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HISTORY i-^i 
 
 OF THB 
 
 UNITED STATES NAVAL ACADEMY, 
 
 WITH BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES, 
 
 AN3> THE NAMES OP ALL TIES 
 
 SUPERINTEimENTS, PROFESSORS AND GRADUATES, 
 
 TO WmOH 18 ADDED A KECORD OF SOME OP THE EA.EL1EST VOTES BY CONGRESS, OP 
 THANKS, MEDALS, AND SWOKDS TO NAVAL OFFICERS. 
 
 BY EDWARD CHAUXCEY IfARSHALL, A. M.,-^ 
 
 VOBMEKLY INSTRUCTOR IN CAPTAIW KINSLHy'S MILITARY SCHOOL AT WKSI POINT, ASSISTANT PBOFBSSOR 
 
 IN THK N. Y. UNIVERSITY, ETC. 
 
 " Flag of the seas I on ocean's wave 
 Thy stars shall glitter o'er the brave, 
 
 * * i^ * Ht * 
 
 Each dying wanderer of the sea 
 Shall look at once to heaven and thee. 
 And smile to see thy splendors fly 
 In triumph o'er his closing pye !" 
 J. Rodman 
 
 NEW YORK: 
 
 D. VAN JSrpSTRAND, 192 BROADWAY 
 
 1862. 
 
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1862, by 
 
 D. VAjST NOSTRAND, 
 
 In the Clerk's OfiBce of the District Court of the United States for the 
 Southern District of New York. 
 

 TO Tira 
 
 n, iihwn MtUts, 
 
 BY 
 WHOSE WISDOM, PATRIOTISM, AND FIRMNESS, 
 
 THE UNITED STATES NAVAL ACADEMY 
 
 HAS BEEN PRESERVED TO THE COUNTRY FROM 
 
 DANQEE8 WHICH IMPERILLED ITS EXISTENCE, 
 THE AUTHOR, VERY RESPECTFULLY, 
 
 iQttiUzUB iliz littlt Tolnrnt 
 
 OF ITS 
 
 HISTORY. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 The language of Horace, Vixere fortes ante Agamemnona 
 may be applied, justly, to the Naval Academy. 
 
 While we rejoice at the skill of our naval cadets, we must 
 not depreciate the merits of their seniors in the service. It 
 was the science already existing in the navy which created the 
 Academy, and the superior discipline and accurate firing of 
 the naval cadets, besides evincing the excellence of their at- 
 tainments, reflect additional glory upon the older oflScers. 
 By the older officers the Academy was organized, and has 
 been brought to its present condition of admirable efficiency 
 in imparting a scientific education to the eUves of the navy. 
 
 Full access to public documents has been had, considerable 
 assistance has been rendered, also, by naval officers and mid- 
 shipmen, in the preparation of this work, and, it is believed, 
 that the statements here made are reliable. 
 
 New York, March, 1862. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Alexander Hamilton's plan for a Military Academy. — A Naval 
 School recommended in 1814. — Successive recommendations and 
 discussions.— Failures 11 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 The School is founded by the Hon. George Bancroft. — His letter to 
 Commander Buchanan 19 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 History of Mr. Bancroft's efforts and success. — The School is opened. 
 — ^Its first Officers and text-books ^ — The Quarters at Fort Sev- 
 ern. — A Naval Ball 25 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 The first appropriations for the support of the school. — Commander 
 Upshur as Superintendent. — Revised regulations. — A practice 
 Ship. -^Commander Stribling as Superintendent. — The first cruise 
 of the Preble. — The four years' course. — The professors and offi- 
 cers 31 
 
8 CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 PAGB. 
 
 The cruises of 1852-3. — Commander G-oldsborough as Superin- 
 tendent. — The cruises of 1854-5-6. — Capt. George S. Blake as 
 Superintendent. — The Board of Examiners for 1857. — The cruise 
 of the Plymouth in 1858. — The frigate Constitution 35 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 The cruise of 1860. — Commander Craven's report 41 
 
 CHAPTER Vn. 
 
 Perilous times. — Secession. — The Massachusetts 8th. — Removal to 
 Newport, R. I. — Quarters of the officers and midshipmen 44 
 
 CHAPTER Vni. 
 
 The Buildings and grounds at AnnapoUs. — Fort Severn. — Laboratory 
 and Armory. — Quarters of the Midshipmen. — Recitation Hall.- 
 Mess Hall. — Library and Lyceum. — Trophies of Naval Yictories, 50 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 The Chapel. — The Observatory. — Midshipmen's Monument. — Hos- 
 pital. — Boat House. — Quarters of the officers and professors. — 
 Naval Monument. — Monument to Lieut. Herndon. — Old Iron Sides, 57 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 The Academic Staffi — Examinations. — Midshipmen on Furlough. — 
 Merit Roll. — Conduct Roll. — Punishments 63 
 
 CHAPTER XL 
 
 Daily division of time. — Section-formations. — Captains of Crews. — 
 The Mess Table.— Tattoo and Taps.—Balmy Sleep 68 
 
t 
 
 CONTENTS. 9 
 
 CHAPTER XII. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Routine on the Constitution. — Stowing Hammocks and Washing. — 
 Roll call, Inspection, Breakfast. — Study. — Parade.- — Tattoo. — 
 Etiquette 13 
 
 CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 Naval and military organization of the midshipmen. — ^Watchmen.— 
 Uniform. — Lawrence Literary Society. — Hops and Balls 82 
 
 CHAPTER XIV. 
 
 Sketches. — Captain Buchanan. — Commander Upshur. — Captain 
 Stribling 8*7 
 
 CHAPTER XV. 
 Captain Goldsborough. — Captain Blake 93 
 
 CHAPTER XVI. 
 
 Professor Chauvenet. — Brigadier-General Lockwood. — Professor 
 Coffin. — Professor Girault. — Professor Nourse. — Professor Hop- 
 kins. — Professor Winlock. — Professor Smith 99 
 
 CHAPTER XVII. 
 
 Captain Craven. — Officers at Port Royal. — Importance of naval and 
 military schools. — Opinion of "Washington. — "War with a European 
 power 104 
 
 CHAPTER XVIII. 
 
 The first two assistants at the Academy. — Lieut. Samuel Marcy. — 
 Captain James H. Ward.—" Flag of the Seas" 112 
 
10 CONTENTS. 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 PAOB. 
 
 L The Appointment of Candidates and their Qualifications. ... 131 
 
 II, Programme of Studies 135 
 
 TIT. Merit RoUs 13T 
 
 lY. Officers and Professors of the Academy from 1845 to the 
 
 present time 139 
 
 V. Graduates not of the Four Years' Course 141 
 
 YL Graduates who were in the Four Years' Course 144 
 
 YII. A list of the Officers to whom thanks, medals, and Swords 
 have been voted by Congress for our earlier naval victories 
 — Note by the author. — Commodore Chauncey. — Commo- 
 dore Paulding. — Prize-money to the victors 146 
 
HISTOEY OF THE NAVAL ACADEMY. 
 
 CHAPTEE I. 
 
 ALEXANDER HAMILTON'S PLAN FOR A MILITARY ACAD- 
 EMY.— A NAYAL SCHOOL RECOMMENDED IN 1814.— SUC- 
 CESSIYE RECOMMENDATIONS AND DISCUSSIONS.— FAIL- 
 URES. 
 
 The management of the naval affairs of tlie United 
 States was confided, first, by Congress, during the 
 revolution, to a Naval Committee, who were appointed 
 on the 11th of December, 1775. The administration 
 of this branch of the public service was vested in 
 Commissioners on the ninth day of June, 1779, and on 
 the twenty-eighth of October, in the same year, a Board 
 of Admiralty was established to superintend the naval 
 and marine affairs of the United States. Two years 
 later, also, a Secretary of Marine was appointed, who 
 executed all the duties of the Board of Admiralty."^ 
 
 After the adoption of the federal constitution, the 
 
 *Seybert's Statistical Annals, p. 637. 
 
12 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Department of "War was organized by act of Congress, 
 on the 7tli of August, 1789, which included, also, the 
 ' department of the navy, and these two departments 
 were united during a period of about nine years. 
 Henry Knox, Timothy Pickering and James McHenry 
 were the first Secretaries who were charged' with the 
 management of both military and naval affairs. The 
 ''act to establish an executive department to be de- 
 nominated the Department of the Navy" was passed 
 on the 30th of April, 1798. 
 
 The first official recommendation of a naval school 
 for the United States, was made by Alexander Ham- 
 ilton, the Inspector-General, then, of the army, in his 
 plan for a military academy which he submitted to 
 his former companion-in-arms in the revolution, James 
 McHenry, the Secretary of War, and to General Wash- 
 ington, who was in retirement at Mount Vernon. It 
 is an interesting fact, to record, also, that the last letter 
 upon public questions ever written by General Wash- 
 ington, of which we have any knowledge, was his reply 
 to Hamilton approving of this plan. Two days after 
 writing this letter, George Washington died. 
 
 Hamilton's plan for the military academy was sub- 
 mitted to Congress on the fourteenth day of January, 
 1800, by the Secretary of War, with the approval of 
 the President, John Adams ; the organization recom- 
 
NAVAL ACADEMY. 13 
 
 mended was as follows, viz.: ''This academy shall 
 consist of fonr schools, one to be called the Funda- 
 mental School, another the School of Engineers and 
 Artillerists, another the School of Cavalry and In- 
 fantry, and a fourth the School of the K'avy." By the 
 act which was passed on the sixteenth day of March, 
 1802, fixing the military peace establishment, the 
 academy was organized, to be located at West Point, 
 but the only schools founded were the fundamental 
 school, and the school of the engineers and artillerists ; 
 no provision was made for the school of the navy. 
 From an examination of General Hamilton's plan it is 
 evident that the idea which prevailed, at that early 
 period, of the united administration of naval and mili- 
 tary affairs in one department, produced, also, quite 
 naturally, the proposed combination of a naval with a 
 military school. 
 
 In March, 1808, General Jonathan Williams, of the 
 Engineers, the Superintendent of the Military Academy, 
 from its organization, recommended in a report upon 
 the subject of an enlargement of the Academy, that 
 nautical astronomy, geograpl:iy, and navigation should 
 be taught by the Professor of Mathematics at West 
 Point, and that it would be well " to make the plan of 
 the Academy iipon such a scale as not only to take in 
 tlie minor officers of the navy, but also any youths 
 
14 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 from any of tlie states, wlio miglit wish for such an 
 education, whether designated for the army or navy, 
 or neither, and to let these be assessed to the value of 
 their education.""^ These recommendations were sub- 
 mitted to Congress by the President, Thomas Jefferson, 
 with his approval, and on the twenty-eighth of March 
 in that year, a bill was reported in the Senate, provid- 
 ing for the removal of the Military Academy to the 
 city of Washington, for its reorganization and for in- 
 structing in the institution, midshi23men of the navy. 
 The bill was, however, postponed, and its further con- 
 sideration was not again resumed.f 
 
 By the " act to increase the navy of the United 
 States," w^hich was passed on the second day of Jan- 
 uary, 1813, the employment of naval schoolmasters was 
 authorized. This act was one of the measures of the 
 war of 1812, and a careful attention was given, at this 
 time, to strengthening both the army and the navy, 
 and to the scientific education of officers. The Military 
 Academy at West Point was reorganized upon its 
 present basis in 1812. At this early period also, many 
 of the cadets of the Military Academy were commis- 
 sioned as midshipmen in the navy. 
 
 Probably the first official recommendation of the 
 
 * Am. State Papers, vol. XII., p. 229. 
 
 t Reports H. of Rep., 1836-7, vol. IL, No. 303, p. 10. 
 
NAVAL ACADEMY. 15 
 
 separate organization of a United States l^aval Acad- 
 emy, was made by the Hon. William Jones, of Penn- 
 sylvania, the Secretary of the Is^avy under President 
 Madison, in a commnnication to the Senate, in Novem- 
 ber, 1814 ; he says, "I would respectfully suggest the 
 expediency of providing by law for the establishment 
 of a naval academy with suitable professors, for the 
 instruction of the officers of the navy in those branches 
 of the mathematics, and experimental ])hilosophy, and 
 in the science and practice of gunnery, theory of naval 
 architecture, and art of mechanical drawing, which are 
 necessary to the accomplishment of the naval officer." 
 A naval academy was again recommended by the Hon. 
 Smith Thompson, of New York, the Secretary of the 
 Navy under President Monroe. 
 
 Tlie establishment of such a school was urged upon 
 Congress a third time, with great eloquence and ability, 
 by the Hon. Samuel L. Southard, of New Jersey, the 
 Secretary of the Navy, in his report of December Ist, 
 1824, and one year later, in his "opinion as to such 
 alterations as are necessary in the present organization 
 of the navy," which was given in obedience to a reso- 
 lution of the Senate. He says in this document, '' The 
 younger officers are taken from the poor who have not 
 the means of a good education as well as the rich who 
 have. They enter, from the nature of their duties, at 
 
16 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 SO early an age, that tliey cannot be accomplished, nor 
 even moderately accurate scholars. They are con- 
 stantly employed on shipboard, or in onr navy -yards, 
 v/here much advancement in learning cannot be ex- 
 pected. The better instructed and more intelligent an 
 oificer is, the more skilfully and precisely, and, of 
 course, the more economically, will he perform the 
 duties assigned to him. * Ignorance is always, skill is 
 never, prodigal. The navy is also the bearer of our 
 honor and our fame to every foreio^n shore. The Amer- 
 ican naval officer is, in fact, the representative of his 
 country in every port to which he goes, and by him is 
 that country in a greater or less degree estimated." 
 Mr. Southard proposed, as a location for the school. 
 Governor's Island, in the harbor of Xew York, and 
 asked an appropriation of $10,000, that it might be put 
 into operation without delay. 
 
 The subject occupied, during that session, much of 
 the attention of Congress, but no bill was passed au- 
 thorizing the establishment of a naval school. In tlie 
 following year, the President, John Quincy Adams, 
 recommended the proposition of Mr. Southard to Con- 
 gress, and he repeated the recommendation in 1827. 
 The measure was fully discussed, at this time, in the 
 national legislature ; it was advocated ably in the 
 Senate by Mr. Hayne, of South Carolina, and Gcner^il 
 
KAVAL ACADEMY. 17 
 
 W"m. H. Harrison, of Ohio ; nevertlieless, tlie bill did 
 not become a law. 
 
 The Hon. A. P. Upshur, Secretary of the Navy, 
 again urged the subject upon the attention of Congress 
 in 1841, and a bill providing for the establishment of a 
 naval school at or near Fortress Monroe, Virginia, was 
 passed in the Senate, but was not acted upon in the 
 House, for want of time. In his Report for 1842, Mr. 
 Upshur says, ''Through a long course of years, the 
 midshipmen were left to educate themselves and one 
 another. Suitable teachers are now provided for them, 
 but their schools are kept in the midst of a thousand 
 interruptions and impediments, which render the whole 
 system of little or no value.""^ 
 
 ■ Mr. Bayard,t in a report of a committee which 
 was made in the Senate, three years later, described 
 the evils of the old svstem, and advocated the measure 
 with the following language : " Under the existing laws 
 appointments of midshipmen are made by the Secretary 
 of the Navy, and are the result, for the most part, of 
 personal or political influence. Instances have occurred 
 in which boys who have been thought by their ac- 
 quaintances to be good for nothing else, have yet been 
 
 * There were similar recommendations bj the Hon. J. K. Paulding, 
 and other Secretaries of the Navy. 
 
 f The Hon. Richard H. Bayard, Senator from Delaware, afterward 
 appointed Minister to Belgium, 
 
18 HISTOET OF THE 
 
 thouglit good enough for a service which, in its perils 
 and its responsibilities, requires high qualities of 
 physical^ and intellectual vigor, as well as moral worth. 
 His scientific instruction commences at sea, or in a 
 foreign port, amidst the noise and distraction of a 
 crowded ship, and the interruptions of the various calls 
 of duty. Having been five years in the service, three 
 of which must have been passed in active duty at sea, 
 and having attained the age of twenty years, the mid- 
 shipman may be examined for promotion. To prepare 
 for this examination, he spends a few months at the 
 naval asylum in Philadelphia, where a school has been 
 established for that purpose. This meagre course of 
 instruction furnishes the sum of his attainments. Such 
 are the provisions for the training of this important 
 branch of ofiicers." 
 
 Failure, however, seems to have been the fate of 
 every eff'ort to secure the passage, directly, of an act 
 establishing the naval school. 
 
NAVAL ACADEMY. 19 
 
 CHAPTEE II. 
 
 THE SCHOOL IS FOUNDED BY THE HON. GEORGE BAN- 
 CROFT.— HIS LETTER TO COMMANDER BUCHANAN. 
 
 It was reserved, finally, for the Hon. George Ban- 
 croft, the Secretary of the Navy, to devise in 1845, an 
 economical and successful scheme for the organization 
 of the desired institution. He had discovered that he 
 was already clothed with the power of establishing 
 such a school without a special enactment, and having 
 made the selection of Commander Franklin Buchanan, 
 a native of Maryland, as the first Superintendent, he 
 addressed to him the following official communica- 
 tion: 
 
 " Naty Department, August 1th, 1845. 
 " Sir :^ 
 
 "The Secretary of War, with the assent of the Presi- 
 dent, is prepared to transfer Fort Severn to the Navy 
 Department, for the purpose of establishing there a 
 school for midshipmen. 
 
 " In carrying this design into effect, it is my desire to 
 
 * Senate Documents, vol. I., 1845-46. 
 
20 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 avoid all unnecessary expense — to create no places of 
 easy service — no commands that are not strictly neces- 
 sary — to incur no charge that may demand new an- 
 nual appropriations ; but, by a more wise application 
 of moneys already appropriated, and officers already 
 authorized to provide for the better education of the 
 young officers of the navy. It is my design not to 
 create new officers, but, by economy of administra- 
 tion, to give vigor of action to those which at present 
 are available; not to invoke new legislation, but to 
 execute more effectually existing laws. Placed by 
 their profession in connection with the world, visiting 
 in their career of service every climate and every lead- 
 ing people, the officers of the American navy, if they 
 gain but opportunity for scientific instruction, may 
 make themselves as distinguished for culture as tliey 
 have been for gallant conduct. 
 
 " To this end it is proposed to collect the midship- 
 men who from time to time are on shore, and give 
 them occupation during their stay on land in the study 
 of mathematics, nautical astronomy, theory of morals, 
 international law, gunnery, use of steam, the Spanish 
 and the French languages, and other branches essential, 
 in the present day, to the accomplishment of a naval 
 officer. 
 
 "The effect of such an employment of the midship- 
 
NAVAL ACADEMY. 21 
 
 men, cannot but be favorable to them and to the ser- 
 vice. At present they are left, when waiting orders 
 on shore, masters of their own motions, without steady 
 occupation, young, and exulting in the relief from the 
 restraint of discipline on shipboard. 
 
 " In collecting them at Annapolis for purposes of 
 instruction, you will begin with the principle that a 
 warrant in the navy, far from being an excuse for 
 licentious freedom, is to be held a pledge for subordi- 
 nation, industry, and regularity, — for sobriety, and as- 
 siduous attention to duty. Far from consenting that 
 the tone of the discipline and morality, should be 
 less than at the universities or colleges of our country, 
 the President expects such supervision and manage- 
 ment as shall make of them an exemplary body, of 
 which the country may be proud. 
 
 " To this end you have all the powers for discipline 
 conferred by the laws of the United States, and the 
 certainty that the department will recommend no one 
 for promotion, who is proved unworthy of it from idle- 
 ness or ill conduct or continuing ignorance, and who 
 cannot bear the test of a rigid examination. 
 
 " For the purpose of instruction, the department can 
 select from among twenty-two professors and three 
 teachers of languages. Tliis force, which is now al- 
 most wasted by the manner in which it is applied, may 
 
22 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 be concentrated in such a manner as to produce the 
 most satisfactory results. Besides, the list of chap- 
 lains is so great that they cannot all be employed at 
 sea, and the range of selection of teachers may be en- 
 larged by taking from their number some who would 
 prefer giving instruction at the school to servmg afloat. 
 The object of the department being to make the sim- 
 plest and most eiFective arrangement for a school, you 
 will be the higliest officer in the establishment, and 
 will be intrusted w^ith its government. It is my wish, 
 if it be possible, to send no other naval officer to the 
 school, except such as may be able and willing to give 
 instruction. Among the officers junior to yourself, 
 there are many whose acquisitions and tastes may lead 
 them to desire such situations. For this end the de- 
 partment would cheerfully detach three or four of the 
 lieutenants and passed midshipmen, who, while they 
 would give instruction, would be ready to aid you in 
 afiairs of discipline and government. Thus the means 
 for a good naval school are abundant, though tliey 
 have not yet been collected together and applied. 
 
 " One great difficulty remains to be considered. At 
 our colleges and at West Point, young men are trained 
 in a series of consecutive years ; the laws of the United 
 States do not sanction a preliminary school for the 
 navy ; they only provide for the instruction of officers 
 
NAVAL ACADEMY. 23 
 
 who already are in the navy. Tlie pupils of the naval 
 school being, therefore, otiicers in the public service, 
 will be liable at all times to be called from their 
 studies, and sent on public duty. Midshipmen, too, 
 on tlieir return from tlje sea, at whatever season of the 
 year, will be sent to the school. Under these circum- 
 stances, you will be obliged to arrange your classes in 
 such a manner as will leave opportunity for those who 
 arrive, to be attached to classes suited to the stage of 
 their progress in their studies. It will be difScult to 
 arrano^e a svstem of studies which will meet this emer- 
 gency ; but with the fixed resolve which you will 
 bring to the work, and with perseverance, you will 
 succeed. 
 
 '' Having thus expressed to you some general views, 
 I leave you, with such assistance as you may require, 
 to prepare and lay before this department for its appro- 
 bation a plan for the organization of the naval school 
 at Fort Severn, Annapolis. 
 
 "Tlie posts to which you and those associated with 
 you will be called are intended to be posts of labor ; 
 but they will also be posts of the highest usefulness 
 and consideration. To vourself, to whose diliirence and 
 care the organization of the school is intrusted, will 
 belong in a good degree the responsibility of a wise 
 arrangement. Do not be discouraged by the many 
 
24 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 inconveniences and diflBculties whicli you \yill certainly 
 encounter, and rely implicitly on this department as 
 disposed to second and sustain you, under the law, in 
 every effort to improve the character of the younger 
 branch of the service. 
 
 " I am respectfully, your obedient servant, 
 
 " GEOEGE BANCEOFT. 
 
 "Com'r Franexin Buchanan, 
 
 United States Navy, "WashingtoiL" 
 
NAVAL ACADEMY. 25 
 
 CHAPTEE III. 
 
 HISTORY OF MR. BANCROFT'S EFFORTS AND SUCCESS.— 
 THE SCHOOL IS OPENED.— ITS FIRST OFFICERS AND TEXT- 
 BOOKS,— THE QUARTERS AT FORT SEVERN.— A NAVAL 
 BALL. 
 
 It is but justice to Mr. Bancroft to mention here, that 
 this plan for the organization of the Kaval School ^vas 
 his own original conception ; his alone, and it was, in 
 every particular, carried out by him. Desiring, if 
 possible, to establish the school, he studied, unaided, 
 himself, and for this purpose, the laws relating to the 
 navy, and finding that his plan did not conflict Tvith 
 existing acts of Congress, he then searched for a suit- 
 able site for the school, among the forts which were 
 alreadv established alons* our seaboard. Fort Severn 
 appeared to be the most desirable location, and he so- 
 licited from the Hon. Wm. L. Marcy, the Secretary of 
 war, a transfer of this fort from the W^ar Department to 
 the Xavy Department, which request was cheerfully 
 complied with. General Scott was also consulted, and 
 
 it was his opinion that Fort Severn was no longer of 
 2 
 
26 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 importance, as a fortified place ; the plan, therefore, of 
 establishing there a naval school received his hearty 
 approval. 
 
 Without any special appropriation, without any vio- 
 lation of the law, and making use only of such moneys 
 as were already provided for the salaries of the pro- 
 fessors employed in the navy, Mr. Bancroft succeeded, 
 during the recess of Congress, in organizing the school 
 and setting it in motion, and he presented it to Con- 
 gress, at the next session, as a thing done and in full 
 operation. The reasons which were especially assigned, 
 at this time, for establishing the school, were, — first, to 
 give greater concentration to the services of the excel- 
 lent professors of the navy, and, secondly, to guard the 
 morals of the young midshipmen, who were exposed, 
 while on shore, to numerous temptations. To accom- 
 plish the latter the more effectually, it was made a 
 rule of the department, by order of Mr. Bancroft, that 
 midshipmen who were not at sea, must be either in 
 attendance at the school, or at their homes, under pa- 
 rental care. Economy in expenditures for the school 
 received, also, great attention, and it was for this end 
 that the superinteridency was confided, from the first, 
 to an officer of a younger grade, a commander being 
 selected for the position ; and the instructors aj^pointed 
 were known to be men of industry and good scholar- 
 
NAVAL ACADEMY. 27 
 
 ship. The policy thus inaugurated, from the begin- 
 ning, for administering the affairs of the naval school 
 was to endeavor to secure, for the moneys expended, 
 the greatest possible returns. 
 
 The school was duly organized at Fort Severn, An- 
 napolis, a situation both healthy and secluded, yet 
 easy of access, the grounds were extensive enough ; 
 and the buildings, with some slight alterations and im- 
 provements, were made in all respects suitable. The 
 location was admirably adapted in other respects, for 
 the purposes of such an institution ; it is at the mouth 
 of the Severn river, a beautiful tributarv to the noble 
 Chesapeake, and commands a view of the commerce of 
 Baltimore which passes this point, also of a roadstead 
 much frequented in heavy weather by vessels of all 
 classes, and the young officers were afforded here am- 
 ple opportunity to acquire nautical skill, and to apply 
 their professional attainments practically, by being 
 from time to time '' afloat.''"^ 
 
 The institution was formally opened on Friday, 
 the 10th of October, 1815. At eleven o'clock, a. m., 
 the officers, professors, and midshipmen assembled in 
 one of the recitation rooms, and were impressively 
 and feelingly addressed by the Superintendent, Com- 
 mander Buchanan, who also read and illustrated with 
 
 * Niles' Register, vol. LXIX. 
 
28 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 proper remarks, the rules and regulations lie had 
 prescribed for the government of the school. He con- 
 cluded the ceremony by reading a letter from the Sec- 
 retary of the Navy, disclosing his views and purposes 
 in regard to the conduct and organization of the 
 school. About forty midshipmen had already reported 
 themselves, and a writer of that day informs us that 
 their handsome appearance and gentlemanly deport- 
 ment gave a cheerful aspect to the streets of the quiet 
 city of Annapolis, and elicited universal admiration. 
 
 In January following, there were reported con- 
 nected with the school as officers of instruction and 
 government, besides Commander Buchanan, Lieutenant 
 James H. Ward in the department of gunnery and 
 steam ; Surgeon J. L. Lockwood in the department of 
 chemistry ; Chaplain George Jones in the English de- 
 partment ; Prof. 'William Chauvenet in the depart- 
 ment of mathematics; Prof. Henry H. Lockwood in 
 the department of natural philosophy, and Prof. Girault 
 in the department of French.* Passed Midshi;gman 
 Samuel Marcy was an assistant and instructor in the 
 use of astronomical instruments. Lieutenant Ward and 
 Mr. Marcy also aided the Superintendent in the mili- 
 tary duties of the establishment. There were then 
 assembled at the school as students, thirty-six midship- 
 
 * Niles' Register, vol. LXIX., p. 351. 
 
NAVAL ACADEMY. 29 
 
 men of tlie date 1840, wlio were preparing for exam- 
 ination ; thirteen of the date 1841, who were to remain 
 pursuing studies and attending lectures until drafted 
 for service at sea, and seven acting midshipmen, ap- 
 pointments of that year. By regulation these last 
 were to remain at the school one year ; at the expira- 
 tion of it to undergo an examination, and if found to 
 have made satisfactory proficiency, to be ordered to 
 sea ; at the end of a probationary term there, they 
 were to receive, as was previously the regulation, a 
 warrant, and after three years' service they were to 
 return, and spend another year at the school, prepara- 
 tory to examination for promotion. 
 
 The text-books adopted for use in the school at this 
 time, were, in mathematics, Davies' Arithmetic, for 
 the junior class; Bourdon's Algebra, Legendre's Geom- 
 etry, Pierce's Trigonometry or Maury's Navigation 
 and Bowditch's Navigator ; in natural philosophy, 
 Peschell's Elements of Physics ; in French, Girault's 
 French Guide, Girault's Colloquial Exercises, Picot's 
 Narrations, Meadow's French Dictionary ; in gunnery, 
 Ward's Treatise ; and in chemistry, Fowne's Chem- 
 istry. 
 
 It was found that the houses which were occupied 
 formerly by the commandant and subalterns of the 
 post, afforded ample accommodations for the Superin- 
 
30 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 tendent, and most of the other officers of the institu- 
 tion. The midshipmen also were made very comforta- 
 ble in wooden buildings, which had been in use already 
 for various purposes at the post. Two large barrack- 
 rooms served well for recitation halls, and the two 
 rooms below of equal size, were used for the kitchen 
 and the mess-hall. The expenditures for the school at 
 this time, were certainly quite moderate ; nevertheless 
 they were sufficient for all its reasonable necessities. 
 
