. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
THE ENFORCEMENT OF THE 
 STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 During the First Decade after the Black Death 
 
 1349-1359 
 
 BY 
 
 BERTHA HAVEN PUTNAM, A. B. 
 
 Instructor in History at Mount Holyoke College 
 
 SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS 
 FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY 
 
 IN THE 
 
 Faculty of Political Science 
 Columbia University 
 
 1908 
 
 A 
 
*787fo 
 
 2968 ^ 
 
 Copyright, 1908 
 
 BY 
 
 BERTHA HAVEN PUTNAM 
 
 boston college library 
 
 CHESTNUT HILL, MASS. 
 
 MUR Li’68 
 
 390131 
 
PREFACE 
 
 While taking a course of lectures on the history of Eng¬ 
 lish Poor Law, given by Professor F. H. Giddings of 
 Columbia University, I became interested in the law of 
 parochial settlement and in its effect on the mobility of the 
 working-man. My original purpose had been to give an 
 account of its origin and development and of its final repeal 
 during the era of the abolition of the Corn laws. Begin¬ 
 ning with a study of the earliest instances of national legis¬ 
 lation dealing with the labouring classes, I was, of course, 
 led to consider the ordinance and the statute of labourers 
 of 1349 and 1351, and found that although these measures 
 and their consequences had been frequently discussed by 
 economic historians, no detailed investigation had as yet 
 been made of the methods and machinery by which they 
 were enforced. This monograph presents the results of 
 such an investigation, based chiefly on an examination of 
 the manuscript sources in the Public Record Office, London. 
 
 I am indebted to many scholars both here and in England 
 for valuable assistance on specific problems, and in the dis¬ 
 cussion of these problems I have sought to make clear my 
 indebtedness. To others I am under still heavier obliga¬ 
 tions. My warm appreciation is due to my former teacher, 
 Professor C. M. Andrews, once of Bryn Mawr, now of 
 Johns Hopkins, who has given me freely of his time and 
 has helped me with many suggestions. It is not easy ade¬ 
 quately to express my gratitude to Mr. Hubert Hall, of the 
 
 Public Record Office, for the generosity with which his 
 
 iii 
 
IV 
 
 PREFACE 
 
 paleographical skill and scholarship have been placed at mv 
 service at every stage of my work—from the reading of my 
 first manuscript to the collation of my final copy. For my 
 transcripts of manuscript material I must thank several 
 transcribers, but more especially Miss Mary Trice Martin ; 
 without her cooperation I could hardly have ventured on 
 printing the appendix. In addition to making many of my 
 transcripts, she has collated with the original manuscripts 
 the typewritten copy of the text of all my documents and 
 has verified all my references to manuscript sources. 
 
 For the arduous task of seeing this monograph through 
 the press, my grateful acknowledgments must be made to 
 Professor E. R. A. Seligman. My thanks are also due to 
 Dr. Eugene E. Agger for correcting the English proof and 
 to Mr. Otis Hill, Dr. Richard Riethmiiller and Dr. Clar¬ 
 ence Perkins for assistance in reading the Latin and French 
 proof. 
 
 Through the courtesy of the editor and publishers of the 
 English Historical Review I am enabled to make use of my 
 article entitled “ The Justices of Labourers in the Four¬ 
 teenth Century," which appeared in July, 1906. 
 
 New York, September, 1908. 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 
 
 FACS 
 
 Introduction.— The Black Death and the enactment of the ordi¬ 
 nance and of the statute of labourers .. i 
 
 PART I 
 
 The Enforcement of the Statutes of Labourers by Special 
 
 Machinery 7 
 
 CHAPTER I 
 
 Account of the Justices of Labourers 9 
 
 (1) The form of their commissions. ‘ . 10 
 
 (2) Their relation to the keepers of the peace. 17 
 
 (3) Method of appointment and removal . 26 
 
 (4) Territorial districts of their jurisdiction. 36 
 
 (5) Their oath of office. 40 
 
 (6) The amount of their salaries. 44 
 
 (7) The personnel of the commissions . 49 
 
 CHAPTER II 
 
 Proceedings before the Justices of Labourers 57 
 
 (1) General description of the sessions and of the sessional records. 58 
 
 (2) Procedure in sessions. 65 
 
 (3) Clauses of the ordinance and statute most frequently enforced . 71 
 
 (4) Economic and social status of the delinquents. 77 
 
 (5) Penalties . 82 
 
 (6) Rates of wages and prices. 87 
 
 (7) Supervision of the proceedings of the justices of labourers . 92 
 
 V 
 
VI 
 
 TABLE OF CONTENTS 
 
 PAGE 
 
 CHAPTER III 
 
 The Disposition of the Money Penalties under the Statutes of 
 
 Labourers 98 
 
 (1) Period of the triennial grants of 1348 and 1352; the claims of 
 
 the taxpayers. 99 
 
 A. Tenth and fifteenth of 1348.99 
 
 B. Tenth and fifteenth of 1352.106 
 
 (a ) System of collection and distribution of the penalties . 108 
 
 (b) Embezzlement by collectors. ... 120 
 
 (c) A comparison of the amount of the penalties with that 
 
 of the tax ..127 
 
 (2) Period after the cessation of the triennial grants of 1348 and 1352. 131 
 
 A. The rights of the crown: Easter, 1351, to Easter, 1352; 
 
 Michaelmas, 1354, to November, 1359. 131 
 
 B. The claims of the lords of franchises.138 
 
 PART II 
 
 The Enforcement of the Statutes of Labourers in the Old Local 
 
 Courts and in the Central Courts 15 1 
 
 CHAPTER I 
 
 The Old Local Courts: Communal Courts of the County and 
 of the Hundred; Seignorial Courts, Feudal and 
 
 Franchise; Municipal Courts 153 
 
 CHAPTER II 
 
 Central Courts: King’s Bench and Common Pleas, 1349-1377 166 
 
 (1) The treatment of the sources.166 
 
 (2) Numerical account of actions on the statutes of labourers . . 170 
 
 (3) Clauses of the ordinance and statute on which the actions are 
 
 brought.174 
 
 (4) Classes to which the compulsory service and contract clauses 
 
 applied.179 
 
 (5) The contract.189 
 
 (6) The effect of the compulsory service and contract clauses on 
 
 the lord’s relation to his villeins.199 
 
 (7) Judgments and verdicts. . 206 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 
 
 Vll 
 
 page 
 
 PART III 
 
 Summary of the Work of the King’s Council 215 
 
 Conclusion.*.219 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 I. Account of sources. 3* 
 
 II. Documents, extracts from documents, lists and tables . 6* 
 
 A. Parliament and council . 6* 
 
 1. List of parliaments 1349-1359. 8 * 
 
 2. Enactments ... .8* 
 
 Extracts from Close Rolls and Statute Rolls. 8* 
 
 B. Chancery. {Administrative side) .19* 
 
 1. Extracts from Chancery enrollments, chiefly Patent Rolls, 
 
 and corresponding documents for the palatinates . . . 21* 
 
 2. Chronological list of commissions to enforce the statutes 
 
 of labourers issued during the years 1349-1359 . . . 32* 
 
 3. List of the 671 justices responsible for the enforcement 
 
 of the statutes during the decade . . ....... 43* 
 
 4. List of territorial districts for which separate commis¬ 
 
 sions for labourers were issued between 1352 and 1359.138* 
 
 C. Local courts under crown-appointed justices .142* 
 
 1. Quarter sessions records . ..142* 
 
 Extracts from Ancient Indictments and Assize Rolls . . 145* 
 
 2. Records illustrating the supervision of the justices in ses¬ 
 
 sion .239* 
 
 Extracts from Assize Rolls, Coram Rege Rolls and 
 County Placita.241* 
 
 D. Exchequer .. 255* 
 
 1. Extracts from Assize Rolls, Memoranda Rolls and Ori- 
 
 ginalia Rolls.258* 
 
 2. Extracts from Lay Subsidies and Memoranda Rolls . . . 268* 
 
 3. Extracts from Memoranda Rolls.289* 
 
 4. Accounts of the collectors of the triennial of 1352. A 
 
 table of figures taken from Enrolled Subsidies. Ex¬ 
 tracts from Accounts, K. R., Enrolled Subsidies and 
 Lay Subsidies.312* 
 
 5. Extracts from Accounts, K. R., Close Rolls, Memoranda 
 
 Rolls and Pipe Rolls.363* 
 
 6. Extracts from Accounts, K. R., Memoranda Rolls, 
 
 Patent Rolls and Pipe Rolls. 373* 
 
• • • 
 
 TABLE OF CONTENTS 
 
 vm 
 
 PAGE 
 
 E. Records of the old local courts . . . 391* 
 
 Extracts from Assize Rolls and Court Rolls. ..391* 
 
 F. Records of the central courts .400* 
 
 1. Extracts from Ancient Indictments and Assize Rolls . . 400* 
 
 2. Form of writs, counts, exigends, pardons for outlawry 
 
 from the Registrum, Novae Narrationes , Coroners’ 
 
 Rolls and Patent Rolls.411* 
 
 3. List of 44 reports from Year Books and abridgments and 
 
 of the corresponding records from Coram Rege Rolls 
 and De Banco Rolls .. 416* 
 
 4. Cases 44, 31, 6, 42 and 20. 419* 
 
 5. Cases 10, 17, 28, 32 and 36. . 439* 
 
 6. Cases 9, 38 and 43.452* 
 
 Bibliography of printed sources.464* 
 
 Index. 475* 
 
CITATIONS IN FOOTNOTES. 
 
 Printed sources: 
 
 A. H. R.—American Historical Review. 
 
 E. H. R.—English Historical Review. 
 
 R. D. K.—Report of the Deputy Keeper. 
 
 Cal.—Calendar. 
 
 Rot. Pari.—Rotuli Parliamentorum. 
 
 Statutes—Statutes of the Realm. 
 
 Since the full titles and names of authors are given in the bibliography, 
 in general only shortened forms are used in the notes, but it is hoped 
 that the abbreviations are all obvious. 
 
 Manuscript sources, in Public Record Office unless otherwise indicated: 
 Claus.—Rotuli Literarum Clausarum. 
 
 Pat.—Rotuli Literarum Patencium. 
 
 Orig.—Originalia. 
 
 In each case the first numeral refers to the regnal year of Edw. III. 
 Mem. K. R.—Memoranda Roll of the King’s Remembrancer. 
 
 Mem. L. T. R.—Memoranda Roll of the Lord Treasurer’s Remem¬ 
 brancer. 
 
 The first numeral refers to the regnal year and is followed by the ab¬ 
 breviation for the law term, then by the sub-title and by the number 
 of the membrane when the latter is given. 
 
 Law terms: 
 
 Hill.—Hilar}-. 
 
 Pasch.—Easter. 
 
 Trin.—Trinity. 
 
 Mich.—Michaelmas. 
 
 For the sub-titles the only abbreviations used are the following: 
 
 Breu. Baron.—Breuia directa baronibus. 
 
 Breu. Ret.—Breuia retornabilia. 
 
 Breu. Irret.—Breuia irretornabilia. 
 
 Plea Rolls: 
 
 De Banco—De Banco Rolls. 
 
 Coram Rege—Coram Rege Rolls. 
 
 The first numeral refers to the regnal year and is followed first by the 
 law term, then by the number of the membrane, and lastly by the name 
 of the county. In the Coram Rege Rolls, either “Rex ” or the name 
 of the chief justice has to be added just before the number of the mem¬ 
 brane in order to distinguish between the two portions of the roll. 
 
 IX 
 
ERRATA. 
 
 Page 3, note 2, line 5, for 89 93 read 89-93. 
 
 Page 30, note 1, line 2, for Ramsay read Ramsey. 
 
 Page 54, note 6, line 2, for 3157 read 1357. 
 
 Pag’e 69, line 8, for snpersedeas read supersedeas. 
 
 Page 73, line 7 from bottom, for “or he read or “he. 
 
 Page 200, note 6, for pt. i, ch. i, s. 7, read pt. i, ch. ii, s. 7. 
 
 Page 41*, line 16, add manor of Kirton twice. 
 
 Page 58*, for Brughbrigg read Burghbrigg. 
 
 Page 66*. for Coluyll read Colvyll. 
 
 Page 140*, line 18, for 8 July / 30 read 26 March / 30. 
 
 Ibid ., line 21, for 8 June / 30 read 8 July / 30. 
 
 Page 159*, line 7. for lohanes read Iohannes. 
 
 Page 171*, last line, for Johannes read Iohannes. 
 
 Page 191*, line 2 from bottom, for Thirty years read Thirty days. 
 Page 216*, line 23, for Iohannis read Johannis. 
 
 Page 224*. line 2 from bottom, for Regeri read Rogeri. 
 
 Page 253*, last line, for Roberti read Roberto. 
 
 Page 302*, line 3, for attacheret read attachiaret. 
 
 Page 374*, line 3 from bottom, for adudicata read adiudicata. 
 
 Page 413*, throughout extract from Novae Narrationes , for v read 
 Page 416*, line 4, for three read two. 
 
 Page 425*, last line, for concordati read concordari. 
 
 Page 454*, line 6 from bottom, for ipsuis read ipsius. 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 THE BLACK DEATH AND THE ENACTMENT OF THE ORDI¬ 
 NANCE AND OF THE STATUTE OF LABOURERS 
 
 The Black Death reached Dorsetshire in August, 
 1348, 1 and spreading first toward the west, and then 
 toward the northeast, appeared in London by the end of 
 September or the beginning of November; 2 it was at its 
 height in Surrey and Hampshire during the following 
 spring, 3 and in the northern and eastern counties during 
 the summer and early autumn, 4 ending nearly every¬ 
 where in England by the last months of 1349. 5 Esti¬ 
 mates of the mortality during these fourteen or fifteen 
 months vary from nine-tenths to one-fifth of the total 
 population; a half is probably fairly near the truth, 6 
 
 Creighton, Hist, of Epidemics, i, 116; for discussion of the exact 
 date, see Gasquet, The Great Pestilence, 71-74. 
 
 2 Creighton, loc. cit. 3 Gasquet, op. cit., 112-114. 4 Ibid., 67, 128. 
 
 5 Creighton, op. cit., i, 177, gives Michaelmas, 1349, as the latest 
 date, but Gasquet, op. cit., 160, quotes an instance in the north as late 
 as the spring of 1350. 
 
 6 Eulogium Historiarum, iii, 213, one-fifth; Le Baker, Chronicon , 
 90, nine-tenths; Rogers, Work and Wages, 223, a third; Jessopp, The 
 Coming of the Friars, 205-206, a half in East Anglia; Creighton, op. 
 cit., i, 123-139, gives various estimates for specific localities; Gasquet, 
 op. cit., 194-195, inclines to a half; Cunningham, Growth of Eng. In¬ 
 dustry and Commerce, i, 329-336, in a summary of the effects of the 
 plague and of the statutes of labourers, inclines to the theory of “nearly 
 a half.” For an accurate estimate in one district, cf. Little, “Black 
 Death in Lancashire,” in E. H. R., v. These modern calculations are 
 based largely on records of presentations to livings and on the evidence 
 furnished by manorial court rolls. The sources examined for this mono¬ 
 graph contain much information both direct and indirect as to the de¬ 
 vastation of the country. 
 
 1 
 
2 
 
 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 representing perhaps two and a half millions of deaths. 1 
 While the plague was by no means confined to the 
 labouring classes, the consensus of opinion is that the 
 death rate was highest among the poor; a complaints as 
 to the scarcity of labour of all kinds, especially agri¬ 
 cultural, of the exorbitant wages demanded by the lab¬ 
 ourers fortunate enough to survive, and of the consequent 
 inability of landowners to till their lands, arose immedi¬ 
 ately, and have been recorded by all commentators from 
 the contemporary chroniclers 3 down to the modern 
 economic historians. 4 Parliament being unable to meet 
 on account of the pestilence, the responsibility of dealing 
 with the emergency fell upon the king’s council; 5 the 
 result was the issue on 18 June, 1349, of the famous 
 ordinance of labourers. 6 The continuance of the serious¬ 
 ness of the labour problem is given as one of the reasons 
 for the summoning, for February, 1351, of the first parlia¬ 
 ment that sat after the plague; 7 the statement of the 
 commons that the council's decree is not obeyed is met 
 by the statute of labourers, not as a re-enactment of the 
 ordinance, but as a supplement to it. 8 The provisions of 
 
 ^he total number of deaths is also a debatable question; Cunning¬ 
 ham, op. cit., i, 331-332, summarizes the controversy between Seebohm 
 and Rogers on this point. See my bibliography for references to their 
 articles. 
 
 2 Gasquet, op. cit., 195; Creighton, op. cit., i, 124. 
 
 5 Of the chroniclers Knighton gives the fullest description; ii, 58-65, 
 74. Cf. also Eulogium Historiarum, iii, 213-214; Chronicon Angliac, 
 27: Le Baker, 98-100; Avesbury, 406-407. 
 
 4 Gasquet and Cunningham both contain references to many valuable 
 manuscript documents. 
 
 6 Stubbs, Const. Hist., ii, 418, note 2, 428, note 1. 
 
 e App., 8-12. 7 Rot. Pari., ii, 225b. 
 
 8 Ibid., ii, 227b; for the text of the statute see app., 12-17. The usual 
 opinion, even that of Stubbs, is that the statute re-enacted the ordi¬ 
 nance. In reality the latter was not made a statute until the next reign; 
 Statutes , 2 R. II, st. i, c. 8. 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 3 
 
 the two measures will later be analyzed in detail; here 
 it is sufficient to say that their main object was to secure 
 an adequate supply of labourers at the rate of wages pre¬ 
 vailing before the catastrophe, 1 and that the notable 
 feature of these enactments is that they constitute the 
 first important attempt of the central authorities to 
 apply to the country as a whole, uniform legislation on 
 wages and prices,—matters that had been previously left 
 to local control. 2 
 
 In considering this legislation there are two questions 
 that must be answered; first, were its provisions legiti¬ 
 mate, and second, were they effective? Among histori¬ 
 ans we find strongly opposed opinions on both these 
 points. On one side it is urged that the statutes 3 repre¬ 
 sent an endeavor to perpetuate villeinage and to hinder 
 the movement toward freedom 4 and aimed to restrict 
 wages in the interests of the employer to a degree that 
 
 1 Since the supply was to be provided in part by the compulsory labour 
 of the able-bodied vagrant, it is true, as Cunningham points out, op. 
 cit., i, 335, that this portion of the ordinance marks the beginning of 
 what afterwards developed into a poor law. I am not here concerned 
 with this later development, which was certainly not foreseen by the 
 framers of the measure. 
 
 2 For an account of the action of the central government on economic 
 questions previous to 1349, see Cunningham, op. cit., i, 270 et seq., 
 329-330, ii, 6-7; and Ashley, Ec. Hist., i, ch. 3. The closest analogy 
 to the present enactment is that of the ordinance of prices of 1315, which 
 was speedily withdrawn; Rot. Pari., i, 295; Trokelowe, 89-93; Stubbs, 
 op. cit., ii, 350. I shall deal with the subject to a slight extent in pt. 
 
 ii, ch. i. 
 
 3 Throughout this work for the sake of brevity I use “statutes” to 
 include the ordinance and the statute, except when it is essential that a 
 distinction between them should be made. 
 
 4 Eden, State of the Poor , i, 41-42; Mackay, Hist, of Eng. Poor Law, 
 
 iii, 13-17; Nicholls, Hist, of Eng. Poor Law, i, 45; Pashley, Pauper¬ 
 ism and Poor Laws, 161-163; Seebohm, “Villainage in England,” in 
 E. H. R., vii, 458. 
 
4 
 
 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 was unjust and atrocious; 1 on the other side it is held 
 that the statutes were hostile to villeinage, inasmuch as 
 they interfered with the relations of the lord to his 
 villein and lessened the dependence of the latter on the 
 former, 2 and that in accordance with the economic theo¬ 
 ries and practices of the age it was both reasonable and 
 desirable that wages should be regulated, these statutes 
 being peculiarly equitable in that they aimed to restrict 
 prices as well as wages. 3 As to their effectiveness, we 
 find that while the belief is often expressed that the 
 statutes were one factor in the causation of the peasants' 
 revolt, 4 the common statement is that they were inopera¬ 
 tive as to their avowed object and may be regarded as 
 dead letters. 5 This view is based either on the fact of the 
 undeniable rise in wages after the plague, put at from 
 
 1 Eden, op. cit., i, 39-42; Pashley, loc. cit.; Rogers, Hist, of Prices,. 
 
 v, preface, xi-xii, passim; Seebohm, “The Black Death,” in Fort¬ 
 nightly Review , ii, 270-273. 
 
 3 Petrushevsky, Wat Tyler s Rebellion (Russian), reviewed by Savine 
 in £. H. R., xvii, 781-782; Savine, “ Bondmen under the Tudors,” in 
 Trans. Royal Hist. Soc., new series, xvii, 254-256; for an important 
 discussion of this aspect of the statutes, cf. Vinogradoff, Villainage in 
 E?igland, 53-55. 
 
 3 Ashley, op. cit ., i, ch. 3, ii, 332-337; Brentano, Hist, of Gilds, 
 cxlii—cxliii; Cunningham, op. cit., i, 249-254, 335-336; Tout, Polit. 
 Hist, of England , 372-374. 
 
 * Bergenroth, Sybel’s Hist. Zeitschrift, ii, 51-86; Kriehn, “Social 
 Revolt, 1381,” in A. H. R., vii, 282-285, 477-479; Oman, The Great 
 Revolt , 7-9, 17; Page, End of Villainage, 71; Petit-Dutaillis, in intro¬ 
 duction to Reville’s SouUvement des Travailleurs d y Angleterre, xxxii, 
 xlv-xlix; Powell, The East Anglia Rising , 1; Seebohm in Fortnightly 
 quoted supra , 272; Stubbs, op. cit., ii, 420; Trevelyan, Wycliffe, 189- 
 190, 217-218. 
 
 b E.g., Powell, loc. cit.; Stubbs, op. cit., ii, 428, 473. Eden is an 
 exception, and with no reference to the revolt holds that the statute was 
 “rigorously enforced;” op. cit., i, 42. Cf. also Denton, Eng. in the 
 15 th Century, 239-241. 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 5 
 
 fifty to a hundred per cent, 1 or on the persistence of 
 complaints in parliament of the failure of the statutes and 
 on the necessity of their frequent re-enactment. 2 
 
 It has seemed to me that the simplest and most ac¬ 
 curate manner of trying to answer these questions and 
 to discover what actually happened was to examine the 
 available sources dealing with the methods of administra¬ 
 tion, 3 and to attempt to present a detailed account of the 
 efforts of central and local officials to enforce the statutes. 
 For this purpose I have been obliged to confine myself 
 almost entirely to the first ten years after the Black 
 Death ; my conclusions, therefore, with a few exceptions 
 to be noted in due course, apply only to this limited 
 period, but it is hoped that for a century in which con¬ 
 stitutional, political and economic problems have at¬ 
 tracted by far the largest share of attention a study of 
 any one sphere of administration may be valuable as 
 typical of administrative methods in general, and may 
 therefore serve to increase our knowledge of the life of 
 the times. 
 
 ! Rogers, Hist, of Prices, i, 265, 269-270, 292, 298-300; Work and 
 Wages , 237; “ England before and after the Black Death,” in Fort¬ 
 nightly Review, iii, 193; “The Peasants’ War of 1381,” ibid. , iv, 92. 
 Rogers does, however, admit a possible effect on agricultural wages in 
 certain districts. Ashley, in an article on Rogers in Political Science 
 Quarterly, iv, 398, points out that the latter was the first to try to esti¬ 
 mate this rise in wages. Other writers usually follow Rogers; cf. e.g., 
 Gibbins, Industry in England , 153, and Trevelyan, Wycliffe, 187-188. 
 
 2 Gasquet, op. cit., 197-198, presents this view with peculiar emphasis; 
 cf. also Rogers, Hist, of Prices, i, 299. 
 
 3 For an explanation of my omission of the work of the church in en¬ 
 forcing the statutes, and of my insufficient treatment of the old local 
 authorities, see app., 3-4, and pt. ii, ch. i. 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PART I 
 
 THE ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS BY 
 
 SPECIAL MACHINERY 
 
 The assertion by the central government of its right 
 to legislate on economic matters for the whole country 
 on a scale previously unheard of necessarily included the 
 duty of providing for the administration of the legisla¬ 
 tion; the special machinery devised for this purpose 
 must first be described. 
 

 
 
CHAPTER I 
 
 ACCOUNT OF THE JUSTICES OF LABOURERS 
 
 The lack of accurate knowledge as to the extent of 
 the enforcement of the statutes of labourers is in no way 
 more clearly shown than by the fact that there has not 
 even been unanimity among historians as to whether 
 these statutes were, in the beginning, as was certainly the 
 case later, included in the jurisdiction of the justices of 
 the peace or whether they were left to a separate com¬ 
 mission . 1 My first task, therefore, is to establish the 
 identity of the justices mentioned in the ordinance and 
 the statute . 2 
 
 1 1 am indebted to Professor Cheyney for having called my attention 
 to this question and to Professor C. A. Beard for many valuable sug¬ 
 gestions. Lambard ( Eirenarcha, 562-3), referring to the statutes for 
 the regulation of the sessions of the justices of the peace, writes: “The 
 first of these foure Statutes" (i.e., 25 Edw. Ill, c. 8) “doth (in shew, 
 and in common opinion) concerne the Sessions of the Iustices of Peace, 
 but in truth it belongeth not at all to them: for it was made to direct 
 the Iustices of Labourers in the times of holding their sessions: and 
 they were not Commissioners of the peace, but speciall Iustices for the 
 causes of Labourers alone, not resiant in the countrey, but sent downe 
 for the time of that seruice, as it may expressely appeare, not onely by 
 the preamble and all the parts of the said statute it selfe, but also by the 
 statutes 28 Ed. Ill, cap. 5, 31 E. Ill, cap. 6, and 34 E. Ill, cap. 11, 
 during all of which time also, the Wardens of the peace were neither 
 called Iustices by any Statute, nor authorized to deale with Labourers." 
 For the same view cf. Howard, The King's Peace, 40, and Beard, 
 Justice of the Peace, 60-61. For the theory that the persons assigned 
 to execute the statutes of labourers were probably the keepers of the 
 peace, see Reeves, Hist, of Eng. Law, ii, 330. The historians of the 
 English Poor Law have usually shirked the question altogether. 
 
 2 The main portions of this section and of section 2 have already ap¬ 
 peared in my article on the “Justices of Labourers" in E. H. R., xxi. 
 
 0 
 
IO 
 
 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 (i) The form of their commissions. —From the point 
 of view of the jurisdiction of the justices responsible for 
 the enforcement of the statutes of labourers and, there¬ 
 fore, also from the point of view of the form of their 
 commissions, four periods are distinguishable for the 
 reign of Edward III, three of which fall within the 
 decade 1349-1359. 1 
 
 1. Of these the first, running from 18 June, 1349, the 
 date of the ordinance of labourers, to February, 1351, 
 the date of the statute of labourers, or more strictly to 
 15 March, the date of the first commission issued as a 
 result of the statute, 2 was a period of various administra¬ 
 tive experiments. The ordinance, while specifying the 
 duties of existing local officials, bailiffs, constables, etc., 
 merely refers in the victuallers’ clause 3 to iusticiariis per 
 nos assignandis, with no account of their powers; one 
 must turn to chancery enrollments for information as to 
 these justices. On 20 February, 1350, a commission for 
 seven counties was issued for the preservation of the 
 peace and the enforcement of the ordinance of labourers; 4 
 on 15 June a commission for the enforcement of the 
 ordinance was issued by the bishop of Durham for five 
 districts within his palatinate; 5 commissions were also 
 
 1 For the fourth period, see the article just mentioned, 526-527. 
 
 J App., 34. 3 App., 11. 
 
 4 “ De pace conseruanda;” app., 33. As I am here dealing with 
 justices I have omitted from the discussion in the text the two earliest 
 recorded commissions issued in pursuance of the ordinance, namely, 
 one of 6 Dec., 1349 to the chancellor of the university and to the mayor 
 of Oxford, app., 33, and one of 8 Dec. to the mayor and sheriffs of 
 London, app., 33 , note 1. 
 
 5 App., 27, and note 3. Mr. Lapsley in The County Palatine of 
 Durham , 257, note 3, refers to a commission to execute the statute of 
 labourers in Rot. Hatfield, ann. 1, m id, curs. 30; evidently by an 
 error, as the first year of Bishop Hatfield’s pontificate was 1345, and 
 therefore previous to the labour legislation. 
 
THE JUSTICES OF LABOURERS 
 
 II 
 
 issued for the enforcement of the ordinance on 20 Octo¬ 
 ber for Lancaster, 1 and on 12 and 18 November for 
 Lindsey and Suffolk respectively; 2 while from sources 
 other than the Patent Rolls there is evidence that for this 
 same year justices were executing - the ordinance in Dor¬ 
 set, 3 Essex, 4 Northampton 5 and Surrey, 6 and in Lindsey 7 
 even previous to November, 1350. In the case of both 
 Dorset 8 and Lindsey 9 the Patent Rolls show that these 
 same men were already acting as keepers of the peace. 
 There is, therefore, a total of sixteen commissions, 10 nine 
 
 1 “De inquirendo de malefactoribus in comitatu Lancastrie;” app., 
 34. Henry of Lancaster received palatine rights on 6 March, 1351,* 
 R. D. K., xxx, v. During the rest of the decade therefore commis¬ 
 sions were issued by him instead of by the king; cf. p. 16, infra. 
 
 2 “De operariis castigandis;’’ app., 34. Although this document 
 was printed by Rymer, the only reference to it that I have found in 
 modern writers is in Creighton, Hist, of Epidemics , i, 182: “The same 
 ordinance ( i. <?., 23 Edw. Ill), with some added paragraphs, was re¬ 
 issued on the 18th November, 1350, to the county of Suffolk and to the 
 district of Lindsey (Lincolshire).” The text shows that the document 
 is a commission to justices, not a re-issue of the ordinance. 
 
 3 Mem. L. T. R., 31, Hill., Recorda, rot. 9, Somerset’ Dorset’, “ De 
 vicecomite commisso prisone quiasupersedit levacioni debitorum Regis;’’ 
 a reference to “ Roberto fitz Pavn et Iohanne de Munden et sociis suis 
 custodibus pacis et ad excessus operariorum Regis in comitatu Dorset’ 
 anno xxmi . 
 
 4 App., D, 1. 
 
 5 Orig., 24, m. 33, 12 June, “ De compellendo stipendarios soluere 
 excessiua per ipsos recepta subtaxatoribus;’’ Walter de Mauny and his 
 companions are referred to as having power to enforce the ordinance; 
 the wording indicates powers for the preservation of the peace also. On 
 the same roll there is a similar reference to William de Thorp and his 
 companions as acting in Leicester. 
 
 6 App., 248-249. 7 App., 242-243. 
 
 8 Pat., 23, pt. 2, m. 27 d, 1 July; Cal., viii, 382. 
 
 9 App., 243, note 1. 
 
 10 The commission for the several divisions of Durham is counted as 
 only one. 
 
12 
 
 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 of which certainly included jurisdiction both for the pre¬ 
 servation of the peace and under the ordinance of labour¬ 
 ers. For the same period there are a number of separate 
 commissions of the peace, 1 so that evidently neither sys¬ 
 tem had become fixed. 
 
 The experimental character of these first attempts at 
 enforcement is shown by the varying forms of the above 
 commissions. That for Durham is sui generis , couched 
 in vague terms, scarcely intelligible, but for the marginal 
 heading; the joint commission 2 includes eight important 
 clauses: i. The preservation of the peace under the 
 statutes of Winchester and Northampton. 2. Powers of 
 array. 3. Inquiry by sworn inquest as to the violence 
 committed by vast multitudes of malefactors. 4. Inquiry 
 as to labourers who had received excess wages contrary 
 to the ordinance. 5. Inquiry as to misappropriation by 
 local officials, bailiffs, etc., of the penalties imposed on 
 such labourers. 6. Inquiry as to similar misappropria¬ 
 tion by the subsidy collectors. 3 7. Punishment of 
 offences against any portion of the ordinance. 8. Power 
 of two of the commission to hear and determine cases of 
 homicide and felony. 4 The commission for Lancaster 
 omits clauses 1, 2, and 8, but contains an almost exact 
 duplicate of the remainder of the joint commission, with 
 merely slight verbal variations in clause 3. The form of 
 the commissions for Lindsey and Suffolk is, however, 
 
 ^at., 23, pt. 2, m. 27 d, Cal., viii, 382-383; 24, pt. 1, m. 38 d, Cal., 
 516. 
 
 2 “Joint commission” is used throughout to describe commissions 
 having jurisdiction over both the preservation of the peace and the sta¬ 
 tutes of labourers. 
 
 3 For the duties of the collectors, cf. pt. 1, ch. iii, s. 1, A. 
 
 K The usual instructions to the sheriff and the authority to hear and 
 determine unfinished indictments are not touched on in this analysis. 
 
THE JUSTICES OF LABOURERS 
 
 13 
 
 entirely different; the letter patent begins with the 
 recital of the whole ordinance and continues with the 
 statement that in consequence of the complaints of its 
 non-observance that have reached the council, special 
 justices are now appointed to punish all offenders against 
 the measure, ending with the reservation that these jus¬ 
 tices are not to interfere with the rights of the justices 
 of the peace or of the collectors of the subsidy. 
 
 In view of the small proportion of counties here repre¬ 
 sented one is somewhat puzzled by the clause in the pre¬ 
 amble to the statute of labourers : Sur qoi commissions 
 furent faites as diuerses gentz en chescun counte denquere 
 et punir touz ceanx que venissent au contraire . 1 The 
 length of time between June, the date of the ordinance, 
 and the following February, the date of the first enrolled 
 commission, 2 is also difficult to explain. It seems prob¬ 
 able either that, as in the case of the five counties men¬ 
 tioned, commissions similar to those recorded, or at least 
 supplementary instructions to the existing keepers of the 
 peace, had failed to get enrolled, 3 or that some other set 
 of officials received the powers referred to in the pre¬ 
 amble. The evidence in favor of this last possibility will 
 be given in full later. 4 
 
 2. The second period, from 15 March, 1351, to De¬ 
 cember, 1352, was one of joint commissions of the peace 
 and for labourers. 5 It has already been emphasized that 
 the statute of labourers passed in February, 1351, was 
 not a re-enactment of the ordinance but a supplement to 
 
 J App., 12. 2 Cf. p. 10, note 4, supra. 
 
 3 For the years 1351-1359 the indications are that comparatively few 
 commissions were omitted from the Patent Rolls, cf. p. 21, note 1. 
 
 4 Pt. 1, ch. iii, s. 1, A. 
 
 5 For conciseness I use this phrase in place of “ commissions to en¬ 
 force the statutes of labourers.” 
 
14 
 
 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 it; 1 its importance consisted mainly in the much-needed 
 administrative details 2 and in the definite mention of addi¬ 
 tional classes of labourers and of specific rates of wages. 
 While many duties are still left to local officials, the 
 “ justices” who are to be assigned, and who are described 
 as coming into the country to hold their sessions, are 
 given, in successive clauses, full powers in regard to the 
 labour legislation, including the responsibility for inquir¬ 
 ing into the misdeeds of local officials and also for hand¬ 
 ing over to the collectors of the current tenth and 
 fifteenth the penalties arising from infringements of the 
 act. Every phrase in the text serves to confirm Lam- 
 bard's inference that these justices were “ speciall Iustices 
 for the causes of Labourers alone.” 3 Hence it is a dis¬ 
 tinct surprise to find that the form of the first commis¬ 
 sions issued as the result of the statute duplicates almost 
 exactly that of the joint commissions of the first period. 4 
 The first three clauses as to the peace, array and violence 
 of malefactors, are identical in phraseology; clause 4, in¬ 
 stead of referring merely to excess wages as does the 
 corresponding clause of the earlier commission, has be¬ 
 come a general clause for the enforcement of both the 
 ordinance and the statute of labourers ; clauses 5 and 6 
 relating to the supervision of certain officials are exactly 
 identical; clause 7, on the punishment of all offences 
 against the legislation, has only slight verbal modifica¬ 
 tions ; while clause 8, dealing with homicides and felon¬ 
 ies, is considerably amplified. Commissions of the type 
 just described were now issued for forty-two districts, 
 
 1 Introduction, p. 2. 
 
 t Ibid.; the complaints that the ordinance is not obeyed find expres¬ 
 sion in the preamble to the statute; evidently the first system of ad¬ 
 ministration had proved a failure. 
 
 z Supra, p. 9, note 1. 
 
 4 App., 21-24, and 34. 
 
THE JUSTICES OF LABOURERS 
 
 15 
 
 comprising thirty-nine counties and three towns 1 and 
 during the following year commissions varying slightly 
 in phraseology but all including jurisdiction over both 
 the peace and the statutes of labourers were appointed 
 for several counties and for a number of towns. 2 
 
 3. The third period, from December, 1352 to Novem¬ 
 ber, 1359, is a period of separate commissions of the 
 peace and for labourers, issued systematically for practi¬ 
 cally the whole country. 248 commissions are recorded 
 on the Patent Rolls; 3 the jurisdiction of those enrolled 
 during the first five years was limited to the statutes of 
 labourers, 4 but in 1357 it was extended to include the 
 enforcement of uniform standards of weights and meas¬ 
 ures. 5 The form has been greatly simplified. The first 
 three clauses as to the peace, array and violence of male¬ 
 factors and clause 8 dealing with homicides and felonies 
 have, of course, disappeared, as well as clause 6 provid¬ 
 ing for the supervision of the collectors; 6 clause 4, the 
 
 x App., 34. 2 App., 34-35. 
 
 s App., 35-42. It must be remembered that in some counties the old 
 joint commissions were not superseded for several years; cf. e. g., Mid¬ 
 dlesex which had no separate commission for labourers until 1 Oct. of 
 the 29th year. 4 App., 24-25. 
 
 5 In 1351 a statute had entrusted the enforcement of the uniformity of 
 
 weights and measures to justices to be assigned by the king in each 
 
 county whenever there should be need; Statutes , 25 Edw. Ill, st. 5, 
 cc. 9 and 10. Cf. Pat., 27, pt. 3, m. 10 d, 4 Dec. (Cal., ix, 541). In 
 1353 and again in 1355 the commons petition, apparently in vain, that 
 justices of labourers shall have jurisdiction over weights and measures 
 (Rot. Pari., ii, 252b-253a, 265b); yet only two years later without any 
 statutory change, the regular form of their commission includes this 
 jurisdiction; see app., 25-27. As a result of a petition in parliament 
 (Rot. Pari., ii, 260a) a statute had also given to justices of labourers the 
 power to punish these who sold iron at an excessive price; see app., 17- 
 18. It is not easy to understand the necessity for such an enactment. 
 
 6 All but clause 6 re-appear in the form of the commission of the peace 
 of the period; cf. e. g., Pat., 30, pt. 1, m. 20 d, 12 Feb.; “ De custodia 
 pads.” 
 
x6 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 general clause for the enforcement of the legislation, has 
 now become the opening clause, and is followed by the 
 clause for the supervision of local officials (formerly 
 clause 5), and by the clause on the punishment of all 
 offences against both the ordinance and the statute (for¬ 
 merly clause 7). Usually the power to hear and deter¬ 
 mine unfinished indictments is included in this last. The 
 only important modification is the addition of the clause 
 concerning weights and measures. 
 
 In the case of the counties palatine there is less evi¬ 
 dence as to the form of the commissions. 1 For Chester 
 the first entry on the Recognizance Rolls is a reference 
 to a commission for Flint, apparently dated 30 Sep¬ 
 tember, 1360; 2 but other sources show that justices of 
 labourers, evidently on commissions distinct from those 
 of the peace, were acting in Chester in 1352, 1353, 1356, 
 1 357 » I 35 ^ and I 359 - 3 For Durham, although the 
 statute is punctually enrolled on the Cursitor’s Roll, 4 I 
 have found no record of any commission issued between 
 that of 1350, already described, and one of 1369. 5 For 
 Lancaster, commissions for labourers entered on the 
 Chancery Rolls were issued in 1355, 6 1357 7 and 1359; 8 
 
 1 1 have examined the manuscript evidence for the commissions for 
 labourers only. 
 
 ‘ 2 “Commissio Ken ap Roppert ad inquirendum de operatoribus et 
 artificibus,” 30 Sept., 34th year; Recognizance Roll, no. 43, m. 1. Cf. 
 Calendar in R. D. K., xxxvi, app. 2, 409. I have reason to believe 
 that the date should be a year later, but the discussion of this point does 
 not belong to this monograph. 
 
 3 App., 145-149. 
 
 4 Cursitors’ Records, 30, rot. 1, Hatfield, ann. 6, m. 6 d; cf. Lapsley, 
 op. cit., 125. For calendar, see app., 19-20. 
 
 5 Rytner, iii, pt. 2, 863; Lapsley, op. cit., 179. 
 
 6 App., 29-31; there is some difficulty as to the date. 7 App., 27. 
 
 8 Duchy of Lancaster, Chancery Rolls of the Palatinate, ii, no. 38d; 
 
THE JUSTICES OF LABOURERS 
 
 I? 
 
 the first of these differs slightly from the typical com¬ 
 mission for the rest of England, but the last two are 
 verbally identical with the form as finally fixed after the 
 inclusion of weights and measures. 
 
 On 4 November, 1359, writs of supersedeas were issued 
 to all justices of labourers throughout England; 1 never 
 again, except for the palatinates, was a separate commis¬ 
 sion for labourers appointed. Henceforth a study of the 
 form of the commission of the justices responsible for 
 enforcing the labour legislation becomes a study of the 
 form of the commission of the justices of the peace. 2 
 
 (2) Their relation to the keepers of the peace .—For 
 the time previous to the statute, it has been shown that 
 the data are insufficient to warrant authoritative state¬ 
 ments as to the number or the jurisdiction of the justices 
 appointed; 3 all that can be safely asserted is that the 
 period was one of experiments, apparently not favorable 
 to the separate commissions, since with the enactment 
 of the statute the consolidation of the commissions of 
 the peace and for labourers was universal throughout 
 the country. 4 The number of men assigned to each 
 commission varies from five to ten, six, eight or nine 
 being very usual; but from the first series of writs for 
 the payment of wages, it appears that usually only two 
 or three of the justices appointed to a given district 
 were receiving salaries, their double set of duties being 
 
 “ Iusticiarii assignati de operariis et mensuris;” 26 April, gth year of the 
 duke. There is also an association on the same roll, no. igd, 3 May, 
 6th year. For calendar see app., 20. 
 
 1 App., 31-32. 
 
 2 See my article in E. H. R., 526-527. 
 
 z See preceding section. 
 
 4 With the exception of the palatinates. 
 
!g ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 specified in the writs. 1 It seems probable, however, that 
 some differentiation of the work soon arose; in the next 
 series of writs for wages, issued at a date when the joint 
 commissions were everywhere in force, the men on the 
 pay roll, comprising as before, only a small proportion 
 of the whole commission, are now described as assigned 
 merely to execute the statutes of labourers. 2 The ex¬ 
 planation of the change may possibly be found in the 
 application to the subsidy of January, 1352, of the money 
 penalties under the statutes of labourers. The full dis¬ 
 cussion of this experiment in taxation is reserved for a 
 later section; 3 here it is to the point to note that, since 
 the scheme necessitated the separation of the estreats 
 of the penalties under the statutes of labourers from 
 those for the infringement of the peace, and also put ad¬ 
 ditional pressure of work on the justices who were re¬ 
 sponsible for the statutes, recourse to a division of 
 duties and to separate sessions may easily have seemed 
 advisable. 4 Dissatisfaction with existing conditions is 
 
 ‘Claus., 25, m. 16; 12 July: “ De vadiis pro iusticiariis assignatis 
 soluendis." Cal., ix, 314-317. 
 
 2 App., D, 2, contains an example of an original writ to de Meignill in 
 Derby and also his receipt for payment. There are similar writs to 
 two of his colleagues while the commission for this county includes 
 eleven names; Pat., 25, pt. 1, m. 14 d; 15 March. Ibid., m. 13 d; 15 
 July and 20 July. 
 
 A full list of such writs are enrolled Claus., 26, m. 16; 1 May: “ De 
 vadiis soluendis iusticiariis ad inquirendum de operariis assignatis." 
 With a slightly different form of writ,—" Aliter de huiusmodi vadiis 
 soluendis"—the list is continued on the same membrane under the date 
 of 20 June. These lists are summarized in Cal., ix, 436-437 and printed 
 in part in Rot. Pari., ii, 455 a and b. Nearly all the justices named 
 appear on the joint commissions of the 25th year; app., 34. For this 
 whole subject, cf. pt. 1, ch. iii, s. 1, B, a. 
 
 s Pt. 1, ch. iii, s. 1, B. 
 
 4 It is possible that the estreats of penalties “ coram Iohanne de Bern- 
 
THE JUSTICES OF LABOURERS 
 
 19 
 
 recorded several times in petitions of the commons; 1 
 but toward the end of 1352, with no apparent connec¬ 
 tion with any of these petitions, 2 the issue of separate 
 commissions for labourers began tentatively and spas¬ 
 modically, and continued with increasing regularity. 
 The following table shows the number of districts for 
 which the two series of commissions, of the peace and 
 for labourers, were issued during the eight years when 
 the system of joint commissions was in abeyance. 3 
 
 eye et sociis suis ad pacem in comitatu Norff obseruandam assignatis,” 
 covering the years 24-28 Edw. Ill, indicate sessions of the peace dis¬ 
 tinct from those for labourers. During the first two years mentioned 
 de Berneye was serving on the joint commissions of 1350 and 1351, and 
 yet the estreats contain no reference to offences against the statutes of 
 labourers. For the case of de Berneye, see next section and pt. 1, ch. 
 ii, s. 1. 
 
 1 These petitions are analysed in the next section. 
 
 2 It is to be noted that there was not at any time during the decade 
 any statutory enactment as to the separation or the consolidation of the 
 two commissions. 
 
 3 This table is made up on the basis of the lists in app., 35-42; the last 
 two columns show the frequency with which two sets of commissions 
 were issued for a given district on different dates and often for a given 
 district on the same date. 
 
20 
 
 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 
 Districts 
 
 Number of Commis¬ 
 sions in each Series 
 issued for 
 
 Regnal Year. 
 
 Commissions. 
 
 Counties. 
 
 Towns. 
 
 Liberties, Wapen¬ 
 takes, Manors, 
 etc. 
 
 1 
 
 Total Number of 
 
 Districts. 
 
 the same Districts 
 
 on same day of 
 
 month. 
 
 the same Dis¬ 
 
 tricts, 
 
 /,£ J 
 
 Peace. 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 - 
 
 3 \ 
 
 
 
 20 < 
 
 Labourers. 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 — 
 
 4 f 
 
 I 
 
 2 
 
 
 ......... 
 
 13 
 
 1 7 
 
 c 
 
 
 18 1 
 
 
 
 27 i 
 
 Labourers. 
 
 D 
 
 5 
 
 — 
 
 2 2 ] 
 
 11 
 
 5 
 
 281 
 
 Peace. 
 
 26 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 32 \ 
 
 
 & 
 
 281 
 
 Labourers. 
 
 3 i 
 
 4 
 
 12 
 
 47 f 
 
 
 O 
 
 f 
 
 Peace. 
 
 15 
 
 2 
 
 — 
 
 17 \ 
 
 
 
 29 1 
 
 Labourers. 
 
 59 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 68 f 
 
 5 
 
 12* 
 
 f 
 
 Peace . 
 
 18 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 26 \ 
 
 - 
 
 
 30 \ 
 
 Labourers. 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 19 
 
 42 i 
 
 ** 
 
 7 
 
 r 
 
 Pp 5 PP ......... 
 
 T O 
 
 
 
 10) 
 
 
 
 31 { 
 
 JL vuvv * * * 4 * 
 
 Labourers. 
 
 41 
 
 2 
 
 — 
 
 43} 
 
 — 
 
 7 
 
 r 
 
 . 
 
 t n 
 
 
 
 TO 1 
 
 
 
 32 1 
 
 Labourers. 
 
 9 
 
 2 
 
 I 
 
 
 — 
 
 5 
 
 
 Peace. 
 
 44 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 441 
 
 
 
 331 
 
 Labourers-- 
 
 9 
 
 1 
 
 — 
 
 10 / 
 
 
 9 
 
 The total number of men appointed between 1349 and 
 
 1 359 to enforce the statutes of labourers was 671. * 1 While 
 “justices of labourers'’ is commonly used in contem¬ 
 porary documents to refer to those members of the joint 
 commissions having to do with the labour legislation, 2 
 
 1 Of course this by no means adequately represents the number of ap¬ 
 pointments; one man may have received as many as ten or fifteen letters 
 patent for various counties, or on successive occasions for the same 
 county. 
 
 2 The phrase also occurs during the first period; but by chance I have 
 found it only as applied to men whose appointment is not recorded on 
 the Patent Rolls, so that it is difficult to determine the form of their 
 commissions. 
 
THE JUSTICES OF LABOURERS 
 
 21 
 
 the title belongs, strictly speaking, to the members of 
 the separate commissions, and it is their relation to the 
 keepers of the peace that must now be considered. Of 
 the total 671, 501 were serving on the separate commis¬ 
 sions for labourers issued between 1352 and 1359, 1 many 
 of them having been already appointed on previous com¬ 
 missions. Now during the period of the double series 
 of commissions 404 men were appointed as keepers of 
 the peace; a comparison of their names with those of 
 the 501 justices of labourers for the same period shows 
 that 299 were identical—that is that about three-quarters 
 of the keepers of the peace were justices of labourers. 
 A further study of names shows that 32 of the remaining 
 list of “ keepers ” had previously been appointed to the 
 joint commissions, and that one was serving as justice of 
 labourers in the palatinate of Lancaster, so that only 72 
 of the 404 are unaccounted for. 2 An examination of the 
 501 justices of labourers reveals that of the 202 names 
 not duplicated as keepers of the peace, 80 were assigned 
 to towns, liberties, or wapentakes that often had no com¬ 
 mission of the peace distinct from that of the county. 
 A comparison of the two series of commissions district 
 by district shows that frequently the same men were per- 
 
 ‘The remaining names (not included in the 501) are distributed as 
 follows: on the joint and separate commissions previous to the statute 
 of 1351, 30; on the joint commissions from 1351 to 1352, 113; for the 
 palatinates, Chester, 2; Durham, 4, and Lancaster, 10; additional names 
 not found on the Patent Rolls, 11. The latter, distributed throughout 
 the three periods, are: Bealknap, Brewes, Burwell, Cranesle, Forster, 
 Houel, Lovel (R.), Nevill (R. de), Northtoft, Radeswell and Rougham. 
 For the complete list of justices, references to their appointments, etc., 
 see app., C, 3. Both Lovel and Radeswell had been appointed to com¬ 
 missions of the peace in their respective counties as early as 1345; Cal. 
 Patent Rolls, vii, 30 and vi, 511. 
 
 2 Many of them appear on the commissions of the first period. 
 
22 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 forming the double set of duties; in several hundred out 
 of several thousand possible instances (roughly speak¬ 
 ing), at the same date or within a month of the same 
 date, a given man would be appointed on both commis¬ 
 sions for the same district. Occasionally the two com¬ 
 missions are practically identical, but since the commis¬ 
 sion of the peace usually includes from eight to ten, 
 while that for labourers ranges from two to five with 
 three or four as the most common number, 1 merely a 
 large proportion of the names on one list re-appears on 
 the other. It is noticeable that the more important and 
 distinguished names are the ones omitted from the com¬ 
 missions for labourers. 2 This tendency to make use of 
 the same men has been so noticeable from the beginning 
 
 ! The greater number of districts, liberties, etc., that receive distinct 
 commissions of labourers, while only one commission of the peace is 
 issued for the whole county, explains the greater total number of justices 
 of labourers; cf. s. 4. 
 
 5 Examples might be multiplied indefinitely, but a few will serve. In 
 Beverley, each commission includes nine names, eight of them being 
 identical; Pat., 27, pt. 2, m. 26 d, 25 Aug., and ibid ., m. 25 d, 25 Aug.; 
 Cal., ix, 508-509. In Coventry, the commission of the peace is as fol¬ 
 lows: Henry Grene, William de Skipwith, Hugh de Aston, John de 
 Meryngton, Nicholas Michel, Walter Whitwebbe, Richard Frebern 
 (Pat., 28, pt. 1, m. 21 d, 28 Feb.). The commission for labourers 
 {ibid., m. 22 d, 28 Feb.) is identical, except that Grene and Skipwith 
 are omitted. Cf. the estreats given in app., D, 5. An excellent instance 
 is that of Notts. (Pat., 29, pt. 1, m. 28 d and m. 29 d, 26 Jan.). The com¬ 
 mission for labourers includes William Deyncourt, Geoffrey de Staunton, 
 John Lysens, John Bozon, William de Wakebrugge and John Power; 
 that of the peace is identical, except that Grene and Skipwith are added. 
 Apparently, however, they did not act, for according to Mem. L. T. 
 R., 30, Trin., Breu. Ret., writs dated 8 July are issued to Deyncourt 
 “ et sociis suis iusticiariis ad pacem nostram et statuta apud Wyntoniam 
 et Norhtamtoniam edita in comitatu Not’ custodienda necnon ad ex- 
 cessus operariorum, seruientum et artificum in eodem comitatu pun- 
 iendos assignatis,” bidding them deliver their estreats into the ex¬ 
 chequer. 
 
THE JUSTICES OF LABOURERS 
 
 23 
 
 that the petition of the commons in the spring of 1354 
 seems superfluous— que les Gardeyns de la Pees et les 
 Justices des Laborers soient uns la. ou bonement poet estre 
 fait . 1 
 
 The precise reason why the justices of labourers had 
 proved unsatisfactory it is difficult to understand : Lam- 
 bard’s statement that they were disliked is not an ex¬ 
 planation. 2 After Michaelmas, 1354, the penalties under 
 the statutes no longer went to the subsidy, 3 so there was 
 not the same need for the separation of the two sets of 
 estreats; therefore, the cumbersomeness of a system that 
 forced such large numbers of men to act in a double 
 capacity, making necessary two series of quarter sessions 
 etc., may have become apparent. Administrative diffi¬ 
 culties increased in connection with the whole problem 
 of the claims of the lords to a share in the penalties 
 under the statutes of labourers. The climax seems to 
 have been reached in Warwickshire and Leicestershire, 
 and is perhaps indicated in a petition to the king in the 
 spring of 1359 from the magnates of these counties: 4 to 
 their complaint of the trouble caused by the necessity of 
 separating fines from “ excess, ” 5 as well as of distin- 
 
 1 Rot. Pari., ii, 257b-258a. Possibly the petition had some effect, for 
 the duplication of names is peculiarly noticeable in the commissions 
 issued during the following summer. Reeves, Hist, of Eng. Law, ii, 
 276, says: “The commission to execute the statute of labourers was 
 usually directed to the same persons who were in the commission of the 
 peace,” a somewhat different statement from that quoted p. 9, note 1. 
 
 2 Eirenarcha, 563. R pt. 1, ch. iii, s. 2, A. 
 
 * Mem. K. R., 33, Trin., Breu. Baron., rot. 8d. Cf. also Mem. L. 
 
 T. R., 33, Trin., Precepta, rot. 4 and 3, Warwick and Leicester. A 
 peculiarly large number of claims to penalties are here recorded as made 
 by the lords in these two counties. 
 
 5 For the reason for this separation, see pt. 1, ch. ii, s. 5, and ch. iii, 
 s. 2, B. 
 
24 
 
 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 guishing between the penalties arising from the sessions 
 of the peace and those arising from the sessions for 
 labourers, 1 the king replied by bidding the barons of the 
 exchequer stop all proceedings in the matter until the 
 following Michaelmas in order, as he said, that the whole 
 subject could be thoroughly discussed and the most suit¬ 
 able remedy adopted. The next step of which I have 
 knowledge is the writ of November, 1359, suspending 
 the action of all justices of labourers. 2 Of the parliament 
 of 1360 no record of enactments exists; 3 and with the 
 exception of proclamations to be made by sheriffs, 4 the 
 statutes of labourers were apparently allowed to lapse 5 
 until the meeting early in January of the parliament of 
 1361. In the meantime there must have been talk of the 
 re-organization of the office of justice of the peace, and 
 the tendency proved to be in favor of a consolidation of 
 county administration. 
 
 The statute of 1361, usually regarded as marking the 
 culmination for this century of the development of the 
 
 1 The estreats for Coventry mentioned supra, —a case where the two 
 commissions are practically identical—may have been one factor in this 
 special crisis. 
 
 2 See s. 1 and app., 31-32. The writ is signed by the king’s son 
 Thomas, Edward being out of England from 28 Oct., 1359, to 18 May, 
 1360. Longman, Edward the Third, ii, 46, 57. 
 
 3 Parry, Parliaments, lvi. 
 
 4 Claus., 33, m. 5 d; 20 Nov.: “ De proclamacione facienda de sti- 
 pendiis operariorum.” Printed by Rymer, iii, pt. i, 459. 
 
