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■j'r

The distinguished and zealous ad/ocatoofLheTEMPERANCE CAUSEin CANADA.

O'Tom arbrlTeait presented by the Iioic:es of ibrLS^jTiia-]yS3,MbDy LoJ.o.E^.)

lll»o;«»r ItC^l.u'r n.ro'.io JB7

♦' CUALLENQE."—No. 24.

A PROHIBITORY LIQUOR LAW

FOR UPPER CANADA.

DEINQ

A BILL

FOR AN ACT TO PROHIBIT THE SALE BY RETAIL, &c.,

WITH REMARKS, AND OTHER DOCUMENTS.

BY J. J. E. LINTON,

(CLERK PEACE CO. PEUTH.)

Have they not got enough of our blood." — Hon. M. Cameron.

WITH PORTRAIT OF HON. M. CAMERON, M.P.P.

ADA.

« • • • »

TORONTO:

PRINTED BY MACLEAR & CO., KING STREET.
1860.

The "CBALLvraB," « Tempernnoe Periodical, la publithed occasionally by J. J. B. Lnraoa,
Btratfbrd, 0. W. Tht flnt number waa iwued AprU, 18S4.

jaui4u„un... .uuvu

Stratford, C.W., C/7« Fthrmnj, 1860.

Hon. Malcolm Caubron, M.P.P.,

Dear Sir,

Permit me as a small token of friendship, and also of approval of
your efforts in the cause of Temperance and Prohibition, to inscribe the
following sheets to you. I hope that you will long be preserved to advocate
the interests of Canada for its progress in "social advantages :" which
in all countries should, I think, have some weight and consideration with
legislators, who are entrusted with the fullest powers to consider what are
the beat measures for i\iQ public good.

I am, dear Sir,

Yours sincerely,

J. J. E. LINTON.

■HHi

CONTENTS.

1. Letter to Hon. M.Cameron, M.P. P 3

2. Prohibition of Retail of Liquors, (circular letter,) with form of Petitions 5
3- An Act to Prohibit the Sale by Retail, &c 7

4. Remarks for a Prohibitory Liqnor Law 11

5. Prohibition not a new Doctrine IG

6. Sumptuary Laws — Right to Prohibit 19

7. Number of places for Retail, &c., in each County in Upper Canada 21

8. Convictions for Offences, &c., County of Perth 22

9. Crime in Toronto 24

10. Crime in Montreal 2C

11. Crime in Quebec and Uamiltoa 26

12. The Support of the Poor in Cities — the License System, &o 27

13. Liquor Manufacture in Toronto, C.W 30

14. Adulterated Liquors 3J

15. Revelations of the Retail Traffic by the Newspaper Press 32

16. Opinions of Medical Gentlemen, Clergymen, &c 32

17. A Dissected Plague Spot, (New York) 35

IS. Presentments by Grand Juries 36

19. Intoxicating Liquors, (Circular) from Warden of County of Perth, June

1859, and By-Law for "Preservation of Public Morals." 37

20. Report of Committee of Council of County of Simcoe, as to County of

Perth Circular 38

21. Petition for a Prohibitory Liquor Law by Council of do 89

22. Incentives to Temperance friends : —

A. Temperance papers — Circulation 40

B. He is no Temperance Man, dec 41

C. Laziness of Temperance friends 42

D. Ear^ Developments of Temperance Cause, &c 44

23. Samples of Advertisements of Sales of Liquors 45

24. Adulteraiion of Liquors— Dr. Hiram Cox's letter of date 3rd Oct., 1859 45

PROHIBITION OF RETAIL OF LIQUORS.

11
16
19
21
22
24
20
26
27
30
3J
32
32
35
30

38
89

40
41
42
44
45

fi-^

[CIRCULAR.}

Stratford, C.W., Qth February, 1860.

Sir,

I crave your help and assistance to promote the passing, in
Provincial Parliament, a law the same as, or similar to, the subjoined
Bill.

On an inspection of the bill, it will at once be seen that it deals only
with the trade or traffic in Intoxicating Liquors, so far only as the Retail
is concerned. The present laws of the Province as to the manufacture,
importation and exportation, and the wholesale of said liquors, are not
touched. The writer considers — others consider — and he hopes to have
shewn by the subjoined papers, that the evils, as the results which flow
from the trade and traffic, are connected with the retail ; so much so,
as to induce an expectation that that portion, at least, of the trade will
be legislated upon and restrained — excepting for medicinal, chemical,
mechanical, and sacramental purposes.

Having this hope — and also retrospectively considering the measure
as to the restraint on the sale of liquors, from Saturday night till Mon-
day morning, which twelve months ago I laid before the public, and
which was ultimately, with improved amendments, passed by the Legis-
lature on 26th March last, the Act 22 Vic. cap. 6,f-having this hope,
the writer expects that petitions in favor of the subjoined bill will |be
prepared and presented to Parliament. A form of petition to both
Houses of Parliament is subjoined.

Your very obedient Servant,

J. J. E. LINTON,
Clerk of the Peace, Co. of Perth.

To the Lejjislative Assemhly of the Province of Canada,

The Petition of the undersigned, Inhabitants of •

Humbly sheweth,— That your petitioners crave your Honourable House to
pass and sanction a measure, as a law of this Upper Province, for a Prohibition
and restraint on the retail sale and traffic in Intoxicating drinks, except for
medicinal, chemical, mechanical, ".nd sacramental purposes. And your Peti*
ticners vrill ever pray.

Dated at

To tht iTonourable the Legislative Council of the Pfovince of Canada,
The Petition of the undersigned, Ir>.habita3t3 of —

Humbly sheweth, — That your petitioners crave your Honourable House to
pass and sanotlou a measure, as a law of this Upper Province, for a Prohibition
and restraint on the retail sale and traAe in Intoxicating drinks, except for
medicinal, chemical, mechanical, and sacramental purposes. And your petl>-
tloners will ever praj.

Dated at-

PROHIBITORY BILL.

An Act to Prohibit the SaL oy Retail of Spiriiuoua and Fermented Liquors, within
that part of the Province called Upper Canada,

Wheebas it is provided by Section 245, Subsection 6, of the Act passed in
the twenty -second year of Her Majesty's reign, chapter ninety-nine, intituled An
Act respecting the Municipal Institutions of Upper Canada, thtt the sale by re-
tail of sprituous and fermented liquors in any Inn or other house of public enter-
tainment, and in shops and places other than houses of public entertainment, in
every Township, City, Town and Incorporated Village in Upper Canada, may by
a By-Law, be prohibited, provided before the final passing of such By-Law the
same has been duly approved by the Electors of the Municipality ; and whereas
it has been found inconvenient and of doubtful accomplishment for universal
purposes, the passing of such By-Laws,— Therefore, Her Mojesty, by and with
the advice and consent of the Legislative Council and Assembly of Canada,
enacts as follows : —

1. That within the limits of each Municipality of every Township, Incorpor-
ated Village, Xpwn and City in Upper Canada, there shall not be (except-
ing as in this Act excepted) from and after the passing ui this act, any sale by
retail of any spirituous or fermented Liquors, in any Inn o." other house of public
entertainment, or in any shop or place, other than houses of public entertain-
ment ; Provided hereby, that any sale by retail of said Liquors, not herein in
this Act excepted and provided for, shall be illegal, and shi^U be punishable, as
hereinafter enacted : —

2. That there shall be saved and excepted from the operation of the preceding
section, the rights and privileges by the licenses which are or may be issued on
behalf of each of the said Municipalities, until the expiry of the period for
which these licenses respectively were issued, — and also there shall be saved
and excepted as said is, the sale of said liquors, as herein in the next section of
this Act provided for, for medicinal, chemical and mechanical, or wine for
sacramental purposes, — pud for such purposes the order, certificate or requisition,
signed by a licensed medical practitioner, or sig. ad by the Mayor, or a Justice of
the Peace of any City or Town, or by a Justice of the Peace of the County
wherein either of the aforesaid Municipalities shall be, or by a Reeve, or Deputy
Reeve in such County, or by any three rate-payers of either nf said Municipali-
ties wherein the vendor after tnentioned shall be licensed, or in the case of
sacramental purposes, an order, certificate, or requisition, signed by the clergy-
man of the church, meetinghouse, or place of worship, where the same may be
required, shall be required to be produced and delivered by the vendeo or his
agent to the licensed vender or bis agent.

8. That for the purpose of providing for the sale by retail of said liquors for
the aforesaid purposes, each of the said Municipalitlea by the respective councils
vhereof, shall have Ibe power, and they are hereby authorised to grant a license
or licenses available within the limits of each of their said Municipalities, to any

Eierson or persons, he or they being freeholders in the County where such license
B granted, (who may be known as the licensed vender or venders,) for the sale
by retail of said liquors for the aforesaid purposes ; provided hereby that there
ahall only be one such license, and one place for the sale by retail of said liquors,
for any number of inhabitants in any munioipality, not exceeding two tliouaand,
and for every two thousand inhabitants or pa>-t of two thousand Inhabitants over
and above the first two thousand, one license and one such place : each such
lioense to be for one year, said year to end on the last day of February in each
and every year ; and for each of such licenses the said municipality shall be
entitled to demand, and to receive, and to apply for corporation purposee as by

!il

law provided, any sum not less than twenty-five dollars, nor more than sight
hundred dollars, the same to be inclusive of the dutypayabls under the Imperial
statute referred to in the Act cited in the preamble hereof, but exclusive of the
sum payable to the Province, in conformity with the present laws thereof ; and
provided also that each of said Municipalities shall have power by By-Law to
fix the amount payable for each such license in conformity with the pro-
visions in this Act contained, and also to decide on the person or persons, he or
they being freeholders in the County where such license is granted, to whom
said license shall be given, and also shall have power by said By-Law to make
restrictions cr rules as to the character and standing of the said person "r per-
sons ; but no act by either of said Municipalities to be done, shall be conti n ■ y to,
and if so done contrary, shall not affect or annul the enactments and provisions
of this Act.

4. That it shall be lawful for the said medicinal and sacramental purposes, to
sell as said is the said liquors on any day ; provided hereby, that said liquors or
any of them allowed to be sold by this Act, shall not be used for drinking pur-
poses as a beverage, nor shall they or any of them be consumed or drunk, on
the place or premises of the vender or bis agent where sold ; and also provided,
that such place or premises shall not be in, or attached to, any store or shop,
saloon, eating-house, house of entertainment, inn, hotel, tavern, or place, where
by law the said liquors now are, or hitherto have been allowed to bo manufac-
tured or sold.

5. That the said licensed vender or his agent, shall keep a book, and shall
therein enter and record each sale made, and shall for each such sale enter and
record the same by entering and recording in said boo\, the name of the vendee ur
his agent, the name or names signed to and the date of said order, certificate or
requisition, the date of sale, the quantity sold, the kind or quality and name of
said liquors so sold, the purpose for which the same is so sold, and the price or
sum so paid by the vendee or his agent therefor, according as nearly as may he
to the form set forth in schedule A to this Act subjoined ; and shall also keep and
retain the said order, certificate or requisition, for at least one month after the
date of said entry ; and any rate-payer of the municipality wherein said vender
or his agent shall so sell, shall bo entitled and have the right and privilege on
any lawful day, during the hours of the ordinary business of said vender or his
agent, to inspect said book and also the said order, certificate, or requisition,
and to make therefrom any extracts, on paying to said vender or his agent for
said inspection and making said extracts tue sum of ten cents ; and each ono of
the said licensed venders or his agent, shall on the first Monday of the month
after he commences to sell, deposit a copy duly certified as " a true copy," of
the entries in said book up to the date of said first Monday, and shall thereafter
deposit on each succeeding first Monday of each sucooeding month, for the time
while said license continues, a copy duly certified as " a true copy," nf the
entries in said book, from the time when so previously made, up to the date of
said laet mentioned first Monday, with the clerk of the Municipality which
granted said vender the license ; and all sales made by said vender or his agent,
phall be for cash and not on credit.

6. That any person or persons or body, who shall be found by himself, or
herself, or themselves, or itself, or his, her, or their, or its, ter rants, ogents, or
tenants, to have contravened or violated at any time or place the first enactment
and the provisions in the fourth enactment in this Act contained, or any part
thereof, the same shall be considered as an offence against this Act, and shall
pay fur said offence a fine of not less than fifty dollars, with costs, in case of
conviction, and the said fine and oostE when not paid, shall be recoverable from
and leviable against the goods and chattels of the person or persons oonvictod ;
and upon a o«r*,ifloate on oath by the constable or other legal officer, that there
is no sufficient distress to bo found and to be levied upon belonging to the per-
son or persons bo oonvicted, the said person or persons so convicted shall be im-

prisoned in the common gaol of the county wherein the said offence may have been
made, for the space of one month, with hard labor, unless the said fine and costs
and costs of imprisonment, be sooner paid, — and in the case of refusal or n on-com-
pliance, by the vender or his agent to keep said book, or to enter and record the
said sales therein, or to deposit the copy or copies of the entries, or to allow the
inspection or the extracts to be made, all as provided for in the fifth section of
this Act, the person or persons so refusing or non-complying shall be considered
as offending against this Act, and shall for each case of refusal or non-compli-
ance, be liable to pay a fine of not less than twenty-dcllars, to be prosecuted for,
and to be recoverable, and imprisonment therefor for one month to be made in
the same way and manner as is provided for in this section as to other offences
and fines ; and it is hereby enacted that convictions when made, shall not relievo
the person or persons convicted, of the liability to be prosecuted for a misde-
meanor under this Act, if amenable to be so prosecuted ; and that convictions
for several said offences against this Act, may be made under this Act although
such several offences may have been committed in the same day.

7. Any person or persons may bo the informant or informants, complainant
or complainants, in prosecuting under this Act, — all proceedings shall be begun
within twenty days from the date of the offence, all informations, complaints, or
other necessary proceedings may be brought and heard before any one or more
Justices of the Peace of the County, Mayor, or Police Magistrate, or Justice of
the Peace of a town or city. Reeve, or Deputy Reeve, where the offence or
offences were committed or done, and the mode of proceduie in, and the forms
appended to, the Act sixteenth Victoria, chapter one hundred and seventy-eight,
for summary proceedings, may be followed as regards the cases and proceedings
under this Act.

8. The said fines or any portion of them which may be recovered, sha'l bo
paid to the convicting Justice, Mayor, Police Magistrate, Reeve or Deputy Reeve,
or other acting Justice in the case, and by him paid equally, one half to the in-
formant or complainant, and the other half to the treasurer of the Municipality
where the said offence or offences were cammittod or done.

9 The word '* Liquors" in this Act mentioned, shall be understood to compre-
hend and mean ail malt liquors, and all liquors and combinations of liquors, or
drinks used as drinking beverages, which are intoxicating.

10. That any knowingly false pretence or false statements or representation
done or made, and whether knowingly done or jaade in writing or verbally, by
the vender or his agent, vendee or his ngont, or by any person or persons, of
body, or his, her, or their or itu 6ervant», agents or tenants, in and as respects
the selling and buying, obtaining or procuring the liquors specified in this Act,
and as allowed to be vended and sold as in this Act provided, shall be considered
as a misdemeanor, and shall be dealt with according to law.

11. All provisions in any Acts relative to the sale by retail of said liquors in
that part of the Province called Upper Canada, inconsistent with the provislont-
of this Act, are hereby rej>ealod.

12. This Act shall apply to Upper Canada only.

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^ 1-3 PS

REMARKS FOR A PROHIBITORY LIQUOR LAW;

1. If OUT Legislators are in earnest to consider the great question,
Yi2. — K What is one of the best questions to be considered by us, in
" Parliament, for the social good of the people for whom we are here
« assembled to legislate, and which question we can, as legblators if
" united and agreed, carry by our votes" — if that " great question,"
as it is one, is seen to be the Retail Traffic in Intoxicating Drinks and
its restriction and Prohibition, then why should any good man, a Mem-
ber of Parliament, in the fac« of the God who created him, hesitate to
vote for it ?

2. When the Temperance movement was inaugurated in the United
States, so many years ago, and was in 1829 carried across the Atlantic
and first adopted and acted on, in that year, in Ireland; and in Septem-
ber, also in that year, as the writer of these remarks well knows, — was
begun and also acted upon in Greenock, Scotland, by the Father of
Temperance Societies in Great Britain, yet living, John Dunlop, Esq.,
of Greenock (brother of the late well known and generous hearted Dr.
Dunlop of Canada) it was ushered before a British public and sus-
tat'ned, when only a very small portion of facts relative to the extent
of the Liquor Traffic, and the enormities in " common life " which
that Traffic caused, were known ; — shall it be said now, at this day,
when facts upon facts, statistics upon statistics, histories and narrations
of the dire and cruel evils which that traffic has caused in society are
written, circulated and made public by the thousand and hundreds of
thousands, in tracts, in periodicals, in volumes, and in every shape, —
shall it be said now, in this free Province, one of the best appendages
of the British Empire, in the face of these statements, — that there
should be no restriction', no prohibition, of that Traffic ?

