s^. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I ■tt|2£ 121 [JO ^^ mH £ |u 12.0 11.25 il.4 iJ4 "V ^*^ a1^ .'»*' ^ ^WJ ^ '/ Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STHET WEBSTER, N.Y. MSSO (716)S7a-4S03 ! CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CiHIVI/iCIVIH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical I^Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques !.* Tttchnicai and Bibliographic Notaa/Notaa tachnic Tha Instituta haa attamptad to obtain tha baat original copy availabia for filming. Faaturaa of thia copy which may ba bibliographically uniqua. which may altar any of tha imagaa in tha raproduction, or which may aignificantly ehanga tha uaual mathod of filming, ara chackad balow. 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Las details da eat axamplaira qui sont paut-Atra uniques du point da vua bibliographiqua, qui pauvent modifier una image raproduite. ou qui pauvent exiger une modification dana la mtthoda normale de filmage sont indiqute ci-dessous. rn Coloured pages/ Psgaa da coulaur Pagea damaged/ Pagea andommagAas Pages restored end/oi Pages restaurias at/ou pellicultes Pages discoloured, stained or foxe< Pages dicolories, tacheties ou piquies Pages detached/ Pages ditachias Showthrough> Transparence Quality of prir Quaiit* InAgaia de I'lmpression Includes supplementary matarii Comprend du material suppMmentaire Only edition available/ Seule Mition disponible r~l Pages damaged/ I — I Pages restored end/or laminated/ rri Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ I — I Pages detached/ rjl Showthrough/ rn Quality of print varies/ |~n Includes aupplamentary material/ r~l Only edition available/ D Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc.. hove been refilmed to ensure the best possible Image/ Lea pages totalament ou partieilement obscurcies par un fauillet d'errata, une pelure, etc.. ont it* film*es i nouveau de fapon * obtanir la meilleure image possible. ciced below/ indiqu* ci-dessous. 22X 2tX 30X y aox 24X 28X 32X Th« copy fiimad h«r« ha* l»««n raproduead thanka to tha ganaroaity off: StmiiMry of Qutbtc Library L'ax Tha imagaa appaaring hara ara tha baat quality poaaibia conaidaring tha condition and lagibiiity of tha original copy and in Icaaping with tha filming contract apacificationa. piua dali coni ffilm< Original copiaa In printad papar covara ara ffilmad baginning with tha ffront covar and anding on tha laat paga with a printad or liluatratad impraa- sion, or tha back covar whan appropriata. 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Tha ffollowing diagrama llluatrata tha mathod: film Lon ropi do I at d'in illui 1 2 3 1 2 4 S L'«x«mpiair« filmA f ut raproduit gric* A la g*nAro«it4 d«: Mminair* dt QuMmc BiMiothkiiM Lm imagau suivantM ont M raproduitaa avae la piHa grand aoln. eompta tanu da la condition at da la nattatA da I'axamplalra film*, at an eonformit* avac laa conditiona du contrat da filmaga. Laa axamplairaa orlginaux dont la couvartura mn paplar aat ImprimAa sont fllmte an commandant par la pramiar plat at an tarmlnant aoit par la darniira paga qui comporta una ampralnta d'impraaaion ou d'illuatration. soit par la sacond plat, aalon la caa. Toua laa autraa axamplairaa originaux aont filmte 9n commandant par la pramiira paga qui comporta una ampralnta d'impraaaion ou d'lilustratlon at an tarmlnant par la darnlira paga qui comporta una talla ampralnta. Un daa aymbolaa aulvantt apparattra sur la darnlAre Imaga da chaqua microflcha, salon la caa: la symbola -^ signifia "A SUIVRE". la symbola ▼ signifia "FIN". Laa cartas, planchas. tablaaux, ate. pauvant Atra ffilmte i das taux da reduction diff Grants. Lorsqua la documant ast trop grand pour Atra raprodult an un saul cllchA. II ast film* i partir da I'angia aupAriaur gaucha. da gaucha i drolta, at da haut •» bas. an pranant la nombra d'Imagas nAcassaira. Las diagrammas suivants illustrant la mithoda. 2 3 8 6 ' Y \ii,K.U(i.^ Ca>' ' Yukon Bold Fields HANDBOOK OF INFORMATION ILLUSTRATED AND WITH MAPS AND CHARTS OF THE ROUTES ISSUED BY THE CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY CO. FOURTH EDI MONTREAL JANUARY 29th 1898 INDEX ^ " The Yukon District 3 Mining Camps and Settlements . . 6 The Climate 6 Winter Travelling 7 Products of the Land 7 Law and Order 8 How Placer Mining is Carried on 9 Quartz Mining, etc 9 Miners' Supplies 10 Transportation of Baggage and Supplies 12 Transportation of Dogs, Horses, etc 13 Canadian Customs Regulations 14 Free Miners' Certificates 14 How to reach the Gold Fields: — Stikine Route 17 Skagway Route 21 Dyea Route 21 Dalton Trail 23 St, Michael's Route 25 Edmonton Routes 2(> Prince Albert Route 27 Ashcroft Route 27 When to Start 28 Rates and Tickets 29 Steamship Sailings 29 Berths on Steamships 31 Canadian Mining Regulations 32 Alaskan (U.S.) Mining Regulations 3d FOURTH EDITION KLONDIKE i'AOB .. 3 .. 6 .. C .. 7 .. 7 .. 8 .. 9 .. 9 ..10 ..12 .13 .14 .14 .17 .21 .21 .23 .25 ..2(5 ..27 ..27 ..28 ..29 ..29 ..31 ..32 .35 AND THE YUKON GOLD FIELDS in the Far Ctinadian North-West and Alaska The Yukon district of the North-West Territories of Canada, in which the famed Klondike gold fields are located,comprises that vast stretch of country lying between the Arctic Ocean on the north, the I41st west meridian or international boundary line which separates it from the United States' territory of Alaska on the west, the northern boundary of the Province of British Columbia on the south, and the summit of the Canadian Rocky Mountains which divides it from the Mackenzie Basin on the east. The district is about 600 miles from north to south, by over 500 miles from east to west at its southern boundary, with gradually lessen- ing distances towards the north. Comparatively little is definitely known regarding this new and largely unexplored region, and while the information about the country, its resources and con- ditions, contained in the following pages, hai. been collected from the most reliable sources, it is only given to the public with such reservations as to its correctness in some particulars as the circumstances would seem to warrant, and additional and authen- tic information will be published in future editions hereof as procured. The bewildering stories from the Yukon, of marvellous dis- coveries of gold of untold richness, would seem almost incredible were they not substantiated by the official reports of reliable explorers and officers of the Canadian North-West Mounted Police, and by tangible evidences of their authenticity in the shape of immense quantities of gold, actually taken from the placers of the Far North, which have been brought out by returning miners. For the past few years the vast basin of the Yukon was reputed to be one of the most resourceful mining regions of the continent, but the actual results of exploration during the past twelve months have demonstrated that its bound- less wealth, startling in its immensity, far exceeds human con- ception and has never been surpassed in the world's history. THE GREAT GOLD BELT OF THE YUKON Nearly every home-bound steamer from Alaskan ports during^ the past summer and autumn brought its quota of miners who have made their pile, and, they say, millions of virgin gold await the fortunate men who have the hardihood and the courage to penetrate the unknown depths of the Yukon district. The great northern gold belt extends through this district southeastwardly into British Columbia, with a width, in places, of 100 miles. Rich strikes have been made at places over this large area, wherever prospected, and there is no reason to doubt that the diffusion of gold is general, the Klondike, in which the recent rich finds have so far been reported, being only a small section of the Yukon district. Mr. Wm. Ogilvie, the well-known Cana- dian Government explorer, whose reliability is unquestioned, is authority for the statement that untold wealth— almost fabulous in amount — is to be found in these new gold fields which are now attracting the attention of the whole civilized world. He says : " Gold has been found in a certain zone in British Columbia, running through the Cariboo and Cassiar districts. Project the axis of this zone northwesterly and we touch Teslin Lake, Hootalinqua River, Stewart River, Indian Creek, Tecoandike, Sixty Mile, Forty Mile, American Creek, Seventy Mile and Birch Creek. Now, it is highly improbable that, gold being found at ::ill these points, the intervenmg spaces are barren. Thus we may have a zone of upward of five hundred miles in length, some of it in Alaska, more of it in the Canadian North- West Territory, and much of it in British Columbia, which will yet be the scene of numerous mining enterprises, both placer and quartz, the latter practically inexhaustible. This country under more favor- able climatic conditions would be the richest and most extensive mining area in the world." New discoveries of marvellous richness are continually being made, speaking of which Mr. Ogilvie further says : " The character of the gold and the gravel in which it is found indicates to me that they are not the result of glacial action, but rather of natural erosion, and I would say that the mother lode is not far away from the placer mines in the neighboring mountains . The mother lode may not realize the expectations which the placers have raised, but I would not offer that as my opinion, for it is not my opinion . I believe we have a remarkably rich country there. I hav^ seen quartz assayed from $600 to $1,000 a ton. The great wealth will be taken out by the big operations of the quartz miners . The placer miner has shown the way, and will be as certainly followed by the other as he was at Juneau and in California. The big find at El Dorado is work- ing out two altogether opposite effects. It has caused the miner who has been putting up with the hardships of Alaska, as all that country is erroneously called, and who for years has been satisfied with gravel that paid ten cents to the pan, to quit work and curse his luck because he can't pick up $200 and $300 to the pan." Dr. Dawson, F.R. G.S., and director general of the Geological Survey of Canada, a recognized authority on mineralogy, after whom Dawson City, the centre of the recent gold discoveries, is named, says : " The entire range from the extreme end of South America to the Arctic is rich in minerals. About 40 years ago gold was discovered in Cariboo, which for its area was the banner mining district of the world till Klondike was discovered. Then Koote- nay, Omenica and Cassiar, all instance the trend of the discov- eries has been north west in a belt that runs practically from the British Columbia boundary to the Yukon. In all these districts placer mining has been followed in a greater or lesser degree by the discovery of quartz almost in exact