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Given by: 
 
 Dorothy G. Wayman 
 14 Chestnut Place 
 Jamaica Plain 30, Mass. 
 
 Some Fragments of Ancient 
 
 Masonic Lectures came to me 
 in the estate of my father 
 Charles W. Godfrey (1869- 
 1942) who was a member of 
 Aurora Lodge A.F.&A.M. 
 Thomas Royal Arch Chapter-- 
 Grand Lodge of Massachu¬ 
 setts, Jerusalem Commandery, 
 Knights Templar. 
 

 
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THE RAISING OF TIIE MASTER 
 
ROSEMARY PRESS BROCHURES 
 
 SOME FRAGMENTS 
 
 OF 
 
 ANCIENT MASONIC LECTURES 
 
 With an Introduction 
 “On Joining the Masons” 
 
 BY 
 
 CHARLES DANA BURRAGE. 
 
 Notes abstracted by R. E. Edwin S. Crandon, P. D. G. H. P. 
 
 Rosemary 
 ^ Press 
 
 Privately printed by the Rosemary Press for the use of 
 
 Members of the Order of High Priesthood 
 
 1923 
 
H£ 
 
 3 7J 
 
 ' C 7 
 
 Copyright 1923 
 by Rosemary Press. 
 
 213292 
 
DEDICATED 
 
 to the 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS CONVENTION OF HIGH PRIESTS 
 
 of the 
 
 ORDER OF HIGH PRIESTHOOD 
 
 And also 
 To the memory of 
 
 THE LATE M.*. E.-. WARREN BARTLETT ELLIS 
 
 Who was for thirty years (1892-1922) Excellent President 
 of the Order; who was also a Past Grand High Priest of the Grand 
 Royal Arch Chapter of Massachusetts; the founder and for many 
 years Editor of the New England Craftsman; a man of the highest 
 integrity, of simple tastes and most lovable; a devoted Mason and 
 Masonic student. 
 
ON JOINING THE MASONS 
 
 A young business man, finding that so many of his neighbors 
 and business associates were Masons, finally hinted to a close 
 friend that he would like to join, if he could. He knew little of 
 the institution, in fact erroneously called it an Order; had often 
 heard it was very ancient, and also that it was world-wide. 
 
 But his knowledge was really very vague, and he was in¬ 
 fluenced more by local opinion than he realized. 
 
 But, after the usual preliminaries and investigations, he was 
 notified to be present at the Lodge Hall at a certain hour, and, 
 of course, was promptly on hand at the appointed time. 
 
 As he waited, his thoughts were busy. He tried to recall all 
 he had ever heard about Masons and Masonry, but found there was 
 little, after all. They had mysteries—he wondered whether he 
 would find the ordeal too strenuous—he wondered if they would 
 put him through a searching oral personal-character examination 
 before the whole body, and hurriedly reviewed his entire life, try¬ 
 ing to recall any of his deeds that might seem to be lacking in 
 courage, in true manliness, in integrity or in honesty. 
 
 He recalled the faces of those he knew to be members of that 
 Lodge, and tried to read into these mental mirror portraits assur¬ 
 ances against the unknown terrors that assailed him. 
 
 Doubts troubled him, all manner of imaginary spectres flitted 
 across his brain, he trembled, perspired, grew weak,—and he was 
 called to prepare. All trembling ceased, all doubts disappeared; 
 he was in the hands of friends, and he had no fear. 
 
 So the neophyte passed through the solemn ceremonies that 
 attend the conferring of the Entered Apprentice Degree in an¬ 
 cient Masonry. As he sat in the Lodge, after the w r ork was over, 
 he was filled with rushing tumultuous thoughts. Why had he so 
 long delayed in seeking admittance to so wonderful and honorable 
 an institution; why had he not realized, without waiting for the 
 event to prove it, that men of the very evident high moral char¬ 
 acter who composed the Lodge, were the very men he Had always 
 
6 
 
 wanted to know better, to become friendly with, to be associated 
 with for helpful influences. 
 
 And now his hand was eagerly, warmly grasped by all, he 
 was welcomed as more than friend—as brother! The miracle of 
 it all! The warmth of the brotherhood ideal so openly apparent 
 to his soul, the unshackling of the mind fetters he had been wear¬ 
 ing, the entrancing vistas of future pleasures and happy associa¬ 
 tions opening in countless directions before his wondering eyes, 
 the keen appreciation of the self evident truth that Masonry was 
 founded upon the great foundation principles of love for his fel¬ 
 low man and obedience to the laws of God—all swept over the 
 cords of his being with intense liberating, freedom-giving, re¬ 
 sounding harmonies that searched his soul to its depths. 
 
 The first degree is the one that makes the most impression up¬ 
 on the candidate, the one that grips his soul, that is always remem¬ 
 bered, that makes him eager for more, and sends him on the long 
 journey over the devious and widely wandering paths that lead to 
 knowledge in the various bodies of the American and Scottish Rites. 
 
 He will see beautiful ceremonies, magnificent scenic and cos¬ 
 tume effects; he will hear gifted orators recall the ancient glories 
 of the histories of vanished peoples; he will, perhaps, with diligent 
 study and after long years of heavy labor, sit in the Oriental Chair, 
 designated worthy by his fellows, and called to teach in his turn; 
 but he will never forget his first experiences within the Lodge, or 
 lose the deep cut impression of the lessons taught. 
 
 And, as he attended one Lodge meeting after another, as he 
 passed through the series of initiations that ended with his being 
 raised a full free and accepted Master Mason, he found no lessen¬ 
 ing of his first impressions of both Masonry and Masons, but rather 
 a confirming of them so strongly, so whole heartedly, with such an 
 absence of any attempt to be other than cordial, friendly and hon¬ 
 estly glad of his presence and personality, that he abandoned for¬ 
 ever all doubts and misgivings, and freely, willingly, generously 
 gave of his time, his strength, and himself to the service of the 
 Craft. The more appreciation he showed, the more of service he 
 gave, the more he lived the great Masonic principles of charity and 
 fraternity, the greater the return that came to him in wide circles 
 of cherished friends, in gripping those friends to him with bonds of 
 affection, in greater breadth of soul-vision, in his larger measure as 
 
7 
 
 a man among men. He found the greetings of his brethren so 
 pleasant, that he responded more freely, and thus made new 
 friends everywhere. He received so many little extra courtesies 
 that they warmed his very soul, and made him a better man, one 
 more thoughtful of others, more considerate, more tolerant. As 
 untold thousands before him have learned, he found that the more 
 of himself he gave to Masonry the greater the benefits to himself. 
 This, too, in proportion as such service was unselfish, and self- 
 sacrificing. They who give largely of themselves win the hearts 
 and affections of their brethren. 
 
