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 Ilall|au&ie Cnllfi^c fiibvaro 
 
 yZ 
 
 JOHN JAMES STEWART 
 
 COLLECTION 
 
THE STORY 
 
 OF 
 
 ,10SEPH ANNAJEE. 
 
 BY 
 
 MRS. MORTON, 
 
 OF 
 
 The Trinidad Mission. 
 
 4«»»»- 
 
 HALIFAX, N. S. 
 NOVA SCOTIA PRINTING COMPANY. 
 
 1879. 
 
(3 I ^9 ---^UAAju^/B^i 
 
 
 
I 
 
 C:^ 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 Very little explanation is needed to introduce the accompa- 
 avinj,^ simple narrative. The idea of such a publication was 
 first !su-ested to us by a clergyman of our own church, now 
 of Newfoundland, who is one of those that strive in every way 
 to advance the good cause abroad, as well as at home. It .s 
 due to the reader to inform him that Joseph Annajeo ha« not 
 such proficiency in English as would enable him to present his 
 .tory in so intelligible a form, as that in which we have en- 
 deavored to present it for him, but apart from a little shapmg 
 of our own, in which the idiom of the Hindustani language 
 (which is the peculiarity of Annajee's English) has been fol- 
 lowed, the narrative is his own. Our principal aim has been to 
 gratify friends of Missions and to increase their number, by 
 placing on record an instance in which the grace and power of 
 God have been manifested in one who was before a " blasphemer 
 and a persecutor." While we ask our Christian friends to 
 "glorify God with us;" we also ask them to pray that Joseph 
 Annajee may be kept "steadfast in the faith" and "clothed in 
 humility." Should our little work bring anything mto the 
 Lord's treasury, it will be expended in the Morichal district 
 where Annajee labors, and where mission buildings are very 
 much required. ^^^^^ ^ ^^^^^^ 
 
 Address—- 
 
 Mission Village, 
 
 Savanna Grande, 
 Trinidad, 
 
 B. W. Idands.. 
 
 f/ ^^ ^ 
 
f 
 
 Joseph Annajee. 
 
 Parentage and Kahly liiFE. 
 
 oseph Anna joe. i am a native 
 In this year, 1870, I am forty 
 years old. My fatlier's name was Deoran. He 
 was at one time a clerk in the Custom House, 
 Canara, at that time belon^^ang to tlie Madias 
 Pi'esidency, hut resigned that situation and went 
 to a place called Idgoongca, Honore, North Canara, 
 wliere he became a farmer. In that place we 
 were born, myself, one brother, and five sisters. 
 Many of my relations were government olHcers. 
 I had an uncle wdio was a pett}' civil judge, 
 another a warden's clerk, and a third was in the 
 Custom House, Honore. 1 had a cousin married 
 to a man named Anandravv, who afteiwards 
 became a Christian, went to England, studied in 
 a college, and was ordained a minister of the 
 Basle German Evangelical Missionary Society. 
 Five months after his return to India, his wife, 
 my cousin, died. Anandraw again visited 
 England, where he married a clergyman's daugh- 
 ter. He is still in Mangalore, South Canara. 
 
 Now as to wdiat I did in this world up till 
 now. When I was about twelve years of age 
 my father caused me to be mai'ried, and put me 
 to learn Heathen religion from the Vedas, and 
 to study the Sanskrit language, which is the 
 language of the gods of India. Our caste was 
 one of the highebt among Brahmans, of which 
 
"NVP wiTl' vorv i)rou'l. Up to tlwit tiino tlicro 
 
 1 
 
 r 
 
 lijid Im'cu ho KultHsIi scliool ill that ]^art of tho 
 coimtiv, Itiit so()!i after a session jud'^o came 
 tluTi' fioin Kiii^laihl, who wrote to th»,' (Jovoiii- 
 iiHMit tt) o])t'n a school there, whicli tliey <li<l, and 
 sent to Ma(h'as for a schoohnaster, whose iiatne 
 was J furry Wldttle. I attended liis seliool aliout 
 
 il 
 
 one year, and tln-n a r^iiropean ^^'ntlenian, a civi 
 LMiLjineer, camo to thv. scliool an<l asked for a hoy 
 who could take a clerk's place. The master 
 reconniiendcMl me, ])ut was sorry to lose me, 
 because I was a monitor in the school. In one 
 year 1 had finished Mavor's SpelliuLC Book, and 
 was leai-niuL^ <jjranniiar, <,nH)<^'ra])hy, arithmetic and 
 liist(jrv of India. With mv father s consent 1 took 
 the situation, at twenty rupees (40s. sti,'.) a month. 
 A few months after that mv youn<^cst sister's 
 husband died, and left her a widow" at ten years 
 of aijce. This so distressed my father, because 
 in my country widows are so hardly treated all 
 their life till their death, that he became sick and 
 died at the aire of sixtv-four; then my mother 
 
 K_f %/' ' ft' 
 
 said to me " Resign your situation and stay at 
 liome and rea<l to me and your sisters to give us 
 peace." Then I commenced to read heathen books 
 before mv mother and sister, the Ramavana and 
 
 • ' 'ft 
 
 Bharata, and many other books, and spent nearly 
 two years in this way. Then I obtained a situa- 
 tion as clerk in a ma<^istrate's office, but the same 
 gentleman wdio took me from the school had 
 become Police Superintendent in the disti'ict of 
 Honore. He remembered me, and called me again 
 to take a clerk's place in his office, and soon after, 
 when I was about twenty-one years ©f age, he 
 ^ave me the place of Police Inspector. 
 