 5 The commissions of the peace of this period do not refer to the 
 statutes of labourers; cf. Pat., 34, pt. 1, m. 28 d, m. o d, m. 6d. There 
 is some evidence that it had not been intended that either the justices 
 or the statutes of labourers should be permanent; cf. e. g., the phrase 
 “ tant come la iusticerie des laborers dure” of the statute of the 31st 
 year, or “durante statuto et ordinacione predictis” in a letter patent of 
 the 32nd year; app., A, 2 and D, 6. 
 
THE JUSTICES OF LABOURERS 
 
 25 
 
 powers of the justices of the peace, 1 gave to them juris¬ 
 diction over weights and measures; 2 but, although con¬ 
 taining some important modifications of the existing 
 labour statutes, 3 it does not include the specific state¬ 
 ment that the justices of the peace are henceforth to be 
 responsible for their enforcement. In spite, however, of 
 the lack of a definite enacting clause, the first commis¬ 
 sion of the peace issued as a result of it, included the 
 power to punish labourers etc., offending against this 
 new labour legislation. 4 The commissions of the peace 
 during the years immediately following varied in form, 
 sometimes—but not always—including the authority to 
 deal with the earlier labour statutes also. 5 Finally after 
 two petitions in parliament, 6 the statute of 1368 settled 
 the matter definitely and brought all the labour statutes 
 permanently within the jurisdiction of the justices of the 
 peace. 7 There is, however, an obstinate persistence of 
 
 1 Statutes, 34 Edw. Ill, cc. 1, 5, 6, 9, 10 and 11, 1360-1361; usually- 
 cited as 34 Edw. Ill, 1360. The heading on the Statute Roll, m. 10, 
 is “ Statutum factum in parliamento tento . . . anno xxxiiii 10 ;” but 
 since the session lasted from 24 Jan. to 18 Feb. 1361 (Parry, Parlia¬ 
 ments, lvi and 127) it is only for one day that it can be described as tak¬ 
 ing place in the thirty-fourth year. The first commission issued after 
 this statute is on the Patent Rolls of the thirty-fifth year, dated 20 
 March (pt. 2, m. 33 d.) and contains a reference to the statute made 
 “in our last parliament.” The actions in the De Banco Rolls based 
 on clauses of this same statute always refer to it as 35 Edw. Ill, e. g., 
 46, Trin., Camb., 361, or 40, Pasch., York, 96 d. 
 
 2 Cc. 5 and 6. 3 Cc. 9, 10 and 11. 
 
 4 Referred to supra, note 1; it is headed “ De pace conseruanda.” 
 Cf. Lan ba d op. cit., 39 and my article in E. H. R., 526. 
 
 5 See my article, 526-527. 6 Rot. Pari., ii, 286 b; 296 a. 
 
 7 Statutes, 42 Edw. Ill, c. 6. It is worthy of note that the scheme 
 had been put into practice even before the first recorded petition of the 
 commons. The increise in the powers of the justices of the peace 
 secured in the early years of Richard II did not affect their relation to 
 the statutes of labourers; Rot. Pari., iii, 83-85; Beard, Justice of the 
 Peace, 48. 
 
26 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 the phrase “justices of labourers,” 1 —even as late as the 
 middle of the fifteenth century—, that seems unintelligible 
 except on the hypothesis of a recurrence to the practice 
 of the division of the work of a joint commission; 2 pos¬ 
 sibly the provision in Elizabeth’s labour law for a special 
 salary for justices of the peace while executing the act 3 
 is a survival of the old differentiation of functions. 
 
 (3) Method of appointment and removal. —The rela¬ 
 tion of the justices of labourers to the keepers of the 
 peace made it inevitable that the two sets of officials 
 should be appointed by similar methods. By the middle 
 of the fourteenth century, the crown, that is the king 
 and his permanent council, had made good its authority 
 to assign the keepers, but subject to continual efforts on 
 the part of parliament to assert its rights in the matter. 4 
 The struggle lasted during the rest of Edward’s reign, in 
 regard to both the justices of labourers and the keepers 
 of the peace, and was not permanently settled in favour of 
 the crown until late in the next reign. 5 For the decade 
 under consideration three out of the five parliaments of 
 which there are printed records 6 contain petitions on the 
 subject. During the second parliament of the 25th year 
 there are complaints as to the execution of laws in gen- 
 
 1 See my article, 530. 
 
 2 Especially is this true in regard to the petitions in the Good Parlia¬ 
 ment on the labour legislation; Rot. Pari., ii, 340-341, “ Bille des 
 Laboriers.” 
 
 3 Statutes, 5 Eliz., c. 4, s. xxxi. 
 
 4 Beard, op. cit., 42-44. For an account of the occasional election of 
 the “ conservatores pads’’ in the county court at an earlier date, see 
 ibid., 23-32. 
 
 5 Ibid., 42, note 4, refers to a petition of the third year of R. II as the 
 last on the subject; but there is even a later one in the fourteenth year. 
 Rot. Pari., iii, 279a and b. 
 
 6 See app., 8, for a list of parliaments during the decade. 
 
THE JUSTICES OF LABOURERS 
 
 27 
 
 eral, including the labour legislation, and a request for 
 new commissions with more comprehensive powers: that 
 justices esluz en cest present Parlement , par avis des 
 Grantz et autres de la dite Commune .... soient as- 
 signez . The king’s answer: il voet qe les Commissions 
 des Laborers estoisent en lour force x does not prevent a 
 repetition of the request: que commissions dez laborers 
 soient iaites as certeignes gentz en chescune countee, nomez 
 par les ditz communes en meisme le parlement. % The 
 petition in the autumn of 1353 that justices of labourers 
 and keepers of the peace soient establiz solonc la. disposi¬ 
 tion notre Seignur le Roi et son bon Conseil receives 
 the king’s assent: II plest au Roi que Justices bons et 
 covenables soient esluz 3 and results in a statute. 1 2 * 4 Finally 
 there is a more specific request in the parliament in the 
 spring of 1354: 
 
 que les Nouns des Justices des Laborers soient veues et ex- 
 aminez par le Chaunceller, et Tresorer, et Justices de l’un 
 Baunk ou de l’autre, & en presence des Chivalers du Countee ; 
 et ceux qi sont covenables demoergent pur tiel noumbre come 
 busoigne solonc le graundure du pais. Et en lieu de ceux qui 
 serront oustez soient autres nomez par les ditz Chivalers, 
 queux ne soient mye oustez sanz especial commandement 
 notre Seignur le Roi, ou resonable cause tesmoignee par lour 
 compaignons. 5 
 
 Although this petition is granted, a study of the lists of 
 appointments and removals does not indicate that the 
 commons exercised their right with any regularity. 
 
 1 Rot. Pari., ii, 238a and b. 
 
 2 Embodied in “Statutum de Forma,” etc., app., D, 2; for an analysis 
 
 of this document, see pt. 1, ch. iii, s. 1, B, a. 
 
 * Rot. Pari., ii, 252 b-253a. 4 App., 17. 
 
 5 Rot. Pari., ii, 25^-258^. 
 
28 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 Except for the 30th and 33rd years, parliament met every 
 year during this decade, but sat for only a few weeks at 
 a time. A glance at the dates of the appointments of 
 the justices of labourers shows that it had not yet be¬ 
 come the custom to issue a complete list annually; 1 in¬ 
 stead, it appears that for nearly every month of the year 
 some commission is issued, often for a district that has 
 received a previous one very recently, so that many 
 counties have as mai^ as three commissions within 
 twelve months. 2 In addition, it is apparent that frequent 
 associations are made,—on ninety-nine occasions during 
 the decade, including usually one or two names, some¬ 
 times more, and thus making a fairly large total. 3 On 
 the one hand, it is significant that in several instances 
 full lists seem to have been the result of parliamentary 
 action. For example, the long list of 15 March, 1351, 
 or of 2 July, 1354, 4 may easily have been discussed in the 
 sessions immediately preceding those dates; 5 while the 
 list of 20 December, 1355, was also issued only a few 
 weeks after parliament had sat. 6 On the other hand, the 
 equally complete list of 5 February, 1357, is dated several 
 months before the session of that vear, 7 at a time when 
 no parliament had met for over twelve months. 
 
 1 See the chronological list of appointments in app., B, 2. 
 
 2 This same statement is true of the keepers of the peace. 
 
 3 See app., 42, and B, 3, passim. The practice of associations was 
 evidently regarded as an evil and was forbidden in the next reign; 
 Statutes , 12 R. II, c. 10. 
 
 4 App., B, 2, contains the references to these and to the following lists. 
 
 5 The respective sessions had ended on 1 March and 20 May; the latter 
 had included the petition, part of which is quoted on p. 27 and part on 
 p. 50, and which may conceivably have had some influence. 
 
 “The session had been from 12 to 30 Nov. 
 
 7 It began on 10 April. 
 
THE JUSTICES OF LABOURERS 
 
 29 
 
 Positive evidence as to how the lists are made up ex¬ 
 ists in a few instances and although referring chiefly to 
 the “ keepers ” may be quoted to illustrate the method. 
 I found among Ancient Indictments a list of twenty-three 
 names, two of which are crossed through, with a note 
 asking the king to grant commissions of the peace to the 
 men named for each wapentake in Lancaster; 1 letters 
 patent enrolled 2 June, 1350, appoint sixty men as keep¬ 
 ers of the peace in Lancaster and include all of the above 
 list except the two mentioned. 2 The people of the 
 county of Hereford petition the king and council that 
 Gilbert Talebot, Piers de Graunsoun and Roger de 
 Chaundos shall be keepers of the peace; 3 the joint com¬ 
 mission of 15 March, 1351, composed of eight members, 
 includes the two last named and Richard Talbot. An 
 important action (to be discussed again) had been 
 brought in the court of king’s bench against de Roulegh 
 and atte Wode, who had been removed from the joint 
 commission in Surrey; 4 in the winter of 1354, in the 
 course of this process, there is a complaint to the king 
 that there are no keepers of the peace or justices of 
 labourers in the county, and an urgent request that 
 Richard de Birton and Henry de Loxleye be made 
 “ keepers.” s Accordingly, in the following July, (there 
 had been no full commission for Surrey since March, 
 1 35 1 ,) two commissions are issued, one for labourers and 
 one of the peace, both including de Birton. 
 
 1 No. 56. 2 24, pt. 1, m. 3 d; Cal., viii, 533. 
 
 3 Ancient Petitions, 5741; the petition is undated. 
 
 4 See pt. 1, ch. ii, s. 7. 
 
 5 Coram Rege, 28, Hill., Rex, Surrey, 35: “ et dixerunt quod nulli 
 custodes pacis seu iusticiarii ad inquirendum fuerunt in partibus illis et 
 domino regi supplicauerunt quod . . . .” It seems almost certain that 
 “ de operariis, etc,” has been accidentally omitted after “ad inquiren¬ 
 dum.” 
 
30 
 
 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 In lieu of direct evidence, much information as to the 
 method of appointment may be derived from a study of 
 the changes in the commissions ; in addition to those 
 caused by death, 1 there are during this decade thirty 
 instances of removal or discharge of individual justices* 
 and three of the cancelling of entire commissions. 3 A 
 detailed analysis of the thirty cases gives the following 
 results as to causation : in six, no information; 4 in six, 
 appointment to other duties; 5 in one, inability to attend 
 to the office; 6 in two, infirmity and old age; 7 in fifteen, 
 merely qmbusdam certis de causis} In the case of two 
 of these fifteen, it appears that complaints of their mis¬ 
 deeds brought before the king's council by their col- 
 
 1 Croft, Hillary, Lye, Staunton (J. de), Styuecle (J. de). On the 
 claim of the abbot of Ramsay to the penalties before Albert and Sty¬ 
 uecle, justices of labourers in Hunts., the latter were summoned to the 
 exchequer. Albert appears and states that no penalties were levied 
 “ per tempus contentum in brevi; eo quod marescalcia domini Regis per 
 totum tempus supradictum in comitatu Hunt’ extiterat. Et vlterius 
 vobis significo quod Johannes de Stukele mortuus est.” Mem. L. T. 
 R., 33, Mich., Recorda, rot. 2 d. We know that the latter was dead 
 by Nov., 1357, and yet by the very end of 1358 the news had not reached 
 the exchequer. For the manuscript references to the above names as 
 well as to the other names in this section, see list of justices in app., 
 
 B, 3. 
 
 3 Adam, Beauchaump (W. de), Benteleye, Berneye, Broun, Bures 
 (A.), Botetourt, Chaumont, Colvill (J.), Crouthorn, Debenham, Fol- 
 vill, Golafre, Grey (J. de, of Rotherfield), Haldenby, Hubert, Laundels, 
 Luscote, Michel (R.), Munden, Novo Mercato, Pakeman, Roulegh, 
 Surflet, Sutton (J. de, of Holderness), Tyrel (the elder), Ughtred, 
 atte Watere, atte Wode and Wychingham. 
 
 3 Essex, Northants. and Northumberland; see app., B,2. 
 
 4 Adam, Benteleye, Bures, Munden, Sutton and atte Watere. 
 
 5 Botetourt, Laundels, Imscote, Michel, Novo Mercato and Ughtred. 
 
 6 Broun. 7 Beauchaump (see p. 34), Crouthorn. 
 
 8 Berneye, Chaumont, Colvill, Debenham, Folvill, Golafre, Grey, 
 Haldenby, Hubert, Pakeman, Roulegh, Surflet, Tyrel, atte Wode and 
 Wychingham. 
 
THE JUSTICES OF LABOURERS 
 
 31 
 
 leagues had resulted first in their removal and later in 
 judicial actions against them. 1 2 In six instances, the 
 reasons for a change are brought coram consilio nostro ;* 
 in one, corain nobis et consilio ; 3 while in seven, coram 
 nobis or an equivalent phrase is used; 4 in half of the 
 cases, thus, the action of the crown is clearly indicated. 
 In ten instances out of the thirty, the discharge is evi¬ 
 dently honorable, as in four of these the verb is exon- 
 erandus , 5 in five, other important duties are named, 6 and 
 in one, old age is alleged; 7 8 in six, disgrace is implied by 
 amouendus\ 8 in one, there is the doubtful phrase, “he 
 cannot attend to the office ; ” 9 in three, the commissions to 
 the individuals named are revoked; 10 while in the remain¬ 
 ing ten the formula “appointed in the place of another ” 
 gives no clue to the motive. Fourteen of the thirty, 
 or nearly a half, are re-appointed during the decade 
 either to the same or to a different district; but only 
 three of these fourteen had been described as removed; 11 
 
 1 Roulegh and atte Wode; see pt. 1, ch. ii, s. 7. 
 
 2 Botetourt, Golafre, Grey, Hubert, Roulegh, and atte Wode. 
 
 3 Haldenby. 
 
 4 Adam, Berneye, Debenham, Folvill, Pakeman, Surflet, and Wych- 
 ingham. 
 
 5 Beauchaump, Botetourt, Golafre and Grey. 
 
 6 See list in note 5, p. 30; Botetourt is named in note 5. 
 
 7 Crouthorn; Beauchaump is classed with the “ exonerandus' ’ list in 
 note 5. 
 
 8 Adam, Folvill, Hubert, Pakeman, Roulegh and atte Wode. 
 
 9 Brown. 
 
 10 Berneye, Debenham and Wychingham. The wording of the writ 
 implies that it is the old joint commissions that are being revoked ; 
 Claus., 28, m. 29, 1 Aug. The news did not reach the exchequer very 
 promptly; for on 12 Oct., 30th year, Berneye has to inform it of the 
 change. See document quoted pt. 1, ch. ii, s. 1. 
 
 11 Beauchaump, Benteleye, Berneye, Botetourt, Chaumont, Deben- 
 
32 
 
 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 one of the three was tried in the court of king’s bench 
 and acquitted; 1 another was restored on better evi¬ 
 dence brought before the king’s council. 2 Parliament 
 was meeting at the time of this last decision, 3 but only 
 three times did its sessions coincide with the dates of 
 the instances of removal. 4 In the first of the three cases 
 where the entire commission was cancelled, it is because 
 another and somewhat different commission was issued a 
 few months later; in the second I have no information as 
 to cause; 5 but in regard to the third, Northumberland, 
 there is definite evidence. 6 A writ of the great seal, 
 signed per consilium , directed to the barons of the ex¬ 
 chequer, informs them that the letters patent to the 
 justices of Northumberland have been cancelled on ac¬ 
 count of the state of war prevailing in that county, and 
 in its wording clearly implies that the action of the crown 
 had been taken as a result of complaints to the council. 7 
 The story of the repeal of the special commissions 8 as 
 well as of the final repeal of all the separate commissions 
 for labourers, 9 plainly indicating action of the council 
 
 ham, Folvill (removed), Laundels, Michel, Munden, Pakeman (re¬ 
 moved), Ughtred, atte Wode (removed); in the case of Broun, “Void’' 
 is written after the entry. 
 
 1 Atte Wode. 2 Pakeman. 
 
 3 The letter close is dated 6 Feb., 1352; the session was from 13 Jan. 
 to 11 Feb. 
 
 * In the case of Broun, Haldenby and Laundels. 
 
 5 Essex and Northants.; app., 35, note 10 and 37, note 2. 
 
 ®App., 3Q, note 1. 
 
 7 Mem. K. R., 30, Trin., Breu. Baron., rot. 2 d; pro Iohanr.e de 
 Striuelyn et aliis: “propter discrimina guerrarum iminencia in partibus 
 supradictis.” Four years later it was necessary for these same justices 
 to petition the crown to order the exchequer to stop process against 
 them for their estreats; ibid. , 34, Pasch., Breu. Baron., rot. 5. 
 
 8 See pt. 1, ch. iii, s. 2, B. 9 See p. 23-24. 
 
THE JUSTICES OF LABOURERS 
 
 33 
 
 and of the exchequer, without interference from parlia¬ 
 ment, does not belong* here; but enough has been said to 
 make out a strong case for the theory that it is the 
 king’s council (including as ex-officio members both the 
 treasurer and the chancellor) with whom the actual 
 choice of names usually rests, and that this body is some¬ 
 times guided in its choice by the commons as well as by 
 the advice of the local communities. It is worthy of 
 note that although by the next century the practice 
 began of establishing borough justices of the peace by 
 charter, 1 at this earlier date there is no difference in 
 method of assignment as between the county and the 
 borough justices, either of labourers or of the peace; 
 except that in Oxford the commissions for labourers are 
 directed to the chancellor of the university and to the 
 mayor of the town, and in London, to the mayor and 
 the sheriffs. 2 
 
 The striking irregularity in the dates of the appoint¬ 
 ments, the frequent issue of a commission for a district 
 that had just received one, 3 the removal of a man within 
 a few weeks after he had been appointed, 4 and the ex¬ 
 ceedingly numerous associations to the commissions, 
 
 1 Beard, op. cit ., 148. 
 
 2 P. 10, note 4 and app., 33, note 1. 
 
 3 In Worcester e. g., commissions were appointed successively on 3 
 and 20 Dec., 1355; app., 38-39. In the course of exchequer processes for 
 the Worcester estreats, it appears that the first set of justices had held 
 a session for one day and had then been superseded; Mem. L. T. R., 
 32, Hill., Presentaciones, rot. 3 d. This must be typical of what fre¬ 
 quently happened. 
 
 K E.g., Adam was appointed for Derby on 12 July and removed on 
 8 Aug., 1356; app., 44. Botetourt was appointed for Warwick and for 
 Worcester on 20 Sept., 1351; on 15 April, 1352, on the ground of his 
 commission for Warwick (issued on 20 April), he was ‘ ‘ exonerated ’ ’ from 
 service in Worcester; on 2 July, of the same year, he was re-appointed 
 for Worcester, and on 28 Aug., again “exonerated” from service there. 
 
34 
 
 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 caused a constant shifting in the personnel of the com¬ 
 missions to an extent that must have been embarrassing 
 and inconvenient. The failure of the council in this re¬ 
 spect may easily have been due to lack of knowledge of 
 local conditions and certainly explains the continuance 
 of the endeavor of the commons to control the lists, an 
 endeavor that did not cease with this reign. 
 
 Closely connected with the appointment and removal 
 of justices is the question of the possibility of an indi¬ 
 vidual’s obtaining exemption from the necessity of ser¬ 
 vice against his will. The list of public offices given at 
 this period in the regular letters patent of exemption 
 does not specify either justices of labourers or keepers 
 of the peace, although “ other bailiff or minister of the 
 king” may be interpreted to cover both. In one in¬ 
 stance a member of a joint commission, William de Beau- 
 chaump, had received a letter patent exempting him from 
 serving against his will in “ any office or commission ” 1 — 
 a slightly different phrase from the usual one—and a few 
 weeks later, he is “ exonerated ’’ from the joint commission, 
 presumably on the ground of this general exemption . 2 
 In four cases, however, justices of labourers who had re¬ 
 ceived the regular letters patent of exemption are shortly 
 afterwards appointed to commissions for labourers . 3 In 
 the next reign the exemptions in the printed calendars 
 mention specifically justices of labourers and of the peace , 4 
 but I am unable to say at what date the change occurred. 
 It is possible that so early in the development of the 
 
 ! Pat., 26, pt. 2, m. 21, 13 lune; Cal., ix, 297. 
 
 2 App., 49. 
 
 *Pakeman, Pat., 27, pt. 1, m. 27, 4 Feb.; Cal., ix, 400. Aton, Pat., 
 27, pt. 1, m. 16, 12 March; Cal., ix, 422. Frenyngham, Pat., 27, pt. I, 
 m. 10, 16 April; Halsham, ibid., 13 April; Cal., ix, 429. 
 
 4 See my article in E. H. R., 530. 
 
THE JUSTICES OF LABOURERS 
 
 35 
 
 office of justice of the peace and of labourers, it had not 
 become apparent how onerous the service might be; it 
 is also to be remembered that the salaries paid were 
 some compensation. There is still another point to be 
 considered; were all the men named on a given commis¬ 
 sion forced to do actual work? Both for the large joint 
 commissions as well as for the smaller separate commis¬ 
 sions for labourers, the writs for wages answer this 
 question in the negative, payment being made only to 
 those justices who held the sessions . 1 Evidence from 
 other sources confirms the truth of this statement. In 
 actions against the justices brought by the exchequer 
 to secure the delivery of the estreats, it is clear that a 
 given justice may excuse himself on the plea of never 
 having received his letter patent or of not having taken 
 part in the session, and that he is fairly sure of being 
 sine die , provided that the exchequer can obtain the 
 estreats from some one of his associates . 2 On the other 
 hand, it appears from a Northumberland case previous to 
 the one already quoted that service was compulsory,— 
 barring some valid excuse which must be made good in 
 court. In this instance the justices explained that the 
 whole community had earnestly begged them not to exe¬ 
 cute their commission, since the enforcement of the statutes 
 of labourers against those rascally Scots, the only labour¬ 
 ers left in the county, would drive the latter in despera¬ 
 tion to acts of violence ; after some consultation on the 
 part of the court it is decided that the excuse of the 
 justices be accepted . 3 On what principle it was deter¬ 
 mined by a given group of men named in a commission 
 who were to act and who not, I do not know , 4 but the fact 
 
 X S. 6. 2 See pt. i, ch. iii, s. 2, A. 3 App., D, 5. 
 
 4 My impression is that the first named on the list, “ capitalis iusti- 
 ciarius” might have greater difficulty than his companions in avoiding 
 service; cf. pt. 1, ch. ii, s. 1. 
 
36 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 that the really obligatory matter was the delivery of the 
 estreats is only one of the many proofs of the over¬ 
 whelming importance of the profits of justice; the ap¬ 
 pointments may be irregular or chaotic, but there is no 
 irregularity or chaos in the means adopted by the ex¬ 
 chequer to compel service from some members of the 
 commissions in each county. 
 
 (4) Territorial districts of tlieir jurisdiction .—The 
 ordinance was issued in the form of a letter close. The 
 copy enrolled is directed to the sheriff of Kent, with a 
 note to the effect that similar writs had been sent to all 
 sheriffs; 1 but it has already been shown that there is no 
 authoritative evidence as to the number of districts that 
 received commissions in pursuance of these writs. 2 The 
 statute clearly applied throughout England, including 
 London and all other cities and boroughs, within fran¬ 
 chises as well as without; 3 but the only direct reference 
 to the territorial limits of the jurisdiction of a given set 
 of justices is the provision that the justices were to hold 
 sessions in each county. 4 
 
 An analysis of the districts that at some time during 
 the years 1352-1359 received commissions for labourers 
 proves that the actual practice was more complicated 
 than the scheme implied by the statute for the joint com¬ 
 missions. The districts may be grouped as follows : s (1) 
 
 J App., n. 2 S. 1. 
 
 3 App., 17. There was considerable difficulty as to London; cf. pt. 
 1, ch. iii, s. 2, A for an account of the matter. Unwin, Industrial 
 Organization, 158, claims that Elizabeth’s great codification was the 
 first instance of the application of uniform economic legislation to all 
 geographical as well as to all industrial sections of the community; but 
 cf. Cunningham, Growth of Eng. Industry, ii, introduction, for a 
 more accurate statement. 
 
 *App., 16. 5 These lists are given in app., 138-141. 
 
THE JUSTICES OF LABOURERS 
 
 37 
 
 34 geographical counties; (2) 7 divisions of counties, 
 i. e. the three divisions of Lincolnshire and Yorkshire 
 respectively, and the Isle of Wight as distinct from the 
 rest of the county of Southampton; (3) 8 groups of 
 wapentakes within Yorkshire, arranged in varying com¬ 
 binations; (4) 22 towns, all but 2 being boroughs; 1 (5) 
 24 franchises in the hands either of individuals or of an 
 ecclesiastical order; (6) 2 counties palatine; total, 97 
 districts. Previous to 1352, in addition to districts in¬ 
 cluded in the above list, 2 one separate commission for 
 labourers had been issued for Durham 3 and one for Lan¬ 
 cashire before it had become a county palatine; 4 also 
 joint commissions had been issued on one occasion to 
 Holland and Kesteven classed as a single district, 5 and to 
 two towns 6 that did not again receive any commissions 
 distinct from those of the county. These few instances 
 belonging to the complicated and changing systems of 
 the first and second periods are not included in the totals 
 under consideration. 
 
 A comparison with the districts receiving commissions 
 of the peace reveals a marked contrast. The counties 
 show some differences; Southampton is never divided 
 and Yorkshire almost never,—the West Riding twice, 7 
 
 1 On the authority of Merewether and Stephens, Hist, of Boroughs; 
 Newark and Southwell are the exceptions. It should be added that two 
 of the towns comprised in the Cinque Ports group were not made bor¬ 
 oughs until a little later. 
 
 2 A glance at the list in app., 33-35, shows that during the period of 
 the joint commissions the total number of districts was small in com¬ 
 parison with the figures just given. 
 
 3 See app., 27. 4 See app., 34. 5 See app., 33. 
 
 6 Newcastle-on-Tyne and York; app., 34. 
 
 7 Pat., 27, pt.. 1, m. 25 d, 8 July (Cal., ix, 450); 30, pt. 1, m. 20 d, 13 
 
 May. 
 
og ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 and a group of wapentakes once, obtaining commissions. 1 
 Only 14 towns 2 and 4 of the private franchises 3 appear 
 in this series, and of the counties palatine only Lancas¬ 
 ter, 4 making at most a total of 58, nearly a third less 
 than the previous total. It appears, therefore, that the 
 justices of labourers were frequently acting within much 
 smaller geographical limits than were their confreres of 
 the peace; but it is worthy of note that, for this decade 
 at least, there is no foundation for Lambard’s complaint 
 that before the statute of 1360 commissions were made 
 to the “Wardeins of the peace, not alwaies seuerally 
 into each shire, but sometimes ioyntly to sundry persons 
 ouer sundrie shires.’’ 5 
 
 All the joint commissions and most of the separate 
 commissions of the peace, in cases where they were 
 issued to towns, include a non-intromittant clause as 
 against the keepers of the peace of the county. 6 As far 
 as I can discover, a similar clause against the county jus- 
 
 *Pat., 30, pt. 1, m. 20 d, 15 Nov.; liberties of Pickering, Whitby 
 and Scarborough and wapentakes of Rydale and Harfordiyth. 
 
 2 13 identical with those in the first list; see app., 139, and Grantham 
 in addition; Pat., 30, pt. 1, m. 20 d, 10 May. 
 
 3 Pat., 28, pt. 1, m. 21 d, 25 Feb., Richmond; 11 March, Holderness; 
 30, pt. 1, m. 20 d, 25 Oct., liberty of abbot of Reading in Berks.; 8 
 Nov., towns of Cambridge and Chesterton. 
 
 ‘Calendar, R. D. K., xxxii, app. i. 
 
 5 Lambard, Eirenarcha , 20-21: but cf. p. 51. 
 
 8 Cf. e. g., Pat., 26, pt. 2, m. 20 d, 25 June {Cal., ix, 332); town oi 
 Beverley. On one occasion four out of the eight keepers and justices 
 acting in Holderness are instructed by a supplementary writ that they 
 alone are to act in the town of Hedon ; Claus., 27, m. 19; 22 April; 
 “ De non intromittendo de custodia pacis infra villam de Hedon'’ 
 {Cal., ix, 543). Beard, op. cit., 147, quotes Hale to the effect that in 
 the Tudor period unless the charter of a corporation had the exclusion 
 clause, the county justices could exercise their jurisdiction within its 
 borders, even if it had justices of its own. 
 
THE JUSTICES OF LABOURERS 
 
 39 
 
 tices of labourers does not appear in any of the separate 
 commissions for labourers in towns, or even within 
 private franchises, although occasionally, in the letters 
 patent appointing justices of labourers for a county, it is 
 specified that a given town is excluded from their juris¬ 
 diction. 1 Usually, however, the final clause in their 
 commissions ends: tam infra quam extra libertates 2 —a 
 phrase that seems almost meaningless when one con¬ 
 siders the numerous private franchises within which 
 special justices were acting. The discussion of the 
 latter belongs to a later section, 3 but it should be em¬ 
 phasized here that since a given franchise frequently con¬ 
 sisted of widely separated holdings, these special justices 
 must have cut into the jurisdiction of the county or bor¬ 
 ough justices in a strangely confusing manner. I have 
 no information as to the extent to which conflicts actu¬ 
 ally arose, nor as to the principle in accordance with 
 which they were settled; but in general it is assumed 
 that a justice had full jurisdiction within the district to 
 which he had been appointed, and that his writs would 
 be obeyed only by the sheriff of the county within which 
 this district lay. There was, however, a special provision 
 in the statute of labourers that in case of a fugitive flee¬ 
 ing from one county to another, a justice could issue a 
 writ to the sheriff of the county to which the delinquent 
 had fled, bidding him send the latter to the gaol of the 
 first named county. 4 
 
 A study of the list of 97 districts shows some over¬ 
 lapping, especially in Yorkshire; this means that at a 
 
 1 App., 138, notes 1, 2 and 3. 2 App., 27. 
 
 3 Cf. pt. 1, ch. iii, s. 2, B; and also the response to the petition 
 (Rot. Pari., ii, 252 b-253 a) embodied in 27 Edw. Ill, st. 1, c. 3 (app., 
 17) quoted p. 27. 
 
 4 App., 17. 
 
40 
 
 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 given date this total number of districts could not receive 
 distinct commissions, but it is evident from the chrono¬ 
 logical list of commissions that the entire country was 
 mapped out into subdivisions sufficiently small for efficient 
 administration. Since the statute had only provided for 
 the county as a district, it is possible that the king and 
 council had determined on the experiment of the smaller 
 districts in the belief that the justices of labourers would 
 thus be enabled to do their business more thoroughly. 
 The fact, however, that the majority of the subdivisions 
 are private franchises, lends colour to the theory, to be 
 discussed later, 1 that it was their owners who hoped to 
 gain by this practice of the appointment of special jus¬ 
 tices within their liberties. 
 
 (5) Their oath of office. —The statutes of this decade 
 do not mention an oath of office, but the first parlia¬ 
 mentary petition having to do with the justices appointed 
 to enforce the labour legislation, presented in the session 
 of January, 1352, contains a reference to the justices as 
 sermentezA The petition as a whole is refused and in the 
 printed rolls of parliament the question of the oath does 
 not again come up 3 until, toward the very end of 
 Edward’s reign, there is recorded the request that justices 
 of the peace, now justices of labourers also, soient scr- 
 mejitez devant le Conseil le Roi en mesme la manere come 
 autres gentz sontA There is, therefore, considerable 
 doubt as to how the oath of office was administered dur¬ 
 ing these early years, as well as to the exact form which 
 
 1 Cf. supra , p. 39. 2 Rot. Pari., ii, 238a and b. 
 
 • 3 Unless the prayer that the justices “ soient artez par notre dit Seignur 
 le Roi a pursuyr les Articles de lour Commission ” indicates a demand 
 for an oath of office; Rot. Pari., ii, 252b. For this same petition cf. 
 p. 27, note 3. 
 
 4 Rot. Pari., ii, 333a and b. 
 
THE JUSTICES OF LABOURERS 
 
 41 
 
 it took. My search for a copy of the oath has been un¬ 
 successful, but a chance reference in one of the sessional 
 records fortunately affords a valuable clue. John de 
 Roulegh, or de Rowele, who in 1350 was enforcing the 
 ordinance in Surrey, 1 whether on a separate commission 
 for labourers or one that included the peace also, it is 
 impossible to say, was in March, 1351 appointed on the 
 joint commission for the same county. In the following 
 September, however, he was removed by the king and 
 council, and in January was indicted by his former col¬ 
 leagues of the joint commission for offences committed 
 during his first term of office: 
 
 Item presentant quod vbi Iohannes de Rowele nuper extitit 
 iusticiarius domini Regis in comitatu Surr’ et iuratus ad 
 faciendum ius tarn domino Regi quam populo ipsius Regis et 
 tarn pauperibus quam diuitibus et quod ipse hoc non dimitteret 
 pro odio, fauore, munde, nec premissa neque iniuriam alicui 
 faceret; ibi dictus Iohannes de Rowele, nullo habito respectu 
 ad suum iuramentum, ex falsitate et maliciosa imaginacione 
 sua et pro odio quod habuit versus Gilbertum/ . . . 
 
 The phrases here used are strikingly similar to the cor¬ 
 responding phrases in the regular oath of the king’s 
 justices as it appears in the “ Red Book of the Ex¬ 
 chequer : ” 3 
 
 Le serment des Justices est que bien et leaument serviront le 
 
 1 App., 248-249, and p. 11. 
 
 a Assize Rolls, Surrey, 907, m. 1 d; further extracts are given in app., 
 211-213; see also pt. 1, ch. ii, s. 7. 
 
 3 See Rolls ed., table of contents, lxx. It is printed in the Report on 
 the Public Records , of 1800, 236: “ Sacramentum Justiciariorum.” In 
 an article on the “King’s Council” in E. H. R. for Jan., 1906, Mr. 
 Baldwin proves that this oath, used early in the reign of Edw. Ill, had 
 adopted important phrases of the councillor’s oath of 1307, which in 
 turn goes back to an earlier councillor’s oath of 1257. 
 
42 
 
 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 Roi en Office de la Justicerie et dreiture a lour pouer frount a 
 touz auxi bien as poures come as riches et que pur hautesce 
 ne pur richesce ne pur amour ne pur haour ne pur estat de 
 nuly persone ne pur bienfait, doun ne promesse de nuly. . . . 
 
 Further, the earliest recorded form of the oath admin¬ 
 istered to the justices of the peace that I have been able 
 to discover, printed in the rolls of parliament for the 
 year 1380/ some time after the consolidation of the two 
 commissions, reveals in its opening a marked likeness to 
 the oath taken by de Roulegh : 
 
 Vous jurrez que bien et loialment servirez le Roi en loffice de 
 Gardein de la Paix, & de Justicerie des Artificers, Laborers, 
 Pois et Mesures, & doier & terminer les tortz et grevances 
 faitz au Roi & a son people .... selonc voz sen et poair 
 ent ferrez avoir plein droit as touz, si bien as povres come as 
 riches, si que pur hayour, favour, amistee, ou estat de nulluy 
 persone, ne pur bienfait, doun, ou promesse. 1 2 . . . 
 
 This oath which was to be administered by the sheriff then 
 continues with specific instructions as to the preserva¬ 
 tion of the estreats of the penalties and the rolls of the 
 proceedings, and also as to the qualifications and the 
 
 1 Rot. Pari., iii, 85. Lambard had evidently not seen this form; in 
 referring to the clause of 13 R. II, st. 1, c. 7, that justices of the peace 
 are to be “sworne to keepe, and put in execution all the Statutes touch¬ 
 ing their office,” he writes that it is the first oath that he has found to 
 have been administered to the justices of the peace, although he is con¬ 
 vinced that they were not “unsworn before,” and that as it was too 
 “ generall, & hard to be observed” it was changed to the form given 
 by Fitzherbert, almost identical with that in use in Lambard’s day. 
 Eirenarcha , 49-50. The words in Richard’s statute are probably not 
 themselves the form of the oath but only a reference to an oath, prob¬ 
 ably to that of 1380. 
 
 2 Certain phrases of the councillor’s oath given by Mr. Baldwin also 
 appear, notably “ conseil le Roi celerez.” 
 
THE JUSTICES OF LABOURERS 
 
 43 
 
 duties of the clerk of the justices, and as to the oath to be 
 taken by him,—provisions that were probably added only 
 after half a century of administrative difficulties had shown 
 the urgent need of precisely such remedies. The evi¬ 
 dence just given, slight though it is, certainly establishes a 
 presumption in favor of the theory that the substance of 
 the oath by which de Roulegh was sworn was practically 
 the same as that of the justices of the upper courts, and 
 that it was afterwards incorporated into the more elabor¬ 
 ate form devised in the next reign for the justices of the 
 peace . 1 The inference also seems sound that the other 
 justices during the years 1349-1359, whether of the 
 peace or for labourers, were sworn by the same oath as 
 that which de Roulegh violated; but in the absence 
 of information for this decade, it is impossible to say by 
 whom the oath was administered . 2 
 
 x In the Report on the Public Records , of 1800, 223, among the oaths 
 of office in the Chancery Crown office, not administered by the clerk of 
 the crown or by his deputies there is printed in English under the 
 absurd heading “Justices of the Office of Labourer’s Weights and 
 Measures,’’ an oath really made up of two oaths: 1, of the justice of 
 labourers and of weights and measures, 2, of the justice of the peace 
 and of labourers. The latter half is practically identical with that of the 
 justice of the peace given on the preceding page of the Report and by 
 Lambard, op. cit., 50-51, and printed by Mr. Beard, op. cit., 171, and 
 plainly goes back to Fitzherbert’s form. In looking for the original of 
 this confused oath Miss Martin reports that the clerk of the crown in 
 Chancery says that they have nothing earlier than 1700 ; but she has 
 discovered at the Record Office among the Petty Bag documents (Rolls 
 of Oaths, no. 31, Various) what seems to be the desired original under 
 the title: “ Sacramentum Justiciariorum de operacionibus et mensuris 
 et pads,’’ apparently in a sixteenth century handwriting. From the 
 fact that the justices of labourers are still referred to specifically, it un¬ 
 doubtedly antedates the form given by Fitzherbert but is certainly later 
 than the form of 1380. 
 
 2 In 1380 it was the sheriff; but in 1389 there is a petition that it shall 
 be the chancellor and council. For the later practice see Beard, op. 
 cit., 143. 
 
44 
 
 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 (6) The amou 7 it of their salaries. —Both the ordinance 
 and the more carefully framed statute are silent as 
 to the compensation of the justices, but within a few 
 months after the enactment of the statute, there ap¬ 
 pears on the Close Rolls a series of writs directed to 
 the sheriffs, bidding them at a fixed rate per day 
 pay wages to the justices out of the issues of the 
 latters' sessions. 1 Since the payments are always to 
 be made out of the money penalties imposed as a result 
 of proceedings held before the justices, through the 
 agency either of the sheriffs or of the subsidy collectors, 
 it is necessary to reserve the account of the method of 
 payment for the section on the disposition of the penal¬ 
 ties. 2 Here it must suffice to say that owing to some 
 hitch in the administrative machinery, these first writs 
 were never executed, and that the failure of the justices 
 in these early months of their work to receive their 
 salaries explains the two petitions of the commons in the 
 parliament of January, 1352, the first of which requests for 
 the justices responsible for the statutes of labourers, gages 
 covenables , 3 and the second, gagez resonablez , chescun 
 solonq son estate , 4 —in the latter case to be determined by 
 the committee of apportionment which will be described 
 later. 5 At the time of these petitions no separate com¬ 
 missions for labourers were in force, and during the rest 
 of the decade the printed parliament rolls contain no 
 petitions as to wages. Strictly speaking, therefore, there 
 is no parliamentary reference to the salaries of the 
 
 1 For the references, see p. 18, note 1; for the fate of these writs, cf . 
 pt. 1, ch. iii, s. 1, B, a and s. 2, A. 
 
 2 Cf. ibid. 
 
 3 Rot. Pari., ii, 238b; for this petition, cf. p. 27. 
 
 4 In “ Statutum de Forma,” etc., D, 2. 
 
 6 See pt. 1, ch. iii, s. 1, B. a. 
 
THE JUSTICES OF LABOURERS 
 
 45 
 
 justices of labourers as distinct from those of the keepers 
 of the peace until, in- 1357, the confirmation by statute of 
 certain claims made by the lords of franchises to the 
 penalties resulting from the labour legislation included 
 a provision that they should, out of their quota of these 
 penalties, contribute a share to the salaries of the justices 
 of labourers. 1 Assuredly, however, there was no need of 
 complaints from the commons or from the justices 
 themselves; a study of the whole subject of penalties, 
 based on chancery enrollments and exchequer documents, 
 shows that if the sessions were duly held and if any 
 penalties were levied at all, the justices were fairly cer¬ 
 tain, during this first decade, to receive their recom¬ 
 pense. 2 
 
 During the running of the subsidy of 1352, when the 
 payment of the justices’ salaries was made through the 
 agency of the collectors instead of the sheriffs, there is 
 evidence that in some cases the instructions of the second 
 petition of 1352 were followed, and that the rate was deter¬ 
 mined by a joint committee of the collectors and the 
 lawful men of the county, the letters close merely order¬ 
 ing “reasonable wages; 3 but normally the writs of the 
 great seal specify a definite rate per day or per year, to 
 be paid to a given justice only for those days during 
 
 1 See pt. 1, ch. iii, s. 2, B, and app., 18. 
 
 2 Later, there must have been some diminution in the regularity of 
 payment to the justices now acting on joint commissions; cf. e. g., Rot. 
 Pari., ii, 271b: “ Item que covenables Gages soient ordeinez pur les ditz 
 Justices, come semblera as Chanceller etTresorer notre Seignur le Roi. 
 . . . Le Roi commandera as Chanceller et Tresorer sur ce sa volente.” 
 A similar request is recorded, ibid. , 286b; and the accusation is even 
 made that the justices fail to do their duty for lack of wages; ibid. , 312b, 
 333b and 341b. In the course of the next reign the frequent petitions 
 finally result in a statutory provision, Statutes, 12 R. II, c. 10. 
 
 3 See pt. 1, ch. iii, s. 1, B, a. 
 
4 6 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 which he had actually sat. Except for the period of the 
 subsidy, the only information as to how this rate was 
 fixed comes from the date of the re-organization of the 
 office of the justice of the peace, just after the merging 
 of the two commissions into one.; the king apparently 
 bids the chancellor and the treasurer settle the rate. 1 
 One may hazard the guess that this duty had, in the past 
 also, fallen mainly to these two officials. 
 
 A brief summary of the normal rates is as follows: 2 
 
 25th year, by the day: either half a mark for a justice 
 and his clerk, i. e. 5s. for the justice and is. 8d. for the 
 clerk, or 5s. for the justice alone. 
 
 26th year, by the day: some irregularity occurs during 
 the running of the subsidy, since in various instances 
 “reasonable wages” merely are mentioned in the writs. 
 When specified the rate proves to be as before, half a 
 mark for a justice or the same for a justice and his clerk; 
 probably the clerk is assumed in the higher rate. 5s. for 
 a justice alone is frequent, and occasionally 6s. or 3s. 4d. 
 
 There are no more enrollments of writs for salaries 
 until early in 1356, 3 the subsidy having ceased by the end 
 
 1 See p. 45, note 2. 
 
 3 These figures are taken from the entries on the Close Rolls, referred 
 to p. 18, notes 1 and 2. It must be remembered that a mark is 13s. 4d. 
 
 3 1 add the references to the Close Rolls: 30, m. 13, “ De vadiis sol- 
 uendis iusticiariis ad inquirendum de operariis assignatis;” a long list 
 dated variously from 26 May to 12 Oct. Ibid., m. 23, “ Pro Radulfo de 
 Middelneye," 10 Feb. 31, m. 6, “Pro Waltero Paries, de vadiis sol- 
 uendis,” 26 Nov. Ibid., “ De vadiis solvendis iusticiariis ad inquirendum 
 de operariis assignatis;” a short list dated 12 Nov. Ibid., m. 25, “ De 
 vadiis iusticiariis de operariis et seruientibus soluendis;” a long list 
 dated variously from 6 Feb. to 12 Oct. Ibid., “ Pro Thoma de Sloghtre 
 et aliis,” 16 May. 32, m. 6, “ De vadiis iusticiariis ad inquirendum de 
 operariis soluendis;” a short list dated variously from 20 Oct. to 26 
 Nov. Ibid., m. 23, “ De vadiis iusticiariis ad inquirendum de seruien¬ 
 tibus assignatis soluendis;” a long list dated variously from 8 Feb. to 
 
THE JUSTICES OF LABOURERS 
 
 47 
 
 of 1354. The rate is now given by the year instead of 
 by the day, a practice that continues during the remain¬ 
 der of the decade. The amount is usually £10 a year for 
 one justice and his clerk, and 10 marks a year for the 
 other justice or for each of the other two justices, occa¬ 
 sionally falling as low as £5 a year. While at first the 
 clerk is not always specified as receiving a share of the 
 greater of the two usual rates, he is so rarely omitted 
 from the later lists that it is a fair inference that the £10 
 regularly included his wages. If the intention is that all 
 the acting justices are to be paid at equal rates, the 
 clerk’s yearly salary will be £3 6s. 8d. x 
 
 In comparing the payments per day of the earlier 
 method with these annual payments, it is to be remem¬ 
 bered that in the latter case the writs always stated that 
 the round sum was due only if the sessions had been 
 held for forty days during the year in question; while in 
 the former case forty days were named as the maximum 
 for which the daily rate was to be computed. Under 
 both schemes, if the sessions had been for fewer days, 
 the salaries would be proportionately less. On this basis 
 it is clear that normally the 5s. rate per day for a justice, 
 exclusive of the clerk, would amount to £10 a year, a 
 considerably larger sum than the 10 marks of the second 
 scheme, which averages only 3s. 4d. a day. The clerk’s 
 total per year under the first scheme of is. 8d. per day, 
 
 20 Jan. Ibid., “ Pro Edmundo de Clyuedon,” 14 April. 33, m. 8, “ De 
 vadiis iusticiariis soluendis;” a short list dated from 11 Nov. to 2 Dec. 
 Ibid., m. 35, “ De vadiis soluendis iusticiariis de operariis; a long list 
 dated from 8 Feb. to 20 Aug. For an example of such a letter close, 
 cf. app., D, 5. 
 
 Although in one instance (see writ to Sloghter, p. 46, note 3) it 
 is specified that the clerk is to have £2 and two justices 20 marks be¬ 
 tween them, I am inclined to believe that the larger amount is more 
 usual. 
 
4 g ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 would at its maximum, equal £3 6s. 8d., exactly the 
 same amount as that which he received according to the 
 later method. 1 Occasionally, it appears that justices 
 especially zealous in the performance of their duties, 
 i. e. successful in an unusually large number of convic¬ 
 tions, are rewarded by additional payments beyond the 
 amount of their regular salaries. 2 It is always to be 
 emphasized that if the justices failed altogether in mak¬ 
 ing any convictions, they would be entirely without com¬ 
 pensation for their labours ; a fact plainly of the greatest 
 possible efficacy in encouraging a thorough enforcement 
 of the statutes entrusted to their care. 
 
 *In the earliest enactment cn the subject (12 R. II, c. 10) the clerk's 
 salary was increased to 2 s. per day, while the rate prescribed for the 
 justices (by this date serving on joint commissions) was only 4 s. per 
 day, midway between the two previous rates; and the sessions were 
 now only expected to last three days four times a year. It is worth 
 while to compare with the amounts received by the justices the rate of 
 payment to members of parliament at this date; 4 s. a day for a knight 
 and 2 s. for a citizen or burgher. Stubbs, Const. Hist., ii, 247. 
 
 2 The writ to Edmund de Clyvedon {supra p. 47, note) had ordered £10 
 beyond his regular wages on account of his great expenses and con¬ 
 tinuous labours, “ necnon proficuum magnum, quod nobis per dili- 
 genciam et laborem suum fecit. ” Likewise, an additional payment of 
 ^5 had been ordered by writ of the great seal for Peverel and Halsam 
 in Sussex because they had shown “ diligenciam et solicitudinem . . . . 
 in sessionibus suis inde pro nostro et populi nostri commodo; " Mem. 
 K. R., 34, Trin., Breu. Baron., rot. 14, “ Pro vicecomite Sussex'.” 
 The sheriff had such difficulty in obtaining his allowance from the ex¬ 
 chequer for this payment that he petitioned the crown, and nearly three 
 years later, a second writ was issued by the king and council to the 
 barons ordering them to make the proper allowance. For an account 
 of the episode, cf. Mem. L. T. R., 34, Trin., Precepta, rot. 6 d, Surr’ 
 Sussex.’ (Another portion of the same process is given in app., D, 6.) 
 As the ordinary writs for wages make no provision for extra sessions 
 held according to the statute (app., 16) at the “discretion ” of the jus¬ 
 tices, it is possible that these additional payments represent the reward 
 for such sessions. 
 
THE JUSTICES OF LABOURERS 
 
 49 
 
 It has already been pointed out that only those justices 
 were paid who actually sat, and that with the system of 
 practical exemption for a portion of each commission 
 from the necessity of service, only two or three (on rare 
 occasions four or five) received salaries; 1 the figures 
 recorded in exchequer documents show that the maxi¬ 
 mum was frequently, though not always, reached. 2 From 
 these two considerations it is plain that there was a 
 fairly definite limit to the total amount due in wages out 
 of the penalties in a given county. 
 
 Suits brought by the justices to secure the payment of 
 their salaries 3 show the importance with which such pay¬ 
 ment was regarded, and prove beyond doubt that in the 
 fourteenth century the compensation was considered an 
 essential factor in the organization of the office. 4 5 
 
 (7) The personnel of the commissions A —During this 
 decade the petitions of the commons as to the keepers of 
 the peace and the justices of labourers, either of the 
 joint or separate commissions, include no requests for a 
 definite property qualification 6 but merely mention rather 
 
 1 Cf. p. 35. 2 See pt. 1, ch. iii, s. 2, A. 
 
 3 In the court of king’s bench and in the exchequer; see pt. 1, ch. iii, 
 
 s. 1, B, b and s. 2, A. 
 
 4 The later petitions already quoted complaining of the neglect of their 
 duties because of the lack of salaries point to the same conclusion; I am 
 inclined, therefore, to disagree with Mr. Beard’s view {op. cit., 150), 
 that “no attempt was ever made to provide a regular salary for the 
 justice of the peace.” 
 
 5 See list of justices in app., B, 3. The calendars of Close and Patent 
 Rolls issued since my monograph was practically completed {cf. app., 
 20-21) will render comparatively easy a really thorough study of the per¬ 
 sonnel of the justices. I can here emphasize only a few important points. 
 
 6 Neither the ordinance or the statute had specified any qualifications. 
 A statute of 18 H. VI, c. 11 {Statutes), enacted that to be eligible to 
 the peace commission a man must have an income of ^20 per annum; 
 with the change in the value of money, this sum soon became merely 
 nominal. Cf. Beard, op. cit., 144. 
 
50 
 
 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 vague and varying requirements: they are to be les 
 Grantz de la terre , Contes et Barons , chescun en sa 
 Marche , od les plus loialx et sages de la ley ; 1 or desphis 
 suffisantz demorantz deins les Countees g the statute re¬ 
 sulting from this latter petition enacts the appointment 
 of iustices sachantz de lei , qi soient bones et couenables? 
 The most specific demand is for des phis loialx , sages & 
 sufficeantz des Countees , . . . et que mil Justice soit as- 
 signe par commission sil ne soit sufficient dlestat et con¬ 
 dition a respondre au Roi et au poeple.*- Beyond the 
 negative criticism implied by such petitions there seems 
 to be no evidence of any general complaint against the 
 status of the men assigned during these years. Closely 
 bound up with the subject of the qualifications of the 
 justices is the question of their residence in the districts 
 to which they are assigned; the petition for men demo¬ 
 rantz deins les Countees , 5 repeated next time with greater 
 emphasis, et nient en foreins lieuxf shows that there 
 must have been some abuse of the non-residence practice. 
 An examination of the appointments has already brought 
 out a notable difference between the membership of the 
 
 x Rot. Pari., ii, 238a; cf. p. 27. 
 
 2 Ibid., ii, 252b; cf. p. 27. 3 App., 17. 
 
 4 Rot. Pari., ii, 257b; in this case the request applies to the keepers 
 of the peace also; cf. p. 27. A writ of privy seal, addressed to the chan¬ 
 cellor under date of 17 Aug., 1350 is worth quoting although it refers to 
 a keeper of the peace, not to a justice of labourers: “ Porce qe nous 
 auons entenduz qe Laurence de Ludelowe qest assigne vn des gardeins 
 de nostre pees en le conte de Shropshire nest pas sufisant ne couenable 
 pur la garde de nostre dite pees et de faire autres choses qappartignent 
 a son office, vous mandons que remue le dit Laurence facez assigner en 
 son lieu aucun autre homme sufhsant del dit conte qi serra plus couen¬ 
 able pur la garde de la pees susdite.” Writs of Privy Seal, Chancery, 
 Series I, file 347, no. 21, 102. 
 
 5 Rot. Pari., ii, 252b; quoted supra , note 2. 
 
 8 Ibid., 257b; quoted supra , note 4. 
 
THE JUSTICES OF LABOURERS 
 
 51 
 
 joint as compared with that of the separate commissions ; 1 
 the former include a large proportion of men of law and 
 of magnates, appointed at the same date, for a great 
 number of counties; e. g., John de Moubray and William 
 de Skipwith for nine counties, William de Shareshull for 
 seven, and similarly in many other cases. 2 Lambard’s 
 description, therefore, of the justices assigned to execute 
 the statute of labourers as “ not resiant in the countrey, 
 but sent downe for the time of that seruice ” is well justi¬ 
 fied. 3 While occasionally the payment of wages in a 
 given district proves to be to one of these well-known 
 men, e. g., to Skipwith in Lincolnshire, 4 showing that he 
 was performing actual service, usually it is the less 
 famous names that appear on the salaried list, even in the 
 case of the joint commissions. On the separate com¬ 
 missions for labourers there is a much smaller proportion 
 of distinguished men and very few instances where the 
 same men were appointed to a plurality of districts. 
 Perhaps the petitions of the commons had effect; at any 
 rate, on the whole, it is fair to characterize the lists of 
 justices of labourers as composed of residents of the dis¬ 
 tricts for which they were acting. 
 
 Further, while the joint commissioners, having power 
 to hear and determine cases of felony and of homicide, 
 
 1 Cf. p. 22. 
 
 2 The list in app., B, 3, shows the extent of this practice, an evil a little 
 different in nature from that of which Lambard had complained; cf. 
 p. 38. 
 
 3 Eirenarcha, 562; erroneously described as justices of labourers only. 
 Cf. p. 9, note 1. 
 
 4 Claus., 26, m. 16, 20 June, in the district of Lindsey; Cal., ix, 437. 
 Ibid., Cavendish in Essex and Suffolk. The latter’s murder by the in¬ 
 surgents has even been attributed to his relation to the statutes of labour¬ 
 ers; Trevelyan’s Wycliffe, 217 and 219. 
 
ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 would naturally include men learned in law, 1 there seems 
 d priori no such urgent need in the case of the justices 
 of labourers; but even among the latter, there appear 
 the names of twenty-seven men who at some time during 
 their careers, served as judges in the upper courts, 2 and 
 merely a cursory study of the list shows that many of 
 these justices were acting as justices of assize and of 
 oyer and terminer. 3 
 
 It has been shown that in boroughs there is some 
 tendency to employ existing officials: 4 the mayors of 
 York and of Nottingham both served on commissions 
 that included other names as well; in Oxford on four 
 occasions, the mayor and chancellor are alone appointed; 
 while in London the mayor and sheriffs are assigned, in 
 the first instance alone, in the second with three others. 5 
 The case of London is distinctly abnormal, for it had 
 been stated in the parliament in the autumn of 1355 that 
 sheriffs and coroners were not to be appointed justices. 0 
 
 1 The statute of 34 Edw. Ill, c. 1, provided that the commission of 
 the peace (now a joint commission) should include “one lord, and with 
 him three or four of the most worthy in the County, with some learned 
 in the law.” 
 