 To be called by the unanimous suffrages of one’s brethren to 
 office in Masonry is an honor, and to accept a duty; but to seek such 
 office unduly or out of turn, or by displacing any one merely to 
 make room for oneself, or to use political methods, or to make sharp 
 contests calling for electionering and its consequent disparage¬ 
 ment of the other candidate or candidates, is not true Masonry, and 
 should have no place in such an institution. The individual should 
 subordinate himself to the good of the bodies to which he belongs. 
 He should respond to no call that is not practically unanimous, for 
 if he steps aside the brethren are almost certain to unite on some 
 one with substantial unanimity. That the other is a weaker, more 
 pliable, or less able or less worthy man makes no difference; it is 
 the will of the entire body as a whole that should rule. They have 
 the right to prefer the inferior man, if they so desire. Personal 
 ambitions are out of place. Any small clique in any Masonic body 
 can always prevent the advancement of any particular brother. 
 In Masonry, however, there is no place for a row or ignoble scram¬ 
 ble for office. One good friend declined election as Senior War¬ 
 den in a Commandery because one adverse vote was cast—an ex¬ 
 treme view, but highly laudable. Another Masonic body, however, 
 recognized his worth and merit, so that he attained high rank. Is 
 it any honor to be elected to Masonic office by one vote—and that 
 cast by yourself? As between one man who has a large minority 
 against him, and another who would be chosen by a practically un¬ 
 animous vote, there should be no question. Therefore it follows 
 that there is no absolute right of succession in line. A brother 
 should gracefully retire if any considerable objection be made to 
 his continuing in line or advancing. Forcing an obnoxious officer 
 forward in line is not good Masonry, and must react to its injury. 
 
8 
 
 Always remember that our glorious ancient institution is greater 
 than any mam It should be one’s proudest privilege to serve, even 
 in the most humble capacity. In a Democracy the man of greatest 
 ability is not always chosen. The Athenians became so weary of 
 hearing Aristides called “the Just,” that they banished him! 
 
 Undue ambition, greed for place, lust for power and self ag¬ 
 grandizement are not unknown in Masonic bodies, but they are 
 alien to its spirit, for Masonry is greater than any individual. 
 
 Strike from the rolls all record of the largest, most flour¬ 
 ishing Masonic organization in Massachusetts today, and our grand 
 old institution would go on its way unhindered and unchecked by 
 so trifling a loss; nay more, erase from the Masonic map all trace 
 of our glorious and honorable Grand Lodge, with its more than 
 one hundred thousand memberships, and in the vast ocean of 
 Masonic history you would, after a few centuries, with difficulty 
 find the hole made by the dreadful calamity. Wipe all Masonic 
 organizations in the United States out of existence and Masonry 
 would still survive. How insignificant, therefore, is the importance 
 of a single individual; how potent Masonry as a whole. For Mason¬ 
 ry is indeed world-wide, of world importance, and its destinies are 
 not irrevocably involved with the life and fortune of any single 
 country. Today, by force of circumstances, it is perhaps largely 
 Anglo Saxon, but who can tell what may be concealed in the womb 
 of Time? 
 
 We know not how old is Masonry. We know it is very old; 
 because of the labors of Hughan and his co-laborers in discovering 
 so many early manuscripts, we very likely know much more of 
 early English Lodges than was known a hundred years ago. There 
 is more study by scholars; a franker attitude towards the outside 
 world; Masonic libraries are larger, more numerous and the books 
 they contain more available to the Craft. 
 
 Every new discovery pushes further back into the dim and 
 shadowy past the probable beginning of Masonry. A diary found 
 in an Edinburgh attic contained a chance entry “I was made a 
 Mason in—Lodge this night” which date was a full hundred years 
 earlier than any known record of that Lodge, already one of the 
 oldest. 
 
 As castle walls are pulled down, rolls containing ancient 
 charges drop from secret recesses; as great estates are divided un- 
 
9 
 
 der after-war burdens of taxes and maintenance, great libraries, 
 jealously preserved for centuries, come upon the market. 
 
 The rust-covered, untouched, long-sleeping chests stored in 
 
 the Vatican are known tn-aan t a in thm 1C gnH s nf manus c ri p ts t hat 
 i™ t kora—Oparin fnr r r m ™ y '^tnrie s^a wealth of ancient 
 classic material gathered in monasteries during the Middle Ages 
 when the church, almost alone, kept the fires of knowledge burn¬ 
 ing—alas! so fitfully as almost to let them die out. 
 
 Even during the Great War, a traveller in Syria found a Mon¬ 
 astery in a lonely desert burning for fuel rare Greek rolls nearly 
 two thousand years old. 
 
 Were not the long lost caves in remote Central Asia, “The 
 caves of the Thousand Buddhas” found in 1906-8 by Sir Aurel 
 Stein ? One was a cave sealed up for fully nine hundred years, yet 
 containing a room full of ancient rolls stacked like cord wood— 
 occupying 500 cubic feet of space. Not in our life times can this 
 tremendous mass be read and studied and given to the world. 
 
 Pick up the oldest known Masonic manuscript—it begins by 
 speaking of the antiquity of Masonry, even as we say it today, 
 and yet it dates to the 13th century. 
 
 Even while this brochure is in press, the world has been 
 startled by the discovery, by an expedition under the Earl of Car- 
 navon, of the tomb of King Tut-angkh-amen at ancient Thebes, 
 with vast treasure of gold and works of art, and, possibly and prob¬ 
 ably, many inscriptions and papyri, whose historical accounts 
 would be exceedingly important, and may contain new records of 
 the Jewish Exodus. The treasure is valued at over $40,000,000. 
 This King reigned as Pharoah over Egypt 3200 years ago. With 
 this expedition, the American Oriental Society is associated 
 through the presence of its former President, Prof. James H. 
 Breasted of the University of Chicago. The picture given is of two 
 of the daughters at ages of 3 and 5, of Akhenaten, King or Pharaoh 
 of Egypt, the first recorded pacifist. Tut-angkh-amen, himself a 
 son of Amenobis III, a former Pharaoh, married one of the daugh¬ 
 ters of Akhenaten. The picture is a fragment of a wall painting at 
 the palace built by Akhenaten at Tell-el-Amarna or the City of the 
 Sun, some ten miles from Thebes. Akhenaten did not believe in 
 shedding blood, so saw his cities sacked by barbarians, his people 
 put to the sword, his Empire, the greatest in the world, brought 
 
 r 
 
 
 v> tA'-v 
 
 Stub ! ^ ^ 
 
10 
 
 to ruin, while he dallied in his new pleasure palace at his City of 
 the Sun. Only his early death saved the Empire from immediate 
 extinction. 
 
