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F RID A y, October 14, 1774.
Th 8 CONGRESS came into the FotLowiNfi
RESOLUTIONS.
HEREAS,fmcethe clofeof thelaft war, theBrJ-
tift Parliament claiming a power of right to^
bind the people of America, by Aatute in all
cafes whatfoever, hath in fome afts exprefsly impofed
taxe^on th«n, and in others under various pretences,;
•But m fatt for the pur^ofe of raifing a revenue, hath
impofed rates and duties j)^able.in thefe colonies, c-
uflbliihed a board of tomitaiffioners with unconflitution-
al powers, and extended thcjurifdiaion of courts of ad-
miralty, not only for coUeaing the faid dupes, but for
^he trial of caufes merely arifing within the body of a^
0iinty. .
, And whereas-in confe^uenccof other ftatutes, judges,
who before held only eftates at will in their offices, hf v^
been made dependant on the crown alone for their fa-
l.arxe8,:4nd.ll:a^ding armies kept in time of peace. And .
^has beenJatelyrefoIved in Parliament, that by forca
of a ftatute, made in the thirty-fifth year of thereignof-
King Henry the eighth, colonics may be tranfpoi ted tc^ .
Eiigland and tried there upon accuutions for treafon*
andmifprifions, or concealments of treaibns committed ,
ill the. colonies } and by a late ftatute, fuch trials have
becndircftcd in cafes therein mentioned, .
And whereas in. thelaft felHon of Parliament, three
ftatjjtes were made ; one entitled, ". An aft to difcon-
*i^'^**!^i^^/»»<^"^'^"»e«'» and for fudi time as arc there-.
«* m mentibricd, the landing and dircharging, ladiijgv.
•* or fhipping ©floods, wares andjnerchandiTe, at the*
'* town, and wi^n the harbour of Bofton, in the pro-
*j vince of Silaffachufetts.Bay, in North- America,"
Anotlier i;mitledi " An aft for the better regulating th^
** govei'iiiijientof the province of Maflachuietts-Bay, ia *
** *^?W5?ftg!fl»<J«'-* And another wktilied,," An aa.
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fer the impartial adminiftranon of jufHce, in thtCftTa-
« of perfons queftioned for any adl done by them in
*• the execution of the law, or for the fnppreffion of
•* riots, and tumults> in the pfdvincc ofthfc MafTacliufetts-
*' Bay, in New-England." And another ilatutc wai
then made, ** for making more effeftual provifion fdr
*♦ the government of the province of <iuebec, &c."
-An which' ilatates ate impolitic, unjuft, and cruel, ks
well as unconftimtional, and moft daitgeroUs' and de-
finitive of American rights.
And v/hereas,affembTies have been frequently dif-
folved, contrary to the rights of the people, when they
attempted to deliberate ongrievances ; and their duti-
ful, humble, loyal, and reafonablc petitions tothe crown-
for redrefs- have been repeatedly treated \7ith contempt,
by his Majefty's minifters of ftate.
The people of the feveral colonies of- New-Hamp-
, fliirc, .Maflachufetts-Bay, Rhodr-Ifttind and Provi- '
dence plantations, Conneaicut,. New- York, Ncw-Jcfi
fey, Pejinfvhvania, ;Nfew-Caftle, Kent, and Suflex pn
Del ware, Maryland, Virginia, North-Carohna, ani
South-Carolina, juftly alarmed at tliefe arbitrary pro-
ceedings of Parliament and adminiftration, have feve^
rally eleaed, conftituted and appointed depttties to
meet and' fit in general Cbngrefs in the city of Phila-
delphia, in order to obtain fnch eftablilhmcnt, as that
their religion, laws, and liberties may not befubverted:
Whereupon the deputies fo appointed being now af-
femWed, in a full' and free reprfefentation of thefc co-
lonies, taking into their moft ferious confrderation the
beft means of attaining the ends aforefaidi do in the firft
place, as Englilhmen their anceftors in like cafes have
ufually done, for afferting and vindicating-^ir rights
and liberties, DECLARE, ,.-^ , .
That the inhabitants of the Engl|flPcolomcs m
North- America, by the immatablelaw^ of nature, the
principles of the Enjglilh conftitution, and the kveral
charters orcompaa^,=j|V'e the following rjoh rs.---
^ Re/olnjc/, nem, *rn.* i/^Tl:at they are entirled to life,
liberty, and prup.-ftf : and that th<?y have never «cded
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to any fovereign power whatever, a right tt) dirpofe of
either, without their confcnt.
Rb/olved^ mm, con. z. That our anceftoTB, who fiH^
fettled thefe colonies, were atthe time of their cmigrn-
tton from the f*iothcr country, entitled to all the rights,
liberties, and immunities of free ami^n^tur^lwrn fub-
jedls, within the realm of England.
Refol'vedy.nem. con* 3. That by fuch firmgration thcjH,
by no means forfeited, furrendered,~or latt arty^oC ijii^la
lights, but thatthey were, . and their defcendants, hpw
\ V are, entitled til the exercife and enjoyment ot all fucl<
ofthemi ai their local and other circumllances enable
them to exercifeand enjoy..
Rejolved, 4.. That the foundation of.Engli(h liberty;*
and of all tree government, is. a right iathe pieople toj
participate in tnwir legiflative council, And as theEng-r
kfli cofonifts^are not j-eprefented, and from their local*^
and other circumftances cannnot properly be repj^fent-
od in the Bfitiih Parliament, they are entitled to a free-
andexclufivepowcr of iegiftation in their- feveral pro-
vincial iegiflatureSj where their right of re|>»efentatioa •
can alone bepreferved, in all cafes of taxanon and in-
ternal polity, fubjeft only to the negative of their fo-
vereign, in fuch fiTanner as has been heretofore ufed
ftad accuftomed { But from the neceffity of^the cafe,
and a regard, to the mutual interefts of both countries ^
we cheerfully confent to the operation of fuch ads of
Uie Britifli ]|arliament, as are bouafidty reftraincd xx) the
regulation of oup:external commerce, for the purpofe of
iecuring the«commercialadvantages of the whole em-
> ft> pire to the mother country, .and the commercial bene-
jcas of its refpe£tive members,^ ^cLading every idea of
taxation internal or external, for raifmg a revenue on '
the fubjeds in America without th^ir confent,, .
Re/ot'ved, mm. con 5. That the refpeftive foloniet •
are entitled to the common iaw of England, and mofi'
^Iffemlly to the great and ineltimablc privilege of |jev
WE^ tried by their peers of the vicinage, according t9
th» courfe of that law. '
M^fihidf^b* TJiat tJiey. arc enttilcd to ihc benffi*
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[61
of fucli of the EnglUh ftatutes as exifte d at the time of
their colonization ; and which they have, by experience,
fcfpe^tivelf found to l» «.pplicable to heir feveral lo-
cal and other circumiUnoes. 4
Refolved, nem. nn. 7. That tbefe, hirMajeily's co-
lonies, artflikewifo entitled to all the immunities and:
priviliges granted and confirmed to them by ro)ral,
charters, or fecurcd by their feveral codes of provincial,
laws.
Rejohedt nem. csn, &. That they have, a right ^a«c-
ably to aflem43ie,.confider of their grievances, ai» pe-
tition the King ; and that all profccucions, prohibitory
proclamations, and commitmems for the-farae, are il-
legal.
Rejthfd^ nem.cen, 9. That the keeping, a (landing
army in thefe colonies, iib times of peace, without the
content of the legiflatupe of jhat colony in. which fucK-.
army is kept, is againft law. .
Rt/ol'ved.y nem. .con. ,10. It is indifp<5nfibly neceflKry
to good' government, and jjendered cffential by* tlw
Englifh cbnftitution, that the conilitnent branches ©f
the Icgiflature be independeat of eacK other; that,,
therenore, theexercifq of legiflativ*, power in» ft veral,
colonies, by a council appointed, during pleaCure, by
I5hc GrQW#as unconftitationat dangerous, and d«ftru64
tive ta the freedom of American l«^iflatioa« ^ .■ v
AU and-each of which, the afbreiaid deputieaj in. be*
half of tbemfelv3s, and their conlUtupnta,. df daim,.^c•^
jnand^andinfift on, as their indubitable rights and U^
bertics i which cannot be l<^ally taken fr.«n them, »1*
te^edoE abridgedlay any power whatever, wiflioutth^
own confent,^ by their 'reprefeiitadves i^^heic-^i^ivefai
provincial legiflatures, :: >v^
ln\lhe courfe Of Qur encuiry* we fiud^many iiilwigB*
inenui||»dvioliitionpoftne foregoing righi»i WhS^,..
froiii an aident defiye that hariiiony a«d. mttual iajm
courfe of affeaion and intereft may be reftoifd, w^* pi6
over for the prefent, and proceed to ftate fucli a£ta *8*
jneafures as have been adopted fmce the laft war, wmCk
ieimm^ate a fydem formed to enflave Aiaerica^^
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'■ Rrfelvtd, Item. eon. That thefollowi.-g afts of Parli-
tment are intringcmcnts and violations of the'rights of
i . the cokmifts ; and that the repeal cf them is eflentially
" ' necefl'ary, in order torcilore harmony between Great-
Britain and the American colonies, viz.
The feveral a£ljiof4G. III. ch* 15. andch. 34.--*
5 G. HI. ch. 25. — 6 G. IH.ch. 52.-7 Geo. ill. ch%
41. a<id ch. 46.-8 G-. III. ch. 22. which impofe du-
ties for^ihe purpofe of raifing a revenue in America, ex-
tend th<£ powers of the Admiralty conrtt beyond thei#
ly ancient hinits, deprive the American fabjcd; of trial
by jury, authoril'e the Judge's certificate to indemni^
the profocutor, from damages ,>tkat he might otherwiw
be liable to, requiring oj>preffive fecurity from a clai-
mant of ihips and goods feized, before he fhall be al-
lowed tg defend his property, and are fubverfiveof A*
merican rigli^s..
Alfo 12 G. ni»ch. *4. iniitlfid^ ** An Ail for thi
hiiitr/uuring his Majeftfs Duk-TarJsy MagazineSy Ships^
AmmunitidH and ^twe^. \ * Which declares a new offence
in America, and deprivA the American fubieft of a
conftitational trial by jury of the vicinage, by autho-
»ifmg;the trial of any perfon charged with the commit-
ting any offence delcribed in the faid adl out of the
fftdphaj.to be indited and tried for the frur^ie in any
flwre or county within the realm.
Alfo the three adts pa(&a in the laff feffion of Parlia*
sneni, for flopping tne port and blocking up the har-
bour of Bofton i lor altering the charter and govern-.
mentofjRllaffachufetts-Qay, and that which is iiftitled,
Au j£ij^r tht better adniinifincttim o/jujlice.*^ Sec,
Alfo the 9£t paffed in die fame feffion, for. eilablifh-
ing the Roman Catholic religion in the province of
(^ehec, aboliihing the equitable fyltem of Englifh
laws,. and creating a t)rranny there, to the great dan-
ger, fraoi fa total a dimmularity of religion, law, and
government to the neighbouring Britiih colonies, by the
- nfiiilance of >^hofe blood and treafure the iaid country
•' ifnw conouered from France.
iyA) tW ft^ pailed in the fame ieffion, for the better
providing
f:
providing fuitaWe quarters for officers and fpldiers in
his Majjcllv's iervice in North- America..
AHb, that keeping a itinding army in fevcral of
thefe colonies, in time of peace, witlxout the confent
r.f the legiflaturc of that colony in wliith fuch army ii
kept, id againil law..