3. It is to be hoped, for the sake of humanity, for the sake of oui
Christian religion, that there are few in our noble Province of Canada,
who will publicly support that negative action.

4. It is to be hoped, that there is not at this moment to be found a
Minister of Jesus Christ, o/ani/ Church, in this Province, who will
publicly support that negative action.

5. If there is, unhappily for our civilited race, any one person to be
found in this Province, who will puhUclif by statement or other mode
in words, printed or spoken, support the Retail Traffic and trade in
Intoxicating Drinks, as now exercised in our midst, and as one
not dangerous to society, and as being innocuous or harmless like the
sales of and dealings in fruit, flour, grain, sugar, &c.,— -/c< such beware.

6. Take the history of any one of the forty two counties in Upper
Canada,— and we know something of the historv of a few cf them in
the west, and especially of Perth, Huron and Bruce, (in the country
which formi the former of which we settled " amongst the trees" in
July, 1838,)— take that history, as regards the effects of the retail

Liquor Traffic, on the social position of its inhabitants, now while rtrr
write, and for cinquennial periods of five years backwards^ tatbe first
settlement of each county, and \rhat will that history reveal ? It trill
reveal in its connections, a category of crimes, offences, miseries, desti*
tutions and social vices, which would appal the ideas and thoughts of
any heathen people, to whom we are so fond of sending missionaries to.
That missionary spirit is very well as an " idea ;" aa *• idea" it only ap-
pears, in the position we are in, or rather, as being nearer the truth, in
the position we have placed and do place ourselves in.

7. Gigantic as have the strides been, in the midst of a civilized and
a '' religion professing" people, of this hateful traffic and trade in intox-
icating drinks, it is nowhere to be found in such luxuriance, and with
a seeming agreableness of culture, and with a relish, as it is to be found
generally in the three " religion professing" orders and sections of
Christ's church, — namely, the Presbyterian, Episcopalian, and Roman
Catholic. This distinctive allocation of the traffic, and also of the
drinkers and consumers, we have years by-gone pointed out : — though
the statement seemed to startle some of the members of the Presbyterian
Synod in June, 1859, particularly one reverend gentleman, when a
memorial by the writer was presented, with a conviction list of offences,
&c., extending over six feet in length, and being only for offences, ka.f
for ninety days in this county. The writer of these remarks does not,
however, believe, that either the officiating ministers or priests or doc-
tors of divinity, of these sections of Christ's church, believe, or that the
members or adherents of these churches in their inmost thoughts believe,
that the glorv of God, the advancement of Christianity, the humaniza-
tion and civilization of our common race, — white, black, copper- colored
or of any colour, — will be advanced and forwarded by the sales by
retail, and by the various modes of the public drinking, of Brandy, Gin,
Rum, Whiskey, Wines, (the latter composed of Sherry, I'ort, Madeira,
Champagne, &c.,) or by Ales, Porter, &c.,*— or that they all and each
believe that the divine author of all created things, the God whom they
recognize and are so forward in public to worship, will delight or smile
upon the effects of the above traffic or trade, or on the trade itselt. — If
it is so, then, what is the belief, as exercised in these three churclies ?

8. The writer of these remarks, being a Presbyterian, would beg,
humbly, to submit to be investigated the very important question : Is
it the fact, or is it not, that in the importation, exportation, and in the
manufacture, and the wholesale and the retail, of intoxicating drinks,,
in Canada, the Presbyterians are the parties who are of the three re-
ligious sections above named, the most, and hjfar the most, engaged
in the same ?

* For a minute analysis and general desoription of wines, see Brande's-
Dictionary of Science, &o., 2nd edition, — at Maolear & Co., Toronto. Also see
a sample of adrertisements of Liquors, wliich' can be seen among the many, lit
the newspapers in Quebec, Montreal, Ottawa, Kingston, Toronto^ Hamilton and
London, (thd cities of Canada) b«r«in appended.^

9. When the writer came from Scotland to live *' amongst tbe trees,"
in 1833, with the wigwam of the Indian near by, — and where he has
heard the praises of God put forth in the Indian and in the Englifth
languages, there were then, if he recollects aright, four or five Presby-
terian ministers in western Canada, north and west of and in Toronto, —
the late Kev. Messrs. MeGiM, of Niagara, Gale, of Hamilton, Rintoul,
of Toronto, and Ross, of Aldborough, — and also he thinks the late emi-
nent Rev. Mr. Proudfoot, of London,— say five in all. Now in l8(iU,
there are in and west and north of Toronto, Presbyterian ministers,
about one hundred and seventy-two (172) in number. Has the traffic
in the sales and in the drinking habits, amongst Presbyterians, decreased
or increased ? We have some right, surely, any one has the right, to
put that question, for the serious consideration of the ministers of the
whole Presbyterian church. There are four divisions of that church.
They are at this time represented in all Canada by ministers, viz : —
Church-Scotland, 111 ; Synod-Presbyterian, 145 ; United Presbyterian,
66; and Presbytery Stamford, 6, — in all, say 828. *

10. Again, we can suppose the following question to be put, as some-
thing similar has been put forth years ago, and perhaps not unheeded,
— is one place (tavern, bar, saloon, or shop, as the case may be) where
nn unlimited sale of intoxicating drinks is licensed, working in one di-
rection, equal to the mental and religious exertions working in another
direction, of five minisUrs of religion in any locality ? Again, (and in
another view and the true one) if the number of places so licensed and
unlicensed, in Toronto city, be divided by the number of ministers of
religion, of all classes, within its bounds, — will the result 6c five!!
Five grog places to each minister, the very reverse of one such place
to five ministers, — and so likely that this proportion may be through-
out the whole Province. But in reference to Toronto, (and the
flame in all the Province), if the places of sale are appropriated
or set aside (as connected by the sellers) to the three churches named,
and as there are 40 or 43 ministers and priests of these churches,
officiating and not officiating, in Toronto, there will likely be (en such
selling places to each of these ministers and priests 1! Again, (arith-
metic and arithmetical deductions are not useless studies,) what pro-
portion then, are these exertions of ministers of religion, necessarily
increased or abated, joyfully exercised or with streaming tears woe-
fully lamented, by the actions of Presbyterians, Roman Catholics and
Episcopalians ?

11. In Stratford, the county town of the County of Perth, (where,
*' when all the world's asleep," we pen these remarks,) the above calou-

* The other denominations arc ns follows: Church-Englinfl. SI!); Roman
€iitholic, 7R9;— these two with the riesbytorians, amount to 1480; Methodist*
{various) 767; Congregational. 72; Canada C. Conference. 82 ; Bible Christian
83; Biiptists (three) 208; Evangelical Lutheran, 16; United Brethren, 9.
These in all amount to 112! ; (see Mtiolenr & Co's Alraanno, 1860.) There are
also the ETnnKeHs-che Association,— the Mennonist,— the Unitarians. Besides,
tliero arc the Jewish Synagogues in Montreal aad Toronto.

1: ';n

! 'I

'!'ii

iiliil

Hi!'

lations are about exact : — there were 200 places in the county where
intoxicating drinks were sold, and about forty ministers of religion
officiating in it, — and in Stratford itself, the proportion has been as
high as six and a fraction of these places to each ot the seven ministers I
In St. Mary's, a secularly thriving village in the county, and as prettily
located as any place in Canada West, — there were about and over,
eight such places for each of the six officiating ministers.* But as a
whole, in this county, the proportion was and we believe is, nigh Jive
as above stated ! Five such places to one minister of religion ! And
the proportion of offences and crimes as arising from intoxicating drinks,
is seventeen to eighteen cases out of every twenty cases of petty and
larger offences and crimes ! And this cursed traffic, cursed hy iheyroav»
and wails of women and children, teas and is carried on solely
and alone hy Presbyterians, Episcopalians and Roman Catholics, in
this County of Perth !

12. Analyze the other forty-one counties in Upper Canada, and will
the same arithmetical results be found, and with the same religious
professors ? Will there be any of the Jewish persuasion found in the
traffic ? Will there not also, be found in all our counties, ministers of
religion — honest men of that high calling and profession, — who will
declaro, that the greatest enemy and foe to their exertions, as a whole,
is the retail liquor traffic and trade I They have so declared to us, in
our experience, Presbyterian ministers we can refer to as well, — and
when we could see as we did sec, the humbleness of manner, the glaze
starling in the eyes, and all but the '' trickle of the tear" down tho
cheek. These are the honest ministers of religion yet to be found iu
all our churches, — fighting and working hard, in their calling, with and
against one great unseen devil in the human heart, and also against
a proportion of five at least, open agents of an arch-Enemy seen and
felt, olso fighting and working hard in tJieir calling, — and the latter a\\
combined, apparently and alus ! having tfie mastery I

13. But is this increase, increase we are lawfully to suppose, — of
labours and exertions against a common foe and enemy of Christianity
and of humanity, complained of by ministers of religion other than those
of the three sectional churches referred to ? We do not find that it is.
How do wo know ? We receive, and gladly avail ourselves of our habits
of early rising in perusing, almost all the religious periodicals published
in Canada, and we have never yet found a complaint, in these pnpcrs,
by Methodists, Baptists, Congregatiomilists, tSco. , against Presbyteiians,
Roman Catholics and Episcopalians, for creating the great and univer-
sal causes, for such cruel evils as the miseries, afflictions, poverty, dis-
tresses, orphanages, widowhoods, and the crimes and offences of all
sorts, even murders, — for the adulteries, houses of ill-fame. Sabbath-
breaking, cursing and swearing, drunkenness, tippling, indecencies,

* Thnre has been hnrd work there in the liquor trado ; an inspection of th&
Clerk of Peace quarterly returns of conviotious will show. See aUo St. Mary*»
Argu$ of iHt and 8(h D«ot!iDb«r, 18a9i

child disobediQnces, &c., &c., all of which things, (and how many more?)
the liquor trade and traffic as referred to, has such a close connection
with nay which it engenders, — and to all which trade and traffic so
carried on by Presbytericns, Roman Catholics and Episcopalians, and
the consequences of that trade, the Methodists, Baptists, Congregation-
alists, &c., are exposed to ! The matter resolves itself into a very sim-
ple element or axiom, namely : in the social position of the whole com-
munity, is any portion of it which is embraced as a bod^ and with a
name, responsible for its acts or the acts of its members ? A single
person is ; — and, a whole body, by the acts of its parts, must have
some responsibility.

14. If the contents of this pamphlet, be put in a translated language
into the hands of those we " professing christians" call the " heathen,"
to whom we send missionaries to, — what may I supposed to be the
remarks and answers of such " heathen," upon t' liabits and customs
and the examples of the " christian ?" If our habits are condemned by
ourselves, " we being the judges," in what light are we placed before
the heathen, to whom we desire to introduce a pure christianly wisdom
and hope, — God being our Judge ? Reader, if thou art a " professing
christian," speak 1

15. Shall it be answered, that of all the anomalies, contrarieties, con-
tradictions, and hypocrisies, which can be adduced in modern times,
there will appear none so strong or so great, (the human chattel slavery
and sales of the African race by proTiessing christians in the United
States and elsewhere excepted,) there will appear none so great as the
one which '< professing christians" support, in the raising up and nur-
turing weapons and symbols of satanio agency, ali/ce destructive of
heathen maxims and habits as of christian principles, — in a hateful, a
sinful, and a cursed traffic in intoxicating drinks !

16. But we are to presume, that a " heathen" may and can olj
more I *

17. The wisest and the most humane, albeit the most christianly,
legislation of modern times, will appear to be that which will prohibit
the public retail trafficing in intoxicating liquors. To inaugurate the
social condition of a people for loyalty, bravery, humanity, and sobriety,
and as conducive for the cultivation of arts and manufactures, for com-
mercial progress and integrity, and for the advancement in education
and knowledge, and above all for a consistency as a professedly religious
people, the crowning act of the wise Legislature, should be, — a restrain-

* What has the "fire-water" (as the Indians of North America term intoxi-
oating drink) what has it done amongst tho Indian population of North and
South America ? It was introduced amongst them by professing christians
who invaded or acquired the lands of the Indian. It has decimated or nigh an-
nihilated them. So great indeed was the extent of the effects of the •' fire-
water," that the humanily of the Legislation of Canada was excited to pass pro-
hibitory laws as to the Indians. If done in mercy to them, why not to be exer-
cised ia mercy to u», and for our wives and children ?

lag and a prohibitory law, applicable to the trade and traffic in in-
toxicating liquors. *

J. J. E. Linton.
Stratford, C. W., 6lh February, 1860.

PROHIBITION NOT A NEW DOCTRINE.

(From Alliance Weefcly News, 10th December, 1859.)

In 1743, a bill was brought into Parliament for lowering the cost of licenses
to retail spirituous liquors, and also the duty per gallon on those liquors. This
bill passed the House of Commons, without any difficulty ; but in the House of
Lords it was vigorously opposed, though it was ultimately carried by a majority
of 82 against 55. Some of those who voted in the minority, however, felt the
matter to be of such importance, that, though they had failed in their vote, they
published to the country their solemn protest against the passing of so iniquitous
a measure. This protest was signed by nine bishops, and also by many noble
lords.

i'i'

* Far, far, from our intention is it, to "disparage" the unwearied exertions
of so •r.any faithful ministers of Christ in Canada, in their endeavours to stem
the iniquity of the liquor traffic which surrounds them. Of course, from
the tenor of our preceding remarks, we refer to ministers of the Episcopalian,
Presbyterian, and Roman Catholic Churches. There are many of the ministers
of the two first named churches, members of temperance organizations, and who
work in the cause with " might and main." And there are those in the Roman
Catholic church who have effected, amongst their people, a great change as
to their previous habits. And wo would desire to refer to the general sober
habits of the French Canadians. We can also, as to the Roman Catholics, refer to
our own locality of County of Perth, and to the untiring and humane exertions
of the Rev. P. Crinnan of Stratford. We write of his exertions, from what we
know and learn. Apparently, the Roman Catholic priestliood have morej»ou;<r
over their people, than the Protestant have over theirs. Should not the Roman
Catholic priesthood, therefore, be more anxious to help to i-estrain their people ?
Especially, if it does appear that the proportion of intemperance, as exhibited,
is greater with the Roman Catholics.

There are those of the Church of England, who are among the first in the
good cause of temperance, and we may refer, as an example of high worth, to
Rev. J. Shortt, Port Hope, and Rev. H. Mulkina of Kingston, and to the Right
Rev. the Lord Bishop of Huron (Dr. Cronyn). Of the Presbyterians, there is
the champion in the cause, Rev. W. Ormiston, M.A., Hamilton, United Presby-
terian, and at hand, there is that devoted servant of his Master, Rev. Donald
McKenzie of Zorra ; who has had for so many years, since 1835, the largest
body of Presbyterians under the charge of any minister in Canada. And how
many more, also, iu the Presbyterian church. But the evil, as we have stated, i«
still there.

Far, then, is it from our thoughts, to oast a •'disparagement." We honour,
— we ever hope to honour while we live and breathe — the Messengers of Christ, of
all denominations. We are obliged, however, to record facta, special and gen-
eral. No good cause can be commended by " hiding the truth." Errors,
when seen by those inclined to do well, with the clergy and with the people,
these errors will, we trust, bo remedied. They are /acM and aett of man's own
doing.

1st in the

'orth, to
[he Right
there is
Presby-
Donald
largest
.nd how
itated, i»

honour,

Christ, of

|and gen-

Errora,

people,

lta'8 own

They protest against the bill for several reasons, amongst which was th«
following : —

•« 4th. Because the opulence and power of a nation, depend upon the numbers,
industry, and rigour of its people ; and its liberty and happineta on their temper-
anee and morality ; to all which this hill threatens destruction, by authorising
50,000 houses to retail a poison, which, by universal experience, is known to
debilitate the strong and destroy the weak, to extinguisfh industry, and to in-
flame those intoxicated by its malignant efficacy, to perpetrate the most heinous
crimes. For what confusion and calamities may not ba expected, when near a
twentieth part of the houses in this kingdom shall be converted into seminaries
of drunkenness and profligacy, authorizeil and protected by the legislative power ?
And as we conceive the contribution to be paid by these infamoua recesses, and the
money to oe raised by this destructive project, are considerations highly un-
worthy the attention of Parliament, when compared with the extensive evils from
thence arising, so are we of opinion that, if the real exigencies of the public re-
■quired raising the immense sum this year granted, they could by no means pal-
liate the having recourse to a supply founded on the indulgence of debauchery,
the encouragement of crime, and the destruction of the human race."

Now we think the above quotation contains the sum and substance of the
whole question. The basis here laid down, is broiid enough and strong enough
to rest the whole temperance movement upon, both in its moral suasion and its
legal prohibition aspects. Every line is full of sound scientific and moral truth
though penned more than a hundred years ago.

