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 ■ \ / 
 
 THE 
 
 GLADWIN MANUSCRIPTS 
 
 
 WITH AN INTRODUCTION AND A 
 SKETCH OF THE CONSPIRACY OP 
 PONTIAC, BY CHARLES MOORE 
 
 ( i 
 
 LANSING, MICH. 
 
 ROBBRT SMITH PRINTING CO. 
 
 1897 
 
 % 
 
 
•^ft,tl-*mVm^emiWmmm- 
 
 ■MtBi 
 
THE 
 
 GLADWIN MANUSCRIPTS 
 
 WITH AX FNTRODUCTION AND A 
 SKETCH OF TUK COXSPIRACV OF 
 PONTIAC. HV CHAKLKS MOOllK 
 
 • >L 
 
 LANSING, MICH. 
 ROHERT SMITH PRINTING Cd. 
 
 1807 
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, 
 
 TIIK (iLADWIN MAMSCKIITS. 
 
 'I'OCK'rilKK WITH AX TXTIMUrc TION AND AX 1 1 ISl'oKK A I . SKI:T( II 
 n[- i'lIK ( ()N.SIMI!A( A' OF l'()N'J"IA( . 
 
 IIV CHAHI.KS MOOKK. 
 
 1 Kt'prillli'it Until llii' Mli-liii.Mli I'iniii'i'i- iiikI HKliiiiiMl ( olIcctioiiN, \'()1. '.T 
 
 i.vrK<)i)r( 'i'lox. 
 
 Pontine has a well (IciiiuMl i)IiU't' in tiie : jry of this country. The 
 temporary success of his ii;vvi\t conspinicy apainst the English and his 
 tragic death by the hand of an assassin; and especially the fact that he 
 embodied in his own person I he most formidable protest against the 
 encroachments of the wliites on the hunting grounds of the red men, have 
 combined to make him the heroic ligui-e in northwestern history during 
 the years between the surrender of Canada to the English and the War 
 of the Revolution, Moreover, the genius of I'arkman has jnade it cer- 
 tain that tlie name of I'ontiac will never cease to be remembered among 
 English spe.aking people on this continent. 
 
 What changes might have taken place in the development of the north- 
 west had Pontiac's conspiracy, been successful, can only be surmised. 
 That he was foiled in his great purpose and after many minor successes 
 was compelled in the end to acknowledge defeat was due to the unex- 
 ampled intrepidity, carefulness and soldierly training of one man. The 
 sagacity of Henry (Madwin and his success in withstanding the long 
 siege of Detroit, mark him as one of the very few great Indian fighters 
 in our history. And yet when one inquires as to Gladwin's history, 
 before or after the siege of Detroit, one iinds even on the pages of Park- 
 man nothing but a misspelled name. 
 
 Pour years ago, the writer began the task of getting together what 
 facts were known as to Gladwin's career. On appealing to Mr. Park- 
 man in person, the result was a charming morning among the roses at his 
 home on the banks of Jamaica Pond; but no information. Nor did a pro- 
 
 \]i 
 
 J J 
 
TiiK (!r,ATnviy manuscripth. 
 
 Ion^(>(1 sciircli .-iiiKin^' (lie I'MrUiiiiiii iiiaiiiiHci'ipIs in llif MiisNacIiiiHoHN 
 JliH(<»ri(iil Socitiv IJInaiv iidtl iiiiicli to llic iiicaj,'!*' slock <tf knowltHl^c 
 iilrciid.v aviiiliililc. The llMliliniiUKl iiud ltoii(|iici collcctioiiH of Icth-i-H 
 wrrc (li'invu upon Itotli ;is llicy iippcnr in piirl in llic pnltlislicd vcdiinit's 
 of the Micliiniin I'ionccr and liiHiorical Socicly and as Wwy cxiHt cnlirc 
 in niannscripl foi'ni al Ollawa; iail licrc ajjain (iif icsnils were simply 
 taiilali/.iu^. 
 
 McanUnw, a scarcli (liron};li (lie lllcs of liic (IcnIicnjau'HMafj'azino from 
 ITo") — the dale of (iladwin'H coming to Anifi-icu — to the cud of tlio ecu 
 (HIT. yielded I he dale of iiis death (17!U), and, what was more important, 
 (lie (hiles of (he marriaf^es of sevi'ial of his (hiiiyliters. II so hajjpens 
 that tlie family into which Mary, (iladwin's tidrd daiif?hter, nmrried. 
 tinds a jdace in Itnrke's Tonnly Families, and after repeated importuni- 
 ties, a lelter was received from (he preHen( represeu(ative of (hat family, 
 1{. 1). <le li»hau;;h. of llollinj-liourne, near Maidstone, who referred the 
 writer to Kev. Henry (iladwyu -leltb, of Fiibeck Hail, liotherham, York- 
 shire, who look a decided interest in (he ma(ter, and wli(» kindly sent the 
 manuscripts, copies of which are j,nven below. 
 
 NVith the assistance of (lie descendants of (ien. (Mad win the following 
 facts in regard to his life were brought to light : 
 
 HENRY tJLADWIN. 
 
 The (Jladwin family traces its descent from Thomas Gladwin, who 
 lived at r.oythrope. county Derby, and who was born about 1G05. He 
 was the father of Thomas Gladwin, Kscj., justice of the peace, of Tupton 
 Hall, who wii^s baptized in IGSO, and was high slieritt" of Derby county in 
 1(!G7. In 1(!()0 he had a grant of arms. lUs eldest son was Lemuel, from 
 whom descended Miss Lord, of Tupton Hall. Another son, John, had a 
 daughter, Doiothy, who niariied the Kight Honorable, the Earl of New- 
 bui'gli; and another daughter, Jane, who nuirried Gen. William Wyn- 
 yard. Tliere were nlso two naughters, ^lary and Dorothy. The second 
 son of Thomas was Henry Gladwin, with whom we have to do.^ 
 
 Henry Gladwin was born in 17;{(). The first record of him is found in 
 the British Army Lists for 1753. in which he appears as a lieutenant of 
 the 4Sth foot (advanced from 2d lieutenant, Irish half-pay). From the 
 Gentleman's Magazine* of 11')') we learn that Gladwin was a subaltern in 
 Colonel Dunbar's regiment at the time of the IJraddock defeat at Little 
 Meadows, and that he was among those who showed bravery on that oc- 
 casion is i)roved l)y the fact that he was among the eight wounded sub- 
 
 ' From a jiriiitcd slip lurnishod by ('apt. Richard Hbary Goodwin Gladwyn, of Hinchloywood, 
 DerbyshirD. 
 
THK (JLADWIN MANUSCltll'TH. 
 
 007 
 
 iiltcniH of liis rfnimciil. livf of liis fellow lifiiloiiimls liiivin^ Ixm-ii killcil. 
 HIh iiaiiio is s|»i'ilt'tl ••(lliiiiilwin' in the rfporl. Iml is coircrtlv siicllcd in 
 (iciK'i'iil llfiiddorU'soitlcrlv 1 k No. 1'. lis n-priiilfd in liOwdt'iiiiilk'H His- 
 tory of Cnnilx'iliinil. II wiis diiiiii^' (his tiini|>iiij{ii lliiil (iliidwiii ciinu' 
 under the notltc of !.ifulcn;iii( Colonel (!iij;(\ willi wlioiii he suslnined 
 most friendly reliilions in nfler veins.- It would lie very inteieslinn (o 
 know if ill lliis lime :i peisoiiiil ii<(|uiiinl;iine wjis formed between Lieu- 
 tenant (iliidwiii iind Tieoitfe Wnsliin^i loll. Init coiitiiiiii'd seiireli Ihrouuli 
 every hook iind doeiiiiienl likely to shed li;;iil on this iiiiitler fnils (o ^'Ivc; 
 even the slij;liteHt infoiiiiiitioii on the siiliji'ct. 
 
 in it letter from Sir detViey AiiihersI to Lord Ihirrlnuton. Secretary ftt 
 War, dated Crown Point. .\iif,nist 111. IT.V.t. we tlnd Ihic mention of 
 (i lad win:' 
 
 "1 now enclose to your Lordship * * as likewise a coiiy of a Ciuii- 
 "inissiou to serve as Major duriii^r the Cainpaittn that I Ihoii^'ht necessai'y 
 "for the pood of llis Majesty's Servire lo "iiaiit to <'aptaiii Cladwin as 
 "Eldest Captain of (Jape's, as Major (o thai KejiiiiK'nt- * * I hope my 
 "havinp ajtpointed Majors to the (Vu'ps diiiinp the <'ampaipn will meet 
 "with His Majesty's pracious apiirobalion." 
 
 On May 28, 17G(>, C.cn. AinlK'rst ordered (lladwiu from New York by 
 way of Fort IMtt, to relieve Nlapara. On his Avay he was to leave 1.^0 
 men at I'resii' Isle where lie was to throw up an intrenchment.' On his 
 way acr«>ss Lake Erie, (Jladwiii made a chart of the coast. 
 
 On Sopteinbor 9, VaudnMiil announced to the lieaujou at .Midiilimack- 
 inac, the capitulation of Montreal; and on October IS. Monckl(ui wrote 
 to Rouqu.^t that Amherst had ordered Major Kobert Hopers to Michili- 
 mackinac to take possession of the uiiper posts. With Hopers went 
 Captain Camiibell with a detachment to parrison Detroit. On the same 
 day .\nihersl wrote from Crown Point to the Duke of Itichmond:' 
 
 "I really am sorry that Your Orace's l»roieclion t(» Captain (lladwiu 
 "with the mention you were ])leased lo mak<' of his ]»roniolion, has not 
 "been attended with better success. I would renew my ajiplication to 
 "Lord Barrinpton, but I can exi)ect no pood elfect from it, since your 
 "Grace's mentioninp Cajilain (lladwiu has not taken jilace; this is the 
 "second Campaipn I have piven him a Commission to serve as Major, and 
 "if I may be allowed to forpet for a moment that he is recommended by 
 "Y'our Grace, it is a justice I owe to his Services, to say, the manner in 
 "which he has at all times commanded Gape's (the SOth Foot) C<u-ps does 
 
 2 See letter, (aadwin to Oape, in Olddwiu MSS 
 
 < Monckton to Bountiet, ',u\y fi, 176(1, lijiMuet Tapor.'^. 
 s British War Omco MO. . 
 
 •iifl 
 
 ' Hi 
 
 m 
 
608 
 
 TMK (Jf.ArtWIN MANUHCrnPTS. 
 
 "Iiini ^r<>iil lioiiiiur, tiiid iin ,voii liiivi* liicn ho m>ni\ to Hpt'iik for liini, I lin|i(> 
 "li(> will yet llic riiiiK nf Miijui' lu Hint IJi-yimciit, \'n\- I tlo nol know any 
 "< ';i|iiiiiii in ilir Ai'iiiv iiiorc tli'Ni rviii;; uf il." 
 
 Tlir l'.oii(|ii)'l rii|H'i'H, |M'iiil)'<l ill the Mirlii^iiii I'iniiii'i ami llislnrical 
 ( '(iljn iiiiiiH. ii\\>> iiil'oniialiuM as lo Ilic rcct'i'iioii of Major Ko^ci'm at 
 Pi'lniil anil t|i'S< riplioiiH ol I he |iosl ami of ht i mit lit't-. ( >ii .liilv ;!l), ITtit, 
 Major Walh'i's wiilcK lo |{oii(|ii<'l llial Sir William .loliiisoii ami Major 
 lllailwiii arc at Niayiira on lliiir wav to Dclroil. willi .".(Ml li^rlil infaiitrv; 
 iiihI till Aiiunsl II llir pai'lN hail rcarlii-d I'lrsij' Isle, (iiii. AmliciHt 
 n-porlol his ailioii lo ihc Sfrrclar.v of War. in a Ifltrr dated Albany. 
 Anj,'iisl |.'>, 17<il, as Jul lows:'' 
 
 "I havo sent a di'lachnii'iil of ihii'c hundred men lo I he r|i|ier Lakes 
 "nmler I lie command of Cipl. <lladwiii of <ia(>e's, and I have jndc:ed il 
 "lor I he jjood of His Majesty's Service to appoint Caittain ( iladwin (<» act 
 "as Major daring lliis Mxpedition. for wliicli I liave }:iveii him a Coiiiinis- 
 "sion. tlial I hope His Majesty wiil a|)prove of." 
 
 The extract from ( 'omiiiission ;iliove referred to. dated J'Jiid .June. I7(!l, 
 is as follows; 
 
 "My His l''.x<'ellency .lellfey Amherst. Mscire.. Major (Jeiieral ami Com- 
 "mander in Chief of all His .Majesty's l'"orces in Nctrtli .America, itc, iV:c., 
 &C, 
 
 "To Henry tihidwin. lOsiire.. Captain in His .Majesty's SOtli 1{e{rinK>nt 
 "of l.ifjlit Armed Foot.: 
 
 "Whereas I have Ihoiijiiil it reiniisite for tlie belter carryiii}; on of Ilia 
 "Majesty's Ser\ ice thai a Major should be appointed to His Majesty's 
 "Sdlii. or l\e;iinient of Unlit .\riiied Foot. I do l)y virtue of the Power and 
 ".\utlioiily to Tiie friveii and jifanted l»y His Majesty, hereby constitute 
 "and appoint you (obe .Major to the said lieninient, diirin}? this C'anipaipn 
 "only; after wliich you are lo return to the rank of Captain unless pro- 
 "vided for otherwise; you are tlierefore, &(•., &i'.'' 
 
 Captain Cani])bell reports (Aii|;iist 17) to liomiuet t]i(> arrival at 
 Detroit of Sir William Johnson and Majoi- (iladwin. and enlarges on the 
 unstinted hosjiitality that marked the visit. Sir William was convinced 
 that the Indiiin conspiracy apainst the Enplish was universal, a fact that 
 Amherst doubted. Tt also appears from I he corresiiondence that a Mr. 
 Theis had btiilt at Nia;;ara a schooin-r drawinji s(>ven feet of water and 
 carryinj; six {j;uns, to be commanded Ity fiieutenant Robertson; and a 
 sloop to carry ten puns. These wore the vessels that played such an im- 
 portant part in the Pfuitiac sei}ie. 
 
 In tlie ffstiviles and iie<foliat ions (iladwin had no pait. An attack of 
 fever ;ind aj;iie coiitined him lo his (pi;irlers; and il Wiis not until October 
 12 that he liad recovered suflficientlv to return." 
 
 f' Briti-li WiirOHiri. MSS. 
 
 'Micliinsii IMniiecr and llistoiic.al CoUecliouu. Vol. MX, p. Uii 
 
 r 
 
THK (II.ADNVIN MANUHCRIPTH. 
 
 AftiT Iciivtiijr Dftniit. (iliidwlii siiilcd foi- Kii^liiinl, iitul on >fiircli HO, 
 1 7«ili. lit" iiiiiiTird l''iiMi(CH, IIm' (liiiiKlilcr of lln' .. •. .Iniiii hfritlK"'. Tlu' 
 plioto^n'iipli tiikni rroni Mis. (MiHlwiu's |Mii'lntil hIiowh tliiil in middle lifo 
 bIu' wiiH a liandHKiiic wommi. Iiidi-td iil (li-sl ^'hiini' llic |M»itriii( would 
 Ix' tiikcii for II picliiic of Miiilliii \Viisliiii):loii. 'I'liiit ill Hit' iiu<' of IS hIh' 
 iiiiihI liiivf Ix'cii ii licMiitifiil ln'idc is ijuilf cvidciil; iiiid one (iiii rcjidily 
 believe lliiil il \>iiM Willi no litlli' lelinliiiice on both Hides (luit Hoon iiftei' 
 the iiiiiniiine the bridej,M'ooiii iipiin set his fiice lowiirdH the Amcrleail 
 w ilderiiesM. rei'lmj)H il was b.v wiiy (»•' ii wedding' present tliiit (ihidwin 
 WHS olTei !'d n majority in I5oin|iiet's re^'imeiit of Koyal Anieiieans; but lu^ 
 declined the prolTer, because he ptcferred to taki- his chaiK'es in the 
 I'ef^uhir Mi'itish army. The correspondence on the subject is to bo found 
 ill a lellei- Iroiii .Vmliersf dated .Jiini- l."». 17»>-, slating that he had 
 ffranted a comniiHsion to Major (Sladwin of W'ilinoll's (SOth p'oot) to suc- 
 ceed Major Walters in the U(»yal .\nieiican Kcjiinient; but in a subso- 
 quont letter (July UO, 17»)2) the (Jeneral states that Major (lladwin chose 
 to renuiin in the SOth Ueniinent. (lladwin exiilains his decision in a 
 letter to I{ou(|iiel. dated duly 2!». On Au)iiisl 1. wv m'\ tiace of (lladwin 
 at Nianaia; and on the L'l'.d he arrived at heiroil as c(Hiiiiiaiidiinl." 
 
 In Hoiuiuet's correspondence with (ien. Amherst durinj,' I7(i.'? there are 
 occasional references to (lladwin; but Uie latter seems to have been little 
 (riven to the use of his pen. From these licatlered references one learns 
 that Amherst had unbounded confidence in the younjr major; and tliat 
 while steps were taken to {jive him relief, yet the (rravity of his situation 
 durinp the lonp seifje seems not to have been ai>[)reciated at headiiuarters. 
 The letter from (lladwin to Amherst, ftiveii in th(> (lladwin MSS., dated 
 Noveiiibei- 1, I7(i:'>, states the conclusion of the wlude Ponliac matter. The 
 promotions }?iven to (iladwin later show that his services were apprec'i- 
 ated by Amherst, who hud the reputiition for preferrin}^ oilicers of ability 
 to officers who had family connections; and finally the l;ome authorities 
 Avere broujrht to {^rant reco(,'nition corresponding with (lladwin's d(>sert8. 
 
 While the seige of Tontiac was in progress. Sir JelTrey Amherst on 
 turning over his command to (rencral (^lage, on November 17, 17(».''i, said in 
 his instructions: "It was my intention that the tlM Keginient should 
 have garrisoned the Detroit and I'osts above, but as it has been found 
 impracticable for that Itegiment to advance from Tresii' Isle this season, 
 I have empowered Major (lladwin to keep up tlie SOth Regiment on such 
 an event." 
 
 It is not the intention liere to tell the well-known Kiory of Pontiacs* 
 seige of Detroit; but merely to give tlie hitherto unknown facts as to 
 Gladwin's life. In y volume of I'arkman's MSS., marked "Pontiac Mis- 
 cellanies, 17(14," is a letter from (lage to Hradstreet, dated at New York, 
 
 f' "I 
 
 "Hritirfli WaiOnicc MSS. 
 • Boiuiuot Papers. 
 
 77 
 
 m 
 
 iq 
 
 M 
 
610 
 
 THE GLADWIN MANUSCRIPTH. 
 
 October 15, 17()4, in wbicli Gen. (Jape slides that Gladwin had delivered 
 Bradstreet's letters of Aufjust 28 and 29; and on October 12th Gage (who 
 had sueceed<'d Anilieisi) wrott' to the Secretary of War:'" 
 
 "Major Gladwin having come here from Detroit, and his private affairs 
 "long ago reqiiii 111;.- I, is presence in England, I have given him leave to go 
 "iionu iH'forc llu' Sdth Jicgiiiifiit to \vhich he belongs is reduced. ^^ 
 
 "The Services this Gentleman had performed will alone be sufficient to 
 "recommend him to your Protection. I would only presume to hope that 
 "his merit will procure him the same rank tliat every other Officer has 
 "hitherto obtained who has served in the Station of Deputy Adjutant 
 "General." 
 
 From Gladwin's letter to Gen. Gage, dated Stubbing, England. Febru- 
 ary 24. J774. ])rinted in the Gladwin MSS., we And that he had settled 
 down to the life of :i country gentleman, after having been presented at 
 Court. lie never saw further military service, and died on June 22, 
 17!)1. 
 
 The obittiary notic<^ in. the Gentleman's Magazine for July, 1791, is as 
 follows: 
 
 "After a long illness at his seat at Stubbing, near Chesterfield, county 
 "Derby, ^lajorgeneral Gladwin, an oflicer of great merit. He had served 
 "a. long 1ir;e in America, where he was wounded at the action with the 
 "Fren< h and Indians at ilie back settlements on the banks of the river 
 "Ohio, in July. 1755, when (Jen. P.raddock, the English commander, uu • 
 "happily lost his life." 
 
 Gladwin was buried in the ^Vingerworth Church, and the inscription 
 1 his monum''nt is as follows: 
 
 "Here lieth the remains of General II. Gladwin. He departed this life 
 "on the 22nd day of June. 1794, in the 02d year of his age. He was dis- 
 "tinguished by all those private and social duties which constitute to the 
 "man and the ('hristhm. Early trained to arms and martial deeds he 
 "sought for fame amidst the toils of hostile war, with that ardour which 
 "animates the breast of a bi-.Mve soldier. On the i)lains of North America 
 "he reaped the laurels al ilir battles of ^'iagara and Ticonderoga, in 
 "which he was wounded. His courage was conspicuous and his memor- 
 'able defence of Foit Detroit against the attack of the Indians will 
 ■'long be iccorded in the annals of a grateful country. 
 
 "Also Mary and Henry, son and daughter of the aforesaid General H. 
 "Gladwin and his wife, who died in infancy; ]M.irtha Gladwin, their 
 "daughter, died October 17, 1817, aged o2. 
 
 "Also Frances, sister of the late John Deridge, of Derby, M. D., and 
 "widow of the ab(«ve General Gladwin, died October Ki, 1817, aged 74 
 "years." 
 
 10 Britii-h War OMico MSS. 
 
 " The SOtli Regimoat \va>(ii>l)!iiulBd i)u jtli Uocember. 1761. 
 
 r 
 
THE GLADWIN MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 eii 
 
 It is probable tliat (ho inonuuK'iit: (u (iladwiii was crccicd a consider- 
 able time after bis death, for Ihe date {jiveii thereon, lTi»l. is three years 
 later than his death a(tiiall3- oecnrred, as is prove^l by the record in the 
 (rendeniaii's ^lajiazine (juoted above. 
 
 (Jladwin's eldest son. Charles Dakeyne of lleliiioni and Slnbhinj;-, was 
 born in 177.') and died in ISit, leavinj- one dan<;hler. (iladwin's danj-h- 
 ter, Prances, married June 1), ISll, Francis Goodwin, Ksquire, of Mai»le- 
 ton. He bequeathed all his estates lo h.s nephew, the Kev. lieui'y John- 
 son (ioodwin, of Iliuchleywood, county Derby, fioLu whom they des- 
 cended to Captain liichard Henry Goodwin, late captain of the (Mh Foot, 
 who assumed the additional name and arms of (Jladwiu a year after be 
 came into the property. 
 
 Captain Gladwin, under the date of January 2, 1894, v.rites me that he 
 has no record of tJen. Gladwin's early life, and that un-^ortunately wiien 
 he came into the estate all papers and records had been destroyed. He, 
 however, sent photographs of General and Mrs. Gladwin, and a copy 
 of tlie monument inscription as given above. 
 
 Gen. Gladwin's second daughter, Dorothy, married, January 4, 1792, 
 Joshua Jebb, Esquire, whose descendant, the Rev. Henry Gladwyu Jebb, 
 under the date of December 27, ISO-'?, wi'iles me: 
 
 "I had hoi)ed to send you some information by this day's mail on the 
 "subject of my great grand-father, General Gladwin. The Derbyshire 
 ''house and home of the Gladwins is Tupton Ifall, in North Wingfield 
 "Parish, near Chesterfield, which was built in IGU, and has b( en altered 
 "scarcely at all since an addition built about 1G7(). The line of Gladwin 
 "merged into an heiress nearly two hundred years ago, and her descend- 
 "ants, a family named Lord, lived there until recently, when tb.^ last of 
 "her line died and left the estate to strangers. I had then, however, the 
 "opportunity of buying all the family pictures, one a group of ten, Thomas 
 "Gladwin and bis wife, down to a baby. I got one bit of Gladwin plate, 
 "dated like the picture 1072, a good deal of old furniture and some old 
 "books. 
 
 Tbe MSS. given below were among the papers obtained by :Mr. Jebb, 
 who sent them to me on March 12, 1894, saying: 
 
 "At last I have come u])on letters relating to Major (i lad win, wl;ich 1 
 "hope may prove interesting to you. I have not time just now ro copy 
 "tbeni or even to read them through." 
 
 Mary, the third daughter of Gen. Gladwin, married November 29, 1800, 
 Baldwin Duppa, Dujjpa Esquire, of Hollingburn. near ^laidstone, Kent, 
 the ]»resent representative of which family is K. do Uphaugh, Esq., of 
 Hollingrmrn, who in my case proved the key to the other descendants of 
 Gladwin, since it was through his kind otrices that I was put in communi- 
 cation with them. 
 
 n 
 
 M 
 
612 
 
 THE GLADWIN MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 IIENUY GLADWIN ANI> THE SIEOK OF I'ONTIAC 
 
 f; 
 
 :,l 
 
 The conquest of Canada by the English brouglit about several read- 
 juslmenls within Ihe territory now included in (he State of Michigan. 
 The only settlements were at Detroit, at Mackinac (Michilimackinac), at 
 Sank Ste. Marie and St. ,Tosei)h; and of these only the ones at Detroit 
 and Mackinac were of importance. The seat of government was trans- 
 ferred from Quebec to New York, whence tJeneral Jeffery Amherst exer- 
 cised miltary control over the posts. Under him Colonel Bouquet at 
 Fort Fitt (Fittsburg) ranked the commundant at Detroit; but the latter 
 held a general control over the upper lake posts and reported directly 
 to General Amherst. Indian alVairs w«'re in charge of Sir William John- 
 son, whose headcjuarters, at Johnson Uall in the present State of New 
 York, swarmed with Indian retainers and dependents, as well as with his 
 own half-breed children. I'nder Sir William was his deputy, George 
 Croghan, who was constantly engaged in going from tribe to tribe in his 
 eftorts to keep the peace. 
 
 Along the Atlantic coast an American population of English and 
 Dutch descent peopled the country. Nominally colonists, these peoph; 
 formed practically a group of independent states, only awaiting the com- 
 ing of events already foreshadowtd to coalesce into a new nation. From 
 this sturdy civilization the lake region was completely cut oti by the 
 Alleghanies, a barrier not to be crosshod at all until the close of the Revo- 
 lution; and for Michigan not until long rfter that date. As under the 
 French, so under the English, the lake region continued to be held by 
 garrisons maintained in an Indian country for the protection of the fur- 
 trade. The diOiculties of tlie situat<on arose from the fact that the 
 Indians disputed the right of the French to dispose of the country to the 
 English; while on their part, the English, having no longer to fear the 
 French power, took less and less pains to conciliate the Indians. 
 
 Captain Donald Campbell, as he fc<'ttled down for a long winter at 
 Detroit (1700), was not ill pleased with his situation.- The fort was 
 large and in good rei>i.ii, with two bastions towards the river and a large, 
 strong bastion towards the Isle an Cochon (Belle Isle); two six-pounders 
 and three mortars made up the battery. Within the high palisades 
 some seventy or eighty houses liued the narrow streets. The fertile 
 
 1 Road before the Michigan Pioneer and Historical Society, at the »"""»! rafet'"8> 1*^':.^?,'?'^'''' 
 ropiinteit from Itarper':^ Magaziuo for Jr ne. 1897, by permission of Hari)er .t Brothers. ( cpj riglited. 
 
 ■i Capt. Canipbell had beea left in command of the British Karrison at Detroit by Major Eobert 
 Hogers, to whom the post was surrendered, on November 29, 1760, by M, Beletre, the trench 
 commandaQt. 
 
 
THE GLADWIN MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 613 
 
 couutry along both banks of lln river Wi.s cut into narrow farms front- 
 ing on llie water and extending back into the endless forest. The 
 Indians living in the vicinity of the Fort, as well as the settlers, looked 
 to the commandant for both justice' and sui»i>lies. Tlie soldiers were 
 contented, a fact which the cajjtain asciHu'd to tlie absence of rum; and 
 the Indians were seemingly friendly, although tlie supplies issued to 
 them were meagre in extreme. The social life at Detndt especially 
 l)leased the gray-haired bachelor commandant. The women surpassed 
 his expectations; and the men, although very independent, were ever 
 ready for pleasure. The Sunday card parties at the commandant's quar- 
 ters, attended by both sexes, gave to life at Detroit a zest not known at 
 Fort I'itt; and at a ball, given in honor of tlie King's birtliday, the array 
 of ladies was so fine as to call forth Captain Campbell's hearty com- 
 mendations, in one of his numerous gossipy letters to Colonel Bouquet. 
 Moreover, both the French and the Indians were as fond of the pleasure- 
 loving captain as their tickle natures would allow. 
 
 During the summer, however, emissaries from the Six Nations came to 
 Detroit with large belts, for the j)urpose of stirring up a general warfare 
 against the English. Matters became so serious that Sir Jelfrey Amherst 
 thought best to send Sir William Johnson to make a treaty at Detroit, 
 and to dispatch Major (jladwin with three h udred light infantry to 
 strengthen he western posts. On their arrival in September, Sir ^^'il- 
 liam stated his conviction that the conspiracy against the English was 
 universal; but this opinion was not shared by General Amherst. The 
 latter thought the Indians incapable of doing serious harm, but ordered, 
 by way of precaution, that they be kept short of powder. 
 
 The visit of Sir William Johnson was the greatest social event that 
 the people of Detroit had ever known. C'aptain Campbell was in his ele- 
 ment. On Sunday evening he gave a ball to which he invited about 
 twenty of the French maidens of the settlement. Tlie dance began at 
 eight o'clock in the evening and lasted until five next morning. It was 
 opened by Sir William and Mademoiselle Cuillerie, the daughter of the 
 principal French trader; and her black eyes made such a lasting impres- 
 sion on the gallant Indian agent that the exchange of compliments 
 between them appears in the correspondence for several years, the last 
 mention being found in a letter from James Stirling, who, on behalf of 
 his wife, returns hearty thanks for Sir William's civilities to her, four 
 years previous. Before leaving Detroit, Sir William also gave a ball, 
 and on this occasion the dancing continued for eleven hours. There was 
 also a round of dinners and calls, at which wincs and cordials were 
 served without stint; presents were showered upon the Indians, and 
 
 8 Gladwin MSS, Warrant isened by Sir Jeffery Amherst to Major Henry Gladwin, for the trial and 
 ezecntion of the eenteuces in the case of two Panis (Pawnee) Blaves for tb mnrder of John Clapham. 
 The original warrant was in my possession. 
 
ri 
 
 '\''i 
 
 
 614 
 
 THE GLADWIN MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 allor ihc liiiiil coumil all llu- i)rln('ii)al inliabilants dined with llio diplo 
 mat of 1 ho forest. . 
 
 In all these festivilies Major Gladwin had no part. Lvuif; in a little 
 lionse, within heariiif;- of the lively liddle and the lau-hter of the dancers, 
 (he fever of the eonnlry laeUed his bones and made him Ion},' for his 
 Derbyshire honi.". At eveninj.- Sir William would visit him to talk over 
 the eV.-nts of tlie day and plan for tlie fat ore; and it was not until the 
 middle of October that (Jladwiii was able to leave for Fort William 
 Aiifjnstns on his way to Kn}j;land. 
 
 In .Inly, lT<i2, the Indians learned with satisfaction that England was 
 at war with Spain, and soon the report spread far and wide that the 
 French and Spanish were to retake Qnebec and all Canada. Here at last 
 was the chance for which the sa varies had been waiting. With the help 
 of the French they conld drive out the English, and once more receive 
 solicitous attention from both nations. At this juncture Major Glad- 
 win agiiin ai)peared at Detroit, this time with orders to establish posts 
 ou Lake Superior and to exercise general supervision over the north- 
 western establishments. Gaptain Campl)ell, although now somewhat 
 wearied by the sameness of garrison pleasures, remained as second in 
 eommand; and the favor in which he was held by both the French and 
 llie Indians was a decided help to the adroit and business-like Gladwin. 
 For company the ollicers had Sir Kobert Da vers, an Englishman of edu 
 cation and adventurous disposition, who had been exploring the Lake. 
 