 The notice of the meeting of the Supreme Grand Royal Arch 
 Chapter of Scotland, held on the Vernal Equinox, March 21, 1921, 
 carries a singular, striking and most interesting drawing in sepia 
 by a great artist, Guercino, who lived 1580-1666*. This drawing 
 of Guercino’s, entitled the “Raising of the Master,” is the earliest 
 illustration of that incident that has been discovered. It came 
 from the collection of Lord Aylesford. The following interesting 
 letter to Past Deputy Grand High Priest Crandon speaks for 
 itself— 
 
 * Guercino da Cento, Italian painter, born Cento, duchy of Ferrara, 
 1580; died Bologna, 1666. His proper name was Giovanni Francesco 
 Barbieri, and he was called Guercino from a squint in his eyes. In 1621, 
 having already acquired renown as a painter, he was invited by Pope 
 Gregory XV. to Rome, but the premature death of this pontiff induced 
 him to return to his native town two years after. About 1642 he went 
 to Bologna, where Count Aldovrandi received him in his palace and en¬ 
 tertained him with the most magnificent hospitality. Guercino adopted 
 three different manners of painting, the first in imitation of Caravaggio, 
 which being very dark, he quitted for that of the Caraccis, and latterly 
 for a style still more light and sketchy, but his middle style is his best. 
 He painted over 250 altar pieces and large historical works, beside 
 frescoes. His chief pictures are at Rome. The most celebrated is that 
 of the “Martyrdom of Saint Petronilla” which has been copied in mosaic 
 to adorn one of the panels in Saint Peter’s between the “Transfiguration” 
 by Raphael' and the “Communion of Saint Jerome” by Domenichino. His 
 other chief pictures include a “Saint Anthony” at Padua; an “Annuncia¬ 
 tion” at Milan; “Saint Peter” at Modena; “Cephalus and Procis” and 
 a scene from the “Pastor Fido” in the Dresden gallery; the “Parting of 
 Priam and Hector” at Marseilles. The galleries of Bologna, Florence 
 and Paris, besides some of those of England and Germany, also possess 
 specimens of this master. 
 
 (The Encyclopaedia Americana, 
 
 Vol. 13, page 524; edition of 1919.) 
 
rm: daughters of akiikyatkn 
 
 

 . 1 . . 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 • V 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 . *• **• 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
IX 
 
 —Copy— . ...... 
 
 Supreme Grand Royal Arch Chapter of Scotland 
 
 Royal Arch Chamber 
 76 Queen Street 
 
 Edinburgh, 23rd May, 1921 
 
 Mr. Edwin S. Crandon, 
 
 6 Craigie Circle, 
 
 Cambridge 38, 
 
 Dear Companion Crandon: 
 
 I have just received your letter of the 12th and it is a pleas¬ 
 ure to note your remarks upon the valuable etching which formed 
 the frontispiece of our Vernal Equinox Proceedings this year. It 
 was presented to Supreme Grand Chapter by Companion Joseph 
 Kent Richardson, an artist of some ability who for a time was also 
 a dealer in engravings and pictures. It came from the collection of 
 a noble house where it had been for many years as part of a his¬ 
 toric collection, but the exact details regarding its past history I 
 am not personally familiar with except that it is no doubt authen¬ 
 tic. It is now framed and in our possession. The actual engraving 
 is in brown sepia and measures ten inches by five inches. The 
 reproduction of it is quite a faithful copy. 
 
 It has some peculiar features about it in omission as well as 
 in the details which are given. The date of it is not later than 
 1656. 
 
 Being an engraving there might possibly be other copies of 
 it extant, but Companion Richardson has never heard of any 
 other one. 
 
 If I can fish out anything further about the item I shall let 
 you know, but as you are aware, very valuable things turn up with¬ 
 out much possibility of recovering their past history. In fact, 
 sometimes the past history is purposely suppressed. 
 
 It will be rather interesting to you to know that our Chapter 
 at Eyemouth, called “Land o’Cakes,” was the one in which Burns 
 was exalted and, in all probability, received his Temple degrees as 
 well, because these were given along with the Chapter degrees in 
 
12 
 
 hia time. The room is an extremely interesting one, just on the 
 border between England and Scotland. While the Cryptic Coun¬ 
 cil is chartered from Scotland, the original Charter of the Chapter 
 itself was an English one. 
 
 Faithfully yours, 
 
 ' (Signed) ALFRED A. MURRAY, 
 
 (Grand Scribe E) 
 
 P. S. A collection of the front pictures of our Vernal Equi¬ 
 nox Proceedings is becoming quite unique. If you care for it, I 
 will try to get you one. 
 
 A. MURRAY. 
 
 In the loving, devoted service that we all of us owe to Masonry 
 (for there are few indeed who have not derived some benefit from 
 their membership,) no labor should be too severe, no burden too 
 heavy, no sacrifice of time, strength or money too great. To us 
 who love her with surpassing love, the love that grows out of deep 
 respect and admiration, Masonry stands for much that is good 
 and honorable and praiseworthy in our lives; for the grateful tears 
 and answered prayers of the widowed and orphans; for heart- 
 filled thanks and gratitude for friendly hands held out to assist 
 one over the rocky roads of life; for timely aid in moral and finan¬ 
 cial crises; for helpful warnings and kindly words at moments of 
 temptation; and for our brethren’s greetings and warm, strength¬ 
 ening, encouraging hand-clasps at all times. For a Mason’s watch¬ 
 ful care never ends, it is responsive as well in the city’s crowded 
 streets at noonday, as in the lonely watches of the night by the 
 side of the sick and needy; it is nation-wide, world embracing. 
 Masonry, also, as a potent instrument for world peace, has un¬ 
 counted victories to her credit. On every battlefield her sons aid 
 the wounded and distressed, her signs, mystic and warning, turn 
 aside the shafts of death from some apparently doomed brother. 
 In silence and secrecy are deeds of charity, self-sacrifice and true 
 beneficence wrought in her name, under her sacred banners of blue 
 —the blue of the deep sea and the heavens above, the color of con¬ 
 stancy, signifying Faith, Hope and Charity—a glorious color for 
 our ancient Brotherhood of man under the Fatherhood of God. 
 