proportion to the facility of access, and that these have not been worked extensively is due to the difficulty of getting machinery into the country, and not to any lack of ore." .... And again Dr. Dawson reports : " I consider the Yukon destined to be the greatest mining country the world ever saw. I anticipate that the recent dis- THE GREAT GOLD BELT OF THE YUKON coveries will lead to the development of quartz minings, in which is the staple wealth ot any mining country. Experienced prospectors have already found a number of valuable gold quartz discoveries in the Yukon district, and many more are sure to follow." Inspector Strickland, of the Canadian North- West Mounted Police, which preserve order in the Yukon district, in speaking of the Klondike discoveries, says : " There has been no exaggeration. I have seen nothing in the newspapers in regard to the richness of the field that is not true. Great strikes have been made, but the amount of gold is unlimited. There are hundreds of creeks rich in gold bearing placers, never yet entered by the prospectors. Of course, all the claims in the creeks now opened are taken up, but these are only beginnings, I believe, of much greater finds." But a small portion of this vast region has been explored, and a large tract ot gold-bearing country which affords un- bounded possibilities of further rich discoveries — the conditions and the character of a large portion of the district being similar Canadian Pacific Ry. Co's Steamship " Tartar" and to the Klondike — is still open to the prospector. With such an immense mineralized region, hardy and industrious men who are physically and financially fitted, and have the energy and resolution to face the privations and hardships incident to pros- pecting and mining ' ? this country, need not hesitate lest the field be fully occupied by others. There is ample room for thousands of practical miners, laborers, business men and capitalists, but few openings for professional men, clerks, bookkeepers, etc., as such. Notwith- standing the recent influx, reports are to the effect that any man willing and able to work in the Klondike need not be idle — the rate of wages varying from $10 to $25 per day, and doubtless similarly high wages will rule in other places when their wealth is established. Many work claims on shares even more profitably. A man, however, should not start for the Yukon with less than $500 or $600, besides his expenses to his destination and a good outfit and liberal quantity of supplies. Those who go should be prepared to stay a year or longer, and ordinarily during that time they have excellent chances of making money, with the possibilities of a fortune. 6 THE CLIMATE OF THE YUKON MINING OAMP8 AND SKTTLBMENTS The present principal centres of the Yukon are Dawson City, Forty Mile Post and Fort Cudahy in Canadian territory, Dawson City in the Klondike being the great central mining camp; but as discoveries are made new towns will spring up and probably be come important points. The Yukon's banks are dotted here and there with native villages and small settlements inhabited by traders, missionaries and Indians. There are stores, hotels and restaurants at the chief mining centres, and during the coming season these will doubtless be augmented to meet the increased requirements of new comers. THE OLIMATE Although comparatively little is known about the Yukon dis- trict, the experience of those who have lived there is that the cli* mate is healthy, the winters long and very cold, but so devoid of humidity that their intensity is not so keenly felt as would be imagined from the readings of the thermometer, and with a plenti- ful supply of suitable clothing can be made agreeable. The summers are short and hot. There a.e the long winter nights and the nightless summer days usual to an arctic region. The precise temperature for a whole year has been recorded by the officials of the Canadian Government in the vicinity of the Klon- dike, and is as follows : 1896 Month Lowest Temperature Highest Temperature January February March April May 68i° below zero 64i° 88" 26° •• (on 7th) 5° above zero 28 8° " 83° " (on 90th) 27° 4.8° " r below zero( on 6th ) 36° •' (on 30th) 44i° 3° below zero 32° above zero (on sotb) 40° " (on isthi 51i° " (on 18th) 63r 81° " (on 30th) 81° " (on iBt and 2ad) , une uly J V August September October November . . . December . . . 76° 63° 51° 22*° 10* The average temperature for the month of January, 1896, was 40.71° below zero, and for February, 35.42° below. In January, 1897, the lowest recorded temperature was 55.07° below zero, and it went under 50° below zero six times, and 40" below zero and under nine times. The highest recorded tem- perature in this month was 10" above zero. Compared with January, 1896, this shows the seasons are somewhat varying. In June, 1896, it sank three times just below freezing (32" above zero), and rose twenty-two times over 60" above zero, seven of which were over 70° above. In July it went below 40" above zero eight times, and over 70" above zero thirteen times. In August it went below 40" above zero thirteen times, and over 70" above zero seven times. In September it went under 40" above zero twenty-two times, and rose over 60" above six times. In November it was below zero twenty-three days out ot the thirty. 6 THE PRODUCTS OF THE YUKON ! The above record will f;ive those who intend to go to the Klondike a fair idea of the weather they must expect. It indi- cates an intensely cold winter, followed by a short spring, opening in May, and then a decidedly warm summer from June until Sep- tember, when a shortlived autumn soon changes to winter again. Mr. Joseph Ladue, the founder of Dawson City, furnishes the following information regarding the climate at that place : — " The summer opens about May 15. The ice goes down the river, and by June 1 no snow is seen anywhere. You can plant or sow grain there on May 16. The summer lasts from May 15 until Sept. 1. After the winter sets in on the first of .September, the cold comes gradually. In the months of September and Oc- tober the climate is fine. The month of October there is i^hout the same as November in the east ; after that everything is closed up. The Yukon river usually closes between the 1st and the 10th of November. It is not navigable after that time until the next spring." The belief that everything freezes &olid in the Yukon country is a great mistake, for the "glacier" which makes so much trouble in mining is simply the creek water or surface water from the hills, constantly running over and freezing, sometimes making a claim or even a whole creek a mass of ice seven to twentv feet deep in the spring. Men dress 7orth-west are very good until the thermometer drops below 40° below zero, when they are not safe. Warm mitts and a fur cap or hood complete the costume. One of the great dangers in winter is getting the feet wet, when a fire must be built immedi- ately and the footwear dried, to prevent freezing. Water boots of sealskin are worn in the fall and spring and sometimes in the winter to keep the feet dry . To the miner and prospector who has dodged snow-slides in the North-western States, the Klondike will have no great terrors, with the exception that the winter is colder and longer, but to the inexperienced who know nothing of roughing it, the Yukon offers many hardships, and those who have not grit and endurance should keep out of it. WINTER TRAVELLINQ IN THE YUKON Travelling and freighting in the Yukon in the past has been by dogs, but horses are now largely used. Last winter, however, when the rush to the Klondike from Circle City exhausted the supply of dogs, men pulled the entire distance of 360 miles with their grub and blankets, and three men made their way from Fort Yukon without tent or stove, although the thermometer marked at one time 63° below zero. Good train dogs are worth $100 in the fall and more in the winter time. PRODUCTS OF THE LAND, etc. The Yukon is not the desolate region that it has usually been pictured. It has a limited capacity for gardening, and in a few favored spots small quantities of barley and oats have been raised. A great part of the valley is clothed with forests of spruce, bireh and cottonwood, all of which are good for building pur- 7 mm PLACER MINING IN THE YUKON poses. The hills are covered with large trees, and in the valleys there is still better timber. One sawmill in Dawson City is already in operation, and next summer several others will doubt- less be established to supply the local demand for sawed lumber at greatly reduced cost from the present high prices. Coal is als(^ abundant in the vicinity of Dawson City and conveniently situated for mining. Some portions of the country abound in large and small game, but in the region about the Klondike and further east, there is little, if any, along the river except rabbits, ducks and geese in the spring of the year, with cariboo and a few moose and bear beyond the river, and bighorn (mountain sheep), and mountain goats on the sides of the highest mountains. Birds are scarce, but there are partridge and ptarmigan in some localities. Fishing is good, especially for salmon, which weigh up to 80 and 100 pounds, ani there are grayling, whitefish, lake trout and eels. Miners and others, however, should not rely on these resources to feed them. LAW AND ORDER Notwithstanding the remoteness of this new mining region, law and order are strictly maintained. Maior Walsh, a noted li,^»^46»»^*H' >mtfJK :^— ' ;,;i . s*^****^ ^'^' ■n^'f'sr'f'iC '% .