 Superio?- country.* 
 
 As Spring came and the February thaws and March rains loosened the 
 ice bonds that for three long months had locked Detroit from the world, 
 (jladwin at evening must often have stood on the platform within the 
 palisades to look out on the tumultuous river, where the great ice cakes 
 from Lake Ste. Claire, t-imbling over each other like marine monsters at 
 play, were hurrying down to the warmer waters of Lake Erie. By day 
 the' details of administration kept him busy. The French merchants 
 witliin the fort grumbled at the increased taxes imposed for the support 
 of a garrison much larger than their own king had maintained; the out- 
 lying posts were conlinually sending for supplies; General Amherst was 
 cautioning against gifts of ammunition and rum to the Indians; and the 
 savages, having bartered their furs for liquor at Niagara, had no means 
 of obtaining the necessaries of life from the traders at Detroit. Some of 
 the French and Indians complained that Gladwin called them dogs, and 
 drove them from hi^ house; and the subsequent career of those persons 
 who made the charges shows that the commandant was an excellent 
 judge of human nature. 
 
 ♦ All contemporary accounts agree in speaking of " Sir" Robert Davers; bnt there was no such per- 
 son in the baronetage of Kngland. Rob»rt Davers, an elder son of bir Richard Davers was living at 
 this time ; but died before coming into the title. The family lias since become extinct. 
 
 T 
 
 
T 
 
 i 
 
 THE GLADWIN MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 616 
 
 Confident of the power of KuKljind 1o hold all Ihiit she liiid fjained from 
 Frjuice, Gladwin had no suspicions that the Indians would foolishly rush 
 to their own destruction by an attack on the JSritish i)osts. Living 
 behind pali8ades,and surronnded by a cordon of discontented and intrigu- 
 ing French, Gladwin could have no accurate knowledge of the mis- 
 chief that for montlis had been jilotted by the Ottawa ch'ef, Pontiac, who 
 had established himself, witli his wives, on the narrow Isle a la Peche 
 (Peach Island), rising above the waters of Lake Ste. Claire and concealed 
 from the view of the fort by the thickly wooded Isle an Cochon. There 
 is no reason to believe that Pontiac had impressed himself ui)on Gladwin 
 as being in any way distinguished above the other cliiefs, and doubtless 
 many of the reports — like those of Kogers— of the Ottawa's striking per- 
 sonality are too highly colored. The fact remains, however, that now, 
 at the age of fifty, Pontiac was in the full vigor of his power over the sur- 
 rounding tribes, and that, during his connection with the whites, his 
 keen intelligence had absorbed valuable military knowledge. According 
 to his own account, he had saved the French at Detroit from massacre 
 in 1746, when the great chief Mickinac (the Turtle) came with his north- 
 ern bands "to carry off the head of the French commander and eat his 
 heart and drink his blood." Doubtless, too, he had led the Ottawas at 
 Little Meadows in 1755, when Gladwin for the first time heard the 
 Indian warwhoop. At a great council (April, 1763), held on the banks 
 of the River Ecorses, below Detroit, Pontiac had related to the supersti- 
 tious Indians a dream wherein tlie Great Spirit sent his message that 
 they were to cast aside the weapons, the manufactures and the rum of 
 the white men, and with help from aboA-e, drive the dogs in red from 
 every post in their country. The superstitious Indians heard with awe 
 the voice from on high, and left the council prepared to obey the sum- 
 n\ons. 
 
 Detroit being the chief i)oint of attack, Pontiac took upon i. aself the 
 plan for surprising and massacring the garrison. On May 1, forty Otta- 
 was danced the calumet danc(> before < ihulwin's liouse. This visit was 
 for the purpose of spying out tlie land. Four days later, M. Gouin, a sub- 
 stantial French settler, brought word that his wife, while visiting the 
 Ottawa camp to buy venison, had seen the Indians filing oil' the ends of 
 their gun barrels, evidently preparing for some deed of treachery. On 
 the evening of the 6th (5 lad win received private information that tho 
 next day had been set for the destruction of liis garrison. The exact 
 source of this private information is still a matter of doubt. Lieutenant 
 McDougall, who doubtless knew the secret, gives no hint in his report. 
 Mr. C. M. Burton makes the not impossible suggestion that Mademoi- 
 selle Cuillerie, whose father and brother untiuestional)ly knew of the con- 
 spiracy, put Major Gladwin on his guard, and that James Stirling, who 
 
 
 J\' 
 
r 
 
 616 
 
 THE GLADWIN MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 . 
 
 If 
 
 w 
 
 11 : 
 
 < t ■ 
 
 if 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 aflcrwiinls Ix-iiiiiK' licr Imsbiind. was well rewarded by the British for 
 the linu'ly waniinj,'.'' The reward which Slirliii}; received, liowever, 
 iiilKht \Vfll have been fjiven becaussi' lie became I lie leader of the French 
 citizens when they at last determined to support Gladwin. Cai-ver, who 
 visited Detroit live years after ll\e events to be described, and who pub- 
 lislied three editions of his "Travels throuph North America" while 
 Gladwin was still livinfr, relates without contemporary contradiction, a 
 story that Cass accepted with little hesitaticm and that I'arkman clings 
 to in spite of the doubts thrown ujton it by investigations he himself 
 made suliseciuent to the first edition of his "Consitiracy of Pontiac." 
 
 The evening of May 7th, according to Carver," an Indian giil who had 
 been employed by Major Gladwin to make him a pair of moccasins out of 
 curious elk skin, brought her work home. The Major was so pleased 
 with tlie moccasins that, intending them as a present to a friend, he 
 ordered her to take back the remainder of the skin to make a pair for 
 him. Raving been paid and dismissed, the woman loitered at the door. 
 Gladwin was quick enough to see that something was amiss. Being 
 urged to tell her trouble, she said, after much hesitation, that as he had 
 always behaved with mucli goodness to her, she was unwilling to take 
 away the remainder of the skin, because he put so great a value upon it 
 and she should never be able to bring it back. His curiosity being now 
 excited, he insisted that she disclose the secret that seemed to be strug- 
 gling in her bosom for utterance. At last, on receiving a promise that, 
 the intelligence she was about to give him should not turn to her preju- 
 dice, and tliat if it appeared to be beneficial she should be rewarded for 
 it, she informed him that at the council to be held with the Indians the 
 following day, Tontiac and his chiefs intended to murder him; and, after 
 having massacred the garrison and inhabitants, to plunder the town. 
 Gladwin then dismissed her Avith injunctions to secrecy and a promise 
 
 of re.vard. 
 
 A story at once so romantic and so widely accepted deserves tender 
 treatment; but in the Barkumn manuscripts tliis same tale is found in 
 the mouth of one of Roger's soldiers, who, as Cass proves, could not have 
 known the facts. The truth i)robably has been related by the unknown 
 author of the Pontiac Diary. This writer says that an Ottawa Indian 
 called Mahigan, who had entered but reluctantly into the conspi- 
 racy, and who felt displeased with the steps his people were taking, came 
 on Friday night, without the knowledge of the other Indians, to the gate 
 of the Fort and asked to be admitted to the presence of the commander, 
 
 ^> Mr^Bnrton relies on this paHsagein a letter from Msjor Henry Baeset to Haldinjand, dated at Detroit 
 Ancnet 29, n7H, ten years after the sieRe: ' 1 beg to recon.niend Mr. James Stirling, who is the first Mercht. 
 at this place & a gentleman, of good character, doriug the late war, throngh a Lfidy, that he then coorted, 
 from whom he had the beet information, was in part the means to save this garneon. -Mich. f. and ti. 
 
 Coi.Voi. 19, p. an. 
 
 « Carver is clearly wrong in his date. MacDonald gives May 6, Friday, as the day of the dieclognre. 
 
 u 
 
 
r 
 
 THE GLADWIN MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 et? 
 
 sayinp that he had soniethiiif; of iiuportanot' to tell him. The pates hav- 
 inp been opeiuul, he was conducted to Captain ( 'ampbell, second in com- 
 mand, wlio sent for (Madwin. Tliey wislu'd to call in the interpreter, 
 Labntte, bnt the Indian objected, saving that lie could make himself 
 understood in French. He unfolded the conHi>inicy of the Indians, and 
 told how they would fall on the Enplish next day. Having obtained a 
 pledge of secrecy and having refused i)resen(s lest the Indians should 
 discover his treachery and kill him, he left the fort secretly. The writer 
 adds that Gladwin made a jtromise not to disclose the source of his infor- 
 mation, and that he kept it.' 
 
 The crisis had come in the life of the young commandant of his 
 majesty's forces at Detroit. Although he could not then have known 
 the extent of the widespread conspiracy which Pontiac had i)lanned; yet 
 he did know that his steadfastness and his knowledge of Indian warfare 
 were about to be put to the test. Gladwin was a soldier by choice and 
 by training, and the seven years he had spent in England's service on the 
 frontiers had not been without its hard lessons. In 1755 he had landed 
 on the banks of the Potomac as a lieutenant in the ill-fated Braddock 
 expedition. He was one of that band of glittering officers whom the pro- 
 vincial soldier, George Washington, had envied as they congregated in 
 the old Braddock House at Alexandria, whose now bare but stately stair- 
 case and broad halls seem still to be peopled by the ghosts of fair ladies 
 and dashing soldier gallants of a century and a quarter ago. In the 
 ambush of Little Meadows he had learned from the brave yet cautious 
 young Virginian that the military science of the old world was out of 
 place in battling with tlie denizens of the American forests; and in the 
 campaif ns against Ticonderoga and Niagara this new knowledge had 
 stood him in good stead. Scarcely more than a year previous he had 
 given a hostage to fortune by leading to the altar of the little Winger- 
 wort church in Derbyshire a beautiful girl of nineteen, from whose side 
 military duties in America too quickly recalled him. As the prospective 
 head of an old and honorable 'county family, yet with little besides his 
 profession of arms to give him support ard reputation, Henry Gladwin, 
 at the nge of thirty-three, must have realized that the peril which now 
 faced the King's supremacy was for him the door to success or to failure 
 in life, according as he should succeed or fail to hold the post of 
 Detroit against the savages whose hostility and crafty treachery now 
 threatened it. And yet, perhaps the warning of danger to come might 
 be without foundation, as so many other warnings had proved to be. 
 Perhaps the prudent, if fickle, Indians were bent merely on extorting 
 
 ' Tbe Pontiac Diary was written in Fronch, prcibably by onn of the priests of St. Anne's. It was fonnd 
 in the roof of a Canariian honse that was beinR torn down. Three translations exist, one in mannscript 
 is among the Parkman MHS. in the Library of the Maesachusetts Historical Society : another is to be 
 fonnd in Schoolcraft's second volnme; and the other in Vol. 8, Michigan Pioneer Collections. The origi- 
 nal has been lost tbrongh the carelessness of persons connected with the old Michigan Historical 
 Soeiety; and the loss ie a serioas one. 
 
 78 
 
Tj^sy? 
 
 rryri^LL 'T 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
 fi! 
 
 618 
 
 THE OLADWIN MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 more proBonts and a more lil.cial poilioii of rum. IVrhaps the serene 
 river was a pathway of peace ami not of war; perhaps the stillness of the 
 trackless forest was not destined to be broken by the warwhoop and the 
 death cry. If it was to be war he would be found neither unprepared 
 nor want ins in the determination that marks the soldier. In either 
 event, the morrow would tell the story. 
 
 About ten o'clock the next niorninp, as Carver relates, Tontiac and his 
 chiefs arrived, and were conducted to the council chamber, where Glad- 
 win and his principal officers awaited their cominp. As the Indians 
 passed on thev could not help observin}; a preater number of troops than 
 usual drawn up on the parade. No sooner had the Indians entered the 
 council chamber and seated themselves on the skins prepared for them, 
 than rontiac asked the commandant why his younp men, meaninR the 
 soldiers, were thus drawn up, and parading the streets. "To keep them 
 perfect in their exercise," was the answer. 
 
 The:. Pontiac bepan to protest his friendship and pood will towards 
 the English; and when he came to deliver the belt of wampum, which, 
 according to the warning, was to be the sipnal for his chiefs to fire, "the 
 governor and all his attendants drew their swords halfway from their 
 scabbards; and the soldiers at the same instant made a clattering with 
 their arms before the doors, which had been purposely left open. Even 
 I'ontiac trembled, and instead of giving the belt in the manner proposed, 
 delivered it according to the usual way. His stolid chiefs, who had 
 expected the signal, continued quiet, awaiting the result." 
 
 Gladwin, in his turn, made a speech. Instead of thanking Pontiac for 
 the professions of friendship just uttered, he accused him of being a 
 traitor. He said that the English, who knew everytliing, were convinced 
 of Pontiac's treachery and villainous designs. Then, reaching down to 
 the Indian chief seated nearest him, he drew aside his blanket, discover- 
 ing the shortened firelock. This entirely disconcerted tne Indians. 
 InasiJuch as he had given liis word at the time they desired an audience 
 that their persons should be safe, Gladwin said he would hold his pro- 
 mise inviolable, though they so little deserved it. However, he advised 
 them to make the best of their way out of the fort, lest his young 
 men, on being acquainted with their treacherous purposes, should 
 cut everyone of them to pieces. Pontiac endeavored to contradict the 
 accusation, and to make excuses for his suspicious conduct; but Gladwin 
 refused to listen, and the Indians sullenly left the fort. 
 
 Late that afternoon six warriors returned, bringing with them an old 
 squaw, saying that she had given false information. Gladwin declared 
 that she had never given any kind of advice.* When they insisted that he 
 name the author of what he had heard in regard to a plot, he simply 
 
 > Rogers' Jonrnal. Doabtleee this is the origin of the romaaoe of the lodian girl. 
 
T 
 
 THE GLADWIN MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 619 
 
 replied llial it wiiH one of UieinselveH, wlioHe luiiiie lie i)romiHe(l lU'ver to 
 reveal. \Vhereiii>oii, lliev went ((iViiiHl carried the old woman with (hem. 
 When (iie.v arrived in camp, I'oniiae seized the piiHctner and j,mve her 
 (liri'e strokes with a stiek on the head, whieh laid her Hat on the uroiiud, 
 and (he wliole nation assembled around her, and called. "Kill lu-r! kill 
 her." 
 
 The next day was Sunday, and la(e in (he afternoon I'ondac and scv 
 enil of his chiefs paddled across (he placid river to smoke the pipe of 
 peace with the oHicers of the fort. (Jladwin, suspicious of so m\ich pro 
 testation, refused to j?<> near them; but Captain Campbell, unwilling to 
 lose a chance to pacify the Indians, smoked the peace-pipe with them 
 outside the fort and took back to Gladwin the messafrc that next day all 
 the nation would come to counci', where everything would be settled to 
 the satisfaction of (he English, af(er which the Indians would imme 
 diately disperse, so as to remove all suspicion. 
 
 At ten o'clock next morniuj; the anxious watchers beliind the palisades 
 saw a fleet of canoes comin«; around the lower point of the long island, 
 and as the swift-darting boats, hurried by paddle and current, covered 
 the three miles of water the soldiers counted tifty-six of these barks, each 
 carrying seven or eight Indians. The bows of the canoes rested lightly 
 on the sand of the sloping bank, and the warriors made their way to the 
 fort only to find the gates fast barred against them, instead of the cor 
 dial welcome they expected, an interpret<>r met them with the message 
 that not above sixty chiefs might enter. Whereupon Pontiac, enraged at 
 seeing the futility of all his stratagems, and yet confident of ultimate 
 success, in his most peremptory manner bade the interpreter say to 
 Gladwin that if all the Indians had not free access to the fort, none of 
 them would enter it. "Tell him," said the angry chief, "that he may stay 
 in his fort, and that I will keep the country." Then Pontiac strode to 
 his canoe and paddled for the Ottawa village. His followers, knowing 
 that the fight was on, ran like fiends to the house of an English 
 woman and her two sons, whom they tomahawked and scalped. An- 
 other party paddled swiftly to Isle au Cochon, where they first killed 
 twenty- mr of King George's bullocks, and then put to death an old Eng- 
 lish sergeant. Afterwards, the Canadians buried the mutilated corpse; 
 but on returning to the spot, so tradition i;elatts, they were surprised to 
 see an arm protruding from the grave. Thrice the dirt was heaped 
 above the body, and thrice the arm raised itself above the ground, until 
 the mound was sprinkled with holy water; then the perturbed spirit left 
 the body in peace never since disturbed. Having put to death all the 
 English outside the fort, the Indians sent to Gladwin a Frenchman to 
 report both the killing of the woman and her children and also the mur- 
 der of Sir Robert Davers, Captain Robertson and a boat's crew of six 
 
 Vi 
 
620 
 
 THE (II.ADWIN MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 pt'i-HoiiH," who \\iu\ Imtii Hfiil t(» till' Ht. Oliiir IImIh let iHmcovci- a paHHiiKt' 
 for one of (ho Hchooncrs bound to Micliiliniiukinac. Tliiw iiifoniialioii 
 irniovcd all liiip'iiiiK doiiltlH Ihiil tlic IiuliaiiH wt-rc (IcU-niiincd to wipo 
 out the KM},'liHh at Detroit. 
 
 On h'lH iclnni to the Ottawa vilhiK"', I'onthic ordfi'ed the squaws tn 
 iluinj,'e the camp to the vvcMtern bank, above the fort. As the nipht 
 nilstH j,'alliered upon tlie tireh'HH river, droitiiiuK a curtain between the 
 tjreat chief and his enemies, Toiitiac liiniHelf, huleouH in war paint, 
 leaped into tlie center of tlie rinjj; of braven, and tlourisliin},' his toma- 
 hawk, be^an to cliant the record of his valorous deeds. One by one the 
 liHleninK braves, catchinf,' the c(mlat,Mon from their mighty chief, were 
 drawn into the rin^, until at last j'very savage was wildly dancing the 
 war-dance. There was no sleep for the f,'arrison that night. (Jladwiu, 
 as he paced the wide street that encircled the buildings of the fort just 
 within the pickets, took council with himself as to how he might with- 
 stand his crafty enemies, liurning arrows, silent messengers of destruc- 
 tion, might easily set fire to the four score or more Avooden buildings 
 within the enclosure; and the church, standing near the palisades, was 
 particularly exposed, unless, indeed, the superstitious Indians should 
 hearken to their only less superstitious French allies, who had threatened 
 the savages with the vengeance of the Oreat Spirit if they should 
 attempt to destroy the house of (Jod. The two six-pounders, the three- 
 pounder and the mortars composing the battery of the fort were of little 
 avail against an enemy that fouglit singly and from behind trees or what- 
 ever protection the oi)portunitie8 might alTord; but, on the other hand, 
 an English head above the pickets or an English body at a port hole was 
 the sure lodgment for an Indian bullet. The garrison was made up of 
 one hundred and twenty-two soldiers and eight oflicers, together with 
 about forty fur-traders and their assistants. These traders would light 
 to save their lives, but were inclined to the French rather than to the 
 English. Between this little garrison and the thousand savages was a 
 single row of palisades made by planting logs close together so that they 
 would stand twenty-tive feet above ground. Blockhouses at the angles 
 and at the gates afforded additional protection; and, best of all, the 
 brimming river, wliose IHtle waves lapped the sandy shore near the south 
 line of palisades, gave an abundant water supply. A schooner and a 
 sloop, both armed, might be relied on to keep open the line of communi- 
 cation with Niagara, whence Major Walters would send supplies. Pro- 
 motion would be the reward of success; the torture-stake the penalty of 
 failure. 
 
 The chill that comes before dawn was in the air when Gladwin joined 
 the anxious watchers in the blockhouse. The placid river seemed a 
 
 *.See ClairraoDt's testimony . Qladwin MSS. 
 

 THE OLADWIN MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 621 
 
 (fivat iniri'of rollcctiii); tlu* lifi(;lit<'r Htiii-N. (iiiHltiiilly iUv blai'; oiitlineH 
 (if low fai'iii Ikmisi'n iiiiii (iK'ircliii^r uiuhIh iiiclli'd into ^niy; iiimI then 
 Ix-voiid tlu> wootlfd 'iHliiiHl II (liwr iil' iiiollcii K<>l<l> piisliiii^ itNcIf hi^^lu'i 
 and lii^licr, made of I lie deep wat* th a Itioad palliwav of HhiMiincriiiK 
 lijjlit. On the low blnlY far np tin- livrr, (iladwin'H anxionH eye dlHOOv- 
 t'l'cd llic lodfjcH of I'onliac's OtIawaH, wlio, nndcr Hit- ("((vcr of llu' ni(jlit, 
 had pachlh'd ai'oniitl lht> iicad of the ishind and noiHch-Hsly t'stahliHlicd 
 tlieniHt'lvcN ahovc tlic line of French fai'inhcMiscs. This meant a nie^je; 
 and UH the eoinnuiiKhint was still ui>^'>»K <<* ll>*' pit'pa rat ions for war, a 
 patterinj: of bulletH against the blockhouse announced the be^innin); of 
 hostilities. 
 
 During]; the morning; a party of W.vandotles, sntninoned by Pontine to 
 a council, stopped at the fort on their way. Fortitled by EnRllsh rum, 
 they went off to the meetin(,'-i>lace under promise to (Jladwin that they 
 would do all they could to apjiease the Ottavvas and dissnad<' them from 
 further liostilities. Next came a ninuber of the French settlers, brinj?- 
 ing with them chiefs of the Ottawas, Wyandot tes, Chijtpewas and I'ot- 
 tawattamies, who told (Jladwin that almost all the French had gathered 
 at the house of tlu' trader M. (Miillerie, where the Indians were to hold 
 their council. They assured Gladwin that if he would allow (Japtain 
 Campbell"* and another otlicer to go to the council, it would not be hard 
 to persuade the Indians to make peace. At any rate, it could do no harm 
 to try; for both the French and the Indians promised to see that the 
 popular old Captain and his companion returned in safety that very 
 night. Gladwin, having little hojje of turning Pontiac from his pur- 
 poses, was reluctant to intrust Captain Cam])bell to their hands; but the 
 Captain, relying on the friendsliij) that had existed between him and the 
 savages, no less than on the j)romises of tlie French, urged to be allowed 
 to go to the council. The deciding influence which brought Gladwin to 
 consent was the absolute necessity of getting into the fort a supply of 
 corn. Hour and bear's grease; for the garrison had in store not more than 
 enough for three weeks. So-, while Captain Campbell and Lieutenant 
 McDougall went off with high hopes, the prudent commandant, under 
 cover of the darkness, set about gathering provisions from the French 
 settlers across the river. 
 
 Scarcely had the embassy of peace crossed the cleared space about the 
 fort than they were met by M. Gouin, who tirst urged and then begged 
 them not to trust their lives in the hands of the now excited Indians. 
 The appeal was vain. Yet even while the party were making their way 
 along the bank of the river, they were set upon by a crowd of Indians, at 
 whose hands they would have fared ill indeed had not Pontiac himself 
 come to the rescue. On reaching the appointed place of meeting, they found 
 
 ■0 Cooler and other historiane oonfase Captain CampbeU with Major Campbell, who came later. 
 
622 
 
 TIIR OLADVVIN MANURCUnTH. 
 
 tiw liiipHi !■ II lUI.'.l « il h Tiviirh iiinl Iti<!iiiiiM. In i li.Mfiil.T (»f tin- Knuip 
 
 Hilt M. ( '11111. Mi.', iiniiv.il ill ii lull iiiid fouf mionit'd wllli «nl(i Int.-." Ik- 
 k<'|»l liJH Hi'jil wIm'Ii llif I wo nlllrns tiittn-tl 1111*1 n-iiiiiliK'il rovcrtd iliiiiiiK 
 thr niiifiTt'licf. WIh'Ii I.IvihI \\iis piisMcl. lit- ill." .Mif pi.'..- !«• hIm.W III." 
 lii.liiiiiH. iiH li.' sal. I. lliiil il WiiH iinl |.<»is..mMl. i'..iiliiic. ii.l.lr.-HHiiin liiiii 
 H.-ir I.. M. ("Mill, ri.-, (iiillilv Hiii.i I lull Ik- I.m.K.'.I iiim.ii Hi.- Kifiicliiiiiiii iih 
 liiH fiillici' •■.•III.' I.» lift', iiixl iiM 111.' .(•imiiiiii.iiiiil at Ih'li'.iit until Hu' 
 anival of M. Mcllcstr.'. tli.- Ioiiii.t Fr.'n.li . '.11111111111.111111. Tli.ii I'oiiiiii''. 
 tiirninjr to Hi.' HiitiKli oIlic'iH, t.ild lli.'iii pliiiiil.v Unit to s.-.-iiiv 
 l».'ii..'. III.' Kn^'linli imiihI I. 'in.' tlic .'ountr.v iin.I.'i' cH.'ort and wilhoiit anuM 
 or liiijiKiit,'.'. Tli.Tciipon M. Ciiill.Tlc warmly Hlio.di I^h'uti'iiiiiit M.-Dou 
 jrall'H hand. Having'. "My fri.'H.I. tliis \h my work; r.'j.ii.'.- that I hav.' 
 ohtainc.l sii.li i;"«"l ''■"""^ '■«"' ><"'• ' thoiifiht I'ontla.' would lu' much 
 hard.T." H.ipinK iij.Minst lioji.' lor tli.- pirrlHt.n, hnt nppr.'h.-nHlvo of no 
 IircHcnt diuifi.'r to liinisfii" aii.l his l.ii.thcr ofllccr, Captain ('am|tb('U 
 miidc 11 Hhort but .'iini.'Hl i.ha for p.'H-f. Tli.'n h.' and Li.'iit.'nant 
 M.'Doii^iall wait.'d anxioiiMly for Hi.' UHiial ^'riiiil of approval. The 
 ni(»mcnts .Ira^'^'cd, and Htill tli.- IndianH Kat inipiiHsivc. For the Hpace of 
 an hour there wan unhr.iken wileni-e. Then Captain Campbell, d.'ject.'d 
 by evident failiir.', arose to retrac.' his st.'ps to the f'lrl. "My father," 
 Hiiid Pontia.' .iiii.'tly, "will hI.'.'Ii toni}j;lit in the 1o.I;;«'h of his red children." 
 The unusual int.'lliKeii.'e that had riiis.'.l I'onliiie above every other 
 Indian chief, had led tli.> KiikHhIi to rely on IiIh sense of honor, a quality 
 rare inde.'d iiiikui;; saviifjj.-s. Wliat .•ivilized ra.'.'s call treachery is to 
 the Indian l.-^jitimale warfaiv. H nev.'r occurs to a savage to expose 
 himself to harm in or.ler to a.'omplish an end that he can attain safely 
 by deceiiti.m. In sjiit.' of all promises, therefore, the two Englishmen 
 were sent iind.'r stroiif? {^nard to the house of M. Meloche. That they 
 wer.' not immediately put to death was dm- solely to the fact that (Mad- 
 win held sev.'ral Pottawattamie jirisoners, and I'ontiao shrewdly enough 
 feared that if the commandant should retaliate on his hostages, that 
 tribe would vanish into the for.'st, leaving him without the support he so 
 much needed. 
 
 Captain Campbell and Lieutenant McDougall trusted to the promises 
 of the French more than to those of the Indians. It has been assumed 
 that the French at Detroit wi-re the victims of the Tontiac conspiracy 
 only to a less degree than were the English. It is true that there were a 
 few- jirudent Fn/nch farmers who gave to tj lad win what assistance they 
 could give without drawing down on themselves the enmity of the 
 Indians; but it was g.-nerally believed among the French that the Eng- 
 lish would soon be driven out of New France, and thiU the French king 
 would again be their monarch. For two centuries the warfare between 
 
 1 1 (iladwin MSti. 
 
 ii 
 
THE OI-ADWIN MANUHCIIII'TH 
 
 rrrncli mill Kti^liHli ovt r ilir liii iiiMlt- liiitl Wrii iin hnrlnirouH iih wnr wan 
 in KuroprdnrliiK IIh-hiiiiu' (liiic; liiitiinii lift- «»ii citlH r Hide of Hit' Afliinllf 
 wiiH iiol cniiMiilt'Ccd w.irlli II Kiiiu'M Hi'iiDiiH <(»iiMiil(!iili«>ii; nixl (In- hoI- 
 (Her ttf Hint diiy in rvcrv iiiilioii wiih a I'nM'lionhr. It is not HiirpriHiiiK 
 tliat tlic Fn-iirii tni»!»'iM iiu<l wooii iiiiiKt-rH at Drtrolt mIiuiiIiI liavc Mi'i/.»'(1 
 ii|i(in roiitiat'H war In dfupoil tlu'lr aiiricnt ciirinifH and tlicir coniiurror" 
 of IcHH tliaii tlin-.'.Vfars' HlandiiiK'. TIk- oiil.v caiiMf for siirpfiMc iH tliat tlut 
 Frciicli di»i not from tlii" ntarl o|»tiilv iiialxc roiiiiiioii .iiisc willi I'oii'.iac. 
 Tliat tlifv Mccrctl.v unvi- aid and ciicourauoin'iit to lli<> liidiaiiH waH 
 rfpcalcdlv cliaiKod b.v Ciiadwiii. Tho convincinK proof of liiH iiHsortioiiM 
 iH to li«' found in tiic olllcial n-porlH of iii(|uiricH 'h- laiiHcd to he hold at 
 Detroit diiriiiK' llic sicnc, roporls wliicii aflor tiioio tlian a coiitiiry and ii 
 (luartcr (tf oblivion, liavc Imch found and made .ivailalilc by one of (SIiul- 
 win'HdcMcondants. Tlir problem f<»r (lladwin waH to iiold out at Detroit 
 until both the Kreneli and Ii dians eoiild be eonvinced that the Kreii.h 
 government could not asnisl teem and that »he pt-ace willi Kn^land was 
 definite iind lasting'. 
 
 The terniH jiropoHcd t(» ('ajitain <'amitl'.ll wi-re olTered next day to 
 <Jlad\vin. and the French :ir>ied him to ewcape wliile lie iiiiKlit ; but the 
 youiif; KuKliNhnian abscdutely refuH«'d to make any lerniH with Hava^eH. 
 His soldiers caught his spirit, so that lie was able lo write conlideiitly to 
 (leneral Amlu'rHt, that he would hold out until Huecor hIiouIiI come. The 
 schooner (lladicin, which bore the dispatch, eluded routine's canoes; 
 and when the ciiief reported his failure to M. Ciiillerie, the Frenchmnn 
 jeered at him because live canoes withdrew at the death of a a'nuilv Pot- 
 tawattamie.^' 
 
 Now beftan a lon^ series of disasters to the Enp;lish. One by one the 
 results of IVmtiac's plotting; transpired. KverythinK seemed to be fjr,- 
 ing way before the exulting savages. On May 21! news came of the cap- 
 ture of Fort Sandusky.''' At the incjuiry Knsijjn Taully testified that on 
 May 17 his sentry called him to speak witii some Indians at the jrate. 
 Finding some of his own Indians in the pnity, lie allowed seven to enter 
 the fort and gave them t(d)acco. Soon one of the seven raised his head 
 as a signal, whereupim the two sitting next the ollicer seized and bound 
 him and hurried him from the room, lie jiassed his sentry dead in the 
 gateway and saw the corjises of his little garrison lying about. IJis ser- 
 geant was killed in the garden where he had been planting; the mer- 
 chants were dead and their stores were plundered. The Indians spared 
 Paully and took him to their camp at Detroit, where he was adopted as 
 the husband of a widowed scpiaw, from whose toils he finally escaped to 
 his friends in the fort. On May IS, Fnsign Holmes, who commnnded the 
 garrison of the Miamis, was told by a Frenchman that Detroit had been 
 
 >a Qladwin M83. 
 
 i 
 
 ^1 
 
 si« 
 
 < H 
 
 W 
 
ft!-. 
 
 if, 
 
 1 ;■!'' 
 
 l^iv 
 
 
 irs 
 
 
 V 
 
 \h 
 
 i 
 
 1'' 
 
 1 
 
 t. 
 
 
 W 
 
 M' 
 
 4h 
 
 'T 
 
 4 
 
 A 
 
 624 
 
 THE GLADWIN MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 att.ickcd, whereupon tlie enajgn oallod in his men and set them at work 
 makinp cartridges. Tliree days later Holmes' Indian servant besought 
 liim to bleed one of her friends who lay ill in a cabin outs'de the stock- 
 ade. On his errand of mercy lie wiis shot dead. The terrified garrison 
 of nine were only too gl;id 1o surrender at the command of two French- 
 men. I'onliac's messengers, who wei-e on llieir wiiy to the Illinois to got 
 a commandant for Detroit. On May 25, at Fort St. Joseph, seventeen 
 Pottawattamies came into Lieutenant Schlosser's room on the pretense 
 of iiolding a council. A Frenchman who had heard that treachery was 
 planned, rushed in to give the alarm, whercu]»on Lieutenant Schlosser 
 was seized, ten of the garrison were killed, and the other three with the 
 commandant were made ]»risoners. They were afterwards brought to 
 Detroit and exchanged. 
 