The Congress- from time to time, paflfed the follow*
ing Rdbtvds :
Reftl'veJ^ That this cono^refs do approve of thf. oppo*
fiiion made by the inhabitants ot" the Maflachuletts-
Bay, to the execution of the late afts of Parliament •,,
and if the fern 3 Ihsll he attempted to be carried into cxt
ccution by force, in fuch cafe, all America ought to
fupport them in their oppoikion . ^ ; ,
Rejol'vidt That it is the opinion of this body, that^
the renjovd of thcpeople.of Boilon into the country,^
would be, not only extremely difficult in the execution,,
but fo important in its confeqaences, as to require the.r
utmoil deliberation before it is adopted. But in cafe the-,
provincial meeting of that colon;' ftwll judge '\\. ab/o-^
lutely neceffary, it is the opinion of this congrefs, that^
all America ought to contribute tow.irds rct:ompenfing;
them for the injury they may thereby fultain ^ ^nd itt
will be recommended accordingly.
Rt/ol'veii, That this congrtfs do recommend to the .•
inhabitants of the colony of the Maflachufetts-Bay, to.
fubmit to a fufpenfion of the adminiftration of jufticc,.,
where it cannot be procured in a legal and peaceable,
manner, under the rules of the. charter and the laws .
founded thereon, uutil th.- efie^s of our app \ationfor
a repeal of the acls, by which their charter lights are
infringed, is known..
Rejalved unanimovjly y That every perfon or perfona
whomfoever, who Ihall take, accept, or ad under any
comwiiUon or authority, in any wife derived from the -
ad pafled in the laft Icffion oi Parliament, .changing
the form of government and violating;tJ»e charter of the
province of the Mafl'achufetts-Bay, .ou!ght*o be held in
eieteftation and abhorrence by all gtMHUnen, and coi^
ileicdii* the \^icked.iool&. ot that defpotifro, which is
preparinjg
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preparing to deftroy thofe rights,, which God, nature,
and compadt have given to America.
, Refoived unanimoujlj^ That the people of Bofton and
the Mafl"achvifctts-Bay, he advifedlHll to condu<ft ihcra-
ftlves peaceably towards his Bxccllfency General Gage^
and hi& Majefty's troops now ftationcd in the town cf
Bolton, as ftir as can pofllbly confift with their im-
mediate fafety and the (ecarity of the town ; avoiding
Ri\d diftountenancin^ every violation of his Majefty's
pro]>erty, or any int alt to his troops ; and. that they
peaceably perfevere in the line in which they are now
cond'jfting themffelvei,. on the dcft-nfive.
■Rifol-ved, That the feieing, or rittemgring to feize,
any perfon in Amerjcjt, in order to trai,.|.ort fuch per*
fon beyond the fea, for trial of offences committed within
the Lody ©fa county in Americjs bci^g agaiiUl law, will
juftify and ought to meet with, refillancc and reprifaL
S A. T U R D- A V QSiohr 22.
Refolvcd^ As the opinion of the congrcfs, that it wilf
be neceflliry that a congrcfs ftiould bei.eld on the 10th
day of Mny next, imlefe tlie redrcfs of grievances,
whirh we have dcfired^ be obtained' before that time —
And we recommend that the famebe heldat the city of
Philadeljjhih,: and that all the colonies in North-A-
merica chodfc deputies a& foon as poffible, to attend*
fuch congrcfs. '
-** ■ T U E S D A y, Oftoherzi.
Refohjoiy Thauhe congrefs in their owji nam«, and
in behalfof all thofe whom they reprefent, do.prefent
their moft gratefal acknowledgments to ihofe trulv no-
ble, honourable, and patribti advocates of civil and
religious liberty -, who have fo generoufly and* power-
fblly, though unfucceftfully.cfpoufed and defended thf
caufe of America, both in, and out of Parliament.
■ A copy of the letter to General Gage was brought
irtto Congiefs, and agr<»«ablc to ordcr,^ figned by the
Prefident, and is as follows :
SIR, FhilaJtlph'ta, OStoher id, 1774.
THE inhabitants of the town of Bofton have in-
formed as, the reprefentatives of^iifi Majefty's
faithful ^bjefts^ in all the colonies from Nova-i^soiift
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^ epeatedlijfuhs they „w .»,,„» i„,, ,«*»!,;, v, i«vu
given thein great r^afon to fufpc^ a plan is formed^ ,
very deftrudive to them,, andtending to overthrow the
liberties of Amwica. \
^ y^^^ Excellency cannot be a ffrarger to the fentil
mcms of America, v/ithrefpea to the lateafts of Par-
liament, under the execution of which thofe unhappy
peoplie are oppr-jfled i the approbation tniverlally cx-
pre/fed of theij conduft, and the, determined refolution .
of the colon 'es, for the prefervatton of their commott
rights, to unite* in their oppcfition to thofe ads. Id •
cenfequence ff thef^ fenJtiments, they have appointed <
U6 the guardians of their rights and liberties, , and we
jre under the deepeft concern, that whilil we are pur-
loing every dutiful and peaceable meafu/e, to procure
a cordial and fftcdual recoriciliation between Great-
Bntain and the colonies your Excellency thouJd pro-
ceed in a manner that bciirs fo hoftilean app^raijce, ,
and which even .hofe oppreffive afts do not war, d nt.
WeentreatyourExcellency toxonfider,.,Wfhaia ten-
I
^ iiuiiiiiiica, wiiKn may prevent trie cjfui^^youra A^
ajis Congrefs to reftore a good linderftanding wiih tHe
parent ftate, and m^y involve m iathe iorrors of aci- -
vil .war. *
In order, therefore, to quiet the minds, and remove
the reafonablejealoufies of the people, that tHey may
not be driven to a Hate of defperation^i being fiilly per-
fuaded of their pacific difpofition towards the King's
troops, could tht/ be aflfaVed of their own fafety ; we
hope. Sir, you will difcontinue the fortiftcations in
and about Bofton, prevent any further invafions of prl- ,
¥ate property, reltrain the irregularities of the foldier^,,
and give orders that the communications between ch©,'
town ^nd country mayibeopcn,,unmolefted, and free.
. SigMd hy order mJ inhehal/'ofthe GeiMralCon'-refs, .
PEYTON RANDOLPHi PreliSent.
-■w;u%.
Pamnhiet
»(<
I
T " 3
The A ? S O C I A T I O N, &c. .:
T1X7 E his Majefty*smoft loyal fulyeas, theDelegates
V " of the feveral colonies ofNew-Hai^pftiire, Maf-
fachufetts-Bay, Rhoae-Iiland,Conneaicut,New-York^
New-Jerfe/, Pennfylvariia ; the three Lower Counties
o"f New/Caftle, Kent, and Suffex, on Delaware; Ma-
ryland, Virginia, North- Caroiina and South^Caro-
ii^J deputed to reprefent them in a continental con-
g«|<: held in the city of Philadelphia, on the cth day
?^Sl*'^^"^'t)er, 1774, ; avowing oQr allegiance to his Ma-
kfty? par afteftion and regard for oqriellow fuhjefts ia
Qxc^trBntam and elfewhcre, affefted with the 4eepeft
anxiety, and moft alarming apprehenfions at thofegrie-
.▼ance? anddiftreiTes, with wliich his Majefty's Ameri-
can fubjeas arfroppreffed; and having taken under
• our moil; feij-ious deliberation, the Hate qf the whole
I continerit, find that ihe prefent unhappy fituation of our
1 affairs, is occafioned by ?. ruinous fyllem of colony ad-
V ininiilration, adopted by the Britiih miniftry about the
•year 1763., evidently calculated for enflaving thefe cc^\,
l9nies, and, with them, the Britifh empire. Injirofe-
• cution of which fyftem, various ads of parliament have
been paffed for r^iiing^ revenue in America, for dc-
„priving the American fubjcAs, in many inllances, of
the conftitutional trial by jury.; exppfm^ their lives to
4^ngej^ by4ireainff a new and illegal trial beyond the
fcas, for crimes allodged to have been committed in
America c And in profecution of the fame fyftem, fe-
veral la^e^ crjiej, and oppreffive afts have been paiTed
refpedinc the town of Bofton and the M^flachufetts-
3ay ; aoa Jilfo an aft f r exteading the province of
'Quebec, ^-«s to bor4er oi> the weftern frontiers of
t^efe colonies, efta,bU(hing. an arbitrary government
therein, and difcouraginfy the fettlemeht of firitiih fub*
Jffts in that wride extcn^-. i country, j '^"s by the ia-
fluenu? of dvi\ principles and aijcient prej udices, to,
<fi%ofe 4f iiU^bitaiits to , ad, w^tt hoftthty againit thej
f*«e prote(lafit colonies^ wj)^fi«v?r, a wic^d miniHiy
fe^i cfioofe fo to djired tii?^.
T« /qbtain redrefs of tkefe grievaocf ft, which threa-
ten
'P
w
I " 1
ten deftmaion to the lives, liberty and propen)t^of "hk
M^jefty's fi^jeas in Nonh- Azneric?, Vc are ol ppink
<Sn, that a nftn-importiation, nou-confiiniptioh, ^atft
non-expOFtation agreement, fauhfiilly Hdhered to, \viU
|rove fh«f moft fpeedy, eiFe^util, and peaceable toea--
fare: and therefore we do, for -ourfelves and the in'ha-"
Bitants of the fevei*al colonics, which wc reprefent,'
Urmly agree and affodate, under the facred ties of vir-
tue, honour, and lov'c of our country, as follows :
Firjf, 'I'hat from and after the 'firlt day of D,
" ber next, we will not i^ijport into BritiA Am_.._.,
from Great-Britain !or Inland, any goods. Wares '-^t^,
merchandize Vhatfoevef; or from any other "'^Si^,'
any fuch goods, wares or merchandife, as ftiall. Wvk'
been exported from Great-Britain or Ireland ; nor wi!r
we, after that day, imporrany EalMndia tea from any'
part of the world J nor any molaffes, fyrups, paneles,
coffee or pimento, from theBritifli plantatiohs,'brfrom
Dominica; nor wines from Madeira, or the Wcftcrn If-
lands ; nor foreign indigo. .>: * c rj.n
^ Second. That we will neither import, "nor ptmrhafe,
iny Ikvc imported after the firft day of December
ne:ft ; after which time we will wholly difcontitiue the
flave tradc,and will neither be concerned in itourfelves, '
it6rwill we hire our veffpls, nor -fell «Br cdmmoditiei
dr m^nufadtures tof thofe who aire concerned in it/*- -•.'
-Third. As a Tt^-c)oftfmnption'.ag;rc<^m^nt ftrSftlR^*
rf<Bbered to, wHI be'^neffcaoiilfeairityf^r Ae obferva-
tjbh of the non-import^tSon, we, "is at)brJt, folemnly
;^grce and aifociate, that> from thrs dayywe will not
purchafp or wfe any tea "imported on account of the
Eaft-IndiaCompany, orany on which a duty hitthfeeen
or ihail-1>e paid ; and from and after the firft day of
March next, w« will not piirchafe or life any Eaft-In*.
dia tea whatever ; nor will we, nor (hall any perfon for '
<jr;6ritler Us^ ptifcKajEe or pfe any of thoie goeds^, 'wit€¥.
or; mekhand!T5e,-5*^ii^er agreed not to impbrt; whi<^^
weMll-kijuw, or-haVij^tSiufe. to fufpc«, -were in^pbi^''
after the firfl day -oPD^Cember, except fuchii^-coimr
-under the rules and direaibiw of t^ tehith rfHicle,
herein after-lhefttioned. ' ' -^ t?. v, . '« c
■5'>
' \ %l' ^ t..^,-d.
Pannohl
)ert)t^of"hil
e oi ppifii-.,
>uoh, ^kvA
ed to, wiU.
lable iiiea-
theinhav
reprefenc,
:ies of vir-
»ws
ofDc
(hall. K'ave;
J nor will^
I from aiiy'
, paneles,
IS, 'or from
Vcftcrnlf-'
pdrchafe,
December
ititiue the
ourfelves, '
nmoditiee
niti'-"^-' '-•/
at (krUXfy*
e obfftrva-
, rblemnl^
6 will' not
int of the
hacthfeeen
irft day of
yEai:k:inC'
perfon for ]
trt,^ whicfc^
h ,a*ticlfr.