 -Including justices of the court of king’s bench and of common pleas, 
 several barons of the exchequer and several chancellors; cf. Foss’ Judges 
 of Englatid. 
 
 3 See indices of the calendars of Patent and Close Rolls. 
 
 4 As a matter of fact the ordinance had empowered the mayors and 
 bailiffs of cities and boroughs to enforce some of its provisions; app.> 
 10-11. 
 
 •' App., 33 and note 1, 34,40,42. For London see in addition, pt. 1, 
 ch. iii, s. 2, A. 
 
 6 “Ne que nul Viscount, Coroner, ne nul de lour Ministres desore 
 soient assignez Justices en nulle commission; ” Rot. Pari., ii, 265b. 
 Later it was necessary to repeat the prohibiton; ibid., 335b. Beard, 
 op. cit., 42, writes that the movement against sheriffs may have been 
 an attempt “to secure greater independence from purely royal offi- 
 
THE JUSTICES OF LABOURERS 
 
 53 
 
 It is probable that there had been complaints that at the 
 present moment the evil was peculiarly pressing. A 
 study of the lists of sheriffs 1 shows, that, leaving out of 
 consideration magnates like the earls of Arundell and of 
 Warwick, who held the office for life or for long terms, 
 and who were also acting on innumerable commissions, 
 there are during this decade between thirty and forty 
 occasions when a sheriff or a subsheriff is actually serv¬ 
 ing as justice of labourers, and that, at the very time that 
 this parliament was in session, five sheriffs were thus 
 doing double duty. 2 Two days before the end of the 
 session, Laundels, justice of labourers in Oxfordshire, 
 was made sheriff of Oxfordshire and Berkshire; his 
 prompt removal 3 from the commission of labourers may 
 have been the result of the parliamentary agitation of the 
 question; but the practice was not checked, since, of the 
 cases referred to above, about half occur after this date. 
 The anomaly of this special combination of duties is ap¬ 
 parent ; a justice would issue writs to himself as sheriff 
 to summon jurors and attach delinquents, and would then 
 as sheriff report to himself as justice that the writs had 
 been executed. A case to the point occurs in Bucking¬ 
 hamshire ; Hamden as sheriff is ordered by the exchequer 
 to levy from himself as justice of labourers a sum due to 
 the crown. 4 A very large proportion of men who had 
 
 cers; ” the objection on practical grounds seems to me sufficient ex¬ 
 planation. 
 
 1 No. ix, in Joists and Indexes. 
 
 J Harewedon, justice in Northants. and sheriff of Cambridge and 
 Hunts.; Laundels referred to in my text; Northo, justice in Sussex and 
 sheriff of Surrey and Sussex; Paries, justice and sheriff in Northants.; 
 Threlkeld, justice and sheriff in Cumberland. 
 
 a Appointed sheriff on 28 Nov. and removed from his commission for 
 labourers on 2 Dec. 
 
 * App., D, 3. 
 
54 
 
 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 been or were to be sheriffs were serving during this de¬ 
 cade as justices of labourers, often only a short interval 
 elapsing between their two sets of duties. 1 In the cases 
 where appointment to other duties is specified as the 
 reason for the discharge of a justice from service, the 
 following are mentioned : commission in another county, 
 sheriff twice, steward, collector of subsidy, and “ other 
 business of the king.” 2 
 
 It has already been emphasized that at the time of the 
 enactment of the statute the commissions included a 
 number of magnates appointed simultaneously for several 
 counties; it is, therefore, not surprising to find a clause 
 allowing the justices the privilege de deputer autres soutz 
 eux, tantz et tielx come ils verront que mieltz soit , pur 
 la garde de meisme ceste ordinance? There was, how¬ 
 ever, some opposition to this system; a petition, in 1353, 
 begs that keepers of the peace and justices of labourers 
 shall not appoint deputies; 4 two years later justices of 
 labourers are forbidden to appoint deputies. 5 The only 
 positive evidence for the custom that has come to my 
 notice is in the case of Wiltshire, where for 1352 and 
 1 355 proceedings exist coram deputatis iusticiariorum , 
 although the justices themselves are also acting. 6 
 
 The few definite instances where it is apparent to what 
 other offices justices of labourers were appointed, the fre¬ 
 quent occurrence of their names on the list of sheriffs, 
 and also in the indices of the calendars that are thus far 
 
 l E. g. t in Northants., Blundell had acted as sheriff up to 3 March, 
 
 1351, and on 15 March was appointed to the joint commission. 
 
 '-See p. 30, and note 5. 3 App., 15. 
 
 4 Rot. Part., ii, 252b. 5 Ibid., 265b. 
 
 6 App., C, 1, nos. xvi and xvii. In a later Wiltshire roll, that for 
 
 3157, there is no mention of deputies. 
 
THE JUSTICES OF LABOURERS 
 
 55 
 
 in print, where they appear as justices of oyer and ter¬ 
 miner, collectors of the subsidy, 1 escheators etc., give a 
 fairly clear picture of the general character of the men 
 who were doing the work of enforcing the labour stat¬ 
 utes. Apart from a score or more of judges, afterwards 
 famous on the bench, and from a still smaller proportion 
 of noblemen, the large majority of these justices seem to 
 belong to that class of landed gentry to whom at this 
 period the business of local administration of all kinds 
 was entrusted, and into whose hands the task of the pre¬ 
 servation of the peace eventually fell. 2 
 
 There is no record at this period of any general indict¬ 
 ment against the honesty and straight dealing of the 
 justices of labourers, and further evidence will show that 
 the actual instances of their conviction for misdoings are 
 not many. At any rate it is evident that the king’s 
 council and the commons were at one in their belief in 
 the superior merits of local justices for enforcing the 
 labour legislation, and were shrewd enough to see that 
 as employers of labour in the very district in which they 
 were acting, perhaps even of the very offenders sum¬ 
 moned before them for trial, 3 the justices would have 
 every incentive to show laudable zeal as to frequent ses¬ 
 sions and numerous convictions, and would thus prove 
 the most efficient of administrators. 
 
 This account of the 671 justices of labourers affords 
 
 1 E. g., de la Mare is acting as collector in the same county in which 
 he had recently served on a joint commission; see Mem. L. T. R., 29, 
 Mich., Presentaciones, rot. 7, Roteland'. 
 
 2 See Beard, op. cit., 71. 
 
 3 While Gilbert de Berewyk was on the commission for labourers in 
 Wiltshire, his own servant was indicted in sessions for departure from 
 Berewyk’s service and for receipt of illegal wages; Pat., 27, pt. 2, m. 
 14, 8 Aug., “ De pardonacione utlagarie {Cal., ix, 485). 
 
S 6 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 convincing proof that parliament, king and council, 
 clearly intended that the statute should be enforced, and 
 that they were using every means in their power to 
 secure this end. The results of their efforts must be 
 looked for in the records of the proceedings before the 
 justices and in the amounts of the penalties imposed. 
 
CHAPTER II 
 
 PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE JUSTICES OF LABOURERS 
 
 In comparison with the completeness of the chancery 
 enrollments having to do with the appointments of the 
 justices, the number of sessional records in existence for 
 the decade is disappointingly meagre, 1 eighteen rolls, 
 representing thirteen counties. Other sources, however, 
 abound in references to similar rolls which cannot now 
 be found, 2 while exchequer documents as to the penal¬ 
 ties, 3 especially subsidy accounts 4 and entries of pay¬ 
 ments of justices' wages, 5 afford convincing proof that 
 the justices were sitting with fair regularity throughout 
 the country. The eighteen rolls, therefore, by no means 
 give exhaustive information as to the activity of the 
 justices, and even if thoroughly analyzed will not furnish 
 complete statistics as to rates of wages or of prices, or as 
 to the number of offenders in the various economic and 
 social classes affected by the statutes. They may, 
 nevertheless, be regarded as typical for the administra¬ 
 tive methods of the justices, their procedure in session, 
 their relative emphasis on different portions of the legis¬ 
 lation, and the character of their penalties, and contain 
 important if not conclusive evidence as to the general 
 trend of rates and the usual status of the culprits. 
 
 1 By no means meagre however in comparison with the usual state¬ 
 ment that none can be found for an earlier date than the sixteenth 
 century. 
 
 2 See p. 64, and app., 143-144. 3 Pt. 1, ch. iii, passim. 
 
 4 Ibid., s. 1, B. 5 Ibid., s. 2, A. and pt. 1, ch. i, s. 6. 
 
 57 
 
-g ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 The following sections are based chiefly on data de¬ 
 rived from an examination of the entire contents of these 
 eighteen rolls, and more especially from the extracts 
 selected for printing, the latter having been chosen with 
 a view to illustrate as far as possible every phase of the 
 work of the justices in session. 1 
 
 (i) General description of the sessions and of the ses¬ 
 sional records .—With characteristic administrative pre¬ 
 cision the statute 2 had specified that the justices were to 
 hold their sessions four times a year, Lady-Day (25 
 March), St. Margaret’s (20July), Michaelmas (29Septem¬ 
 ber), and St. Nicholas (6 December), and at any other 
 time at their “discretion.” 3 This earliest regulation of 
 the dates of what may properly be called “quarter ses¬ 
 sions,” framed for the joint commission of the peace and 
 for labourers, 4 was held to apply also to the separate 
 commissions for labourers, 5 and until two years after the 
 consolidation of the commissions,—and, therefore, after 
 my decade,—was not modified by statute. 6 Although 
 there was no enactment as to the length of the sessions, 
 the writs for payment of the salaries of the justices from 
 the very beginning assume forty days to be the normal 
 amount per year, 7 but do not suggest that this maximum 
 is compulsory, or that it needed to be distributed equally 
 among the four sessions. A petition of 1354, requesting 
 that the justices sit at least forty days a year, 8 implies 
 some shortcomings on their part, but the complaints do 
 
 1 App., C, 1. 
 
 *The ordinance had not mentioned sessions of justices. 
 
 s App., 16. 
 
 * Cf. p. 9, note 1, for reference to Lambard’s error in this matter. 
 
 5 Proved by the dates of the Cornwall sessions, app., 159-160. 
 
 6 Statutes, 36 Edw. Ill, st. 1, c. 12. 7 Pt. 1, ch. i, s. 6. 
 
 8 Rot. Part., ii, 257b-258a; cf. p. 27. 
 
PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE JUSTICES 
 
 59 
 
 not become urgent until a later period . 1 It is evident 
 from the entries on the Pipe Rolls as to justices’ wages 
 that the maximum of forty days was fairly usual, 
 although not inevitable . 2 A glance at the chronology 
 of the dates of the recorded sessions indicates wide 
 diversity of practice in the different counties, varying 
 from the orderliness of the Cornwall rolls, seven sessions 
 at the statutory dates, of ten days each, to the irregu¬ 
 larity, for example, of the Derby roll, where the justices 
 sat for one or two days in six different months, with no 
 reference to the prescribed dates. The utter chaos for 
 Hereford and Rutland, where the sequence of the years 
 and of the days of the week is hopelessly confused , 3 
 seems to indicate a poor job on the part of the clerk, 
 but the general impression conveyed by the eighteen 
 rolls in distinction from the Pipe Roll entries, is that 
 the maximum of forty days was rather rare, and that 
 the “ discretion ” of the justices as to choice of dates was 
 freely exercised. 
 
 With no statutory provisions as to the place for the 
 holding of sessions, the practice varies from county 
 to county; in some instances the justices sit always at 
 the chief town , 4 or at two or three important towns ; 5 
 sometimes they move with regularity from place to 
 place ; 6 in two cases, various sets of deputies hold in- 
 
 l The statute of the 36th year seems to be due to complaints in parlia¬ 
 ment of the irregularity in the holding of sessions; Rot. Pari., ii, 
 271b; cf. also ibid ., 319b. The petitions continue during the next 
 reign, but three days four times a year are finally decided as sufficient. 
 See p. 48, note 1. Lambard complains that in his time the sessions 
 of the peace often did not last over three hours altogether; Eirenarcha y 
 570 . 
 
 3 Cf. p. 45, and pt. I, ch. iii, s. 2, A. 
 
 s App., 165-166; 186-189; 202-203. 4 App., 145-149. 
 
 5 App., 165-166. 6 App., 159-160; 204-210. 
 
6 q ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 quests in every hundred, and make their reports to 
 the justices who are conducting their sessions at the 
 chief town . 1 I have been unable to discover where, 
 within the limits of the town, the sessions were usually 
 held; in Essex, a iustice sur laborers is indicting and 
 convicting labourers en le Chaustel Daungre; it will be 
 shown later, however, that there is some doubt as to 
 the nature of his commission, and in any case his pro¬ 
 ceedings were irregular . 2 
 
 From the rolls themselves one can not always infer 
 how many or which justices were acting, as the heading 
 is frequently coram . . . (then follows one name) et sociis 
 sms ; but it has been emphasized that the writs for wages 
 indicate that the number of “ working” justices ranges 
 from two to five ; 3 the form of the commission implies 
 that a minimum of two must be present , 4 and it appears 
 that one of the charges against a justice under indictment 
 is that he sat alone in judgment . 5 It seems to have been 
 the custom to speak of one justice of each commission, 
 usually the first name on the list, as capitalis iusticiarins 6 
 or principaliter vominatus ; 1 but just what additional re- 
 
 1 App., 228-229. * App., 266, and pt. 1, ch. iii, s. I, A. 
 
 Cf. pp. 17-18, and notes 1 and 2. 
 
 4 “ Et ideo vobis mandamus quod . . . vos tres et duo vestrum ...” 
 app., 26. 
 
 'App., 212. It is strange that in two instances in the second series 
 of writs for the 26th year, Kesteven and Holderness, wages are to be 
 paid to one man only. See supra , note 3. Chester is a distinct ex¬ 
 ception; some of the proceedings take place before one justice only, and 
 the commission issued just after my decade is directed to one man only; 
 p. 16, note 2. 
 
 ''Mem. L. T. R., 29, Trin., Breu. Ret., rot. 2 d; Henry de Percy is 
 thus described. Ibid., 32, Mich., Recorda. rot. 21, Derby; Braylesford 
 appears in court under this title. 
 
 : See Exchequer, K. R., Accounts, no/15, Norfolk; Berneye (whose 
 
PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE JUSTICES 
 
 61 
 
 sponsibilities were incurred by him I can not say . 1 With 
 the two or more justices who were holding sessions there 
 sat the clerc des iustices , referred to in the statute of 
 labourers, without any account of his duties . 2 He was 
 paid a regular salary , 3 presumably in return for the labour 
 of writing the two classes of sessional records, the placita 
 or accounts of the proceedings, and the “estreats” or 
 memoranda of the resulting penalties. The former seem 
 usually to be made up according to a definite system, 
 beginning with the enrollment of the letters patent in 
 virtue of which the given justices were acting, followed 
 by the usual writs to the sheriff for the summoning of 
 
 case has been referred to, p. 18, note 4 and p. 31, note 10) makes the 
 following explanation to a writ demanding his estreats as a member of 
 a peace commission: “ Et de alio tempore (. . . illegible) non habeo 
 quia commissiones ante tempus infradictum ad inquirendum de infra 
 contentis non habui nec post predictum tempus intromittere potui prop¬ 
 ter breve domini Regis michi et Willelmo de Wychingham tunc socio 
 meo de premissis directum de vlterius non intromittendo, cuius breuis 
 transcriptum patet in cedula in ista inclusa. Et sciendum quod post 
 illud tempus alie commissiones de pace custodienda in comitatu predicto 
 directe fuerunt Iohanni Bardolf de Wyrmegeye et alia vice Iohanni de 
 Norwico, michi et aliis, sed recorda et extracte inde remanent penes 
 ipsos tamquam principaliter in dictis commissionibus nominatos.” Un¬ 
 doubtedly there was no difference in this matter as between a keeper of 
 the peace and a justice of labourers. Cf. Chaucer in Prologue to the 
 Canterbury Tales: 
 
 “ A Frankeleyn was in his companye 
 
 • • • • • 
 
 At sessiouns ther was he lord and sire; 
 
 Full ofte tyme he was knight of the shire.” 
 
 Verses 331, 355 and 356. 
 
 x For tentative suggestions, cf. p. 35, note 4 and p. 64 of this section. 
 
 2 App., 16. 
 
 3 Cf. p. 46. According to an instance noted in the Records of the 
 Borough of Leicester , ii, 80, the mayor seems to have loaned to the 
 keepers of the peace the services of his own clerk and then to have 
 claimed from them the amount of the clerk’s salary. 
 
62 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 the jury of indictment, and then by the presentments and 
 summoning of the indicted etc.; 1 sometimes the amount 
 of the penalty is entered over the name of the convicted , 2 
 but normally the estreat roll is altogether separate. The 
 chaotic condition of some of the existing rolls looks as if 
 the clerk took merely rough notes during the session, 
 and was then responsible for getting the roll into proper 
 shape from memory; in one case a justice admits that he 
 has the estreats but confesses that they are not yet prop¬ 
 erly arraiata? There is plenty of evidence that the clerk 
 did not always do his work well: e. g., the justices are 
 distrained to correct mistakes in the estreats ; 4 the es¬ 
 treats are returned to the justices because they seemed to 
 the court of the exchequer esse insufficientes et non debita 
 forma scriptos vel aimaiatos ,* 5 there is, on at least one 
 occasion, a discrepancy between the date stated in court 
 by the justices and that written in the estreat roll by the 
 clerk ; 6 on another occasion the court questions whether 
 the estreats brought into the exchequer by the clerk 
 (apparently) are in truth the estreats of the justices . 7 
 The clerk was evidently used as a messenger, and 
 appears before the barons to prove that he had 
 delivered the estreats to the collectors . 8 One clerk 
 is shown to have had the estreats in his posses¬ 
 sion and to have carelessly lost them ; 9 others are 
 
 *S. 2 of this chapter, and app., 173-175. It is not meant that this 
 logical order is always adopted by the clerk. 
 
 1 App., 181-183. 
 
 ;; Mem. L. T. R.,26, Mich. Presentaciones, Dediedato, Southampton. 
 
 4 Ibid ., 35, Mich.,Breu. Ret., rot. 1, Holland; a reference to the clause 
 of Rubeus Liber, also quoted in a case given in app., 365. 
 
 'Mem. L. T. R., 32, Hill., Recorda, rot. id; Northants. 
 
 e Ibid., 33, Mich., Recorda, rot. 16, Lincoln. 
 
 7 App., 365. 8 App., 290. 
 
 9 App., 285. 
 
PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE JUSTICES 
 
 63 
 
 worse than careless and, in league with corrupt justices 
 to aid in their extortion, are found substituting the 
 name of an innocent for that of a guilty man . 1 It is not 
 unnatural that by the next reign it was deemed advisable 
 to administer an oath to the clerk as well as to the jus¬ 
 tices, especially as by this date he had become responsi¬ 
 ble for the custody of the records . 2 
 
 This brings up a difficult problem; how and where were 
 the sessional records kept? A distinction must at once be 
 made between th z placita and the estreats of the penalties; 
 in examining the whole question of the disposition of the 
 penalties it will appear that there was a carefully worked- 
 out system in accordance with which the estreats were 
 regularly delivered into the exchequer . 3 Innumerable pro¬ 
 cesses show that eventually the estreats were received in 
 safety, and that the action of the exchequer was regular 
 and persistent in insisting on securing them; but it also 
 appears that the justices used exceedingly haphazard 
 methods in the care of the estreats; apparently any one 
 of the “working” justices who chanced to have them 
 penes se kept them merely in his own dwelling , 4 and 
 from what has already been said as to the possibility of 
 practical exemption on the part of some of the commis¬ 
 sion, there is no certainty as to who the “working jus¬ 
 tices” would prove to be. In the case of the placita , it 
 
 1 App., 241-242. 
 
 2 The oath of the justices of the peace who were now responsible for 
 the labour legislation includes the following: “ et que vous ne prendrez 
 ne resceiverez nul Clerc devers vous pur faire escrire ou garder les 
 Recordes et Proces avantdictes, s’il ne soit primerement jurez devant 
 vous de celer le conseil le Roi, & de faire et perfournir bien et loialment 
 de sa part qant a son office & degree apent en celle partie . . . Rot. 
 Pari., iii, 85b. Cf. pp. 42-43. 
 
 :< See pt. 1, ch. iii, passim. 
 
 4 E. g. app., 283; cf. also “in partibus suis; ” pt. 1, ch. iii, s. 1, B, b. 
 
64 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 is still more difficult to find traces of the development of 
 any rigid system for their preservation. That they were 
 usually kept for a time at least is clear from the follow¬ 
 ing considerations : records of actions before the justices 
 of labourers are summoned to Westminster by writ of 
 certiorari in order that the case may come before the 
 king’s bench, the council or the chancellor ; 1 the ex¬ 
 chequer for some special reason often orders the justices 
 to deliver into its custody their records, rolls and pro¬ 
 cesses ; 2 in the case of certain difficulties as to the divis¬ 
 ion of the penalties the treasurer and the barons bid the 
 justices examine their records and discuss the point in 
 question fully among themselves ; 3 on one occasion the 
 king has heard that a certain one of three justices had 
 the placita in his possession and therefore to him and to 
 him alone is directed the writ ordering him to examine 
 the records . 4 There is also some indication that the 
 capitalis iusticiarius was more directly responsible for 
 the custody of both estreats and placita than were his 
 colleagues . 5 
 
 An investigation of the eighteen existing rolls show 
 that in fourteen cases their survival can be explained 
 by special causes ; 6 either the roll in question was 
 wanted for a particular purpose by the exchequer, 
 
 1 See s. 7; also app., C, 2. 
 
 1 Cf. writs in app., C, i; note 3 infra contains one instance out of 
 many of a reference to the existence of a roll which I have not been 
 able to discover. 
 
 a Mem. L. T. R., 35, Mich., Breu. Ret., rot. 27, Berks.: “nos igitur 
 inde per vos cerciorari volentes vobis mandamus si pluries quod visis 
 rotulis placitorum inde penes vos residentibus, discussoque plenius inter 
 vos . . . .” 
 
 * App., 211. 
 
 5 Cf. p. 60, note 7, supra. 
 
 * App., 144. 
 
PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE JUSTICES 
 
 65 
 
 chancery or court of king’s bench , 1 or by some accident 
 its membranes had been united to the membranes of 
 some other roll of placita that normally belonged in 
 Westminster ; 2 in one instance the placita and the 
 estreats of penalties were combined . 3 Since it is only in 
 the case of four rolls that there is no obvious explana¬ 
 tion of their preservation, the conclusion is warranted 
 that the writs summoning them to Westminster have 
 been lost, and that there is at this date no provision for 
 the delivery of such records as a matter of ordinary 
 routine into the custody of any one department of the 
 central government 4 or even for their permanent safe¬ 
 guarding in the hands of the local officials . 5 Unless a 
 given roll were wanted within a few years, it probably 
 would never be wanted; it is therefore easy to see that 
 there would be no motive for keeping it indefinitely. 
 One cannot but rejoice at the fortunate chance that led 
 to the survival of these eighteen rolls to serve as a basis 
 for a description of what went on day by day before the 
 justices and their clerk. 
 
 (2) Procedure in sessions .—While the ordinance had 
 
 ‘The writs are either attached to the rolls or in some cases enrolled 
 elsewhere, e. g., on the Memoranda Rolls; see app., 173, 231-232. 
 
 2 App., C, 1; nos. I, II, III, VII, XI and XVII. 
 
 ‘'App., C, 1, no. XIII; cf. pt. 1, ch. iii, s. 2, A, as to the London 
 records. 
 
 ‘Although by 1336 it had been enacted ( Statutes, 9 Edw. Ill, st. 1, 
 c. 5) that justices of assize, of gaol delivery, and of oyer and terminer 
 should send all their records and processes into the exchequer each year. 
 
 3 By the next reign the oath of the justices quoted previously has the 
 following clause: “ & touz les Recordz et Proces que serront faitz devant 
 vous ferrez mettre en bone & seure garde.” Rot. Pari., iii, 85b. The 
 oath continues as on p. 63, note 2, supra, putting the responsibility on the 
 clerk. In spite of this provision there are several instances where dur¬ 
 ing the peasants’ revolt sessional records were destroyed by the insur¬ 
 gents; see Rot. Pari., iii, 275a, and Reville, Soullvement, 38. 
 
66 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 said nothing as to the procedure of the justices, the 
 statute had been specific: the justices are empowered 
 to swear in local officials, seneschals, bailiffs, and con¬ 
 stables, to enforce the legislation and to make reports at 
 quarter sessions; they are also empowered to hear and 
 determine all offences against the statutes brought to 
 their attention by the suits of plaintiffs and by present¬ 
 ments of juries, and, if necessary, to have recourse to the 
 process of exigend after the issue of the first writ of 
 capias' The last clause in their commissions informs 
 them that the sheriff has been instructed to summon 
 suitable juries at a time and place to be named by them . 2 
 Accordingly, the first step taken by the justices in virtue 
 of the receipt of their letters patent , 3 is the issue of a 
 writ to the sheriff , 4 bidding him summon to a definite 
 place, at an assigned date, a specific number—normally 
 twenty-four or twenty 5 —of honest and lawful men, usu- 
 
 'App., 15. In this section, except when otherwise specified, the 
 references are to pages of the appendix. 
 
 2 27. 
 
 H Unfortunately I have been unable to discover on what principle an 
 agreement was reached as to who of the commission were to do the 
 actual work (cf. pt. i, p. 35), nor do I know who administered the oath of 
 office to the justices, (cf. pt. 1, p. 43), or how the letters patent were de¬ 
 livered to them. Many instances occur where the justices’ excuse for 
 not acting has been the failure to receive the letters patent, an excuse 
 which seems always to have been accepted without further inquiry; cf. 
 e. g., pt. 1, ch. iii, s. 2, A, and app., 282. In one of the commissions the 
 sheriff is ordered to read aloud the letters patent in the presence of the 
 justices; and on one occasion it appears that the justices had themselves 
 read their commissions to a full county court.; app., 28, and 367. 
 
 'It has already been said that it was the clerk’s custom to enroll at 
 the beginning of his record a copy of the letter patent and also the en¬ 
 suing writ to the sheriff; cf. s. 1, p. 61, and app., 161. 
 
 5 173, 181. Less often 18, or 12; 184, note 1, 204-205. “Knights ’’ 
 are sometimes specified; 199, in one case the reeve and four men from 
 each “ villa; ’’ 161. 
 
PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE JUSTICES 
 
 67 
 
 ally from each hundred , 1 who are to do whatever shall 
 be enjoined upon them to do; constables and sub-con¬ 
 stables are frequently included in this summons . 2 Next, 
 at the appointed day and place, in the presence of the 
 justices, the sheriff replies that he has executed the writ, 
 and that the jurors are present ; 3 then either the whole 
 number, or in some cases twelve, are sworn by the jus¬ 
 tices 4 and charged to inquire into all cases of infringe¬ 
 ment of the law, while the constables are charged to per¬ 
 form the duties assigned to them by the statute . 5 * For 
 both a day is named on which they are to make their 
 presentments and render their reports, or suffer a penalty 
 for neglect . 0 
 
 The actual work of the session may be said to begin 
 when the constables and the juries of indictment from 
 each district 7 make their presentments under oath; usu¬ 
 ally to the effect that such and such individuals, perhaps 
 a long list, are guilty of specific offences against the stat¬ 
 utes. It sometimes happens in the case of such indict¬ 
 ments, most frequently perhaps in those brought by the 
 
 1 Other districts are wapentake, 161; burg, 204; city, 173; “villa,” 
 161; “villata,” 181. 
 
 2 173; 221. 
 
 3 He is sometimes forced to distrain the jurors to appear; 221-222. 
 
 4 199, and 222. 
 
 5 222. In Cornwall the “decenna” and the “ decennarii ” have the 
 brunt of the task of making presentments; 150-151. 
 
 c In one instance where the jurors fail to report on the day assigned 
 they are told that the penalty of 40 s. will be inflicted if there should be 
 any further delay; 222-223. 
 
 7 If the justices are holding their sessions in various places within the 
 county during the same year, in each place the presentments are made 
 from the neighboring hundreds or towns only; cf. e. g. t 181. In two 
 of the Wiltshire rolls there is a double set of proceedings, i. e. before 
 deputies and before justices; 228-229. 
 
68 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 constables, that no further process is recorded, but that 
 finis or finem fecit is entered over each name in the list . 1 
 Probably the lack of further details is due merely to in¬ 
 adequate notes on the part of the clerk; it seems pos¬ 
 sible, however, that the early procedure of the old local 
 courts was still in use, and that the presentments instead 
 of being traversable are treated as conclusive proof of 
 guilt . 2 By far the more usual method is the one now to 
 be described. Occasionally, without further measures on 
 the part of the justices, the indicted appear of their own 
 accord ; 3 but normally the justices issue a writ of al- 
 tachies to the sheriff, ordering him to produce the in¬ 
 dicted on a given day . 4 The sheriff then reports, often 
 according to the return of the bailiff of a hundred or of 
 a liberty , 5 that the individuals mentioned in the list given 
 to him are attached by pledges, or that they have noth¬ 
 ing by which they can be attached . 6 In the first case the 
 indicted when summoned are to appear in the charge of 
 the sheriff, and their examination can begin ; 7 if they do 
 not appear when summoned, their pledges are in mercy , 8 
 and the justices issue a writ of capias to the sheriff, re¬ 
 turnable at a later day, ordering him to produce both 
 this latter set of indicted, as well as those before men¬ 
 tioned who had no property by which they could be 
 
 1 145-148; 198; 223. 
 
 7 Cf. Pollock and Maitland, Hist. Eng. Law , ii, 652-653. There are 
 equally clear cases where a constable’s presentment is treated as an in¬ 
 dictment; 201. 
 
 3 182. 
 
 4 152; sometimes the writ is a “ venire facias,” and in connection with 
 offences against the weights’ and measures’ legislation a writ of “dis¬ 
 tringas ” is usual. 
 
 5 153, and 175. 
 
 * 153 ; 175 - 
 
 8 158. 
 
 7 152; 162. 
 
PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE JUSTICES 
 
 69 
 
 attached . 1 The sheriff now reports that the individuals 
 named are either taken and in his custody, or are not to 
 be found in his bailiwick. In this second case the jus¬ 
 tices direct the sheriff to employ the ordinary process of 
 exigend in the county court ; 2 if at any time before the 
 outlawry period 3 the delinquent should surrender to the 
 justices and finem fecerit , he can obtain from them a writ 
 of supersedeas, ordering the sheriff to stop proceedings 
 against him ; 4 if his outlawry has been proclaimed, he 
 can on his surrender obtain pardon only from the king . 5 
 
 Returning to the point in the proceedings at which 
 the indicted, either attached or taken, are ready to be ex¬ 
 amined by the justices, in the presence, apparently, of a 
 fairly large number of officials and jurors, it appears that 
 very often they confess their guilt and declare themselves 
 in the mercy of the king ; 6 still more frequently, however, 
 they plead not guilty and ask for a jury trial . 7 Occa¬ 
 sionally at this stage, further cross-examination elicits a 
 confession of guilt , 8 but usually the trial takes place. 
 The justices issue to the sheriff a writ of summons for 
 this second jury, plainly to be distinguished from the 
 jury of indictment already described ; 9 xii liberos et 
 leg ales homines de visneto . . . et qui prediUos . . . 
 
 1 153; 175. 2 153-154; 176. 
 
 ’Three, four or five exactions according to the method of counting; 
 Pollock and Maitland, op. cit ., ii, 581. 
 
 4 180; 235-238. 
 
 "'The Patent Rolls contain many examples of such pardons; cf. 239. 
 
 6 175. 7 152; 183. 8 175. 
 
 3 The Cornwall Roll affords clear instances of the distinction between 
 the two types of juries; 152-154. In one instance the trial jury failed 
 to appear, and it was shown that the bailiff of the liberty to whom the 
 writ of summons had been sent by the sheriff had failed to execute it; 
 therefore the sheriff has to use process of distraint to secure the presence 
 of the jurors; 178-179. 
 
70 
 
 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 nulla aifinitate attingant ad faciendum recognicionem 
 illamf They are chosen, proven and sworn and charged 
 to give their verdict, at a time appointed for them . 2 
 
 I noted one instance where a trial jury after the per¬ 
 formance of its duties is then charged to make inquiries 
 as to offences against the statute, i. e. to act as a jury of 
 presentment and to make its report at a given time ; 3 
 but in general there is, in these rolls, a sharp line drawn 
 between the two forms of juries . 4 
 
 In addition to the method of presentments, there are 
 far less frequent examples of suits brought by individual 
 plaintiffs against defendants who had infringed various 
 clauses of the statutes ; 5 the form of such actions as are 
 recorded on these particular rolls follows closely the form 
 of similar actions in the central courts; in those that 
 have come to my notice issue is taken on a question of 
 fact and a trial jury summoned. 
 
 There are, rather to my surprise, some instances where 
 the accused are acquitted by the jury, but it must be con¬ 
 fessed that such instances are comparatively few ; 6 if they 
 
 1 176-177. 2 T54, and 179. 
 
 3 “Ad inquirendum .... et ad reddendum veredictum suum ; ” 
 177. Cf. Pollock and Maitland, op. cii., ii, 645: “We are right in say¬ 
 ing ‘verdicts.' The answers to the articles are often called veredicta .” 
 
 4 The indicting jury had in the past acted as trial jury but at just this 
 date a statute put a check to the practice in felony and trespass (25 
 Edw. Ill, st., 5, c. 3, Statutes). “A great deal yet remained to be done 
 before that process of indictment by a ‘ grand jury ’ and trial by a 
 ‘petty jury ’ with which we are all familiar would have been established. 
 The details of this process will never be known until large piles of re¬ 
 cords have been systematically perused. This task we must leave for the 
 historian of the fourteenth century.” Pollock and Maitland, op. cii., ii, 
 649. 
 
 5 156-157; 185-186. 
 
 6 152; 154. One is reminded of Wyclif, 234, Of Servants and Lords: 
 “ lordis wolen not mekely here a pore mannus cause & helpe hym in 
 his right, but suffre sisouris of countre to distroie hem but rathere 
 wytholden pore men here hire.” Quoted by Trevelyan, Wycliffe , 217. 
 
PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE JUSTICES 7i 
 
 are convicted, the last stage in the whole process is 
 reached, namely, the imposition of the penally ; but before 
 taking up that question it is more convenient to discover 
 on what clauses of the ordinance and statute the indict¬ 
 ments are usually based, and to what social and economic 
 classes the delinquents belong. 
 
 (3) Clauses of the ordinance and statute most fre¬ 
 quently enforced . r —Weak as is the ordinance in arrang¬ 
 ing efficient means by which its provisions are to be en¬ 
 forced, the provisions themselves stand out lucidly. 2 
 
 1. All able-bodied men and women, free and bond, 
 without definite means of support, are commanded to 
 accept service if offered them at the rate of wages of the 
 twentieth year of the reign, or of five or six years previ¬ 
 ous to that year; lords are to have the first right to the 
 labour of their tenants. This may be called the com¬ 
 pulsory service clause. 
 
 2. Reapers, mowers, and other workmen or servants 
 are forbidden to leave their masters within the term of 
 their contracts, without reasonable cause or permission ; 
 other masters are forbidden to retain servants who have 
 left within the term. This may be called the contract 
 clause. 
 
 3. No one shall give or receive higher wages than are 
 
 1 The main responsibility for the regulation of wages of chaplains is 
 in the hands of the ecclesiastical authorities and is not dealt with in 
 this monograph; cf. app., 3 and 11-12. Although a few instances of 
 offences as to illegal weights and measures have been printed in the 
 extracts selected for the appendix, this whole subject is scarcely touched 
 on. 
 
 s App., 8-12. The editors of the Cat. of Close Rolls, ix, translate 
 “ seruiens” by “ serjeant” both in the ordinance (87) and in the writs 
 for payment of wages to the justices of labourers (436-437). 
 
72 
 
 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 customary; this wages clause applies first to agricultural 
 labourers and servants, and second, to artisans. 1 
 
 4. Reasonable prices are to be charged for all victuals. 
 
 5. Alms to the able-bodied are prohibited. 
 
 The endeavor of the framers of the statute to be 
 specific and to provide for all possible contingencies 
 results in a rather confused medley of provisions, includ¬ 
 ing details of administrative method, out of which it is 
 not easy to distinguish the essentials. Leaving aside the 
 question of penalties and of their disposition, 2 as well as 
 the instructions to the justices for their sessions and 
 their mode of procedure, 3 the remaining clauses fall into 
 two main groups, namely, provisions to be observed by 
 the labouring classes and duties to be performed by 
 existing local officials and by the justices in supervision 
 of these officials. In the first group, concrete details 
 are added to the corresponding provisions of the ordin¬ 
 ance. 4 
 
 1. Agricultural labourers are described by their occu¬ 
 pations and their maximum legal wages specified; their 
 contract of service is to be by the year or other usual 
 term and never by the day; their service in summer must 
 be in the same place as in winter, with exceptions for 
 labourers of certain districts in harvest time; they must 
 all take an oath before local officials that they will obey 
 these articles. 
 
 2. Three sets of artisans are referred to; for the first 
 
 1 To the first by the context and to the second by a supplementary 
 clause; in the latter case “givers’’ are not mentioned. App., 10. 
 Unless otherwise specified the remaining references in this section are 
 to pages of the appendix. 
 
 2 The nature of the penalties belongs under s. 5 of this chapter and 
 their disposition under ch. iii. 
 
 •’Already treated in s. 1 and s. 2. 
 
 4 13 - 15 . 
 
PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE JUSTICES 
 
 73 
 
 set specific wages are prescribed, and for the second, 
 the rates of the twentieth year, both as to wages for their 
 labour and as to prices for their products; the third set 
 of artisans, and all other workmen, artisans and labourers, 
 and all other servants not specified are to take an oath 
 before the justices that they will obey these articles; a 
 still later clause describing the powers of the justices 
 mentions workmen, labourers and all other servants, and 
 also hostelers, innkeepers and sellers of victuals and of 
 other commodities not specified. 
 
 In the second group it is stated that lords, seneschals, 
 bailiffs and constables are to impose on agricultural 
 labourers twice a year the oaths of good behavior re¬ 
 ferred to, and to punish delinquents by stocks; the last 
 three sets of officials are themselves to be sworn before 
 the justices to investigate all cases of disobedience to the 
 statute and to report the same at quarter sessions, and 
 are liable to punishment by the justices for neglect of 
 their duties. 1 
 
 An examination of the existing rolls shows that occa¬ 
 sionally the phraseology of the indictment is ambiguous: 
 “he infringed against the statute” “or he was convicted 
 in a plea of trespass,” 2 * but more often the accusation is 
 specific. A few examples must be cited under the var¬ 
 ious clauses of the law. 
 
 Compulsory service clause? A smith will not work for 
 his neighbors but prefers the service of others at a higher 
 than the legal rate; 4 several men are vagabonds by night 
 
 1 13-15. 2 145 and 158. 
 
 3 For the attitude of the upper courts toward this clause, cf. pt. ii, ch. 
 
 ii, s. 4. 
 
 4 165. 
 
74 
 
 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 and refuse to work; 1 a labourer refuses to work except 
 at double the legal rate; 2 a number of men hold only 
 small portions of land and yet refuse to work. 3 
 
 Contract clauseA A ploughman departs within the 
 term agreed upon; 5 after making a contract, a woman 
 refuses to enter the service of her employer; 6 at the com¬ 
 mand of the justices a woman is delivered to her master 
 that she may serve out her term; 7 an employer eloigns 
 the servant of another by the offer of higher wages; 8 a 
 servant departs within the term agreed upon without 
 reasonable cause. 9 
 
 A combination of these two clauses with the clause 
 prohibiting departure in summer from the abode of win¬ 
 ter results in a type of case that reminds one of the later 
 law of parochial settlement. A number of labourers de¬ 
 part a patria in the autumn; 10 one labourer departs him¬ 
 self a patria and persuades others to depart; 11 a carpenter 
 enters service extra feodum contrary to the ordinance; 12 
 a servant departs from her town in the autumn for a 
 larger salary; 13 a number of women go to another town 
 in the autumn although suitable service is offered them 
 in their native place; 14 a labourer goes out of the county, 
 leaving his service before the end of his term. 15 
 
 Clause as to service by usual terms. A ploughman re- 
 
 '194. 2 171 • 
 
 *224. Cf. petition quoted pt. ii, ch. ii, s. 4. 
 
 4 For the attitude of the upper courts toward this clause, cf. pt. ii, ch. 
 ii, s. 5. 
 
 5 185-186; an especially good example of an action brought at the suit 
 of a plaintiff. 
 
 6 IQ2. 7 2I4. 8 I96. 9 223. 
 
 10 I46-I47. 11 M 7 . ,J 2I4. 15 226. 14 I98. 
 
 15 Printed Wiltshire Roll, 14. 
 
PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE JUSTICES 
 
 75 
 
 fuses to serve except by day; 1 a labourer will not serve 
 by term but only by day. 2 
 
 Wages clause. A mower receives I2d. in excess, con¬ 
 trary to the form of the statute, a carpenter similarly 
 4od.; 3 a long list of artisans, their occupations specified, 
 receive wages higher than the rates previous to the 
 plague or higher than those of the twentieth and twenty- 
 first years; 4 household servants are also guilty of re¬ 
 ceiving excess wages; 5 employers are occasionally in¬ 
 dicted ; thus a reeve hires reapers in a public place at an 
 illegal rate, 6 a mistress gives excess wages to her spin¬ 
 ning women, and a rector overpays his household ser¬ 
 vants. 7 
 
 Price clause. Artisans are frequently indicted for tak¬ 
 ing excess prices for their products as well as excess 
 wages; 8 victuallers of all kinds are taking illegal prices, 
 
 1 196. 
 
 *224. The petition quoted pt. ii, ch. ii, s. 4, includes a complaint that 
 labourers wish to serve by the day only. A passage in Gower’s Vox 
 Clamantis written soon after the great revolt is so applicable that it 
 belongs here ( Complete Works, iv). 
 
 Lib. quintus; cap. ix. 
 
 “ Sunt etenim tardi, sunt rari, sunt et auari. 
 
 Ex minimo quod agunt praemia plura petunt: 
 
 Nunc venit hie usus, petit en plus rusticus vnus. 
 
 Tempore preterito quam peciere duo; 
 
 3 163. 
 
 *227. 
 
 cap. x. 
 
 Hii sunt qui cuiquam nolunt seruire per annum, 
 Hos vix si solo mense tenebit homo; 
 
 Set conventiciis tales conduco dietis, 
 
 Nunc hie, nunc alibi, nunc michi nuneque tibi. 
 Horum de mille vix est operarius ille 
 Qui tibi vult pacto fidus inesse suo.” 
 
 4 182; 174. 
 7 227. 
 
 o 
 
 * 
 
 5 216. 
 
jfr ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 as are also producers of many commodities not specified 
 by the statute. 1 * 
 
 It is to be observed that the statute had provided that 
 the justices should exercise their discretion in fixing the 
 winter wages of certain artisans. 3 I find two noteworthy 
 instances where they exercise similar powers, not com¬ 
 ing under this clause. In one case they establish the 
 rate of the yearly wages of a carter; 3 and in another, 
 they are ordered by a writ of the king and council to bny 
 up all the linen cloth in their district ,—pro certo pi ecio 
 per vos ordinato inde soluendo colore commissionis nostre , 
 —and to deliver it to the clerk of the wardrobe or ap¬ 
 pear in person before the council to explain why they 
 had not obeyed the writ. 4 
 
 In turning to the remaining offences noted in the ses¬ 
 sional records, the following are important. The oaths 
 taken by labourers to observe the law are frequently 
 mentioned : men who have been sworn in the presence 
 of the justices, break their oaths; 5 one man, on being 
 summoned into court and ordered to swear, refuses to 
 do so. 6 The constables report long lists of labourers who 
 are rebellious and refuse to take oaths of obedience to 
 the statutes ; 7 their reports vary between two extremes ; 
 all the labourers in their district are obeying the law, or 
 all are guilty of infringements^ In the matter of the 
 supervision of the local officials, the justices are kept 
 
 1 233-234; see especially the printed Wiltshire roll passim. 
 
 8 14. 3 200. 
 
 4 Claus., 31, m. 7, 22 Oct.; “ De panno lineo clerico magne garderobe 
 Regis liberando.’" The writ is directed: “Willelmo de Surflet et 
 
 Laurencio de Leek iusticiariis suis ad ordinacionem et statutum de 
 operariis, seruientibus et artificibus in partibus de Holand de comitatu 
 Lincoln’ c.ustodienda assignatis.” 
 
 5 170; 171; 199. 8 156. 
 
 7 223-224. 
 
 h 202; 201. 
 
PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE JUSTICES 
 
 77 
 
 busy; the constables are very often in mercy for not 
 having their presentments ready, and are often them¬ 
 selves under indictment for concealing their knowledge 
 of guilty labourers, while the tithingmen are frequentfy 
 punished for their failure to provide stocks. 1 
 
 From this brief catalogue, it is noteworthy that except 
 for the prohibition of almsgiving to the able-bodied, the 
 justices were taking cognizance of every clause of both 
 ordinance and statute; and it is probable that just at this 
 crisis employers were not very likely to be guilty of 
 almsgiving. The impression conveyed by the variety of 
 offences will, however, be entirely erroneous unless it is 
 pointed out, with all the emphasis possible, that the num¬ 
 ber of labourers presented for the receipt of excess wages 
 and of excess prices is far greater than the total of all 
 the other offenders taken altogether; in the case of the 
 latter, in each instance, one or two individuals are indicted 
 at a given time; while in the case of the former, the list 
 of names included in a specific indictment sometimes 
 runs as high as twenty or thirty; in fact, one of the 
 clearest and most voluminous rolls, that for Somerset, 
 contains no example of any other offence than that of the 
 receipt of “ excess.” Undoubtedly, therefore, the main 
 work of the justices of labourers must be considered to 
 be their endeavor to keep down the level of wages and 
 prices to the rates prevailing before the plague. 2 
 
 ( 4 ) Economic and social status of the delinquents .— 
 Were it not for the phrase liberos used sometimes of the 
 
 1 i50-152. 
 
 2 In the choice of my extracts for the appendix I was guided by a de¬ 
 sire to show examples of all types of offences of which the justices were 
 taking cognizance; the complete rolls convey an impression of a far 
 greater proportion of offences against the wages and price clauses than 
 do the selections here printed. 
 
78 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 men eligible for jury duty, 1 there would be in these 
 eighteen rolls scarcely a shred of evidence to show that 
 the question of freedom versus villeinage was at this date 
 a living issue; 2 since, however, in the proceedings before 
 the justices of labourers summoned into a higher court, 
 the point of the case depends precisely on the fact of 
 villeinage, 3 the silence of these particular sessional records 
 indicates not that there were no villeins among the de¬ 
 linquents,—there must have been many, especially among 
 the agricultural labourers,—but that, as far as the actions 
 in quarter sessions went, the effect of the legislation on 
 free and unfree was identical, and that for this reason no 
 distinction between the two categories had to be made 
 by the justices. 
 
 Leaving aside for a moment the question of wages and 
 prices, the sessional records show the justices enforcing 
 the remaining clauses of the enactments chiefly against 
 agricultural laborers and somewhat less frequently against 
 artisans and household servants, but in all cases as far as 
 my observation has gone against members of what are 
 technically known as the labouring classes, with no vis¬ 
 ible attempt to extend the application of the contract 
 clause to other than manual labourers. 4 It has, how¬ 
 ever, been already emphasized that the justices were 
 mainly occupied with the task of keeping down wages 
 
 1 Cf. p. 69. 
 
 1 Unless perhaps “ extra feodum domini ” (app., 214) and the frequent 
 departure “ a patria ” (app., 147) refer to the relation between villeins 
 and their lords; cf. also p. 81, note 2, for the meaning of “ netrix.” 
 
 ' Cf. s. 7 of this section and pt. ii, ch. ii, s. 6. It will be shown later 
 that actions in the upper courts do involve the issue of villeinage ; un¬ 
 doubtedly the justices of labourers would have found it difficult to deal 
 with the complicated questions of law raised by such cases. 
 
 4 This limitation to manual labourers must be kept in mind in com¬ 
 parison with what proves to be the attitude of the upper courts. 
 
PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE JUSTICES 
 
 79 
 
 and prices; it is therefore the offenders against these two 
 clauses who must be most carefully studied. The “ givers ” 
 cannot always be readily identified, but fortunately there 
 are several cases where they are referred to specifically ; 
 e. g., a master of a house, 1 a bailiff in search of agri¬ 
 cultural hands, a reeve, 2 and employers of various classes 
 of artisans, spinners, tailors, tanners etc., who need serv¬ 
 ants in their crafts. 3 It is with regard to the “takers” 
 that these rolls furnish the most complete information ; 
 the evidence given in a preceding section on the clauses 
 of the legislation enforced by the ;ustices included suffi¬ 
 cient examples to prove that the takers of excess wages 
 and prices fall into the economic groups indicated by the 
 ordinance and statute, and although my data are not 
 enough for a statistical study, it seems desirable on the 
 basis of my extracts from the sessional records, 4 of the 
 printed roll for Wiltshire 5 and also of my extracts from 
 the schedules of accounts of penalties, 6 and of the printed 
 account roll for London, 7 to present the following lists, 
 incomplete though they are, in order to give a definite 
 idea of the variety of crafts and occupations represented 
 by the delinquents. 8 An asterisk indicates those that are 
 specifically mentioned in either or both of the enact¬ 
 ments. It must be remembered that the ambiguous term 
 seruiens is very frequent, with no clue as to the nature 
 
 1 App., 227. 2 App., 226-227. *App., 155. 4 App., C, 1. 
 
 5 Cf. app., 228, for an account of this roll. 0 App., 332-334; 380. 
 
 7 For this roll cf. p. 85 , note 1. 
 
 8 Further lists are given in pt. ii, ch. ii, s. 4 in order to show the 
 status of the offenders in the upper courts; moreover, the extracts in the 
 appendix from Ancient Indictments furnish additional instances, in 
 some cases, of crafts not represented in quarter sessions. It must be 
 left for some future investigator to compile on the basis of all these 
 sources really exhaustive statistics. 
 
8 o ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 of the occupation, so that a large number of the offenders 
 cannot be classified. 
 
 1. Household servants. Seruiens is sometimes ren¬ 
 dered explicit by context; occasionally fainulus and 
 famula occur. 
 
 2. Agricultural labotirers. Common workmen and 
 workmen are probably to be classed here, both men and 
 women; also labourers and daily labourers; X carter, 
 driver, X harvester, X hoer, % mower (a great variety of 
 terms used to describe the nature of the task), oxherd, 
 t ploughman, X reaper, X reaper of corn, X shepherd, 
 t swineherd, tasker, thatcher, J thresher (a great variety 
 indicated), wood-drawer. Women as well as men among 
 most of these. 
 
 3. Artisans. 
 
 a. Building trades. X Carpenter, coverer of houses, 
 
 dauber, lather, J maker of walls, X mason, 
 paver, X plasterer, sawyer, stonelayer, J tiler. 
 
 b. Clothing trade. Carder, X cobbler, collar-maker, 
 
 comber, J cordwainer, X currier of leather, 
 fuller, X furrier, glover, maker of linen cloth, 
 X pelterer, shapestere, 1 shearman, X shoemaker, 
 skinner, spinner, spinner of wool, X tailor, X tan¬ 
 ner , walker, weaver, whittawyer. There are 
 many women in the spinning and weaving trade. 
 
 c. Various. Collier, cooper, fletcher, furbisher, 
 
 maker of baskets and brooms, maker of 
 wheels for drawing water, miner, potter, 
 X smith, tinker, wheelwright. 
 
 4. Victuallers. J Baker, J brewer, X butcher, X hsh- 
 
 1 Cf. index of Powell’s East Anglia Rising where this term occurs; 
 his list of “ Trades and callings” found in the Poll Tax lists is very 
 valuable. 
 
PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE JUSTICES 
 
 8l 
 
 monger, j innkeeper, miller, seller of salt, seller of oats, 
 of beer, of mead, of wine, tapster, J sellers of victuals 
 in general. There are many women among the brewers 
 and bakers. 
 
 5. Unclassified. Carrying of doors and windows, bak¬ 
 ing of lime, carrying of iron, fisherman, huckster, lighter 
 of churches and houses, pedler, 1 seller of cartwheels, of 
 coal, of lime, of iron, sellers in general. 
 
 6. Unidentified. Aquebanilatrix , chickkyn, tnele- 
 maker, menbranator y netrix , 2 schuppestre, seyner, sun- 
 yere, tentor . 3 
 
 A few instances occur where the delinquents can 
 hardly be classed as manual labourers, e. g., chaplain, 
 clerk, crior, merchant, but include too few individuals to 
 be significant. 
 
 It must be emphasized once again that my sources, 
 both the records of the sessions and the estreats of the 
 penalties, represent only a small proportion of the simi¬ 
 lar proceedings that were going on all over England, 
 and that the extracts in the appendix from which the 
 larger part of the above lists have been drawn represent 
 only a small part even of these sources; this being the 
 case, it is clear that the justices were dealing with prac¬ 
 tically every variety of economic class as far as manual 
 labourers were concerned, but with very few individuals 
 above this class, and also that the increase in the price 
 of manual service of all kinds as well as in the price of 
 
 ‘This translation given in the printed Wiltshire roll, 4, as a sugges¬ 
 tion merely, does not seem very probable. 
 
 2 Is this the feminine of “ netus,” a bondman, or is it connected with 
 “ neo,” to spin ? 
 
 3 1 suspect that “caruce ” is understood. The printed Wiltshire roll 
 presents some interesting combinations of occupations; e. g., collar- 
 maker and mower, carpenter and fisherman, merchant and fisherman. 
 
82 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 all commodities had been well-nigh universal. The pen¬ 
 alties inflicted for the endeavor to obtain this increase 
 must now be considered. 
 
 (5) Penalties —Of the confused and complicated sys¬ 
 tem of penalties indicated by the enactments, a brief sum¬ 
 mary must here be attempted. 1 In the first ordinance 
 the following penalties for infringement are mentioned : 
 compulsory service clause , gaol until security of good 
 behaviour is given ; contract clause , imprisonment; agri¬ 
 cultural wages clause , for givers and takers the forfeit of 
 double what was paid, promised or received, in excess 
 of the legal rate, to go to the aggrieved party or to any 
 who will sue; in the case of lords, treble; artisans' wages 
 clause , gaol; victuallers clause , double of what was paid 
 in excess. 2 In the second ordinance which has to do 
 only with the wages and price clauses, the forfeit of the 
 “excess,” i. e. of the difference between the legal and 
 the actual rates, is substituted for the greater penalty of 
 the first ordinance and in this case also is to go to the 
 plaintiff, if any sue, and otherwise towards the subsidy. 3 
 In the statute, in the case of agricultural labourers, refusal 
 to swear obedience to the articles and breaking of the 
 oath when sworn, are to be punished by stocks or gaol 
 until security of good behaviour is given; in the case of 
 artisans, the penalties for breaking of their oaths are 
 fine, ransom, and imprisonment at the discretion of the 
 justices. In general, infringement of any clause of the 
 statute is to be punished by these three means, the im¬ 
 prisonment to last until security for good behaviour be 
 
 1 The disposition of the penalties is merely referred to here and is 
 treated at length in pt. 1, ch. iii. 
 
 2 App., 9, 10 and 11. I am inclined to believe that this interpreta¬ 
 tion of the amount forfeited is correct. 
 
 :1 App., 260. For an account of this measure, cf. pt. i, ch. iii, s. 1, A. 
 
PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE JUSTICES 
 
 83 
 
 provided; it is also added that the breaking of the oath 
 of obedience shall for the first offence be punished by 
 prison for forty days, and for the second, for a quarter of 
 a year. In the same clause it is likewise specified that 
 the penalty now regularly known as “excess ” shall go to 
 the plaintiff if any sue and otherwise to the current sub¬ 
 sidy as long as it runs and after its cessation to the king. 1 
 
 In order to analyze the different clauses of the legisla¬ 
 tion and to describe somewhat in detail the status of the 
 individuals who were infringing them, it proved necessary 
 to interrupt the account of the procedure in sessions, 
 leaving the justices face to face with groups of labourers 
 convicted of their guilt. 2 How, out of the apparent con¬ 
 fusion of penalties, do they proceed to deal with the de¬ 
 linquents ? The rolls show that occasionally they employ 
 imprisonment as an actual punishment: for example, an 
 offender guilty for a second time of the receipt of excess 
 wages is adjudged to prison for forty days; 3 in one in¬ 
 stance they use the equitable device of delivering to a 
 master to finish out her term a maid-servant who had 
 broken her contract. 4 There are also frequent references 
 to the use of stocks, a punishment that is often inflicted 
 at the discretion of the constables without the interven¬ 
 tion of the justices. 5 The system employed by the latter 
 
 'App., 14-16. Cf. Rot. Pari., ii, 227 b for a petition that corporal 
 punishment shall be inflicted on delinquents instead of the hitherto in¬ 
 effectual fines and redemptions; the statute is said to be in response to 
 this petition, presumably the stocks fulfilling the requirement for cor¬ 
 poral punishment. 
 