 On the 29th the long expected bateaux from Niagara were seen com- 
 ing up the river. With joyful hearts tlie garrison looked forward to the 
 end of their tedious siege. Hut as tlie boats came nearer, the English 
 saw with dismay that Indians were the masters of the craft. When the 
 foremost bateaux came op])osite the schooner, two soldiers in her made 
 the motion to change roviing places. Quickly they seized the Indians 
 and threw them overboard. One Indian carried his assailant with him 
 and in the struggle both found de.i^h. Another soldier struck the 
 remaining Indian over the head with an oar and killed him. Under the 
 fire of sixty savages on the shore the three plucky Englishmen escaped- 
 to the vessel with their prize, which contained eight barrels of most 
 acceptable pork and flour. Of the ten bateaux that had set out from 
 Niagara under Lieutenant Cuyler, eight had been captured and the force 
 had been completely routed by an Indian surprise and night attack. 
 Following the capture of the bateaux came the darkest days of the siege. 
 Often during a whole day. the Indians, drunken on the rum from the cap- 
 tured stores, did not fire a shot, but in their fiendish glee they gave notice 
 of their presence by sending the scalped and mangled bodies of English 
 captives to float ])ast the i)alisades in sight of the sentries. 
 
 To add to these tales of disaster came Father La .launay, missionary 
 at Micliilimackinac (Old Mackinac) 1o tell the bloodiest story of all. On 
 June 2, the Chippewas living near the fort assembled for their usual 
 game of ball. They played from morning till noon and Captain George 
 Etiieriugton and Lieutenant Leslie stood by to watch the sport. Suddenly 
 the ball wt's sti'uck over the palisades. A dozen Indians rushed through 
 the gate to get it. Uefore the dazed sentry could recover, the Captain 
 and Lieutenant weic seized and liui-ried off; tiie Indians within tlie fort 
 had received from ihv stjuaws stationed there hatchets hidden under 
 their blankets; in an instant Lieutenant Janiet, fifteen soldiers and a 
 trader named Tracy were put to death, five others were reserved for a 
 
T 
 
 THE GLADWIN MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 625 
 
 like fate, and the reiiiainiU'r of the {jarrison wore made prisoners. Had 
 it not been for tlie powerful inlluence of Charles Lanjjlade''' and his 
 friends the Ottawas. all the Enplisli must have ju'rished; as it was Cap- 
 tain Etherington, Lieutenant Leslie, with fourieen nvn. wore hold until 
 July 18, and were then taken lo Monlroal by the Ottawas. 
 
 On Sunday, the 2Gth of .lunv, I'ontiae, for niinjiled purposes of religion 
 and business, paddled across the {iroon river to attend mass in the little 
 French chapel. When the services w^vv over, the chief selected three of 
 the chairs in which the thrifty French had been carried to church, and 
 niakinp the owners his chairmen, ho and his jjuard set otf on a search for 
 provisions. He imitated the credit certificates issued by Oladwin and 
 gave in ])ayment for cattle billets signed by liis mark, the picture of a 
 coon. The provisions were transported to Por.tiac's camp near Parent's 
 Creek, and in duo time the billets were redeemed. Tiie next day Pontine 
 sent another summons lo surrender, saying that nine hundred Indians 
 were on their way from Michilimacl 'aac, and if Gladwin v/aited till 
 those Indians came he would not b' answerable for the consequouces. 
 Gladwin replied that until Captain ( jimpboll and Lieutenant McDougall 
 were returned, Pontiac might save himself the trouble of sending mes- 
 sages to the fort. To this the wily Pontiac made answer that lie had too 
 much regard for his distinguished captives to send them back; because 
 the kettle was on the fire for the entire garrison, and in case they were 
 returned he should have to boil them with the rest. 
 
 On the 30th of June, the Qladtcin, returning from Niagara, plowed her 
 way up the white-capped river and landed a force of fifty men, togeth' p 
 with provisions and some much needed ammunition. For two months 
 Gladwin had guarded Detroit against surprise and had sustained a siege 
 conducted by Pontiac in person, while fort after fort had fallen before 
 the savuges. As the Indians returned from their successes elsewhere 
 they wore more and more eager for the overthrow of the one fort that 
 hitherto had battled all their efforts. In his extremity Pontiac now 
 turned on the French and threaujied to force them to take up arras 
 against the English. During the siege, however, copies of the definitive 
 treaty between France and F:n gland had reached Detroit; and, on July 4, 
 Cfladwin assen hied the French, read to them the articles of pesvoo, and 
 sent a copy across the river to the priest. Thereupon, forty Frenchmen 
 choosing James Stirling as their loader, took service under Gladwin. On 
 this same day i\ party fi'om the fort made a sortie for the purpose of 
 bringing in so^uo powder and lead from the house of M. Baby, who had 
 taken refuge in the fort. Lieutenant Hay, an old Indian fighter, com- 
 manded the force, and in his exultation over driving off an attacking 
 
 " Charles LangUiie was boru »♦ Mackinac. He nrgwl npon the French commandant at Fort Dn- 
 qnesne the neceseitf of snrprieina Hralrtock's forces in 1775, and himself led the Indians m that snrpriso. 
 Donbtleea Pontiac then fonght with h.m. 
 
 79 
 
 _i..-WJ 
 
/ 
 
 r 
 
 626 
 
 THE GLADWIN MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 party, he tore the sealp from the head of a wounded Indian and shook 
 his trophy in the face of his eneniies. It liappened that the one of the 
 savapes lulled was the son of a Chippewa chief; and as soon as the tribe 
 heard of their disaster they went to Tontiac lo reproach him for being 
 the cause of their ills, saying that he was ver, brave in taldng a loaf of 
 bread or a beef from a Frenchman who made no resistance, but it was 
 the Chippewas who had all the men killed and wounded every day. 
 Therefore, they said, they intended to take from him what he had been 
 saving. Lieutenant McDougall had already made his escape to the fort; 
 but they went to Meloche's house, where the brave old Captain Campbell 
 was still confined. They stripped him, carried him to their camp, killed 
 him, took out his lieart nnd ate it, cut oft his head, and divided his body 
 into small pieces. Such was the end of a brave soldier, esteemed, loved 
 and sincerely mourned in liic- army from Gcjicra! Amherst and Colonel 
 Houcpiet down to Ihe privates who served under him. 
 
 At midnight on July 10 the sentries in the fort saw floating down the 
 black river a great mass of fire. The {lames, feeding on faggots and 
 birch-bark, leaped high in the air, lighting up the forest-covered island 
 in the background and bringing into high relief the whitewashed cot- 
 tages Ihat lined the shore. Hurried by the swift current, a great fire 
 raft, built by the French and Indians, made for the two vessels anchored 
 in the stream; but the alert crews had anticipated their danger and were 
 prepared for it. The vessels were anchored by two cables, and as the 
 flaming pile approached, they sliiiped one cable and easily swung out 
 of the way of the enemy. 
 
 The hot days succeeded each other all too slowly; but on the 29th of 
 July the guards heard Ci-ing down the river, and half an hour later the 
 surprised sentries saw the broad surface of the river dotted with bateaux, 
 the regular dip of whose oars was borne a long way on the still morning 
 flir. A detachment of two liundred and sixty men under the command 
 of Captain Dalzell, one of General Amherst's aides-de-ci.nip, had come to 
 put an end to the siege. Captain Dalzell was an officer of undoubted 
 bravery, and the tales of slaughter he had heard at Presque Isle and San- 
 dusky on his way to IhMroit made him anxious to crush Tontiac by one 
 bold stroke, (iladwin, whom months of close acquaintance with the 
 wary Indian chief had taught discretion, gave consent to Dalzell's plan 
 of a night attack, only on the threat of the latter to leave Detroit unless 
 such a blow should be struck." The treacherous French, learning the 
 details of the plan, immediately put Tontiac on his guard. In the earliest 
 hours of the 31st of July, Dalzell marched a force of two hundred and 
 
 >* QIadwia nnd MnD maid agree that the nicrht aUack was etrennnnnly opposed by th4 former. There 
 la a tradition (Fred. (larlihle relates it as a fact, in his report to the Wavne ("oaniy Uiatorical Booioty 
 for IHHO), that Dalzell and Oiadwin both iion(?ht the hand of Madeleine de Tonnancoar, and that when she 
 favored the aid-de-camp. Oladwin wiltioKly aent hira to hie death. Inasmach as Oladwin was happily 
 married daring the previons year, this story is simply another illastration of the fnblee that have gained 
 carrency in connection with the Pontiao conspiracy. 
 
 It-:! 
 
r 
 
 i-mj:ii n I '.tn i MH t »0 
 
 sse» 
 
 =?=>~= 
 
 THE GLADWIN MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 627 
 
 [ 
 
 fifty men along the sandy bank of the swift flowing river, passed the well 
 enclosed cottages of the French and on towards a little stream that fell 
 into the river about a mile and a lialf above the fort. 
 
 The twenty-live men in advance liad just stepped on the rude bridge 
 across the run, when from the ridges that fonned the further side of 
 the gully came a volley of musketry that hurled the Jittle band in con- 
 fusion back on the main body. In tlie pitchy darkness, cheered on by 
 Dalzell's steady words of connnand, the IJritisli swept the ridges only 
 to find themselves chasing those deadly will-o'-the-wisps, the flashes of 
 an enemy's guns. To fall back was absoli i-ily necessary; but here 
 again the soldiers were met by the rapid firing of the Indians who had 
 occupied the liouses and orchards between the English and the fort. 
 Every charge of the soldiers only envelojM'd the pursuers in a maze of 
 buildings, trees and fences, while the Indians beat a nimble retreat, 
 firing from behind any shelter they could find. From an open cellar, the 
 concealed savages poured a deadly fire into the British ranks; but 
 still Dalzell was undismayed. ^Vhere commands were of no effect, he 
 beat the men with the flat of his sword. Major Robert Rogers, trained 
 in Indian warfare, burst open the door of a cottage filled with Indians, 
 and with his Rangers put the ambushed savages to flight. Captain Gray 
 fell mortally wounded in a charge. Dalzell himself, twice wounded, 
 went to the succor of a helpless sergeant, when he too fell dead, and the 
 Indians smeared their faces with his liei rt's blood. Major Rogers, who 
 succeeded \i> the command, took possession of the well built Campau 
 house, where his soldiers, fortified without by solid logs and bales of 
 furs, and strengthened witliin by copious draughts from a keg of 
 whisky, held the enemy at bay until communication could be had with 
 the fort. Two bateaux armed with swivels soon came to the rescue 
 of Rogers, who had been besieged by about two hundred Indians. The 
 remainder of the force under Captain Grant beat an orderly retreat. Of 
 the two hundred and fifty w ho went out, one hundred and fifty-nine were 
 killed or wounded, wliile the Indian loss did not exceed twenty. 
 
 This victory of Bloody Run, as the creek was ever afterward called, 
 restored the waning fortunes of Bontiac, and every day brought acces- 
 sions to his forces. Yet never since the siege began was Major Gladwin 
 more hopeful of ultimate success. So the heats of August passed with an 
 occasional skirmish, and September began. The Indians, powerless 
 against the palisades, again turned their attention to thevessels that kept 
 open the food communication with the settlers across the river and made 
 occasional trips to Fort Niagara for supplies and ammunition. From one 
 of these latter voyages the schooner Oladwin was returning on the night 
 of September 4, when, the wind failing, she anchored nine miles below 
 the fort, having on board her commander, Horst, her mate, Jacobs, and 
 
62B 
 
 THE GLADWIN MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 a crew of tou men. Six Iroquois, siii)i»oHt'(l to bi' friendly to the English, 
 had been liindcd that iiioniiiifi, anil to their bretliren was probably due 
 the nifiht attack made by a hwav foree of Indians, wiiose light canoes 
 dropped so silently down Ihe daik river that a single cannon shot and 
 one volley of musketry was all the welcome that could be given them. 
 Ilorst fell in the first onslaught, and .lacobs. seeing that all hope was 
 gone, gave the command to blow up the vessel. At tlie word some Wyau- 
 dottes, wh(» knew the uieahing of the command, gave warning to their 
 companions, and all made a dash overboard, swimming for dear life to be 
 clear of the dreaded destitution. .Jacobs, no less astonished than grati- 
 fied at the effect of his words, had no furtlu'r trouble that night, and the 
 next morning he sailed away to the fort. Six of tlie sailors escaped 
 unhurt to wear the medals presented to them for bravery." 
 
 From the beginning of the siege I'ontiac liad relied on help from the 
 French in the Illinois country, to whom he had sent an appeal for aid. 
 "Since Father Bellestre departed," he said, "the Indians had no news, 
 nor did any letters come to the French, but the English alone received 
 letters. The English say incessantly that since the French and Span- 
 iards have been overthrown, they own all the country. When our father, 
 M. Bellestre, was going olT from lience, he told us, 'My children the Eng- 
 lish today overthrow your father; as long as they have the upper hand ye 
 will not have what ye stand in need of; but this will not last.' We pray 
 our father at the Illinois to take pity on us and say, 'These poor children 
 are willing u> raise me nj).' Why do we that which we are doing today? 
 It is because we are unwilling that the English should possess these 
 lands; this is what causeth thy children to rise up and strike every- 
 where." 
 
 This message was endorsid by the Chippewas and by the French 
 inhabitants at Detroit, the latter complaining that they were obliged to 
 submit to Indian exactions. M. Neyons, tiie French commandant in the 
 Illinois country, acting under pressure from General Amherst (who had 
 learned from Gladwin how essential to Pontiac's success was the 
 expected help from the French) replied to the appeal that "the great day 
 had come at last wherein it had pleased the Master of Life to command 
 the great Great King of France and liim of England to make peace 
 between them, sorry to see the blood of men spilled so long." So these 
 kings had ordered all tlieir chiefs and warriors to bury the hatchet. He 
 promised that when this was done the Indians would see the road free, 
 the lakes and rivers unstopped and ammunition and merchandise would 
 abound in their villages; their women and children would be cloaked; 
 they would go to dances and festivals, not cumbered with heavy 
 clothes, with skirts, blankets and ribbands. "Forget then, my dear 
 
 ■^ Chapman Abraham's testimooy.—Ulad wio MSS. 
 
THE GLADWIN MANUSCRIPTH. 
 
 629 
 
 children," he coniiuandi'd,'" "nil evil tiilks. Leave olT from spiliiiit,' the 
 blood of your hretlireii, the Kiif;lisli. Our liearlH arc now but one; you 
 cauuot, at present, strike the one witlioiit liavin;; tlie other for an enemy 
 also." 
 
 This niessafe'e had the desired etfeet. Dated on Sei)t ember 27, its con- 
 tents so dashed Poutiae's h(»i)es that on Oetolx'r IL' he sued m(»at submis- 
 sively for peace. Gladwin, beinj,' in need of Hour, granted a truce, but 
 made no promises, sayinj; that General Amherst alone had power to 
 grant pardon. To Amherst the commandant wrote that it would be }^ood 
 policy to leave matters open until the spring, when the Indians would be 
 so reduced for want of powder then- would be no danger that they would 
 break out again, "provided some examples are made of our good friends, 
 the French, who set them on." Gladwin then adds, "No advantage can be 
 gained by prosecuting the war, owing to the difliculty of catching tlieni 
 (the Indians). Add to this the expense of such a war which, if continued, 
 the ruin of our entire peltry trade must follow an J the loas of a prodi- 
 gious consumption of our merchandise. It •' iil be the means of their 
 retiring, which will reinforce other nations on the Mississippi, whom 
 they will push against us, and make ther.i our enemies forever. Conse- 
 quently it will render it extremely diflicult to jmss that country, and 
 especially as the French have promised to supply them with everything 
 they want." 
 
 Then follows the passage" often quoted lo show Gladwin's cynic^il bru- 
 tality: "They have lost between eighty and ninety of their best warriors; 
 but if your excellency still intends to punish them for their barbarities, 
 it may be easier done, without any expense to the crown, by permitting 
 a free sale of rum, which will destroy them more effectually than tire and 
 sword." Parkman closes the quotation at this point; but a very differ- 
 ent turn is given to the matter in the next sentence, taken from the draft 
 of the letter in Gladwin's own handwriting, as follows: "But on the con- 
 trary, if you intend to accommodate matters in spring, which I hope you 
 will for the above reasons, it may be necessary to send up Sir William 
 Johnson." This is the letter of a warrior, who was also somewhat of a 
 statesman. 
 
 Pontiac's conspiracy ended in failure. For tive months the little gar- 
 rison at Detroit had been surrounded by a thousand or more savages; 
 and nothing but the untiring watchfulness and the intrepid coolness of 
 the resourceful commandant saved the post from annihilation and pre- 
 vented the Indian occupation of the lake country. General Amherst was 
 so well pleased with Gladwin's course during the lirst four months of the 
 siege that on September 17, he wrote to the Secretary at War, Ellis: "As 
 
 leOUdwiaMSd. 
 
 >' Qladwio MSS, Tbie letter is in Qladwin's own haodwrit.lDg, and is lioabtleas bis original draft, 
 
6S0 
 
 THE GLADWIN MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 there have been two deputy adjutants general Borviug here, I have taken 
 the liberty to sliow a mark of my entire satisfaction of Major Gladwin's 
 good conduct and commendable behavior in appointing him a deputy 
 adjutant general; but to remain with the troops at Detroit in the same 
 manner as has been ordered. This is no m( re thn ^ a name, but should 
 it be your gracious pleasure to api)rove it, and honor Ma.or Gladwin 
 wKli the rank of lieutenant coioiiel, I am lirmly of the opinion that the 
 promotion of so deserving an officer must at any time be a benetit to his 
 majesty's service, and this is the sole view I liave in mentioning it to 
 you." General Amherst's re<!ommendations were followed, and Gladwin 
 held the rank of lieutenant colonel until he was made a colonel in 1777. 
 
 It fell to the lot of Colonel Uradstreet, the hero of Fort Frontenac, to 
 lead the great force which was to confirm the British power in the lake 
 country. The vain glory of that officer led him to make with the Indians 
 a peace which General Gates, who had succeeded Amherst, was com- 
 pelled to repudiate. Bradstreet's expedition got no further than San- 
 dusky, but a detachment reached Detroit late in the August of 1764, and 
 on the last day of that month Colonel Gladwin departed from Niagara on 
 his way to New York. lie was heartily tired of fighting Indians, and 
 preferred to resign rather than to undertake another campaign of that 
 kind. Returning to England, we find him in 1774 living a contented life 
 with his wife and two children; but ready again to take up arms for his 
 king. On a visit to London he was presented to George III, who asked 
 him how long he had been in town. "Three weeks," replied the soldier, 
 to the consternation of George Wert, who whispered to him to say that 
 he had just arrived. "But," says Gladwin, in a letter to General Gage, 
 "as I went to court only on that occasion, I thought there could be no 
 harm in speaking the truth." 
 
 In April, 1769, Pontiac went to St. Louis. One day he arrayed himself 
 in the uniform of a French officer, given liim years before by the Marquis 
 de Montcalm. After visiting his old friends, he repaired to the village 
 of Cahokia, across the Mississippi, where he joined in the feast given by 
 the Illinois Indians. In the early morning he left the town for the 
 forest, singing as he went. An English trader, Wilkinson by name, 
 awaiting the opportunity and thinking to rid his country of a dangerous 
 enemy, promised an Illinois Indian a barrel of rum to murder the famous 
 chief. This treachery on the part of one of their number, cost the Illinois 
 dear, for Pontiac's friends did not cease till they had practically wiped 
 out the Illinois nation. The body of the chief was buried with military 
 honors near the fort at St. Louis. "Neither mound nor tablet," says 
 Parkman, "marked the burial place of Pontiac. For a mausoleum a city 
 has risen above the forest hero; and the race whom he hated with such 
 burning rancor trample with unceasing footsteps over his forgotten 
 grave." 
 
 r 
 
; 
 
 SHUMnMBBCai 
 
 I 
 
 THE GLADWIN MANUSCRIPTS. 631 
 
 EXTRACTS OF LETTERS, DECL.VRATIONE. ETC. 
 
 EXTHACTS FROM A LETTEB FBOM CAPT. UEOHOE ETHBUINOTON. COMJIANDANF OP 
 MIUHIUMAOK'NA(^ DATED MICHILIMAIKIMAKIMAC, JONE U, 1763. 
 
 Sir: Notwithstanding what I wrote you in my last, that all the savages 
 were arrived, & that evorythinp seemed in perfect tranquility; yet on 
 the second instant the Ch'upewas who live in a plain near this fort, 
 assembled to i)lay ball, as they had done almost every day since their 
 arrival; They play'd from morning till noon, then throwing their ball 
 close to the gate, and observing Lieut. Leslie and mo a few paces out of 
 it, they came behind us, seized, and carried us into the woods. In the 
 meantime the n-st rushed into the fort, where they found their squaws, 
 whom they had previously planted there, with their hatchets hid under 
 their blankets, which they took and in an instant killed Lieut. Garnet 
 and fifteen rank and file, and a trader named Tracy; they wounded two 
 and took the rest of the garrison prisoners, five of which they have since 
 killed. 
 
 They made prisoners of all the English traders, and robb'd them of 
 everytliing they had; but offered no violence to any of the persons and 
 properties of the Frenchmen. 
 
 When this massacre was over Messrs. Langlad and Farti, the inter- 
 preter came down to the place where Lieut. Leslie and me were prisoners, 
 and on their giving themselves as security to return us when demanded, 
 they obtained leave for us to go to the fort under a guard of savages, 
 which g.ive time by the assistance of the above mentioned gentlemen to 
 send for the Oatewas, who came down on the first notice and were very 
 much displeased at what the Chippewas had done. 
 
 Since the arrival of the Oatawas they have done everything in their 
 power to serve us, and with what pr'soners the (Miippewas have given 
 them and what they have bought, I have now with me Lieut. Leslie and 
 eleven privates, & the other four of the garrison who are yet living 
 remain in the hands of the Chippewas. 
 
 The Chipewas, who are superior in numbers to the Outawas, have 
 declared in council to them that if they do not remove us oat of the fort, 
 that they will cutt off all communication to this post; by which means all 
 the convoys of merchants from Montreal, Labay, St. Joseph & the upper 
 posts would perish; but if the news of your posts being attack'd (which 
 they say was the reason they took up the hatchet here) be false, and you 
 can send up a strong reinforcement with provisions, etc., accompany'd 
 by some of your savages, I believe the post might be re-established again. 
 Since this affair happened, two cannoes arrived from Montreal which put 
 
 I 
 
 w^ 
 
■9W 
 
 682 
 
 THE GLADWIN MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 '■!! 
 
 it in my power to make a ju'eHent to tlie Outawa nation, who very well 
 deserve anything that can he done for them. 
 
 I have heen very mneh oltligt'd to MeHsra. LanRlad and Farti, the inter- 
 preter, as likewise tlie Jesuit for the many ^ood ofliees they have done 
 us on this occasion; the priest seems inclinable to >;o down to your post 
 for a day or two, which I am very glad of, as he is a very good man and 
 has a great deal to say with the savages liereabout, who will believe 
 everything he tells them on his return, which 1 hoi»e will be soon. 
 
 The Outawas say they will take Lieut. Leslie, me and the eleven men 
 which I mentioned before was in their hands, up to tiieir village & 
 there keep us till they hear what is done at your post, they having sent 
 this canoe for that pur})ose. 1 refer you to the priest for the particulars 
 of this melancholy affair, and am. 
 
 Dear Sir, Yours very sincerely, 
 
 ( Signed ) Geo. Etherinqton. 
 To Major Henry Oladwin, Commandant of Detroit. 
 
 p. s.— The Indians that are to carry the priest to Detroit, will not 
 undertake to land him at the fort, but at some of the Indian villages 
 near it, so that you must not take it amiss I hat he does not pay you the 
 first visit, and I once more beg that nothing may stop your sending him 
 back the next day after his arrival, if possible, as we shall be at a great 
 loss for the want of him, and I make no doubt that you will do all in your 
 power to make peace, as yo»i see the situation we are in, and send up pro- 
 visions as soon as jmssible and ammunition, as what we had was plun- 
 dered by the savages. Adiew. G. E. ■ 
 
 EXTRACT OF A DECLARATION MADE TO C^SAR OORM[CK AND THE THEREIN NAMED 
 WITNESSES, AT DETROIT, U JUNE, 1781. 
 
 We undermentioned .lames Sterling, merchant, and Samson Fleming, 
 deputy commissary of this place, being call'd by Caesar Cormick, also 
 merchant here. Do Certify to have beared the intelligence "f a person 
 whom we contrast, as being well informed by said i)erson hitherto, of all 
 the conspiracies made against llisBrittanick Majesty's subjects since they 
 came to Detroit to the satisfaction of the commanding officer particularly 
 since the present siege. The said person has declared before us, that 
 Miny Chain, Jacque Godfrey, & Messrs. lieauban, Chavin and Labadee 
 went from here the 12th or 1.3tii ultimo, jeing the third or fourth day of 
 the siege, publickly as tliey pretended foi" an officer from the Illinois to 
 disperse the IS'ations, and in this way they met John Welch, Merchant 
 from Miamis in the Mouth of the Miamis River with two Pettiagus 
 loaded with i)eltry bound for this I'lace: The said five Frenchmen 
 ordered a band of Indians who were with them to hide themselves in the 
 wood close by, uutill they would entice the English ashore; then hailing 
 
 -..-fMrni' 
 
r 
 
 THE OLADWIN MANU8CRIPTH. 
 
 633 
 
 thcin to conie and Hiiiokc a pipe and Rct tlio news, tlipy canio ashore and 
 Hate down; the said Fn'nchnu'n tlicn Hcised and tolc tlicni they wcro their 
 prisonerH and calling np the IndianH they divided (lie pn8t)ners and 
 peltry betwixt tlieni, tlien tlie Haid ("iiain & (iodfrey detaelied the otlier 
 three eonii»anionH hacl; to Detroit, witli tlieir sliare of the l)o()ty, & Mr. 
 Welcli priHoner; wlio eanie and lod},'ed tlie same in tlie IlouHe of the 
 abovesaid Miny (.'iiain next in llie Kettlenienl to tiie Potewatanus Vll- 
 lafj". that tlie Oiitawas ('lainiinj; Mr. Welch Heised, and murdered him 
 sine"; and that the said Outawas eanie this day seised and carried oil" the 
 said peltry, and tole them that the French had no business with any plun- 
 der, but that it belouK'd entirely to the Indians. The said Informer like- 
 wise declared that the said (Miain and (Jodfrey took also four of the said 
 Prisoners alonf,' with them, sayinp that tliey would take them to the Illi- 
 nois and make sonji of them to spirit uj» the Indians to War and come 
 apainst the Kuj-lish, which lliey now daily expect here. And that the 
 said ('hain and (Jodfrey proceeding with the same Indians to Miamis, 
 with whom they acted in cc junction to destroy that garrison: Then 
 l»arted for Ouitanon intending to act the same barbarous part there; 
 being in their way to Illinois. 
 
 We then questioned the said Informer if we could depend upon the 
 abovesaid intelligence, or from whence they were derived. Answered, 
 that Niniway a Totewatamis Chief sent for Isedore (Jhain brother to the 
 said Miny Chain the Evening that he the said Niniway arrived with Ensign 
 Sclilosser Commanding Oflicer of St. Josephs and accjuainted him of 
 what his brother Miny had done at Miamis; that the said Isedore in tears 
 replied that he wished to (Jod his Brother might die in that Place, for as 
 soon as he arrived at Detroit he would be hanged. And that the said 
 Informer declares to have been present when all this was told by the said 
 Niniway in the house of the abovesaid Minay Chain. 
 
 Signed, Cesar Cobmiok. 
 Witnesses, 
 
 James Sterling, 
 
 Samuel Fleming. 
 
 extracted out of a lettek from lieut. edward jenkins. commanding at 
 
 ouiatinon to major henby gladwin, commandant of detroit, 
 
 date fort odiatinon, 29 july, 1788. 
 
 Sir: Two days ago the Bearer arrived from the Illinois, who assures 
 me that the People in that part of the World are for a quiet life, I mean 
 the French; but he says the Indians wanted the Commanding officer to 
 come and attack these Posts, which lie refused. The English woman 
 that is along with him, told me that the Canadians were advising the 
 Indians to Murder us all in these Posts, but that they would not be seen 
 
 M 
 
 -mmmi^M, 
 
 ;-it:a*iif<i" 
 
 srsrs 
 
634 
 
 THE OI.ADWIN MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 In It thoniHclvoH; but 1 Rlmll t»\y no nioro of It, ns tlic woniiin will neqiinint 
 you nil she knows about It; She BnyH she henred the bearer talk of; 
 indeed I would have examined him. but ilie wouuin waH afraid, as she 
 was to po farther with him, & you are in a much better jdace for it than I. 
 
 EXTBACT OF A LKTrKll FHOM LIKOT. EUWAKD JKNKINS, COMMANDINH AT OUIATINON 
 DATKD iH MAIICH, n8». TO MAJOR HENKY OALDWIN. COMMANDINd AT DETBOIT. 
 
 Hir: The bearer arrived from the I'ost last Hunday, with two more 
 Deserters and his wife. They have not lieard yet below of the cessation 
 of Arms, and I am acciuainted by Monsieur I-a llond that we have 
 attacked, or at least blocked up some Place near the Mississiitpi; indeed 
 I dou't well understand him as lie has an odd way of talking, but Capt. 
 Campble will understand him better. Mr. Crawford acfpiainted me this 
 morning that the Canadians that are here are eternally telling lies to the 
 Indians, and tells me likewise that the Interpreter and one La Pointe 
 told the Indians a few days apo Ihat we should all be Priscmers in a short 
 time (showing Ihem when the corn was about a foot high) that there was 
 a great Army to come from the Mississippi; & that Ihey were to iiave a 
 great number of Indians with them, therefor advised them not to help 
 us; That they would soon take Detroit and these small Posts, and that 
 tiien they would take Quebec, Montreal &. Ca. and go into our country. 
 This I am informed rhey tell them from one end of the year to the other, 
 with a great deal more that I cannot remember. I am convinced that 
 while they are permitted to trade here that the Indians here never will 
 be in our Interest, for although our Merchants sells them a stroud for 
 three lieaver, they will rather give six to a French man. It is needless 
 in(iuiriug into the affair as the ^•'rench have so much inil-a;>nce over them, 
 that they will deny what the} said, for the other day I had the Express 
 bef(»re me for saying we should all be fighting by and by; but could 
 make nothing of it as the Indians were afraid to own it before him, altho 
 the Indians that heared them talk of it stood to it. I am, 
 
 Yours, &c.. 
 
 RXTHACT OF A LETTEtt FROM BICHABD WINSTON, MERCH'T AT ST. JOSEPH'S, TO 
 THE EN(iL18H MERCHANTS AT DETROIT. DATED ST. JOSEPH, 19 JDNE, 1788. 
 
 (Sentlemen: I address myself to you all, not knowing who is alive or 
 who is dead, I have only to inform you tliat by the Bleasing of the 
 Almighty, & the hel]) of Mr. Louisou Chevalie I escaped being killed 
 when this unfortunate tSarrisou was massacred. Mr. Hamback and me 
 being hid in the House of the said Chevalie for four days and nights; Mr. 
 Hamback is brought by the Savages to the Illinois, likewise Mr. Chin, 
 unfortunate me remains here Captive with the Savages. I nihst say that 
 
 I I 
 
TO 
 
 T 
 
 '^ 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
 TUE GLADWIN MANUSCRIITS. 
 
