
 
 1,602,752.09 
 
 817,487.94 
 
 411,313.17 
 
 1,148,1.58.00 
 
 677,773.29 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 People's Bank 
 
 6 
 
 Union Bank 
 
 6 
 
 Halifax Banking Company. 
 
 Bank of Yarmouth '. . 
 
 Exchange Bk. of Yarmouth 
 Pictou Bank 
 
 () 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 
 Commercial Bk. of Windsor 
 
 8 
 
 Total, Nova Scotia.. 
 
 NEW BRUNSWICK. 
 Bank of New Brunswick . . 
 Maritime B. of Dom. of Can. 
 Pftonle's Bank 
 
 6,480,000 
 
 1,000,000 
 2,000,000 
 
 5,780,000 
 
 1,000,000 
 686,000 
 
 4,688,051 
 
 1,000,000 
 685,800 
 
 923,000 
 
 400,000 
 Nil. 
 
 10,724,440.91 
 
 2,077,6.54.40 
 1,034,504.59 
 
 16,631,293.17 
 
 3,.541,830.70 
 1,348,129.58 
 
 8 
 Nil. 
 
 St. Stephen's Bank 
 
 200,000 
 
 200,900 
 
 200,000 
 
 50,000 
 
 350,069.78 
 
 620,741.66 
 
 8 
 
 Total, N. Brunswick 
 
 3,200,000 
 
 1,886,000 
 
 1,885,800 
 
 450,000 
 
 3,468,228.83 
 
 5,510.701.94 
 
 
 Total, Ontario and Quebec. 
 
 Total, Nova Scotia 
 
 Total, New Brunswick 
 
 Grand Total 
 
 69,066,666 
 6,480,000 
 3,200,000 
 
 69,046,666 
 
 58,148,3C3 
 5,780,000 
 1,886,000 
 
 f«,814,333 
 
 54,786,061 
 4,088,051 
 1,885,800 
 
 61,3.50,912 
 
 15,679,718 
 923,000 
 450,000 
 
 17,062,718 
 
 129,.5.37,740.69 
 
 10,724,499.01 
 
 3,468,228.86 
 
 143,7.S0,469.46 
 
 203,647, 140., 51 
 
 10,631,293 :? 
 
 ,5,.510,70:.94 
 
 ' Bonus 2 per cent.— Equal about to a dividend on the whole year of 10 per cent, 
 
 22.5.780.135.62 
 
 tu 
 
■M 
 
 52 
 
 Highest and Lowest Prices paid on the Montreal Stock Exchange for the leading 
 Bank and Miscellaneous Stocks during the last three i/ears. 
 
 [Transactions of less than 25 shares not included. 1 
 
 BANKS. 
 
 1 Montreal 
 
 2 Ontario 
 
 3 People's 
 
 4 Molsons 
 
 5 Toronto 
 
 fl Jacques-Cftrtier 
 
 7 Merchants 
 
 8 East. Townships 
 
 9 Union 
 
 10 Commerce 
 
 11 Exchange 
 
 12 Federal 
 
 13 Hochelaga 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 14 Montreal Telegraph Co 
 16 Dominion " " 
 
 16 R. &Ont. Nav. Co 
 
 17 Montreal Gas Co 
 
 18 City Pass. R. Co 
 
 19 St. Paul M. &• M. Ry . . 
 
 20 Canada Paper Co 
 
 21 Canada Cotton Co 
 
 22 Dundas " " 
 
 23 Montreal " 
 
 24 Mont. Loan & Mort 
 
 25 Royal C. Ins. Co 
 
 26 Can. N.W. Land Co... 
 
 1882. 
 
 Highest 
 Price. 
 
 214i 
 {120i 
 
 93 
 132 
 19.14 
 125 
 134} 
 123 
 
 99 
 151i 
 185 
 169 
 
 96i 
 
 135 
 
 m\ 
 
 78 
 198i 
 l(!2i 
 tl67 
 130 
 139 
 155 
 180 
 110 
 55} 
 48 
 = 8s. 
 
 18 Mar 
 
 29 Sep 
 2Au 
 
 22 An 
 11 Sep 
 21 Apr 
 
 30 Mar 
 5 J un 
 
 16 J un 
 9 May 
 11 Sep 
 18 Apr 
 30May 
 
 16 May 
 28 Feb 
 
 3 Oct 
 11 Sep 
 
 8 Sep 
 
 11 Sep 
 
 12 Sep 
 24 Jan 
 
 17 Jan 
 
 4 Jan 
 27 Feb 
 20 Dec 
 4 Sep. 
 prem. 
 
 Lowest 
 Price. 
 
 liKiJ 3 Jan 
 
 5»4 23 Jan 
 
 8(i 31 Oct. 
 
 120 9 Jan 
 
 166 10 Jan 
 
 112 15Felj 
 
 118} 21 Dec 
 
 119i22Jun 
 
 921 *^l^ec 
 
 130 21 Dec 
 
 145 8(Fctj 
 
 1.50 22 Dec 
 
 91i 6 Mar 
 
 112 24 Mar 
 
 94i 11 Oct 
 
 49 6 Jan 
 
 144 10 Jan 
 
 118il3Nov 
 
 109 25 Jan 
 
 112i llJuIv 
 
 no 18 Nov 
 
 135 17Fel) 
 
 150 31 Aug 
 
 104^^18 Sep 
 
 48i 2Auf; 
 
 tt42"l2Dec 
 
 = I8s. disct. 
 
 1881. 
 
 Highest 
 Price. 
 
 215| O.May 
 
 103i 13 May 
 
 97" 27 May 
 
 120 23 Nov 
 
 173il6I)ec 
 
 115 29 Dec 
 
 130i 14 Nov 
 
 123" 15 Dec 
 
 97 -i 25 May 
 
 1.56.i 16 May 
 
 tl44} 6 Dec 
 
 168 7 Dec 
 
 135 17 Ana 
 100 7 Sep 
 69 25 July 
 143 4 Aug 
 1.58 5 Jan 
 
 125 
 165 
 140 
 220 
 112 
 
 9 May 
 
 9 Dec 
 
 15 Feb 
 
 12 May 
 
 11 Apr 
 
 57i 12 Apr 
 
 Lowest 
 Price. 
 
 170 
 55 
 iK) 
 
 104 
 
 142 
 96 
 
 116 
 
 114 
 89 
 
 132 
 61 
 
 137 
 
 3 Jan 
 
 17 Oct 
 15July 
 
 18 Jan 
 9 Feb 
 3 Jan 
 
 28 Jan 
 25 Jan 
 3 Jan 
 17 Jan 
 28 Jan 
 15 Feb 
 
 114J26Apr 
 
 88 11 Jan 
 
 40 17 Oct 
 
 109i 2 Feb 
 
 134} 26 Apr 
 
 115 8 Jan 
 120 14 Apr 
 115 25 Oct 
 158i 29 Aug 
 105 22 Dec 
 50 7 Oct 
 
 1880. 
 
 Highest 
 Price. 
 
 168} 30 Dec 
 103 26 Nov 
 
 95J 20 Nov 
 108 23 Nov 
 144i 2 Dec 
 101 17 Nov 
 120 24 Nov 
 117 24 Nov 
 101 17 Nov 
 143J 25 Nov 
 
 71 4 Nov 
 127i 22 Nov 
 
 139 25 Nov 
 
 94 26 Nov 
 
 67} 24 Nov 
 
 158 24 Nov 
 
 121} 25 Nov 
 
 112 
 
 58 
 
 24 Nov 
 
 26 Nov 
 
 Lowest 
 Price. 
 
 130} 21 Apr 
 70 10 Jan 
 57il9Jart 
 76 14 Jan 
 
 121 J 28 Jan 
 .59 5 Jan 
 83} 7 Jan 
 98 5 Jan 
 68 27 Apr 
 
 114J22.Jan 
 40 28Jun 
 
 106} 21 Apr 
 
 87i^ 24 Jan 
 64 2Jun 
 371 6 Feb 
 109 5 Jan 
 75 19 Jan 
 
 94 27 Jan 
 
 [48 13 May 
 I & 22 July 
 
 ■ Ex Dividend. t On reduced capital, 
 
 t Ex $5,000,000 issue of New Stock. 
 
 t Ex 50 p.c. reduction of Capital, 
 tt Ex call of £1 per share. 
 
 Ill.-INLAND COMMUNICATIONS BY RAILWAYS 
 
 AND CANALS. 
 
 RAILWAY PASSENGER AND FREIGHT TRAFFIC. 
 
 The following table shows the total miles of railway in each of the past 
 eight years, — also the train mileage, number of passengers and tons of freight 
 carried, — earnings, operating expenses, and paid-up capital : — 
 
 Year 
 
 ending 
 
 30 June. 
 
 Total miles 
 
 of 
 
 roads. 
 
 Train 
 Mileage. 
 
 Number 
 
 of 
 
 Passengers. 
 
 Tons 
 
 of 
 
 Freiglit. 
 
 Aggregate 
 Earnings. 
 
 Operating 
 Expenses. 
 
 Paid-up 
 Capita . 
 
 1875.. 
 
 4,8 26 J 
 5,157} 
 
 5,574 
 
 6,143J 
 
 6,484| 
 
 6,891J 
 
 7,260 
 
 7,530J 
 
 17,680,168 
 18,10.3,628 
 19,450,81 3 
 19,669,447 
 20,731,689 
 22,427,449 
 27,301,306 
 27,846,411 
 
 5,190,416 
 5,544,814 
 6,073,233 
 6,443,924 
 6,523,816 
 6,462,948 
 6,94.3,671 
 9,352,335 
 
 5,670,836 
 6,331,757 
 6,859,796 
 7,883,472 
 8,.348,810 
 9,938,858 
 12,065,323 
 13,575,787 
 
 $19,470,539 
 19,358,084 
 18,742,053 
 20,520,078 
 19,925,066 
 23,561,447 
 27,987,509 
 29,027,789 
 
 $15,775,532 
 15,802,721 
 15,290,091 
 16,100,102 
 16,188,102 
 16,840,705 
 20,121,418 
 22,390,708 
 
 
 1876.. 
 1877.. 
 1878.. 
 1879.. 
 1880.. 
 1881.. 
 1882.. 
 
 $317,795,468 
 326,328,976 
 ,360,617,186 
 362,086,138 
 371,051,192 
 389,285,700 
 415,611,810 
 
63 
 
 The following comparative statement of Passenger and Freight Traffic is 
 from the report of the Chief Engineer and General Manager of the Government 
 Railways : — 
 
 Name ok Railway. 
 
 Passenubrs Carried. 
 
 Tons of Freight. 
 
 
 1881-82. 
 
 1880-81. 
 
 1881-82. 
 
 1880-81. 
 
 Orand Trunk and leased lines 
 
 2,710,963 
 2,289,028 
 779,994 
 312,331 
 476,878 
 126,111 
 145,649 
 
 2,179,793 
 1,838,788 
 631,245 
 260,000 
 411,847 
 116,554 
 111,076 
 
 3,595,192 
 2,741,166 
 838,596 
 2,129,733 
 614,042 
 237,845 
 124,560 
 
 3,295,288 
 
 2,572,052 
 
 725,577 
 
 Great Western do 
 
 Intercolonial 
 
 Canada Southern 
 
 2.135.811 
 
 Northern and North-western 
 
 562,309 
 202.005 
 
 Midland 
 
 Toronto, Grey and Bruce 
 
 116,487 
 
 
 
 The total number of passengers carried was 9,352,335^ against 6,943,671, 
 showing an increase of 2,408,664^, or 34*68 per cent, over the year 1880-81 ; 
 and the tonnage of freight handled was 13,575,787 tons, against 12,065,323, 
 showing an increase of 1,510,364 tons, or 12-51 per cent. 
 
 it 
 
 ■ • • • < 
 
 95,468 
 128,976 
 117,186 
 86,138 
 51,192 
 185,700 
 11,810 
 
 CANADIAN CANAL SYSTEM AND INLAND NAVIGATION. 
 
 The great lake and river system of Canada has been made continuously navi- 
 gable for a distance of 2,384 statute miles, by a connecting chain of ten canals, 
 comprising 71f miles of artificial navigation. This system extends from the 
 Straits of Belle-Isle to Thunder Bay, at the head of Lake Superior. 
 
 The following table of distances indicates also the respective positions of 
 these canals : — 
 
 Statute Miles. 
 
 Straits of Belle-Isle to Father Point 643 
 
 Father Point to Rimouski 6 
 
 Rimouski to Quebec 177 
 
 Quebec to Three Rivers (or tide-water) 74 
 
 Three Rivers to Montreal 88 
 
 Lachine Canal 8* 
 
 Lachine to Beauharnois 151 
 
 Beauharnois Canal llj 
 
 St. Cecile to Cornwall 32| 
 
 Cornwall Canal 11* 
 
 River and Farran's Point Canals ICf 
 
 Rapide Plat Canal 4 
 
 River and Point Iroquois Canal 7* 
 
 Junction and Galops Canal 4| 
 
 Prescott to Kingston 66| 
 
 Kingston to Port Dalhousie 170 
 
 Port nalhousie to Port Colborne (VVelland Canal) 27 
 
 Port Colborne to Amherstburg 232 
 
 Amherstburg to Windsor 18 
 
 Windsor to Foot of St. Mary's Island 25 
 
 Foot of St. Mary's Island to Sarnia 33 
 
 Sarnia to Foot of St. Joseph Island 270 
 
 Foot of St. Joseph's Island to Sault St. Mary 47 
 
 Sault St. Mary Canal ; 1 
 
 Head of Sault St. Mary to Point aux Pins 7 
 
 Point aux Pins to Duluth 390 
 
 Total 2,384 
 
 if 
 
54 
 
 Distances to Liverpool. — Add to this table the 2,234 statute miles' distance from 
 the Straits to Liverpool, and it gives a total navigable length of 4,618 miles from Duluth 
 to Liverpool. 
 
 DuTBRENOB OF Lbvels — The difference in level to be overcome, to where tidal in- 
 fluence ceases, is about 600 feet. Of this, the Canadian Canals, with a total number of 
 53 locks, overcome a height of 533} feet. The one mile long Sault Ste. Marie Canal 
 built by the United States, has one lock, lifting 18 feet. 
 
 Size op Looks. — The size of the Locks in this system ranges from 200 to 270 feet 
 in length, by 45 feet in width. The depth of water is from 9 to 14 feet, and the Govern- 
 ment intends to make the whole route fit for vessels of 12 to 14 feet draught of water. 
 
 Ottawa Canals. — There is besides, the canal route from Montreal to Ottawa and 
 Kingston; a total of 246J miles, with 5y locks exclusive of the Lachine Canal, and a 
 lockage of 533J feet. The new works on this route give 9 feet water in locks 45 by 200 
 feet. 
 