I
t 'J ]
/«^/&. Theearneft defire w?have, not to injure
•ur fellow fubjcfts in Great-Britain, Ireland, or the
We^-Inflies, induces us to fufpend a non -exportation
until the loth day of September, 1775 ; at which time, if
ie fffldafls and parts of afts of thcBritilh Parliament,
herein sifter mentioned, are not repealed, we will not,
dire^y oirindireil^y, export anjjr merchandize or com-
modity Whallbever, to Great-Britain, Ireland, or the
Weft-indies, except rite to Europe.
Fi/^h. Such as are merchants, and ufe the Brltilh and
trilh trade will give orders, asfoon aspoiTible, to their
faftors, agents and correfpondents, m Great-Britain
and Jrelandf not to Ihip any goods to them, on any
pretence wbatfoevcr, as tney cannot be received in
America} and if any merchant, reiiding in Great-Bri-
tain or Ireland, fliall direftly or indireftly fliip any
goods, warjBs or merchandize, for America, in order. to
Sriak the feid non-importation agreement, or in any
manner contravene the fame, -on fuch unworthy con-
•du^ being well attefted, it ought to be made .public;
and, on the fame being fo done, we will not from
thenceforth have any commercial connexion with fuch
.merchant.
Sixth. That fuch as are owners of veflels, will give
-jpofitive orders to their Captains, or Mailers, not to re-
ceive on boaid their veflels, any goods j)rdbibiced by
the faid non -importation agreement, on paih of iihaiit^
'diate difmiflion from their lervicc.
Seventh. We will ufe our ct-moft endeavors to im-
prove the breed of ftieep, and increafe fhe»r number to
the greateft extent ; and to that end, we will kill them
asfparingly as may te, efpedally thofe of the moft
prontable kind ; nor -will we export any to ihe Weft-
Itidies, or clfewlierc ; and thofe of us who are or may
be<*ome overftockcd with, or can conveniently fpare
an^ fl*ecp, will difpofe of them to otir neighbours, efpe-
ciallfto the poorer fort, on moderate terms.
'Eighth. That we wi'! n our feveral ftations encou-
rage fru^Hty, oeconomy , %nd induftry j and promote
Rgrictidtttre, arts, and the raanufaftures (^ tliis country,
J8 efpedally
■0
«/..
mtmm
t '4
"i
%^
um
L ■ if
and difccurage every foeciesofextravag
paticn,. cfpecially all Wfc-radng, and aS kinds of
gaming cock-fighting, exhibitioh; of lh>4, "^^^^^
a«d^ other expenfive diverfions arid entma hS
And on the death 6f any relation or friend^ nowl,?!
L'd^f T ^^"^5!rr" go in Ay fur Aer mou^':
ing drefs, than a black crape, ^miinr oh thearhi or
adier.C'^'™^"n 5v^ " Wackn'bton and necklace f^
S^rfS ^^''"'"^"' ^^« giving of glove. a»d
Ai>r//&. That fuch as are vepderscif goods cr mer-
chandize, mil net take advantage of the &dty^
goods that may be occafioned by^is aflbciation /^
will iell the fame at the rates we bave been refpeaive^
ly accuftomed to do, for twelve months M paft.-.- And
It any vender of goods and mer^andize, ffiall fell any
luch goods on higher terms, or fhallin any manner, or
by any device whatfccver, violate or depart from tlm
V Si^reemcnt : no perfon ought, nor will any oT us deal
with any fuch perfon. or his, or herfeftor or- agent, at
any time thereafter, for any commodity whatever.
\c A.^'it .^° ^*^^ ^ny merchant,. trader, or other per-
2l2?a ^"r^P®" ^"y g°"^^ or merch.-mdke after thts
iiritday of December, and before the^rft day of Febrn
ajry next ; the fame ought forthwith, at the elcftion of
4he owner, to be either refhippcd, or deKvered up to
the coriUnittec of the county, or town wherein they ihaU
be imported J tobeftored, atUe rifque 4)f the impor-
ter, until the non -importation agreement Ihall ccafe?
or be fold:^ under the direftion of the committee afore-
faid ; And in the laft mentioned cafe,, the owner or ow»
ners of fuch goods, fhall' be reimburfed (out o£ tit
fales) the firft coft and charges ; the profit, if any, to
^■^Vl^^^^d towards relieving an4 employing fw^.Mor
inhabitants of the town of Bofton, as are imi^eJ^
|u««rers by the Soften pwt-bijl; and ai particular ar- '
■ «ouBt of all goods {q returned, ftored , or fold, to be in -
iei-ted irt ths public papers,; find if any goods or m^r-
chiiadizes ihall be imported afcer ih'e faid iirft day oi
«»
. ._.%
-noiomounx
PamoSI
anceand di^-
i an kinds cf
tte«aini»fht3.
i> none of us,
irdjcf moufn-
oh the arih or
d necklace for
of gloves and
5ods cr mcr^
le ^ardty jjf
elation ; felut
nrefpe£li\e*
paiir — And
Eall fell xiky
manner, or
rtfrom tljis
' oT us deal
oragentj, at
atever*
'Other per-
iG after the
ly of Fel?rn-
i elcftion of
'ered up to
n they flialJ
the impor-'
[hall ccafej
ittee afore-
^ner or ow»
out o£ tl«
if any, to
immScime
ticul^ac-
> to be in-
Is or m^r-
liili dav oi
t,. ! -
[ '5 1
February, tjie (atne ought for^hwitli (;o be Hyit back
a^ain, without breaking any of tke packages thereor."'
Eiiv^P^k* Th^t a committee be choTen in every
county, city and town, by thofc who are qualifiec' to
vp^e For reprefentativcs in the leffiflature, whofe bufi-
liefi it (hall be, attentively to, obferve the coudud of
til perfons, tooching this iflpdation ; and when it ihall
be made appear, to the fatijfa^ion of a majority of any
fuch committee, that any perfon within the liniits of
their ap^intmcnt has violated diis aflbciation, that
f^ich majority do forthwith caufc the truth of the cafe
to be pttbliflied in the Gazette, ta the end, that all
fuch foes to the rights of BiWfti Aijierica, may be pub-
licly known, and univerfally contemned, as the ene-
mi -3 of American liberty; and thenceforth we refpec-
tJrUy -viU break off all dealings with him or her.
Tiueifiy* Xh»t the Committee of Correfpondcncc»
in the refpeftive colonics, do frequently infpeft the en-
tries of their cnftoin-houfes, and inform cagh other
l^om time to time, of the true ftate thereof, and of eve-
ly other material ctfC»oi<^rtce that may occpr relative
to this aflbciatioa,
Thirteenth, That all manufaftures of this country be
Ijpld at reafonable prices, fo that no undue advaot^ be
t«^en of afiitvre icardty of goods.
1^9itr$eenth^ P^vA' we dp further a^ree and refolye,,
that we will have no trade, commerce, dealings or in-,
tercourfe .wjhatfocver,..with any colony or province, in
North-Amerfca, which ftjall not acgede to, or which
Mlhere^ter yiplate thi* ^ffoqaUon, but will hold
tl^em as unworthy of the ri|;hts of freemen, aiifi as ^ni*
mical to the liberties of their country.
' And we do folemnlvbind ourfclves and oorconftitu^
ents, under the ties aforefaild, to adhere to this aifociao
t^i until fuch parts of the f t'cral ads of Parliament,
palDd fince tlie clofe of tVie laft war, as impofe or con-
tinua duties oa tea, wiae, inQlafr?s, fyrups, .oaaeles, .
cpi&e, Ibgar, pimento, indigo, fpre^n papei, glafs,
and painter's colours, Impojrted into America. an4y
<^eji^ . the powecs .of the AdinkidLc^^ CPurtsJ^s^oud thei«
■ir:.
R-
'srni'.
-^-, s*9B
iipi^^
'H
< ft;'
Zf^'^'lf^'C ^^l^T.*' ^^^tkKt^ fubjea oftnal by
iJr.T °/'' '*i^ Judges certificate to indeinnify the
Iiab e to, from a tnal by lys pew,,rcq5rftonp/effiv€ fe-
Klfr.r'^T^!,^^^5T ^>P«fS before
he fliaU be a owed to defend his .property, are i-cpcaled-
...Aad u,ml taatpart of the adV th/Vz O.^ch,
by vvhichaiYperfons, charged withcomm^^
the offences thtrexn defcribeH, in America, may%e tried'
in any fhu-eorcounr/ within the realiii/is repeaJcd-^
and until the faur afis pafledlu thelail fe/Tidn of Par^
wp Che harbour of Bollon-that .faltering the char?'
fhL''"K- f •'"'''"'??"] ''^ '^^'^ Maira):hufett5!Bay...and'
l"^ /f '^^'"'''"'^ '^^' •^'^ '^^^^i»S ^^ limits of
^tbec, ^c. are repealed. And we iecommend it to
Jhe provmcial conventions, and to tfie committees in ^
£he refpeftive colonies, to eftablilK fuch far.hfer regula"
\)^ foregoing aflbciation being determinfti upon by
l^lF''"^C' \^' ""'^^'^ '° be-fubfcribed>?^f7
ve^l members thereof^, andthereapon we have here-
unto ^t our re5>paive names accordingly. ^*''^ ^^"^^^
InCongre/s, Hiladdphia^ O^Uer 20, 177.
Signed . ^'*'
* >- m, ^ **^^'^0N RAN00rLR«, /V^yfflt;?/. '
m'T??^-^':'' ^^^"^ Sullivan. Kathartiel Folfom.
John Adams, Robert .IVeat Paine.
Rhodi^lfa^td. ^ Steplien Hopkins, . Sdmael'Ward.
, ^^«;^^^^v JJ^ac Low, J6hn AIlM fSfiB %i)
iruT ^^"'' '"'"" ^"^^' "'"'-y '^^^^^^^' s. ^5?:;
J>tephen Crane, Richard ^i .. . ^^ ''^*^
— j-r . ■ - ■ ■
iiuiumuuni
toass
PamohlAt
,. ami.
ft of trial bjr
deinnify the
•tIio«#ife be
ipreflive fe-
stcci, before
ire i-epealed;
E G.,3. ch.,
his.Majefly'S'.
ting» any o£.
iay be tried;
repealed —
6n of Par--
d blocking
the charr '
Bay- -and'
mlnipration.
: Limits of^^
nend it to^
nittees in.
fer regula--
into exe--
d upon by
by the fe-
lavehere-r-
774-
'ejident^ '
I Folfom. ;
1 Adams,.
S^ard.
ail, Silas
fin jW^'
»S. Bo-'
r J7' r
ffnnfyhanin, Jofeph Galloway, • John tJickenfoii.
Charles Humphreys, Thomas Mifflin, Edward Bii-
dle, John Morton, George Rofs.
Niw.CaJtUy t*fc. Caefar Rodney, Thomas M'Kean,
G<Jorgc Read. t^
Jdaryland. Matthew Tilghman, Tfiomas Johnfori,
William Paca, t amuel Chafe.
Vif^ginla. Richard Henry Lee, George Wafhing,
ton, P. Henry, ]un. Richard Bland, Benjamin Har-
rifon, Edmund Pendleton.
North-Carolina,' William Hooper,' Jofeph Hevvcs,
R. Cafwell.
Souih-Cafolina: Henry Middleton, Thomas Lynch,
Chnftopher-Gadfiieif, John Rutlcdge, Edward Rut-
ledge.