 I 
 
 111 
 
 l,e 
 
 dr 
 
 tbi 
 
 f. 
 
 ^^ 
 
 fa 
 
 < 
 
'KTO 
 
 t\ 
 
 10 
 
 flllio 
 
 .'iiid 
 
 |une 
 
 ut 
 I* • 1 
 livil 
 
 ri:rvSi':riTTiN(i Tin; riimsTrAXs. 
 
 Af tli.it tiiHi' if any ministers ciino to pn\irh 
 in til.' strtM't, I tni-iit'd awny tlio poojiK' from 
 
 1 
 
 ''ainiLf liini 
 
 I 
 
 >Ii'l tllr jtollCi' Cnlistaltit* WoU 
 
 M 
 
 (li'i\.' tlu'in away so that tlicy sImhIiI not hear; 
 tln-n the niinistor would sliakt? tlHi dust from liis 
 ftM't and rf() to h\^ liomc son-v. In tlds wav 1 
 wn^ an enemy to tlie I^oid .fesus. I mado anotlnn- 
 fault, it was this :— Aiiandraw, tlie ('hristian 
 minister, of whom I have spoken heforo, came 
 fi'cm ManL;aloi"o to hapti/e a younic ^"•'^'^ named 
 ( iine>1iiaw. wlio was also a I'elative of mine, and 
 is now a schoolmaster in (\arawar. When the 
 ininistei's camo to i«a))ti/i' him. we assemhled, 
 nearly a thousand people, to take away the hoy 
 hy force; we liad lesolved that if t\n'y opjxist.Ml 
 lis \:r would not ht^sitate to do them iinurv. 
 Wf l)('at a catecliist in the minister's yard, then 
 they sent a note to the Police Su]ierintendent, 
 and 111' himself camo with one inspectoi- and 
 sev'M-al '?oiistal)los to i^niard tliem, so we all left 
 thfiu. ])ut T was vei-v iealous liecause one of mv 
 relations had hecome a < 'hristian. This happene'il, 
 not in my disti'ict, Itut at a |)lace whoi'e I had 
 gou"' to spend fiftee!! >lays' leave, therefore the 
 polict> olhcers of that place did not know me. 
 Another time a Mohammedan irirl who was not 
 married liad a child, ;ind heini: very much asham- 
 ed for it, ;^^ave it t(j another woman to nurse for 
 liei'. A neiijflihor came and reported to me tliat 
 tlie girl had killed her cliild. I went to in(piirc 
 into the case, and found the cliild alive. Tlie 
 girl would not disclose the father of the child, 
 so 1 went and reported to the magistrate, who 
 
8 
 
 i 
 
 was a heathen man, that another Christ was l)orn. 
 Oh, Lord! I beg pardon for this my sin. 
 
 One of my nephews was attending tlie English 
 School, and there a minister gave him a Bihle to 
 read. I saw him in his house reading it ; then I 
 sti'uck him, and took the Bible-book from him 
 and tore it and threw it away — so I committed 
 sin against the Lord. 
 
 ^ 
 
 Religious Experiences. 
 
 I had held for about three years the office of 
 Police Inspector when we got a new Superin- 
 tendent. A disagreement about a case caused 
 me to quarrel with him and leave my situation. 
 A few months later a government pleader in 
 Bombay, DJiirajlal Maturadas, sent me a letter 
 saying that if 1 came to Bombay he would take 
 me into his office and fit me to fill a pleader's 
 place in the court of my own district, Honore. 
 I went to him, but soon after my mother fell 
 sick, and my brother wrote for ms to return 
 home. When I reached home mv mother said 
 to me " Stay with me till I die, and look after 
 your father's property, because your brother has 
 no time " — he was a government servant, clerk 
 in the civil court. 
 
 I stayed with my mother till she died, and one 
 of my cousins also died, and I began to feel very 
 sad, for I thought "I too must die some day, then 
 what shall I do for my sins ? " About this time two 
 German ministei's came to my country. They said 
 to my cousin, Anathravv, who was a schoolmaster, 
 " If we had anyone to teach us to read ( .'anarese 
 we would be very glad." Anathraw told them 
 
 i 
 
 i( 
 
*' I will see ;" so he came to me and said " If vou 
 go to teach them two hours every day they will 
 give you twenty rupees a month." I went the 
 next morning, and had been teaching them about 
 a month when they asked me to teach them to 
 read the Bible in Canaresc. I told them '' No ;" 
 because I was very proud of being a Braliman 
 of the highest caste, and of knowing all heathen 
 books, and I thought to myself, " I know better 
 than these minisj^ers, and the words of these 
 Bible-lx)oks are unholy ; how can I teacli them 
 to read in it?" So I refused. Sometimes they 
 would ask me "How many gods have you?" I 
 told them "A great many, how many have you ?" 
 They said "We have only one God." Then I gave 
 them this foolish answer, ''Who has the most gods 
 the heavenly kingdom will be his, because whose 
 army is more they will win the city. In the same 
 way our gods will fight with your one God, and 
 will take heaven from him." Sometimes they 
 would ask me " Have you any Saviour to save 
 you ?" I said " We have many saviours." Then 
 they would answer, "We have only one Saviour." 
 '* Ah ! " I said, " If a man have only one eye he is 
 purblind ; so our religion is stronger than yours." 
 When they heard my foolish answer they com- 
 menced to pray for me that I might see the true 
 light, but I only mocked them and said, " I don't 
 think that God will hear you matichh* people's 
 prayer, for he is holy, but you are unclean." Then 
 they were i-L^^y for me, and begged me again to 
 teach them the Bible, but 1 said "No, I never 
 will;" so I gave up the teaching and remained 
 
 lyiaking no distinction between clean and unclean food. 
 
