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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m^thode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 1 Ol 6 y-T^'^iW REPORT OF COMMITTEE APPOINTED BY TEE PBOYmCIAL SYNOD, TO ENQUIRE INTO AND REPORT UPON THE INDIAN MISSIONS OP THE CHURCH IN THIS PROVINCE. #'• IJRead and adopted at the Ath Session of the Provincial Synody held, at Montreal, September, 1868.] 0k .ASlw. y- tsr- -M& QUEBEC: PRINTED BY G. T. GARY, " DAILY EVENING MERCURY " OFFICE. w. REPORT ON INDIAN MISSIONS. The Committee appointed by the Provincial Synod to en- ■quire into and report upon the Indian Missions of the Church in this Province, gladly avail themselves of the opportunity to bring under the notice of the Synod the condition and prospects of the Indian tribes, scattered throughout the Dio- ■ceses embraced within its jurisdiction. When European colonists first entered on the settlement of these Provinces, the great valley of the St. Lawrence and the whole western peninsula were occupied by numerous tribes of Iroquois, Hurons, Ojibways and other Indian nations. Of these, the Iroquois entered into friendly alliance with the English colonists, faithfully maintained their relations with them, and followed their fortunes in the war of Independence ; hence bodies of the Six Nation Indians now settled on the Bay of Quinte and on the Grand River, in western Canada, are the descendants of the loyal Indian tribes who maintained their fidelity to the British Crown, and the first colonists of Upper Canada. Of the Hurons, who were the original occupants of an important region of western Canada, and the friendly allies of the French colonists, one small branch is now settled on the Charles River, below Quebec, and another in the town- ship of Andertoir in the West. Other large bodies of Iroquois are settled at St. Lewis, St. Regis and other points in the Dioceses of Montreal and Quebec, along with Abenaquis, Aimalicitcs and Micmacs. And in the Province of Ontario, still larger bodies of Algonquins of various tribes are congregated at different points, both on the mainland and on the Islands of Lake Huron. Many of these Indians are settled on reserves 3^313-? under tho caro of the Indian Department ; but a conniderable number of thom wander in an improvident and unsettled condition, deprived of tlio old resources of their hunting grounds, and fj-cqucntly reduced to great misery by the in- direct influences of European Colonisation. But besides these, there is still included within the Diocese of Toronto tho whole of the extensive region lying between Lakes Huron and Superior, and the height of land which forms the Houthorn boundary of the Hudson's Bay, embracing an enormous tract with numerous Indian tribes still living in the condition of savage Pagans. From enquiries instituted for the purpose of ascertaining the requirements for Indian Mission work by our Church, it is estimated that there are not less than 15,000 aborigines still surviving within the area of the united Provinces repre- sented by this Synod, apart from those of the Eastern Pro- vinces and the Diocese of Eupert's Land. Hitherto, however, the Missionary work on behalf of the aborigines, has been carried on on a scale wholly inadequate to the wants of the numerous tribes thus, as it ^vere, com- mitted to our caro ; and to a great extent, by means of funds supplied from the mother country. But the time has now come when a great and an united eftbrt on the part of our own Church, to occupy this important field of Missionary labour, cannot longer be delayed. Thousands are perishing within our reach in pagan dark- ness. A new generation is growing up, still immersed in gross superstition, and with the vices of the savage too frequently iggravated by those which they have learned from inter- jourse with the whHes. Year by year fresh encroachments vre made on the territories of ancient nations or the reserves leded by treaty to their survivors. Within the present cen tury whole tribes have disappeared from our midst, and in localities where many still living can remember them as numerous, they are almost or altogether unknown. When we reflect that their loss is our gain ; that our towns tknd cities are rising on the land once belonging to those Indian nations; that our schools, colleges, and churches, are built on the sites of their native villages ; and our clearings have eradicated their hunting grounds ; it cannot be too strongly impressed on us that we are under deep obligations to them in return. While labouring to plant and extend the church in these provinces, we cannot overlook the Holemn obligation that rests upon us to care for the souls of those whose earthly inheritance we are approiH'iating to our own use ; and who are perishing in our midst, as the inevitable result of our progress. . It is the duty of the