 2 S. 2. 3 App., 184-185. 'App., 214. 
 
 h E.g., app., 169; see also the numerous references in the De Banco 
 rolls; pt. ii, ch. ii, s. 3 and s. 4. The Patent Rolls furnish further evi¬ 
 dence as to the use of stocks; e. g., a certain Richard de Buckeden of 
 Leighton has been indicted before the justices of labourers in Hunts. 
 ““ de eo quod ipse noctanter apud Leighton cum aliis ignotis cippos qui 
 
84 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 is much simpler than one is led to expect by the summary 
 of the provisions. Their penalties fall into two main 
 groups, fines and “excess;" the latter can, of course, 
 apply only to the giving and taking of illegal wages and 
 prices, and since “excess" is equivalent to the difference 
 between the legal and the illegal rates, the amount to be 
 assessed upon each offender is limited by the degree of 
 his offence, very little room being left for the discretion 
 of the justices . 1 The excess goes to the plaintiff if any 
 sue but with the system of presentments by juries, so 
 commonly used, its disposition is regulated by the statu¬ 
 tory provision . 2 Fully as frequent as the penalty of 
 “ excess ” is the finis or finem fecit, applicable, of course, 
 in case of the infringement of any clause of the statutes, 
 including the wages and price clauses . 3 It does not 
 represent the modern idea of a fine but is an indefinite 
 sum to be determined by the justices, all the circum¬ 
 stances of the case being taken into consideration; it 
 really means that an offender, in order to be quit of 
 the consequences of his guilt, must pay whatever the 
 court decides and until he can pay the amount as fixed 
 he must abide in prison unless he can find security for 
 such payment. Very often the offender is able to pay 
 immediately, and if not, he can almost always find pledges 
 acceptable to the court; it is therefore unlikely that im- 
 
 facti fuerunt per mandatum nostrum secundum formam statuti predicti 
 in predicta villa de Leighton ad delinquentes et culpabiles contra formam 
 ordinacionis et statuti predictorum inuentos in eisdem cippis manci- 
 pandos et saluo custodiendos maliciose et contra pacem nostram fregit 
 et separatim illos in foueam proiecit.” 30 pt. 1, m. 15, 23 March, “ De 
 pardonacione utlagarie.” 
 
 1 In later years, a petition of the commons that the amount forfeited 
 shall be double this difference is refused; Rot. Part., ii, 296 a. 
 
 1 App., 15-16. 3 App., 145, or 230. 
 
PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE JUSTICES 
 
 85 
 
 prisonment for a long term was used to any great extent. 
 The estreat rolls show that a delinquent may have to for¬ 
 feit the excess, or that he may be forced to pay a fine, or 
 that he may incur both penalties . 1 In the case of actions 
 brought by plaintiffs there are many instances of amerce¬ 
 ments for false actions and also for failure to continue 
 the suit ; 2 sometimes damages are mentioned, and in one 
 instance it is stated that they are assessed by the jus¬ 
 tices ; 3 they would be the normal penalty in actions 
 brought at the suit of plaintiffs on clauses other than the 
 wages and price clauses. There are also many instances 
 where offenders are in mercy and where it is recorded 
 that they are amerced . 4 Fines and “excess” are, how¬ 
 ever, by far the most usual form of penalty, and make up 
 the larger part of the issues of the sessions, described 
 technically in the exchequer as “ fines, redemptions, ex¬ 
 cess, issues and amercements,” 5 and belonging, accord¬ 
 ing to mediaeval custom, to him who had the right to the 
 profits of that particular court. Perhaps the best proof 
 of the all-importance of the wages and price clauses is the 
 relative frequency of the penalty known as excess as 
 shown by the fact that in many exchequer documents 
 connected with the subsidies the phrase excessus^opera- 
 riorum has become very common as a description of the 
 money penalties imposed under the statutes of labourers . 6 
 
 A careful study of the records of fines and of the 
 security given for their payment reveals the curious fact 
 that a culprit who is himself assessed to a fine, which he 
 has not yet paid, and for which he has had to find security, 
 
 1 Cf. e. g., app., 280; 338; 383- 2 App., 156 and 157. 
 
 s App., 146 and 186. 4 App., 150. 
 
 ''App., 273, and similar documents, passim. 
 
 18 App., 330, et passim. 
 
86 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 is apparently allowed to serve as pledge for another 
 offender in a similar plight; 1 one is led to suspect that 
 the whole matter of security has become an empty form ; 
 possibly the lack of sufficient prisons to hold the con¬ 
 victed made it necessary to adopt almost any device to 
 meet the emergency. 
 
 As far as my examination has gone, the amounts of the 
 penalties are normally within fairly well-defined limits, 
 ranging from several shillings to several pennies, sums be¬ 
 tween 5s. and 3d. being most usual, but occasionally rising 
 as high as half a mark, 8s. or 10s. 2 There is at least one 
 instance where an offender was amerced £10 before the 
 justices for refusal to swear obedience to the statute. It 
 seems possible that the amount of this amercement was 
 considered unwarrantable, for three writs were issued by 
 king and council, two to the sheriff 3 and one to the 
 barons of the exchequer, 4 ordering the proceedings for 
 the levying of the £10 to be suspended; what the final 
 outcome was I cannot say. In regard to the normal 
 money penalties, it is worthy of note that in the punish¬ 
 ment for the receipt of illegal wages, if a fine appears as 
 the penalty instead of the “excess," the amount of the 
 fine is apt to be exactly equal to the sum that had been 
 
 1 App., 207, and 210; also the estreat roll for London summarized in 
 the Calendar of Letter-Book G., 115-118. 
 
 'This statement is based not merely on the sessional records but also 
 on various exchequer documents many of which appear in the app.; see 
 pt. 1, ch. iii. 
 
 3 Claus., 31, m. 10 d, 30 July, “Pro Thoma Gobyon de Leyndon;” 
 “ pro eo quod in quadam inquisicione coram ipsis iusticiariis (Thoma 
 Tire! et sociis suis) nuper capienda iurare recusauit.” Ibid., 32, m. 
 17 d. 30 May, “Pro Thoma Gobyoun de Leyndon.” The county is 
 Essex. 
 
 4 Mem. K. R., 35, Mich., Breu. Baron., rot. 11; “ Pro Thoma Gob¬ 
 yon,” dated 26 Nov., 34th year. 
 
PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE JUSTICES 
 
 8 7 
 
 taken in excess, 1 so that practically there is no difference 
 between the two forms. It will become apparent later, 
 however, that there was, from the point of view of the 
 income of the exchequer, a motive for sometimes calling 
 a given penalty a fine rather than “ excess,” and for 
 sometimes doing just the reverse, a motive which can be 
 understood only after a careful study of the disposition 
 of the penalties. 2 
 
 After the money penalties had been named by the 
 justices in session, whether fines, excess or amercements, 
 and had been duly entered on the estreat roll by their 
 clerk, and after the roll had been delivered to the proper 
 person, collector of the subsidy or exchequer official, the 
 responsibilities of the justices were over; with the levy¬ 
 ing of the penalties they had nothing to do. While the 
 total sum of the issues of the sessions affords an excellent 
 means of estimating roughly the number of convictions, 
 and therefore the efficiency of the justices in performing 
 their task, this total must be discussed in connection 
 with the whole question of the disposition of the pen¬ 
 alties ; but in the meantime, in order to appreciate more 
 thoroughly the problems dealt with by the justices, it 
 must be shown how extortionate in their demands were 
 the offenders whom they were punishing. 
 
 (6) Rates of wages and prices. —It is an accepted fact 
 that immediately after the plague there was an extra¬ 
 ordinary and unprecedented rise in wages and prices; 3 
 it is also indisputable that an upward movement had 
 begun during the years just before the plague. 4 An ac- 
 
 1 App., 205, et seq. 2 See pt. i, ch. iii, s. 1, A and s. 2, B. 
 
 3 Introduction, pp. 4-5. During the actual ravages of the plague 
 prices fell, but only for a few months; Knighton, ii, 62. 
 
 4 Cunningham, Growth of Eng. Industry , i, 335-336: Denton, Eng. 
 in Fifteenth Century , 107, 217-218; Petit-Dutaillis, introduction to 
 Reville’s Sou lavement, xxix-xxx; Rogers, Hist., of Prices , i, 2g 2. 
 
88 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 curate estimate of the aims of the statutes in regard to 
 the level of wages and prices will be possible only as a 
 result of a detailed comparison, district by district, of the 
 statutory rates with those prevailing before and after the 
 cataclysm, bearing in mind that for wages the statutory 
 rates were maximum,—where less was usual, less was to 
 be paid, 1 while for prices the rate was to be “reason¬ 
 able.” 2 Since the money rate per se has little signifi¬ 
 cance, such a comparison must include statements as to 
 the relative purchasing power of the various rates of 
 wages. Rogers’ figures, 3 the best that are in print, 
 apply largely to the south and east of England/ and in 
 view of the wide variation between rates in different 
 localities are useless for other parts of the country. 
 Moreover, since the publication of Rogers’ tables, the 
 continuous investigation of manuscript sources, the issue 
 of successive official calendars and lists, 5 and the in¬ 
 creased printing of records, 6 have all helped to show the 
 abundance of material from which statistics can be de¬ 
 rived. 
 
 Of the sources that I have examined, the most useful 
 for this purpose are the sessional records themselves and 
 the accounts of penalties; 7 but, within the limits of my 
 work for this monograph, it has been impossible to make 
 an exhaustive study of the rates there recorded. Further, 
 full as are these two classes of documents of instances of 
 
 ‘App., 13. 2 App., 10. 
 
 3 Hist, of Prices already frequently quoted. 
 
 1 Wiebe, Zur Geschichle der Preisrevolution , 3031. 
 
 5 App., 4. 
 
 0 Cf. e. g., such a book as Miss Davenport’s Norfolk Manor. 
 
 7 Exceedingly valuable also are the counts in the actions brought in 
 the upper courts; cf. pt. ii, ch. ii, s. 3, and also the presentments in the 
 court of king’s bench recorded in Ancient Indictments; cf. app. F, 1. 
 
PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE JUSTICES 
 
 89 
 
 the receipt of sums beyond the legal wages and prices, 
 the manner in which the offence is entered on the roll 
 often makes it impossible to ascertain the rate of increase 
 over previous sums. Sometimes when the illegal rate 
 per day is specified, there is not a sufficiently accurate 
 description of the occupation of the offender to enable 
 identification of the statutory rate; 1 * sometimes there is 
 only the vague phrase, “he received excessive wages/' 
 cepit excessiue; 2 frequently it is said that “he received so 
 much, (a lump sum), in excess;” 3 this formula of course 
 tells the net amount of the delinquent’s gain and is un¬ 
 doubtedly employed so frequently because it represents 
 that all-important fact, the amount to be forfeited as 
 penalty, but it gives no clue to the rate of the gain. 
 Even, however, within the narrow limits of information 
 based for the most part on the extracts of sessional 
 records printed in the appendix there are a few entries 
 so explicit that it seems advisable to call attention to 
 them. 
 
 Household servants . A maid servant is given 5s. for 
 half a year instead of 3s. 6d.; 4 another has had 30s. a 
 year; 5 two men servants are paid 8s. for the winter sea¬ 
 son, with livery and daily food; 6 another man servant 
 receives 6s. for half a year et vnam tunicam cum capu- 
 chio . 1 
 
 Agricultural labourers—Common labourers . The stat¬ 
 utory rate for various agricultural work probably applies 
 to this class; the following rates are all described as 
 
 1 E.g. f app., 148. Unless otherwise specified the remaining references 
 in this section are to pages of the appendix. 
 
 ’205, 208; see also printed Wiltshire roll, passim. 
 
 3 234; printed Wiltshire roll, passim. 
 
 *202. 5 224. r> 227. 7 193. 
 
9 ° 
 
 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 excessive: 18s. for half a year, ad mensam ; 6d. per day 
 in August, with food and drink; 2d. per day in winter, 
 with food and drink. 1 
 
 Reapers . Statutory rate is 2d. or 3d. per day; they 
 frequently receive 3d. and 6d. 2 
 
 Mowers of meadows. Statutory rate is 3d. per acre; 
 they are recorded as taking 9d., amounting to 20s. in 
 excess; 3 also iod. and 8d. for half an acre, and iod., I2d. 
 and I4d. for an acre. 4 
 
 Hoers. Statutory rate is id. per day; a woman takes 
 2d. per day, amounting to I 2 d. in excess. 5 
 
 Threshing of corn. Statutory rate is 2d. ob. per quar¬ 
 ter, but in Derby even less must be usual, for it is said 
 that 3d. per quarter for 20 quarters amounts to 2s. in 
 excess. 6 
 
 Threshing of barley. Statutory rate is id. ob. per 
 quarter; 8d. is paid for four quarters. 7 
 
 Artisans. —A dauber takes 3d. per day and food, in¬ 
 stead of the previous rate of id. and food; 8 coverers of 
 houses are receiving double the customary rate; 9 a serv¬ 
 ant of a smith, having been sworn to take 8s. a year, 
 received 20s.; 10 a sawyer takes 3d. per day, with food, the 
 statutory rate for carpenter, mason and tiler being only 
 3d. per day; 11 a fuller receives double the legal rate to 
 the amount of 3s. qd. ; 12 a weaver is paid id .pro ulna, 
 instead of pro tribus ulnis ; 13 tailors take treble the cus¬ 
 tomary wages. 14 
 
 Although a great many victuallers as well as sellers of 
 other commodities are indicted, I have found peculiarly 
 
 *172, 267; Assize Roll, Essex, 268; m. 16. 2 226. :i 171 - 
 
 4 Printed Wiltshire roll, 17-18. h Ibid. t 18. 162-163. 
 
 7 231. 8 194. 9 i7i. 10 170. 
 
 ”164. 11 Printed Wiltshire roll, 12. ,3 i96. 14 i70. 
 
PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE JUSTICES 
 
 9 T 
 
 few instances where a direct comparison between old 
 and new rates is possible ; in one case sellers of meat and 
 also of wine are described as making profits beyond 
 what is reasonable, and the price of their wine is men¬ 
 tioned as 2d. per gallon; 1 in another case it is said that a 
 gallon of beer is sold at id. ob. instead of at id.; 2 * and 
 in still another, a potter is accused of making ollas ereas 
 and selling them ad triplex? It is interesting to find a 
 vicar refusing to perform the marriage ceremony except 
 for what is said to be an extortionate fee of 5s. or 6s. 4 
 The incident of the Lincolnshire ploughman really tells 
 the whole story; he refuses to serve except by the day 
 and unless he has fresh meat instead of salt and finally 
 leaves the town because no one dares engage him on 
 these terms. 5 
 
 Although emphatically disclaiming the intention of 
 presenting these few specific instances as conclusive 
 proof of a given rate of increase in wages and prices, 
 it is my own belief that they are indicative of the general 
 trend and that the countless cases of the receipt of excess 
 will bear out the high rates just quoted. For once the 
 
 1 168. 2 201. 3 170. 
 
 4 i7i. A contrast to Chaucer’s “Frere” in the Prologue to Ihe 
 Canterbury Tales: 
 
 “ He hadde maad ful many a mariage 
 Of yonge wommen, at his owne cost.” 
 
 Verses 212-213. 
 
 5 Cf. Piers Plowman, . A. Passus vii, 295-299 : 
 
 ” Laborers that haue no lond to lieuen cn bote heore honden, 
 Deyne not to dyne a day niht-olde wortes. 
 
 Moi no peny-ale hem paye ne nc pece of bacun, 
 
 Bote hit weore fresch flesch or elles fisch i—friyet, 
 
 Both ckaud and plusckaud for chele of heore mawe.” 
 
 Cf. Oman, The Great Revolt, 9. 
 
92 
 
 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 chroniclers do not seem to have greatly exaggerated, 1 
 nor does one wonder that the “malice of servants” 
 appears to the employers the only appropriate phrase to 
 describe the attitude of the labouring classes. 
 
 (7) Supervision of the justices of labourers .—Omitting 
 for the present the control of the justices most system¬ 
 atically worked out at this period, namely that of the 
 exchequer, which has to do entirely with the question of 
 the money penalties, the other methods of control exer¬ 
 cised by the central authorities must now be considered. 
 
 1. The removal of individual justices and the cancelling 
 of commissions by king and council. It has already been 
 noted that any particularly flagrant conduct on the part 
 of a given justice, if reported to the king and council, 
 sometimes resulted in his prompt removal without re¬ 
 course to the courts of law. 2 
 
 2. The issue by royal writs of special commands to the 
 justices and occasionally the appointment of special com¬ 
 missions of investigation. 
 
 3. The ordinary mediaeval system of dealing with the 
 extortion or other misdemeanors of officials. 
 
 4. The removal to a higher court, by writ of certiorari , 
 of proceedings before the justices of labourers. 
 
 The power of the crown over the removal of justices 
 has already been treated in some detail and needs no 
 comment here; 3 further, the interference of king and 
 council with the action of the justices, by means of sup¬ 
 plementary writs, is sometimes due to the necessity for 
 an interpretation of the relation of the justices to seig- 
 
 1 It must however be admitted that the particularly high rates men¬ 
 tioned by Knighton do not seem to occur very often; cf. pt. ii, ch. ii, 
 s. 3- 
 
 5 Cf. case of the Surrey justices; p. q 6. 8 Pt. 1, ch. i, s. 3. 
 
PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE JUSTICES 
 
 93 
 
 norial rights of jurisdiction and to the profits of jurisdic¬ 
 tion and can therefore be most profitably treated later in 
 connection with the disposition of penalties; 1 there are, 
 however, other causes for interference which belong 
 here. For example, when a certain abbot complains to 
 the king that at the instigation of some of his rivals the 
 justices in his county had forced his tenants to serve 
 other masters, although he himself had need of their 
 services for the tilling of his demesne lands, the king 
 issues a writ to the justices bidding them supply the 
 abbot with a sufficient number of labourers. 2 Again, the 
 urgent pleas of the Carthusians of Hinton and of Wytham 
 that, owing to their peculiar situation they are utterly 
 unable to secure workmen, result, in the case of the first, 
 in the permission from king and council to pay wages 
 fixed by contract instead of the statutory rates and in a 
 command to the justices of the county not to interfere; 3 
 and in the case of the second, in the permission to hire 
 labourers from the neighboring districts in spite of the 
 statutory prohibition against labourers leaving their place 
 of residence. 4 
 
 It also appears that the justices, when in difficulties, 
 are glad to have the aid and protection of the crown : 
 on several occasions when their sessions have been 
 broken up by the violent attacks of malefactors, and they 
 
 1 Cf. pt. i, ch. iii, s. 2, B, and pt. ii, ch. i. 3 App., 217-218. 
 
 3 Pat., 29, pt. 2, m. 4, 5 Oct., “Pro priore et fratribus de Henton, 
 ordinis Cartusiensis;” quoted by Gasquet, Great Pestilence , 171-172. 
 
 4 Pat., 28, pt. 1, m. 20, 16 Jan., “ Pro priore et fratribus de Wytham;” 
 also quoted by Gasquet, op. cit., 170-171. There is a limitation to the use 
 of writs in increasing the powers of the justices; cf. 42 Lib. Ass., pi. 12; 
 the jurisdiction of the justices of labourers in a certain county had been 
 extended by writ to include champarties etc., and it is decided by the 
 court of king’s bench that for such a purpose a writ is illegal and a 
 commission necessary. 
 
94 
 
 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 themselves exposed to danger, either they or their friends 
 complain to the king and council and succeed in obtain¬ 
 ing the issue of special commissions of oyer and terminer 
 to investigate the trouble and to bring the offenders to 
 speedy punishment. 1 
 
 Cases of negligence, extortion, and other misdemean¬ 
 ors on the part of officials come within the cognizance 
 of the justices of the joint commissions 2 and of the 
 justices of oyer and terminer, in accordance with the 
 regular form of their commissions, 3 and also in the ordi¬ 
 nary course of law come under the jurisdiction of the 
 court of king’s bench. Even a cursory examination of 
 these two latter classes of records has shown several in¬ 
 stances of such cases, either in regard to justices or to 
 the local officials for whom they were responsible; for 
 example, indictments against justices, 4 a justice’s clerk, 5 
 a constable. 6 a seneschal and bailiff. 7 Still more im- 
 
 ‘Pat., 25, pt. 2, m. 13 d, 6 July, “ De audiendo et terminando rebel- 
 lionem factam coram iusticiariis Regis;” summarized in Cal., ix, 158; 
 the justices of Middlesex were actually driven from their sessions at 
 Tottenham. Pat., 26, pt. 2, m. 10 d, 22 Aug., “ De audiendo et ter¬ 
 minando pro Rege;” summarized in Cal., ix, 341; certain evildoers 
 assaulted John de Claymond while he was performing his duties as 
 member of the joint commission in Holland and even sought to kill 
 him. Pat., 32, pt. 2, m. 30 d, 30 July, De audiendo et terminando: a 
 violent attack on Lyouns, Harewedon and others while executing their 
 office as justices of labourers in Northants. 
 
 1 Cf. app., 23 and 25-26. 
 
 3 Cf. e. g., Pat., 32, pt. 1, m. 24 d, 18 March, “ De audiendo et ter¬ 
 minando omnes felonias et transgressiones in comitatu Hereford' 
 justices are appointed to inquire “ de quibuscumque feloniis, transgres- 
 sionibus, conspiracionibus, oppressionibus, extorsionibus, confedera- 
 cionibus, alliganciis iniustis, cambipartiis, ambidextriis, forstallariis, 
 falsitatibus, dampnis, grauaminibus et excessibus.” 
 
 4 App., 264 266. 5 App., 241-242. 
 
 fi App., 242-243. 7 App., 266. 
 
PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE JUSTICES 
 
 95 
 
 portant are the instances for this decade of the removal 
 to a higher court of cases before the justices of labourers ; 
 for, although not numerous, they are significant as to 
 process. 1 Three out of the four cases involve villeinage 
 as an issue; two out of these three record picturesque 
 attempts of ambitious villeins to bring actions on the 
 statute of labourers against their masters. The substance 
 of these cases must be dealt with again in a later section 
 in connection with the relation of the labour legislation 
 to villeinage; 2 at present it is the fact of an appeal to a 
 higher authority that is to be considered. The case re¬ 
 corded in the chronicle of the abbey of Meaux deserves 
 careful study from the point of view of procedure. 3 Some 
 villeins bring suit before the justices of labourers against 
 their lord the abbot on the plea that he has eloigned 
 their ploughmen contrary to the statute of labourers; 
 after they had been adjudged in mercy on the ground 
 that the abbot is not bound to answer in an action 
 brought against him by his villeins, they complain to the 
 king that the justices had pronounced an unjust judg¬ 
 ment against them and claim that they are not villeins of 
 the abbot but of the crown. The king issues a writ 
 summoning into chancery the records of the proceedings 
 before the justices of labourers and also bids the abbot 
 appear in person before him to answer the plea as to 
 ownership; the chronicler goes on to say that the abbot 
 
 1 The issue from chancery of writs of certiorari demanding from the 
 justices the records of processes of outlawry that had been carried out 
 by their orders need not be discussed here; it is the regular course of 
 events before a pardon of outlawry can be obtained from the king. Cf. 
 Fitzherbert, New Natura Brevium\ 554, and app., 239 and F, 2. 
 
 2 Pt. ii, ch. ii, s. 6. 
 
 3 Chron1. de Melsa, Rolls Series, iii, 127-142; quoted by Savine in 
 “ Bondmen under the Tudors” in Trans. Royal Hist. Soc., xvii, 254, 
 and by Petit-Dutaillis in introduction to Reville’s Soulbvemeni , xxxvii. 
 
^6 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 by means of presents to the chancellor and in spite of 
 the hostile attitude of others of the council obtains per¬ 
 mission to appear by attorney; the question of the 
 ownership of the villeins was finally tried before the jus¬ 
 tices of assize and was settled in favor of the abbot. 
 
 The two other villein cases are found among the County 
 Placita. In the first, a writ of certiorari had bidden the 
 justices of labourers in Bedfordshire send into chancery a 
 copy of certain proceedings held before them ; r the docu¬ 
 ment is endorsed by David de Woll[ore], 2 who was at this 
 date keeper of the chancery rolls, at the instance of John 
 de Herlyng, 3 (usher of the kings’ chamber), but I have 
 no clue as to the outcome. In the second, there had been 
 a similar writ to the Surrey justices of labourers; the 
 endorsement of the transcript of the proceedings is “ to 
 the chancellor of our lord the king” 4 and possibly indi¬ 
 cates that the final decision was left to the chancellor. 
 It is to be noted that in all these cases judgment had 
 been given by the justices of labourers before the issue 
 of the writs of certiorari. 
 
 The fourth case has been mentioned several times; it 
 is that of the two Surrey justices, de Roulegh and atte 
 Wode by name. After they had been removed from their 
 commission, as a result of complaints to the council, 5 
 their former colleagues in their sessions proceed to bring 
 indictments against them for their misdemeanors as 
 justices; but before a judgment or a verdict is reached, 
 the court of king’s bench issues to the acting justices a 
 writ of certiorari , summoning before it all the records in 
 the case, and after lengthy proceedings, finally acquits 
 atte Wode, but convicts de Roulegh of the offence for 
 
 *App., 244-248. 2 Cf. Cal. Close Rolls, ix, index. 
 
 *Ibid., loc. cit. ‘App., 248-250. 5 See pp. 30-32. 
 
PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE JUSTICES 
 
 97 
 
 which he had been indicted in quarter sessions, and fines 
 him heavily. 1 
 
 The Coram Rege Rolls during the latter years of the 
 reign contain many instances of proceedings before the 
 joint commissioners of the peace and for labourers, sum¬ 
 moned into chancery by writ of certiorari and then sent 
 by a mittimus into the court of king’s bench; 2 undoubt¬ 
 edly with the better organization of the justices of the 
 peace, this method of control of their action became 
 more usual. 3 It is characteristic of the English system 
 that no administrative control was provided by the stat¬ 
 ute of labourers for the justices who were to enforce it; 4 
 and equally characteristic that on the whole the super¬ 
 vision of the justices by the central government was 
 very steadily exercised; in turning to the subject of the 
 disposition of the penalties, the thoroughness of the 
 control exercised by the exchequer is still more striking. 
 
 1 App., 211-213; also p. 41. 
 
 2 Strangely enough in 41 Lib. Ass. pi. 22, the use of the writ of cer¬ 
 tiorari is limited to its issue by chancery; cf., however, Fitzherbert, 
 op. cit., 554: “ The writ of certiorari is an original Writ, and issueth 
 sometimes out of the Chancery, and sometimes out of the King’s 
 Bench.” 
 
 3 Cf. Beard, op. cit., 154. I print in the appendix one such appealed 
 case although it is of a later date than the decade under consideration. 
 
 4 Cf. Beard, op. cit., 151: “In English practice, no special institutions 
 were ever constituted for administrative control or to provide remedies 
 against officers as such.” 
 
CHAPTER III 
 
 THE DISPOSITION OF THE MONEY PENALTIES 1 UNDER THE 
 
 STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 That the profits of justice are the essential element in the 
 mediaeval system of law 2 is clearly illustrated in the per¬ 
 sistent contest to establish a right to the money penalties 
 under the statutes of labourers, a contest carried on by means 
 of every possible legal technicality. 3 Normally the issues 
 of courts under the jurisdiction of justices appointed by the 
 central government belonged to the crown, with special pri¬ 
 vileges for the owners of certain franchises ; but in the case 
 of these penalties, the taxpayers made a notable attempt to 
 assert their right against the crown, while the crown in its 
 turn strove to lessen the share obtained by the lords of 
 franchises. 
 
 From the point of view of the disposition of these penal¬ 
 ties, the decade under consideration may be divided roughly 
 into two periods of about equal length: 4 1349-1354, and 
 1354-1359, with the first of which the present section deals. 
 
 ir The term “fine” used in my article in the E. H. E. is not suffi¬ 
 ciently accurate from the mediaeval standpoint, especially in view of 
 the important distinction made by the exchequer between “ fines ” and 
 other forms of money penalties. 
 
 2 Cf. Maitland, Domesday Book and Beyond , 277-278. 
 
 a The contest was not confined to legal means; the instances of mis¬ 
 appropriation are numerous. 
 
 4 Since the first triennial runs through Easter, 1351, while the second 
 does not begin till Easter, 1352, there is, strictly speaking, a year which 
 must be classed with the second period. 
 
 98 
 
DISPOSITION OF THE PENALTIES 
 
 99 
 
 i. Period of the triennial grants of 1348 and 1332; the 
 
 claims of the taxpayers 
 
 The immediate economic effects of the plague, the fall in 
 rents, the rise in wages, and in prices, 1 injured chiefly the 
 taxpayers, who were, for the most part, the owners of land 
 and the employers of labour, and rendered still heavier their 
 burden of taxation already grievous enough because of the 
 costliness of the French war. 2 In view of continuous diffi¬ 
 culties in the collection of the full amount of the taxes, the 
 experiment was tried of applying in aid of the current sub¬ 
 sidy the money penalties under the statutes of labourers, 
 which, in by far the largest number of cases, must have 
 come from the pockets of the wage-earners. 3 To the em¬ 
 ployers of labour there undoubtedly seemed a peculiar fit¬ 
 ness in the ingenious device to secure contributions from 
 the one class in the community the economic condition of 
 which had been improved by the plague. The scheme was 
 used twice, first in relation to the grant of 1348, and 
 secondly to the grant of 1352; but while the latter measure 
 has attracted some attention, the former has been almost 
 ignored 4 and must now be described in detail. 
 
 A. The tenth and fifteenth of 1348 
 
 In the spring of 1348, a tenth and fifteenth were granted 
 by the commons to be paid at Michaelmas and Easter for 
 
 1 See pp. 4-5, 87-92. Gasquet, The Great Pestilence , 197-198, even 
 claims that 'the king issued the ordinance for the express purpose of 
 preventing the landowners from making the high wages extorted from 
 them an excuse for their failure to pay their taxes. 
 
 * Rot. Part., ii, 227a; the destruction by the plague of all the inhab¬ 
 itants of certain towns rendered still heavier the pressure of taxation on 
 the survivors in other districts. 
 
 3 Cf. pt. 1, ch. ii, ss. 3, 4 and 5. 
 
 4 For a brief reference to this earlier attempt, see my article in E. //. 
 E., 519 - 521 . 
 
IOO ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 three successive years, 1 in the manner that had become cus¬ 
 tomary since 1334. 2 The writs appointing the three sets 
 of collectors are identical in form with those of preceding 
 years, 3 but shortly after the issue in the summer of 1349 
 of the writs for the second year, important supplementary 
 instructions are given to the collectors. The ordinance of 
 labourers framed by the king’s council had been proclaimed 
 in June; in November, as a result of complaints from mem¬ 
 bers of the community 4 that the excessive wages extorted 
 from them by labourers, contrary to the ordinance, pre¬ 
 vented them from paying their share of the subsidy, letters 
 patent were issued to all the collectors 5 directing them to 
 assess upon labourers the sums received by them in excess 
 of the legal wages or prices, and to levy the same in aid 
 of the subsidy; 6 the collectors and their deputies, also 
 bailiffs and constables, (there is no mention of justices) are 
 empowered to imprison obstinate offenders until they re¬ 
 fund the “ excess ” and give security for good behaviour. 
 The collectors, when necessary, are to obtain evidence by 
 
 l jRot. Pari., ii, 200-201; first year, Mich., 1348, and Easter, 1349, 
 previous to the ordinance; second year, Mich., 1349, and Easter, 1350, 
 subsequent to the ordinance; third year, Mich., 1350, and Easter, 1351, 
 the last collection being subsequent to the statute. 
 
 2 Dowell, Hist, of Taxation, i, 97; by this time a fixed sum appor¬ 
 tioned definitely throughout the country. 
 
 3 Orig., 22, m. 53, Anglia; 23, ms. 52-54, 16 July; 24, m. 22, 20 July. 
 
 4 “ Ex populari conquestione;” doubtless expressed through petitions 
 to king and council. 
 
 5 App., 258-261. The Cal. of Letter-Book F, 199-200, contains the 
 enrollment of the writ for London, “ Quod operarii capiant stipendia ut 
 solebant et non ultra,” and also of a writ to the sheriffs ordering the 
 proclamation of the ordinance of June. 
 
 6 Cf. p. 82 for an analysis of the difference between the penalty here 
 ordained and that of the more famous ordinance; Barrington, Observa¬ 
 tions upon the Statutes, 207, considers that this “ improper ” distribu¬ 
 tion of the penalties possibly caused the neglect of the measure. 
 
DISPOSITION OF THE PENALTIES 
 
 ior 
 
 sworn inquest and are to have the assistance of the sheriff 
 in enforcing obedience. With the cessation of this tenth, 
 and fifteenth, the said “ excess ” is to be levied in aid of the 
 king per illos qnos ad hoc duxerimus assignandos. In¬ 
 ternal evidence shows that these instructions were drawn 
 up by the king’s council 1 and that they can properly be 
 described as secunda ordinacio . 2 It is clear that by this 
 renunciation of what would normally be a source of profit 
 to the crown, the council hoped to conciliate the discon¬ 
 tented taxpayers; the sequel shows, however, that it had 
 determined to interpret the concession in its narrowest and 
 most literal sense. 
 
 The writs of July, 1350, for the collection of the third 
 year of the subsidy, 3 were followed by a repetition of the 
 provisions as to the “ excess,” addressed as before to the 
 collectors throughout England. 4 It is, therefore, somewhat 
 
 ‘Since there appears in the beginning of the writ, “cum . . . . de 
 consilio prelatorum, nobilium, aliorumque peritorum nobis assistencium, 
 ordinauerimus,” followed by a clause of the ordinance of 18 June, and 
 then “ex deliberacione dicti consilii nostri, adiciendo duximus ordi- 
 nandum,” followed by the provisions for the application of the excess, 
 it is evident that the same council was responsible for both measures, 
 and it has already been said (p. 2) that the ordinance of labourers was 
 the work of the king’s council. 
 
 2 “ Dictam primam ordinacionem ” is the phrase in the above writ 
 applied to the June ordinance; “ second ordinance’’ is therefore prefer¬ 
 able for the writ, rather than the “ conclusion of the ordinance,” the 
 title used in the Statutes of the Realm , i, 309, for an undated document, 
 printed from MS. Reg. 19 A, xiv, British Museum, and almost iden¬ 
 tical with the writ under consideration. The former is in the third per¬ 
 son while the writ is, of course, in the first, and has a longer preamble 
 as well as some additional paragraphs at the end, important for pro¬ 
 cedure. In the Museum manuscript the “conclusion” follows con¬ 
 secutively after the last clause of the June ordinance and includes the 
 instructions to the bishops etc., which really belong only to the earlier 
 measure. 
 
 3 Supra, p. 100, note 3. 
 
 4 Orig., 24, m. 13, 1 Oct.; “ De decima et quintadecima de operariis.” 
 
; 02 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 surprising that an examination of the accounts of the last 
 two years of this subsidy, as well as of the numerous pro¬ 
 cesses on the Memoranda Rolls against delinquent col¬ 
 lectors, has failed to reveal for the period previous to the 
 enactment of the statute a single reference to the “ excess ;" 
 from other sources, however, it is clear that the council's 
 measure was not entirely ineffective. Special difficulties 
 in certain counties, evidently reported to king and council, 1 
 made requisite more specific instructions: early in January, 
 1350, information of the obstinate refusal of some labourers 
 in Hampshire to pay the sums assessed upon them resulted 
 in a mandate to the collectors to imprison the delinquents 
 in Winchester castle; a similar writ was directed to the col¬ 
 lectors of Essex.* The collectors of the latter county were 
 apparently accused of over-zeal, and a few months later, it 
 became necessary to check their proceedings against those 
 labourers who had already spent their illegal gains, and 
 were therefore actually incapable of refunding the “excess 
 imprisonment only made them poorer and deprived the 
 community of their services at the very time when there 
 was such a dire scarcity of labourers. Hie collectors of 
 Somerset and of Middlesex were similarly restrained but 
 were also empowered to imprison bailiffs, constables, sub¬ 
 collectors and jurors who had proved remiss in assisting 
 them. 3 Difficulties in Essex were continuous, while Nor¬ 
 folk and Stafford are added to the list of troublesome 
 counties. 4 The over-zeal of the Essex collectors was not 
 
 1 “ Ac iam intelleximus ” is usually the reason alleged for the addi¬ 
 tional mandate. 
 
 2 Pat., 23, pt. 3, m. 10 d, 2 Jan.; “ De capiendo seruitores qui soluere 
 recusant quintamdecimamT The first portion merely summarizes the 
 second ordinance; cf. Cal., viii, 456-457. 
 
 r ‘ App., 261-262. 
 
 *Orig., 24, m. 16, “ De decima et quintadecima pro operariis;'' Essex, 
 8 Nov.; Norfolk, 18 Dec.; Stafford, 20 Dec. 
 
DISPOSITION OF THE PENALTIES 
 
 103 
 
 entirely disinterested; when the court of king’s bench 
 met at Chelmsford in the autumn of 1351, Edmund de 
 Northtoft, referred to as collector 1 and also as justice stir 
 laborers, was indicted for extorting from labourers during 
 the year 1350 large sums which he had appropriated to his 
 own use instead of paying in aid of the subsidy. 2 A similar 
 charge is brought and substantiated against de Sutton, 
 described as appointed to collect the subsidy and to inquire 
 into the matter of illegal wages. 3 This explicit statement 
 of the double set of duties belonging to the collectors shows 
 how inevitable must have been the conflicts between them 
 and the justices of labourers, in the counties where the 
 latter were acting. 4 Examples occur in Northampton and 
 Leicester; in June, 1350, on complaint of the taxpayers, 3 
 the justices appointed to enforce the ordinance of labourers, 
 are accused of planning to send directly into the exchequer 
 both the “ excess ” and the fines levied on labourers con¬ 
 victed before them, instead of turning over the “ excess " 
 to the subcollectors according to agreement. 6 A writ to 
 the justices orders the distinction to be observed; the “ex¬ 
 cess ” is to go in aid of the subsidy, but the fines directly 
 to the crown, ut est justum . 7 As late as 1357, there is 
 evidence that the crown is still trying to collect “ fines, issues 
 and amercements ” before justices of labourers in Dorset 
 for the 24th year, “ excess ” being distinctly omitted and 
 presumably having already gone to the subsidy. 8 The few 
 
 1 He was collector for Essex in 1349 and 1350; cf . references to Orig., 
 p. 100, note 3, supra. 
 
 *App., 265-268. 3 App., 264-265. 
 
 4 Either under a joint commission of the peace and for labourers or 
 under a separate commission for labourers; see pt. 1, ch. i, s. 1. 
 
 5 “ Sicut ex populari conquestione nobis datur intelligi.” 
 
 f> “ Concordiam supradictam,” i. e., as stated in the second ordinance. 
 
 7 For the reference, cf. p. 11, note 5. 
 
 8 For the reference, cf. p. 11, note 3. 
 
104 ENFORCEMENT of the statutes of labourers 
 
 commissions for enforcing the ordinance of labourers that 
 are enrolled for this period all contain some reference to the 
 application of the excess to the subsidy; 1 in the separate 
 commissions for labourers issued for Lindsey and Suffolk, 
 a careful line is drawn between the powers of the justices 
 of labourers and those of the collectors, while in the other 
 cases the justices are empowered to inquire as to whether 
 the collectors have carried out their instructions for the 
 assessment and collection of the “ excess.” 
 
 From this evidence; certain definite conclusions may be 
 drawn: it is clear that for nine counties, at least, there was 
 a vigorous attempt to apply the “ excess ” in aid of the 
 subsidy; and since no provisions are recorded as to methods 
 of accounting it is probably a fair inference that in other 
 cases also the total tax included such “ excess;” but it is, of 
 course, impossible to make any estimate as to the amount. 
 It is to be recalled that the number of appointments of 
 justices of labourers for this period is too few to explain 
 the statement in the preamble to the statute that commis¬ 
 sions were issued for each county; since the collectors were 
 to assess as well as to levy the penalties technically known 
 as the “ excess ” it is more than probable that the statement 
 applies to them and that the council intended that they 
 should have a large part of the burden of the enforcement 
 of the wages and price clauses of the ordinance of labourers 
 and that the justices should be responsible to the crown for 
 all other forms of penalties, amercements, fines etc. imposed 
 under the ordinance. 2 The clumsy division of power be¬ 
 tween the two sets of officials, the lack of specific provisions 
 as to their relation, the absence of definite instructions as 
 
 1 Pages 10-13. From this statement the commission for Durham 
 must be excepted. 
 
 2 Page 13. 
 
DISPOSITION OF THE PENALTIES 
 
 105 
 
 to accounting and, finally, the determination of the crown 
 to insist on the differentiation in the money penalties, are 
 striking elements of weakness in the measure, and show that 
 the second ordinance, like the first, was inadequate on the 
 administrative side. 
 
 The re-enactment of the substance of the council’s scheme 
 by the statute of February, 1351, when there was only one 
 more payment of the grant to be made, represents a belated 
 attempt to remedy these administrative defects and also 
 embodies, at the urgent petition of the commons, a further 
 concession of revenue by the crown: it is now specified that 
 fines as well as “ excess ” shall go in aid of the sub¬ 
 sidy; that all the penalties are to be assessed by justices to 
 be appointed under the act, that the estreats shall be de¬ 
 livered by them to the collectors by a system of indentures, 
 so that the latter may be called to account at the exchequer; 
 the penalties are to be levied by the collectors and are to go 
 in aid of the districts in which they were imposed, but if in 
 any place the total exceeds the tax, the surplus is to go to 
 the next poorest district; with the cessation of this sub¬ 
 sidy, the penalties are to go to the king and be accounted for 
 by the sheriff. 1 At the eleventh hour of the grant, it is 
 not surprising that the more carefully worked out scheme 
 failed to have much result; the subsidy accounts are still 
 silent, but on the Memoranda Rolls there are two important 
 actions brought against the collectors of Surrey, 2 and of 
 Gloucester, 3 on the ground of failure to distribute the 
 
 *App., 16. The form of the commission in the full list issued as a 
 result of the statute (app., 23) still includes the same clause as to the 
 relations between justices and collectors that had appeared in the com¬ 
 missions of the first period; one would have expected some modifica¬ 
 tion of it. 
 
 2 App., 262-264. 
 
 3 Mem. L. T. R., 32, Mich., Fines, rot. 2, Gloucester; on 30 March 
 
106 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 penalties ; in both instances the distribution is finally com¬ 
 pleted. The charges against de Northtoft previously re¬ 
 ferred to include also indictments for the year 1351; 1 he 
 is accused in several districts in Essex of exacting penalties 
 from labourers and, nevertheless, of levying the total amount 
 of the subsid}^ evidently not giving the taxpayer the benefit 
 of the “ allowances." 
 
 Although only a partial measure of success can be attrib¬ 
 uted to the council’s attempt to lessen the pressure of taxa¬ 
 tion, the experiment had at least shown the commons where 
 hope of relief lay. When the next opportunity came, fore¬ 
 warned by the previous difficulties, they were ready to re¬ 
 peat the experiment, with a completeness as to details which 
 left little room for failure. 
 
 B. The tenth and fifteenth of 1352 
 Within a few months the opportunity came. In the 
 second parliament of the 25th year, which met on 13 Janu¬ 
 ary, 1352, 2 the chief-justice, on the ground of the war with 
 France, asked for another subsidy; in response, the com¬ 
 mons complained of their great impoverishment owing to 
 the late deadly pestilence and to the weight of past taxes," 
 
 (therefore after the enactment of the statute) the collectors against 
 whom this charge is brought had received the now familiar additional 
 instructions of the second ordinance: ‘‘Quod excessus salariorum 
 seruientum leuetur ad opus Regis,” enrolled in Orig., 25, m. 3. The 
 list of collectors here referred to is slightly different from that of the 
 previous summer; see supra, p. 100, note 3. 
 
 1 App., 267. The long process against him in the exchequer for failure 
 to account as collector contains no reference to the subject of the “ ex¬ 
 cess.” 
 
 ’The session lasted till 11 Feb., thus running into the 26th year, see 
 list in app., 8. 
 
 5 Rot. Pari., ii, 237; Jessopp, Coming of the Friars, 255-257, writes: 
 “The Commons were quite equal to making the most of any calamity 
 that occurred.” 
 
DISPOSITION OF THE PENALTIES 
 
 107 
 
 but in view of the king’s necessity they granted him a trien¬ 
 nial tenth and fifteenth to be paid at Easter and Michaelmas, 
 1352, 53, and 54, 1 making the stipulation, however, that all 
 forms of money penalties under the statutes of labourers, 
 fines, “ excess,” issues and amercements, including those al¬ 
 ready collected, should be allowed them in aid of the tax. 2 
 The king agreed to the condition for the period of the 
 grant but in modification of the provision in the statute that 
 the penalties should go to the districts where they had been 
 imposed, he insisted that they should be distributed among 
 the districts according to their relative needs. 3 
 
 The abundance of data in existence as to the result of 
 this second experiment makes possible a detailed account, 
 and furnishes a vast amount of information on the relation 
 of the statutes of labourers to the life of the times. 4 
 
 1 Rot. Part., ii, 237b: “ Et puis apres Ionge trete et deliberation eues 
 par les Communes ove la Communalte, et l’avis d’ascuns des Grantz a 
 eux envoiez, . . . si vindrent les dites Communes devant notre Seignur 
 le Roi et touz les Grantz en Parlement . . . .” 
 
 2 Ibid., 238a: “ C’este la forme du Grante de trois Dismes et Quin- 
 zismes grantees a notre Seignur le Roi ore en cest present Parlement 
 par les Grantz du Roialme et par tote la Commune . . . sur la Condi¬ 
 tion que ensuyt . . . .” 
 
 The commission to the collectors (app., 269) refers to the application 
 of the penalties as granted by the king, “ad requisicionem eiusdem 
 communitatis de assensu prelatorum, ducum, comitum, et baronum." 
 Many years later, the grant is described as made by the king, “par 
 avisement de son bone Counseill ” (Rot. Pari., ii, 409b); the first state¬ 
 ment is probably nearer the truth. 
 
 3 Rot. Pari., ii, 238a: “ II plest a notre Seignur le Roi & a les Grantz 
 de la terre que la Commune eit touz les fyns, amerciements, & issues, 
 forfaitz des ditz laborers & artificers, contenuz en l’Estatut fait au dar¬ 
 rein Parlement, en eide de lour Disme et Quinzisme durant le temps 
 des dites Dismes et Quinzismes triennales; sauves a chescun Seignur 
 lour fraunchises sanz nulle emblemissement. Et l’entent notre Seignur 
 le Roi & de son Conseil est, que ceste Eide soit en oeps des Povres des 
 Villes & lieux gastes, et autres qi plus de meister en ont, par avis des 
 Justices a ceo assignez.” 
 
 4 For an account of the manuscript sources, see app., 255-258; 312-314. 
 
108 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 (a) System of collection and distribution of the penal¬ 
 ties. —Not only have the commons been explicit in their de¬ 
 mands that all possible penalties under the statutes should 
 be granted to them, — in contradistinction to the council’s 
 former limitation to the “ excess,”—but they are resolved 
 that the officials concerned in carrying out the measure shall 
 have specific instructions as to ways and means. There¬ 
 fore, during the same session of parliament, the commons 
 drew up, in the guise of a petition to the king and the mag¬ 
 nates, comprehensive and detailed directions for the actual 
 collection and distribution of the penalties. 1 This petition 
 is granted and a copy 2 3 is sent to the collectors in each 
 county, together with their commission; the latter now in¬ 
 cludes a reference to the concession as to the penalties and 
 states that they are to be levied iuxta formam nobis in dicto 
 parliamento per dictam communitatem liberatam et per nos 
 acceptatam quam vobis mittimus . s The method prescribed 
 
 1 Including a request for the appointment in parliament of separate 
 commissions for labourers; cf. p. 27. 
 
 2 The petition is not given in Rot. Pari., but appears in Statutes of 
 the Realm as a statute of the 25th year printed from a British Museum 
 manuscript. A copy or perhaps the original draft, exists on a detached 
 membrane among Miscellanea of the Exchequer. 4/39, and the docu¬ 
 ment is likewise enrolled on the Memoranda Rolls, L. T. R., imme¬ 
 diately following the enrollment of the commission to the collectors; 
 app., 271. In the Colchester case referred to, p. 130, it is spoken of as 
 “ ordinacionem . . . per consilium Regis factam.” 
 
 3 For the commission of the first year, see app., 268-271, and also 
 Orig., 26, m. 27, 25 Feb.; Anglia, “ De decima et quintadecima per 
 laicos concessis.” For the second and third years, cf. ibid., 27, m. 25, 
 26 Jan., and 28, m. 29, 26 Jan. 
 
 Gasquet, The Great Pestilence, 197, referring to the Originalia enroll¬ 
 ment of the 26th year, conveys the impression that this document is the 
 grant of the penalties instead of making clear that it is merely the com¬ 
 mission issued as a result of the grant. His two other references to 
 the Originalia, on the disregard of the ordinance, 26, m. 25 (on p. 198), 
 and the inability of the justices to levy the penalties, 27, m. 19 (on p. 
 
DISPOSITION OF THE PENALTIES 
 
 109 
 
 in the “ form ” is as follows: the justices of labourers in 
 each county, at the end of the session, in the presence of the 
 collectors and of the most distinguished knights and Ser¬ 
 jeants of the county, shall certify to the total sum of the pro¬ 
 ceeds of the session; representatives from each hundred 
 shall be chosen to make sworn reports as to the relative 
 impoverishment of each district; on the basis of these re¬ 
 ports, the joint committee, composed of all the above, shall 
 apportion this total in such a manner that each district 
 according to its needs shall be “allowed” a share; the 
 collectors shall then receive the estreats from the justices 
 by a system of indented receipts and shall proceed to levy 
 the penalties as scheduled, and to collect in each district the 
 difference between the amount of the tax as originally as¬ 
 sessed and the amount “ allowed ” to it in penalties by the 
 committee of apportionment. In accordance with the re¬ 
 troactive clause of the measure, it is specified that arrears 
 of penalties not already paid in aid of the grant of 1348, 
 and also all penalties imposed during the gap between the 
 two grants, shall go towards the present subsidy; 1 and 
 that any estreats already received at the exchequer shall 
 be now delivered to the collectors. 2 
 
 197), I have been unable to find. As my book goes to the press Gas- 
 quet’s new edition reaches me but proves to contain the same errors. 
 
 It is to be remembered that in the earlier experiment the commis¬ 
 sions to collectors had not mentioned the statutes of labourers but had 
 been followed by a supplementary series of writs; cf. p. 100. 
 
 1 “ Tut le Profit provenant des fyns, issues, amerciments et excesses 
 levez, et a levers ” {Rot. Pari., ii, 238a) becomes in the “ form ” “toutz 
 les fynes . . . que sount ou serount leuez ou prises des laborers . . . 
 de la feste du Pasche drayne passe tanques a dreyn terme du payement 
 des dismes et quinzismes susditz ” and is then followed by the provision 
 for arrears. It is to be remembered that the triennial of 1348 had ex¬ 
 pired at Easter, 1351. 
 
 2 After the end of the grant of 1348, process had been begun by the 
 
I io ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 in spite of the care exercised by the commons to provide 
 for every contingency, there are two instances where 
 further general instructions prove necessary. As a result 
 of complaints to the court of exchequer of embezzlement 
 of the penalties per diuersos ministros Regis, it is provided 
 that the justices of labourers, in addition to the delivery of 
 their estreats to the collectors, shall send duplicates to the 
 exchequer and it is explicitly declared that the collectors 
 must account at the exchequer for levying the penalties in 
 aid of the communities in accordance with the estreats; but 
 they are reminded that whatever has not been levied at the 
 time of the expiration of the subsidy shall go directly to the 
 king. 1 It is to be noted that this additional safeguard for 
 accounting is offered as an amendment to the provision of 
 the statute of labourers for the disposition of the penalties, 
 instead of to the provision of the grant of 1352; it is, there¬ 
 fore, clear that the clause in the statute, while apparently 
 intended only for the subsidy of 1348, was held to aoply to 
 the new subsidy also; the significance of this fact lies chiefly 
 in the method of dealing with arrears, as will be seen later. 
 
 exchequer against the justices of labourers for the delivery of their es¬ 
 treats ( cf . pp. 44, 132); but on 9 Feb., 1352 the treasurer reported the 
 new grant to the barons and stopped the execution of the writs against 
 the justices. Cf. Mem. L. T. R., 26, Hill., Communia, rot. 5, 
 Anglia; “ De non distringendo iusticiarios pro liberacione extractarum 
 de seruitoribus:" “Memorandum quod Rex ad peticionem communi- 
 tatis regni in instanti parliamento concessit eidem communitati quod 
 omnes denarios etc." The estreats for Essex, already delivered, are 
 sent from the exchequer to the collectors in accordance with a writ of 
 the great seal dated 2 March addressed to the treasurer and barons, and 
 enrolled in Mem. K. R., 26, Pasch., Breu. Baron., rot. 1; “ Pro Leone 
 de Bradenham et Iohanne de Depeden." Similarly, the estreats for 
 Dorset are sent to the collectors; Mem. K. R., 26, Hill., Breu. Baron., 
 rot. 28, “ Pro communitate comitatus Dorset." 
 
 1 App., 273-275. An action was brought against the Derby justices 
 for the delivery of their duplicate estreats; app., 281-287. 
 
DISPOSITION OF THE PENALTIES 
 
 III 
 
 The other instance to be considered is a question of the 
 interpretation of the terms of the grant. The exchequer had 
 refused to permit the collectors in Buckinghamshire to in¬ 
 clude in their allowances to that county the penalties under 
 the statutes of labourers imposed by the justices of the court 
 of king’s bench; on complaint of the collectors, the king 
 issued a writ to the treasurer and barons informing them 
 that penalties under the statutes of labourers imposed by 
 all justices, whatever the court, belonged to the communi¬ 
 ties in aid of the subsidy. 1 
 
 From this summary of the specific instructions given to 
 the officials concerned with this grant, it is easy to see that 
 the second experiment has remedied all the obvious elements 
 of weakness of the council’s measure, 2 and, by greater ex¬ 
 plicitness as to the administrative details, marks an advance 
 also over the provisions of the statute of labourers. Leav¬ 
 ing for a later section the discussion of cases of actual mis¬ 
 appropriation by officials and also of the relation of the 
 amount of the penalties to the amount of the tax, the prac¬ 
 tical working of the scheme must now be examined as it is 
 revealed in the original accounts of collectors and justices 
 and in documents connected with these accounts, and also in 
 the various exchequer enrollments. 3 
 
 The normal sequence of events in each county is as fol¬ 
 lows : the total amount of the profits arising from the ses¬ 
 sions of the justices of labourers is ascertained, 4 and then 
 
 r App., 275-276; 328-329. The exceedingly large amount of the pen¬ 
 alties in this county is perhaps explained by this decision. It is to be 
 noted that arrears are included; the list goes back to Easter term, 1349, 
 evidently an error, as the ordinance was not proclaimed until June of 
 that year. 
 
 2 See preceding section, pp. 104-105. 
 
 3 See app., 255-258; 312-314, for an account of these documents. 
 
 4 To this total must be added the sum of the penalties from the two 
 upper courts. 
 
1 12 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 before the joint committee can proceed to make the appor¬ 
 tionment, the sum due as salaries to the justices is sub¬ 
 tracted from this total, 1 in accordance with writs under the 
 great seal to the collectors bidding them pay these salaries 
 at a specified rate per day. 2 The collectors receive receipts 
 from the justices which they show when rendering their ac¬ 
 count at the exchequer. 3 In cases where the total penalties 
 are only just enough for the salaries, 4 or do not even cover 
 these, 5 the communities can, of course, receive nothing; 
 when, however, there is a surplus beyond the salaries, the 
 apportionment is made on the oath of the collectors and 
 twenty-five or thirty elected representatives from the county, 
 and with the advice or the assent of the justices, 6 acting on 
 the reported needs of the various districts. The resulting 
 schedule states the exact amount that each district is to re¬ 
 ceive in penalties and is turned over to the collectors to- 
 
 *See app., 325-326, and also p. 45. 
 
 ’Only the first series of these writs appear on the Close Rolls; for an 
 account of them, see p. 18, note 2, and p. 46. The original writs to 
 the collectors and their receipts from the justices exist for Derby and 
 for Herts.; app., 276-277, and Lay Subs., 120/31 and 120/32, Herts. 
 