■M
in
W-,
To rnt P'E OP L E of
G R EAT- BR I T A I K
ff-m the Delegates appvinted hythe fe^etalEngliJh Colo.
ntes of Ne^-Hampjhire, Majfachujetts-Bay, Rhode-Jf
land and Providence Piantathns^ Conne^ieuty Ne-tv-
: Tori, Nt'w-Jerfey, Pertnjyhania, the' Lonver Countii's
9>t DeltPware, Maryland/ rir^initi, N&rth-Carolina^
and South-Carolina,- to confider of their GHe^uancetin'
general Congre/i^ at Philadelphia, Sepf. <th, ijyA.,
Friends and fellonjoSubjeasy^
"^^.JN a nation, led to greatnefs; hy the hitidof
liberty, and poffeffad of all the glory that he-
rdiim, munificence, and humanity can betto^v, def-
wnds^to tU ungrateful taflc of forging ch^rins for her
fttends and childrenv and inftead of giving fuoport to
Ireedom,' turns advocate for 11 n very zM otipreOioti.
thei-e IS reafon to fafpea fte has either ceafed to be
TOuo^ or been extremely negligent in the appoint- ■
ment of- her rulers. >
. J\f^n^t every age; in repeated con0i\a5i in lorie
and bloody wnrs, as- well civii a. foreign, again ft ma-
ny and powerful nation-s againll theow^n ^"(THuks of
^ eB^mies, and the more dangi-rom treachery oftriends,
•-aftyt; the mhubicant:^ of your iilau.);/ ya..u- gimtraHd-
iou»
'J«t
■<^-
.^^..K^,,^»^„.jg^,^^
.^1
Ui\
■%■
i
gteripus anceftors, maintained theiJ- ind{;pen<36Rce and
.tranimuted t^ie ri^ts of mcfl, and the hleffingi of ij.
tierty to you their poftel-icy.
. 7* "<" ^^rptked therefore, ^t w^,' who a{« dcf-
^med from th* fame common ai^ceftdr*; that we,
: Whote fore-fathers participated in all the rrghCs, the li-
bemes, and the conftitwion you fojuftly bo*ft, ^d
who hare earefidly conveyed the fame faii; itb^ittnce
-'°"«'j guaranteed by the plighted faith cf^Overnment
and the moft folemn compa<5l« with Brkilh fovereiraif,
ihouKi refaJe to furrender thdm to men, who found
tneir claims on no principles of leafon, and who p^O-
lecute tljem v^ith a defign, that by h4yiflg o^r Hves aad
P.\?P^^%^^ their power, they may with the neater fa-
cility enflave^ca. ' 6
. jr:'^^^ caufc of America is now. the objed of univer -
fal attention : ft has at length become very ferious*-
ihisimhappy country haf not only been ORpreffed*
»ut abufed and mifrejtfefented ; and the duty we, ow*
. to^ourfelves and pofterity, to your intereit, and the ge-
, . neral welf e of the Iritifli empire, leads us to addrefs
^ you on this very important fubjeft.
Know then ^ That we fon^cr ourfelves, an<l do, in-
iift; that we are and ough't to be, as free as our fejlow
nib^efts in Britain, and that no^^er on earih has a
ngiit^O tSJce our property from ii^ithoutourconfent.
That we claim all the benefits fec^red tp the fubjeil
by the Englifti conftitution, and particularly that in-
eiiimable one of trial by jury.
That we hold it efieniial to Englifh liberty ; that no
man he condemned unheard, or punilhed for fuppof-
ed offences, widiput h?ivipg an opportunity of making
' . h^^deftyjce,
.That we think the legiflature of Great:Rritain is.
liot authorized by the conftitution to ellabliih a rcljjgi-
on, fraught with fanguinary and impioijs tenets ; or, ta
ercit an abitrary form of government in any qaartpr
of the globe. ' Thefe rights, we, as wdl a* you, deeitn
facred, And ye£, facred as they are they have, w^h
|»any others, bee.n repeatedly &nd flagranily v-iol.a|^i
hw -not the proprietors of the foil ci Great- JSiata-^
''■-?*^|»*' ■
.*^^.'-.
ti'x.iMi^-
Photomount
Pamohltt
•SfiRCC^ and
'iri^tt off li.
to ftie dcf-
tbat we,
H!5, theli-
3t>*l^, a»d
>vernment
'ho found
who p^o-
■ Hves ai^d
a-eatser fk-
Y ferious
ippreiTed *
we, ovwe*
d the ge-
6 addrefs
in-
i do,
mr fellow
ih has a
con fen t.
le fiibjeil
that in-
; that no
t fuppof-
makifig
fj-itain is.
a rcijgi-
s ; or, to
quarter
)u, deein
ft, vvkh';
.'-! elated.
f9 1
%
Lords of thelf own property? Can it be iriceti' ffbm
thmn without their confent i WHl they yield it to the
arbttiTary difpofal of arty man, or number of ntten what-
ever ?^— -You kaow they will not.
Why then are the proprietors of the foil of Ame-
rica lefs Lords of their prOjwrty than you ate of yo«rt,
or why fhoald they fubmit it to the difpoial of your
ParliameW, Of aay other Parliament, or Council in
the world, not df their ole^ioh ? Can the inte^v«ntioii
of the fea that divides us, caufe difparity in rights, or
eaii a«y reafon be given, why Engliftt fobjefts, who
live three thoufaad mile* from the royal palace, fliouid
enjoy l6ft liberty than thofc who are three kumired
miles diftant from it? ^ . .
Reafon looks with indignation on fach diftinftions^
and freemen can never perceive their propriety. And
yet, however chimerical and?Wjoft fuch 4ircrimin«ti<-
Ons are, the Prrliament affert, that they have a righft -
to ' u us in all cafes without exception, whether Wte
confent or not ; that they may take and ufeottr pro-
perty when and in what manner they pleafet ; that w4e
are penfioners on their bounty for {lU that we pofiefs,
and can hold it no longer than they vouchfafe to per-
mit. Such d'echratiofts we confidcr asherefies in Eng-
Kfh politics, and which can no more operate to de^
prive us of our property, than the interdkls of" the
Pope can divelt Kings of fceptres which the laws of the
Jandandthc voice of the people hav^ placed in their
. hands.
At the conclufion of the late war — a war rendered
glorious by the abilities and integHty of a minifter, to
whofe efforts the Britiih enipire owea its fafety^ind its
fume. At the conclufion of this war, which was fuo-
ceeded by an inglorious peace, formed Wider the auf^
pices of a miniller of principles, and of a familV^*tin-
friendly to the Proteftant caufe, and inimical to libfel*.
/ ty.— We fay at this period- and under the influcRec *
Of t4iat man, a plan for en iog your fclloW fubjects
in America was concerted, and has ever ftr.ce b^n ,
^rtinacr^tt-ly carrying into cxcctition, --".-''
n
^,
-11
S-
V,
*»■
\4
Frior to this arra, you were content with drawiiift
horn us the wealth produced by our commerce. You
reltramed our trade in every way that could conduce to
your emolument. You exercifed- unbounded fovcreign-
ty over the fea. You named the ports and nation? to <
which alone o»r merchandize rtiould be carried, and
with whom alone we (hould trade; and though feme
ot theie reftnaions were grievous, we neverthelefs
aid not' complain ; we looked up to you as to our pa-
rent ftate, to which wc were bound by the ftrongeft
ties J and were happy in being inftrumental f your ■
profperity and your grandeur. .
We call upon you yourtelves, to witnefs our loyal- -
ty and attachment to the common intereft of the-
whale empire : Did we notj in thelaft war, add d\i
tftft- ttrengch of this va/l continent to the force which •-
repelled our common enemy ? Did we not- leave our*
native ihores, and meet difeafe and death,*to promote
the fuccefsof BritiOi arms in foreign climates ? Did you .
not thank us-for our zeal, and even reimburfeus larze
lums of money, which yo* confefled, we had advancS :
beyond our proportion, and far beyond our abilities ?
You did. .
^To what caufes, then, are we to^ttwbute the fudden
change of treatment, atvd that fyftem of flavefy which '
w.ts prepared for U5, at the rclljration of peace f
Before we had recovered from the diftreffcs which* '
ever attend war, an attempt was marde to drain this •
^untry of all its money, by the opprelfu'e aatup-a<a.
Famt, glafs,.-and other oomnt<»dities which V0u wpuf4-<'
not perniit us to p»rchafe of thernaion^ were taxed; ;
\!a' a'tnougJ^ no wine is made in any country, fub-
jeet to the Brmlh ftate,. you prohibited our procurift?
It of foreigners, without paying, a ta.v, impofed l^ "
your parhament, on all w2 iraporced. Thefe and ma- •
ny other impofitions wac kid apoa us maft unjuftly
and unGon%lttiouairy,.fot the. exprefs purpofe of.raifiifo
a reyenue-^-In order to filence complaint, it was, in-
M§Qd, provided, that this revenue fh^ald b2eXoc?n deli
m America forits proteOioa md dc-feace..-Thofe -9^-.
B*t
■J-^>
%.
%
"V
Pamohlel
rawmg;
. You
iuce to
creigtv-
tion^ to
^f and
;h rome
rthelefs
)ur pa-
rongeft
t« yoor '
loya^--
of the-
idd aili
which 1^
ve our
remote
>id you >
s largje •
vanced i
llities f
fudden
which '
?
which V
in this '
ip-a^
wouf4<
ajjed ; ;
, fufef-
carinig ,
!eii by
d raa-
ijuftly
raifiilg:
c?nde4
fe -^V
sift
C 21 ]■
exaaions. However^can receive no juftjficationf/om a
Dret«;ndcd ncccOity of protefting and defending us.'
JT^ey aw laviffily fquandercd on court favourites and
mimlierial dependents, gcnwally avowed enemies to
i^nicrica, and employing themfelvcc), by partial repre-
fentations, to traduce and embroil the colonies. For
the neceilary fuaport of government here, we ever were
and ever ihallbc ready to provide. And whenever
tlie exigencies of the ftate may require it, we ftiaU, as
)ire have heretofore done^, cheerfully contrihue our full
pr«portiof» of men, and monejt. To enforce this- art.'
Qunrtituticnal and unjuf! fchenie of taxation,, orery
«rncc that the wifdora of our Britifh anceftors had care-
fully erefted againft arbitrary power, has been violtnthr'
thrown down in America,, and the ineftimabte fight
Jjf tnal by jyry taken, away, in cafes that touch both
Mfe and property.— It was ordained, that whenever of4
fence* flxottW fee committed In the colonies againft par-
ticular afts iinpofmg various duties and refltieUona
upon trade,, the prolecutpr might bring hTs . aion for
the peaalties in the courts of admirafiy ; bj^ which
means the fobj^ loft the advantage of being tHed'by
an honeft uninfluencd jury of the vicinage, and was
fobjedled to the fad neceffity of beingjudged by a fiit-
ele plan, a creature of the crown, and-- according to
the courfe of a. law, which exempts the profecutor from
the trouble of proving his accufation^'and^ obliges the
defendant either to evince his iniiocerfce (5r to fuffer.
To give this new judicatory the;|i^atef important,
and as, if with defign to prji»te2l> iaif^ aecuiers, it is
Rirther provided, that the ju^T^rtiftc'ate of there
navmg been probable caufcs of JSftaine^aitd profecution,
mall proteft the profecut<ftffr«<ii^ae^ns.?t common
aw, for recovery of damages.' ' <3 ■ , —
By thecourfe of ouir la% "offeaces contmittird in fuch
G* the Bt^fh dominions in w^nth courts ^ eftabliih-
ed and juftice duly and regularly " adminiifeafed ftiall be
there tried by jury of the vicinage. There the oftend-
ers and the witnefles are known, and thedegree 6f ere-
^ility to b* given to their tcftimony;, can be afcertam^
^'*- Itt
%
%.