 St. Lawrence and New York. — Canal navigation is secured between the St. 
 Lawrence and New York by means of the Richelieu River and Chambly Canal. This 
 has 9 locks, with 7 feet depth of water ; and connects by Lake Champlain with the 
 United States Erie Canal and the Hudson River; a total of 411 miles. 
 
 Trent Biver Navigation. — Of the Trent River navigation, between Lake Huron 
 and the Bay of Quinte on Lake Ontario, 235 miles, only part has been made navigable, 
 chiefly for the passage of timber; and 155 miles' distance is available for light draft 
 vessels. 
 
 St. Pbter's Canal. — The St. Peter's Canal is cut through an isthmus half-a-mile 
 wide, between St. Peter's Bay on the Atlantic, and the Bras d' Or Lakes of Cape Breton. 
 It has a lock 48 by 200 feet, with a depth of 18 feet, and a breadth of 55 feet. 
 
 TRAFFIC ON CANADIAN CANALS. 
 
 The following statement shows the total traflBc on all the Canadian Canals 
 for eleven years, from 1872 to 1882 inclusive : — 
 
 Year ending 30th June. 
 
 1872 
 1873 
 1874 
 1875 
 1876 
 1877 
 1878 
 1879 
 1880 
 1881 
 1882 
 
 Tons of Freight. 
 
 No. of Passengers. 
 
 3,030,233 
 
 90,644 
 
 3,309,299 
 
 100,374 
 
 3,420,800 
 
 95,895 
 
 2,931,479 
 
 99,206 
 
 2,647,602 
 
 100,227 
 
 2,734,153 
 
 146,376 
 
 2,478,257 
 
 144,370 
 
 2,206,679 
 
 170,401 
 
 2,370,868 
 
 129,137 
 
 2,556,709 
 
 122,507 
 
 2,542,843 
 
 110,787 
 
 Tonnage of Vessels. 
 
 3,721,364 
 3,933,798 
 4,099,874 
 2,570,205 
 3,381,021 
 3,570,698 
 4,310,862 
 3,921,095 
 4,143,047 
 4,283,817 
 4,063,247 
 
 TRAFFIC ON THE UPPER LAKES. 
 
 The extent and nature of tb^ traffic on the Uppci Lakes, as shown by the 
 records of the Sault Ste. Marie ^uaal, deserve more than a passing notice. A 
 few particulars of the trade passing to and from Lake Superior in each of four 
 years (1873, 1874, and 1879, 1880,) will show ao annual aggregate of many 
 millions of dollars. For example : — 
 
55 
 
 Some items of upioard traffic. 
 
 Flour, brls 
 
 Coal, tons 
 
 Coarse Grains, bush 
 Ground Feed, tons . 
 Kerosene Oil, brls. 
 
 1873. 
 
 26,795 
 
 96,780 
 
 309,645 
 
 5,314 
 
 5,738 
 
 1874. 
 
 29,060 
 
 84,326 
 
 29,809 
 
 3,172 
 
 6,078 
 
 1870. 
 
 15,262 
 
 110,704 
 
 291,505 
 
 2,630 
 
 8,200 
 
 1880. 
 
 17,191 
 
 170,501 
 
 312,716 
 
 1,430 
 
 14,752 
 
 Some items of downward traffic. 
 
 Copper, Mass, tons 
 Copper, Ingot, tons 
 Stamp work, tons. 
 Iron Ore, tons .... 
 Pig Iron, tons .... 
 Silver Ore, tons . . . 
 Fish, half brls .... 
 Fish, fresh, cars .. 
 
 Wheat, bush 
 
 Flour, brls 
 
 Feed, tons 
 
 1873. 
 
 1874. 
 
 1879. 
 
 1880. 
 
 2,816 
 
 3,954 
 
 1,440 
 
 1,795 
 
 2,104 
 
 13,345 
 
 16,148 
 
 11,839 
 
 4,007 
 
 8,245 
 
 4,721 
 
 1,959 
 
 504,121 
 
 505,384 
 
 540,075 
 
 670,973 
 
 39,849 
 
 41,905 
 
 6,666 
 
 6,004 
 
 580 
 
 601 
 
 324 
 
 66 
 
 9,228 
 
 43,630 
 
 12,071 
 
 13,508 
 
 
 
 148 
 
 124 
 
 2,119,99*7 
 
 1,470,955 
 
 2,603,666 
 
 2,105,922 
 
 145,897 
 
 259,347 
 
 498,943 
 
 506,459 
 
 214 
 
 970 
 
 1,238 
 
 886 
 
 The dues formerly levied upon craft passing through the Sault Ste. Marie 
 Canal were 2^c. per ton register, whether the vessels passing up or down were 
 light or loaded, and without distinction of nationality. No dues have been levied 
 since 1881. 
 
 The trade carried on between Lake Superior and the other lakes (including 
 Georgian Bay) gave employment, during the season of navigation in 1879, to 
 vessels of all kinds, aggregating 117,156 tons register, — the capacity in 1880 
 being 124,948 tons register. The Secretary has at hand a list of names of all 
 these vessels, showing the number of trips made up and down in each of these 
 years. The following summary will convey all the information needed for 
 the present purpose : — 
 
 Plying between Lower Lakes and Lake Superior. 
 
 1879. 1880. 
 
 Number of Passenger and Mail Steamers 10 12 
 
 Total Registered Tonnage 9,548 12,864 
 
 Number of up and down passages through Canal 246 286 
 
 Number of Steam Barges 32 38 
 
 Total Registered Tonnage 28,206 31,590 
 
 Number of up and down passages through Canal 504 495 
 
 Number of Steam Vessels with Consorts 151 163 
 
 Total Registered Tonnage 63,348 66,721 
 
 Number of up and down passages through Canal 1,323 1,677 
 
 ,1 
 
 B 
 
56 
 
 Plying between Chicago and Lake Superior, 
 
 1870. 
 
 Number of Passenger and Mail Steamers 5 
 
 Total Registered Tonnage 4,453 
 
 Number of ap and down passages through Canal 110 
 
 Canadian Vessels. 
 
 Number of Steamers for Freight and Passengers 11 
 
 Total Registered Tonnage 6,845 
 
 Number of up and down passages through Canal 228 
 
 Number of Steam Vessels with Barges 16 
 
 Total Registered Tonnage 4,760 
 
 Number of up and down passages through Canal 80 
 
 1880. 
 
 5 
 
 4,453 
 
 100 
 
 11 
 
 6,886 
 
 244 
 
 13 
 
 3,482 
 
 41 
 
 Statement showing the amount and kind of Freight carried through the Sault 
 Ste. Marie Canal to and from Lake Superior on Canadian hoats during the 
 seasons of navigation 1879 and 1880: — 
 
 Upward Merchandise. 
 
 1879. 
 
 Apples bbls 1,633 
 
 Butter lbs 244,590 
 
 Bacon lbs 173,500 
 
 Beef lbs 669 
 
 Boilers 7 
 
 Beer kegs 301 
 
 Bar Iron tons 477 
 
 Brick m .... 
 
 Cattle 1,291 
 
 Chloride of Lime.hds .... 
 
 Coal tons 330 
 
 Coal Oil 851 
 
 Candles lbs 14,260 
 
 Cheese lbs 30,730 
 
 Cement bbls 10 
 
 Coffee bags 190 
 
 Coarse Grain .bush 39,050 
 
 Dried Fruit lbs 4,600 
 
 Dynamite cans .... 
 
 Dualine cans .... 
 
 Engines 11 
 
 Eggs bbls 255 
 
 Pish kegs 993 
 
 Fish cars .... 
 
 Flour bbls 6,781 
 
 Furniture.... pieces 2,633 
 
 Flat Cars 32 
 
 Ground Feed ..tons 100 
 
 Horses and Mules . . 638 
 
 Hogs 266 
 
 Hay t<ms 834 
 
 Lime bbls 20 
 
 Lumber. feet 2,676,000 
 
 1880. 
 
 2,616 
 
 331,118 
 
 522,928 
 
 bis 1,574 
 
 1 
 
 820 
 
 394 
 
 7 
 
 1,462 
 
 30 
 
 1,920 
 
 1,456 
 
 12,400 
 
 32,000 
 
 320 
 
 1,359 
 
 22,250 
 
 30,870 
 
 116 
 
 400 
 
 1 
 
 543 
 
 3,253 
 
 7 
 
 6,358 
 
 5,176 
 
 • • • • 
 
 46 
 664 
 331 
 862 
 144 
 710,000 
 
 1870. 
 
 Lath 450,000 
 
 Lard Oil bbls 3 
 
 Lard lbs 17,600 
 
 Liquors bbls 871 
 
 Locomotives .... 
 
 Malt lbs 55,960 
 
 Mowers and Reapers 147 
 
 Machinery tons 613 
 
 Nails kegs 3,540 
 
 Nitro-Glycerine.cans .... 
 
 Pork bbls 637 
 
 Powder tons 10 
 
 Potatoes bush 750 
 
 Pig Iron tons 24 
 
 Railroad lion . . tons 6,675 
 
 Railroad Spikes.kegs 2,737 
 
 Railroad Cars .... 
 
 Salt bbls 3,690 
 
 Sugar bbls 6,731 
 
 Sheep 833 
 
 Soap boxes 2,885 
 
 Soda lbs 10,700 
 
 Steam Shovel .... 
 
 Syrup bbls 212 
 
 Shingles 388,000 
 
 Tea chest 2,793 
 
 Tobacco lbs 36,924 
 
 Vinegar bbls 171 
 
 Vegetables .... bush 131 
 
 Window Glass.bozes 997 
 
 Wagons ., 210 
 
 Other Goods . . .tons 10,726 
 
 Passengers 7,446 
 
 1880. 
 
 60,000 
 
 157 
 
 30,130 
 
 1,090 
 
 1 
 
 76,215 
 
 36 
 
 291 
 
 8,473 
 
 600 
 
 606 
 
 218 
 
 4,980 
 
 • • • • 
 
 14,595 
 
 930 
 
 15 
 
 5,264 
 
 7,728 
 
 622 
 
 3,470 
 
 4,500 
 
 1 
 
 317 
 
 420,000 
 
 4,197 
 
 111,100 
 
 337 
 
 672 
 
 2,962 
 
 142 
 
 14,268 
 
 9,680 
 
67 
 
 Doicnward Merchandise. 
 
 Butter lbs 
 
 Buffalo Robes .bales 
 Copper, Mass ..tons 
 
 Corn bush 
 
 Flour ...bbls 
 
 Flour sacks 
 
 Furs and Pelts.balfS 
 Fish (fresh), hf bbls 
 
 Fish cars 
 
 Flax Seed bush 
 
 Feed tons 
 
 Hides 
 
 Horses 
 
 Househ'ld Goods.pgs 
 
 1879, 
 
 8,000 
 
 297 
 
 4 
 
 265,155 
 
 125,636 
 
 8,763 
 
 2,514 
 
 2,455 
 
 2,582 
 
 1,036 
 
 3,302 
 
 1 
 
 52 
 
 1880. 
 
 946,560 
 112,315 
 
 • • « • 
 
 - 2,065 
 
 4,050 
 
 14 
 
 3,375 
 
 832 
 
 420 
 
 • • • • 
 
 29 
 
 Lumber 
 
 Oil Cake tons 
 
 Potatoes bush 
 
 Rags tons 
 
 Square Timber Pine 
 c. feet 
 
 Silver Ore tons 
 
 Scrap Iron tons 
 
 Tallow lbs 
 
 Wheat bush 
 
 Wool lbs 
 
 Other Merchandise . 
 Passengers 
 
 1879. 
 
 1,020,000 
 60 
 
 510,000 
 
 276J 
 
 30 
 
 2,200 
 
 380,129 
 
 42,070 
 
 80 
 
 3,544 
 
 1880. 
 
 895,000 
 
 • • • • 
 
 15 
 20 
 
 167,000 
 56 
 
 81,140 
 313,002 
 
 • • • • 
 
 30 
 3,279 
 
 With regard to Canadian channels for the future Lake Superior trade, 
 during open navigation each year, the following five routes show comparative 
 distances from Montreal, and indicate that the all-water route via the Welland 
 Canal is 338 miles longer thaa the rail and water route via Midland City: — 
 
 From Montreal to Fort William, 
 
 1. By River St. Lawrence, Welland Canal, and Lakes Erie, Huron & Superior. 1,263 miles. 
 
 2. By Railway to Goderich, — thence by Lakes Huron and Superior 1,006 « 
 
 3. By Railway to Owen Sound, — thence by Georgian Bay and Lake Superior. 980 " 
 
 4. By Railway to CoUingwood, — thence by Georgian Bay and Lake Superior. 971 " 
 
 5. By Railway to Midland City, — thence by Georgian Bay and Lake Superior. 925 " 
 
 There will be a sixth line of rail-and-water communication, on the opening 
 of navigation in 1884. It is expected that the Canadian Pacific Railway will 
 be completed to Algoma Mills, on Lake Huron, by the end of 1883 ; and three 
 first class, full-powered swift propellers will ply between that place and Port 
 Arthur on Lake Superior, connecting these with the railway, whence passengers 
 will take trains to Winnipeg and through to the foot of the Rocky Mountains. 
 
 But there is to be another very important line of inland communication in 
 the near future. Ere long, the Canadian Pacific and the Grand Trunk Railways 
 and their combinations will converge at, and cross the Ste. Marie River by a 
 bridge at the Sault, thence connecting with the Northern Pacific Railway, and 
 affording it and its connections in the North- Western States, a short route to the 
 seaboard. On this point, on another occasion, the Secretary remarked as follows : 
 
 " It is worthy of notice here, that the export trade in Wheat from Oregon — cargo 
 being taken on board ship at Portland, about 110 miles up the Columbia River, while 
 sometimes part of it is lightered to Astoria, — finds a good deal of its supply in the in- 
 terior Territory of Montana, and even, it is said, in Dakota. The grain is put into sacks, 
 and conveyed by water, in barges, a distance of 350 miles or more, — there being at 
 present two portages (each of about five miles, traversed by rail,) within that distance, 
 the transportation charges to Portland amounting to 33c. to 35c. per bushel. The rate 
 
68 
 
 of ocean freight from Portland to Liverpool varies, say, from 2b. Gd. to 48. sterling per 
 cental, insurance costing If to 2 per cent., a good trip by sailing vessel occupying five 
 months. It does not seem i uprobable, therefore, that when all the railway connections 
 between Montreal and Sault Ste. Marie arc completed, the Canadian freight and pas- 
 senger traffic will be immensely augmented from Montana, Dakota, and Minnesota, — 
 the surplus products of these regions finding a better, because quicker and cheaper, 
 transit to the Canadian inland ocean port, and a nearer outlet there to European 
 countries, than at any United States port on the Atlantic sea-board." 
 
 LINKING THE PROVINCES. 
 