 686 
 
 I uu'fl wllh no bad \m\in\ however 1 would Hint I wim wUli hoiiu; (MirU- 
 tian or other, I am (piito naked, iV: Mr. Cawtaerew wlio Ih indebted to Mr. 
 Coh', would not give nie an ineh to Have nie from Death, who tiie day 
 before the muHHacre here to pay me part of said Debt, but Hince that 
 denyd in the proHiice <»f Mr. (Mievalie, that he owed lue aiiylhinix, nntill 
 I ju'odneed hin note, he then said his note was no order to pay any part 
 of said debt to me, i am informed llial Caslairew has information that 
 Mr. Colo was killed on hlH way from NMa^ara; I have nothinj,' to say con- 
 cerninf? our enemy here but that tliey recommend to tlie sava^'H at 
 Detroit to quiet t'heir tiring upon tlie Fort at Detroit, that as the Hlx 
 Nations began the War they might persist in it. We are informed that 
 at Mlaniis Mr. Holmes and part of his (Jarrison were killed, the other 
 part carried down the Wabash to joyn the (Jarrison of Ouitinon and car- 
 ried nil to the Illinois; At Ouitinon tiiere was not one killed but all taken 
 Prisoners. 1 am, &c. 
 
 EXTBACT OF A LETTBH FHOM EDMO.ND MOBAN, MEBCHANT AT FOBT EDWABD AUGU8- 
 
 TUS, TO MB. JOSEPH SPEAB AND COMPANY, MEttUUANTS. 
 
 AT DETROIT. DATED W MAY, 1763. 
 
 Sir: The Indians would do very well here but for the Canadians; They 
 spirit them up to everything thats bad against the English. I am sure 
 that it will never be wortli any English Traders while to follow this 
 Trade unless the French are prohibited to come here. 
 
 Yrs, &c. 
 
 EXTRACT OF A LETTEB FBOM LIEOT. EDWARD JENKINS TO MAJOR HENRY (JLADWIN 
 COMMANDINCJ AT DETBOIT, DATED OOITINON. 1 JDNE. 1783. 
 
 Sir: I have beared of your situation which gives me much pain, indeed 
 we are not a great deal better, for this morning the Indians sent for me 
 to speak with me, & immediately bound me when I got 1 > their cabbin, & 
 I soon found some of my soldiers in the same situation. They told me 
 Detroit, Miamis and all these J'osts were cutt ofE,and that it was a folly to 
 make any resistance, therefor desired me to make the few soldiers I had 
 in the Fort surrender, otherwise they would put all of us to death in case 
 one man of theirs was killed. They were to have fallen on us and killed 
 us all last Night, but Monsieurs Maisonville & Lorrain, gave them Wam- 
 pum not to kill us all, and when they told the Interpreter we were all to 
 be killed & he knowing the Canadians of the Fort beged of them to make 
 ns Prisoners. They have put us into the French houses and both Indians 
 . and French use us very well. All these Nations say they are very sorry, 
 that they were obliged to do it by the other Nations. The belt did not 
 arrive here till last night about Eight o'clock; Mr. Lorrain can inform 
 you of all. Just now received the news of St. Joseph's being taken, 
 
 ^ 
 
 m 
 
(S8H 
 
 TflK OI.ADWIN MANUSCRIirra. 
 
 ch'Vi'ii wric klllnl iiiul (line tiikt'ii PrlKoiicrH wKli (lie ((fllctT; I liiivo 
 notliliit; iiutri' to nny but (lint I Hlnccn'lv wIhIi .vom ii Hpfcdy Huctoiif, ft 
 tliiit \vr iiiiiv lu' nl)l(' lu icvciiyc oiiiHclviH on llicm that dt'Hcrvc It. I 
 iTimiiii Willi \u\, siiiccivHl vviHiicH for .vitiir siilVly, &c., N. M. We rxpi'd 
 to Hct olT In a da.v or two for the IllinoiH. 
 
 KXrUACT (•!• A (OIJUTOK KNQUIUY IIKLI) IIY OIlDKIl OK MAIOR HKSUV ' I.AOWIN To 
 
 KNlJIIKKINTO TIIK MANNKH OK TIIK TAKINd nK TIIK KOKI'MHT DUSKV, »T. 
 
 .lOSKIMIH, MUUIrtANI) I'KKiyUlfJI.K, DKTUOIT, « .IVIA, mi. 
 
 raptain llopkiiiH, rrcHulcnt. 
 
 Lieut, lla.v, tiOth Kt'(,'inH'n(, KukIhii Vovvy of the giu'cn'H Hanj?t'r8, 
 MeiubcrH. 
 
 KiihIkii I'awh'c who coinniaiKlrd at Koil SandiinUoy InlontiH the Court 
 that on (he HixIccndi of Ma.v ho was liifoiiiicd by IiIn Sentry at the 
 (Sate, that there were Indians come who wanted lo sp.-iik to hini, upon 
 which he went to hcc who (hey were, and (hiding (hem (o he s(»nie of his 
 own Indians who received him very friendly, he pernii((ed seven of (hem 
 to come in and j,'ave (hem a li((le (obaccoe (o snioak; In a Hhor( (inie after 
 one of them raised up his head; which he supposes was a si;,Mial, upon 
 which (he (wo that sat next him si-ized and lied him, widiout .saying ji 
 word and carried him out of his liooin; where In- found his sentry Dead 
 in the (iateway with (he rest of tiie (iarrison one here and there all mas- 
 sacred, and (lie Fort surrounded l»y Indians; His Serp'inM who had been 
 plauduf,' HonielhiuK' in his {,'arden was killed (here; who iio(wi(hsandiug 
 ho had j,'iven repeated orders that in case any Indians came to the Fort, 
 every man should immediately come in; The Merchants were all killed 
 and everythiuK (hey hid plundered; from whence he was l)rouj,'ht to the 
 Indian Camp at this p >'">, where he remained prisoner untill the third 
 ins(ant, when he mad-? his escape into the Fort. The Indians that he 
 permitted to come in were four Ilurons, and three Outawas who live near 
 the Fort. Ensign Hchlosser who commanded at Fort St. Josephs informs 
 the Court (hat on the Jflth day of May between !) & 10 in the nu)rning, 
 he was acquainted that there was a party of Detroit Tutawatarais 
 arrived to see their relations there, and who intended to come and wish 
 him a good morning, a few minutes after a Frenchman came and told him 
 that there was somelndlans come with an ill design, upon which he run to 
 the Barracks to get the soldiers under Arms, and upon entering found 
 them full of Indians, upon which he ordered his Sergeant to use all his 
 endeavors to get under aims; while he assembled the French and imme- 
 diately went to speak to thera, who were already assembled at his room, 
 and in two or three minutes after he was entered he heard a cry in the Bar- 
 racks, upon which those Indians that were in the room with him secured 
 him, & those that were without seised the sentry at the Gate, and rushed 
 
r 
 
 
 \ 
 
 TIIR ni,AI)WIN MANUaCKIITH. 
 
 r.H7 
 
 in, 111 Hiu-li iiiiiiilx'iH tlmt llit',v iiiiiHHiu-rcii all thi' (hirriHoii cxccitt tlirco In 
 
 ulioiit two tiiitiiilcH (S: pliiiKlfrcd lli«> Foft Iiiiiicn Kcmmh, Hol- 
 
 (iifi- hi till- IKIlii |{r(;iiiiriil will) wiiN oiii- of I he <!iii-riHiiii of MiiiiiiiH iiifoi'iiiH 
 I III* ('iiiit'l Hull iilidiil IIk- L':t(l Miiv II i''i'<-iit'liiiiiiii iii'i'lvi'il lliiTr who 
 infoi'iiit'd I'iiiHl^ii lIuliiii'K who ruiiiiiiiiiiiini, lliiil wlini h«> left llic mouth 
 of the Ulvci* Ix'low Dftrolt Ik* licarrd the ilriii^ of iiiiiiioii, which tiiadt' 
 him hi-lii-vt' IIiIh Foil wiih iilliickt-d, Ihiil .Mr. Iloliiiis Ihcii oi'dcrcd the 
 iiK'ii of I he (iiinison lo rciiiiilii wilhiii the Tori iiiid Ht-lt I hem lo make 
 (■ai'trid};t>H, Unit tlicl'Tlh in IIm' inoniin^ a HCjuaw tlial lived with Mr. 
 IIoliiH'H caiiu- into the Fort iS: told him that I here waH another H(]iiaw in a 
 Cabliiii nhoiil Ihi'ee liiindii'd >iirdN from Hit- ImmI llial was very ill, and 
 wanted him lo Meed her upon which he went out wit h lier and in a Hhort 
 time after the.v lieared two hIioI tireil, ii|ioti wliich the Serjeant went out 
 to Hee what wiih the matter, and upon IiIh cominij; up to two or three 
 Indians tiiat was in si^ht of llie Fori, they took him jirisoner, having 
 killed Mr. Holmes before, upoi. which the men in the Fori shut the (iatcM, 
 and p)l upon the pickets lo look out, when lliey saw one Welch who had 
 been taken i)risoner some days before, & two Fren<'hmen, who by evident 
 description must be one (lodfrey and Miny Chain thai went from this to 
 the Illinois for Pondiac las th(> Indians said) for a Commandant for the 
 IMace, who called to them to aixr up the Fort, otherwise they would all 
 be put to Death, but if they would resifjn their lives should be all saved, 
 upon which the men consulted amonpst themselves & thoiifiht it best to 
 >;ive it up upon the conditions, as Iheie was but nine of them in the Fort, 
 the three others the remainder of the (Jarrison havinf^ been taken two 
 
 days before as they were afterwards informed Lieut. 
 
 Cayler informs the Court that on the liOlh of .Iiine at about 10 in the 
 morninfr, he was on board the schooner Huron opposite to Presqu-isle 
 on iiis return from Nia^ura to l)(!troit which place he i- ngined to be 
 attacked as he saw two swivels fired one after another, t soon after 
 th(; Schooner came too in tlie IJay they saw t-n (.'auons & i ired a smart 
 firing upon the Fort, which continued till the 2l8t when he saw the 
 officers house that stood near the Blockhouse on fire which burn'd to the 
 ground without doing any further damage. The firing commenced 
 again and continued till the 22d between twelve and one when he saw 
 the Blockhouse on fire. That he was not able to give them any assist- 
 ance having notliing but i). small Boat to land men in which would not 
 carry above ten at a time, and being two miles from the shore. Since 
 which the officer and Prisoners were brought to the Indian Camp at this 
 Place. 
 
 Jos. HorKiNS. 
 
 
mi 
 
 688 
 
 THE GLADWIN MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 EXraACT OF A COUHT OF ENQUIKY HELD BY ORUEH OK MAJOR ULADWIN TO ENQUIRH 
 INTO THE MANNER OF THE TAKING OF PREHQU-ibLE, BETROIT. JULY 10, 1763. 
 
 Cap. Hopkins, rresidciit. 
 
 Lieut. Geo. McDougall En-sisn Jos. I. St'hlosser of (lOtli Kej^iment Mem- 
 bers. 
 
 Eusif^ii Juliii ("hrislie who coniinaudcd at I'resqu'isle inforins the 
 Court that on Ihc 12(1 -luiu' at daybrealv in llic morning he found that Fort 
 surrounded bv about 200 Indians part of four nations; at a quarter of an 
 liour after tlicy bej^an tiriuj? upon tlie Hloclvhouse and continued all 
 that day pretty smart; they likewise shot lire-arrows into the roof of the 
 Blockhouse by the enemy which set it several times on fire. The Block- 
 house was situated on a risinji }j;round, & could be api)roached at a little 
 distance by two Hills, one ascendinj; from the Lake Eastward, the other 
 ascending from the bottom or Creek Northward from these two places 
 the Indians kept their fire, having made holes in the earth at night to 
 secure themselves, notwithstanding which, two or three of them endeav- 
 oring to get into the trench were killed, which made them abate their 
 fire for some hours, at wliich time they were employed digging a passage 
 through the Earth to get at the body of the House: The 21st they com- 
 menced firing as hot as ever with fuses and arrows, which set the house 
 again in flames in several places; the same Day the Barrels of Water he 
 had provided for such emergencies was spent in extinguishing the afore- 
 said fires, and finding it impossible to get at the Well that was sunk in 
 the parade, was therefor obliged to sink one in tlie House by very hard 
 labour, while he was digging the well the House was set again on fire, 
 but got it extinguished by driving down the shingles from the roof: At 
 same time they had approached througli the Earth as far as the Com- 
 manding Officer's room on the Parade, they set it on fire and communi- 
 cated it to the Fasines around the Fort; he continued firing 'till mid- 
 night, when one of them who s/oke French called up to him that it was 
 in vain for him to pretend to hold out, tor they could set fire to the Block- 
 house when they pleased, & if ho would not surrender they would burn 
 and torture every man that he had; he finding that they had made the 
 approaches aforesaid, that they could set the house on fire above and 
 below, tlie men being fatigued to the greatest extremity, & not able to 
 extinguish such a fire and resist the enemy's numbers; he asked them in 
 Englisli if there was any man amongst them that understood that lan- 
 guage, they said there was an Englishman now fighting against him who 
 had been their Prisoner seven years. They then desired him to leave off 
 firing & he should speak with him, accordingly they told him that they 
 were of tlie Huron Nation at Detroit that had been compelled to take up 
 arms against Detroit by the Outawas, that there was part of the other 
 nations there with them, that they only wanted the house & that they 
 
i 
 
 THE GLADWIN MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 689 
 
 would have. Tlioy told him he niight have liberty to ^o with his Gar- 
 rison where he pleased. He tlien desired them to leave oft" their firing 
 and he would fjive them an answer in the morninp, early: That seeing 
 the vessel durinp,' the attack hovcrinjj a1>'>iit unable to assist him & con- 
 sidering the situation he was in, & tl.e impossibility of holding out any 
 longer, He sent out two soMiers as if to treat witl: them that they might 
 find out their disposition &how they liad made their approaches, who were 
 to give him a signal if they found what he imagined to be true, that find- 
 ing what he imagined to be so he then marched out with the Garrison in 
 order to save them having their i)romise of libei-ty to go to Fort IMtt, or 
 where they pleased, but were no sooner out tlian seised, bound & he with 
 four soldiers and a woman carried to the Huron Village, where they were 
 kept Prisoners uniill the ".)th instant that he, the woman and one soldier 
 were delivered up. That Shelbarger the said Soldier of Gapt. Hopkins 
 Company of the Queen's Kaugei-s being examined by the Court declares 
 
 the same in every particular. 
 
 Jos. Hopkins. 
 
 FXTRAUT OF A LETTER FROM CAPT. GEORGE ETHEUINGTON TO MAJOR HENRY GLADWIN 
 COMMANmNH AT DETROIT, DATED MICHILAMAOKlNii; 13 JDLY, 1763. 
 
 Dear Sir: The Express which I sent off to l.ieut. Gorrell at Labay 
 arrived very luckily one day befoi-e Tliat I'ost was to have been cutt off. 
 The Savages of that Post came down the Indian AMUage where I was 
 Prisoner. & brought with them Lieut. Gorrell and all his (Jarrison, and 
 they with Mr. Ivcsley, me and fourteen men that remained of the Garri- 
 son of this Place, are just embarking for Montreal under a guard of sixty 
 savages of the Outawa Nation. 
 
 I have a thousand things to tell you but I cannot trust them bythis con- 
 veyance, I have heard nothing of the four men that I sent last May to St. 
 Josephs,' there is two of my men yet with the Chippewas. 1 have pre- 
 vailed with the savages to permit all the English merchants to carry all 
 the goods to Montreal under the convoy, I have been at a very great 
 expense here but it was all unavoidable. I don't despair of seeing you 
 this Fall at Detroit & am. in the meantime Dear Sir, Yours Sincerelj, 
 
 George Etherinoton. 
 
 PROCEEDINaS OF A COURT OF ENQUIRY HELD BY ORDER OK MAJOR HENRY GLID 
 WIN. COMMANDING AT DETROIT, 9Tn AU(nTdT, 176a. 
 
 Captain Hopkins, President. 
 
 Lieut. AVilliams, 17th Regt, Ensigns Anderson, 5551 h Kegt, Members. 
 
 Mr. Rutherford being sworn informs the (\)urt, that the Night before 
 Capt. Campble was put to Death, He was sleeping at Monsieur St. 
 Pemauds house (who was always very civil to him) & in the middle of the 
 night he was awakened by Francois Maloshe & two others whose names 
 
I 
 
 I, 
 
 ■ ^ 
 
 640 
 
 THE GLADWIN MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 he knowa not. Tliey took him in a Closet in said House produced hiui 
 several letters which had been sent from the Fort to Cap. Campblo & 
 obliged him to read tiiem in order (as they said) to know whether Peace 
 was made with France or not; amonji the abov<' mentioned letters this 
 Deponant found one from l.ieut. McDonald which mentioned that Peace 
 was declared in the P'ort and read said letter to them; upon which 
 they scornfully said that j)eace was declared in the Fort; Itut they 
 believed no where else. Several of the above mentioned letters were 
 sealed when they were delivered to tliis Deponant and others oi)en, which 
 M(-loshe said were {jiven to him by Caj). Campble to be taken care of. 
 ri)on the Death of Camjjble (the day foUowiufi) this Deponant was sent 
 for to explain (in full Council of Frencli and Indians) the aforesaid let- 
 ters. He remembers the following persons that were in the Council, viz., 
 IJatist Campeau, Francois Mdoshe, IJatist Meloshe, Sancho P. Obain, 
 Louisau Benter Indian Interpreter, Monsieurs Domelte, Pero Parth, 
 likewise many others he does not know; Those above mentioned were 
 very eaper to fin^l out anytliinj? to tell the Indians that they mijjrht not 
 believe that Peace was made with France. This Deponant further saith 
 that IV'ro Parth told him that he did not believe that there was Peace; 
 Put that Major Gladwin had made the Declaration himself to pacify the 
 Indians. Francis Jleloshe in the above mentioned ('ouncill, upon read- 
 ing the news of Dr. Cuyless being attacked, said aloud let no man speak 
 of them, they are Dogs. Monsieur Denter has often told this Deponant • 
 that he would make his escape to the Indians, for fear the Major would 
 hang him. Pero Parth has told him the same. It was generally said 
 among them that if any of the French were hanged, it would be those 
 that brought Cai)t. Cam]»ble out of tiie Fort. This Deponant was used 
 very illy by Monsr. La Tiard (at whose house this Deponant's Indian 
 master had planted corn it his Cabbin always there & was treated very 
 well by P. La Tiard) After Lieut. McDougall had n)ade his escape, Mr. 
 Coulliere told this Deponant, that it was a pity he was saved, as the 
 French would likely suffer thereby. Farther this Dejmuant saith not. 
 Detroit fi Aug. 17G;}. 
 
 Ensign Poulett says the night before Capt. Campble was killed lie was 
 sleeping in the same room with Mr. Rutherford when Francis Maloshe 
 awakened him and took Putherford into another Room where he heard 
 for sometime whispering and rustling of pajx-rs. In the morning he 
 wanted to know what the French had told him; Put Rutherford told him 
 they had absolutely forbid him to mention it to him; Put on his promis- 
 ing secrecy he told him the same as he has ujmn oath declared to the 
 Court. 
 
 Lieut. McDougall being sworn informs the Court that tlie Day he and 
 Capt. Campble left the Fort to treat with the Indians for a Peace, they 
 
THE GLADWIN MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 641 
 
 met with tlu-ni at Monsieur Cut'lU'ries Houso where they saw the Indiana 
 and French assenibU'd in the largest room. Monsieur Cuilliere seated 
 in tlie middle with a laced hat and coat on, in which manner this Depo- 
 nant had never seen him before, he kept his seat & his hat on when Capt. 
 Campbk' entered & continued covered <lnrin}; the Conpress: Tlie Indians 
 had just tinislied eatin},' some bread wliidi said Cullierie had {jiven them 
 iiiul on liis jjivinfj tliem bread a second time, lie ajijain took part of one of 
 the I'ieces and ear himself, the Indians Demanded the reason, to which 
 he answered that it was to assure tlx'm, he };ave them nothing that was 
 poiscmed: This Capt. Cami»ble and another person (who he does not 
 remember) interi>reted to this Deponant. After some time Pondiac the 
 Chief of the Indians addressed himself to the beforenientioned Cuillierie 
 tidlinp him that he looked u])on him as his Father come to life & as the 
 Commandant of Detroit untili tiie arrival of his Brother Monsieur 
 Billeta; at which s]»eech 1 he said Cuilliere seemed much p'eased; Then 
 Pondiac tiirniu},' addressed himself to Cap. Campble & thi Deponant & 
 told them that if they made a Peace it must be on the same terms that 
 his Father Monsieur liilleta had made, viz., to lay down their Arms and 
 be escorted by a number of Savaj^es, that he would appoint for tliat pur- 
 l)ose to the first Inhabitants; but he would not allow them to take either 
 arms or bappaKo alonjr; On which the aforesaid Cuilliere turned to this 
 Deponant, took him by the hand and said my Friend this is my work 
 (meaninp the offered Terms). I thought Ihey would have been much 
 harder. Some Days after this Deponant and Capt. Campble were talk- 
 in}? to said Cuillierie. & heard him say to Cajit. Campble that he was only 
 sorry for him and Mr. Sterlinp;. the Day the Indians met in Council to 
 assassinate the (larrison. Some time after when the Vessel went first 
 from Detroit for Niapira Pondiac detached five canoes with Indians to 
 attack her in one of which a Potawatamie was killi'd, on which the others 
 run off. The Day after Monsieur Cuillerie was in the Room with Cap. 
 Campball this Deponant, Pondiac and his Chiefs. And on Pondiac's 
 acquainting said Cuillerie what he had done & what had happened, Cuil- 
 lerie answered in a deriding nuinner; what was the use of five canoes, 
 why not thirty-five canoes. This Capt. Cami»ble interpreted to this 
 Dei)onant. This Deponant further sailh that the Son of Cuillerie was 
 employed carrying messages to and from Pondiac, giving information 
 against the few French who assistaed the Fort with provisions, and pre- 
 judicing them against listening to the account of Peace. This Deponant 
 says further that Young Cuillerie was one of the Party who when Pon- 
 diac in Council proposed to the French to take up arms against the Fort, 
 that accepted the lielt and answered he eat the same l)read & drank out 
 of the same cup. & w<uild lire out of the same gun. This Deponant says 
 before and after the orders which Major Cladwin gave forbidding all 
 81 
 
 f» 
 
«ff: 
 
 G42 
 
 THE GLADWIN MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 kind of coraiminication wilh the Ravajjes, Francis Mclosho continued a 
 constant and opon Irado with tlio Savages soiling tlioni daily broad and 
 drv goods; but was kind to him during his captivity. Further this 
 Doponant saitli not. 
 
 Mr. Chapman Abraham being sworn inf«)rm8 the Court, that in coming 
 up Detroit River, having ]>ut on shore at the j»lace of Monsieur St. Lewis, 
 he acquainted this I)e[)ouant that the Fort was besieged by the Indians 
 & Capt. Itobortson, Sir Robert Daviss and a great many more English 
 were killed, & that they intended to kill all the English that would come 
 up Detroit River. Tiiis Doponant immediately told iiis men to go bad? 
 wi(h him; but the before mentioned soldiers told his men if they returned 
 that would be all killed, as the Indians wore round the whole Lake and 
 at Niagara, upon which they absolul 'y refused to return with him. In 
 consequence of which this Dejumant put all his goods in said St. Lewis's 
 hout^e, who told him ho could do his best to siive them from the Indians; 
 Then this Doponant asked him whore ho should go to hide himself to save 
 his life. Re and Madam Esporame (who was present) answered him lie 
 should go to her liome & hide hims<'lf in her cellar; whore he continued 
 about ton minutes and then was told by said Madam Esporame to go out 
 of the house; which he obeyed and in going out she perceived his watch 
 chain & told him 1o give it to her that she was certain the Indians 
 would kill him; upon Avhicli this Dejmnant told her ho would m.iko her a 
 presen'i of it, if she wo\ild lot him stay in the cellar to save him from the 
 Indians. She answered he should stay no longer in the House; upon 
 which he endeavored to gain the woods; she followed him, demanding 
 the watch a second time, which I again refused. By this time the 
 Indians discovered him, took him prisoner and carried him to St. Lewis's 
 house, where he found some of his goods were put in his canoe. This 
 Doponant says further that one l*ero Barth told him that Major Gladwin 
 was the occasion of this Indian War; That if Capt. Campble had com- 
 manded this woiild not have happened; That the aforesaid Major would 
 not give the Indians presents nor suffer their guns to bo mouded as Capt. 
 Campble did; This Doponant replied that perhaps it was the General's 
 orders not to do so, upon which he immediately said that the General did 
 not order the Major to call them Dogs, Hogs & bid them go out of his 
 house. This Doponant one Day saw Batist Devuiere and a great many 
 other Frenchmen going to a Council with the Indians, he asked some of 
 them Avhat was the matter they would not tell him anything. This 
 Deponant has daily seen some of the Frenchmen trading with the 
 Indians giving them bread, tobacco and fish for English Merchants 
 Goods that were taken from the Prisoners. That Viero & Hyacinth 
 Reaumo have traded with the Indians for his effects some of which he 
 has seen worn by said Hyacinth's Daughters since his arrival in the Fort. 
 
THE GLADWIN MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 643 
 
 That IMero LaJiiile told him ho bouplit of hia clTccts. That Madam La 
 .loniU'SH bcinj,' indebted to Moiisii'ur Labadic & knowing liim to owe this 
 Doponant upward of twelve hundred Ion is, asked him if he had occasion 
 for a (luarter of veal & she would send it to him & discount it, which 
 was proposed to said Labadie, who absolutely refused it. This Depo- 
 nant says further that liatist Devuiriere had bouj^ht of ids ellects. 
 
 Monsieur La liule Indian Interpreter for the Tatawavamies & Outawas 
 beint;- sworn, informs the Court that the Day (Jap. Campblo and Lieut. 
 McDougall met the Indians at Cuilleries house, that he was habited as 
 Lieut. McDougall has informed the Court & that he kept his hat on dur- 
 ing the Council, and that the purport of Tondiac's first speech was to 
 inform the French and Indians that he turned out the Commandant 
 (meaning Major Clad win) and desired them to look upon and regard Mon- 
 sieur Cuillierie -j their Father and Comnumder, after whidi the said 
 Cuillierie regaled Pondiac and the other Savages with three or four 
 Fhtggons of wine and pieces of bread. This Deponant further affirms 
 what Lieut. McDougall has informed the Court of in regard to not poison- 
 ing the bread; The Day following the said Cuillierie inquired how Capt. 
 Campble and Lt. McDougall did, they answered very well; But his Depo- 
 nant answered very ill, for that the Indians had strii>ped tbem of every- 
 thing & during the whole night, is that all, says Cuillierie, they are well 
 off. I thought the Sa\ages would have done much more. This Depo- 
 nant further says that an Outrva savage told him, that the aforesaid 
 Cuillierie, spoke to I'ondiac, the Indian Chief, in this manner, have you 
 sent three or four canoes to attack the Vessel, it would have been better 
 to have sent forty. He also says that t'.ie son of the above Cuillierie was 
 continually employed in giving and carrying intelligence to and from 
 I'ondiac, & that he (this Deponant) in Council, when Pondiac was alleg- 
 ing things against the said it was not true, on which Pontiao 
 without hesitation answered then he is pointing to Cuillierie's son, who 
 answered, yes I did tell it This Deponant adds that the Day Pondiac 
 had assembled the old and young men of the settlement together, he 
 demanded of them to assist in digging trenches against the Fort, Cuil- 
 lieries son with the other young men desired the old men to answer first 
 and they would afterwards. The answer was delivered by Monsieur 
 Maj-erin SpoKi'sman for the young men, to this effect, we will not only 
 take Spades but it is also our desire to take up Arms. 
 
 M 
 
 i J 
 
 J! 
 
 »t 
 

 ]' 
 
 644 
 
 THE GLADWIN MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 COPY OF AN EMBASSY SENT TO THE ILLINOIS BY THE INDIANS .AT DETROIT, BY THB 
 
 COURIEU (lODFUfci 4 CHKNK. 
 
 Speech of the Outawnt, nccompawd with n large Belt. 
 
 LiHtt'ii ye Frciicli our lin-llicrcn who aro I'l'isouors as well as wo. It is 
 vexing that the English wIjoiu we were willing to adopt as Bretheren, 
 should deceive so many nations. All that tlie Delawares and Shawany's 
 told us is now come to pass. They told us to be diffident to the English, 
 they only seek to deceive you & so it happeneth. Without the assistance 
 of the French Merchants who give us on trust some trifles we had 
 received to buy what we stood in need of in the Fall we were undone 
 since our Father, Mr. Billetre went away; we have no news, none but the 
 English receive letters. Is it possible that our Father writeth not? No 
 Fienchman receiveth letters. This is to let our Father at the Illinois 
 know our situation and request of him to inform us what is going on, 
 that we may know if we are abandoned. The English tell us incessantly 
 Wliat ye Indians dare ye speak, see what we have done; We have your 
 Father and the Spaniards; We are masters of these lands and of all 
 which belonged to your Father, for we have beat him & we possess all 
 these countrys even to the Illinois except a small spot which is but 
 trifling. The Delawares told us this Spring, that the English sought to 
 become Masters of aM, and would put us to Death, they told us also "Our 
 Bretheren let us Die together, seeing the Design of the English is to cutt 
 us off, we are Dead one way or another. When we saw this, we decided 
 all the Nations wlio ar<' thy Children, to range themselves here at Detroit 
 which they have done. We i)ray our Father at the Illinois to hasten to 
 come to our succour, that he may have pity on us, notwithstanding that 
 the English tell us constantly "From whom will ye get what ye stand in 
 need of? \Vhen our Father, ]\Ir. Belletre was going off from hence he 
 told us "My Children the English to Day overthrow Your Father; as 
 long as they have the upper hpnd ye will not have what ye stand in need 
 of; but this will not last." ^Ve pray our Father at the Illinois to take 
 pity on us and say "These poor Children who are willing to raise me up. 
 Why do we that which we are doing to day? It is because we are unwill- 
 ing that the English should possess these lands, this is what causeth thy 
 Children to rise and strike everywhere. 
 
 We pray thee, our Father, send us an answer speedily, by these Cour- 
 iers, tell us thy thought & thy will; We will put in thy hands him who 
 chased thee from hence; there will be no hurt done unto him, we will say 
 unto thee behold here he is. We beg of thee, also, our Father to treat 
 kindly our Couriers. We are the cause of the fatigue which they are 
 going to undergo. 
 
 4 
 
 ""iXviS: ,* 
 
THE GLADWIN MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 ri45 
 
 Speech of the Chippewaa, accompanied with a small Belt. 
 Wt' approve of the Outawap Speech & have not forgotten our Father. 
 We call to mind what our Ancestors told ns. That if our Father was 
 overthrown our lands would be taken from us. We know the intention 
 of these people that crawl over our lands; this is what engages us to do 
 what we do. We still keep hold of our Fathers hands, and do what lyeth 
 in our power to draw it unto us, if we possess it we shall never let it go. 
 
 COPV OP' A LETTER SENT BY THE INHABITANTS OF DETKOIT. DIBECTED TO THE 
 GENTLEMEN COMMANDANTS AT THE ILLINOIS. 
 
 Gentlemen: We are obliged to submit to wliat the Indians exact from 
 us; The English are blocked up, and all the passages are shut up; We 
 cannot express to you the our perplexity. It would be necessary, in 
 order to judge of the calamaties which threaten us and which appear to 
 us inevitable, that you saw with your own eyes what is going on here. 
 God alone can prevent our becoming the victims of the English and 
 Savages. These Couriers bear to you the talks of the Nations here; We 
 look upon it as .a happiness to have it in our power to acquaint you of 
 our deplorable situation. We certainly never have contributed thereto 
 by our conduct; The English on their part never gave us occasion. 
 Instruct us what we can do; We look upon you as Protectors and Media- 
 tors who would be willing to employ tliemselves efficaciously to pacify 
 two contending partys who threaten us with an unexemplary Desolation. 
 
 i 
 
 A COURT OF INQUIRY HELD BY OBDEB OF MAJOR HENRY GLADWIN, COMMANDANT OF 
 
 DETROIT, 8 SEPTEMBEB, 1763. 
 
 Capt. James Grant, 60th Regt, President. 
 
 Lieut. James Bain, Queens Independence, Ensign Robert Anderson, 
 55th Regt Members. 
 