1. The first position here taken is, that the opulence and power of a nation depend
on the numbers, industry, and vigour of its people, and that the liquor traffic ia
destructive of these.

Nothing we think can be clearer than this. When a country is found decreas-
ing in numbers, it is an infallible sign of national declension and decay. It was
said by a political writer, some time since, that Turkey would by and by cease
to exist, for want of Turks. Anything in a nation, therefore, that tends to des-
troy the lives of its people, should be regarded as a dire evil ; and this tendency
the liquor traffic has. It is well known, that in England tens of thousands annu-
ally die untimely deaths through drink, and the loss this country sustains in
this respect, is a loss that cannot be easily conceived. And then, again, the
opulence and power of a nation depend on the industry of its inhabit-ints. In-
dustry makes wealth, and wealth gives power. But the liquor traffic is a foe to
national industry, and is therefore proportionally destructive of national wealth.
Only think for a moment — sixty millions a year spent in drink, as the first item {
sixty mi lions more lost in connection with drink, through waste of time, destruc-
tion of property, and other causes, as the secoBd item ^ and then millions upon
millions more spent in providing for paupers, taking care of lunatics, and pun-
ishing criminals, that have been made such entirely by drink ; and it must be
seen how fearfully the liquor traffic tells on our national wealth and national
greatness. The people of this country will always be enormously taxed and
gricvinusly impoverished, while the drinking system prevails, and England will
never become great and glorious in the true sense of those words, while this
iniquitous liquor traffic is allowed to exist.

2. The next position taken is, that the liberty and happiness of a people, depend
on their temperanre and morality, and that strong drink destroys temperance and
morality, and inflames those intoxicated by its malignant efficacy, to perpetuate the
most heinous crimes.

There can be no true liberty without temperance, and there can be no true
happiness without morality. Now, the tendency of the liquor traffic is to produce
intemperance, and it is therefore subversive of liberty ; its tendency is to pro-
duce immorality, and it is therefore an enemy to happiness. Intemperance makes
men slaves to tiieir appetites, and to evil passions of every kind, and it renders

i.iiij

tbem nnfit for and nnwortbj of the exercise of politieal power. A nation of
drunkiirds could not govern tbem^elTeE — could not protide for themselves-'-'
could not defend themselves— could neither enjoy the present life nor fit
themselves for the life to ccme. It may tiuly be said, "Far worse than
brulet they live— far u-oree than bruttt thty die!" And then intemperate
nen arc also the means of keeping others, who are worthy of political
liberty, in bondage with themselves; and as to happiness, they not only
destroy their own, bnt tliey destroy the happiness of wives and children,
pareiits and friends, and all who are connected with them as well. And witb
regard to crime, we need only refer to the oft-repeated testimony of our Judges
on tbe point ; — in short, the fact is well known that no crime is too heinous,
•nd hateful, and deadly, and malignant for men to commit, when under the
demonizing influence of drink. Tbe liquor traffic, then, should have inscribed in
blivokened characters on its escutcheon, " Vice^ immoraUty and crime t — Lamenta-
tion, mourning and woe ! "

3. Tbe next position taken is, that public houaes are teminariea of drunkenneat
and profligacy, and that untold confusion may be expected when a large number of
such houses are authoria d and protected by the legislative power.

Now, every bouse in which intoxicating drinks are sold, is a drunkery. There
may be leas drunkenness in some of those bousts than there is in othern ; but
then there is drunkenness, more or less, in all. The magnificent hotel may
claim to be far more respectable than the common pot-house; but if tbe
mechanic staggers home drunk from the one, tbe so-called gentleman is often
led home druuk from tbe other. There can be no doubt but that there is as
much drunkenness am> ng independent, professional and commercial men, a»
there is among tbe working classes, making due allowance for the diflerence in
numbers. And this is by no means a matter of surprise. Strong drink will
produce tbe same effects on tbe rich as on the poor ; and while the common
publio house is open as a trap for the one class, the splendid hotel stands open
as a trap for the other class. And thfn the public house is also a school of prO'
fligacy. Drunkenness and other bad habits generally go together. The lessons
learned at the drunkery never tend towards anything good. And when lurgo
Bumber.'4 of tbe population acquire drunken and profligate habits, sad and calum-
itous must be the results ; and let it be borne in mind, that in proportion as
drunkeries are licensed and supported by tbe State, in the same proportion will
drunkenness and profligacy bo fuuud to prevail.

4. The next position taken is, that the contributions paid by these infamous re-
tesset, and the revenue raised by this destructive traffic, are considerations highly
unworthy the attention of Parliament, when compared with the extensive evils thence
arising.

What is the fifteen millions of revenue now annually raised when placed in
comparison with tbe health, happiness, and morality of the people ? It ought
not for one moment to be thought of. But, then, this fifteen millions need not
be lost to tbe Government after all. What would tbe payment of fifteen mil-
lions revenue be t* a people sober and industrious, and freed from tbe bondage
and slavery of drink ? A mere nothing I Why, they might take fifteen millions
out of the sixty millions now spent in drink to pay it, and then there would be
forty-five millions saved. And then the sixty millions now sacrificed in connec-
tion with drink, through loss of time, destruction of property, &o., would be
laved as well ; and then the millions more that are now spent on pauperism,
insanity, and crime, produced by drink, would be saved in addition. We really
don't know how rich the people of this country might become, and what resources
the Government might be able to command, if it were not for this blighting and
irithering trnfto in our midst. And yet, strange to say, oimt rulers don't per-
eeive this ; or, if they pereeive it, they have not tbe necessary moral principle
or moral courage to attempt a change.

6. The last position taken is that, even if the revenue now raised could be raised
by no other means, that would not palliate the having reeourte to a supply grounded

Eion rf
slvee— •
Qor fit
le than
iperate
koliiicol
)t only
tildren,
lid with
Judges
leinous,
ider the
ribed in
lumerUa-

nkennett
umber of

f. There
era ; but
otel may
It if the
I ia often
ere is as
men, a»
ereiioe in
Irink will
I common
inds open
jol of pro-
he lesBonft
hen lurgo
Ind calivm-
jortion as
irtion will

on the indulgence of debauchery, the encouragement of crime, and the destruction-
of the human race.

Better that the revenue should sink, and the Qovemment sink with it, than'
the flood gates of drunksnness, and vice, and immorality should be let loose upon
the land 1 Government, we know, is necessary ; but then Government ought
not to be supported by the vices of the people ; on the contrary. Government
should do its utmost to suppress those vices. Government has no more right to
do evil that good may come than an individual has, and therefore nothing can
justify the raising of any p^rt of the national revenue as the result of national
drunkenness. If the guin derived from the liquor traffic is immoral gain, then
the part of that gain that goes into the national exchequer is as much immoral
as the part that goes into the coffers of the publican, and tho curse of God is as
certainly upon it ! We hold that it would be a disgrace, under any circum-
stances, for the Government to derive any part of its revenue from such a source-
as the liquor traffic; but doubly deep is the disgrace when it is known that the
revenue conid be supported better without that traffic than with it ; and that, so-
far from being helpful to the State, its tendency in a thousand forms is to crip-
ple, and injure, and destroy !

In conclusion, we ask— Were not the views of those bishops and noble lords
just as to this matter, and have not their fearful forebodings as to coming evil
been fully realized 1 How strange that the light then vouchsafed should have
become so far obscured as that nearly a hundred years should pass away before
the Temperance Reformation, the special object of which was to counteract this
evil, was commenced ! However, let us be thankful that the light has agaiU'
dawned, that the work has commenced now, that it has proved so far successful
and that it is our privilege to take part in the glorious struggle !

J. P. U.

[Tho above will likely be found as sound a constitutional document aS'
has been issued on the subject, and withal in a small compass.]

SUMPTUARY LAWS.— RIGHT TO PlvOHIBIT.

(bxteacts.)

" Why should we temperance men interefere with our tumptuary rights f" This
is a kind of ammnnition commonly used by those who oppose the advocates of
temperance and prohibitive and restrictive principles, forgetting, a mo»>)t material
forgetfulnrss, that the rights of man, as a human being, individually, when he
is a *'lone" man, in a ^'lone" place or district, are altogether different in their
appliance, than when that same man, is in, and amidst, and forms part of, a
congregated mass of human beings, each one of which like himself, has rights.
Plant a man on tho Sahara desert, or on the sandy plains of Mexico, or in the
midst of a prairie of the west, "where the wild Buffalo roam," and his rights
there, which he can exercise and so likely without injury to another, none daring
to oppose, thwart, or divert them, — will oe somewhat diverse from the dting or
exercising of the same rights, on King Street, Toronto, or Great St. James Street,
or McGill Street, or Papineau Square, or Place de Armes in Montreal. Why?
Just imagine what rights, a human being can without molestation and without.,
injury to anything around him, exercise in the desert places alluded to, — and
see him exercise the same on the streets or squares above named.

" A Hindoo ha'* or had a right, truly,^ to immolate and make burn to a crisp
or to ashes, the widow of a deceased Hindo, or to throw a smiling babe, per-
haps just ushered into life, — into the river Ganges. And this simile founded on
the facts and acts of other peoples, may be extended indefinitely. But let any
one immolate s widow by fire on the streets or squares above named, or openly;

,;»!

I ill

itbrow a babe into the Bny in Toronto, or into the flowing stream of the St.
Lawrence from one of the wharves at Montreal, and what would be done, what
<would be thought by us, of these nets ?

" Man's rights hnd restrictions are varied, increased, decreased, and assimi-
lated, just according to the position, place, and school or class of civilization he
is in, — and these rights and restrictions are regulated by laws, — and with us,
** by laws for the public good." E.ich individual man and womun, now a days,
in our state of civilization, in the British Empire, the highest organized
state yet extant, God be praised, — must yield, he is made to yield, his particu-
lar inclination, be it a right ov a " anything," mubt yield or relinquish sucli,
for the. public good or weal.

*'Now as to the matter in hand, why is it that a man cannot make or manu-
facture, or sell, intoxicating drinks, without his right of duiug so, being inter-
fered with, in the shape of cash duties of excise or of license t Why is it that
be cannot manufacture and sell without any hindrance ? He is simply prohibited
from doing the latter. And how many things is man prohibited and restrained
from doing, because the "public good" demands and compels the prohibition
and restriction.

"Is it time to prohibit and restrain itte public retail tale of intoxicating liquors
sold for anv purpose ? Is it wise in the face of the accumulated facts, obliged
to be accumulated and commented on to meet opponents mm* dtmindants, is it
wise even to hesitate, to wait, to consider such a questica ? It is uudeniable, aa
a repeatedly proven fact, and I am cognisant of it a<) one witness and as a pub-
lic officer of government competent to give the fact, and independent and (I trust)
humane enough not to conceal it, — that of all the offences, crimes, miseries, pover-
ties, orphanages, widowhoods, &c., which occur amongst us, a large proportion
or share can be put on the said public retail sale. Of crimes, petty and larger,
I anhesitatingly pronounce the proportion of those crimes to be about seventten
to eighlecn parts out of twenty parts ! Is that a large share ? I am not a " boli-
tary" in my investigation. The facts shewing such a large proportion, have
been put forth by other responsible parties, — in Canada and in Britain. They
are now beyond controvei'sy. Has a man, have men, the right, to interfere with
and oppose, and also to uphold sumptuary 'aws, in such acase: — shall the mere
idea of a "sumptuary right," be greater in weight, for legislative purposes, th»n
the above incontrovertible /tic/. It is only waste of my time, or of any sensible
person's time, to repeat and go over, merely as it were, to please an opponent,
the train of elucidatory facts referable to this matter. I may as well submit to
>be obliged to prove, that the table I am now writing at, which is a square one,
is not a round one I The thing is too feeble, too idiotic, to be thought of. But,
observe, my dear sir, that philosophically, a man's prepossessions sometimes cause
him to act idiotically I

" Ail to perbonal ambition or solflsh-ends which I may have. Whew ! I have
attained to the summit of my ambition hero below, namely,— the power to do
some good, — and again, as my income is derived, as Clerk of the Peace of this
County, /rom /cm, and not salary, (the fees are not large by any means as the
C Pence T iritf will show) and these fees besides are pretty much annihilatol,
in regard of a respectable and responsible office by the various changes in our
laws, — and when you know (as you do) that these fees are greatly increased by
petty and larger crimes,— and these crimes again are so increased (as above
briefly referred to) by the public retail sale and traffic of intnxijating drinks, —
and 1 am an advocate (and I hope a keen and a just one) for the doing away
with that retailmU, thereby, as it were, "quirrelling with mvbreail and butter,"
am I itelfii^h? Recollect that noble centimont of a late British legislate , which
h<> uttered in the House of Common^ and which is engraven on his tomb, the
late Mr. I3rothertoD, .M.P.,— " my wealth does not consist In the vastness of my
jiosBessionv, but in tke/twnest of my wants!"

J. J. E. L.

NUMBER OF PLACES FOU RETAIL OF LIQUORS, &c., LV EACH
COUNTY IN UPPER CANADA.

COST OF ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE, ^c.

pover-

They

The population of the County of Perth in 1859, is believed to be
33 166 as nearly as can be ascertained by the writer (see statistics in
Examiner and Beacon, Stratford newspapers, November, 1859) ; and
the number of places in the Count// where Intoxicating drinks are sold
is reckoned about 200,* — fo, take the population of any one of the
Counties in Upper Canada, 43 in number, and s«?/, — as the population
of the County of Perth being 33,00J produces 200 places ot retail,
what will (say county of York, or Ontario, or Peel, or Glengarry, or
Lanark) population being (say the amount) produce ?

What an appalling number in the aggregate of all the counties ia
Upper Canada will bo the total result ! But the proportion, when
closely analysed, will be found to be greater in villages, towns and
ciiies, than in the rural disUicts, ui the propord'on of the jiopnfation.
For instance : — in Toronto (population, say 50,000) the proportion will
likely be one liquor /jA/'c to each 125 inhabitants, young and old : in
St Mary's, (county of Perth) population 2,000, about one to each 40
inhabitants, and in Stratford, population about 3,000, about one to
each 70. But for a tjeneral approximation, the plan above alluded to,
might bo safely followed for u basis, and it is believed would not be an
over, but an under estimate.

Again,— if the fij^^ra^e charge for a retail license in Upper Canada
be say $28, (in towns and cities will likely bo more, but such would
not affect the aggregate), the aggregate value to each county may be
approached. Then estimate the expenccs and charges in each county
for a proportion of interest on cost of Gaol, Gaolers and Turnkeys
salaries, thoriff's fees, Constables, Magistrates, (petty cases) (^lerk of
Peace fees, County Attor'ioy, Queen's Counsel, Jurors, Boaiding Pri-
Boiiers (eriminal and lunatic). Firewood, &c. &e., and t\\Qjiiie», — and
the time wjsted, for which in so many instances there is no remunera-
tion. And whiit shall be said as to a proportion of the Judge's salaries,
Recorder's, Police Magistrates, &c. ?

E. L.

* The population in luly, 18^3, wlicn wo emiRrathd to it. tlion n "wiMer-
ne98," wna nbout 2n(), himI nIx Btoppiiij? places there were tlu'ii ti>r truvcllcni
•ml Piiiigrnnto, where IntoxioHting ilrinkH were furuislieJ. In 1850, in St.
Mury'Hiiiul Sirnif.ird iiloiie, in tlii-* county, tliero were ntmut 100 1 St. Mnry'i
hud over no, Sirntloid Q»er 40. Wo li»id the honor in 1849, in Montrenl. of
namiiij/ tins county, which we did tit'ter iho county in Scotlund the tirst settlers
cnm • from. They setilod in Norlli lvi»thopo. Wo noted m delegnto for Jin- ob-
tninin)? the bepiiniiion of thix dititriot of country from tho county of Huron.
Wo were also in filtcndtuice iit Parliumont aa a delegalo II. 1817, fur the onu*
purpuBC, but did not then Bucoeed.

'^i

Is there a profit in a money or cash value, crediting the receipts for
Hcensea payable to the municipalities and debiting the costs, as above,
attendant on the offences, crimes, &c , which latter are the results (say
as 18 cases out of 20) of the liquor trade and traffic ?

Is there a profit, when to the debit side are also to be carried the
poverty, temporal losses, miseries, widowhoods, orphanages, offences,
crimes, sabbath desecration, cursing and swearing, drunkenness and
tippling, whoremongery, prostitution, &c. ?

Is there a profit? Let it appear. We have not hinted ns fo moral
hindrances. Is there a re»pnm!bilif(/ applicable to those who compose
majorities in councils and legislative halls, who plant with a parasitical
influence the things which so vividly are seen to bring on the woes,
destitutions, offences, crimes, &c., in our noble Province, which are at-
tributable to the retail tnAc in intoxicating drinks.

20tJi January, 1860.