13 
 
 Out of desire to know more of what Masonry meant to the 
 fathers, what they said and did, and what forms and ceremonies 
 were used by them, I have brought together from various old books, 
 and from various sources some fragments of early lectures that 
 have come down to us. 
 
 They are so unfamiliar, so entirely different from anything 
 in our manners and customs of today; they speak so vividly of 
 days long past, and bring back to us such fragrant memories of 
 great Masons who long ago passed beyond the veil of mortality, 
 that I trust my presumption in collecting together these scattered 
 items may be pardoned. The first fragment, a broken piece of 
 the copest one of the Arch, is imputed to Sir Christopher Wren.* 
 
 Note: The notes on Wren, Desaguliers, Anderson, Dunckerly, 
 
 Clare and Preston are abridged from Albert G. Mackey’s “Encyclopae¬ 
 dia of Freemasonry,” 1887. 
 
 Sir Christopher Wren 
 
 One of the most distinguished architects of England was born at 
 East Knoyle in Wiltshire, 20th October, 1632, his father being Rector of 
 that village. Educated at Oxford, he removed to London in 1657, having 
 been elected Professor of Astronomy at Gresham College. Soon after 
 the restoration of Charles II he was appointed Savillian Professor at 
 Oxford and was distinguished for numerous contributions to astronomy 
 and mathematics. In 1665 he went to Paris to study the public build¬ 
 ings, having been appointed on the commission to rebuild St. Paul’s 
 Cathedral. After the great fire in London, in 1661, he directed his at¬ 
 tention to the restoration of the burnt part of the city. His plans not 
 being adopted, he directed his attention to rebuilding particular edi¬ 
 fices, and was appointed Surveyor General and Chief Architect. He 
 built many churches, the Royal Exchange, Greenwich Observatory and 
 many other public buildings. His masterpiece was St. Paul’s, begun 
 1675 and finished 1710. He died 25th February, 1723. 
 
 His connection with the society of Freemasons is the subject of 
 controversy. Anderson and other eighteenth century writers assert it, 
 but historical confirmation is doubtful. Mackey says that there can 
 be no doubt that he took a deep interest in the speculative as well as 
 in the operative order. Assertion has been made that Sir Christopher 
 was a member for eighteen years of the old Lodge of St. Paul’s, then 
 held at the Goose and Gridiron, near the Cathedral, now the Lodge of 
 Antiquity. The summing up of Mackey is: “Wren was a great architect 
 —the greatest at the time in England. He became invested by virtue 
 of his office (Surveyor General) with the duty of superintending the 
 
14 
 
 construction of public buildings. The most important of these was St. 
 Paul’s Cathedral, the building of which he directed in person and with 
 much energy. All this brought him into close connection with the guild 
 of Freemasons, of which he naturally became the patron, and subse¬ 
 quently he was, by initiation, adopted into the sodality. Wren was, in 
 fact, what the mediaeval Masons called Magister Operis, or Master of 
 the Work.” 
 
 Dr. Mackey places much weight on a citation by Halliwell in his 
 ‘‘Early History of Freemasonry in England” from Aubrey’s “Natural His¬ 
 tory of Wiltshire,” a manuscript in the library of the Royal Society, as 
 follows: “This day, May the eighteenth, being Monday, 1691, after Roga¬ 
 tion Sunday, is a great convention at St. Paul’s Church of the fraternity 
 of the Adopted Masons, where Sir Christopher Wren is to be adopted 
 a Brother, and Sir Henry Goodric of the Tower, and divers others. 
 There have been Kings that have been of this sodality.” Mackey con¬ 
 cludes that Aubrey’s authority, which is generally of undoubted anti¬ 
 quarian accuracy, sufficiently establishes the fact that Wren was a Free¬ 
 mason, and the events of his life prove his attachment to the 
 profession. 
 
 
 1 . 
 
 2 . 
 
 3. 
 
 4. 
 
 5. 
 
 6 . 
 8 . 
 9. 
 
 10 . 
 
 11 . 
 
 12 . 
 
 13. 
 
 14. 
 
 15. 
 
 Used ~by Sir Christopher Wren 
 
 Very ancient. Fifteen questions: 
 
 What o’clock is it? 
 
 How go squares ? 
 
 Which is the point of your entry? 
 
 How many particular points pertain to a Freemason? 
 How many proper points? 
 
 What lodge are you of? 
 
 Where is the Mason’s point? 
 
 Who rules and governs the Lodge as its Master? 
 
 How many angles in St. John’s Lodge? 
 
 How many steps belong to a right Mason? 
 
 Give me the Solution ? 
 
 What is the Jerusalem Word? 
 
 What is the Universal Word ? 
 
 What is the right word or right point of a Mason? 
 “What Lodge are you of? 
 
 The Lodge of St. John at Jerusalem. 
 
 How many angles in St. John’s Lodge? 
 
 Four, bordering on squares. 
 
 How many steps belong to a right Mason? 
 
 Three. 
 
15 
 
 Give me the solution. 
 
 I will x x x x x The R. W. Master and W. Fellows of the 
 R. W. Lodge from whence I came greet you well. 
 
 Give me the Jerusalem Word. 
 
 Give me the points of your entrance. 
 
 Give me the first and I ’ll give you the second. 
 
 I hele it. 
 
 I conceal it. 
 
 What do you conceal ? 
 
 All secrets and secrecy of Masons and Masonry, unless 
 to a true and lawful brother, after due examination, in 
 a just and worshipful Lodge of brothers and fellows well 
 met. 
 
 Where is the Master’s point? 
 
 At the East Window waiting for the rising of the sun to 
 set his men at work. 
 
 Where is the Warden’s point? 
 
 At the West Window, waiting the setting of the sun to 
 dismiss the entered apprentices. 
 
 How many particular points appertain to a free and accepted 
 Mason ? 
 
 Three. 
 
 Their names? 
 
 Fraternity, Fidelity and Taciturnity. 
 
 What do they represent ? 
 
 Brotherly Love, Relief and Truth among all right Masons. 
 At your initiation how were you apprised of your solemn 
 engagements as a Mason? 
 
 By three remarkable points. 
 