 A Xaval Ball which was given by the midshipmen, 
 on the evening of Thursday, the fifteenth day of Jan- 
 nary, was numerously attended by ladies and gentle- 
 men from various parts of the Union. 
 
NAVAL ACADEMY. 31 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 THE FIRST APPROPRIATIONS EOR THE SUPPORT OF THE 
 SCHOOL.— COMMANDER UPSHUR AS SUPERINTENDENT.— 
 REVISED REOULATIONS.-A PRACTICE-SHIP.-COMMANDER 
 STRIBLING- AS SUPERINTENDENT.— THE FIRST CRUISE OF 
 THE PREBLE.— THE FOUR YEARS' COURSE.— THE PROFES- 
 SORS AND OFFICERS. 
 
 Permission was granted by Congress, on the tenth 
 of August, 1846, to expend " an amount not exceed- 
 ing $28,200 under the direction of the Secretary of 
 the Navy for repairs, improvements, and instruction 
 at Fort Severn, Annapolis, Md.," and this modest pro-^ 
 vision for the wants of the school, was found sufficient 
 at that time for its economical support. An amount 
 similar to the abov^e was appropriated again in 1847, 
 for repairs, improvements, and instruction, and for the 
 purchase of land not exceeding twelve acres, for the 
 use of the Naval School. Commander George P. 
 Upshur, a native of Virginia, succeeded Commander 
 Buchanan, also, in 1847, as the Superintendent. The 
 administration of the affairs of the school, in its in- 
 fancy by the latter, is described as judicious, and the 
 
32 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 institution gave promise of considerable usefulness to 
 the service. In December, 1817, Secretary Mason re- 
 ported that there were ninety midshipmen in attend- 
 ance, prosecuting their studies under great advantages. 
 He recommended a practice-ship for the school, and that 
 certain flags and other naval trophies should be trans- 
 ferred from Washington to the institution, that their 
 presence might assist in exciting in the minds of youth- 
 ful midshipmen a laudable ambition, and the desire to 
 distinguish themselves in the service of their country. 
 But there were found to be still some defects in the 
 organization of the school. The course of study thus 
 far, had been for a midshipman,* '^ two years at the 
 school, then three at sea and two years again at the 
 school," but it was now, after some experience, deemed 
 expedient to adopt the plan which prevails in most 
 institutions, of a four years' course of study without 
 going to sea, excepting three months spent in tlie sum- 
 mer on a cruise. Accordingly, in October, 1849, a 
 board of officers was directed to reorganize the school, 
 conforming its organization as nearly as the two 
 branches of the service would permit to that of the 
 
 * Report of the Secretary of the Navy, the Hon. W. A. Graham, in 
 November, 1851. The above periods of study differ somewhat from 
 those given by Senator Bayard, and again in Niles* Register. See 
 pages 17 and 29 above. It is probable that both of these statements are 
 correct, and that in a few years after its organization, the term of study 
 at the school was enlarged. 
 
NAVAL ACADEMY. 33 
 
 Military Academy at West Point. The hope was enter- 
 tained that the discipline, instruction and management 
 of the school would be greatly benefited by the change. 
 
 The new system and regulations having been fully 
 matured, it was ordered that they take effect on the 
 first of July, 1850. Tlie corps of professors was also 
 enlarged, and a practice-ship, the Preble, a sloop of 
 war of the third class, was attached to the Academy 
 in order that instruction in seamanship might be given 
 on a cruise in the summer months, a method analogous 
 to that of the encampment of the cadets of the Military 
 Academy at West Point. Henceforth the school is 
 styled in the reports of the Secretary of the Navy and 
 in the acts of Congress, the Naval Academy. 
 
 The new academic term commenced on the first of 
 October, 1850, under Commander C. K. Stribling, as 
 Superintendent. The pay of the Superintendent was 
 now fixed by Congress at the same rate as that allowed 
 to an ofiicer of his rank when in service at sea. A 
 Board of Examiners was also appointed to visit the 
 Academy annually, and report upon its condition. 
 The first cruise of the pupils was made in the summer 
 following, under the Commandant of Midshipmen, 
 Lieutenant Thomas T. Craven. They embarked in the 
 Preble, after the examination in June, and sailed as 
 far as our northernmost boundary, then returning, they 
 
34 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 touched at the principal ports of the United States, 
 between Portland and Virginia, and reached Annapolis 
 again in the latter part of September. 
 
 The first class of acting midshipmen, under the four 
 years' course, entered the Academy in October, 1851. 
 The professors and higher officers for the academic 
 year following, were Commander C. K. Stribling, 
 Superintendent, Lieutenant Thomas T. Craven, Com- 
 mandant of Midshipmen, D. S. Green, Surgeon, H. H. 
 Lockwood, Professor of Gunnery and Infantry Tactics, 
 William Chauvenet, Professor of Mathematics, W. F. 
 Hopkins, Professor of Natural and Experimental Phi- 
 losophy, A. N. Girault, Professor of French, Joseph 
 E. Nourse, Professor of Ethics, Edward Seager, In- 
 structor in Drawing and the Art of Defence, Samuel 
 Marcy, Master, George Jones, Chaplain. There were 
 also four passed midshipmen, acting as assistants, and 
 three assistant professors. There were eighty-four 
 students, of whom nine were midshipmen, and seventy- 
 five were acting midshipmen. Tlie Academy was now 
 in the full tide of successful operation. The appropria- 
 tions made by Congress were, henceforth, liberal, and 
 the various edifices which had begun to take the place 
 of the old barracks, together with the well laid out 
 grounds, were a conspicuous ornament to the banks of 
 tlie Severn. 
 
NAVAL ACADEMY. 35 
 
 CHAPTEE V. 
 
 THE CRUISES OF 1852-3.— COMMANDER GOLDSBOROUGH AS 
 SUPERINTENDENT..— THE CRUISES OF 1854-5-6.— CAPTAIN 
 GEORGE S. BLAKE, AS SUPERINTENDENT.— THE BOARD 
 OF EXAMINERS FOR 1857.— THE CRUISE OF THE PLYM- 
 OUTH IN 1858.— THE FRIGATE CONSTITUTION. 
 
 In the summer of 1852, the acting midshipman em- 
 barked on the 14th of June, on board the Preble, under 
 -command again of Lieutenant Craven, and visited the 
 port of Orta on the island of Fayal, Funchal of Madeira, 
 Santa Cruz, and Palma of the Canaries, and the island 
 of St. Thomas, West Indies. The cruise of 1853 was 
 nearly the same, they visited the island of Fayal, 
 Corunna, on the north coast of Spain and Funchal. 
 At Corunna they were received with the greatest po- 
 liteness by the Governor-General of the province and 
 the civil and military authorities of the town. They 
 visited, also, the great naval arsenal at Ferrol, which 
 Is remarkable for its age, and is one of the most exten- 
 sive in the world. They reached Hampton Eoads on 
 the 14th of September. 
 
36 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 In 1853, Captain Stribling was relieved, as the 
 Superintendent of the Academy. The Secretary of the 
 Navy reports that he had discharged the duties of his 
 office, during a term of three years, with diligence and 
 marked ability. Commander Goldsborough, an accom- 
 plished officer, who had recently returned from the 
 Mediterranean Squadron was appointed his successor. 
 The number of midshipmen and acting midshipmen 
 who were attached to the Academy as students was 
 one hundred and sixteen. 
 
 In 1854, there were one hundred and sixty students 
 at the Academy. The first class under the new organ- 
 ization of a four years' course, graduated in June of 
 this year. Tlie usual summer cruise was made with 
 the second and fourth classes, on board the Preble, to 
 the ports of Plymouth, Cherbourg, and Brest. Their 
 visits at these ports are described as very interesting 
 and instructive. They were politely received by the 
 various officers and dignitaries of the stations, and 
 every facility was extended to them for examining the 
 dock-yards, machine-shops, and ships. At Brest thiey 
 visited the school-ship La Borda^ on which students 
 were instructed for the naval service. Here were two 
 frigates also, whereon some two or three hundred boys 
 were practised daily in seamanship. In 1855, the 
 cruise in the Preble, under command of Lieutenant J. 
 
NAVAL ACADEMY. 37 
 
 F. Green, to Eastport, the Bay of Fundy and Boston, 
 was a stormy one. 
 
 In 1856, the Board of Examiners report that the sea- 
 wall along the banks of the Severn, designed for the 
 protection of the grounds and buildings, had been fin- 
 ished. A new light field battery had also been fur- 
 nished the Academy. In the summer of this year, the 
 annual cruise was made to Boston, Portland and New- 
 port, on board the Plymouth, a sloop of war of the first 
 class. 
 
 Captain George S. Blake succeeded Captain Golds- 
 borough as the Superintendent, in 1857. There Vv^ere 
 now attached to the Academy for instruction, one hun- 
 dred and seventy-six acting midshipmen ; at the close 
 of the last academic year fifteen had graduated, and 
 eighty-nine had been since admitted. Tlie Board of 
 Examiners, in their report for 1857, commend the 
 discipline and police regulations of the Academy, the 
 performances of the students in field artillery and in- 
 fantry tactics, and their exercises with the great guns 
 in battery, and in shell and shot practice at the target. 
 They were also pleased with the admirable acquire- 
 ments of the graduating class, and the successful man- 
 agement of the Academy, which can no longer be 
 regarded, they remark, as an experiment. 
 
 In 1858, thero were one hundred and eighty-nine 
 
38 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 acting midsliipmen in the Academy. The annual cruise 
 was made to Cherbourg, Cadiz, and Madeira. The 
 weather was boisterous. In the following year, the 
 Secretary of the IsTavy reports that there were most 
 gratifying evidences of the proficiency of the pupils. 
 The cruise was made on board the Plymouth with one 
 hundred and seven acting midshipmen. They visited 
 Plymouth, England, Brest, France, and Funchal, on 
 the island of Madeira. The young gentlemen were 
 divided into two watches, while at sea, from 8 a. m. to 
 8 p. M. one watch, and from 8 p. m. to 8 a. m. half a 
 watch, in their turns, were on deck. They were divided, 
 also, into six gun-crews ; from these crews four were 
 stationed at the guns, and the remaining two were dis- 
 tributed in the master's and powder divisions. Imme- 
 diately after morning inspection at quarters, the watch 
 on deck was exercised aloft, for one hour and a half, 
 at reefing, furling and unbending sails, sending up and 
 down yards, making and taking in sail, &c., &c. 
 
 After these exercises, from 10.30 to 11.30 and from 
 1 to 3.30 p. M., they were employed in knitting, spli- 
 cing, strapping blocks and fitting rigging generally. 
 The watches below, from 2 to 2.30, studied navigation, 
 and at 4 p. m. there was a divisional or general exercise 
 at quarters. Parties of the first class navigated the ship 
 in turn. Nearly all the steering was by the acting mid- 
 
NATAL ACADEMY. 39 
 
 shipmen. The ship's position was ascertained by obser- 
 vations made by the first class, and these were so accu- 
 rate, that when the last course bore upon Cape Henry 
 light upon the chart, the light was discovered exactly 
 ahead of the vessel. Commander Craven says — " In 
 all my experience, I have never made or known a more 
 perfect land-fall." 
 
 During this year, the measure was adopted, of placing 
 the fourth class, for quarters, on board the sloop of war 
 Plymouth, and the frigate Constitution was afterwards 
 anchored in the harbor of Annapolis, and was substi- 
 tuted for the Plymouth. " The historic recollections 
 associated with the Constitution, must, undoubtedly, 
 exercise a salutary influence on the minds of the pu- 
 pils," remarks the Secretary of the ITavy. All of the 
 fourth class w^ere accommodated on board, with study 
 and recitation rooms, and the oflicers and acting mid- 
 shipmen, and the crew of the ship, with sleeping and 
 mess apartments. The examination of the summer 
 of 1860, was again a most gratifying exhibition of the 
 academic acquirements of the various classes. The 
 twenty-five graduates had laid the ground-work of pro- 
 fessional educations which gave promise of great use- 
 fulness to the countrj^ The exercises of the infantry 
 and light artillery drills, of the great guns in battery, 
 the boat-gun, and the broad and small swords were 
 
40 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 liio:lily creditable. Much attention had boon criven, 
 also, to drawing and dranghting. Tlie discipline and 
 police of the institution were excellent. The Board of 
 Visitors *' desire to record their high appreciation of 
 the services of the Superintendent and his subordinates. 
 Tlie institution has prospered in their hands, and prom- 
 ises to the navy a high standard of general and pro- 
 fessional knowledge/' 
 
NAVAL ACADEMY. 4:1 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 THE CRUISE OF I860.— COMMANDER CRAVEN'S REPORT. 
 
 The cruise of the summer of 1860 is the last which 
 the pupils of the Naval Academy have enjoyed. The 
 terrible scourge secession was destined to visit, in 
 the following year, the quiet shades of the Academy, 
 and drive her rudely to wander afar from her classic 
 halls. The following account of this cruise on board 
 the sloop-of-war Plymouth is abridged somewhat, from 
 Commander T. T. Craven's report to the Secretary of 
 the Navy : " On the 27th of June, I put to sea, and 
 proceeded first to the Azores, and arrived at the island 
 of Fayal on the 17th of July. On the next day, in 
 the evening, we sailed for Cadiz and liad the mortifica- 
 tion of being — as we had been a year previously — put 
 in quarantine. On the next day I got under way, and 
 being compelled by a strong "levanter" which was 
 then blowing, to abandon our contemplated visit to 
 Gibraltar, proceeded to Madeira, and anchored off 
 Funchal on the 3d of Augusit; remained there three 
 days, and left for Santa Cruz, in the island of Teneriile, 
 
42 HISTOKY OF THE 
 
 wliere we arrived early on the mornino: of the 10th of 
 August. In the evening of the same day we took our 
 departure for the Chesapeake, and on the 3d of this 
 montli (September) anchored in Hampton Roads. 
 
 "At an early period of the cruise the first class were 
 put in charge of the deck, and performed all the duties 
 of lieutenants in charo-e of the watch. Thev have also 
 been carefully instructed in the use of the sextant, and 
 have been well taught in observing time-sights by the 
 moon and stars, and in ascertaining the longitude and 
 latitude by Bowditch's, Chauvenet's, and other meth- 
 ods. They became familiar, so soon, with their work, 
 that I was enabled, in a short month, to call upon any 
 one of this class to take obacrvations for latitude or 
 longitude by the sun, moon, or stars, and to feel the 
 most perfect confidence in the correctness of the work. 
 They were all taught practical seamanship. During a 
 pretty smart gale, one of our topsails was split, and 
 the occasion was taken advantage of, to practise the 
 acting midshipmen in shifting topsails. They were 
 taught practically how to carry out a heavy anchor 
 between two boats. When anchored off Thomas 
 Point, an anchor weighing more than 5000 pounds, 
 with fifteen fathoms of one and three-quarters' inch 
 chain cable attached to it, was carried out between our 
 quarter boats and planted fifty fathoms from the ship; 
 
NAYAL ACADEMY, 43 
 
 then forty-five fathoms of the same cable were hauled 
 out and shackled to the fifteen fathoms already out. 
 In short, they were instructed in every branch of sea- 
 manship, from heaving the lead, steering, reefing, and 
 furling, making and taking in sail, up to the most intri- 
 cate evolution. 
 
 "Alarms of 'man overboard' were given. At one 
 time, the ship was going at the rate of eight knots ; 
 the life buov was let go, the boat lowered, the ship 
 brought to, the buoy picked up, the boat alongside 
 again, and away and standing on her course under all 
 sail, in seven minutes and twenty seconds from the time 
 of the first alarm. Tlie first class was also practised 
 in firing at targets, and, in some cases, the accuracy 
 was remarkable." There were one hundred and fifteen 
 acting midshipmen on board the Plymouth on this 
 cruise. Tlie total number of acting midshipmen was 
 two hundred and eighty-one. 
 
4A HISTORY OF THE 
 
 CHAPTEK YII. 
 
 PERILOUS TIMES— SECESSION— THE MASSACHUSETTS 8TH, 
 REMOVAL TO NEWPORT, R. I.— QUARTERS OE THE OFFI- 
 CERS AND MIDSHIPMEN. 
 
 The Naval Academy under the superintendence of 
 Captain George S. Blake, was reported to this period 
 as in admirable condition. But the Academy and 
 the public property at Annapolis attracted early, 
 the attention of the disloyal. And it was fortunate 
 that this charge was intrusted during these perilous 
 times to so patriotic an officer. The Hon. Gideon 
 "Welles, the Secretary of the Navy, in his report of 
 December 3d, 1861, says of his services at this crisis : 
 " I have deemed it important that the accomplished 
 Superintendent, whose fidelity to his trust was exhib- 
 ited under trying circumstances, should be continued 
 in the position he has filled so acceptably, until the 
 school shall be again permanently established." The 
 prompt measures adopted by Captain Blake, and the 
 assistance of loyal acting midshipmen, rescued the 
 
NAVAL ACADEMY. 45 
 
 government property and the frigate Constitution 
 from desecration and plmider. 
 
 In the latter part of April, 1861, the rebellion which 
 had assumed so formidable a shape, extended its 
 malign influence to the Naval Academy and imperilled 
 its safety ; it became necessary therefore, to take im- 
 mediate steps for its protection. Its advantages as a 
 base of military operations against Washington, to- 
 gether with the arms and ammunition of the institu- 
 tion, invited attack, and the disloyal were planning its 
 seizure. The frigate Constitution was also much 
 coveted by the rebels, and the Academy itself was 
 spoken of as the future nursery of the Southern navy. 
 Under these circumstances, every possible preparation 
 for defence was made, both in the Academy and on 
 board the frigate, and every movement of the disaf- 
 fected was watched with the utmost vio-ilance. But 
 the means of defence were limited. The grounds were 
 commanded by adjacent heights, the Constitution, with 
 the partial armament then on board her, lay aground, 
 except at high water, and the channel through which 
 she was to be carried out of the harbor was narrow 
 and very difficult. She was also directly under 
 heights from which secessionists had declared their 
 intentions to open a fire upon her if she were 
 moved. 
 
4:6 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 On the morning of the twenty-first of April, the 
 steamer Maryland arrived off the port with the 
 Massachusetts 8th, commanded by Brigadier-General 
 Butler, who immediately expressed his readiness to 
 lay the steamer alongside the Constitution, lighten 
 her of her guns, and tow her out. This was accom- 
 plished, though with great difficulty, by the close of 
 that day ; the ship was anchored in the roads, her 
 guns w^ere replaced on board, and her crew, which 
 consisted of only thirty or forty men, being reinforced 
 by a detachment of the regiment, she was anchored 
 in a favorable position for covering the landing of 
 troops and stores, which, owing to the burning of the 
 bridges on the Philadelphia and Baltimore railroad, 
 were directed to this point. 
 
 This sudden conversion of the Naval Academy into 
 a military post, rendered it impossible to carry on the 
 routine of the institution, and its transport to Fort 
 Adams, Newport, K. 1., was directed. The valuable 
 library, philosophical apparatus, and other Academy's 
 property, together with the officers and professors, 
 were embarked on the fifth and sixth of May, in the 
 steamer Baltic, then in the service of the government, 
 and on the eighth the fort was occupied. The Consti- 
 tution had already arrived with about one hundred 
 and fifty acting midshipmen on board, and, in less 
 
NAVAL ACADEMY. 47 
 
 than a week, the course of instruction was resumed. 
 A portion of the first class liad been ordered to re- 
 port for duty in AVashington, before the arrival of 
 the Academy from Annapolis, and the remainder 
 of that class, togetlier with the members of the second 
 and third classes, were called into active service soon 
 after reaching Newport, leaving in the Academy only 
 the fourth class, about seventy-six in number. 
 
 The annual examination took place in the fort in 
 June, and the class, now become the third, entered 
 upon a course of practical instruction in gunnery, sea- 
 manship, (fee, on board the ship. The usual summer 
 cruise was dispensed with, for the reason that all the 
 ships suitable for that service, were needed for block- 
 ading purposes. In the month of September, the Con- 
 stitution, which had been anchored off Fort Adams, 
 was removed into the inner harbor of Newport, 
 and as the fort could not be occupied during the 
 winter, in consequence of the limited and damp con- 
 dition of its accommodations, which are all in the 
 casemates, it was resolved to quarter the third class in 
 the Atlantic House, which was rented for the purpose, 
 and which affords accommodations for the class, also 
 the necessary recitation rooms, as well as quarters for 
 a considerable number of the officers and professors. 
 The new fourth class are quartered on board the 
 
48 HISTORY OF THE » 
 
 frigate, where they receive academic instruction and 
 are drilled at the guns, and in practical seamanship. 
 This class contains two hundred and three members, 
 and the total number of acting midshipmen on pro- 
 bation at the Naval Academy is two hundred and 
 sixty-four.* Previous to this time the academic term 
 had begun on the first of October, but the period 
 during which candidates should report themselves, 
 was extended by the Department for the year 1861 to 
 the thirtieth of November. A guard from the Con- 
 stitution is kept in Fort Adams ; the acting midship- 
 men have been stationed at the guns now mounted 
 in the work, and the whole establishment could be 
 quartered in it, at a few hours' notice. 
 
 Thus we see, in the language of Secretary Welles, 
 that, " although the numbers at the school are reduced 
 by the resignation of nearly every student from the in- 
 surrectionary region, and a call of the elder classes to 
 active professional duty, the younger classes that re- 
 main form a nucleus to re-establish and give vitality to 
 the institution." He recommends, also, that the coun- 
 try educate, for a period at least, double the number 
 of acting midshipmen now authorized by law. 
 
 * There is one student also, the son of the Prince de Joinville, the Duke 
 of Penthievre, who is not a regularly appointed acting midshipman, 
 but has been permitted to join the Academy at his own charges, being 
 subject to all the regulations and the discipline of the institution. 
 
NAVAL ACADEMY. 49 
 
 It IS a fitting conclusion to this chapter to place on 
 record here the testimony gathered from various sources, 
 that, had it not been for the firm determination of the 
 Secretary of the Navy to preserve this most valuable 
 institution, so great were the embarrassments of the 
 Government at the breaking out of the rebellion, that 
 the country might have witnessed the total destruction 
 of the Academy, or, at least, a suspension of its exer- 
 cises. Most fortunately, also, Mr. Fox, the Assistant 
 Secretary of the Navy, who was formerly an officer of 
 high reputation, and Captain Harwood, the accom- 
 plished Chief of the Bureau of Ordnance and Hydro- 
 graphy, who has, ex officio^ the personal supervision of 
 the institution, both took a deep interest in its welfare 
 and, under the arrangements directed by the Depart- 
 ment, it remains in full and successful operation, at 
 rather a diminished than an increased expense, for the 
 
 current year, 1861-2, 
 
 2 
 
50 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 CHAPTEE Till. 
 
 THE BUILDIXGS AXD GROUNDS AT AXXAPOLIS. — FORT 
 SEVERN'.— LABORATORY AND ARMORY.— QUARTERS OF 
 THE MIDSHIPMEN.— RECITATION HALL.— MESS HALL- 
 LIBRARY AND LYCEUM.— TROPHIES OF NAVAL VIC- 
 TORIES. 
 
 The city of Annapolis, which, many years ago, was 
 the seat of wealth, refinement, and an extensive trade, 
 and has long been the official residence of the Governor 
 of Marvland, was an admirablv chosen location for the 
 Xaval Academy. Since its organization, various im- 
 provements and additions having been made, an estab- 
 lishment of respectable proportions has been created, 
 and the buildings which were occupied by the institu- 
 tion, although characterized by no magnificence of 
 architectm-e, have, nevertheless, an air of neatness and 
 elegance, and are well arranged for the comfort ajid 
 convenience of the professore and midshipmen. 
 
 The Academv grounds contain about fortv-seven 
 acres, thev are surrounded bv a brick wall, and the 
 entrance to them is sruarded bv two iTiites of iron. 
 Within the enclosm-e, close by the sea-wall stands 
 
XATAL ACADEMY. 51 
 
 Fort Severn, which is a small circular redoubt, and has 
 no outworks of anv kind. It is roofed over, and con- 
 tained a batterv of thirtv-two pounders mounted on 
 naval carriaires. This batterv was used for instruction 
 and target practice, and the acting midshipmen were 
 exercised here in firiui]: J^^ if on board a man-of-war. 
 In the lower part of the fort the field guns were run in 
 and sheltered. Xear Fort Severn are the steam and 
 gas works of the institution. They are small and are 
 economically constructed, but are of sufficient capacity 
 to liirht and heat the whole establishment. Twelve 
 thousand cubic feet of i^-as could be made dailv. 
 
 Not far from the fort was the Laboratorv and Ar- 
 
 t.' 
 
 mory, which occupied a single building, built of brick, 
 plain and one story high. The Academy possesses a 
 verv orood chemical laboratorv, and a fine collection of 
 philosophical instruments and apparatus. The lecture 
 and recitation rooms of the Professor of Xatural and 
 Experimental Philosophy were in one wing of this 
 building, ' and in the other were the armory, and the 
 recitation rooms of the Professor of Field Artillery 
 and Infantrv Tactics. Kear bv are the Quarters of 
 the acting midshipmen, or, more properly, the naval 
 cadets. These buildinors are five in number, and con- 
 tain in all ninetv-eii^ht rooms, each about fifteen f&et 
 square. Two acting midshipmen were quartered in 
 
52 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 each room, the furniture being a small iron bedstead 
 and bureau for each, which were of the simplest arid 
 most substantial kind. The Quarters are well propor- 
 tioned and convenient though plain buildings: they arc 
 of brick ; the three on the left are three stories high, 
 and the two on the right are of two stories. Some of 
 them were built in 1850, and others at a more remote 
 period. A brick pavement is laid in suitable places. 
 
 Facing the Quarters is the Parade Ground, which is 
 a beautiful oblong area. Tlie Eecitation Hall, which 
 is next in order, is a very handsome and convenient 
 building. It is three stories high, and about fifty feet 
 square. Near this edifice is the Mess Hall, of which 
 the dimensions are about one hundred feet by fifty. 
 The kitchens are in the basement and the dining saloon 
 is on the first fioor. Tlie second story which contains 
 two spacious rooms, is devoted to tlie Library and 
 Lyceum. Tlie library was founded by the Hon. George 
 Bancroft, in 1845, who transferred to tli^ Academy a 
 few hundred volumes of miscellaneous works which 
 had been accumulated on board our ships-of-war and 
 at the navy yards. From the year 1851 to the present 
 time there has been an appropriation of $2,000 an- 
 nually, for its uses, and the yearly increase has averaged 
 Y50 volumes. The number of printed works is now 
 about 10,000, and, besides these, there are 200 maps 
 
NAVAL ACADEMY. 53 
 
 and charts, and a collection of manuscripts and engrav- 
 ings. The selection of books is very carefully made, 
 and it is the design that the library shall be so. com- 
 plete a nautical collection that the naval officer may 
 have access here to the best works on all subjects con- 
 nected with his profession. 
 
 The Lyceum contained many objects of interest, 
 which have been contributed chiefly by officers of the 
 navy, and among these, were the trophies of naval 
 victories^ which had been arranged with much skill by 
 1 le first chaplain at the post, the Rev. George Jones. 
 
 Here were preserved : — 
 
 The flag of the French frigate, L'Insurgente, cap- 
 tared February, 1799, by the frigate Constellation, T. 
 Truxton, Commander; 
 
 The flag of the French brig Berceau, captured 
 November, 1800. by the frigate Boston, George Little, 
 Commander ; 
 
 The Royal Standard of Great Britain, captured at 
 York, near Toronto, April 27th, 1813, by General Z. 
 Pike, in conjunction with Commodore Isaac Chauncey ; 
 Tlie Mace, belonging to the Speaker's Chair of the 
 Provincial Assembly of Upper Canada, also taken on 
 the same occasion, and the lion, carved in wood, which 
 stood in front of the Speaker's Chair; — General Pike 
 was killed at the capture of Toronto : 
 
54: HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Tlie flag of the Java, captured December 29th, 1812, 
 by the frii>:ate Constitution.AY. Bainbridire, Commander ; 
 
 The flag of the Boxer, captured Sej)tember 5th, 
 1813, by the brig Enterprise, AV. Burrows, Commander. 
 Burrows was killed in this engagement ; 
 
 The flag of the Levant, also of the Cyane, captured 
 February 20th, 1815, by the frigate Constitution, C. 
 Stewart, Commander ; 
 
 The flags of the Chippewa, Lady Prevost, Queen 
 Charlotte, Hunter, Detroit, and Little Belt, captured 
 September 10th, 1813, on Lake Erie, by the United 
 States Squadron, O. H. Perry, Commander ; 
 
 The flags of the Beresford, Linnet, Chubs, Confi- 
 dence, captured September 11th, 1814, on Lake Cham- 
 plain, by the United States Squadron, T. M. Mc- 
 Donough, Commander ; 
 
 Tlie flag of the Peindeer, captured July 2Sth, 1814, 
 by the sloop Wasp, J. Blakely, Commander ; 
 
 The flag of the Peacock, captured February 24th, 
 1813, by the sloop Hornet, Lawrence, Commander; 
 
 The flag of the Avon, captured September 1st, 1814, 
 by the sloop Wasp, J. Blakely, Commander ; 
 
 The flag of tlie Frolic, captured November, 1812, by 
 the sloop Wasp, Jacob Jones, Commander ; 
 
 The flag of the Epervier, captured April 9th, 1814, 
 by the Peacock, L. Warrington, Commander ; 
 
NAVAL ACADEMY. 55 
 
 The flag of the Pligh Flyer ; 
 
 The flag of the Macedonian, captured on the 25th 
 of October, 1812 ; 
 
 Tlie flag of the Alert, captured August 13th, 1812, 
 by the frigate Essex, D. Porter, Commander ; 
 
 The flags of the Donainica, Duke of Gloucester, St. 
 Lawrence, and Londeville, captured by privateers ; 
 
 The flag of the Guerriere, captured August 10th, 
 1812, by the Constitution, Isaac Hull, Commander ; 
 
 Perry's flag, worn at his mast-head, during his 
 engagement on Lake Erie, September 10th, 1813, 
 and carried under his arm when he removed in an 
 open boat from the Lawrence to the Xiagara ; — it is 
 black, the death color, with Lawrence's last words, 
 "Don't give up the ship," inscribed on it, in white 
 letters ; 
 
 The flag of the Algerine frigate Mesoura, captured 
 June 20th, 1813, by the United States Squadron, S. 
 Decatur, Commander ; 
 
 Tlie flag of an Algerine brig captured on the same 
 day as the above ; 
 
 Two Mexican flags captured at Mazatlan, Novem- 
 ber 7th, 1847, by a part of the Pacific Squadron under 
 Commodore Shubrick ; 
 
 A Mexican flag captured at Monterey, California, 
 July 7th, 1846, by the United States naval forces 
 
56 niSTORY OF THE 
 
 under Commodore J. D. Sloat ; — this was the first flag 
 taken in California; 
 
 An American flag used at St. Jos^, California, ex- 
 hibiting the holes made by Mexican bullets ; — Passed 
 Midshipman McLanahan was killed while holding the 
 staff ; a small party of Americans in a rude fort, 
 w^ere besieged for twenty-one days by five hundred 
 Mexicans, until they were at last relieved by the 
 United States Squadron ; 
 
 A drum taken at Tabasco ; 
 
 Three horsemen's lances taken at Figueras, on the 
 western coast of America ; 
 
 One lance taken in a fight back of Mazatlan. 
 