♦t
•>|.- '
^'*"*%»— -WWiiJf-flBg^
Jp all.thefe colonjes juftice is- regularly aod impartj-
ally adminiftered ; andycr, by thr conftraftion o/iomej
*nd the diredioi;i of other adls of parliament, 'offender^
Hre to be taken by force, together with all fuch pcrfoni
as may be pointed out as wiineffes, and carried to Eng-
land, there to be tKed in a diftant land, by a jury of
ftranepis j and fubje*^ to all the difadvantages that rc-
(uh trom want offrieuds,; wjuk of wiK^cfl'cs-,aA4 w.anc
of money. ' " ' ' ■ ■•■ rt^,,^.^> /"•■ -
Whcjx th« defign of raifing areycnue from the dutitj
impoffd on the importation of tea into America, ia4.
in a great meafwre bcer-'^endercd abortive by our ceaf-
ing to import that coramoditv, a fihenae was concerted'
I?/ the tniajftrv with the Eaft-India company, and ai^
adl paflTtrd enabling and eocouragbg th«m to ttanfpor^
^d vend it ia tfie colonies. Awar© of the danger of
fivitm fuccef? to this infidious roancjcuyj-e, and.of pnr- .
mittiftg a preccd^at of ta^:«iQn thus to be cllabliihcd
jmong u8» various methods were adopted to elude the
ttroke. The people of Bofton, then rul^ by a gover-
nor, whom, as well as his predeceflbr Sir Francis Bcr^
na«l, all America confiders as h<?r enemy, were exceed -
iagly cmbarraiT^d. Th« /hips wMch had .arrived 'yilK
the tea wei^e by his management prevented from return-
ing.. -The duties would have been paid; the cargotjs
l4nded and cxpofod tp fale; a goverp 's Vifli^ce
would Iiave procured at?d protef^d manv afers.
While the tovy.-. waij fufpen led by d^Iib ; , this
iiipportant fubjca, the tea was deftroysci. Kvea fuppof^
ing a trefpafs wa? thereby committed, and the propri-
etors of th« tea eamled to damAges,— — The c^jirts of
hw were open, anCthc judMsappiointed by the crowi>
^1 'jdsd in theai-^rThc E»8-Jn4ia company, ho wev^jj
■/'^ »!!''>': think proper to comm^.ncc any f^it, nqr ditt
t r }? „ ^nd&^fsx^wi faosfaaipni either from individuals
or iropjths Qom Inanity til ger^eral.Ths minjftri^^it feems^,
o^ciouflir n^s the cgftj rhsir own, and the J^ c^uii-.
cil of A? naciottdafcend^d to intermeddle; w»^ll Adif-
pjue .tbsai privue property Divers p.ap?r$, Ip^.^r?.
aad Other wiauthinticaied ax ^^^<f cviJeAfis werej^d^
bcfoiip <
i.^*»~
Photomount
Pamohle^
m
beroie them ; wifherthc pcr(onrfw?rodd!f6y'«j th*- »/fl
or the people of Bollon were tiWtd up6n la anfwTr the
complamc. The miniftry. fncc^ftd Dy bt rSi f
pomted »„ a favourite fchemc, were tftiterminl (o ?!
cur from the little am brfinelTe. to open force ^n|«t
mmly violence. The port of Boflon was blockla 1
by a fleet, apd an army placed in the' tdwn. Their 'trpS«
. was to be fufpendea, /«*d • t1»oufand3 r^duJ^ct t^th ' e
ceffityofgaiflingfubliitancefromc1iarity,tiirthevmouM
lubnut to pafs, aider the yoke, an^d coilen 'oSe
Haves, by confeffmg the omitipotcrice of twliaS
. «nd acqmefcmg m whatever difpofitlon they n^^
thmk.j^rorer to make of their lives and property ^
Let juftice and humaniiy ceafe to be the l^all of your
nation ! Cotifult your hiftory, exainlne yoiir recotfs^f
former tranfaftions ; nfy turn to the anlials oT tHe ma-
ny^rbitrarykingdcrrm a»d ftates that furround ™
tl^r • '^' ^\"«^^".^"« Q^,"^^ beir^c6ndemnedto
-ftifler for impudent crimes unheard, nnq^uemoricil.ind
jvuhoutevep the fpeaous formality of atrial j ^ndtJ^t
too, by Iravs made^xpeily forthe purpofe, and which
4>ad^rto exiikucc at the tmie <.f .tl>e *aa committed. l/it
4>e difficult to reconcile thefe proceedings to theeeniiis
..and teinperof your laws and conHitution, the tal vvM
'become more arduous when we call upon our minift*/;
,v*l enemies to jdftify not only condeLwrnTHntr'
edand-hy hearfay, but involving the iri/ocTnt in o^i
.rf^^^yor forty to bring poverty, dfftrefs andcalamify
-on thirty thoufand fouls, a^d thpfc not your eneaii"/
bu your friends, brethren, «i4 k\]6w fihj.aT! '
It^Quld be toe cot^lblt^on to us if t^ie ot^^e
_<.f American oppreflk)ns«nded here. It giv^^ Sa
to be reduced to the. aecc% of remindL^u S
t!fl K '" \'T^ charter from aBritiih fo^vere^.l;
lecefaihers ofiheprcfent Jtthahitartts of thel^JSffiibki
JeMs'rBay left their foiiner^habitatibns. %nd eiEKi}Xi'
»nai Kfcut, noiiriiiun4? and loval r«],^r,„ txr: J*.- .:. -^ '
.v^.»T«.»;r .tu lucir lorincr naoitatii^ns. ^nd eft^liihn.i
".ui grcit, nouriiluRg and loyal colony, Wi'rfibut in '
oyiTing or imns chirgrd ns M a fdn-fl'If/te of their nghts,
without
If;
. [^
.; .
N
'. i
without being heard, without being tried, without Iaw,
and V. 'thout juftice, by an aft of parliaaT*ent, their
charter is deftroyed, their liberties violated, their con-
ilitution and fotm. of government changed : And all
\h.\$ ujpon no better pretence, than bccaufe in one of
th^ir towns a trefpafs was consmited on forae merchan-
''3ike, faid to belong to one of the companies, and be-
caafetheniiniftry were of opinion, that fuch high po-
litical regulations wese ncceffary to compel due fubofr-
dination and obedience to their mandates.
Nor are thefe the only capital^rievances under which
we labour. We might tell ot diffolute, weak, and
' wicked Governors having been fet over us ; of le|^fla-
tures being fufpended for afierting the rights erf" Britiih
fubjefts— of needy and ignorant dependents on great
advanced to the feats of juftice, and to other
men
places of truft and importance.; of hard reftnftions on
commerce, and a great variety ofleffer evils, the re -
colleftion of which is almoft loft under the weight and
preffure of greater and more poignant calamities.
Now mark the progrcffion ofthe minil^erialplan for
enllaving us. -
Well aware that fuch hardy attempts to tak^ our pro-
perty from us } to deprive us of that valuable right <^
trial by jury ; to feize our perfons and carry us for tri-
al to Great-Britain, to blockade our ports ; to deftroy
our charters, and change our forms of governmen^
would occafion, and had alreadjr occafioned, great dif-
contents in all the colonies, which might produce op-
pdltion to thefe meafures : An aft was pafled to pro-
feft, indemnify, and fcpeen from punifhment fuch as
might be guilty even of murder, in endeavouring to
carry their oppreflive edifts into execution : And by
another aft, the dominion of Canada is to be fo m-
tended, modelled, and governed, as that by being
difunited from us, detached from our intereftb, by ci-
vil as well as religious prejudices, that by their num-
bers daily fw^ning with Catholic emigrants from- Eu-
rope, and b^\ their devotion to adminiftration, fo
friendly tc^ they: religion., they mi^ht become formida-
V
%
thoutlAw,
ent, their
their con-
: And all
in one of
merchan-
i, and be-
I high po-
3ue fuboa>
ider which
veak, and
of legifla-
5 erf" Britrih
s on great
1 to other
ridlions oh
Is, the re -
veightand
ities.
lal plan for
fee our pro-
)le right <^
r us for tri-
to deftroy
avernment,
^ great dif-
»roduce op-
led to pro-
ent fudi as
avottring to
n : And by
to be fo 0x-
t by being
eftb, by ci-
their num-
ts fr(M»E«-
ftration, fo
ae formida-
ble
[ 25 3
ble to us, and on occs.fion, be fit inftrumcnts In the
hands of power, to reduce the ancient free l/oteftant
colonies to the fame ftate of flavery with themfelves. •
This was evidently the obje^i en* the ad :- — And in
this view, being extremely dangerous to our liberty and
quiet, we cannot forbear complaining of it, as hoilile
to Britifli America. — Superadded to thefe coniiderati.
ons, we cannot help deploring the unhappy condition
to which it has reduced the many Englifh fettlers, who,
encouraged by the royal proclamation, promiling the
enjoyment of all their rights, have purchafcd eftates in
that country. -They are now thefubjedsjof an arbi-
trary government, deprived of trial by jury,, and when
impri^ned cannot claim the benefit of the habeas cor-
pus aft, that great bulwark and palladium of Engliflj
liberty : Nor can we fupprefs our aftonifhment, that
a Britifh piarliament fl\ould ever confent to eftabliih in
that country a religion that has deluged your iflandin
I blood, and difperfed impiety, bigotry, perifecution,
murder and rebellbn through eveiy part of the world.
This being a trurf ftate of fails, let us befeech you to
eonfider to what «nd they lead.
, Admit that the min^ftry, by the powers of Britain,
and the aid of our Roman. Catholic neighbours, Ihould
fee ahlt to carry the point of taxation, and reduce us to
a ftate of perfeft htimiliation and flavery : Such arf
•entcrprize would doubtlefs make fome addition toVour
national debt, which already preffes ddwn your Iibei'-
ties, and fill* you with penfioners and placepen. — We
prefume alfo, that your commerce will fomewhat be di-.
njiniihi(| However, fuppofe you fhould prove viftori^
ous — in what condition will you then be?* What ad-
^*^^^8(B|<^' what laiu-els will you reap from fuch acoii-
queft?
May not a minlftry with the fame armies cnflave
>u ? — It fliiay be faict, you w'dl ceafe to pay them j —
jut remember the taxes from America, the wealth, and
we may add, the men, and particularly the Roman Ca-
diolibks of this vaft continent will then be in the power
of your enemies— nor wiU yo0i hare aiiy rcafon to ex-
C pedt
mi
\\i
£01
ut
0:
-WM^-*
,^,s*».
t t6 ^
P^'^'t^at a/»r making flaves of us, maHf amoiur u
' SSe '^ ^^ ii^rcducing you to tlie ikme a^«a
♦T.?°i,Tr "^' '^'' ^ chimerical iUow that in left
than half a century the quit-rents referved to tjiecrowni
from the numberlefs grants of this vaft continent, wiH
pour large ilreams ofweaith into the royal coffers, an4
If to this be added the power of taxing America at pjea-
lare, the crown will be rendered independent on yon
forfupplie&,,and WJU poffi-fs more treafure than ma»
t)c neccffary to purchafe the remains of liberty m
your lilaftd.— In a word, take care that you do not^dl
into the pit that is preparing for us.
We bclieye there is yet much virtue, muchjuftice^
*nd much pubUc fpirit in the English nation— To that
juftice we now appeal. Ym have been told that we ar«
yditKHis, impatient of government, anddofiious of in-
yependenqr, Beaffuredthatthefearenot fa6b, but ca-
lumnies— Permit u$ to be as free as yourielves, and w«
Wl ever efteema«nmion with you jq b^ ourgreateft
floryandwgr^atefthappinefs; we Ihall ever be isea-
y to contribute all in our power to the welfare of th»
empire — we fball confider your enemies as ow ememies
awd your intereft as ow own. *
iutif youare4eteraiined that your mijiilbn ihall
l^antonly fport with tHe rights of mankind.-Jf neither,
tbevwceofitiylice, the dilates of the law, the prin-
ciples of the conftitution, or the fugeHions of huraaiuty
can reftraiii your hands from fftedtOng hun^n blood ii*
inch an impious caufe, we muft then tell you,'*at we
never will fubmit to be hewers of wood or droits of
water for any miniftry or nation in the world.
Place us in the fame fituation that we yUet^M^ the
clofe of the laft war, and our foimer harmonylvill be
feAored.