Church to gather into the fold of ChiiSt the remnants of these simple children of the forest still within reach of its missionary labours, and who, if not now brought under the blessed influences of the Gospel, and cheered by its glad tidings, will, ere long, be beyond the reach of its promises and its blessings. Amid the numerous pressing claims of the Church in these provinces, it may justly feel exempt from obligation to share in the noble missionary enterprise which the mother church is now carr3'ing on in every quarter of the Globe ; but the Indians of British North America are in a peculiar manner committed to our care ; a grave and solemn responsibility rests upon us, as a Church, to rescue them ere too late from the degradation of heathenism and to make them sharers with ourselves in the blessings of salvation. The following statement of the several Indian Missions in connection with the Church, within the various dioceses of this Ecclesiastical Province, obtained from the Missionaries, is here presented : DIOCESES OP QUEBEC AND MONTREAL. The only tribe of Indians under the teaching of the Church iin these Dioceses is that called the Abenaquis. This Mission 6 is under the charge of the Rev. O. Fortin, B. A., and is situate od on the St. Francis River, which licro forms the boundary between the two Dioceses. The reserve, which is considerable^ extends on both sides of the River, from the Rapids to tho Lake; aiid is confirmed to the tribe by an Act of Parliament. The i)opulation is 36G; Christians not increasing nor yet diminisliing. The Church is a neat ujid substantial structure, well appointed, and will accommodate 150. Averp;;o winter attendance, 50. Number of communicants, 22. " There is a school held in a rented building, taught by a native, who is supported by the 8abrevois Mission. Attend- ance, 28. "There is cause for encouragement in a spii-itual point of view. A few in the Mission, from confirmed drunkards, have become earnest zealous Christians. Many have taken tho pledge, and hitherto the majority have kept their voav." " The temporal progress of the Mission has been veiy marked during tho last three years. A7e only began our work hero four years ago, and everything had to be done. A School was established, a Church and Parsonage erected, and a suffi- ciently largo piece of land purchased to provide tho Mission- ary with a garden." DIOCESE OF ONTARIO.— MOHAWKS, B. Q. There is but one Indian Mission in this Diocese, viz: That among the MohaAvks of the Bay of Quinte. The Missionary, the Rev. CI. Anderson, M. A., rcpoi'ts;— He has now been 18 years resident among them. The Indians contribute SGOO to- wards his support, besides appropriating 80 acres as a Glebe, on which are erected a comfortable Parsonaije and outbuildinc-s. These Indians have a reserve of 18,000 acres, situated on the shores of the Bay of Quinte, secured to them by Letters Patent. The population this year is 683, exceeding that of the last by 19. There are two schools ; one supported by the^ V^ New England Company, (tho oldest Missionary Society in ('roat Britain, A. B., 1666,) average attendance, 19; the other by the tribe ; attendance, 24. There are in this Mission two handHomo stone Churches, well appointed, built for tho most part by the Mohawks. Those Clmrchos are well attended. Comnuinleants, 108. HURON. In this Diocese there are several interesting and successful missions. Of those, tho Mission to the Six Nation Indiiiiis of tho Grand llivor, is tho largest and most important. There are three Missionaries, viz : llev. Messrs. Nelles, Elliot and Roberts. It is situated on an Indian reserve of about 50,000 acres, on the south side of the Grand River. The po- pulation, according to the last return, is 2780. They have gradually increased in numbers for several years past. About two-thirds are women and children. One third of tho whole aro still pagans. Besides the old Mohawk Church, (which is supposed to be tho oldest church edifice in Ontario.) there are two others ; one a frame building at Tuscarora in good rej)air, and another very handsome new brick edifice at Kanyeageh ; each of those will accommodate about 300. At present thcro are eight schools in successful operation, at which there aro 366 children in attendance :— about an equal number of boys and girls. At the Mohawk Institution the children, 00, are boarded, and instructed in various branches of useful labor. The progress of these children is much moi'O marked thaji in the other schools, owing to irregularity of attendance at the latter. The Missionaries and School Teachers, as well a.s the Mohawk Institution, are all supported by the New England Company, who, for the last two centuries, have proved them- selves the kind and generous benefactors of several Indian tribes of this continent. 