 There was also a part of the national flag of San 
 Juan de Ulloa, and there were models of the principal 
 ships of the United States Navy.* When the Academy 
 was transferred to Newport, these trophies and other 
 articles belonging to the Lyceum, were placed care- 
 fully on board the Constitution, and are now in Fort 
 Adams. 
 
 * Niles' Register, vol. LXXY, p. 370. The Rev. Mr. Jones, to whose 
 zeal the Academy was mainly indebted for the transfer of these trophies 
 from the city of Washington to its Lyceum, is a graduate of Yale Col- 
 lege, and is said to be a highly accomplished scholar. 
 
NAVAL ACADKMY. 67 
 
 CHAPTEE IX. 
 
 THE CHAPEL.— THE OBSERVATORY.— MIDSHIPMEN'S MOX- 
 UMENT.— HOSPITAL.— BOAT HOUSE.— QUARTERS OF THE 
 OFFICERS AND PROFESSORS.— NAY AL MONUMENT.— MON- 
 UMENT TO LIEUT. HERNDON.— OLD IRON SIDES. 
 
 The Cliapel, which stands near the Mess Hall, is a 
 neat, modest edifice of brick, painted brown, having 
 pillars in front, and will seat comfortably about three 
 hundred persons. Kext to the Chapel is the Astro- 
 nomical Observatory, which is a small building, built 
 in the form of a cross. In the right wing, the reci- 
 tations were held, and in the left, was an excellent 
 meridian circle from Eepsold, at Hamburg. Under a 
 revolving roof was mounted a fine equatorial telescope, 
 which was manufactured by Clark of Boston. It has 
 an achromatic lens of seven and three quarters' inches 
 clear aperture, and the focal length is nine and a half 
 feet. The whole length of the telescope is twenty 
 feet. Here also were levels, theodolites, sextants, 
 charts, coast survey reports, etc. The collection com- 
 prises, indeed, all of the instruments which are of 
 
58 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 chiefest importance to the astronomer, the surveyor, 
 and the navigator. These instruments are now depos- 
 ited in the Observatory at Washington. 
 
 Between the_ Chapel and the Observatory, is a small 
 but beautifully designed monument of white marble, 
 which was erected by the acting midshipmen, in 
 memory of Passed Midshipmen Henry A. Clemson, 
 and John E. Ilynson and Midshipman Wingate Pills- 
 bury, who were drowned near Yera Cruz in 1806, 
 and of Midshipman T. B. Shubrick, who was killed 
 on the twenty-fifth of March, 1847, while gallantly 
 performing his duty at the naval battery on shore be- 
 fore Yera Cruz, during its bombardment. In the 
 south-west angle of the ground is the Hospital, a neat 
 building about fifty feet square, and two stories high, 
 with a deep veranda to each story which entirely sur- 
 rounds the building. The Boat House, a handsome 
 brick building, having an extension of wood to hoist 
 up the boats, contained about twelve cutters and other 
 boats, — a flotilla for practice in fleet sailing, provided 
 for the use of the acting midshipmen. On the op- 
 posite side of the Parade Ground are the buildings 
 which were occupied as the quarters of the Superin- 
 tendent, the professors, and the officers of the Academy. 
 They are twenty-one in number, are built of brick, and 
 are arranged in blocks around the boundaries of the 
 
\^*1 
 
 0/ 
 
 =m 
 
 ^t^^ 
 
 J*' 
 
 8,fi^ 
 
 
 I'liiiiiiKiiii'inininimnniif;.." 
 
 iiiiiiiMiii>i!ir:iiiiiiiii;iiiii'i 
 
 'W^ 
 
 
 /BienlitAXY 
 
 MID S HIPMEN S M ONTJME XT 
 
 Naval Ac a dem}-, Aiiiia polls W\ 
 
NAVAL ACADEMY. 59 
 
 grounds for the most part, and present a very beauti- 
 ful appearance. These, with a few workshops, com- 
 prise all tlie buildings of the Xaval Academy. 
 
 Besides the marble monument already mentioned, 
 there are two others witiiin the grounds. Directly in 
 front of the professors' quarters is a beautiful naval 
 monument, which was erected originally in 1806, in 
 the Navy Yard at "Washington, by the officers of 
 Commodore Preble's command in the Mediterranean 
 Squadron, in honor of these who fell in the naval en- 
 gagements before Tripoli, in 1804. They were Cap- 
 tain Richard Somers, Lieutenants James Decatur, 
 James K. Caldwell, Henry Wadsworth, Joseph Israel, 
 and Midshipman John S. Dorsey."^ Commodore Pre- 
 ble says that Decatur " died nobly," and of the others 
 he uses language like the following : '' They were 
 officers of conspicuous bravery, talents, and merit." 
 The monument is of white marble, was executed in 
 Italy, and is very elaborate. It is composed of a cu- 
 bical base which supports a highly ornate shaft, upon 
 whose summit stands the American eagle, guarding 
 the escutcheon of liberty and preparing, seemingly, to 
 wing his flight heavenwards. The whole structure is 
 about forty feet high. Around the base are four em- 
 
 * Preble's Official Report, American State Papers, vol. XIV., p. 133, 
 and Groldsborough's Naval Chronicle, vol. I., p. 240. 
 
 y 
 
60 HISTOKY OF THE 
 
 bleniatical marble figures. Mercury, Fame, History, 
 and America. One of the panels displays a repre- 
 sentation in relief, of tlie city of Tripoli, and upon 
 another are inscribed the names of the officers to 
 whose memory the monument was erected. 
 
 At the burning of the city of Washington by the 
 British, under General Ross, in 1814, this beautiful 
 memorial of the brave deeds of American naval offi- 
 cers, was barbarously dilapidated, but has since been 
 restored. The troops under General Ross destroyed 
 also the public buildings and the national archives at 
 Washington, a mode of warfare which is wholly dis- 
 countenanced now by Great Britain, we must believe, 
 as unbefitting a professedly civihzed and Christian 
 nation. The monument to Somers, Decatur, and other 
 officers, was i-emoved from the Is'avy Yard to the west 
 front of the Capitol, and very recently to the Naval 
 Academy. It is to be hoped that it will be shielded 
 carefully from injury, and may long remain one of the 
 chief ornaments of the academic grounds. 
 
 Another monument, a simple obelisk of Quincy 
 granite, stands near the centre of the area. It was 
 erected by the officers of the navy in memory of 
 Lieutenant Herndon, who perished while commanding 
 the CaHfornia Mail Steamer, the Central America, 
 wliicli foundered at sea on the twelfth of September, 
 
NAVAL ACADEMY. 61 
 
 1357. He had been distinguished previously for his 
 successful enterprise in an exploration of the valley 
 of the Amazon, made in 1851 and 1852, under the di- 
 rection of the ^avy Department, by William Lewis 
 Herndon and Lardner Gibbon, Lieutenants of the 
 United States Xavv. 
 
 The school-ship of the Academy, first the Plym- 
 outh and afterwards the Constitution, was securely 
 moored near the fort. 
 
 The "Old Iron Sides" which "neither the elements 
 have destroyed, nor have enemies been able to catch 
 ox capture, is the only keel remaining of the renowned 
 squadron, so well known to Americans for their achieve- 
 ments in the war against Tripoli, and in the second war 
 with Britain. It was the Constitution which bore the 
 broad pennant of Preble in all the victories of the 
 squadi'on in the Mediteranean. On the Atlantic, com- 
 manded by Hull, she astonished British officers by es- 
 caping from their squadron. Commanded by the same 
 officer, she sent the boasting Guerriere to the bottom ; 
 commanded by Bainbridge, she compelled the Java to 
 submit to the same fate, and commanded by Stewart, 
 in one action, added the Cyane and Levant to the Am- 
 erican Xavv.''^ 
 
 This war-worn glorious old hulk was attached to the 
 
 ♦"Waldo's Naval Heroes, p. 241. 
 
62 HISTORY OF THlii 
 
 Academy two years ago, and the plan, of havin^^ per- 
 manently a scliool-sliip which was then first adop'ed, 
 has been found to be an admirable one. When sta- 
 tioned at Annapolis, she was connected with the shore 
 by a light bridge, w^hich was supported upon piles, and 
 upon tliis bridge pipes were also laid for the gas and 
 steam which lighted and warmed the ship in the most 
 perfect and economical manner. It was doubted, at 
 first, whether steam could be carried so far in pipes 
 wliich were so much exposed, but the success of the 
 experiment was complete. The ship was rigged very 
 beautifully, and the " new appointees" are quartered, 
 during their first year, on board of her, where they 
 receive instruction in practical seamanship in a much 
 better, and more thorough manner than it could pos- 
 sibly be given on shore. The gun-deck is fitted up as 
 a study room, — the berth-deck is used for messing and 
 sleeping. 
 
 A set of spars was recently erected on the grounds 
 of the Academy, which were fully rigged and fitted 
 with sails, in order that the students might be exercised 
 without the necessity of embarking, and might by this 
 means, become familiar with the modes of rigging the 
 spars, unbending, furling and reefing the sails, and of 
 fitting and managing the running rigging. 
 
NAVAL ACADEMY. 63 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 THE ACADEMIC STAFF.— EXAMINATIONS.— MIDSHIPMEN ON 
 FURLOUGH.— MERIT ROLL.— CONDUCT ROLL.— PUNISH- 
 MENTS. 
 
 The Superintendent of the Naval Academy has the 
 immediate government and command of the institution. 
 He must be of a rank not lower than that of com- 
 mander. The officer at the Academy who is next in 
 authority to the Superintendent, is the Commandant 
 of Midshipmen, w^hose rank must not be below that 
 of lieutenant. He is the executive officer, and the in- 
 structor in practical seamanship, practical naval gun- 
 nery, and naval tactics. He may grant permission to 
 midshipmen to leave the grounds for recreation, he in- 
 spects, once each day, the halls, quarters and grounds 
 of the Academy, he gives orders when to appear in full 
 uniform, he receives the reports of improper conduct 
 at recitations, he has charge of the requisition-books 
 of the midshipmen, and he attends to all other duties 
 which the immediate supervision of the midshipmen 
 devolves upon him. He has three officers to assist him 
 in the discharge of these duties. 
 
64 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 There are eight professorships at the Academy and 
 the heads of tliese departments of instruction, viz. : the 
 Professor of Mathematics, the Professor of Astronomy, 
 Navigation and Surveying, the Professor of JSTatural 
 and Experimental Pliilosophy, the Professor of Field 
 Artillery and Infantry Tactics, the Professor of Ethics 
 and English Studies, tlie Professor of the French Lan- 
 guage, the Professor of the Spanish Language, the Pro- 
 fessor of Drawing and Draughting, with the Superin- 
 tendent and Commandant, constitute the Academic 
 Board, who decide upon the examinations of candidates 
 and of acting midshipmen, upon the order of instruction, 
 upon the text-Looks and upon other subjects of like 
 character. There are several officers and instructors who 
 are not members of the board. The annual examination 
 of all the classes in the Academy is held by the board 
 from and after the first day of June. There is a semi-an- 
 nual examination on the 1st day of February. There 
 are present at the June examination, by invitation from 
 the Secretary of the Navy, seven citizens as a Board of 
 Visitors, w^ho w^itness the manner in which the ofticers 
 and pupils discharge their respective duties, and report 
 to the Secretary upon the police, discipline and general 
 management of the institution. At the close of the 
 June examination, those members of the second class 
 who have not received more than one hundred and 
 
NAVAL ACADEMY. 65 
 
 fifty demerits for the year are furloughed until the 30th 
 of the following September, and the remaining students 
 are embarked immediately on board the practice-ship, 
 to perform such cruise as the Secretary of the Is'avy 
 may direct. 
 
 The Commandant of Midshipmen has command of 
 the vessel, and he is assisted by other officers and profes- 
 sors. Every acting midshipman who succeeds in pass- 
 ing the June examination receives a certificate which 
 entitles him to his warrant as a midshipman from that 
 date, and he is promoted according to his order of 
 merit at graduating. No acting midshipman who has 
 been dismissed or dropped in consequence of deficiency 
 at an examination can be restored to the Academy ex- 
 cept on the recommendation of the Academic Board. 
 
 Much of the professional instruction at the Academy 
 is given from manuscripts. Lieutenant Marcy, who 
 was the first assistant appointed, and Lieutenant Parker 
 have left such manuscripts. Lieutenant Simpson is the 
 author of a treatise on Ordnance and Xaval Gunnery 
 and the translator of a French work, Theorie du Point- 
 age. Lieutenant Jeffers is the author of a work on 
 Naval Gunnery. Professor Coffin has his own manu- 
 scripts. Professor Girault is the author of some excel- 
 lent works which are used in his department. 
 
 The general merit of an acting midshipman expresses 
 
66 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 the values received at his recitations diminished in a 
 certain ratio for his demerits. The scale of daily merit 
 is from to 4. These merits are, of course, reported 
 regularly by the professors and instructors. The de- 
 merits are comprised in several classes ; first class, ten 
 demerits — repeated neglect of orders, overstaying leave, 
 absent from room at night after " taps," etc. ; second 
 class, eight demerits, light in room after " taps," etc. ; 
 third class, six demerits, absence from parade, roll-call, 
 etc., improper noise in the buildings, absence from 
 room in study hours, etc. ; fourth class, four demerits, 
 slovenly dress, etc. ; fifth class, two demerits, late at 
 prayers, etc. ; other minor ofiences one demerit. 
 
 A student who shall have standing against him more 
 than two hundred demerits, during the academic year, 
 is declared deficient in conduct, and is dropped from 
 the navy. Any student who shall be intoxicated, or 
 shall have in his possession, within the limits of the 
 Academy, intoxicating drinks, may be dismissed from 
 the institution. Any one who shall go beyond the 
 academic limits, without permission, who shall send, 
 accept, or bear a challenge, who shall play at cards, 
 or games of chance, in the Academy, who shall off'er 
 violence to, or insult a person on public duty, who 
 shall publish any thing relating to the Academy, or 
 who shall be guilty of conduct unbecoming a gentle- 
 
NAVAL ACADEMY. 67 
 
 man, may be dismissed the service. Any one who 
 shall be found to be married, or who shall marry while 
 attached to the Academy, shall be considered as having 
 authorized his name to be dropped from the navy list. 
 Various other offences are minutely specified in the 
 regulations of the Academy. 
 
 Besides the demerits, there are the following punish- 
 ments : first, confinement to limits, private reprimands, 
 confinement to room, reprimand read on parade, etc. ; 
 second, confinement in guard-room ; third, dismissal, 
 with the privilege of resigning, and, lastly^ public dis- 
 missal. 
 
68 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 
 DAILY DiyiSION OF TIME.— SECTION-FORMATIONS. — CAP- 
 TAINS OF CREWS.— THE MESS-TABLE.— TATTOO AND TAPS. 
 —BALMY SLEEP. 
 
 The following are the divisions of time and the order 
 of daily duties for the naval cadets. The Morning 
 Gun-fire and Reveille with the beating of the drum is 
 at 6 o'clock and 15 minutes A. m., or at 6.30, according 
 to the season. Then there is the police of quarters 
 and inspection of rooms. The roll-call is at 6.45 or at 
 7.15, according to the season. From December 1 to 
 March 1 the later hour here mentioned is the one ob- 
 served. Chapel Service follows, and afterwards, break- 
 fast at 7 or at 7.30. The Sick-call is 30 minutes after 
 breakfast. Then the acting midshipmen enjoy recre- 
 ation until 8 o'clock, when the study and recitation 
 hours begin. Most of these calls are made with the 
 drum ; some, however, ^re sounded with the bugle. 
 
 Section-formations^ take place in the front hall of the 
 third floor, under the immediate supervision of the 
 
 * " Routine and Orders " at Newport. 
 
NAVAL ACADEMY. 69 ^ 
 
 Officer of tlie Day, who, as well as the Section-leaders, 
 is held responsible for the preservation of silence and 
 ordei". When the signal is given by the bngle, the 
 sections are marched, by the centre stairs, to their 
 respective recitation-rooms. The sections march in 
 close order, in perfect silence, and with strict observ- 
 ance of military decornm. Whenever a section leaves 
 its recitation room, it is marched, by its Leader, up the 
 western staircase, to the third floor, and is there dis- 
 missed. 
 
 This method of forming and dismissing the sections 
 is now followed in the present quarters of the Acad- 
 emy at Newport. Study alternates or intervenes with 
 recitations until 1 o'clock, when the signal for dinner 
 is sounded. The young gentlemen are again formed 
 in order by tl]e Captains of crews, and are marched 
 into the Mess Hall. The organization of the acting 
 midshipmen is into ten guns' crews, for practical in- 
 struction in seamansliip and gunnery, and for purposes 
 of discipline. 
 
 The Captains of crews, when at the Mess-table, 
 are to consider tliemselves upon duty ;^ and must re- 
 press promptly all disorderly conduct, unbecoming 
 language, and unnecessary noise. 
 
 They must enforce perfect silence among their sev- 
 
 * " Routine and Orders" at Newport. 
 
70 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 eral guns' crews until the order — ''Seats !" — shall have 
 been given. Silence must also be enforced after the 
 order — " Rise!" — until the crews reach the main hall. 
 
 At all times, in mustering their crews, the Captains 
 must call the names in the lowest tone which will 
 secure attention. 
 
 The Captains of crews are required to report any 
 irregularity in uniform or untidiness, which they may 
 perceive at any formation, as well as any infraction of 
 regulations, disregard of orders, or other impropriety."^ 
 
 The Professor of Field Artillery and Infantry Tactics 
 is the inspector of the mess-hall, and presides at tlie 
 mess-table. He has charge of the police and order of 
 the mess-hall, in which duty he is assisted by the Offi- 
 cer of the day, and the Captains of crews. 
 
 Each student has a seat assigned him at table, which 
 he must not change without the sanction of the inspec- 
 tor of the mess-hall. 
 
 The hours for meals are regulated by the Superin- 
 tendent. 
 
 No student must appear at rneals negligently dressed. 
 
 Thirty minutes are allowed for breakfast, and the 
 same time for supper. Forty minutes are allowed for 
 dinner. At the expiration of tliese times allowed for 
 meals, the students retire, the mess-hall doors are 
 
 * " Routine and orders" and " Regulations." 
 
NAVAL ACADEMY. 71 
 
 closed, and then no extra meals are served therein 
 except by order of the Superintendent. 
 
 Loud talking is not permitted at table, in the mess- 
 hall, or in its vicinity. Breaches of good breeding 
 and decorum are noticed and reported, if necessary, by 
 the inspector. 
 
 Wasting provisions, or taking any article of furni- 
 ture or provisions from the mess-hall, is positively for- 
 bidden.' 
 
 "When there is cause of dissatisfaction, whether in 
 relation to the quantity or quality of provisions, cook- 
 ing, inattention of steward, or of servants, it must be 
 reported first to the inspector of the mess-hall, and 
 then, if necessary, by him to the Superintendent. 
 
 No student is permitted to have a guest at mess- 
 table. 
 
 No meals are furnished to students at their rooms 
 except in case of sickness, and then only by direction 
 of the surgeon, and in strict accordance with the diet 
 list which he furnishes. 
 
 A board of three officers attached to the Academy 
 is appointed quarterly by the Superintendent, whose 
 duty it is to propose, subject to his approval, the rate 
 of charge, per day, for subsistence, and the articles 
 of which it shall be composed for each day of the 
 week. 
 
72 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Dinner having been well discussed, the young gen- 
 tlemen may enjoy recreation again until two p. m., 
 when tlie afternoon study and recitation hours begin 
 and continue until four o'clock. There are then in- 
 struction in the art of defence, infantry or artillery 
 drill, and recreation until parade and roll-call at sun- 
 set. Supper follows immediately afterwards, then re- 
 creation and call to evening studies at 6.25 or 6.55 
 according to the season. Study hours continue until 
 Tattoo at 9 1-2 p. m., which is a signal for extinguish- 
 ing lights and the inspection of rooms. 
 
 After " taps" at ten o'clock, no lights are allowed 
 in any part of the students' quarters, except by au- 
 thority of the Superintendent. ''Kind nature's sweet 
 restorer, balmy sleep" visits now the tyro midshipman, 
 and soothes his weary couch until morning Gun-fire 
 and EeN'eille arouse him again for the same appointed 
 round of duty. So wear away his youthful days in 
 timely preparation for the brave deeds of manhood, 
 in the service of his country, to win an undying repu- 
 tation at the cannon's mouth, — " to pluck bright honor 
 from the pale-faced moon," or " dive into the bottom 
 of the deep and drag up drowned honor by the locks." 
 Let us believe that glory is no mere bubble, and that 
 the golden age of our Somers' and Lawrences, and 
 Ferrys and Decaturs has not yet departed. 
 
NAVAL ACADEMY. 73 
 
 CHAPTEE XII. 
 
 ROUTIXE ON THE COXSTITUTIOX.— STO^IXG HAMMOCKS 
 AND ^ASHIXa.— ROLL CALL, INSPECTION, BREAKFAST, 
 STUDY.— PARADE.— TATTOO.— ETIQUETTE. 
 
 The routine of duties of the fourth class on board 
 the frigate Constitution, is very much like that of the 
 other classes. The following are extracts from the 
 routine book : 
 
 STOWING HA:srMOCKS, AND WASHING. 
 
 (Quarter-Masters, and Captains of Forecastle, will superintend stowage.) 
 
 At Reveille, the midshipmen will immediately turn 
 out, arrange their bedding, and taking their lashings 
 from the head clews of their hammocks, where it was 
 neatly coiled the night before, will lash up their ham- 
 mocks, taking seven taut turns at equal distances, and 
 tucking in their clews neatly. Tliey will then place 
 their hammocks under their right arms, and 1st cap- 
 tains will give the order, " Stand by your hammocks, 
 No. — forward, march ;" at which order they will 
 
 proceed in line, by their allotted ladders, to their al- 
 4 
 
74 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 lotted j)laces in their respective nettings ; when there, 
 they will in order deliver their hammocks to those ap- 
 pointed to receive them : — each 1st captain delivering 
 his hammock and falling back, will face the line of 
 his gun's crew, and see that proper order is main- 
 tained ; each midshipman, after delivering his ham- 
 mock, will fall hack, facing outboard, forming line 
 from 1st captain aft ; when all are stowed, the 1st cap- 
 tains, each at the head of his crew, will face them in 
 the direction of their ladder, and march them to the 
 wash-room, odd-numbered crews on starboard, even 
 numbers on port side of the wash-room. Towels will 
 be marked and kept in their places, over eacli respec- 
 tive basin. No one will leave the wash-room until 
 marched out ; three guns' crews will wash at the same 
 time, and each week the numbers will be changed, 
 commencing with Nos. 1, 2, and 3 guns' crews. When 
 ready, the 1st captains will march their crews to their 
 places on the berth-deck, where they will dismiss 
 them. 
 
 Guns' crews Nos. 1 and 2 stow hammocks in forward 
 netting, No. 2 on port, and No. 1 on starboard side ; 
 N OS. 3, 5, and 7, in starboard, and Nos. 4, G, and 8, in 
 port quarter-deck nettings, lowest numbers of each 
 crew stowing forward. 
 
 Nos. 1 and 2 guns' crews leave berth-deck by fore- 
 
NATAL ACADEMY. 75 
 
 hatch ladders, Nos. 3 and 4 by main-hatch ladders, 
 Nos. 5 and 6 by after-hatch ladders, and Xos. 7 and 8 
 by steerage ladders, each on their respective sides, and 
 each march to their allotted places on spar-deck. 
 
 Twelve minutes from the close of Reveille (which 
 will be shown by three taps on the drum) are allowed 
 for lashing hammocks, and to leave the berth-deck. 
 
 MORNING ROLL-CALL, INSPECTION, AND BREAKFAST. 
 
 The guns' crews will form in two ranks, at their re- 
 spective places on gun-deck: Isos. 1, 3, 5 and 7 on 
 port side, and Xos. 2, 4, 6 and 8 on starboard side ; 
 1st and 2d captains on the right of their crews, officer 
 in charge, and adjutant forward of main-mast. Officer 
 of the day and superintendents forward of main-hatch, 
 fronting officer in charge ; when formed, they will be 
 faced to the front, and dressed by 1st captains by the 
 orders, '' Front ; right dress ;" (captains are specially 
 enjoined to give no other orders). The adjutant then 
 gives the order, " Muster your crews ;" when each 1st 
 captain, taking one step to the front, faces the line of 
 his crew, 2d captain stepping forward into his inter- 
 val ; 1st captain then calls the roll from memory, 
 noting absentees ; when finished, faces toward his 
 place, 2d captain takes backward step to his former 
 position, and 1st captain faces about to his place 
 
76 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 in the front rank; the adjutant then gives the order, 
 " First captains front and centre;" 1st captains take 
 one full step to the front, and face the adjutant's po- 
 sition, 2d captains filling intervals as before; the 
 adjutant then gives the order, "March," at which, 
 captains march in direction of the adjutant, forming 
 in line abreast of him ; the adjutant then gives the 
 order, " Front ; report ;" the captains report all pres- 
 ent ; thus : " All present, 'No. 1 ;" or if any are absent, 
 thus : " — — absent, No. 1 ;" 1st captain of No. 1 
 will commence in a short, sharp, and intelligible tone, 
 making the salute when he has finished, which will 
 be the signal for 1st captain of No. 2 to report, and so on 
 to the last ; the adjutant then gives the order, " Posts; 
 march ;" the 1st captains facing, at the order, "jposts^^^ 
 in the direction of their crews, advance at the word 
 " march^^ to their places in the ranks ; the adjutant 
 then reports to the officer in charge, and receives his 
 instructions ; if there be any orders, he publishes 
 them; he then gives the order, ''Two files from the 
 right, two paces to the front ; march ;" when the two 
 files from the right of each rank step two paces to the 
 front, and the adjutant gives the order, " Battalion 
 right dress ;" the battalion dresses on the two files, 
 and the adjutant gives the order, " Battalion to the 
 rear, open order ; march ;" when the rear rank will 
 
NATAL ACADEMY. 77 
 
 take t-TO steps to the rear, halt, and be dressed by the 
 2d captain. 
 
 The officer in charge, with the adjutant, will pro- 
 ceed to inspect the battalion, the adjutant making 
 memoranda of any thing not in order ; when finished, 
 they will return to place ; the adjutant will then give 
 the order, " Eear rank, close order ; march ;" when 
 the rear rank will take two steps forward ; the adju- 
 tant then gives the order, '' Officer of the day and 
 superintendents, relieve ;" at which the officer of the 
 day and superintendents of the day previous will face 
 about, and pass the orders to their reliefs, the officer 
 of the dav deliverino^ his side-arms : thev will then 
 take position in their respective crews. 
 
 At all formations, the officer of the day and super- 
 intendents will form in rear of the officer in charge 
 and adjutant. 
 