But left the famefupinencfs and the fame inattention-
to our common intsereft, whichyou have for feveral yeara'
ihcWR, fhould continiie, we diint it prudent to an^*
p^e the cuniequences. ii .
By the dcftrulUoaof the trade ofiJoAon, theminiilry
v^ have
'^ijt.
■^^>%j^ J
iiig'-'*''-"iwmrii
-^^ .Jw*^
Photomount
Panvnhli
among; li
iameabjed
thatinleis
(tjiccrownj;
anenn, wiU
o&xs, aiul
icaatpiea^
ent on yon
than may*
liberty »
do not .^
icbjuftke^
-- TotM
kat we ar«
it>us of in*
ks, but ca.
3s« and wft
IT greatdk
er DCKea-
re of the
eacmkSf
Hen ihalf
[f neichei^
theprUi-
liumamty
blood ia'
"Hiat we
•s of
9^ ^
r will be
ittentionr
ral years
B aasci* •
miniilr)!!^
Jiave
t i7 I
Bavft tndeavoined to induce ftsbmifTion to their mea-
fures. — The like fate may befall us all, we will endea-
vour therefore to live without trade, and recur for fub« ^
iftence to thse fertility and bounty of our native foiU""
which will afford us all the nece^Taries and fome of the
covemences of Hfe. — We have fufpended our importa-
tion from Great-Britain and Ireland; and in lefs than a'
jears^s time, unlefs our grievances fhodd be radrefled,
i%all difcontinoe our exports to thofe kinedoms and the
Weft-Indies.
It is with the ntmoft regret however, that we find
ourfelves compelled by the over- ruling principles of
fclf-jprefervation, to adopt meafuresdeirimenxal in their*
confequences to numbers of our felloV fubjefti in Great-
Britain and Ireland. But we hope, that the magnani-
mity and juftice of the Britiih nation will furnifh a par-
liament ot filch wi^iom^ independence and public spirit,
as may fiive the vidated rights of the whole em|iill%
irom the devices of wicked minifters and evil counf^l-
lorsj whether in or out of ofiice» and theiebjr reftore
that Jharmony^, fiiendfliip and fraternal alFedidn be-
tween all the inhabitants o£ his Majefty's kingdomi
and territories^ f<MyxieaUy wiihed for hf every pomeSt
aad troe American,^ '^
T^ €m^: thtu r^fitmU tSi cmfiinratioH tfthi mM9^\
riidt9thiinbaiitaiits ofthi Britif^ eeloniesi andiht'fi^'L
hdngithe^tdhypara^afbirond amnd^yHmtapffiiti^ -
tmdis mftlkw$'"-' *
To th INBABITJNTS of th COtONmttfNm^
Bampfnrt, MaftUbufetu-Bay^ Rhod^-IJldnd and Frovi-
de^P^jOuhk^il CmneaicutyNewTork, JVotv-T/t-
f^t^f^lvanidt tht Counties of Kent and Sm^ o» ^
Dei^mmfi Matyland, P'irgimt Nmh-CmMtUi, tmi'
Souit^B^olina,
framaSi
w
SrSKb and FtiUw Ceunttymen,
E, the Delegates appointed by the |{bod -jjeople
of the above c<^nies, to meet at r'hiladelphia
in September laft, for the pur^ofes mentioned by, our '
ref^Cdve conAU«eats> have, in purfiiance of the irtUl
*- - Q z repofed.
'«2^
w.
""■ff f'."'*^"
y-
r::
ik^f ^
[28. ]
tept^id in u$, aiTembled^ and taken into our moft fttl-
ous confideration^ the important matters recommended
to the Congrefs. Our refolutioas thereupon will be
herewith communicated to you. Eut as the fituaticm of
public affairs grows daily more and more alarming j
and as it may be more fatisfaftory to you to be inform-
ed by us in a colle£Uve body, than in any other man-
ner, of U»ofe fendments that have been approved, upon
a full and free diCcufllon, by the reptefentatives of fo-
great a part of America, weefteem owfelves obliged to^
add this addref^ to thefe refolutioas«
In every cafe of oppofiUon by a people to. their ru-
lers, orox oneftate to anpther, duty to- almighty God,.
the creator qf al|, Squires that a true and impartial
judgment be formed of the meafures leading to fuch
oppoiitibn ; aad of the cauiis by which it has beea
provoked, or can in any degree be julHiied — That^
iwither uffefUon on the oae hand, nor refentment on
the other,, being permitted to give a wrong bias ta
reafon, it may, be enabled to take a difpaflionate view
of all the circumftances, and fettle the public condu^
en the folid foundations of wifdom and juitice.
. From councils thus tempered ,^ ariiit tile fwefthopes-
of the divine favour, the nrmeft encouragement to the
p$rciec engaged, and the ilronj^^ recom.mendadon of
U^eir caufe, to the reft of mantond.
, With minds deeply imphliled by a fpaCe of thefb
truths, we have diligently, deliberately, and calmly
inc^iired into, and cbnfidered thofe exertions, both of
die legiflative and executiv^^ power of Gireat-l^ritain,
which have excited fq much uneafinefs. in America ;. and
have, with ebtiat fidelity andatt^tion, confidlred the
cbndu£l of the colonies, tlpon the wholelfN, imd
oiirfelves reduced to thjb difa^rceable alternatiujJLof be-
ing filent and betraying the innocent ;, or oSpiking
out, aiid cenfuring thoffe- we wilh to revere— -In mak,-
ing otir chflice of thefe diftreflvig difficulties, weprefhr-
thecourfe diftated by hpncfty, and a regard for the
•welfare of our country.
Soan after the conclalion of the late wAr> there com?
Qience^i
^
%
<<
amended
n will be
iiaticm of
[arming ;
i mform-
lier man-
ned, upon
fes of Co
ibliged to
-f ■■ _»
:heir ru-
KtyGod^
impartial
I to fucK
has been
— That^
ment on
I bias ta
ate view
: condu^
eft hope&.
nt to the
dajdon of
of thefe
d calmly-
, both of
-l^ritain,
dca^-and
ibred th<9
pe find
Kf be-
nakr
vej>reitr-
I, for the
.ere com?
J ^
f «9 I
mtacod &mem&rabla change in the treatment of thefe
colonief By a ftatutc made in the fourth year of the
prefent ign, a time of profound peace, alledging
** the expediency of new prbviiibha and reflations for
extending the commerce between Great-Britain and his
Majefty's dominions in Alherica, and the neceflky of
raiiing- a revenue in the faid dominions^ for dejBraying
the expences of defending,, proteSih^ and fecurinof
the fame," the commons of Great-Bntain undertoOK
to give and grant to his Majefty, many rates and du---
ties, to be paid in thefe colonies. To enforce the ob"
fervance of this a£t, it prefcribes a great number of
ievere penalties and fbrfeitares ; |nd m two iefBoHSy
makes a remarkable diftini^on be^een the fubjeds in
Great'-Britain aodthofein Anierica. By the one, the
penaltips and: forfeitures incurred there, ate to be re*
covered iir any of the Kine'a Courts of Record at Weft-
sninfter, or in thecouit of £xchequer in Scotliind ; and:
hf the others the penalties and fcnfeitures incurred'*
here,, ate to^ recovered in anycouri: of Record, or in
any court of admiralty or vice-admiralty,, at the eiec-
tioB.of the informer or phxfecotor.-
The inhabitants of theie colonies confiding in tho
JuiMee 6f.Great>Brit^n» were fcarcely allowed fuffiei-
ent time to receive and confider this afbj . before aAo^''
ther, well known by the name of the ftamp-adt, and
paAed in the fifUi yearof this reign, engrolTed their
whole attention; By. this ftatute, the Britifti Purlin-
mcnt exerdfed in thf moft explicit ttmiMtrr a power
of taxing us^. and extending the jurifdit^on of courta
ufcdmiralty and vice-admiralty in .he colonies, to mat-
ters ariiing within the body of- a county, directed the
niQuenKis penalties and forfeitures,, thereby infiided^,
to be recovered in the faid courts.-
• In ther fanw year, a tax was impofed upon us, by
an a£t, eftabiiihin| feveral- new feeft*^tK|J|iie cuftoms..
In the next year, the ftamp-ad was repfeaM ; not be-
catife it was founded in an erroneous principle, but,. as
tbii repealing a£t recites, becaufe ^* The con;ijiiuanc«
lh«reof would be attenf^'»'i with many incouvciuencies,
^v*«- ♦v C- 3 and.
tv:
|s
1'
4
■*■' "^' f JO i
md miteht be produAive of confequencci gready dietri-
Mental to the commercial imereft of Great-Britain.
In the fameycjir, and by a fubfecfucnt aftsj it was.
declared, *^ th»t WsMtijfciVy in parliament, of right,,
had power to bind the people of thefe colonies by fta-
tutes m all cafes whatfoever."
In the fame year,, another aft wat^ paffisd, for imr
pofme rates and duties payable ia theic colonies. In*
this ftatute the commons avoiding the terms, of eivinjj
and granting ** humbly bcfought his Majeft}r, that it
might be enafted, &c." Bnttroma deelaration in thfr
preamble, that the rates and duties were " in lieu or'
fevcral otlxers granted by the ftatute firft before menti-.
onedfor raifing a- revenue,, and fipom fome other cx-
preffions, it appears, that thcfc duties, were intendeds
fer that purpofe.
In the next year (1767) an aft was made «'to en-,
able his Wfejefty to put the cuftoms and. other duties im
Amcrica,und«r i^e toanagemont of commilfioners,&c."
and the King thereupon «reaed the prefcnt expenfive^
board of commiffioners, for the cxprefs purpofir of car-,
rying into execution the fevgrju aais relating to the re-
venne and trade in America. - / ,
After the repeal of the ftamp-aft* havmg. again re-.
figttwl ourfelves to our ancient unfufpioous af|c£lion».
(0t the parent ftatc^, and anxious to avoid,any contro--
verfy vwth her,, in^hopes of a. favourable aUeradon in*
fentiracnts and: meafures towards us, we didnotprefs
our objedions. againft the above-mentioned ftatutes,
made fubfequent to. that repeal*
Adminiilration attributing to trifling caufes,. acon--
dua that really proceeded from rgenerotts motives^ were
cnfourageilin the fame year («767) to make a bolder^
experiment on.the patience of America,
By a ftatute commonly called; the glafs^. paper,, and
teaaa, mad^Jifteen^ months after the repeal of the
ftamp^aft, the commonsi)f Gjeat-Bntam rdumed their
ft»rmer language,, and again undertoolc to *^ give anc^
erant rates and duties to be paid m thefe colomes,
£r thtcacgref* fiorgofs. of" i:aiu»g.aj:5yfijiue,, to.dc-»
» 1 '
Photomount
^a|f
"1/
'.
-1^
t n 1
frj^y the cHar|e» of the admimftrfttion. of jui)tce, tK0
Apport of civU 'government, and defending the King**
dominions," on this continent. The penalties and
forfeitures,, incurred under this ftatutc^ are to be reco-
vered in die fame manner, with thofe mentioned in the
ibregoing a&s.
1^ this ftatute, fo naturally tending to difturb the
trauquilitv tht auniverfal throughout the colonies, par-
liament, m the fame feflion, aadcd another no lefs exr
traordinary..
Ever fmce the making the prefent peaccj a {tand<-
ihg army has been kept in thefe colonics. From re*
{]lea for the mother country,, the innovation* was ont
only tolerated, but the provincial legiftatures general-
1/ made provifion for fuppl^ing* the troops.