«^^?5--«f^«£^»*«^*f. Landing Freight at Skagwav officer of the Canadian North-West Mounted Police on its organization some years ago, is administrator of the District and has a strong body of that semi-military force under his command. Courts of justice, registration and mine inspection offices have been established. The laws are impartially but rigorously enforced ; any attempt at lawlessness will be promptly repressed, as in any other part of Canada, and offenders severely punished. An adequate postal service is being provided, and the Canadian Government (it was recently stated by one of the Cabinet Ministers) has decided to furnish escorts for miners with treasure and, in the richer mineral districts, to create treasure houses, thus ensuring the safe-keeping of the gold stored, so far as police protection is concerned, and while it is on its way out of the country. Arrangements are also contemplated by the 8 i QUARTZ MINING Jleys ty is uubt- mber >al is ently mall east, and loose and s are ities. >and and hese fion, loted n its t and land, have }usly ssed, ihed. idian binet with .sure D far r out the Government for the disposal of gold by miners, at a fair value, by means of bills of exchange payable by any bank in the Dominion. HOW PLACER MINING IS CARRIED ON The open mining season is from two to four months, according to locality, but a great many of the miners spend their time in the summer prospecting, and in the winter resort to a method which is called " burning." They make fires on the surface, thus thaw- ing the ground until bed rock is reached, then drift and tunnel ; the pay dirt is brought to the surface and heaped in a pile until spring when water can be obtained. The sluice boxes are then set up and the dirt is washed out, thus enabling the miner to work advantageously and profitably the year round. In this way the complaint is overcome which has been so commonly advanced by miners and others that in the Yukon several months of the year are lost in idleness. There is almost continuous daylight from the middle of June until the early part of August, but in the depth of winter there is little more than three hours of daylight in the twenty-four. So that constant daylight tor a por- tion of the year and almost total darkness for another portion might very well create doubts in one's mind as to what portion of the day in either case should be given to sleep. In the sum- mer months it is possible for a miner to put in as many hours as he has the power to endure the physical strain. Constant day- light admits of several shifts of men being employed, and in this way mining operations may go on continuously throughout every hour of the day. Mr. Ogilvie thus describes the conditions of getting out placer gold as the work is carried on now : — " The valleys of the creeks are generally wide at the bottom and flat, being seldom less than 3(X) ft. to 400 ft. This is covered with a dense growth of underbrush and small spruce, with occasionally balsam, poplar, or cottonwood. Much of the wood is suitable for sluice-box purposes, which require boards at least 10 inches wide and 1 inch thick. The rest is all suitable for firewood, which is an important factor in developing the mines of this region. The mo^s and ice covering a space 8 ft. or 10 ft. long, by 7 ft. or 8 ft. wide, are cleared away from the surface, or a hole some 6 ft. long by 4 ft. wide is dug, and a fire built. During the night the ground is thawed to a depth of from 6 in. to 12 in. Next morning this thawed ground is pitched out and the process is repeated until the bedrock is reached, which is generally at a depth of from 15 ft. to 20 ft. About 1 ft. down we leave the vegetable matter, the alluvial deposits, and enter a stratum of coarse gravel, the gravel showing very little rounding or wearing. At the bottom of this, close to the bedrock, the pay streak is found, and is seldom more than 3 ft. in depth, the best paying part being immediately on the bedrock. This is not solid rock, but a mass of angular, broken rock lying, no dcubt, in its original location in space. Between these masses clay and fine gravel have become imbedded. Into this the miner proceeds a foot or more. Where the pay streak stops ? No one has yet ^one down to solid beds of rock, so we cannot say what might be found below the so-called bedrock. To burn the hole requires about three weeks' time and a good deal of labor." QUARTZ MINING, ETC. Quartz mining can scarcely be said to have commenced yet, but authorities unite in '^redic.ing that it will ultimately become the chief industry of the country. As conditions have hitherto been with lack of milling facilities, quartz had little value com- pa.ed with placer claims, and consequently was not sought. Prospecting for quartz and veins, too, is more difficult than for MINERS' SUPPLIES placer dtgfgings, the outcrops in the hills and mountains being generally covered with several feet ot debris or slide as well as by mops. A number of claims, however, have already been located — seven in the vicinity of Forty Mile and Dawson, where Mr. Ogilvie reports the existence of a mountain of low grade gold bearing ore ; two others about forty miles up the liver; another in Bear Creek ; one on Gold Bottom, which turned out on tests from $100 to $1,000 a ton ; and another about thirty miles up the Klon- dike River. Copper ore is also found in the placers and in the river banks and in the bars. The sedimentary coal-bearing deposits are also abundant and widespread, and it is claimed that gold-bearing conglomerates in geological age corresponding to those of South Africa, but of unproven richness, are found n several places. MINERS' SUPPLIES All sorts of advice and information are heard at every hand upon the subject of an outfit for a prospector headed for the Yukon. Up to the present time it has been necessary for gold seekers to take along their own supplies, but the conditions oi transportation and supply are so rapidly changing, owing to the marvellously great development of the country, that it is more than probable that during the summer of 1898 immense supply depots will . be established at the principal points which will furnish all necessaries, and save the prospector the trouble 01 packing them in himself. It would, however, be as well for those starting early in the spring to provide themselves with an outfit and supplies, which can be procured at lower prices than can be obtained outside of Canada from reputable dealers at Montreal, Toronto, Winnipeg, Vancouver, Victoria, or at any other whole- sale centre in Canada, and also at Prince Albert, Calgary, Edmon- ton, Kamloops and Ashcroft by those intending to travel by the interior overland routes. The following, prepared by men of experience, is given as a list of supplies required by one man for one year ; but if, as is usually the case, several men propose to travel together and work in partnership only a small portion requires duplication, and a tew of the articles may be entirely dispensed with where the building of boats is not required. Those who have never wintered in the arctic regions have no conception of the intense cold it is necessary to protect against. In pur- chasing an outfit it is necessary to remember that one is preparing for winter, not summer. —PROVISIONS— Apples,Evaporated 20 lbs. Racon(Fat) 200 lbs. Bakmg Powder ... 10 lbs. Beef Extract Idoz. Coffee 10 lbs. Flour 500 lbs. Condensed Milk . . 1 doz. Rolled Oats 50 lbs. Prunes 10 lbs. Pepper. . . lib. Salt 20 lbs. Soap 10 lbs. Tea, Compressed . 10 lbs. Yeast, Cakes 3 doz. Apricots,Evapor't'd 16 lbs. Beans 100 lbs. Barley, Pot 10 lbs. Candles 25 lbs. Corn Meal 20 lbs. Lime Juice Igal. Matches 5bxs Split Peas 10 lbs. Mustard lib. Rice 25 lbs. Sugar 75 lbs. Baking Soda 21 lbs. Tobacco, Smoking 10 lbs. Vegetables, Com- pressed 12 lbs. 10 MINERS' SUPPLIES Packing on Skagway Trail —CLOTHING— Blankets Cap, Cloth Bag, Dunnage . . . . Handkerchiefs . . . , Mitts, Leather . . . Overalls Ground Sheet .... Shirts, Mackinaw Socks, Wool Towels Oilskin Coat 2 pairs 1 only 1 only 1 doz. 1 pair 2 pairs 1 only 1 only 1 doz. 1 doz. 1 only Coats.Lined or Skin 1 only Cap, Fur 1 only Gloves, Wool 1 pair Gloves, Skin 1 pair Mitts, Wool 1 pair Mosquito Netting . 10 yds. Pants, Moleskin . . 1 pair Suspenders 1 pair Shirts, Flannel .... 8 only Sweaters, Wool . . 2 only Underwear, Wool . 3 suits Eoots, Rubber. Moccasins Arctic Socks . . . —FOOTWEAR— 1 pair Boots, Laced 2 pairs 3 pairs Duffles 2 pairs 2 pairs Snow Shoes 1 pair —HARDWARE, Etc.— Axe, Chopping. . . Brace and Bits . . Cup, Tin Compass, Pocket Knife, Butcher's . Fry Pan Gold Pan Hammer Oakum Plates, Tin Pick Handles .... Spoons, Assorted. Saw, Hand Saw, Set Gold Scales . 1 only 1 set 1 only 1 only 1 only 1 only 1 only 1 only 10 lbs. 2 only 3 only 3 only 1 only 1 only Iset Auger . 1 only Camp Kettles 1 set Chisel 1 only Coffee Pot 1 only Kniie and Fork ... 1 only Files 8 only Hatchet 1 only Nails, Assorted ... 20 lbs. Pitch 10 lbs. Picks, Miner's .... 2 only Rope 26 lbs. Shovels, Miner's . . 2 only Saw, Whip 1 only Screw Driver 1 only Stove 1 only 11 TRANSPORTATION OF BAGGAGE, Etc. 1 tent. Set pack straps. Needles and thread. -SUNDRIES— Fish hooks and lines. Paper and envelopes. Sleeping bag. Small medicine chest. In lieu of butter, jam or marmalade may be taken. Solely carbonaceous food should be used. Stimulants of alcoholic character should be avoided. Coffee of the best quality should be used. One pound of best tea equal to seven pounds of coffee for drinking purposes. Coffee more lasting, but tea quicker in action. Berries intensely acid, but palatable, are found through Klondike. Possession of unnecessary articles brings hardship. The addition of an article not required entails increased labor in carrying it and loss if thrown away. But at least one year's supplies should be taken in. In buying goods the best is always the cheapest, and people are cautioned against getting inferior articles. All provisions should be packed in oiled sacks of stout, close material to prevent spoiling by water and moisture. At Victoria and Vancouver are merchants who have for years been outfitting miners for the Cariboo, Cassiar and Kootenay gold fields, and whose experience will be of the greatest advantage to miners and others en route to the Yukon in furnishing the right class and quantity of supplies of the best quality and properly packed. The whole outfit, which can be varied to suit the purses or requirements of the purchaser, to cost from $200.00 to $250.0(», will weigh from 1,000 to 1,300 lbs. NOTE.— Do NOT FORGET THAT THE KLONDIKE MINING DISTRICT IS IN Canada, and that supplies purchased out- side OF Canada are subject to about thirty per cent. Customs duty. TRANSPORTATION OF BAGQAQE AND SUPPLIES 150 lbs. of baggage, consisting of personal effects (wearing apparel, etc.), will be carried free on each adult ticket over the Canadian Pacific Railway and on the steamers of the Canadian Pacific Navigation Co., F. C. Davidge & Co., Pacific Coast S.S. Co. and North American Transportation & Trading Co. Bag- gage will be checked only to Vancouver and Victoria. Excess over 150 lbs. will be charged for at rates shown by the different routes : Canadian Pacific Navigation Co., or F. C. Davidge & Co., 8 cts. per lb. from Vancouver or Victoria to Wrangel, Juneau, Dyea or Skagway. Pacific Coast S.S. Co. 3 cts. per lb. from Victoria to Wrangel, Juneau, Dyea or Skagway. North American Transportation & Trading Co., 10 cents per pound from Pacific Coast to Yukon River points. 12 DOGS, HORSES AND BURROS Supplies in quantities will be carried at the following rates : — From Vancouver or Victoria, To Wrangel $8.00 per ton weight (2,000 lbs.) or measurement (at ship's option). *Glenora * " " Juneau 9.00 " •♦ Pyramid Harbor. . 13.00 " " Haines' Mission . . 