CONVICTIONS FOR OFFENCES, &c., COUNTY OP PERTH.

We have it in our power to state the number of convictions for
offences, &o , being the petty cases before magistrates from the time
(January, 18551), when this county was finally sot apart from the coun-
ty of Huron, but we content ourselves with an abstract of, say the last
two years. The returns are publi-shed quarterly by the Clerk of the
Peace.

For quarter, or 90 days ending, March, 1858 102

" " June, " 173

« " Sept. " 183

« " Doc. " 138

« « March, 1859 95

« •< Juno " 150

«« •♦ Sept. '• 87

" «' Deo. " 139

10G7

Wc have no hesitation in stating, as a public officer, that if the induce
mcnis and temptations of the common public retail of spirituous and
otiicr intoxicating drinks were removed, there would nut bo the same
Dumber of offences, ^o.

There are, no doubt, eases for recovery of wages included in tho
above abstract, but as a whulc, tiiy oxperioiicc lead^ mo to state jxisifinfy
AS to the vaiinrn of offences, «kc , being in the unnecofsary publiu temp-
tationu to drink, and the proportion of «u(7i cuses is ubout 17 to 18 out
of every 20 cases.

A^ain in the above convictions are not included the eases tried
before the Quarter Sessions or the Assize? ; and the observation and
experience of observing persons will show how many of such cases ar<?
directly traceable to " drink." Some of the severest cases for assault
and injury, tried at the Quarter Sessions, were owing to "drink."
Nay, the variety of cases so traceable, embrace civil suits as well.
Where, then, we may lawfully enquire, has not this evil traffic an in-
fluence ?

We submit to any one who ponders on the conditmn of society, any
where that it will appear as a very common-place thoujiht lor us to
state, that if such temptations as are in this retail trade, (of man's own
creatin"'), were removed, there would be every scope fur religious and
moral training. In fact, to the serious thinker and observer, will
occur, this sad thought, — sad to be recorded in the latter part of the
nintteenth century, that " Christianity has not had fair play." Are we
to infer, always to think on the devil's side, that '* let us wait, God
will interfere." True His power is present, but he has instructed us
to use means, and as our Saviour anointed the blind man's eyes before
I'cstorin*' them to see, — so that was a token to us to use means ; but the
retail trade and traffic in inflaming and exciting drinks, is ?/ / a meaus
for His Glory, or for the good of mankind.

Our (lut// as a " professing christian people" is too apparent even for
the most ignorant and untaught nol to comprehend. l)o the poverty,
misery, afflictions, offences, &o., &c., traceable to intoxicating drinks,
conduce to the glory of God ? Do they conduce or lead to our shame
as a people ? The following remarks as to " uur (fvti/, " in a respecta-
ble newspaper, which is an advocate of /iMWon/Vy, have come be ore us
while compiling the above abstract of convictions, and we give the
same a currency in these pages. May they be seriously thought upon :
" Did you ever notice that the Holy Evangelists agree in representing
" Our Saviour as more severe in His denunciations against the Phari-
" sees, than against either the Sadducees, who were sceptical, or the
" Publicans who were immoral ? Did you ever notice what sort of
" offences, among the Pharisee.", give reasons to this severity of denun-
" ciution? It was their presentation, before God and man, of a pro-
*' /eHsinn and certain outward manifestations of />'*(.'/'//, as a substitute
" for the porformanoe of duO/. They were pre-eminently the pious
^' people of their ago and nation. The sabbaths, prayers, fusts, bap-
*' tisins and other ritual observances, by a punctilious devotion to which
*' thoy distinguished themselves, were all commanded in their law, yet
*' thcMc, as well as the oppression and extortion which they practised,
" appear conspicuously as counts in the indiotment bronght by our
" Saviour asmnst them. The same vice exists, and just as conspiuuous-
** ly. among the same class of people amongst us now. The di p! ly of
*' pi'.ity, by tulf alone, as a suhstitiite/or the pcrfnrmnnie o/Uufj/, il
" not only pnictised but inculcated, apparently to an observer, f' r the
" purpose of opposing or passing by, the most uigcntly needed reforms."

25//* January, 1860.

ill
liii

CRIME IN TORONTO.

ABSTRACT FROM THE STATISTICAL REPORT OF CRIMK IN THE CITY OF TORONTO',

DURING THE YBiR 1859.

Number of offenders apprehended and brought beCbre the Police
Magistrate upon the following charges: — Outting and wounding, 6
males; highway robbery, 14 males ; housebreaking, 15 males; aison^
9 males, 2 females; passing counterfeit money, 13 males, 4 females;
obtaining goods under f.ilse pretenses, 8 males, 9 females ; cattle steal-
ing, 8 males; gambling, 8 males; rape, 4; receiving stolen goods, 1&
males, 21 females; forgery, 11 males, 4 females; compounding felony^
1 male ; larceny, or suspicion of larceny, 484 males, 207 females, 4()
boys; assault, 898 males, 55 females; assaulting poKce, 23 males:
drunk and disorderly, 1,201 males, 954 females, 117 boys; indecem,
exposure, 4 males; keeping disorderly house or found in them, 80'
males, 74 females; child desertion, 6 females, ; selling spirits without
license, &c., 72 males, 9 females; breach of city law, 351 males,
29 females ; threatening, 77 males, 50 females; carrying or selling
unlawful weapons, 7 niales, 1 female; trespass, 70 males, 28 females;
keeping dangerous dogs, 21 males; cruelty to animals, 12 malos ;
contempt of court, 10 males; furious driving, 8 males; dci^crting
employment, 15 niales; non-paymeut of wages, 35 males. Total,
2,918 males, 1,518 femahs, 157 boys, (40 arrested for larceny or on
suspicion, and 117 for drunkoiino.«8, or other disorderly conduct, — in
all, 157 boys.) Grand total, 4,593.

now DISPOSED OF.

These were disposed of in the following manner: — Corainitted to
goal for one month or under, 375 males, 718 females. Committed to
gaol for six months or under, 04 males, 45 females. Fined or impri-
soned, 723 mules, 88 females. Summarily punished by lines, 333
males, 15 females; committed for trial, G6 males, 15 females. Il^und
over to keep the peace, G3 males, 30 females. Committed in default
of sureties, 28 males, 17 females, llcniandcd, 561 niales, 2l!3 feuialesv
Dismissed, 123 males, 27 females, ('hargcs withdrawn, 20G malos^
27 females. Prisoucra discharged, 558 mules, 28G females.

NATIVE COUNTRIES OP rUISONERS.

Of the prisoners 1,707 u)ales, and 1,175 fei'jales were Irish ; 45&
males, 155 females were Canadian ; 378 males, and 73 tcntnlus wore
Etiglinh ; 142 mules, and 25 females wore Scotch; 05 iiiiilcs, and V,l
femulcs were Americans; 43 nia'es, ntid 7 femnles were (jlernmns; 103
males, and 14 females were culuunid; 177 luulus, aud 31 females were
firom other oountrlcs.

AGES OP phtsonehs.

From ten to fifteen years, 117 niales and 7 females; from fifteen to
twenty years, 225 males and 08 fumules ; frk^m twenty to thirty, 89(>

let

45&
wore

H were

"ceil to
BOG

males and 637 females ; from thirty to forty, 861] males and 374 females ;
from forty to fifty, 720 males and 219 females ; from fifty to sixty, 196
males and 159 females; from sixty to seventy, 54 males and 23
females j from seventy to eighty, 4 males and 1 female.

NUMBER OP CONVICTIONS.

Of the male prisoners 59 have been confined twice; 72 three times;
23 four times : 11 five times ; 18 six times ; 2 seven times ; 1 ten times,
and 1 eleven times during the year.

Of the female prisoners, 85 have been confined twice; 39 three
times* 24 four times; 30 five times; 18 six times; 24 seven times;
15 ei"ht times; 5 nine times; 1 ten times; and 1 eleven times during
the year."

The above abstract of crime in Toronto cify appeared in the two city
newspapers, the Globe and the Lfm/er, 16th and 17th January, 1800,
and any reader of these two well edited papers, cannot fail, in the course
of investigation for a period, to see in the records given, the close con-
nection between offences, crimes, follies, destitutions, &c ,and the retail
trade in liquors. 'J he evidence is beyond cavil ; and if other news-
papers are consulted in the various counties, the results of investigation
will be the same. The "anxiety" of temperance and prohibition advo-
cates, in producing proof, is not met with an equal frankness by their
opponents, who are ever over-carvj'ul for a reform, and very ecououiical
in their *' admissions I"

How many of the cases of the above abstracted 4,593 cases for 1859
will be found closely, indirectly, and remotely, allied to the trade io
liquors ?

Again, in a separate table in the Lca<hr of the 13th January, ap-
pears commifments for 1859 to Toronto Gaol, furnished by the gaoler,
Mr. Allen, we presume. The table »s a Jong one — more so than tho
above — and appears to be prepared with much care. Wo extract only
the following :

The nu ibor of prisoners committed was 2,085, namely, 1,120
males, and 965 females. The religious denominations to which they
belong are : lloman t'atholics, l,Oi 8 ; Church of Kngland, 734 ; I'ros-
byterians, 141 ; Methodists, 92; Baptists, 15; other denominations, 9 ;
no denomination, 26. There were committed of the above, ouie, 1805 :
tho others were committed twice, and so on. There were 90 under 15
years of age; from 15 to 20,330; 20 to 30, 839; 30 to 40, 408;
above 40, 352. Tho national and tho imde divisions are al.>o given,
and tho degree of education : there being of the latter ()84 could lu'ither
read nor write; 572 could read only; 783 could read and write imper-
fectly; 40 males could read and write well, and 6 of a superior oduca-
tion. As " drunk and disorderly," there are 724 males, and 805 Couialcs
(15*29;. It is added, "Of tho female prisoners thorn woro married,
152; widows, 30; servants, 110; and prostitutes, 6711" Tho popula-
tion of Toronto is about 50,000.

We ask, what intluonoo or connection had the liquor trade or traOio
in ToruDto with uU thoso ca8cs t

i:i

CRIME IN MONTREAL.

(From (he Family Herald, 25<A January, — a useful Weekly Paper.)

" Tlie Annual Report of the Chief of Police presents rather an a'arming state
of affiiirs. During the year no fewer than 6,881 pe sons have been arrested bj
the police, and brought up for trial — au increase of 1,407 over the arrests of
Inst year. Of this number 6,118 were males, and 1,768 females; while of the
whole number 3,221 were arrested for drunkenness iu its various stages, of • tip-
pling, drunk, drunk and disorderly.' To this number would require to be added
668 clnssed under the head, " breach of the peace," for it is well known to any
one who has studied life, in this its lowest phase, thnt nine out of every ten
breaches of the pence are caused by drink. There are 210 classed a^ *' imped-
ing and incommoding," which we profess not to ba able to define, but that 210
might with safety be placed to the previous, number, which makes the total
number of drunk and disorderly in their various stages, from the incipient,
which is styled by the Cliief of Police as tippling — a stage of drinking we bad
always considered beyond the precincts of magisterial jurisdiction — up to the
confirmed staee, classed as impeding and incommoding, 3,ii86. In fact, the
bulk of the crime may be set down as resulting from drunkenness. The graver
offences against the law were, murder 1, highway robbery 2, receiving stolen
goods 5, larceny 220, gambling 3, and various other recognizable offences in-
olud<^ a certain portion of the number; but that is small when compared with
the list of drunkcnnefis — a state of things no one would believe when they listen
to the flimsy harangues of some of our loquacious demagogues. The various
nationalities are represented as Iri^h, 3,307 ; French Canadians, 1,726; Eng-
lish, 323; Scotch, 637; British Canadian, 212; United States, 101; other
countries, 100. The table seems very carefully compiled, and reflects credit
upon the Chief of Police."

There is a very exact condensation of this Police Report in the Life
J?o(//, of^rd February, published at Montreal by Mr. Hose, received
too late to avail ourselves of its abstract of offences. We can only
refer to it.

The Montreal Witucan commenting on the above report of the Chief
of Police, (/apt. M. J. Hays, states : —

"The Official Statistics in Lower Canada never state the creed of criminals,
»8 is done in Western Canada and the United States. * * * * The whole
number clnssed as Irish, and at French Canadinns, may be considered as Roman
Catholics, for if there be a few Protestants nmong the Irish, there will probably
be an equal number of Roman Catholics in the other nationalities. We have,
then, the enormous disproportion of 6,098 Roman Catholics arrested to 1,778
Protesfnnts, or about 8 to 1. * * * What n comment this on the liquor
traffic !" (The preponderance of the Roman Catholic population may account
80 far for this disproportion.) The population ot Montreal, it is said, is about
75,000.

CRIME IN QUEBEC, C. E. AND HAMILTON, C. W.

The Ptntiatics of crime in Qaobec pive the while nutuber of persons
arrostoiJ for vurious offonccH during the year 1M59, at 2,294. \n the
City (if Ilnniilton, C W,, the ciises of various offences before the Police
Magistrate for 1850, tvere 1,816, and of these there were 468 females.

But of crimes, higher offences, &c., before the Assize Courts and
Courts of Quarter Sessions, and Recorders' Courts, the above returns do
not embrace them. Their number in Counties and Cities, independent
of the cases of Police Courts, are not, it is to be lamented, inconsidera-
ble ; and when arising from the traffic in intoxicating drink, should in-
duce a thought for some remedy. The population of Quebec supposed
to be 00,000, and Hamilton 30,000.

THE SUPPORT OP THE POOR OF CITIES— STRIKE AT ITS CAUSE—
THE LICENSE SYSTEM— THE THREE GREAT EVILS OP

MODERN Society.

{To the Editor of the Globe.)

Sin, In jour issue of the 29th December, I observed a communication as

well as an able article, od the all-absorbing question of the support of the poor.
Several letters have since appeared in your columns on the same subject. The
qiie8tion of how the poor of American cities are to be best provided for, is one
agitir.iiig all parts of 3ritish America and the Americnn States. The Ameri-
cans, like ourselves, have a debased and miserable poor to support. Common
humanity and religion require every community to see that the poor shall not
go uncired for. Year after year the subject, at this season, comes up promi-
nently before the public, and so it will continue to be, if some wise remedy be
^^ ' IS not found for the evil. I do not see the true cause of this state of things in our
cities pointed out, either in your article or the commnnications alluded to. Had
it been so, I would not have troubled you with this letter. Now, sir, what is
the cause of the great portion, I may say safely three-fourth$>, of the poverty in
our midst? The answer is on the tongue of every thinking person. The low
(jIboo Shops, Obocubiks, and Saloons that meet the eye in dozens, on all of our
cornurs, up and down our best and worst streets. Every vicinity, the most se-
cluded Mtreets in the far-off suburbs, and the best streets an'i busiest thorough-
fares, equally swarm with tippling bar-rooms, or little grocerius, where they sell
a quarter of a pound of tea ur sugar, and a gallon of whiskey or bkkr. These
buck street groceries or saloons, are the resort of the poor man or his wife. Did
I say his wife? Alas! that it is so: for there are too many instances in our
midut of drunken wives Hither the labouring men go after their day's work, or
thither they send their little children, to purchase by the quart what breeds quar-
rels iu their families, causes diseases and weakness, and ultimately poverty and
deii th. The debauch of the previous night unfits the man for work and disarranges
his family ntfairs, demoralizes his children, and, too often, causes the laboring
man to lose his place. He becomes idle or sick, his wife follows his example,
and the poor family, once comparatively happy, is turned into a scene of misery
and Kquulid poverty. The children go round the streets to beg— the daughters
flgiire in tl e Brook's Bush gang— Stanley-street rows, or fill up the beastly
scentP, alas, poor women 1 of our Police Court. C«n there be anything to the
human heart more pitiable than to see the many fallen and drunken females
who, from week to week, infest our Police Court! The poor man drinks. He
sptMuls his pennies, that should go for bread or meat, in the low saloon : he in-
jures his hualth: his wife and children ultimately follow his example, or, hav-
ing no one to provide for them, become beggars. Let us but examine more than
half the bcjrgars who come to our doors, and we see immediately the cause of
their dt-grmlation. Lfit us watch the Police Courts, and examine into the cause
of tlio quarrels and ilixputes that arise in our city — what is it? I need not here
Sir, alluilu t'» the quarterly presentments of grand juriet — to the addresses of
juiljfi'M from the bunch, to the calendars of our gaol— for they all teem with
proofs that tho Itetmt tystevt is the great curse of the age in which we live.

:i;!iti

'§

r V'

. Hi?

1:1

Then the cau^e of the poverty in our city in a great measure is traceable to
the unchriatian and inhuman system of allowing so many liquor-selling groceries
and saloons to infest our city. The benevolent societies in our midst, our Mug-
dnlen Home, Orphans' Home, Pnor House, G:ioI Board, the funds of all our
national Hocieties, are more or less drained and squandered in counteracting the
effects on society of the deadly poison of liquor-selling and tippling !