 Andreas Trueax an Inhabitant of Schenectady being examined; declares 
 that sometime after he hpd been taken Prisoner by the Indians and car- 
 ried to their Camp, he met with a Frenchman at the house of one Rofci- 
 nate, to whom he told in course of conversation, & in the Indian tongue 
 that he was glad to hear of the Indians that they said it was peace, & 
 that he Trueax had told them it was so, upon which the Frenchman 
 answered in a very angry tone that it was not so, that there was war at 
 the Illinois, at Quebec and everywhere, pointing with his arm stretched 
 to all parts, and that there was also aFrench fleet at Quebec; The French- 
 man's name he does not know, but he is a short thick squatt fellow, a sil- 
 
Il 
 
 MS 
 
 THE OLADWIN MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 vi'iHinilh (lie himsi'lf Haiti) by tnulc That aflcrwanls lie Trucax had 
 heard that about the be^'inniiiK of llie troubles at Detroit, this Freneh- 
 inan had deserted tlie Fort where he formerly lived an<l is eertain he 
 never retiinied thitlwi- wliilst lie was a |»ris<»ner. Mr. Tnieax fiirtlier 
 says tliat iu' liad told tlu' alxtve Mr. Fisher, bis fellow laisonei', who be 
 believes knows the Frenehnuui's name. 
 
 Mr. Fisher who was a Prisoner with the Indians aeknowledfjes to have 
 the above Declaration told bim by Mr. Trueax, iK: says the Frenehnian's 
 name is Hart and was a silver and pun smith in tlie Fort. The above Mr. 
 Fisher declares that a day or two after he had been brought to the Indian 
 Camp, he saw the above mentioned Dart the Frenchmai' .a the Indian 
 Cabbin he was brought to & on his telling the Englisii liat it was cer- 
 tainly IVace between the English and the French, this same Bart made 
 answer, directing bis discourse in answering contemptuous tone to the 
 Indians saying it was a Lye, that it would not be Peace, why should it be 
 sooner in Albany than at the Mississippi, that he Mr. Fisher told it was 
 certainly Peace, and related to him as far of the Articles of Peace as he 
 could then recollect; but Dart still insisted that it could not be, and that 
 everything he Mr. Fisher had said to convince the Indians was false. 
 The Indians then asked of Dart whether he had left the Fort or not, to 
 which he answered laughing, left the Fort, 1 have left it long ago. Mr. 
 Fisher further declares that sometime after, the sloop was seen under 
 sail up the lliver, that he saw the same Dart upon the top of a house, who 
 upon his observing the sloop steering towards the Indian Camp he 
 beared him call to the Indians, down with your Hutis, down with your 
 Hutts send off your squaws and children to the woods. Mr. Fisher also 
 declares that the morning Capt. Dalyell had gone with his party, the 
 squaws in his hutt told him, that Bart was through their Camp with his 
 gun & that he beared him calling out, go to the woods, knowing his voice 
 perfectly well. Mr. Fisher saj's further the same day he went with his 
 Indian Father up to Gross Point, who invited him in to do his Commands 
 and get some victuals, that they went to the house of a Frenchman whose 
 name he does not know, but that he is a little squatt man with black 
 curled hair & squints a little, with whom the Indian had some talk he 
 could not well hear as they spoke low, but on their coming away he h\ red 
 the Frenchman above described say to the Indian, taking him at the 
 same time by the hand. Brother do your best againts the Foit, which he 
 earnestly repeated, to which the Indian replyed in their manner, yes. Mr. 
 Fisher further says that when the Indians were making a Raft to sett 
 the Vessels on lire, he told them that it was to no purpose that the Eng- 
 lish would bawl them off before they reached the vessel, that then a well 
 dressed pleasant looking Frenchman & tall came up to him and said in 
 presence of the Indians in their own language, that if there was ten well 
 
 :::rcra« 
 
THE OLAb>v^TN MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 647 
 
 tied toRolluT, with ropoB, tho.v would do, jjet across tlie vessel and cer- 
 tainly set her on fire, and at the same lime directing the Indians, showing 
 tlieni liow the Oatawas mado tlieir rafts; whieh were then finished a 
 IMUc lower down; and waKiu},' for the Chippewas. sendinp down theirs. 
 This Frenchman Mr. Fisher sa.vs lives on the other side of the Creek in 
 which the Oulawas made their ir.fts. and is said by Isaac Trueax and 
 Gerrit Teller to be one Miloss. Mr. Fisher further f.ays that soon after 
 the attack of ('apt. Dalyell he was witii his Indian Fatlier at the House 
 of one Cardinal, the son of the old Cardinal, & heared him tell his Father 
 and many other Indians with a tone full of ectasy & joy that the English 
 had in that afl'air many killed ai'd wounded, that they were lying here 
 V here Dead in the Fields and that • Woman who had been in the 
 t'ort, of whom the Iklajor had asked news regarding that affair, told hira; 
 she said there was but few Indians, that the Cardinal said to tlie Indians, 
 that was true, for had you been all th<'re few of them would escape, tell- 
 ing them at the same time that tlie Major had said that he would wliip 
 them all like beasts out of the ground with a liorse whip. At which 
 expression the Indians laughed very much, as if disdaining all threats. 
 
 Mr. Fisher further says that he was one day with his Indian father )n 
 a Frenchman's house, where tliere had been several Indians and one 
 Gabriel a Frencliman, who lives where the Outawas encamped the time 
 Capt. Dalyell nuide his attack, that he hi'ard the said Gabriel & the 
 Indians talk about having sent to the Fort for pii)es, & the Indians tell- 
 ing him G.abriel that the Commanding ofilcer luid sent them word he 
 knew not of their pipes, nor had he any, upon wl icii this Gabriel got up 
 and gave the Indian hoop or holloe, saying he Wiis a man, & that he never 
 threw away or lo.-/t a pipe, tiie Indians th(m answering the hoop, he 
 Gabriel went out. 
 
 Andreas Trueax and Mr. Fisher both say that tlie same Gabriel had 
 told them, that when the French and Indians had spoke at any time to 
 the Major, he called them Hogs and other names, telling them to gett 
 along and go about their btisiness & would not hear them. Mr. Fisher 
 further declares tiiat one Tom, a servant of Mr. Knaggs's, who was 
 prisoner at the same time told him, Mr. Andreas and Mr. Isaac Trueax, 
 that one evening Mr. John Seeger, a partner of Mr. Knaggs's had got 
 Wabacumaga the Indian Chief of the Messisagar Nation with him at 
 Toronto and that Mr. Seeger who is now Prisoner told him at that time, 
 Wabacumaga told him Se<'ger that St. Luke LeCoru had sent him a 
 large belt to make war upon the English, which belt he kicked from him 
 saying he would have nothing to do with it, that he would not fight 
 against the English, for they were Masters of all, & that the above Chief 
 had told Seeger who spoke the language well not to be afraid, that he or 
 his partner should not be hurt, whilst he was about here. They do not 
 
648 
 
 THE OLADWIN MANUSCRlPTa. 
 
 know th«' tinip tlic belt wiih wnl. Itnl Kiiii^j^H ainl Sccjjcr were iit Toronto 
 from llw Spriiifi ITti'J. Mr. Finlicr further hm.vh that ono NotnwiiM, an 
 Oiilinva Indiiin lind told liiiii and Itolli lli(> jibovc Trncax'H, tliat there had 
 been many MellN and Hatchets sent them these two vears past, but that 
 they the Outawas would not accept of any nntill a hu-jje Hue lU'lt came 
 this last winter ov Last Spiiii);, I lie Outawas said from the Six Nations. 
 Htit Mr. Fisher and botli of the Trueax's aie of o]iinion that the larfie tine 
 belt was the same ollVred to the Messesai^as Chief by St. Luke LeCorn. 
 
 Manning Fisheh. 
 
 Messrs. Andreas & Isaac Truea.xs acknowledjies to liave been present 
 when Tom, Mr. Knapfi's servant, had told Mr. Fisher what Mr. See^,»'r 
 told him in lepard to the IJelt sen! by St. Luke Le(.'orn as al«o at the Con- 
 versations between Mr. Fisher & the Outawa Indian and contirm the 
 same, and that this Outawa Indian iiad told them llu- above in the Six 
 Nation lan^ua^e having; coulidence in them, saying; he had not fought 
 himself, and when the War was <»ver he would not live amoiifjst his 
 Nation, but w(»uld }j(» down to Albany. 
 
 Isaac Trueax a Schenectady Inhabitant, di'clares that some time after 
 he was brou}>ht to the Indian Camj), he was 8tandin;r upon the Koad with 
 soiue other IMisoners, one (leorjie and one llolton. Soldiers in the Koyal 
 Americans, that at that linu> Itarl, the silversmith and Ciuusmith, men- 
 tioned in Mr. Andreas Trueax's and Mr. Fishers Declarations, came to 
 them and beinj; in middle of Indian (.'amp, spoke to them very loud in the 
 Indian Ton^rue and tidd them as a piece of news that there were some 
 canoes arrived just then fr(»m Montreal, which brought letters that it 
 was no IVnce, and that there was lighting everywhere upon Sea and 
 Land just as before, which news the indians must have beared, as there 
 were numbeis about there, who sliowed all the marks of joy, on the 
 occasion; He further says <ha( son)e time after, he met one Lassell; who 
 t(»ld him he was c(»mefrom Montreal at that time,and had seen the traders 
 murdered at (Srand Hiviere. Isaac Trueax further declares that one 
 Mitchell, an inhabitant at Cross I'oint, told him there is a young man in 
 the .settlement, wiio had been amongst all the otiier young people of the 
 settlement, with belts inciting them to take arms and assist the Indians 
 in taking the Fort, desiring that they would foini themselves into a 
 Company of which he was to be Captain. Isaac Trueax, Andreas Trueax, 
 Mr. Fisher, Turnball, & Teller all cotem])orary Prisoners knew the above 
 menticmed Young ^lan Personally from many instances of his ill treat- 
 ment and barbarity to the I'risoners, and that Mr. Mitchell knows his 
 name, they having forgelten it. Isaac Trueax further declares, that Mr. 
 Mitchell also told him there was another Young Man' on the South side 
 of the liiver exciting the People on that side in the same manner and to 
 
 ^-1 1 n i iti uD i a H a ifMUJ" .ji ii w i jtrw 
 
THE GLADWIN MANUS(!UIPTS. 
 
 019 
 
 the Hnnic purpoHc whoHc imiuc Milclicll kIho Uiiowh. Ihuik' Tnicnx fur- 
 thcr d'-clan-H that from the tinw <ln' mnnU Inkcii from him iind tlic other 
 TriHh'VS ciiin*' to Hit- Iii<li:in ('imi|> it wiis a piiltlick market between tlie 
 rieiicli aiKJ Indians 'liil ail wan sold, and thai McIohh who liveH on the 
 fnillier side, of the ("reek from the Fort, eatue to 1dm in i»arlienlar and 
 told him tlial he ImmikIiI Dollais of the Indians and ^ave the valne of a 
 lU-aver fopeaehdidlar. thai he also shewed hin\ his own Waleh whieh he 
 had «(.!. and asked him if it was no(»d. lie furl her savs that he and his 
 partner ha<i l.ion^hl np willi them a Ihonsand DollavH which he saw dis- 
 posed of to the Frencli. who were IIkmc in crowds whilst the sale laflted, 
 both men and women so man v. that he eonld not possiblv nnike any fnr 
 
 t her distinction. t m „ 
 
 Isaac Trueax. 
 
 Andnas Tineax sa.vN that lie had taken from him one hnndred and 
 lift V dollars whicli were also bonpht np by the French. 
 
 (Serrit Teller a Schenectady Inhabitant declares that soon after he was 
 
 bronfrht to the Indhin Camp a Prisoner, he spoke to one Nifiaunay a 
 
 Chii.pewa Chief, the Father in-Law of I)eC(ma{,'ne the Interpreter at Nhi- 
 
 para, and asked him if he thon>,'ht we should soon have Peace, to which 
 
 he answered not for a lonp while, and asked him Teller if he knew (when 
 
 he left N'iajiara) that the Indians were flRhtin}^ apainst the English, he 
 
 answered he did not. The Indian Cinef then said, No that none of the 
 
 English or their Traders know of it; but that all of the French and a few 
 
 of the Indian Chiefs knew of it. Cerrit Teller Further says that one 
 
 Sunday in the afternoon the armed boats were sent up the Uiver, he saw 
 
 P,art, the silver and j>uusmith mentioned in the Declarations of Mr. 
 
 Andreas, Trueax and Mr. Fisher, run very fast up into the Indian Camj), 
 
 and calling to tlie Indians that the English were coming up again, upon 
 
 which the Indians tooli all to their Arms. 
 
 Garrit Teller. 
 
 Andreas TiMieax being again examined says that Mitcliel's wife at 
 Gross Point told him that she was told by a Frenchman the names of 
 four of the first people in this Colony who were i)rincipals at the head of 
 
 all the mischief done here. 
 
 Andreas Trueax. 
 
 The above i)ersons. Andrea-i Trueax. Manning Fislier. Isaac Tr\ieax. 
 and Garrit Teller. Declaie they are willing at any time to make affidavit 
 of what they have said, through the course of this examination. James 
 
 Grant, President. 
 
 James C.unu'r soldier in the (Kith Hegiment, who was Prisoner with 
 the Indians, says that Charles Dusette had threatened to kill hira, & 
 
 83 
 
 if;.."^^? 
 

 
 H60 
 
 THE (W.ADWIN MANUSCUIPTH. 
 
 thnt ho iiiid fou^'lit ii^iiiiiHt ('apt. Dalvfll on {]n> .'UHt .Inly iind iniH Hr 
 Hdbci't Davri'H'N Hific iind <lu' I'owdfi' Horn and Point oT ('a|>. ItoltinHon. 
 Tli«' Hiiid DuHcttc Ih the IN-iHon liinlcd in Mr. Trncax'H cvldt-nic to iiave 
 Brnt IU'IIh to tlic vonn^ nit-n ol llic Ht'llli'iiH'nl and tivatcd tlic I'riHoiuTa 
 RO ill. 
 
 lli 
 
 PR()('KK»IN(18 OF A COl'HT OK INQDIRY HKIA) AT UKTKOIT, OCTOHKK I, IW.l 
 
 Tnpt. .Tamos (Jrant, r>'Mli Hcfjt., I'n'Hidcnt. 
 
 Llont. llain of tho (jnoonn Ran^'crH KnHi^n AndcrHon of tlio .'intlj Uopt, 
 Momboi-H. 
 
 •lolm Scvorin^'H soldier in tlio (tOtli H('f,'iniont boin^ talion I'riHoncr bv 
 the Hava>,'<'H in May last hy tlio ('liijtpcwas and broii^'lit down to tlie 
 Ontnwn Canij) noar McIoshIh'S Honso, navH that dnrinj,' tho titno of his 
 inii»risonnionl ho was inado to wor!< by tlio RavapoH at tlio Hafts with 
 which thoy intended to tire the Vessels, ho saw two Frenchnien, the two 
 Molosshos, assist tho Savapes not only in constnictinfj said Hafts but 
 had piven thom nnpi-os, axes and other iniplenionts fit for that purpose. 
 That ho was in some time broiipht to the South Side of tlio Hivor to n 
 Frenchman's house with whom he waf made to work. That tho French- 
 man paid the Savapes half a bushel of wheat for every four days work 
 (the Frenchman's name ho knows not) bnt knows his House that ho had 
 saw some Indians come to tho House domandinp a cow to kill, that the 
 Woman of tho House jiskod them for I'ondiac's order, which they said in 
 Indian, Panama, sipnifyinp soon, that ho had frociuently soon billots or 
 orders from Tondiac to several French for what the Savages might want, 
 wlii«'h was always readily granted, that ho heard tho woman of the same 
 house say when the Indians iro gone that Montreal was to pay half their 
 loss by the Indians. .Tamos Connor soldier in the GDth Regiment being 
 taken Prisoner at the same time with the above, was brought to Jacoe 
 St. Auborgs an inhabitant's house who bought liim, that soon after he 
 was bought Pondiac the Indian f'hief came and desired St. Aubergh to 
 send him to work at the Rafts then making to sett tiro to the Vessels, 
 which the Frenchman obeyed and sent him and his own son with a horse 
 and cart to draw timber for the Hafts, that tho same day he saw St. 
 Aubergh give a small Bullock to the Indians which thoy slaughtered 
 before his door; that one day one Piero Hart came to St. Auberglis house 
 and asked him the Prisoner w hat he thought of the war, will the Fort be 
 taken, to which he cry'd no. That Bart said it would in two days, & 
 that he would buy the two .Jones's gunsmiths from the Indians; that 
 Bart had at another time told him that tho soldiers in the Garrison were 
 entered in a Consiiiracy, and under the silence of the Night intended to 
 leap over the Pickets and abandon the Fort, and after they had got out 
 
'.9%: 
 
 TIIK <ll,At»\VlN MANrHfRIITa. 
 
 e.M 
 
 wen- to l>f cuinliirtcd to I'oihliiic'H cimip It.v <'ii.' UlitiilN-iiiix, :iii Iriliabl- 
 tiiiit III llif I'oi'l, <l('siiiii>f liiiii lit (Ik- Hiiiiif lliiu' iiol In HpciiU of It to any 
 (»f tlic KiikMhIi piisuiiciM (Tlii« ( 'oiivfrHiilion with Itiiil wuh in Kiik'UhIi) 
 tliiit lie knew Miiviick, SI. AiiImt^Ii, MiilliiiiH McIohIic. it nrtithrr to liavf 
 Ik'cii const!. iiII.v at tin- Indian ('oiincills, wiiilHt lie waH a I'ririoiicr, tliat 
 hiH MaHtcr Ht. AuIm-ij,' IuhI tol<l liiiii, Hh'hc ('<iiintills wvvr licUl to K«'t 
 tlu'ni to take np Anns auainsl tin' KiikHsIi. wliicli tlicy rcl'iiscd, but tiiat 
 two I'l-cncliniaii liad talvt-n up arniM, (me ('liail«»c iMiHcttc, tlio oIIht name 
 lu' does n<»t know. Tiiat liv knows liis Master St. AiiImtk to have tillt'd 
 abont ten aiTcs of ^Tonnd, wliidi lie liad Kivcn to four dilfcrcnt faniillcH 
 of Indians to plant nn-n in, that he had idtcn seen his master IVcd the 
 IndiaiiH and knows him to have bou}j;lit from them dill'erent sorts of 
 
 KoodH plnndoird and taken from the EngliisU. 
 
 his 
 Jamkh X Conner. 
 Mark. 
 
 Thomas Meares soldier in the (iOth IlcKimcnt bcintr taken iirisoner by tin* 
 HavngcB at Trcsciu' isle the 22d June last says that lie was brontjht from 
 thence to the Indian Camp at Detroit where he saw Capt. (Jampble & Lt. 
 McDouKiill rrisoners, that soon after Lieut. McDou^'all having made his 
 esiape he was carried to see Caj»t. Campble put to Death in a most bar- 
 barons and inhuman manner, and expecting the same to be his Fate as 
 soon as they had done mangling the body of Capt. Campble, he imidored 
 the mercy of the man in whose house Capt. Campble & LI. McDougall 
 were whilst Prisoners, who answered no, were you my own Prisoner I 
 would give you to the Indians, as you are an Englishman, for the Indians 
 and we are all one, clapping of his hand to his heart, and proceeded in 
 saying whilst he had anything they should not want, that on their return 
 from the place of Execution he beared the same Landlord of Lt. McDou- 
 gall tell mauy things of him to the Indians which occasioned their being 
 very cruel and ill natured to him for a long time after. That he had been 
 soon after Capt. Campble's Death brought to an Indian Village on the 
 way to St. Josephs about four days march, in which Village he saw three 
 Frenchmen (whose names he does not know but well know ineir Faces 
 and their houses having been there sjnietime) come the day after Capt. 
 Dalyell's Defeat in great haste, and beared them tell the Indi-^-^s there, 
 seemingly in the greatest joy, how the English were beat <y had great 
 numbers Killed, showing how they were brought in complaining of their 
 wounds & many other demonstrations of joy. That thei is a French- 
 man who lives below tlie Huron Village, & to his knowledge had given a 
 cornfield to three Families of the Outawa Indians, as well as his Horses 
 to carry the corn for them to the Kiverside, when pulled (Ue also knows 
 the man's face and house). That he also knows of St. Auberg having 
 
 :i ( 
 
 2|1 
 
652 
 
 TEE GLADWIN J[ANUSORIPTS. 
 
 given a Field of ten acres well lill'd to the savages, and that he himself 
 was made to work at the pulling of it, that he also knows the said St. 
 Auberg having often run into the Indian Camp where he had been kept 
 with intelligence when the English came out of their Fort with their 
 lioats or otherwise. That he had often beared many of tlie Inhabitants 
 spirit up the Irdians by telling them that the English Garrison were 
 living upon two osinces of Flour pr day, and no Pork, nor was there any 
 at Niagara to be sent to them, that he knows also the houses of several 
 Inhabitants in which tlie English plunder is deposited and preserved for 
 the Savages, which he can show at any opportunity. 
 
 Thos. Meares. 
 
 The three soldiers, John Severings, James Conner & Thomas Meares, 
 are ready to make affidavit to what they have declared in the Course of 
 the above examination. 
 
 James Grant, President. 
 James Bain, 
 xvob't Anderson. 
 
 Detroit 12 October, 1763. 
 
 A COURT OF INQUIRY HELD BY ORDER OP MAJOR GLADWIN, ENG. COMMANDANT. 
 
 Captain Robert Rogers, I 'resident. 
 
 Lieut. Hay GOth Regt. (Members) Ensign Perry, Q. R. A. Rangers. 
 
 Evidence of Jolin Seger, who was taken Prisoner at the Grand River in 
 coming here, says that since he has been a Captive he has often beared 
 the Indians say, in talking amongst themselves, that they were surprised 
 that the French did not keep their words with them that they liad pro- 
 mised thay should not want for Provisions or Ammunition in case they 
 should begin & continue the war with the English, & how would it be by 
 and by if they b 'gan to draw back already. He further says tliat he 
 was last Winter at Toronto a trading when he was told by Wapauma- 
 gen a Chiet of iiie Missisagys that St. Luke Le Corn, had sent Belts to the 
 Several Nations this Way, as he termed it under ye ground, which moved 
 about last winter, the purport of which was to desire them to continue 
 still in their friendship to the French, who would come in a Fleet in the 
 Spring & take the Country again. He at the same tim.e told him that the 
 Indians would be at War with us in the Spring. That he was told by an 
 ludian Chief in the Mohawk Tongue in Mr. Massack's House, in presence 
 of many others that three Relts had been going about from the French 
 these three years past exhorting the Indians to take up Arms against 
 us. He also says that as soon as there is any alarm amongst the Indians 
 they carried their goods in the French houses by way of security, that he 
 
 •mmm 
 
THE GLADWIN MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 saw six pieces of straw in Massacks. which lie believed to be part of what 
 was taken from him at (li-and Kiver. The said Seger is willing to take 
 his oath that the said evidence is true whenever he shall be called upon, 
 and that Several rrisoners had sliown him a Frenchman who spoke a 
 little English, and whom he will kn<»w when he sees him, that always 
 came to lire against the Fort with the Indians. The above Seger recol- 
 lects that he was told by the Chippewas that the tirst canoe that went 
 from here in the Spring to Montreal went t»n purpose to bring ammuni- 
 tion for them. 
 
 John I'acks soldier, who was taken I'risoner coming from Michili- 
 mackinac in the Spring says that Charlo Dusette told him that he "^d 
 Piero Barth iiad received two Belts of >Vampum from the Indians as 
 Commanders to raise the French in Arms to take the Vessels, they were 
 to have had a man from each family, but they would not g with them 
 though they warned tliem. That he French Guard the most valuable 
 of tlieir goods that in case we should drive tliem off they can come back 
 and get them. The above Packs is willing to be qualified to the above 
 evidence whenver he shall be called upon. True Cojjy. 
 
 BoBEBT Rogers. 
 
 LETTERS FROM M. NEYEON, COMMANDANT AT THE ILLINOIS. 
 
 To all my Children : The Iroquois, or Six Nations, Abenakies, Shawnes, 
 Ottawas, Chippewas, Hurons, Pautewatamies, Shiraponts, Macoutins, 
 Miamis, Ouiejalanaws, Peanquickias, Ilinois, Sakeys, Foxes, Folcavoines, 
 Ozages, Kanses, Missouris, Panis, and to all Red Men. 
 
 My Dear Children, as none of you can reproach me of lying, I promised 
 you to communicate to you the news, and you to listen to my speech, 
 io! hero it is. My dear Children, open your ears that it may penetrate 
 even to the bottom of your Hearts. Tiie great day has come at last 
 wherein it has pleased the Master of Life to inspire the Great King of 
 the French, and him of tlie English to make Peace between them, sorry 
 to see the blood of men spilled so long, it is for this reason they have 
 ordered all their Chiefs and Warriors to lay down their arms and we to 
 acquaint you of this news, to engage you to bury tlie hatchet, doing it 
 as I bone, what joy you will have in seeing the French and English 
 p ■jke witu the same pipe and eating out of the same spoon and finally 
 living like Bretheren. You will see the Road free, the Lakes and Rivers 
 unstopped. Ammunitions and Merchandise will abound in your Vil- 
 lages; Your women and children will be cloaked as well as you, they 
 will go to the dances and Festivals not with cumbersome & heavy clothes, 
 but with skirts, blankets and Ribbands, forget then, my dear children, all 
 the evil talcks, may vhe wind carry olf like dust all those which have pro- 
 
654 
 
 THE GLADWIN MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 il! 
 
 
 cet'ded out evil inoulhs. The Kt'spcct and Fiiendshij. wliiclj you biiv.« 
 Jilwiiys had foi' the Word of Onondiijo ;iiid for mine in particular inak-H 
 me believe lliat .vou will listen to this one now: It is from a Father who 
 loves tenderl.v his Children and v, ho seeks nothing but your welfare. 
 
 The French are free even as you, they ehanfje the Land when the King 
 orders it, he has not {,'iven yours, he has only ceded those which he had 
 amongst you in order to avoid War for the future and that ye may always 
 enjoy tranquility and have abundance of merchandise in your Villages. 
 I dei».nd upon you that you will not make me lie, and that your Young 
 Men will not quit their Rattles or play things to take up t'he Hatchet, 
 but to carry it amongst Savage Nations from whom vou expect no suc- 
 cours and who are on the Earth to Kmbroil it. Leave off then my Dear 
 Children from spilling the blood of your Bretheren the English, our 
 hearts are now but one, you cannot at present strike the one without hav- 
 ing the other for enemy also, if you continue you will have no supplys 
 and is from us that you expect them, you will be alwavs in mv heart, 
 and in those of the French who will never abandon you. 
 
 I bid you all farewell and recommend you to respect always the French 
 who remain amongst you, altho I expect lo go off sometime after the 
 Couriers which I dispatch to you, send me yoiir answer by them. If I 
 do not receive it here it will be at New Orleans where I will concert with 
 the great chief, the means for supplying you, thus having all the other 
 side of the River Mississippi where the French will supply the wants o-f 
 those who will be in this quarter. 
 
 I pray the Master of Life to enter into your hearts & that he may make 
 you know that in following the advice which I give vou to make Peace 
 with our Bretheren the English, you may never stand in need of bein.- 
 pitied, and finally that the King, I and all the French will be glad to see 
 you live m Peace, and for proof of the truth of what I tell you, I sign 
 these Presents with my hand and put thereto the seal of my arms at Fort 
 Chartre 27 Sept. 17G3, 
 (Seal) 
 
 Signed, J. Neyeon DeVilliere, 
 
 Fort Chartre at the Illinois, 27th Oct., 1763. 
 Gentlemen: It is well decided that the King of France, the King of 
 England and he of Spain (undoubtedly affected with the horrors of such 
 a long and bloody war) have at length made Peace, whereof the Detinite 
 Treaty was Exchanged the 4th of March last. It is by virtue of a letter 
 with the King's Seal that the Governour by his dispatches bearing date 
 he 13th ot last July (and which I received the 21st past) gives me orders 
 to deliver up this Peace to the Comu.issaries of his Brittannick Majesty 
 empowered by his orders for the purpose & evacuate it. I do not eater 
 
 J 
 
 
THli GLADWIN MANUSCRIPTS, 
 
 666 
 
 L 
 
 into a Detail of this Cession; it is conforniablc to tlie articles in the Parlia- 
 mentaries concerning tliis Quarter, and which you have seen, which 
 leaves the Inhabitants free and at liberty to retire whoreever it seemeth 
 pood unto them within the possessions of the Three Kinps; he has then 
 ordered nie to acquaint nil tliose who are willing to withdraw themselvoB 
 hereof, & to propose to them New Orleans, the Aliemants, Lapointe, 
 Loupdd, Anhancas and Sante Gunnviene, to establish themselves there 
 with assurance of having all facility in tiieir new settlements. If any 
 amongst you gentlemen choose to follow this resolution, they are free 
 to do it and may assuie themselves that I will procure them every suc- 
 cour that will depend on me. It remains then, Gentlemen, that I exhort 
 you agreeable to the Kings intention to put everything in practice to con- 
 tribute to the Peace which I demand of the Indians, being well persuaded 
 that the English Gentlemen will take the most just means to accomplish 
 it in consequence whereof I have dispatched these Couriers and am 
 entirely, Gentlemen, Your very humble & Most Obt. Servt. 
 
 (Signed) Neyeon DeVilliere. 
 
 \ 
 
 To all the Inhabitants at Detroit. 
 
 We Peter Joseph Neyon DeVilliere Major Comuiandnnt of the Illinois: 
 
 Mr. Deciuindre, Cadet, is ordered to set out this dny with one named 
 .Tames la Devarette and two Indians to go to Detroit to carry our Dis- 
 patches thither. 
 
 He will be charged, moreover, with a parole from us in writing with a 
 flying seal, three Bells and four i>ipes for all the Nations. 
 
 As the Ouyatanons are the first that he will find, he will cause their 
 Chiefs to be assembled, together, to whom he will explain exactly our 
 I'arole in assuring them of the Peace, in token whereof, he will deliver 
 up to them one Belt and one Pipe. 
 
 He will do the same with the Kekapouts, Maskoukins, & Miamis, and 
 from thence he will go to Detroit, when he will deliver our letters to the 
 Commandant. 
 
 If contrary to our intentions the siege of Detroit by the Indians should 
 obstruct his entering into the Fort, he is to go to Pondiac, Chief of Outa- 
 was, where he will read over our Parole and give it up to them, enjoyning 
 them to convey it to all the other Nations. 
 
 He will be on his Guard in order to avoid all manner of surprises from 
 ill conditioned Indians. 
 
 We command to him most expressly to make all dispatch. We desire, 
 therefor, all whom it may concern not to retard him but on the contrary 
 to procure him succour and assistance. Given at Fort Chartro, 27 Sept. 
 1763. 
 
 Signed, Neyon ViLLiERji. 
 
666 
 
 THE GLADWIN MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 THE DECLARATION OF MR. JADOC TO MAJOR GLADWIN AND (UPT. ORANT AT MAJOR 
 (ILADWIN'S HOUSE, THE 24TH DEC, 1783, IN THE EVENING. 
 