 When the officer of the day and superintendents 
 of the day previous have taken their places in their 
 crews, the adjutant gives the order, "March to break- 
 fast ;" the 1st captains will direct their crews by their 
 respective ladders, to their respective mess-tables: 
 Nos. 1, 3, 5 and 7 on starboard, and Xos. 2, 4, 6 and 
 8 on port side of the berth-deck ; on arriving at the 
 mess-tables, each 1st captain will take position in rear 
 of his camp-stool, at the after end of the table, 2d 
 
78 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 captain taking the forward end, and the crew taking 
 position corresponding to their places in the ranks ; 
 all will remain standing in rear of their respective 
 camp-stools, until the officer in charge gives the order, 
 " Seats ;" at which word the midshipmen will place 
 their caps under their camp-stools, and quietly take 
 their seats. As the midshipmen at each table shall 
 have finished the meal, the 1st captain will rise and 
 look at the adjutant, who will acknowledge the report 
 by raising his right hand ; the 1st captain will then 
 resume his seat ; when all shall have reported, the 
 adjutant will make it known to the officer in charge, 
 who, rising from his seal, will tap on the table, and 
 give the order, " Rise;" at which order, each midship- 
 man will rise, put on his cap, step to the rear of his 
 camp-stool, putting it in place, and facing aft ; at the 
 order, " March," from the adjutant, 1st captains will 
 advance, followed by their crews in their proper order, 
 and proceed to their parade stations on the gun-deck, 
 where thev will form and dress their command, and 
 bring them to parade rest, in order for prayers ; all 
 will take off their caps at the opening of prayers, and 
 put them on at the order, " Attention," at the close 
 of prayers, from the adjutant, who gives the order, 
 " Battalion, attention ; right face, break ranks, march." 
 The hours for recitation and study are the same on 
 
NAVAL ACADEMY. 79 
 
 board the frigate as in quarters, — from about eight 
 o'clock in the morning to one o'clock, and from about 
 two o'clock in the afternoon to- four o'clock. The 
 guns' crews are then assembled for exercise at the 
 "great guns" for one hour, or one hour and a half, or 
 perhaps in infantry drill, or in practical seamanship, 
 including exercises with boats, the lead, log, etc. Even- 
 ing Parade intervenes, and after supper the fourth class 
 are called to their studies a2:ain at about seven or ten 
 minutes before eight o'clock, according to the season. 
 Tattoo, 9.30 p. m. Taps, 9.53 p. m. 4 bells, 10 p. m. 
 
 TATTOO."^ 
 
 At the call, the midshipmen will neatly arrange 
 their books and papers, place their chairs under their 
 desks, and at gun-fire will form by crews, as at even- 
 ing studies, when the officer in charge will inspect 
 the study-tables, the superintendents accompanying 
 him, and at close of the inspection, handing in their 
 reports to, and falling in, to rear of the officer in 
 charge. 
 
 Tlie adjutant will then give the order ''beat the? re- 
 treat ;" when the retreat is beaten, he will give the 
 order " battalion, right face, break ranks, march. '^ 
 
 The midshipmen will prepare to retire to their ham- 
 
 * Routine Book on board tlie Constitution. 
 
80 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 mocks, or will amuse themselves, but at " taps" they 
 must all turn in, and all noise must cease at four bells. 
 Captains are charged with the execution of this order 
 in their crews. 
 
 At four bells, the officer of the day and the master- 
 at-arms will go around the gun-deck, study room, and 
 berth-deck, see all study room windows, study and 
 recitation room doors closed, and all liglits out, except 
 that forward of main-mast, on berth-deck and cabin 
 bulkhead, and will report to the officer in charge, at 
 his office, who will then give them permission to turn 
 in. The officer of the day will then place his journal, 
 written up and signed, together with the routine re- 
 port, in the office of the officer in charge. 
 
 During the night, the quarter-master of the watch 
 will every hour visit all parts of the ship, and see that 
 there are no signs of fire, and that the lights and 
 steam connections are secure. 
 
 ETIQUETTE.* 
 
 The midshipmen will not use the steerage ladders; 
 the after ladder from the gun-deck, the starboard poop 
 ladder, the starboard side of the poop, quarter-deck, or 
 gangway abaft No. 2 recitation room ; they are par- 
 ticularly enjoined to keep the starboard gangway clear. 
 
 * Routine Book on tlie Constitution. 
 
NAVAL ACADEMY. 81 
 
 The etiquette of the quarter-deck will be strictly ob- 
 served. Officers on coming up the quarter-deck lad- 
 ders will make the salute. No running, skylarking, 
 boisterous conduct, or loud talking, will be permitted 
 on the quarter-deck or poop. The midshipmen will 
 never appear on the gun-deck or quarter-deck without 
 their caps^ jackets, and cravats. They will, in ascend- 
 ing and descending the ladders, avoid the heavy step 
 upon them which is made by shore people ; when 
 absent in boats they will yield implicit and prompt 
 obedience to their captains, or those placed in charge. 
 
 It is particularly forbidden to get out of, or into the 
 ship, through the ports, or to sit on the rail of the 
 ship. 
 
 No one is permitted to go out on the head-booms 
 
 during study hours, or to go aloft, without authorized 
 
 permission. No one is permitted to go or come from 
 
 the berth-deck during study hours, by any other than 
 
 the main-hatch ladders. The midshipmen are forbidden 
 
 to sit upon the study tables. 
 6 
 
 ^ 
 
82 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 CHAPTEE XIII. 
 
 NAYAL AND MILITARY ORaANIZATION OF THE MIDSHIP- 
 MEN.— WATCHMEN. — UNIFORM. — LAWRENCE LITERARY 
 SOCIETY.— HOPS AND BALLS. 
 
 The first in command at the' Naval Academy is, of 
 course, the Superintendent, the second in command is 
 the Commandant of Midshipmen, and the next in order 
 is the Officer in Charge, who is a lieutenant, one of 
 the academic assistants detailed temporarily to attend, 
 " especially, to the discipline of the Academy. When 
 the battalion of acting midshipmen is formed, at parade, 
 or on other occasions, the Adjutant, who is the highest 
 officer of the acting midshipmen, is next in command 
 to the Officer in Charge, and these two take their 
 position a few paces in front of the battalion. Tlie 
 Officer of the Day is an acting midshipman, who assists 
 the naval Officer in Charge in the details of the police 
 and discipline. There are also acting midshipmen who 
 serve as superintendents of floors, and maintain order 
 in their respective quarters. It has been already men- 
 
NAVAL ACADEMY. 83 
 
 tioned that there are ten guns' crews of acting midship- 
 men, which are commanded by Captains, a mode of 
 dividing the corps which is very important in exercis- 
 ing at the guns, and in drilling. 
 
 Men are also employed in the capacity of watchmen 
 about the grounds of the Academy, and there is not 
 60 much reliance, in matters of discipline, upon senti- 
 nels who are selected from the students, as there is in 
 the Military Academy at West Point. This is, un- 
 doubtedly, the weakest feature in the West Point sys- 
 tem. The greatest evil of all, in that institution, is the 
 frequent absence of the young gentlemen from cadets' 
 limits, and this is sometimes, of course, accompanied 
 with midnight revelry and intoxication, an evil which 
 could not exist, in any degree, except through the con- 
 nivance of the cadet sentinels. Nearly all college pro- 
 fessors and other instructors will testify that it is folly 
 to intrust discipline too much to the students. There 
 is a romantic esprit du corps among the young men in 
 these institutions, whi<ih unfits them absolutely for 
 such duties. In regard, therefore, to the employment 
 of watchmen, the West Point Academy can learn much 
 from her younger sister, the Naval Academy. It is 
 evident that the latter institution has borrowed many 
 features from the systems of the former, but, in this par- 
 ticular she can repay the debt. 
 
84 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 The regulations in regard to uniform are as follows, 
 viz. : — 
 
 All officers attached to the Academy, or practice-ship, 
 shall wear their undress uniforms at all times while on 
 duty, unless the Superintendent should, on any occa- 
 sion, direct the officers to appear in some other par- 
 ticular kind of uniform prescribed for their respective 
 grades. 
 
 The uniform of an acting midshipman shall consist 
 of a jacket of dark blue cloth, double-breasted, with 
 side-pockets, rolling-collar, nine small navy -buttons on 
 each breast, and a gold foul-anchor on each side of the 
 collar. Cap^ same as that prescribed for midshipman, 
 except the gold-lace band ; instead of which, a silver 
 foul-anchor over the vizor is to be worn. Yest^pantor 
 loons^ and other articles of under-dress^ and the regu- 
 lations for hair, beard, and whiskers, the same as for 
 midshipman. Overcoat^ as now authorized for mid- 
 shipman, with the exception of the buttons on the 
 cuffs. 
 
 A service or fatigue dress, of the same color and 
 form, but of coarser and stronger fabric ; jumpers of 
 blue flannel, pantaloons of blue flannel, and straw hats 
 and white jackets, may be worn when authorized by 
 the Superintendent. 
 
 Changes of clothing from blue to white, or the 
 
I 
 
 NAVAL ACADEMY. * 85 
 
 reverse, suggested by different seasons of the year, 
 are not to be made by stndents until directed by the 
 Superintendent. 
 
 Students appointed to act as officers of crews, com- 
 panies, etc., shall wear such badges as designation on 
 the sleeves of the jacket as the Superintendent may 
 prescribe. 
 
 Ko student shall be allowed to keep, or to wear 
 within the walls of the Academy, or in the city of An- 
 napolis, or its immediate vicinity, any article of cloth- 
 ing, or wearing apparel, not permitted to be worn with, 
 or as a part of, his uniform. 
 
 In a history of the Naval Academy, some allusion, 
 although brief, should be made to tlie amusements of 
 the acting midshipmen. Among these may be men- 
 tioned, first, the exercises of a voluntary association, 
 the Lawrence Literary Society, which was named after 
 Captain James Lawrence, whose dying words, '' Don't 
 give up the ship," are so well known. This society 
 was founded by the graduating class of 1S58. Its 
 meetings have been discontinued, lately, on account 
 of the diminished numbers who have recentlv been in 
 attendance at the Academy. Practice with the boats 
 " afloat," generally furnishes, of course, much recrea- 
 tion for the young gentlemen, and, besides the amuse- 
 ments of such a character, tliey receive permission from 
 
86 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 the Superintendent, during the spring and autumn, 
 also, to entertain their friends at extemporized dancing 
 parties which are known as " hops." 
 
 It has already been mentioned that a Naval Ball was 
 given, w^th great eclat^ during the first winter after the 
 establishment of the school at Annapolis, and, from 
 this as a precedent, it has become a custom at the 
 Academy to give such a ball, each year, generally near 
 the holidays. This is a joyous season for the naval 
 cadets, — we shall not venture on a description of the 
 gay scene. Banners and trophies captured in blood, 
 on many a sea, adorn the walls, the Marine Band is 
 there discoursing sweet music and 
 
 " There is a sound of revelry bj night, 
 And Academia doth gather then 
 Her beauty and her chivalry, and bright 
 
 The lamps shine o'er fair women and brave men." 
 
NAVAL ACADEMY. 87 
 
 CHAPTEE XIY. 
 
 SKETCHES.— CAPTAIN BUCHANAN.— COMMANDER UPSHUK. 
 
 —CAPTAIN STRIBLING. 
 
 Captain Franklin Buchanan, the first Superinten- 
 dent of the Naval Academy, has ahvaj^s borne the 
 highest character as an accomplished officer. He is a 
 native of Maryland, and he entered the service in the 
 year 1815. When the important duty of organizing 
 the Naval School at Annapolis was confided to him by 
 the Hon. George Bancroft, he was yet a young man, 
 being then about thirty years of age, and his rank was 
 that of commander. Mr. Bancroft had, himself, been 
 connected in early life as an instructor with institutions 
 of learning, and he w^as an excellent judge of the quali- 
 fications of the professors and officers whom he selected 
 for the academic staff at Annapolis. Commander Bu- 
 chanan entered upon his duties as Superintendent, as 
 we have seen, in August, 1845, and he continued in 
 charge of the Naval School about two years. All par- 
 ties of that day, the Secretary of the Navy, the public 
 
88 HISTOKY OF THE 
 
 journalists, and others, bear testimony to the skill, 
 ability and success with which lie discharged the diffi- 
 cult duties of his office. Pie was relieved in March, 
 1847, and was ordered to the sloop-of-war Germantown. 
 
 He has been since in various responsible positions, 
 the last of which, in 1860, was that of commandant of 
 th« Navy Yard in Washington. At the time the pres- 
 ent difficulties arose with the seceding states. Captain 
 Buclianan, in an unguarded moment, sent in his resig- 
 nation to the Navy Department, which was accepted, 
 but it is stated that he has since deeply regretted hav- 
 ing taken such a step. The entire period of his service 
 in the United States Navy was about forty-six years. 
 
 Commander George P. Upshur was a native of Vir- 
 ginia, and a kinsman of the Hon. A. P. Upshur, who 
 was the Secretary of the Navy during the administra- 
 tion of Harrison and Tyler from 1841 to 1845. Com- 
 mander Upshur entered the service in 1818. He was 
 ordered to the Naval School as its Superintendent in 
 March, 1847, he discharged the duties of his office sat- 
 isfactorily for three years, and his next orders were to 
 join the Mediterranean Squadron. He died on board 
 the sloop of war Levant at Spezzia, on the third of 
 November, 1852. 
 
 Captain C. K. Stribling is a native of South Carolina ; 
 there are members of his family, also, resident in Fau- 
 
NAVAL ACADEMY. 89 
 
 quier County, Virginia, which is the home of the 
 descendants of the late Chief Justice Marshall. Cap- 
 tain Stribling's original entry into the service was in 
 the year 1812. He served as a midshipman and after- 
 wards as a lieutenant on board the frigate Constellation, 
 commanded by Captain Crane, which was in the Medi- 
 terranean for three or four years previous to 1820, when 
 the frigate made a cruise along the eastern coast of 
 South America. He was then on duty, for two years, 
 on board the United ^States, and was ordered, some time 
 in 1822, to the sloop of war Peacock under Commander 
 Cassin. The Sea Gull, John Adams, Peacock, Hornet, 
 Spark, Grampus, Shark, eight small schooners, five 
 barges, and one transport, formed the squadron com- 
 manded by Commodore Porter at this time, a flotilla 
 stationed in the West Indies, and the Gulf of Mexico, 
 for the protection of trade and the suppression of acts 
 of piracy which were frequent in those seas. Com- 
 mander Cassin, who was then off Havana, made his 
 report in April, 1823, to Commodore Porter, of an action 
 which had resulted in the capture of the " noted pirat- 
 ical schooner Pilot," by Lieutenant Stribling in com- 
 mand of the Gallinipper and another small vessel, an 
 exploit which gave Commander Cassin " great satisfac- 
 tion." 
 
 Lieutenant Stribling's own account of the captm'e is 
 
90 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 as follows:^ — "At 7 a. m. I discovered a schooner about 
 three miles to the eastward, of a suspicious appearance, 
 and immediately gave chase ; the stranger was appar- 
 ently full of men and sweeping in shore. At 8h. 15m. 
 I fired two muskets to bring the chase to. On firing 
 the second gun, she commenced firing with round, and 
 grape and musketry. We returned it with our mus- 
 kets, at the same time making every exertion to get 
 along-side of her; at 8.30 the schooner gained the 
 shore ; in an instant we were on board of her, and suc- 
 ceeded in getting on shore. We secured one man, and 
 found two of her crew killed, — one on board, the other 
 on shore. We have every reason, however, to believe 
 that several were wounded. I landed the marines with 
 some of the seamen, but the thickness of the under- 
 wood rendered it imprudent to pursue them. We got 
 off the schooner, — late the Pilot, of Norfolk, without 
 her sustaining any material injury. I am happy to 
 state that not one of our men was injured, — this I con- 
 sider the more remarkable and providential, as the 
 pirates had every advantage in being in a large vessel, 
 where they could load and fire with quickness and cer- 
 tainty." The schooner at first hoisted Spanish colors; 
 her complement was thirty-six men. 
 
 The arms found on board were a long twelve-pounder, 
 
 ♦ American State Papers, Naval Affairs, ToL L, p. 1109. 
 
NAVAL ACADEMY. 91 
 
 a good supply of blunderbusses, and other weapons of 
 various kinds. It is probable that many of the pirates 
 were severely wounded, as the captain was seen after- 
 wards at Matanzas, and he then declared that all of the 
 crew but three were killed. His name was Domino-o, 
 a well known character. He had some ideas of pro- 
 priety left, for when the Pilot was captured, but eight 
 days previously, he found on board a number of letters 
 for Commodore Porter's squadron which he took care 
 to forward, courteously, to their destination. On the 
 28th and 30th of September, in the former year. Cap- 
 tain Cassin had captured five piratical vessels. Com- 
 modore Porter was able to report, at the end of the 
 year, that all the haunts of pirates in those seas, had 
 been entirely broken up. 
 
 Captain Stribling was on the West India station 
 about three years, and after a short period passed on 
 shore, on leave of absence, he served again for three 
 years, from 1828, in the Pacific Squadron, on board 
 the sloop of war Vincennes. He was afterwards em- 
 ployed a few years in the ordnance department, and 
 finally, from 18-1:2 to 1845, and, perhaps, during a few 
 later years he commanded the Cyane and the Falmouth 
 in the Pacific Squadron. In 18-19, he was on board 
 the flag-sliip Ohio, as Fleet Captain in the Pacific. He 
 discharged the duties very acceptably, as we have ai- 
 
92 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 ready seen from 1850 to 1853, of tlie Superintendent 
 of the Naval Academy. 
 
 His most important service during the last few years 
 has been rendered as Flag Officer of the East India 
 Squadron, from which command he has just been or- 
 dered home, the necessities of the Government having 
 compelled the withdrawal for home service of the East 
 India, Mediterranean, Brazil, and African Squadrons. 
 Upon taking leave of this station, a meeting of Amer- 
 ican merchants was held at Hong Kong on the twenty- 
 fourth of July, 1861, at which resolutions were passed 
 complimentary to Flag Officer Stribling and Com- 
 mander Kadford, expressing "high esteem for their 
 personal character and their appreciation of the man- 
 ner in which their responsible duties have been dis- 
 charged." The resolutions refer also to " their enlarged 
 and patriotic view of their duty in the present state of 
 American affairs," and commend their loydty and the 
 good faith displayed by them. Captain Stribling is 
 true to his flag and his country to the last, a brave 
 officer and an honest man. 
 
NAVAL ACADEMY. 93 
 
 CHAPTER XY. 
 
 CAPTAIN GOLDSBOROUaH.— CAPTAIN BLAKE. 
 
 CAPTArN" Lewis M. Goldsborough is a native of tlie 
 District of Columbia, and a son, we believe, of the late 
 Hon. Charles W. Goldsborough, who was formerly 
 Governor of Maryland, and was, also, for many years, 
 the Secretary to the Board of Commissioners for 'the 
 Navy in "Washington. Captain Goldsborough first 
 entered the service in 1812. He was on board the 
 seventy-four gun ship Franklin, in the Mediterranean, 
 as a midshipman, under Captain Charles Stewart, for 
 about four years previous to 1821. He was also with 
 Captain Warrington, a short period, on the Guerriere. 
 From 1822 to 1824 he was on duty again, on board tlie 
 Franklin, in the Pacific, protecting our extensive whale 
 trade and commerce in those seas, and he assisted after- 
 wards in the survey of the coast, near Pensacola and 
 Tampa Bay, Florida. He enjoyed now a short respite 
 on shore, and he then served for about three years, in 
 the Mediterranean, on board the schooner Porpoise. 
 
 In 1832, he was placed in charge of the chronometers 
 
94 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 and charts of the department at Washington. He also 
 served, about this time, in the Portsmouth Navy Yard, 
 and in December, 1846, he vras ordered to the com- 
 mand of the seventy-four gun ship Ohio, which bore 
 also Fleet Captain Stringham, and was preparing for 
 service in the Pacific. Before sailing thither, however, 
 they were first dispatched to the Gulf and participated 
 in the capture of Vera Cruz, and Tuspan, and in other 
 engagements. In 1849 he was on special duty in Cali- 
 fornia and Oregon, and for four years from 1853, a 
 longer term than that of any of his predecessors, he 
 disdiarged successfully the duties of Superintendent of 
 the Naval Academy. He was recently in service in 
 the Brazilian Squadron, commanding the fiag-ship, the 
 frigate Congress, until the squadron was ordered home. 
 The Congress arrived in August, 1861, and joined the 
 blockading squadron in the Gulf. 
 
 After the brilliant achievements of the naval force 
 dispatched against the forts at Hatteras Inlet, on the 
 twenty-eighth of August, 1861, under command ,of 
 Flag Oflicer Stringham, this veteran in the service 
 asked to be relieved from the command of the Atlantic 
 Squadron, which request was complied with by the 
 Secretary of the Navy. The squadron was then di- 
 vided, and Captain L. M. Goldsborough was placed in 
 command of the northern division, embracing the 
 
NAVAL ACADEMY. 95 
 
 coasts of Yirglnia and Xortli Carolina, and Captain S. 
 F. Dupont, over the southern division, which includes 
 South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. Captain Golds- 
 borough commanded the fleet at the attack on Roanoke 
 Island which, with the assistance of the land forces 
 under General Burnside, resulted so favorably. His 
 broad pennant floats upon the breeze now, along those 
 shores, a terror to rebel enemies, and a signal of union, 
 of peace, and of prosperity to loyal citizens. 
 
 The triumph of our arms at Roanoke Island has 
 imparted new lustre to the name of Commodore 
 Goldsborough, and conferred additional glory upon 
 American arms. And here we must remember that 
 the skilful firing of the naval cadets, was also an im- 
 portant element of success in that engagement. Hat- 
 teras. Port Royal, Roanoke, Forts Henry and Donel- 
 son, bear witness both to the superior skill of the 
 older ofiicers, and to the scientific practice at the guns 
 of the graduates of the Naval Academy. This Acad- 
 emy is a product of the navy. It is the creation 
 solely of the scientific officers of the navy, who had 
 no similar institution to aid them in the study of nav- 
 igation and the art of war. Nevertheless, many of 
 the older officers, as well as the younger, are in this 
 day, bright ornaments to their profession and worthy- 
 defenders of their country's honor. 
 
96 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Captain George S. Blake is a native of AVorcester, 
 Massachusetts. He is the son of a distinguished advo- 
 cate at the bar, the late Francis Blake, Esq. He was 
 commissioned in the navy in 1818. His first service 
 as a midshipman was rendered from 1819, on board the 
 seventy-four gun ship Columbus, for three years, under 
 Captain William Bainbridge in the Mediterranean. In 
 1822, he served on board the brig Spark, carrying 
 twelve guns and commanded by Captain John H. 
 Elton, in the squadron which had been fitted out for 
 the protection of American commerce, and the sup- 
 pression of piracy in the West Indies and the Gulf of 
 Mexico. The Spark succeeded, in January of tliat 
 year, in recapturing from the pirates a Dutch sloop, 
 which had been seized and converted by them into a 
 piratical craft. A prize crew of seven men was put 
 on board of her and she was sent into Charleston, 
 South Carolina. 
 
 On his return from the West Indies in 1823, Mid- 
 sliipman Blake enjoyed a furlough for a few years, and 
 it is probable, that the oj)portunity was seized to give 
 some further attention to his studies, and complete 
 more fully his professionai education. In 1827, he 
 was promoted to a lieutenancy, and his next station 
 was in the West Indies. In 1830 and 1831, he was 
 on board the Java in the Mediterranean. On the re- 
 
NAVAL ACADEMY. 97 
 
 tiinr of the Java from that station, her commander 
 was dh'ected, in furtherance of the humane policy of 
 the government, to touch at Liberia, and aid in en- 
 forcing the laws enacted for the suppression of the 
 slave trade. Munitions of war and other supplies 
 were furnished to the governor of the colony, by order 
 of the Secretary of the ISTavy. Five mutineers were 
 received on board at Porto Praya, and brought home 
 to Norfolk for trial. 
 
 Lieutenant Blake was afterwards on leave, and at 
 the Philadelphia Navy Yard, for a few years, until 
 1836, when he entered upon one of the most import- 
 ant services of his life, which was rendered during a 
 period of about ten years upon the national Coast 
 Survey, under the superintendence at first, of the dis- 
 tinguished scholar Mr. F. P. Hassler, and, afterwards, 
 of the no less learned and distinguished gentleman, 
 Mr. Alexander Dallas Bache. Lieutenant Blake's 
 labors upon this survey were begun at Narragansett 
 Bay, Rhode Island, and afterwards in 1838, he com- 
 manded the schooner Experiment, in the survey of 
 the coast near New York. In 1842, he had charge 
 of a party on board the United States schooners Nau- 
 tilus and Gallatin, who were surveying the Delaware 
 Bay and river, in the course of which survev he dis- 
 5 
 
98 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 covered a new and safe ship channel, which had not 
 been laid down before on the chart.^ 
 
 In 18465 ^^ ^^^s relieved from duty, on the Coast 
 Survey, and assumed command of the brig Perry in 
 the Pacific. About two years afterwards, he was em- 
 ployed for a short period at the Navy Yard in Phila- 
 delphia, and in the Bureau of Construction. From 
 1850 to 1853, he served as Fleet Captain of the squad- 
 ron in the Mediterranean. He was then on duty for 
 two years again in the naval Bureau of Construction, 
 and afterwards for about two years, he was upon special 
 duty connected with the building of the war steamer 
 which was under contract with Mr. R. L. Stevens. 
 He was appointed the Superintendent of the Naval 
 Academy in 1857. He has been now forty-three 
 years and nine months in the service ; he is yet in the 
 vigor of manhood, and is well able, if his life be 
 spared, to add many more honorable deeds to this 
 already so brilliant a record. 
 
 * See Lieutenant Blake's report of this survey. Executive Docu- 
 ments, 18 11 - 1 5, vol. n.. Document 25. 
 
NAVAL ACADEMY. 99 
 
 CHAPTEE XYI. 
 
 PROFESSOR CHAUYENET.— BRIGADIER GENERAL LOCK- 
 WOOD. — PROFESSOR COFFIN. — PROFESSOR GIRAULT.— 
 PROFESSOR NOURSE.— PROFESSOR HOPKINS.— PROFESSOR 
 WLN^LOCK.— PROFESSOR SMITH. 
 
 Professor William Chauyenet was tlie Professor of 
 Mathematics at the organization of the Naval School 
 in 1845. He is a native of Pennsylvania. He was 
 commissioned a professor in the navy, on the eighth 
 of December, 1841, and was ordered for duty, to the 
 school for midshipmen, which was then held in the 
 naval asylum, in Philadelphia. At the time of his en- 
 tering upon his duties, there were but two professors, 
 Mr. Meiere and himself, and twenty-nine midshipmen. 
 The school was not at this period, a recognized institu- 
 tion ; it was merely a collection of midshipmen under 
 the instruction of teachers, and attached to the naval 
 asylum. It was opened at the asylum sometime in 
 the year 1840. Similar schools had been gathered 
 previously at other points ; there were, at one time, 
 naval schools at Xew York and Norfolk, and on board 
 many of the ships. It is evident that these schools, 
 
100 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 which were entirely deficient in organization, and aca- 
 demic staff and professorships, were quite unlike the 
 one established hj the Hon. George Bancroft in 1845, 
 at Annapolis. 
 
 Tlie selection of Professor Chauvenet for the de- 
 partment of mathematics in the institution then just 
 founded, was commended by a journalist of that day 
 in the following language :^ " Among those who have 
 been called to assist in opening and conducting the 
 new school, is -Professor Chauvenet, of Philadelphia, 
 a young gentleman, whose love and acquisition of 
 science and aptness to impart, gives assurance of the 
 continued progress of those submitted to his care." 
 It it said by his friends, that Professor Chauvenet 
 assisted much at an early period, in organizing the 
 systems of instruction, and shaping the destinies of 
 the school. He served in the departments of Mathe- 
 matics, and of Astronomy, and Is^avigation until the 
 year 1859, when he sought a furlough, and having 
 taken up his residence in St. Louis, Missouri, he has 
 since resigned his professorship in the Academy. He 
 is considered an able instructor, and he is the author 
 of one of the best treatises we have upon Trigonometry. 
 Although he is in retirement, he is not forgotten ; his 
 memory is still cherished in the hearts of his pupils, 
 
 * NHes' Register, voL LXIX. 
 
NAVAI. ACADEMY. 101 
 
 whose scientific attainments, applied now in the service 
 of their country, reflect back new honors upon their 
 teacher. 
 
 Professor Henry H. Lockwood was the Professor of 
 Natural Philosophy and Astronomy at the opening of 
 the Naval School in 1845. He is a native of the 
 state of Delaware, and was educated in the United 
 States Military Academy at West Point, at which in- 
 stitution he graduated in 1836, and was commissioned 
 a brevet second lieutenant of Artillery, on the first 
 of July in that year. He resigned from the army in 
 1837, and he was appointed a professor in the navy 
 on the fourth of November, 1841. He was ordered 
 to the Naval School in 1845, and he still holds in 
 the Academy the professorship of Field Artillery and 
 Infantry Tactics. It is evident that he possesses a 
 decided taste for the practical application of the art 
 of war, as well as undoubted patriotism, for in 1847, 
 he served with Commodore Jones as Adjutant of the 
 land forces at the taking of Monterey, California, and 
 during this unfortunate rebellion, he has drawn his 
 sword again in the cause of his country, and having 
 been excused temporarily from the duties of his pro- 
 fessorship, he was commissioned by the War Depart- 
 ment on the eighth of August last, a Brigadier-Gen- 
 eral of volunteers. He is now in command in Acco- 
 
102 HISTOKY OF THE 
 
 mac and Nortliampton counties, Virginia, which form 
 a division of the department under Major-General 
 Dix, and he has rendered efficient service, in dispers- 
 ing armed rebels and restoring those counties to their 
 allegiance. The United States Military and Naval 
 Academies, have both good reason to be proud of such 
 a representative. 
 