10 
 
 at home for about three "weeks, but my mind 
 "was troubled and I felt verv sad. This thon<cht 
 was always in my heart: "My father an<l mother 
 are dead and I must die too; "v\diat "will I <lo for 
 my sins?" Then I commenced to read heathen 
 books, and if anything good had been in those 
 books I would have got peace, but day by day 
 my sadness grew more and more. I am very 
 fund of singing, and can sing songs in tive 
 different languages. When my mind was sad I 
 would go to sing and to play games with my 
 companions, but I felt no relief, then I thought 
 "•1 nuist go to some holy place to get rid of my 
 sins." I told no person of my intention, but left 
 my wife, my three children, one only six months 
 oltl, my relations, and my property, and saying 
 oidy thpJ- was going to Pundhapur, a place 
 about twc ' :J fd^^ed miles away, I took a st^rvanfc 
 with me an ^ set out. Like the wind 1 knew 
 not whither I went. At Pu^idhapur ai-e two 
 idols, a male and a female, representing husband 
 and wife. The male is named Witoba — a com- 
 bination of letters which stand for Brahma, 
 Yishnu and Siva, and the image is supposed to 
 contain these three great gods, therefore it ia 
 called very holy, and many thousands of people 
 gather there to worship. 
 
 to 
 
 ? 
 
 Seeking Rest. 
 
 At that time the government put a tax on 
 every one who went thei-e because through over- 
 crowding and dirt, cholera would often })reak 
 out. There I went and stayed one Aveek to 
 worship, but did not get any comfort ; it seemed 
 
 i 
 
11 
 
 II 
 
 mind 
 
 lother 
 lo fur 
 atlieu 
 tliose 
 y (lay 
 very 
 live 
 sad I 
 h my 
 louo-lit- 
 
 of 111}'- 
 
 lit left 
 lonths 
 iavinuf 
 
 place 
 3i"vanfc 
 knew 
 e two 
 sband 
 , com- 
 ahma, 
 sed to 
 
 it is 
 )eople 
 
 Lx on 
 over- 
 )reak: 
 k to 
 emed 
 
 to ]>(^ very far from what T needed ; I tliouglit 
 " This way has no sense ; what comfort can I 
 expect from worship like this ^ I will leave it; 
 I will ii'o to work and leave reliirion alone." 
 
 I sent my servant home from Pun(lhai)ur and 
 Avent on to ]^)onah. There I went to see the 
 Police C.V^nmiissioner ; he told me " Wait a fi.'W 
 weeks an<l I will give you a situation;" l>ut 
 God's mind was otherwise. I was so uneasy 
 that I conld not wait, hut took railwav and 
 went to Hond)ay. Thei'e I ha<l a great many 
 friends and lelations. My brother had written 
 to them that if 1 came there they must send -me 
 home, or else make me stay with them. One of 
 my friends was a translator in the court ; his 
 work was to translate papers; lie begged me 
 very much to g<j Itack to my country, a I, if the 
 steamers had been running, would have forced 
 me to go, but that time was the rainy season, and 
 for two months the steamers do not stop at the 
 places along tlie coast, because the sea is so rough 
 that they cannot get close to the shore, nor can 
 the bonts come out. I refused to go home, but 
 agreed to remain in Bombay. After looking a 
 good while for a situation, the Salt Comniissioner 
 said to me " A clerk in my otlice has been siis- 
 j^enued ; after two weeks the case will be tried 
 Vtefore the magistrate ; then I will discharge him 
 and give you his place," Before tlie two weeks 
 were up I felt in my mind " I must go from 
 here." 1 knew not what I did ; now I know 
 that the Lord had me in a cage, and that it was 
 necessary for me to come to this Trinidad, that 
 with the same tongue which had denied my 
 Lord Jesus I might praise him and preach his 
 
12 
 
 it 
 
 name. Tlierefore, I did not make any stay in 
 Bombay, but took road for Benares, which I 
 thought was the hoHest place in all the world. 
 
 Going to the " Holiest Place ; " Worship by 
 
 THE WAY. 
 
 I stopped one month at Indore. There I saw 
 the prince Thukurjee Maharaj, — some call him 
 Holkar, which is the family name. The prince's 
 priest took me to the prince and said " This is a 
 pilgrim ; he has come from far and is going to 
 Benares ;" then the prince gave me a silver cup, 
 and five rupees, and food once a day in his 
 anchattar. From Indore I walked to Gualior, 
 because the railroad was not then ready. I 
 went to the prince's priest, who took me to the 
 Prince laiajee Maharaj. He said to me " You 
 worship my Salagrams for one week, with one 
 thousand Tulsees, and I will give you a rupee 
 and one meal every day. 
 
 The Salagram is a stone with a mark like a 
 fish, or any other thing inside, and the story is 
 that Vishnu loved a beautiful maiden named 
 Tulsee, which made his wife very jealous ; so he 
 changed the maiden into a plant, and he himself 
 took the form of a Salagram, that he might lie 
 unobserved at Tulsee's feet. The tulsee plant is 
 a sweet herb ; and my countrymen love to plant 
 it at their door, and wherever they find a Tulsee 
 or a Salagram they worship it. None but a 
 Brahman, who knows the thousand names of 
 Vishnu by heart, can worship Salagrams with 
 Tulsees; and this is the way it is done. The 
 Salagrams are put into a metal box, either gold, 
 
 th( 
 
 U 
 
 pr 
 
 fol 
 
 I 
 
 hi 
 
 lie 
 
13 
 
 \y 1" 
 
 Ich I 
 
 fid. 
 