8 DELAWARE AND CAHADOC MISSION. Thin MiMsion is umlor the (•liivr<,'o oi a faithl'ul mitivo Clergy man, tho Ilov. If. P. ('Imno, and cmbrat'cs four tribes sottlcd in tho townships of Dolawaro, Caradoc, and Orlbrd, viz: the MunHooH, D^lawaroH, Oncidan and OjihwayH. Tho three former migrated from tho United StatoH nomo yearn ago ; and having Hold f)ut their posHOwsions there, purchased the land on \vhich they reside. The hite Rev. R. hMood, a devoted Mis. Hionary, was instrumental ill converting many of these In- dians, and bringing others from other folds into tho Church, and materially improving their moral and social condition. The Munsoes, who reside in the Township of Caradoe, havo n commodious brick Chur"h, in which two services are held each Sunday; average (joint) attendance, 100. Tho total population at this station, Munsees andOjibvvays inclusive, is 600. The Munsees have a School, the teacher of which isjtaid by tho Church Society of tho Diocese ; average attendance, 30. Tho Ojibways have two schools, and suitable houses ; the teachers are paid from Indian funds. Attendance at each, 25. Communicants, 114. ft ONEIDAS. This tribe is located in the Township of Delaware. Popu- lation, 550. Previous to their removal into Canada they joined tho Protestant Episcopal Church, and had to a great extent adopted tho habits of civilized life. They are now surrounded by the comforts and conveniences of a farming people. Finding tho congregation (which averages 100,) growing too large for tho school-room, they have taken in hand the erection of a Church which will be completed in October. The communicants here are 54. There being no per- manent provision for a teacher at this station, the Missionary expresses his regret that the school is irregularly kept. 9 THE DELAWARES. This tribe Hottlod many yoarH Kinco in the Townnhip of Orford, under tho spiritual, cure of Moruvion MiMHionarios. Many of them have, however, united with the Church. They have a coriifortublo Ciuirch, a Hchool-houso and muHterpaid by the Indian Department. Average congregation, 70. The MiHsionary rcportw that during tlie past five yearn^ 234 members of these tribcH have Ijeen admitted to the Com- munion of the Church by the rite of (/onfirmation. OJIBWAYH OF HARNIA. This band occu])ieH a reserve of 7500 acres allotted to them by the government, on the Iliver Ht. Clair. The llev. E. F. Wilson, a grandson of the late Bishop of Calcutta, has devoted himself to labour among tlio scattered remnants of this tribe under the auspices of the Church Missionary Society. He has just entered on his work, and reports, that the population in this reserve is about 400, about 16 families ^^rofess to belong to tho Church. Communicants 15. lie proposes to erect a Mission House School. A church to accommodate 150 is in course of erection — the Indians voluntarily iielping. There are other bands of this tribe, to which Mr. Wilson devotes ais attention ; — one at Kettle Point, on Lake Huron, 30 miles from Sarnia, which is visited alternately every fortnight by tho Missionary and Interpreter. There are about 100 Ojibways on this reserve, which comprises 5000 acres. The services and school here are held at a private, house, there being no church or school-house. These poor people are anxious for a teacher, — the present instruction being given voluntarily by an Indian — supplemented by tho Missionary and Interpreter, on their visits. The attendance both at the school and service is very encouraging. There is another settlement of this tribe on an extensive reserve at Cape Croker, Lake Huron. Population 350. About \ 10 eight families profess to belong to the Chuich. There is a good school-house here with teacher supported by the Church Society of the Huron Diocese; about 25 children attend. The service is regularly read in Irtdian on Sundays, by a lay reader — average attendance, 20. A log church in course of erection is unfortunately at a stand for want of funds. Another band of this tribe is settled on two reserves, at Saugeen, near Southampton ; there are about 250 on each, all Ojibways. Many of these Indians were originally attached to the church, but have been lost for want of a missionary. There are still a few families who retain their attachment to her. The special oversight of these isolated bands having been confided to l>r. Wilson, the happiest results may bo anticipated from his zeal and influence. WAI;P0LE ISLAND, The Committee regret that there is no report from this interesting mission. The Church Society of the Diocese of Huron expend annually about $900 in supjiorting missionaries, school masters and interpreters among the IndiaiiS. DIOCESE OP TORONTO. In this Diocese there are two Indian Missions: one at Garden Eivor, near the Sault Ste. Marie. — This mission is situated on an extensive Reserve made by the Crown oiad is under the charge of the Rev. Mr. Chance,* who is supported by the New England Company. Mrs. Ciiance, who