 Professor John H. C. Coffin is, by commission, the 
 oldest professor in the navy. He has been twenty- 
 five years in the service, of which five j^ears and eight 
 months have been spent at sea. In 1843 he was em- 
 ployed with the command of Lieutenant Powell, in 
 the survey of Tampa Bay, Florida, and of the coast 
 from Appalachicola to the Mississippi river. From 
 1845 to 1853, he was on duty at the National Obser- 
 vatory in Washington, and he was then ordered to the 
 Naval Academy. He is a distinguished scholar and 
 an able professor. 
 
 Professor^ Girault has administered with ability, 
 since the first organization of the school, the depart- 
 ment of instruction in the French language. This is, 
 by common consent, the language de tout le monde^ 
 and if its acquirement is valuable to the man of let- 
 ters, it is doubly so to the naval officer, who must 
 make use of the French as a voyager to foreign lands, 
 and as a student of the best works in all the sciences. 
 
NAVAL ACADEMY. 103 
 
 Professor Nourse lias given a liigli character to the 
 department of Ethics and English Studies, and such 
 subjects and text-books as the Constitution of the 
 United States ; Chancellor Kent on International Law ; 
 Wayland's Moral Science, and the History of the 
 United States, are evidence that this dej)artment is 
 esteemed as by no means of inferior importance in 
 forming the minds of naval officers. 
 
 The late Professor William F. Hopkins was a native 
 of Connecticut, and graduated at the West Point 
 Military Academy in 1825. He was commissioned in 
 the Artillery, he was an assistant professor of Chemis- 
 try, Mineralogy and Geology in the Military Acad- 
 emy, and he resigned from the army in 1836. He 
 was afterwards a professor at Georgetown, Kentucky, 
 Clarksville, Tennessee, and in William and Mary Col- 
 lege, Virginia. He resigned his professorship in the 
 Naval Academy in 1859, having been appointed* con- 
 sul to Kingston, Jamaica, and he died there soon after 
 going out. 
 
 Professor Winlock was in service for some years in 
 the Observatory at Cambridge, Massachusetts, and 
 was the compiler of* the Nautical Almanac. Professor 
 Smith was formerly, a distinguished member of the 
 faculty of Wesleyan University, Connecticut. 
 
104 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 CHAPTER XVII. 
 
 CAPTAIN CRA YEN.— OFFICERS AT PORT ROYAL.— IMPORT- 
 ANCE OF NAYAL AND MILITARY SCHOOLS.— OPINION OF 
 WASHINGTON.— WAR WITH A EUROPEAN POWER. 
 
 Captain Thomas T. Craven, was born in tlie Dis- 
 trict of Columbia ; he was appointed from the state 
 of 'New Hampshire. He is the son of Mr. Tunis 
 Craven, who was a native of New Jersey, and served 
 as a naval storekeeper for many years, at the Ports- 
 mouth and Brooklyn navy yards. Captain Craven's 
 original entry into the service was in the year 1822. 
 During a period of three or four years after 1823, he 
 served as a midshipman on board the frigate United 
 States, in the Pacific Ocean. In 1828 he was on leave 
 of absence, and he afterwards served again until 1830, 
 as a passed midshipman on board the Erie in the West 
 Indies. He was on leave again for a short period, 
 and he was then on duty for about three years from 
 1832, as the fii^st lieutenant on board the Boxer, on the 
 coasts of Brazil and India. After a short respite on 
 his return, he was- ordered in the summer of 1838 to 
 
NAVAL ACADEMY. 105 
 
 the Yincennes, as the lieutenant commandant, for ser- 
 vice with the Exploring Expedition, which was com- 
 manded by Captain Charles Wilkes of the United 
 States Navy. The Vincennes was the flag ship of 
 the Squadron. The expedition was absent four years, 
 during which period many islands in the Pacific, 
 which were before unknown, were visited, portions of 
 the western coast of America were surveyed, and 
 discoveries were made at the far South, which was 
 especially the field of exploration. Lieutenant Craven 
 w^as left at Valparaiso, on the sixth of June, 1839, to 
 take command of the Sea Gull, one of the vessels of 
 the squadron, but it was afterwards ascertained that 
 the Sea Gull had been lost near Cape Horn, about the 
 first of May in that year. By instructions received 
 from Captain Wilkes, Lieutenant Craven awaited the 
 arrival of the Sea Gull at Valparaiso four months, but 
 he did not afterwards attempt to follow the expedition, 
 w^hich was regarded by Captain Wilkes as '' impossi- 
 ble with any chance of success, nor could he devote 
 the time of any officer to so vague a prospect of ser- 
 vice." Lieutenant Craven was instrumental at this 
 time in saving from a watery grave the crew of a 
 Chilian vessel, and the honorable exploit was deemed 
 worthy of commendation by the Secretary of the 
 Navy, who addressed to him the following letter : 
 5* 
 
106 HISTORY OF thp: 
 
 "Navy Departjment, December 9thj 1839. 
 
 '' Sir : 
 
 " The Department has observed in the newspapers a 
 notice of your gallant and successful efforts in rescu- 
 ing a portion of the crew of the Chilian Sloop-of-war 
 Monteguedo, which, it appears, was wrecked in the 
 harbor of Valparaiso, during the gale of the 24th and 
 25th of July last. Although you have already en- 
 joyed the highest reward of your exertions, in the 
 success which crowned them, it would not do justice 
 to its own feelings, did it refrain from expressing to 
 you its admiration of the fearless self-devotion dis- 
 played by you on that occasion, and which is alike 
 honorable to yourself, to the service, and to your 
 country. 
 
 " I am yours very respectfully, 
 
 " J. K. Paulding."-^ 
 
 " To Lieutenant T. T. Craven." 
 
 Lieutenant Craven joined afterwards the Pacific 
 Squadron, and was transferred to the Schooner Boxer, 
 Lieutenant-Commandant Nicholson, which vessel made 
 a strict search for the Sea Gull, but the search was 
 fruitless. He served on the coast of Africa, on board 
 the frigate Macedonian, in 1843, and after an interval 
 of leave of absence and repose from active duty, he 
 
 * Wilkes' Exploring Expedition, vol. I., Appendix. 
 
NATAL ACADEMY. 107 
 
 was ordered in 1850, to the Kazee Independence, tlie 
 flag ship of the Mediterranean Squadron, under Cap- 
 tain George S. Blake, the Fleet Captain of the Squad- 
 ron. From 1851 to 1855, he was the Commandant of 
 Midshipmen and Instructor of seamanship, naval tac- 
 tics and practical gunnery in the Naval Academy. 
 
 During the three years following this period of ser- 
 vice at the Academy he commanded the frigate Con- 
 gress which was the flag-ship of the Mediterranean 
 Squadron, and he served afterwards, for two years, 
 until 1860, as the Commandant at the Academy. Cap- 
 tain Craven was then, for a short period, waiting orders, 
 until after the unfortunate issue of the engagement of 
 June twenty-seventh, 1861, at Matthias Point, Virginia, 
 which resulted in the death of Commander Ward, when 
 Captain Craven was appointed to succeed him as the 
 Flag Ofiicer of the Potomac flotilla. He was relieved 
 from this duty in the autumn of the same year and 
 was ordered to the command of the Brooklyn. Cap- 
 tain Craven's history is already interwoven, we have 
 seen, with that of his country, and is destined to form, 
 henceforth, we must believe, a bright page in the an- 
 nals of that country's glory. 
 
 Commander J. F. Green, formerly a Commandant 
 of Midshipmen at the Academy, was in command of 
 the sloop of war Jamestown, in the engagement of the 
 
108 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 seventli of November, 1861, at Port Royal, S. C. 
 Lieutenant 0. P. E. Rodgers, who was the Comman- 
 dant at the Academy m i860, was in immediate com- 
 mand of the Wabash, which was Captain Diipont's 
 flag-ship, and was foremost in the fight in that action. 
 Lieutenant Wyman commanded the Pawnee, which 
 suffered severely. Lieutenants Upshur, Luce, and 
 Matthews were on board the AVabash, Lieutenant 
 Cushman was the Executive Officer of the Pembina, 
 Lieutenant A. E. K. Benham was on board the Bien- 
 ville, Lieutenant Flusser was on the eTamestown, and 
 Lieutenant AVatmough was commander of the Curlew, 
 and all of them participated in that glorious vic- 
 tory. These officers have served in the Naval Acad- 
 emy as instructors, and many of them as pupils, 
 and they now render back to their country abundant 
 fruits of scientific culture as a return for her generous 
 bounty. 
 
 Occasionally, in former years, have short-sighted 
 statesmen, on the score of the expense, cavilled at the 
 policy of founding naval and military schools, and 
 perhaps this objection caused those numerous faihires 
 in attempting to establish a naval school which have 
 been described in the former part of this history, but 
 when we reflect, in this day, upon the wonderful revo- 
 lution which is being w^rought in the art of war, we 
 
KAVAL ACADEMY. 109 
 
 shall appreciate the necessity for such institutions to 
 impart a scientific education to officers and the danger 
 of neglecting to organize them upon the broadest and 
 most liberal basis. The fate of^ engagements, both on 
 sea and land is determined, now, by the calibre, and 
 accurate adjustment of heavy ordnance, by rifled can- 
 non, columbiads, and shrapnel, and no longer, or sel- 
 dom, by hand to hand encounters. It is a conflict 
 directly between science, on the one side, strong, and 
 armed with the best munitions of war, and a feebler 
 science on the other side, and woe to that nation who 
 fails, in the day of peace, to prepare for the hour of 
 battle. Steam, too, has annihilated space, and we are 
 now face to face as a people, with the mighty arma- 
 ments, the growth of centuries, and the well instructed 
 Sieves of the numerous schools of the old world. 
 
 When General Washington was endeavoring to pro- 
 vide, after the revolution, for a military peace estab- 
 lishment, and for the education of officers, he declared 
 in his last message to Congress that, "however pacific 
 the general policy of a nation may be, it ought never 
 to be without an adequate stock of military knowledge 
 for emergencies. The first, would impair the energy 
 of its character, and both, would hazard its safety, or 
 expose it to greater evils, when war could not be 
 avoided. Besides, that war might not often depend 
 
110 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 upon its own choice." Time lias fully tested the truth- 
 fulness of his remarks, and we must be prepared now 
 to meet these great changes in the art of war. Colonel 
 Delafield, the Chief of the Crimean Commission, al- 
 ludes to these changes. ''The immense resources 
 suddenly called into activity in the contest with Kussia 
 prove a facility for equipping forces beyond former 
 precedent, and to such an extent, as should lead us to 
 renew our study of this problem, and induce the au- 
 thorities of our country to reflect well upon the conse- 
 quences of wars with nations that can expend hun- 
 dreds of millions, and perfect immense naval and mili- 
 tary armaments with such remarkable rapidity. We 
 must admit the conclusion that a European power can 
 suddenly equip a large army, transport it on the ocean 
 three thousand miles, and maintain it in a hostile atti- 
 tude for a year and more.""^ 
 
 This line of argument which is applied by Colonel 
 Delafi>eld to the subject of coast defences proves, be- 
 yond the possibility of contradiction, the immense im- 
 portance of naval and military schools to the peace 
 and welfare of the nation. We must remember, too, 
 the eloquent language of the Hon. Mr. Bayard, the 
 former Senator from the State of Delaware, — that our 
 naval cadets will be '' the future commanders of a ser- 
 
 * Art of War in Europe, p. 56. 
 
NAVAL ACADEMY. Ill 
 
 vice in which they are to bear with honor the flag of 
 the nation, in peace and in war, at home or abroad, on 
 the high seas and in the ports of foreign nations, the 
 armed ambassadors of the country, who must be able 
 to fight and to negotiate, and whose duties require that 
 they should be familiar, not only with naval tactics and 
 the whole circle of nautical science, but also with the 
 principles of international law."^ Naval commanders, 
 in this age, should possess, therefore, as great accom- 
 plishments as the members of any of the recognized 
 professions. 
 
 * See page 17. 
 
112 HISTOKY OF THE 
 
 CHAPTEE XVIII. 
 
 THE FIRST TWO ASSISTANTS AT THE ACADEMY.— LIEUT. 
 SAMUEL MARCY.— CAPTAIN JAMES H. WARD.— '' FLAG 
 OF THE SEAS." 
 
 Lieutenant Samuel Marcy and Captain James H. 
 Ward were the first two assistants at the Naval Acad- 
 emy, and were present at its organization in 1845 ; the 
 former was then a passed midshipman, and the latter 
 a lieutenant,— ;/7'a^r^5 amho. 
 
 Lieutenant Marcy was a native of Troy, ISTew York, 
 and a son of the late Hon. William L. Marcy. He en- 
 tered the service in 1838, and he was on duty, at sea, 
 about thirteen vears. In 18'48 he was in the Pacific, 
 where he served two or three years, and after being re- 
 lieved at the Xaval Academy in 1856, he was, for three 
 years, a lieutenant on board the frigate Congress, the 
 flag-ship of the Mediterranean Squadron. In 1860, 
 he was an assistant again at the Academy ; then in 
 service on the Pawnee, which was in service before 
 Charleston, at the time of the storming of Fort 
 
NAVAL ACADEMY. 113 
 
 Sumter; and, finally, be was ordered to the frigate 
 Potomac, which has formed a part of the blockading 
 squadron, in the Gulf of Mexico, since July, 1861. 
 In Xovember, he was appointed to succeed Captain 
 Handy, in the command of the Vincennes, on duty at 
 the mouth of the Mississippi river, and he remained 
 in the efhcient discharge of his duties, on this station, 
 until the latter part of the month of January, 1862, 
 when the mournful tidinors was conveyed to his friends 
 
 O t/ 
 
 and the countrv, that a sad accident had terminated 
 his existence. 
 
 The circumstances attending his death are feelingly 
 described in the following letter, from the Acting 
 Gunner of the Yincennes, which exhibits also the 
 high regard which was entertained for Commander 
 Marcy, personally, by the men under his command : 
 
 ''UxiTED States Ship YixcExyES, Jan. 31, 1862. 
 " Capt. T. T. Craven, cammanding United States Steamer Brooklyn. 
 
 " Sir : Knowing your friendship for our late lament- 
 ed commander. Lieutenant Marcy, and your intimacy 
 with him, I have taken the liberty of acquainting you 
 with the particulars of the accident by which he was 
 injured, and from which he has lost his life. An in- 
 telligent gentleman, a gallant officer, and thorough 
 seaman, we deeply feel his loss, and know that you 
 and officers of the United States Xavv, with whom he 
 
Ill HISTORY OF THE 
 
 has heretofore sailed, will sympathize with us in onr 
 misfortune. At about four o'clock on Friday morning 
 last, Jan. 23, the look-out reported a light, which soon 
 proved to be a vessel on fire, apparently in the South- 
 east Pass of the Mississippi river, we then lying off 
 the Northeast Pass. After daylight. Captain Marcy 
 ordered out and armed the boats. I went in the 
 launch. Captain Marcy in the gig. We found the 
 vessel to be a barkantine, loaded with cotton, which 
 appeared to have grounded on the Southeast Pass, 
 while attempting to run the blockade, and the crew, 
 not being able to get her off, had fired and abandoned 
 her. Captain Marcy directed me to fire the howitzer 
 into her at the water-line, to sink her and put out the 
 fire. I had fired once, and was ready for the second 
 shot, when Captain Marcy ordered me to wait until he 
 came on board. He took the lock and fired seven 
 times, on the last of which the bolt, which secures the 
 first pivot clamp to the stern, being insufficiently 
 clinched, pulled out as the gun recoiled on the side, 
 and fell, jamming the Captain's thigh between it and 
 the thwart. He was calm and cool, seemed aware he 
 was badly injured, and gave directions to be taken on 
 board in his gig. The leg was carefully set and 
 dressed, and he seemed to be doing well. On Satur- 
 day he was comfortable, and fell asleep about eleven 
 
NAVAL ACADEMY. 115 
 
 o'clock that night, from which sleep or stupor he was 
 never thoroughly aroused. He was more or less in- 
 sensible, until about eleven o'clock on AVednesday 
 night, January 29, when he died. His body will be 
 sent home by the steamer Connecticut. I am, sir, 
 " Your obedient servant, 
 
 " William Wilson, 
 " Acting Gunner, United States Steamer Yincennes.'* 
 
 It is seen, from this communication, that Com- 
 mander Marcy lost his life in the service of his 
 country, and though he fell, surrounded not by the 
 carnage of battle, and " the pride, pomp, and circum 
 stance of glorious war," yet his death was no less 
 honorable ; he was in the path of duty. 
 
 His remains were brought to the city of New York, 
 and the funeral Services were celebrated in Calvary 
 Church, by the Rev. Dr. Hawks, on the twenty-third 
 of February, before a large assemblage of afflicted 
 friends. They were conveyed, afterwards, to Albany, 
 for interment. 
 
 We cannot estimate the loss of Commander Marcy. 
 One of the ablest and most accomplished men in the 
 navy, it is not easy to fill the place of such an officer. 
 To his reputation for gallantry and faithfulness, Sam- 
 uel Marcy added, we are told, the excellencies of the 
 
116 iiisTOKY OF Tiii;: 
 
 true Christian and the refined gentleman. We mourn 
 his deeease, now, with otliers who liave gone before. 
 Ward, too, is departed, and of these two assistants, 
 wlio were first in service at tlie opening of the Na- 
 val Academy, it is left for us only to say, in the 
 midst of our sorrowing, they were "lovely and pleas- 
 ant in their lives, and in their death, they were not 
 divided." 
 
 Commander James II. Ward, was the first Com- 
 mandant of IVIidshipmen at the Naval Academy. It 
 is true that this title was then unknown, nevertheless, 
 Lieutenant Ward discharged at that time the duties 
 which pertain to the office of Commandant. lie 
 entered the service in 1823. He was born in Hart- 
 ford, Connecticut, in the year 1806, and was the eldest 
 eon of the late Colonel James Ward, a gentleman of 
 great respectibility in that city. Tlie family of Wards 
 in Connecticut, is a very ancient and honorable one. 
 They are descended from Andrew Ward, who came to 
 New England in company with Governor Winthrop, 
 and became afterwards a distinguished citizen of the 
 colony of Connecticut. lie died at Fairfield in 1659. 
 He was a grandson of Thomas Ward, Lord of the 
 manor of Bacons in Qorlston, Suffolk count}^, Eng- 
 land. The Ward family of England has enjoyed 
 many titles. The Viscounty Dudley and Ward be- 
 
ITAVAL ACADEMY. 117 
 
 came extinct in 1833. William Ward is now Baron 
 of Birmingham county, Warwick, the eleventh lord 
 of this succession.'^ 
 
 James H. Ward, the subject of this sketch, received 
 his earliest education at the grammar school in Hart- 
 ford. He was transferred thence, to the care of a 
 well-known West Point scholar, Captain Alden Part- 
 ridge, whose military school was successfully estab- 
 lished at that time in Norwich, Vermont. After en- 
 joj^ing for a considerable period the instruction of 
 Captain Partridge, young Ward received while he 
 was a member of the school, his warrant as a midship- 
 man in the United States Xavy. His first service 
 was on board the frigate Constitution, for about four 
 years in the Mediterranean, under the distingiaished 
 Commodore McDonongh. After his return from this 
 duty, he was on leave of absence about a year, and he 
 availed himself of this opportunity to complete his 
 education by studying in the partial course at Wash- 
 ington, now Trinity college, Hartford. After his ex- 
 amination in 1829, he was enrolled as a passed mid- 
 shipman, and in the following year, having been pro- 
 moted to a lieutenancy, he was ordered to the sloop 
 of war Concord, for service in. the Mediterranean under 
 Master-Commandant M. C. Perr}\ The Concord left 
 
 * Burke's Peerage. 
 
118 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Hampton Eoads in the latter part of June, 1830, and 
 conveyed to Russia on lier voyage out, the Hon. John 
 Randolpli, the Minister Plenipotentiary for the United 
 States at the Court of St. Petersburg. 
 
 Lieutenant Ward served at this time three years in 
 the Mediterranean, and after a short leave of absence, 
 in the West Indies again for three years more. He 
 was afterwards on board the steamship Fulton, and he 
 was then on duty about three years in the Navy Yard 
 at Washington. In 1840, he was ordered to the brig 
 Dolphin, for service on the coast of Africa. The Hon. 
 J. K. Paulding, the Secretary of the Navy, reports 
 that the Dolphin, under the command of Lieutenant 
 Bell, and the schooner Grampus, commanded by Lieu- 
 tenant Paine, were employed on the coast of Africa, 
 in the suppression of the slave-trade. They returned 
 at the commencement of the sickly season, and after- 
 wards sailed again to the same station. The traffic in 
 slaves was then carried on upon an extensive scale, 
 and principally under Portuguese colors. Slave sta- 
 tions were established on the coast at different points, 
 under the protection of the neigliboring chiefs, who 
 furnished the slaves, and received in return goods 
 which were manufactured in England expressly for 
 this purpose ; and at these stations the slaves were 
 collected, until an opportunity offered for the slaver 
 
NAVAL ACADEMY. 119 
 
 to approach the land under cover of the night, and 
 receive them on board. 
 
 The Secretary of the Navy reported that the Dol- 
 phin and Grampus rendered efficient service in the 
 suppression of the traffic, and in the protection of 
 American citizens, who were engaged in commerce 
 on the coast. The officers and crews suffered severely, 
 however, from the diseases of the climate. Lieuten- 
 ant Ward was among the number who were prostrated 
 by the coast fever, and his life was despaired of, but 
 he recovered finally, and was able to visit his native 
 land again, and prolong still further an honorable 
 career in the navy of the United States. 
 
 Lieutenant Ward was attached to the Naval Acad- 
 emy as an Assistant, at its first organization by the 
 Hon. George Bancroft in 1845, an appointment wliicli 
 was certainly honorable to himself and corroborative 
 of the opinion often expressed, that Lieutenant Ward 
 was one of the best educated officers in the service. 
 After leaving the Naval Academy, in 1847, he served 
 on board the frigate Cumberland, and afterwards, 
 commanded the steamer Yixen of the Home Squad- 
 ron. He was then on shore a few years, until 1855, 
 when he assumed command of the sloop Jamestown, 
 which was then the flag-ship of the African Squadron. 
 He remained on the coast of Africa, at this time. 
 
120 HISTORY OF TfilJ 
 
 about three years, during which period he assisted 
 in capturing several slavers, and proved himself an 
 efficient commander* 
 
 On his return to the United States, after enjoying a 
 period of repose from active duty, he assumed com- 
 mand, in 1858, of the North Carolina, the receiving 
 ship at the Navy Yard in Brooklyn, and he continued 
 in this command, until open hostilities were threatened 
 by the states which were in rebellion against the gov- 
 ernment established by Washington, Hamilton, Madi- 
 son and Franklin, and then Commander Ward was 
 among tlie first to offer himself for service in defence 
 of the Constitution and tlie Union. He had Ions; been 
 fond of experimenting with heavy ordnance, he was 
 a ripe scholar in naval science, and had studied the 
 latest theories and inventions in the art of war. He 
 was on terms of friendlv intercourse with the dis- 
 tinguished Sir Howard Douglas, of the British Navy, 
 and he corresponded with him often upon toJ)ics in 
 which both were deeply interested. 
 
 Commander Ward was also an author of considera- 
 ble distinction. He has published the well known 
 works. Steam for the Million, a popular treatise on 
 steam and its applications to the useful arts, especially 
 to navigation, — a Manual of Naval Tactics, containing 
 also an analysis of modern naval battles, and an ele- 
 
NAVAL ACADEMY. 121 
 
 mentary work upon Naval Ordnance and Gunnery. 
 His analysis of naval battles has been pronounced 
 masterly, by officers of the British Navy. As soon 
 as acts of violence were perpetrated by the seceding 
 states, Captain Ward addressed a letter to Mr. Toucey, 
 the Secretary of the Navy, proposing a plan for the 
 defence of the Potomac, and asked that he might be 
 permitted to organize and command a flotilla for this 
 service. He was summoned soon afterwards to Wash- 
 ington, for consultation with Mr. Toucey and General 
 Scott, with reference to provisioning Fort Sumter. 
 He presented his plan for accomplishing this object, 
 and it was received with such favor, that General Scott 
 gave his promise that his plan should be adopted if 
 any attempt were made to provision the fort. 
 
 The Hon. Gideon Welles, who is now Secretary of 
 the Navy, decided to summon Commander Ward for 
 service in defence of the Potomac, and upon the 
 recommendation of the latter, early in May, the Thomas 
 Freeborn and three other propellers of light draught 
 were purchased and fitted out as gunboats. The flo- 
 tilla sailed from the Navy Yard in Brooklyn, on the 
 sixteenth of May, 1861, and its departure called forth 
 hearty cheers from the men who had served under 
 Commander Ward on board the North Carolina, and 
 from the officers of the yard and others assembled on 
 6 
 
122 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 tlie wharf. His first action, on arriving in the Chesa- 
 peake, was the silencing of the rebel battery at Sew- 
 all's Point, on the eighteenth of May, and two prizes 
 were captured on his way up the river. The zeal and 
 energy displayed by Commander Ward on the Poto- 
 mac, have been universally acknowledged, and it is 
 said that the plans for the defence of the river which 
 were submitted by him to the Navy Department, 
 exliibited marked ability. " Great service has been 
 rendered," writes Mr. Secretary Welles, "by this armed 
 force, which has been vigilant in intercepting supplies, 
 and in protecting transports and vessels in their pas- 
 sage up and down the Potomac." 
 
 It was urged upon the government at this time, by 
 Commander Ward, that military forces shcuild be detail- 
 ed for the construction of batteries at prominent points 
 on the river, and had this suggestion been adopted, it 
 is claimed by his friends now, that the navigation of 
 the Potomac would have remained unobstructed. The 
 skill and vigilance of Captain Ward prevented the com- 
 pletion of fortifications by the rebels at Acquia Creek, 
 and at other places on the river, and finally he deter- 
 mined upon the construction himself of a battery on 
 Matthias Point, at which the river is narrow, and a bat- 
 tery if completed there and properly furnished with 
 guns, would control the navigation of the Potomac. 
 
NAVAL ACADEMY. 123 
 
 Accordingly, on the twenty-seventh of June, he 
 landed in boats a party of twenty-five men, who were 
 provided with shovels and other implements for the 
 work. Pickets were immediately tlirown out, who re- 
 mained undisturbed until late in the afternoon, when 
 the party was ordered to return to the Freeborn. At 
 this time they were fired upon from the tliickets, on 
 the right and left of the work upon which they had 
 been engaged. Thej retreated hastily to the boats, 
 but kept up a fire in return for the space of half an 
 hour. A seaman named Williams, held the United 
 States flag, and became therefore, a target for the 
 enemy. He received a bad flesh wound in the thigh. 
 The rebel troops were commanded, it is understood, 
 by Major Mears, a son-in-law of Captain Buchanan. 
 They numbered about five or six hundred. The men 
 in retreating attempted to gain the boats, but did not 
 all succeed, and many, endeavoring to swim, were 
 drowned. A fire was opened immediately from the 
 bow gun of the Freeborn to cover the retreat, but the 
 gunner was soon wounded in the thigh with a musket 
 ball, when Captain Ward himself, advanced and took 
 charge of the piece. He was in the act of aiming, 
 when a shot from the rebels struck him in the abdo- 
 men. The wound proved fatal ; he died in about one 
 hour afterwards. The firing was continued, however, 
 
124 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 on board the Freeborn, and tlie rebels were dispersed. 
 It is supposed that their loss was severe. About 
 thirty shells fell into their camp, burned and destroyed 
 their stores, and compelled an abandonment of the 
 ground. 
 
 A universal gloom hung over the country on the 
 reception of the news of the death of tliis brave and 
 accomplished commander. His noble conduct in vol- 
 unteering for service on the Potomac, as well as his 
 previous career, had endeared him- to a large circle 
 of friends in the Capital of the nation, at the Naval 
 Academy, in New York and in Hartford, and high 
 hopes were entertained for him. These fond hopes 
 and anticipations were now silenced by the pale visi- 
 tant. Death. His friends remark that they might have 
 expected such a result, for where the post of danger 
 was, there Ward would surely be found. Noble ex- 
 ample ! This was the spirit of the heroes of 1812. 
 It is said that it was a maxim among the officers in 
 that war, never to send men where they dared not go 
 themselves. 
 
 The body of Captain Ward arrived in New York on 
 Sunday, the thirtieth of June, and was conveyed to 
 the North Carolina at the Navy Yard in Brooklyn. 
 Here it lay in state and w^as visited by large numbers 
 of citizens. The remains were transferred on Monday 
 
NAVAL ACADEMY. 125 
 
 to the steamboat Granite State, and the following was 
 the order of the funeral procession : 
 
 Marine Escort, Band, Dr, Abernethy, U. S. K^. ; 
 Commander Meade, Commander Gansevoort, Com- 
 mander Foote, Captain Ringgold, Commander Hull, 
 pall-bearers ; Family, Captain Ward's Crew, including 
 sailors and marines ; Commander Meade's Gig's Crew, 
 Korth Carolina's Shij^'s Company, Volunteer Company, 
 Revenue Officers, Naval officers. 
 
 Among the naval officers in the procession were 
 Commodore Breese, Commandant of the yard, Lieuten- 
 ants Almy, Woolsey, Henry, the officers of the yard 
 and of the ships lying there. Naval Constructor Delano, 
 the Paymasters and clerks of the post.*^ 
 
 Captain Ringgold, United States Navy, Lieutenant 
 Huntington, with the marines, and Captain Ward's 
 Gig's Crew, went on the boat with the corpse to Hart- 
 ford. 
 