 [P BY 
 
 . saw 
 
 
 him 
 
 
 ince's 
 
 
 s is a 
 
 
 ng to 
 
 
 r cup, 
 n his 
 
 
 lalior. 
 
 
 ly- I 
 
 
 jO the 
 
 
 "You 
 
 
 li one 
 
 
 rupee 
 
 >'■ 
 
 ike a 
 
 
 ory is 
 
 
 amed 
 
 
 so he 
 
 
 mself 
 
 1 
 
 It lie 
 
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 mt is 
 
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 plant 
 ulsee 
 
 1 
 
 )ut a 
 
 1 
 
 3S of 
 
 1 
 
 with 
 
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 The 
 
 ^ 
 
 gold, 
 
 1 
 
 silver, or common metal, according to what the 
 person can attbrd. The Brahman then pronounces 
 over them the thousand diti'erent names of Vishnu, 
 and at each name he drops two Tulsee leaves into 
 the box. This I did every day for a week ; at the 
 end of that time the prince came into the temple 
 and worshipped my feet, and gave me seven 
 rupees, and said " You write me Ram's name a 
 thousand every day for one week, and I will 
 'jfive you the same as Ijefore." So 1 did it, and 
 this is the reason why : the heathen books say 
 that if you take paper with Ram's name written 
 upon it, and tcaiing it up mix it with flour and 
 knead it with water, and making it like small 
 pills, throw it into any «)f the holy rivers to feed 
 the tishes, then you will irot heaven. 
 
 At the end of the week I left Oualior and 
 went to Agra, and from there to Allahabad by 
 railway. Here I met the priest of the prince of 
 ( 'hitterkufc, who had been to Benares and was 
 returning home. He said to me "Our prince is a 
 good prince — come with me and I will take you 
 to him." So I went to Chitterkut where there 
 is a mountain named ( 'auiatanath, where Rama, 
 with his wife Seta, and his brother Lutchman 
 once stopped. Pilgrims go there, and before 
 resting or eating, they walk round this mountain, 
 now and then prostrating themselves on the road ; 
 they think that by doing this their sins will 
 be foigiven. So I did it, and then I went to the 
 prince and he kept me for two weeks, and I took 
 food with him, then he said " Stay with me and 
 I will give you good work worshipping my idols;" 
 l»ut I said " I cannot stay." When I was leaving 
 he gave me twenty-tive rupees and a dress. 
 
 m 
 
14 
 
 From Clnttcrkut I went to Oude where Rama 
 was born — that is a very holy place, the books 
 say, but I saw nothing but sin. 
 
 At Suraj Kund, a little to the east of Oude, is 
 a sacred pond where people come to bathe and 
 sacrifice. There I saw a minister who came to 
 preach to Mie people, he talked to me a little and 
 said " Don't worship — this is not the true way ; " 
 but I gave him hard words and i^aid " What do 
 you know about our religion ? The whole of 
 India does so ; are you only wise ? " 
 
 From Oude I started for Benares, and reached 
 a place called Singramow about fcjur o'clock in 
 the day. I had walked about thirty miles since 
 morning, without eating or resting, so anxious 
 was I to get to Benares, because the heathen 
 books say it is the holiest place in the world. 
 At Singi-amow there was a temple sacred to the 
 goddess Kalee, and a pond of water. I bathed 
 and then worshipped the idols for about two 
 hours. This I thought was a very short time 
 to worship, for I often began to worship the 
 idols at six o'clock and finished at one o'clock, 
 I then cooked some food, because the Brahman's 
 rule is never to take even a drir.yk of water from 
 people of another caste. After cooking the food 
 I ottered it to the idols, and eat it. It was about 
 eiorht o'clock and the nio^ht was dark. 
 
 Meeting a Brahman Thief. 
 
 Singramow is a little village, but the temple 
 and water pond stand apart in a very quiet 
 place. Passing the temple 1 saw a man sitting 
 in the chamber reading the Ramayana or History 
 
15 
 
 Kama 
 
 caclied 
 
 ock in 
 
 s since 
 
 mxioiis 
 
 leathen 
 
 I wo I'M. 
 
 I to the 
 
 bathed 
 
 )ut two 
 
 trt time 
 
 ;hip the 
 
 o'clock, 
 
 ahnian's 
 
 :er from 
 
 ;he food 
 
 IS about 
 
 ! temple 
 
 •y quiet 
 
 1 sitting 
 
 History 
 
 of Kama, a heathen religion book. T knew that 
 he was a Brahman by his dress and marks on 
 forehead — three white called tripund for Shiva, 
 and one red for Kalee. These marks are hori- 
 zontal and curved, and are made with white an»l 
 red sandalwood, ground to a paste. I went near 
 and saluted him ; he called me in and gave me 
 a seat near him, and read aloud out of the book 
 till al>out ten o'clock. He then showed me a 
 small empty hut where 1 might sleep. I made a 
 fire of f!;obar (dried cow dung) on the floor of tlie 
 Init. because it was the cold season, and setting 
 a brass jug near my head with water to driidc, 
 I s])road my blanket and lay down. About two 
 o'clock I wakened and missed my jug. I luse 
 and stirred the fire to i^et more li<4*ht, and found 
 that my bundle also was o-one. It had contained 
 my i<lols, a silk and golden turban worth forty 
 rupees, and some golden rings given me by the 
 kings, also a little money. Everything I had 
 was goTMd except the bl iket 1 was sleeping on. 
 I slept no more that night ; very early in the 
 morning the same Brahman came to me and said 
 ' Have you lost anything ? " I said " I have lost 
 eveiTthing except this blanket." Then he said 
 '■ I forgot last night to tell you that this place 
 is very bad ; sometimes people lose their life 
 from the theives; your luck is good, you have 
 lost only your things ; you need not be soi'ry 
 while you have youi- life, for you will get many 
 better things than these." Tims he tried to 
 cheer me. I remained the whole next day in 
 that place, trying to recover my things, because 
 I had nothing even to drink water from. I went 
 to the police and told them,, bat they said " You. 
 