 Saith that in council with I'ondiac composed of the following principal 
 Inliabitants. viz., Navarre Sohcott. Canipeau, Currio, and Frank Mcloss, 
 somotinio about the latter end of June or beginning of July, 176,*^ Schcoti 
 told Pondiac that they would not fighl with him against the r:nglish, as 
 they would expose their wives and children to inevitable ruin, should 
 they not succeed, but that there were about three hundred young men in 
 the settlement wlio had neither Parents or much property to lose, that 
 might and ought to join him, in consequence of which speech Tondiac 
 addressed himself to some Young Men present, who immediately agreed 
 to join him and fight against the English. Kenbarger told him of this 
 Council and that Frank Meloss had insisted in s..h1 Council that Mr. 
 Nevarre being a knowing & leading man would tell assure Pondiac that 
 th(>y were all ready and willing to take up arms with him against the 
 English, which Nevarre absolutely refused, & said no I will not tell him, 
 tell it him yourself. That on Jadocs hearing the result of this (Jouncil 
 he came to Pero Potie, the Jesuit and prevailed ui)on him to come to the 
 Fort and acquaint the Commandant of what passed, but as the Jesuit 
 was ready to sell out, I'iero La Bute & Baptist Gruereme came and tind- 
 ing he was going to the Fort told him he was mad, that Pondiac would 
 burn his church, destroy all he had and then kill himself, which fright- 
 ened him and prevented his going and acquaint the Commandant that it 
 was agreed upon in (\)uncil about the 5th day of July, that the Garrison 
 was to be attacked without by the Savages and French, and within by 
 the French Inhabitants residing in the Fort. N. B. This corresponds 
 with three large Keys being found in the Fort, which answered in every 
 respect the locks of "the Fort & with the Deposition of McConie, a soldier 
 in the GOth Regiment, who had at that time been Prisoner, and told by a 
 fellow Prisoner, who spoke good French that the Garrison were all to be 
 murdered, as the French were all to attack it from without and within, 
 as well as the savages, or to this puri)ose. Jadoc further saith that at 
 Piero Labutes House he told Pondiac of the Peace, and putting three of 
 his lingers close, showing as the three great Kings had now made Peace, 
 that in attacking the English it was attacking the whole three & many 
 other arguments to prevail on the Savage Chief to listen to reason which 
 ho for a little lime seemed inclined to giving great attention; But the 
 said Labute in a rage told liim Pondiac it was all a lie, propogated by the 
 English to deceive them, and tliat Jadoc himself xyas no other than an 
 Englishman. He further saith that all the St. Obaignes & Campeans 
 are the most ])nmiineut i.eople in llie settlement, and by them proposed 
 (0 make trenches, that when the enemy were close on the outside the 
 
THE GLADWIN MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 657 
 
 Garrison was to be attaclied within. That Hart the gunsmith and Ship- 
 pa-on, two Inhalitaut.s of iIk' Fart Isad ofd n ^jone out anion}i;st the Snv- 
 apes and told eviTywlicre tiiat tlio Enfjlisli in llie Fort were iialf Dead, 
 and tliat a jjood sava;je cry would make them surrender; Further that 
 Currie, Schioott, Men.v Chene, (Jodfrey and others knew of the Plan to 
 murder the Garrison in Council several days before it was attempted to 
 be put into execution; and that by the requests of Curie, (^anipeau and 
 some others ('apt. Campbell was to be saved. That Pierro La Pute iuid 
 told Jadoc that Currie had also desired of Pondiac to save Capt. Hop- 
 kins that he was as one of them, which he promised to do if lie knew him. 
 Further that Baptist (\'imj)eau came to his Jadocs house showed hira 
 some letters & a Pelt wliich «ere to be sent to the Illinois l)y Godfrey 
 and Meny Chene, which on reading surprised him so much that he asked 
 said Campeau if he showed them to the Co mandaut; that he answered 
 witli equal surprise, what Commandant, we have no other Commandart 
 now but Pondiac & next Sunday you'll go to the Mass in tlie Fort, and 
 you'll see no English there, we will take it eer that time. Jadoc then 
 replied, how will you take it. We will take it by sapp replied Campeau, 
 further that Titfoe, who came in the Fall from th.e IMin-^is and positively 
 declared to all the Savages there was no Peace that it was all a lie & 
 there would be an army soon from the Illinois Avith ammunition enough; 
 lie lodges and resides at old Predomes House. That LeVille Beau, Char- 
 toe Campeau and old Predome ])articularly harboured and fed the sav- 
 ages in the times of want. Further that outside Rentaigne, Cab- 
 barcher, St. Andrew and St. Bernard are all good men, but that, in short, 
 the villaney of the settlement in general, to write it. would fill a volume. 
 
 PROCEEDINGS OF A COURT OF RNQDIBY HELD BY MAJOR GLADWIN'S ORDER TO EX- 
 AMINE THE FOLLOWING PERSONS UPON OATH. DETROIT, 20TH DEC, 1763. 
 
 Capt. James Grant, President. 
 
 Lieut. Abbot Royal Artillery Ensign John Christie Members. 
 
 James Barns soldier in the 60th Regiment being duly sworn declares 
 that he was one of the Garrison of Miarais on the 27 May 1763, when that 
 Garrison was taken by the Indians, and that Mr. Welch the Merchant 
 who had been taken on the Miamis River some days before, told him 
 after he had been taken, that being in the river he was haled to come on 
 shore and was secured by tlie Indians in company with two frenchmen, 
 Godfrey and Miney Chene, who were with the same Indians when he 
 came to the Miamis Fort on the 26tli in the Evening, & that next day 
 after Mr. Holmes was killed, the Serjeant taken and the men, having 
 shut the Fort, the Frenchman Godfrey was with Mr. Welch at the Fort 
 when he called to them to give up the Fort & that they would be all 
 83 
 
 
 m 
 
 I^K!' 
 
668 
 
 THE GLADWIN MANUSCIRIPTS. 
 
 s.ivcd, oil llio f'onlrary, (lie Fort would bo set on flrt' & they nil burn't, 
 upon which they oju'iicd tlio pules and sni—cndi'rcd, that soon after thoy 
 were Prisoners, Welcli tohl liini tlie Deponant lliat he was ordoied to tell 
 tluMu to fi;ive np (he Fort, Uy the two Frenclnnen (iodfrey and Cheno, that 
 (Godfrey had told him, tlie Deponant, to give him a pair of silver buckles 
 he had on his shoes, sayinjj he mifiiit hav<> Ihem as well as the Indians, 
 which he, Godfrey, made Welch Interpret to him in Fnfjlish, for which 
 buckles the said (Jodfrey ])aid him, at Deti'oit, in December following, 
 beinp then Prisoner there; the Indians wlic, had them Prisoners told 
 them they were soinjr to take Onyatanaw, and Avent off aci'ordinf!;ly 
 accompanied by the two said Frenchmen, Godfrey and Chene, and that 
 soon after they heard Oiiiyatanaw was taken and that they carried two 
 of the soldiers taken at Miamis with them, when they went off for Aniya- 
 tanaw. The Deponant further says that as soon as they were taken 
 away from the Fort Miamis, He saw Frer'h Colours flying upon it. The 
 De;!onant further says, upon oath, that Godfrey and Miney Chene, the 
 jirisoners at Detroit, are the very Persons he saw with the Indians when 
 Miamis was taken. 
 
 William Bolton, soldier in the 00th Regiment, being duly sworn, con- 
 firms the Depositions of Burns, excepting from the consternation he was 
 in he does not remember who was with Welch when he spoke to them to 
 surrender the Fort, as also that he heared that the Indians had told the 
 Frenchman Godfrey and Chene to desire him to tell them in the Fort. to 
 surrender and that tliey would be all saved. 
 
 John McConnie Soldier in the fiOth Regiment being duly swornne 
 deposeth that he was taken by the savages at Presqu' isle in June 17(53, 
 that he was conducted from that to the Indian encampment above 
 Detroit and from thence to one Labidie's house, an Inhabitant on the 
 Riverside below the Fort, and that during the two nights he was there, he 
 saw the Landlord Labidie with his own hands dressing the heads and 
 painting of three Young Frenchmen in the Indian manner, each of the 
 two nights. He believes the first night was only to please the savages, 
 several being there. Tiiat on the day following, being the second day, he 
 was there, one Rannoc. a Frenchman but a soldiiM' taken with him and 
 J'risoner at Labadies told him, with seeming sorrow, that this night they 
 would all be killed within the Fort, That AYaggeman, another Fellow 
 Prisoner liad been sent into the Fort to be exchanged for an Indian, and 
 then would be killed, That he the Deponant having asked Rannoc how or 
 in what manner they wei'e to be killed telling him at the same time of his 
 seeing Labadie painting and dressing the young Frenchmen the night be- 
 fore, that Rannoc then replied that the rain only hindered them from at- 
 tempting it the night before and that the French were to assist the Indi 
 ans, being angry for a Frenchman bcMig wounded, and this Night they are 
 
 Jir-1 
 
 '- ■wawauM- aaa 
 
THE OliADWlN MANUSCRIITS. 
 
 to be killed in the Fort, as thev can jn> i" wIk'H tln'y please, tiiey having 
 gotten keys to open the Gates & all the French within are to rise and 
 assist them as well as all the young men in the country. 
 
 The depomint further declares that the evening of the day Ilannoc told 
 iiim as above, Labadie, tlie Landlord, had the second lime addressed his 
 young men as above described, who had all gone out with several sav- 
 ages, lie inuigined to attack the Fort as told him by Kannoc, that at sev- 
 eral other little intervals during the Mghl Labadie came to the place 
 where the Depouant lay, touching him with his hand, he believes to pre- 
 vent his escape, the house being dark and only one old soldier left to 
 guard him. That about tlu middle of the ^'ight, tinding the House quiet 
 he the Deponant got up, and crept as far as the Door, witli an Intention 
 to make his Escape but was prevented by Labadie's having heard him 
 trying to open the door, challenged him and desired if he would go out 
 to take the Indian along with him. The Deponant further says that he 
 believes he might have got off, had he not in the same day, Kannoc and 
 he conversed as above, put confidence in Lai. Kile who had asked him if he 
 knew the Indians to have got money in their plunders with some other 
 questions to which he re])lied he did not know, but that they had got 
 some Watcl.es, and tlien consulted him about nuiking his escape, that he 
 told him it was impossible if could not swim, pointing to the River, 
 which trust he is certain prevented his getting off that night by the 
 vigilance of Labadie & likewise believes was the occasion of his being 
 carried away next day to Sagama, where in his way he met with John 
 Edwards a Soldier & Prisoner to whom he related the circumstances as 
 in this Deposition. The Deponant further declares that he saw Labadie 
 buy three pairs of white stockings from the Indians for tobacco, which 
 stockings he believes had been the property of Ensign Christie, who had 
 been also taken at Presqu-isle. And that he further knows the said 
 Labadie to have received spades shovels and other utensils belonging to 
 the King from the Salvages. The Deponant further says that in the Fall 
 of the Year when he was a't Sagana, he saw two cannons with eight or 
 nine Frenchmen, mostly wounded, who the Indians told him were going 
 to the Mississippi for to bring ammunition and men, that a French army 
 from thence were coming this way. The Deponant further says that he 
 was lying down in Labadies house one of his Daughters came to him, 
 give him a kick with her foot and told him in English to move aside, and 
 that the husband of that woman was one of the men dressed and painted 
 by Labadie as above related, and had gone out with the savages in the 
 night. 
 
 John Edwards soldier being duly sworn declares that the Deponant 
 McConnie had told him on his way to Sagaua the whole in regard to a 
 Frenchman in whose house he had been in, having painted and dressed 
 
 L 
 
: 
 
 660 
 
 THE GLADWIN MANUSCRUTS. 
 
 three young Frenclmicn, wlio he believes jiHuiHted the Indians aRiiinst the 
 Fort and also (old him witii ffi'cat concern tlwit the Fort was to nave 
 been taken lliat Night in the nnuiwer relaled in his depenition. N. li. 
 The circuniHtances in Ihe Deposition of McConnie with regard to the 
 Gates being laid open by the Enemy's false keyH appears to be true, as 
 there were three large keys found within the Fort sometime after hid 
 under ground exactly the same make with the real keys of the Fort 
 and answering locks equally well. McConnie being asked how he knew 
 Labadie to be th«,' Person he had seen Painting the Young Men &Cc 
 Answers he has often since he came from the Savages, therefore knows 
 him perfectly well; being asked who were the young men he saw him 
 paint, answers he believes two of them were his sous & the other he is 
 sure was his son-in-law. 
 
 James Grant, President. 
 
 A COURT OP INQHiBY ORDERED TO TAKE THE DEPOSITIONS OF THE FOLLOWING PER- 
 SONS TAKEN HY THE ^:AVAaE8 IN THE SUMMER, 17B». 
 DETROIT, 218T FEBRUARY, 1764. 
 
 Capt. James Grant, President. 
 
 Ensign John Christie, Ensign Christopr Pauly, 60th Regt. Members. 
 
 Capt John McCoy of the 60th Regiment being duly sworn Deposeth 
 that he was at Miamis Fort on the 27th day of May 1763 when it was 
 taken by the savages, that in the morning he saw some Indians coming 
 towards the Fort, that he went out to see who they were, and what they 
 came about, that as he approached them he saw Mr. Welch, the Indian 
 Trader and two Frenchmen, Ciiene and Godfrey, with the savages, that 
 Welch called to him and told him it was better to surrender the Fort, 
 that their officer was killed & that none of them would be hurt, on which 
 he turned round to go back to the Fort but found that he was surrounded 
 by the savages and his retreat cut off; surrendered himself and was car- 
 ried away to tlie Indian Cabbins about 200 Yards where he found three 
 soldiers who had been taken with Mr. Welsh some days before: Being 
 asked in regard to the behavior of the Frenchmen Godfrey & Chene, 
 answers he saw no bad behavior of them during the time he had any 
 opi^ rtunity of seeing them, wliich was not above an hour, he further 
 Deposeth that the second day after he was taken from the opposite side 
 of the River he saw a Frenchman hoisting a white Flag on the Flagg Staff 
 but does not know positively who the Frenchman was, that lie did not 
 know of Ensigii Holmes being out of the Fort until he was told by 
 Welsh that he was killed, that he knows nothing of any French that had 
 been seen amongst the Indians, but of a vagabond (had been sometimes 
 at the Miamis) wlio has gone off to the Illinois & had often told the 
 Indians that Quebec and New Y'ork &c were to be taken, that the Miamis 
 
 ' a jig gi jajKutBaB ia 
 
THE OLADWIN MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 m 
 
 Indians liad on!y sent Hcvcntirn or ciylitcen of their Wurriors to Detroit 
 who tiiey (old hiiu were not to light uh they were ut war against the 
 Cheroliees. 
 
 I{ol)ert Lawrence soldier in the GO(h Ilefjrinient Deposeth that on the 
 I'llh Ma.v when he was taken l>.v tiie Indians wilh Mr. Welch the Trader 
 on the Mianiis Itiver lie saw ilie two Frendinien (Jodfre.v and Chene, with 
 the same Indians of whom he asked Welch to enqnire what Nation the 
 Indians were oil", (hat the old man Godfrey answered tliey were Ottawas 
 and Chippewas, (hai Welch, at his desire, asked the Frenchman Godfrey 
 a{,'ain, where tliey were going? Who answered that the Indians had sent 
 them w'th Letters to the Commandant of the Illinois to desire tluit he 
 would come down and take possession of the Garrison of Detroit, that 
 Gapt. Campble and Lt. McDougall were taken Prisoners, & that the 
 Indians had been a beating of them for two days before they left Detroit, 
 that Godfrey spoke to them only, tli c Miney Cheue kept constantly 
 among the luo: tns, that in a little after they were taken and tied, he saw 
 two other Frenchmen whose names he does not know, who had some con- 
 versation with Mr. Welsh, Godfrey and Miney Chene, set otf with these 
 other Frenchmen who were servants to Mr. Welch, in two Battoes with 
 all the plunder then taken he was told for this Place, that Welsh told 
 him on the 25tli that the old Frenchman Godfrey had asked what sort of 
 man was Mr. Holmes? Was he a good soldier? That on his being told 
 he was, the Frenchman then said if he was lie had better shut the gates 
 and Fight. TJiat on the 2Gth in the evening the Indians had tied the 
 Prisoners down to the ground, within two miles of thi Fort Miamis; 
 Went all off except two, who with the two Frenchmen Godfrey and 
 Miney Cliene, he as well as the other Prisoners supposed were left to 
 Guard them, that after they were sometime gone, Mr. Welch asked the 
 French where they were gone, they told him to kill Mr. Holmes, in his 
 Room if they could, that in the night two Indians returned to where they 
 were tied & were led in that condition lo their Cabbins. That in the 
 morning 27th May they had contrived to get Mr. Holmes out of the Fort, 
 waylaid & killed him & brought his scalp to the Cabbins, that then they 
 called out Welch and the two Frenchmen Godfrey and Miney Chene who 
 he saw no more. 
 
 Thomas Cooper a soldier in thd GOth Regiment being upon Oath, 
 Deposeth he was taken at the De^iot of St. Cayler on Lake Erie and car- 
 ried through this settlement to an Indian farm, belonging to different 
 Nations, that he was well treated by the Savages during liis Confinement 
 & did not see a Frenchman all the time he was prisoner. 
 
 N. B. The two Frenchmen who carried off Welsh's goods and not 
 known by Lawrence must be known by Godfrey and Miney Chene, who 
 were there. 
 
 James Grant, President. 
 
 John Christie, H. Pauli, Ensigns 60th Regt. Members. 
 
662 
 
 THE GLADWIN MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 Driroif, K! FebrKari/, 1764. 
 .ladciiii luld the CtnuiiiiiiHlaiit in my picsenci' thai there are HoveralH 
 ill tlii» sr(ll(nient maldiiK I'ettvMfiiiai in orch-r to run olT in the Si»i'in« 
 Willi all liieir Ki">i"«. <<» "'<' Illinois & that that several of them had called 
 him names and al)us<'d him lor hindriii^' them from slrikinf,' the Knulish 
 last year, and driving them oat of th • country, and pi'omised to brin^ 
 their names. .ladean returned the V>tV March, hut says tlie above inten- 
 tion was owiiif; to u vafiabond from Montreal who stays in the settle- 
 ment and lie is to brinn him into the Fort as soon as possible with Clare- 
 mont who is to discover a person in the Fort who had sun},' and Danced 
 the War Sonj; and Dance with the Indians th(» Nipht or Day before the 
 Commandant and the (lariison were to l>e murdered in Councill, which 
 he told Clarenionl the intended Massacre. Jadeau further told on the 
 ;aid Uth March, that one rred« iie an Inhabitant abused him for stop- 
 ping some yoHUfj; Frenchmen (foiced by Pondiac) from attackiiifj the Ves- 
 sell, he f'lrt'.ier says that old Itean an Inhabitant on the south side of the 
 River (oi' little Cote) is one of the worst subjects in the Colony. 
 
 
 ii 
 
 Thursday, the 5th Aj)ril, 1764. 
 
 Jadeau furtlier told me in Col. Cladwins room & presence, that Teala 
 llie Huron Chief had told him that the source of the Indian War, was 
 not owing to any IJelts or Emissary sent amongst the Indian Nations 
 about Detroit by the Six Nations but to the French, who had been con- 
 stantly telling them that their Father had come and taken Quebec & 
 Montreal & they were coming lieif with an army from the Illinois, that 
 they would be i!n}.ry with them if they did not stiike the English and 
 take the Fort, ere they came, that th's was tlie argument used by more 
 than two thirds of the settlement to stir up the Indii'ns to mischief. 
 
 I was informed by Mr. LeGrand and Monsieur Din isseaux, that before 
 Canada was taken Pondiac and some Chiefs from Detroii, suspecting a 
 complete conquest on tiie side of I he English had gone down to Fort Pitt 
 and the other Forts on the Communication towards Pensylvania enquir- 
 ing tlie treatment they would have should the English succeed to which 
 was answered that first all the Kivers were to run in Rum, that presents 
 from this great King were to be unlimited, that all sorts of goods were to 
 be in the utmost plenty and so cheap as a lilanket for two Beavers, 4 
 Raccoons taken for a 15*. nver, with many other fair promises which they 
 told in the settlement on their return with much insolence. In conse- 
 quence of which they pllowed Rogers with a handful of men to take pos- 
 session of the Fort and Colony, receiving him with joy, and using Bel- 
 letre the French Commandant at the same time with much disresjiect. 
 
TIE or.ADWlN MANUSCRHTS. WP 
 
 Tlinl In nbout n yonr after rondinc in i»aill(iil)ir lind boon hoarod to com- 
 jilitin and Ha.v tlio KuhIIhI) W(Mo liarH, wliicl. opinion bocanu- ho {,'onoral, 
 tlint a lonj; litni' bofoio tlw.v openly declared liieiiiselveH in arniH. u K'en- 
 oral diHconlent was anion^'st all the NatlonB, and the chief complaint <»n 
 that of the i»roliibiti(»n of riini and that (he EnKlish took wix Raccoons 
 for a Ht'aver, when the Frencli never took bnt four, with many other com- 
 plaintH more *riHinK in their nahire, such aw Annual ('(m>,'reHHeB pro- 
 mised &c., so that on the whole tliey say all the promises (he Knulish 
 nuide were no other th.in (o blindfold and delude (hem for which they 
 had been often heard to say th«'y would kill all the liars and pive their 
 
 lands to their Fathers. 
 
 (Sigueil) James Grant. 
 
 May 11, 1764. 
 
 Mr. Clairmont told Col. Gladwin in the presence of Capt. Grunt & Lt. 
 Hay. That the Olh day of May 170:? (beinp near the Mouth of the River 
 Huron Mottiu}? iimbei- where was also Mr. Massac and many other 
 Frenchmen) at three in the nuu-niu},' some Indians canu' by there with a 
 TJelt invilinp all nations of Indians they met to fall upon the Enplish, 
 wherever they found them. That they sung the War Sonf,' in Mr. Mas- 
 sac's hovise or C'abbin, which was a little distance from his, & that Mr. 
 Massac sun},' with them & when he struck his stroke in the son}; he struck 
 with a little loaf of Bread. That one Dunoir and one Campeau was 
 present. That they also said the first Council that was to be held in the 
 Fort would be to murder all the Kn},'lish. That about ei},'ht o'clock the 
 same morninfi Sir Rot»ert Davers and Lt. Roldnson came there in a Boat, 
 to whom he told all that had i)assed and desired them not to }j;o forward 
 but ratlier stay wit'.i him, but they would not believe anythin}! he said 
 and went on. That ^Ir. Massack went oil' in (he woods and would not see 
 Sr. Robert. That about ten he heard the report of some },Mins toward tlu 
 Lake & between three and four in the afternoon the Indians came back 
 and brou}?lit their scalps. Massack then said he did not tl.ink they would 
 have killed tlieni. & he was' sorry for his fault. Clermont then told him 
 it was necessary somebody sl\ould }io and ac(|uaint the Commandant of 
 what had passed, upon which Massac desired him to come along, but 
 Clermont then asked him he could },'o who had nobody but a Child to take 
 care of his House, and you have four or live nu'U. I5ut since you will not 
 go without mo I will go by myself, when Massack saw that he went off 
 & Clermont imagined came to inform of what had passiMl, it was then 
 about tive in the afternoon, the 9th May. 
 
 On Tuesday the nth June, 1704, Mr. Jadeau informed me in the pre- 
 sence of Col. Gladwin and Lieut. Hay that one Lesperame. a Frenchman 
 on his way from the Illinois he saw a letter with the Ottawas, at the 
 Miamis River, he is sure wrote by one Baptist Campeau (a deserter from 
 
664 
 
 THE OI.Anwm MANITSPRIPTS. 
 
 th«' wtllciiicnl of Detroit) and Hi^iird hy I'ondiiic, tlic Hiivnpt' from the 
 FllinoiH netting fortli, Tliiit tlicrc were Five liiindrcd Kii^MhIi coniini; to 
 the IIliiioiH, tV tliat tliry. tlic (MtawiiH at MiainiH, iiniHt liavc patience tiiat 
 lie rondiae wan not to teliii'n nntil lie liad dereated tiie Kn^lisli tS; tiien lie 
 would come vvilli an Army from the IllinoiN to take Detroit, whicli he 
 dt'Hired they mifflit piiMish to all the Nations about. That I'oudar and 
 Ball was In as preat plenty an wat»'r. That the Frencli Commissary I,a 
 ClelT had H(dd about Forty Thousand weight of I'owdar to the Inhabi- 
 tants, that tile Fujulisli. if they nunc, njight not get it. There was 
 another letter on the subject sent to an Inhabitant of Detroit, but can't 
 tell in whose hand it is. .ladeau further said that Lesperame told him 
 that I'ondiac on his way to the llli. \rr .''M-iup, at Miaiuis, found 
 
 there some Knplish Frisoners, one of , !io!>i ad boat a Chief of that 
 Place. Tiiat Fondiac told them they musi uurn him, and on non-(Jom- 
 pliance he threatened to destroy their Nation, on whicii threat that 
 Prisoner was burned and another shot. 
 
 Signed, James Giunt. 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 July nth, 1764. 
 
 This day a small parly of Fotawatamies arrived hero who informed 
 that an Indian was come from the Illinois to St. Josephs who informed 
 them that ho was in Council with Fondiac there. That Mr. Deneyon 
 told him ho was plad to see him iS: hoped that his sences were come to 
 him. Fondiac llien took a larpo Holt and laid it before him say in},', My 
 Father, the reason of my journey is to pot you & all your allies to join 
 with me to po apainst the Knplish, upon which Mr. DoNoyon took the 
 Holt and told him. Vour sju'ech much surprises mo as I doubt not but 
 you have roc'd my messapo, wherein I informed you, the French and Enp- 
 lish wore but one, then ri'turned the Holt. Fondiac then took the Belt 
 apaiii and imi)ortuned Mr. DeNoyon several times on the same subject, at 
 last Mr. DeNeyon pi'ow anpry and kicked it from him, askinp liim if he 
 had not alri-ady beared what he said to him. Ho then addressed him- 
 self to the jlliuois Indians and told them, they suav him that day in the 
 Fort but povhaps tliey would see their F.rothers the Knplisii next, and 
 exhorted them i-) live in amity with them, whicli ho made no doubt of as 
 their sentiments were very pood. Fondiac then asked for Bum Si, De 
 Neyon pave him a small Harroll, which ho took to one of the Illinois Vil- 
 lapos, and with a Bed Belt exhorted them to sinp the War Soup with 
 him, which some of them did, but wore very sorry for it when they were 
 sober. The Indian tliat brouplit this says that before Jjo left the Illinois 
 he saw three Knplish oHicers, who were sent on before, the Army being 
 but a little way behind with a larpo Body of Indians. 
 
 
 ^4» - 
 
THE GLADWIN MANUHCUMTS. 
 
 ^65 
 
 June loth, llHt, 
 TIiIh (lii.v Tnitd, ii Wiiiiidoll c'l>i<f of IIiIh I'Ijic.', iirrlvcd Iktc from Han 
 (IiihK.v wliirc lie liiid Itccu lo riiny Sir NViMiaiii .lohnHon'H Hpcccli, wlio 
 HiivH that after he dcliviTcd it ainl Ii-fl it to llicir Dclihciafoii, Tlic (In-at 
 ("liicf (Hijr .law) fxot np and llianiicd iiiiii for liic tiduldc lit' had hccii at to 
 bring it and iinint'diatciy tiic whoh- went ont. After he had dclivn'd 
 llic Hpi'cch lie HiijH he ndvlHcd them to coiuc to thflr hcuhch, but in caHc 
 they did not it was tlicir alTair. l''ouf (hiyH after they eanie back and 
 desired Teala to conie and liear 'viial lliey liad to Ha\ in answer. 'I'lie 
 
 llrst HeU they jjave him was .. repetition of Sir WilliaiUH Hp( li. 'i'lien 
 
 they loolc allot iiei-. Saying Sr William asks the .-easoii why we Htnick 
 agaiiiN* the Ijiglish, we think Xw oiiglil to know better tliaii anybody; 
 yes said Iliey, it is Sr William that ought lo know, but since the SeneciiH 
 luiv(» made Peace with him, and tiie llnglish, tell him it was tlioni that 
 just embroiled the Karth and were the llrst cause of what has been done, 
 (iavea Melt. They then took another Melt and said, Sr. \N ""lliam and the 
 Six Nations want that we should own our folly and find words to excuse 
 ourselves that we may l)e again set right, ^'oii'll tell him by this lUdt 
 which you are charged to deliver to him that for wlmt is past in past, 
 that we have yet dtuie no harm since hist summer, we have kejit our 
 ^(>ullg Men (iiiiet for which reason we think ilu' Itreach may be easily 
 mended; iiiid tell him also we shall keep them (iiiiet this summer when 
 we think we shall be reconciled. The two Mohawks who are come with 
 Teata say that they were told by the Iliinuis of Sandusky that they 
 would not tell Teata the result of .i (.'oiincil tiny had had with the Shaw- 
 nees, which was that they were to M v to takt' Fort IMtt by Treaclicry, 
 and if they failed there, were to go against the Inhal'i'.ants (m the Fron- 
 tier. One of them further says that before lie left the Dela wares Towns 
 he saw thirty small parties go out who were all intend to go to our Fron- 
 tiers. Tliey botli also say that the Ilurons at Sandusky laughed at Teata 
 behind his back and called him fool for I elieving what Sir William said 
 and bringing such a message. That tho he said they should be friends, 
 it can never be unlill all the Knglisli, except Trader;;. •;o from this Place, 
 meaning Detroit, and then we believe we shall agree. That tlieir (.Jod 
 tells them they must make War, & no Peace for ten years, at the end of 
 which by tiie force of treachery during that time all the English will be 
 drove away & then they will have lVa»»" & not till then. That the Dela- 
 wares and Shawnees and Ilinonn of I^idhIiikIci/ all say Hie Knglisli are 
 fools, that they can make friends with us when they jdease and Toma- 
 hawk us the next day. That tiie English always t(tld them they had as 
 many men as there were leaves on the trees; l»ut we look upon one Indian 
 as good as a thousand of them, and notwithstanding we are but mice in 
 eomT-arisou to them, we will kick as much as they can. The two 
 84 
 
 
666 
 
 THE GLADWIN MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 Tf 
 
 Mohawks further saj' that tho Hurons at Sandusky told them they were 
 very sorry that Sir William Johnson was coniinf^ here, as they imagined 
 by that, he wanted to have his Bones here. They also say that, while they 
 were at the Shawan 'y Village, the French from the Mississippi sent 
 Ihem a Present of Powder, of which they saw three Barrels. That the 
 Onondagoes whom Sir William S(nt against the Shawanies came to one 
 of tiiese Villages, where they were asked what they came for; tliey said 
 we come to scalp you; Then one Kaiiou!fhshoiito)u/ said, here, take these, 
 giving them two old scalps, that he had newly painted, go home and tell 
 Sir William you have scalped two Shawanese; upon which they returned, 
 that the above mentioned Indian was the cause of their not striking 
 against the Shawanese. But it was not so with the Tuscororsco for they 
 lost tliree men. Mr. St. . lartin, Interpreter, told Col. Gladwin several 
 Times, that the Hurons of this Place, told him, that if Peace was made 
 with the Delawares, Shawanese and Hurons of Sandusky that it would 
 be neither good nor lasting. 
 
 I Henry Bostwick, Resident at the Fort of Michilimackinac tho 2d 
 June 1763, declare that I saw Mr. Sans Chagarine of the Fort of Michili- 
 mackinac standing at the Door of His House at the Time the Indians 
 were murdering the Soldiers, with the Door open, and I saw a soldier 
 running towards the House for Shelter and the Indians after him, but as 
 soon as he came near the Door, they shut it against him, which gave the 
 Indians time to strike him with his Hatchet; upon receiving the Blow he 
 foil forward with so much force against the Door that He broke it open. 
 I then went into my Garret and hid myself under some Baggs of Corn 
 and soon after my house was broke open and they began to plunder: I 
 saw the Pany slave, belongin to Arngott, the Smyth, plundering in the 
 Chamber with the Rest. After the affair was over I demanded Argott to 
 return me what his slave had plundered from Me; He told me what he 
 had got was safe, but he would not then return them. I also saw in my 
 garret th'^ son of Monsr Cardin, i.anied Hancc. taking the corn oni of my 
 Chamber into another adjoining his. When he came to the Corn that 
 covered me, i directed him io speak to the Indians to save my life, but he 
 called to one of them and made a motion with his mouth towards me. 
 On seeing myself in such an unliappy situation I went towards an Indian, 
 that I knew, and put myself in his hands, at the same time the other 
 Indians made a stroke at my head, with his Hatchet, which I fended off 
 with my arm, and the Indian, I s])oke to to protect me, saved me from all 
 other attempts. During the whole time the Frenchman came not to my 
 assistance. I was not in many of their Houses after, but in every one 
 where I irns, I saw eitlicr Goods or Peltry. I saw in the House of Forti. 
 the Interpreter, three Packs, which belonged to me, the first Day; tho 
 Day following I saw his Servants bringing into his House Corn, Poik and 
 
 L 
 
THE OLADWIN MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 667 
 
 otluT tliiu},'s wlikli I siii»poso(] came out of Uu; Kiii<^'s aloro, as it was at 
 that time opened. I likewise saw Powder broufjht in from the Maga- 
 zines. At Monsi- langjjids, Seiir, I saw one Paclv wliicli lu? would not 
 give me, for Fear of alfronling the Indians, who left it with Ilini. He 
 told me he had traded several of my Packs and would trade all that eame 
 in his w'»y, as it was no matter to him where (hey got tiiem. Aml)lin, 
 likewise told me, he had bouglit very cheap of the Indians some of my 
 stockings, and other Things. I l.dd Him I would be glad to give llim 
 what they cost hiu), if he would let me have them again, because I had 
 none to wear. He told Me he got them for His own Use and not to sell, 
 and that He wou'd wear fine stockings as well as 1, and I heard him say 
 that every person got something. 
 