 When the steamer reached that city, the body was 
 conveyed under the escort to St. Patrick's Cathe- 
 dral, and High Mass was solemnized, after wdiich 
 ceremony the remains were removed to the Capitol and 
 lay in state in the Court Room until four o'clock. His 
 Bword, uniform and flag were placed upon the coffin, 
 
 * The author would acknowledge his indebtedness to Mr. Ripley, of 
 the Evening Post, foi* this description of the funeral procession.. 
 
126 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 banners and signals of grief luing in festoons about 
 the room, and weeping friends gathered in crowds 
 around the beloved dead. A numerous procession of 
 soldiery and citizens bore him away to his last resting 
 place. The tolling bells, the muHled drum, the funereal 
 mnsic, the flags furled in mourning, the slow march, 
 all gave solemnity to the scene. The burial service, 
 according to the rites of the Church of England, was 
 pronounced, the Guard fired three volleys over him, — 
 so sleeps the hero ! So departs a noble spirit, chiv- 
 alrous to the last. 
 
 He met death in the discharge of duty. His zeal in 
 behalf of the flag of the Union knew no bounds. He 
 had been sheltered beneath that flag on many a sea, he 
 had seen it honored in all lands, and he was its sworn 
 defender, with his life, against every foe. "We tell 
 his doom without a sigh, — he is Freedom's now and 
 Fame's." He rests with the great and the brave of all 
 lands, — soldiers, and martyrs and heroes of old. So 
 dies the naval commander, in defence of the flag of his 
 country ! 
 
 "Flag of the seas! on ocean's wave, 
 
 Thy stars shall glitter o'er the brave ; 
 
 When death, careering on the gale, 
 
 Sweeps darkly round the bellied sail, 
 
 And frighted waves rush wildly back, 
 
 Before the broadside's reeling rack, 
 
NAVAL ACADEMY. 127 
 
 Each dying wanderer of the sea 
 Shall look at once to heaven and thee, 
 Ajid smile to see thy splendors fly 
 In triumph o'er his closing eye ! 
 
 Flag of the free heart's hope and home, 
 By angel hands to valor g^ven, 
 
 Thy stars have lit the welkin dome, 
 And all thy hues were bom in heaven I 
 
 Forever float that standard sheet, — 
 Where breathes the foe but falls before ub. 
 
 With Freedom's soil beneath our feet. 
 And Freedom's banner streaming o'er usl" 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 I. 
 
 THE APPOINTMENT OF CANDIDATES, AND THEIR QUALI- 
 FICATIONS. 
 
 (This is a copy of a paper which is sent out oflEicially by the Superintendent of the 
 
 Naval Academy.) 
 
 Application, addressed to the Secretary of the Navy, can be 
 made at any time, by the candidate himself, or by his parent, 
 guardian, or any of his friends, and his name will be placed on 
 the register. The registry of a name, however, does not give 
 any assurance of an appointment. No preference will be given 
 on account of priority of application. No application will be 
 considered where the candidate is under or above the prescribed 
 age ; where the precise age, and actual and fixed residence, are 
 not stated ; and where the applicant is not a resident of the Con- 
 gressional district of the State from which he applies. 
 
 The law limits the number of Midshipmen to four hundred and 
 sixty-four, and requires that this number shall be divided among 
 the several States and Territories, with reference and in propor- 
 tion, as near as may be, to their number of representatives and 
 delegates to Congress ; that appointments shall be made from 
 those States and Territories which have not their relative pro- 
 portions on the Navy list ; and that the individual selected for 
 appointment shall be, in all cases, an actual resident of the State 
 and Territory from which the appointment purports to be made. 
 It is further required by law that appointments from each State 
 shall be apportioned, as nearly as practicable, equally among tha 
 
132 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 several Congressional districts therein, and that the person so ap- 
 pointed shall be an actual resident of the Congressional district 
 of the State from which appointed, and be recommended by the 
 member of Congress representing the district in which he resides. 
 
 The selection of candidates is made annually on or before the 
 1st of June, and candidates who receive permission, will present 
 themselves to the Superintendent of the N'aval Academy, between 
 the 20th and 30th of September. No candidate will be received 
 into the Academy at any other time. Upon reporting to the 
 Superintendent, candidates will be examined by a Board of Med- 
 ical Officers, and by the Academic Board of the Academy, as to 
 their qualifications for admission into the Academy. 
 
 JSTo candidate will be admitted into the Kaval Academy, unless 
 at the time of examination he is found qualified, in the opinion 
 of the Medical Board, to discharge the arduous duties of an officer 
 of the Navy, and shall have passed a satisfactory examination be- 
 fore the Academic Board. 
 
 If both these examinations result favorably, the candidate will 
 receive an acting appointment as a Midshipman, become an in- 
 mate of the Academy, and be allowed his actual and necessary 
 travelling expenses from his residence to the Naval Academy. If, 
 on the contrary, he shall not pass both these examinations, he will 
 receive neither an acting appointment nor his travelling expenses. 
 
 A candidate who has once presented himself for examination, un- 
 der the permission of the Department, and has been rejected, can- 
 not be allowed to present himself for examination the second time. 
 
 No one can receive a warrant as a Midshipman in the Navy, 
 unless he be a graduate of the Naval Academy. 
 
 (Note by the author. — It is especially important to secure a 
 nomination for a vacancy at the Naval Academy, from the Con- 
 gressman of tlie district in which the applicant resides. An Act- 
 
NAVAL ACADEMY. 13 
 
 o 
 
 ing Midshipman is not expected or permitted to receive pecuni- 
 ary support or assistance from his parents or friends. He is 
 maintained wholly at the expense of the government. His pay 
 is $500 per .annum, of which $100 is reserved until he leaves the 
 Academy, and constitutes an ample fund for his equipment for 
 active service.) 
 
 Qualifications. — Candidates must be over fourteen and under 
 eighteen years of age at the time of examination for admission ; 
 must be* free from deformity and disease and imperfections of the 
 senses. They must be of good moral character, able to read and 
 write well, — writing from dictation, and spelling with correct- 
 ness, — and to perform with accuracy the various operations of the 
 primary rules of arithmetic; viz., numeration, and the addition, 
 multiplication, and division of whole numbers. 
 
 Any one of the following conditions will be suflBcient to reject 
 a candidate ; viz. : 
 
 1. Feeble constitution and muscular tenuity; unsound health, 
 from whatever cause; indications of former disease; glandular 
 swellings, or other symptoms of scrofula. 
 
 2. Chronic cutaneous affections, especially of the scalp, or any 
 disorder of an infectious character. 
 
 3. Severe injuries of the bones of the head ; convulsions. 
 
 4. Impaired vision, from whatever cause ; inflammatory affec- 
 tions of the eye-lids ; immobility, or irregularity of the iris ; 
 fistula lachrymalis, etc., etc. 
 
 5. Deafness ; copious discharge from the ears. 
 
 6. Loss of many teeth, or the teeth generally unsound. 
 
 7. Impediment of speech. 
 
 8. Want of due capacity of the chest, and any other indication 
 of a liability to a pulmonic disease. 
 
 9. Impaired or inadequate efficiency of one or both of the 
 
134 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 superior extremities on account of fractures, especially of the 
 clavicle, contraction of a joint, extenuation, deformity, etc., etc. 
 
 10. An unnatural excurvature or incurvature of the spine. 
 
 11. Hernia. 
 
 12. A varicose state of the veins of the scrotum and spermatic 
 cord (when large), sarcocele, hydrocele, hemorrhoids, fistulas. 
 
 13. Impaired or inadequate efficiency of one or both of the 
 inferior extremities on account of varicose veins, fractures, mal- 
 formation (flat feet, etc.), lameness, contraction, unequal length, 
 bunyons, overlying or supernumerary toes, etc., etc. 
 
 14. Ulcers, or unsound cicatrices of ulcers likely to break out 
 afresh. 
 
 EXTRACT FROM THE REGULATIONS OF THE ACADEMY. 
 
 Art. 10. When candidates shall have passed the required ex- 
 aminations, and have been admitted as members of the Acad- 
 emy, they must immediately furnish themselves with the follow- 
 ing articles ; viz. : 
 
 Two N'avy-blue cloth uniform 
 
 suits. 
 Six white shirts. 
 Six pairs of socks. 
 Four pairs of drawers. 
 Six pocket handkerchiefs. 
 One black-silk handkerchief, or 
 
 stock. 
 One mattress. 
 One pillow. 
 One pair of blankets. 
 
 Two pairs of sheets. 
 
 Four pillow-oases. 
 
 Six towels. 
 
 Two pairs of shoes or boots. 
 
 One hair-brush. 
 
 One tooth-brush. 
 
 One clothes-brush. 
 
 One coarse comb for the hair. 
 
 One fine comb for the hair. 
 
 One tumbler, or mug ; and 
 
 One thread and needle case. 
 
 One bed-cover, or spread. 
 Room-mates will jointly procure for their common use, one 
 
NAVAL ACADEMY. 135 
 
 looking-glass, one wash-basin, one water-pail, one slop-bucket 
 and one broom. These articles may be obtained from the Store- 
 keeper of the Academy, of good quality, and at fair prices. 
 
 Aet. 11. Each Acting Midshipman must, on admission, de- 
 posit with the Paymaster the sum of fifty dollars ; for which he 
 will be credited on the books of that officer, to be expended, 
 by direction of the Superintendent, for the purchase of text- 
 books, and other authorized articles. 
 
 II. 
 PROGRAMME OF STUDIES DURINa THE ACADEMIC YEAR. 
 
 FIRST CLASS FOURTH YEAR. 
 
 Department of Practical Seamanship^ Naval Gunnery and 2>Fa- 
 val Tactics. — Seamanship, ISTaval Tactics. Naval Gunnery ; Simp- 
 son's Ordnance and Gunnery. Simpson's Translation of Page's 
 Theory of Pointing. Dahlgren's Boat Howitzer. 
 
 Department of Astronomy^ Navigation and Surveying, — Theory 
 of Navigation. Practical Astronomy. Marine Surveying. 
 
 Department of Natural and Experimental Philosophy, — Lard- 
 ner on Heat. Wells' Chemistry. Main & Brown on the Steam 
 Engine. 
 
 Department of Ethics and English Studies, — Constitution U. 
 S. ; Kent on International Law, vol. I. 
 
 Department of Spanish. — Ollendorff. 
 
 SECOND CLASS — THIRD TEAR. 
 
 Department of Practical Seamanship., Naval Gunnery^ and 
 Naval Tactics, — Seamanship. Simpson's Naval Gunnery. 
 
 Department of Mathematics, — Smyth's Analytical Geometry* 
 Smyth's Differential and Integral Calculus. 
 
136 HISTORY OF TUE 
 
 Department of Aatronomy ^ Katigation and Surveying. — Davies' 
 Surveying. Ilerschers Astronomy. Bowditch's Navigation. 
 
 Department of Natural and Experimental Fhilo802yhy. — Lard- 
 ner's Optics, Acoustics, J^ectricity, and Magnetism. Smith's 
 Mechanics. 
 
 Department of Field Artillery and Infantry Tactics. — Hardee's 
 Light Infantry Drill. Instruction in Field Artillery. . 
 
 Department of Ethics and English Studies, — Wayland's Moral 
 Science, 
 
 Department of French. — Girault's French Student's Manual. 
 Dumas' Vie de Napoleon. Manesca's Reader. 
 
 THIRD CLASS SECOND YEAR. 
 
 Department of Practical Seamanship^ Na^cal Gunnery^ and 
 N'aval Tactics. — Seamanship. 
 
 Department of Mathematics. — Davies' Legendre's Geometry. 
 Chauvenet's Trigonometry. Davies' Mensuration. 
 
 Department of Ethics and English Studies, — Eliot's History 
 U. S. Quackenbos' Ehetoric. Composition. 
 
 Department of French, — Girault's French Student's Manual. 
 Girault's Vie de Washington. 
 
 Department of Drawing and Draughting, — Line Drawing. 
 
 FOURTH CLASS — FIRST YEAR. 
 
 Department of Mathematics, — Greenleaf s Arithmetic. Davies' 
 Algebra. Davies' Legendre's Geometry. 
 
 Department of Ethics and English Studies, — Bullions' English 
 Grammar. Corneirs Geography. Worcester's and Lord's History. 
 Composition. 
 
 Department of Drawing and Draughting. — Sketching. 
 
NAVAL ACADEMY. 
 
 137 
 
 III. 
 
 MERIT-ROLLS. 
 (From tho Eegulations.) 
 
 The relative weight, or the maximum numbers which are to be 
 assigned to each of the " principal branches" of study, and to 
 conduct in each of the several classes, in forming the merit-rolls, 
 will be as follows, viz. : 
 
 Departments. 
 
 Seamanship, gun- 
 nery, and naval 
 tactics. 
 
 Mathematics , 
 
 Astronomy, navi- 
 gation, and sur- 
 veying. 
 
 Natural and Expe- 
 rimental philoso- 
 phy. 
 
 Field artillery and 
 infantry tactics. 
 
 Ethics and English 
 studies. 
 
 French language. 
 Spanish language. . 
 
 Drawing 
 
 Conduct 
 
 Aggregate.... 
 
 Principal branches. 
 
 Seamanship ....... 
 
 Naral tactics ...... 
 
 Practical gunnery 
 boat armament. . 
 
 and 
 
 Mathematics . 
 
 r General astronomy 
 
 J Practical astronomy, 
 j navigation^ and sur- 
 (. veying 
 
 ( Mechanics 
 
 "< Physics 
 
 I Steam engine. 
 
 ( Theory of gunnery. 
 
 -| Field artillery 
 
 ( Infantry tactics. . . . 
 
 in- 
 
 ' Moral science and 
 
 ternational law 
 
 J Grammar and rhetoric 
 
 ] Geography 
 
 History and composi 
 tion 
 
 French. . . 
 Spanish. . 
 Drawing. 
 
 2.5 
 
 5 
 
 Ph 
 
 20 
 
 10 
 15 
 
 10 
 
 15 
 5 
 
 o 
 
 u 
 
 02 
 
 30 
 
 10 
 30 
 
 25 
 15 
 
 Si 
 
 15 
 50 
 30 
 
 60 
 
 20 
 25 
 
 15 
 
 45 
 25 
 
 30 
 
 u 
 o 
 
 ♦J '^ 
 
 u 
 
 o 
 
 
 50 100 
 30 
 
 25 
 
 80 
 
 25 
 35 
 
 40 
 
 30 
 
 35 
 '56' 
 
 o 
 
 150 
 80 
 
 40 
 
 100 
 
 80 
 
 80 
 
 60 
 25 
 85 
 
 40 
 20 
 25 
 
 30 
 25 
 15 
 
 20 
 
 75 
 
 60 
 
 40 
 
 100 
 
 1,000 
 
 eS 
 
 ? 02 
 
 09 6 
 
 220 
 
 100 
 
 110 
 
 120 
 
 85 
 
 90 
 
 75 
 
 60 
 
 40 
 
 100 
 
 1,000 
 
 At every June examination, the Academic Board shall form a 
 "general merit-roll" for each class, in the following manner, viz. : 
 
133 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 of those members of each class who shall have passed a satisfac- 
 tory examination, the individual having the highest standing in 
 any principal branch for that year shall receive the maximum 
 number assigned to it for that class and year in the table of 
 weights of this chapter, and the one having the lowest standing 
 shall receive the minimum number, which, in every case, shall be 
 one-third of the maximum for the same branch and class. The 
 members of the class having intermediate standings shall receive 
 numbers proceeding by equal differences from the maximum to 
 the minimum, in the order of their relative merit, as fixed by 
 their '■' class merit-rolls." Of those who have not two hundred 
 demerits recorded against them, such as have no demerits shall 
 receive the maximum number allowed for that class and year, and 
 the others shall have that maximum diminished by one three-hun- 
 dredth part of it for every demerit recorded against them. All 
 the numbers which shall be thus assigned to the several members 
 for the several branches of study, and for conduct, shall then be 
 added together, and the names of the members shall be arranged 
 in each class according to the aggregates thus obtained, the high- 
 est number being placed first on the list, and the others in their 
 order. Only those who shall have passed in all the principal 
 branches of their classes, and have not exceeding two hundred 
 demerits recorded against them, are to be included in the ^' gen- 
 eral merit-roll," 
 
 At the June examination, the Academic Board shall also form 
 the *' graduating merit-rolls" for the graduating class, by adding 
 the aggregate numbers which each member of the class shall 
 have received on the several "general merit-rolls" for June 
 during the four years, and arranging the order of the members 
 according to the aggregates, placing the highest first. 
 
NAVAL ACADEMY. 
 
 139 
 
 IV. 
 
 OFFICERS AND PROFESSORS OF THE ACADEMY FROM 1845 
 
 TO THE PRESENT TIME. 
 
 Superintenden ta, 
 
 Com'r Franklin Buchanan, 1845 
 
 to 1847, 
 Com'r Geo. P. Upshur, 1847-50, 
 ComV C. K. Stribling, 1850-3, 
 Com'r L. M. Goldsborough, 
 
 1853-7, 
 Capt. Geo. S. Blake, 1857-62. 
 
 Commandants of Midshipmen, 
 
 Lieut. Jas. H. Ward, 1845-8, 
 Lieut. S. S. Lee, 1848-51, 
 Lieut. T. T. Craven, 1851-5, 
 Com'r J. F. Green, 1855-8, 
 Com'r T. T. Craven, 1858-60, 
 Lieut. C. Pw. P. Pwodgers, 1860, 
 Lieut. G. AV. Pwodgers, 1861-2. 
 
 Professors of Mathematics. 
 
 William Chauvenet, 1845-53, 
 J. H. C. Coffin, 1853-9, 
 Joseph Winlock, 1859-60. 
 
 Professors of Astronomy and 
 Navigation, 
 
 William Chauvenet, 1853-9, 
 J. H. C. Coffin, 1859-62. 
 
 Professors of Natural and Ex- 
 perimental Philosophy, 
 
 Henrv H. Lock wood, 1845-51, 
 W. Y. Hopkins, 1851^9, 
 A. W. Smith, 1859-62. 
 
 Professor of Field Artillery and 
 Infantry Tactics. 
 
 Henry H. Lockwood, 1851-62. 
 
 Professor of Ethics and English 
 Studies, 
 
 J. E. ISTourse, 1851-62. 
 
 Professor of French. 
 
 A. ^, Girault, 1845-62. 
 
 Professor of Spanish, 
 E. A. Roget, 1852-62. 
 
 Professor of Drawing, 
 E. Seager, 1851-62. 
 
 Teachers of the Art of Defence, 
 
 E. Seager, 1851-9, 
 A. Coppa, 1859-60. 
 
 Lieutenants^ &c.^ acting as As- 
 sistants, 
 
 S. Marcv, 1846, 1851-5, 1858-9, 
 
 W. N. Jeffers, Jr., 1849, 
 
 S. P. Carter, 1851-3, 1858-9, 
 
 W. P. Buckner, 1851-6, 1859-60, 
 
 J. Armstrong, 1851-4, 
 
 A. M. DeBree, 1851, 
 
 J. V. N. Blake, 1851-7, 
 
 E. Simpson, 1853-5, 1859-62, 
 
140 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 W. K. Mayo, 1855-7, 1859, 
 
 R. W. Scott, 1855-7, 1859-60, 
 
 J. T. Wood, 1855-8, 1860, 
 
 W. H. Willcox, 1855-7, 
 
 S. R. Franklin, 1856, 
 
 J. Watters, 1857, 
 
 C. W. Flusser, 1857-9, 
 
 C. H. Cushman, 1857-9, 
 
 J. K Miller, 1857-8, 1860, 
 
 J. I. Waddell, 1858, 
 
 R. H. Wyman, 1859, 
 
 J. H. Upshur, 1859-60, 
 
 H. Davidson, 1859-60, 
 
 W. McGunnegle, 1859, 
 
 J. G. Walker, 1859, 
 
 F. E. Shepperd, 1859, 
 
 G. W. Rodgers, 1860, 
 S. B. Luce, 1860, 
 
 B. B. Taylor, 1860, 
 
 E. O. Mathews, 1860-2, 
 E. P. Lull, 1860-2, 
 J. D. Marvin, 1861-2, 
 
 C. L. Huntington, 1861-2, 
 E. P. Brower, 1861-2. 
 
 Assistant Professors^ 
 
 A. H. Barber, 1856, 
 T. Karney, 1856-62, 
 L. I. Dovilliers, 1856-62, 
 W. R. Hopkins, 1857-62, 
 W. H. Willcox, 1857-62, 
 W. Harwood, 1857-60, 
 M. H. Beecher, 1859-62, 
 T. G. Forde, 1861-2, 
 A. L. Smith, 1861-2. 
 
 Surgeons and Assistants, 
 J. A. Lockwood, 1845-50, 
 
 D. S. Green, 1850-3, 
 K Pinkney, 1853-5, 
 S. Sharp, 1855-9, 
 W. Grier, 1859-60, 
 J. C. Palmer, 1860-2, 
 J. Y. Taylor, 1858, 
 J. McMaster, 1859, 
 O. S. Inglehart, 1860. 
 
 Chaplains. 
 
 George Jones, 1845-53, 
 T. B. Bartow, 1853-9, 
 George Jones, 1859-60, 
 D. X. Junkin, 1861-2. 
 
 There are also attached to the 
 Academy, 1861-2, 
 
 Paymaster. 
 H. M. HieskiU. 
 
 Secretary, 
 R. M. Chase. 
 
 Superintendents Clerk, 
 O. D. Robb. 
 
 Paymaster's Clerk, ^ 
 J. H. Havens. 
 
 Assistant Librarian, 
 J A. Davenport. 
 
NAVAL ACADEMY. 
 
 141 
 
 V. 
 
 GRADUATES WHO WERE NOT IN THE FOUR YEARS' 
 
 COURSE. 
 
 (Any inaccuracies which may be discovered in this list will be cheerfully corrected in 
 
 later editions.) 
 
 C. VV. Aby, 
 
 1846 
 
 L. A. Beardslee, 
 
 1856 
 
 R. Aulick, 
 
 u 
 
 W. L. Bradford, 
 
 (4 
 
 VV. D. Austin, 
 
 u 
 
 E. Boyd, Jr., 
 
 (( 
 
 J. Armstrong, 
 
 1847 
 
 C. A. Babcock, 
 
 (( 
 
 A. Allmand, 
 
 1849 
 
 George Bacon, 
 
 U 
 
 E. T. Andrews, 
 
 u 
 
 S. P. Carter, 
 
 1846 
 
 T. Abbot, 
 
 1854 
 
 T. S. Conover, 
 
 a 
 
 H. A. Adams, Jr., 
 
 1855 
 
 G. Cilley, 
 
 1848 
 
 Aeneas Armstrong, 
 
 1856 
 
 D. Coleman, 
 
 (C 
 
 J. M. Bradford, 
 
 1846 
 
 J. J. Cook, 
 
 (( 
 
 J. W. Bennet, 
 
 u 
 
 F. G. Clarke, 
 
 u 
 
 H. C. Blake, 
 
 (( 
 
 H. N. Crabb, 
 
 1849 
 
 F. B. Brand, 
 
 « 
 
 W. 0. Crain, 
 
 u 
 
 E. Brinlev, Jr., 
 
 u 
 
 R. R. Carter, 
 
 (( 
 
 W. K. Bridge, 
 
 1847 
 
 R. Chandler, 
 
 1852 
 
 T. W. Brodhead, 
 
 u 
 
 E. 0. Carnes, 
 
 (( 
 
 J. M. Brooke, 
 
 a 
 
 J. J. Cornwell, 
 
 1853 
 
 W. P. Buckner, 
 
 u 
 
 R. T. Chapman, 
 
 a 
 
 0. C. Badger, 
 
 t( 
 
 A. B. Cummings, 
 
 a 
 
 S. S. Bassett, 
 
 u 
 
 W. P. A. Campbell, 
 
 (( 
 
 J. T. Barrand, 
 
 u 
 
 C. H. Cusliman, 
 
 1855 
 
 C. C. Bayard, 
 
 1848 
 
 VV. H. Cheever, 
 
 u 
 
 G. H. Bier, 
 
 u 
 
 C. C. Carpenter, 
 
 1856 
 
 A. T. Byrens, 
 
 1849 
 
 A. J. McCartney, 
 
 (( 
 
 S. J. Bliss, 
 
 a 
 
 J. C. Chaplin, 
 
 a 
 
 S. L. Breese, 
 
 1852 
 
 M. C. Campbell, 
 
 (C 
 
 D. L. Braine, 
 
 (I 
 
 C. Dyer, Jr., 
 
 1846 
 
 K. R. Breese, 
 
 (( 
 
 G. V. Denniston, 
 
 if, 
 
 E. Brodhead, 
 
 1853 
 
 J. L. Davis, 
 
 1847 
 
 E. T. Bowen, 
 
 u 
 
 E. D. Dennv, 
 
 u 
 
 F. F. Brose, 
 
 <( 
 
 F. G. Dallas, 
 
 1848 
 
 A. E. K. Benham, 
 
 a 
 
 W. DeKoven, 
 
 u 
 
 G. E. Belknap, 
 
 u 
 
 J. D. Danels, 
 
 a- 
 
 J. D. Blake, 
 
 1854 
 
 J. P. C. DeKrafft, 
 
 1848 
 
 J. Bruce, 
 
 C( 
 
 R. C. Duvall, 
 
 (( 
 
 F. H. Baker, 
 
 1854 
 
 A. M. DeBree, 
 
 1849 
 
 George Brown, 
 
 1855 
 
 U. Davidson, 
 
 (( 
 
142 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 W. F. Davidson, 
 A. Deslonde, 
 J. W. Dunnington, 
 W. II. Dana, 
 W. G. Dozier, 
 E. English, 
 T. C. Eaton, 
 J. R. Eggleston, 
 Henry Erben, Jr., 
 "VV. H. Fauntleroy, 
 Joseph Fry, 
 S. R. Franklin, 
 
 D. A. Forrest, 
 T. S. Fillebrown, 
 J. L. Friend, 
 
 J. P. Foster, 
 C. W. Flusser, 
 J. P. Fvife, 
 W. E. Fitzhugh, 
 Francis Gregory, 
 W. Gibson, 
 W. M. Gamble, 
 C. Gray, 
 W. V. Gilliss, 
 S. P. Griffin, 
 
 E. C. Grafton, 
 E. F. Gray, 
 
 B. Gherardi, 
 W. Gwin, 
 
 J. A. Greer, 
 
 C. H. Greene, 
 J. H. GilHs, 
 
 H. M. Garland, 
 R. Harris, 
 J. P. Hall, 
 T. C. Harris, 
 H. 0. Hunter, 
 J. E. Hart, 
 J. J. Hanson, 
 W. W. Holmes, 
 W. G. Hoffman, 
 M. Ilaxtun, 
 C. F. Hopkins, 
 E. W. Henry, 
 C. C. Hunter, 
 
 1849 
 
 u 
 
 1855 
 1856 
 
 1840 
 1847 
 1853 
 1855 
 1847 
 
 1848 
 
 u 
 u 
 a 
 
 1853 
 
 1854 
 
 1846 
 1847 
 1848 
 
 t( 
 1849 
 
 u 
 
 1852 
 
 1853 
 1854 
 
 a 
 u 
 
 1855 
 
 1846 
 
 u 
 
 1847 
 
 a 
 
 1848 
 
 u 
 
 u 
 1848 
 
 u 
 u 
 
 A. W. Habershaw, 
 G. H. Hare, 
 
 H. St. G. Hunter, 
 Thos. T. Houston, 
 J. R. Hamilton, 
 D. B. Harmony, 
 
 B. E. Hand, 
 
 J. G. Heileman, 
 J. W. Hester, 
 
 C. E. Hawley, 
 A. Izard, 
 
 W. N. Jeffers, Jr., 
 M. P. Jones, 
 J. P. Jones, 
 J. E. Jouett, 
 W. F. Jones, 
 
 A. W. Johnson, 
 O. F. Johnson, 
 
 P. C. Johnson, Jr., 
 J. E. Johnston, 
 J. Kell, 
 G. S. King, 
 
 B. Kennon, 
 
 L. A. Kimberly, 
 W. A. Kirkland, 
 R. B. Lowry, 
 R. L. Law, 
 L. H. Lyne, 
 W. W. Low, 
 
 C. Latimer, 
 
 J. D. Langhorne, 
 T. Lee, 
 S. B. Luce, 
 W. S. Lovell, 
 De G. Livingston, 
 B. P. Loyall, 
 J. B. McCauley, 
 R. M. McArann, 
 J. V. McCollum, 
 A. F. Monroe, 
 W. H. Murdaugh, 
 A. McLaughlin, 
 J. McL. Murphy, 
 G. E. Morgan, 
 R. D. Minor, 
 
 1849 
 
 a 
 u 
 
 1851 
 
 1853 
 
 1854 
 
 1855 
 1856 
 
 1846 
 1847 
 1848 
 
 II 
 
 1849 
 
 1852 
 
 1854 
 1848 
 
 u 
 
 1852 
 1853 
 1856 
 1846 
 
 1847 
 
 1848 
 
 a 
 1852 
 
 u 
 
 1853 
 
 1855 
 
 1846 
 
 u 
 
 1847 
 (( 
 
 u 
 
 1848 
 u 
 
 ii 
 
 a 
 
NAVAL ACADEMY. 
 