 /^ While the railways and water-highways of Canada are drawing the older 
 Provinces more closely together, the achievement of the next very few years will 
 be the completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway, and the bringing of British 
 Columbia closely into the great fraternity of Provinces. For the present, trade 
 intercourse takes a long round-about, for Canadian merchandise, say, from Mont- 
 real or Toronto, has to go in bond through the United States to San Francisco, 
 and thence by steamship to Victoria./' Notwithstanding that long mileage, the 
 imports into the Province beyond the Rockies from Eastern Canada, have been 
 steadily increasing, as may be seen from the following statement relating to the 
 past eleven and a half years : — 
 
 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1872 $22,214 52 
 
 do do 1873 75,604 08 
 
 do do 1874 66,104 17 
 
 do do 1875 117,054 16 
 
 do do 1876 129,735 13 
 
 do do 1877 160,814 00 
 
 Six months ended Dec. 31, 1877 57,162 00 
 
 Calendar year do 1878 169,753 00 
 
 do do 1879 184,564 00 
 
 do do 1880 258,207 00 
 
 do do 1881 422,367 00 
 
 do do 1882 559,732 00 
 
 IV.-THE GENERAL FOREIGN COMMERCE CF CANADA. 
 
 IMPORTS AND EXPORTS. 
 
 Tables of importations into Canada, by countries, for 1880 to 1882, are 
 given here, — along with a classified table of exportations for 1878 to 1882. 
 There are also three tables from the " Trade and Navigation Returns," which 
 
59 
 
 show the total importations, exportations, and atrp;rc<:ato trado for six years, 1878 
 to 1882 ; and a table showing total imports, exports, duty collected, &c., for 
 fifteen years, 1858 to 1882 inclusive. To assist those who may care to examine 
 the details of these statements, it has been considered worth while to take pains 
 to make some analysis of the commercial relations which have existed for more 
 than a decade between Canada and her two best customers, — Great Britain and 
 the United States, — as well as foreign countries. 
 
 purobntaak of canadian imports 
 fr6h 
 
 
 Great 
 
 
 United 
 
 Otlicr 
 
 
 Hritaiii. 
 
 
 Status. 
 
 Coutitrius 
 
 187a. 
 
 53-74 
 
 
 37-44 
 
 8-82 
 
 1874. 
 
 51-08 
 
 
 42-60 
 
 .... C-;!2 
 
 1875. 
 
 50-46 
 
 
 42-47 
 
 7-07 
 
 1876 
 
 4300 
 
 
 48-63 
 
 .... 8-37 
 
 1877 
 
 41-09 
 
 
 53-28 
 
 .... 5-G3 
 
 1878. 
 
 4104 
 
 
 53-33 
 
 .... 5-63 
 
 1879. 
 
 38-58 
 
 
 54-44 
 
 .... 6-98 
 
 1880 . 
 
 4808 
 
 
 40-88 
 
 ....U-ll 
 
 1881. 
 
 47-57 
 
 
 4007 
 
 12-36 
 
 1882. 
 
 44.91 
 
 
 42-87 
 
 ....12-22 
 
 Pkrckntaob op 
 
 Ago 
 
 reqatb Tbadb 
 
 WITH 
 
 
 
 fircat 
 Uritaiii. 
 
 
 UnitocJ 
 States. 
 
 Other 
 Countries 
 
 1873 49-36 
 
 
 41-32 .. 
 
 .. 9-32 
 
 1874 4986 
 
 
 41-76 ., 
 
 .. 8-38 
 
 1875 50-82 
 
 
 40-87 . 
 
 .. 8-31 
 
 1876 47-39 
 
 
 43-25 . 
 
 ... 9-36 
 
 1877 47-12 
 
 
 44-77 . 
 
 .. 8-11 
 
 187H 48-89 
 
 
 43-32 . 
 
 ... 7-79 
 
 1879 44-22 
 
 
 4G-G9 . 
 
 .. 8-99 
 
 1880 50-29 
 
 
 39-26 . 
 
 ...10-45 
 
 1881 51-25 
 
 
 38-74 . 
 
 ..1001 
 
 1882 44-64 
 
 
 44-80 .. 
 
 .. 10-56 
 
 An examination of the total merchandise imported into Canada from Great 
 Britain and the United States, respectively, during ten years, (the percentages 
 being averaged in periods of five years each,) shows the proportions of dutiable 
 
 and free goods to have been as follows : — 
 
 FROU OBBAT BRITAIN. 
 
 Dutiable. Free. 
 
 1873 69-29 30-71 
 
 1874 75-'76 24-24 
 
 1875 81-59 18-41 
 
 1876 79-51 20-49 
 
 1877 83 19 16-81 
 
 Totalaverage 77-87 22-13 
 
 1878 85-86 14-14 
 
 1879 87-34 12-66 
 
 1880 81 36 18-64 
 
 1881 82 27 17-73 
 
 1882 81-94 18-06 
 
 Totalaverage 83-75 16-25 
 
 FROU UNITED STATES. 
 
 Dutiable. Free. 
 
 1873 34-94 6506 
 
 1874 .... .38'86 61-14 
 
 1875 43-35 50-65 
 
 187G 46-31 53-69 
 
 1877 45-86 54-14 
 
 Totalaverage 41-86 58-13 
 
 1878 48-25 51-75 
 
 1879 54-31 45-69 
 
 1880 66-67 33-33 
 
 1881 69-83 30-17 
 
 1882 68-22 31-78 
 
 Totalaverage 61-46 38-54 
 
 
60 
 
 The percentage for the latter five yeara can be verified by examining the 
 following statement : — 
 
 GREAT BRITAIN. 
 
 1878. 
 
 1879. 
 
 1880. 
 
 1881. 
 
 1882. 
 
 Dutiable 
 
 $ 
 32,139,783 
 6,291,397 
 
 $ 
 27,020,210 
 3,917,493 
 
 $ 
 
 28,038,118 
 0,423,100 
 
 $ 
 .3.5,800,40] 
 7,72.3,347 
 
 $ 
 41,4.59,730 
 9,137,611 
 
 Free 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 37,431,180 
 
 23,464,503 
 25,163,686 
 
 30,943,703 
 
 23,693,359 
 19,932,668 
 
 34,401,224 
 
 19,560,507 
 9,780,381 
 
 43,583,808 
 
 25,632,313 
 11,071,799 
 
 50,597,341 
 
 UNITED STATES. 
 
 Dutiable 
 
 32,941,001 
 
 Free 
 
 15,347,991 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 48,628,189 
 
 43,620,027 
 
 29,340,948' 30.704.112 
 
 48,289,052 
 
 
 
 
 
 It is regretted that accessible statements for comparison here have only been 
 to the close of the fiscal year ended 30th June, 1882. An official return for six 
 months ended 31st December, 1882 (but lacking the comparative figures for 
 corresponding period of 1881), shows the following particulars : — 
 
 Grand total value of Imports $64,763,486.00 
 
 Total Duty collected 12,249,231.05 
 
 Value of Cotton Manufactures imported 4,235,715.00 
 
 Duty collected on them 917,994.15 
 
 Value of Woollen Manufactures imported 5,434,301.00 
 
 Duty collected on them 1,464,949.74 
 
 The grand total of Exports was 62,235,910.00 
 
 Produce of Canada 53,863,989.00 
 
 Produce of other countries 8,371,921.00 
 
 Aggregate of Imports and Exports 126,999,396.00 
 
 Exports less than Imports by 2,527,576.00 
 
 The following table, covering a period of twelve years, 1871 to 1882 inclu- 
 sive, shows the proportions from Great Britain and the United States respectively, 
 to the aggregates of dutiable and free imports into Canada, based upon the tables 
 given on pp. 66, 67 : — 
 
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 ;i,4V«,00 ; 
 i;,'/(;o,i«:; 
 
 IjI'.ll.ffV.'. 
 
 2,i7;j,J0n 
 
 ;»,07.',0{jr, 
 M,2.'ir,,2.i;{ 
 
 80,i;2l ;i7J» 
 
 i;i,;i7r,,ii7 
 
 94,200,400 
 
 IM7I> M^l 
 
 (,ol mji!) 
 
 70,17) 
 (r.o,7(it» 
 
 l,OH'),(lf»l 
 
 4f.r.,<io:i 
 nr.n 1,031! 
 
 0«i!,4( I 
 {Il«,7(i0 
 
 r.io.;ir«'/ 
 
 0/(7, '/OH 
 
 7,^30 
 
 Hi, /';'/< 
 
 '/<l'!,'/'-(^ 
 
 tt4i,o^ir. 
 
 440,?i«l 
 
 :4,i{»7,nr, 
 
 (,IO<,rr3<> 
 
 !i'/o.r/0» 
 
 '/,4',<0 40r, ),««0,«flii; 
 r.,l<«0//!K| 1,1 !(»,)<»<! 
 
 »,'/0v! !«% 
 
 I ,MS0,»7!> 
 
 3,704,4»7 
 l,4'/2,«?«0 
 
 .;,!({» ;»,.'j'io 
 ;),0'.H,o<;'i 
 
 t»n«,04r. 
 ji,/;io,!Oo 
 '/,ioi^;»v 
 
 r.,'.H'/!,042 0,274,040 
 
 2,{>v7,r,io: 2,t)r,r.,HT/, 
 
 i.iHi.o*!,',' 4,in'i,in'i 
 
 '!()'/., KdI .'104,017 
 
 1,70V »5(0J ><04,;}2'. 
 
 3,<i,';0,?>r.r,j 2/,72,«7.', 
 1 3,r.0{»,»24 1 11,101,70) 
 
 1 ',,240,000. 8,3.';.';,044 
 
 8:;,r!3O,107 0fl,44.';,222 
 
 mi'im. 
 
 I//10,««<» 
 I ;i,40r> 
 
 (Hi,«a!> 
 
 1,0:41 ;«0',* 
 
 ;»,ir/,aio 
 
 4,7H//)6 
 
 4,'!y.^,i^'/? 
 
 I44,4«5, 
 
 747 
 
 7,<i'/ !,'<<« I 
 
 l,'n?»,75(< 
 »,l'/2,.!»4 
 
 »,<>{»7,.'.2I 
 2,.^*'/?,2?l7 
 
 040, .'J 4 
 1,320,^01 
 
 J,;»H4,I0I 
 2', 1, 00* 
 
 I2,«.'{7,2»3 
 
 
 I 
 
 T^riO'.jOiJ 
 
ee 
 
 VALUE or EXPORTS BY COUNTRIES. 
 
 COUNTRIES. 
 
 1877. 
 
 1878. 
 
 1879. 
 
 Great Britain 
 
 United States 
 
 France 
 
 Germany 
 
 Spain 
 
 Portucral 
 
 Italy 
 
 Holland 
 
 Belgium 
 
 Newfoundland 
 
 British WcHt Indies 
 
 Spanish Weat Indies 
 
 French West Indies 
 
 Other West India Islands. 
 
 South America 
 
 China and Japan 
 
 Australia 
 
 South Africa 
 
 Other Countries 
 
 « I 
 
 41,fie7,4C9 
 
 25.77.'),24!J 
 
 810,.S30! 
 
 84,8241 
 
 62,«59i 
 
 12l),»(10! 
 
 213,002 
 
 1)4,303; 
 
 C0,912! 
 
 2.1] 2,100! 
 
 2,104,0401 
 
 l,284,37r> 
 
 100,212 
 
 149,022 
 
 651,026 
 
 37,149 
 
 185,610 
 
 23,170 
 
 812,981 
 
 45,9Il,5!?o! 
 
 25,244,898 
 
 309,391 
 
 122,254 
 
 47,810 
 
 104,028 
 
 151,861 
 
 53,7501 
 
 49,(M)8! 
 
 2,094,682] 
 
 1,050,1441 
 
 1,080,8071 
 
 246,738 
 
 127,458 
 
 654,357 
 
 102,568 
 
 370,723 
 
 46,305 
 
 005,290 
 
 36,295,718 
 
 27,106,601 
 
 714,875 
 
 112,090 
 
 ."■.O.-OOO 
 
 135,748 
 
 148,472 
 
 9,713 
 
 40,430 
 
 1,641,417 
 
 1,955,584 
 
 1,237,698 
 
 210,121 
 
 88,367 
 
 741,442 
 
 56,551 
 
 290,702 
 
 45,515 
 
 541,756 
 
 1880. 
 
 45,846,062 
 
 33,340,0(» 
 
 812,829 
 
 82,237 
 
 60,727 
 
 105,885 
 
 103,787 
 
 102,502 
 
 688,811 
 
 1,510,;«10 
 
 1,906,063 
 
 1,319,588 
 
 223,973 
 
 94,489 
 
 789,940 
 
 37,540 
 
 130,001 
 
 82,178 
 
 534,6.'->l 
 
 1881. 
 
 1882. 
 
 « 
 
 63,761,570 
 
 36,860,226 
 
 662,711 
 
 84,932 
 
 40,663 
 
 108,.594 
 
 145,997 
 
 215,764 
 
 268,433 
 
 1,523,469 
 
 1,787,813 
 
 1,107,012 
 
 111,176 
 
 80,769 
 
 732,111 
 
 19,761 
 
 146,363 
 
 81,644 
 
 490,237 
 
 9 
 
 46,274,461 
 
 47,940,711 
 
 826,673 
 
 153,114 
 
 108,082 
 
 140,744 
 
 163,765 
 
 365,198 
 
 142,368 
 
 1,974,923 
 
 1,688,062 
 
 1,078,273 
 
 166,219 
 
 73,118 
 
 941,102 
 
 106,075 
 
 340,008 
 
 95,364 
 
 569,903 
 
 Totals 75,875,3931 79,323.(i<i7 71,4!)1.255l 87,911,458 98,2W),823 102,137,203 
 
 VALUE OP GOODS ENTERED FOR CONSUMPTION, BY COUNTRIES. 
 