The generous and humane are called upon thus against their will indirectly
to sustain the beastly resorts of the low liquor- venders. Now, if the commu-
nity t« onh/ manhf and bold enough to face this evil, we can soon abate much of
our poverty and beggary.

I 8CP that you say in your issue < ' the 30th December, that the number of
inns or saloons licensed in 1859 is mu^ii smaller than that of 1858. Let the
year 1860 see a much greater reduction. Where there are now three licenses
given, let but one be issued ; and so year after year reduce the number until we
have a sober and quiet community. Let us have the houi^es of the poor, if they
be humble, the abodes of quietness, sobriety, and Christian feeliug. It is no
disgtace to be poor. The eye of God is ever on the struggling and deserving
poor, and lie will secretly provide f-^r their wants. But, if to poverty the poor
man or woman adds drunkenness, profanity and crime — oh, how fallen ! Yet
even for them society must care. Our city of Toronto is but a larger example
of other Canadian towns and cities— M-mtreal and Quebec are counterparts of
our community The citizens of Toronto were lately in the midst of their civic
elections, but I fear omitted to voto for the men who would try to abate the
license sj stem. Those returned as civic members are generally favourable to
the system ; we must, then, rely upon private effort. We profess to be a Chris-
tian community, our city is full of elegant churches, with large and attentive
audiences, where the blessed precepts of the Redeemer of the world are ably
preached — we profess to belitve as a people that the human soul is of immortal
value, destined to live for ever ; yet I fear we rend day after day with too little
feeling of the most heart-rending deaths, sadden and unprepared for in our
mid-t, the effects of drunkenne-a. A Coroner calls a jury on the death of some
poor female or man found dead, the victim of intemperance ; it is passed over,
and no more is thought of it, until some other sad tale again awakens a sympa-
thising sigh. Do Christian ministers feel their responsibiltly on the subject of the
drinking usages of society? Are they awake to this evil in our city and in all
cities ? I feir not, or more active measures would be taken to put it duwn. —
According to their doctrines, every soul that dies is of inestimable value ; and
we are very t>lain1y told that the drunkard cannot inherit eternal life. The
watchmen of Zion's glory should battle everywhere against this evil as the great
power of Sutan on earth. They profess to believe in the spirit power of Satan
to An evil ; let ministers of religion behold the thousands of tombs that fill our
land, in which rest the dust of the poor inebriate !

The three great evils of modern society are the licensing of taverns, in which
poisonous liquors are sold ; the debasement of women in our great citits, which ia
to A certain extent caused by the fir.st, — and the gaming-table. The three are
inseparable companions, and are deadly foes to Cliristian progress — to hopes
of happiness beyond the grave. They are the deadliest foes to human pruspe-
rity, ever lookini^ at human society with the eye of. a 8>idiluceo. If we strike
down the first, the great upas tree of intemperance, the roots that lie under it and
are nnnrislipd by it will in due time die too, or at least will vanibh beneath the
effulgence of Christian truth and benevolence.

C. M. D.
Toronto, Jan. 21, 18G0.

Tho above letter appeared in the Toronto Globe of the 27th January,
and we would try tn draw sotiic uttcniion to the stuteincntH in it, We
hope there is not a thinking luuo ur woman in Canada, but will euho the

desires and the facts of this humane writer. And if we look to the
social state of our Towns and Incorporated Villages, we will find the
statements, in their degree, applicable to them as well as to the Cities.
Such statements cannot be gainsayed.

"We need cot dilate. We had intended to have at some length re-
ferred to the very subject embraced in the above letter. We have
observed it while preparing these sheets, and we gladly avail ourselves
of its just views. We have only from all our observations and facts, to
endorse the humane writer's appeals.

We had observed a good article in the Glohe on the subject of Be-
nevolence and the Poor; and also, that the Rev. Dr. Willis, Rev. Mr.
Hope, also Rev. Dr. Fyfe, all of Toronto, have alluded to the subject
impressively enough, but excepting the latter reverend gentleman, there
has been no sufficient allusion to what we would call the marrow of the
matter, till the above letter of C M. D. appeared. Dr. Fyfe very just-
ly remarks as follows, as regards the eflfects of the liquor traffic in crea-
tmq the poor : — " I have another objection to a legal provision, in
" which, perhaps, a greater number of benevolent people in this city
" sympathise with me. I object to making legal provision for the poor
" in Toronto, whilst legal permission for the manufacture of four-filths
" of all the poor in Toronto is continued. The city derives a revenue
" from the process by which the majority of the poor are brought into
" esis.'ence. And it seems nothing more than fair for us in the city to
" say, if you wish to tax us to support the poor, then cease manufac-
" turingthera with your saloons and grog shops, or else apply the pro-
" ceeds of your tavern licenses to help the families of those who spend
" their all in such places. I say nothing now of the heavy tax imposed
" upon the citizens of Toronto to support Police Courts, Law, &o., di-
" rectly required as the result of the drinking protected and fostered
" by the municipal law; but I merely object to have a tax to support
" the poor, also chiefly made by the same means." We might differ
with Dr. Fjfe as to a legal provision for the poor. The IVlunicipal
Act of 22 Vic. cap. 99. (1858) has provided for the wants of the ne-
cessitous poor, if it would be acted upon. The' poor ought to be pro-
vided for, be the way what it may, but let all generous and humane
hearts work and labour to reduce the causes which create poverty.

We might refer to as good and as high an authority as is in Canada,
the Hon. G. W. Allan, M. L. C, of Toronto, and his ezpericnce, we
are certain, will show that there are causes in our midst, of man's own
creating, which rear up a large proportion of the poor and destitute
cases which seek relief We have before us the Report of the Protes-
tant Magdalen Asylum of Montreal, (see Witness of 25th January)
and in it there is evidence of what that causes, which thoughtless man
creates. Let us examine all the Reports of our Benevolent Institutions
and Societies, and in the cases whicn form the pious and humane care
of their managers and visitors, we shall see the fruits of what " man
creates." The evidence to bo brought forward from all these sources,
besides what is produced in the Police and Recorders Courts, Quarter
Sessions and Assizes, all such is overwhelming. We are blind.

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We can only refer to a very important' letter in the Toronto Globe of
February 2nd, by a correspondent signing " Scrutator," who is a phy-
sician, corroborative of the above letter of C. M. D. ; and in the same
paper there is a letter signed " A Friend to Society, " on the " Statistics
of Intemperance and its results." These letters we intended to have
inserted, as they are important in showing further proof. They are
worthy of being consulted.

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LIQUOR MANUFACTURE IN TORONTO, C. W.

The city has already become famous for the excellence of its ale. The mnu-
ufacture is rapidly growing into one of importance. There are at present eight
breweries in active operation in the city and vicinity, the consumption of malt
in. which, \i over 80,000 bushels per annum The manufacture of beer does not
fall short of 720,000 gallons, valued at $160,000. The principal brewers are
Messrs. George and Henry Severn, of Yoikville; John A. Aldwcll, Victoria
Brewery; Thos. Davis, Yonge-street; Wallace and Moss, W. Copclaud, Jua.,
Rowell &, Payne, G. Thompson, and Thos. Davis, Jun.

A very extensive brewery has been erected during the year by Mr. Aid well,
on William-street, near the College Avenue, which will be one of the most com-
plete establishments of the kind in the Province. He has spared no money in
introducing all the latest improvments, and his enterprise entitles him to success.

The manufacture of whiskey has also grown to be one of considerable impor-
tance. While, unhappily, the consumption has increased in the country, the
importations have very much diminished, as will be seen by the following —
being the Custom House returns of the quantity of whiskey entered for consump-
tion at this Port for the past four years.

Gallant. Value.

1856 76.786 $31,416

1857 12,220 4,472

1868 6,917 2,671

1859 631 860

The country from the Ottawa to the Detroit rivers, is now principally supplied
by Toronto distilleries, and during the coming year the production will be largely
augmented by the completion of the distillery of Messrs. Qooderham and Worts.
The home market is already supplied, and it is the intention of this enterprising
firm to export to England the great bulk of their increased manufacture. They
will, of course, make a much superior description of whiskey than that sold
here, and no doubt will create a profitable trade. When complete, they can
turn out 160 barrels of 40 0. P. whiskey per day. It is expected they will re-
quire half a million of bushels annually of Weatern grain, besides what they <san
get in our own markets.

The above we extract from the Annual Review of the trade of To-
ronto in the Globe of the 25th January, 1860. Wo re-publish it for the
purpose of bringing it prominently by itaelf before the people of Ca-
nada. If t?^e trade of the manufacture of liquors in Montreal, at King-
ston, Preston, St. Catherines, Chippewa, Amherstburg and some other
places was also brought forward, the extent of the inducements fur the
retail trade, would be seen in its largeness. We say nothing of the
importation or exportation or the wholesale trade. Wo say nothing

here as to tbe manufacture and the trade being carried on by Fresby*
terians, Episcopalians and Roman Catholics !

We ask this question, — What good morally, religiously and socially,
to Toronto; does the above " Liquor Manufacture," in its city, accom-
plish 7

ADULTERATED LIQUORS.

<'Dr. Hiram Cox, the Cincinnati Inspector, has published many
deeply interesting facts of his experience in testing liquors sold in that
city. In 600 inspections of Stores and lots of liquor in every variety,
he found that 90 per cent were impregnated with the most pernicious
and poisonous ingredients. Nineteen young men, all sons of respecta-
ble citizens, were killed outright by only three months drinking of these
poisoned liquors. Many older men, who were only moderate drinkers,
died within the same period of delirium tremens, brought on in one
quarter the time usual, even with confirmed drunkards, by drinking
this same poison. Of 400 insane patients, he found that two-thirds had
lost their reason from that cause, — many of them were boys under age.
One boy of 17 was made insane by the poison from being drunk only
onoo. Seeing two men drinking in a grog-shop, and that the whiskey
was so strong that it actually caused tears to flow from the eyes uf one
of them, the Dr. obtained some of it and applied his tests. He found
it to contain only 17 per cent, of alcohol, when it should have con-
tained 40, and that the difference was supplied by sulphuric acid, red
pepper, caustic, potasso and strychnine. A pint of this liquor con-
tained enough poison to kill the strongest man. The man who had
manufactured it had grown wealthy by producing it." — (^Scientific
American, and copied into the Pilot, and several Canadian papers.)

We would also recommend to any who may entertain a doubt, as to
adulterations, the valuable paper by E. C. D^lavan, E8q., of Albany,
N. Y., June, 1857, extracts from the same, with a valuable appendix,
including an excellent address by Bishop Potter, where also the adulter-
ations are noted, will be found in " Lectures on Temperance," by Dr.
Nott, edited by Amasa McCoy, Esq., of Albany, N. Y., (Hamilton, C. W.
edition by Moffat & Co., 1858), pp. 371. This book ought to be con-
sulted by any one desirous of advancing the progress of society in this
cause.

There is an article on " Adulterations of Liquors, " copied into the
Montreal Witness of 19th October, 1859, from •* Boston Journal, "
which tee advise all drinkers of Port Wine, Brandies, Gin, " Bourbon
Whiskey" or other Whiskies, Rum, Wines, &c. &c., to read.. There
is enough of proof referred to there as ought to satisfy any person. *

* We call on our readers to peruse the " astounding disclosures" in a letter
by Dr. Cox of Cincinnati, just published in Montreal Witneis ot Ath February.
It will be found at the end of these pages.

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REVELATIONS OP THE RETAIL TRAFFIC BY THE NEWS-
PAPER PRESS.

To a reader of many of our Canadian newspapers, wherein are
recorded heal events as well as those occurrinjjat a distance, it requires
no great aptitude in an enquirer to see in these useful papers the great
influence which the retail trade iu intoxicating drinks bears on the
social state of man and woman. It is, we are inclined to think, very
harassing to the feelings of the humane, the philanthropic, and the
professing Christian, to see the records of so many cases of miseries,
offences, crimes, &8., caused by the contact of that trade with man-
kind. It must be more so when there is no practically available
recours* for a sweeping alleviation. There appears to be none, except
in the doing away with the means of contact, namely : the exposure
for public sale by retail, of an article which has been proved over and
over again, by its seductive hold and attraction on certain parts of the
constituted human frame-work, aa one dangerous to society. But
resist that contact ? Some may unthinkingly, nay ignorantly, say so,
— but as the " iron will " in man or woman, when exposed to such a
contact, held up so vividly to us by habits and by legal sanction as
apparently innocent, when that " iron will" is not of our own creating,
but when the cause of contact and the temptation, are ours, — it is only
folly to say "resist." The history of the contact with the " article"
so dangerous, is an ample, alas ! too sad, refutation of all "advisory
measures." Why have we, as a people, that article so exposed, as to
tempt the trial of its efficacy for good or evil, obtainable as it is in ita
cost for a few coppers or pence, or for any sum ? Why put, by expo-
sure for sale, such a disastrous temptation in the path of men and
women, and of our children ?

No stronger evidence, and withal respectable and so reliable, to be
adduced before our legislators for a repeal of the right to sell by retail
such a dangerous commodity as intoxicating drink, does exist, next
to the records themselves and the sight of the evils, than in the fyles
of the Newspaper Pi ess of Canada.

OPINIONS OP MEDICAL GENT'^EMEN, CLERGYMEN, Ac.

It is no object of ours unnece'^arily to bring forward proofs. A
very little trouble, now-a-days, with an ordinary energy, to "cull"
from the periodical press, would furnish a set of volumes to illustrate
the iniquity of the traffic, as causing every species of crime, offence,
murder, misery, poverty, &c.

We quote the opinion of the Medical Gentlemen of the Faculty of
New York State, which was unanimously given, of date 4th February,
18 7 : — " Resolved, That in view of the ravages made upon the
" morals, health and property of the people of this State by the use of
" alcoholic drinks, it is the opinion of this Medical Society that the

" moral, sanitary and pecuniary condition of the State would be pro-
« nioted by the passage of a Prohibitory Liquor Law." It will be
recollected that the opinion of the Medical gentlemen of Great Britain
was "iven and published years ago, against the use of intoxicating
drinks as a beverage. &c. The Medical testimony of various kinds
against such drinks is indisputable.

Very lately, this last Fall, the valuable testimony of the Clergymen
in England of the Church of England was published in Canada and
the United States, being " An address to the Clergy of the Church of
EnMand, from members of their own body," and was signed by 112
Clergymen, the Very Rev. Francis Close, !D.D., Dean of Carlisle, being
the first signer. Many other names have since been signed to this Ad-
dress in England and Wales. The following ,*re extracts : — " Whilst
" heartily thankful to the Almighty God for the effortswhich are being
" made in our day for the religious an J social improvement of the people
" in this land, we cannot close our eyes to the fact, that at the aame time
" an agency is at work which well nigh nullifies them all, we refer to the
" drinking usages of society ; against which, and everything that tends
" to foster this fertile source of evil, we desire to send forth our earnest
" and conscientious protest. Parliamentary Reports, Registrars' Re-
" turns, the evidence of the Commissioners of Lunacy, of Parish
" Relieving Ofiicers, of Physicians in Hospitals, of Chaplains in Gaols,
" as likewise the strong language of our Judges on the Bench, all
" unite in testifying that the prolific generator of the varied crime and
" misery by which we are surrounded is intoxicating drink. On this
" point no difference of opinion exists. The fact is patent and every-
" where confessed. What then are we, the Ministers of the National
" Church, doing to counteract this frightful and wide-spread evil ?"
« * * * \ye abstain ourselves because we believe that the drunken-
" nes3 which prevails may be traced back to moderate drinJeing and its
" great cause. We are convinced that moderate drinking, and not drunk-
" enness only, supports the traffic, the traJEc tends to foster drunkenness,.
" and drunkenness produces bodily misery, Hocial degradation and spirit-
" ual death. So long as drink is supplied there will be drunkenness.
" Which is most in accordance with common sense, to supply the cause
" and labour in vain to remove the effect ; or to get rid of the effect
" through the banishment of the cause ?" * * * u t^q appeal to
'' you, brethren, is it not drink, above all things, which tends to nullify
" the preaching of the Word, which keeps back numbers from the house
" of God, which degrades the masses of society, and mars almost every
" effort to win souls to Christ ?" Witness also the additional testimony
by the Dean of Carlisle, Dr. Close : — " If I had a thousand hands
" they should be lifted up against the cruel destroyer, drink I I am
" persuaded, after long experience and much thought, that nothing less
" than total abstinence and a restrictive law will stem the fearful tor^
" rent of intoxication. Moderation is the first step towards excess,
" and its foster-father. The drunkard does less towards promoting
" drunkenness than the temperate man. The former makes drink dis-
" gusting, the latter recommends it." But to crown the whole, going
3

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back two years, to JunS 1857, at Manchester, England, we find a Con-
ference of Ministers of all denominations. Church of England, Wes-
leyan, Presbyterian, Independent, Baptist, &c., to the number of 1724,
signing a declaration " to encourage every legitimate effort for the entire
*< suppression of the trade, by the power of the national will, and
" through the form of a legislative enactment." — Journal of A. T.Union,
N.Y., October, 1859.