 Give me the first. 
 
 That Masonry, being free, requires a freedom of inclina¬ 
 tion from every candidate for its mysteries. 
 
 Explain the second. 
 
 That Freemasonry is founded on the purest principles of 
 virtue and philanthropy. 
 
 Will you favor me with^he 
 
 With pleasure. RiVWPsir.-^d was told that, in order to 
 confine its privileges to worthy men, and to them only, 
 vows of fidelity were required, guarded by a proviso that 
 they be not inconsistent with any law, human or divine. 
 
Square. The Junior Warden says—May God’s good greeting 
 be to this our happy meeting, from the right worthy 
 and worshipful brothers and fellows of the holy 
 Lodge of St. John, I greet you well, craving your 
 name. 
 
 Upright Level. The Senior Warden. May God’s good greet¬ 
 ing be to this and our next happy meeting, from the 
 right worthy and worshipful brothers and fellows of 
 the holy Lodge of St. John, I greet you, greet you 
 twice heartily welcome, craving your name. 
 
 Equal Plumb-Rule. The R. W. Master. May God’s good 
 greeting be to this and all our future happy meet¬ 
 ings from the right worthy and worshipful brothers 
 and fellows of the holy Lodge of St. John, I also 
 come to greet' you, greet you, greet you thrice hear¬ 
 tily welcome, craving your name. 
 
 My name is .And brethren by the 
 
 grace of God I greet you all well. 
 
 Used by London Lodge before Union 
 
 At your entrance into the Lodge, what was the first grand 
 object that met your view? 
 
 The glorious sun emerging from darkness, rising in the 
 East to open the day, and diffusing light, life and sus¬ 
 tenance to all mankind. 
 
 Through what medium did you perceive this glorious 
 luminary ? 
 
 Through the medium of the R. W. Master, when placed 
 in the East to open the Lodge, and diffusing light, knowl¬ 
 edge and instruction to brethren. 
 
 What is the next principal object that struck your attention? 
 The sun in its meridian splendour at high twelve, when 
 its vertical rays are most powerful and the cool South 
 the most pleasant.' 
 
 Through what medium did this manifestation display itself? 
 Through the medium of the Junior Warden placed in the 
 South, inviting the brethren at high twelve to rest and 
 
17 
 
 regale themselves, returning in due time to their labours, 
 that profit as well as pleasure may be the result. 
 
 And what was the third and last object of your view? 
 
 The Sun setting in the West, and inviting all nature to 
 repose. 
 
 Through what medium did this manifestation display itself? 
 Through the medium of the Senior Warden in the West, 
 who closes the Lodge by Command of the R. W. Master, 
 and renders to every brother the just reward of his merit. 
 And from thence we draw this demonstrative conclusion 
 that from the eye of a contemplative Mason the beauties 
 of the starry firmament of heaven are never obscured. 
 
 In Form Used Before the Union 
 
 “You said you came from the West—from what particular 
 lodge come you? 
 
 From the holy Lodge of St. John at Jerusalem. 
 
 What recommendation have you brought hence? 
 
 A recommendation from the R. W. Master, Wardens and 
 worthy officers and brethren of that right worshipful 
 and holy lodge, who greet you thrice heartily. 
 
 Desaguliers * and Anderson% 1717 
 
 1. I. T. B. G. C. J. H. A. T. E. 
 
 2. What is the place of the Senior apprentice? 
 
 3. What are the fixed lights? 
 
 4. How ought the R. W. M. to be served? 
 
 5. What is the punishment of a cowan ? 
 
 6. What is the bone-bone box? 
 
 7. How is it said to be opened? 
 
 8. By what is the key suspended? 
 
 9. What is the proper clothing of a Mason? 
 
 10. What is a Mason’s brand? 
 
 11. How high was the door of the Middle Chamber? 
 
 12. What does this stone smell of? 
 
 13. Can you tell me the name of an E. A. P., of a F. C., and of a 
 
 M. M.? 
 
 14. H. T. W. P. 0. T. T. P. 0. T. T. 
 
IS 
 
 * The Rev. John Theophilus Desaguliers was born 12th March, 1683, 
 at Rochelle, France. Mackey says that of those who were engaged in 
 the revival of Freemasonry in the beginning of the eighteenth century, 
 none performed a more important part than he, to whom may be well 
 applied the epithet of the Father of Modern Speculative Masonry. He 
 was the son of a French Protestant clergyman, who removed to Eng¬ 
 land as a refugee on the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, and was 
 educated at Oxford. He was a lecturer on experimental philosophy, 
 later at Westminster. He was a friend of Sir Isaac Newton and became 
 a fellow of the Royal Society. He took clerical orders and received the 
 degree of Doctor of Laws from Oxford, 1718. He continued his lectures 
 all his life and contributed freely to scientific and philosophical 
 literature. 
 
 Soon after his arrival in London he was made a Mason in the lodge 
 meeting at the Goose and Gridiron in St. Paul’s Churchyard which sub- 
 sequenty took the name of the Lodge of Antiquity. He is said to have 
 visited Sir Christopher Wren and from his conversations with him was 
 induced to inaugurate those measures which led in 1717 to the revival 
 of Freemasonry in the South of England. He arranged the meeting of 
 the four London lodges at the Apple-Tree Tavern in 1717, where the 
 Grand Lodge was constituted. In Desaguliers was made the third 
 Grand Master, the first having been Antony Sayer and the second George 
 Payne. During his administration several of the older brethren resumed 
 their visits to the lodges and many noblemen were initiated into the 
 Institution. 
 
 Dr. Desaguliers was particularly zealous in the investigation and 
 collection of the old records of the society and to him we are princi¬ 
 pally indebted for the preservation of the “Charges of a Freemason’’ 
 and the preparation of the “General Regulations.” After his retirement 
 as Grand Master, in 1720, he was three times appointed Deputy Grand 
 Master, during which time he initiated the scheme of charity subse¬ 
 quently developed in the Grand Lodge of England’s Fund of Benevolence. 
 