 Great Britain 
 
 United States 
 
 France 
 
 Germany 
 
 Spain 
 
 Portugal 
 
 Italy 
 
 Holland 
 
 Belgium 
 
 Newfoundland 
 
 British West Indies 
 
 Spanish West Indies 
 
 French West Indies 
 
 Other West India Islands 
 
 South America 
 
 China and Japan 
 
 Switzerland 
 
 Australia 
 
 South Africa 
 
 Other Countries 
 
 Totals 
 
 39,572,239 
 
 61,312,609 
 
 1,410,732 
 
 370,694 
 
 278,098 
 
 45,405 
 
 29,250 
 
 202,567 
 
 261,812 
 
 641,042 
 
 640,710 
 
 603,451 
 
 25,022 
 
 13,020 
 
 4,971 
 
 418,600 
 
 09,006 
 
 07,394 
 352,570 
 
 00,300,483 
 
 37,431,180 
 
 48,031,739 
 
 1,386,003 
 
 399,320 
 
 277,429 
 
 41,913 
 
 53,310 
 
 213,014 
 
 255,094 
 
 672,605 
 
 578,405 
 
 417,178 
 
 21,080 
 
 10,680 
 
 15,447 
 
 383,070 
 
 61,178 
 
 45,019 
 200,136 
 
 91,199,677 
 
 30,993,130 
 
 34,461,224 
 
 43,739,219 
 
 29,340,048 
 
 1,632,191 
 
 1,116,841 
 
 440,900 
 
 449,791 
 
 343,840 
 
 230,518 
 
 25,510 
 
 35,707 
 
 33,461 
 
 459,608 
 
 200,575 
 
 171,245 
 
 170,031 
 
 149,080 
 
 030,406 
 
 581,901 
 
 650,087 
 
 1,208,822 
 
 675,000 
 
 1,711,402 
 
 18,008 
 
 8,884 
 
 8,365 
 
 15,080 
 
 4,388 
 
 283,481 
 
 448,962 
 
 803,011 
 
 04,781 
 
 04,225 
 
 1,851 
 
 1,881 
 
 106,502 
 
 130,075 
 
 305,324 
 
 419,133 
 
 80,341,008, 71,782,349 
 
 43,583,808 
 
 30,704,112 
 
 1,631,332 
 
 934,260 
 
 390,684 
 
 66,803 
 
 88,726 
 
 226,190 
 
 412,834 
 
 652,304 
 
 1,888,095 
 
 1,899,813 
 
 18,186 
 
 8,464 
 
 637,020 
 
 1,410,073 
 
 141,789 
 
 143 
 
 138,815 
 
 777,968 
 
 91,611,604 
 
 50,507,341 
 
 48,289,052 
 
 2,097,368 
 
 1,480,004 
 
 402,219 
 
 51,912 
 
 03,086 
 
 248,043 
 
 503,210 
 
 493,509 
 
 1,848,724 
 
 2,1.S6,168 
 
 25,896 
 
 12,597 
 
 1,373,017 
 
 1,629,042 
 
 208,093 
 
 2,167 
 
 204,807 
 
 932,033 
 
 112,648,927 
 
 Aggregate Trade of the Dominion on the basis of Goods Entered fur Consumption, 
 
 and Exports, by Countries. 
 
 Great Britain 
 
 United States 
 
 France 
 
 Germany 
 
 Spain 
 
 Portugal 
 
 Italy 
 
 Holland 
 
 Belgium 
 
 Newfoundland 
 
 British West Indies 
 
 Spanish West Indies 
 
 French West Indies 
 
 Other West India Islands 
 
 South America 
 
 China and Japan 
 
 Switzf Hand 
 
 Austnilia 
 
 South Africa 
 
 Other Countries 
 
 Totals 
 
 81,189,708 
 
 77,087,014 
 
 1,730,062 
 
 404,918 
 
 340,767 
 
 175,425 
 
 242,042 
 
 290,800 
 
 318,724 
 
 2,763,748 
 
 2,835,305 
 
 1,847,820 
 
 185,234 
 
 103,242 
 
 050,596 
 
 465,756 
 
 69,066 
 
 185,610 
 
 120,564 
 
 1,165,660 
 
 172,175,876 
 
 83,372,719 
 
 73,876,637 
 
 1,754,394 
 
 521,680 
 
 326,246 
 
 146,941 
 
 206,171 
 
 206,764 
 
 305,692 
 
 2,767,347 
 
 2,528,649 
 
 1,466,985 
 
 208,424 
 
 144,038 
 
 009,804 
 
 480,244 
 
 01,178 
 
 370,723 
 
 91,384 
 
 904,426 
 
 170,523,214 
 
 67.288,848 
 
 70,904,720 
 
 ; 2,247,066 
 
 562,009 
 
 394,446 
 
 101,258 
 
 181,933 
 
 210,288 
 
 219,401 
 
 2,280,823 
 
 2,005,071 
 
 1,813,567 
 
 237,120 
 
 96,7.T2 
 
 745,830 
 
 605,613 
 
 04,781 
 
 202,613 
 
 152,107 
 
 847,079 
 
 161,832,868 
 
 80,307,286 
 
 02,606,857 
 
 1,028,670 
 
 532,028 
 
 207,246 
 
 201,662 
 
 623,206 
 
 273,837 
 
 837,805 
 
 2,002,261 
 
 3,114,875 
 
 3,031,060 
 
 232,867 
 
 110,476 
 
 1,073,421 
 
 931,467 
 
 04,226 
 
 141,782 
 
 218,863 
 
 063,784 
 
 169,693,807 
 
 07,336,378 
 
 73,570,337 
 
 2,204,043 
 
 1,019,108 
 
 446,337 
 
 165,487 
 
 234,723 
 
 440,944 
 
 673 ,267 
 
 2,176,778 
 
 3,676,508 
 
 3,067,425 
 
 129,360 
 
 89,228 
 
 1,369,731 
 
 1,430,734 
 
 141,789 
 
 146,606 
 
 220,469 
 
 1.277,205 
 
 95,871,802 
 
 96,229,763 
 
 2,922,931 
 
 1,633,118 
 
 670,301 
 
 201,666 
 
 266,841 
 
 613,241 
 
 646,668 
 
 2,468,432 
 
 3,587,686 
 
 3,214,441 
 
 181,114 
 
 85,715 
 
 2,314,779 
 
 1,636,717 
 
 268,098 
 
 342,765 
 
 800,231 
 
 1,401,936 
 
 189,902,427 
 
 214,786,130 
 
61 
 
 STATEMENT showing the values of total Exports, Imports, and Goods entered for 
 Consumption in the Dominion, with the Duty collected thereon, for fifteen years. 
 
 
 Total 
 Exports. 
 
 Total 
 Imports. 
 
 Total 
 
 Imports and 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Entered for 
 Consump- 
 tion. 
 
 Duty. 
 
 ■ 
 
 
 
 
 $ 
 
 3 
 
 $ 
 
 $ 
 
 9 
 
 Fiscal Year endincrSOth June, 1868. . . . 
 
 57,r.67,888 
 
 73,459,644 
 
 131,027, .132 
 
 71,985,306 
 
 8,819,431 63 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 1809.... 
 
 60,474,781 
 
 70,415,105 
 
 130.889,946 
 
 67,402,171 
 
 8,298,909 71 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 1870.... 
 
 73,,'->73,4»0 
 
 74,814,.3.39 
 
 148,387,829 
 
 71,237,60: 
 
 9,462,940 44 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 1871.... 
 
 74,173,618 
 
 96,092,971 
 
 170,266,.589 
 
 86.947,48; 
 
 11,843,6.55 75 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 1872.... 
 
 82,«;i9,(i«3 
 
 111,4,30,527 
 
 194,070,190 
 
 107,709,11( 
 
 13,045,493 50 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 1873.... 
 
 89,789,922 
 
 128,011,081 
 
 217,801,203 
 
 127,514,59.i 
 
 13,017,730 17 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 1874.... 
 
 89,351,928 
 
 128,213,582 
 
 217,56.5,510 
 
 127,404,16(1 
 
 14,421,882 67 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 1875.... 
 
 77,886,979 
 
 123,070,283 
 
 200,957,262 
 
 119.618,6.57 
 
 15,361,382 12 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 1876.... 
 
 80.!H(6,435 
 
 93,210,346 
 
 174,176,781 
 
 94,733,218 
 
 12,8.33,114 48 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 1877.... 
 
 75,875,393 
 
 99,327,962 
 
 175,203,355 
 
 i)(J,,30O,483 
 
 12,.548,451 09 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 1878... 
 
 79,323,667 
 
 93,081,787 
 
 172,405,4.')4 
 
 91,199,577 
 
 12,795,693 17 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 1879.... 
 
 71,491,255 
 
 81,!Ki4,427 
 
 153,455,682 
 
 80,341,608 
 
 12,939,540 66 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 1880.... 
 
 87,911,458 
 
 86,489,747 
 
 174,401,205 
 
 71,782,341) 
 
 14,138,849 22 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 1881 .... 
 
 08,290,823 
 
 105,330,840 
 
 203,621,663 
 
 91,611,(K)4 
 
 18,500,785 97 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 pxte for fifteen 
 
 1882.... 
 years 
 
 102,137,203 
 
 119,419,500 
 
 221,556,703 
 
 112,648,927 
 
 21,708,837 43 
 
 Aggte 
 
 1,201,454,503 
 
 1,484,332,401 
 
 2,086,786,904 
 
 1,418,436,863 
 
 199,736,698 01 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 V.-THE CANADIAN SUGAR TRADE. 
 
 1,786,130 
 
 1878 TO 1882. 
 
 The tables on pp. 69, 70, aiford a comprehensive view of the course of the 
 Sugar Trade of the Dominion for half a decade. The contrasts between 1878 
 and 1882 are remarkable. The years are fiscal ones. 
 
 Summary of Imports. 
 
 From Great Britain lbs. 
 
 United States « 
 
 West Indies " 
 
 Brazil <' 
 
 Central America '< 
 
 British East Indies " 
 
 Dutch East Indies " 
 
 All other Countries " 
 
 NoTB. — Six (6) per cent, of the raw sugar noted here as from the United States in 1882, 
 came from the West Indies through United Stales ports. 
 
 A special return shows the gross imports of Sugar into Canada during the 
 six months ended 31st December, 1882, to have been 74,871,521 lbs., valued at 
 02,584,015,— the duty amounting to $1,211,702.63. 
 
 1878. 
 
 1882. 
 
 51,187,.30I 
 
 2,770,089 
 
 50,.394,946 
 
 11,575,426 
 
 7,534,408 
 
 79,078,494 
 
 nil. 
 
 33,805,480 
 
 nil. 
 
 210,897 
 
 nil. 
 
 1,158,464 
 
 nil. 
 
 6,359,038 
 
 347,700 
 
 371,809 
 
 09,463,915 
 
 135,329,697 
 
68 
 
 Thb Fiscal Year 1878 iDdicated a home consumption of 109^ million lbs. 
 of Sugar, which cost over 6 millions of dollars, — the revenue accruing amounting 
 to 2^ millions of dollars. Oreat Britain and the United States divided between 
 them the refining of Sugar for the Canadian market, so that 101^ million lbs. 
 oame from these countries in nearly equal proportions. The higher grades, arti- 
 ficially cheapened by a bounty paid by the United States Government, came 
 thence ; while the common grades were provided by Great Britain ; and the 
 trade in raw sugars bad dwindled down to 7^ million lbs. from the West 
 Indies, principally raw sugars for sale in that state. No sugar came from Brazil ; 
 while the fraction from " all other countries " was less than 500,000 lbs. Under an 
 adverse fiscal policy f Sugar refining in Canada had ceased as an industry, not- 
 withstanding that it was well-enough known that labor and capital could be 
 profitably employed in it. To make this possible, the tariff was about to be 
 adjusted, the trade in raw sugars from the place of growth was to be revived, 
 and the Intercolonial Railway was to have the Winter traffic. 
 
 The Fisoal Year 1882, by its record, shows a total home-consumption of 
 135,329,697 lbs., costing $4,846,006, and yielding a revenue of $2,229,761. 
 Suppose the Sugar from Great Britain to be refined, it is only 2^ per cent, of the 
 total importation ; and about 4 per cent, of what comes from the United States 
 (viz., sugar above 14 D.S.,) is refined ; so that 93f per cent, of the aggregate 
 importation consists of raw sugar, — 87 per cent, of it coming from the West 
 Indies and Brazil (against 6 per cent in 1878 I), including the 6 per cent, 
 coming through United States territory from the West Indies, nearly 6 per cent, 
 from the East Indies, and about ^ per cent, from " all other countries." 
 
 As REGARDS SuGAR REPINING : — There are 5 refineries in operation in the 
 Dominion at present — 2 in Montreal, 1 in Moncton, and 2 in Halifax —repre- 
 senting a capital of over $2,750,000, giving direct employment to about 3,500 
 workmen, and indirectly to over 30,000 persons. It is now definitely stated that 
 the refinery at Woodside, opposite Halifax, will be in operation next year, with a 
 capacity fully equal to that of the Canada Sugar Refining Company's works in 
 this city. 
 
 Beet-Root Sugar making, in the Province of Quebec, has proved to be 
 a failure. This is to be regretted, for a good deal of money and labor have been 
 sunk in it. A few years ago, Mr. Dustan of Halifax, in correspondence pub- 
 lished in the Montreal Gazette, showed (as it now seems, conclusively,) that the 
 farmers cannot grow the roots at the price whicb it would pay the sugar-makers 
 to give for them. For that and other reasons, his conclusion was that the Beet' 
 Sugar Industry could not succeed in Canada. 
 
69 
 
 to be 
 been 
 pub- 
 it the 
 akers 
 Beet- 
 
 THE COUESE OF THE SUGAR TRADE. 
 
 For the Year ending June 30«^, 1878. 
 
 From what Country. 
 
 Weight. 
 
 Cost. 
 
 Duty. 
 
 Rate of 
 Duty. 
 
 Proportion of 
 Value. 
 
 Great Britain 
 
 Lbs. 
 
 51,187,301 
 
 50,394.946 
 
 7,564,468 
 
 Nil. 
 
 347,200 
 
 8 
 
 2,763,022 
 
 2,026,425 
 
 379,413 
 
 Nil. 
 
 17,366 
 
 1,189,889.75 
 
 1,236,737.72 
 
 160,870.55 
 
 ' 7,576*46 
 
 Per Cent. 
 43.07 
 40.86 
 42.40 
 
 43.60 
 
 Per Cent. 
 44.67 
 
 United States 
 
 48.92 
 
 West Indies 
 
 6 13 
 
 Brazil 
 
 
 All other Countries 
 
 0.28 
 
 Totals 
 
 109,463,915 
 
 6,186,226 
 
 2,595,074 48 
 
 41.95 
 
 100.00 
 
 
 
 For the Year ending June 30<^, 1880. 
 
 From what Country. 
 
 Qreat Britain 
 
 United States 
 
 West Indies 
 
 Brazil 
 
 All other Countries 
 
 Totals 
 
 Weight. 
 
 Cost. 
 
 Lbs. 
 
 16,420,581 
 
 15,659,483 
 
 72,790,700 
 
 4,812,851 
 
 8,163.435 
 
 657,103 
 601,031 
 2,236,412 
 134,747 
 274,994 
 
 116,847,050 3,904,287 
 
 Duty. 
 
 309,281.28 
 
 288,629.66 
 
 1,164,600.64 
 
 05,27307 
 
 139,007.40 
 
 2.026,692.04 
 
 Kate of 
 Duty. 
 
 Proportion of 
 
 Vnlii« 
 
 Value, 
 
 Percent. 
 66.19 
 48.00 
 52 07 
 48.44 
 60.66 
 
 Percent. 
 