Also a Convention of the Ministers at Halifax, N. S., 25th October,
1859, resolved as follows : " That as this Province is still being deeply
" injured in rJl its real interests by the present legally authorised sale
" and the very general use of intoxicating drinks, it is highly expedient
*< that appli'jation be made to the Provincicl Parliament in its ensuing
" Session, for the enactment of a law directly prohibiting their sale."

The Synod of the Reformed Presbyterian Church in Ireland in 1869,
and also the Synod of the United Presbyterian Church in Scotland in
1859, resolved against the traffic. The Synod of the Presbyterian
Church in Canada has also declared against intoxicating drinks. The
U. Presbyterian Synod in Canada, in June, 1858, did the same. The
Presbyterians in Canada are largely engaged in this crime and mbery
producing traffic, as elsewhere more fully stated by us.

At the Annual Meeting in Great Britain in 1859 of the Association
for the Promotion of Social Science, declarations were made against
the evils, crimes, &o., resulting from the traffic, and the memorable
declarations at that meeting of the ablest man in England, Lord
Brougham, have been copied into our Canadian papers, and we need
•not here reproduce them. They were worthy of such a noble and able
man. To any one who has access to the " Alliance Weekly Ncioa,"
published at John Dalton Street, Manchester, (Eng.,) the organ of the
influential Temperance Body in England, — " The United Kingdom
Alliance," (Sir Walter C. Trevelyan, Bart., President,) the proceed-
ings at the above Association will bo there seen at some length. The
Alliance Notes stands foromost.in Britain in its advocacy for a permis-
sive and prohibitory law. The talent shown in that paper is of no ordi-
inary kind.

We have only to refer to the pages of the " Canada Temperance
Advocate," published bv Mr. Becket at Montreal^ (now in the 2Gth
yearly volume,) alno to the " Li/e Boat" published by Mr. H. Rose,
Montreal, (now in its 6th volume,) and to the " Journal of the Ameri-
can Temperance Union" New York, now in its 24th volume, (Rev.
Br. ]\IarBh, Editor,) for statistics and other similar matter, for a con-
firmation of what we have feebly urged in these pages, as to the
nccPMity for a Prohibitory Li4]uor Law of some kind. In Great Britain
there are various authentio periodicals to refer to, — Tho Newt^ js above,
<* The Temperance Star," pabliahed in London ; also " The Temper-
ance Spectator f" published there, (vol. 1 oootaini a library of informa-
tion); iIm *' British Workman;" the " Band of Hope JKeview," yah-
lishod there also ; the " WeUern Temperance Herald" published at Bris-
tol; '• The North of England Liague Temperance Register ;" " The

Guernsey League. Banner" Channel Islands j " 7he Temperance
Mmthly Visitor" published by Jarold& Sons, Norwich, (a paper doing
good;) the " Weekly Journal'* of the Scottish Temperance League,
Hope-street, Glasgow; and there are many other avenues of the press in
Britain, and by reliable public lecturers, for conveying fads and argu-
ments to the public, — and there, in Britain, they are much neededy —
for there is in Britain a large, influential and wealthy class engaged in
the traffic of intoxicating drinks, who are opponents to the socii I and
religious reform of this iniquitous and cruel curse. Such is to be
regretted. It will be admitted by all those conversant with the matter,
that in Canada we are far, far in advance of the mother couniiy as to pro-
gress and prospects in this cause ; and heartily glad are we to record
it. Wo have already a " Permissive Law" in our Municipal Act of
Upper Canada, and it is only for such a " Permission" that the friends of
the cause are labouring in England. The monied interest in the traffic
there, the vested rights of parties, the " heathen blindness," as it were,
amongst an otherwise enlightened people, to keep up the catma of
misery, poverty, crime, &o., amongst the people, are 3uch, as by their
use, should make a Briton and a Christian olush !

We add, as in papers just received, (Alliance News of 28th January
and February 11,) that upwards of 350 ministers of the Church of
England, in Ireland, have adh3red to the " Ministerial Declaration;"
and an address, published by 212 Baptist ministers, (22 of them resi-
dent in Scotland,) and adhered to by upwards of 100 Baptist students,
in favor of entire abstinence and prohibitioo.

[We out the following extraot firom the Morning Chronicle of Quebec, of the
18tb February, 1869, and we do so to thow the reaults of the liquor retail traffic.
God forbid that our nobU Provinoe will ever show in the dense population of any
of our cities, any approach to the description below. Yet let ui btwartf for un-
less a restraint and orohibition, ia made in Canada, and that now in time, — we
have no guarantee for what results shall follow. Years by gone, with every
means of increase of moral and religious ageney in New York, who would have
foretold of what is desoribed in this extract ? ]

A DISSECTED PLAQUE SPOT.
(From tb« JVdw York Couritr and Snqmrer,)

Notwithstanding the ffrievoaslv imperfect aad unfaithful administration of
.justioe amongst as, worn oomes that Sing Sing la absolately over orowded with
the numtor of eity oonvlota ; and the same is In a great meaaure tme of all onr
city aad country penal estabHsbments. Our criminal Coorti are burdened with
business. Our oltiiena have stood aghast at the rapid rate at which Pauperisni,
Rowdvism, and Crime, have inereas^ trora year to year ; until the despairing
thought has seiied many minds that general demoralisation is ineritable. But
how few have studied the causes of oar disorganised condition T In medicine,
correct diagnosis is half a cure. lu morals, wa atad to know what and where
the «Til is ; the rnmedv will follow.

A BugMstlve p*;nipUet has been laid on onr table, whioh exposes the extent,
aooesBorles, and economical and moral bearings of the Sundar Liquor Traffic ;
and we see not how any one san rise ftrom its perusal without tna conviction that
a large part of onr olvie and soolal evils have here been traced to their louroe.

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Kot 'will this conviotion be weakened by the tone of moderation and dignit^^
characterizing this document of the Sabbath Committee. When such men as com-
pose that Committee speak as they have spoken here, they will secura a bearing.

We have space but for a few of the facts of this pamphlet ; these should be
pondered by every man who has property to be taxed, rights to be protected, or
children to be saved ; and by every citizen who has a stake iu the purity and
perpetuity of a government of law.

There are 7,779 dram-shops in New York, or one for every 80 of the popula-
tion, young and old. Of the whole number, just seventy-two pay the decent
respect to law to procure a license to sell intoxicating drinks, less than one in
one hundred of the shops ! But it is not enough to violate one law. It is
officially stated that 6,180 of these drinking saloons pursue their traffic on
Sunday ; and, at a low estimate, the sum of $1,348,330 is expended in them on
the Sundays of a year, an amount about equal to that claimed for taxes and
charities on account of the pauperism and crime thus created.

}3nt are there not stringent laws against this Sunday tippling? Yes. As late
as 1855-57, Laws and Ordinances prohibit it as a misdemeanor, punishable by
fine and imprisonment ; and twenty-six thousand complaints have already been
filed with the District Attorney, and that's all.

Meanwhile look at the fruits of this lawless traffic. It appears that 23,817 of
the 27,845 commitments to prison in 1857, were of persons of "intemperate
habits," six per cent, of whom were mere youths and young men between 10 and
80 years ; and 21,278 were " foreigners," who make Sunday a day of sport and
dissipation.

But another set of statistics demonstrates the immediate connection of criir -
with the Sund( 7 Liquor Traffic. Taking seventy-six successive Sundey«, tttiv
criminal records of the Police Department, show that the number of &nei.i- nui»
0,713 ; while for the same number of Tuesdays there were but 7,761. Here,
then, an increase on Sundays of more than eighteen hundred arrests, or about
twenty-five per cent., as compared with other days of the wtek, is directly trace-
able to the Sunday dram-shops. These shops were partially closed for a time in
the beginning of Mayor Tieman's administration ; and then crime on Sundays
decreased about one-third.

Have we not found the plague spot ? Or do we need to go beyond the record
of the fact that seven thousand seven hundred dram-shops, contemn the License
Law, and more than five thousand of them, the Sunday Laws, and many of them,
the Gambling Laws, to find an adequate cause for the spirit of lawlessness and
violence prevailing in our city ?

The suggestions of this document as to remedies, are charaoteriiod by good
sense, and commend themselves at once to public oonfldeuoe. They are in brief,
the ciiange of pay-day fVom Saturday to Monday or Wednesday ; the multiplica-
tion of means of innocent popular recreation ; the introduction of public foun-
tains, where labouring men may drink without resorting to the dram-shopo ; the
increase of mission churches and other agencies of popular evangelii ation ; the
correction and concentration of public sentiment as to Sunday profanations, and
the enforcement of the laws against the Sunday Liquor Traffic.

If we do not mistake the tone of public feeling on this subject, the appearance
of this document^ and the calm but determined attitude of the Committee issuing
it, will be welcomed by our citiiens generally, with the same cordiality with
which the memorial of citiiens against the Sunday newt crying nuisance waa
greeted. A happy thing will it be for every good interest amongst us, if the
result shall be equally auspicious.

PRESENTMENTS BY GRAND JURIES. ' '\

(Xxtraet firom PrMmtment of Grand Jury at Quarttr Stttions, Toronto, C. W.,

S^ltmbtr,'\Sb9.)

Causes or Crimb, &o. — " On enquiir at the Oaol rospeoiing the
ciuse whioh hai led to bo many of the unfortunates therein confined to

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be sent there, we were informed that in a very large majority it is
traceable to the use of spirituous liquors, a statement in which the
Toronto officials are borne out by those occupying similar situations
throughout Upper Canada. We therefore respectfully request your
honor to bring the subject before the Legislature at the next Session of
Parliament, requesting them to pass a Prohibitory Liquor Law measure
for our country, as we are fully convinced that had we such a law in
operation very much of the crime perpetrated in the land would then
be put a stop to, and we would not require to increase our gaol accom-
modation."

(Signed,) Thomas Nixon,

Foreman.

The Grand Jury also of the District of St. Francis, C. E., (at Sher-
brooke,) in September, 1859, also presented as follows : — " That they
have found a large amount of crime in the District, some cases being of
a very grave nature ; and judging from the evidence brought before
them, they have no hesitation in attributing much of it to the prevalent
use of intoxicating liquors, and take pleasure in giving their approval
to temperance societies, and other means used for the suppression of
intemperance." The Grand Jury also at Niagara, C. W., have pre-
sented in a similar manner as the Toronto Grand Jury have so humanely
and judiciously done.

There will also be found that in all the Counties of Canada West^
presentments have been given against the traffic in intoxicating drinks
as the prolific source and cause of crimes, oflFencea, &c. In the County
of Perth, Presentments once and again have been made against the
traffic and the drinkd.

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INTOXICATING LIQUORS— PRESERVATION OF THE PUBLIC MORALS.

(CIRCULAR.)

INTOXICATING LIQUORS.

County Buildings, Stratford, 15th June, 7869L

Sir, — The County Council, having in view the reduction of all unnecessary
, xpenditurea of monies in the County of Perth, and thereby n lesaening of the
♦ t: ition on the inhabitanta, have agreed to submit for your special consideration
;e following paragraphs from public documents laid before them : — (From Fre-
er I'^nt of Ornnd Jury, Mr. George Brown, foreman. Sessions, June, 1869.)
'ipy [the Qrand Jurors] havo examined the various cases brought before them,
^'anii utive to regret, that the m.ijor part of them appear to have originated or
"beon aggravated from the too free use of Intoxicating Liquors."— (From Gaol
Surgeon, Dr. Hyde's Report, Juno, 1860.) •♦I herewith append a list of Pa-
" ticnts attended by mo during the quarter now ended. You will see by the
*' same, that the great mnjority of cases requiring my services, have their origin
" in the pructicQ of, and indulgence in, the use of Intoxicating Liquors, a custom
'" by no means decreasing, if we are allowed to take the Criminal Calendar of our
" Gaol as a banin for forming an opinion respecting the results of this destroying
"bevrroge."— (From Clerk of P«ace, Mr. Linton, June, 1859.) "I havo been
"Clerk of Peace In this County for about <U years, and have directed a good deal
^'of my attention during that period, to the things in social life, which cause
"crimes, petty and larger, — vice, brawls, assaults, irregularities, &o., Ac, and
** having reference to the many records of crimes passing oiBoially through my

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<' hands, I hare no besitation in summing up as a whole that Intoxicating Drinks
" (with the traffic itself, of course,) cause nigh 18 cases out of every twenty
<• oases, and comparatively, I consider the County <^ Perth as rather a model
*' County in Western Canada, whether as regards schools, ministers of religion,
« (over 45) roads and ways of business traffic, healthiness and prosperity of the
« people, &c. Yet from March, 1858 to June, 1859, there are, say 8^30 cases
"reported in the Conviction Lists, and about 760of tliese connected with Intos-
*'icating Drinks. Many oases also are never heard of, being quashed, &c.,
'* and that number does not include Quarter Session and Assize cases. Tiiero
* ' are about 200 places in this County v^here the Intoxicating Drinks are sold,
" and the population of the County may be about 28,000. There are 14 muni-
" cipalities."

I am instructed to press upon your attention the above subject, with the hope
that all proper means within your power, with your own influence, will be used
for lessening the causes of crime as referable to the custom of the use of *' In-
toxicating Ldquors."

I am, Sir, your most obedient servant,

A. Grant, Warden.

(Copies to be sent to each Justice of the Peace and Reeve, each Constable, to
all the Ministers of religion, to all the Teachers and to each School Section, and
to the Towni. >. VilUage, and Town Clerks, in the County of Perth.) *

REPORT OP THE ..x'ECIAL COMMITTEE ON CIRCULAR FROM WARDEN
OF THE COUNTY OF PERTH.

To THB COVNTT COUMOIL, CoWNTT OF SiMOOB : —

The Special Committee to whom was referred the Circular from the Warden of
the County of Perth, on the subject of the traffic in Intoxicating Liquors, S;e.

Beo to Rkport on the same subject, and on petition from the inmates of the
County Jail :

That they have given the subject matter of the Circular and Petition, as welt
M the whole Liquor question, a careful examination, and have had no hesita-

* While the County Council of the County of Perth, were in session
in June, 1859, we suggested to several of its members, and in pardcular to John
Stinson, and F. Kee, Esqs., J. P., both members of Council, the impor-
tance of such a circular letter at the above, being circulated in the County,
and being requested to prepare it, we did so, and it was agreed to, and has been
circulated throughout the County. The County Council agreed to print ono
thousand copies of it. Besides, we circulated many hundreds, and it was copied
into various papers, so that its circulation was every where in Canada. Wo
also sent copies of it to England, Scotland and IreUnd. We think that over
60,000 issues of it were made. Copies were sent to each Warden of the other
Counties. The County of Simooe acted upon it in October. (See papers sub-
joined.)

In December last, we also submitted a copy of the By-law passed by the
County of Simcoe in October, as to the " preservation of the Public I^ioralb
within the County," and suggested some additioual clauses. The County Coun-
cil of Perth, most considerately, humanely, and wi!<ely, paHsed the By-law with
the additions. It has been printed by them, and an abstract of its provisions will
be seen in Challsngt No. 23. We have printed an issue of 5,000 of this number,
to go over ali Canada. The By-law is founded on seotion 275 of the 22nd Vic,
«. 99. (Muiiioipal Act of Upper Canada.)

Previous to the above date, we had circulated a oopy of the Simooe By-law in
ChalUnge No. 20, with a letter addressed to *he Warden. A. Orant, Edq., and
Reeves. A similar By-law should be adopted iu all the Counties.

[A latter referable to above By-law, will be seen ii. the Moatrtal Witnut of 4Ui

February, 18«0.]

tion in arriving at the conclusion, that it stands forth as the greatest social evil
with which any country can be visited, that the baneful eflPects of the traific are the
sftme in all countries, corrupting and ruining the young as well as the aged, of
both sexes, spreading broadcast desolation, destitution, disease and death, and
over and above all this, a very heavy tax upon the community ; the fact cannot
be controverted, that the expense attendant upon the administration of Criminal
Justice in this Province is very materially, indeed, alarmingly increased in fur-
nishing and providing for the unfortunate votaries of intemperance ; that the
whole traf&c is demoralizing in its tendency, and presents a standing and
insuperable barrier in the path of both individual and national progress,
whether religious, moral, educational, or commercial. At this crisis in our his-
tory your Committee believe that it is the imperative duty of the people of Ca-
nada in whose hands is the destiny of posterity, to place the laws of our coun-
try upon BO just, healthy and solid a basis, as to secure the greatest amount of
happiness peace and prosperity to the future intelligent, virtuous and loyal mil-
lions who may people this roble Province. Your Committee are therefore of
opinion that the Government of this country should make such enactments as
would entirely prohibit the traffic in intoxicating liquors, as a beverage, believ-
ing as they do, that no government can be justified in deriving its revenue from
any system, the tendency of which is to degrade and demoralize the mass of the
people ; that the suppression of the traffic would be a great benefit to this rap-
idly growing country, would at once advance the social and moral condition of
the people, lessen crime and lawlessness, and lighten taxation.