Theafembly of the province of New -York, Having
pftffed an' aflt of this kind, but differing in fome arti«
cks, front the diredions of the ad of parliament mad«^
in the fifth year of this reign , the- houfe of reprefenta-
ttves in that colony was prohibited by a ftatute made-
in the feflions laft mentioned^ from making any bilU,
order, refolution or vote j except i)r adjoui-ning or
choofing afoeaker, until provifionmoulifr be made by;-
the (aid aUemWy,, for furnilhing the*, troof^ witWll-
that province, not only, with all fuch neeeilarie« ill
were required by thellatute^ which they were charg*
ed with difobeying> but alfo with thofe required by
two other fubfequent ftatutes, which were dcelar.ed to^
be in force until the twenty-fourth day of March,,
Thek ftatutes. of the year 1767*, revived the appre-
hwifion* and difcontents, that had entirely fubfided.;
on the repeal of the ftamp-ail ; and amidft the juil
fears and jealoufies thereby occafioned, a ftatute was
made in the next year- (1768) to eftablilh courts, of
admiralty and vicie adnriraliy, on- a new m^del, ex^
grcfsly for the end of more effeaually recovering the-
Penalties and forfeitures inflifted by ads of parliament,,
amedfor the £ur£dfs. of railing a rsvenue in Ame-
Xhfr
il
H
,> -'^}\e ntnimdiate tendency of thefe ftatutei is, t*
fuDveit the right of having a (Ham in tegiilation, b/
endering a/Temblies uielefs; the right of property, by
taking the tnQney of the colbnifts, without their cott*
fent;. the right of trials by jury, by fobiUtuting in<
thdir place trials in admiralty and vice admiralty
courts, where dngle judges preude; holding their com«
miifion»^during pTeaiure; and unduly to influence the
couits of common law, by rendering the judges tbere-
t>f totally dependent on the crown, for their falaries,.
.Thefe ihuutes, not to mention many Others exceeds
ingly exceptionable, compared. one with- another,, will
be found, not only to form a regular fyftem, in which
every part has a great force, mitalfo a pertinadotu
adherence to that lyJ^m,. for fubjugating thefe colo-
nies,, that are not, and from local circumftances, can-
not be reprefented.in Uie houfe of commons, to the un-
controulable^ and unlimited power of parliament, in
violation of their undoubted rights and liberties, in^
contempt of their humble and repeated fupjpilications.
This conduct muft appear eoually aftonifliing and.
linjuftibk, whc;n^ is confidered how un}>rovok<qd it^
has been by ^any oehaviour of thefe colonies* Erom;
their firft &ttiemiPflt, their bittereil enemies never fix-
ed on any, of them a charge <^ diflc^alty to their fove-
reign, or difafFe£tion to Uieir mother cototrv. In the
ivars Qie has carried on,, they ha /e exerted tnemlelves,
vfhenever required, in giving her aiEilance ; and have
rendered her (ervices, which ihe has publickly acknow*
ledged, to be extremely important. Their fidelity,
duty, and ufefhlnefs, during the laft war, were fn-
qu^tly and affedionately confeiTed, by has late Mz*^
je%? aiid the prefent King.
The reproaches of tho^, who are moll unfriendly
to the freedom of America, are principally levelled a»
gainft the province of Maffachufetts-Bay ; but with
what little reafbn, will a^ear by the following decla-
rations of a perfon, the truth of whofe evidence,- in
tteir favour, will not be quellioned- -Governor Ber-
Bardthtt^addrefiet the two hoofesoTail^mbly — in%
fpceds!
MA ■
■'«'
:%t:
1^^., -^^v^#il#>..^'
Photomount
Pamphlet
^
[ 33 ]
fteech onthe 24tlv of April, 1762,--^' The anammi-
ty and difpatch, with which you have complied with
Jhe requiiuions of his Majefty, require my particula»,
acknowledgment.' And it gives me additionarplea-,
fare to obferve, that you have therein atted under no ^
other influence than a due fenfe of your duty, bo ha*,
members of a general empire, aad as the body tf »,
particular ptovmce."
In another Ipecch, on the 27th ofMay, in the fame,
year, he (ays,— " Whatever (hall be the event of the
war,* it muft be no fmall faiisfaaion to us, that thjs
province hath contributed its full fharc to the fupport
of it. Every thing that hath been required of it, hath
been complied with ; and the execution of the powers,^
committed to me, for raifmg the provincial tioopf»
bath been as full and complete as the grant of them.
Never before were regiments fo eafiJy levied, fo well
compof^d, and fo early in the field as they have been,
this year; the common,people feemedto be animated
with the fpirit of the general court, and to vie vfith
them in iheir readinefs to ferve the Kinjg."
Such was the condua of the people of the Maflachu-
fotts-Bay, during the laft war. As to their behaviour
before tha<^ periotf, it ought not to have been, forgot la
Great-Britain, that hot only on every occaflon, they
had conftantly and cheerfuUy complied with the fre-
ouent Toyui requifitions— but that chiefly by their vi-
gorous efforts,. Nova-Scotia was fubdued m 1710, and:
Louifljoiirg, in 1745. 1 , *j " a- j/
Foreign quarrels being ended, and the domeftic dil-
turbancS, that quickly fucceeded,^ on account of the
ftamp-aft, being quieted by its repeal, the ^mbly
of Maflachufetts-Bay tranfmittcd an humble addrefsot
thanks, to the King, arid divers noblemen, andCoon
after p^fl*ed a bijl for granting, compenfation tQ m
fufl«rers in the diforder occafioned by that ad. '"'
Thefe circiimffances,. and the following extrafts irom
j&om Governor Bernard's letters, in i7(^,^ the Bart
oC Shelburne^ fecretary of ftate, clearly ftiew, with
what grateful tejiderncft they ftrove ta bury p oblm-
7-
^
#
f 34 I
o» the ttnhnppj occafion of tb<s hfte difconis; mnrf
with whatrefoeaful reludanr" they eli(kavoim»d to c.
fcapc other fubjeas of future controverfy. "The houfe
(fajr, the Governor) from the time of opening the-
feffion, to this day, hatlhewa a difpofitin to avoid
.. « i 'T^ ''i't "^^ ^""^ '^"^ *"^»»« P*^ with*
as much good huiyiour as I coald defire, except only.
their continuing to aA in addreOing the Kinir. ni
monftrating to the fecretary of ftate, andemployxne
a feperate agent. It is the importance of this inn<^
vatioa, wuhout any wilfulnefi of my omm, which.
induces me to makfc this araonftrance at a time
. ^^fr J^^^*^»f^\P«>0>ea of having, in all other
bufinefa nothing but good., to fay of the proceed.
••mgs of the houfev"* t ^*^
••They have afted in aU things, even in their re-
monftrance, with temper and moderation ; they
have avoided fomc fufijefts of difpute. and have
" Sle * . **?,^" ^^ removing ibme caui^i ©f former
"I ihall make fuch & prqdcnt and propcp ofe of
• thi» letter, as, I hope, will perfeaiy reftoie the
peace and tcanquility oCthis province, for which
purpoTe confiderable fteps have bet» made by the
•« houfe of reprefentatives.'*! ,. ' ,
The vindication of the province ol^ ^iflWittierts-
Say, contained m thefe letters, wUl have greater
loro^, if It be confldered^ that they were witten fe*
vpral months after the frefli alarm given to the ooloniea
by the itatntes paffifd in the preceding year.
In thi»pJace it feems proper to take notice oi the in-
finuatio»in one of thefe ftatutes, that the interferenceof
l|oveninient^ and defending the £iA£'
" minions m America.'*
Ar to the two firft articles of expence, every colony
had made filch provifion, as by their refpedivc aflem-
miim
bli^s
iaM«N»*
I II. 1 1 a . wi
• ^ II, 1768, t7«r, jp, 1368. J/V^2, 176I.
:
-^■
f^!'
^-v**
^> /«.;
Photomount
Pamphlet
f -•>
r J5 ]
h&f, tlie bcA judges on fnch oceafions, wat tkooght
expcidMiM, and fiiitable to dieif feveral circumilances.
Hefpedlinff the kR^ it is i/ell known to all men the letft
Acquainted with American affairs^ that the coloniet
were eftablilh^, and have generally defended theni-
felves, without the ieaft i^iTiftance from Great-Britain ;
«nd, that at the fame tim» of her taxing them by thte
Aatiites before mentioned, mt/ft of them were labour-
ang under very heary debts contraded in the lail war.
So for were they from Iparing their money, when
4heir ibvereign, conititution&lly, alked their aids, thit
during the courfe of that war, parliament repeatedly
made them compenfatiuns for the expence; of thoie.
Arenuoos efforts, which, confulting their zeal rather
than their ftrengfh, tbey had cheernilly incurred.
Severe as the afts of narHament before mentioned
are, yet the conduct of adminiflration has been equally
injurious, and irritating H this devoted country.
Under pretence of governing them, fo many new
Inftitutions, uniformly rigid amfdangerous, have been
introduced) as could only be expefted from incenTed
xnafters, for colle^ing the tribute, orratlier the plun-
der of conquered provinces.
By anorderof the King, the authority of the com-
mander in chief, and under him, of the brigadiers
general, in times of peace, is rendered fupreme in all
tne civil governments in America^ and thus an nn-
controulable military power is veiled in officers, not
known to the conilitution of thefe colonies.
A large body of troops, and a confiderable armament
of ^ips of war, have beeni fent to aj^^ in taking theur
money without their confent.
Expenfive and ojppreffive offices have been mnltir
plied, and the ads of corruption induAriouily pra^fed
to divide and deilroy.
The judges of the admiralty and vice-admiralty
courts are empowered to receive their falaries and fees
from the efle^b to be condemned by themfelves 5 the
commiffioners of die cuftoras are uifipowered to break
Civil magiilrate founded on legal inJS^auottr
r 5 I l^l
1-^
i 1
-tF-
»r'
f
w
[ 36 1
Judges of courts of common law have hitm hiadc eft -
tlrely dependent on the crown, for their commiffions
and falaiics.
A court has been cftabliftied at Rhodc-Ifland, for tbe
purpofe of taking colonifts to England to be tried.
Humble and reafonable petitions from the reprefen-
tatives of the people have been frequently treated with
contempt ; and airemblics have been repeatedly and
arbitrarily diiTclvcd.
From fome lew inftances it will fufficicntly appear,
•n what pretences of juftice thofe diflblutions have been
founded. .
The tranqtiility of the colonies havme been again
cUfturbed, as has been mentioned, bv the ftatutes of
the year 1767, the Earl of Hiliborough, Secietary of
iatc, in a letter to Governor Bernard, dated April 22,
1768, cenfures the ** prefumption" of the houie of re-
prefentatives, for ** relolvi% u^on a mcafure of fo in-
ilammatory a nature, as that of writing to the other
colonies, on the fubjeft of their intended reprefenta-
tions againft fome late afts of Parliament," then de-
clares that, *• his Majelly confiders this ftep as evident-
ly tending to create unwarrantable combinations, to
excite ur.juftifiable oppofttion to the conftitntional au-
thority of parliament."— It is the King's pkafure,that
as foon as the general court is again affembled, at the
tim« prefcribed by the charter, you Ihould require of
the houfe of reprefentatives, in his Majefty's name,
* to refcind the refolution which gave birth to the circu-
lar letter from the (peaker, and to declare their difap-
probation .of, and diflentto that rafh and hafty pro-
ceeding." **' , , ■ , . t
" If the new afTembly ihould refufe to comply with
ills Majefty's reafonable expeftation, it is the Kings's
pleafure, that you Ihould immediately diffolve them."
This letter being laid before the houfe, and the re-
folution not being refcinded according to order, the
affembly was dilTolved. A letter of a funilar nature
was fent toother Governors to procure reiblutions ap-
proving the condaa of the repreicntaxivcs of Maiia-
chufctt5-Bay,
p-i^^
Pamphlet
niffions
fortl»e
prefen-
ed with
lly and
appear,
ve been
n again
uutes of
:tary of
J ml 22,
e of re-
of fo in-
he other
>refenta-
then de«
evident-
tions, to
onal au-
furejthat
J, at the
:quire of
*s name,
he circu-
:ir difap-
afty pro-
jply with
je King*«
them."
id the re-
rder, the
[ar nature
tions ap-
)f Maffa-
fctts-Bay,
*
t r7 1
^ttft(ti.W> to be rt/dndtd9!i(oi and the houfei of
repreientativcf in other colonic! rcfafing to comply* ai-
fe»iWi«»werediffolvid. * .. t. .t.i.