 16.83 
 
 16.39 
 
 67.28 
 
 3.45 
 
 7.05 
 
 51.93 
 
 100.00 
 
 For the Year ending June 30<A, 1881. 
 
 From what Country. 
 
 Great Britain 
 
 United States 
 
 West Indies 
 
 East Indies 
 
 Brazil 
 
 All other Countries. 
 
 Totals 
 
 Weiglit. 
 
 Lbs 
 15,951,870 
 10,131,108 
 80,690,967 
 
 8,630,444 
 18,535,499 
 
 2,460,625 
 
 Cost. 
 
 1,36,406,513 
 
 728,911 
 440,632 
 2,977,551 
 305,568 
 565,392 
 92,939 
 
 Duty. 
 
 385,438.04 
 201,566.98 
 1,424,922.83 
 139,612.60 
 263,712.86 
 44,000.18 
 
 Rate of 
 Duty. 
 
 Per Cent. 
 53 
 
 4d 
 
 48 
 46 
 47 
 47 
 
 6,110,993 2,469,142.49' 48 
 
 Rate P. C. of 
 Duty. 
 
 Per Cent. 
 14 2 
 
 8.6 
 58.2 
 
 6.9 
 113 
 
 1.8 
 
 100.00 
 
 For 
 
 the Year ending June 
 
 mth, 1882 
 
 
 
 From what Country. 
 
 Weight. 
 
 Cost. 
 
 Duty. 
 
 Rate of 
 Duty. 
 
 Proportion of 
 Value. 
 
 Great Britain 
 
 Lbs. 
 
 2,770,089 
 
 11,575,426 
 
 79,078,494 
 
 33,805,480 
 
 210,897 
 
 1,168,464 
 
 6,359,038 
 
 371,809 
 
 S 
 
 121,217 
 
 493,69(i 
 
 2,878,184 
 
 1,060.477 
 
 8,919 
 
 45,788 
 
 226,609 
 
 21,116 
 
 8 
 63,634.77 
 
 219,239 18 
 
 1,376,952.16 
 
 487,442.47 
 
 4,964.74 
 
 2 1, .58 1.42 
 
 114,955.10 
 
 11,091.99 
 
 Per Cent. 
 62.4 
 44.4 
 47.8 
 46 4 
 56.6 
 47.1 
 50.7 
 52.6 
 
 Per Cent. 
 2.6 
 
 United States 
 
 10.2 
 
 West Indies 
 
 69.4 
 
 Brazil ..... 
 
 Central America 
 
 21.7 
 .2 
 
 British East Indies 
 
 Dutch East Indies 
 
 All other Countries 
 
 .9 
 
 4.7 
 
 .4 
 
 Totals 
 
 135,329,697 
 
 4,846,066 
 
 2,299,761.83 
 
 47.5 
 
 100.0 
 
 
 
to 
 
 RECAPITULATION. 
 FOB THE FISCAL TEAR ENDING JUNE 30tb, 1882. 
 
 BY COUNTRIES. 
 
 Countries whence 
 
 Imported. 
 
 Entered for Home Consumption. 
 
 Rate of 
 Duty. 
 
 Propor- 
 
 Imported. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Duty 
 Collected. 
 
 tion of 
 Valne. 
 
 Great Britain 
 
 United States 
 
 West Indies 
 
 Brazil 
 
 Lbfl. 
 
 3,239,080 
 
 10,684,951 
 
 84,766,712 
 
 36,216,898 
 
 416,677 
 
 8 
 
 139,432 
 
 466,492 
 
 3,117,269 
 
 1,116,126 
 
 17,020 
 
 Lbs. 
 
 2,770,089 
 
 11,575,426 
 
 79,078.494 
 
 33,805,480 
 
 210,897 
 
 1,158,464 
 
 6,359,038 
 
 371,809 
 
 9 
 
 121,217 
 
 493,696 
 
 2,878,184 
 
 1,050,477 
 
 8,919 
 
 46,788 
 
 226,609 
 
 21,116 
 
 8 
 
 63,634.77 
 
 219,239.18 
 
 1,376,952.16 
 
 487,442.47 
 
 4,964.74 
 
 21,681.42 
 
 114,966.10 
 
 11,091.99 
 
 per cent 
 52.4 
 44.4 
 47.8 
 46.4 
 55.G 
 47.1 
 60.7 
 62 5 
 
 per cent 
 
 2.5 
 
 10.2 
 
 59 4 
 
 21 7 
 
 Central America . . . 
 British East Indies. 
 
 .2 
 
 
 Dutch East Indies.. 
 All other Countries. 
 
 6,081,864 
 462,614 
 
 214,664 
 26,637 
 
 4.7 
 .4 
 
 Total 
 
 141,767,696 
 
 6,086,020 
 
 135,329,697 
 
 4,846,006 
 
 2,299,761.83 
 
 47.6 
 
 100.0 
 
 BY GRADES. 
 
 
 Imported. 
 
 Entered for Home Consumption. 
 
 Rate of 
 Duty. 
 
 Propor- 
 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Duty 
 Collected. 
 
 tion of 
 Value. 
 
 Sugar above 14 D.S. 
 Equalto9&uptol4 
 Below No. 9 D. S... 
 
 Cane Juice, &c » 
 
 Melado. &c • • • 
 
 LbB. 
 
 6,969,647 
 
 66 393,936 
 
 73,636,927 
 
 1,176,488 
 
 6,682,698 
 
 8 
 
 291,273 
 
 2,063,440 
 
 2,621,666 
 
 49,134 
 
 160,617 
 
 Lbs. 
 6,230,320 
 
 51,452,872 
 
 70,076,216 
 
 1,531,583 
 
 6,038,706 
 
 8 
 
 302,882 
 
 1,912,258 
 
 2,397,125 
 
 68,577 
 
 175,164 
 
 8 
 
 168,313.76 
 
 959,688.68 
 
 1,069,619.08 
 
 27,046,00 
 
 76,194,32 
 
 per cent 
 65 
 60 
 45 
 47 
 43 
 
 per cent 
 
 6.2 
 
 39.4 
 
 49.4 
 
 1.2 
 
 38 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 141,767,696 
 
 6,086,020|l35,329,697 
 
 4,846,006 
 
 2,299,761.83 
 
 47J 
 
 100.0 
 
 BY PROVINCES. 
 
 Countries whence 
 
 Imported. 
 
 Entered for Home Consumption. 
 
 Rate of 
 Duty. 
 
 Propor- 
 
 Imported. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Duty 
 Collected. 
 
 tion of 
 Value. 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Lbs. 
 
 9,246,662 
 
 83,863,913 
 
 36,304,104 
 
 9,326,129 
 
 673,707 
 
 2,142,992 
 
 166,846 
 
 44,243 
 
 8 
 
 368,392 
 
 2,861,163 
 
 1,333 229 
 
 363,102 
 
 30,380 
 
 138,815 
 
 7,140 
 
 3,809 
 
 Lbs. 
 
 9,335,106 
 
 84,859,337 
 
 24,241,516 
 
 13,845,211 
 
 727,901 
 
 1,896,479 
 
 379,904 
 
 • 44,213 
 
 8 
 
 361,296 
 
 2,903,886 
 
 876,813 
 
 623,465 
 
 32,192 
 
 129,263 
 
 16,293 
 
 3,809 
 
 8 
 
 181,684.22 
 
 1,357,510,68 
 
 427,373.08 
 
 246,487.78 
 
 14,629.26 
 
 62,473.68 
 
 8,027.81 
 
 1,675,32 
 
 per cent 
 
 per cent 
 
 Oiifil^en . ^ ^ ^ k m ••«> 
 
 
 Nova Scotia 
 
 New Brunswick.... 
 Manitoba 
 
 
 British Columbia. .. 
 Prince Edwd. Island 
 N. W. Territories.. 
 
 
 Total 
 
 141,767,696 
 
 6,086,020 
 
 135,329,697 
 
 4,846,006 
 
 2,299,761.83 
 
 
 
71 
 
 VI.-OTHER STAPLE GROCERIES, &C. 
 
 MOLASSES, CANE JUICE, &c. 
 
 Imported into the Dominion durinfi the Latt Five f\»eal Yeara. 
 
 Whence. 
 
 1881-82. 
 
 1880-81. 
 
 1879-80. 
 
 1878-79. 
 
 1877-78. 
 
 Cane Juice, Melado, Ohicose, 
 &c. 
 
 United States 
 
 Lbs. 
 
 3,627,286 
 289,955 
 
 Lbs. 
 3,558,482 
 
 Lbs. 
 5,854,379 
 
 Lbs. 
 
 3,218,842 
 
 Lbs. 
 4,025,678 
 
 Brazil 
 
 British West Indies 
 
 
 1,320,525 
 6,039,418 
 
 
 
 Spanish West Indies. . . , 
 China 
 
 3,578,247 
 
 2,640,454 
 
 1,083,762 
 
 1,515 
 
 1,568,902 
 
 
 
 Other countries 
 
 684 
 
 136,330 
 
 170,653 
 
 16,808 
 
 Total 
 
 7,496,171 
 
 7,284,213 
 
 13,350,662 
 
 4,958,397 
 
 4,042,486 
 
 
 
 Molasses. 
 
 British West Indies. ... 
 Spanish West Indies.... 
 
 British Ouiana 
 
 Sandwich Islands 
 
 United States 
 
 Gals. 
 
 2,156,842 
 
 826,345 
 
 372,506 
 
 21,407 
 
 179,243 
 
 283 
 
 1,609 
 
 Gallt. 
 
 2,188,761 
 
 1,017,624 
 
 390,143 
 
 13,116 
 
 631,094 
 
 80,246 
 
 2,487 
 
 Galls. 
 
 1,849,993 
 
 445,693 
 
 334,347 
 
 6,880 
 
 94,649 
 
 3,238 
 
 8,119 
 
 Lbs. 
 
 22,707,979 
 
 6,443,450 
 
 3,379,620 
 
 47,741 
 
 10,095,407 
 
 94,088 
 
 39,368 
 
 Lbs. 
 
 26,440,678 
 
 7,047,076 
 
 6,044,193 
 
 200,929 
 
 13,239,889 
 
 343,390 
 
 Great Britain 
 
 Other countries 
 
 782,588 
 
 Total 
 
 3,558,235 
 
 4,223,461 
 
 2,741,659 
 
 42,807,653 
 
 63,098,793 
 
 
 
 COFFEE. 
 
 Imports of Coffee (Green) into the DomiDion during the Last Five Fiscal 
 
 Years Ending 30th June : — 
 
 Whence. 
 
 1881-82. 
 
 1880-81. 
 
 1879-80. 
 
 1878-79. 
 
 1877-78. 
 
 United States 
 
 Lbs. 
 
 624,013 
 
 355,421 
 
 39,832 
 
 27,968 
 
 197,372 
 
 228,753 
 
 97,834 
 
 11,345 
 
 74,868 
 1,164,535 
 
 Lbs. 
 
 630,849 
 
 419,004 
 
 1,408 
 
 10,013 
 163,742 
 278,948 
 
 33,648 
 
 Lbs. 
 
 607,066 
 
 517,828 
 
 45 
 
 3,329 
 
 210,995 
 
 237,001 
 
 62,346 
 
 Lbs. 
 
 1,172,696 
 263,086 
 
 Lbs. 
 
 193,477 
 
 Great Britain 
 
 1,625,170 
 176 
 
 France 
 
 Germanv 
 
 
 3,300 
 19,054 
 96,205 
 20,100 
 
 8,459 
 
 Holland 
 
 British West Indies 
 
 Spanish West Indies. . . . 
 Other West Indies 
 
 73,671 
 
 73,678 
 
 22,773 
 
 150 
 
 26,566 
 
 Venezuela, Cent. Ameri- 
 ca and Mexico 
 
 88,178 
 
 410,134 
 
 85,384 
 
 53,792 
 
 32,662 
 1,084 
 
 108,807 
 179,010 
 
 
 Brazil 
 
 
 British East Indies 
 
 
 41,389 
 
 Dutch East Indies 
 
 26,666 
 
 145,296 
 
 
 
 Spanish Possessions in 
 Pacific 
 
 
 
 Other countries 
 
 9,285 
 
 36,020 
 
 3,194 
 
 2,944 
 
 
 2,757,892 
 
 2,108,846 
 
 2,107,743 
 
 1,635,814 
 
 1,905,273 
 
72 
 
 TEAS. 
 ImportB of Teas into the Dominion for the Last Five Fiscal Tears : 
 
 Whmck. 
 
 1881-82. 
 
 1880-81. 
 
 1879-80. 
 
 1878-79. 
 
 1877-78, 
 
 n A. -n 'A. t f Green 
 
 lbs. 
 1,734,930 
 4,897,095 
 
 lbs. 
 1,113,983 
 5,951,176 
 
 IbH. 
 1,112,411 
 4,255,262 
 
 lbs. 
 1,320,579 
 3,547,927 
 
 lbs. 
 1,254,154 
 
 Great Britain.. |b,^^^';;; 
 
 3,426,536 
 
 
 
 Aggregate.. 
 
 6,632,025 
 
 7,065,159 
 
 5,367,673 
 
 4,868,506 
 
 4,680,690 
 
 TT IX J ox 1 f Green 
 
 3,465.289 
 433,234 
 
 4,778,025 
 560,097 
 
 2,240,888 
 751,367 
 
 4,758,785 
 1,184,152 
 
 4,144,872 
 
 United States.. |b,^^^ •••••;•;• 
 
 1,666,094 
 
 
 
 Aggrtgate.. 
 
 3,898,523 
 
 5,338,122 
 
 2,992,255 
 
 5,941,937 
 
 5,810,966 
 
 cw" {bE;;;;.:::: 
 
 891,787 
 830,384 
 
 1,190,735 
 978,049 
 
 859,819 
 538,835 
 
 312,248 
 218,250 
 
 129,480 
 355,062 
 
 
 
 Aggregate.. 
 
 1,732,171 
 
 2,168,784 
 
 1,398,654 
 
 530,498 
 
 484,542 
 
 T.„.„ f Green 
 
 J*P*° JBlack 
 
 4,643,386 
 71,538 
 
 4,747,769 
 32,926 
 
 3,615,601 
 13,887 
 
 1,225,508 
 30 
 
 1,101,928 
 40 
 
 
 
 Aggregate.. 
 
 4,714,974 
 
 4,780,695 
 
 3,629,488 
 
 1,225,538 
 
 1,101,968 
 
 Other Countries/ ^["^^J" * * ; 
 
 60 
 33,263 
 
 76,876 
 2,801 
 
 11,110 
 1,037 
 
 
 
 732 
 
 7,795 
 
 V 
 
 Aggregate.. 
 