13.00 " •• Dyea 13.00 " •• Skagway 13 00 •' •' From Vancouver or Vic- toria to Dawson City via St. Michael's $200.00 " *• * Rates will be announced later. Previous quotations are cancelled. These rates are exclusive of marine risks, wharfage and storage and include delivery at the vessel's rail at Glenora (Canada), Pyramid Harbor, Haines' Mission, Dyea and Skagway, where owner must make arrangements to take delivery on steam- ship's arrival. At Wrangel, Juneau and Skagway there are steam- ship wharves, and one is being built at Dyea. Through rates on excess baggage and freight supplies can be obtained from points other than Vancouver or Victoria on application to any agent of the Canadian Pacific Railway Company. DOQS, HORSES AND BURROS (or Donkeys) Dogs to a limited nur.iber will be carried on the Canadian Pacific Railway passenger trains at regular excess baggage rates, estimated weight 100 lbs. each. Rates from points other than Vancouver or Victoria on Dogs and on Horses and Burros Supplies on Skagway Beach. 13 HOW TO REACH THE GOLD FIELDS can be obtained on application to any of the Canadian Pacific Railway Co.'s agents. The rates are From Horses and Vancouver and Victoria Mules Burros Dogs To (each), (each), (each). Wrangel $35.00 $17.50 $7 50 *Glenora Juneau Pyramid Harbor . . . Dyea Skagway . 35.00 17.60 7.50 * Rates will be announced later. Previous quotations are cancelled. CANADIAN CUSTOMS REGULATIONS If miners' outfits and other supplies, etc., are purchased in Canada, they avoid the customs duties imposed by the Canadian Government upon goods imported from the United Slates, European and other countries, which average 30 per cent. The customs laws are rigidly enforced. Every available avenue into the country is guarded by a strong police force, and customs offices are being established at the international boundary line along the diiFerent routes, so that it is impossible for any foreign goods to be taken into Canadian territory without complying with the provisions of the law regarding entry, ope' 'ing of bales and inspection of goods, payment of duty, etc. Tl .' regulation allowing prospectors to take in 100 lbs. of outfit and supplies purchased outside the Dominion, without payment of duty, has been revoked. A great deal of trouble will be saved in bonding through Canadian goods by having the manifest obtained at Vancouver or Victoria made out in duplicate for use of the Customs officers at port of landing and Canadian entry port . FREE MINERS' CERTIFICATES It is necessary that persons going to the Canadian Yukon with theintenticn of miningshould first obtain a Free Miner'sCertificate, without the possession of which no right or interest in a mining claim will be recognized, either in an individual or a company, by the Government. These Free Miners' Certificates can be procured from the Collectors of Customs at Montreal, Toronto, Vancouver and Victoria, from the Dominion Lands Agents at Winnipeg, Prince Albert, Calgary, Edmonton, Kamloops, and New Westminster, and at Dawson City, and at other places to be named under conditions which will be found in the Mining Regulations printed in this pamphlet. HOW TO REACH THE GOLD FIELDS Travellers to the Klondike and the Yukon gold fields have the choice of several routes — either overland by way of Prince Albert or Edmonton, in the North-West Territories, or Kam- loops or Ashcroft, B.C., or by way of the Pacific Coast via Fort Wrangel and the Stikine River, thence to L^ke Teslin ; via Skagway, Dyea or Pyramid Harbor, thence over the different Passes ; or via Behring Sea to St. Michael's, thence up the Yukon. Whichever route is selected the best and in some cases the only way of making the first stage of the journey is by the Canadian Pacific Railway. Prospectors, mmer Canai persu perso Pacifi them the n variet Its Hi colon Co I This Cana and ^ 1 Cana acco and i 1 coun indel ther over may are c cann and piled tatio tribu Cani Ash( ingl 14 HOW TO REACH THE GOLD FIELDS miners and others should see that their ticlcets read via the Canadian Pacific Railway, and if any agent endeavors to persuade them to travel by any other route they should apply personally or write to the nearest representative of the Canadian Pacific Railway Company mentioned herein, who will furnish them with all information and arrange to supply them with the necessary tickets. The Canadian Pacific offers a greater variety of routes to the Yukon gold fields than any other route. Its line is well equipped with first class sleeping, tourist and colonist cars, its rates are the lowest, and its time the quickest. Collecting Canadian Customs Duty at Tagish Lake on Supplies purchased outside of Canada. From the Middle States the Soo-Pacific route should be taken. This line from St. Paul and Minneapolis connects with the Canadian Pacific at Moose Jaw, Western Canada, forVancouver and Victoria. NOTE. — Passengers travelling across the continent by the Canadian Pacific and Soo-Pacific will have the preference in accommodations on their connecting ocean and river steamers and also on stage and trail routes as may be arranged hereafter. Beyond the terminals to which through tickets are sold the country is largely unknown, and there is as yet a great deal ot indefiniteness regarding the precise character and condition of the routes at the different seasons, and the facilities for travelling over them ; the dates of the opening and closing of navigation may also vary by the different routes, and the distances mentioned are only approximately given. While their easy practicability cannot consequently be guaranteed, they have all been traversed, and the information regarding them in this folder has been com- piled from the most reliable sources accessible. Until such time as regularly established means of transpor- tation through to all important points on the Yukon and its tributaries can be arranged, parties will be ticketed by the Canadian Pacific Railway Company only as far as Edmonton, Ashcroft, Fort Wrangel, Glenora, Dyea, Skagway, etc., accord- ing to the route they may determine to travel. 15 Stikine Route— Fort Wrangel to Glenora and Lake Teslin. THE STIKINE ROUTE ROUTE l.-8tlklne Route Take the Canadian Paqific Railway (from Middle States take Soo-Pacific route) to Vancouver or Victoria, B.C. ; thence ocean steamer to Fort Wrangel ; river steamer up the Stikine River to Glenora or Teleg^raph Creek ; pack trail or wagfg^on road to Tesltn Lake, and river steamer down the lake, the Hootalinqua and Lewes rivers to Fort Selkirk and Dawson City and other points on the Yukon. The approximate distances are : — Vancouver or Victoria to Fort Wrangel..(ocean) 700 miles. Fort Wrangel to Glenora (river) 125 '* Glenora to Lake Teslin (trail or waggon) 146 " Teslin to Fort Selkirk (lake and river) 400 " Fort Selkirk to Stewart River (river) 105 " Stewart River to Dawson City (river) 67 " Total distance from Vancouver and Victoria to Dawson City 1,542 miles. Vancouver the western terminus of the Canadian Pacific Railway, and Victoria, on Vancouver Island, 80 miles across the Straits of Georgia, are in British Columbia. Fort Wrangel is in Alaska. At Fort Wrangel, baggage and freight will be tran- shipped in bond to river steamers. Berth locations on the different river steamers will be made by an agent of the Cana- dian Pacific Ry. Co. on ocean steamers or at Fort Wrangel, and as far as possible the earliest overland purchaser will receive preference. The Stikine is easily navigable for flatbottom river steamboats to Glenora, and when the water is high, they can reach Telegraph Creek, 12 miles further up stream. The Stikine has been regularly navigated for some years, but during the coming season there will be many additional steamers placed on this route, on each of which there will be good accommoda- tion for 50 first-class and from 100 to 150 second-class passengers. The trip from Wrangel to Glenora occupies 36 hours. About 25 miles from the mouth of the Stikine, Canadian territory is entered, and t*ie route thence to the Klondike lies entirely within Canada. The dry belt is reached half-way between Fort Wrangel and Glen- ora, and passengers by this route thus avoid the damp weather so prevalent on the coast. The Stikine River is possible for winter transportation by sled in the latter part of January and in February and March, steamers leaving Wrangel regularly and landing passengers on the ice near the mouth of the river. The overland trail from Glenora or Telegraph Creek to Lake Teslin runs through a comparatively level country, in which there are no high mountain ranges to cress or difficult passes to climb as by the Dyea and Skagway routes. The trail was largely utilized during the past season, and the British Columbia Government, which is expending a large sum in improving it and shortening the distance, expects to have a good sleigh road opened this winter, and a waggon road completed within a month after the snow leaves. The machinery for a river steamer on Teslin Lake was transported by this route, and large quantities of supplies and some live stock have been taken in. There is a good sled road in winter. Transportation companies are now arranging for the carriage of passengers and freight between Glenora and Teslin, by stage and pack horses. About 100 horses akid mules 17 THE STIKINE ROUTE are now stabled at Glenora, and large addition! will be made to their number by the opening of river navigation. Food for 1000 head of stock can be found in summer between Glenora and Trslin immediately along the trail. On Lake Teslin, which is from two to fifteen miles wide and over 100 miles long, a steamer is now completed and arrangements are being made for the placing of many others on the lake as soon as possible after the opening of navigation. Lumber is plentiful around the Gler will tick* thet and mea and will tioni Wra the "T/ at L elab first and part Fort Wrangel. lake for the construction of boats and batteaux by those who wish to prospect en route, and last season a number of cratt, each capable of carrying three or four passengers and five tons of freight safely to Dawson City, were easily constructed in two days. The boats are broken up at the end of the journey, and the timber either utilized in mininer operations, house building or sold at good prices. There is clear navigation from the head of Lake Teslin to Dawson City, with but one rapid — that of Five Fingers — along the entire distance, and these are reported to be, with care, navigable on the northern or right hand channel. Out of Lake Teslin flows the Hootalinqua or Teslin River, which, after being joined by the Big Salmon River, is known as the Lewes, which is followed to Fort Selkirk, where, with the Pelly, it forms the Yukon, of which it is the principal source and greatest feeder. From Fort Selkirk, the Yukon affords convenient means of reaching the gold fields: — Dawson City, Forty Mile, Fort Cuddahy, Circle City and other points in the Canadian Yukon and Alaska. It is estimated that the trip from Vancouver or Victoria to Dawson City, when steamer communication