Thefe mandates fpoltc a Itngaage, to which the
«trt of EngHfli fubjefts had for fcveral generation^
been ftrangeri. The nature of aflcmbliei impUts a
•ower anf right of deliberation j but thefe command!^
Srofcribing the cxercife of judgment on the nroperty of
the requifitioni made, left the aflembliei only the elec^ .
tion \>etween dilated fubmifion, and the tKrettened
pimifhment. A puniflmient too, founded on no orhcr
gk, than fttch at is deemed innocent even in flavei—
df agreeing in /itititnt for redrefiof grievances, that
•quSly a*ae<t alL , . , ' r
The hoftile and unjnftifiable invafion of the town of
BoAon, foon followed thefe events in the fame year;
though that town? the province in which it is fituatcd,
and ail the colonies, from abhorrence of a conteft with '
their parent ftjitc, permitted the execution even of thofo
ftatutes, againft wlikh they fo unanimoufly were com-
«Uttning» remonftraOng mi faDplkating. _
Adimmfcatioa/ deiermmed to fuMue a fpirit of
freedom, which EngUfliminitersihould have rt^iud^
therilh, entw«dintoamonopoUfing<^mbination with
the Eaft-India company, to (end to this continent vaft
duantiiies of tea, an article on which a duty was Uid
by a ftatute, that, in a particular manner, attacked
the liberties of America^ and which therefore,- the in-
Kabiunts of ^cfe colonies had refolved not to import.
■ The cargo fent to South-Cardina was ftored^ and not
illowed to be fold. Thofc fent to Philadelphia, and
New- York, were not permitted to be landed^ That
fent to Bofton, was deftroyed,*becattfe Governor
Hutchinfon would not fuiEsr it to be returned.
On the intelligence of thefe fjranfaitions arriving in
Great-Britain, the public fpirited town laft mentioned
Ivas ftngled out for de'bmftion, and it was determined*
the province it belongs to Aiould partake of hit fate.
In the laft feffion of Parliament, therefore, were paf-
fed the a€ti fgf (hutung up the port of Bofton, indcm-
<>s I
%
i k
'. 1
1
II
j^y.lril-.JH. i^ijS.!£=.-
:^.
^— ^,
«
..iT-
1^1
nifying the murdertrs of the inhabitants of Mtffiichft^
fette-Ray. and changing th«ir diartered conftittilioa of
government : To intorce thefobfts, that provmctu a-
Jain in vaded» by a ^eet aftd army. • r m -
^ To mention thefe outrageous proceedings, is luttc^
cnt to explain them. For though it is pretended*. thW
■the province of Maffachttfett«.Bay, has h^aiiptrticulwj.
'ly difrefpeaful to Gr^at-Britain, yet in truth the be-
haviour of the people, in other cotenics, has been *»
equat *f oppqmor^'to the power affumed by |>ajh^
merit." Noft^, however, has befnrttakoi again any
of the reft. This artfill -condua cooccaie.feveraVdft-
• figns% It is expeaed. that the wrAviace of MaffacRi*-
fetts-Bay, will be irritated into ibme vioknt >aa©i|,
that ifiay diteai<i t^« ^"^ '^^' (iontiricbt, orlthat
may induee the people of Great-Britain, to fipprolte
the meditated vengeaAcc of an imprudtnt :and ^pi-
rated miniftfy.- '■■ ■ ■' -■•^■2"'^'^''^-±
- If the undcampled pacific temper of that, vxmxmt
'Jhall dHappmnt this part of th«i plan, it ^. nopMt.2e
other colonies will be fo far inttmidatcd'^s, w tlefft
thdr brethren, fHffering iii a common canfe, Ja4 »Mi*t
^thusdilunitsd, all «wy be ll*bat^^.^ ; n^/ ,rael;^-!
To promote thefe defigns, another meafure has be^
purfued. In the feffion of parUameiu laft in«ntlpft.ejl,
-nn aa was palled, f(*. changing ^hj ^vemmm ^f
Quebec;, by^ which aA th« Roman Caihpbc jfellgip*.
ihTteadof being tolerated, as. ftipulated fa? ^fV^%Y
of peace, is eftabliihed ; and the pco|) fe thttrc d«|Srivjd
of their right t» ail affeiiibly, <wsd» by jJiOT^ ai»J «he
ETiKlifh laws in civil CafeS abolilhed ,and m^ead^hci^p-
of, the Freneh laws eftabliftlid;: m diref^ yieVttiott of
• hii. Majefty's promife* .by Hs rftyal f nxih^atioi^ wa-
der the iftith of which many EngliHh fntojeds fettledin
•- that pwvince ; ahd the «mits of that FOY"**^* *f 5?"
tended, fd as to edmpr^^ftd th^ Vaii.rc|io6|!, t^ie
' adjoining to ttie ^rthcraty»iah^ welfearafy |)awiiteries
. of thci^ colonies. o ii oJ J:^&^
-< The authors of tails arbitrary arrangenwjit Jat|cr
thcfttfelves, tliat theifthabimts, depa«fd.of i»beny.
v_
Pamphlet
!
and artfully proyoked againft thofe of another reKgion,
will be proper Wilri^ntnts for aflifting in the oppreflion
of fuch, as di^ei; ^om themjii i^c^apfgaveninienc
andAith. ,.,;.?. .r. .. ;' V.'^-"'",,': • - *^^.:^.^'
. Fjom the detail oFfaashefein before recited, as weR
as from authentic intelligence received, it is cl^ar te^
y^dadoubt, that ^ {;cf3uti(Mi is formed, and .now is'
carrying into execution, ta extingulfh the freedom of
thefe colonies, by fubjeding them to a defpotic go-
vernment., .-j). .4 ;,'
At this unhappy peno'd, we have been authorized
and direded to meet and confnlt together for the w«l-
fj4»c of our (jommca <X)untry. We accepted the import
t^nttruft with diffidence, but'fiave-'endeavDured to dift
charge it vifi^^ integrity- ji'l'^ougft :*>«! ftfite of thefe
colonics wo^ldijeirtainjy iuiUfy ouier meafares than we
havcadvifcd; jret weighty xealbna determined us to
prefer thofe which we have adopted. In the firft place,
at- appeared to us a con dud becoming the charader
^efecolonks have ever fuftained, to per%rro, even in
ttie midH cf the unnatural diftrdfes and' imminent daa-
gcrs that furw^d them, every ad of loyalty j and
therefore, we were induced to offer once hiore to his
K4^yV^^'^^"W* of l»w faithful and oppKeffedfub-
jeds in America. Secondly,, regarding with the tcOr
der affedion, which we know to be fo univedal among
our countrymen, the people of the kingdom from whi3l
we derive oim- original,, we could not forbear to regu-
late our fteps by an expedation^f receiving £aU con-
vidion, tl^at the ccionafts arc equally dear to them. Be-
tween thefe. p?fl|i-injcesj|n4tKat body fubfifts the fecial,
band, which wis ardently vnik may »we/ be diffolvcd,
and which canmf be diiTolved, until their minds ihall
become indifpittahly hojlih^ or thein inatttntion fliali per-
mit thofe who are thus hoftile, to perfift in profecuting
with the powers of the realm, the deilrudivemeafurea
already operating againll the coloniils ; and in either
cafe, fhall rpduce the latter to fuch a fitultion, that they
ftiaJl be compelled to renounce every regard, but that
of felf-prefeyyation. Notwithllanding the vehemence
witl>
"u
m
¥■
L
[ 4« 3
wiA wkich tIFairs have been impelled, Aey havt npt
yet reached that fatal point. We do hot incline to ac-
celerate tlfiir motion, already alarmingly rapid v we
luive chofen a method of oppofition, that 4oes npt^te-
if ode a hearty reconciliation with our f«;llow citizens
'©n the otherjdc the Atlantic. We deeply deplore the ;
urgent neceflity tliat preffes us to tn immediate intdr-
roption of commerce, that may proyc injurious to
jthcm. We trnft they will acquit uS oi any unkind in-
t^entions towards them, by refleainf that we fubjea*
ourfelves to fimilar inconveniences j that we are driven
by the hands of violence into unexperience4,and unex-
pefibrd public convulfions, and tb wjear^ contendin|
fer live^om, fo often contended for by our anceftors.
The pcojS(Cof England will foon hive up opportuni-
fy of declaring their fentunents concerning our csiufe.
In their piety, gcncrofity, uul good fcnfe, we repofe
high confidence J and cannot, upon a rcyiew of paft
events, be perfuaded, that /%, tie defenders of true
religion, and the afferters pf the rights of mankind,
^if tidce part againft their affefitionate protefiant bre-
thren in the colonics, in favour oiimr^mAtbHrvttd
Jtcret enemies ; whofe, intrigwes, for fevpral yearf
part, have Uen wholly exerafed ip fapping the fouli:4
ithitions of dyil and religious liberty.
Another reafon, that engaged us topefcr the com-
mercial mode of oppofitibn, arofc from an aflurancti
that this mode will prove efficacious, if it be perfiftcd ii|
with fidelity and virtue ; and ^t your conou^l will be
influenced by thofe laudable principles, cannot be qnef^
tioned. Your own fdvatioil and that of your poftcrity
now depends ».ipon yourfclves. You have'ahtady
jhown that yop entertain a proper fenfeof thie bleffing$
you a^ ftriving to retain. Againft the temporary inr
conveniences ym may fuffer itom a ftoppage of trade^
-"^'ou will weien in the oppofitc balance, the endlefs mi-
feries you and ym^ dcfcendants inuft endure from an ef-
tablifhed arbitrary power. You will not fprget the
honour of your country, that muft from your behavi-
our take its title in the cftimation of the world, to glofr
t
i
J
irhflvf npt
cline tt> ac-
rapid I we
ies nptpit- '
ow citizens
deplore the*
dtate inter?"
njuriott» to
unkind in-
t we fnbjeft'
c are driven
i,and unex-
con tending
anceftors. ^
i opportuni-
l our canfe.'
, we repofe
yiew of paft
ieri of true
f mankind,
litefiant bre-_
sveral yearf
ng the twai4
fer the com*
an aifurancti
e periifted ii|
iduawillbe
mot be que^
our pofteritf
lave ' ahtady
theblefiings
Biporary inr
ige of trade^
i endlefs mi-
e from an ef-
fr forget the
your behavi-
rorld, to glflfr
:
'
Pamphlet
I 41 ]
ly, or to fliame ; and you will, wiA the decpeft tttet*^
Jion, reilea, that if thepeaceable mode of opj^tio»
recomniendcd by u», be broken and readerM ineffec-
tuava* your cruel and haughty minifteriarenentiie«#
from a contemptuous opinion of your finnQefs, i»faC\
Jently predi^ will be the cafe, you muft inevitably be^
Reduced to choofe, either a more dangerous conteft, or
^. final, ruK^us, and infamous fubmiffionp ' .^
Motives tbus'cogent ; arifing fron> the emergenqr ca
your unhappy condition, muft excite your utmoft dili*
gence and zeal, to give all poffiblc energy to the pacific
mcafurcs calculated for yoiir relief: but we think outi^
felves bound in duty to obierve to you, that the fchenes
jagiuted iugainft thefe colonies, have been fo cxl|dudedy
as to rendfej- it prudent, that you ihould e^tead your
iHiews to tl^ moft unhappy events and be in all ref^
pefts prepared (qr every contingencjr. Above all thing*
we earneftly entreat you, with devotion of fpirit, pent*
tence of heart, and amendment of life, to linmble your-
jfelves and implore the favour of Almighty God. And
we fervently befeech hb divine goodnefs, «• takft^roji
^to his graciQus prote^oiii
•#«^*
'«•
\)