 Swoni before me on the Holy Kvaugelist this VMh Day of Augt. 17(Jo, 
 at Montreal. 
 
 Daniel Disney, 
 
 Town Major. 
 
 I Edward Chim declare that en the 10th day of July, 17G3, Joseph 
 Tessuo a Person employ'd in the service of Howard, Chim & IJostwick, 
 came to me and demanded to be released from his service. We being 
 much in want of Assistance cou'd not comply with His Request, and He 
 went immediately and took away a pack of Peltry and never came near 
 us after. 
 
 Sworn before me on the Holy Evangelist this 13tb Day of Augt. 17(!:{ at 
 Montreal. 
 
 Daniel Disney, 
 
 Town Major. 
 
 I Ezekiel Solomon, Resident in the Fort of Michilimackinac at the 
 time it was surprized l>y the Savages, declare that on the 2d day of June 
 a Frenchman, Mens. Cote, entered my House several Times and earned 
 from thence several Parcels of Goods, my Property. And also an 
 Indian named Sanpear carried the Peltry from my House to the House 
 of Aimable Deniviere in whose Garret I was then concealed. I owed 
 Monsr Ariek a sum of money, but at the time He demanded it the pay- 
 ment was not become due, and I refused to pay Him till the Time I had 
 contracted for; but he told me if I did not pay it he would take it by 
 force: I told him, the Commanding Officer would prevent that, & he 
 replyed that the Commanding Oflicei' was nothing, and that he Himself 
 vt'as Commanding Officer. Sworn, &c., 14th Aug., 17G3, before me. 
 
 Danl Disney, 
 
 Town Major. 
 
 t.\\ 
 
 iV 
 
668 
 
 THE GLADWIN MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 U 
 
 I K/A'kii'l Soloinon, lli'sidont in Uic Fort of ]\Iicliiliinackiuac at the 
 limo it was surprized by tlio savages declare that on the second day of 
 •hine, 17(;;{, a Frenchman, Monsieur Cote, t ;tered uiy house several times 
 and carried from thence several parcels of Goods, my property. * 
 
 The Deposition of Clarrit, Koseboom, Tunis, Fischer, Cummin, Shields 
 and Wm. Bruce, Merch's from LaBay, as taken upon Oath In-fore a Court 
 of Eu(iuiry at the Detroit the 4tli day of July 17(;4. 
 
 Capt. Jan\es CJrant, '.'.Oth llvg., President. 
 
 Lieut, (ieorge McDouj-al, GO Kegt. Lieut. Kichard \\illiams, GOth liegt. 
 
 Members. 
 
 (Jarrit Koseboom declares that about the latter end of April, 17G3, he 
 was going from the Bay to the Soaks to look for his I'artnr Abrahh 
 Lancing who had been up there, being told that he was killed, that on his 
 way he met some Indians coming down with some Packs, which he knew 
 to be his, and which they said he might have for paying the carriage; 
 That both the French and Indians told him, Mr. Lancing and ids son 
 were killed by two Frenchmen, Tibot & Cardinal, both servts of Mr. 
 Lancing, who^ they had been told, upon the above Murder made their 
 escape to the Illinois; that on his return to the Bay he found Mr. Garrit 
 and the Garrison there, and came with tliem to Michilimackinac, leaving 
 his goods in possession of one Jordan, a Frenchman and an Inhabitant 
 at the Bay; that when he returned from Michilimackinac with the 
 Indians to La Bay, he found some of his goods taken away. Ue thinks 
 of his and Mr. Fisher's to the value of 20 pounds, wh. lie said was stolen 
 by the Indians, but Mr. Roseboom declares he saw his goods wore by 
 Jordan's Family afterwards. That the Indians had often told him that 
 the French at the Bay (in particular Goalie, the Interpreter, to ilr. 
 Garrit, and Langlad his Son in Law Sourini) had told than there was an 
 open war between the English and French; That the French would send 
 the Indians ammunition enough & if they went down amongst the Eng- 
 lish they would put poison in their Rum, which he was sure prevented 
 the Indians from coming down aiuch sooner, and declares from the treat- 
 ment lie and the rest of the English Traders received, and the lyes pro- 
 pogated by the French at LaBay, among the Indians, such as the English 
 being all killed, an open war with the Frenc)\, the French Fleets and 
 Armies being at Quebec and the Mississippi, he thinks these Inhabitants 
 were very bad subjects, except one Ducharm, a Montreal Merchant, who 
 had come there last Fall, and who treated him very well, and to his 
 knowledge had often endeavored to persuade the Indians, not to believe 
 all that was told them— that it was all a Lye. W Tuenis Fisher, being 
 in Compy with tlie aforesaid Deponant at La Bay, declares that the 
 Deposition above ^-onsists literally, with his knowledge, therefore con- 
 firms the Truth t' .reof; Mr. Cummin Shields declares that he, being at 
 
 
THE GLADWIN MANUSCRIPTS, 
 
 669 
 
 La JJay nil last winter, fi-o(]iiontly heard (understanding the Trench hin- 
 guage) the Lyes ])r(»i»(><;aled to disturb tlie Indians, as already deelared 
 by Kosebooni and Fisher, and further that he heard Y(»un}'- Lan}j;lad say 
 bel'ure him and l)e Chann. that there were lOOO Kuf-lisli killed at the 
 rorta}:;e of Niajiara, 501) Inhabitants on the baek Sottlenienls killed, and 
 that some (Joveruor, he does not remember who, had been so hard pushed 
 by the Kavaj^es that he had };ot shipijinj,' ready to carry him and his 
 People away, and abandon his province; that the Dauphin of Franco 
 belnji; displeased with the I'eace concluded by his Father, had arrived in 
 the Mississippi with a larfj;e Fleet, and that the Indians would be sup- 
 plied from that (luarter with all necessaries that they would want: All 
 this lie declared to have read in a news paper which came up to the 
 Priest. That a Frenchman named Knash Bray, who lived wit.. De 
 Charm told him, the I)ei)onant, that he beared Sourini say to DeCharm 
 he would give 20 packs if there never should another Englishman come 
 there. William Hruce declares tliat in the Spring lT(t;5 hearing Michili- 
 mackinac was taken, he came down from the Hay and left his goods in 
 the care of one LeDeuke, a Frenchman; that when he returned he found 
 they were all taken away. LeDeuke said by the Indians. That t,he 
 Indians who were with him at Michilimackinac asked the two chiefs who 
 were left there, how they could permit their young men to do this; that 
 they said that LeDeuke had rol>bed the goods himself and desired that 
 they (the Indians) shou'd take them as the English at Michilimackinac 
 were all killed, other Indians wou'd come and lake them, that it was well 
 they might have them; That he did not after find any of his Goods in 
 I'ossession of LeDeuke, but that he carried on a Trade with the Indians 
 all Winter, and to his knowledge he had no (Jooda before he the Depo- 
 nant, was pillaged, which the other opponents atlirm, nor any method, 
 which they could see, by which they might come at goods, except by pil- 
 laging; That in Septembr 1703, there was a letter sent up to LaBay from 
 the Priest at Michilimackinac by one Mastoc, that there had been 400 
 English and the General "\vho came with them killed at Detroit, this 
 letter was directed to old Langlad, who he, the Deponaut siiw read the 
 letter to the Indians. That about the latter end of Sept a Chief of the 
 Soaks had brought iiim up called Lewis Constance & at the Benards 
 Castle, i(n Indian, told him he was come from LaBay with u letter from 
 Gaolie, the Interpreter, to one LeBeace, telling him that there were 
 ollicers from France who had come with a large Fleet comnuinded by the 
 Dauphin, &c, and that the (Joveruor of (Quebec had olVered these officers 
 a Purse of Money for their News, that soon after the Fleet was seen, and 
 that Quebec and Montreal would soon be taken, being no more than 500 
 men in Each, which news immediately spread among the Indians, who 
 were there at the time in great numbers; that the Santows, Ottawas, 
 
 i I 
 
 III 
 
\r '. 
 
 670 
 
 THE GLADWIN MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 Pi 
 
 Ilt'iuii'ds and I'nonfs gavi' a Good Deal of Crt'dit to it having a few days 
 befo'.e received a IJelt from the Indians about Detroit to come to War 
 against the English but that the Soaks and tlie Folleasoines could not 
 believe it;Tliat at the ►-oaks Castle the Indians told him, the Deponaut, 
 the French there intended to kill him, on which Ihey called a council and 
 brought the French to it, and told them if they killed the Englishman 
 every Frenchman should die with Him, this had been told him by the 
 Indians to whom the French had discovered their intentions; the Names 
 of the French on the above Voyage uj) the Tovis (Constance were, Martoc, 
 Jordan & Sabeau, Rivier St. Pier, Mon. Fontasil, ITavness, Lafortain, the 
 tliree tlrst discovering all the niarivs of bad subjects and disaffection to 
 the English in their whole behaviour; That he hear'd St. Pier say that 
 if he had wrote such a letter as the Interpreter wrote to Sabeau, he 
 wo'd expect to be hanged if ever he went among the English; That St. 
 Tier, Rivier, and Fontasie did all tliey could to prevent the Indians from 
 believing the letter above, that in the opening the Mississippi River his 
 Chief asked the Deponant if these Lands did belong to the English; he 
 said they did, but LaBeau immediately contradicted him and said it was 
 a Lye, and that all was false that the English ollicers had told him, the 
 Chief, in saying it was Peace between the English & French. There was 
 no such thing, and repeated the contents of Goalie's Letter to the Indians. 
 That when they had come down the Mississippi River about ten days the 
 Indians told him that St. Pier and the other French there had sent a 
 Petition to the Commandant of the Illinois, the Contents of wh. he cou'd 
 not justly tell, but he was informed it began in acquainting them, they 
 iiad killed the English at Michilimackinac and had not forgot their old 
 Fathers, that one Bonfoi was bearer of said Petition, that he was happy 
 in being told on the return to the I'etitiou the Commdt had ordered them 
 to leave off, & not to kill any English, that in killing them they killed the 
 French, they being one people. That the Peuse, Reynards & Soaks wrote 
 down this Spring with the other Nations to Montreal for goods but were 
 prevented by one Le^'orn who came from the Illinois, and told them if 
 they went down the English would hang them, and cut off their heads; 
 That they had Plenty of Goods at the Illinois wh. he would bring them; 
 That he and other Frenchmen went off to Illinois for said Goods wh. 
 hindered said Indians from bringing down their Peltry. That Goalie 
 had told the Indians, that the Genl. had sd he cou'd hang Capt. Ethring- 
 ton if he had a mind, but he would send him to His Majesty, 
 
 James Grant, 
 George McDougal, 
 Eigh'd Williams. 
 
 ^^^.. 
 
THE GLADWIN MANUSCRD'TS. 
 
 671 
 
 COPY OF A SPEECH SENT BY THE SHAWANE8B, DATED LOWER 8HAWANY TOWN. 
 
 JUNE lil, 1781. 
 
 Friends and Brothers: 
 
 We the Shawanose never intend to be at Variance wtli our Brs the 
 English, Tliat It is altogether \r own Faults, formerly when a Number of 
 our Nations was going to War agt our Enemies the Catabas and was 
 oblig'd to travel through your Country, tlien you laid Violence on some 
 of our Warriors & killed them, brethren, you have this ^Var, asked for 
 a Peace, but don't blame us, but yourselves for our prosecuting the war 
 againfit you as we have done. 
 
 Brethren now be strong and let j-our hearts be good as ours the 
 Sliawanese are and let you and us unanimously to agree in Cultivating a 
 lasting Peace with each other, and in order to confirm that Friendship, 
 you must erect no more Forts on our Ground. Brs when ye went to take 
 Possession of Fort Detroit, we cautioned you against it; we told you the 
 Indians inhabiting Ihat part of the Country were not well, but ill dis- 
 posed tow'ards you, which you have since found to be true. Yr first work 
 when you arrived there was to build a Fort; this none of us liked, and 
 that was one Chief Keasou for our entering into a War against you, as 
 we had suilicient reason to think you intended taking our country from 
 Us. 
 
 Brothers, now be strong and let us think of making a firm and lasting 
 Peace with each other; We your Fri(Mids, the Shawauese, will help you 
 all in (1 power, the Delawares, Six Nations & Wyandotts will join us in 
 so goOi. u work. Brethren, we must again excuse ourselves for enter- 
 ing int^, this present War and look upon ourselves as blameless for it is 
 done. We, and the Delawares, Six Nations & W'yandotts ar(> heartily 
 sorry for it, and think it a Pity to prosecute it, any further, as we think 
 our Numbers full able to oi>pose tliose of the English: At ihe beginning 
 of the War We the Shaw;anese wei-e well disposed towards you, our 
 hearts were good and are so still, and hope our Brs the English are the 
 same. ^^ wth the Six Nations & Wyandotts have no bad tlioughts 
 within Us & seem well inclined to renew our au<'ient Friendship wth our 
 Brs the English. Last Summer we went wth tiie Delawares, Six Nations 
 & Wyandots to Fort I'itt, wth a full intent to accomodate Matters, but 
 as we approached tliat Ciarrison We were fired upon wth their Cannon, 
 \vh obliged us to retire without talking to our Brs, and our Foolish Young 
 ^len remained there to fight against the Fort. Brs We have collected 
 now everything we have to inform you of at ihis Time. When our Friend 
 Mr. Smallman was given to us by anotlier Nation, we thougiit then he 
 might be a useful person when we should come on Speaking t'.'rms, to 
 
672 
 
 THE GLADWIN MANbSCRIPTS. 
 
 transart HiisincsR lu-lwccn Us; we are now Bonding him to perform tliat 
 Duty with a proper interpreter & a Copy of tlie Letter & malce no doubt 
 if our Brothers \\ill again take Us into Favour but they will not detain 
 him. 
 
 SPEECH OF THE 81X NATIONS. JUNE 24, 176J. 
 
 Wo having lliis day met in Connoil & having wciglied talked Matters 
 over,e<»iu'lnde we are not in tlie fault for entering into aWar agtYou ; but 
 that you are entirely to blame. We told you. our Brs, when you went to 
 take Posts on the Lake, that it was a dangerous undertaking, which you 
 have since experienced & found to be true. We know very well you blame 
 us for wt is past,but if you consider things rightly&do us justice youmust 
 needs think the Fault lies among yourselves; the Indians inhabiting all 
 this large country were greatly dissatislied, having repeatedly told Sr 
 Wm. Johnson 1o withdraw his men and demolish the fortifications, 
 erected on our (J round. When wo saw all other Nations rising to defend 
 thomsolves and their Country, We thonght it exi)edient and our interest 
 to join them, of which you had timely notice. When you saw this, that 
 yr Brethren the Six Nations had taken up Arms against yon. then you 
 solicited for a Peace, wh. Sr. Wm. Johnson has been successful in obtain- 
 ing, now that we see yon inclinable to a Peace wth us as Yr Brethren, 
 the Six Nations gives us groat Pleasure as we find ourselves well dis- 
 l)Osed to enter into our former Love & Friendship wth you. You told us 
 to be strong, & that you would be in good understanding with us, wh 
 pleases much all the neighboring Nations of Indians this Way, you have 
 told us to be strong & the Peace lasting; & if the Shawanese & Delawares 
 wd accept of the same they slid have it. They now agree to it and hope 
 'tis good on your parts as 'tis on Theirs, & within their Hearts that the 
 Brethren, the English, have no mind any to deceive them. Therefore 
 Brethren be ye strong also and let this Peace be a desirable one. Shoiild 
 you first violate it there is a Good and a .... bear Witness to it 
 & punish you should you prove faithless. We do not, Brs, only talk for 
 ourselves, but also for the Shawanese and Delawares & Wyandots, wlio 
 think as We do, tliat you should do this in yr Hearts, as they & We will 
 observe on our Parts: the I'eace that shall now bo made shall never be 
 broken on either side, then let us both Parties be strong and think of 
 nothing but what is good. 
 
 Brothers, think maturely upon this; do not imagine that what is inti- 
 mated comes from the mouth only. Tis with all Truth & Sincerity from 
 the Heart; besid(>s, we speak for all Indians in this Counlry, & are taking 
 great pains lo communicate this Good Work to all the Western Nations. 
 
 W^ 
 
THE g; vdvvin manuscripts. 
 
 673 
 
 AMHERST TO GLADWIN. 
 
 NeiD York, 21st March, 1762. 
 Sir: Your letter of the 24tb and 25tb February, Containing Some fur- 
 tlier Discoveries You liad made concerning the Indian plot, came to my 
 hands last Night. 
 
 You will see by mine of the 17th instant, in Answer to yours of the 4th 
 ultimo, that I could not give credit to the Indian's intelligence; and I 
 85 
 
 MONCKTON TO GLADWIN. 
 
 , Fort Pitt, July 26, 1760. 
 
 Sir: This will be delivered you by Colonel IJouquct^^Who has the com 
 mand of a detachment, consisting of 400 men of the Ist IJatn R. A. H., 
 under Majr Walters, for the relief of Niagra, and of 100 Virginians to 
 take Tost at l*res(iue Isle. 
 
 By a copy of Genl. Amherst's letter to you, I find, sir, that immediately 
 upon the arrival of the Americans at l'res<iuv- Isle, you are to embark and 
 transport them across tlie Lake. But as I have not as yet been able to 
 get up any of the Pensilvaniae I'rovincials, in time to marcli with this 
 detachment; (though I expect some in this day) and the 100 Virginians 
 may not be sufficient to keep that Post, till the arrival of the Pensil- 
 vanians, (which I am hopeful will be at Presque Isle in two days after 
 this detachment as I sliall send them ol! immediately) I should be glad, 
 if it would be of no detriment to the service, that 150 or less, of the 
 Americi ns, or of your own detachment, might be left — I think for two 
 days almost— till the arrival of the reinforcement. The more so as I 
 suppose they will be able to join you, before you can get your whale 
 boats back across the carrying place. This you will consult upon with 
 Colonel Bouquet, who is to fix that Post. Besides, sir, tlie bo-ts that 
 will take them after you, may be those you are directed to lea • uy the 
 tJenls instructions to you, for keeping up the communication between 
 Niagra and Presque Isle. 
 
 I should be glad, sir, of your remarks on the distance of your crossing 
 the Lake, of any harbours or creeks, you may have put into, and of the 
 shore; likewise of the situation of the ground where the French store 
 stood, below the Falls. 
 I am, 
 
 Sir, 
 
 Your most obedient 
 
 & Hum. Servt., 
 
 ROBT. MONOKTON". 
 
 Major Gladwin, of the 80th Regt. 
 
 iBi 
 
674 
 
 THE GLADWIN MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 must conft'HS I nm still of the same way of thinki'^jf, and iiqagine the 
 whole will appear to have aiiseu from Some Drunkenness among them- 
 selves. 
 
 I However apitrove of your usinp all the means in Your power to Come 
 at the Truth of this AlTair; and of Your Keimrting everything you learn 
 to Governor (Jage, w ho, I am persuaded, will be able to Discover if there 
 is any foundation for the accusation of the People of Montreal. 
 I am, 
 
 Sir, 
 
 Your most obedient servant, 
 
 Jeff. Amherst. 
 
 ?..( 
 
 '. 'or Gladwin; or officer Commandg at Fort Wm. Augustus. 
 
 AMHERST TO GLADWIN. 
 
 ji. 
 
 ^^x 
 
 r From the oriHioal warrant, now in poaseesion of Rev. Henry Qladwya Jebb, of Firbeok Hall, Rother- 
 
 ham, England.) 
 
 By His Excellency Sir Jeffery Amherst, Knight of the Honorable 
 Order of the Bath, Major General, and Commander in Chief of all His 
 Majesty's Forces in North America, &c., &c., &c., 
 
 To Major Henry Gladwin, Or Officer Commanding His Majesty's 
 Forces at the Detroit, & its Dependencies. 
 
 Whereas it has been Reported to me, that a Cruel & Inhuman MuMer 
 was lately committed on the Body of Mr. John Clapham, on the route 
 from the Detroit to rresqu' Isle, Supposed to be Done by Two Panis 
 Slaves, now in custody at your Post, and Assisted by some Indians; And 
 Whereas I Judge it absolutely Necessary that the Perpetrators, & Abet- 
 tors, of that Horrid Crime, should be Brought to Condign Punishment; 
 I Do, by Virtue of the Power and Authority to me given & granted by 
 His ftlajesty, Authorise & Require Y'ou to Collect as many of the OiBcers 
 belonging to His Majesty's Troops as you conveniently can, who are 
 Hereby Empowered to Hoar & Examine, by Oath, or Otherwise, «11 such 
 Evidences as can be found, for or against the Two Panis Slaves, Confined 
 for the ^Murder aforesaid, or any other Person, or Persons, whether 
 Indian, or White, that are anyway Suspected of having been concerned 
 in that Inhuman Act; And according to the Opinion given by the Major- 
 ity of the Court, after hearing the Information or Evidence, given for & 
 against the Prisoners, Y'ou will give immediate Directions, for putting 
 the Sentence, or Sentences, into Execution, Even if they should Extend 
 to Death, provided You think proper to -approve of the Same; And You 
 are furtlier Required to See that the said Sentence, or Sentences, are 
 Executed in the most Exemplary & publick manner, that thereby Others 
 may be Deterred from Committing such Cruelties for the Future; And 
 
 ^i 
 
T 
 
 THE OLAinVIN MANl^SORH'TS. 
 
 (ITS 
 
 for Your so doiii},', lliis slinll be 1o V<»ii, and :iH PcrHoiis (Nniccnicd, a Siil" 
 ticifiit Warrant & Authority. 
 
 (iivL'U undrr my Hani &. Seal at Ilea ' <',arf('rM, in New Yorl;, this 
 15th Day of Scploniber, 17(52. 
 
 By Hie Excellency's Command, 
 
 AiiTium Maib. 
 
 Tefp. Amhetirt. [seal.] 
 
 LETTEU FROM SIR JEFFEBY AMIIEUST TO THE HEORETARY AT WAR. 
 
 New York, 17 Sept., 1763. 
 
 Sir: As there 1 "e been two Deputy Adju'tants general serving here, 
 I have taken tlu iil y to show a mark of uiy entire satisfaction of 
 Major Gladwir gor onduct, and eonnnendable behaviour, in appoint- 
 ing him a D. . .•!.: Gei'eral; but to remain wiih llie troops at the Detroit 
 in the same ..a jUv as has been ordered: tliis is no more than a name, 
 but it shoull b< . . . gracious pleasure to approve it, and honor 
 Major UlaJ in with the rank of Lieut. Colonel, I am flrmly of opinion 
 that the pro /s on of so deserving au ollicer must at any time be a bene- 
 fit to his Majesty's service, and it is the sole view I have in mentioning 
 it to you. 
 
 I have the honor to be, with the most perfect regard. 
 
 Sir, 
 
 Ye • ' " . 
 
 Jeff: Amhebst. 
 
 Right Honorable McElHs. 
 
 And 
 
 GLADWIN TO AMHERST. 
 [ OrigiDal draft of letter in Oladwin's handwriting.] 
 
 f Detroit, November 1, 1763. 
 
 Sir: On the 12th Oct. the enemy sued for peace in a very submissive 
 uiauner. At that time I was so circumstanced for want of flour that I 
 must either pass or hear them. Of the two I chose the latter, thinking it 
 of the utmost consequence to keep jiossession of the country. Neverthe- 
 less, I nuide them no promises. I told them the affair of peace lay wholly 
 in your breast, but I did uot doubt when you was thoroughly convinced 
 of tlieir sincerity everything would be well again; upon which hostility 
 ceased and they disbursed to their hunting grounds. This gave me an 
 opportunity of getting flour from the country to serve from hand to 
 mouth. 
 

 iii _t t i -rfji »ri i 
 
 ' 
 
 I: 
 
 IT 
 
 ■,■" 
 
 J- 
 
 L 
 
 076 
 
 THE (JLADWIN MANUHCUIl'TS. 
 
 VcHfcrdiiy M(»iiHH'Ui' Dc Qiilinlic. n V(»lmit»'('i', nrHvcd willi (lispiift'licH 
 I'l'diii llic ('<»iiiiii;iiHljilit (if till' Illinois, collies ol' wliicli I oiicictHc to .voii. 
 Tlu' tenor of tliiit of rontliiie is sonietliin},' exliiioidiniiry. The Indiiins ;nc 
 lirepjirinjij for jieiice. I enclose you luy iinswer to their (leniands. 
 
 I believe iis lliinjis iiic circnnistiinced it would l)e for llie f^ood of Ills 
 .Majesty's seiviints to acconiniodiite matters in Sprinjj 15y that time tin- 
 sava|,'es will be Hnllicieiitly reduced for want of powdei, and I do not 
 imagine' tliere will be amy danger of their breaking out apain, provided 
 sonu' examples are made of Iheir },'ood subjecth, the French, who set them 
 on. No ndvautafjes can be gained by prosetulinR the war, owing to the 
 diniculty <•!' catching Ihem. Add to this the exjiense of such a war, 
 which if continued the entire ruin of our pidtry trade must follow, and 
 the loss of n i»rodig\ious consumjjtion of our mercluindise. It will be the 
 nu-ans of their retiring, which will reinforce other nations on tlie Missis- 
 sippi, whom they will pusli against us, and make them our enemies for- 
 ever. Consequently they will render it exticmely difticult, if net Impos- 
 sible, for us to pass that count I'y. And especijilly the French liave pi'o- 
 mised to supply them with everything fliey want. 
 
 They have lost between eighty and ninety of their best warriors, but if 
 your Kxcelleucy still intends to punish them further for tlieir barbarities, 
 it uuiy be easily done, without any expense to the Crown, by ])erniitting 
 a free sale of rum, which will destroy them iiutre elTectually than lire and 
 sword, but on the contrary, if you intend to accomodate matterhf in 
 S])ring, w hich I lu»i)e you will for the above reasons, it may be necessary 
 to send up Sir William Johnson. 
 
 1 shall write your Excellency fully concerning everything in this 
 d('i>artment by Lieutenant Montressor. This conu-s by Aren, a Mohawk, 
 whom I shall direct to wait at Fort Pitt for your answer. 
 
 This moment I received a nu'ssage from Fondiac, telling me that he 
 siiould send to all the nations concerned in tlie war to bury Ihe hatchet, 
 and he liopes your Excellency will forget what is passed. If not, I believe 
 he will retire to the Mississijtpi. 
 
 In a few days I shall send a dujilicate of this by Andrew, a faithful 
 Huron. lie has a great deal to say witli the Delawares. lie will try to 
 make nuittei's easy that way. I shall direct him to assure them of a 
 ])eace provided they renuiin quiet during the winter, which may perhaps 
 ease our frontiers of those villains, and in S])ring your Excellency can do 
 as you i)lease with them. 
 
 No news of the troojts no • of the vessel which sailed from hence the 7th 
 of last ^lonth. If the troo^)S do not come very soon they will scarcely 
 have time to return to Xiagai'a, but I hope they win come time enough 
 to desti-oy that nest of tliirv<'s at Sandusky. \Vlien things are accoiMino- 
 dated, if your excellency aillows an exclusive trade for a year or two to 
 

 ^t2<ro!^/'^ 
 
 
 II 
 
 j'i 
 
 l> 
 
r 
 
 I'l 
 I 
 
 ii 
 
 I'i 
 
TIIK (M.ADWIN MANrrSCHII'TS. 
 
 fW 
 
 (hf iiH rcliiiiilH wlin li;i\(' siill'iitti sn iiiiirli liy llii.M iiiihii |i|i.v jill'iiir. Ilicy 
 will III- :iiii|il,v piiiil I'lii' llii'if liisH. 
 
 I liiiNc Ihc liiiiiiir In iir. Willi llif iiliiinsi ichimtI, Sir, 
 
 ^'^lll^ IIIIihI <llh(!!('ll(, llllllllllc SrIVlllll, 
 
 Kliilni'fi'd : 
 
 Tod • icial Aiiili-i>l, Ni.voiiiIh'i- I, 17(VI, 
 
 CO!-. OLAIiWIN TO OKN, (1\(1E. 
 I Crtmi (Jiailwln'i draft (T thn lottar, written at HtabblDK, Kiitdanil, I 
 
 Fchruarti, L'l, 1774. 
 
 hiiii' Sir: Voiir iikihI ul)li;;iii;r Iciln- ol' llu- Dili iiisliinf did not coiiit' (o 
 
 liiiiid nil lw(» diiys iiyo. 'I'll • fdvcr \v;is vcr.v diilv iiiid wor t, IIicit 
 
 foic I cniiciiidc Ihiil fillii'i vi,. !• scivjiiit or iiiiiic l>_v iiiisliikc liiid kcpl il 
 ill Ills pdcKcl liirn week, F wrolc In Mc.vrick .vcnlt'i'diiy to send mv down 
 ;i Iclh'f of Jilloi-ticy, and dcsirt-d liiiii tli;il if lie riicl with iiny dininiilics 
 loiipply loyoii.iiol douhliiif,' yoiir^oodoHiccH. I iiiii proix- lo tiiiink yoii for 
 your frii-ridly iind f,'<'<»l ndvlNc.and I bcf-in to think Ijiin iiHbiidii politi(i;iii 
 iisii coiii-lii'i'. To ;iivc yoii nil iiisljimc of Ihc fuiiiicr Jjill.T. When I wiis 
 pr.'scnicd to llu- kin;;- lo Ihiiiik iiiiii for tiir rniik lie ;;iivf iiii', I wiis nskrd 
 how lonjj I h.id been in lown. I replied, "liiree weekn." (;eor},'e Wert, 
 wlio stood Jit niy elbow, told iiie I slioiild liiive Hiiid just iii'rived, hiil iis I 
 went to Court only upon that oceiMion, jind thought it prohable tliiil I 
 should never ;;o there aoaiii. I conceived llicic was no liaiiii in speakjn;;- 
 Ihelriilh. 
 
 In regard to niy politics you find me jusi as I left yon in Anierica. 
 wliicli niay siillice to show you that I am not calculated to push myself in 
 the world. I'.esides I am now engaged in anolher scene, being very liajipy 
 in a good . , . wife and two little children, upon a small pah-riial 
 estate, and am fond of farming and rural amusements. As to company, 
 I keeji Init little, iiecause I cannot alTord to live in the stile of my neigh- 
 liours. Nevertheless I am happy conlent. From this ;iccount of myself, 
 I daresay you will not be surprised when i tell you thai F should prefer 
 a small sinecure governiiieni at liome to all future exi»ectations in the 
 army. I should be satislied willi anylhing that would lietter my income 
 Iwo or three iiundred a year. On llie oilier liand I do not suppose I 
 could get put in a lieulenanf colonel anywhere wilhoul purchasing, for 
 my friends are out of power, and I liiink likely lo conlinue so. With 
 such interest I shoi'ld :s!an',l but a poor cliance in being a candidate for a 
 I'cgt. and I have noi Mie way lo make rieuds in anolher (luarter to assist 
 me in so cai»ital a Miiiig, wiierefon' I sliall eiideavoi- to make myself as 
 comfortable as I can in my present 'iituatiou and not sore beyond my 
 reach. 
 
678 
 
 THE GLATVWIN MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 If anythiii!,' slioukl Oraw you into (hcso N(U'lh(M-n parts, I should bo 
 t'xti'oniely jjflad to see yoa here in my little way; if not I do not despair of 
 s(M'iii<;- and wiMtiii^ ii|miii you in l.oiitlon lii-fdrc you h'avc llie Kin^, il I 
 can get leave. 
 
 EndorBod : 
 
 To Oenernl Oaee, February 24, 1774. 
 
 WM. AMHERST TO COh. BOUQUET. 
 
 New York, June 14, 1762. 
 
 Sir: I enclose to you the orders given out here containing the Promo- 
 tions that have been made; I beg li'ave to congratulate you on seeing 
 your name amongst them. 
 I have the honor to be, 
 
 Sir, 
 Yr Most ol)edt humble Servt. 
 
 Wm. Amherst. 
 
 Col. Bouquet. 
 