 He presided over an “occasional lodge” at Kew where the Prince of 
 Wales was entered, passed and raised. He was very attentive to his 
 Masonic duties and punctual in his attendance on the communications 
 of the Grand Lodge, his last appearance recorded being 19th March, 
 1741. He died 29th February, 1744, and was buried in the Savoy. Mackey 
 says: “To him, perhaps, more than to any other man, are we indebted 
 for the present existence of Freemasonry as a living institution, for 
 when, in the beginning of the eighteenth century, Masonry had fallen 
 into a state of decadence which threatened its extinction, it was 
 Desaguliers who, by his energy and enthusiasm, infused a spirit of zeal 
 into his contemporaries which culminated in the revival of the year 1717, 
 • and it was his learning and social position that gave a standing to the 
 Institution, which brought to its support noblemen and men of influence, 
 so that the insignificant assemblage of four London lodges at the Apple- 
 
 i 
 
Tree Tavern ha9 expanded into an association which now overshadows 
 the entire civilized world. And the moving spirit of all this was John 
 Theophilus Desaguliers.” 
 
 § The Rev. James Anderson, D. D., was born at Edinburgh, Scot¬ 
 land, August 5th, 1684. Removing to London he was minister of the Scot¬ 
 tish Presbyterian Church in Swallow street, Piccadilly. It is probable 
 that he was a member of the four old Lodges of London which, in 1717, 
 organized the Grand Lodge of England. Four years later, September 
 29th, 1721, he was commissioned by the Grand Lodge to collect and com¬ 
 pile the history, charges and regulations of the Fraternity from the 
 ancient Constitutions of the Lodges. His work was finished December 
 27th, and was reported upon by a Committee of the Grand Lodge, March 
 25th, 1722, when it was formally approved and ordered to be printed, 
 which w r as done in 1723. This is now the well-known “Book of Constitu¬ 
 tions.” A second edition was published in 1738. Mackey says that the 
 history of Masonry in Anderson’s book is “fanciful, unreliable and pre¬ 
 tentious to a degree that often leads to absurdity.” He has preserved 
 for us the ancient charges and regulations. In his second edition he 
 made several important alterations and interpolations which offended 
 the Grand Lodge. In 1730 he published “A Defence of Masonry,” the 
 earliest scholarly discussion of the character of the Institution. He died 
 May 28th, 1739. 
 
 Where do you keep your secrets? 
 
 Under my left breast. 
 
 Have you any key to those secrets ? 
 
 I have. 
 
 Where do you keep it? 
 
 In a bone-bone box, that neither opens nor shuts without 
 
 ivory keys. 
 
 Does it hang or does it lie? 
 
 It hangs. 
 
 What does it hang by? 
 
 A tow line, nine inches or a span. 
 
 What metal is it made of? 
 
 First Appearance 
 
 What is the form of the Lodge? 
 
 A long square. 
 
 How long? 
 
 From East to West. 
 
20 
 
 How broad? 
 
 Between the North and South. 
 
 How high? 
 
 Inches, feet and yards innumerable, as high as the 
 heavens. 
 
 How deep? 
 
 To the centre of the earth. 
 
 As Remodelled by Martin Clare , *1730, and Approved by the 
 
 Grand Lodge 
 
 1. Whence came you? 
 
 2. Who brought you here? 
 
 3. What recommendation do you bring? 
 
 4. Do you know the secrets of Masonry? 
 
 5. Where do you keep them? 
 
 6. Have you the key? 
 
 7. Where is it deposited? 
 
 8. When you were made a Mason, what did you consider most 
 
 desirable ? 
 
 9. What is the name of your Lodge? 
 
 10. Where is it situated ? 
 
 11. What is its foundation? 
 
 12. How did you enter the Temple of Solomon ? 
 
 13. How many windows did you see there ? 
 
 14. What is the duty of the youngest apprentice? 
 
 15. Have you ever worked as a Mason? 
 
 16. What did you work with ? 
 
 17. Salute me as a Mason ? 
 
 Number 3 lasted 10 years, and was superseded by a series 
 of Examination questions promulgated by Dr. Manning- 
 ham, adopted by most of the Metropolitan and several of 
 the provincial lodges. 
 
 1. Where were you made a Mason ? 
 
 2. What did you learn there? 
 
 3. How do you hope to be rewarded ? 
 
 4. What access have you to the Grand Lodge ? 
 
 5. How many steps ? 
 
 6. What are their names? 
 
 7. How many qualifications are required in a Mason? 
 
21 
 
 8. What is the standard of a Mason’s faith? 
 
 9. What is the standard of his actions? 
 
 10. Can you name the peculiar characteristics of a Mason’s Lodge. 
 
 11. What is the interior composed of? 
 
 12. Why are we termed Brethren? 
 
 13. By what badge is a Mason distinguished? 
 
 14. To what do the reports refer? 
 
 15. How many principal points are there in Masonry? 
 
 16. To what do they refer? 
 
 17. Their names? 
 
 18. The allusion? 
 
 * Martin Clare was a man of some distinction in literary circles, 
 being a Fellow of the Royal Society. In 1732 he was appointed by the 
 Grand Lodge of England to revise the system of lectures which had been 
 prepared by Anderson and Desaguliers. In 1735 he was appointed Junior 
 Grand Warden and in 1741, Deputy Grand Master. He made several 
 improvements in the ritual, translated a French work on Masonic his¬ 
 tory and an address by him in 1735 before the Grand Lodge was trans¬ 
 lated into French and German. His lectures were a great improvement 
 on those which had preceded them and continued to be a standard in 
 England until superseded about 1770 by the still better system of 
 Dunckerley. 
 
 Dunckerley's Tests* 
 
 1. How ought a Mason to be clothed? 
 
 2. When were you born ? 
 
 3. Where were you born ? 
 
 4. How were you born ? 
 
 5. Did you endure the brand with fortitude and patience? 
 
 6. The situation of the Lodge? 
 
 7. What is its name? 
 
 8. With what have you worked as a Mason? 
 
 9. Explain the sprig of Cassia? 
 
 10. How old are you? 
 
22 
 
 
 Dunckerley 
 
 How are Masonic secrets acquired ? 
 
 By the help of a key. 
 
 Is that key said to hang or lie ? 
 
 It is said to hang and not to lie. 
 
 Why so? 
 
 Because it ought always to hang in a brother’s defence, and 
 never to lie to his prejudice. 
 
 What does it hang by ? 
 
 The thread of life in the passage of entrance, nine inches or 
 a span long, the supposed distance between the Guttural 
 and the pectoral. 
 
 * Thomas Dunckerley 
 
 “No one, among the Masons of England,” says Mackey, “occupied a 
 more distinguished position or played a more important part in the 
 labors of the Craft during the latter part of the eighteenth century than 
 Thomas Dunckerley, whose private life was as romantic as his Masonic 
 was honorable.” 
 