from Teslin Lake is established, can be made in twelve days actual travelling. The route to Fort Wrangel is open throughout the whole year. The Stikine River is usually open from about 1st May to 31st October, and Teslin Lake from 15th May to 15th November. There is fair hotel accommodation at Fort Wrangel, and on the opening of navigation, it is expected hotels will be ready for guests at Glenora, where there are also good camping grounds. The Hudson's Bay Co. are extending their operations to 18 1 •I 1 I late spai sup( exc ship trip bre; the dep of< wit anc arri on day Sur THE STIKINE ROUTE. I ■f Glenora and Teslin Lake, where any additional supplies required will be procurable. Until further notice the Canadian Pacific Railway Co. will ticket passengers through to Fort Wrangel.and to Glenora during the season of navigation on the Stikine. The fare from Vancouver and Victoria to Port Wrangel is $B0.00 first-class, which includes meals and berth on steamship, and $20.00, which includes meals and bunk. To Glenora the fares from Vancouver and Victoria will be announced later. Previous quotations are cancelled. Canadian Pacific Railway Oo's Steanrtships. The Canadian Pacific Railway Co. will inaugurate an addi' tional steamship service between Vancouver, Victoria and Wrangel on the opening of navigation on the Stikine River in the spring of 1886, with the magnificent Clyde-built steamships " Tartar " and " Athenian," both of whioh are classed 100 Al at Lloyds. These steamships are of modctrr. construction, most elaborately appointed,and have excelltint accommodation for both first and second-class passengers — no essentials to the comfort and convenience of the passengers being lacking in any particular. The itaterooms are L-irge, comrortable and perfectly venti- '», Canadian Pacific Rv. Co's Steamship " Athenian " lated and the dining saloons, cabins, and smoking rooms spacious and tastefully decorated, and in every respect vastly superior to those of any other vessels on the Pacific Ocean, excepting the Canadian Pacific "Empress" China-Japan steam ships. Both vessels are lighted by electricity and fitted with triple expansion engines. The " Tartar's" gross tonnage is 4,425, length 376 feet, breadth of beam 47 feet, depth 33.3 feet. The gross tonnage of the " ATHENIAN " is 3,882, length 365 feet, breadth 45i feet, depth 29 feet. The " Tartar" and the " Athenian," under the command of experienced officers, will make close connection at Vancouver with the transcontinental trains of tne Canadian Pacific Railway, and at Wrangel with the river steamers which they have made arrangements with for Glenora during the season of navigation on the Stikine. Sailings from Vancouver and Victoria on Mon- days and Thursdays, reaching Fort Wrangel on Thursdays and Sundays, and leaving in return the same afternoons. 19 Dyea, Skagway and Dalton Routes. i\i h Rang. "mhUii THE DYEA ROUTE ROUTE ll.-Skaffway Route This route is by the Canadian Pacific Railway (from Middle States by the Soo-Pacific route) to Vancouver and Victoria, thence by ocean steamer through the inland channel up the British Columbia and Alaskan Coast past Fort Wrangel and Juneau to Skagway, Alaska, near the head of the Chilcoot Inlet of the Lynn Canal, thence over the White Pass to the lakes which form the headwaters of the Yukon and down these water-sf "etches to the gold fields. The approximate distances are : — Vancouver and Victoria to Skagway (water) 09S miles Skagway to foot of Tagish Lake(pack trail and boat) 84 '* Tagish Lake to head of Canon (boat) 50 " Head of Canon to White Horse Rapids . . . .(portage) 2 " White Horse Rapids to Dawson City (water) 460 " Total distance between Vancouver and Victoria and Dawson City 1,681 miles From Skagway, at which there are good landing facilities, the trail leads for seventeen miles, four being through all timber, to the summit of the White Pass, whose highest elevation is 2,600 feet. The descent on the other side is gradually made by a series of bM THE DALTON ROUTE Lynn Kposed loaded wharf to the gh the several ng, and a steep lies and lis Pass packed summit to Lake Lindemann, which opens about first June, there is a decline of 1,320 feet, but the trail is a fairly good one from Crater Lake, just beyond the summit, to the head of Lake Lindemann, at the portage between which and Lake Bennett a junction is made with the Skagway trail, and thence the route is the same as from Skagway— down the lakes and rivers to the Yukon. The time occupied in reaching Dawson City from salt water is about the same as by the Skagway trail. The fares from Van- couver and Victoria to Dyea are $60.00 first-class and $85.00 second-class, the former including berths and meals, and the latter meals and bunks, without bedding. ROUTE IV.— Oalton Trail By Canadian Pacific Railway (from Middle States by Soo- Pacific route) to Vancouver or Victoria, B.C., ocean steamer by the inland channel to Pyramid Harbor, thence overland to the Yukon. The approximate distances are : — Vancouver or Victoria to Pyramid Harbor or Haines' Mission (water) 985 miles. Pyramid Harbor or Haines' Mission to Fort Selkirk (pack trail) 350 •' Fort Selkirk to Dawson City (water) 172 •' Total distance from Vancouver or Victoria to Dawson City 1,507 miles. Pyramid Harbor is on the Chilcat Inlet, an arm of the Lynn Canal. The trail is taken by many, as it is reputed to be free from many of the difficulties which attend the passage of the White and Chilcoot passes, and is a favorite one for live stock, bands of cattle and sheep having been driven over it during the past two years; reports are that there is good pasturage along the route during the summer. After a short detour to the west, following the right bank of the Chilcat River; the trail extends almost due north to the source of the Nordenskiold River, where it branches, one following that river to Five Finger Rapids, on the ^v- — — ■' - - ■ L>'... 1 m ',^^1 m ^ \'^' ' ^:a**^**^ pi***" ■ mm'''^% fe;;::/. ..... ^^H ' t" Miles Canon. 28 YUKON RiVER. Fort Selkirk to Dawson City, Klondike, Circle City, etc. 2 THE ST. MICHAELS ROUTE Lewes River, the route thereafter being down the Lewes and Yukon, and the other continuing due north lo Fort Selkirk, leav- ing the Nordenskiold to the right. The entire distance by the latter trail can be covered on horseback, and the trip has been made from Pyramid Harbor to Dawson City in about fifteen days. The fares from Vancouver and Victoria to Pyramid Harbor are $50.00 first-class and $35.00 second-class, the former including berths and meals, and the latter meals and bunks, with- out bedding. ROUTE V.-8t. Michael's Route By Canadian Pacific Railway (from Middle States by Soo- Pacific route) to Vancouver or Victoria, B.C., thence by the Pacific Ocean and Behring Sea to St. Michael's and up the Yukon, this route being chiefly used by those going to points in Alaska. The distances given are as follows : — Victoria to St. Michael's (ocean) 2,800 miles St. Michael's to Dawson City .. . .(river) 1,650 " Total distance to Dawson City . . 4,450 miles On Chilcoot Pass. This all -water roule lies directly across the North Pacific Ocean to Dutch Harbor in Unalaska, an island off the Alaskan peninsula, thence across Behring Sea and Norton Sound to Fort " Get There," on St. Michael's Island, where transfer is made to river steamers which sail down the coast 'eighty miles to the north mouth of the Yukon, and up that river to Circle City (Alaska), Fort Cudahy, Forty Mile and Dawson City, Canada. The navigation of the Yukon in the upper part is open from May until the middle of October, but at the mouth it is not open before 1st July, and is free from ice from two-and-a-half to three months. The journey from Victoria occupies from 35 to 40 days, of which from 16 to 20 are taken to ascend the river to Dawson City. The fares from Vancouver and Victoria to Dawson City are $300 first class, and $250 second class, which includes meals and berths and 150 lbs. of baggage free. 25 2ity. etc. THE EDMONTON ROUTES When selling through tickets the Canadian Pacific Railway Co. acts only as agent for the Steamship Company, and will not be responsible beyond its own line — the other portion of the ticket being subject to Pacific Ocean and Yukon navigation. ROUTE VI.— Edmonton Routes The Edmonton Routes can only be taken by Canadian Pacific Railway (from Middle States by Soo- Pacific route) to Edmonton in Alberta, from which there is a choice of two main lines oi communication : around by the Mackenzie RiVer and the far north, or overland by the Peace River country and the Liard River. The distances given are as follows : — EDMONTON-MACKENZIE BIVEB BOUTE Edmonton to Athabasca Landing .... (waggon road) 90 miles Athabasca Landing to Fort McPherson (river) 1,844 " Fort McPherson to Porcupine River (river and trail) . 80 " Porcupine to Fort Yukon (river) 400 " Fort Yukon to Dawson City (river) 303 " Distance from Edmonton to Dawson City 2,717 miles The main line of the Canadian Pacific Railway takes the traveller to Calgary, at the eastern base of the Rocky Mountains, from which a branch line runs 191 miles to Edmonton, the starting point for all routes leading north and west. By the Mackenzie, the route lies to Athabasca Landing and Fort Chipewyan, thsnce down Great Slave River to Great Slave Lake, whi. . .j the Mackenzie River is followed to Peel River (one of its tributaries), and thence by Rat River to the waters of the Porcupine, and then the Porcupine River takes the 11" traveller to Fort Yukon, three hundred miles below Dawson City and the Klondike. The time occupied from Edmonton by the Mackenzie River is variously estimated from ninety days up- wards. There is a good waggon road from Edmonton to Athabasca Landing. Steamers ply on the Athabasca and Mackenzie, but their carrying capacity is very limited, and prospectors and others do not depend upon them, but usually build or buy boats at Athabasca Landing. It is probable that short practicable canoe routes from the Mackenzie to the headwaters of the gold-bearing streams of the Yukon exist hundreds of miles further south than the Peel River portage. EDMONTON-PEACE RIVER ROUTE Edmonton to Peace River Crossing (trail) Crossing to Forks of Nelson (trail) Down the Nelson to junction with Lmrd (river) Up Liard to Dease River (river and trail) Dease River to Pally River (river and trail) Pelly River to Fort Selkirk (river) Fort Selkirk to Dawson City (river) 260 miles 240 " 120 " 160 " 170 " 220 " 172 " Distance from Edmonton to Dawson City 1,342 miles By the shorter overland route, the objective point from Edmonton is the Liard River, and there are several alternate routes, all heading North-west and converging on the Liard, one being by Athabasca Landing and Lesser Slave Lake to the Peace 88 ROI Tl (from throu{ is folic Til As 9j hJ T^ Ti THE ASHCROFT ROUTE River, and another by the Athabasca to Fort Simpson and thence up the Liard . A good road also leads from Edmonton to the Peace River Crossing. When once the waters of the Liard are reached, by either route, the remainder of the journey is via Lake Francis, the portage over the watershed to the Pelly River, and thence down the Pelly tc Fort Selkirk and the Yukon to Dawson City. These routes, which skirt the great undeveloped Omineca and Cassiar mining districts, are largely utilized by parties intending to explore the headwaters of the Peace River, on the eastern, and the numerous gold-bearing streams on the western slope of the Rockies, whose great mineral wealth has already been demonstrated by pioneer miners. Pack horses are easily procur- able at Calgary and Edmonton, at moderate prices, which, however, are increasing on account of the demand for them. They range from $20 to $40 each for animals weighing from 800 to 1,000 pounds. , ROUTE Vll.