 33,323 
 
 79,676 
 
 12,147 
 
 732 
 
 7,795 
 
 _ . , 1 Oreen 
 
 10,735,452 
 6,275,564 
 
 11,907,387 
 7,525,049 
 
 7,839,829 
 5,560,388 
 
 7,617,120 
 4,951,091 
 
 6.630.434 
 
 Tofi {Black.::...::: 
 
 6,455,527 
 
 
 
 Grand Total 
 
 17,011,016 
 
 19,432,436 
 
 13,400,217 
 
 12,568,211 
 
 12,085,961 
 
 
 DISTILLED AND FERMENTED LIQUORS. 
 
 From an OrnoiAL Statiuint showing Quantities, Values, &c., of Spirits and Fermented 
 Liquors and Wines of all kinds, imported into the Dominion during fifteen years. 
 
 
 IMPOETED. 
 
 Entered for Home Consumption. 
 
 • 
 
 Tear. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Duty. 
 
 1868 
 
 1869 
 
 1870 
 
 1871 
 
 1872 
 
 1873 
 
 187.4 
 
 1875 
 
 1876 
 
 1877 
 
 1878 
 
 1879 
 
 1880 
 
 1881 
 
 1882 
 
 Dozens. 
 
 8,744 
 
 • • • • 
 
 • • • • 
 
 • • • • 
 
 • • • • 
 
 • • • • 
 
 20,048 
 27,535 
 20,566 
 24,035 
 21,998 
 13,715 
 13,384 
 13,555 
 26,409 
 
 Imp. Galls. 
 2,130,646 
 1,825,248 
 2,171,591 
 2,520,895 
 2,958,188 
 2,863,166 
 2,627,587 
 2,386,106 
 1,776,695 
 1,663,442 
 1,657,875 
 1,316,758 
 1,522,325 
 1,971,187 
 1,966,924 
 
 9 
 
 1,765,861 
 1,513,064 
 1,657,753 
 2,055,688 
 2,609,708 
 2,512,106 
 2,470,451 
 2,278,276 
 1,515,899 
 1,498,040 
 1,507,223 
 1,280,200 
 1,375,735 
 1,858,576 
 1,867,732 
 
 Dozens. 
 7,163 
 
 • • • • 
 
 • • • • 
 
 • • • • . 
 
 • • • • 
 
 • • « t* 
 
 7,267 
 21,419 
 25,741 
 22,070 
 20,042 
 17,574 
 12,072 
 10,557 
 19,483 
 
 Imp. Galls 
 1,964,130 
 1,460,023 
 1,691,944 
 1,938,446 
 2,406,469 
 2,475,373 
 2,849,946 
 1,916,757 
 2,209,884 
 1,448,274 
 1,463,406 
 1,559,910 
 1,450,099 
 1,672,580 
 1,666,173 
 
 1,698,211 
 1,181,849 
 1,369,307 
 1,496,431 
 1,995,437 
 2,142,619 
 2,374,601 
 1,831,095 
 2,087,635 
 1,368,619 
 1,370,762 
 1,519,702 
 1,352,092 
 1,662,435 
 1,667,008 
 
 1,307,403 
 970,592 
 1,099,700 
 1,257,164 
 1,580,186 
 1,582,142 
 1,922,349 
 1,629,346 
 1.895,157 
 1,356,884 
 1,244,289 
 1,395,098 
 1,444,416 
 1,656,718 
 1,661,900 
 
 Totals. . . 
 
 189,019 
 
 31,357,633 
 
 27,766,308 
 
 163,398 28,173,414 
 
 25,067,803 
 
 22,003,350 
 
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74 
 VI I. -COAL TRADE OF THE DOMINION, 1882. 
 
 QUANTITIES OF COAL IMPOETED. 
 
 The follo^ring table shows the quantities of Coal imported into Canada 
 during six years : — 
 
 FISCAL YEARS. 
 
 1877 tons 
 
 1878 " 
 
 1879 " 
 
 1880 " 
 
 1881 « 
 
 1882 " 
 
 From Orrat Britain. 
 
 Hituni'ous. Anthracito 
 
 100,175 
 124,014 
 
 93,600 
 123,322 
 129,428 
 
 9,5,284 
 
 4,111 
 
 2,r>82 
 
 701 
 
 108 
 
 0,395 
 
 839 
 
 From Unitkd Statks, 
 
 Bitnin'ouH. Anthracito 
 
 353,795 
 331,323 
 379,051 
 333,727 
 457,595 
 540,792 
 
 415,869 
 404,389 
 415,722 
 510,561 
 565,097 
 037,434 
 
 Totals. 
 
 Bltutn'ouB. Anthracito 
 
 51.3,970 
 450.090 
 47.3,317 
 457,049 
 587,024 
 630,374 
 
 420,010 
 406,971 
 416,423 
 516,729 
 572,092 
 638,273 
 
 A return made by the Customs Department to an order of the House of 
 Commons at last session, shows that 196,905 tons, and 171,206 tons of Coal, 
 respectively, were exported from Nova Scotia during the fiscal year ended 30th 
 June, 1882, and for the six months ended 31st December, 1882, to the following 
 countries : — 
 
 Fiscal year ended Six months ended 
 30th June, 1882. 31st Dec, 1882. 
 
 * Great Britain 6,112ton8, J,073ton8. 
 
 United States 105,943 « 80,428 " 
 
 Newfoundland 57,004 " 60,235 " 
 
 * British West Indies 753 " 282 " 
 
 Spanish West Indies 18,885 " 13,8'64 " 
 
 * French West Indies 402 " 286 " 
 
 Saint Pierre Miquelon 4,381 <« 3,613 " 
 
 ♦France 300 " 250 « 
 
 ' * Germany 410 " 1,500 « 
 
 ♦Holland '< 200 « 
 
 ♦Russia.. 250 " 250 " 
 
 British Guiana 1,625 " .... " 
 
 ♦Brazil 300 « 159 " 
 
 Mexico 540 " 2,466 « 
 
 Total 190,905 171200 
 
 A note to the return states that the Department has no means of knowing 
 the quantities sent by railway and by water to any ports of Quebec and Ontario. 
 An asterisk (*) is prefixed to names of countries mentioned in the list, to indi- 
 cate that, perhaps, what are designated as exports consisted mostly of bunker-coal, 
 supplied to steamers which called at Nova Scotia ports on the trip. 
 
 1 
 I 
 
 r 
 t 
 
 
 
 S 
 k 
 
 H 
 
75 
 
 The year's business proved to be the largest in the history of the trade, 
 both for domestic and foreign Coal, viz. : — 
 
 Total imports for fiscal year 1,274,047 tons. 
 
 Total Provincial sales to 3 1 st December 1 ,250, 179 <* 
 
 Together 2,524,820 
 
 or 792,926 tons more than the total consumption of 1879. 
 
 The imports of foreign Coal by the River St. Lawrence were on a smaller 
 scale than usual, owing to the demand for freight-room for Steel Rails and other 
 heavy merchandise, and also because of a falling off in timber vessels seeking 
 cargoes at Quebec. Fortunately the Nova Scotia collieries were enabled to improve 
 their facilities, to meet increasing demands, and supplied the deficiency at very 
 moderate rates. Higher rates of freight had, however, to be submitted to ; 
 because, owing to scarcity of sailing tonnage, chartered steamers had to be 
 employed. The average advance was 25c. per ton. 
 
 The great bulk of imports of foreign Coal was from the United States, rather 
 more than one-half being Anthracite. Bituminous Coal was imported into Ontario, 
 during 1882, at lower rates than ever before ; and railway contracts for 1883, 
 deliverable at Suspension Bridge, and as far east as Brockville, were made at 
 greatly reduced figures, compared with those of former years. Anthracite was 
 held firmly during the year, on account of a combination among miners and 
 shippers, prices advancing towards autumn. 
 
 The export trade from Nova Scotia does not increase ; the principal market 
 is the United States, and the duty there of 75c. per ton is almost prohibitory, 
 United States Bituminous Coal being placed in all seaboard ports at very low 
 rates. The recent tariff changes in that country have been met by large reduc- 
 tions in price in favor of foreign ships for bunker purposes. 
 
 The local markets of Nova Scotia are rapidly increasing their consumption, 
 owing to the establishment of various industries, such as Iron and Steel Works, 
 Sugar Refineries, Cotton Mills, Glass Works, and sundry smaller manufactories. 
 
 The total sales in Nova Scotia, during 1882, were from the following 
 localities : — 
 
 Cumberland County 218,349 tons. 
 
 Pictou County 446 137 '« 
 
 Cape Breton , 585,(393 " 
 
 Total 1,250,179 
 
 against a total of 688,624 tons in 1879. 
 
76 
 
 The distribution of the sales during the past two years was as follows : — 
 
 1882. 1881. 
 
 NovaScotia 458,962 tons. 382,411) tonH. 
 
 Quebec and Ontario 38.3,031 '< 2r>8,fi2S " 
 
 New Brunswick 153,617 " 123,626 " 
 
 Newfoundland 79,732 « 62,174 " 
 
 Prince Edward Island 50,096 " 49,31 3 " 
 
 United States 99,302 « 113,728 « 
 
 West Indies 22,38(3 '< 21,620 " 
 
 South America 1,402 " 561 <' 
 
 Europe 1,601 " 13,051 " 
 
 1,250,179 1,036,014 
 
 The consumption of Coal by the Intercolonial Railway amounted to 95,648 
 tons in 1881, and to 127,196 tons in 1882. 
 
 The Coal Fields of British Columbia are being worked extensively ; but, at 
 present, the principal amount raised is shipped to San Francisco. 
 
 Of course, very little has been done yet towards working the Coal Fields of 
 North-West. 
 
 CONSUMPTION OF COAL IN MONTREAL. 
 
 The total importation of Bituminous Coal into Montreal, by water, during 
 1882, was a little over 300,000 tons. Of that quantity less than 30,000 tons 
 came from Great Britain ; while 33,926 tons were brought over the Grand 
 Trunk Railway, from Chaudiere Junction direct from the Nova Scotia mines. 
 Of this quantity, more than one-half was for consumption in this city. 
 
 The imports of Anthracite Coal at Montreal, during 1882, were : — 
 
 YiaChambly Canal 63,000 tons. 
 
 Via River St. Lawrence 93,000 " 
 
 Totalinl88'2 166,000 '« 
 
 Imported in 1881 152,000 « 
 
 Imported in 1880 116,000 « 
 
 I I 
 
 ! ' 
 
77 
 
 VI 1 1. -THE CANADIAN LUMBER TRADE. 
 
 TIMBER, DEALS, PLANKS, AND BOARDS EXPORTED. 
 
 Tftole showing, by countries, the value of Exports of the products of the 
 Forest, tho growth of the Dominion, with totals for the last thirteen years. 
 
 Table showing the quantity and value of Exports of the products of the 
 Forest, the growth of the Dominion, distinguishing between Deals, Planks, Boards 
 and Joists, Square Timber, &c., with the countries to which exported, for 
 fiscal year ended 30th June, 1882, with totals for previous twelve years : — 
 
 Countries to 
 
 which 
 
 Exported. 
 
 Gt. Britain. 
 U. States. . . 
 West India 
 & S. Amerca 
 Other Co'nt. 
 
 Dkalh. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 St. Hd. 
 220,210 
 1,975 
 
 4,659 
 
 :?G,744 
 
 Value. 
 
 6,635,582 
 83,78;! 
 
 254,06!) 
 
 972,067 
 
 PLASK.S, UOARDM & Joi.STH. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 .M. Feet. 
 18,788 
 602,821 
 
 46,058 
 
 :i2,110 
 
 Value. 
 
 258,180 
 7,097,938 
 
 549,373 
 
 .".62,371 
 
 SlJIARK TiMBKK. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Tons. 
 292,531 
 17,031 
 
 150 
 
 4,474 
 
 Value. 
 
 3,591,627 
 52,686 
 
 550 
 
 61,053 
 
 Other. 
 
 Value. 
 
 864,477 
 2,958,626 
 
 131,479 
 
 117,294 
 
 Total 1882. 
 
 ii 
 
 1881. 
 
 <( 
 
 1880. 
 
 (( 
 
 1879. 
 
 II 
 
 1878. 
 
 t( 
 
 1877. 
 
 II 
 
 1876. 
 
 II 
 
 1875. 
 
 II 
 
 1874. 
 
 <i 
 
 1873. 
 
 II 
 
 1872. 
 
 II 
 
 1871. 
 
 u 
 
 1870. 
 
 263,594 
 
 260,305 
 
 213,613! 
 
 210,41l| 
 
 264,465' 
 
 270,284! 
 
 236,318 
 
 219,921 
 
 340,333| 
 
 264,861 
 
 184,536 
 
 148,096 
 
 169,988 
 
 7.945,501 
 8,676,768 
 5,775,634 
 5,243,619 
 7,921,281 
 8,497,042 
 8,076,214 
 8,726,623 
 8,171,223 
 6,372,615 
 5,341,580 
 5,021,762 
 5,143,697 
 
 699,777 
 
 652,261 
 
 681,202' 
 
 446,026 
 
 437,900 
 
 425,220 
 
 421,664 
 
 579,686 
 
 911,794 
 
 901,734 
 
 882,001 
 
 829,550 
 
 846,882 
 
 8,267,802 
 7,101,532 
 5,880,281, 
 4,119,196 
 4,375,152 
 4,513,407, 
 4,647,470 
 6,224,781; 
 9,221,141' 
 11,357,0991 
 8,527,249 
 8,355,874 
 8,256,599j 
 
 314,186 
 523,440 
 269,204 
 209,511 
 364,167 
 651,102 
 467,012 
 671,112' 
 448,631 
 567,375 
 628,765 
 568,806 
 565,537 
 
 3,705,916 
 5,903,306 
 2,425.882 
 1,927,'887 
 4,714,515 
 7,066,158 
 5,024,755 
 6,658,620 
 5,488,353 
 6,216,128 
 6,309,912 
 5,628,630 
 4,525,595 
 
 4,071,776 
 3,278,663 
 2,772,710 
 2,736,047 
 2,500,627 
 2,933,642 
 2,379,625 
 3,171,756 
 3,936,998 
 4,640,974 
 3,506,641 
 3,345,945 
 3,014,543 
 

 78 
 
 LUMBER TRADE OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. 
 
 Estiuiiited cut of loj^s for Saw Mills at Ottawa, and vicinity, during winter 
 1882-83:— 
 
 Ottawa — V t n , 
 
 tout noaru mootiurc. 
 