 He was born in London, 23rd October, 1724, the natural son of the 
 Prince of Wales, afterwards George II., a fact of which he was ignorant 
 until after his mother’s death so that for nearly one-half his life he was 
 in very humble circumstances. He was twenty-six years in the navy, 
 returning to England in 1760, the year of his mother’s death, but efforts 
 to secure royal recognition were unavailing until 1767, when George III., 
 grandson of Dunckley’s father, granted him a pension and suite of 
 apartments at Hampton Court. In familiar correspondence and in his 
 book-plates he used the name of “Fitz-George.” He studied law and 
 was called to the bar, but never made much progress in the profession. 
 He died in 1795, his last years embittered by the misconduct of an ex¬ 
 travagant and dissolute son. 
 
 Dunckerley was received into Masonry not long before 1757, la 
 which year he delivered an address at Portsmouth before the lodges 
 there; probably he was initiated in one of the Portsmouth lodges in 1755. 
 In this address or charge appears a prayer written by Dunckerley which, 
 slightly abridged, has ever since been used in all English and American 
 lodges at initiation of a candidate. 
 
 Some time in 1766 or 1767 he appears to have been elected Master 
 of a lodge, and In the latter year he was Provincial Grand Master for 
 Hampshire. Soon after he was made superintendent of the lodges in 
 Dorsetshire, Essex, Gloucestershire, Somersetshire and Hertfordshire. 
 Some years after the Grand Lodge gave him the rank of Past Senior 
 
23 
 
 Grand Warden, taking position next the incumbent of the office for the 
 time being. At the time of his death he was Grand Superintendent and 
 Past Grand Master of Royal Arch Masons of Bristol and several coun¬ 
 ties and Supreme Grand Master of the Knights of Rosa Crucis, Templars 
 and Kadosh, under appointment of the Prince of Wales, the Duke of 
 Clarence and Prince Edward, afterwards Duke of Kent. 
 
 The Grand Lodge of England authorized him to construct a new 
 code of lectures, a careful revision of the existing ritual and a collation 
 of all ancient formulas. Thus he was a reformer, or at least a remodeller 
 of the system of lectures. He amplified the system of Martin Clare by 
 the addition of much new symbolism and the improvement of that in¬ 
 troduced by his predecessor. He is said by Oliver often to have visited 
 the lodges of the “Ancients” to ascertain what were the essential dif¬ 
 ferences between the two systems, and of that which was good he culled 
 the best and transplanted it into the workings of the legitimate Grand 
 Lodge. 
 
 The results are felt even in the ritual of the present day. The 
 most important was that which affected the third degree. Dunckerley 
 reconstructed the Royal Arch of Dermott and introduced it into the 
 Grand Lodge of England. By this innovation the third degree was 
 made incomplete and required to be supplemented by a higher one, 
 which should supply its deficiency. The Master’s degree, as now given 
 in England and America, is indebted for its present organization to the 
 
 labors of Dunckerley. It might, indeed, be called Dunckerley’s degree. 
 He also introduced some new symbols—the “lines parallel” and the 
 “theological ladder.” His most effective labors were almost altogether 
 esoteric and his instructions oral and his industry in this way seems to 
 have been indefatigable and his influence extensive. 
 
 In a Later Form 
 
 (Supposed to be Poetry!) 
 
 “If you are a Master Mason, as I suppose you be, 
 
 You cannot fail to understand the rule of three/ ’ 
 
 The rule of three I understand, 
 
 For the key of this Lodge is at my command. 
 
 The name shall make you free, 
 
 And what you want in Masonry shall be made known to thee. 
 Good Masonry I understand, 
 
 For the keys of all lodges are at my command. 
 
 You speak boldly. From whence come you? 
 
 From the east. 
 
24 
 
 Preston’s* 
 
 Three sections of seven questions each: 
 
 First Section 
 
 1. Whither are you bound? 
 
 2. Are you a Mason? 
 
 3. How do you know that ? 
 
 4. How will you prove it to me ? 
 
 5. Where were you made a Mason? 
 
 6. When were you made a Mason? 
 
 7. By whom were you made a Mason ? 
 
 Second Section 
 
 1. Prom whence come you? 
 
 2. What recommendation do you bring? 
 
 3. Any other recommendation? 
 
 4. Where are the secrets of Masonry kept ? 
 
 5. To whom do you deliver them ? 
 
 6. How do you deliver them? 
 
 7. In what manner do you serve your Master ? 
 
 Third Section 
 
 1. What is your name ? 
 
 2. What is the name of your son? 
 
 3. If a Brother were lost where should you expect to find him ? 
 
 4. How should you expect him to be clothed? 
 
 5. How blows a Mason’s Wind? 
 
 6. Why does it blow thus? 
 
 7. What time is it ? 
 
 » 
 
 * William Preston 
 
 William Preston was born at Edinburgh, 7th August, 1742. He was 
 carefully educated and made considerable progress in Latin, with the 
 rudiments of Greek, but on his father’s death left college and became 
 secretary to a celebrated linguist, Mr. Thomas Ruddiman. After his 
 patron’s death, Preston had a year’s experience in a printing office, but 
 his inclinations leading to literary pursuits he went to London in 1760, 
 where he entered the service of William Strahan, the King’s printer, 
 with whom and his son and successor, he remained for the best years 
 of his life, correcting for the press, editing the “London Chronicle” and 
 contributing to various periodical publications. He enjoyed the ac¬ 
 quaintance of Gibbon, Hume, and many other distinguished authors. 
 
25 
 
 His principal fame Is as a distinguished teacher of the Masonic ritual 
 and as the founder of a system of lectures which still retain their in¬ 
 fluence. Soon after his arrival in London he joined a lodge under dis¬ 
 pensation from the Ancient Lodge of London, being the second person 
 initiated. This w r as in 1762, and the work w*as under the Dermott system, 
 but Preston later went over to the legitimate Grand Lodge, with the rest 
 of the Lodge, forming The Caledonian Lodge. While serving as Master 
 he began his researches, informing himself fully and becoming a thor¬ 
 ough master indeed. 
 
 He conducted a literary correspondence with the most experienced 
 Masons at home and abroad and made great progress in the mysteries. 
 He was heard to say that in the ardor of his inquiries he had explored 
 the abodes of poverty and wretchedness, and, where it might have been 
 least expected, acquired very valuable scraps of information. The poor 
 brother, in return, we are assured, had no cause to think his time or 
 talents ill bestowed. He was also accustomed to convene his friends 
 once or twice a week in order to illustrate the lectures, where discus¬ 
 sions for mutual improvement took place. In 1772 he delivered an ora¬ 
 tion before the Grand Officers and many brethren, published by him in 
 the first edition of his work, “Illustrations of Masonry,” the same year. 
 