 3 E. g ., Mem. L. T. R., 29, Hill., Status et visus compotorum, rot. 1, 
 Essex: “. . . de quibus (i. e., the total penalties) dicunt se soluisse 
 iusticiariis pro vadiis suis de dicto tercio anno xl li. per breuia super 
 hunc visum ostensa . . . .” Cf. also “pro feodis suis per duo breuia 
 Regis et duas acquietancias ipsorum iusticiariorum separatim de recep- 
 cione;” app., 303. 
 
 K Derby, third collection; app., 335; Rutland, third collection; no ac¬ 
 count of penalties “ eo quod nichil excedit vltra vadia iusticiariorum, 
 sicut continetur in compoto suo de huiusmodi Ambus;” Enrolled 
 Subs., 14. 
 
 6 Holland (Line.), third collection, “denarii in extractis predictis col- 
 lectoribus per iusticiarios huiusmodi servientium liberatis non sufficiunt 
 ad vadia iusticiariorum solvenda;” Enrolled Subs., 14; ibid. , Surrey, 
 first collection, the same excuse, but for further information on this 
 case, cf. pp. 123-124. 
 
 6 See app., 323-326; 356-358, for examples. 
 
DISPOSITION OF THE PENALTIES 
 
 113 
 
 gether with a copy of the estreats for which they give re¬ 
 ceipts to the justices, while a duplicate copy is sent by 
 the latter to the exchequer. The collectors now pass on 
 to the subcollectors in each district (who are often the con¬ 
 stables), the estreats of the penalties imposed in that dis¬ 
 trict, together with the memorandum of the amount “ al¬ 
 lowed ” it in penalties by the committee of apportionment. 
 It is evident that each district might receive as an allow¬ 
 ance the exact sum to be levied on it in penalties; in this 
 case, the subcollectors’ task is to collect the penalties and 
 the difference between their amount and that of the tax, so 
 that the total to be raised by them is no greater than ac¬ 
 cording to the original assessment; but it is equally evident 
 that with the plan of giving most aid to the neediest dis¬ 
 tricts, the subcollectors, while sometimes receiving a larger 
 sum of penalties than they had been forced to collect, might 
 also have to levy a larger sum than would be “ allowed 
 their district, and thus would have additional labour with 
 no corresponding benefit. The Colchester case, which will 
 be referred to later, is an excellent example of the friction 
 naturally arising from such a situation. 1 
 
 The existence of several of the original schedules of pen¬ 
 alties imposed by the justices 2 (probably the duplicates 
 called for by the exchequer) makes possible a direct com¬ 
 parison with the memoranda of apportionment and seems 
 to warrant the inference that the simpler method of the 
 statute was the more usual; that is, the “ allowance ” to 
 each district normally equalled the sum imposed in penalties 
 within that district. 
 
 After receiving from the subcollectors the quota due 
 from them, the collectors make up their accounts in vari¬ 
 ous ways. Very often they give the amount of the tax, 
 
 1 See p. 130. 
 
 2 App., 332 - 334 ; 338; 361. 
 
1 1 4 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 district by district, and then, after the total, add a formula 
 which varies in details, but is substantially as follows: infra 
 quas summas continentur .... (figures) de finibus, exitibus 
 ct amerciamentis seruientium et operariorum, sicnt mem or- 
 atnr in quodam rotnlo rotulis de particulis huius compoti 
 consutod The additional rotulus , when in existence (it 
 lias often disappeared), shows the share of penalties re¬ 
 ceived by each district, and is either in the form of the ori¬ 
 ginal memorandum of apportionment 2 or of a schedule of 
 the amount of the estreats delivered to each set of sub- 
 collectors ; 3 sometimes the two sets of figures, tax and 
 penalties, appear on consecutive membranes, with no dis¬ 
 tinct rotulusd Very commonly, however, on the mem¬ 
 brane containing the tax account, the collectors add, op¬ 
 posite to the amount of the tax for each district, a formula 
 somewhat as follows: inde de Xma et XVma . . . . 
 (figures), de excessu laborariorum . . . (figures). 5 In 
 accounting at the exchequer for the tax and for the penal¬ 
 ties the collectors must show receipts from the justices for 
 payment of their salaries and also from the subcollectors 
 for the distribution of the penalties; several bundles of both 
 types of receipts are in existence. 0 Thus, an action is 
 brought against the collectors of the West Riding, because 
 in accounting for the distribution of large sums of penalties, 
 they had shown no acquittances; they finally produce in court 
 449 receipts signed by constables and various others, which 
 
 ‘In collectors’ accounts, both original and enrolled, passim. 
 
 2 App., 323-324; 355 - 3 App., 322-323; 347-348. 
 
 * App., 340 - 342 . 
 
 5 App., 349. In one case the following system is used: sum of the 
 penalties, 6d.; sum of the tax, 24s.; “ et sic deficiunt ” 23s. 6d. Cf. 
 app., 361. 
 
 fi For the first, cf. p. 112, note 2, and for the second, see app., 334- 
 335, and 342-343- 
 
DISPOSITION OF THE PENALTIES 
 
 1 x 5 
 
 are not accepted as valid until investigated by a commission 
 of the exchequer. 1 If the collectors are not able to an¬ 
 swer for the penalties, they add at the end of their accounts 
 a sworn statement as to the reason; the justices had failed 
 to make the apportionment, 2 or had held no sessions, 3 or 
 had delivered the estreats too late, 4 or very frequently had 
 not delivered them at all. 5 It will appear later that the 
 collectors must often be accused of perjury; but occasion¬ 
 ally it is the justices who, on being summoned before the 
 exchequer, admit that they have been the delinquents. 6 
 
 1 See p. 119, note 1, for reference. 
 
 s Lay Subs., 77/20, Bucks., third collection: the justices “ sessionem 
 suam super ordinacione et avisamento inter eos (z. <?., collectors) et 
 alios de communitate eiusdem comitatus ad distribuendum particulariter 
 per villatas, civitates et burgos comitatus predicti iuxta formam, vim et 
 effectum statuti inde editi in auxilium xv me et x mc predictarum nondum 
 fecerunt in comitatu predicto, vt dicunt super sacramentum suum.” 
 
 3 Lay Subs., 90/16, Cumberland, first collection: “ Iusticiarii de huius- 
 modi servientibus, operariis et artificibus in comitatu predicto non sed¬ 
 erunt.” 
 
 4 Enrolled Subs., 14, Worcester, first collection: “ Extracte iusticiar- 
 iorum huiusmodi operariorum, seruientium et artificum eis die Lune 
 proximo post festum Purificacionis beate Marie anno xxvii 0 per iusticiar- 
 ios liberate fuerunt quod propter breuitatem temporis nichil inde leuare 
 potuerunt, vt dicit per sacramentum suum.” 
 
 5 Lay Subs., 103/27, Dorset, first collection: “ Infraquas summas non 
 respondent de aliquibus denariis provenientibus de finibus, amercia- 
 mentis operariorum pro excessu eo quod iusticiarii Regis in hoc comi¬ 
 tatu nullas extractas dictis collectoribus inde liberauerunt nec iidem col- 
 lectores quicquam leuauerunt, ut dicunt per sacramentum suum.” 
 
 6 Mem. L. T. R., 28, Hill., Recorda, rot. 3, “De collectoribus se- 
 cundi anni solucionis xv me et x me in Northrydyng allocutis de finibus 
 operariorum;” the justice admits that he had failed to deliver the es¬ 
 treats. Ibid., 28, Hill., Presentaciones, rot. 2 d, Lindsey (Line.), 
 De die dato; Skipwith “presens hie in curia” admits that he and his 
 companions had not delivered the estreats to the collectors; therefore 
 the latter are “sine die.” Ibid., 29, Trin., Recorda, rot. 8 d, New- 
 castle-on-Tyne; the same statement is made. For the case of London, 
 cf. pp. 136-137. 
 
I16 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 Their duplicate estreats, too, are not always forthcoming” 
 and are sometimes obtained only as the result of exchequer 
 action extending over a number of years. 1 
 
 Even if the collectors were zealous in the performance 
 of their duties, it is easy to see that a system involving the 
 ready cooperation of so many different sets of officials, 
 would not always work smoothly. Possible reasons for lax¬ 
 ity on the part of subcollectors have already been mentioned; 
 the justices of labourers have sometimes proved remiss in 
 holding their sessions or in delivering their estreats; and in 
 several cases the collectors’ excuse for not levying the 
 penalties is that the sheriff and his subordinates had not as¬ 
 sisted them. 2 In view of all these difficulties, and also of 
 the fact that the payment of the full amount of the tax 
 could not, of course, be delayed, it is evident that, even not 
 including cases of actual embezzlement by the collectors, 
 there would be frequent instances of arrears of penalties. 
 
 Without here raising the question as to whether the ar¬ 
 rears are due to actual dishonesty on the part of any official, 
 the exchequer method of dealing with them must now be 
 examined, first of all during the period when the subsidy 
 was still running. If, for a given collection, the justices 
 have been dilatory as to their estreats, they are ordered by 
 
 1 App., 281-287, referred to on p. no, note 1, supra. 
 
 2 Mem. L. T. R., 28, Mich., Breu. Ret., d, Hunts.; the coroners are 
 ordered to distrain the sheriff on the ground that “ vicecomes et minis- 
 tri sui non sunt intendentes eisdem collectoribus ” in levying the pen¬ 
 alties. Ibid., 28, Pasch., Recorda, rot. 8; De quadam summonicione 
 restituta per collectores secundi anni solucionis x me in cornitatu Dors’; 
 and ibid., 29, Pasch., Breu. Ret., rot. 2 d, Dorset; the coroners are 
 ordered to distrain the sheriff, John de Palton, on the ground that he 
 had not done his duty in levying the penalties. Ibid., 29, Mich., Breu. 
 Ret., Shropshire; the king’s serjeant-at-arms is ordered to attach the 
 collectors because the sheriff had failed to return the writ. Cf. also p. 
 117, note 7 for another instance of a delinquent sheriff and p. 137. 
 
DISPOSITION OF THE PENALTIES 
 
 ll? 
 
 writ of the treasurer (sometimes at the urgent request of 
 the collectors themselves) 1 to deliver them to the collectors 
 of the following year; 2 if the collectors in accounting prove 
 to have estreats which they confess not to have levied, these 
 estreats are sent (also by writ of the treasurer) to the next 
 set of collectors, who are instructed to levy the penalties in 
 aid of their year of the tax; 8 if the collectors admit having 
 in their possession some portion of the penalties which they 
 had levied but not distributed, 4 two writs are issued by the 
 treasurer, one to the aforesaid collectors ordering them to 
 deliver the money to the collectors of the following year, 
 and the other to the latter bidding them receive and distri¬ 
 bute it. 5 
 
 The arrears of the third year belong to the period when 
 the subsidy had ceased to run; for a few months after 
 Michaelmas, 1354, 6 there are instances when the collectors 
 are ordered to levy the penalties according to the estreats 
 and distribute them among the needy districts, 7 but the 
 
 *App., 287. 2 App., 278. 3 App.,279. 
 
 4 In such a case the subcollectors must have been persuaded to levy 
 penalties which were not going to be of any direct benefit in lessening 
 their labours, as they had already collected the total amount of the tax. 
 
 5 App., 279. In the instance here given the first order is merely re¬ 
 ferred to. 
 
 6 28th year; but Michaelmas, 29th year, in the exchequer. Cf. app., 
 256. 
 
 7 Cf. Mem. L. T. R., 29, Trin., Status et visus compotorum, rot. 13 d, 
 Somerset; the collectors at this date, clearly after the cessation of the 
 subsidy, make the following statement under oath: “ debent xli s. ii d. 
 qui adhuc restant leuandi et distribuendi inter pauperes villatas dicti 
 comitatus. 
 
 • •••••••• 
 
 Ideo de precepto curie prestiterunt sacramentum de leuando pre- 
 dictos xli s. ii d. et eos distribuendo inter villatas predictas iuxtaformam 
 statuti etc., cum ea celeritate qua etc.” Finally, in the spring of 1359 
 indentures are delivered to the exchequer by one of the collectors, con¬ 
 taining the correct amount; but the process is continued against the 
 
1 18 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 specification is also made that this is to include only such 
 estreats as had been delivered to the collectors previous to 
 Michaelmas, 1354; 3 now if the tax had been already paid, 
 this is a “ rebate ” and not an “ allowance ” system. 2 
 There is, however, little evidence to show that this practice 
 of dealing with the arrears was usual; on the contrary, it 
 was plainly to the advantage of the crown to interpret rigidly 
 the terms of the grant of the penalties, durant le temps des 
 dites Dismes et Quinzismes; 3 and, as has been said, it was 
 found possible to rule that the clause of the statute of 
 labourers applied to this subsidy. Hence, normally any 
 estreats in the possession of collectors after Michaelmas, 
 1354, were to be levied for the use of the crown. 4 If money 
 had been levied in penalties previous to Michaelmas, 1354, 
 but was still in the collectors' hands, it was claimed by the 
 crown with the statement that the community had an action 
 of damages against the collectors. 5 In doubtful cases it 
 had to be proved that the money had been “ allowed ” to 
 the community, previous to the rendering of the final ac- 
 
 other collectors until the spring of 1363 and only ceases then because of 
 a new enactment on the subject of the penalties. It appears that the 
 sheriff had been guilty of not having distrained the collectors to answer 
 for the penalties: “Idem vicecomes (John de Ralegh) presens hie 
 allocutus et examinatus non dedicit quin inuenisse potuit predictos 
 . . . in comitatu predicto post recepcionem dicti breuis et ante diem 
 returni eiusdem et inde submittit se gracie curie.” Mem. L. T. R., 
 34, Mich., Recorda, rot. 2; “ De vicecomite amerciato.” 
 
 1 App., 280. 
 
 2 Cf. the case quoted supra , note 7 and also Mem. L. T. R., 29, 
 Pasch., Status et visus compotorum, rot. 5, Worcester; the distribution 
 of ^40 of penalties is ordered in aid of the tax of the years 26, 27 and 
 28. Mr. Willard tells me that the rebate system is employed in the 
 grant of the 31st year. 
 
 3 Cf. supra , p. 107, note 3. 
 
 4 App., 288-289, and p. no. 
 
 5 App., 310. 
 
DISPOSITION OF THE PENALTIES 
 
 II 9 
 
 count of the tax; 1 although apparently it was permissible 
 for the receipts from the constables and subcollectors to be 
 signed later. 2 This interpretation, of course, means that 
 all estreats not delivered to the collectors were claimed by 
 the crown. Perhaps the most noteworthy instance of the 
 stringency with which the exchequer interpreted the statute 
 to the advantage of the revenue of the crown is a case in¬ 
 volving deceit on the part of the collectors, where it is finally 
 shown that the community of the county in question had re¬ 
 nounced its rights to a share of the penalties in favor of 
 extra payments to certain individuals who had been zealous 
 in helping the collectors levy the tax; it is decided that 
 since these individuals had not received their bonus till 
 2 January of the 28th year, after the end of the subsidy, 
 they must refund it to the crown. 3 
 
 The Memoranda Rolls are full of actions against collec¬ 
 tors to compel them to levy ad opus Regis the estreats in 
 their possession, and likewise of suits against justices of 
 labourers to force them to send into the exchequer back 
 estreats that had not been delivered to the collectors, in or¬ 
 der that they might be levied by the sheriff. Owing partly 
 to frequent laxities on the part of sheriffs in executing the 
 exchequer’s writs of attachment and distraint, 4 many of 
 these cases drag on for a number of years, particularly 
 those involving actual misappropriation by collectors. The 
 annoyance to the exchequer must have been cumulative as 
 the years went by, and the profit to the crown was prob¬ 
 ably not great; it is, therefore, not surprising that in 1362, 5 
 the crown resigned its claim to arrears, in favor of the 
 communities. 
 
 'Mem. L. T. R., 31, Trin., Recorda, rot. 6; York, W. R. 
 
 -/bid. 3 App., 303-305. i( Tf. p. 116, note 2. 
 
 3 Statutes, 36 Edw. Ill, st. 1, c. 14; the immediate cause for the 
 change will be touched on in the next section. 
 
120 ENFORCEMENT OF THE ST A TUTES OF LABO URERS 
 
 Having thus outlined the main features of the working 
 of the commons’ scheme to lessen the pressure of taxa¬ 
 tion, it is necessary to examine the attempts made by the 
 collectors to defraud the taxpayers of the relief held out to 
 them, and then to endeavor to form an estimate of the net 
 gains accruing to the community in the shape of allowances. 
 
 (b) Embezzlement by collectors .—Owing to the asser¬ 
 tion by the crown of its rights to the arrears of penalties, 
 the communities, as has been shown, 1 were often deprived 
 of their share of allowances by mere remissness on the part 
 of some official or by delays that, from the nature of the 
 case, were inevitable; it will now appear that they also suf¬ 
 fered considerable losses from peculation on the part of the 
 collectors. The justices, having to do only with estreats, 
 had few opportunities for misappropriation, 2 but the col¬ 
 lectors, through whose hands the money actually passed, 
 tried various methods of keeping it for their own uses. In 
 view of the thorough system for checking the accounts of 
 the penalties, it is strange that they should have expected to 
 escape detection; it seems almost as if they reasoned that, 
 with the prompt payment of the full amount of the tax, the 
 crown’s income from the subsidy would not be diminished 
 by the embezzlement of the penalties and that, therefore, 
 the exchequer would not consider it worth while to bring 
 actions against them. They had, however, failed to count 
 on the eagerness of the taxpayers to secure their quota of 
 allowances, and on the determination of the exchequer to 
 claim all penalties not actually turned over to the communi¬ 
 ties during the running of the subsidy. 3 
 
 1 See p. 116. 
 
 2 For a few instances on the part of the justices, cf. pt. i, ch. ii, s. 7; 
 in comparison with the large number of justices appointed only a small 
 number have been proved corrupt, but of course there may have been 
 undetected offenses. 
 
 3 See pp. 118-119. 
 
DISPOSITION OF THE PENALTIES 
 
 121 
 
 It has been said that the collectors were often guilty of 
 perjury and the accusation must be made good. 1 Among 
 the sworn statements made by the collectors at the foot of 
 the tax accounts as excuses for not answering for the penal¬ 
 ties, and repeated under oath at the exchequer at the time 
 of the rendering of the accounts, by far the most common 
 is the non-delivery of the estreats by the justices. 2 Unfor¬ 
 tunately for the reputation of the collectors, the system of 
 accounting devised by the commons and by the exchequer 
 prevented such an assertion from passing unchallenged. It 
 is proved again and again that these unscrupulous officials 
 had received the estreats and levied the penalties but had 
 appropriated the money to themselves, and under cover of 
 the formula “ no estreats ” had then raised from each dis¬ 
 trict the full quota of the tax, without giving the commun¬ 
 ity the benefit of an allowance. 3 Detection comes in vari¬ 
 ous ways: the justices in delivering their duplicates to the 
 
 1 See p. 115. 
 
 2 See p. 115 and table in app., 315-321; cf. also Mem. L. T. R., 28, 
 Mich., Communia, Fines, rot. 4 d, Leyc’: " Manucapcio collectorum xv* 
 in comitatu Leyc';" they had hoped for more estreats. Ibid., 28, Hill., 
 Presentaciones, rot. 3 d, De die dato, Glouc.; they had received the 
 estreats too late to levy the penalties, but when given more time they 
 are still delinquent. 
 
 3 A statistical study should be made of such cases; I am merely indi¬ 
 cating some typical examples. Mem. K. R., 27, Mich., Status et visus, 
 Warwick; the collectors first say that they had received no estreats, but 
 finally admit that they had them in their possession. Mem. L. T. R., 
 28, Mich., Recorda, rot. 26, Suff’ "De collectoribus xv me et x me corn- 
 missis prisone pro transgressionibus etc." (a case very much like that 
 for Southampton, given in app., 289-293); the justices of labourers in 
 court accuse the collectors of falsehood. Ibid., 28, Mich., Presentaciones, 
 rot. 13 d, Surrey, De die dato; the collectors at first deny the receipt of 
 the estreats, but finally admit that they had lied and account. Ibid., 
 Sussex, De die dato; exactly the same course of events takes place. An 
 important case in Northampton will be discussed later in this section, 
 pp. 125-126. 
 
122 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 exchequer often mention that they have given the other 
 copy to the collectors some months ago; 1 sometimes they 
 call the attention of the exchequer to the discrepancy be¬ 
 tween this fact and the sworn statement in the collectors' 
 accounts; 2 and sometimes they flatly accuse the collectors 
 of having levied and kept the penalties. 2 Often it is not 
 apparent whence has originated the doubt as to the collec¬ 
 tor’s good faith: suspicato is the phrase in one case, 4 result¬ 
 ing in a cross-examination of the collectors under oath 
 which elicits a confession of their guilt; in another, iam 
 accepimus, followed by a writ to the justices asking them 
 to certify as to the fact of the delivery or non-delivery of 
 their estreats. 5 In one instance, the collectors keep up the 
 pretence of the dilatoriness of the justices to the extent of 
 asking for a writ against them to compel the delivery of their 
 estreats and yet when confronted by them in court immedi¬ 
 ately weaken and admit that they themselves had lied. c 
 The justices on being summoned before the exchequer have 
 so little hesitation in giving the lie to the collectors that it is 
 easy to imagine that when the two sets of officials met on a 
 joint committee of apportionment their relations were not 
 of the pleasantest. 
 
 It is also a matter of common occurrence for the collec¬ 
 tors, on being challenged for not having distributed the 
 penalties, to admit that although they had received the es¬ 
 treats they had not levied the penalties; 7 while, of course, 
 it is not clear that in all such cases they had hoped after 
 
 l E. g., in the Bucks, case given in app., 301, and in the Northants. 
 case analyzed pp. 125-126. 
 
 2 In the Northants. case. 3 App., 292. 4 App., 290. 
 
 5 App., 293. 6 App., 287-288. 
 
 7 Cf. e. g. y Mem. L. T. R., 29, Mich., Presentaciones, rot. 8, Lind¬ 
 sey (Line.); prison and fines were efficacious in forcing the collectors 
 to account. 
 
DISPOSITION OF THE PENALTIES 
 
 123 
 
 the full payment of the tax quietly to levy the penalties and 
 pocket them, there is frequently evidence pointing in that 
 direction. A more elaborate method of concealing their 
 misdoings is as follows: after levying and appropriating 
 the penalties they would fabricate a detailed memorandum 
 of their distribution, district by district, and this memoran¬ 
 dum they would turn into the exchequer when rendering 
 their account of the tax. 1 The weakness of this scheme, 
 if suspicion of their conduct arises, lies in their inability to 
 produce the receipts of the subcollectors or of the constables 
 for the allowances itemized in their falsified accounts. The 
 energetic desire of the taxpayers to obtain their share of 
 relief goes as far as petitions to the king, and results in the 
 appointment of commissions of investigation; but even if 
 the findings are against the collectors, the taxpayers do not 
 get much satisfaction; for it usually happens that the whole 
 matter is not settled until after the end of the subsidy, and 
 under these circumstances the defaulting collectors are forced 
 to make restitution not to the communities but to the crown, 
 though it is added that the former have an action for dam¬ 
 ages against the collectors. 2 
 
 Recourse is sometimes had to the court of king’s bench 
 in order to check the iniquities of the collectors. In one 
 instance a justice of labourers brings action against the 
 collectors in order to obtain his salary; the latter are 
 convicted of having embezzled the penalties, under cloak 
 of the phrase “ not even enough for the salaries of the 
 
 1 Cf. Mem. L. T. R., 31, Trin., Recorda, rot. 6, Ebor’, “ De collector- 
 ibus xv e et x e triennalium de secundo anno solucionis earundem in West- 
 rithyng attachiatis ad recitandum compotum inde;” the collectors are 
 “sine die.” In an exactly similar case against the collectors of the 
 third year in the same county (app., 306-312) the latter are imprisoned 
 and fined. 
 
 2 App., 310. 
 
124 ENFORCEMENT of the statutes of labourers 
 
 justices,” and are fined heavily. 1 Many commissions, re¬ 
 corded usually on the Memoranda Rolls, but occasionally 
 on the Patent Rolls, 2 were appointed to investigate the 
 misdeeds of the collectors. Frequently as a result of the 
 findings of such commissions and of subsequent imprison¬ 
 ment of the delinquent collectors, the latter eventually 
 pay large fines and also account to the exchequer for 
 the penalties; but much more often, as has been pointed 
 out in the preceding section, the actions against them drag 
 on year after year, involving much effort and time on the 
 part of the exchequer and last so long that the collectors 
 themselves have died and their innocent heirs and executors 
 find themselves involved in bothersome suits. In such cases, 
 it is likely that the final profit to the exchequer is small, and 
 it seems probable that one especially flagrant example of 
 
 1 Coram Rege, 27, Trin., Shareshull, 49, Surrey, Henry de Bek- 
 well vs. the collectors; “de placito quare cum eisdem collectoribus 
 pluries mandauerat Rex quod prefato Henrico . . . quinque solidos per 
 diem pro vadiis . . . soluerent vel causam Regi significarent quare 
 mandato Regis alias eis inde directo minime paruerunt, iidem . . . 
 spretis mandatis Regis predictis vt accepit Rex, predicto Henrico vadia 
 sua predicta soluere . . . non curarunt.” Ibid., 27, Mich., Shareshull, 
 Adhuc de finibus; two of the collectors are fined “pro retencione de- 
 nariorum de laboratoribus receptorum.” Cf. Enrolled Subs., 14, Surrey, 
 first collection. In a case in Lib. Ass., 27 Mich., pi. 15, not yet iden¬ 
 tified on the Coram Rege Rolls, certain collectors are accused of having 
 levied large sums of penalties for which they had not accounted. Cf. 
 also Ancient Indictments, no. 19, Dorset, m. 1 [32nd year]: “ Iuratores 
 dicunt per sacramentum suum quod Yvo de Childecome, collector x“ e 
 et xv me annis xxviii m0 et xxix mo cepit ad vsum suum proprium de amer- 
 ciamentis laborariorum et vitellariorum quinquaginta marcas in decep- 
 cione Regis et ad graue dampnum communis populi . . . .” 
 
 2 E. g., Pat., 30, pt. 2, m. 20 d, 6 June, “ De inquirendo de summis 
 leuatis per collectores x e et xv® de excessibus operariorum etc.;’’ in the 
 county of Wilts. Ibid., m. 3 d, 3 Oct., “ De inquirendo de finibus de 
 operariis receptis;” in the counties of Surrey and Sussex, apparently. 
 In both cases the phrase is “ ac iam ex graui querela hominum (of the 
 counties named) intelleximus.” 
 
DISPOSITION OF THE PENALTIES 
 
 125 
 
 such delay resulted in the statutory change made in the 
 disposition of the penalties. 1 Two sets of collectors for 
 Northampton had failed to account for the penalties, in one 
 case, on the plea of “ no estreats,” and in the other, with 
 no excuse for the omission; but Henry Grerie, the justice of 
 labourers, appears in court with the duplicates, and says 
 that all the collectors had lied. The process dragged on 
 until most of the collectors had died, and their heirs and 
 executors, several of them women, were finally distrained to 
 appear to answer for the penalties, their property having 
 been seized by the sheriff. Finally, in Hilary term of the 
 36th year they come into court and seek delay on the ex¬ 
 cuse that memoranda et munimenta sua premissa tangencia 
 sunt in partibus suis sine quibus in premissis respondere non 
 possnnt et petunt diem vlterius etc. vt interim munimenta 
 ilia perscrutari possint. Not until Michaelmas of the same 
 year did they appear with a writ of supersedeas issued by 
 the king on 26 November, on the ground of the new statute 
 passed in the parliament that had just sat, giving arrears 
 of penalties to the communities and compelling collectors to 
 account to the keepers of the peace instead of at the ex¬ 
 chequer. 2 A petition to the council printed in the parlia¬ 
 ment rolls seems to indicate that during these six months 
 the defendants had done something more than examine their 
 
 1 Mem. L. T. R., 31, Hill., Recorda, rot. 5, Norht’; “ De collector- 
 ibus xv* et x e triennalium attachiatis pro compoto et concelamento.” 
 
 2 Statutes, 36 Edw. Ill, st. 1, c. 14. The session of parliament re¬ 
 sponsible for this measure lasted 13 Oct. to 17 Nov.; Parry, Parlia¬ 
 ments, lvi. The statute embodies almost the exact words of a petition: 
 “ Item, Pur ce que l’entent des Seignurs et de la Commune est declaree 
 en cest present Parlement, Qe les Communaltez de chescunes Villes 
 du Roialme eient les Fins & Amercimentz, & touz autres Profitz, des 
 Artificers, Servantz et autres Laborers, queconques fuissent paiez as 
 
 Coillours de la Quinzisme triennale, autrefoitz grante au Roi.” 
 
 Rot. Pari., ii, 273a. 
 
126 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 records. The petition is from the community of North¬ 
 ampton, 1 —one suspects at their instigation,—and makes the 
 plea that the collectors had turned in the penalties together 
 with the tax, but had omitted mentioning them in their ac¬ 
 counts,—an exactly contradictory statement from that re¬ 
 corded in the case of one set of collectors. Perhaps the 
 council did not in this instance compare notes carefully with 
 the exchequer, and it is, of course, possible that the ori¬ 
 ginal collectors were not guilty though appearances are 
 certainly against them. In any case it seems likely that the 
 inconvenience suffered by these particular heirs had a de¬ 
 cisive effect after so many years of similar difficulties, and 
 that the crown decided to relinquish the chance of obtaining 
 the penalties, and thus to bring to an end all the numerous 
 processes still pending. 
 
 After this date, all processes of the exchequer for arrears 
 of penalties lapse, and letters patent appointing the joint 
 commissions of the peace and for labourers, now include the 
 power to compel the collectors to account." Nominally, 
 therefore, by 1362, the communities have asserted their right 
 to the arrears of penalties against the claims of the crown, 
 but I am inclined to suspect that the crown yielded only be¬ 
 cause it had found it impossible to obtain such arrears, and 
 that when the sources for this later period are examined, it 
 will turn out that the communities had obtained merely an 
 empty privilege. 
 
 Without a statistical study of the actions against the col¬ 
 lectors, it is impossible to ascertain the exact amount of the 
 penalties that through remissness or dishonesty of officials 
 
 1 Rot. Pari., ii, 40gb~4ioa; the editors print this without a date, evi¬ 
 dently by an error, for the original is endorsed: “ Cotyngham, Bille de 
 parliamento anno xxxvi.” (Ancient Petitions, File 17, no. 814.) 
 
 1 Cf. e. g., Pat., 36, pt. 2, m. 7 d, 20 Nov.; “ De pace conseruanda.’ 
 
DISPOSITION OF THE PENALTIES 
 
 12? 
 
 failed to go to the communities, but the fact that so many 
 of the collectors thought it worth while to try to evade the 
 elaborate system of accounting and that, until 1362, the ex¬ 
 chequer continued its efforts with persistent energy, shows 
 clearly that the sums were considered important. 
 
 (c) A comparison of the amount of the penalties with that 
 of the tax .—In studying the subsidy of 1348, it was dis¬ 
 appointing to find no way of discovering the amounts of the 
 penalties that were actually allowed toward the tax, 1 but 
 in the case of the subsidy of 1352, there is fortunately de¬ 
 finite information. Although the lack of knowledge of the 
 sum of arrears 2 3 prevents an absolutely accurate estimate of 
 the total amount of penalties imposed under the statutes 
 during this period, there are in existence sufficient data for 
 a fairly correct calculation as to the sums actually distri¬ 
 buted to the communities as allowances, and it is possible, 
 therefore, to gauge the measure of success of the scheme 
 from the point of view of the taxpayers. The authoritative 
 figures for the total sum of allowances obtained by each 
 county are recorded in the enrolled subsidy accounts, 8 and 
 can, therefore, be compared directly with the total tax. The 
 table in the appendix 4 gives the result of this comparison, 
 but it is to be borne in mind that occasionally such accounts 
 have been falsified, notablv in the cases of Yorkshire and 
 of Surrey, where by the ruling as to the arrears, the penal¬ 
 ties would go not to the communities but to the crown. 5 
 
 The tax was levied in 45 districts: in 37 counties,— 
 Yorkshire and Lincolnshire with three divisions each,—and 
 
 l Page 104. 
 
 2 Cf. two preceding sections, p. 119 and pp. 126-127. 
 
 3 Penalties not accounted for in time to appear on the enrolled ac¬ 
 counts of the final year of the subsidy must be classed as arrears. 
 
 4 3i5-32i. 5 Cf. pp. 123-124. 
 
128' ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 in the Isle of Wight, London, Newcastle-on-Tyne and the 
 city of York; for each of these there were, of course, three 
 collections, so that the penalties should appear in 135 in¬ 
 stances. The facts are as follows: in 13 cases, there is no 
 mention whatever of penalties; in 8 cases, varying excuses 
 such as “no sessions” or “no apportionment;” in 46 cases, 
 “no estreats;” but in 68 cases, just half, a definite sum is re¬ 
 ported; of these, in two cases the sum was only just enough 
 for the justices' salaries, and in two others not even enough 
 for this purpose, leaving 64 cases where the communities 
 received their quota of the penalties. With the exception 
 of London, Northumberland, Rutland, Shropshire, Sussex, 
 Westmoreland and York, all the districts benefited by these 
 allowances. The total of the tax for the three years is 
 £114,767 5s. 2d., and the total of the penalties £7,747 I 4 S - 2 d. 
 ob. q., 1 so that the net gains of the whole body of taxpayers 
 amounted to only about 6% of their total burden. The pres¬ 
 sure on the wage-earners, however, must be estimated at a 
 somewhat higher figure, while the relation between tax and 
 allowances, county by county, proves to be much more 
 significant than the relation between totals. As to the first 
 point, it is to be remembered that before the apportion¬ 
 ments could be made, about £20 2 annually were paid as 
 salaries to the justices of labourers in each county; a rough 
 estimate would make the total of such payments about £800; 
 further there are the arrears which can scarcely be reckoned 
 as much less than a third of the total allowances, possibly 
 in round numbers £2000; therefore something over £10,000 
 
 ^or a single year the tax is ^38,255 15s. ob. Cf. Stubbs, Const. 
 Hist., ii, 579-580: “Of the produce of a vote of tenths and fifteenths 
 we have no computation after the reign of Henry III that is trust¬ 
 worthy." He goes on to name ^40,000 as the sum of the lay tenth 
 and fifteenth under Edward III. 
 
 2 See pt. 1, ch. i, s. 6. 
 
DISPOSITION OF THE PENALTIES 
 
 129 
 
 would probably cover the total of the penalties imposed 
 under the statutes and levied for the most part from the 
 wage-earning class. As to the second point, it is worth 
 while to quote a few figures from the table; in two cases, 
 the penalties actually equal half the tax, and in seven cases 
 they equal a third, while in others they amount to a quarter 
 or a sixth or a seventh. In the cases where for small dis¬ 
 tricts within the county there is a basis of comparison be¬ 
 tween tax and allowances, the results are equally significant. 
 Out of the 135 possible instances, there are 28 in which the 
 double set of figures are in existence, covering 21 counties 
 and divisions of counties, or nearly half of the tax dis¬ 
 tricts. The limitations of space have forced me to select 
 at random for the appendix only a few districts within the 
 counties; but even these few give some striking results: 
 for example, the village of Bradefeld, Essex, is rated to the 
 15th at 44s. 3d. ob. q., but 40s. is allowed it in penalties, 
 though the estreats to be levied in it amounted to only 
 29s. iod.; 1 Hatton, in Lindsey, is rated to the 10th at 
 23s. 2d., and its allowance is 12s. ; 2 Ravensrod in the East 
 Riding, is rated at 100s. to the 15th and receives 60s. in al¬ 
 lowances. 8 In the original documents (which deserve to 
 be printed in full) such examples can be multiplied inde¬ 
 finitely, and show clearly that a given small group of tax¬ 
 payers, who had perhaps been forced to pay exceptionally 
 high wages, might receive full compensation through the 
 lessening of their share of the subsidy. The opportunity 
 was tempting and the utmost advantage was taken of it; 
 for example, the inhabitants of Kingston-on-Hull had ap¬ 
 parently made out a strong case for their peculiar destitu¬ 
 tion, for the council allows them the full benefit of all the 
 penalties under the statutes imposed within the limits of the 
 
 1 App., 337-338. 
 
 2 App., 350. 
 
 3 App., 359. 
 
130 
 
 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 town, and, in order that none of these penalties should be 
 distributed elsewhere in the county, forbids any interference 
 from the justices or collectors of the rest of Yorkshire. 1 The 
 case of Colchester is one of the most striking that has come 
 to my notice; the ioth amounts to £26 2 s. gd., but the sub¬ 
 collectors are ordered to collect £84 7s. 7d. in penalties, 
 the difference evidently to go in accordance with the statute 
 to the next poorest town ; the subcollectors, however, raise 
 the third of the total penalties, sufficient to cover their own 
 tax and then refuse to concern themselves with the re¬ 
 mainder which would, of course, not benefit Colchester. 2 
 Such a combination of circumstances must have occurred 
 fairly often; for, in the spring of 1354, when there was 
 only one more collection of the subsidy, the commons peti¬ 
 tion that a surplus of penalties over the tax in a given dis¬ 
 trict be distributed at large throughout the county instead 
 of going to the next poorest town. 3 This request is re¬ 
 fused, but the fact that it was made is in itself indicative 
 of the importance attaching to the penalties. That in a 
 given county the labourers can be made to pay half or a 
 third of the total tax, even though this is true but rarely, 
 
 'Pat., 27, pt. 1, in. 18, 10 March; “Pro hominibus ville de Kyngeston- 
 super-Hull.” CL Cal., ix, 417. Gasquet, The Great Pestile 7 ice , 155, 
 gives a full summary but fails to make clear that the point of the issue 
 of these letters patent was merely to prevent the possibility of a com¬ 
 mittee of apportionment deciding that some other district in Yorkshire 
 had even a better claim to the penalties imposed in Kingston than had 
 Kingston. 
 
 2 Mem. K. R., 27, Mich., Recorda, Essex, “ De balliuis Colecestr’ 
 occasionatis.” The bailiffs are accused of having let out of prison the 
 disobedient subcollectors, contrary to the orders of the collectors. The 
 two sets of figures, that of the tax and that of the penalties, given in 
 this most interesting process, are corroborated with only slight differ¬ 
 ences, by the subsidy account and by the justices’ estreats; see app., 
 337 - 339 - 
 
 1 Rot. Pari., ii, 258a. 
 
DISPOSITION OF THE PENALTIES 
 
 131 
 
 shows how prosperous is their economic condition; and also 
 makes plain how much the communities had to gain by the 
 enforcement of the labour legislation. It seems probable 
 that the pressure brought to bear by the taxpayers on the 
 justices and collectors was an efficient cause for the great 
 regularity with which sessions were held throughout Eng¬ 
 land during the running of the triennial and resulted in per¬ 
 haps a more thorough administration of the statutes than 
 was ever again achieved. 1 With the grant of the next 
 triennial, that of the 31st year, another set of penalties in 
 the place of these was given to the communities. 2 3 The 
 reasons for the abandonment of the scheme are still to be 
 sought, but a possible explanation lies in the attitude of the 
 lords of franchises; their claims and those of the crown 
 deserve full attention. 
 
 2. Period after the cessation of the triennial grants of 1348 
 
 and 1352 
 
 A. The rights of the crown: Easter, 135 1 t° Easter, 
 1352; Michaelmas, 1334, to November, 1359 •—At the end 
 of each of the above triennials, the penalties under the 
 statutes went to the crown, a subject only to the claims of the 
 lords of franchises, and were levied by the sheriff in the 
 same manner as were the penalties in other courts of the 
 
 1 My view is thus the very opposite from that expressed by Barring¬ 
 ton, quoted p. 100, note 6. 
 
 2 The escapes and chattels of thieves and felons convicted before the 
 keepers of the peace and the justices in eyre; Statutes , 31, st. 1, c. 13. 
 Mr. J. F. Willard has examined the manuscript sources for this grant 
 and has acquired much information which it is to be hoped will soon 
 appear in print. The penalties under the labour statutes were never 
 again thus used. 
 
 3 This had been specified by the statute and by the grant of the sub¬ 
 sidy, but would have been assumed even without such a specification. 
 
132 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 king. 1 Leaving to a later section the claims of the lords, 
 the normal method of dealing with the estreats will now be 
 described. 
 
 Even during the triennial of 1348, the crown had made 
 good its right to that portion of the penalties not coming 
 under the technical head of “ excess ” 2 and soon after its 
 cessation in Easter, 1351, steps were taken by the exchequer 
 to secure this new source of revenue. In July, instructions 
 were issued to the sheriffs to levy the penalties and to pay 
 out of them the wages of the justices of labourers; 3 by the 
 autumn, it was found necessary in the case of a long list of 
 counties to order the sheriffs to distrain the justices for the 
 delivery of their estreats, 4 but scarcely was the machinery 
 set in motion, voluminous rolls for Essex and Dorset hav¬ 
 ing been already delivered into the exchequer 3 with speedy 
 prospects of rolls for Southampton, 6 when parliament met. 
 
 ! The exchequer process brought in 1357 against the sheriff of Somer¬ 
 set and Dorset, resulting in his imprisonment, quoted p. 11, note 3, 
 illustrates clearly the variety of estreats for which the sheriff was re¬ 
 sponsible: estreats of the keepers of the peace and justices of labourers 
 for the 24th year; of the justices of labourers for the 27th and 28th years; 
 of the justices of assize for the 28th and 29th years; of the chancellor 
 for the 29th year; of justices of oyer and terminer for the 28th year; of 
 the barons of the exchequer for the 29th year; of the court of common 
 pleas for the 28th year, Trin. and Mich, terms, and for the 29th year, 
 Hill, and Pasch. terms etc.; through a long list. Cf. p. 137, note 7. 
 
 7 Cf. pp. 103-105. 
 
 3 See p. 18, note 1, and p. 44. According to these instructions the 
 justices are to deliver their estreats directly to the sheriffs, but in prac¬ 
 tice it became the custom to deliver the estreats into the exchequer and 
 then to re-issue them to the sheriffs. 
 
 4 Mem. L. T. R., 26, Mich., Breu. Ret., rot. 11, Kane’, 18 Oct.; by 
 this writ of the treasurer the estreats are called for at the exchequer. 
 It is to be remembered that Mich., 26th year of the exchequer is really 
 only Mich., 25th year of Edward’s reign; cf. app., 256. 
 
 5 For an account of these see p. 109, note 2. 
 
 * Cf. p. 62 and note 3. 
 
DISPOSITION OF THE PENALTIES 
 
 133 
 
 The result of the session has been already told; the change 
 in the disposition of the penalties relieved the exchequer and 
 the sheriffs from direct responsibilities for levying the es¬ 
 treats, and called forth writs of supersedeas stopping the 
 processes against the justices of labourers. 1 There is .no 
 record that during these few months any payments had 
 been made as salaries to the justices. 2 With the expiration 
 of the second triennial at Michaelmas, 1354, the crown 
 recovered its rights to all penalties under the statutes of 
 labourers, and although it was forced later to part with 
 a portion of the penalties, it never again completely sur¬ 
 rendered its rights. These rights have been shown to ex¬ 
 tend to arrears of penalties not already allowed to the tax¬ 
 payers. If the estreats have reached the collectors, the ex¬ 
 chequer brings action against them by a process already de¬ 
 scribed, but if the estreats are still in the hands of the jus¬ 
 tices of labourers, up to 1362 the exchequer deals with them 
 exactly as it does with current estreats. 3 In both cases 
 writs are issued by the treasurer to the justices bidding 
 them deliver their estreats into the exchequer; 4 they are 
 then turned over to the sheriff who is responsible for levy¬ 
 ing them and for accounting for them. 5 The system by 
 
 ^age 109 and note 2. 
 
 2 See p. 44. As early as 12 July, 1351, the date of the issue of the 
 first series of writs for payment of the justices’ salaries, complaints to 
 the council of embezzlement of the penalties by “sheriffs, lords of lib¬ 
 erties and towns, marshalls of justices, keepers of prisons, bailiffs of 
 liberties, market towns and boroughs and their agents,’’ had resulted 
 in the appointment of a number of commissions of investigation; Pat., 
 25, pt. 2, m. 11 d.; “ De summis ab operatoribus et seruitoribus extorsis 
 ad opus Regis leuandis.” Cal., ix, 160. It seems probable that in view 
 of the change in the disposition of the penalties, these commissions 
 were allowed to lapse. 
 
 3 See p. 119. 4 App., 363-365- 
 
 5 For the sources that contain the accounts of the penalties both origi- 
 
*34 
 
 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 which the justices of labourers received their salaries is now 
 thoroughly worked out and is worthy of note as indicating 
 perhaps the most valuable source for showing the fre¬ 
 quency with which the justices were acting. The first step 
 in the process is occasionally a writ of the great seal to the 
 treasurer and barons bidding them order the sheriff to make 
 the payment , 1 but is more usually a writ to the sheriff him¬ 
 self in the form of a letter close ordering him to pay the 
 justices at a specified rate per day or per year out of the 
 issues of their sessions for the days during which they have 
 actually sat . 2 In rendering his itemized account at the ex¬ 
 chequer, the sheriff states that in accordance with the writs 
 of the great seal he has paid to each justice the amount due 
 him, showing in each case the justice’s receipt ; 3 then fol- 
 
 nal and enrolled, see app., 256-258. In the course of the next reign the 
 more direct method of dealing with the estreats is adopted, like that in 
 use during the subsidy in relation to the collectors; one copy is given 
 by the justices to the sheriffs and the duplicate is sent into the ex¬ 
 chequer; see oath of office taken by the justices of the peace, printed in 
 Rot. Pari., iii, 85, quoted p. 42. 
 
 'See app., 368-371, for an example of the successive steps in the 
 whole process. 
 
 2 For the references to the enrollments, cf. p. 46, note 3. The series 
 does not begin until the 30th year, since it has been shown that during 
 the subsidy the collectors had paid these salaries; cf. p. 112. In cases 
 where the allowances to the tax had not been duly made the sheriff 
 becomes responsible for the back salaries of the justices; cf. e.g., Mem. 
 L. T. R., 31, Mich., Breu. Irret., Shropshire, where the sheriff is 
 ordered to pay wages to justices of labourers for the 26th year. 
 
 3 Memoranda Rolls, K. R. and L. T. R., passim; unfortunately in 
 the series for Somerset selected for the app., 368-371, I was unable to find 
 the desired entry under “ Status et visus;’' therefore I add here a sim¬ 
 ilar entry for another county. Mem. K. R., 31, Mich., Status et visus. 
 Lincoln’; “Facto visu compoti Thome de Fulnetby, vicecomitis, de 
 vltimo dimidio anno xxx . . . . Et viii li. vi s. viii d. quos soluit 
 lohanni Busshe, vni iusticiariorum ad transgressiones operariorum. 
 seruientum et artificum in partibus de Kesteuen in comitatu predicto 
 puniendas assignatorum, pro vadiis suis pro tempore quo fuit intendens 
 sessioni iusticiarie predicte, per breue Regis et literas acquietancie ipsius 
 Iohannis de recepcione. For example of an original receipt, cf. app., 277. 
 
DISPOSITION OF THE PENALTIES 
 
 I 35 
 
 lows another writ of the great seal to the treasurer and 
 barons bidding them examine the sheriff’s writs and receipts 
 and, if they prove satisfactory, make him due allowance in 
 his account; 1 this allowance is then finally noted on the 
 Pipe Roll, the last entry in the whole process. These en¬ 
 tries, therefore, give statistical evidence of the number of 
 days of sessions in each county, as well as of the amounts 
 of the penalties . 2 
 
 The system of levying estreats does not, by any means, 
 work with clock-like regularity; delays occur at all points, 
 necessitating monotonous repetition of the issue by the 
 exchequer of writs of distraint against the justices for 
 the delivery of their estreats ; 3 the actions against the 
 justices often drag on interminably, in one instance for 
 over eighteen years . 4 It is clearly a fact of decisive prac- 
 
 !The Memoranda Rolls, K. R., seem literally full of such writs. 
 
 2 An excellent study could be made on the basis of these Pipe Roll 
 entries. 
 
 3 Memoranda Rolls, passim. The cases are very similar to those 
 occurring during the subsidy; cf. e. g., app., 299. 
 
 4 Mem. L. T. R., 30, Trin., Recorda, rot. 1, Staff’; ‘‘De comite 
 Staff’ et aliis attachiatis pro extractis laborariorum liberandis.” One 
 after another of the nine justices involved appear before the exchequer 
 with various excuses which are readily accepted; e. g.: “ Et predicti 
 comes et Iohannes de Delues pro se ipsis dicunt vt prius quod huius- 
 modi extractas non habent penes se liberandas. Dicunt enim quod 
 nulla commissio de iusticiaria predicta deuenit ad manus ipsorum com- 
 itis et Iohannis vel eorum alterius nec ipsi vel eorum alter inde aliquo 
 se intromiserunt. 
 
 Et predictus Thomas de Swynnerton venit similiter ad dictum cras- 
 tinum et dicit pro se quod quandoque fecit sessionem suam cum dictis 
 iusticiariis circa punicionem operariorum predictorum, set dicit quod 
 nulle extracte de aliquibus finibus, exitibus vel amerciamentis inde 
 emergentibus deuenerunt ad manus ipsius Thome.” Finally, seven of 
 the nine are “ sine die,” and in the meantime one justice dies, but pro¬ 
 cess is continued against the executors of the latter and against the one 
 remaining justice and is apparently not concluded as late as Michaelmas 
 term of the 49th year. 
 
136 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 tical importance that the excuse of a justice that the letter 
 patent had never reached him or that he had not taken 
 part in the session is accepted as valid; 1 provided that 
 the barons can secure sufficient estreats properly arraiatas 2 
 it is a matter of indifference to them as to who of the com¬ 
 mission had acted. When, however, as in the case of Nor¬ 
 thumberland, no estreats at all are forthcoming, 3 it is then 
 necessary that cause shall be shown for failure to execute 
 the letters patent. The episode of No rlh umber land has 
 been already related; after the cancelling of the second set 
 of letters patent, it did not receive another commission for 
 over a year. The case of London deserves special attention. 
 The ordinance and statute had been promptly enrolled on 
 the Letter-Books, 4 and one of the two earliest recorded 
 commissions is directed to the mayor and sheriffs, as far 
 back as 1349; 5 the next information comes from complaints 
 made in the parliament of the spring of 1354 of the ex¬ 
 ceedingly high price of provisions in London, followed by 
 suggestions for elaborate administrative remedies, with no 
 mention of justices of labourers/’ Then, in Hilary term 
 1355, at the time of settling up the accounts of the subsidy, 
 it appears on inquiry by the exchequer that, in spite of the 
 parliamentary discussion of a few months previous, no one, 
 not even the mayor and sheriffs, knew whether or not there 
 were any justices of labourers. 7 The result is first, a writ 
 
 1 See the quotation from the Stafford case supra; and cf. p. 35. 
 
 2 See p. 62 for instances where the entreats are returned for correc¬ 
 tion; cf. also Mem. K. R., 26, Hill., Recorda, Somerset, where a bag 
 of estreats belonging to Lovell, a justice serving on the joint commis¬ 
 sion, is returned as containing estreats “minus sufficientes. 
 
 3 See p. 35, and app., 366-368. 4 App., 8, note 3, and 12, note 1. 
 
 3 £Y. p. 10, note 4. 6 Rot. Pari., ii, 2586-2593. 
 
 7 Mem. L. T. R., 29, Hill., Presentaciones, rot. 1, London’, De die 
 dato. The collectors say that they had received no estreats; “ ideo 
 . . . ad presens inde sine die.” 
 
DISPOSITION OF THE PENALTIES 
 
 *37 
 
 to the above officials to enforce the statute, 1 and second, two 
 years later, an enactment that the statute should extend to 
 London, 2 followed by the issue of a commission. 3 The full 
 estreats in Letter-Book G show the efficacy of these at¬ 
 tempts. 4 From a study of the actions for estreats one 
 gathers the impression that the sheriff is a decidedly over¬ 
 worked official, and one is not surprised to find that he is 
 often delinquent; a justice brings suit against him for his 
 wages; 5 the coroners are ordered to distrain him for fail¬ 
 ure to return writs, 6 and there are numerous instances when 
 his plea non vacare potuit is not accepted and he is im¬ 
 prisoned and fined by the exchequer. 7 
 
 1 Cal. Letter-Book G, 37; dated 13 Feb., 29 Edw. III. 
 
 2 App., 18; this enactment seems superfluous in view of the Anal 
 clause of the statute of 1351. 
 
 3 Dated 1 Aug., 1357; cf . app., 42, and Cat. Letter-Book G, 115. 
 
 4 Cf. ibid., loc. cit., for the enrollment of the writ of supersedeas of 
 4 Nov., 1359, and of the following writ, of 5 Nov., “ Breue ad mitten- 
 dum omnia rotulos et recorda de operariis in Cancellariam,” and also 
 of the estreats of the penalties from 1 Aug., 1357, to Mich., 1359 ; 
 these latter are particularly valuable because the occupations of the 
 offenders are given. 
 
 5 Mem., L. T. R., 32, Hill., Presentaciones, rot. 4, De attornato, 
 Staff’: “ Iohannes de Sutton, chiualer, vnus iusticiariorum domini 
 Regis tarn de pace quam de operariis in comitatu Staff’ de annis xxix 0 , 
 xxx° et xxxi 0 ponit loco suo Robertum de Sekynton vel Henricum de 
 Puys ad prosequendum pro vadiis suis super compotum vicecomitis eius- 
 dem comitatus. In pleno scaccario.” 
 
 6 Cf. e. g., Mem. K. R., 31, Trin., Recorda, Salop’, “ De vicecomite 
 attachiato pro debitis Regis non leuatis et variacione in responsione 
 sua;” also Mem. L. T. R., 32, Trin., Breu. Ret., Salop’; John de 
 Burton, the subsheriff of Richard, earl of Arundell, sheriff, is here the 
 offender. 
 
 7 There seem to be serious difficulties connected with the office of 
 sheriff of Somerset and Dorset; John de Palton and John de Ralegh 
 have both been accused of delinquencies (pp. 116-117, notes 2 and 7); also 
 John de Sancto Lando, the guilty sheriff in the process quoted p. 132, note 
 
138 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 The only changes during this period made in the disposi¬ 
 tion of the penalties under the statutes of labourers arise as 
 a result of the claims of the owners of franchises; to obtain 
 a clear picture of the whole process, these claims must be 
 examined in detail. 
 
 B. The claims of the lords of franchises .—In discussing 
 the relation of the lords of franchises to the enforcement of 
 the statutes of labourers, the familiar distinction between 
 jurisdiction and the profits of jurisdiction must again be 
 emphasized. In a later section 1 the attempt must be made 
 to describe the conflict of jurisdiction arising between the 
 newly created courts held by the crown-appointed justices 
 
 1, of this section. His excuse for his long list of arrears is as follows: 
 “ Dicit enim quod in tantum occupatus fuit circa leuacionem aliorum 
 debitorum Regis et expedicionem arduorum negociorum Regis quod 
 tempus sufficiens sibi non vacabat pro leuacione etc., per x menses pre- 
 dictos. Et visis summonicionibus illis, habitaque deliberacione super 
 premissis, quia liquet curie per cognicionem dicti vicecomitis quod hab- 
 uit tempus sufficiens infra quod leuasse potuit debita contenta in sum¬ 
 monicionibus predictis, et quod idem vicecomes quasi mercede conductus 
 supersedit Ieuacioni debitorum predictorum contra debitum sacramenti 
 sui et in dampnum Regis, consideratum est quod idem vicecomes, vide¬ 
 licet, Iohannes de Sancto Lando, adeat prisonam, et committitur prisone 
 de Flete. Postea fecit finem cum Rege per c. s. (Finis c. s.) pro trans- 
 gressione predicta. ” 
 
 In List of Sheriffs, he appears as John de Sancto Laudo. Cf. also 
 Mem. L. T. R., 33, Mich., Recorda, rot. 19 d, Somerset’, “ De vice¬ 
 comite ad iudicium eo quod non leuauit debita per quandam sommon- 
 icionem leuabilia.” Turbervill’s excuse for not levying the estreats sent 
 him by the justices of labourers is as follows: “quod oneratus fuit de 
 aliis debitis leuandis per diuersas alias summoniciones sibi directas et de 
 aliis execucionibus faciendis pro Rege, causa diuersarum sessionum ius- 
 ticiariorum ... a tempore quo recepit summonicionem predictam quod 
 circa leuacionem debitorum . . . vacare non potuit. Et quesito ab 
 eodem vicecomite quo die recepit summonicionem predictam, dicit quod 
 earn recepit apud Somerton duobus annis iam elapsis et amplius.” The 
 court decided that the time was sufficient if he had wished to perform 
 his duty. 
 