 Gilmour & Co., Water-power 25 000 000 
 
 Do Steam •• 20,00o'o00 
 
 J MacLari-n & Co., water power 10 OOO 000 
 
 McClymont & Co., •• •' lo|ooo,'o00 
 
 /lull— 
 
 E-BEddy « u ^5,000,000 
 
 Sherrnau, Lord, 1 
 
 & Hurdmans, f " '' 15,000,000 
 
 J. fi. Booth. <> « 40,000,000 
 
 Pattee & Perley " " yi.OOOjOOO 
 
 Brousou & Westons •• " 25 000 000 
 
 Capt. Young (Estate of) water powe'- 12 ooo 000 
 
 John llocliester, steam power 5 qoo 000 
 
 Mason Bros. '• " 2,000,000 
 
 Aylmer — 
 
 Conroy Bros., water power 12 ooo 000 
 
 Nepean — 
 
 Allan Grant 1 o,000,000 
 
 (Capccily, :.'U,(i(Mi,V<iii.) 
 Arvprior — 
 
 McLachlin Bros., steam power ...,".. , ,30 000,000 
 
 JJraeitde — 
 
 Gillies Bros., steam power 18 ooo 000 
 
 Hilliard & Dickson, water power 5,000 000 
 
 Car I don Place — 
 
 Peter McLaren , water and steam power , 25 000 000 
 
 Boyd Caldwell, steam power 10,000 000 
 
 Buckingham — , 
 
 Jas. MacLaren & Co., water power 20 000 000 
 
 John Ross & Co., " " 15,000,000 
 
 Rockland — 
 
 W. C. Edwards & Co., steam power 25 000 000 
 
 North Nation — 
 
 John A. Cameron 18,000,000 
 
 Total feet B. M 41 9,000,000 
 
 This estimate is on the basis of five (5) Standard Logs to each 1000 feet, 
 board measure. An estimate for the season, 1881-82, showed 10,000,000 feet 
 less (409,000,000 feet). The difference, however, was practically much greater; 
 
79 
 
 because the low water in creeks and rivers prevented considerable quantities of 
 logs and square timber from getting forward ; and all that was stuck of that 
 season's cut, had to be left to come down with the cut of last Winter^ 1882-83. 
 It is a little too early yet to determine whether all the logs from ihe Upper 
 Ottawa will get down this year; in the meantime, however, there is no lack of 
 water, and the best use will bo made of that facility. 
 
 The estimated cwt, of Sfjuare Timber in the season, 1881-82 was : — 
 
 Square White Pine 7,:!47,0()0 cubic feet. 
 
 Board Timber a-ia.nno « " 
 
 C2C,000 
 
 set, 
 eet 
 ir; 
 
 Stuck in 1881— 
 
 Square Timber 731 ,000 
 
 Board 
 
 138,000 
 
 7,973,000 « 
 
 809.000 " 
 
 Total White Pine 8,842,000 " " 
 
 Square Red Pine ... 1,025,000 " " 
 
 Stucliinl88l 88,000 " " 
 
 Totallled Pine 1,113,000 " " 
 
 The Secretary did not procure an estimate of the cut of Square Timber for 
 the season 1882-83, in time for this part of Report. The cut, however, accord- 
 ing to the foregoing estimate for manufacture into Lumber, would amount to 
 83,800,000 logs. 
 
 While the increasing demands of commerce are causing the timber forests of 
 Canada to be cut down at a sweeping rate year after year, no protection from tire 
 is enforced by the Goi'ernment, — there has been but a feeble cry raised for the 
 conservation of the forest-patrimony of the Dominion, — there is no planting, and 
 no protection for young trees. Unless this record is speedily reversed, future 
 generations will have good reason to blame their progenitors for their imprudent, 
 even prodigal, mismanagement. 
 
 The following prices with the tables giving a comparative statement of the 
 supply, export, and stock of Timber, &c., at Quebec for a number of years, is 
 collated from the annual circular of Messrs. J. Bell Forsyth & Co. : — 
 
 PRICES. 
 
 WHITE PINE, in the Unft, for inferior ami oniiiuiry .accordirij;- to average, (luality, &c., > c. Ji c. 
 
 measured off 20 to 24 
 
 for Fair averaji-o quality, according to avoraB:e, (in., measured off ^4 " 2" 
 
 for r.ood and (iood Tair average, accurdinn- to average, &c., measured off . . 27 " 32 
 
 for Sujierior, do do &c. do . . 32 " 3(( 
 
 In Shii)ping Order, do do itc 24 " 40 
 
 Waney Board, 18 to ID iiuli, do do &c (t 3.'> " 37 
 
 do lOto 21 incli, do do &c 37 " 40 
 
 RED PINE, in the raft, measured off, according to average and i|uality 13 " 18 
 
 in Shipping Order, 36 to 40 feet, do do 20 " 24 
 
80 
 
 I 
 
 
 I i 
 
 : 
 
 COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF THE SUPPLY, EXPORT, AND STOCK OF 
 
 LUMBER, 
 
 To the iRt December, for the yenrH 1878, 1879, 1880, 1881, and 1882, respectively, — with 
 averages for the same period, and for live years preceding. 
 
 ARTICLES. 
 
 TiMHI'.K. 
 
 Oak Feet 
 
 Elm do 
 
 Ash do 
 
 Hirch do 
 
 Taniarac ilo 
 
 White Pine— 
 
 S(|uare do 
 
 Wanej' do 
 
 I'.ed Pine do 
 
 St.wks. 
 
 Standard Millo 
 
 I'unclieon do 
 
 Uarrol do 
 
 Dkai,s. 
 
 Pine Standard 
 
 Spruce do 
 
 Latiiwood. 
 Red Pine and ) /■,„..j„ 
 Hemlock.. ( ^""^^ 
 
 sri'Pi.Y. 
 
 From Returns from Sujiervisor and others, for 
 year ending 1st December. 
 
 1878 
 
 1,510,223 
 177,053 
 
 40,.595 
 198,811 
 
 29,300 
 
 7,917,750 
 1,84(5,040 
 1,359,750 
 
 300 
 504 
 
 3,940,751 
 3,270,052 
 
 1 ,53.1 
 
 1879 
 
 1880 
 
 835,99", 
 
 330,401 
 
 17,l(il 
 
 121,095 
 
 0,091 
 
 2,,510,7(i2 
 
 l,599,(i35 
 
 741,499 
 
 180 
 109 
 
 3,007,573 
 2,474,805 
 
 104 
 
 1,790,23() 
 9;c,2s:i 
 
 245,480 
 
 .574,314 
 
 ;i0,88!> 
 
 1881 
 
 2,994.477 
 
 1,027,070 
 
 408,798 
 
 110,488 
 
 27,150 
 
 4,244,285 (i,029,041 
 2,235, i,00 3,005,274 
 l,05(i,l()7 1,945,720 
 
 196 
 
 488 1 
 
 Hi 
 
 5,320,000 
 3,500,000 
 
 100 
 
 418 
 071 
 
 4,2.52,285 
 1,. 590,487 
 
 870 
 
 1882 
 
 1,310,719 
 
 714,549 
 
 310,7(i9 
 
 251,920 
 
 .51,975 
 
 8,053,080 
 .3,127,129 
 1,474,871 
 
 .505 
 
 1,4.30 
 
 8(i 
 
 4,011,875 
 3,239,9()0 
 
 164 
 
 Avenifio of 5 years' 
 Sui)|)ly. ■ 
 
 1873 to 1877 1878 1 1882 
 
 3,022,794 
 
 l,273,:i85 
 
 440,257 
 
 522,2()0 
 
 192,329 
 
 11,.579,249 
 2,8()3,720 
 2,000,794 
 
 1,433 
 
 2,104 
 
 21 
 
 5,700,102 
 2,014,033 
 
 925 
 
 1,090,730 
 
 038,723 
 
 204,501 
 
 251,320 
 
 29,202 
 
 5,750,980 
 2,374,830 
 1,315,002 
 
 332 
 
 004 
 
 19 
 
 4,227,097 
 2,810,273 
 
 5.56 
 
 ARTICLES. 
 
 EXPORT. 
 
 From Customs' Returns for year endinjf 
 1st Decemlter. 
 
 Averajfc of 5 years' 
 Export. 
 
 
 1878 
 
 1879 
 
 18S0 
 
 1881 
 
 1882 
 
 1873 to 1877 
 
 1878 to 18S2 
 
 Timber. 
 
 Oak Feet 
 
 Elm do 
 
 Ash do 
 
 Birch do 
 
 Taniarac do 
 
 1,077,300 
 
 559,700 
 
 139,880 
 
 202,760 
 
 1,040 
 
 } 8,149,120 
 1,249,840 
 
 598 
 j 1,1.52 
 
 3,092,990 
 2,8«9,001 
 
 1,332 
 
 1,081,000 
 544,040 
 172,480 
 190,480 
 
 2.310,840 
 
 1,041,800 
 
 293,520 
 
 5.58,840 
 
 1,883,300 
 797,100 
 355,080 
 273,880 
 
 1,957,320 
 778,300 
 297,040 
 213,080 
 
 3,120,440 
 
 902,804 
 
 300,088 
 
 540,024 
 
 2,128 
 
 12,594,912 
 1,542,610 
 
 1,324 
 2,081 
 
 5,082,745 
 2,193,577 
 
 1,.502 
 
 1,1K)3,176 
 
 744,224 
 
 2.51,720 
 
 289,128 
 
 208 
 
 White Pine- 
 Square do 
 
 Waney do 
 
 Red Pine do 
 
 .Stavkh. 
 Standard... Mille 
 
 5,,300,44() 
 813,800 
 
 0(iO 
 843 
 
 4,202,210 
 
 2,852,500 
 
 595 
 
 11,552,50(1 
 1,433,200 
 
 392 
 921 
 
 5,823,203 
 3,200,130 
 
 028 
 
 9,101,880 
 922,000 
 
 480 
 002 
 
 3,87(i,187 
 3,097,.U2 
 
 684 
 
 7,912,100 
 1,024,080 
 
 450 
 850 
 
 3,148,(i88 
 2,787,309 
 
 320 
 
 8,403,2.32 
 1,088,704 
 
 516 
 
 Puncheon do 
 
 Barrel do 
 
 Duals. 
 Pine Standard 
 
 874 
 
 4,148,070 
 2,905,388 
 
 694 
 
 Spruce do 
 
 L.\THW00D. 
 Red Pine and ) „ . 
 Hemlock., f ^""^^^ 
 
81 
 
 332 
 
 004 
 19 
 
 ARTICLES. 
 
 TOTAL STOCK. 
 
 INCLUDING MERCHANTABLE AND CULLS, 
 On til 1st December. 
 
 Averajfe of 6 years' 
 Stock. 
 
 
 1878 
 
 1879 
 
 1880 
 
 1881 
 
 1882 
 
 1873 to 1877 
 
 1878 to 1882 
 
 Timber. 
 
 Oak Feet 
 
 Elm do 
 
 2,078,498 
 652,747 
 450,012 
 116,195 
 159,931 
 
 15,115,563 
 3,189,720 
 1,723,760 
 
 948 
 
 1,363 
 
 2 
 
 4,028,052 
 1,310,209 
 
 639 
 
 1,149,200 
 
 331,530 
 
 265,840 
 
 31,029 
 
 85,727 
 
 12,139,523 
 
 2,217,888 
 1,669,395 
 
 405 
 
 770 
 
 1 
 
 2,233,406 
 682,634 
 
 174 
 
 656 026 
 237,610 
 130,317 
 176,693 
 112,991 
 
 6,197,318 
 
 797,340 
 
 1,372,572 
 
 206 
 
 271 
 
 12 
 
 1,626,158 
 516,110 
 
 90 
 
 1,916,622 
 
 499,912 
 
 210,101 
 
 51,092 
 
 30,664 
 
 4,526,102 
 1,519,950 
 2,145,833 
 
 220 
 
 280 
 
 10 
 
 1,708,597 
 810,028 
 
 164 
 
 1,302,153 
 
 530,611 
 
 212,422 
 
 78,413 
 
 8,598 
 
 6,532,152 
 3,354,943 
 2,302,024 
 
 293 
 
 1,007 
 
 53 
 
 2,507,704 
 1,012,920 
 
 45 
 
 2,630,364 
 
 l,238,.'i02 
 
 .563,922 
 
 211,396 
 
 1(38,396 
 
 ll,i;«,630 
 3,305,778 
 2,428,900 
 
 1,545 
 
 4,317 
 
 59 
 
 3,786,888 
 1,303,327 
 
 4.56 
 
 1,432,499 
 450,483 
 
 Ash do 
 
 Birch do 
 
 Tamarac do 
 
 White Pine 
 
 Square do 
 
 Wanoy do 
 
 Red Pine do 
 
 Staves. 
 
 Standard Mille 
 
 Puncheon do 
 
 Barrel do 
 
 Deals. 
 
 Pine Standard 
 
 Spruce do 
 
 LAT!!WO(i . 
 
 Red Pine and ) „ . 
 Hemlock . ( ^°™^ 
 
 255,058 
 90,804 
 79,582 
 
 8,901,732 
 2,213,969 
 1,854,837 
 
 415 
 
 738 
 
 16 
 
 2,420,783 
 866,192 
 
 232 
 
 IX. -THE TRADE IN BREADSTUFFS. 
 
 656 
 
 Imports and Exports of Grain, Flour and Meal during the last six fiscal years. 
 
 1 1SS2 
 
 filO 
 874 
 
 48,070 
 05,:J88 
 
 094 
 
 Imports. 
 
 1881-82. 
 
 1880-81. 
 
 1879-80. 
 
 1878-79. 
 
 1877-78. 
 
 1870-77. 
 
 Maize bush. 
 
 Wheat « 
 
 Other Grain,... " 
 
 Flour brls. 
 
 Meal 
 
 3,918,031 
 
 2,931,220 
 
 87,706 
 
 200,716 
 
 134,490 
 
 7,454,892 
 
 7,339,681 
 
 105,970 
 
 236,433 
 
 179,263 
 
 6,377,387 
 
 7,521,594 
 
 214,237 
 
 113,035 
 
 173,896 
 
 7,617,421 
 
 4,768,733 
 
 2,190,382 
 
 315,044 
 
 17,5,172 
 
 7,387 507 
 
 5,635,411 
 
 2,621,581 
 
 316,403 
 
 231,470 
 
 8,260,079 
 
 4,589,051 
 
 2,142,487 
 
 549,063 
 
 302,614 
 
 
 
 Totals bush. 
 
 9,283,787 
 
 16,983,076 
 
 15,547,873 
 
 17,321,702 
 
 18,416,379 
 
 li),:!ll,052 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Barley bush. 
 