-Prlnce Albert Route This route can also only be taken by Canadian Pacific Rail- way (from Middle States by Soo- Pacific route) to Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, from which the Athabasca River is reached at Fort McMurray, the point of junction with the Edmonton- Macken- zie River route. The approximate distances are as follows : — Prince Albert tc Green Lake (waggon) 140 miles Green Lake to Long Portage ...(river) 220 ' Long Portage to Clearwater River (road) 12 '* Clearwater River to Fort McMurray (river) 80 " Fort McMurray to Dawson City, .(river and trail) 2377 "' (via Fort McPherson and Porcupine River.) Total distance from Prince Albert to Dawson City 2820 miles The main line of the Canadian Pacific Railway is taken to Regina, the capital of the Canadian North- West Territories, from which a branch line runs 250 miles to Prince Albert on the Saskatchewan River. There is a good waggon road to Green Lake, whence the boat voyage to the junction with the Edmonton route at Fort McMurray is safe, easy and uninterrupted as far as Long Portage, which is easily traversed by a good road, horses being obtainable ; and the boats entering the Clearwater can proceed down stream to the Athabasca with one insigni- iicant portage. From Fort McMurray the Yukon can be reached by the Mackenzie and Porcupine rivers as described in the Edmonton- Mackenzie River route. Experienced boatmen can be secured at Prince Albert, where there are facilities for transport of passengers and baggage to Green Lake, and boats or material for their construction can also be obtained there. ROUTE Vlll.-Ashcroft Route This route also can only be taken by the Canadian Pacific (from Middle States by Soo-Pacific route) to Ashcroft, thence through Cariboo and across to the Stikine, after which Route L is followed. The distances given are as follows : Ashcroft to Quesnelle (stage) 220 miles. Quesnelle to Hazleton, on the Skeena River (trail) 327 " Hazleton to Telegraph Creek (trail) 240 " Telegraph Creek to Teslin Lake (trail) 145 '« Teslin Lake to Dawson City (lake and river) 572 " Total distance from Ashcroft to Dawson City 1,484 miles. 87 WHEN TO START Ashcroft is on the main line of the Canadian Pacific Railway, 204 miles east of Vancouver, and is the starting point for the famed Cariboo Gold Fields. There is a splendid stage road to Soda Creek, and choice of continuing by road or by steamer sixty miles to Quesnelle, from which the route lies along the old overland telegraph trail — (the route of the Behring Straits tele- graph line which was in process of construction at the time of the laying of the Atlantic cable, and was abandoned in conse- quence of the successful laying of the cable) — to Hazleton on the Skeena River, which is navigable from its mouth to beyond this point. From Hazleton, Telegraph Creek on the Stikine is reached by trail. From Telegraph Creek the route lies to Teslin Lake and down the Hootalinqua, Lewes and Yukon, as described in Route L There are hundreds of miles of unexplored ground near the overland trail from Quesnelle which is known to be rich. The trail is in good condition and there is good pasturage along the route for stock, which run wild and feed themselves between Quesnelle and Hazleton in winter. From Fort George parties may cross the Giscome Portage and by water reach the Peace River country ; from Hazleton by trail to the Omineca, and from Telegraph Creek by trail and water to the Cassiar, all of which are gold-bearing regions, largely unprospected. EamloopSi a station on the Canadian Pacific Railway, 47 miles east of Ashcroft, is also a starting place by this route, the route being along the North Thompson River, the Cariboo road being reached at Bridge Creek, 112 miles north. WHEN TO START The best time to start for the gold fields depends largely upon the route intended to be taken and the traveller's point of departure. If living in Europe, from eight to ten days should be allowed for the Atlantic voyage and six days for the overland journey, and it would be as well for the travellers to allow them- selves several days for the purchase of supplies at whatever place they may decide to outfit. Those going by the Stikine Route on opening of river navigation need not reach Vancouver or Victoria, B.C., before the middle of April. It is reported, however, thai Glenoracan be reached on the ice during part of January and February and March. The Dyea and Skagway routes should not be attempted before February, and from that time until the breaking up of the rivers — about June 1st — the snow t a ice afford good travelling with snowshoes and sledges or toboggans, by which goods can be freighted over the Passes more quickly and cheaply than dur- ing any other season of the year. For the last two years most men going in the spring have gone over the passes in February, March and April. The coming year many will no doubt start in January, February and March, in order to take their time getting over the passes and down the lakes, and building their boats. The first steamers by the St. Michael's route leave North Pacific ports about 10th June, as navigation on the lower Yukon does not open before 1st July. By the Edmonton-Peace River route, Edmonton should be left not later than March 1st, when flat sleighs for a large portion of the trip, instead of pack horses, can be used advantageously. By the Edmonton-Mackenzie River route, a start should be made from Edmonton about the end of April or early in May. The Atha- 28. 'Rate Di Ar RATES AND STEAMSHIP SAILINGS basca River opens from the 10th to the 25th of April, and Great Slave Lake, 750 miles north, early in June. Beyond that lake there is clear navigation to Peel River and on the Porcupine during summer. By the AshcroA route, the best time for starting from Ash- croft is from April 15th to May 1st, there usually being then good pasturage en route. RATES AND TICKETS All rates quoted herein are subject to change ; such changes will be published in future editions hereof. The Canadian Pacific Railway Company in selling through tickets beyond its own line of Railway or Steamships acts only as agent for connecting transportation companies, and assumes no responsibility beyond its own lines. All tickets over the Ocean, River, Lake or Stage, etc., portions of journey are sold subject to navigation risks and detentions, and also subject to accommo- dations vacant when such portions of tickets are presented, or as arranged at time of purchase or en route. Rates from interior points can be found by adding the current rates to Vancouver or Victoria via the Canadian Pacific Railway to the following figures : — Vancouver or Victoria To 1st Class. 2nd Class. Wrangel $30.00 $20.00 *Glenora * * Juneau 35.00 22.00 Pyramid Harbor Landing 50.00 35.00 Haines' Mission 50.00 35.00 Dyea 50.00 35.00 Skagway 50.00 35.00 Sitka 50.00 35.00 ' * Rates to Glcnora will be announced later. Previous quotations are withdrawn. First-class rates include meals and berth on steamships, second-class rates meals and bunk on steamships, except that rates to Glenora do not include meals and berths beyond Wrangel. Berths (for first-class passengers only) are $3.00, and meals are 50 cents each, between Wrangel and Glenora. Vancouver or Victoria to Dawson City via St. Michael's Island 1st Class 2nd Class »300.00 »250.00 All fares and prices quoted herein are in gold. A fair idea in sterling can be obtained by reckoning $5.00 (Five Dollars) to jQ 1 (one pound). STEAMSHIP SAILINGS Are intended to be as follows, but are subject to change : Oanadian Pacific Ry. Oo.'s Steamships. From Vancouver, Mondays and Thursdays, upon arrival of Canadian Pacific Overland Pacific Express. Prom Victoria, Mondays and Thursdays, For Wrangel, commencing April, 1898. 2» STEAMSHIP SAILINGS O. P. Navigation Oo. From Victoria, 8.00 p. m. For Wrangel, Juneau, Dyea, Skagway, etc., S. S. Danube, February 6th and 22nd ; March 8th and 22nd ; April 5th and 19th, and every Tuesday thereafter. S.S. Islander, February 15th ; March 1st, loth and 29th ; April 12th and 26th. From Vancouveri ,on arrival of Canadian Pacific Railway Pacific Express. For Wrangel, Juneau, Dyea, Skagway, etc. S. S. Danube, February 7th and 23rd ; March 9th and 23rd ; April 6th and 20th, and every Wednesday thereafter. S.S. Islander, February 16th ; March 2nd, 16th and 30th ; April 13th and 27th. Commencing June 14tb, S.S. Danube will make regular trips to St. Michael's Island, connecting with Yukon River steamers to Dawson City, etc. F. O. Davidse & Oo. From Victoria, for Wrangel, Juneau, Dyea, Skag- way, etc., Feb. 3rd and 17th ; March 3rd and 17th, and every alternate Thursday thereafter. From Vancouver, on arrival of Canadian Pacific Railway Pacific Express. For Wrangel, Juneau, Dyea, Skagway, etc. Feb. 4th and 18th ; March 4th and 18th, and every alternate Friday thereafter. Pacific Coast Steamship Oo. From Victoria about 4.00 p.m. Passengers should reach Victoria the night previous. S.S. Queen, February 4th, and every twelve days thereafter, for Juneau, Dyea and Skagway. S.S. City of Topeka, February 9th, for Wrangel, Juneau and Sitka. S.S. Victorian, February 17th, and every ten days thereafter, for Juneau, Dyea and Skagway. S.S. Cottage City, February 24th, and every fifteen days thereafter, for Wrangel, Juneau and .Sitka (connecting at Juneau with local boat for Dyea and Skagway). S.S. Curacao, April 15th, and every fifteen days thereafter, tor Juneau, Dyea and Skagway. Other Steamship Lines. Additional steamers of different Companies will probably be placed on the route, particulars of which will be furnished later. North AmeHcan Transportation & Tradlns Oo. Intend to despatch a steamer on June 10th, 1898, and every ten days thereafter. Passengers taking this route will be ticketed only to the Pacific Coast. 80 tickf Tick I f^W^i ■' -m '0m!