 1 Pt. ii, ch. i. 
 
DISPOSITION OF THE PENALTIES 
 
 139 
 
 of labourers, and the seignorial courts of the manor and of 
 the hundred, especially those that include the view of frank¬ 
 pledge; the desire for fiscal profit undoubtedly being the 
 main motive in the desire for jurisdiction. Here, however, 
 it is the claim of the lords to the profits of jurisdiction that 
 are to be discussed as distinguished from their claims to 
 jurisdiction. Madox dismisses with a brief paragraph this 
 whole question: “ Divers Lords of Seigneuries were, by 
 Charter from the King, entituled to have to theire own 
 Use the Amerciaments that arose within their Seigneurie. 
 However, the Lords were to claim the same at the Ex¬ 
 chequer. William de Burne and others belonging to the 
 Bishop of Bathe’s Fees were amerced for a Disseisin; and 
 that Amerciament was admeasured by the King’s Precept; 
 and was set-over to the Bishop of Bathe by Virtue of his 
 Franchise. This is a Thing frequently done at this Day ; 
 and is so well known, that it needeth no Explanation.” 1 
 It chances, however, that the claim to this special class of 
 penalties, i. e. those under the statutes of labourers, involves 
 some technical problems in the interpretation of the sys¬ 
 tem that are interesting as showing mediaeval methods, as 
 well as indicating the importance attaching to the enforce¬ 
 ment of the statutes; these two reasons serve as my excuse 
 for presenting a somewhat detailed account of the various 
 stages in the claims made by the lords. 
 
 The first reference to the relation of the lords to the pen¬ 
 alties under the statutes is the specification of the commons 
 
 'Hist, and Antiq. of the Exchequer , i, 540-541. Cf. also Pollock and 
 Maitland, Hist. Eng. Law , i, 583. Among the more exalted seignorial 
 powers of jurisdiction are included: “ Amerciamenta hominum. The 
 lord has a right to the amercements of his men, even though those 
 amercements are inflicted in the king’s court. The amercements are 
 paid into the royal exchequer, and then the lord petitions that they may 
 be paid out to him.” 
 
I4 0 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 that the application of these penalties in aid of the triennial 
 of 1352, shall include those to be levied si bien deinz Frann- 
 chises come dehors; although the king’s answer includes the 
 proviso scntves a chescnn Seignur lour fraunchises sanz nulle 
 emblemissement , 1 a study of the tax accounts (already de¬ 
 scribed in detail) has shown no evidence that the lords ob¬ 
 tained any portion of the penalties. Further, the king’s 
 answer to a petition as to the distribution of the penalties, 
 presented just when the subsidy was about to expire, ends as 
 follows : Et si finer ale ter me du grant du dit excesse al Seint 
 Michel proschein a venir, apres queu terme eit chescun Seig¬ 
 nur sa Fraunchise tiele come il avoit devantr From the 
 evidence just presented, it seems a fair inference that the 
 lords were considered by the crown to have certain claims 
 to these penalties as well as to others; that these claims 
 were, however, not recognized during the running of the 
 two subsidies, and that the short gap between the two 
 was not sufficiently long for the matter to come up, but 
 that, after Michaelmas, 1354, the question would have to 
 be dealt with by the exchequer. Since a clause in the 
 charters granted to the conspicuous franchise holders in¬ 
 cluded the right to levy through their own agents and for 
 their own use the various forms of penalties imposed on 
 delinquents proved to be “ their men and tenants,” it was 
 naturally assumed that such a clause would include the 
 penalties under discussion, the importance of which had 
 been made thoroughly clear during their application to the 
 subsidies. That the lords were not slow to perceive the 
 possibility of advantage to themselves is proved by the ap¬ 
 pointment, undoubtedly at their instigation, of special jus¬ 
 tices of labourers to act within their liberties as distinct 
 
 1 Rot. Pari., ii, 238a; cf. p. 107, and notes 2 and 3. 
 
 'Rot. Part., ii, 258a; cf. p. 130. 
 
DISPOSITION OF THE PENALTIES 
 
 141 
 
 from the county at large, 1 —obviously a great gain to the 
 owners of the liberties who could thus levy the penalties 
 with much less effort than if the estreats relating to their 
 own tenants were to be mixed up with those for the county. 
 For 1354, just before the end of the subsidy, there are five 
 such commissions, for 1355, three, and then between March 
 and November of 1356, eighteen, nearly half of the total 
 of forty-two commissions for that year. 2 For the first 
 twelve or eighteen months after the end of the subsidy the 
 exchequer was fully occupied in collecting the arrears of 
 penalties, none of which belonged to the lords, but toward 
 the end of 1356, traces of this new disposition of the penal¬ 
 ties would naturally appear. The sudden increase during 
 the spring and summer in the number of the special com¬ 
 missions, is perhaps the result of the crown’s acceptance of 
 the rights of the lords; these rights are certainly implied in 
 the phraseology of the writs for payment of wages to the 
 justices of labourers, issued the previous February, 1356: 
 de finibus, redempcionibus et exitibus tarn ad inagnates et 
 alios virtute libertatum eis per nos et progenitores nostros 
 concessarum .... quant ad nos pertinentibusd It is note¬ 
 worthy in view of the later discussions that excessus is 
 omitted. A few months later, however, just at the time 
 of the greatest increase in the number of special commis¬ 
 sions, a test case comes up in the exchequer so important in 
 its results that its history must be given. 4 
 
 The archbishop of Canterbury, relying on a royal 
 charter bestowing on his predecessors and their succes- 
 
 1 Cf. pp. 37-40. 2 App., 36-41, and p. 20. 
 
 3 App., 368. During this same winter when Edward, duke of Corn¬ 
 wall, claims the penalties imposed on his tenants before Bray, justice of 
 labourers in Middlesex, the court adjourns for consideration; Mem. L. 
 T. R., 31, Mich., Precepta, rot. 1, Lond. and Midd. 
 
 4 See app., 373-379, for a complete series of documents relating to 
 this claim. 
 
142 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 sors the familiar right to penalties imposed on their 
 “ men and tenants,” even though in the king’s courts, 
 had, according to custom, claimed these penalties at the ex¬ 
 chequer, and had been met with a refusal on the part 
 of the barons to allow him those imposed before the 
 justices of labourers. The archbishop complained to 
 the king and succeeded in obtaining a writ of the great seal 
 directed to the treasurer and barons, dated 18 October, 1356, 
 bidding them either make the allowances or send to the king 
 immediately a certified statement as to their reason for re¬ 
 fusal. The barons chose the latter alternative and quoted 
 the clause of the statute of labourers to the effect that after 
 the end of the subsidy the penalties including excessus were 
 to be levied ad opus Regis and that this clause precluded 
 the possibility of any other disposition of the penalties. 
 The matter evidently caused considerable discussion in the 
 king’s council and was too important to be settled instantly 
 by that body; therefore, on 28 October, another writ is is¬ 
 sued to the barons bidding them delay proceedings until the 
 meeting of the next parliament, still some months off, in 
 order that the whole question can be there more thoroughly 
 discussed. As a matter of fact, during* the interval, the 
 agitation must have continued, for on 8 February, a writ 
 of the privy seal directs that all the special commissions of 
 labourers shall be repealed on the ground that from them 
 tout plain des mals et erreurs sont auenuz ,—perhaps a refer¬ 
 ence to these difficulties in the interpretation of the law. 1 
 The substance of the writ appears in the conclusion of the 
 new form of the commissions and the list of justices of 
 labourers issued during the same month omits private juris¬ 
 dictions. 2 The rolls for the parliament of 10 April-16 May 
 
 1 App., 31. 
 
 2 App., 25-27; 41. These commissions are dated three days earlier 
 than the writ of privy seal, presumably by a clerical error. In a note 
 
DISPOSITION OF THE PENALTIES 
 
 143 
 
 1357 are > most unfortunately, lost, so that no echo of the 
 fuller discussion reaches us, although its positive results 
 remain in the form of two statutes: the first grants a trien¬ 
 nial tenth and fifteenth but specifies that this time an en¬ 
 tirely different set of penalties is to go to the communities 
 in aid of the tax; 1 the second adds to the clause in the 
 statute of labourers, quoted by the barons, the amendment 
 that lords whose charters give them fines, issues and amerce¬ 
 ments shall henceforth, as is their legal right, have fines, 
 issues and amercements under the statutes of labourers, pro¬ 
 vided that they contribute their share to the salaries of the 
 justices." The series of documents for the payment of jus¬ 
 tices' wages now include this proviso. 3 The barons, there¬ 
 fore, while forced to admit the legality of the lords' claims, 
 succeeded in diminishing their profits to this extent, and as 
 will appear, made use of a technicality for still further di¬ 
 minishing them. It seems more than probable that during 
 the subsidy the value of these special penalties had been 
 forcibly realized by the lords, and that by a successful as- 
 
 to the introduction of State Trials of Edw. /, xlv, the editors quote 
 Hengham’s statement as to such errors: “ quia in cancellaria et alibi in 
 uno et eodem die unus clericus ponat unam datam et alius aliam.” 
 
 1 Statutes, 31 Edw. Ill, st. 1, c. 13; cf. p. 131, and note 2. 
 
 ! App., 18. 
 
 z E.g., Claus., 33, m. 8, 11 Nov.; a writ to the sheriff to pay the 
 wages of two justices of labourers in Oxfordshire runs as follows: “ Pro- 
 uiso quod domini libertatum qui proficuum de finibus, redempcionibus 
 et amerciamentis predictis iuxta libertates suas percipiunt, vadiis illis 
 pro rata proficui per ipsos inde percepti contribuant, iuxta formam sta- 
 tuti inde prouisi.” The same phrase appears also in the writ to the 
 barons to allow this payment in the sheriff’s account; Mem. K. R., 
 34, Mich., Breu. Baron., rot. 15 d. Evidently the lords often failed to 
 pay their share; e. g., the sheriff of Staffordshire accuses the duke of 
 Lancaster of neglect of his duty, and the duke pleads guilty and promises 
 to pay; Placita de Scaccario, 34 Pasch. Similar instances occur passim 
 throughout this roll. 
 
144 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 sertion of their claims to a portion of them, they prevented 
 a third grant to the communities. 
 
 The procedure is now as follows: a given claimant 
 obtains from the king a writ to the treasurer and 
 barons ordering them, in view of a royal charter and 
 in accordance with the new statute, to make from 
 time to time such allowances as are due. The claim¬ 
 ant, having previously received from the justices of 
 labourers the estreats of the penalties imposed on his 
 tenants, sends into the exchequer the schedule of names and 
 amounts, and appears yearly in person or through his bailiff 
 or attorney at the time that the sheriff is rendering his ac¬ 
 count, 1 and claims that he has a right to levy for his own use 
 and through his own agents the sums noted in the schedules. 2 
 When the claimant has demanded a specific amount, three 
 points must now be proved to the satisfaction of the ex¬ 
 chequer before it can make the due allowance in the sheriff’s 
 account: i. the delinquents named must be shown to be 
 tenants of the claimant; 2. the penalties must be shown to 
 have been imposed subsequently to the opening of the par¬ 
 liament in which the new statute had been made; 3. the 
 penalties must be shown to be fines, issues, and amerce¬ 
 ments but not “ excess;” for it is asserted by the barons that 
 4 ‘ excess,” not being mentioned in the charters, goes to the 
 crown direct. 3 It is worth remembering that on a previous 
 
 1 App., 378 - 279 ; 382-383. 
 
 2 £ 7 . Mem. K. R., 33, Pasch., Breu. Baron., rot. 6 d, 11 May, Pro 
 comite Richemund’, for an order to the barons to bid the justices of 
 labourers deliver to the bailiff of the earl the estreats of certain penal¬ 
 ties under the statutes; also ibid ., 33, Mich., Recorda, Anglia, 20 Oct., 
 for a similar order to the barons. Later it appears that both the barons 
 and the earl’s bailiff had begun to levy these penalties; therefore a writ 
 of supersedeas stops the proceedings of the former; Mem. K. R., 35, 
 Mich., Breu. Baron., rot. 20, 13 Nov. Cf. p. 147, note 5. 
 
 :( Mem. L. T. R., 33, Mich., Precepta, rot. 2; an examination of the 
 
DISPOSITION OF THE PENALTIES 
 
 145 
 
 occasion the exchequer’s insistance on this distinction in 
 just the reverse way had served the purpose of increasing 
 the income of the crown. 1 As to the first of the three points 
 mentioned, the sheriff must report under oath to the barons, 2 
 but in the case of the last two, the claimant must obtain a 
 royal writ, addressed this time to the justices of labourers, 
 bidding them send into the chancery certified statements as 
 to the date of the penalties 3 and the separation of fines from 
 excess; 4 these certificates are then sent to the barons with 
 still another writ of the king, ordering them to act as the 
 law demands. 5 The data are now all before them, and 
 they proceed to make the allowances or not, according to the 
 circumstances of the case, the final outcome, of course, be¬ 
 ing recorded on the Pipe Roll.® If a given claimant has an 
 adverse decision or if he fails to prosecute his claim within 
 the limit of time assigned, he is liable to be sued by the ex¬ 
 chequer for the amount claimed tanquam de claro debitor 
 
 charter granted by king Henry shows that the abbot of Westminster 
 and his successors “ habeant omnes fines propriorum hominum suorum 
 ex quacumque causa venerint et coram quibuscumque iusticiariis facti 
 fuerint. In qua quidem carta nulla fit mencio de aliquibus excessubus 
 
 } 9 
 
 • * » • 
 
 1 Page 103. 2 App., 383-384. 
 
 3 App.,386; see also writ attached to the Warwick roll, app., 216-217. 
 
 4 App., 384-386; the purpose of the writ to the justices quoted p.64, note 
 3, was to order them to make this distinction between fines and excess. 
 
 5 App., 386. 6 App., 387-388. 
 
 7 Mem. L. T. R., 34, Trin., Precepta, De summis balliuorum, Surr’ 
 Sussex. In regard to the claim of the archbishop of Canterbury to cer¬ 
 tain penalties before the justices of labourers he is ordered to obtain the 
 usual certificate from the justices: “ Iniunctumque est eidem archiepis- 
 copo quod interim sequaturquod certificacionem dictorum iusticiariorum 
 habeat hie ad dictas octabas alioquin tunc fit execucio versus ipsum 
 archiepiscopum de predictis xi li. xviii d. tanquam de claro debito.” 
 Cf. also Mem. L. T. R., 35, Mich., Precepta, rot. 8 d, in regard to a 
 similar claim of the abbot of Westminster: “Ad quern diem predictus 
 abbas non prosequitur allocacionem de predictis xii li. xiii s. vi d. de 
 quibus oneratus est . . . Ideo fiat execucio ad opus Regis de predictis 
 xii li. xiii s. vi d.” Cf. also app., 384. 
 
146 enforcement of the statutes of labourers 
 
 Although the test case as to the primate had resulted in 
 a statute admitting that de jure these penalties belonged to 
 the lords, it is to be noted that the exchequer succeeded in 
 the contention that the penalties for the period between the 
 end of the subsidy and the enactment of the amending 
 statute belonged to the crown. Instances occur when lords 
 who, during this interval had levied the penalties for their 
 own use,—undoubtedly acting in good faith, especially in re¬ 
 gard to those imposed by the special justices serving within 
 their liberties,—were obliged to refund the amount to the 
 crown. The case of the duke of Cornwall is to the point; 
 he acknowledges that he had levied the penalties in Oxford¬ 
 shire and Berkshire during the years just before the new 
 statute and is charged with the amount; 1 a similar con¬ 
 fession for the county of Northampton has similar results.* 
 The sheriff of Bedfordshire and Buckinghamshire says that 
 he ought to have levied the penalties for several years past 
 within the liberties of the duke in the honour of Walling¬ 
 ford and Berkhamsted but has not done so because the duke 
 had already levied them. The duke admits the truth of the 
 statement and is charged with the amount. 3 A brief refer¬ 
 ence has been already made to the unusually large number 
 of claims to penalties made by the magnates of the counties 
 of Warwick and Leicester, after the statute of 1357, and 
 to their impatience at the necessity of separating fines from 
 excess as well as separating estreats of sessions of the peace 
 from those of sessions for labourers; it seems probable that 
 these complaints were the decisive factor in bringing about 
 the consolidation of the two commissions. 4 
 
 1 Mem. L. T. R., 32, Mich., Precepta, rot. 7, Oxford and Berks. 
 
 5 App., 379 - 382 . 
 
 3 Mem. L. T. R., 32, Hill., Precepta, rot. 6 d, Bedf. and Bucks .; 
 special justices were appointed within this liberty of the duke on 26 
 March, 1356; app., 140. 
 
 4 Pages 23-24. 
 
DISPOSITION OF THE PENALTIES 
 
 H 7 
 
 In addition to the claimants who have based their claims 
 on charters including the right to amerciamenta hominum, 
 there is also a small group, which, lacking any such general 
 franchise, receives from the king during this decade, for 
 either a limited or an indefinite period, specific grants of the 
 penalties under the statutes; to this group belong the king’s 
 two sons, Edmund 1 and John, 2 and the Carthusians of 
 Henton and of Witham, 3 the latter obtaining their privi¬ 
 leges as a result of complaints to the king of their peculiar 
 difficulties. It is interesting to see that within the palatinate 
 of Chester the prince of Wales makes an exactly similar 
 grant of the penalties to an abbot. 4 The legal aspect of this 
 type of claims involves no special problems and the pro¬ 
 cedure is the same as that already described; 5 but it is signi¬ 
 ficant that even here the “ excess ” is not included. 
 
 To obtain accurate knowledge of the exact number 
 of the claimants and of the amounts they finally re¬ 
 ceived, and of the relation of these amounts to the total 
 
 *Pat., 32, pt. 1, m. 3, 23 June, “Pro Edmundo de Langele, filio 
 Regis;” also ibid., m. 2, on the same date. The grant is in aid of the 
 repairs on his castle of Coningsburg and other buildings. 
 
 2 Pat., 32, pt. 1, m. 4, 27 June, “ Pro comite Richemundie;” the fines 
 are in aid of repairs on his castle of Richmond and other buildings: 
 “ habenda, leuanda et percipienda per manus balliuorum seu ministrorum 
 dicti comitis per extractas iusticiariorum predictorum eisdem balliuis seu 
 ministris liberandas, quamdiu nobis placuerit absque aliquo nobis inde 
 reddendo.” Cf. also Writs of Privy Seal, Chancery, Series I, File 374, 
 no. 23, 870, 27 June, 32 Edw. III. 
 
 3 App., 389-390. 
 
 4 Chester Recognizance Rolls, no. 41, m. 2, 18 Dec., 32 Edw. Ill; 
 “ Carta abbatis de Valle Regali de finibus et amerciamentis operariorum 
 et artificum.” The grant is said to be “ de gracia nostra speciali et in 
 opere caritatis.” 
 
 5 See e. g., Mem. L. T. R., 35, Pasch., Recorda, rot. 10, Norffolchia, 
 “ De Iohanne comite Richemund’ de clameo finium et amerciamentorum 
 operariorum.” Cf. p. 144, note 2. The letters patent are of course en¬ 
 rolled in the course of the process. 
 
X 4 8 enforcement of the statutes of labourers 
 
 revenue from these penalties, a careful statistical study 
 should be made of the cases on the Memoranda Rolls and 
 of the corresponding entries on the Pipe Rolls. Some thir¬ 
 teen claimants by charters have come under my observation, 
 ecclesiastics and the king’s immediate family dividing between 
 them the gains resulting from the statutes: 1 the former 
 include the primate, 2 five abbots, 3 and three bishops, 4 * while 
 Edward, as duke of Cornwall and as prince of Wales ? 
 figures almost as frequently as his cousin, Henry of Lan¬ 
 caster; 6 the two queens make up the list. 7 Even through 
 the medium of this imperfect study of the claims of the 
 lords of franchises it is possible to see the importance at¬ 
 tached by them as well as by the crown, to the penalties 
 under the statutes of labourers. 
 
 In coming to the end of the subject of the penalties, there 
 
 1 There is in the Record Office a manuscript list which I neglected to 
 examine in which is recorded an abstract of the claims of the lords to 
 fines in general; cf. Scargill-Bird, Guide , 330. My list may easily not 
 be complete; and I give merely a few references to the processes on the 
 Memoranda Rolls, in order to show the procedure in use. 
 
 2 App., 378-379; special justices had been appointed within his liber¬ 
 ties; app., 140. 
 
 3 Peterborough, Mem. L. T. R., 33, Mich., Recorda, rot. 14; Fecamp, 
 app., 382-388; Ramsey, Mem. L. T. R., 33, Mich., Recorda, rot. 2d; 
 Reading, ibid. , 34, Mich., Precepta, rot. 5, Oxford et Berks.; West¬ 
 minster, p. 145, note 7. Of these only the first and the fourth had ob¬ 
 tained special justices; cf. app., 139. 
 
 4 Carlisle, Mem. L. T. R.,33, Mich., Recorda, rot. 15 d; Winchester, 
 ibid ., 34, Mich., Precepta, rot. 5 d, Oxford and Berks.; Worcester, 
 
 ibid., 34, Hill., Precepta, rot. 6, Warwick and Leicester. None of 
 these had special justices. 
 
 6 Mem. L. T. R., 33, Mich., Recorda, rot. 16, Lincoln’. 
 
 6 Ibid., rot. 15, Lincoln’. 
 
 ’Isabel, Mem. L. T. R., 31, Hill., Precepta, rot. 6, Notts, and 
 Derby; Philippa, ibid. , 34, Pasch., Precepta, Kent. These last four 
 had special justices; app., 140-141. 
 
DISPOSITION OF THE PENALTIES 
 
 149 
 
 are two aspects that need special emphasis: first, that the 
 exchequer maintained a persistent control over the proceed¬ 
 ings of the justices of labourers through its determination 
 to secure the penalties; and second, that the king and coun¬ 
 cil were acting steadily in close connection with the ex¬ 
 chequer and in supervision of it. Frequently it has ap¬ 
 peared that royal writs stopped exchequer action in a given 
 case; and it is, of course, to be remembered that the treas¬ 
 urer was a member of the council. 3 The figures of the 
 amounts of the penalties as far as they have been ascer¬ 
 tained and the eagerness to establish a right to the penal¬ 
 ties shown by the taxpayers in relation to the subsidies, by 
 the lords in their claims and by the exchequer at every 
 stage, give a vivid impression of the importance of the 
 statutes in the eyes of the community and afford conclusive 
 proof that they were not at this time dead letters. The 
 justices of labourers who were clearly doing their work 
 with effectiveness and with an honesty not below the gen¬ 
 eral standard of contemporary official morality, must be 
 regarded as an important factor in local administration. 
 
 1 Cf. e. g., Mem. L. T. R., 33, Hill., Breu. Ret., Norf’, a writ to the 
 justices of labourers ordering them to deliver their estreats into the ex¬ 
 chequer, “ vt execucio pro leuacione finium . . . fieri valeat,” signed 
 “per ipsum thesaurarium et alios de consilio.” Also Mem. K. R., 24, 
 Trin., Commissiones, etc., York, W. R. and N. R., a writ to the 
 barons bidding them see that the collectors account, signed “per ipsum 
 thesaurarium et consilium.” 
 
PART II 
 
 THE ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS IN THE 
 OLD LOCAL COURTS AND IN THE CENTRAL COURTS 
 
 The organization by the crown of the office of justice of 
 labourers for the express purpose of executing the new 
 labour laws is not the only method by which they were en¬ 
 forced. They are included as a matter of course in the 
 jurisdiction of the court of king’s bench and of the court 
 of common pleas; but it is by no means equally obvious that 
 they would also come within the competence of the old local 
 courts. The relation of these latter courts to this national 
 legislation must now be considered. 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CHAPTER I 
 
 THE OLD LOCAL COURTS : COMMUNAL COURTS OF THE COUNTY 
 
 AND OF THE HUNDRED; SEIGNORIAL COURTS, FEUDAL 
 AND franchise; MUNICIPAL COURTS 
 
 From the point of view of the administration of law, the 
 most striking phenomenon of the fourteenth and fifteenth 
 centuries is the development of the justices of the peace, and 
 the gradual transfer to these crown-appointed and crown- 
 controlled officials of all the more important powers of the 
 old local courts of the county, the hundred, and the manor. 1 
 As part of the same movement of concentration in the hands 
 of the central government of control over questions form¬ 
 erly left to local authorities, must be regarded the short¬ 
 lived experiment of the establishment of a separate set of 
 crown-appointed officials for the regulation of economic mat¬ 
 ters. An account has already been given of the process by 
 which the justices of labourers were finally merged in the 
 justices of the peace and the enforcement of the economic 
 legislation became a permanent part of the duties of the 
 latter. 2 The long transition period, lasting at least a hun¬ 
 dred and fifty years, during which the two series of courts, 
 quarter sessions and the old local courts, existed side by 
 side, must contain many instances of duplication of ma¬ 
 chinery and of conflict of jurisdiction, involving exactly 
 
 1 Beard, Justice of the Peace, 16-17. The decay of the old local courts 
 included a decrease of the judicial and police functions of the sheriff; cf. 
 Medley, Eng. Const. Hist., 392-393. 
 
 2 Pt. 1, ch. i, ss. 1 and 2. 
 
 153 
 
1 54 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 the same problems that arise within the first ten years after 
 the Black Death. During this limited period and for the 
 present subject it is the relation between the old courts and 
 the separate sessions of the justices of labourers that is 
 especially important, since the joint commissions of the 
 peace and for labourers were in force for only a small part 
 of this period. 
 
 In dealing with this problem there are two specific points 
 to be settled. First, what portion of the substance of the 
 ordinance and the statute was already, previous to 1349, 
 being enforced by the local authorities? Second, did this 
 national legislation come within the competence of the old 
 local courts ? The material for an exhaustive discussion of 
 these two points exists in abundance and deserves the full¬ 
 est examination; my conclusions are unfortunately based 
 on a very insufficient study of the sources, and must be 
 regarded merely as tentative and indicative of the direction 
 that future research should take. 1 
 
 The provisions of the ordinance and statute fall naturally 
 into three main groups: the restrictions on wages and 
 prices; the interference with the mobility of the labourer; 
 the enforcement of the contract between employer and 
 employee. 2 The first of these, as related to the whole 
 mediaeval theory of reasonable price, has attracted the great¬ 
 est share of attention from economic historians. In their 
 
 endeavor to connect these provisions with earlier ones of 
 
 • 
 
 1 For the sake of illustrating as completely as possible all phases of the 
 relation of the statutes to the community, it seems wise to undertake 
 this inadequate survey of the subject. The account of the sources is 
 necessarily so slight that it is presented in the footnotes instead of in 
 the appendix. 
 
 2 The prohibition of alms to able-bodied beggars is omitted from this 
 discussion. For a more detailed analysis of the measures, cf. pt. 1, ch. 
 ii, s. 3. 
 
THE OLD LOCAL COURTS 
 
 155 
 
 a similar type they usually lay stress on the assizes of bread 
 and ale as examples of economic regulations made by the 
 central government and applied to the kingdom as a whole, 1 
 although enforced in the local courts, 2 the sheriff’s turn, 8 
 and the leet, either seignorial, 4 or borough. 5 Still more 
 direct antecedents of the wages and price clauses of the 
 ordinance and statute are the regulations of the craft gilds 
 and of the municipal authorities. 6 The earliest limitation 
 of wages that I have seen was issued by the London 
 authorities in the twelfth century or even before, and af¬ 
 fects various artisans in the building trades. 7 During the 
 next century and a half, regulations either drawn up by 
 members of trades and approved by the London municipal 
 authorities, or originating with the latter, follow each other 
 in quick succession. 8 They include prices of victuals, and 
 
 1 Introduction, p. 3, note 2. 
 
 2 Among the presentments in the leets and turns there are “those 
 never ceasing breaches of the assizes of bread and beer.” Pollock and 
 Maitland, Hist. Eng. Law, ii, 519-520. 
 
 3 Ibid., i, 558-560. 
 
 4 By prescription or by special grant certain lords claimed the view of 
 frankpledge and the right to hold a court co-ordinate with the sheriff’s 
 turn. “ The lord who has the view usually has the assize of beer, more 
 rarely the assize of bread also.” Ibid., i, 580-582. 
 
 5 Ibid., i, 657-658; cf. also Records of the Borough of Nottingham and 
 Leet Jurisdiction in Norwich. 
 
 6 For an account of this subject, see Gross, Sources of Eng. Hist., 
 under Boroughs, Gilds and Municipal records in index; also his Bib. 
 of Municipal Hist. In a recent monograph on the Eng. Craft Gilds 
 and the Government, Miss Kramer maintains that the municipal author¬ 
 ities authorized and approved the gild ordinances. 
 
 7 “ De conditione operariorum;” printed by Cunningham, Growth of 
 Eng. Industry and Commerce, i, 567-568. 
 
 8 Easily available in the Calendars of the Letter-Books of the city, ed¬ 
 ited by Sharpe, and in the volumes edited by Riley, Memorials of Lond. 
 and Munimenta Gildhallae, including Liber Albus, Liber Custumarum 
 and Liber Horn. Lib. Cast., in Mun. Gildhallae, ii, 86, contains an 
 
! 5 6 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 wages in many crafts, the givers as well as the takers of 
 excess rates being liable for penalties. The point to be 
 emphasized is the striking similarity between the phrase¬ 
 ology of these local regulations and that of the national en¬ 
 actments. It is especially noticeable in the regulations for 
 glovers of January, 1349, which refer in general terms to 
 the rates prevailing a few years ago, and were, as the date 
 shows, issued but five months before the great ordinance. 1 
 Similarly, the specifications of 1350 of rates of wages for 
 carpenters, masons etc ., 2 might easily be inferred to have 
 served as models for the corresponding specifications in the 
 statute of labourers. Although the prices of victuals seem 
 to have been constantly supervised in the leets, both borough 
 and seignorial, and in the sheriffs’ turns, specific rates of 
 wages were established and enforced only by the gilds and 
 by the town authorities, and therefore concerned artisans 
 alone. Previous to the ordinance, wages of agricultural 
 labourers were apparently regulated by custom only, and 
 no instance has come to my notice of the promulgation of 
 a definite rate.' 1 
 
 The interference with the mobility of the labourer result¬ 
 ing from the new legislation consists partly in the actual 
 
 ordinance as to wages issued as early as 1212. Toward the end of the 
 same century a royal writ orders the observance of the prices and wages 
 ordained by the common council of the city; Lib. A/bus, in A/un. Gild- 
 hallae, i, 251, 289 and 334; Cal. Letter-Book A, xi. 
 
 1 Cal. Letter-Book F, 200; translated and printed in Memorials of 
 Lond ., 245-247. Denton, Eng. in Fifteenth Century , 311, refers to an 
 ordinance of Fitz Ailwine, mayor of London, as the origin of the ordi¬ 
 nance of labourers of 1349. He may have meant the regulations of 1212, 
 given in Lib. Cust. ( cf. supra, note 8), but I see no evidence for Den¬ 
 ton’s theory. 
 
 ! Cal. Letter-Book F, 212; printed in Memorials of Lend., 253-258. 
 
 ’*The wording of the ordinance of 1349 shows clearly, however, that 
 previous to the plague certain customary rates had been generally ac¬ 
 cepted as normal. 
 
THE OLD LOCAL COURTS 
 
 157 
 
 prohibition of departure in summer from the residence of 
 winter, and partly in the implication of the compulsory ser¬ 
 vice clause, which insisted on the acceptance by a labourer 
 of work, if offered at the legal rate, and thus forbade his 
 going forth in search of higher wages. Of the practical 
 results of villein status none is more obvious than the fact 
 that a villein is adscriptus glebae and has no right to leave 
 the manor. 1 The enforcement of the lord’s authority in 
 this matter was within the competence of the manorial 
 courts, and their rolls are full of instances of the flight of 
 villeins, of orders to attach the fugitives, and of records 
 of payment of chivage for license to live outside the manor. 2 
 Ft is worthy of note that previous to 1349, restrictions on 
 the mobility of the free labourer, whether working in agri¬ 
 culture or in handicraft, or on his right to be an idle vagrant 
 if he chose, had not been imposed in any court ; in fact, 
 one of his most essential privileges had been that he could 
 go whither he liked, 3 provided of course that he was not 
 breaking a contract. This brings up at once the question 
 of the provision of the ordinance for the enforcement of 
 contracts between employer and employee, a provision that 
 has been strangely neglected by commentators. 
 
 At this date unwritten contracts could not be enforced 
 
 ' Vinogradoff, Villainage in England , 77, 143, 157-158; Page, End 
 of Villainage , 10-12. 
 
 2 Vinogradoff, op. cit., 157; Page, op. cit., 12-13. Cf. also Vinogra- 
 doff’s review of Page in E. H. R., xv, and Davenport, Norfolk Manor, 
 
 73 - 
 
 3 Vinogradoff, op. cit., 77, 79, especially note 3, and 143. It is not 
 within the scope of this monograph to discuss the problem of the ex¬ 
 tent to which the process of commutation of services at this date had 
 gone, or the question of the existence of the free agricultural labourer; 
 cf. Page, op. cit., passim, for the whole subject. The provisions of the 
 ordinance and of the statute certainly imply a widespread system of 
 money wages. 
 
T 58 enforcement of the statutes of labourers 
 
 in the courts of king’s bench and of common pleas; it re¬ 
 mained for the fifteenth century gradually to evolve the 
 action of assumpsit as a common-law remedy in such cases. 1 
 There is, however, abundant evidence to show that con¬ 
 tracts of this type came under the jurisdiction of the old 
 local courts, of the manor, of the hundred, 2 and of the 
 borough. A few instances must be quoted that are di¬ 
 rectly concerned with the covenant between employer and 
 employee. In 1275, in the abbot of Ramsey’s court in the 
 Fair of St. Ives, a servant who admits breach of contract 
 with his master, is ordered by the court to complete his term 
 of service; 3 in 1301, in the court of the manor of the lord 
 of Ruthin, actions are brought, under the head of breach 
 of contract, against a servant for departure within the term 
 agreed upon, and against a master for enticing the servant 
 
 bollock and Maitland, op. cit., ii, 196, 219-222. I am not attempting 
 to present an account of the complex subject of contract in English law, 
 nor do I touch on the jurisdiction of the church and of the court of chan¬ 
 cery, but will merely refer to some available sources: the chapter on 
 “ Contract” in v. ii of the work quoted supra; Principles of Contract 
 by Pollock; also '‘Contracts in Early Eng. Law” in Harvard Law 
 Review , vi, by the same author; “Assumpsit” and “Parol Contracts” 
 by Ames, ibid. , ii and viii; “ Early Eng. Equity” by Holmes in Law 
 Quarterly Review, i; “ Hist, of Contract” by Salmond., ibid. , iii. 
 
 2 1 must express my sincere thanks to Mr. G. J. Turner for having 
 called my attention to the importance of the enforcement of unwritten 
 contracts in the courts of the manor and of the hundred. The most em¬ 
 phatic statement in print is by Maitland in his introduction to the Little- 
 port court roll: “It is hard to believe that these Littleport villans, who 
 dared not send their children to school without their lord’s leave, were 
 very ready with the pen, or that when they made agreements about 
 their petty affairs, they procured parchment and ink and wax and 
 a clerk. . . . The old ‘ folk law ’ may have required forms enough; but 
 there seems no absurdity in the supposition that at the beginning of the 
 fourteenth century, the local courts were already enforcing formless 
 agreements.” Court Baron, 115-116. 
 
 3 Select Pleas hi Manorial Courts, 156-157. “ Conuencio ” or “pac¬ 
 
 tum ” is the term. 
 
THE OLD LOCAL COURTS 
 
 *59 
 
 from the service of the plaintiff ; 1 in 1318, in the bishop of 
 Ely’s court at Littleport, actions for breach of contract 
 against a seamstress, 2 and against a carrier of sedge, 3 both 
 result in damages for the plaintiffs. The evidence from 
 boroughs is equally conclusive; custumals of the twelfth 
 and the thirteenth centuries discuss breach of covenant on 
 the part of a nurse, also of a weaver, 4 and forbid the hiring 
 of servants who are in the service of another. 5 It is clear 
 that these conuenciones were not in writing or under seal; 
 in fact, in one of the above instances witnesses to the en¬ 
 gaging of the servant are advised in order that there should 
 be no difficulty in proving the contract. 6 The London 
 regulations as to wages usually include the prohibition of 
 
 1 Ruthin Court Rolls, edited for the Cymmrodorion society, 47. I am 
 indebted to Mr. Turner for this reference. 
 
 2 Court Baron, 115. 3 Ibid., 125. 
 
 4 Boi'ough Customs, ed. M. Bateson, i, 215. 5 Ibid., i, 215-217. 
 
 6 /bid., i, 217. Cf. also ibid., ii, introduction, lxxx: “The special 
 characteristic of the borough law of agreement, as contrasted with the 
 common law of the fourteenth century, was its acceptance of the valid¬ 
 ity of the ‘ tides facta ’ as sufficient to bind a bargain and give an action 
 for breach of covenant in the borough court. The contract was formal, 
 though a once elaborate ceremonial had been gradually reduced to the 
 simplest of forms, a mere grasp of hands. The burgess who could 
 * affy,’ if he could not find a gage or pledge, who gave his faith on the 
 bailiff’s rod, who in Lent offered affidation in lieu of the oath, could 
 pledge himself by the hand-clasp, an act visible, audible, that could be 
 witnessed of sight and hearing; and if a party to the agreement sought 
 remedy, the borough court, and perhaps some other of the local courts, 
 gave the action for breach of covenant. . . . All this was contrary to 
 the doctrines which the royal courts were laying down at the end of the 
 thirteenth century, when they limited the sphere of the action of cov¬ 
 enant to the case in which a deed could be produced.” 
 
 It is to be observed that this “formal contract” is somewhat differ¬ 
 ent from the “formless agreements” described by Maitland; cf. supra , 
 p. 158, note 2. Miss Bateson, while her introduction was still in pro¬ 
 cess of writing, expressed her own belief that the enforcement of 
 unwritten contracts had originated in the borough courts and that the 
 practice had spread thence to the other local courts. 
 
t6o enforcement of the statutes of labourers 
 
 the employment of a servant who is bound by agreement to 
 another master. 1 The frequency with which in actual prac¬ 
 tice unwritten contracts between master and servant were 
 enforced in the local courts can be determined only by a 
 thorough examination of the manuscript sources, 2 but the 
 fact that such contracts could be enforced in these courts is 
 proved beyond doubt. 
 
 The conclusion, therefore, in regard to the first of the 
 two points under discussion is that except for the specific 
 limitation of agricultural wages, and for the interference 
 with the mobility of the free labourer, provisions similar in 
 character to the new legislation were already being carried 
 out in the local courts; but with a marked difference. Un¬ 
 der the old scheme, a few of the regulations, notably the 
 assizes of bread and ale, were framed by the central govern¬ 
 ment, and were put into effect by the existing local authori¬ 
 ties, but by far the greater number of the provisions were 
 devised as well as enforced by the local authorities and 
 thus varied in different localities; whereas the enactments of 
 1349 and 1351, as has long been recognized, emanated from 
 the central government, applied uniformly to the whole 
 country, and were administered chiefly by officials both ap¬ 
 pointed and supervised directly by the crown. This dis¬ 
 tinction between the old method and the new at once brings 
 up the second point. Did these national enactments come 
 within the competence of the old local courts? 
 
 The ordinance, so strangely neglectful of assigning duties 
 
 1 Page 155, note 8, supra. An entry in Lib. Aldus, in Mun. Gild- 
 hallae, i, 214, is to the point: “ Item, accouns de dette sount mayn- 
 tenables par usages des simples grauntz, et dassignementz, et de 
 plegiage, et de covenaunt. simplement sauncz especialtee.’’ 
 
 2 Professor Maitland told me that it was his impression that the en¬ 
 forcement of the contract between master and servant was not very 
 common in the courts of the manor and of the hundred. 
 
THE OLD LOCAL COURTS 
 
 161 
 
 to the special justices responsible for its enforcement, 1 states 
 that actions against takers and givers of excess wages are to 
 be brought in the court of the lord of the place in which the 
 offence occurred, and that lords if guilty of infringement of 
 the ordinance, are to be sued in the court of the county, 
 wapentake, or trithing, or in any other of the king’s courts. 
 Proof of refusal to serve for legal wages is to be made be¬ 
 fore two witnesses in the presence of the sheriff, bailiff, 
 lord or constable ; mayors and bailiffs of towns are bound 
 to enforce the victuallers’ clause. 2 The net result of 
 these rather confused administrative provisions certainly 
 gives the impression that the old local courts were to deal 
 with the ordinance; in the case of the statute, however, 
 there is no warrant for any such assumption, since no 
 courts are mentioned save quarter sessions. As far as my 
 limited investigation goes, 3 the facts of the case are as fol¬ 
 lows. The one county court record for this decade that I 
 
 l See p. io. 2 App., 9“ii. 
 
 3 Rolls of the communal courts, that is of the old county courts, and 
 of hundred courts not in private hands are rare; cf. Select Pleas in 
 Manorial Courts , introduction, xv. Rolls of seignorial courts, how¬ 
 ever, exist in great abundance, both of the ordinary feudal courts of the 
 manor and of the hundred, and of franchise courts; and are to be found 
 in all the great repositories, e. g ., the British Museum, the Bodleian, 
 the Cambridge University library, and the Public Record Office, as well 
 as in many private collections. (For these latter, cf. the reports of the 
 Hist. MSS. Comm.) For an account of printed rolls, see Gross, 
 Sources of Eng. Hist., s. 57, “Local Records and Local Annals;” 
 also Davenport, Classified List of Printed Court Rolls. The number 
 in print is being steadily increased each year. 
 
 The group in the Record Office though including some hundreds of 
 rolls (see List of Court Rolls, Lists and Indexes , no. vi) is small in 
 comparison with the total number in existence. As it was impossible 
 for me to make an exhaustive study of even this group, still less to ex¬ 
 amine rolls in other archives, I endeavored merely to gain an impres¬ 
 sion of the attitude of these courts toward the statutes. For this pur¬ 
 pose I went through some 50 rolls for the decade 1349-1359, selected 
 
162 enforcement of the statutes of labourers 
 
 have discovered, contains many indictments for the giving 
 and taking of excess wages “ contrary to the statute 1 a 
 fair proportion of the rolls that I have examined, of the 
 hundred courts and of the ordinary manorial courts (not 
 counting the court leets) include among a relatively larger 
 number of the usual entries, scattered instances 2 of offences 
 against the new legislation, usually for the receipt of ex¬ 
 cess wages and for breach of contract by the eloigning of 
 servants already in service. In the case of the latter class 
 of actions it is exceedingly difficult to determine whether 
 they are based on the ordinance, or whether they are simply 
 the old actions of covenant that have already been in use 
 in the local courts. A comparison of the form of the action 
 for breach of contract brought on the ordinance of labourers 
 in the Hereford quarter sessions, 3 with a similar action 
 brought in the Ruthin manorial court at a date previous to 
 1349, 4 reveals exactly the same phraseology in both cases, 
 with the addition in the former of contra statutnm after 
 de placito conuencionis. In the manorial courts after 1349 
 
 quite at random, and in these I noted all instances of offences against 
 the labour legislation; cf. app., E. The results of such a limited in¬ 
 vestigation have value only if these few rolls are typical of hundreds of 
 others; my own belief is that they may be so considered, but it is, of 
 course, possible that some future investigation will prove that this belief 
 was ill-founded. 
 
 1 While examining Chester Assize Rolls ( List of Plea Rolls, no. iv) 
 in my search for sessional records, by accident I stumbled across a roll 
 of a county court from which I print extracts in the appendix, (391-392), 
 inasmuch as so few county court records have as yet been discovered. 
 Mr. Turner, however, who is preparing for the Selden society a volume 
 on the old county court, warns me that it is not safe to infer the action 
 of a court of a normal county from that of a county palatine. 
 
 2 The courts of Ruyton are an exception and are dealing with an un¬ 
 usually large proportion of offences against the statutes; cf. app., 397- 
 399 - 
 
 3 App., 185. 
 
 4 Ruthin Court Rolls, 47; cf. pp. 158-159. 
 
THE OLD LOCAL COURTS 
 
 163 
 
 the entry is sometimes de placito conuencionis simply, 1 and 
 sometimes noui statuti is added ; 2 but it seems perfectly pos¬ 
 sible that this latter phrase is often omitted through care¬ 
 lessness or that it is not considered essential. The records 
 of the borough court of Nottingham contain for the decade 
 1349-1359 several cases dealing with unwritten contracts 
 between master and servant; 3 but curiously enough it is the 
 master who is being sued for breaking an agreement to em¬ 
 ploy the servant, not a usual occurrence at this date. Al¬ 
 though these cases are subsequent to the enactment of the 
 ordinance, there is no indication that they are based on it; 
 it is more than probable that they are examples of the 
 validity of parol contracts in borough law. 
 
 In answering the question as to the competence of the old 
 local courts to deal with the new labour laws it must be 
 confessed that the phrase noui statuti so frequently found 
 may conceivably in contemporary usage refer to the ordin¬ 
 ance only; so that my inadequate researches do not prove 
 beyond doubt that the measure of 1351 as well as that of 
 1349 was being enforced. Fortunately, however, a case re¬ 
 corded a few years later affords conclusive evidence that 
 the statute, not the ordinance, is the enactment on which the 
 action is brought 4 and, therefore, establishes the fact that 
 the jurisdiction of these courts extended to the national 
 
 1 App., 394-395 • 2 App., 394 • 
 
 3 Records of the Borough of Nottingham, ed. Stevenson, i, 158-159, 
 
 166-167. Cf. Maitland, introduction to Littleport court roll, Court 
 Baron, 118. For bibliography of material on boroughs, see supra, p. 155, 
 note 6; for parol contracts in borough courts, cf. supra , p. 159, note 6. 
 
 4 An entry on the court roll of Forncett records the withdrawing of a 
 labourer from the vill and from the lord’s domain contrary to the statute 
 and to the prohibition of the steward. Davenport, Norfolk Manor, 73, 
 and note 3. Professor Page wrote me in March, 1904, that he had seen 
 many cases in the court records dating both before and after the rising 
 of 1381, in which fines were imposed for violation of the statutes. 
 
j64 enforcement of the statutes of labourers 
 
 legislation in its entirety. 1 The regularity with which the 
 jurisdiction was exercised can be learned only by an ex¬ 
 tensive study of the sources, but it seems unlikely that this 
 phase of the enforcement of the statutes was important in 
 comparison with the vigorous administration effected by the 
 special justices appointed for the purpose. 2 
 
 Even if the local courts made use of their rights spas¬ 
 modically, there must have been some instances of conflicts 
 of jurisdiction and some occasions on which a given in¬ 
 dividual ran the risk of being punished twice for the same 
 offence. My only definite information on this point is in re¬ 
 gard, not to the communal courts or the ordinary feudal 
 courts, but to seignorial courts that were the result of a 
 special franchise and therefore included the right to enforce 
 the assizes of bread and ale. In Warwickshire, 3 a long list 
 of such franchise-holders complain to king and council that 
 their tenants are being punished by the justices of labourers 
 for the infraction of these two assizes, even when they have 
 already been fined for this offence in the seignorial court. 
 The petitioners succeed in obtaining royal writs addressed 
 to the justices quoting the clause in the supplementary 
 statute of victuallers as to the rights of the holders of 
 franchises, 4 and ordering the justices to cease proceedings 
 against delinquents who had been already fined in the lords’ 
 courts. Exactly the same course of events takes place in 
 
 ’This is contrary to the view expressed by Professor Beard in Justice 
 of the Peace , 56: “ Unless specially mentioned the statutes did not fall 
 within the competency of private jurisdictions.” 
 
 2 Creighton’s theory that the act applied especially to fugitive villeins 
 and would have been inoperative except on the basis of the manorial 
 court as the unit of government is certainly wide of the mark. Hist, 
 of Epidemics, i, 183. 
 
 3 App., 219-221. 
 
 4 App., 220. 
 
THE OLD LOCAL COURTS 
 
 165 
 
 Herefordshire, 1 whereas in Wiltshire, 2 where a large part 
 of the work of quarter sessions is concerned with the pun¬ 
 ishment of offending brewers and bakers, there is no trace 
 of any protest on the part of the franchise-holders. It is 
 more than probable that the solution of what might other¬ 
 wise have proved a serious difficulty lay in the fact that the 
 profits of jurisdiction were deemed more important than the 
 jurisdiction itself. The owners of franchises had been suc¬ 
 cessful in their contention that to them belonged the penal¬ 
 ties imposed in quarter sessions on their tenants for in¬ 
 fringement of all clauses of the statutes of labourers; it was 
 natural, therefore, that they should prefer to leave to the 
 justices of labourers the troublesome task of convicting of¬ 
 fenders while they themselves with very little effort secured 
 the pecuniary advantage of such convictions. 3 
 
 Assize Rolls, Hereford, 313; see app., 189-192, for a portion of this 
 roll. The entry just quoted is too illegible for transcription. 
 
 2 App., 228-234. 
 
 3 If my explanation is correct, it is clear that Mr. Savine presents a 
 somewhat exaggerated account of the situation when he writes: “The 
 agents of the King and of the common law, the justices of assize and 
 the justices of peace, entered into the sacred precinct of the manor in 
 order to control the relations between the lord and his villeins.” 
 “Bondmen under the Tudors,” in Trans. Royal Hist. Soc., xvii, 254. 
 
CHAPTER II 
 
 CENTRAL COURTS! COURT OF KING'S BENCH AND COURT OF 
 
 COMMON PLEAS, I349-I3 
 
 It has already been shown that actions on the statutes 
 of labourers, brought in the first instance before the justices 
 of labourers, were occasionally removed to a higher court, 
 that of the king and council, of the chancellor, or of the 
 king’s bench; 1 it remains necessary to ascertain the extent 
 of the original jurisdiction over the statutes exercised by 
 both the court of king’s bench and the court of common 
 pleas. 
 
 (i) The treatment of the sources .—The choice of the 
 
 * 
 
 most effective method of dealing with the great mass of 
 material in existence has been a difficult one. 2 On the one 
 
 *Pt. i, ch. ii, s. 7 and app., 239-241. 
 
 2 The exigencies of this portion of my subject have led me here as in 
 pt. ii, ch. i, to depart from my plan of describing the sources in the ap¬ 
 pendix, and, instead, to discuss them in the text and in the footnotes. 
 The brief summary of official records given in this note will be followed 
 by further analysis in the remaining sections of this chapter. 
 
 Court of common pleas. 
 
 De Banco Rolls. Classified by regnal year and law term, and so 
 listed in List of Plea Rolls; they are unindexed and there is no guide 
 to their contents except the name of the county on the margin of each 
 action. Normally there is one roll for each term, consisting of from 
 about 400 to 600 membranes, each membrane being about three feet 
 long and about nine inches wide, closely written on both sides. 
 
 Court of king’s bench. 
 
 Coram Rege Rolls. The same description applies, except that the 
 number of membranes in each roll is considerably less than in the De 
 Banco rolls, varying between 200 and 300. 
 
 Ancient Indictments. For an account of these, see app., 143. The 
 series is made up largely of Coram Rege indictments. 
 
 Coroners’ Rolls. See List of Plea Rolls , Select Cases from Coroners' 
 166 
 
CENTRAL COURTS 
 
 167 
 
 hand, from the point of view of the vigor of the attempt 
 to enforce the statutes during the years 1349-1359, the es¬ 
 sential requirement is an enumeration of all the actions on 
 the Plea Rolls of both courts for the whole decade, supple¬ 
 mented by information derived from the Controlment Rolls, 
 Coroners’ Rolls, and Ancient Indictments. A limitation, 
 however, to these official records and to this short period 
 would preclude the possibility of using the unofficial evi¬ 
 dence contained in the Year Books, since the majority of 
 reported cases on the statutes belongs to the latter part of 
 the reign; and neglect of the reports would mean failure 
 to present a sufficient account of the legal issues involved 
 in the interpretation of the statutes by the upper courts. 
 On the other hand, from the point of view of law, an ex¬ 
 haustive treatise (Fitzherbert’s is by no means adequate) 
 can be written only on the basis of a study of all the re¬ 
 ports dealing with the statutes, down to the reign of Henry 
 VIII, as well as of the corresponding records; such a study 
 should also include the Rcgistrum Brevium, Novae Nar- 
 rationes, Fitzherbert’s commentary in his New Natara 
 Brevium, his abridgment, and those of Statham and 
 Brooke. 1 For this purpose the printed Year Books will 
 not answer. The editions of Mr. Pike have not yet reached 
 the Black Death; 2 while the old editions omit the years 
 
 Rolls , ed. Gross, and app., 413. Among the Coroners’ Rolls proper 
 there are a few rolls of exigends of offenders convicted in the two upper 
 courts with cross-references to the Plea Rolls. Pardons for outlawry are 
 recorded on the Patent Rolls. 
 
 Controlment Rolls and Gaol Delivery Rolls have neither of them 
 been included in my search; for the former, see Scargill-Bird, Guide to 
 the Public Records , 168, and for the latter, ibid., 170, and List of Plea 
 Rolls. 
 
 J For exact titles and dates of publication, see my bibliography. 
 
 2 Published in the Rolls series. The Selden Society editions are for 
 the reign of Edw. II. 
 
!68 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 31-37 Eclw. Ill, 1 and the entire reign of Richard II, 2 and 
 are frequently erroneous or misleading. It would there¬ 
 fore be necessary to establish authoritative versions of the 
 text by an examination and collation of all the manuscript 
 Year Books,—a task evidently beyond the scope of the 
 present work. 3 
 
 The course adopted for my investigation is a compromise 
 and as such has no claim to completeness. I extended my 
 period to the death of Edw. Ill, and using the seventeenth- 
 century edition of the Year Books, I noted for 1349-1377 
 all the reports of cases on the statutes or involving the 
 statutes, a total of 33, distributed between the two courts. 1 
 An examination of the three great abridgments showed 
 that Fitzherbert had discovered 10 additional reports, two 
 of which are for the date for which there are no printed 
 Year Books. 5 A search through the manuscript Year 
 Books in the British Museum and in the libraries of Cam¬ 
 bridge University, of Lincoln’s Inn, and of the Temple, had 
 chiefly negative results; the 33 reports appeared in approxi- 
 
 ‘This is equally true of the edition of 1678-1680, and of the numerous 
 sixteenth-century editions. 
 
 2 Bellewe’s compilation to some extent supplies the reports of the 
 reign of Richard. 
 
 3 It is scarcely necessary to add that Professor Maitland’s incompar¬ 
 able editions for the Selden Society will ever remain the ideal to which 
 future editors will strive to approximate, and that his introductions are 
 invaluable for the whole subject of reports and records. 
 
 4 A comparison of this edition of 1678-1680 with the various sixteenth- 
 century editions in the Boston Public library, the Harvard Law library 
 and in the Library of Congress, did not increase this total. The cases 
 in the earlier editions are not only the same as those in the later, but 
 identical in form and phraseology. Cf. Pike, in introduction to the 
 Year Books of 12 and 13 Edw. Ill, xxxii, and also Soule, “ Year Book 
 Bibliography,” in Harvard Law Review, xiv, 568. 
 
 5 The abridgments of Statham and Brooke give many of the same 
 cases but add no new ones. 
 
CENTRAL COURTS 
 
 169 
 
 mately the same form as in the printed editions; only one 
 more report was found 1 and not a single one of Fitz- 
 herbert’s additional ten cases. His sources are therefore 
 still to be sought. 2 
 
 Fortunately these 44 reports are fairly intelligible even 
 in their present versions and touch on nearly all the im¬ 
 portant points of law arising from the enforcement of the 
 statutes, but need of course to be corroborated and inter¬ 
 preted by the records. In turning to the Plea Rolls, my first 
 object was to discover the reported cases; 3 while looking- 
 for these, I took brief notes on all actions on the statutes 
 or involving the statutes (whether reported or not) that 
 had reached at least the stage of an attachment, 4 and in 
 some rolls I made a count of all such actions that were 
 merely begun. Since my search was necessarily rapid, it 
 
 *App., 419-420. 
 
 2 Professor Maitland was interested in the problem of finding the 
 sources used by Fitzherbert, and was good enough to aid me in my 
 search in Cambridge. 
 
 3 Unless possessed of technical legal knowledge, one scarcely dares 
 venture into the realm of Plea Rolls, without a special apology to Mr. 
 Pike, so earnestly has he sought to deter the layman from such an 
 attempt. See his “Action at Law in the Reign of Edw. Ill: the Re¬ 
 port and the Record,” in Harvard Law Review , vii, 267-268. Both he 
 and Professor Maitland, however, have done far too much to show the 
 value of Plea Rolls to make it possible to leave them untouched. 
 
 With only limited time at my disposal, the main difficulty in finding 
 the records of the Year Book cases lay in the fact that the mistakes as 
 to year and term in the reports dealing with the statutes exceeded even 
 the usual number of such errors; also that there was often no clue as to 
 court, and that in some of the reports, notably in those given only by 
 Fitzherbert, too few details of the actions appeared to render identifica¬ 
 tion certain. The form of the actions on the statutes, however, made 
 them comparatively easy to pick out, even in a rapid glance at a mem¬ 
 brane; moreover, I was fortunate in having much patient help and 
 many useful suggestions from Mr. G. J. Turner, whose knowledge of 
 the Plea Rolls is unrivalled. 
 