Entertaining these views, your Committee would recommend your Council to
memorialize the Legislature for the enactment of a Prohibitory Liquor Law, to
take eflfeot on and after such a date as would afford to all engaged in the liquor
business such reasonable time to prepare for such a change in their businesa as
the passage of such a law would render necessary ; and beg to submit for the
consideration of your Council, the accompanying Draft of Memorial.

All of which is most respectfully submitted,

Thomas D. McConket,

Committee Room, Barrie, Oct, ?.0, 1859.

Chairman.

PETITION of County Council of County of Simcoe, C. W., to Parliament, for a
Prohibitory Liquor Law.

(extracts.)

" That your Memorialists have had under their consideration the traffic in
intoxicating liquors in this Province, and the consequences resulting therefrom,
and can arrive at no other conclusion than that it stands forth as the greatest
social evil with which any country can be visited ; that the baneful effects of
the traffic are the same in every place, vitiating and ruining the young, as well
as the aged, of both sexes, spreading broadcast desolation, disease and doath,
and vastly increasing the burdens of the people by a direct taxation ; tlie ex-
pense attending the administration of Criuioal Justice in this Province, being
also seriously, indeed, alarmingly increased in punishing and providing for the
unfortunate votaries of intemperance ; that the whole traffic is demoralizing in
its tendencies, and presents a standing and insuperable barrier in the path of
both individual and national progress, whether religious, moral, educational or
commercial.

Your Memoralists are, therefore of opinion that the Qovernmentof this coun-
try should make such enactments as would entirely prohibit the traffic in intox-
icating liquors as a beverage, believing, as they do, that no government can be
jastifled in deriving its revenue ft'om a source so impure, and su pregnant of
evil to the great bmk of the people, an is too painfully shown by police reportH,
prison records, &o., in this country.

Your Memoralists, the-efore, humbly and earnestly pray that your Honorable
House will be pleased 1 J ^'.vo the subject of the Liquor Traffic thrtt considern-
tioa which ita importaoo* demands ; and, if de«med politic, pass auoh a law as

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\vi11 prohibit the traffic in intoxicating liquor as a beveroge, allowing reasonable
time for all engaged in the business, to make such arrangements as the enact-
ment of such a law would necessarily call for.

And, as in duty bound, your Memorialists willeyer pray."
(3ommittefe Boom,

Barrie, Oct. 20, 1869.

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INCENTIVES TO TEMPERANCE FRIENDS.

(From Temperance Advocate, Montreal, Jan. 25, 1855.)

{k.)— TEMPERANCE P A PE R8—CIRC ULATI ON.

We desire most earnestly to incite the friends of temperance and prohibition
in Canada West, to the great importance of furthering a more general, as well as
special, circulation of temperance and prohibition papers, especially periodicals ;
and that voluntarily and free of any charge to the receiver.

The writer of this has had some experience in the matter of circulation, and
none can tell who have not tried the experiment, of the advantage to the pro-
gressing cause of prohibition, in the special circulation, free, which temperance
papers cause.

Let us look over the way, where the new boon of reciprocity causes us to cal-
culate on " perishing gains," (yet profitable every way when beneficially ap-
plied), and observe the strenuousness, the " death and life" struggle in the cause
of prohibition, which its friends have pursued, created too, and kept alive by
the New York State Temperance Society, with Mr. Delavan at its head. There
you will see with what earnestness the circulation of temperance and prohibition
papers are promoted. There is no halting, — no " demonstration" without a
practical working result. There is no jealousy or envy, but only to see which
will accomplish most ; and the cheering results are now seen in a Maine Law
Legislature (nearly) being elected I

Is it so in Canada ? We ask, first, the Grand Division of Canada West, that
question, and then we turn to the " C mndian Temperance League, " which
latter certainly has shewn some leaven in i btaining the very valuable help of the
Rev. J. £. Ryerson to lecture in various pibces ; and also in printing, and in
(part gratuitously), distributing temperance tracts and one essay.

But the wide field of Canada West should be embraced in the latter .>novement,
and no corner of its various settlements should be without some papers being
kindly deposited in the working hands of good men in the moral field, whether
temperance, progressive or religious, for local distribution. Let the Grand
Division and ihe League look to it, for there is a space to be filled !

How is it to be done ? Bo up and at it without grumbling, hands in and out
of pocket, and promoo the clrculntion, freely and kindly, all over the land.
How are wo to get names of persons ? There are friends everywhere, put them
to work, and if there are no friends known, take the local newspapers, and send
to those whose names appear in its columns, trusting not on your plans and
exertions, but leave a Higher and Greater Power to do the rest. Again, through
the thoughtfulnesB and conaideratencss of a lute Post Master General, the Hon.
M. Cameron, temperance periodicals go free of postage. Thousands of copies of
periodicals can be obtained for a few dollars : — who, therefore, will begin ?

We have lately tried to move certain parties on this subject, we trust, to some
extent, successfully. We have applied to a model county, Lambton, through
Mr. Gemmill, the talented editor of the Lambton Obferver, and we are not
ashamed to repeat our suggestions now, as follows: — "I believe you ar? aware
'• that I have devoted my spare time, also money, to the gratuitous circulation
'* extensively of temperance papors, and on a prohibitory law in this county,
" (Perth), and in the county of Hnioe, consisting of eleven townships in each ;
" and as the people deserve, as well as require some information on the subject of a
" prohibitory liquor law, which at present is before Parliament ; and as an ad.
>• jourDmcnt of the House of Assembly has taken place for a short time, would i^

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not be well for the friends of the cause to spread over the land gratuitously the
■■ various tracts and periodicals illustrative of the subject. I have so far kept
various localities in the above counties of Perth and Bruce supplied, and I have
' lately sent through the ten townships of your county of Lambton, various
papers, namely, — • The Prohibitionist,' ' The Tracts by the Canadian League,'
(3 in number), * Temperance Tracts for the People ' published at Albany,
(these are excellent, and above praise), a few of Mr. Case's ' Constitutional
Rights Vindicated, ' and a good many numbers of • The Challenge, ' No. 4.
I have sent to each minister, post master, reeve, treasurer and town clerk,
some one or all of the above. Permit me to suggest to some of your friends in
Sarnia, to encourage the circulation of temperance papers in your ten town-

gliipg, in each locality, — and it can be so eaaily done, that it surprises me that

a system of circulation has not been adopted in each of the forty-two counties
of Canada West. (I must except the two counties referred to.) "
« I shall also endeavour to induce some friends in 'Essex, Kent, Elgin, and
Middlesex, to adopt the above plan, and your publishing this letter may help
in the movement. But the circulation, to have greater effect, should be nearly
a gratuitous one, and we now add entirely free of charge to the receiver. So

may it be !

J. J. E. LINTON.
Stratford, December, 1854.

an aware

(B.)-HE IS NO TEMPERANCE MAN WHO WILL NOT SUPPORT

WHAT FOLLOWS?

(/Voffi the Montreal Temperance Advocate, 15th Dec, 1859.)

Stratfobd, C. W., 9th December, 1869.

DuAR Sir, — It is not often that I trouble you direct with any remarks. I do
write, however, continually in the Temperance cause, as you know, as the three
papers of this county will show, as well as my own printed papers, the «' Chal-
lenge " and some others, which I scatter gratuitously in this County, and also
east and west by the hundreds and thousands. I have done so for seven years
past. I considered for myself, that, besides adopting a principle or plan — say,
namely, the important, very important one of temperance, — there was a duty
incumbent on me, individually, to forward by every meant in my power, in my
public capacity, and by the Press, an extension of that principle. I could not
rest satisfied with the idea, that as I was (apparently) safe in myself by refrain-
ing from any of the fruits of the disastrous traffic in intoxicating drinks, that
therefore I should let the "world wag as it may," / am safe. No one is safe,
so long as that most unhallowed and unchristian traffic, worse than unchristian
ns it were, that dcviUth traffic, so long as it is the daily and hourly trade of our
noble Province. He is a selfish temperance man or woman who will merely
join a temperance cause and then stop. Merely say "yes," and that's all.

I write this, then, preparatory to the beginning of an important season for
action, to call on every man, woman and youngster of the temperance cause,
in-doors and out-of-doors, wherever they are or may be, travelling or at home,
baviiig access to the influence of those in a superior station in life, having access
to the labours of their County or City Member of Parliament, in their inter-
courso with their Ministers of religion, to devote a portion of their time con-
tinually in this good cause, and also to urge its important claims, so as our
Legislative Halls will be presented with Petitions for some enactment whereby
a restraint, nn entire restraint if possible, will be put on that system of publio
sale by retail in shops, bars, bar-rooms, saloons and groggeries, of those liquids
which already have destroyed so many, and are now destroying and incapacitat-
ing such numbers of our people, besides causing the various outrages and crimes
against society, from the case of street drunkenness to the one which leads to
the rope round the neck of the yiotim on the scaffold.

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Ignorance or thoughtlessness may not see, but he is a very indifferent person
irho does not see in the various papers of the Newspaper Press the fruits of the
traffic in intoxicating drinks. Without the Newspaper Press, which is so valua-
ble to us, any man or woman who is not above making an observation, may see
in each of their localities enough to awaken them and convince them, that the
traffic is a curse !

I call, therefore, on every one, whether within the ranks of the temperance
army or not, or if only merely approving of the efforts of temperance men, to
consider that there is a duty incumbent on them, for which some day, and that
a " great day" they have to answer for its non-performance according to the
"talents " given and bestowed ; and it is a duty for all and every one to find
out and to know, if they have a talent in keeping and in trust at all. Let each
one inclined to a performance, consider himself or herself as though he or she
was a President, Worthy Patriarch, or Grand Worthy Patriarch, Secretary or
Committee, and therefore individually to work, less or more, but that continu-
ally, in the cause of temperance. To be instant in season and out of season.
I do not ask any one who may read these words to do anything but what I do
myself. / consider myself Orand Worthy Patriarch of the Grand Division !
That's my idea, and having that idea how can I be idle ? I push aside, as in
my way, the common lazy and listless expression of thought, namely '* that's
not my business," it is meddling with what I have nothing to do, let others do
it, I have not time, I have no money to spare, I am in business, &c., &c. But
the adoption of the idea of duty and support in the temperance cause, makes it
a very important personal business, as much so as providing the meat or clothes
for the body. I address myself more immediately to professing Christian peo-
ple. No one of that class is safe in any duty who acts otherwise.

I am, yours sincerely,

J. J. E. LINTON.

(C.)— TEMPERANCE.— LAZINESS OP TEMPERANCE FRIENDS.

{To the Editor of the Christian Advocate.)

Sir, — It is cheering to observe the movement by the address from the Hamil-
ton Division Sons of Temperance, signed by Mr. Freeman, as published in your
truly valuable paper of the 24th instant. Your paper contained also, some
time ago, a synopsis of a very excellent lecture on the Prohibition of the traffic
in Intoxicating Eh-inks, by the Rev. Dr. Irvine, of Knox's Church, Hamilton.
That lecture should have been widely circulated ; and should be, if not yet
done.

I write this in reference to the first paragraph (there are others) in the above
address, as to Divisions of Sons of Temperance " bestirring themselves " in this
great and good cause.

1. There has been, and there exists, a very great and indolent feature in all
the temperance associations, viz. : a backwardness to push the cause, in season
and out of season, into every corner of the localities where these temperance
associations exist. Members, I am afraid, are not charitable enough, think only
of themselves that as they are apparently safe — and they are only apparently —
•' the de'il tak' the hin'most " as to others. Now, I consider that throughout
every p'ace where the Sons of Temperance exist, and where other societies exist,
their chief endeavour should be outside of their meeting rooms.

2. They should endeavour, with all good thinking men, in any station of life,
from your talented member, Isaac Buchanan, Esq., M.P.P., to the laborer who
does his daily work, and also of every church, to enlist a sound practical feeling
and a help towards the temperance cause — a cause the course of which I fondly
hope is progressing in Canada, and I trust will be yet estimated as one to be
considered as far, far beyond the consideration of roads, bridges, sidewalks, or
conveniences of life. And how much of the latter engross nearly all our atten-
tion in public life. What is the value, the truly honest value, of all the pro-

pressing improvements in your well situated City of Hamilton, when ba»ed on a
state of society as to intoxicating drinks, which we are ashamed to reveal to the
heathen, for the Christianization and civilization of whom, and for the support
of religion, the same parties as likely give largely of their substance ? The
thing in the eyes of the thinking minds of the unbeliever or the indifferent will
appear, as it really is, most hypocritical as before an all-seeing God, an act of
hypocrisy and dishonesty as before and amongst ourselves.

3. Riddle and sift the machinery of your society and of your citizens in Ham-
ilton, and beginning from the lowly and outcast (surrounded by the though tlei^s
and heartless professing Christian) up to the highest merchant in your city,
(and there are good men amongst them,) and what will a critical observer see ?
He will see, he will meet, he will stumble upon an incubus, a parasitical bede-
vilment, which no Christian people should show, but rather what they should be
ashamed of. You will find, as in London, C. W., where I have just been, a
system engrafted into our society for which the heathens, who worship stocks
and stones, (to whom we send out missionaries,) scoff at us, jeer us, and point
to it with the finger of scorn, and when a man or woman is seen intoxicated, or
even drinking in public, they say, " 0, he is a Christian !" That system is the
one of licensing to retail and to sell in set public shops and places intoxicating
drinks.

4. But Hamilton city, the «' Queen of the West," as in our prints, is not the
only city where the /ar wor<« than heathenish system above referred to is so pre-
dominant, or where the professing Christians tolerate and encourage it. Would
to God it was the only city. Look to Ottawa, to Toronto, west to London, to
Kingston even, and to Montreal, and to Quebec — the two latter cities, as well as
Ottawa, in a pwticular manner (to those who know anything of the habits of the
trade and people) — where the vital and social interests of mankind are sacri-
ficed for money to a system which we are to suppose that devils laugh at and
hail as the very best auxiliary to increase the population of a certain place.

6. But again, what does the system of the retail trade in intoxicating drinks
reveal ? It reveals and shows itself, sir, before God and thinking and observing
men, as one almost entirely supported and carried on by manufacture, wholesale
and by retail, by Presbyterians, Episcopalians and Roman Catholics! Let a
vigilant investigation be made, and not only the traffic in intoxicating drinks
will be found as carried on by members, adherents or those belonging to these
churches (such, too, as would not be rejected by either to make up census lists
for particular purposes), but the advertising of intoxicating liquors in all the
papers from Halifax, N. S., to Lake Snperior, will be found as being nearly
altogether with those of these three churches. I am a Presbyterian of the Free
Church, and I hesitated not publicly at the late Synod of our church in Toronto,
to bring the accusation before them. My memorial, with accompanying papers,
will testify. I did the same to the United Presbyterian Chnrch Synod. Both
Synods declare against the evil ; but still it goes on — " gloriously," as some
wonid any, but sadly, as I state.

6. There is a burden, therefore, put on the members and ministers of other
denominations, such as the numerous, vigorous, and vigilant Methodists ; also
the Baptists and Congregationalists ^Independents) ; for they have to appear in
the world and before mankind aa though they were the guilty parties, when they
art not.

I claim the right to make the above statements, and the ".Conviction List,"
ending June last, with a number of the Challenge endorsed on it, which I sent you
lately, may show more than here stated. I have endeavored, as a single Tem-
perance advocate, to wipe away the disgrace of the traffic from the county of
Perth, and ttam Canada, as may be known to you, and at present I have a pro-
hibitory law of the retail traffic (according to the Municipal Act of 1858), to be
voted on for this town by the people. I send you a copy.^ I send also to the

* This By-law was negatived by a m^ority of nigh thirty. The liquor
interest was an overmatch for the exertions of all the ministers, and the truly

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Hamilton Division several papers. I wish I saw in other places a movement to
the same effect — nay, throughout Canada. A blessed time we may well expect
it to be, when professedly Christian people will unite to expel from amongst them
in their villages, towns and cities, the social sin and evil in their midst, namely,
the public retail traffic in intoxicating drinks. And a word for the Hamilton
Division — that they endeavour to raise up a feeling for that purpose in Hamilton.
Respectfully, I am, Sir, your most obedient servant,

JOHN J. E. LINTON.
Stratford, C. W., August 26, 1869.

The above letter was published in the Canada Christian Advocate,
Hamilton, 31st August

(D.) — EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF THE TEMPERANCE CAUSE IN

SCOTLAND, &c.