IG 
 
 did not come into tlie village, you stoppcMl in the 
 opun country." Then I gave up all ho])o of 
 of finding tliem, and started for Benares. When 
 I had gone a little distance I met some jteople 
 who said to me " Where are you going, and why 
 do you look so sad?" Then I answered them, 
 "Last night I slept in such a place and lost all 
 my things ; some one stole them from me." 'i'hey 
 said " It is that Brahman's work ; this is Avhat ho 
 is always doing ; wlien any stranger comes to 
 hxlge in that place he does as iie did to you. 
 We are sorry for you." 
 
 That day I did not eat anything, f(jr T had no 
 pots and no money, and I could not eat anytldng 
 from other people's hand, except from a Brahman 
 of my ow^n caste. When I felt very hungry I 
 drank water in my hands. 
 
 The next day I arrived at place called Sulta- 
 poor. I was more than a thousand miles from 
 home, with nothing in the world but a blanket ; 
 I was ashamed to ask alms from people who did 
 not know me. I sold my blanket for seven 
 annas (21 cents), and every morning and every 
 evening^ I bouiifht a half anna's worth (^f sentua. 
 This is a fiiie tiour made from a kind of grain by 
 grinding it between flat stones. I had nothing 
 to put the sentua in, so I washed my handker- 
 chief carefully, and taking it in that I went to 
 a place where there was water, and putting some 
 into it, kneaded it up wdth salt, then ate and 
 drank, and walked to Benares. I was determined 
 to ffo there and bathe in the Ganges to wash 
 away my sins, that my mind might get comfort. 
 I reached Benares after t^vo days, and remained 
 there five days. 
 
 -fc 
 
17 
 
 1 the 
 
 J)(' of 
 
 VI ion 
 Icople 
 
 why 
 tliom, 
 ;t all 
 Thvy 
 J;it lie 
 ■•-'.s to 
 
 you. 
 
 •,?v 
 
 '^ 
 
 At IToLY Bkxahks. 
 
 Every <hiy T went to n, place called Dasha- 
 fshaniadha (Jhat, and hathccl in the (ian<^^t's aM<l 
 worshijtjx'd Vishnu. In this way i spent my 
 tune, and I saw tlu^re many sinneis. All these 
 days J did not eat any cooked food, nothini;- Inifc 
 the seiitun. Mv mind was hecomini:; dis't-usted 
 with heathen gods rnd heathen ways. Tlxjre I 
 
 th 
 
 )l)b 
 
 dultt 
 
 d 
 
 U 
 
 saw tiiK'ves, roi.)l)ers, adulterers and murdt;r(?rs. 
 This disgusted me all the more, because all th« 
 heatlien hooks say that r)t;nares is the holiest 
 place in all the world. 1 saw there many 
 widows of P)iahmans who go there to live he- 
 cause it is a holy place; they live in sin, and 
 wdif'n a chilli is horn they thi'ow it into the 
 Cian<j^es. The people tell lies to rob the stram^^er 
 ])ilgrim, and every sin th(y" do; but not only in 
 Jienares, in every place that I had been I had 
 seen and heard the same thin*^s. This made my 
 mind turn against the gods and the noly ])lace8; 
 I thought "these are all nonsense;" then my 
 Jieart became more hai'd and sad and hopeless. 
 I remembei-ed the ministers, and thought '' per- 
 haps they might give me comfort," but I Avas too 
 proud to go to them. I thought "I wdll leave 
 this country and go to other countries to see 
 what is there." While I was in this state of 
 mind 1 met a man who said to me "Can you read 
 and write?" I told him "Yes;" then he asked 
 " N\'ould you like to go to Calcutta ? you would 
 get a good situation tliere." I said " I w^ill go." 
 
 Agrees to go to Trinidad. 
 Theft he said "Follow me;" so 1 followed him, 
 
18 
 
 and he took me to the Emigration Agent, who 
 said, " It is not to Calcutta that ^ve want you to 
 go but to Trinidad." Then he shewed me printed 
 rules about the work that I would have to do 
 there. I consented to go, and he took me before 
 the magistrate, with about twenty-five others, to 
 sign the agreement and register my name. We 
 remained in the Coolie depot till the next day, 
 Sunday^ about four o'clock, when they put us on 
 board the railway to go to Calcutta. We reached 
 the dapot in Calcutta about two o'clock on 
 Monday night. On Tuesday they gave each one 
 a suit of clothes for the voyage. When I saw 
 the clothes I felt my hope all gone ; my heart 
 was so sad I thought I must die. I said to one 
 of the officers " Excuse me, sir, I cannot go to 
 Trinidad." He said " Well, give me your passage 
 money" (the fare from Benares). I told him " I 
 have not one anna;" he said, "Then you must go." 
 I met in the depot a Brahman of my own caste 
 named Balaram ; he was quite a young lad — I 
 mention him here because we afterwards became 
 like brothers. On Wednesday morning they 
 took us int<j a large yard where we saw the 
 Emigration Agent. I was so ill with fever that 
 I had to be helped into tlie yard. The gentle- 
 man spoke kindly to us, and asked if we were 
 all willing to go to Trinidad. The interpreter 
 then told the people to make a cheer, which 
 they did, and then he spoke to the gentleman 
 and said, " Yes, Sahib, they want to go." Then 
 they put us all on board the " Ancilla," Captain 
 Smith, about 417 people. 
 