 K Including of course all that reached further stages. 
 
I JO ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 is possible that occasionally a case was overlooked, and 
 since only about a quarter of the total number of Plea Rolls 
 was examined, the resulting information does not allow 
 absolutely dogmatic statements as to the working of the 
 statutes; it is, however, based on the study of a suffi¬ 
 ciently large proportion of the facts to warrant definite 
 conclusions as to the attitude of the courts and as to the 
 general trend of legal interpretation. 
 
 My method of treatment has therefore taken the follow¬ 
 ing form. First: in the appendix, I give a list of the 44 
 reports with cross references to the abridgments and to the 
 Plea Rolls, and examples of writs from the Registrum 
 Brevium; I also print thirteen typical reports and the cor¬ 
 responding records (when possible), and a few extracts 
 from Coroners’ Rolls and Ancient Indictments. Second: in 
 my text, on the basis of the data obtained from the Plea 
 Rolls, I have compiled a few statistics 1 as to the frequency 
 of actions on the statutes, the status of the offenders, the 
 nature of the verdicts etc .; and further, I discuss from all 
 the above sources the most important questions of law con¬ 
 nected with the statutes. 
 
 (2) Numerical account of the actions on the statutes of 
 labourers. —As far as could be ascertained from the Year 
 Books, the distribution of the 44 reported cases between 
 the two upper courts was as follows: 2 3 * king’s bench, 4; 
 common pleas, 24 certainly, and 7 probably; 8 no clue to 
 court, 9. The preponderance of reports for the court of 
 common pleas established a presumption that the majority 
 of the 16 doubtful cases would belong to it rather than to 
 
 1 A caution has just been given as to the nature of these statistics. 
 
 ? App., 416-419. 
 
 3 Fitzherbert’s extra cases; 3 of the 10 were clearly in the common 
 
 pleas. 
 
CENTRAL COURTS 
 
 171 
 
 the court of king’s bench, 1 and resulted in an examination 
 of a larger number of De Banco than of Coram Rege Rolls. 2 
 
 The following account will show the extent of my re¬ 
 searches in these two series. For the period extending 
 from the beginning of the twenty-fifth year of Edw. Ill to 
 the end of his reign, assuming one roll for each law term, 
 there should be 107 rolls in existence for each court. 3 Of 
 the De Banco Rolls 1 made a complete examination of 41, 
 —between a half and a third of the total number,—as well 
 as a partial examination of 6. 4 Counting only those ac¬ 
 tions on the statutes or involving the statutes that are fin¬ 
 ished, or that are argued out to an issue of law or of fact, 
 or that have at least reached the stage of an attachment of 
 the defendant, it appears that the 41 rolls contain 270 cases, 
 and the 6 rolls, 18, an average of 6 y 2 cases per roll or 
 per term. 5 If this average be maintained through the 
 remaining 60 terms,—there seems no reason to doubt that 
 it will be,—there will be for the whole reign about 700 
 cases. Further, on each roll there are many instances where 
 it is recorded that the plaintiff has brought a writ, but 
 where there is no indication that the defendant has ever 
 been produced, or that any subsequent process ever takes 
 
 1 The form of writs in the Registrant is given for both courts; cf. p. 175, 
 note 1, for references. 
 
 2 It has already been emphasized that my primary object was the iden¬ 
 tification of the reported cases; cf. s. 1. 
 
 3 There are in reality not quite so many. Of the De Banco Rolls six 
 are missing, while the 37th year has two rolls for the Easter term, a 
 total of 102; the compiler of the List of Plea Rolls , in numbering these 
 rolls consecutively, has by a slight error omitted the number “385.” 
 Of the Coram Rege Rolls two are missing, leaving a total of 105. 
 
 4 In each of these, the reported case chanced to occur early in the roll, 
 thus obviating the necessity of reading all the membranes. 
 
 5 The two may be considered as synonymous, since there is only one 
 exception. 
 
172 
 
 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 place in court. 1 2 A conservative estimate of the ratio be¬ 
 tween the number of records of this type and the number 
 of those first described is about eleven to one, showing* that 
 there were, roughly speaking, 7700 actions that never went 
 beyond the initial stage. The addition to these figures of 
 the 700 cases already referred to results in a total of about 
 8400 suits brought in the court of common pleas between 
 1351 and 1377. 
 
 For the king’s bench, my investigation was unfortunately 
 less extensive, and my results therefore less conclusive. 
 Only 12 Coram Rege Rolls were examined; they contain 
 24 cases, varying from 4 to 1 per roll or per term, an aver¬ 
 age of 2. Assuming this average to hold for the remaining 
 95 terms, there will be a little over 200 cases for the whole 
 reign, corresponding to the 700 in the other court. It is 
 also to be noted that one of the rolls contains an important 
 record consisting of proceedings begun before a joint com¬ 
 mission of the peace and for labourers, and removed into 
 the court of king’s bench. Undoubtedly there are more 
 such cases, not originating in this court, and therefore not 
 to be included in the present discussion." The ratio be¬ 
 tween the number of actions in which only the plaintiff 
 appears and the number of those in which further stages are 
 recorded, differs in degree from the corresponding ratio in 
 the other court, being only about 3 to 2. 300, therefore, 
 
 will represent the number of these unfinished actions, and 
 500 the total number of suits brought in the court of king’s 
 bench during this period of twenty-six years. Since the 
 bulk of the De Banco Rolls exceeds that of the Coram Rege 
 
 1 1 do not know what happened in such cases; cf. p. 207, note 1, for 
 an explanation of the blanks on the rolls in actions that had reached 
 later stages. 
 
 2 App., 250-254 and p. 97. 
 
CENTRAL COURTS 
 
 173 
 
 Rolls, averaging perhaps three times as great, 1 the smaller 
 total of cases in the king’s bench dealing with the statutes 
 bears approximately the same relation to the number of ac¬ 
 tions on all other subjects in this court as does the larger 
 total of cases on the statutes in the common pleas to all 
 other actions recorded on its rolls. 
 
 In accordance with the estimates just given the combined 
 figures for the two courts are: 900 for the first type of re¬ 
 cords, and 8000 for the second, a total of nearly 9000. With¬ 
 out statistics as to the frequency of the other common forms 
 of actions, covenant, debt, trespass vi et armis etc., an ac¬ 
 curate appreciation of the relative numerical importance of 
 the actions on the statutes is impossible, but the conclusion 
 is certainly warranted that the upper courts were a valuable 
 factor in the enforcement of the labour legislation. More¬ 
 over, it is clear that, as indicative of widespread economic 
 disturbance, the actions that are only begun are precisely as 
 significant as those that are argued out, and that for a 
 period of twenty-six years and in a population of about two 
 millions and a half, 2 nearly 9000 cases, involving from two 
 to five or six individuals each, represent a considerable 
 amount of litigation. 
 
 Apart from this attempt to calculate the probable total 
 number of actions, my investigation of the work of the 
 upper courts is based chiefly on a detailed analysis, from 
 various points of view, of the 288 De Banco cases and the 
 24 Coram Rege cases that reached the stage where both 
 plaintiff and defendant made their appearance. The dis¬ 
 tribution of these 312 cases according to the county in 
 which the action is brought is as follows: London, 48; Nor¬ 
 folk, 21; York, 19; Cambridge, 18; Northampton, 16; Kent, 
 15; Suffolk, 14; Lincoln, 12; Buckingham, 11; Essex, Dor- 
 
 1 Cf. p. 166, note 2. 
 
 2 Cf. pp. 1-2. 
 
174 enforcement of the statutes of labourers 
 
 set and Leicester, io each; Surrey, 9; Middlesex, South¬ 
 ampton, Warwick and Wiltshire, 8 each; Hertford, 7; Bed¬ 
 ford, Berkshire and Oxford, 6 each; Devon, Gloucester, 
 Somerset and Sussex, 5 each; Huntingdon, 4; Rutland and 
 Stafford, 2 each; Derby, Northumberland, Nottingham, 
 Westmoreland and Worcester, 1 each; name of county 
 illegible, 9. The three counties palatine are, of course, 
 omitted, but except for Cornwall, Cumberland, Hereford 
 and Shropshire, all the other counties are represented. 1 
 London, with nearly a sixth of the whole number of cases, 
 has more than its share, possibly because of its propinquity 
 to the seat of the court of common pleas; but on the whole, 
 it may be said that the enforcement of the statutes of 
 labourers by the upper courts was not sectional but was 
 fairly uniform throughout the kingdom. 
 
 (3) Clauses of the ordinance and of the statute on which 
 the actions are brought .—It has been already shown that 
 the justices of labourers in their sessions, while occasionally 
 dealing with all clauses of the legislation, gave the fullest 
 measure of their energies to the punishment of the receipt 
 of excess wages and excess prices; 2 precisely the same 
 statement is true in regard to the juries that were making 
 presentments before the king’s bench for offences against 
 the ordinance and the statute, as recorded in the series of 
 documents known as Ancient Indictments. 3 Further pro¬ 
 cess as to these presentments should be sought on the Coram 
 Rege Rolls of corresponding years and terms; my researches 
 in this direction were but slight and did not solve the prob¬ 
 lem of the ultimate fate of such indictments or of their con¬ 
 nection with the work of the court of king’s bench. 4 The 
 
 1 It is more than probable that these counties will appear on the re¬ 
 maining rolls. 2 Pt. 1, ch. ii, ss. 3, 4 and 5. 3 Cf. s. 1 and app., F, 1. 
 
 4 Is it possible that the suggestion made on p. 68 is true here also and 
 that these presentments were considered conclusive evidence of guilt? 
 
CENTRAL COURTS 
 
 175 
 
 ✓ 
 
 writs printed in the Registrum 1 cover all the essential 
 clauses of both ordinance and statute, except the price 
 clause; namely, departure of a servant, retention of an¬ 
 other’s servant, compulsory service, excess wages, rights 
 of lords, service by the usual terms and the summer and 
 winter clause. One is therefore led to expect to find on the 
 Plea Rolls records of suits brought under these various 
 forms of writs, especially suits on the wages clause, so 
 frequent in Ancient Indictments. 
 
 The result of an analysis of the 312 cases occurring on 
 the 59 rolls examined does not fulfil this expectation. I11 
 the court of common pleas there are 277 cases on the con¬ 
 tract clause, either for departure or for retention, or for 
 both; 2 2 cases on the compulsory service clause, 3 and 2 on 
 the statute of the 35th year. 4 There are also 7 cases in- 
 
 1 Reg. Brev. Orig., 119, 189-191; Reg. Brev. Jud., 27-28. See app., 
 411-413. Most of these writs appear in the middle of the Registrum in 
 that section described by Maitland as an appendix, since it includes 
 “ Brevia de Statuto,’’ i. e., writs on comparatively new statutes; “ Reg¬ 
 ister of Original Writs,” in Harvard Law Review , iii, 100. I exam¬ 
 ined in the Harvard Law library nine editions of the Natura Brevium , 
 printed between 1525 and 1584, but did not find a single instance of 
 writs on the statutes of labourers. 
 
 2 The references to all these cases would take too much space, but in 
 the course of this chapter many of them will be referred to specificallv. 
 
 The Registrum includes three forms of writs on the contract clause: 
 first, against a servant for departure before the end of his term; 
 second, against an employer for the retention of a servant who had thus 
 illegally departed ; and third, against both servant and employer 
 for departure and retention respectively; 189. 
 
 3 De Banco, 38, Trin., 86, Camb.; 46, Hill., 102, York and 46, Pasch., 
 221 d, York. 
 
 *Ibid., 41, Trin., 248 d, Line.; 45, Trin., 247, Camb. and 46, Trin., 
 361, Camb. 
 
 For the discussion of the date of this statute, cf. p. 25, note 1. 
 O n R 35 De Banco and 8 Coram Rege Rolls were examined for the 
 period subsequent to its enactment. 
 
37 6 enforcement of the statutes of labourers 
 
 volving the statutes, 6 of which refer to the contract 1 and 
 one to the compulsory service clause. 2 In the court of 
 king’s bench there are 22 cases on the contract clause, and 
 2 cases involving the statutes in general. 3 Therefore of 
 the 312 cases, 299 are on the contract clause, and 6 involve 
 it,—a total of 305 ; whereas there are only 2 cases on the com¬ 
 pulsory service clause, and one involving it; 2 on the statute 
 of the 35th year, and 2 involving the statutes in general,—a 
 total of 7. Of actions that have reached merely the initial 
 stage, the 47 De Banco Rolls contain one on the summer 
 and winter clause, 4 9 on the statute of the 35th year, and 
 nearly 60 on the compulsory service clause. The last group, 
 while numerous in comparison with the two that have reached 
 a later stage, in absolute numbers is still far less than the 
 actions on the contract clause in the initial stage, which, 
 roughly speaking, amount to over 2500. Several important 
 suits for breach of contract deal with the rights of lords over 
 their tenants, both villein and free, but no action has come 
 under my observation based directly on this clause, nor a 
 single instance of a case on the wages or price clause. In 
 view of the figures just given it is natural that the rolls of 
 exigends 5 and the pardons for outlawry c should show few 
 examples of infringement of the statutes other than of the 
 contract clause. 
 
 The later legal treatises (not counting the Registrant) 
 reveal the same emphasis on the contract. The form of 
 
 1 Cases 10, 17 and 43, app., F, 5 and 6; case 30, list in app., F, 3; De 
 Banco, 40, Pasch., 175, Suff.; 40, Mich., 175 d, Essex and 41, Trin., 
 312, Essex. Throughout this chapter “ list in app.” refers to the list 
 in F, 3. 
 
 2 De Banco, 50, Hill., 345, Surrey. s App., 213, and pp. 123-124, note 1. 
 
 4 De Banco, 29, Pasch., 135 d, Notts. 
 
 5 Included among Coroners’ Rolls; see p. 166, note 2, and app., 413- 
 
 G Enrolled on the Patent Rolls; see p. 166, note 2, and app., 415. 
 
CENTRAL COURTS 
 
 1 77 
 
 the one count on the statute of labourers given in Novae 
 Narrationes is for an action for departure, 1 and the two pleas 
 recorded in Liber Intrationum are both for departure and 
 retention. 2 Fitzherbert in his commentary touches on the 
 compulsory service and the summer and winter clauses, and 
 on the relation of the lord to his villein, but for the first 
 two gives no reference to reported cases; he omits the 
 wages clause altogether and lays all the stress on the terms 
 of the contract/ 5 It is significant that Brooke in mention¬ 
 ing the summer and winter clause merely quotes Fitz- 
 hert’s remarks. 4 The conclusion from all the above data 
 is certainly warranted that, in sharp contrast to what was 
 happening in quarter sessions, the two upper courts were 
 concentrating their attention on the enforcement of the con¬ 
 tract clause of the ordinance. 5 An explanation of this 
 phenomenon must be attempted. 
 
 It is, of course, clear that the receipt of excess wages and 
 of excess price was a question of fact the truth of which 
 could be easily and legitimately determined by justices of 
 labourers and their juries; while the question of contract 
 involved legal problems needing the opinion of the trained 
 and learned lawyers of the upper courts. 6 It is also true 
 that a breach of contract would naturally be worth while 
 to a servant only if he were enabled thereby to secure higher 
 wages than he was already receiving. The writs for de- 
 
 1 App., 413. 
 
 2 * ‘ Statuta de laboratoribus contra magistrum et seruientem qui placi- 
 tant licenciam etc.,” xxxii f.; “ Narratio versus seruientem qui recessit 
 ante finem termini;” lxve. The latter is given in the table of contents 
 but I have not succeeded in finding it. 
 
 2 New Natura Brevium, 388-392. 
 
 4 La Graunde Abridgement, Laborers, 51. 
 
 5 Leaving aside the puzzling question of the presentments in Ancient 
 Indictments. 
 
 6 1 am indebted to Professor Vinogradoff for this suggestion. 
 
iyg ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 parture and retention as given in the Registrum include 
 the significant phrase facta . . . promissione . . . de 
 salario plus solito recipiendo , 1 and although on the Plea 
 Rolls the writs are usually shortened by the omission of 
 just this phrase, even here it sometimes appears. 2 There 
 are instances where the actual figures are mentioned in the 
 count. For example, in an action for departure and re¬ 
 tention it appears that the plaintiff’s terms had been as fol¬ 
 lows: for one servant, 2d. per day and food, for the other 
 servant, a quarter of corn every ten weeks and 7s. a year; 
 while the tempting advance offered by the defendant was 
 12d. per day for each servant. 3 Indirectly therefore the 
 wages legislation was being enforced through the medium 
 of the enforcement of contracts. More important, how¬ 
 ever, than either of the above considerations is the status 
 of the common law in relation to parol contracts. Stress 
 has previously been laid on the fact that at this date only 
 
 contracts based on writing had validity in the courts of 
 
 king’s bench and of common pleas; 4 in a later section 5 it 
 will be shown somewhat in detail that the ordinance ren¬ 
 dered it possible to enforce in these courts agreements be- 
 
 J App., 411. 
 
 2 1 give a few references to writs enrolled on the Plea Rolls which in¬ 
 clude the phrases beginning “ nec ullus eciam mercedes etc.,” or 
 
 “facta . . . promissione etc.,” or both. Case 3, list in app.; De 
 
 Banco; 29, Hill., 59, Bucks.; 69, Norfolk; 29, Pasch., 157 d, Wilts.; 
 152 d, Dorset. Coram Rege; 27, Trin., Shareshull, 45 d, Midd.; 27, 
 Mich., Shareshull, 94, Norfolk; 77 d, Suffolk; 28, Hill., Shareshull, 
 40, Lincoln; 74, Surrey; 59 d, Oxford. My impression is that as the 
 years went by the shorter form of the writ became more usual. 
 
 3 Case 3, list in app. This is the only instance that has come to my 
 notice where wages are as high as those mentioned by Knighton, ii, 
 62, quoted by Professor Tout, Polit. Hist, of Eng., 372. The counts 
 furnish excellent opportunities for adding to our knowledge of the rates 
 of wages. 
 
 4 Pt. ii. ch. i, and especially pp. 157-158, notes 1 and 2. 
 
 5 S. 5. 
 
CENTRAL COURTS 
 
 179 
 
 tween masters and servants, even though not made in 
 writing. 
 
 The significance of the discovery through this analysis 
 of cases that only the contract and compulsory service 
 clauses were dealt with by the two upper courts lies partly 
 in the circumstance that it is thus proved that the ordinance, 
 not the statute, was the essential document, and that dur¬ 
 ing the long period before it was made a statute 1 it had 
 all the force of statute law. 
 
 (4) Classes to which the compulsory service and contract 
 clauses applied. —The analysis of the work of quarter ses¬ 
 sions showed that the juries, in by far the majority of in¬ 
 stances, were making presentments against the takers of 
 excess wages and prices, chiefly agricultural labourers, do¬ 
 mestic servants, victuallers, and representatives of handi¬ 
 crafts, and only very occasionally against members of the 
 employing class, even in contract cases; 2 for practical pur¬ 
 poses it may be said that the justices of labourers were en¬ 
 forcing the law against manual labourers only. It must 
 now be ascertained whether this statement is also to be 
 made of the application by the upper courts of the two 
 clauses of which they took cognizance. 
 
 Compulsory service. The wording of the ordinance is 
 explicit: 3 all able-bodied men and women under sixty. 4 
 
 1 Cf. p. 2, note 8. 
 
 2 See pt. 1, ch. ii, ss. 3, 4 and 5. Suits brought by individuals are so 
 few in comparison with presentments of juries that they need scarcely 
 be counted, but the same description applies to them. 
 
 3 Already summarized and discussed in pt. 1, ch. ii, s. 3. 
 
 4 The minimum age is not indicated. There is some ambiguity in 
 Fitzherbert’s comment: “ An Infant of 12 Years of Age shall be bound 
 by his Covenant to serve in Husbandry . . . although he may spend 
 40 Shillings or 12 Marks by the Year.” New Nat. Brev., 390-391. 
 This seems rather to apply to liability of minors for a contract; cf. 
 pp. 185--186. 
 
l8o enforcement of the statutes of labourers 
 
 both free and bond, not living by trade or handicraft, and 
 without land sufficient to occupy them, are bound to ac¬ 
 cept service with the first employer who offers them work 
 at the legal rate of wages. 1 It is obvious that the clause 
 is not meant to apply to persons above the labouring class, 2 
 and that of the latter it would affect mainly agricultural 
 labourers and domestic servants. The differentiation of in¬ 
 dividuals liable to compulsory labour from those not liable 
 is purely an economic one and naturally causes some diffi¬ 
 culties of interpretation. Accordingly, a petition in parlia¬ 
 ment complains that labourers make insufficient holdings an 
 excuse for idleness; 3 in one reported case issue is taken on 
 the question of the performance of how many services 
 exempts a man from the clause; 4 in another, a labourer, on 
 being put into the stocks for refusal to serve, brings an 
 
 1 Fitzherbert, op. tit., 389: “And if a Man be required to serve, and 
 hath not Lands nor Tenements to live upon, nor other Art or Trade, 
 and he refuseth to serve, then he who requireth him to serve, shall have 
 this Writ . . . .” For the writ cf. app., 412. 
 
 2 Fitzherbert, op. tit., 391: “ He who hath not sufficient Lands of his 
 own to occupy, shall be compelled to serve.” Again: “ And so a Gen¬ 
 tleman by his Covenant shall be bound to serve, although he were not 
 compellable to serve. For if a Gentleman, or Chaplain, or Carpenter, 
 or such which shall not be compelled to serve, yet if they covenant to 
 serve, they shall be bound by their Covenant, and an Action will lie 
 against them for departing from their service.” 
 
 In Reeves, Hist. Evg. Law, ii, 275, a Year Book report of an action 
 for departure against a chaplain (10 H. VI, f. 8, p. 30) is quoted to the 
 effect that the statute “ was not made but for labourers in husbandry; as 
 in the case of a knight, or esquire, or a gentleman, you cannot compel 
 him to be in your service by the statute, for that the statute is not to be 
 understood [but] of labourers who are in grant, and have nothing 
 whereby to live.” Evidently at this date there is some confusion be¬ 
 tween the contract and the compulsory service clauses. 
 
 3 Rot. Pari., ii, 261 b; labourers “ pernent bovees de terre, ou demy 
 bovee, des Seignurs, quele n’est pas sufficiancie pur eux dount vivre, ou 
 estre occupez, de lour excuser de servir par termes ...” cf. also ibid., 
 iii, 17 a, and pp. 73-74 of this monograph. 
 
 * Case 20, app. F, 4. 
 
CENTRAL COURTS 
 
 181 
 
 action of false imprisonment against the official who had 
 administered the penalty, on the plea that he (the labourer) 
 held enough land to secure exemption from the law. 1 Evi¬ 
 dence that employers frequently succeeded in securing this 
 penalty of stocks for labourers unwilling to work is af¬ 
 forded by the numerous instances of actions of trespass in 
 which it appears that such delinquents had been rescued 
 vi et armis from their confinement. 2 At this time of great 
 scarcity of labourers of all kinds, there was inevitably much 
 wandering from place to place of both free men and villeins, 
 seeking to take advantage of the situation by demanding 
 the highest possible wages. In the crisis the ordinance 
 tried to provide labour for employers at the old rates by 
 giving them this right of seizing idle vagrants, and putting 
 them to work; 3 the right is, however, subject to two im¬ 
 portant limitations which must be analyzed later, the pre¬ 
 ference given to former masters in the case of free men, 1 
 and to lords in the case of villeins. 5 
 
 Contract clause. The 299 cases for breach of contract 6 
 fall into three groups: 1. 136 actions brought by masters 
 against servants for departure before the end of their term; 
 2. 116 brought by masters against other masters for re¬ 
 tention of servants out of their service before the end of 
 their term; 3. 47 brought by masters against both servants 
 for departure and other masters for retention. To these 
 
 1 Case 39, list in app. Cf. Reeves, op. cit., ii, 247, for a commentary 
 on this report. 
 
 2 See p. 176, note 2, for a reference to one of these cases. In an action 
 for departure it appears that the plaintiff having found the defendant 
 “ vagantem ” and refusing to work although “ potens in corpore ” and 
 possessing nothing wherewith to live, had caused the constable to put 
 him in stocks until he agreed to make a contract within the terms of 
 the law; De Banco, 51, Pasch., 206, Surrey. 
 
 J See p. 3, and note 1; also, Reeves, op. cit., ii, 247. 
 
 4 S. 5. 5 S. 6. 
 
 6 S. 3. 
 
1S2 enforcement of the statutes of labourers 
 
 must be added the 6 cases involving the contract clause; 
 they include one action of false imprisonment brought by a 
 servant against a master and five actions of trespass vi et 
 armis brought by masters against other masters for taking 
 servants out of their service. It appears therefore that a 
 sixth of the cases for breach of contract are against em¬ 
 ployers as well as servants and that over a third in addition 
 are against employers alone; in contrast then to quarter 
 sessions, the upper courts were making a vigorous attempt 
 to compel the employing class to obey the law. Now to 
 what social and economic status do the delinquent employees 
 belong, for convenience des’gnated by the general term of 
 “servants?” The wording of the ordinance, “reaper, 
 mower, or other workman or servant, of whatever condi¬ 
 tion he may be ” certainly suggests manual labourers, es¬ 
 pecially those occupied in agriculture; but a classification of 
 the employees 1 concerned in the 305 contract cases gives a 
 definite answer to the question. The s ; x involving the con-' 
 tract clause may be dismissed first: they include two vil¬ 
 leins, a labourer, a ploughman and carter, a housemaid, 
 and two servants. 2 The 299 cases are divided as follows: 
 agricultural labourers, 116; 3 household servants, 30; 4 
 
 *In the departure cases, the employees are of course the defendants, 
 but in the retention cases they are not parties to the suit although the 
 cause of the suit. 
 
 2 See p. 175, note 1. 
 
 3 It would take too much space to print all my references to the Plea 
 Rolls; I merely give a list of the occupations represented, some of 
 which appear more frequently than others. Bercarius, carectarius, car- 
 ectarius et carucarius (or order reversed), carucarius, earthwoman, in 
 officio colligendi garbas, in officio custodiendi equos, in officio ad erad- 
 icandum spinas, custos aueriorum, deye, fugator caruce, herbarius, 
 laborarius, communis laborarius, messor, mower, pastor, porcarius, 
 shepherd, tentor caruce, vaccarius. 
 
 4 Ancilla, bona ancilla, communis ancilla, cellarius, cokus, lotrix, 
 nutrex, in officio cariandi aquam, communis seruiens et ad sellas faci- 
 endas, communis seruiens, ostillarius et seruiens demi. 
 
CENTRAL COURTS 
 
 183 
 
 artisans, 30; 1 victuallers, 17; 2 servants, with no account of 
 duties, 36; unclassified, 4; 3 above the class of manual la¬ 
 bourers, 19; 4 occupation illegible or not recorded in my 
 notes, 47. In the 83 doubtful instances it is safe to infer that 
 a third are concerned with agriculture; therefore nearly 
 a half of the total number of “ servants ” are agricultural 
 labourers, half again of these being ploughmen. 5 Of the 
 servants not coming under the head of agricultural la¬ 
 bourers, fully a third came from London alone; as far as 
 the country at large is concerned therefore, the popular be¬ 
 lief that this legislation affected chiefly the tillers of the 
 
 'Building trade: carpentarius, faber, plumbarius, seruiens tegularii. 
 Clothing trade: alutarius, breoderer, cissor, cordewaner, fullator, ser¬ 
 uiens in officio apprenticii pannarii, sutrex, taillor et clothier, textor, 
 zonarius. Various: aurifaber, armirarius, cardemaker, Sagittarius, ser¬ 
 uiens of a sporiere. 
 
 2 Ancilla pro taberna bocher, braciator, braciatrix, garcon ad custodi- 
 endum shopam et ad vendendum carnes, molendinarius, pandoxatrix, 
 pistor, pistor et braciator, pistrix et braciatrix, pulter, tabernarius vin- 
 orum, tapester, vinetarius. 
 
 3 Malieman, marinarius, hobelarius ad arma, seruiens in officio mares- 
 calcie. 
 
 4 For the occupations represented, see pp. 186-187. 
 
 6 Eulogium Historiarum, iii, 214: “ Cessante pestilentia nutu Divino 
 tanta facta est paucitas servientium quod non sunt inventi ad agricul- 
 turam faciendam, pro quorum defectu mulieres et parvuli invise missi 
 sunt ad carucas et ad plaustra fuganda.” Was Chaucer’s description of a 
 ploughman a satire? 
 
 “ With him ther was a Plowman, was his brother, 
 
 That hadde y-lad of dong ful many a fother, 
 
 A trewe swinker and a good was he, 
 
 Livinge in pees and parfit charitee. 
 
 God loved he best with al his hole herte 
 At alle tymes, thogh him gamed or smerte, 
 
 And thanne his neighebore right as hym-selve. 
 
 He wolde thresshe, and ther—to dyke and delve, 
 
 For Christes sake, for every povre wight, 
 
 Withouten hyre, if it lay in his might.” 
 
 —Prologue to the Canterbury Tales , verses 529-538. 
 
184 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 soil receives strong confirmation. The application of the 
 contract clause to members of the victualling trade, to house¬ 
 hold servants, and to agricultural labourers, raises no legal 
 questions, except in regard to the last-named class in those 
 actions in which the plea of villeinage is urged. The dis¬ 
 cussion of this subject is reserved for a future section; 1 
 here it is sufficient to say that there is, of course, no instance 
 of an action against a villein as such for breach of the 
 statutory contract; 2 the lord’s court already had remedies 
 against fugitive bondmen. In the case, however, of arti¬ 
 sans, of apprentices, of minors, and of men above the la¬ 
 bouring class, during the course of Edward’s reign, several 
 interesting problems arose as to the application of the new 
 law. 
 
 Artisans. For a time the contract clause was enforced 
 without question against artisans; 3 but in 1364, in the court 
 of common pleas in an action brought against a carpenter 
 for departure, 4 as learned a lawyer as Bealknap urges on 
 behalf of the defendant that only the excess wages clause 
 applied to a carpenter; the plea is not allowed by the court 
 and the defendant is forced to deny the covenant. Ap¬ 
 parently this precedent was not held sufficient; for, nine 
 years later, in a similar action in the same court against a 
 “ breoderer,” counsel puts in a still more general plea that 
 the clause applied only to servants and labourers, not to 
 artificers; the ruling of the court that the clause applied 
 equally to artificers must have settled the matter. 5 
 
 1 S. 6. 
 
 s The one possible exception to this statement is an action for the re¬ 
 tention of a natiuum et seruientem; see p. 205, note 4. 
 
 3 E. g., De Banco, 30, Pasch., 183 d, Sussex; 33, Pasch., 232 d, Lond. 
 In 30 actions against artisans the question is raised only twice. Cf. 
 Fitzherbert, S7ipra, p. 180, note 2, and Reeves, op. cit., ii, 247. The 
 latter merely quotes the argument in case 40, list in app. 
 
 4 Case 44, app., F, 4. 5 Case 40, list in app. 
 
CENTRAL COURTS 
 
 185 
 
 Apprentices. In one of the earliest cases on the contract 
 clause brought in the court of king’s bench by a draper for 
 the retention of his servant, the latter is described in 
 the count as bound to him for seven years as apprentice in 
 the clothing trade; the plea of the defendants is an action 
 of ravishment of ward pending in the court of common 
 pleas between the same parties for the same cause, and in¬ 
 cludes no reference to the question of apprenticeship. 3 It 
 looks therefore as if at first the courts permitted the con¬ 
 tract clause to apply to apprentices as well as to servants; 
 by 1365, however, it is distinctly ruled that an action for 
 departure on the statute does not lie against an apprentice; 
 the defendant is forced to plead that he was a servant, not 
 an apprentice. 2 
 
 Minors. The clearest statement of the law is in a report 
 of a case of which I have not found the record; 8 in an action 
 
 1 Case 2, list in app.: “ seruientem ipsius Willelmi in seruicio sito, 
 videlicet, in officio apprenticii pannarii . . . nuper retentum ad com- 
 morandum . . . vsque ad terminum septem annorum.” Note from the 
 record. Cf. also the case summarized on p. 211, in which the issue of 
 apprenticeship is not raised. 
 
 2 Case 16, list in app.; cf. also case 31, app., F, 4. There are several in¬ 
 stances of this plea; e. g., De Banco, 47, Hill., 297, Lond. Cf. Fitz- 
 herbert, op. cit., 391: “ And a Man shall not have an Action against an 
 Apprentice upon his Departure, upon the Statute;” also Reeves, of. 
 cit., ii, 247. 
 
 3 Case 27, list in app. In case 12, list in app., it is ruled that the 
 child in question was too young to make a contract but that neverthe¬ 
 less it was illegal to take him out of his service. The question had 
 been apparently decided in the same way some years before; cf. case 6, 
 app., F, 4, a case in which there is a strange difference between the 
 report and the record. Fitzherbert, op. cit., 390: “If a Man take an 
 Infant or other out of another’s Service, he shall be punished, although 
 the Infant or other were not retained.” Hale’s note is based on the 
 reports of my cases 6 and 12: “ See where a Servant was but 9 Years 
 old, in a Writ against him, and the Husband and Wife who had retained 
 him, the Infant was discharged, but the Husband and Wife put to 
 answer, and they plead that he was not retained by them, and Issue 
 
186 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 brought against a child of five for departure and a master 
 for its retention, judgment is given for the defendants, on 
 the ground that since the child is too young to make a con¬ 
 tract, no action lies against him for departure; and since 
 none lies against the principal, there can, therefore, be none 
 against the accessory, the master, for retention. In other 
 words, the contract clause does not apply to minors al¬ 
 though it appears that there is a remedy at common law 
 for the actual “ taking ” of a child out of service. Some¬ 
 where between thirteen and either fifteen or sixteen, depend¬ 
 ing on whether one takes the evidence of the report or of 
 the record of the same case, is the age at which for the 
 purpose of contracting, a child ceases to be a minor. 1 
 
 Above the class of manual labourers. Except in the case 
 of chaplains which I shall discuss at length, there is no evi¬ 
 dence that issue was taken during Edward’s reign on the 
 applicability of the contract clause to men employed for 
 salaries in occupations that cannot be described as merely 
 manual. The records show actions for departure or reten¬ 
 tion involving the following: armiger et camerarius , 2 five 
 balliui , 3 two camerarii et sagittarii 4 two clerici , 5 one of 
 
 taken, but as it seems to me Finchden there takes a good Diversity, if 
 the Servant departs first (where he was never lawfully retained) there 
 an Action does not lie against him who shall afterwards retain him: 
 contra if he be taken with Force, etc.. Action lies, tho he found the 
 Infant Vagrant and retained him.” See also p. 195 and note 4. 
 
 1 Case 26, list in app.; but Fitzherbert and Hale both put the limit a 
 little earlier, i. e., at twelve for a covenant in husbandry; see supra , 
 p. 179, note 4. 
 
 2 Coram Rege, 48, Mich., Cavendissh, 18, Lond. 
 
 3 De Banco, 33, Mich., 250, Hunts.; 39, Pasch., 287 d, Dorset; 50, 
 Hill., 487 d, Norfolk; record of case 33 and case 34, list in app. An 
 analysis of the last is given infra , p. 188, note 2. 
 
 4 Coram Rege, 48, Mich., Cavendissh, 18 d, Lond.; De Banco, 47, 
 Hill., 79, Camb. 
 
 5 Ibid., 46, Pasch., 350 d, York; 47, Hill., 377 d, York. In the latter 
 
CENTRAL COURTS 
 
 187 
 
 whom is a school-teacher, decanns decannatus , 1 hospiciar- 
 ius, 2 mercator , 3 a man who had been retained m officio ad 
 colligendum elemosinas Sancti Antonii et Sancti Spirit us," 
 senescallus . 5 The pleas are all perfectly commonplace, issue 
 being taken on mere questions of fact,—permission to depart, 
 difference of dates of contract, lack of payment, denial of 
 retention or of departure. It is true that a plea to the ef¬ 
 fect that the statute was not applicable to this class of em¬ 
 ployees, if not allowed by the court, would not have found 
 its way on to the records; it would, however, almost surely 
 have been noted by some reporters and therefore appeared 
 in the Year Books ; 6 the silence of the latter for the reign 
 of Edw. Ill, confirmed by the evidence of the above cases, 
 certainly proves that at this time the contract clause was 
 applied very generally. 
 
 Chaplains. Objections were made only in the case of 
 chaplains. In this instance also it is important to use the 
 records of cases not reported as well as the reports; the 
 former afford conclusive proof that for a time writs based 
 on the contract clause were upheld by the courts against 
 chaplains just as against bailiffs and school-teachers. There 
 
 the defendant had been retained by the plaintiff: “ad deserviendum ei 
 in arte sua, videlicet, ad adiscendum scolares suos in scolis suis grama- 
 tice.” Cf. in Gasquet’s Great Pestilence , 48, a quotation from Contin- 
 uatio Chronici Guillelmi di Nangiaco: “And few were found who 
 could or would teach children the rudiments of grammar in houses, cities 
 or villages.” 
 
 * De Banco, 42, Hill., 381 d, Norfolk. 
 
 2 Ibid., 49, Mich., 77 d, Suffolk. 
 
 3 Ibid., 46, Mich., 644, Lond. 
 
 4 Ibid. , 50, Mich., 471, Wilts. Ibid., 49, Trin., 250 d, Leic. 
 
 6 In case 33, list in app., an action for departure, the defendant had 
 merely denied the retention; the reporter quotes the case for a point on 
 the law of contract, and it only appears from the record that the defend¬ 
 ant’s occupation was that of a bailiff. 
 
188 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 are several cases where issue is taken on questions of fact,— 
 denial of retention or reasonable cause for departure; 1 but 
 at the very end of the reign a successful attempt is made to 
 take chaplains out of the category of those against whom 
 an action on the ordinance could be brought. In the first 
 case in which the change is noted the report is exceedingly 
 condensed; 2 to the plaintiff’s count that the defendant had 
 broken a covenant to be seneschal and to celebrate divine 
 services, the plea is urged that he had merely been retained 
 to chant masses—which does not come under the statute; no 
 argument is given either in report or record. The report and 
 record of the second case, a year later, are more explicit ; 3 the 
 
 'De Banco, 30, Pasch., 217 d, Warwick; 41 d, Devon; in the latter 
 the defendant’s contract with “ parsona ecclesie’’ had been “quod de- 
 seruiret ei in officio capellani parochialis ecclesie sue de Beworth et 
 haberet curam rectorie sue ibidem.’’ Ibid. y 39, Pasch., 392, Midd., 
 contains a record of a case in which the contract had been “ in officio 
 capellani parochialis,” and the defendant’s plea is reasonable cause for 
 departure: “quod tempore conuencionis predicte facte inter eos, con- 
 cordatum fuit quod idem Walterus inter alia inueniret ipsi Thome per 
 totum tempus predictum tabulam suam, videlicet, victum vt in cibis et 
 potubus et eciam vnam cameram pro huiusmodi seruicio et dicit quod 
 ad prefatum festum Pasche predictus Walterus tabulam suam ipsi Thome 
 subtraxit . . . camera sua expulsit et eas ei vlterius inuenire noluit.” 
 
 2 Case 34, list in app. In the record the plaintiff claims that the de¬ 
 fendant’s contract had been “in officio balliui et colectoris firmarum et 
 reddituum ad capellam . . . spectantium.” To which the defendant 
 replied that his contract had been not “ in officio balliui” but “ in officio 
 capellani ad celebrandum missas et alia diuina facienda que ad officium 
 sacerdotis in ecclesia Dei spectant.” Although there is a difference in 
 the dates of the report and the record, as well as a slight discrepancy 
 between the counts, my belief is that they refer to the same action. 
 With the exception of two, I have examined all the De Banco Rolls 
 until the end of the reign and have found no other chaplain case except 
 the record of case 42, app., F, 4. Moreover out of 312 cases, there are 
 in all only four cases besides this one that deal with chaplains, and as 
 errors in the dates of the reports are frequent, the chances are in favour 
 of the correctness of my hypothesis. 
 
 3 Case 42, app., F, 4. 
 
CENTRAL COURTS 
 
 189 
 
 chaplain is not an ordinary labourer, but a servant of God, 
 and he should be punished by the ecclesiastical courts; re¬ 
 ferring to a case in a previous term, the chief justice of 
 common pleas says: “it is our opinion and that of our com¬ 
 panions of the king’s bench that a chaplain is not bound by 
 the statute as other people are.” The plea in the record of 
 this action that the ordinance is general, referring to every 
 kind of person of whatever condition or rank, while not 
 maintained in the case of chaplains, certainly shows the 
 attitude at this time toward the contract clause. 1 In the 
 next century when the question came up again, limitations 
 were made by the courts on this elastic interpretation of the 
 law; 2 but it is significant and worthy of emphasis that dur¬ 
 ing Edward's reign, while quarter sessions were enforcing 
 the wages and price clauses against what are technically 
 called the labouring classes, the upper courts were uphold¬ 
 ing an extension of the contract clause so wide as to make 
 it apply to all who were working for salaries; an extension 
 undoubtedly never contemplated by the framers of the 
 ordinance. 
 
 (5) The contract .—The reason for the application by the 
 courts of the contract clause of the ordinance to employees 
 of all ranks and conditions 3 and also the nature of this 
 novel form of contract, can best be understood by emphasiz- 
 
 1 Fitzherbert, curiously enough, although he summarizes the reports 
 of both these cases in his abridgment, does not refer to them in New 
 Nat. Brev.; he there states explicitly that a chaplain is bound by a sta¬ 
 tutory retainer; see supra , p. 180, note 2. Cf. Reeves, op. cit., ii, 247, 
 note: “ Of course it was held that such persons {i.c., chaplains) were not 
 within the statute.” The change in the practice of the courts becomes 
 apparent only by a study of the Plea Rolls. It seems strange that the 
 instructions to bishops at the end of the first ordinance were not quoted 
 or the regulation of chaplains’ wages by 36 Edw. Ill, st. 1, c. 8, Statutes. 
 
 2 Cf. Reeves, op. cit., ii, 274, note. 
 
 3 See s. 4 for exceptions. 
 
jgo ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 ing the difference between the latter and the old “covenant’ ? 
 of the common law; the discussion in this section is re¬ 
 stricted to cases in which free men are concerned. The 
 essential distinction although not specified by the ordin¬ 
 ance is made clear by the interpretation of the courts; in 
 several important cases attention is called to the fact that 
 an action of covenant at common law can be maintained only 
 when specialty can be produced, that is, when the covenant 
 had been made under seal, 1 while a retainer under the or¬ 
 dinance is an engagement not based on a written document. 2 
 I have found no reference to the necessity of witnesses for 
 the validity of such a retainer 3 and only one instance of the 
 mention of the taking of an oath. 4 The contract seems to 
 be merely a parol agreement, with no formalities prescribed 
 as to the method according to which it was to be made, 5 
 but plainly indicates a status different from that of service 
 without any agreement at all, or pro volantate? In a 
 number of cases it is emphasized by the courts that the mere 
 making of a contract of this kind, even if the service has 
 
 1 Cases 28 and 32, app., F, 5; cf. pt. ii, ch. i. 
 
 2 Case 31, app., F, 4; “communis retencio siue conduccio.” The 
 term “ conuencio ” is frequently used; e. g., in case q, app., F, 6. It is 
 to be noted that both on the Plea Rolls and in Fitzherbert’s com¬ 
 mentary, the ordinance is commonly referred to as the statute; 1 shall 
 try in this section to distinguish between them. 
 
 3 Such as are suggested, e. g., in the Waterford custumal; see p. *59, 
 note 6; cf. also app., 249, for reference to witnesses in a compulsory 
 service case. 
 
 4 Pat., 28, pt. 1, m. 20, 16 Jan.; “ Pro priore et fratribus de Wytham.” 
 
 r °Cf. the account of the borough law of agreement; p. 159, note 6. 
 
 6 De Banco, 50, Mich., 545, York. The request of the insurgents 
 
 recorded in the Anominalle Cronicle (printed by Trevelyan in E. H. R., 
 xiii, 517) is to the point: “ que null ne deveroit servire ascune home 
 mes a sa volunte de mesme et par couenante taille.” Mr. Kriehn has 
 already pointed out that this is a demand for the repeal of the statutes of 
 labourers; “The Social Revolt in 1381,“ in A. H. R., vii, 282. 
 
CENTRAL COURTS 
 
 19 X 
 
 not actually begun, is equivalent to the corporaliter in ser¬ 
 vice of the common law. 1 
 
 Although information is lacking of the way in which this 
 parol agreement was solemnized, many details of its terms 
 and conditions are given in the ordinance or appear as the 
 result of decisions of the courts. The statute had specified 
 that engagements of labourers should be by terms of the 
 usual length, i. e. a year or six months, and not by the 
 day; 2 the courts therefore hold that a contract for a day’s 
 work or for several days cannot be enforced under this 
 legislation, and that to disprove the existence of a statutory 
 retainer it is sufficient to show that the agreement had been 
 for a day at a time merely. 3 An extreme instance has come 
 to my notice in an action for departure and retention where 
 the justices of labourers had apparently construed such ser¬ 
 vice by the day as equivalent to a state of “ vagabondage.” 4 
 As early as 1356 issue is raised as to the legality under the 
 new law, of a contract for a term longer than a year; it is 
 at this date decided that a contract of even seven years is 
 admissible 5 and records of actions continue for some time 
 afterwards to show examples of terms varying from two to 
 
 1 Cases 28 and 36, app., F, 5; but cf. the report of case 33, list in 
 app., for an apparently different decision. 
 
 2 App., 13. Hence the writ: “Quod servientes deserviant per ter- 
 minos usuales et non per dietas,” in the Registrum. Cf. also the quo¬ 
 tation from Vox Clamantis given on p. 75, note 2. 
 
 3 Case 3, list in app.; De Banco, 39, Mich., 233, Camb.; 41, Pasch., 
 199 d, York. Fitzherbert, op. cit., 391: “And if a Man do retain one 
 to serve him for 40 Days, and another doth afterwards retain him to 
 serve him for a Year, the first Covenant is avoided, because the Retainer 
 was not according to the Statute. 
 
 And so if a Man be retained to serve at every Time he shall be re¬ 
 quired, it is no Retainer according to the Statute, but a Covenant if it 
 be by Deed; and without Deed it is void.” 
 
 4 De Banco, 38, Pasch., 198, York. 
 
 5 Case 6, app., F, 4. 
 
JQ2 ENFORCEMENT of the statutes of labourers 
 
 ten years. 3 Subsequently, however, when the question 
 comes up again, the justices of the court of common pleas 
 are unable, on the spot, to give judgment; 2 but since later 
 instances occur of contracts for more than a year, 3 it is to 
 be inferred that their decision was in favour of the long 
 terms. Other elements of the agreement between master 
 and servant, such as the amount of wages and the details 
 of the tasks to be performed, evidently enter into the mak¬ 
 ing of the contract, as they are often explicitly stated in the 
 plaintiff’s count, 4 while the defendant frequently denies 
 that the contract had been of the form thus described. 
 
 The wording of the clause in the ordinance stipulates cer¬ 
 tain conditions under which the servant is released from his 
 contract." The simplest of these is permission from the 
 employer to depart, a fairfy common plea on the part of 
 the defendant. 0 In one case a servant’s wages are, by 
 agreement, deducted for his absence; 7 in another, a writing 
 releasing the servant from his contract is produced in courts 
 
 1 De Banco, 33, Pasch., 11 d, Line., 3 years; 34, Hill., 205, Devon, 
 10 years; case 26, list in app., 9 years; record of case 29, list in app., 
 2 years; case 18, list in app., 3 years. 
 
 2 Case 31, app., F, 4; the record shows that Fitzherbert’s summary is 
 not correct. 
 
 ' S E. g., De Banco, 49, Pasch., 274 d, Line., 2 years; cf. Fitzherbert, 
 op. cit., 391: “ And a Man may retain one for two or three Years, and 
 it is good;” also: “ And if a Man do retain one to serve him, and doth 
 not express for how long he shall serve him, he shall serve him for a 
 Year, for that Retainer is according to the statute.” 
 
 *De Banco and Coram Rege Rolls, passim. Cf. e. g., case 3, list in 
 app., quoted in s. 3 or the following description: a labourer had been 
 retained “ in quodam officio ad eradicandum spinas, tribulos et genettas 
 in quadam pastura vocata le Broom, et eandem pasturam mundandam 
 et claustrandam . . . per vnum annum integrum.” De Banco, 45, 
 Mich., 434 d, Essex. 5 App., 9. 
 
 0 E.g ., De Banco, 45, Trin., 259, Camb.; 50, Pasch., 465 d, Norfolk. 
 
 7 Ibid., 50, Pasch., 340 d, Herts. 9 Ibid., 40, Mich., 132 d, Lond. 
 
CENTRAL COURTS 
 
 l 93 
 
 A justification for the departure of a servant, allowed by 
 the ordinance, but more difficult to prove, is “ reasonable 
 cause.” This is interpreted by the courts in varying ways: 
 unpaid salary, either in money or in kind; 1 lack of suffi¬ 
 cient food; 2 ill-treatment, of which there are many specific 
 instances; thus a servant's life is threatened, 3 or a servant 
 is beaten so that she departs pur doute de mortd In addi- 
 
 1 In case 3, list in app., an action against a master for retention and 
 against two servants for departure, the plea of one of the latter is that 
 his wages had not been paid; the plea is traversed by the plaintiff, and 
 the issue was on the question of fact. In case 22, list in app., the de¬ 
 fendant justifies his departure by the failure of the plaintiff to pay the 
 wages stipulated and issue was joined on the question as to whether the 
 payment had been made. In De Banco, 34, Hill., 276, Kent, the de¬ 
 fendant justifies his departure by the neglect of the plaintiff to pay the 
 promised wages of “ unum quarterium bladi et duos solidos argenti;” 
 . . . therefore he had departed “post rationabilem promonicionem 
 eidem Thome prout moris est factam.” See also De Banco, 41, Mich., 
 244 d, Oxford; 45, Hill., 408, Suffolk.; 49, Pasch., 298 d, Kent. In 
 case 18, list in app., when a servant sues an employer for his arrears of 
 wages it is apparently held by the court that the plaintiff’s departure 
 within the term, if proved, would bar his action. 
 
 :! De Banco, 39, Pasch., 392, Midd. ( ct . p. 188, note 1); 40, Mich., 
 142, Camb.; Fitzherbert, op.cit., 391: “And keeping from the Servant 
 Meat and Drink is a good Cause for his Departure from his Service. 
 
 And so for Battery; or Licence to depart, is a good Cause of De¬ 
 parture.” 
 
 :: De Banco, 46, Mich., 299 d, Leic.; the defendant, a “communis 
 ancilla,” had departed because her employer had threatened to take her 
 life on her refusal to be his mistress. Ibid., 49, Pasch., 274 d, Line.; 
 the plaintiff is accused by the servant of having threatened him “ de 
 vita et membris.” Ibid., 38, Trin., 388 d, Kent, the servant (Willel- 
 mus) “ dicit quod Matilldis, vxor predicti Iohannis Colkyn (the first 
 employer), ipsum Willelmum de die in diem sepius verberauit, et sim¬ 
 iliter idem Iohannes Colkyn ipsam Matilldem manutenens etc., ipsum 
 de vita et membris minatus fuit et ad ipsum verberandum quendam cul- 
 tellum extraxit, per quod ipse metu mortis sue vel perdicionis aliquorum 
 membrorum etc., recessit alibi pro seruicio sibi querendo, ...” 
 
 4 Case 25, list in app. Fitzherbert, op. cit., 392: “If the Master’s 
 Wife do beat the Servant, it is good Cause for the Servant to depart and 
 leave his Service.” 
 
194 
 
 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 tion to these specifications by the ordinance of the rights of 
 the employee, the courts hold that a conditional contract 
 made by the latter is valid and need be carried out only if 
 the conditions are fulfilled; for example, there is one in¬ 
 stance of an engagement made subject to the consent of the 
 servant’s parents, 1 and another, to that of a previous master. 2 
 It is also ruled by the courts that a contract made by a ser¬ 
 vant under compulsion need not be kept; 8 that imprison¬ 
 ment by another master is a good plea to justify a ser¬ 
 vant’s departure, 4 also forced obedience to the orders of the 
 justices of labourers. 5 In nearly half the departure cases, 
 however, without relying on any of the above justifications, 
 the servant is content with the plea of a bald denial of the 
 retainer; 6 very frequent also is his denial of his departure 
 within the term, or his assertion of the completion of his 
 term; the two latter pleas being often based on the claim of 
 a difference in the length and the dates of the term agreed 
 upon from those named by the plaintiff in his count. 
 
 It is evident that this new form of contract gave certain 
 well-defined rights to employees; it is equally evident that 
 it bestowed far more important advantages on employers 
 than they had possessed at common law, both as against 
 
 x Case 32, app., F, 5. For other forms of conditional contract, cf . the 
 record of case 22, list in app., and case 42, app., F, 4. 
 
 2 De Banco, 46, Trin., 327, Line. 
 
 3 Ibid., 33, Pasch., 181 d, Hunts.; 33, Mich., 224, Dorset; 40, Mich., 
 142, Midd. Cf. also case 4, list in app.; the second master in a de¬ 
 parture and retention case claimed that the plaintiff had kept the servant 
 in prison and compelled him to make a contract “ par force et par dur¬ 
 esse.” 
 
 4 De Banco, 41, Pasch., 223 d, Kent. 
 
 5 Ibid., 38, Pasch., 198, York.; cf. p. 191, note 4. 
 
 6 Space prevents me from giving the long list of references to the 
 commonplace pleas. 
 
CENTRAL COURTS 
 
 195 
 
 their employees and as against competing employers. These 
 advantages are worth noting. At common law a master 
 can keep an unwilling servant in his service by force; 1 but 
 if the servant once make good his escape, or if a servant 
 after agreeing to enter the service of a given master, never 
 appears, the master has no remedy. 2 According to the or¬ 
 dinance on the contrary, in either of the last two circum¬ 
 stances, the master has a right to re-capture the servant 
 and even to use imprisonment or other means of forcible re¬ 
 straint; in an interesting test case the plea of a servant to 
 the effect that only a suit is legitimate for the master in 
 such circumstances is not allowed by the court. 3 Again, at 
 common law, a master has an action of trespass against a 
 second master, only if the latter actually “ take ” the form¬ 
 er’s servant vi et armis out of his service. 4 This action is 
 not abolished by the ordinance, 5 but by the latter’s pro¬ 
 visions essential additions to the rights of the first master are 
 made, namely: if a second master persuade a servant to leave 
 
 1 Case 10, app., F, 5. 2 Case 36, app., F, 5. 
 
 3 Case 10, app., F, 5. 
 
 4 Cases 6 and 36, app., F, 4 and 5. Cf. summary of case 12, list in app., 
 quoted on p. 185, note 3. In case 27, list in app., discussed on pp. 185-186, 
 the issue turns on the question of the minority of one of the servants; the 
 judgment includes the statement that at common law an action lies only 
 if a servant is actually taken out of service. Reeves, op. cit., ii, 274-275, 
 note, in a translation of a Year Book case, 11 H. IV, f. 23, affords the 
 most explicit account of the distinction between the common law and 
 the ordinance: “ Thermug, If my servant, before the statute, went out of 
 my service, I suppose well that no action is given to the master, but if 
 a man took my servant out of my service, then action of trespass lay at 
 the common law, and still lies; .... Hankford, I am of the same 
 opinion as my master has expressed, that if my servant depart out of my 
 service, at common law I can have no action, and the cause was for 
 that between me and my servant it is a contract, upon which no action 
 lay at the common law without a specialty, and for this mischief the 
 statute was made, and action given on it.” 
 
 4 Cf. quotation in note 4, siipra, and case 17, app., F, 5. 
 
IQ6 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 his first master, 1 or to fail to keep his agreement to enter the 
 service of the first master ; 2 or if a second master, without 
 any overt act inducing a servant to leave the service in 
 which he is bound, has merely taken into his service a ser¬ 
 vant who has previously of his own accord broken contract 
 with his first master, 3 —in all these cases, the first master has 
 rights and remedies under the new law. In the first place, 
 if he chance to come across his fugitive servant anywhere, 
 he can carry him off bodily, 4 but it is assumed though no¬ 
 where explicitly stated, that to accomplish this end he can¬ 
 not employ violence against the second master. 5 In the 
 second place, the first master in the three cases enumerated 
 above, can serve notice on the second master, demanding 
 back his servant, and if the second master fail to comply 
 with this request, the first master then has an action on the 
 ordinance against him. 6 
 
 1 Cf. supra , p. 195, note 4. Fitzherbert, op. cit., 392: “ If the Servant 
 be drawn away, the Master may re-apprehend him, and keep him in 
 Spight of him.” Also 388: “ If a Man do retain my Servant being in 
 my Service, for which the Servant departeth from me, etc., and goeth 
 to serve the other, I shall have an Action against him who retained 
 him, and against the Servant, upon the Statute of 23 Edw. III.” 
 