 He arranged and digested the lectures, employing skilful brethren 
 to visit different town and county Lodges to gain information, com¬ 
 municating the results at weekly meetings. In 1774 he delivered a 
 course of lectures on all the degrees of Masonry and for some years 
 afterwards attended schools of instruction and other meetings to propa¬ 
 gate knowledge of the science. He became a member of many lodges 
 and stimulated great increase of interest in work and among eminent 
 men. For some years he was Master of the Lodge of Antiquity, No. 1, 
 at the Mitre Tavern in Fleet Street, also for over six years Master of 
 the Philanthropic Lodge at the Queen’s Head, Gray’s-inn-gate, Holborn, 
 and of several other lodges. He became an active member of the Grand 
 Lodge, where he arranged the general regulations and revived the for¬ 
 eign and country correspondence. He was appointed Deputy Grand Sec¬ 
 retary, and engaged in much publication and correspondence. From 
 this work he formed his history of Masonry, afterwards printed in his 
 “Illustrations.” 
 
 In 1779, he took the part of the Lodge of Antiquity in a dispute with 
 the Grand Lodge and was expelled from the latter. Ten years later, on 
 a re-investigation of the subject in dispute, he and the other members 
 of the Lodge were reinstated by the Grand Lodge. During this period 
 he ceased Masonic activities, devoting himself to other literary pursuits. 
 The trouble arose over a procession of the lodge to a church on St. 
 John’s day, the Grand Lodge denying and Preston asserting its right so 
 to do. The Lodge of Antiquity withdrew from the Grand Lodge and 
 joined that at York, and Preston withdrew from all share in Masonic 
 concerns. 
 
26 
 
 He resumed his labors on his restoration and died 1st April, 1818, 
 and is buried in St. Paul’s Cathedral. 
 
 Used by Continental Masons 
 From whence come yon? 
 
 From the just and perfect Lodge of St. John, the Blazing Star 
 of the East. 
 
 (The Order of St. John is recognized as the most ancient 
 system of Freemasonry ever known, and for that reason 
 ought to be esteemed as the only true and primitive rite. 
 And the Blazing Star is commemorative of that bright 
 and luminous appearance in the heavens, which directed 
 the Wise Men of the East to Bethlehem in Judea to inquire 
 for the newly born Deliverer of Mankind.) 
 
 What brought you here? 
 
 A greeting from the Master, Brothers and Fellows. 
 
 What do you seek ? 
 
 To govern my passions, and to make due progress in the study 
 of Masonry. 
 
 At your preparation what questions were you asked? 
 
 They were three in number, viz., my age, my position in life, 
 and my religion. 
 
 Where did you travel? 
 
 I traveled three times from West to East by the North, and 
 from East to West by the South. 
 
 For what purpose? 
 
 To seek the Light. 
 
 Bro. Senior Warden, from whence came you? 
 
 From the West. 
 
 Whither are you directing your course ? 
 
 To the East. 
 
 What is your object ? 
 
 To seek a Master, &c. 
 
 In an Old French Ritual —1740 
 
 “How do the apprentices and fellowcrafts travel? 
 
 From West to East. 
 
 (By which they signified that the candidate entered by the 
 
27 
 
 West door, and advanced three times towards the East; or 
 in other words, towards the Master of the Lodge; the first 
 time being to the Square, the second from the Square to the 
 letter “G,” and the third time from thence to the 
 Compasses. 
 
 “Why so? 
 
 To seek the light. 
 
 How do Master Masons travel? 
 
 From the East to the West. 
 
 Why so? 
 
 To disseminate light to the others. 
 
 In French Ritual 
 
 What is the most powerful name of God which was enclosed in the 
 seal of Solomon? 
 
 Adonai. 
 
 IIow may this word be used ? 
 
 To put the universe in motion. And he who can attain the 
 correct pronunciation will not only have power over the four 
 elements but also possess all human Virtues. 
 
 In a Late Form 
 
 How are the three lights situated ? 
 
 Due East, West and North. 
 
 To what purpose? 
 
 Not only to show the due course of the sun, which rises in the 
 East, gains its meridian in the South and declension in the 
 West, but also to light the men to, at and from their labour. 
 
 In Other Form 
 
 In what position ought the three lights of the Lodge to be placed ? 
 
 East, North and South. 
 
 Why so? 
 
 For a reason that is universal, which dates its origin in the 
 Masonic sense from the building of King Solomon’s Temple, 
 and in a natural sense is coeval with the creation of the world. 
 I’ll thank you to explain yourself more clearly. 
 
 To prevent the Jews from practising the idolatrous rites of 
 
V 
 
 28 
 
 heathen nations, King Solomon wisely placed the chief en¬ 
 trance into the Temple in the East, North, and South, for as 
 the west side had no aperture, the rays of the sun could not 
 penetrate that quarter; and therefore the Jews worshipped 
 with their faces towards the West; they could not pay their 
 vows to that luminary because it was hidden from their view 
 by the dark side of the Temple. 
 
 Points 
 
 In addition to the geometrical point, we have a great variety 
 of other points, as for instance : 
 
 The first point 
 The cardinal points 
 Points of entrance 
 
 1st point—Opening. Reuben, first born. 
 
 2nd point—Preparation. Simeon. 
 
 3rd point—Reporting. Levi. 
 
 4th point—Entering. Judah. 
 
 5th point—Prayer. Zebulun. 
 
 6th point—Circumambulation. Issachar. 
 
 7th point—Advance from West to East. Dan. 
 
 8th point—Obligation. Gad. 
 
 9th point—Intrusting with signs. Asshur. 
 
 10th point—Investiture. Naphtali. 
 
 11th point—Placed N. E. corner. Joseph. 
 
 12th point—Closing. Benjamin because he closed the 
 
 womb of his mother being last. 
 
 The points, parts and secrets of the Order. 
 
 The Master’s point. 
 
 The Warden’s point. 
 
 The chief point. 
 
 The principal point. 
 
 The right point. 
 
 The original and standing points. 
 
 The traditional point. 
 
 The proper points. 
 
 The five points of fellowship. 
 
 The point within a circle, &c. 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
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