^. CANADIAN MINING REGULATIONS BERTHS ON STEAMSHlPa Berths on Pacific Ocean Steamers must be Hecured when tickets are purchased. Apply to the nearest Canadian Pacific Ticket Agent, who will obtain same through the following offices : London, Ens.— Archer Baker, 67 King William Street, London, E.C. For Europe and other countries via Europe. Montreal — C. E. E. Ussher, General Passenger Agent, for territory East of Port Arthur and Chicago. Winnipeg— Robert Kerr, Traffic Manager, for territory West of Lake Superior and Chicago. Vancouver— E. J. Coyle, District Passenger Agent, for British Columbia and Pacific Coast States, Hawaiian Islands and Australasia. Hong Kons— D. E. Rrown, General Agent, for India and other Trans-pacific points. :i>-•??^-^•' '.:-M'^. uya»».»'''-J*>i H iiil l l inl i |»l W> H ;.t.';tf.;-.>«g»:;fc ■■ .ErP*^' Starting for the Mines 31 CANADIAN MINING REGULATIONS CANADIAN MINING REQ MLATI ON8 FOR THE YUKON ^'"''^"''^ (Approved by Order-ln-Counoll of ISth January, 1808.) (Subject to Alteration). INTERPRETATION. " Free miner " thall mean a mate or female over the age of eighteen, but no undcrthat age, or joint stock company, named in, and lawfully posseued of, a valid existing free miner's certificate, and no other, "Legal post" shall mean a stake standing not less than four feet abo%'e (he L-'ound and flatted on two sides for at least one foot from the top. Both sidrs so I itted shall measure at least four inches across the face. It shall also mean any » I limp or tree cut off and flatted or faced to the above height and size. I ' Close season " shall mean the period of the year during which placer min- ing is generally suspended. ^ The period to be fixed by the Mining Recorder in whose district the claim is situated. " Mineral" shall include all minerals whatsoever other than coal. " Joint Stock Company " shall mean any company incorporated for mining purposes under a Canadian charter or licensed by the Government of Canada. " Mining Recorder" shall mean the official appointed by the Gold Commis- sioner to record applicatjons and grant entries fur claims in the Mining Divisions into which the Commissioner may divida the Yukon District. 1. Every person over, but not under eighteen years of age, and every joint stock company, shall be entitled to all the rights and privileges of a tree miner, under these regulations and under the regulations f^uverning quartz mining, and. shall be considered a free miner upon takmg out a free miner's certificate. A free miner's certificate issued to a joint stock company shall be issued in its corporate name. A free miner's certificate shall not be transferable. 2. A free miner's certificate may be granted for one year to run from the date thereof or from the expiration of the applicant's then existing certificate, upon the payment therefor of the sum^f ^10. 00, unless the certificate is to be issued in favor of a joint stock company, in which case the fee shall be $90.00 for a company havmg a nominal capital of $100,000 or less, and for a company having a nominal capital exceeding $100,000, the fee shall be $100.00. Only one person or joint stock company shall be named in a certificate. 3. A free miner's certificate shall be on the following form : — DOMINION OF CANADA. FRBE miner's CERTIFICATE. (Non-transferable), Date No Valid for one year only. This is to certify that of has paid me this day the sum of and is entitled to all the rights and privileges of a free miner, under any mining regulations of the Government of Canada, for one year from the day of 18 This certificate shall also grant to the holder thereof the privilege of fishing and shooting, subject to the provisions of any Act which has been passed, or which may hereafter be passed for the protection of game and fish ; also the privilege of cutting timber for actual necessities, for building houses, boats and for general mining operations ; such timber, however, to be tor_ the exclusive use of the miner himself, but such permission shall not extend to timber which may have been heretofore or which may hereafter be granted to other persons or corporations. i. Free miner's certificates may be obtained by applicants in person at the Department of the Interior, Ottaw:i, or from the agents of dominion Lands at Winnipeg. Manitoba; Calgary, Edmonton, Prince Albert, in the North-west Territories ; Kamloops and New Westminster in the Province of British Columbia ; at Dawson City in the Yukon District ; also from agents of the Government at Vancouver and Victoria. B.C., and at other places which may from time to time be named by the Minister of the Interior. 6. If any person or joint stock company shall apply for a free miner's certifi- cate at the agent's office during his absence, and shall leave the fee required b^' these regulations, with the officer or other person in charge of said office, he or it shall be entitled to have such certificate from the date of such application j and any free miner shall at any time be entitled to obtain a free miner's certificate commencing to run from the expiration of his then existing free miner's certificate, prov' 'ed that when he applies for such certificate he shall produce to the agent, or in case of his absence, shall leave with the officer or other person in charge of the agent's office, such existing certificate. 6. If any free miner's certificate be accidentally destroyed or lost, the owner thereof may, on payment of a fee of two dollars, have a true copy of it. signed by the agent, or other person by whom or out of whose office the original was issued. Every such copy shall be marked " Substituted Certificate;" and unless some material irregularity be shown in respect thereof, every original or substi- tuted free miner's certificate shall be evidence of all matters therein contained. 7. No person or joint stock company will be recognized as having any right or interest in or to any placer claim, quartz claim, mining lease, bed-rock flume grant, or any minerals in any ground comprised therein, or in or to any water right, mining ditch, drain, tunnel or flume, unless he or it and every person in his or its employment shall have a free miner's certificate unexpired. And on the expir- ation of a free miner's certificate the owner thereof shall absolutely forfeit all his rights and interest in or to any placerclaim, mining lease, bed-rock flume grant discos river. cover amou two ii 2( the cl althoi 21 2i is siti miles additi 2! Recoi miner their Minin CANADIAN MINING REGULATIONS ligned and any minerals in anv ground comprised therein, and in or to anjr and cverv water right, mining ditch, drain, tunnel or flume which may be held or claimed by such owner of such expired free miner's certificate, unless such owner shall, on or before the day tollowing the expiration of such certificate, obtain a new free miner's certificate. Provided; nevertheless, that should any co-owner fail to keep up his free miner's certificate, such failure shall not cause a forfeiture or act as an abandonment of the claim, but the interest of the co-owner who shall fail to keep up his free miner s certificate shall, i^io/mcio, be and become vested in his coKiwners, /r^ rmta according to their former interests ; provided, nevertheless, that a shtreholder in a joint st«Kk company need not be a Jfrae miner, and, though not a free miner, shall be entitled to buy, sell, hold or dispose of any shares therein. 8. Every free miner shall, during the continuance of his certificate, but not longer, have the right to enter, locate, prospect and mine for gold and other minerals upon any lands m the Yukon District, whether vested in the Crown or otherwise, except upon Government reservations for town sites, land which is occupied by any building, and any land falling within the curtilage of any dwelling house, and any land lawfully occupied for placer mining purposes, and also Indian reservations. 0. Previous to any entry being m.idc upon lands lawfully occupied, such free miner shall give adequate security, to the satisfaction of ilie Mining Recorder, for any loss or damage which may be caused by such entry ; and after such entry he shall make full compensation to the occupant or owner of such lands for any loss or damage which may be caused by reason of such entry ; such compensation, in case of dispute, to be determined by a court having jurisdiction in mining disputes, with or without a jury. 10. A creek or gulch claim shall be 2.M) feet long measured in the general direction of the creek or gulch. The boundaries of the claim which run in the general direction of the creek or gulch shall be lines along bed or rim rock three jeet higher than the rim or edge of the creek, or the lowest general level of the gulch within the claim, so drawn or marked as to be at every point three feet above the rim or edge of the creek or the lowest general level of the gulch. fe opposite to it at ri^ht angles to the general direction of the claim for its length, but such boundaries shall not in any case exceed 1,000 feet on each side ot the centre of the stream or gulch 11. If the boundaries be less than one hundred feet apart horizontally, they shall be lines traced along bed or rim rock one hundred feet apart horizontally, following as nearly as practicable the direction of the valley for the length of the claim. 12 A river claim shall be situated only on on^side of j:he river and shall not exceed 250 feet in length, measured in the general direction of the river. The other boundary of the claim which runs in the general direction of the river shall be lines along ned or rim rock three feet higher than the rim or edge of the river within the claim so drawn or marked as to be at every point three feet above the rim or edge of the river opposite to it at right angles to the general direction of the claim for its length, but such boundaries shall not in any case be less than 250 feet, or exceed a distance of 1,000 feet from low water mark of the river. 13. A " hill claim *' shall not exceed 250 feet in length, drawn parallel to the main direction of the stream or ravine on which it fronts. Parnllel lines drawn from each end of the base line »t right angles thereto, and running to the summit of the hill (provided the distance does not exceed 1,000 feet), shall constitute the end boundaries of the claim. 14. All other placer claims shall be 250 feet square. 15. Every placer claim vhall be as nearly a.s possible rectangular in form, and marked by two legal posts firmly fixed in the ground. 'The line between the two posts shall be well cut out so that one post may. if the nature of the surface will permit, be seen from the other. The flatted side of each post shall face the claim, and on each post shall be written on the side facing the claim, a legible notice stating the name or number ot the claim, or both if possible, its length in feet, the date when staked, and the full Christian and surname of the locator. 