The Editor of that old and useful paper in this cause, the Montreal
Temperance Advocate, in the number for the 15th November, suggested
that there should be a temperance sermon preached in every pulpit in
Canada on the 1st January (being Sunday). We adopted the hint by
giving currency to it, in publishing notices in the papers, by quoting
the words in the Advocate, and also we circulated in Challenge No. 22
(copied into several papers), a letter addressed to an esteemed friend,
Rev. D. Allan, of North Easthope, on the subject. The following is an
extract from that letter :

*< / have known the day, rather over thirty years ago, in the establishment
of the first Temperance Society in Great Britain, being at Greenock in Scotland,
(our native land) when there was only then one minister of religion in Greenock,
who would as he did, entertain the subject, — the late and good Mr. Auld, — and I
was personally, and know of many others then who were jeered and gibed by
minister of religion, because such "a thing" as an organization as to Temper-
ance was thought of. Of this I could say more than I desire. — John Dunlop,
Esq, (brother of the well known Dr. Dunlop, of Canada,) was the first originator
of that society and its President, in September, 1829, — and I had the honor then
of being the first Secretary to it. From it, as an example, other organizations
in Britain were formed, and have continued and increased. One or two Tem-
perance Societies were previous to that date, but same year, in Ireland, and Dr.
Edgar of Belfast, (the same ae now on a visit in Canada, I believe) addressed us
at our first public meeting. Times have changed as to that subject since ; — and
I hope the time is now at hand, when every minister of religion, as a duty and
to preserve his own *< good name" and of far greater importance the name and
cause of Him whose servant be is sworn to be, will lay before his people contin-
ually and not at sett times (as a duty finished), the great and increasing evil
and sin there is in the land, when this Enemy and Foe to Christ's Kingdom,
namely intemperance, is so much encouraged by professing Christians, in the
devilish system of the open trade by public drinking and use as a beverage, of
Intoxicating Drinks.

As a public officer of Government, being as you know. Clerk of the Peace of
this County, I hesitate not from the facts alone which have been revealed to me

Christian people, and others, who voted for it — a deplorable instance of retro-
gressive Christian and moral civilization! A similar By-law was, however,
passed in Wallace, in this County, and, we believe, in Howick, County Huron.
But, even, what of all that ? The retail shops and places every where else, all
around, sell out without restriction, the dangerous liquid, which demoralizes
our communities. The law to be effective needs to be & universal one.

as such public officer, daring these nigh seTen years past (irrespective of half
a century's keen and practical observation and remembrance) to denounce the
Bjstem of the public sate and public drinking, before referred to, as the greatest
Enemy and Foe and Satanic means of opposition, to the successful promulga-
tion and reception to Christ's Kingdom in our land, irhich exists.

I hope therefore, that you and the other ministers of religion in this County —
and I hope it will be universal in Canada, — will consider of the suggestion made
by the Editor of the Temperance Advocate as above quoted.

I am, Bev'd and dear Sir,

Yours sincerely,

5th Dec, 1859. J. J. E. LINTON."

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SAMPLE OF ADVERTISEMENTS OF SALES OF LIQUORS.

As our readers know, the sample from the newspapers published, of
these advertisements, might be increased indefinitely, as their number,
in every shape, sad to state, is " legion." We insert the following, cut
from the Hamilton Spectator of the 6th January. We ask our readers
also to direct their attention to the article in these pages, titled ''Adul-
terations of Liquors," referable to the whole subject, and especially to
the letter appended, of Dr. Hiram Cox, of Cincinnati, of date Oct. 3rd;
1859, inserted in the Montreal Witness, of the 4th February : —

" WINES, &o., for New Year's, at Geoboe Dabtnbll's. — Brandy, pale and
dark ; Rum, Old London Dock ; Gin, Old Tom and Hollands ; Whiskey, Scotch,
Irish, Bourbon, Monongahela, Old Bye, Toddy and Canadian. Port, Sherry,
Champagne, Burgundy, Claret, Moselle, Liqueurs, &c. London and Dublin
Porter, East India Pale Ale, Canadian Pale and Strong Ales, and Extra Stout ! !
This Establishment is the only one in Hamilton «zcZunWy engaged in the Whole-
sale and Betail Wine and Spirit business."

"A CABD. — The subscriber has on sale a choice lot of old and fine Sherry,
Madeira nnd Champagne Wines. Old Brandy, vintage 1840, in cases, and in
hhds. 1852-54. Old Irish and Scotch Malt Whiskey, and Canadian of best
makers. Also, a varied assortment of Spices, Sauces, Pickles, Fruits, Coffees,
Teas and Sugars, which he will sell for cash only, at lower prices than the same
quality of goods can be bought at in any house in Canada. Those who are aware
of the benefit of cash purchases would confer a favor on the subscriber by telling
their friends how much is saved by the cash system. — B. Bbnneb, Agent and
Commisaiou Merchant, corner of King and John streets."

' ADULTERATIONS OF LIQUORS.*

', , De. niRAM COX'S LETTKR.
I^om the Montreal Witness, of February 4M, 1860.
" Astounding Disclosures. — Many charges have been made
against dealers in intoxicating liquors, as engaging in vile and danger-
ous adulterations. The Legislature of Ohio, in March 1855, directed
Br. H. Cox, a distinguished chemist of Cincinnati, to make a thorough
examination of such liquors as are in the market. The following letter
from Dr. Cox to James Black, Esq., of Lancaster, Pa., gives the result
of his investigations. We advise every man who is in the use of intoxi-
cating liquors to read it carefully, and then think be/ore he drinks.

'" * See previous article herein on " Adulterated I iquors."

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Can a man walk on hot coals, and his feet not he hurned ? — ean he take
poison into his stomach, and not be injured?"

" Cincinnati, Ohio, Oct. 8, 1859.

"James Black, Esq. — Dear Sir, — Yours of the 29th Sept., dated Lancaster,
Pa., is now before me. Although not personally acquainted, I take great plea-
sure in contributing my mite, in any and every possible mode, where the object
is the bettering of the human family. I hate bad similar letters, with similar
requests, from every point of the compass — from the extreme north, south, east
and west — to all of which I have cheerfully r^ponded ; believing, although the
labor has been considerable, that it would tell m after years in the longevity and
health of thousands who would otherwise fill a premature grave, and would con-
tribute to the happiness and comfort of thousands of mothers and children, who
are and have been, unfortunately, connected with the unfortunate slaves of
intemperance. I rejoice to know that my exposures of the villainous liquors
with which the markets east and west are glutted, have had a salutary moral
influence in almost every region of our happy Union. I have letters in my pos-
session from ministers of the gospel, from New Orleans, from Nashville, Tenn.,
from Florida, from New York, from Boston, from Richmond, Ya., Alexandria,
Norfolk, Washington city, Baltimore, Philadelphia, Pa., Arom Toronto, and from
Hamilton, (Canada,) and from all of our Eastern States, congratulating and
encouraging me to continue my exposures->that they were causing men to think
and stand aghast, more than anyUiing that they could do or say on the subject
of Temperance. The same effect has been produced in this community. One
gentleman tapped me on the shoulder some little time past, and remarked at the
same time, * Doctor, I rejoice to see yon take the stand that yon do on the sub-
ject of poisonous liquors. I can lay my hands on more than thirty of our best
citizens, gentlemen who were tippling and tippling from a doeen to twenty times
a day, and who were bidding fair to fill a drunkard's grave, who have stopped
short, and do not, and pledge themselves that they never will, drink any mor«.
for fear they may get hold of some of the miserable adulterations that Dr. f
is holding up to public view. Thank God I'

" Chemists from various colleges have written to me, stating that they
analyxed numerous samples of the various alcoholic liquors in our markets, and
found the same pernicious developmntts which I had at various times indicated
in articles which I had written from time to time ; one of which you wUl find at
page 123 of the Crwadtr, which accompanies this letter.* Another evidence that
tiie exposures which I have been making have had a salutary moral effect is,
that there has not been one-fourth as much liquor sold yearly since as was pre-
viously ; and another is, that a number of large liquor establishments have
closed, their proprietors ruining many of their fellow-oitixens who had become
their sureties. A number of distilleries have closed in this vicinity; they have,
as it is familiarly called, 'burst their boilers.' One year previous to these
break-ups, one of our largest distillers and liquor merchants in the city said to
me, ' Dr. Cox, your artides on the adulteratioBB of liquors have taken more
trade from Cincinnati, and more money — at least $100,000 per month — since
they have been put in circulation. For God's sake, stop them, sir ! — you will
break us up. I have been to New York, and since to Boston, to Rochester, to
Canada West, and have just returned ; and wherever I stopped there was notMng
talked of but the poisoned liquori^ of Cincinnati and Dr. Cox's exposiures. For
God's sake, I say again, stop it t'

Although the liquors are villainous in the extreme, there are other large cities
equally as culpable. For example ; a gentleman of our city, a draggist, that
he might have pure Uquor as a medical article, and that kind for purity, &c.,
that he could recommend to his customers, weat to New York and. purchased
two half-pipes of splendid '* Seignette Brandy," one fale, the other dark. Wh«n

* The " Crusader," we have omitted to state, is a noble and lion-hearted
Temperance paper, published at Cincinnati ,(Ohio>) by Messrs. Cary & Moffati

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passing one day, he called me in to see bis « beautiful pure brandj," just from
New York ! I stopped, looked at it, smelt it, but, before tasting it, happeLad to
have some blue litmus paper in my pocket, I introduced a small piece — it came
out red as scarlet ! I then called for a polished spatula, put it into a tumbler
containing, perhaps, half a gill, and waited on it fifteen minutes, at the expira-
tion of which, the liquor was as black as ink. The spatula corroded, and when
dried, a thick coating of rust, which, when wiped ofF, left a copper coat almost as
thick as if it had been plated. I charged him on the spot, under the penalty
of the law, not to sell a drop of it ; took samples of it to my office, and the
following is the result of the analysis, viz. :

Ist sample {dark), 65 per cent, alcoholic spirits by yolume, and 41 per cent,
by weight ; specific gravity 0,945. The tests indicate Sulphuric Acid, Nitric
Acid, Nitric Ether, Prussio Acid, Guinea Pepper, and an abundance of Fusil
Oil. Base — common whiskey, not one drop of wine.

2nd sample (pale), 54 per cent, alcoholic spirits by volume, 40 per cent, by
weight ; specific gravity 0,965. This article has the same adulterations as the
first, but in greater abundance, with the addition of Gathuo. Remark — Most
villainous connections.

As a matter of course, these articles of liquor could not be sold without a vio-
lation of the liquor law, consequently I condemned them. They were purchas-
ed on four month's time. The purchaser immediately notified the New York
merchant of the character and quality of the goods, and directed him to send for
them ; but, instead of sending for them, he waited till the notes became due,
and brought suit in our Court of Common Pleas. I analyzed the liquors in the
presence of court and jury, shewed them satisfactorily that they were the per-
nicious, poisonous and villainous liquors which I had represented them to be,
and the defendant gained his case triumphantly ; and Mr. New York merchant
vanished before I could get a State's warrant, or he would now be learning an
honest mode of making a living at one of our State Institutions in Columbus. I
was appointed to the office of Chemical Inspector on tho 19th day of March,
1856— since then, I have made upwards of 6G0 inspections of stores, and lots of
liquors of every variety, and positively assert that 90 per cent, of all that I have
analyzed were adulterated with the most pernicious and poisonous ingredients.
The business of inspecting against the will of men who are only governed by
motives of cupidity, I have found an up-hill business. I have had more lawing,
more squabbling and quarrelling, with unprincipled things, bearing the shape
and form of men, made after God's image, since I have been engaged in the ca-
pacity of Inspector, than I had during half a century before. You may think I
have heard it thunder some ; well, so I have. I am 66 years old, but in all my
recollection I have not heard thunder that had the same effect on my nervous
system, nor anything else to affect my sympathetic nerves so much as the sad
effects of imbibing the miserable concoctions sold in our markets under the char-
acter of healthy beverage, with which Cock-tailt, Brandy-amaahta, Mint-juleps^
^c, ^c, are concocted, and which sent young men, all under 80 years old, and
all sons of men of our most respectable citieens, to a premature grave, during
the winter previous to my appointment ; some of whom had not been drinking
three months I Not only young men, but many old men of our city, who were
notconsidered drunkards, died during the same winter, the horrid death of the
drunkard with the Delirium Tremens ! These facts induced me to accept the un-
thankful appointment. Since the appointment, I have, as Physician to the Pro-
bate Court, examined upwards of 400 insane cases, two-thirds of which number
became insane from drinkiug the poisonous liquors sold at the groggeriea and
taverns of our city and country. Many of them were boys from 19 to 20 years
of age, some of whom were laboring under a hereditary taint ; and perhaps in
many of them, the mental derangement woald never have been developed, had
they not drank of these poisonous decoctions. One boy, 17 years of age, the
principal support of a widowed mother and a little sister, was induced on the
Fourth of July, 1856, to drink some beer, and from beer to the horrible rot-gut
whitkey, kept in the low groggeries of our city. They all got drunk, and the boy
referred to became hopelessly and incurably insane, and is yet in the Insane

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Asylum at Dayton. In examining ttie case for the purpose of getting all the an*
teoedents with it, I learned that the grandfather of the boy died insane. I think
the probability is altogether in favor of the idea that the insanity would never have
been developed in this case, had not these poisonous admixtures acted as a pow-
erful excitant cause, 'i called at a grocery store one day, where liquor also is
kept. A couple of Irishmen came in while I was there, and called fur some
whiskey ; and the first drank, and the moment he drank the tears flowed freely,
while he at the same time caught his breath like one sufifoonted or strangling.
When he could speak, he said to his companion : '* Ooh, Michael, but this is
warming to the stomach !" Michael drank, and went through like contortions,
with the remark, " Would'nt it be foine in a cowld frhosty morning ?"

After they had drank, I asked the landlord to pour me out a little in a tumb-
ler, in which I dipped a slip of litmus paper, which was no sooner wet than it put
on a scarlet hue. I went to my ofiBce, got my instruments and examined it. I
found it had 17 per cent, alcoholic spirits by weight, when it should have had
40 per cent, to be proof, and the difference in per centrge made up by SuU
phurio Acid, Red Pepper, Pellitory, Costic, Potassa and Bruoine, one of the salts
of Nucis Yomise, commonly called Nux Vomica. One pint of such liquor would
kill the strongest man. I had the manufacturer indicted, but by such villainy
he has become wealthy, and I never have, owing to some defect in the law, been
able to bring that case to a final issue.

Yours, respectfully, ' * ' Hiram Cox, M. D.

* As we were revising the proof sheets, a friend in darria sent us the Sarnta
Observer (published by J. H. Gemnil, Esq.) of 17th Fehia»ry, wherein is a long
and valuable report on " Inspection of Liquors," by Mr. L. 0. Miller, of Detroit,
Inspector of Liquors and Wines for Wayne County, Michigan — and his evidence
is only corroborative of the extensive " adulterations" of every kind, "innocent,
deadly, and spuriously fine," used in liquors. Mr. Miller is a practical chemist,
having had experience in Europe and America. He states : *' In 382 oases of

inspection of whiskey, he only discovered two cases of pure." " So far as

regards th4 article of brandy, he was not able to find, after inspection, a single

drop of pure French brandy." " High wines have been imported into France

from the United States, and exportci therefrom, after undergoing a certain pro-
cess, to the United States and other countries, under the false name of pure

French brandy." " In 164 samples of gin, found but 29 samples genuine."

" In 82 samples of Jamaica rum, he found only nine samples of genuine

and pure rum." " Of the Port wine, k genuine article is seldom sold * * *

By analysis, he found among all his Inspections only eight samples of genuine
and pure."— >— " Of Champagne wines, there is to be found in tliis or any other
country but a small portion genuine."— -—"It is a well established fact, that
there is more Champagne, or its imitation, consumed in New York city in one
month, than it is possible to manufacture from the grapes raised in all the vine-
yards of the province of Champagne for one season." The above testimony is
valuable. It only surprises us that after such statements as Mr. Miller's and
Dr. Cox's, and Mr. Delevan's, and the others, are known, hat men and profeu-
ing Chritliani sell t^em, (yet tueh men manufacture them 1) and we wonder that
the class of tipplers und drinkers who drink in public, are not " wiser in their
generation," and eAand«n these liquors and And purer artielei .' .^.,

Books.— 'We omitted to state that there is a good authority to refer
to in the " Temperance Cyclopedia," by Rev. W. Keid, of EdinburBb
— enlarged edition — to be obtained at the Witness Office, Montreal ;
and the Rev. R. D. Wadsworth, of Hamilton, C. W., is preparing to
publish " The Teetotaller's Yade Mecum," 500 pp. l^mo, Vrice^l ;
and a valuable addition will also be in the book of Amaiia McCoy, Esq.,
of Albany, N. Y., "The History of the Temperance Cause," &o.,
which we learn will soon be published. -it.. —

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