 143 
 
 E. Y. McCauley 
 J). P. McCorkle, 
 W. K. Mayo, 
 J. H. March, 
 S. Magavv, 
 A. McLane, 
 J. Maury, 
 W. Mitchell, 
 
 C. P. McGary, 
 W. R. Mercer, 
 G. U. Morris, 
 W. McGunnegle, 
 J. P. K. Mygatt, 
 W. P. McKann, 
 R. L. Mav, 
 
 E. P. McCrea, 
 J. G. Maxwell, 
 G. F. Morrison, 
 John G. Mitchell, 
 R. W. Meade, Jr., 
 W. N'elson, 
 L. H. N^ewman, 
 
 D. Ochiltree, 
 
 E. H. Oakley, 
 T. S. Phelps, 
 J. J. Pringle, 
 L. Paulding, 
 R. J. I). Price, 
 W. L. Powell, 
 
 J. Van Ness Philip, 
 
 D. Phenix, 
 W. H. Parker, 
 S. I.. Phelps, 
 Jas. Parker, Jr., 
 A. Pendergrast, 
 T. P. Pelot, 
 
 E. E. Potter, 
 C. F. Peck, 
 
 S. P. Quackenbush, 
 W. Reily, 
 T. Roney, 
 J. Rochelle, 
 J. II. Russell, 
 r. A. Roe, 
 
 1848 
 
 E. Renshaw, 
 
 1848 
 
 u 
 
 J. D. Rainey, 
 
 1853 
 
 a 
 
 F. M. Ramsay, 
 
 1856 
 
 (( 
 
 E. Simpson, 
 
 1846 
 
 a 
 
 E. C. Stout, 
 
 a 
 
 li 
 
 R. Savage, 
 
 ii 
 
 u 
 
 G. A. Stevens, 
 
 u 
 
 1849 
 
 W. H. Smith, 
 
 it 
 
 u 
 
 R. Selden, 
 
 1847 
 
 u 
 
 \V. Sharp, 
 
 u 
 
 1852. 
 
 J. H, Somerville, 
 
 u 
 
 1853 
 
 M. J. Smith, 
 
 1848 
 
 (( 
 
 E. E. Stone, 
 
 iC 
 
 1854 
 
 W. Smith, 
 
 (C 
 
 1855 
 
 R. Stuart, 
 
 (( 
 
 u 
 
 J. B. Smith, 
 
 (( 
 
 u 
 
 A. A. Semmes, 
 
 it 
 
 a 
 
 J. A. Seawall, 
 
 u 
 
 1856 
 
 J. B. Stewart, 
 
 1849 
 
 (( 
 
 E. Shepherd, 
 
 (( 
 
 1846 
 
 G. T. Simes, 
 
 u 
 
 1853 
 
 R. W. Scott, 
 
 1850 
 
 1846 
 
 J. G. Sproston, 
 
 1852 
 
 1854 
 
 0. B. Smith, 
 
 t( 
 
 1846 
 
 0. F. Stanton, 
 
 1855 
 
 u 
 
 F. E. Shepperd, 
 
 i( 
 
 u 
 
 J. W. Shirk, 
 
 (( 
 
 1847 
 
 E. C. Stockton, 
 
 u 
 
 a 
 
 W. G. Temple, 
 
 1846 
 
 1848 
 
 J. S. Thornton, 
 
 1847 
 
 u 
 
 W. T. Truxtun, 
 
 (C 
 
 4C 
 
 0. E. Thorburn, 
 
 1853 
 
 1849 
 
 W. Totten, 
 
 (« 
 
 1852 
 
 J. Taylor, Jr., 
 
 1855 
 
 1854 
 
 0. F. Tiiomas, 
 
 1856 
 
 1855 
 
 J. H. Upshur, 
 
 1848 
 
 1856 
 
 W. H. Ward, 
 
 1855 
 
 a 
 
 J. G. Walker, 
 
 1856 
 
 1846 
 
 W. Van W^yck, 
 
 1848 
 
 1847 
 
 N". H. Van Zandt, 
 
 1849 
 
 u 
 
 E. Vander Horst, 
 
 (( 
 
 1848 
 
 G. W. Young, 
 
 1848 
 
 u 
 
 T. Young, 
 
 (i 
 
 i( 
 
 Total, 251. 
 
 
144 
 
 mSTOBY OF THE 
 
 VI. 
 
 GRADUATES WHO WERE IN THE FOUR TEARS' COURSE. 
 
 W. N". Allen, 
 
 1856 
 
 G. D. Gove, 
 
 1856 
 
 J. W. Alexander, 
 
 1857 
 
 N". Green, 
 
 u 
 
 S. W. Averett, 
 
 1859 
 
 C. J. Graves, 
 
 1857 
 
 S. D. Ames, 
 
 1860 
 
 J. Grimball, 
 
 1858 
 
 J. L. Barnes, 
 
 1854 
 
 S. D. Greene, 
 
 1859 
 
 T. McK. Buchanan, 
 
 1855 
 
 S. P. Gillett, 
 
 1860 
 
 R. F. Bradford, 
 
 1856 
 
 A. Hopkins, 
 
 1855 
 
 G. A. Bigelow, 
 
 u 
 
 J. W. Harris, 
 
 1856 
 
 G. M. Blodgett, 
 
 a 
 
 0. Hatfield, 
 
 4C 
 
 F. B. Blake, 
 
 1857 
 
 J. A. Howell, 
 
 1858 
 
 F. M. Bunce, 
 
 a 
 
 H. L. Howison, 
 
 u 
 
 J. Bishop, 
 
 1858 
 
 W. B. Hall, 
 
 1859 
 
 H. M. Blue, 
 
 u 
 
 S. H. Hackett, 
 
 u 
 
 G. A. Borchert, 
 
 1859 
 
 T. L. Harrison, 
 
 1860 
 
 W. B. Butt, 
 
 a 
 
 H. D. Hoole, 
 
 (( 
 
 W. H. Barton, 
 
 1860 
 
 F. L. Hoge, 
 
 (( 
 
 F. S. Brown, 
 
 (( 
 
 G. W. Hayward, 
 
 1861 
 
 G. M. Bache, 
 
 1861 
 
 J. W. Kelly, 
 
 1857 
 
 T. C. Bowen, 
 
 (( 
 
 W. A. Kerr, 
 
 1858 
 
 J. Cain, Jr., 
 
 1854 
 
 A. Kantz, 
 
 u 
 
 A. F. Crosman, 
 
 1855 
 
 T. F. Kane, 
 
 1859 
 
 A. P. Cooke, 
 
 1856 
 
 G. E. Law, 
 
 1855 
 
 H. B. Claiborne, 
 
 1859 
 
 E. P. Lull, 
 
 (( 
 
 H. Cenas, 
 
 u 
 
 E. Lea, 
 
 u 
 
 S. E. Casey, Jr., 
 
 1860 
 
 J. N. Miller, 
 
 1854 
 
 J. B. Cromwell, 
 
 1861 
 
 E. 0. Matthews, 
 
 1855 
 
 H. H. Dalton, 
 
 1855 
 
 J. C. Mosely, 
 
 1856 
 
 George Dewey, 
 
 1858 
 
 C. J. McDougal, 
 
 ^ (C 
 
 T. L. Dornin, 
 
 1860 
 
 T. B. Mills, 
 
 1857 
 
 A. Dexter, 
 
 1861 
 
 F. V. McXarr, 
 
 u 
 
 F. 0. Davenport, * 
 
 u 
 
 H. W. Miller, 
 
 u 
 
 T. n. Eastman, 
 
 1856 
 
 C. Merchant, 
 
 (( 
 
 AY. E. Evans, 
 
 u 
 
 L. C. Mav, 
 
 1858 
 
 LeBoy Fitch, 
 
 (( 
 
 A. T. Mahan, 
 
 1859 
 
 C. L. Franklin, 
 
 1858 
 
 A. S. Mackenzie, 
 
 (( 
 
 E. G. Furbur, 
 
 u 
 
 R. S. McCook, 
 
 a 
 
 N. H. Farquhar, 
 
 1859 
 
 J. D. Marvin, 
 
 1860 
 
 H. W. M. Graham, 
 
 1855 
 
 A. K. McNair, 
 
 (( 
 
KAVAL ACADEMY. 
 
 145 
 
 H. D. H. Manley, 
 
 1860 
 
 G, S. Storrs, 
 
 1858 
 
 C. E. McKay, 
 
 1861 
 
 C. H. Swasey, 
 
 1859 
 
 J. F. McGlensey, 
 
 a 
 
 B, P. Smith," 
 
 tc 
 
 11. E. Mullan, 
 
 u 
 
 0. M. Schoonmaker, 
 
 U 
 
 Charles S. Norton, 
 
 1855 
 
 Thos. S. Spencer, 
 
 u 
 
 J, O'Kane, 
 
 1860 
 
 M. S. Stuyvesant, 
 
 1860 
 
 Philip Porcher, 
 
 1855 
 
 T. L. Swann, 
 
 u 
 
 R. L. Phythian, 
 
 1856 
 
 AY. S. Schley, 
 
 u 
 
 T. K. Porter, 
 
 (( 
 
 W. T. Sampson, 
 
 1861 
 
 G. H. Perkins, 
 
 a 
 
 A, T. Snell, 
 
 (( 
 
 J. M. Pritchett, 
 
 1857 
 
 W. F. Stewart, 
 
 <i 
 
 R. Prentiss, 
 
 1859 
 
 F. Steece, 
 
 C( 
 
 S, D. Paddock, 
 
 1860 
 
 J. M. Todd, 
 
 1854 
 
 L. Phenix, 
 
 1861 
 
 E. Terry, 
 
 1857 
 
 11. F. Picking, 
 
 •it 
 
 II. D, Todd, 
 
 (4 
 
 J. W. Philip, 
 
 . " 
 
 J. L: Tayloe, 
 
 1860 
 
 A. y. Reed, 
 
 1858 
 
 R. R. Wallace, 
 
 1856 
 
 G, C. Remey, 
 
 1859 
 
 B. Wilson, 
 
 1857 
 
 H. B. Robeson, 
 
 1860 
 
 G. B. White, 
 
 1858 
 
 E. G. Read, 
 
 u 
 
 W. C. Whittle, 
 
 (( 
 
 C. W. Read, 
 
 a 
 
 G. C. Wiltse, 
 
 1859 
 
 G. P. Ryan, 
 
 1861 
 
 E. A. Walker, 
 
 1860 
 
 F. Rodgers, 
 
 a 
 
 .W. Whitehead, 
 
 u 
 
 Thos, 0, Selfridge, 
 
 1854 
 
 J. C.. Watson, 
 
 i( 
 
 J. M. Stribling, 
 
 (C 
 
 A. D. Wharton, 
 
 (( 
 
 M. Sicard, 
 
 1855 
 
 J. Weidman, 
 
 1861 
 
 G. S. Shvrock, 
 
 1856 
 
 A. R, Yates, 
 
 1853 
 
 H, B. Seely, 
 
 1857 
 
 Total, 131. 
 
 
 
 EECAPITULATIOX. 
 
 
 Graduates who were 
 
 not in the four years' course, 
 
 251 
 
 Graduates who were in the four 
 
 years' course, 
 
 131 
 
 Total of Graduates, from the organization of the Academy 
 in 1845, to the present time, 882 
 
 7 
 
146 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 YII. 
 
 OFFICERS OF THE NAYY TO WHOM THANKS, MEDALS, AND 
 SWORDS HAYE BEEN YOTED BY CONGRESS. 
 
 (Extracted from the Army and Navy Register for 1S39, by Peter Force, Esq. Nearly 
 all the Muster Rolls of the Navy, prior to 181S, having been burned in 1833, this is all 
 the information that can now be accurately obtained in relation to the " War Ser- 
 vice."") 
 
 Capture of the French Frigate Insurgente, by the United 
 States' Frigate Constellation, February 1, 1799. 
 
 The thanks of the President of the United States, to Commo- 
 dore Traxton, his officers and crew, for their good conduct and 
 gallantry on this occasion, were communicated in a letter from 
 the Secretary of the Navy to Commodore Truxton, dated 13th 
 March, 1799, of which the following is an extract : 
 
 "The President desires me to communicate to you, his high 
 approbation of the whole of your able and judicious conduct in 
 the West Indies; and to present to you, and through you to the 
 officers and crew of the Constellation, his thanks for the good 
 conduct, exact discipline, and bravery, displayed in the action 
 with, and capture of the French frigate Insurgente, on the 9th 
 February. I must, however, add that he observes, and all the 
 officers of the government, indeed all others I have heard ^peak 
 on the subject, join in the observation, that this is nothing but 
 what we expected from Truxton." 
 
 The officers in the lighting department who shared with Com- 
 i^odore Truxton the honor of this victory, were: 
 
 John Rodgers, lieutenant, 
 William Cowper, " 
 Andrew Sterritt, " 
 John Archer, " 
 
 Ambrose Shirley, sailing master. 
 
 Bartholomew Clinch, lieutenant 
 
 marines, 
 Henry Vandyke, midshipman, 
 John II. Dent, '' 
 
 Phil. C. Wederstrandt, " 
 
NAVAL ACADEMY. 
 
 U7 
 
 John M. Clagett, midshipman. 
 
 J. M. McDonoiigh, " 
 
 David Porter, 
 
 Wm. Davis, 
 
 Joshua Herbert, 
 
 Arthur Sinchiir, 
 
 Thomas Robinson, 
 
 Saml. B. Brooks, master's mate, 
 
 Jos. S. Smith, 
 
 Daniel Gorman, 
 
 
 u 
 
 u 
 
 (( 
 
 (( 
 
 Officers of the Constellation in 
 action with tJie French ship 
 of war La Vengeance, Feb- 
 ruary 1, 1800. 
 
 (See Resolution of Congress of March 29, 
 1800.) 
 
 Thomas Truxton, captain, 
 Andrew Sterritt, 1st lieutenant, 
 Ambrose Shirlev, 2d '' 
 
 Saml. B. Brooks, 3d " 
 
 John H. Dent, 4th " 
 
 Danl. Eldridge, master, 
 B. Clinch, lieutenant marines, 
 James Morgan, gunner, 
 Abraham Long, boatswain, 
 Pat. McDonald, carpenter, 
 Robert Henley, midshipman, 
 Phil. C. Wederstrandt, '' 
 Henry Vandyke, 
 Benjamin Yancy, 
 Samuel Angus, " 
 
 Saml. Woodhouse, " 
 
 John M. Chiggett, " 
 
 Robert Warren, " 
 
 James T. Leonard, " 
 
 Benj. F. Read, " 
 
 Thomas Robinson, " 
 
 James Jar vis, " 
 
 Isaac Garrettson, purser, 
 Isaac Henry, surgeon, 
 John Murdaugh, surgeon's mate. 
 
 a 
 
 (( 
 
 Capture of the Tripolitan ship 
 oficar Teipoli, hy the United 
 States schooner Enteepeise, 
 August 1, 1801. 
 
 (See Eesolution of Consjress of February 
 3, 1S02.) 
 
 The folio v\dng are all the names 
 of the officers engaged in this 
 action we have been able to ob- 
 tain : 
 
 A. Sterritt, lieutenant command- 
 ing, 
 
 David Porter, lieutenant, 
 
 R. H. Lawson, '' 
 
 E. S. Lane, lieutenant of ma- 
 rines. 
 
 Capture and destruction of a 
 s^Tripolitan frigate (^A^ Phil- 
 adelphia), of forty-four guns, 
 in the harhor of Tripoli, hy 
 the United States Tcetch In- 
 trepid, February 16, 1804. 
 
 (See Eesolution of Congress of Novem- 
 ber 27, 1804.) 
 
 ITames of the officers, sea- 
 men, and marines, who volun- 
 teered their services on this oc- 
 casion : 
 
 Stephen Decatur, commander, 
 James Lawrence, lieutenant, 
 Joseph Bainbridge, 
 Jonathan Thorn, 
 Lewis Heerman, surgeon, 
 John Row, midshipman, 
 Thos. Macdonough, midshipman, 
 Ralph Izard, 
 
 
 (4 
 
143 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 u 
 
 (( 
 
 Alexander Laws, midsMpman, 
 
 Charles Morris, " 
 
 John Davis, " 
 
 Thomas A. Anderson, " 
 
 "NVilliiln Willey, boatswain, 
 
 'William Hook, gunner, 
 
 Geo. Crawford, quartermaster, 
 
 George Brown, 
 
 John Newman, 
 
 Paul Frazier, " 
 
 Jas. Metcalfe, boatswain's mate, 
 
 ^N'icholas Brown, " " 
 
 Edward Keller, master's mate, 
 
 Saml. Endicott, quarter gunner, 
 
 James AVilson, " " 
 
 John Ford, ." " 
 
 Richard Doyles, " " 
 
 Charles Berryman, seaman, 
 
 Peter Murrell, 
 
 Edward Burk, 
 
 Richard Ormon, 
 
 Samuel Jackson, 
 
 James Pasgrove, 
 
 Joseph Goodwyn, 
 
 John Boyles, 
 
 Augustus C. Finer, " 
 
 Daniel Frazier, 
 
 "William Graham, 
 
 Reuben James, 
 
 Robert Love, 
 
 John Williams, 
 
 Joseph Fairfield, 
 
 George Fridge, 
 
 James Robinson, 
 
 Matthew Yates, 
 
 AVilliam Duckett, 
 
 Andrew Espy, 
 
 William Trumbo, 
 
 Thomas James, 
 
 Joseph Kormond, 
 
 George Murray, 
 
 Robert M. Knight, 
 
 AVilliam Dixon, 
 
 Joseph Parker, 
 
 u 
 
 u 
 u 
 (( 
 i( 
 t( 
 
 (4 
 
 U 
 
 u 
 
 u 
 (( 
 u 
 a 
 u 
 
 (C 
 
 
 (( 
 
 Henry Davenport, seaman, 
 Michael Williams, '' 
 
 Joseph Boyd, S. steward, 
 Dennis O'Bryan, ord'ry seaman, 
 Jacob Kurgen, " *' 
 
 John Benton, ordinary seaman, 
 William Rodgers, 
 Charles Robinson, 
 William Tripple, 
 John Joseph, 
 
 Marines, 
 
 Solomon Wren, sergeant, 
 Duncan Mansfield, corporal, 
 Koble James, private, 
 John Quinn, 
 Isaac Campfield, 
 Reuben O'Brian, 
 William Pepper, 
 J. WolsfrandoflT, 
 
 Officers of the United States'' 
 Squadron^ under the command 
 qf Commodore Edward Freble^ 
 in the several attacks on the 
 City and Harhor of Tripoli, 
 in July^ August^ and Se'ptem- 
 ler, 1804. 
 
 (Kesolution of Congress of March 3, 1805.) 
 
 Stephen Decatur, Jr., captain of 
 the frigate Congress, 
 
 Charles Stewart, master and 
 commander, brig Siren, - 
 
 Isaac Hull, master and comman- 
 der, brig Argus, 
 
 John Smith, master and com- 
 mander, brig Yixen, 
 
 Isaac Chauncey, master and com- 
 mander, frigate John Adams, 
 
 John H, Dent, lieut. command- 
 ant, schooner ISTautilus, 
 
 Thomas Robinson, lieut. com- 
 mander. Schooner Enterprise, 
 
NAVAL ACADEMY. 
 
 149 
 
 Charles Gordon, lieutenant, 
 Joseph Tarbell, '' 
 
 Samuel Elbert, 
 Charles Morris, 
 Hethcote I. Keed, 
 Daniel S. Dexter, 
 Edward Bennett, 
 John B. Nicholson, *' 
 James Lawrence, " 
 
 Joseph Bainbridge, '* 
 J. Thorn, " 
 
 Thomas McDonough, " 
 Michael B. Carroll, '' 
 Joseph I. Maxwell, '^ 
 AVilliam Burrows, " 
 Robert T. Spence, " 
 Sybrant Van Schaick, " 
 John Trippe, " 
 
 William M. Crane, " 
 G. ^Y. Eeed, " 
 
 Charles G. Ridgelj, " 
 Ralph Izard, " 
 
 J. M. Ilaswell, 
 G. Marcellin, 
 Nathaniel Haraden, sailing mas- 
 ter, 
 Marmaduke Dove, master, 
 Seth Carter, '' 
 
 Richard Butler, " 
 
 Stephen Cassin, " 
 
 James Wells, surgeon, 
 
 Lewis Heerman, surgeon, 
 
 Samuel R. Marshall, " 
 
 M. T. Weems, 
 
 John W. Dorsey, 
 
 Larkin Griffin, 
 
 L Graham, 
 
 G. R. Jacques, ** 
 
 N. Morris, purser, 
 
 T. Winn, 
 
 John Darby, " 
 
 Jas. Tooteli, '' 
 
 J. Green, '' 
 
 r. Leouurd, chaplain, 
 
 
 (( 
 (( 
 
 a 
 u 
 
 i4 
 
 John Hall, captain of marines, 
 Robert Greenleaf, lieutenant of 
 
 marines, 
 John Johnson, lieutenant of ma- 
 rines. 
 
 Officers^ seamen^ and marines^ 
 killed before Teipoli, with the 
 7iame8 of the vessels to which 
 they belonged. 
 
 July 7 — Si7'en. 
 
 William Williams, seaman. 
 
 August 3 — Kautiliis, 
 
 James Decatur, lieutenant. 
 
 August Y — Siren. 
 
 James R. Caldwell, Heutenant, 
 John Spear, quartermaster, 
 John S. Dorsey, midshipman, 
 Wm. Davis, boatswain's mate, 
 James Farrell, quarter gunner, 
 John Robinson, seaman, 
 John Holmes, " 
 
 George Irving, " 
 
 Jno. Meredith, sergeant marines, 
 Nath'l Holmes, private " 
 
 August 17 — Vixen. 
 
 John Brown, seaman, 
 John Jones, '' 
 
 August 28 — John Adams. 
 
 Thos. Macdonough, seaman, 
 Wra. Fountain, " 
 
 John Bartlett, " 
 
 September 4:—N'autilus. 
 
 Richard Somers, captain, 
 James Simms, seaman, 
 Thos. Tompline, 
 James Harris, 
 William Keith, 
 
 
150 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 September 4 — Constitution. 
 
 Henry Wads worth, lieutenant, 
 Joseph Israel, " 
 
 William Harrison, seaman, 
 Robert Clark, 
 Hugh McGormick, 
 Jacob Williams, 
 Peter Penner, 
 Isaac W. Downes, 
 Total— 30 killed. 
 
 
 Officers of tJie Constitution in 
 action with the ''Gueeeieee," 
 August 19, 1812. 
 
 (Eesolution of Congress of January 29, 
 1813.) 
 
 Isaac Hull, captain, 
 Charles Morris, lieutenant, 
 Alex. S. Wads worth, '' 
 Beekman Y . Hoflman, lieutenant 
 George C. Read, " 
 
 John T. Shubrick, " 
 
 Charles W. Morgan, " 
 
 John C. Ahvyn, sailing master, 
 Wm. S. Bush, 1st lieut. marines, 
 John Contee, 2d " " 
 
 Amos A. Evans, surgeon, 
 John D. Armstrong, surgeon's 
 
 mate, 
 Donaldson Yates, surgeon's 
 
 mate, 
 Thomas J. Chew, purser, 
 Ambrose L. Field, midshipman, 
 Henry Gilliam, " 
 
 Thomas Beatty, " 
 
 AYilliam D. Slater, *' 
 
 Lewis German, " 
 
 AVilliam L. Gordon, •' 
 
 Frederick Baury, " 
 
 Joseph Cross, " 
 
 Alexander Belches, " 
 
 William Taylor, " 
 
 Alexander Eskridge, *' 
 
 (( 
 
 a 
 
 u 
 
 James W. Delany, midshipman, 
 
 James Greenleaf, 
 
 Allen Griffin, 
 
 John Tayloe, 
 
 Peter Adams, boatswain, 
 
 Robert Anderson, gunner. 
 
 Officers of the United States in 
 action with the " Macedo- 
 nian," Octoler 25, 1812. 
 
 (Eesolution of Congress of January 29, 
 1813.) 
 
 Stephen Decatur, commodore, 
 
 William H. Allen, lieutenant, 
 
 John Gallagher, 
 
 John M. Funck, 
 
 George C. Read, " 
 
 Walter Winter, " 
 
 John B. Xicolson, " 
 
 John D. Sloat, sailing master, 
 
 Samuel R. Trevitt, surgeon, 
 
 Samuel Vernon, surgeon's mate, 
 
 John B. Timberlake, purser, 
 
 John P. Zantzinger,midshipman, 
 
 John Stansbury, 
 
 Josepli Cassin, 
 
 Philip Yoorhees, 
 
 Richard Delphi, 
 
 Dugom Taylor, 
 
 Richard S. Heath, 
 
 Edward F. Howell, " 
 
 Archibald Hamilton, 
 
 John M'Caw, 
 
 H. Z. W. Harrington, 
 
 William Jamesson, 
 
 Lewis Henchman, 
 
 Benjamin S. William, " 
 
 Thomas Barry, gunner. 
 
 Marines, 
 
 William Anderson, lieutenant, 
 James L. Edwards, '' 
 
 a 
 u 
 u 
 (( 
 u 
 
 u 
 u 
 u 
 
NAVAL ACADEMY. 
 
 151 
 
 a 
 u 
 a 
 a 
 
 
 Officers of the Wasp m action 
 with the Fkolio, Octoher 18, 
 
 1812. 
 
 (Pwcsolution of Congress of January 29, 
 1813.) 
 
 Jacob Jones, commander, 
 
 George AV. Rodger s, lieutenant, 
 
 James Biddle, 
 
 Benjamin Booth, 
 
 Alexander Claxton, 
 
 Henry B. Rapp, 
 
 William Knight, sailing master, 
 
 Thomas Harris, surgeon, 
 
 George S. Wise, purser, 
 
 John M** Cloud, boatswain, 
 
 George Jackson, gunner, 
 
 George Van Clave, midshipman, 
 
 A. S. Ten Eick, '' 
 
 Richard Brashears, " 
 
 John Holcomb, " 
 
 William J. M'Clunej, '' 
 
 C. J. Baker, 
 
 Charles Gaunt, 
 
 Walter W. l!^ew, surgeon's mate. 
 
 Officers at the capture of the 
 Detroit and Caledonia^ Octo- 
 ler 8, 1812. 
 
 (Resolution of Conaress of January 29, 
 1813.) 
 
 Jesse D. Elliott, commander, 
 George Watts, sailing master, 
 Alexander Sisson, *' '' 
 
 "N". Towson, captain of artillery, 
 
 as captain of marines, 
 Isaac Roach, lieutenant of artil- 
 lery, as lieutenant of marines, 
 William Pressman, ensign of in- 
 fantry, as lieutenant of ma- 
 rines. 
 J. C. Gumming, acti^g midship- 
 man. 
 
 Officers of the Cp^STiTUTiON in 
 action with the Java, Decem- 
 ler 29, 1812. 
 
 (Resolution of Congress of March 3, 1813.) 
 
 William Bainbridge, captain, 
 George Parker, lieutenant, 
 Beekman Y. Hoffman, " 
 John T. Shubrick, " 
 Charles W. Morgan, " 
 John C. Aylwin, sailing master, 
 John Nichols, " " 
 
 John Carlton, chaplain, 
 William H. Freeman, lieutenant 
 
 of marines, 
 John Contee, 2d lieut. marines, 
 Amos A. Evans, surgeon, 
 John D. Armstrong, surgeon's 
 
 mate, 
 DonaldronYeates, surg'n's mate, 
 
 Robert C. Ludlow, purser, 
 
 Henry Gillam, midshipman, 
 
 Thomas Beatly, 
 
 Lewis German, 
 
 William L. Gordon, 
 
 Ambrose L. Fields, 
 
 Frederick Baury, 
 
 Joseph Cross, 
 
 Alexander Belches, *' 
 
 William Taylor, " 
 
 Alexander Eskridge, '' 
 
 James W. Delany, 
 
 James Greenleaf, 
 
 William D. M'Carty, " 
 
 Z. M. Nixon, 
 
 John A. Wish, 
 
 Dulany Forrest, 
 
 George Leverett, 
 
 Henry Ward, 
 
 John C. Long, 
 
 John Packett, 
 
 Richard Winter, 
 
 Peter Adams, boatswain, 
 
 Ezekiel Darling, gunner, 
 
 (4 
 
 U 
 U 
 U 
 
 a 
 
 u 
 
 u 
 u 
 u 
 ti 
 u 
 
 u 
 
152 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 John C. Cummings, acting mid- 
 shipman. 
 
 Officers in the victory on Lake 
 Ekie, September 10, 1813. 
 
 (Resolution of Congress of January 6, 
 1814.) 
 
 LAWEENOE. 
 
 Oliver H. Perry, commanding, 
 John J. Yarnell, lieutenant, 
 Dulany Forrest, '* 
 
 Samuel Hambleton, purser, 
 Samuel Horsley, surgeon, 
 William V. Taylor, sailing mas- 
 ter, 
 Thomas Breeze, chaplain, 
 Ursher Parsons, acting surgeon, 
 Angus. Swai'twout, midshipman, 
 Peleg K. Durham, 
 Henry Laub, 
 James Alex. Perry, 
 John Fox, gunner, 
 Joseph Oheeves, boatswain, 
 John Brooks, lieut. of marines, 
 James Tull, sergeant marines, 
 Wm. S. Johnson, '^ 
 
 u 
 u 
 
 u 
 
 CALEDONIA. 
 
 Daniel Turner, lieutenant com- 
 andant, 
 
 James E. M'Donald, sailing mas- 
 ter, 
 
 Thomas Kogers, boatswain, 
 
 Joseph Beckley, sergeant ma- 
 rines, 
 
 James Artis, sorgeant marines. 
 