 ^w^ 
 
19 
 
 who 
 
 u to 
 
 ted 
 
 do 
 
 fore 
 s, to 
 
 We 
 
 day, 
 
 s on 
 
 3hed 
 
 on 
 
 one 
 
 saw 
 
 eart 
 
 one 
 
 o to 
 
 // 
 
 
 
 A Brahman's Troubles. 
 
 Siiioe I had been roh])fMl at Singraniow T liad 
 not eaten any cooked food, hecause I had no pot 
 and no money. I coidd not cook in another 
 person's pot. I was too proud to beg, for I was 
 afraid people woidd tell me, " We don't know 
 who you are;" and in that part of the country 
 Brahinans of my own caste were not easily 
 found. I had not met with any, therefore, 1 liad 
 eaten only a little dry food, and from this my 
 body was sick, and also because my heart was so 
 sad. 1 told the officers, " I am too sick to go in 
 the vessel ;" but the ship doctor who was a very 
 kind gentleman spoke good words to me, and 
 said, " W^e have a hospital on board the ship ; 
 ch«^er up, you will get well and get good work 
 in Trinidad." So they put me on board the ship, 
 but I was so sick and weak that sometimes I did 
 not know anything. The doctor was very kind 
 to me ; he made them feed me with arrow-root 
 and port wine, and afterwards with soup. Thus 
 I broke my caste by eating food from strange 
 people's hand. Six weeks I was very sick ; then 
 I got a little better, and the doctor made me 
 assistant in the hospital, and because the people 
 wasted the water, no one could get a drink un- 
 less I v/rote on a paper. Four months and a 
 half we were going to Trinidad. Five children 
 were born on the vessel, and only two people 
 died. One of these was a boy; he died of small- 
 pox ; I nursed him very much. The other, a 
 woman named Ratni, quarrelled with her hus- 
 band and jumped overboard. The doctor was 
 very much troubled about it; he wanted the 
 
 
20 
 
 captain to put out a boat to save Iut, Imt tlio 
 captain said, " No ; t\ui sen is so rouLjli 1 will lose 
 my men." At St. Ht'lcna a man JumuxmI ovur- 
 l)()ar(l, l»ut they put out a boat and saved liiin. 
 Qui" M'sscl had l)oon towed out of the (Jan'^es })V 
 n steam tu<^^ Just as the tui^^ Kd't her two 
 Ih'ahiiians jumped overboard luicause tliey <lid 
 not ^^ant t(j eat the ship's food. The tui;- picked 
 them up and put tluan on board a^wn, tln-n they 
 got some laslies and were put in liandciills; for, 
 two more days they would not eat; after that 
 they ate. 
 
 In Trinidad. 
 
 When we reached Trinidad I was like a home- 
 less child, sad and hopeless for this world and 
 the next. I and my friend Balaram W(;]e sent 
 to a sugar estate called Ben Lomond. We were 
 indentured for five years. That means tliat for 
 five years we must stay on that estate and work ; 
 besides this the government makes the estate 
 owner keep a hospital for indentured laborers, 
 where they must go when they are sick, and two 
 days in every week the doctor must visit the 
 hospital. So the government tries to take care 
 of the people, but the people have to work very 
 hard. Three years I worked on that estate, and 
 ouii of that time I was three hundred days in the 
 hospital. The reason was this : in my own 
 country I had never worked with my hands, nor 
 been exposed to the weather. Now, in crop time, 
 I had to carry bundles of canes on my liead, to 
 be ground at the mill, from early morning till 
 evening ; in the wet season I was weeding the 
 fields, and the rain and sun together made me 
 
 
 vol 
 
 '# 
 
 an* 
 
 ,n . 
 
 1'... 
 
 ';* 
 
 hn 
 
 
 of 
 
 h' 
 
 1 
 
 tb 
 
 '$ 
 
 
 '.V 
 
 
 i 
 
 % 
 
 .'ii 
 
 .1 
 II 
 
21 
 
 \t tlio 
 
 I lose 
 
 liirii. 
 
 I'S l)y 
 two 
 
 ; for . 
 tliafc 
 
 omo- 
 
 and 
 
 sent 
 
 wer-e 
 
 t for 
 
 'ork; 
 
 =5tate 
 
 rers, 
 
 two 
 tlie 
 
 care 
 
 X'ly 
 
 and 
 
 the 
 
 •wn 
 
 nor 
 
 me, 
 
 , to 
 
 till 
 
 he 
 
 lie 
 
 vory nnirli sifk ; my licnlth cn)]^'' (jnitc 1»ri»krn, 
 nml my li^art wns ItrrakitiLC tno. My lu'ofhiT 
 I»al.iiaiii who was stronLC^T tlifin I, ajul Ii.kI wmvn 
 li(i|.»'. (lid not fall sick like I did. Tlu? nianaL;cr 
 nf the r.statt> Was kind to nic, and so was tli(» 
 hovjiital nnrso; hut my life was woary to nic ; 
 till > punishment 1 sufi'ered For my sins. 
 
 Mkkts the Missionary, and hkcomks a 
 
 CUKlSTfAN. 
 