 Endorsed: 
 
 (loll. Amh'irst, .Jqqo IHIi, 17t)!. Rioeiyel the 28th, Aaswd, 12th July. 
 I Canadian .Archivoe, Soriea 4, Vol. 4, page 137. J (Promotioae not enclosed. A. R.) 
 
 11 
 
 LETTER TO MAJOR GLADWIN. 
 
 Fort Pitt, the 28th Aiigi., 1763. 
 
 Dear Sir: I had last night the >ery great pleasure to receive your Let- 
 ter of the 28th July by your express Andrev/ who says he was detained 
 by sickness at Sandusky. Your Letters for the General are forwarded. 
 A Mohawk having reported to Sir Wm. Johnson tliat De Troite was 
 tak<'n, I could not help being uneasy tho Long acquainted with Indian 
 
 IJeS. 
 
 It was a great satisfaction to me to know from yourself that you have 
 been able to defend that post, with so few men against that multitude, 
 what was known below of your firm and prudent conduct from the begin- 
 ning of the Insurrection had obtained the General's approbation, and 
 does you the greatest honor. 
 
 Tlie lo^'S of all our Detach'd Tosts is no more than could be expected 
 from Iheir Defenceless state, Hut Capt. Campbell's Death allects me 
 sensibly. 
 
 I pity tlie unfortunate who remain Yet in the Power of the Barbarians, 
 as every step we take lo rescue them may and will probably hasten (heir 
 Death. 
 
 Your Express says that after he left the De Troite, two Wiandots told 
 him that the Detachment of ^00 men from Niagara had joyn'd you witli 
 
 ^' i 
 
 ■* —• 
 
THE GLADWIN MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 619 
 
 piovis's. This will fjivo yon some oiise till more eftVcluiil IJoinforce- 
 ments can be sent. 
 
 You know that you are to have the Command of all the Troops destin'd 
 for Do Tr oite and to retake possession of the Country now fallen Into the 
 hiinds of the Enemy. To that effect the Ccneral collects all the Troops 
 that can be spar'd at Niagara and Tresque Isle. 
 
 The remains of the 42nd and 77th were order'd (o Joyn you this way 
 when we had Intelligence that Venang had been surprised, Lieut. Cordon 
 aud all his unfortunate Garrison murdered. Lc Boeuf abandoned and 
 I'resque Isle surrender'd to my unspeakable astonishment, as I knew the 
 strength of that Block house whicu would have been relieved from 
 Niagara. 
 
 ********¥***■«*** 
 ****************** ***** 
 
 I am, Dear Sir, 
 
 Your most obedient and Humble Servant, 
 Major Gladwin. (Sic.) 
 
 Eadoised: 
 
 'Co Major Gladwin, ihih Angnst, 1763. 
 [Oanadian ArchiveB, Series A, Vol. 18-2, page 376.] 
 
 LETTEll FKOM DAVID FKANKS. 
 
 Pha., Octr. 15, 1763. 
 Sir: This day the post in & brot accot of the Packetts' arrival^ and 
 prints to l(!th August frin England & inclosi> you the papers, containing 
 the most materia'! news, there's reports in Town that Sr. Jeffery has 
 Leave to go home, & that a Conimissu for l>y Adjutant Cenerall is come 
 over for Major Gladwin and that iJOOO Troops are coming over. I have 
 not time to Ferutt out the Truth of these reports — nor is any Letters I 
 may have yett come to hand, by wch I might have any advice — No Let- 
 ters frm Sr. Jeffery to forwd upj) there 12 day's Post have advised him 
 of the reports of the communication to ye Post b-jing again infested with 
 Indians, if any hope ye number may be but few & hourly expect ye 
 Pleasure to hear from you, that you and your Garrison are all well. 
 
 * * * * 
 
 * * * * 
 
 * * 
 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 Yr. moat obeidt, hb. Servt. 
 
 Endorsed : 
 
 Mr. D. Pranks, l,5iti Ostober, 176;), Keceived ttie6th Novr. 
 [ Canadian Archives, Series A, Vol. 19-2, page 49.5. J 
 
 Davd. Fkanks. 
 
[f ''ipfmmimm*' 
 
 680 
 
 THE GLAD-WIN MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 
 ^■.- 
 
 ll 
 
 MAJOR GLADWIN TO OOL. BOUQUET. 
 
 Detroit, Now. 1, 17 63. 
 Dear Sii: I am 1o acknowlcdjio tho rocoipt of your two very kind loi- 
 ters of (lie L'Sth Aufrast & LM)tli Koptcnibor. I congraUilate yon on the 
 (Irubbiiiji you fiave tlie flo<;s w liich doe* you so niueh honor— and I doubt 
 not our frontier inhabitants have felt the pood effects of it, they never 
 will enter into such a war ajjain. with that eonfidence they engaged in 
 this, which I believe Ihey would not have undertaken, but for our good 
 subjects the French. 
 
 I have had no late accounts from below, the last I received from th<' 
 General is of the 2nd of July, in which I am ordered to establish the out- 
 posts immediately, at the time I received these orders, I knew it was 
 impossible to con\ply with any part of them, the event shows I was right 
 in my conjectures. I am heartily w^iried of my command and I have 
 signified the same to Colonel Amherst, 1 hope I shall be relieved soon, if 
 not, I intend to quit the service for I would not chuse to be any longer 
 exposed to the villany and treachery of the settlement and Indians. 
 
 I hope the General has countermanded his order about the reinforce- 
 ment you were to send me, because they can be of no use here this 
 advanced season— besides I don't see how they can leave rrescjue Isle if 
 they get thither, supposing that post was re-istablished which I believe 
 is not the case, owing to the loss of the sloop but if they should come 
 contrary to expectation, you may be assured Sir, I shall dispatch the 
 Koyal Americans immediately, perhaps I may have an opportunity of 
 sending them down, in lieu of other troops that are coming up. 
 
 I need not say any thing of our affairs here, as you must have heard 
 enough of it from other hands, but I send you my dispatch to the General 
 open for your perusal, pray let me know what passes in your Depart- 
 ment, I shall be happy to hear of your liealtli and welfare & believe me 
 
 to be, 
 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 Yours very sincerely, 
 
 Henhy Gladwin. 
 I desire to be remembered to the Gentlemen with you, seal my dis- 
 patches to the General and be kind enough to forward them the first 
 opportunity. 
 
 Endorsed: 
 
 Letter from Major (Jlaclwia to Coloael Ron.iaet, dato'l Detroit, Ist November, 1763. Received by 
 the Mohawk Aron the 29th at night. 
 I tJanadian Archives, Series A, Vol. 19-1;. page 520.] ^ 
 
 l 
 
1, J763. 
 ■ kind let- 
 on on the 
 id I (lonbt 
 bey never 
 ngaped in 
 ' our good 
 
 [ from the 
 }h the ont- 
 ew it was 
 was right 
 nd I have 
 ed soon, if 
 luy longer 
 lans. 
 
 reinforce- 
 here this 
 quo Isle if 
 li I believe 
 on Id come 
 spatch the 
 )rtunity of 
 
 lave heard 
 he General 
 ur Depart- 
 believe me 
 
 >LAU\V1.\. 
 
 Ml! my dis- 
 m the first 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 86 
 
 I. Received by 
 
 :) 
 
'^^ - >W if J WIi ■ ! ■■■ t WI * 
 
 I i 
 
1 N I) E X 
 
 ri 
 
 :j 
 
 Gladwin manuscriiiU: 
 
 Abbot, Lieutenant tl57 
 
 Abraham, Chapman, testifies U43 
 
 Albany 848 
 
 Amblln W 
 
 Amherst, Sir Jeffrey, afterwards Lcrii 
 Amherst, promotes Gladwin, 607; ex- 
 presses regret that Gladwin's appoint- 
 ment was not confirmed, and again 
 commissions him major, 607; removes 
 headquarters from Quebec to New 
 York, 618; fends Gladwin to Dttroit, 
 613; thinks i'.ilan conspiracy of little 
 moment, 613; his appreciation of Glad- 
 win, 609, 810; letters to Gladwin. BT3; his 
 warrant for the trial of Pawnee slaves, 
 671; letter to Secretary at War, 676; 
 letter from Gladwin to, 675; letter to 
 
 Bouquet 678 
 
 Anderson, Ensign Robert 639, 64', 650, 658 
 
 Ariek, M 667 
 
 Arngott, the smith j66 
 
 Baby 1*25 
 
 Bain, Lieutenant James . . n.'»l,^io2 
 
 Barnes, James 657 
 
 Barth (or Hart) Plero (or Pero) gunsmith 
 at Detroit, 640; eays Gladwin caused 
 the Indian war by his 111 treatment 
 648; 646; gives warning of Dalzell's at- 
 tack, 647, 648, 651 ; receives belt as cou>- 
 mander, 653; 657. 
 
 Bean Kf.J 
 
 Beauban (see Beaableu^ 
 
 Beaublen <!33 
 
 BeemSi James 06P ' 
 
 Beletre, French co'-'-nandanl at Detroit r.?;. 
 
 638, 644. M2 
 Bertdge, Rev. j, fatherln-law of 
 
 G?adwln 1 009 
 
 BlgJaw.chlef 665 
 
 Bloody Run, fltchtat 627 
 
 Bolton, Willi/ •■ soldier, testimony oi MS, 658 
 Bostwlck, He i' , testimony of, as to 
 
 MIchllimackiuac massacre 606 
 
 Boquet, Co' uel Henry, commandant at 
 Fort Pit ^1'. 6Vl; gossips with Cap- 
 tain Cani, ueli.613; letter to Gladwin, 
 678. 
 
 Boquet papers 606 
 
 Braddock, General Edward, defeat of .. 815 
 
 Braddock House, at Alexandria 617 
 
 Bradstreet, Colonel Jiihn, bIseMpedltlon, 
 630; his disgraceful peace repudiated 
 630. 
 
 Bruce, WllUam 868 
 
 Burton, C. M. ;'5, 816, note. 
 
 Cabbarcher.., ttf 
 
 Gladwin mannseripta— ConHnucd.' 
 
 Campbell, Captain Donald, goes with 
 Rogers to Detroit, 607; his i>opular:t.y, 
 612; a help to Gladwin, 614; learns of 
 Pontiac's plot, 617; smokes the neace 
 pipe with Pontlac, 619; invited to a 
 council, 6^1:625, 630, 641, 643; his cruel 
 death, 80I; marked to be saved, 657; 678. 
 
 Campeau 656,657,663 
 
 Campean, Batlst 640 
 
 Campeau. Chaitoc 667 
 
 Cardin 666 
 
 Cardinal 647. 6«i 
 
 Oa.-llBle, Fie<l 628 (note.) 
 
 Carver's 'Travels through North Amer- 
 ica," 616; his story of Pontiac's plot, 618. 
 
 Cass I^wis, accepts Carver's story 616 
 
 CastRcrew, Mr 836 
 
 Chain, Isadore. (See Chene.) 
 Chain, Miuy. (See Chene.) 
 
 Chavin «;l': 
 
 Chene, Edward t}07 
 
 Chene, Isadore 88ii 
 
 Chene, Miny, plunders a trader, 632; 634; 
 liiewenger for Pontlac, 637; 657, 658, 660, 'Wl 
 
 CluVit.e, Loulson 634, 6'j5 
 
 Chin. (See Chene. I 
 
 Chippewa message to the IlllnolH French 646 
 Christie, Ensign .lohn m,,, .>u9, 660, 662; 
 rei>i>. '.,s the taking; of Pre^que Isle, tiSb. 
 
 ClHyhanr, John, murder of 674 
 
 Olaivmolit 668, 8«3 
 
 Con,, Mr 635 
 
 Connor, James, soldier 649. «„(>, 65S 
 
 Cooper, Thomab, testimony of - 661 
 
 Cormick, Caesar, declaration to . 632 
 
 Cote, M 967,668 
 
 Crawford 634 
 
 "roghan, George, deputy to Sir William 
 
 fohnson 612 
 
 Cuillerle, French trader, council at the 
 house of, 6i,'l; Pontiac's flattery of, 632; 
 jibes at Pontlac, 63;?; 640, 641, 643, 666. 
 657. 
 Cuillerle, Mademoiselle, dances with Sir 
 William Johnson, 613; marries tlames 
 Stirling, 613; the possible Informant of 
 Pontiac's planf>, 615. 
 Currle. (See CulUerie.) 
 Cuyler, Lieutenant, brings aid from 
 
 Niagara 684, 637 
 
 Cuyless, Dr 640 
 
 Dab.ell, Capt. al le 10 Gen, Amherst, 
 arrives at Detroit, 836; desires to crush 
 Pontlac, 626; hlh threats. 626; romance 
 of, fi36 (note); his light at Bloody Run 
 and bis death, 627; 6*6. 647, my, his 
 defeat, 651. 
 
 I 
 
614 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 .1 
 
 I 
 
 Oladwtn maxmaexipU— Continued ; 
 
 Davero, "81r" Robert, explorcM Lake 
 Superior, 614; his family, 614; H42, 660, 
 663. 
 
 DavlBS. (See Davers.) 
 
 OeChann 
 
 DeLonar.ne, Interpreter 
 
 De Nej ^n 
 
 Denivlere, Armable 
 
 Denter, Loutfian, Interpreter 
 
 DeQaindre, Mr., cadet ordered to Detroit 
 with dispatches .66S; 
 
 Detroit, life at, 608; settlement at, 012; 
 the fort at, 613; strength of garrison at, 
 b%. 
 
 Devarette, James la 
 
 Devnlere, Batlst 842, 
 
 Dlrresseaux, M 
 
 Disney, Daniel, town major at Montreal 
 
 Domelte 
 
 Ducharme 668, 
 
 Dunoir 
 
 DuBsette, Cba leB, 649, 660; rHcelves bells 
 ae (M)mmanc er, 
 
 Edwards, iToha, soldier 
 
 Esperaioe, Madame, despoils au Knglish 
 trader , 
 
 EthcJngton, Capt. Oeorge, «24, 686; let- 
 ter from, to (Had win 631,639; 
 
 FartI, interpreter 631. 
 
 Fire-rafts 
 
 Fisher 668, 
 
 Fisher, Mannlnit' ■.cstimony of 
 
 Fl>!her, W. Tuenls 
 
 Fleming, Samson 
 
 Fontasie 
 
 Fort Charles, at the Illinois 
 
 Franks, David 
 
 French at Detroit, 613; Ipelined towards 
 the Indians, 630; promise to bring Cspt. 
 Campbell bHCl< to the Fart, 621; hope 
 for Englisii defeat, 622; uige Gladwin 
 to escapii, 623; messat^e to the Illinois 
 French, 645; furnish corn and horxes 
 to the Indians, 652; they plan to attack 
 the English in the Fort, AW; paint 
 themselves as Indians, 659 
 
 Far trade, the 612 
 
 Gabriel 647 
 
 Gage, General Thorn :i8, beginning of 
 Gladwin's acquaint ince with, 607; suc- 
 ceeds Amherst as C'immander-lnehlef, 
 61G. Jladwln's letter to, 610; 674. 
 
 Garnet. (See Jamet.) 
 
 Gaolle, interpreter 689,670 
 
 Gates, repudiates Bradstreet's peace 636 
 
 Gentlemen's Magazine, the, contains in- 
 formation concerning Gladwin; obit- 
 uary notice of Gladwin, 610. 
 
 George, soldier 648 
 
 Gladwin, Charles Uakene, of Belmont 
 andStnbbing Gil 
 
 Gladwin, Dorothy 606 
 
 Gladwin, Frances, wlf«Ci i<'rancls Glad- 
 win 611 I 
 
 649 
 664 
 667 
 640 
 
 676 
 
 655 
 648 
 662 
 667 
 640 
 669 
 663 
 
 ax\ 
 
 059 
 
 042 
 
 670 
 
 632 
 
 626 
 
 669 
 
 646 
 
 668 
 
 632 
 
 670 I 
 
 6.^4 I 
 
 I'Th 
 
 Gladwin manasoripta— OonMnucd; 
 
 Gladwin, Henry, one of the few great 
 Indian fighters, 606; lack of informa- 
 tion concerning, 606; his death and the 
 marriages of his daughters mentioned 
 in the Gentleman's Magazine, 606; 
 second son of the second Thomas 
 Gladwin; born in 1730; mentioned in 
 British Army Lists as Lieutenant of 
 48th Foot; In Col. Dunbur's regiment 
 in 1755; showed bravery at 1 raddock's 
 defeat, where he was wounded, 606; his 
 name misspelled in report of battle, 
 ti07; comes under the notice of Gen. 
 Gage, 607; sppoinled major by Am- 
 herst, 607; ordered to relieve Niagara, 
 607; makes chart of Lake Erie, (i07; 
 again commissioned major for the 
 campaign, 607; pralued to the Duke of 
 Richmond, 607; at Niagara, 608; his 
 commission, 608; arrives at Detroit, 
 608,613; Is taken ill, 608; 618; sails for 
 England; marries Frances, daughter 
 of llev.JoIin Beridge, 609; 617; declines 
 a majority in the Royal Americans; 
 returns to Detroit, 609; 014; a poor let- 
 ter writer, 609; is promoted, 609; in New 
 York ; returns to England ; settles down 
 as a country gentleman;obituary not ice 
 of; Irscription on his monument, 610; 
 error In date of his death ; his decend- 
 ents, 611: calls French and Indians 
 dogs, 014; 042; learns of Pontiac's plot, 
 615; crisis in his life, 617; refuses Pon- 
 tiac's offers, 619; suspicious of Indiati 
 promises, 081; writes Amherst that he 
 will hold out, 633 ; refuses to surrender, 
 625; has articles of peace read to the 
 French, 62.5; tries to dissuade Dalzell, 
 026; grants a truce to Puntiac, 029; 
 urges retaliation on the French, 629; 
 suggests that a free sale of rum would 
 destroy the Indians, 629; is commended 
 by Amherst, 629; promoted to be lien- 
 tenant colonel and colonel, 68G; returns 
 to England, 630; is presented to George 
 III., 030; courts of inquSry held by. 631; 
 062; 663; letter to Amherst, 675; letter to 
 Gage, 877; letter to Bonquet, 680. 
 Gladwin, Henry, eon of Gen. Gladwin.. 610 
 
 Gladwin, John 606 
 
 Gladwin, Lemuel 606 
 
 (ilad win, Mary 606,610,611 
 
 Gladwin, Mrs. Henry, her portrait 
 resembles pictures of Martha Wash- 
 ington, 609; her burial-place, 610. 
 Gladwin, the schooner, 623, 629; Indian 
 attack of, 627-8. 
 
 Gladwin, Thomas e;6 
 
 (iladwyn, Capt. Richard Henry Good- 
 win, furnishes genealogy of Gladwin 
 family, 606 (tpte); inherits from Rev. 
 Henry Johnson Goodwin, the Goodwin 
 estates, and takes the additional name 
 and aims of Gladwin, 611 ; sends photo- 
 graphs of Gen. and Mrs. Gladwin 611 
 
 '-'m&^ 
 
r 
 
 611 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 G86 
 
 (JladwlD mannaoripts— Continued.' 
 
 Godfrey, Jacque «38, 6:17, B67, tl58, 660, 6B1 
 
 Gordon, Lieutenant 679 
 
 Oorrell, Lieutenant 63tt 
 
 Qonin, M., learns from his wife of Iniilan 
 treachery, 615; warns Englisli not to 
 trust tlie Indians, 631. 
 
 Grant, Captuin James 627. 6J5, 
 
 649, 650, 66ii, 666, 657, 660, 663, 661), 668 
 
 Gross Polnte 646 
 
 Gruereme, Baptist «B6 
 
 Ualdimand papers, as sources oi infor- 
 mation 606 
 
 Haliburton, Sir Artliur 607 
 
 Uambacic 634 
 
 Hay, Lieutenant, scalps an Indian 625, 686, 
 
 652, 663 
 Holmes. Ensign, murder of ....624; 436. 637. 660 
 Hopkins, Captain Joseph. . .636, 837, 638, 639, 867 
 
 Howard.Chim & Bostwicli 667 
 
 Huron, schooner 637 
 
 Illinois nation wiped out 6.10 
 
 Indians, emissaries from the Six Nations 
 appear at Detroit, 613; learn of the 
 war between England and France. 614; 
 determine to wipe out the English at 
 Detroit, 620; Wyandottes promise 
 peace, 621 ; chiefs ask Gladwin for a 
 council, 621; scalp and mangle the 
 
 bodiesof the English 824 
 
 Isle au Cochon, 619; tradition aa to 6t9 
 
 Jadeau 662,683 
 
 Jadoc, Mr., declaraHon of 686, 667 
 
 Jamet, Lieutenant, murdered 624, 631 
 
 Jebb, Rev. Honry Gladwyn, interest in 
 Gladwin history, 606; sends the Glad- 
 win manuscripts to America, 606; de- 
 scendant of Dorothy Gladwin. 611; let- 
 ters from, 611. 
 Jenkins, Lieut. Edward, letters from.. 633, 834. 
 
 633 
 
 Johnson, Sir William, goes to Detroit, 
 
 608; has charge of Indian affairs, 613; 
 
 thinks Indian conspiracy universal, 
 
 613: his visit to Detroit a great social 
 
 event 61.3; 665, 666, 673, 676 
 
 Jordan 668 
 
 Kenbarger : 656 
 
 Keysof Fort 860 
 
 Knaggs 647, 848 
 
 liabadie, 632, 643; landlord 658 
 
 La Beace 669 
 
 La Bond 634 
 
 La Butte, Plero, interpreter, 617; testi- 
 mony as to proceediLf^s at Cuilllerie's 
 house, 643; tells Pontlac the story of 
 peace is false, 656. 
 
 LaClefl, French commissary 684 
 
 La January, Father, tells of the massa- 
 cre at Michilimackinac, 634. 
 
 La Jenness, Madame 643 
 
 Lancinir, Abraham 668 
 
 Landsdowne, Marquis of 607 
 
 Langlade, Charles, 626 and (note); 631, 633, 
 
 667, 668, 669. 
 La Polnte 634 
 
 Gladwin manuscripts— Citntdiued ; 
 
 liaTlard. P 840 
 
 Lawrence, Koburt, soldier, testimony of 661 
 Le Corn, HI. Luke, 647, U48; send.s beltti, 
 662. 
 
 Le Deuke 669 
 
 Le Grand, Mr 86C 
 
 Lesley. Mr 639 
 
 Leslie, Lieut 624,635,631.833 
 
 Ltisperance 663 
 
 LeViUe Beau.. 667 
 
 LeVorn 670 
 
 Lorrain 635 
 
 Lowdermllk's History of Cumberland.. 607 
 Ludlow, Col. William, obtains copies of 
 Gladwin papers from British War Of- 
 fice, 807 (note). 
 McConnie, John, soldier, testifles as to 
 
 duplicate keys to the fort 656, 668 
 
 McCoy, Capt. John, relates the capture 
 
 oftheMlamis fort 660 
 
 MacDonald, 616 (note) 840 
 
 HcDougall. Lieut. George, 615; goes with 
 Campbell to the Indian council, 631, 
 635; escapes to the fort, 6i!6; 638; relates 
 story of his and Capt. Campbell's con- 
 
 flnement 64l;68l, 668 
 
 McEllls, Rt. Hon 676 
 
 Mackinac (See Michilimackinac). 
 McMillan, James, Senator, requests 
 
 copies of Gladwin papers 607 
 
 Mahlgan, an Ottawa Indian, reveals 
 
 Pontlac's plot to Gladwin 618 
 
 Malr, Arthur 675 
 
 Malsonville 635 
 
 Maloshe, Francois, 840; trades with In- 
 dians against G lid win's orders 843 
 
 Massack, Mr 652, 663 
 
 Mayack 651 
 
 Mayerin, H., says the young Frenchmen 
 would assist Pontlac with arms as well 
 
 as spades 643 
 
 Meares, Thomas, soldier, taken prisoner 
 at Sandusky, sees Capt. Campbell 
 
 ki.'ed «l 
 
 Melociie, M 823,647 
 
 Meloshe, Batist 840 
 
 Meloshe, Mathias 661 
 
 Meloshes, assist the Indians 650 
 
 Meloss, Frank 649, 86« 
 
 Mlamis, The, slaughter at, 633; French 
 aid in Its destruction, 833 ; details of 
 the attack on, 637, 838; capture of, 857, 
 
 660; flies French colors 558 
 
 Michilimackinac, massacre 631 
 
 Michilimackinac, capitulation of Mon- 
 treal announced at, 807; massacre at.. 
 
 824, 633, 866 
 
 Mitchell 648 
 
 MoDckton, Colonel Robert, 807 ; letter to 
 
 Gladwin :.. 873 
 
 Montcalm, Marquisde 630 
 
 Montressor, Lieut 676 
 
 Moran, Edmund, letter from 635 
 
 Nevarre, refuses to assure Pontlac of 
 French sympathy 666 
 
If ' ■— 
 
 686 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 t i 
 
 t 
 1 
 
 "'Mr 
 
 Oladwln manuHcriptH— OuMt<MU«(i.' 
 
 Newburg, the Earl of, marries Dorothy 
 Gladwin, daughter of John Gladwin. DOS 
 
 New Orleans BM 
 
 New York to be Uken 880 
 
 Neyon», de (see VlUiere). 
 
 Niagara 617.620 
 
 Obaln, Sancho P..'. 640 
 
 Onlatlnon.dliturbancesat 634; 636 
 
 Packs, John, soldier 65:) 
 
 Parents Creek 827 
 
 Parkman, Francis, his "Conspiracy of 
 Pontlac," 606; mlBSpells Gladwin's 
 nnme,605; visit to, 606; his manuscripts 
 in the Mnssaohnsetts Historical Hool- 
 ety Library, 606; (109; clings to Carver's 
 story, 016; 680. 
 Paully, Bnslgn H., his statement as to 
 Sandusky, 628, 6;)6; adopted by an 
 Indian widow, but eHcapes OS); 661. 
 
 Panly, Christopher «80 
 
 Perry, Ensign 638,6.53 
 
 Pontlac, an Ottawa chief, his place In 
 history, 805; on Isle a la Peche. 619; re- 
 portsof, too highly colored, 619; his age 
 and power, 619; saves the French at 
 Detroit, 619; leads the Ottawas at Little 
 Meadows, 019; relates his dream to the 
 council, 619; assumes command at De- 
 troit, 619; Ills treachery discovered, 619; 
 begins the attack on Detroit, 819; 
 encamps above Detroit, 6^; dances the 
 war dance, 680; treachery towards 
 Capt. Campbell and Lieut. McDougall, 
 622; his character, 622; success of h's 
 plotting, 623 ; usee a French cLaIr as a 
 conveyance and issaes credit certifl- 
 cates, 63S; summons Gladwin to sur- 
 render, 626; his appeal to the French, 
 628, 644; answer of de Neyeon, 628-9; 
 Pontlac sues for peace, 629; failure of 
 his conspiracy, 629; his murder and 
 barlal, 630; 658; councils with the 
 French, 656; Pontlac at Fcrt Pitt, 662; 
 calls English liars, 663; commands 
 prisoners to be burned, 664. 
 
 Pontlac diary, the 616 
 
 Potle, Pere, Jesuit 856 
 
 Ponlett, Ensign 640 
 
 Predume 857 
 
 Pre'que Isle, destruction of 6.S7 
 
 Quebec to betaken 660 
 
 Rannoc 658,689 
 
 Reaume, Hyacinth 842 
 
 Reanme, Plero 642 
 
 Rentaigue 857 
 
 Rbenbeauz 661 
 
 Rivier 870 
 
 Robertson, Captain, murdered 818, 642 
 
 Boblnson 650,663 
 
 Rogers, Major Robert, ordered to Bllchi- 
 llmackloac, 607; at Bloody Run, 627; 
 president court of Inquiry, 6.52; allowed 
 to take possession of Detroit, 662. 
 
 Roseboom, Gairlt 668 
 
 Bum, absence o', makes for peace 813 
 
 Gladwin manuscripts— Continued: 
 
 Rutherford, Mr 689,640 
 
 Hagama 66» 
 
 St. Andrew 667 
 
 8t. Anbergo, Jacoe, helps to build Are 
 rafta, 660; 661: keeps Indians posted, 
 662. 
 
 8t. Bernard 657 
 
 8t. Uayler, on Lake Erie 661 
 
 Ht. Joseph, 612; capture, 624; disturb- 
 ances at, 884, 838; detailed account of 
 the capture of, 836. 
 
 St. Martin, interpreter 666 
 
 St. Obaigues, the, with the Campaus, the 
 
 prominent people of the town 886 
 
 St. Pier 607 
 
 Sandusky, capture of, 821; detailed 
 account of the capture of, 636. 
 
 Sanpear, Indian 667 
 
 Sans Chagarlne, refuses English his 
 
 house at Michlllmackinac 866 
 
 Sault Ste. Marie 612 
 
 Schlcott. Navarre 6.56,667 
 
 Schlosser, Ensign Joseph 1 830 
 
 Schlosser, Lieutenant, captured and ex- 
 changed 624; 633 
 
 Seger, John, 647, 848; taken prisoner at 
 Grand River, testlfles as to French 
 
 promises 652; 65:1 
 
 Severlngs, John, soldier, testimony of, 
 
 660; works on Are rafU 650; 662 
 
 Shawanese, letter from, on behalf of the 
 
 English 671 
 
 Shelbarger, soldier 839 
 
 Shields, Cummin " 868 
 
 Six Nations, speech of 672 
 
 Smallman U71 
 
 Solomon, Ezekiel, testifies as to French 
 
 thefts 607. 6«8 
 
 Spear, Joseph, letter to 636 
 
 Sterling, James, 613, 816: 616 (note) ; takes 
 
 service under Glad win 828; 632, 841 
 
 Stnbbing, near Chesterfield, Gladwin's 
 
 home 610 
 
 Teala, Huron chief 662 
 
 Teata, Wyandotte chief 665 
 
 Teller, Gerrit, trader 847, 648, 1149 
 
 Tessno, Joseph 667 
 
 Thompson, Sir Ralph 607 
 
 Tibot 868 
 
 TIconderoga 817 
 
 TIffoc 657 
 
 Tonnanceur, Madeline de, romance con- 
 cerning 626 
 
 Toronto 647,852 
 
 Tracy, a trader, murdered 624 
 
 Trueax, Andreas, testimony of 645,648 
 
 Trueaz, Isaac 648 
 
 Turnball 648 
 
 Uphaugb, R. D. de, correspondence 
 
 with 606 
 
 VlUiere, Peter Joseph Neyeon de, major 
 commandant of tbe French of the Illi- 
 nois 828; 663, 655 
 
 Wabacumaga, Indian chief, refuses to 
 fight tbe English 647,848 
 
 I 
 
INDEX. 
 
 im 
 
 681), S40 
 .. 6S0 
 .. 887 
 
 re 
 i, 
 
 .. 657 
 .. 661 
 
 ll- 
 
 .. oaa 
 
 le 
 
 .. 666 
 .. 607 
 Id 
 
 .. 667 
 
 666 
 618 
 8S7 
 636 
 
 633 
 
 B6» 
 
 im 
 
 671 
 639 
 668 
 678 
 U71 
 
 668 
 63fi 
 
 6il 
 
 610 
 668 
 665 
 1149 
 667 
 607 
 668 
 
 617 
 
 657 
 
 con- 
 
 828 
 
 ....647,662 
 
 624 
 
 646,848 
 
 648 
 
 648 
 
 lence 
 
 606 
 
 uajor 
 
 3 1111- 
 
 628;653, U56 
 tea to 
 ....647,848 
 
 Gladwin mannscrlpto— OmMnued ; 
 
 Waggeman f^< 869 
 
 Walters, Major, commandant at Niagara 
 
 606:609,680,873 
 
 Wapaumagen 868 
 
 Washington, George, In campaign with 
 
 Gladwin 607.617 
 
 Welch, John, taken prisoner by French- 
 men, 638; murdered, 638; 667, 860. 
 Wilkinson, an English trader, plans 
 mnrderof Pontiac 630 
 
 Gladwin manascrlpta— ConKnued; 
 
 Williams, Lieutenant Richard 839, 668 
 
 WIngerwort church,Gladwln monument 
 
 In 810 
 
 Winston, Richard, merchant at 8t. 
 
 .Ioseph'8, l«tter from, to Detroit mer- 
 
 chants 6.14 
 
 Wynyard, Gen. William, marries Jane 
 
 Gladwin 608 
 
I 
 
 I