 SCOKPIOI?'. 
 
 Stephen Champlin, sailing mas- 
 ter, 
 John W. Wendell, midshipman, 
 John Clark, 
 
 John Fifell, boatswain's mate, 
 Joseph BeiT} , corporal mai'ines. 
 
 POECUPIiSrE. 
 
 George Senate, acting sailing 
 
 master, 
 Cornelius Denicke, master's 
 
 mate, 
 Daniel Armitage, boatswain's 
 
 mate, 
 David Little, corporal marines, 
 J. Packet, lieut. commandant, 
 Thos. Brownell, sailing master, 
 Gamaliel Darling, master's mute, 
 John White, boatsw;iiu's mate, 
 Kobert Anderson, lieut. of in- 
 fantry, commanding marines. 
 
 SOMEES. 
 
 Thos. C. Almy, sailing master, 
 David C. Nichols, midshipman, 
 Clem. Shannon, boatswain's 
 mate. 
 
 TEIPPE. 
 
 Thomas Holdup, (Thomas Hold- 
 up Stephens,) lieut. com- 
 mander, 
 James Bliss, midshipman, 
 Alexander M'Cullen, master's 
 
 mate, 
 John Brown, boatsAvain's mate, 
 James Blair, lieut. of infantry, 
 
 commanding marines, 
 Jolin Brown, corporal marines. 
 
 TIGEESS. 
 
 A. H. M. Conkling, lieut. com- 
 mander, 
 Alexand'r 0. Stout, midshipman, 
 Hugh K Page, 
 
 Peter Brown, boatswain's mate, 
 Wm. Webster, corp'l marint^s. 
 
NAVAL ACADEMY. 
 
 153 
 
 c( 
 
 
 u 
 
 NIAGARA. 
 
 Jesse D. Elliott, captain, 
 John J. Edwards, lieutenant, 
 Joseph E. Smith, " 
 
 Xelson Webster, sailing master, 
 J>aniel Dobbins, '' '' 
 
 Robert R. Barton, surgeon, 
 Humphrey Magrath, purser, 
 J. B. Montgomery, midshipman, 
 James L. Cummings, '' 
 Charles Smith, " 
 
 S. W. Adams, " 
 
 Robert S. Tatem, 
 Simeon Warn, 
 Edward Bridgeport, gunner, 
 Peter Barry, boatswain, 
 Geo. Stockton, captain marines, 
 Henry B. Brevoort, captain in- 
 fantry, commanding marines, 
 John Heddleson, lieut. 
 Jonathan Curtis, serg't 
 Sanford A. Mason, " 
 
 Officers of the Enterpeise in ac- 
 tion with the Boxer, Septem- 
 ber 4, 1813. 
 
 (Resolution of Congress, of January 6, 
 1814) 
 
 William Burrows, lieut. com- 
 mandant, 
 Edward R. M'Call, first lieuten- 
 ant, 
 Thomas G. Tillinghast, second 
 
 lieutenant, 
 William Harper, sailing master, 
 John H. Aulick, master's mate, 
 Bailey Washington, surgeon, 
 Edwin W. Turner, purser, 
 Kervan Waters, midshipman, 
 William F. Shields, '' 
 Vincent L. Sassier, '^ 
 Richard O'Xeal, '' 
 
 Horatio Ewart, gunner, 
 John Ball, boatswain. 
 
 Officers of the Hornet in action 
 icith the Peacock, Fe'bruary 
 24, 1813. 
 
 (Resolution of (^ongri-ess, of January 11, 
 1814.) 
 
 James Lawrence, master com- 
 mandant, 
 John T, Shubrick, lieutenant, 
 Walter Stew^art, *' 
 
 David Conner, " 
 
 John T. Newton, acting lieuten- 
 ant, 
 John Earles, sailing master, 
 Sylvester Bill, acting sailing 
 
 master, 
 Micajah Hawkes, surg'n's mate, 
 Charles Cotton, acting surgeon, 
 Benjamin Cooper, midshipman, 
 French Forrest, 
 George Getz, 
 Ira Titus, 
 William Boerum, 
 Wm. E. McKenney, 
 Thomas A. Tippet, 
 Joseph Smoot, 
 
 Officers in the victory on Lake 
 CiiAMPLAiN, SejJteniber 11, 
 1814. 
 
 (Resolution of Congress, of October 20, 
 1814.) 
 
 Thos. Macdonough, command- 
 ing the squadron, 
 
 Robert Henley, master com- 
 mandant, 
 
 Stephen Cassin, lieutenant com- 
 mandant, 
 
 Joseph Smith, lieutenant, 
 
 John Stansbury, '^ 
 
 Peter Gamble, " 
 
 Francis Mitchell, " 
 
 Silas Duncan, acting lieutenant, 
 
 Wm. A. Spencer, '' '' 
 
154 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 u 
 
 Horace F. Marcellin, sailing 
 master, 
 
 E. A. P. Vallette, sailing master, 
 
 Samnel Kettletas, 
 
 AVm. M. Robins, 
 
 Joseph Lindsay, 
 
 Henry Few, 
 
 Philip Brum, 
 
 Dan'l S. Stellwagon, " 
 
 Roger Carter, acting master, 
 
 John Hazleton, " " 
 
 Jarius Loomis, " " 
 
 Gusta^^s R. Brown, surgeon's 
 mate, 
 
 William Caton, surgeon, 
 
 Charles T. Piatt, midshipman, 
 
 John Kilburn, '* 
 
 Thomas A. Con over, 
 
 Daniel Hazard, 
 
 Hiram Paulding, 
 
 Frank Ellery, 
 
 Joel Abbot, 
 
 Joseph S. Cannon, 
 
 William Boden, 
 
 Lawrence Montgomery, 
 
 Samuel Thering, 
 
 Henry Tardy, 
 
 Samuel L. Breeze, 
 
 Walter IST. Monteath, 
 
 James M. Freeman, 
 
 John H. Graham, 
 
 William Machesney, 
 
 Chas. L. Williamson, 
 
 James M. Baldwin, acting mid- 
 shipman, 
 
 Josefjli Barron, pilot, 
 
 Thomas Babcock, " 
 
 Abraham Walters, " 
 
 William Wright, 
 
 it 
 a 
 it 
 a 
 a 
 u 
 u 
 a 
 
 (( 
 
 a 
 a 
 a 
 (( 
 u 
 
 u 
 
 (( 
 (( 
 
 u 
 
 Officers of the Peaoock: (in ac- 
 tion with the Eperviee), April 
 29, 1814. 
 
 (Resolution of Conorress of October 21, 
 1814.) 
 
 Lewis Warrington, captain, 
 John B. Nicolson, 1st lieutenant, 
 Samuel Henlev, 2d " 
 
 Philip F. Yoorhees, 3d " 
 John Percival, master, 
 Charles B. Hamilton, surgeon, 
 Herman Thorn, purser. 
 Hill Carter, midshipman, 
 Richardson X. Buck, '' 
 John M. Dale, " 
 
 William T. Rogers, " 
 Israel Israel, 
 Thomas Greeves, 
 Nehemiah Tilton, 
 William H. Jenkins, " 
 Thomas Cadle, surgeon's mate, 
 Philip S. Meyer, master's mate, 
 Denison Baldwin, " '* 
 
 Joseph Price, boatswain, 
 Robert Benson, gunner, 
 Daniel Cole, carpenter, 
 Charles Heyer, sail maker, 
 J. S. Townsend, captain's clerk. 
 
 Officers of the Wasp {in action 
 with the Reindeee), June2^^ 
 1814. 
 
 (Resolution of Congress of November 8. 
 1814.) 
 
 Johnston Blakely, captain, 
 T. G. Tillinghast, lieutenant, 
 F. Barry, 
 J. Reilly, 
 
 J. E. Carr, sailing master, 
 William M. Clark, surgeon, 
 Lewis Fairchild, purser, 
 Joseph Martin, boatswain, 
 Thos. Rogerson, surgeon's mat< 
 
 
NAVAL ACADEMY. 
 
 155 
 
 (( 
 
 l( 
 
 (( 
 (( 
 
 
 David Geisinger, midshipman, 
 Ileiir\' S. Langdon, 
 W. B^. Randolph, 
 H. S. Lovell, 
 Frank Toscan, 
 Ashton Hall, 
 William House, 
 Thomas Bonneville, 
 William O. Barnes, sergeant of 
 marines. 
 
 The Wasp captured the Avon 
 of 20 guns, on the 1st of Sep- 
 tember following. 
 
 Officers of the Constitution (in 
 action with the Ctane and 
 Levant), February 20, 1815. 
 
 (Eesolution of Congress, February 22, 
 1S16.) 
 
 Charles Stewart, captain, 
 Henrj E. Ballard, lieutenant, 
 W^m. M. Hunter, " 
 
 Wm. B. Shubrick, " 
 
 B. V. Hoffman, ^ " 
 Richard Winter, acting lieut., 
 John Tayloe, '' '' 
 
 Samuel C. Hixon, sailing master, 
 John A. Kearney, surgeon, 
 Benj. Austin, surgeon's mate, 
 Artemas Johnson, " 
 Robert Pottenger, purser, 
 Edmd. M. Russel, midshipman, 
 Horace B. Sawyer, 
 James Taylor, 
 
 u 
 
 u 
 
 (( 
 
 Charles P. Durby, midshipman, 
 
 Alex. W. Luff borough, 
 
 Pardon M. Whipple, 
 
 James F. Curtis, 
 
 William Steele, 
 
 Frederick Yarnum, 
 
 William Taylor, 
 
 Shubrel Pratt, 
 
 George Leverett, 
 
 John A. Wish, 
 
 Z. W. Xixon, 
 
 James W. Delany, 
 
 Alexander Eskridge, 
 
 Joseph Cross, 
 
 u 
 
 u 
 ii 
 
 u 
 
 u 
 
 (( 
 
 Officers of the Hornet (in ac- 
 tion with the Penguin), March 
 23, 1815. 
 
 (Eesolution of Congress, February 22, 
 1S16.) 
 
 James Biddle, captain, 
 
 John T. Newton, lieutenant, 
 
 John T. Shubrick, 
 
 David Conner, 
 
 Isaac Mayo, 
 
 Edward Ruinney, sailing master, 
 
 Benjamin M. Kissam, surgeon, 
 
 Sml. M. Kissam, surgeon's mate, 
 
 William P. Zantzinger, purser, 
 
 Adam Kuhn, midshipman, 
 
 William Boerum, 
 
 William Skiddy, 
 
 Samuel B. Phelps, 
 
 Thomas A. Tippet, " 
 
 Joseph Smoot, 
 
 u 
 
 (( 
 
 u 
 
 (( 
 
 Note by the Author. — The oflScial reports of Commodore 
 Preble's engagements in the harbor of Tripoli contain excellent 
 commendations of Captain Chauncey — " Aug. 28. I cannot, in 
 justice to Captain Chauncey, omit noticing the very able assistance 
 I received from him on the quarter deck of the Constitution 
 
156 HISTOiiY CF THE NAVAL ACADEMY. 
 
 during the whole of the action.*' '' Sept. 3. I again acknowl- 
 edge, with pleasure, the services of an able and active officer in 
 Captain Chauncej, serving on the quarter deck of the Constitu- 
 tion." A very good sketch of the life of Commodore Chauncey 
 has been published, recently, in the New American Cyclopaedia 
 of D. Appleton &; Co., New York. — It is said that Commodore 
 Paulding, who is now the commander at the Navy Yard in 
 Brooklyn, was but seventeen years of age when he was in the 
 action on Lake Champlain, yet, such was the want of officers, 
 that he commanded a whole division of guns. He fired the guns 
 with the flash of a pistol. Yery many of the officers whose 
 names are on the above list received prize money for their ser- 
 vices in the successful engagements. The following are selected 
 from the published accounts: Com. Perry $7,140, Com. McDon- 
 ough $22,807, Com. Chauncey $12,750, Capt. Jones $3,750, J. D. 
 Elliot, Master Commandant, $7,140, Capt. George Stockton (army) 
 $2,295, Lieut. Stephen Cassin $4,552.25, Lieut. Wm. A. Spencer 
 $2,012.75, Midshipmen Charles T. Piatt, Thomas A. Conover, 
 Hiram Paulding, Henry Tardy, and Samuel L. Breeze, each 
 $1,427.13. The curious student of history will find a full state- 
 ment of the distribution of the prize money to the victors in these 
 engagements, in the American State Papers, Vol. XIY., p. 564. 
 
 There are several interesting reports of geological and medical 
 explorations, by the Pwev. George Jones and Surgeon Daniel S.^ 
 Green, in Commodore Perry's Narrative of the Expedition to the 
 China Seas and Japan, in the years 1852, 1853 and 1854,— Yol. IL 
 The Observations on the Zodiacal Light which form Yolume IH. 
 of this work are also by the Rev. Mr. Jones. 
 
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 Instructor of Ordnance and the Science of Gunnery, U. S. Mili- 
 tary Academv, West Point, and First Assistant to the Chief 
 of Ordnance, U. S. A. Second edition, revised and enlarged. 
 1 vol. 8vo, half morocco, $4. 
 
 Capt. Benton has carefully revised and corrected this valuable work on Ord- 
 nance and Gunnery, the first edition of which was published only about a year 
 ago. The many important improvements introduced m this branch of the service 
 have rendered'such a revision necessary. The present edition will be invalua- 
 ble, not only to the student, but as a standard book of reference on the subject 
 of which it treats. 
 
D, Van Nostrand'^ s Publications, 7 
 
 The Political and Military Hiftory 
 of the Campaign of Waterloo. 
 
 Trauslated from the French of General Baron de Jomini. By 
 Capt. S. V. Benet, U. S. Ordnance. 1 vol. 12mo, cloth, second 
 edition. 75 cents. 
 
 "Baron Jomini has the reputation of being one of the greatest military his- 
 torians and critics of the century. His merits have been recognized by the 
 highest military authorities in Europe, and were rewarded in -a conspicuous 
 manner by the greatest military power in Christendom. He learned the art of 
 war in the school of experience, the best and only finishing school of the soldier. 
 He served with distinction in nearly all the campaigns of Napoleon, and it was 
 mainly from the gigantic military operations of this matchless master of the 
 art that he was enabled to discover its true principles, and to ascertain the best 
 means of their application in the infinity of combinations which actual war pre- 
 sents. Jomini criticizes the details of Waterloo with great science, and yet in a 
 manner that interests the general reader as well as the professional."' — New 
 York World. 
 
 "This book by Jomini, though forming the twenty-second chapter of his 
 • Life of Napoleon,' is really a unit in itself, and forms a complete summary of 
 the campaign. It is an interesting volume, and deserves a place in the affec- 
 tions of all who would be accomplished military men." — Xew York Times. 
 
 " The present volume is the concluding portion of hie great work, 'Vie Poli- 
 tique et Militaire de Napoleon,' published in 1826. Capt. Benet's translation of 
 it has been for some time before the public, and has now reached a second edi- 
 tion; it is very ably executed, and forms a work which will always be interest- 
 ing:, and especially so at a time when military affairs are uppermost in the public 
 mind." — Philadelphia North American. 
 
 A Treatife on the Camp and March. 
 
 With which is connected the Construction of Field Works and Mil- 
 itary Bridges ; with an Appendix of Artillery Ranges, &c. 
 For the use of Volunteers and Militia in the United States. 
 By Capt. Henry D. Grafton, U. S. A. 1 vol. 12mo, cloth. 
 75 cents. 
 
 Manual for Engineer Troops, 
 
 Comprising Drill and Practice for Ponton Bridges, and Pasley's 
 Rules for Conducting Operations for a Siege. The Sap, Military 
 Mining and Construction of Batteries. By Capt. J. C. Duane, 
 TJ. S. Engineers. Plates and woodcuts. 12mo, cloth. In 
 Press, 
 
 New Manual of Sword and Sabre 
 
 Exercife. 
 
 By Captain J. C. Kelton, U. S. A. Thirty plates. In Press. 
 
8 D, Van JSrostrand''s P ahllysatlons. 
 
 School of the Guides. 
 
 Designed for the use of the Militia of the United States. Flexible 
 cloth. 50 cents. 
 
 "This excellent compilation condenses into a compass of less than sixty 
 pages all the instruction necessary for the guides, and the information being 
 disconnected with other matters, is more readily referred to and more easily 
 acquired.'' — Louisville Journal. 
 
 " The work is carefully got up, and is illustrated by numerous figures, which 
 make the positions of the guides plain to the commonest understanding. Those 
 of our sergeants who wish to be ' posted ' in their duties should procure a copy.'* 
 —Sunday Mercury^ Philadelphia. 
 
 "It hns received high praise, and will prove of great service in perfecting 
 the drill of our Militia."— iV\ Amnerican and U. S. Gazette^ Phil. 
 
 "This neat hand-book of the elementary movements on which the art of the 
 tactician is based, reflects great credit on Col. Le Oal, whose reputation is de- 
 servedly hiarh among military men. No soldier should be without the School 
 of the Guides." — New York Daily News. 
 
 Gunnery in 1858 : 
 
 A Treatise on Pafles, Cannon, and Sporting Arms. By "Wm. 
 Greener, C. E. 1 vol. 8vo, cloth. $3. 
 
 Manual of Heavy Artillery. 
 
 For the Use of Volunteers. 1 vol. 12mo. Red cloth. 75 cents. 
 
 "Should be in the hands of every Artillerist." — N. Y. Illustrated News. 
 
 "This is a concise and well-prepared Manual, adapted to the Avants wf Vol- 
 unteers. The instruction, which is of an important nature, is presented Ih a 
 simple and clear style, such as will be easily understood. The volume is also 
 illustrated with explanatory cuts and drawings. It is a work of practical 
 value, and one needed at the present time in the service." — Boston Commercial 
 Bulletin. 
 
 " An indispensable Manual for all who wish easily and accurately to learn 
 the school of the Artillerist." — N. Y. Commercial Advertiser, 
 
 Auftrian Infantry Tactics. . 
 
 Evolutions of the Line as practised by the Austrian Infantry, and 
 adopted in 1853. Translated by Capt. C. M. Wilcox, Seventh 
 Regiment U. S. Infantry. 1 vol. 12mo. Three large plates, 
 cloth $1, 
 
 "The movements of armies engaged in battle have often been compared to 
 those of the chess-board, and we cannot doubt that there are certain principles 
 of tactics in actual war as in that game, which may dt-termine the result ind«- 
 pendently. in a erreat measure, of the personal strength and courage of the men 
 engaged. The difference between these principles as applied in the American 
 Army and in the Austrian, is so wide as to have sucr* ested the ranslation of 
 the work before us, which contains the whole result of the famous Field-Marshal 
 Radetzky's exDcrience for twenty-Uve ye^rs, M'hiie jn guprem© command in 
 Italy."-^iy^et(; York Century, 
 
D. Van N'ostrand^s Publications, 9 
 
 Rhymed Tactics, by " Gov." 
 
 1 vol. 18mo, paper. With portraits. 25 cents. 
 
 " It will strike the military man, familiar with the tedious routine of drill, 
 by theory, practice, and memory, a8 a most unique and valuable method of 
 strengthening the latter, with the least mental exertion. The author is a 
 thorough soldier, and his ability as a rhymester will be conceded by any intelli- 
 gent reader.''*— -A^e-w? York Leader, 
 
 "Our author deserves great credit for the ingenuity he has displayed in 
 putting into verse a Manual which would at first glance seem to defy the most 
 persistent efforts of the rhymer. The book contains a number of illugtrations 
 representing some of the more diflBcult positions, in the figures of which por- 
 traits of severalprominent officers of the New York Volunteers may bo recog- 
 nized." — New York Times, 
 
 Maxims and Inftructions on the 
 
 Art of War. 
 
 Maxims, Advice, and Instructions on the Art of War ; or, A Practi- 
 cal Military Guide for the use of Soldiers of all Arms and of all 
 Countries. Translated from the French by Captain Lendy, 
 Director of the Practical Military College, late of the French 
 Staff, etc., etc, 1 vol. l8mo, cloth. 75 cents. 
 
 Nolan's Treatife on the Training 
 of Cavalry Horfes. 
 
 By Capt. Kenner Garhard, U. S. A. 1 vol. 12mo, cloth, with 
 twenty -four lithographed plates. $1.50. 
 
 Official Army Regifter for 1862. 
 
 New edition. 8vo, paper. 60 cents. 
 
 American Military Bridges, 
 
 With India-Rubber and Galvanized Iron Pontons and Trestle Sup- 
 porters, prepared for the use of the Armies of the United 
 States. By Brig.-Gen. Geo. W. Cullum, Major Corps of En- 
 gineers U. S. A.>; Chief of the Staif of Maj.-Gen. Halleck; 
 Chief Engineer of the Army of the Mississippi. Second edition, 
 with notes and two additional chapters. 1 vol. 8vo, with plates. 
 In Press. 
 
10 D. Van Nostrand^s Publications. 
 
 Siege of Bomarfund (1854). 
 
 Journals of Operations of the Artillery and Engineers. Published 
 by permission of the Minister of War. Illustrated by maps and 
 plans. Translated from the French by an Army Officer. 
 1 vol. 12mo, cloth. 75 cents. 
 
 "To military men this little volume is of special interest. It contains a 
 translation by an officer of the United States Army, of the journal of operations 
 by the artillery and engineers at the siege of Bomarsund in 1854, published by 
 permission of the Frenck Minister of War in the Journul des Arm^e!^ apeciales 
 et d e V Mat Major. The account of the same successful attack, given by Sir 
 Howard Douglas in the new edition of his work on Gunnery, is appended; and 
 the narrative is illustrated by elaborate maps and plans." — New York Paper, 
 
 Lefsons and Pradical Notes on 
 
 Steam, 
 
 The Steam-Engine, Propellers, &c., &c., for Young Marine Engi- 
 neers, Students, and others. By the late W. R. King, U. S. N. 
 Revised by Chief-Engineer J. W. King, U. S. Navy. Second 
 edition, enlarged. 8vo, cloth. 
 
 "This is the second edition of a valuable work of the late W. E. Kino, 
 U. S. N. It contains lessons and practical notes on Steam and the Steam- 
 Engine, Propellers, &c. It is calculated to be of great use to young marine en- 
 gineers, students, and others. The text is illustrated and explained by numerous 
 diagrams and representations of machinery. This new edition has been revised 
 and enlarged by Chief Engineer J. W. King, U. S. N., brother to the deceased 
 author of the work." — Boston Daily Adrertiser. 
 
 "This is one of the best, because eminently plain and practical, treatises on 
 the Steam-Engine ever published.*"' — I hitadelphia Pre^s. 
 
 " Its re-publication at this time, when so many young men are entering the 
 service as naval engineers, is most opportune. Each of them ought to have a 
 copy."" — Philadelphia Evening Bulletin. 
 
 Manual of Internal Rules and Reg- 
 ulations for Men-of-War. 
 
 By Commodore U. P. Levy, U. S. N., late Flag-oflEicer command- 
 ing U. S. Naval Force in the Mediterranean, &c. Flexible 
 blue cloth. Second edition, revised and enlarged, 80 cents. 
 
 "Among the professional publications for which we are indebted to the war, 
 we willinsly give a prominent place to this useful little Manual of Rules and 
 Regulations to be observed on board of ships of war. Its authorship is a suffi- 
 cient guarantee for its accuracy and practical value ; and as a guide to young 
 officers in providing for the discipline, poli.ce. and sanitary government of the 
 vessels under their command, we know of nothing superior."" — N. Y. Herald. 
 
 " Should be In the hands of every Naval officer, of whatever grade, and will 
 not come amiss to any intelligent mariner.""— ^os^on, Traveller. 
 
 " A work which will prove of great utility, in both the Naval service and 
 the mercantile marine." — BaUimors American. 
 
D, Van Nostrand'*8 Publications, 11 
 
 A Treatife on Ordnance and Naval 
 
 Gunnery. 
 
 Compiled and arranged as a Text-Book for the U. S. Naval Acad- 
 emy, by Lieutenant Edward Simpson, U. S. N. Second edi- 
 tion, revised and enlarged. 1 vol. 8vo, plates and cuts, half 
 morocco. $4. 
 
 "As the compiler has charjre of the instmction In Naval Gunnery at tho 
 Naval Academy, his work, in the compilation of which he has consulted a large 
 number of eminent autiiorities, is probably well suited for thej>urpo8edesifrned 
 by it— namely, the circulation of information which many officers, owin? to 
 constant service afloat, may not have been able to collect. In simple and plain 
 lang:ua£:eit gives instruction as to cannon, gun carriages, gun powvler, projectiles, 
 fuzes, locks, and primers ; the theory of pointing guns, rifles, the practice of 
 gunnery, and a great vaiiety of other similar matters, interesting to fighting 
 men on tiea and land." — 'Wanhingtoii Daily Globe. 
 
 " A vast amount of information is conveyed in a readable and familiar form. 
 The illustrations are excellent, and many of them unique, being colored or 
 bronzed so as to represent various military arms, &c., with more than i)hoto- 
 graphic literalness." — Washington Star. 
 
 "It is scarcely necessary for us to say that a work prepared by a writer so 
 practically conversant with all the subjects of which he treats, and who has such 
 a reputation for scientific ability, cannot fail to take at once a high place among 
 the text-books of our naval service. It has been approved by the Secretary of 
 the Navy, and will henceforth be one of the f»tandard authorities on all matter* 
 connected with Naval Gunnery." — New ^rh Herald. 
 
 "The book itself is admirably arrauEred, characterized by great simplicity 
 and clearness, and certainly at this time will be a most valuable one to officers 
 of the Navy."' — Boston Commercial Bulletin. 
 
 "Orisinally designed as a text-book, it is now enlarged, and po far modified 
 in its plan as to make it an invaluable hand-book for the naval officer. It is 
 comprehensive — preserving the cream of many of the best books on ordnance 
 and naval gunnery, and is printed and illustrated in the most admirable man- 
 ner." — New York World. 
 
 Elementary Inftruction in Naval 
 Ordnance and Gunnery. 
 
 By James H. Ward, Commander U. S. Navy, Author of " Naval 
 Tactics,'' and '* Steam for the Million." New edition, revised 
 and enlarged. 8vo. Cloth, $2. 
 
 " It conveys an amount of information in the same space to be found no- 
 •where else, and given with a clearness which renders it useful as well to tho 
 general as the professional inquirer." — N. Y. Evening Post. 
 
 "This volume is a standard treatise upon the subject to which it is devoted. 
 It abounds in valuable information upon all the points bearing upon Naval 
 Gunnery."— A^ Y. Commercial Advertiser, 
 
 " The work is an exceedingly valuable one, and is opportunely issued." — 
 Boston Jmirnal. 
 
12 2>. V^an N^ostrand^s Publications, 
 
 Notes on Sea-Coaft Defence : 
 
 Consisting of Sea-Coast Fortification ; the Fifteen-Inch Gun ; and 
 Casemate Embrasures. By Gen. J. G. Barnard, Corps of 
 Engineers, U. S. Army. 1 vol. 8vo, cloth, plates. $1 50. 
 
 "This small volume by one of the most accomplished officers in the United 
 States service is especially valuable at this time. Concisely and thoroughly 
 Major Barnard discusses the subjects included in this volume, and gives infor- 
 mation that will be read with great profit by m.ilitary men, and by all interested 
 in the art of war as a defensive force," — J^eio York Commercial. 
 
 "It is no light compliment when We say that Major Barnard's book does no 
 discredit to the corps to which he belongs. He writes concisely, and with a 
 thorough knowledge of his subject." — RusselVs Army and 2^' avy Gazette, 
 
 Inftructions for Naval Light 
 
 Artillery, 
 
 Afloat and Ashore. By Lieut. S. B. Luce, U. S. N. 1 voL 8vo, 
 with 22 lithographic plates. In Press, 
 
 Steam for the Million. 
 
 A Popular Treatise on Steam and its Application to the Useful 
 
 Arts, especially to Navigation. By J. H. Ward, Commander 
 
 U. S. Navy. New and revised edition. 1 vol. 8vo, cloth. 
 
 " A most excellent work for the young engineer and general reader. Many 
 facts relating to the management of the boiler and engine are set forth with a 
 simplicity oif language, and perfection of detail, that brings the subject home to 
 the reader. Mr. "Ward is also peculLarly happy in his illustration8.'"—J.«ie Wean. 
 IJngineer. 
 
 Screw Propuliion. 
 
 Notes on Screw Propulsion, its Rise and History. By Capt. W. H. 
 Walker, U. S. Navy. 1 vol. 8vo., cloth. 75 cents. 
 
 " Some interesting notes on screw propulsion, Its rise and progress, have just 
 been issued by Commander W. H. Walker, U. S, N., from which all that is 
 likely to be desired on the subject maybe readily acquired. * * ♦ * After 
 thoroughly demonstrating the efficiency of the screw, Mr. Walker proceeds to 
 point out the various other points to be attended to in order to secure an effi- 
 cient man-of-war, and eulogizes throughout the readiness of the British Admi- 
 ralty to test every novelty calculated to give satisfactory results-. ♦ * * * 
 Cornmander Walker's book contains an immense amount of concise practical 
 data, and every item of information recorded fully provea that the various 
 points bearing upon it have been well considered previously to expressing an 
 opinion." — Londo?i Mining Journal. 
 
 " Every engineer should have it in his library." — American Engineer. 
 
Date Due 
 
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BOSTON COLLEGE 
 
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