 ('h\i' day when I was at my work the Rev. 
 Jnlin Morton, who is a Missionary to th<' Indian 
 LiimiLjrants in Trinidad, cnmo and askod me .a 
 ft'W t|n('stions, and told iiic ^^o to liis ])lac(» in 
 J»rt' V ilia L(t», the noxt Sunday; so T and J5alarani 
 Went. When Mr. Moi'ton saw ns, ho came directly 
 out and kindly took us into his house. He oave 
 us some reliLjious Ixx^ks and St. John's Oospcd, 
 and said, " Rea<] with faith and pray to God l»y 
 Jc^sus' name ; and if you cannot understand, C(jme 
 to uw at any time and ask." Then 1 thought, " I 
 have lost my caste already, therefore I cannot 
 iret any harm by readinir Christian hooks;" so I 
 took them; sometimes I called my friend Balaram 
 and we read together. Then my heart hecame a 
 littlt,' glad — 1 felt these words to he true, because 
 they fell right on my heart. Before this every 
 morning I had bathed and then worsldpped the 
 sun : but now when I went into tlie canepiece, 
 I made a little prayer to God. After that Mr. 
 Morton gave me St Matthew's Gospel ; that we 
 read, and found one word in it, " Come unto IMe 
 all ye that labor and are heavy laden and I will 
 give you rest." Then I told my fiiend Balaram, 
 
22 
 
 *' This religion is true, and if we get baptism we 
 will get more knowledge and more trust in the 
 Lord Jesus ; what do you say ? " He said " I am 
 ready to take baptism." Then one Sunday at 
 lere Village Church the Rev. John Morton gave 
 us baptism, and called our names Joseph and 
 Benjamin, because we were like brothers. After 
 my baptism Mr. Morton paid compensation money 
 for the last two years of my indenture, and made 
 me a teacher for Coolie children, first on Palmvra 
 Estate, and afterwards at Couva. He married 
 me to a christian woman from Madras named 
 Terudee ; we had two children born in Couva. 
 From there Mr. Morton removed me to lere 
 Village, where my wife died. Then he took me 
 and my two motherless children to San Fernando, 
 where he was then living, and kept me with him 
 for a few months, and taught me to catechist 
 work, after which he opened a school on Cedar 
 Hill Estate, where I taught the children in the 
 morning, and after that preached to the people 
 in the neighborhood. In July, 1876, my master* 
 removed with his family to Mission Village, 
 Savanna Grande, where he opened a school and 
 brought me from Cedar Hill to teach it, and to 
 do catechist work. In September, 1878, he 
 sent me to a settlement called Morichal, where I 
 am now working. 
 
 The MissiOxV Work. 
 When I first saw my master, the Rev. John 
 
 * Aniiiijee, in the manner of Orientals, u»es the word Masitr 
 merely as a title of respect. 
 
 
23 
 
 hm we 
 111 the 
 I' I am 
 [ay at 
 
 gave 
 n and 
 1 After 
 honej^ 
 I made 
 mvra 
 inied 
 amed 
 ouva. 
 
 lere 
 k me 
 an do, 
 1 him 
 jchist 
 ^edar 
 a the 
 eople 
 ster* 
 lage, 
 and 
 id to 
 , he 
 ire I 
 
 ohn 
 
 aster 
 
 Moiton, he was the only missionary for the 
 Coolies in Trinidad; one year before the Presby- 
 tL'i'ian Chui'ch of Canada had sent him to teach 
 my countrymen. Many Christian Ministers are in 
 Trinidad, but the Iiulian language they don't 
 understand, therefore they cannot teach us. Two 
 more ministers came afterwards from Canada to 
 help in this work, the Rev. K. J. Grant and the 
 Rev. Thomas Christie. Mr. Christie works in 
 Couva district, ^fr. Grant in San Fernando, and 
 my master in Savanna Grande. These three 
 gentlemen are doing nmch good, and they all 
 work very hard, because more than thirty 
 thousan<l of my countrymen are here, and moi*e 
 are coming every year. These are nearly all 
 heathens, except those who have become Chris- 
 tians by hearing those missionaries preach. My 
 place, Morichal, is about seven miles from my 
 master's house ; it is in the woods. 
 
 Many Coolies who have finished their imlenture 
 on the estates come here to live. If any of them 
 have been ten years in this Island, and want to 
 remain, the Queen gives them some land instead 
 of a return passage to India. They cut down 
 the woods and make gardens ; they grow corn, 
 tania, yams, plantains, cassava, and cacas, and 
 make charcoal. Part of the road to Morichal 
 is very muddy in the wet season ; caits and 
 waggons cannot pass, but donkeys are used for 
 carrying things out. One donkey can easily 
 carry a barrel of corn or tania. 
 
 There are a great many Spanish people living 
 there in a very Avild way. They belong to the 
 Roman Catholic Church, but the priest lives very 
 far away, and no person takes any trouble for 
 
24 
 
 them. Some of their children come to mv school, 
 and I teach them to read English. My master 
 has given n^e two teachers to work under me. 
 
 We have no mission buildinijs vet in Morichal. 
 except one very plain school-house, with carat 
 palm trees for posts, and their leaves for covering 
 the roof ; rough cedar boards are so arranged as 
 to keep out the rain and let in the light : part 
 of this building is a room for me. Here I have 
 a day school, and on Sunday a preaching school.* 
 Many people come to my preaching school, and 
 I teach both in Indian lancjuage and in Enirlish. 
 
 In June rf this year. 1879, my Lord helped 
 me. I brou^dit two coolie men and their wives 
 from my field, and my master baptized them at 
 Mission Village. I brought them like two pairs 
 of doves to offer to mv Lord Jesus. 
 