 Maize *' 
 
 11,588,446 
 
 2,229,900 
 
 4,148,865 
 
 3,521,496 
 
 1,281,678 
 
 6,433,533 
 
 187,760 
 
 508,120 
 
 54,520 
 
 8,811,278 
 
 5,257,604 
 
 2,926,531 
 
 4,245,,590 
 
 870,296 
 
 9,092,279 
 
 2,887 
 
 501,455 
 
 56,541 
 
 7,241,379 
 
 4,547,942 
 
 ■1,742,0J.S 
 
 3,819,U2 
 
 970.46:i 
 
 12,169,493 
 
 15,488 
 
 561,484 
 
 115,602 
 
 5,39,3,212 7,543,.342 
 5,4:29,359! 3.987,600 
 2,514,598 •2.r.>,().Hi] 
 
 6,587,180 
 4,083.174 
 
 Oats " 
 
 3,996,156 
 
 l,753,4:i9 
 
 95,065 
 
 3.559.095 
 
 Peas " 
 
 Rye " 
 
 Wheat " 
 
 2,715,252 
 641,094 
 
 9,767,555 
 
 5,439 
 
 580,776 
 
 104 979 
 
 2,420,019 
 452,420 
 
 8,509,243 
 
 5,920 
 
 479,245 
 
 177,002 
 
 Other Grain.... " 
 Flour brls. 
 
 3,928 
 276,439 
 
 Meal " 
 
 35,509 
 
 
 
 Totals bush. 
 
 32,477,478 
 
 34,379,150 
 
 37,429,227 
 
 30,406,464 
 
 39,580,024 
 
 21,917,926 
 
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 X. -TRADE IN DAIR Y PRODUCE. 
 
 The figures in the following table show exportations of Butter during a 
 period of thirteen fiscal years, ending 30th June. 
 
 
 
 Product of Canad.v. 
 
 Not Product of Canada 
 
 Total. 
 
 Average Val. 
 
 per lb. 
 Can. Prod. 
 
 
 Quantity, 
 lbs. 
 
 Value. 
 
 .8 
 
 Quantity, 
 lbs. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Quantity, 
 lbs. 
 
 Value. 
 
 1870... 
 1871 ... 
 
 
 12,259,887 
 15,439,266 
 19,068,448 
 15,208,633 
 12,233,046 
 9,268,044 
 12,250,066 
 14,691,789 
 13,006,626 
 14,307,977 
 18,535,362 
 17,649,491 
 15,161,839 
 
 2,353,370 
 3,065,229 
 3,612,679 
 2,808,979 
 2,620,305 
 2,337,324 
 2,540,894 
 3,073,409 
 2,382,237 
 2,101,897 
 3,058,039 
 3,573,034 
 2,936,156 
 
 V,7io 
 
 2,843 
 
 62,726 
 142,301 
 787,761 
 497,491 
 228,265 
 352,341 
 170,787 
 176,649 
 
 
 
 1,546 
 
 713 
 
 12,803 
 
 38,537 
 
 151,572 
 
 1,960 
 
 36,550 
 
 61,093 
 
 38,854 
 
 .39,014 
 
 12,259,887 
 15,439,260 
 19,068,448 
 15,216,343 
 12,235,889 
 9,330,7 70 
 12,392,367 
 15,479,550 
 13,504,117 
 14,53:J,2:2 
 18,887,70 i 
 17,820,2-8 
 15,3''o,488 
 
 2,353,370 
 3,065,229 
 3,612,679 
 2,810,525 
 2,621,018 
 2,350,127 
 2,579,431 
 3,224,981 
 2,447,197 
 2,138,447 
 ,3,119,162 
 3,611,888 
 2,975,170 
 
 .... 
 
 1772 .. 
 
 
 
 1873 .. . 
 
 
 18^ c. 
 
 1'5^ 0. 
 20| c. 
 '20'i c. 
 
 1874... 
 1875... 
 
 1876 ... 
 
 1877 ... 
 
 
 1878 ... 
 
 
 18^ c. 
 14^ c. 
 16ic. 
 20] c. 
 19 J c. 
 
 1879 ... 
 1880... 
 1881 ... 
 
 
 1882 ... 
 
 
 
 
 
 The figures in the following table show exportations of Cheese during a 
 period of thirteen fiscal years, ending 30th June. 
 
 Ykars. 
 
 Product of Canada. 
 
 Not Product of Canada. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Average Val. 
 
 Quantity. 
 !bs. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Quantity. 
 lb.s. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Quantity. 
 11)8. 
 
 Value. 
 
 3 
 
 per lb. 
 Can. Prod. 
 
 1870 
 
 1871 
 
 1872 
 
 1873 
 
 1874 
 
 187.P, 
 
 5,827,782 
 8,271,439 
 16,424,025 
 19,483,'2ll 
 24,050,982 
 32.342.030 
 
 674,486 
 1,109,906 
 1,840,284 
 2,280,412 
 ,3,523,201 
 3,886 226 
 3,751,268 
 3,748,575 
 3,997,521 
 3,790,300 
 3,893,366 
 5,510,443 
 5,500,868 
 
 24,072 
 298,820 
 221,894 
 2,861,166 
 1,770,397 
 1,316,845 
 3,202,380 
 3,072,134 
 5,475,497 
 4,518,118 
 
 2,832 
 3.3,354 
 26,756 
 298,740 
 149,393 
 123,780 
 244,450 
 200,680 
 581,091 
 478,669 
 
 5,827,782 
 8,271,439 
 16,424,025 
 19,507,283 
 24,349,802 
 32,563,924 
 37,885,256 
 37,700,921 
 39,: 7 1,139 
 49,616,415 
 43,441,112 
 54.713,020 
 5.5,325,167 
 
 6Ti,486 
 1,109.906 
 1,840,284 
 2,283,244 
 3,556.553 
 3,912/J82 
 4,050,008 
 3,897.968 
 4,121,301 
 4,034,750 
 4,094,046 
 6,091,534 
 5,979,537 
 
 • • • • 
 
 • • • • 
 
 • • • • 
 
 life. 
 14jc. 
 12 c 
 
 1876 
 
 1877 
 
 1878 
 
 1879 
 
 1880 
 
 1881 
 
 1882 
 
 3.5,024,090 
 35,930,524 
 38,054,294 
 46,414,035 
 40,368,678 
 49,255,523 
 50,807,049 
 
 10| c. 
 10| c. 
 lo| c. 
 
 sic. 
 
 9|c. 
 lUc. 
 11 c. 
 
 The figures in the following table show the exportations of Eggs, the product 
 of Canada, during a period of thirteen fi cal years. 
 
 Years. 
 
 Dozens. 
 
 Taluf,. 
 
 Years. 
 
 DOZF.S.S. 
 
 Valui?. 
 
 1870 
 
 2,460,687 
 3,312,145 
 .3,724,977 
 3,75.3,781 
 4,407,534 
 3,521,068 
 ■■ 880.813 
 
 $314,812 
 424,033 
 454,511 
 509,447 
 587,599 
 434,273 
 508,425 
 
 1877 
 
 5,025,953 
 5,268,170 
 5.440,828 
 6,452,580 
 9,090,135 
 10,499,082 
 
 $5,34,891 
 647 144 
 
 1871 
 
 1878 
 
 1872 
 
 1879 
 
 574,095 
 
 740,663 
 
 1,103,812 
 
 1873 
 
 1880 
 
 1874 
 
 1881, 
 
 1875 
 
 1882 
 
 1,643,709 
 
 1876 
 
 
 
 
 
mm 
 
 84 
 
 The principal customers of Canada, for Butter, in 1882, were : — Great 
 Britain, to the extent of 11,358,125 lbs.; United States, 2,711,977 lbs.; and 
 Newfoundland, 1,038,119 lbs. Of Cheese, in 1882, 55,073,762 lbs. were shipped 
 to Great Britain, and 156,024 lbs. to the United States. Of Eggs, Great Britain 
 took 370,134 dozen, and the United States, 10,115,315 dozen. 
 
 XI.-THE CATTLE EXPORT TRADE. 
 
 Statement showing the number and value of Live Stock imported into, [ex- 
 clusive of Animals for improvement of Stock,] and exported from Canada 
 during the past eight fiscal years ended 30th June. 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Horses. 
 
 Horned Cattle. 
 
 Swine. 
 
 Sheep. 
 
 Total Value. 
 
 No. 
 
 Value. 
 
 No. 
 
 Value. 
 
 No. 
 
 Value. 
 
 No. 
 
 Value. 
 
 1874-r).... 
 
 1,22,5 
 
 lj!59,202 
 
 4,.580 
 
 !?105,655 
 
 58,729 
 
 3816,1,53 
 
 8,690 
 
 « 18,777 
 
 $999,787 
 
 1875-6.... 
 
 l,.'i80 
 
 82,101 
 
 6,397 
 
 161,491 
 
 .51,885 
 
 622,659 
 
 11,8,56 
 
 23,240 
 
 892,491 
 
 1876-7.... 
 
 1,470 
 
 76,966 
 
 8,0,56 
 
 221,337 
 
 13,611 
 
 181,097 
 
 11,617 
 
 21,817 
 
 .501,217 
 
 1877-8.... 
 
 1,590 
 
 61,308 
 
 5„597 
 
 133,736 
 
 14,704 
 
 116,922 
 
 10,506 
 
 20,444 
 
 332,410 
 
 1878-9. . . . 
 
 1,563 
 
 64,442 
 
 6,174 
 
 238,868 
 
 16,215 
 
 115,523 
 
 11,383 
 
 2'<,097 
 
 441,930 
 
 1879-80... 
 
 1,017 
 
 52.852 
 
 3,211 
 
 88,614 
 
 12,232 
 
 126,018 
 
 8,647 
 
 20,422 
 
 287,906 
 
 1880-1... 
 
 786 
 
 47,393 
 
 8,105 
 
 220,230 
 
 *2,447 
 
 19,9.53 
 
 8,303 
 
 17,9,52 
 
 305,528 
 
 1881-2.... 
 
 2,521 
 
 185,145 
 
 8,939 
 
 233,720 
 
 2,035 
 
 21,967 
 
 10,034 
 
 25,729 
 
 466,. 561 
 
 Exports. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1874-r).... 
 
 4,382 
 
 S 460,672 
 
 38,968 
 
 8823,522 
 
 16,779 
 
 8152,252 
 
 242,4.38 
 
 S637,561 
 
 $2,074,007 
 
 187.1-6.... 
 
 4,300 
 
 443,038 
 
 25,898 
 
 645,449 
 
 3,886 
 
 14,541 
 
 141,187 
 
 507,538 
 
 1,610,566 
 
 1876-7.... 
 
 8,341 
 
 795,144 
 
 24,127 
 
 846,520 
 
 2,063 
 
 11,811 
 
 209,899 
 
 583,020 
 
 2,236,495 
 
 1877-8.... 
 
 14,207 
 
 1,277,028 
 
 30,456 
 
 1,214,773 
 
 3,201 
 
 23,255 
 
 242,989 
 
 699,337 
 
 3,215,293 
 
 1878-9.... 
 
 16,635 
 
 1,377,944 
 
 49,257 
 
 2,294,286 
 
 6,498 
 
 61,147 
 
 308,393 
 
 989,613 
 
 4,722,990 
 
 1879-80... 
 
 21,393 
 
 1,880,379 
 
 54,944 
 
 2.764,437 
 
 6,229 
 
 41,281 
 
 398,746 
 
 1,422,830 
 
 6,108,927 
 
 1880-1 .... 
 
 22,008 
 
 2,099,724 
 
 62. .512 
 
 3,489,611 
 
 2,819 
 
 11,841 
 
 3.54,2,53 
 
 1,375,043 
 
 6,976,220 
 
 1881-2.... 
 
 21,006 
 
 2,3.58,S.S7 
 
 62,337 
 
 3,285,4.52 
 
 3.263 
 
 10,875 
 
 311,669 
 
 1,228,9.57 
 
 6,884,171 
 
 * The figures for 1879-80 and previous years, covered the number of Swine imported " to be slaughtered 
 in bond for exportation," but in those for 1880-81, and following years, this item is omitted, the Customs 
 returns giving the quantity by weight instead of number, the aggregate number of Swine imported cannot 
 therefore be stated. The figures of Swine imported to be slaughtered in bond for exportation, are as 
 follows :— 
 
 1880-81 -10,136,149 lbs. Value, $5.35,172. 1881-82-..6.041,960. Value, 403,844. 
 
 li-Vl 
 
 'ill 
 
 : i I, 
 
 .U I 
 
 :*.. 
 
 These tabular statements indicate the large increase in the supply of home- 
 raised Cattle, the value of the imports of the year last given being less than 
 seven per cent, of the value of the exports, which have increased over 300 per 
 cent, during the last five years. The bulk of the export trade in 1881-82 was 
 nearly equally divided between the United States and Great Britain ; the fiujures 
 for the former $3,485,'J(!2, two-thirds of which was for horses ; while Great 
 Britain's share was $3,233,723, horned Cattle forming nearly seven-eighths of 
 the amount. 
 
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86 
 
 XIII.-DIRECT TRADE WITH FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 
 
 ] 
 
 GENERAL REMARKS. 
 
 An examination of the tabular statements on pp. 62 to 66 inclusive, will show, 
 for a series of years, the extent and progress of the trade between Canada and 
 Foreign Countries, — the tables on pp. 69, 70, indicating the change that has 
 taken place with reference to a single staple product (Sugar) of the West Indies 
 and Brazil. It would be interesting to go into more detail respecting the com- 
 merce of foreign countries with T^hich the Dominion is entering upon more 
 intimate relations; but so much space has already been occupied with the 
 Preliminary Subjects, that further elaboration must be deferred. 
 
 Profitable development is looked forward to ; and the Parliament of Canada 
 has acted in a liberal spirit, by enabling the Government to make contracts with, 
 and give subsidies to particular steamship lines, for service between the Dominion 
 and certain ports of the Continent of Europe and of South America. 
 
 Brazil. — Some unforeseen difi&culties have been encountered in connection 
 with the line of steamships that was established a year or two ago for communi- 
 cation between Canada and Brazil, in consequence of which the service has been 
 suspended for a little, —but to be immediately resumed under new auspices. A 
 good deal of information has been given in former Reports of this series, relating 
 to trade with the seaboard ports of Brazil. The Government of Canada has 
 been liberal in its grants, and far from over-exacting in the terms of its contract. 
 It would seem, however, that some of the conditions attached to the Brazilian 
 subsidy, if strictly enforced at the beginning of the experiment that has been 
 attempted, would hardly make the grant any help towards fostering the enterprize. 
 
 France. — A subsidy has been granted by Canada towards the running of 
 a monthly line of steamships to and from a port in France, probably Havre. 
 The contract, it is understood will be carried out by the parties interested in the 
 revival of the line to Brazil. 
 
 Germany. — A subsidy has also been given for a monthly service between 
 Canada and Germany, the port named being either Hamburg or Bremen. 
 Steamships are to be placed on this line immediately. 
 
 Belgium. — Direct commercial relations between Canada and Belgium, which 
 were entered upon a number of years ago, by a line of sailing vessels between 
 Antwerp and the River St. Lawrence, have gone on steadily increasing, the 
 enterprise having culminated in a monthly line of steamships, with the prospect 
 of its expanding into fornightly service. This Company (the " White Cross 
 Line,") has also obtained a subsidy for monthly trips.