16. Every alternate ten claims shall be reserved for the Government of Can- ada. That is_ to say^ when a claim is located, the discoverer's claim and nine additional claims adjoining each other and numbered consecutively will be open tor registration. Then the next ten claims of 250 feet each will be reserved for the Government, and so on. The alternate group of claims reserved for the Crown shall be disposed of in such manner as may be decided by the Minister of the Interior. 17. The penalty tor ttespassinp;' upon a claim reserved toi liie Crown shall be immediate cancellation by the Mining Recorder of anv entry or entries which the person trespassing may have obtained, whether by original entry or purchase, for a mining claim, and the refusal by the Mining Recorder of the acceptance of any application which the person trespassing may at any time make for a claim. In addition to such penalty, the Mounted Police, upon a requisition from the Mining Recorder to that effect, shall take the necessary steps to eject the trespasser. 18. In defining the size of claims, they shall be measured horizontally irre- spective of inequalities on the surface of the ground. 19. If any free miner or party of tree miners discover a new mine, and such discovery shall be establisheo to the satisfaction of the Mining Recorder, creek, river, or hill claims of the following size shall be allowed, namely : — To one dis- coverer, one claim, fiOO feet in lengtn ; to a party of two discoverers, two claims, amounting together to 1,000 feet in length ; to each member of a party beyond two in number, a claim of the ordinary size only. 20. A new stratum of auriferous earth or gravel situated in a locality where the claims have been abandoned shall for this purpose be deemed a new mine, although the same locality shall have been previously worked at a different level. 21. Refers to the forms of application for a grant for olacer mining. 22. A claim shall be recorded with the Mining Recorder in whose district it is situated, within ten days after the location thereof, if it is located within ten miles of the Mining Recorder's office. One extra day shall be allowed for every additional ten miles or traction thereof. 23. In the event of the claim being more than one hundred miles from a Recorder's office, and situated where other claims are being located, the free miners, not less than five_ in number, are authorized to meet and appoint one of their number a " Free Miners' Recorder." who shall act in that capacity until a Mining Recorder is appointed by the Gold Commissioner. 33 CANADIAN MINING REGULATIONS 2t. The " FieeMintra' Recorder" ihallat theaarlieNt pomiible date after hi* appointmrnt, notify the neari-Nt tio> eminent Mining; Recorder thereof, and upon the arrival of the Ciovrrnniunt Mining Recorder, hu ihall deliver to him hit record* and the fecH received lor recording the clainia. The Uovernmrnt Mining Recorder shall then grant to each free miner whowe name appear* in the rccordN, an entry for his claim, provided an application has been made hy him. The entry to date from the time the "Free Miners' Recorder" recorded the application. 25. If the " Free Miners' Recorder" tads within three months to notify the nearest Ciovernmont Mining Recorder of his appointment, the claim* which he may have recorded will Ih- cincelled. 20. During the abNcnce ol the Mining Recorder from his office, the entry for a claim may be granted by any person whom he may appoint to perform his duties in his absence. 27. Entry shall not be granted for a claim which has not been staked by the applicant in person in the manner specified in these regulations, with an affidavit that the claim was staked out by the applicant. 28. An eii'ry fee of fit't.-en doll.irM shall br cliarged the first year, and an an- nual fee of fifteen dollars for each of the following years. This provision shall apply to claims for which entries have already been granted. 29. A statement of the entries granted and fees collected shall be rendered by the Mining Recorder to_ the Gold Commissioner at least every three months, which shair be accompanied by the amount collected. 'M, A royalty of ten per cent, on the g.)ld mined shall be levied and collected on the gross output of each claim The ro^alty may be paid at banking offices to be established under the auspices of the Ciovernment of Canada, or to the Uold Commissioner, or to any Mining Recorder authorized by him. The sum of 92ifi(N).INI shall be deducted from the prrosi annual output of a claim when estima- ting the amount upon which royalty is to he calculated, but this exemption shall not be allowed unless the royalty is paid at a banking office or to the Gold Commissioner or Mining Recorder. When the royalty is paid monthly or at longer periods, the deduction shall he made ratable on the basis of lj$2,.'MMI.0U per annum for the claim. If not paid to the bank. Gold Commissioner or Mining Recorder, it shall be collected by the customs officials or police officers when the miner passe* the post established at the boundary of a district. Such royalty to form part of the consolidated revenue, and to he accounted for hy the officers who collect the same in due course. The time and manner in which such r(>yalty shall be collected shall be provided for by regulations to be made by the Gold Com- missioner. 31. Default in payment of such royalty, if continued for ten days after notice has been posted on the claim in respect of which it is demanded, or in the vicinity of such claim, bf the Gold Commissioner or his agent, shall bo followed by cancel- lation of the claim. An^ attempt to defraud the Crown by withholding any part of the revenue thus provided for, bymaking false statements of the amount taken out, shall he punished by cancell.ition of the claim in respect of which fraud or false statements have been committed or made. In respect to the facts as to such fraud or fal ohtainud free miner'* certificate*, to ilrcdge for mineral! other than coal in the ■ubmerKcd lieUiorbarNof rivorsin theYukonDlKtrict, Theaeleasc* cover a length of five milvK, and not more than six leaMen will be granted to any individual or company, ahall be for a term of 2t> yearn, and the Icsnee Rhall have at least one dredge in oporation upon thv five mile* of river leaied within two ■casoni. A rrnlal of )|(N) per annum for each mile of river ahall bv charged, and n royalty of III percent, paid on the output in uxceNn of $l,'i,IM)() per annum. U. 8. MINING RgQULATlONS, ALASKA (ReportH Interior ' >>.'p.irtment, Washington. U.S.A.) Only citizens of the United States, or persons dcclarinK their intention to become such, will be allowed to explore, locate and purchane mineral land in Alaska (United Slates territory) by complying with Federal and Territorial laws. Prospectors arc not required to t.-ikc out a license or certificate. Oi AKT/ Lanp. - Mining claims upon ledges or lodes of precious metals can be taken up alon^ the vein to •helengtn of l.CM) feet and 3^0 feet each side of the middle of the vem. To secure patent, $d(N) worth uf work must be performed and $i) an acre paid for the land— twciity acres. Six months' failure to do work forfeits the claim. Pi.ACKR Land.— Claims usually called "placers," including all forms of deposit, excepting veins of quartz or other rock in place, are subject to entry and patent. No single individual can locate more than twenty acres of placer land, and no location can be made by any company, composed of no less than eight bona-fide locators, exceeding 160 acres The price per acre of placer claims is $'i.U). Where placers contain veins or lodes, the cost per acre it 93. Drscriition, — It is important that locators accurately mark and describe their claims. In marking, the locator ma^ do so in any direction that will not interfere with the rights or claims existm^ prior to his discovery. Litigation, expense, and dela)| may bo avoided by bemg particular in the matter of boun- daries. The essentials are : /'irst—That the corners should be marked on the ground by itakes in mounds of earth or rock, or by marked trees or other natural objects, .^econd— The notice of location should describe these corners so that they can be identified on the ground by the description, and. in addition, the direction and distance (r Agent Opposite Pa Banlt Bte. Marie, Hiob., F. E. Ketchnm, Depot Ticket Agent {A. H. Notman, .Vssistant General Passenger Agent .. W. B. C. Uackay.Clty Ticket Agent Chubb'siC J. N. .Sutherland, Gen. Freight Agent St.I.03li8 HO...W.M.Porteous, Freight Agent 315Clic^ ■t> Panl HIMN..H.E. Huntington, Agent Soo Line 8W Bobert St., Hoik B.— ■•-...<.„« nt.j /V- H. Stem, District Freight and Passenger Agent.. ChronlA ■•■■*•■•■■•" *^"' t Ooodall, Perkins ft Oc.AgenU P. oTsJ. Co lOBIarljB Seattle WAaB..B.W. BtacOlnnes. {m^Rn^ ■kerbrooke Sydney Toronto .QUI. .Aug.. E. H. Crean, Ticket Agent SConuai Huddart, Parker ft Co., Ltd. 6S1 ,14 bX' ■^^^ nm- / C . B. HoPheraon, Asst. Gen. Passenger Agent 1 Kin^ ■ ■""'• \ E. TiniM, Gen. Freight Agent Uiiloul f E. J. Coyle, District Passenger A(;ent YancoaTer....B.C.-{ Allan Can'eron, District Freight Agent I. James Sclator, Ticket Agent ▼letorla B.O . . 0. L. Courtney, Freight and Passenger Agent Oore^ Wlnnlpcc ....HAN..W.H.HcLeod, City Ticket Agent Yokokaaia« Japan. . Wm. T. Payne, General Traffic Agent for .Tapan ■•■■OR TOi^^a ROBERT KERR, C. E. E. USSHfl^ Traffic Manager, Genl. Paasr. « Lines We.st of Lake Superior. Linos East of I'cjt Winnipeg. MoNTi: Q. M. B08W0RTH, D. McNIOOLk, Freight Traffic Manager, Passenger Traffif j, Montreal. Mont* "•if. Ill to {> 'rw^t^' Car VAY dumge toufle Sqra urt HouM 8 ^. mth OUik I It Ctomum S^ . ^ '' ^ It Houi« ai -MV^ 4* '\ jrtSt. W. j '' , \ t Houia BliL i t A (.VlnorH* ,'j;_ ' ^. lollUSt. f .■;■■; "■.,,.>' V-''' ; & James ) '. \ ^< -f^ id Oram.' raw St. I ^ imCt. K.f > It. 8. 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For description of Overland Route read "New Highway to the Orient" "Annotated Time Table" if interested in other Canadian Mining Regions .1 or Farming Lands read , ^ "Goldin New Ontario" "Gold in Kootenay and Cariboo "British Columbia" "Western Canada" ft For information regarding a tour to Japan, China, Indin, Fijian Islands, Hawaiian islands, Australasia cr Around the World, read "Westward to the Far East" "East to the West" "New Route to Australasia" "Around the World ' Before deciding upon a Summer Resort or Sporting Trip read "Quebec, Winter and Summer" "Summer Tours" "Banff the Beautiful" "Climates and Health Resorts of Canada" "Fishing and Shooting" All above publications can be obtained ffe-ee on application to afi^ents men- tioned on opposite pa^re. *««i)MMi»Mm