assists her husband as school-mistress,, is paid by the Colonial Church and School Society. The number of Church Indians at this station is 120, of whom 42 are communicants. The number of children attend- ing the school is 29. There f.rc a church, school and mission i>> ■ 11 house &t this station. The other mission is that on the Manitoulin Island. The Eev. J. Sims is in charge of this mission, with his head quarters at Skegwaindah. lie is supported by grants of equal amount from the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, the Colonial and Continental Church and School Society, and the Mission Board of the Diocese. The Indian Department makes an allowance (£50) for the support of one master, and the Mission Board appropriate arnually S300 towards the support of a teacher at Little Current, besides grants towards buildings within the mission, trp.vclling expenses of the missionaries and an interpreter. The S. P. G. has intimated its intention of withdrawing its grant after the present year. The number of Indians on the island attached to the Church is 184, of these 34 are communicants. They are scattered in small settlements a^ Manitowaning, Little Current, Sheguain- dah, and La Cloche, and are mingled with others who are still pagans. Many of the latter are favourably disposed to Christianity and anxious for schools among them. A largo aad interesting field f(»r missionary exertion among the Indians extends along the north shore of 'Lake Superior, and on the Islands and on the lakes and rivers of the interior, where openings abound, which a want of men and means have hitherto ]u*evonted the Church from entering upon the improvement of The late Bishop of Toronto was, for many years, anxious that a missionary Bishop should be appointed for that region ; and the speedy opening up of that territory for settlement now presses it on the consideration of the clun*ch ; your Committee therefore earnestly hope that the Memorial of the Diocese of Toronto in that behalf will receive due ji'tention at this meet- ing of the Provincial Synod. The time has come when it is indispensable for the Cana- dian Church to bear a more adequate share than she has 12 hitherto done in the groat work committed to the Apostles and to the Church in every age, to preach the Gospel to every creature whom its glad tidings may have yet failed to reach ; and in a peculiar manner it is incumbent on us to carry those glad tidings to the poor perishing Indians, who, on the very outskirts of our prosperous and happy settlements, are still in pagan darkness. In suggesting methods for raising the necessary means for carrying on this good work among them, the Committee would invito attention to the following extract from a letter nf the Bishop of Eupert's Land to the lato lamented Metropo- litan, who strongly commended it to their notice : — " I believe sermons and meetings for the heathen would vastly aid your homo work. I can testify from experience, how the love that has been brought out in England for poor heathen souls, has been the means of giving new life to our Church in England. I believe that if your Synod were to enact that there should be an annual sermon for Indian Missions, none of your parishes w6uld bo the poorer for their home necessities, and you might expect a double blessing from God. It is Christ's Message to the Church to be ever going out into the world, ever rather seeking the lost one, — the only one — than sitting at ease by the gathered-in ones." Your Committee cannot better close their report than by que ting the advice of the late Metropolitan on the subject: — " As this is a matter in which the Synod of the Avhole Pro- vince is concerned, and as the original inhabitants of the soil, in whatever particular districts they may be located, have a special claim upon the sympathy and Christian love of all the members of the Church, now being planted in Canada, I think the Committee should put forth an appeal for circulation in the several Dioceses, showing the eiforts now making in con- nectioi with these Indian Missions, and what requires to be done i order to make some sufficient provision for their neces- sities." l "» ^ tJ W . IIf i i UU P1 PHm! 'l»'T- — W * "' 13 '^ The Very Eev. the Dean of Montreal has kindly promised to place the Cathedral here, at the service of the Committee, in order that the cause of Indian missions may be advocated and collections taken up; and I have no doubt but that the use of many churches may be obtained for the same purpose The Committee cannot conclude without adverting to the loss, by death, of one of their number, since the last meeting of the Synod, vi. : the late W. 11. Dav^es, Esquire, an old and faithful member of the Church, whose removal aftords us another solemn admonition to labour diligently while the day of opportunity lasts. Saltern Givins, Chairman^