 While I was at work on the sugar estate I was 
 sick verv much : but since I connnenced to do mv 
 Lord's work I have never been sick, and I am 
 never tired. Then I was hopeless, but now my 
 Lord gives me such hope for heaven that I can- 
 not explain in one lanofuaije mv Lord's mere v. 
 He did not forsake me for mv sin, but drew me 
 up out of the pit. My true joy and heavenly 
 hope are in?reasing everyday; I trust that as 
 long as I am alive in this world, so long the 
 Lord will help me to serve him with his Holy 
 Spirit. 
 
 Friexd-s IN' India. 
 
 After I left mv country, for twelve vears I did 
 not send any letter to my family. Last year, 
 
 Sabbath Service. 
 
 18' 
 
25 
 
 loo]. 
 •ter 
 
 \ha], 
 '.rat 
 
 \ing 
 
 as 
 }avt 
 :ve 
 
 Ind 
 
 187S, I wrote to my nephew in Honore, North 
 Canara. I wished to know lunv my family 
 were, and to tell them my Lord's mercv for me ; 
 how he reecived me into his fold from tlie U(>ats, 
 and that tlioy too nn^ht he saved from everlast- 
 ing tire. I remend»ered Luke xvi., 24: "Fori 
 have five brethren," etc. I had five sisters of my 
 own, and one brother. My nepliew returned 
 answer for mv hotter, and told me that my thrt^o 
 childien are all w^ell ; my daughter is married, 
 and my two sons are in their m-andmother's 
 house. M}' brother is dead, and my five sisters 
 are all widows. He says: "We are sorry for them, 
 but we are more sony for you, beeause you lia\o 
 become a christian." My children in Trinidad 
 are with the Rev. John Morton and his ^ladame, 
 and with Miss Blackadder, a lady from Nova 
 Scotia, who teaches the Mission Village School ; 
 half my body are heathens and half christians; 
 I am praying to my Lord Jesus to make them 
 all christians. I think that if I went to India I 
 might do much good, but without the Lord send 
 me I will never move anywdiei-e myscdf. 
 
 Last month I received from my friend Anan- 
 draw six copies of the " Christian Society's 
 Newspaper," dating from January to July. Ls7(), 
 published hy the Basle German Missionary 
 Society, in the Oanarese character. In one of 
 them is printed one of the letters that I sent to 
 India. All the christians there are made very 
 hapi^y l-y hearing that one of their countrymen 
 has become a cluistian in Trini<lad. That Society 
 has sixty-eight European Missionaries at work 
 in the South of India. A few of these are 
 
2G 
 
 natives of India, but they rank with European 
 Missionaries. 
 
 I received a report of the Society for 1878. 
 My friend Anandraw's name is the third on the 
 list of European Missionaries, only two being in 
 the field who have served longer than he has. 
 His station is Anandapur, and his date of service 
 is from 1851. He is called Rev. H. A. Kaundinya. 
 Kaundinya is the name of that branch of the 
 Brahman caste to which he belonged. I see in 
 the report that my native place Honore has been 
 one of the out-stations of that Society since 
 1845 ; that two ordained missionaries are work- 
 ing there ; but out of that Sodom only seventy- 
 five have been baptized in all thost years. 
 Thirty of these are communicants and the rest 
 children. The report says that there are no 
 catechumens, and no conversions last year ; and 
 that though "the expectations of the missionaries 
 there have at times been very strong, they have 
 been till now a hope deferred " which " maketh 
 the heart sick." 
 
 My brother, Benjamin Balaram, went to his 
 native place, Indore, last year. He had been a 
 catechist under Rev. Mr. Christie, in Couva, for 
 five years. His master gave him a letter of 
 recommendation to the Rev. Mr. Douglas, who 
 is also a missionary of the Presbyterian Church 
 of Canada, in Indore. We have heard of his 
 safe arrvial, and that his wife whom he had left 
 thirteen years before, a child seven years old, 
 has received him, and notwithstanding the op- 
 position of relations has declared that his religion 
 shall be hers, " for," she says, '■ he is a good man 
 and speaks to God every day." 
 
• 27 
 
 Conclusion. 
 
 ^ A Kxr Mr Doujjlas as an 
 
 Balavam is em^f ^sln I l-e "-ny 
 
 assistant in the ^^^.'^.,3 ^ho prayed to God to 
 
 thanks for those ™"f ^^^^y.^ taught me this 
 shew me the true ight. ana w ^ ^^^ ^^^^^ 
 
 holy <^^^^'f\'ff2okl to ^them ; and I give 
 foolish words that I spoke to^^ ^^ ^^.^ ^^^ , 
 
 thanks to the Lord J^su ^^ ^g^. ^nat 
 
 me out for my sins. My nuna ^^.^ ^.^^^^^ 
 
 those ministers are «« ^^^^^t go into every 
 .vorld, and that if they m ^b^^^ ^^^^^ 
 
 country then the who'^J^^ ^ke Sodom. As 
 their eyes and v^ould com ^^ ^^y,„g 
 
 those ininisters P'^^y'^f /°L'J''bod would show 
 for all heathen P^l^/^^uld take them, into 
 them the true lig t ^^^J^hem like me m all 
 his fold, and woi.ld "^^^f '^jshment I suftered 
 things, except i« the hard p ^^^^ j ^.^j^^,^ 
 
 and the sorrow that 1 have le 
 
 my Lord; A<=t^,^J,^^^r^ ^^ all out christian 
 
 'mv salaam If l"ta7"{,„ When you are all 
 
 friends, both old a«d youn • J_ ^^^ p,^y 
 
 S tlfe Cd Ss CS ^vill help me to serve 
 Septeniher, 1S79.