 2 This follows from cases 28 and 36, app., F, 5. 
 
 :i The wording of the ordinance implies this; also the form of the writ 
 for retention; cf. also the argument in case 6, app., F, 4, Fitzherbert, 
 note 6, infra , and note 3 on p. 185. 
 
 4 Cf. note 1, supra; also case 17, app., F, 5, where the record 
 includes the phrase: “ inuenit et reduxit.” In case 10, app., F, 5, the 
 master re-captured and imprisoned the servant; in case 9, app., F, 6, it 
 is asserted that a master could have taken his servant who had departed 
 even if he had been free; in De Banco, 40, Pasch., 175. Suffolk, an action 
 of trespass vi et artnis, the defendant pleads previous contract with the 
 servant which gave him a right to take her. 
 
 5 Cf. case 17, app., F, 5, in which vi et armis are denied. 
 
 °Theformof the writ includes a phrase as to notice; app., 411; Fitzher¬ 
 bert, op. cit., 390: ‘‘And if a Man be retained in Service, and go wan- 
 
CENTRAL COURTS 
 
 *97 
 
 In more than half of the suits of this character 
 noted in my investigation the defence of the second 
 master is merely the denial of the retention, with no 
 further plea. Other cases include interesting details; for 
 example, two actions are recorded in both of which it is 
 claimed that there had been no retention by the defendant 
 who had been merely performing his duty as constable; in 
 one, the defendant had found the servant vagrant and had 
 compelled him to serve a former master; 1 in the other, the 
 defendant had put a servant in stocks in obedience to the 
 justices of labourers. 2 Occasionally the second master 
 denies the existence of a contract between the plaintiff and 
 servant or claims that there had been such a contract but 
 that it had been already carried out or broken for just 
 cause; sometimes he states that he had had a contract with 
 the servant antedating that with the plaintiff; 3 in one case 
 he is able to show a technical error in the form of the plain¬ 
 tiff’s writ. 4 A fairly usual plea of the second master is that 
 he had found the servant in question a vagrant, 5 or even 
 begging for help, 6 and that therefore he had rightfully re¬ 
 dering abroad out of his Service, another Man may compel him to serve 
 him, etc., because he is out of Service. 
 
 And so if a Man do retain another’s Servant, not knowing that he 
 was in the Service of the other, he shall not be punished for so doing, 
 if he do not retain him after Notice of his first Service.” 
 
 1 De Banco, 34, Hill., 142, Berks. 
 
 2 Ibid ., 39, Pasch., 328 d, Devon. 3 Case 4, list in app. 
 
 4 Case 8, list in app.; a technical error in the writ is also pleaded in 
 De Banco, 38, Pasch., 198, York. 
 
 h E. g., De Banco, 34, Hill., 106 d, Stafford; 38, Trin., 199, Bucks.; 
 347, Lond.; 39, Hill., 248 d, York; 40, Mich., 553, Glouc.; 389 d, War¬ 
 wick; 41, Pasch., 329 d, Northants.; 116 d, Wilts.; 45, Mich., 281 d, 
 Berks.; 50, Hill., 223 d., Norfolk; case 3, list in app. 
 
 6 De Banco, 39, Mich., 372d, Leic.; the defendant had found the ser¬ 
 vant (bercarium) “ infirmum . . . requisiuit . . . vt sibi sucourreret et 
 auxiliaret.” 
 
igS ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 tained him. This appeal to the compulsory service clause 
 seems to prove that it was more effective than had been 
 indicated by the few cases brought directly on it. Now 
 the ordinance had stipulated that the vagrant must be alteri 
 non seruiens; from the above discussion it results that if 
 a new employer is honestly ignorant of the previous con¬ 
 tract, he is not punishable for employing a vagrant, even if 
 the latter has left his legitimate service. He runs two risks, 
 however, from the rights of a previous employer: 1 the lat¬ 
 ter may chance to come across his servant and in this case, 
 as has been shown, has a right to re-take him, 2 and thus 
 to cause the employer of the vagrant to lose his service; 
 or the first employer may serve notice on the new employer 
 demanding back the servant, and the new employer must 
 either restore the vagrant or be sued. 3 Toward the end 
 of the reign certainly, and possibly before, a distinction 
 grew up between the employment of vagrants in the same 
 county as that in which their first retainer had been and their 
 employment in a different county from that of the first 
 retainer. Greater laxity is allowed in the latter case: the 
 new employer is not obliged to recognize the retainer in the 
 other county unless the previous master has served him 
 notice; 4 or to put it in the other way, the first master, if his 
 
 1 Granting that he be a bona-fide employer. Cf. case 13, list in app.; 
 to the defendant’s plea in a compulsory service action of a previous 
 contract, the plaintiff replies that the contract was a fraud as the alleged 
 master was only a child and did not, in any case, have enough land to 
 entitle him to a servant. 
 
 2 See supra , p. 196. 
 
 3 In case 3, list in app., an action against two servants for departure 
 and against a master for their retention, the plea of the latter is that he 
 had found the servants vagrants and out of service; the plea is accepted 
 provided that it can be proved that the servants were really not in the 
 plaintiff’s service. 
 
 4 Case 43, app., F, 6, if correctly interpreted by Fitzherbert in his 
 
CENTRAL COURTS 
 
 199 
 
 servant has escaped into another county, cannot re-take him 
 without first serving notice on the new master. In spite 
 of this partial exception in the matter of different counties, 
 it is obvious that on the whole there was under the contract 
 clause a considerable extension of the rights of the first em¬ 
 ployer as compared with his rights at common law, and that 
 this extension came into conflict with the provisions of the 
 compulsory labour clause, and thus caused one of the two 
 limitations on the power of a given individual to compel 
 service from a vagrant. 1 
 
 In the peculiar stress of circumstances due to the plague, 
 employers almost universally were having serious difficul¬ 
 ties in keeping employees to their agreements, and since 
 during this period only the local courts were enforcing un¬ 
 written contracts of the type usual in the relations between 
 employers and employees, the former had no remedies in 
 the upper courts. 2 This unsatisfactory status of the law 
 of parol contract is undoubtedly the explanation 3 of the 
 successful attempt made by the lawyers and judges of the 
 king’s bench and of common pleas to widen the application 
 of the contract clause, and to bring it about that a bailiff 
 or a school-teacher could be sued for breach of contract un¬ 
 der the same form of writ as a ploughman or a carter. 
 
 (6) The effect of the compulsory service and contract 
 clauses on the lord’s relation to his villeins .—The lord’s 
 
 summary certainly proves this. Cf. also Hale’s note to Fitzherbert, 
 op. cit., 390: “If it be in the same County, he (the new employer) 
 ought to take Notice of the first Retainer at his Peril, but he is not pun¬ 
 ishable, if he (the servant) be found Vagrant in another County. . . 
 Hale refers to a Year Book report, 17 Edw. IV, f. 7, which contains a 
 clear recognition of this distinction between counties by Littleton, and 
 which gives a cross-reference to my case 43. This latter must be dis¬ 
 cussed again in connection with villeins; see s. 6. 
 
 1 S. 4, p.181. 2 See pp. 157-158. 
 
 3 Page 178. 
 
200 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 relation to his tenants causes the second limitation on the 
 right of employers to compel work from vagrants. 1 The 
 ordinance had provided that lords should receive prefer¬ 
 ence both as to their bondmen and as to their free tenants; 2 
 accordingly in an action against a labourer for refusal to 
 serve, the plea is urged that the defendant was holding land 
 of a lord for whom he had services to perform, and is up¬ 
 held by the court on the ground that if the labourer had 
 made a contract with another master, he could not legally 
 have left him to perform the necessary services for his lord. 
 It is added that the statute had been made for the advant¬ 
 age of the lords. 3 In a case summoned to Westminster 
 from quarter sessions the justices of labourers had decided 
 that a labourer is justified in refusing to serve an employer 
 when required, if he can prove that he is a villein of an¬ 
 other man; the result is the peculiar situation in which a 
 villein is himself interested in proving the fact of his vil¬ 
 leinage. 4 The lords were not slow to perceive their ad¬ 
 vantage; as early as 1351 the bishop of Winchester suc¬ 
 ceeded in obtaining a commission of oyer and terminer to 
 punish a bondman who had refused to serve him in pur¬ 
 suance of the ordinance of labourers. 5 It has already been 
 shown how some years later the abbot of Pippewell was able 
 through special orders issued by the king to compel the 
 justices of labourers in Warwickshire to furnish him with 
 the necessary supply of labourers. 6 
 
 l Page 181 and p. 199. App., 9. ’ Case 20, app., F, 4. 
 
 # 
 
 *App., 248-250, and pt. 1, ch. ii, s. 7. Cf. Vinogradoff, Villainage in 
 E?igland, 53-55. In discussing the case printed in his app. (case 7 in 
 my list) he writes: “The peculiarity of the case is that a third person 
 has an interest to prove that the man claimed as villain had been as a 
 free man.” 
 
 5 Pat., 25, pt. 2, m. 10 d; 16 Aug. Cal., ix, 161. 
 
 6 App., 217-218, and pt. 1, ch. i, s. 7. 
 
CENTRAL COURTS 
 
 201 
 
 It is not easy to ascertain the precise effect of the con¬ 
 tract clause. Up to nearly the end of the reign there is 
 clear evidence in both reports and records that if a villein, 
 who had escaped from his lord or who had by payment of 
 chivage acquired the right to live outside the manor, 1 made 
 a contract with a new employer, he could be re-taken by 
 his lord. The verbs used to describe such a recovery of 
 villeins are: seisiuit , 2 recepit et reduxit, 3 abstidit et recepit, 4 
 arestauit, 5 prisomus, G cepit et abduxit / cepit. s The coun¬ 
 sel for the other side does not deny the lord’s right to re- 
 
 1 1 am indebted to Professor Vinogradoff for suggesting the import¬ 
 ance of the second class. 
 
 2 The record of case 7, list in app., printed by Vinogradoff ; the report 
 has “ prisomus.” 
 
 3 The record of case 9, app., F, 6; the report has “prisomus.” 
 
 4 Case 30, list in app.; in an action of trespass “ vi et armis ” for tak¬ 
 ing servant out of plaintiff’s service, the defendant's plea is that said 
 servant was his “ natiuus;” therefore “dictum Thomam ab ecdem 
 Iobanne Ewyn (plaintiff) abstulit et recepit sicut ei bene licuit.’’ Plain¬ 
 tiff claimed that servant was free; issue joined on question of villeinage 
 versus freedom. 
 
 5 Case 38, app., F, 6. 
 
 6 Case 41, list in app.; record not found. In an action on the statute 
 of labourers for the taking of a servant out of plaintiff’s service, the de¬ 
 fendant’s plea is that as bailiff of the countess of Pembroke he had 
 taken said servant as villein regardant to her manor. 
 
 7 De Banco, 33, Hill., 176 d, Wilts; in an action for the retention of 
 a servant, the defendant’s plea is that said servant was his villein and 
 that having found “ eundem Walterum villanum suum a dominio suo 
 sine licencia et voluntate sua elongatum, cepit eum et abduxit, prout ei 
 bene licuit.” Issue was joined on question of villeinage versus freedom. 
 
 *Ibid., 45, Mich., 579 d, Devon, an action similar to the last: “ Et 
 predictus Willelmus (defendant) . . . dicit quod predictus Dauid est 
 natiuus ipsius Willelmi vt de manerio suo de West Woguill et ipse seis- 
 itus de ipso Dauid vt de natiuo suo toto tempore predicto. Et quia pre¬ 
 dictus Willelmus indigebat de seruicio ipsius Dauid, idem Willelmus 
 cepit predictum Dauid de seruicio predicti lohannis (plaintiff), vt nati- 
 uum suum, prout ei bene licuit.” Plaintiff denies that servant was de¬ 
 fendant’s villein: issue on this point. 
 
202 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 claim his villein but almost always merely tries to prove 
 that the labourer in question is free, not villein. A curious 
 case originating- before the justices of labourers and sum¬ 
 moned to Westminster is to the point. Five brothers bring 
 an action on the statute of labourers against a lord, on the 
 ground that, after each of them had entered into a contract 
 with an employer, the defendant had come and taken them 
 each back to his manor and by thus preventing them from 
 fulfilling their contracts had caused them damages to the 
 extent of 20s. each. The plea of the defendant that they 
 are all his villeins is held a good plea by the justices and 
 the plaintiffs are all in mercy; there is apparently no ques¬ 
 tion raised as to his right as their lord to take them out of 
 the service of their new employers. 1 As a logical result of 
 the recognition of the lord’s right to re-take his villein even 
 though bound by contract, it is decided by the courts that 
 a servant can justify his departure within the term by 
 proving that he had been distrained 2 or actually seized as a 
 villein 3 by the agents of his lord. Since the ordinance had 
 stipulated that a lord might keep only as many villeins as he 
 needed it is natural that in some of the cases the lord should 
 add to his statement of the villeinage of the servant in 
 question the plea that he needed his services; 4 yet when 
 
 l App., 244-248, and p. 96. It is more accurate to say that the ques¬ 
 tion had not been raised before the justices of labourers; I do not know 
 the final result of the case. 
 
 2 Case 7, list in app., printed by Vinogradoff; r/.also Fitzherbert, op. 
 cit., Hale’s note, 391. 
 
 3 Coram Rege, 47, Hill., Cavendissh, 9, Derby; William Gande, a 
 carter, was attached to answer Thomas de Grenehill for departure 
 within the term: “ Willelmus Gande . . . dicit quod ipse die Lune pre- 
 dicto a seruicio predicti Thome contra voluntatem suam captus fuit per 
 Willelmum Shepey, balliuum episcopi Couentrensis et Lychfeldensis, vt 
 natiuus predicti episcopi, apud Sallowe et detentus ibidem per predictum 
 Willelmum Shepeye et alios ministros dicti episcopi. ...” 
 
 4 See p. 201, note 8; also case 38, app., F, 6. 
 
CENTRAL COURTS 
 
 203 
 
 there is an attempt to make an issue of the fact as to whether 
 a lord needed this particular villein, the court rules that this 
 point is not issuable. 1 
 
 As far as these cases go, if the above analysis be correct, 
 it is clear that at this date neither the compulsory service 
 nor the contract clause interfered with the legal bond be¬ 
 tween a lord and his villeins; he merely had to state that he 
 required their labour and was then entitled to take them. 2 
 In other words the relation of a lord to his villeins or to 
 his tenants who were not villeins 3 was equivalent to the re¬ 
 lation of a master to a free servant under the terms of a 
 contract; 4 both relations stood in the way of the rights of 
 a new employer. 
 
 The real difficulty comes up in the interpretation of an 
 action at the very end of the reign including the compli¬ 
 cation of the escape of villeins into another county. 5 Ac- 
 
 1 Case 9, app., F, 6. The report had left the matter in doubt, but the 
 record shows that the issue was not allowed. 
 
 2 Fitzherbert, op. cit ., 391: “The Lord may take his Villain out of 
 the Service of another if he hath need of Servants, otherwise not.” 
 (19 R. II, 50 Edw. Ill, 22.) Hale’s note somewhat modifies this bald 
 statement; he quotes 30 Edw. Ill, 31 (case 9) and also reports of later 
 reigns where the lord re-took his villeins. Reeves, op. cit., ii, 247, 
 note: “a lord could take away his villein even from the service of 
 another person.” Vinogradoff, loc. cit .: “ One of the difficulties in work¬ 
 ing the statute came from the fact that it had to recognize two different 
 sets of relations between the employer and the workman. The statute 
 dealt with the contract between master and servant, but it did not do 
 away with the dependence of the villain on the lord, and in case of con¬ 
 flict it gave precedence to this latter claim; a lord had the right to with¬ 
 draw a villain from a stranger’s service.” 
 
 3 De Banco, 33, Pasch., 181 d, Hunts.; in an action for retention and 
 departure, one of the defendants (the emplo3^er), claims that the other 
 defendants (the two servants), “ ipsi fuerunt tenentes sui et tenuerunt 
 diuersa tenementa sua in villenagio.” Apparently they were not villeins 
 by status. 4 S. 5, p. 198. 
 
 5 Case 43, app., F, 6, referred to by Fitzherbert as 50 Edw. Ill, 22; see 
 note 2, supra. Cf. pp. 198-199. 
 
204 ENFORCEMENT of the statutes of labourers 
 
 cording to the report in the printed Year Book and to Fitz- 
 herbert’s version of the case 1 the courts have arrived at the 
 same conclusion in regard to the employment of a vagrant 
 villein as had already been reached in regard to the employ¬ 
 ment of a vagrant free labourer, bound by a previous con¬ 
 tract which he was seeking to avoid; i. e. if a villein is 
 vagrant in another county and there enters into the service 
 of a new employer, his lord can legally re-take him only 
 after serving notice on the new master. Brooke’s summary 
 omits the distinction between counties; 2 while the record, 
 if indeed it be the record of this action, 3 shows that the 
 case turned on an issue quite different from that presented 
 in the report. Although the necessity of notice is clearly 
 emphasized in later cases on the contract of a free labourer, 
 I have come across no further reference to it in regard to 
 a villein; 4 on the other hand there are cases after this date 
 
 1 It is strange that Fitzherbert should omit in his commentary the 
 discussion of this point. 
 
 2 App., 460. 
 
 3 It is with much hesitation that I print the record as probably refer- 
 ing to the report under discussion, in view of the fact that Professor 
 Vinogradoff, who was so good as to consider the evidence, is inclined to 
 believe that the report and record do not refer to the same case. That 
 there are striking differences as well as striking similarities must 
 be admitted; but the fact that so very few actions occur that involve 
 both the statutes of labourers and the question of villeinage increases 
 the likelihood that this is the record of the reported case. 
 
 4 See p. 198, note 4. It will be seen that I am forced to differ from 
 Mr. Savine in his understanding of case 43; cf. “ Bondmen under the 
 Tudors,” in Trans. Royal Hist. Soc., xvii, 254: “Though perfectly 
 hostile to liberal tendencies, the labour legislation in the long run cer¬ 
 tainly assisted to loosen the dependence of the bondman on his lord. 
 . . . The lord retains the preferential right over the working power of 
 his villein; but when the villein does not find employment in his manor 
 and is vagrant everybody can seize and put him to work, and the lord 
 cannot take him back into his manor until the end of the statutory con¬ 
 tract.” 
 
CENTRAL COURTS 
 
 205 
 
 in which the lord plainly did reclaim his villein, without 
 anything being said as to notice. 1 Undoubtedly, therefore, 
 this statutory interference between lords and their villeins 
 was limited to instances that involved a second county and 
 cannot be considered as introducing any serious innovation 
 into their legal relations. The requirement of notice was 
 more important practically than juridically; from the point 
 of view of law the distinction was one of procedure and 
 lay in the difference between a remedy offered by a posses¬ 
 sory as against that furnished by a petitory action. 2 
 
 Out of the 312 cases occurring on the 59 Plea Rolls ex¬ 
 amined, only 9 deal with villeins; 3 the reports naturally 
 show a much larger proportion, namely 6 out of 44, but on 
 the whole the inference is sound that the enforcement of the 
 statutes did not very often touch directly on the question of 
 villeinage. 4 It is, however, possible that since it had be¬ 
 come difficult to recover fugitive villeins by the ordinary 
 machinery of the manorial courts, lords who needed la¬ 
 bourers made use of the compulsory service clause of the 
 ordinance; 5 on this hypothesis the very absence of many 
 
 1 Cf. quotation from Hale, p. 203, note 2, supra\ also the two later cases 
 quoted by Mr. Savine which contain decisions, as he himself recognizes, 
 contrary to his interpretation of my case 43; and make him admit that 
 it is “ possible to overestimate the disintegrating influence of this labour 
 legislation,” and also that “ such judgments as those pronounced in the 
 last two cases certainly limited very much the action of the Statute of 
 Labourers as far as it concerned the villeins if they did not annul it 
 altogether.” Op. cit., 255-256. 
 
 I am indebted to Professor Vinogradoff for pointing out this aspect 
 of the question. 
 
 3 Of the six reported cases the records have been found of all but one. 
 In addition there are four records of cases not reported and one record 
 dealing with villeins by tenure; these are all quoted in this section. 
 
 4 One instance has come to my notice in which the lord used the ordi¬ 
 nance as a means of recovering “ natiuum et seruientem;” De Banco, 
 47, Mich., 406, Glouc. 
 
 6 Cf. note to Reeves, op. cit ., ii, 247. 
 
206 enforcement of the statutes of labourers 
 
 cases in the courts on this clause may be interpreted to 
 mean that, a lord instead of bringing suit to recover his own 
 fugitive villein, found it easier to employ the vagrant villein 
 of some other lord. 
 
 The epoch is one of transition during which the position 
 of villeins was undergoing radical changes by no means due 
 to direct legislation. Nowhere are these changes more em¬ 
 phatically revealed than in the cases already quoted in which 
 villeins were bringing actions on the statutes of labourers 
 against their lords; especially, perhaps, in the case in which 
 it appears that villeins were themselves employers of 
 servants and were suing their lords for eloigning these 
 servants. 1 
 
 (7) Judgments and verdicts .—Of the 312 actions consid¬ 
 ered in the preceding pages, 299 were on the contract clause. 2 
 These, as has been pointed out, were classified as follows: 3 
 136 against servants for departure, 116 against masters for 
 retention, and 47 against both masters and servants for re¬ 
 tention and departure respectively. Of the 6 actions in¬ 
 volving the contract clause, there is one of false imprison¬ 
 ment brought by a servant against a master, 4 and five of 
 trespass vi et armis brought by masters against other 
 masters, four of them for taking servants r> and one for 
 taking villeins. 6 There is in addition a report of a case 
 of which I have not found the record, an action for debt 
 brought by a servant against a master and which involves 
 the contract clause. 7 
 
 1 See pp. 95-96. ? S. 3. 
 
 3 S. 4. 4 Case 10, app., F, 5. 
 
 5 Case 17, app., F, 5; case 30, list in app.; De Banco, 40, Pasch., 
 175, Suff.; 40, Mich., 175 d, Essex and 41, Trin., 312, Essex. In the last 
 case the servant was being punished by stocks. 
 
 6 Case 43, app., F, 6. 
 
 7 Case 18, list in app.; see p. 193, note 1. 
 
CENTRAL COURTS 
 
 20 7 
 
 A further analysis of the 299 cases gives the follow¬ 
 ing results. 136 actions for departure: attachment (no 
 further process), 15; jury on question of fact (result not 
 given), 107; judgment on question of law, 8; jury on one 
 point (result not given) and judgment on another, 1; jury 
 on question of fact, verdict given, 5. 
 
 116 actions for retention: attachment, 7; jury on ques¬ 
 tion of fact, 101; judgment on question of law, 1; judg¬ 
 ment asked but not recorded, 1; jury on one point and 
 judgment asked on another, 1; jury on question of fact, 
 verdict given, 5. 
 
 47 actions for retention and departure: attachment, 3; 
 jury on question of fact, 39; jury on one point and judg¬ 
 ment on another, 2; jury on question of fact, verdict 
 given, 3. 
 
 Totals: attachment, 25; jury, 247; judgment, 9; judg¬ 
 ment asked but not recorded, 1; jury on one point and 
 judgment on another, in one instance asked but not re¬ 
 corded, 4; jury on question of fact, verdict given, 13. 
 
 In the comparatively few instances where the final re¬ 
 sults are recorded, 1 the important question to be answered 
 is: are the findings of the courts for or against the labouring 
 classes? The judgments may be considered first. By a 
 strange coincidence I have failed to find the records cor- 
 
 1 It is not only in actions on the statutes of labourers that the results 
 do not appear. Cf. Introduction to Year Book, 3 Edw. II, lxxi (Selden 
 Soc.): “ A day is given to the parties to hear their judgment. A blank 
 space for the judgment is left upon the roll, and blank it remains after 
 the lapse of six centuries. What happens in these cases we do not 
 know; but we fancy that very often the parties, weary of waiting for a 
 judgment, patch up their quarrel without telling the Court anything 
 about the compromise. In some future volume we, or some of our suc¬ 
 cessors, may be able to explain more fully than we could at present how 
 it comes about that so many records finish with an issue of fact or with 
 an issue of law, and show no judgment and no verdict.” 
 
208 enforcement of the statutes of labourers 
 
 responding to six reports where judgment was given, four 
 of which belong to the group of contract cases, in addition 
 to the judgments included in the figures given above. In 
 the first of these four, an action for retention, judgment is 
 for the defendant, on the ground of the minority of the 
 servant; 1 in the second, an action for retention and de¬ 
 parture, for the defendants, on the same ground; 2 in the 
 third, an action for the departure of two servants, for 
 the defendants, on the ground that there should have been 
 two writs instead of one; in the fourth, an exactly similar 
 action, a similar judgment." Of the two cases in 
 which the judgment although asked is not recorded, one 
 is an action for retention in which the defendants ask 
 for judgment on the plea of another action pending 
 between the same parties for the same cause; 4 the 
 other is also an action for retention, in which the de¬ 
 fendant asks for judgment on the ground that the ordin¬ 
 ance does not apply to contracts for a term longer than a 
 year. 5 In the nine cases where judgment is recorded, the 
 details are as follows: in three departure cases, the judg¬ 
 ment is for the plaintiff, on admission of guilt by the de¬ 
 fendant ; 6 in four departure cases, for the defendant, be- 
 
 1 Case 12, list in app.; cf. p. 185, note 3; also p. 195, note 4. 
 
 -Case 27, list in app.; cf. ut supra. 
 
 ’ Cases 19 and 37, list in app.; the latter is worded as follows: “ et 
 init demaunde judgement de brief . . . le covenant de lun nest pas le 
 covenant de lautre, ne le service, et per consequens, le departure de lun 
 nest pas le departer lauter.” 
 
 1 Case 2, list in app. 
 
 r> Case 31, app., F, 4, and s. 5. p. 192. 
 
 r, De Banco, 33, Mich., 161, Northants; fine of 2s. for defendant, 
 laborarius. Ibid., 34, Hill., 195 d, Londt?). (the defendant is allutar- 
 ius). “ Ita consideratum estquod predictus Ricardus Freman (plaintiff) 
 habeat predictum Ricardum Perre, seruientem suum, de sibi seruiendo 
 per tempus supradictum in officio predicto in forma predicta . . . venit 
 
CENTRAL COURTS 
 
 209 
 
 cause the plaintiff failed to prosecute ; 1 in one action for 
 departure, for the defendant, on the ground that the plain¬ 
 tiff’s offer of waging his law as to the truth of the facts at 
 issue was not acceptable ; 2 in an action for retention, for the 
 defendant; writ abated on ground that it had been brought 
 in the wrong couiffy. s There are three cases where there 
 is a judgment recorded on one point and an appeal to a 
 jury on another: in a departure case, judgment is for the 
 defendant, on the ground that the statute does not apply to 
 the contract of a chaplain ; 4 in a departure and retention 
 case, for one defendant, the servant, on the ground of his 
 minority ; 5 in another departure and retention case, for 
 one defendant, also the servant, on the ground that distraint 
 by his lord exempts a villein from the penalties of the or- 
 
 predictus Ricardus Perre hie in curia et fecit finem cum domino Rege 
 pro duobus solidis per plegiagium . . , Ideo eat inde quietus etc. Et 
 deliberatur eidem Ricardo Freman per curiam etc., ad deseruiendum ei 
 in forma predicta etc.” Ibid., 40, Pasch., 196 d, Bucks.; defendant, 
 carucarius, is assessed 100s. as damages. “Ideo consideratum est quod 
 predictus prior (plaintiff) recuperet seruientem suum et dampna etc. 
 Et idem prior in presencia curie remittit dampna etc.” 
 
 ’ Ibid., 38, Trin., 405 d, Bucks.; defendant, carucarius; ibid., 42, 
 Hill., 480 d, Oxford, defendant, seruiens; ibid., 45, Mich., 539 d, 
 Lond., defendant, seruiens; Coram Rege, 48, Hill., Cavendissh, 9, 
 Lond.; defendant, a card-maker. 
 
 “Case 25, list in app.; cf. s. 5, p. 193, note 4. The defendant, nutrex, 
 pleaded that she had left because she had been beaten by plaintiff and 
 also that she had had permission to depart; when forced to choose 
 between the two pleas she chose the latter. Note from the record: “ et 
 predictus Willelmus (plaintiff) dicit ex quo ipse paratus est facere legem 
 suam quod ipse non dedit ei licenciam a seruicio suo recedendi quem 
 quidem exitum predicta Matilldis recusat petit iudicium et dampna sua 
 etc. Et quia huiusmodi exitus non est acceptabilis consideratum est 
 quod predictus Willelmus nichil capiat per breue suum set sit in miseri- 
 cordia. Et predicta Matilldis inde sine die.” For wager of law, see 
 Pollock and Maitland, hist. Eng. Law, ii, 634, et seq. 
 
 5 Case 8, list in app.; servant involved, seruiens. 
 
 ‘Case 42, app., F, 4, and pp. 188-189. 5 Case 6, app., F, 4, and p. 185. 
 
2io ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 dinance. 1 In the action of false imprisonment brought by 
 the servant judgment is for the defendant, i. e. the master, 
 on the ground that under the contract clause re-capture by 
 force is legal as a means of holding a servant to his agree¬ 
 ment. 2 Therefore, of these seventeen actions, in eleven the 
 judgments are in favor of the servants, and in two of the 
 second masters and therefore of the servants also; and in 
 only four are they against the servants, and in three of 
 these because of their own confessions. 
 
 In turning to the verdicts of the juries, it is to be recalled 
 that out of the 299 cases on the contract clause, thirteen 
 verdicts are recorded and out of the six cases involving the 
 clause, one; these verdicts must be considered somewhat in 
 detail, the plea of the defendant and the occupation of the 
 servant being noted, as well as the penalty. 
 
 Actions for departure. 
 
 1 Denial of date of contract by carucarius et carectar- 
 ius; damages of 40s. for plaintiff. 3 
 
 2 Denial of contract by bercarius; damages of 2 marks 
 for plaintiff. 4 
 
 3 Denial of date of contract by communis ancilla; 
 damages of 20s. for plaintiff; defendant also fined 
 2s. 5 
 
 4 Ill-treatment and failure of plaintiff to pay wages to 
 laborarius; damages of 10 marks for plaintiff; de¬ 
 fendant also fined 2 marks. 6 
 
 1 Case 7, list in app., printed by Vinogradoff; cf. s. 6, p. 202. 
 
 2 Case 10, app., F, 5; also p. 195. 
 
 3 De Banco, 33, Pasch., 11 d, Line.; plaintiff had sued for 10 marks. 
 The plaintiffs regularly asked for much higher damages than they ob¬ 
 tained. 
 
 4 Ibid., 38, Trin., 343 d, Sussex. 
 
 5 Ibid., 47, Trin., 231, Warwick. 
 
 6 Ibid., 42, FI ill., 475, Lond. 
 
CENTRAL COURTS 
 
 211 
 
 5 Denial of contract by carectarius; damages of 2s. 
 for plaintiff; defendant also fined. 1 
 
 Actions for retention. 
 
 1 Denial of retention of ancilla; damages of io marks 
 for plaintiff. 2 
 
 2 Denial of retention of servant contrary to the ordin¬ 
 ance; damages of 4 marks for plaintiff. 3 
 
 3 Denial of knowledge of previous contract of servant 
 who had been engaged in officio custodis aueriorum; 
 damages of 50s. for plaintiff. 4 
 
 4 Denial of retention of servant who had been engaged 
 by plaintiff as apprentice in artificio cellarii; dam¬ 
 ages of 10 marks for plaintiff; defendant also fined 
 half a mark. 5 
 
 5 Vagrancy of carucarius pleaded by second master 
 and mistress; damages of £10 for plaintiff, remitted 
 because of general pardon at death of Edward III. 6 
 
 Actions for retention and departure. 
 
 1 Denial of retention by second master, and of de¬ 
 parture by lotrix; damages of 40s. for plaintiff; 
 second master fined 4od. and lotrix fined I2d. 7 
 
 2 Vagrancy pleaded by second master, ill-treatment by 
 ancilla; damages for plaintiff of 40 marks from 
 second master and 10 marks from ancilla. 8 
 
 1 Coram Rege, 47, Trin., Cavendissh, 22 d, Rutland; two justices “de 
 Banco” appeared in this case. 
 
 2 De Banco, 41, Mich., 270 d, Suff. 
 
 3 Ibid., 506, Devon; plaintiff had asked for £20. 
 
 4 Coram Rege, 47, Hill., Cavendissh, 51, Northants.; defendant 
 claimed that he had even asked servant if he were already bound by 
 contract. Plaintiff had asked for ^40. 
 
 5 Ibid., 28, Hill., Shareshull, 43, Midd. 
 
 6 De Banco, 50, Trin., 192, Kent. 
 
 7 Ibid. , 40, Mich., 275, Lond. 8 Ibid., 553, Gloucester. 
 
2i2 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 3 Vagrancy pleaded by both the second masters; lack 
 of contract and also lack of food and clothing by the 
 two ancille; damages for plaintiff of i6d. from one 
 ancilla and 2s. from the other; and 36s. 8d. from 
 each of the masters. 1 
 
 In the action of trespass vi et armis for taking servant, 
 the plea of previous contract urged by the defendant is not 
 upheld, because the plaintiff is able to prove that the defend¬ 
 ant’s ill-treatment had justified the servant’s departure; the 
 verdict is damages of 4 marks for the plaintiff and also a 
 fine of 5s. for the defendant. 2 Out of these 14 verdicts, 
 therefore, there is not one explicitly for the servant although 
 in the last case he benefits by the verdict for the plaintiff. 
 
 In the small number of actions on the compulsory ser¬ 
 vice clause, only two altogether, and one involving the 
 clause, 3 no example occurs either of a verdict or of a judg¬ 
 ment; but to these actions found on the Plea Rolls must be 
 added the reports of two cases, for which I have not suc¬ 
 ceeded in identifying the records. In one of these the judg¬ 
 ment is for the defendants on a technicality; there should 
 have been two writs instead of one; 4 and in the second 
 
 ’ De Banco, 50, Hill., 223 d, Norfolk; “ Et eedem Cristiana et Sibilla 
 separatim dicunt quod quedam Alicia mater ipsarum Cristiane et Sibille 
 fuit comorans per longum tempus cum predictoThoma (plaintiff), quasi 
 arnica et seruiens eiusdem Thome, ipsis adtunc tenuris etatis et cum 
 eadem matre sua in domo ipsius Thome comorantibus, et postea mater 
 earundem obiit; post cuius mortem ipse comorabantur cum eodem 
 Thoma quasi filie sue et ipsi deseruiebant absque aliqua conuencione, et 
 postea cum etas earundem accrescebat et idem Thomas eis pro victu et 
 vest.itu suis necessariis pro earum statu et labore competencia non in- 
 veniebat, eedem Cristiana et Sibilla ab eodem Thoma recesserunt.” 
 
 2 Case 17, app., F, 5. 
 
 3 See pp. 175-176, for references to these, and also to the remaining 
 four cases making up the total of 312. 
 
 ‘Case 14, list in app.; Hale’s note to Fitzherbert, op. cit., 389, quotes 
 
CENTRAL COURTS 
 
 213 
 
 the judgment is also for the defendant, on the ground that 
 he had sufficient services to perform for a lord of whom he 
 held some land and that therefore he was exempt from 
 the clause. 1 
 
 The result of these figures is to prove that the courts were 
 perfectly ready to allow to servants or to masters offend¬ 
 ing against the labour legislation the full advantage of any 
 legal technicalities; but that the juries almost never gave ver¬ 
 dicts in favor of servants or even of employers who were 
 charged with infringement of the law. It has already been, 
 shown what kind of questions of fact arose in actions for 
 breach of contract; but it has also been admitted that no in¬ 
 formation has come to my notice as to the necessity of any 
 formality, such as the presence of witnesses, for the validity 
 of the parol agreement between master and servant. If a 
 servant said in court that no such agreement existed, or if 
 a second master claimed a previous contract with the ser¬ 
 vant, it must have been difficult to establish either the truth 
 or the falsity of the statement. In the existing conditions 
 of the labour market the sympathy of witnesses called in to 
 testify and also of the jurors was likely to be on the side of 
 the plaintiff, while the presumption of guilt was certainly on 
 the side of the defendant. There is small cause for wonder 
 that even by conscientious jurors the acquittal of servants 
 and masters on trial was not frequent. 
 
 An exhaustive study of the Plea Rolls for the reign of 
 Edward would undeniably still further confirm the im¬ 
 pression that the upper courts were giving full measure of 
 attention to the statutes of labourers, thus supplementing 
 
 this report: “ One cannot join, in one Writ, two Persons who refuse to 
 serve.” It is strange that the writ in the Registrum should be against 
 two: app., 412. 
 
 ^ase 20, app., F, 4; cf. also s. 4 and s. 6. 
 
214 
 
 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 to an important extent the work of the special machinery 
 devised for the enforcement of the legislation. So ap¬ 
 parent is this whole aspect of the execution of the statutes 
 that one is surprised at the remark of the chief justice of 
 common pleas: Lestatut fuit fait par cause de seruant pris 
 deuant I notices de laborers en pays et nemy deuant nous . 1 
 Not only have the records proved valuable as showing 
 changes in the interpretation of the law by the courts that 
 had escaped the notice of the reporters, but also as contain¬ 
 ing a veritable store-house of details illustrating the relations 
 between masters and servants and thus throwing light on 
 the homeliest incidents of every-day life. 
 
 1 Case 29, list in app. 
 
PART III 
 
 SUMMARY OF THE WORK OF THE KING’S COUNCIL 
 
 At many points in the preceding study of the labour 
 legislation and of its enforcement, reference has been made 
 to the part played by the king’s council; in conclusion, there¬ 
 fore, it seems desirable to recapitulate the more important 
 phases of its activity, in order to convey an impression of 
 its relation to the whole administrative machinery. 1 
 
 Owing to the inability of parliament to meet during the 
 plague, the first ordinance was framed and promulgated by 
 the council, and proved to be not a mere temporary ex¬ 
 pedient, but a permanent measure having all the force of 
 parliamentary legislation, and in many ways a more im¬ 
 portant enactment than the statute by which it was after¬ 
 wards supplemented. With the council originated the in¬ 
 genious device proclaimed in the second ordinance, namely 
 the relief of the taxpayers by the application in aid of the 
 current subsidy of the penalties resulting from the first or¬ 
 dinance. Even during the running of the next subsidy, 
 when a similar application of these penalties had been care¬ 
 fully regulated in parliament, the council steps in with a 
 special provision for a certain town, or with the issue of 
 spec'al commissions to investigate the carrying-out of the 
 scheme. It seems more than probable that it was the di¬ 
 rect initiative of the council, in consultation with the treas- 
 
 1 1t is necessary always to remember that I have omitted the whole 
 subject of ecclesiastical responsibilities for the administration of the sta¬ 
 tutes; cf. the last clause of the ordinance and quotations cited by Gas- 
 quet, Great Pestilence , 186. 
 
 215 
 
216 enforcement of the statutes of labourers 
 
 urer and the barons of the exchequer, that twice after¬ 
 wards in the course of the decade caused changes in the 
 law as to the disposition of these same penalties; first, in 
 the matter of the claims of the lords of franchises, and 
 second, in the application of certain arrears of penalties. It 
 was the council again, apparently at the instigation of the 
 king, which issued special grants of the penalties to certain 
 favored individuals. It is to be kept constantly in mind 
 that the systematic control exercised by the exchequer 
 over the work of the justices of labourers, was undoubt¬ 
 edly on many more occasions than have been noted, subject 
 to the supervision and advice of the council through the con¬ 
 necting link of the treasurer who was a member of the 
 council. 
 
 The form of the commissions issued to the justices of 
 labourers and the limits of the geographical districts with¬ 
 in which they were to act, seem to have been decided by 
 the council; and while there are on record many petitions 
 in parliament in the matter of the extension of the juris¬ 
 diction of the justices of labourers, notably in their relation 
 to the preservation of the peace, and of the question of the 
 consolidation of the two commissions, it appears that the 
 council had really settled the matter previous to the par¬ 
 liamentary legislation on the subject. The appointment of 
 the justices and their removal are chiefly in the hands of the 
 council, subject undoubtedly to suggestions from local 
 communities; the supervision of the proceedings of the 
 justices is steadily exercised by the council, through the 
 issue of supplementary instructions to them, or through the 
 appointment of special commissions of investigation; on at 
 least one occasion, even during the short period under con¬ 
 sideration, there is an appeal to the council from the parties 
 to a suit brought in the first instance before the justices of 
 labourers. More rarely, the council, instead of acting 
 
THE KING’S COUNCIL 
 
 217 
 
 through the existing administrative machinery, carries out 
 the provisions of the statutes directly; for example, it em¬ 
 powers two citizens of Norwich to compel labourers to 
 serve in accordance with the compulsory service clause of 
 the ordinance, 1 or it appoints a special commission to aid the 
 bishop of Winchester in securing service from one of his 
 villeins, also in accordance with a clause of the ordinance.' 
 The more important functions of the council, however, 
 are those to which reference has already been made, the 
 initiation of legislation or of changes in the law without 
 recourse to legislation, and the persistent control of the 
 administrative machinery. 
 
 Since the distinctive feature of the statutes of labourers 
 is that they represent the first thorough-going attempt to 
 impress uniform economic standards on the country at large, 
 and since the special machinery created to enforce these 
 standards became a permanent part of the new centralized 
 system of local justice that was cutting into the jurisdiction 
 of the old local courts, it was inevitable that these statutes 
 
 l Pat., 26, pt. 1, m. 10 d, 16 April; “ De operariis capiendis pro ciui- 
 tate Norwici pauianda et muris eiusdem ciuitatis dirrutis reparandis;” 
 Cal., ix, 283-284. “Cum . . . intellexerimus quod predicti ciues circa 
 pauiamentum et reparacionem predicta facienda et dictam ciuitatem 
 mundandam seruitoribus et operariis multum indigent, et quod quam- 
 plures homines et mulieres fortes et ad laborandum potentes in eadem 
 ciuitate vagantur ociosi et pro salario competenti operari recusant et 
 quia in ordinacione. . . .” 
 
 There is, of course, the regular practice of the issue by the crown of 
 writs empowering certain individuals to engage labourers for the royal 
 works at the statutory rates of wages; cf. e. g., Pat., 31, pt. 2, m. 11, 
 1 Aug.; “ De operariis capiendis.” There were sometimes difficulties 
 in carrying out such instructions; cf. Pat., 29, pt. 1, m. 27 d, 30 Jan.; 
 “ De quibusdam cementariis arestandis.” This is a commission to 
 Walter Albyn, serjeant-at-arms, and to the sheriff of Kent to arrest four 
 labourers for certain “ contemptibus et inobedienciis ” and to imprison 
 them in the Tower until further notice. 
 
 2 Cf. p. 200. 
 
jiS ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 should be mainly under the control of the council, the main¬ 
 spring of the central government. 1 What the privy council 
 of the Tudors 2 and of the Stuarts attempted to do in rela¬ 
 tion to the justices of the peace and the enforcement of the 
 poor law, 3 is what Edward’s council, though of course less 
 systematically, was attempting to do in relation to the jus¬ 
 tices of labourers and to the statutes which these justices 
 were appointed to enforce. 
 
 1 Mr. J. F. Baldwin has become the authority on the king’s council 
 for this early period; see his articles listed in my bibliography. His 
 conception of the council as “ a power working with great persistency 
 in legislation and administration, which it would be no exaggeration to 
 call the mainspring of the government” (article in A. H. R., xi, 15), 
 is fully borne out by the traces of its activity in relation to the labour 
 legislation. 
 
 2 Beard, Justice of the Peace , chs. 4 and 5. 
 
 3 Leonard, Early Hist, of Eng. Poor Relief , passim. 
 
CONCLUSION 
 
 It is now time to try to answer the questions suggested 
 in the introduction as to the legitimacy and effectiveness 
 of the statutes of labourers. In regard to the ethics of the 
 most familiar and obvious aspect of the legislation,—the 
 endeavor to keep wages and prices at the rates prevailing 
 before the plague,—authoritative statements will be war¬ 
 ranted only after an exhaustive study of the available sources 
 has resulted in statistics, 1 but the subject is so full of com¬ 
 plexities that even with statistics a decisive opinion will not 
 be easily formed. 
 
 The case against the government rests chiefly on two 
 considerations. First; the statutory rates of wages are too 
 low, recurring to standards already obsolete. 2 Second; the 
 apparent fairness in the regulation of prices as well as of 
 wages is misleading; the prices are for the most part of 
 goods sold directly by the makers and therefore constitute 
 really a labour wage, while the prices of victuals etc. not 
 coming under this head, are to be “ reasonable ” instead of 
 going back to an antiquated rate. 3 The case for the gov¬ 
 ernment is in my opinion even stronger. The scattered in¬ 
 stances noted in this monograph where a direct compari¬ 
 son between the old and new rates is possible reveal such 
 an enormous increase in both wages and prices, the demands 
 of both producers and labourers (whether combined in the 
 same individuals or not) went so far beyond what con¬ 
 sumers and employers could pay, the latter were also under 
 such unusual pressure of taxation, that the situation was 
 
 J Pt. i, ch. ii, s. 6. 2 Ibid., p. 87, note 4. 
 
 3 Professor Benjamin Terry writing to me in April, 1907, made a 
 forcible presentation of this argument. 
 
 219 
 
220 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 plainly a crisis of an unprecedented character, involving real 
 danger to the welfare of the community. In an age when 
 the idea of a competitive price had not yet been evolved 
 and when for normal conditions regulation by local authori¬ 
 ties of both wages and prices was the accepted custom, 1 
 it was natural and equitable that in an emergency the cen¬ 
 tral government should exert itself to the utmost to check 
 the evil. The evidence of the records examined in this 
 investigation goes to show that the attempt was honestly 
 meant to include prices as well as wages whenever there 
 had been a rise in the former also; under these circum¬ 
 stances it seems unreasonable to consider such an attempt 
 as unfair oppression of the working classes. From the 
 point of view of injustice, the inequity of the low statutory 
 rates of wages was surpassed by the exorbitance of the de¬ 
 mands of the labourers. 
 
 In turning to the problem of whether success or failure 
 is to be attributed to the endeavor to lower wages and 
 prices, it is clear that the preceding study warrants at 
 least one positive conclusion. The large number of justices 
 appointed within a short interval to enforce the laws, the 
 existing records of their sessions, the references to similar 
 records that have ceased to exist, the entries for the pay¬ 
 ment of their wages,—convincing proof of the regularity 
 of their sessions,—the importance to various claimants of 
 the penalties imposed by the justices,—chiefly, as has ap¬ 
 peared, for the receipt of excess wages and prices,—the 
 figures of the amounts of these penalties,—evidence of the 
 large sums actually levied on the labouring classes, — all 
 these facts point to the zealous administration of this por¬ 
 tion of the enactments. To the work of the special justices 
 in convicting labourers must be added the occasional efforts 
 
 1 Page 4, note 3; pt. ii, ch. i. 
 
CONCLUSION 
 
 221 
 
 of the old local courts, while the importance of the action 
 of the upper courts in attempting to compel employers as 
 well as employees to obey the law can not easily be over¬ 
 estimated. 1 In view of this cumulative evidence it is im¬ 
 possible to doubt that during this first decade the wages 
 and price clauses were thoroughly enforced. The fact that 
 rates remained high after the plague 2 by no means proves 
 that the thorough enforcement had no effect; on the con¬ 
 trary, it may prove that, had it not been for the deterrent 
 influence of the levying of penalties under the statutes, the 
 rise would have been even greater. Although from the 
 nature of the case there is no positive method of showing 
 what would have happened to wages and prices had no such 
 restrictions existed, my belief is that regulations as effi¬ 
 ciently carried out as these were for a short period, at least, 
 could not fail during that period to achieve their purpose 
 to some extent, although not, of course, to the extent de¬ 
 sired by their framers. That is to say, wages were not 
 kept at the statutory level, but they were kept for ten years 
 at a lower level than would have resulted from a regime 
 of free competition. 3 
 
 1 It has been shown that the cases on the contract clause in the upper 
 courts dealt indirectly with the wages clause; p. 178. 
 
 2 Pages 4-5, note 1. 
 
 3 For a recent statement of this view, see Oman, The Great Revolt , 
 7: “The Black Death permanently raised the price of labour—despite 
 of all statutes to the contrary— though its effects would have been much 
 greater if they had not been checked by the legislation of Parliament.’’ 
 
 The whole subject of economic restrictions is a matter of serious con¬ 
 troversy among economists. On one side it is maintained that the 
 usury laws tended on the whole to raise, not lower, the rate of interest: 
 on the other it is urged that the regulation of cab fares actually reduces 
 the price of cabs. It must, however, be confessed that the weight of 
 economic opinion is against my view. Without here attempting an 
 analysis of the conditions that go to determine the possibility of accom¬ 
 plishing a given end by such regulations, it will be universally admitted 
 that thoroughness of administration is essential, and that in the instance 
 under discussion this at least was secured. 
 
222 ENFORCEMENT OF THE STATUTES OF LABOURERS 
 
 To the question as to whether the statutes represent an 
 influence in favor of or opposed to the system of villein¬ 
 age, it is not easy to give a categorical answer. The en¬ 
 deavor to check the mobility even of the free labourer seems 
 at first sight an extension of the whole theory of villeinage; 
 but it is to be emphasized that this provision was merely 
 aimed at preventing a given labourer from refusing the 
 legal wages offered in his own district and from going to a 
 place where he could obtain higher wages. Likewise, the 
 compulsory service clause was not so much concerned with 
 stopping the vagrancy of either free or bond, as with 
 securing for the employer a sufficient supply of labour at 
 the normal rate. The specification that a lord could keep 
 only as many villeins as he actually needed is theoretically a 
 direct interference with the relations between lord and 
 villein and might conceivably have tended to put an end to 
 the old system; but the conservative attitude taken by the 
 upper courts on this question, as shown by their decision 
 that a lord might re-capture his villein in spite of a statutory 
 contract between the latter and another employer, neces¬ 
 sitates considerable modification of the statement that “ the 
 Edwardian statutes struck a very heavy blow at the whole 
 fabric of the manorial system.” 1 It has, however, been 
 suggested in the preceding pages that the provisions for the 
 employment of vagrants were an indirect admission that the 
 machinery of the manorial courts had become inadequate 
 for the task of recovering fugitive villeins, and that the 
 lords needed some other means of securing labourers, and 
 that therefore a remedy was provided for them by the 
 agency of the central government. 2 The fact that villeins 
 
 1 Petrushevsky, quoted by Savine, in “ Bondmen under the Tudors,” 
 in Trans. Royal Hist. Soc., new series, xvii, 254. 
 
 * Pages 205-206. 
 
CONCLUSION 
 
 223 
 
 were being tried and convicted by the justices of la¬ 
 bourers exactly like free men, and that they were them¬ 
 selves bringing audacious suits in quarter sessions against 
 their own masters; the fact that these masters evidently 
 preferred to leave to the crown-appointed officials the brunt 
 of the work of enforcing these measures against their 
 tenants whether free or bond, while they themselves merely 
 received the fiscal profits resulting from convictions; these 
 facts, as well as many others, all point in the same direc¬ 
 tion. The cataclysm of the Black Death had hastened the 
 break-down of the old system and had accelerated changes 
 in economic and social relations throughout the community; 
 the statutes of labourers must be regarded not as having 
 created a new system or a new set of economic relations, 
 but as affording proof that radical changes had occurred, 
 ushering in a new era. 
 
 Finally, in defence of the theory that this legislation 
 was on the whole equitable, emphasis must be laid on that 
 aspect of the statutes which has been usually neglected, 
 namely their relation to the existing law of parol contract. 
 From a modern point of view the endeavor of the upper 
 courts to enforce contracts is obviously justified and com¬ 
 mands sympathy and approbation. Although to a certain 
 extent this endeavor was successful, the number of actions 
 on the contract clause against masters proves the truth of 
 the statement that it was in the end the keen competition of 
 employers that made it impossible permanently to check the 
 rise in wages. 1 
 
 For this decade, then, the evidence is conclusive in favor 
 of the belief that the statutes were enforced and tends to 
 show that they were by no means inoperative, but for the 
 course of events during the remainder of Edward’s reign, 
 
 1 Petrushevsky, reviewed by Savine in E. H. R., xvii, 781. 
 
224 ENFORCEMENT of the statutes of labourers 
 
 except for the work of the upper courts, there is as yet very 
 little definite information. The petitions in parliament in¬ 
 dicate a possible falling-off in the energy with which the 
 statutes were administered; certainly d priori, no officials 
 would be as zealous as the justices of labourers, who had 
 no other duties, and whose salaries depended directly on 
 securing a goodly number of convictions; but all opinions 
 are more or less of the nature of guess-work until the 
 sources for the last part of the reign have been thoroughly 
 examined. Only after such an examination will there be a 
 possibility of understanding the precise relations of the 
 statutes to the great revolt. 1 
 
 My main object has been to give an account of admin¬ 
 istrative methods, and to call attention to the manuscript 
 sources; there has proved to be an almost inexhaustible 
 wealth of material for statistics of wages and prices, and 
 for detailed information as to the manner of life of the 
 ordinary people. It is to be hoped that in the near future 
 some one better fitted for the task than is the present writer 
 will make use of this material for the purpose of giving a 
 vivid picture of this daily life, in order that “ the thoughts 
 of our forefathers, their common thoughts about common 
 things, will have become thinkable once more.” 2 
 
 1 Langland is worth quoting: 
 
 “ And thanne curseth he the kynge and al his conseille after, 
 
 Suche lawes to loke laboreres to greue.” 
 
 Vision of Piers the Plowman , ed. Skeat, B. Passus vi, 318-319. 
 
 Valuable results might be obtained if an investigator were to take a 
 given county, Essex, for example, and examine all the material having 
 to do with the statutes for the whole period from 1349 to 1381. 
 
 Maitland, Domesday Book and Beyond , 520. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 I. ACCOUNT OF SOURCES 
 
 II. DOCUMENTS, EXTRACTS FROM DOCUMENTS, LISTS 
 AND TABLES 
 
‘ I. ACCOUNT OF SOURCES 
 
 The explanation of the inadequate treatment hitherto ac¬ 
 corded the statutes of labourers lies in the scarcity of the 
 printed sources. The contemporary writers, chroniclers and 
 others (a convenient bibliography for the period is to be found 
 in Tout's Polit. Hist, of Eng., 1216-1377, app. 451-460) have 
 long been available and have been freely used by later com¬ 
 mentators. They are important as reflecting the attitude of 
 certain sections of the community, much as do the daily papers 
 of the present; but for the description of administrative meth¬ 
 ods, they by no means take the place of the official records 
 on which the preceding study of the enforcement of the stat¬ 
 utes has been based. These official records fall into three 
 main classes, belonging to, first, the central government; sec¬ 
 ond, the old local courts, communal, seignorial, and municipal; 
 third, the church. 
 
 For the church, the important records for my purpose are 
 the episcopal registers preserved in the diocesan registries. 
 For an account of these, cf. Gross, Sources of Eng. Hist., 40 2. 
 For a list of those in print or calendared for this decade, cf. 
 ibid., loc. cit.; and Tout, op. cit., app. 449-450. 
 
 With the necessary limitation of the length of my stay in 
 England, I decided to omit altogether a study of the admin¬ 
 istration in the hands of the church, since the material for 
 such a study is scattered throughout the country. Further, I 
 have not attempted to deal thoroughly with the old local 
 courts, since so small a proportion of their rolls are to be 
 found in the Public Record Office. In the case of the central 
 government, however, the sources, as far as they exist at all 
 for the years 1349-1359, are preserved in the Record Office. 
 
 3 * 
 
4 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 * 
 
 Almost the only important exceptions are the manuscript Year 
 Books, which must be sought in other archives; cf. pt. ii, ch. ii, 
 s. i of my text. It seemed wise, therefore, to concentrate my 
 efforts on the endeavor to make as complete as possible an 
 examination of these sources. 
 
 The various classes of records and their contents have been 
 analyzed and described by competent authorities; for example, 
 by Scargill-Bird in his invaluable Guide to the Public Records, 
 by Gross, in the excellent summaries preceding the different 
 sections of his Sources of Eng. Hist., or in less technical form 
 by Tout in the appendix to Polit. Hist, of Eng. Further, the 
 publications of the old Record Commission and the calendars 
 in the annual reports of the deputy keeper cover a wide field, 
 while the present official series of calendars and of lists and 
 indexes will eventually constitute a complete catalogue of the 
 documents in the Record Office. In the meantime many manu¬ 
 script lists available only on the spot are of great assistance 
 to the investigator. 
 
 No general description of the material being needed, my 
 plan in the following pages is to give brief summaries of the 
 various classes of manuscript records important for my pur¬ 
 pose, with references to any portions that are in print, and to 
 note what proportion of each class has been included in my 
 search; also to point out certain errors and inadequacies 
 in the official calendars and lists and to call attention to a 
 notable omission on the part of nearly all authorities of one 
 whole class of records essential for my subject. 
 
 These summaries and critical comments will serve as intro¬ 
 ductions to the groups of documents and extracts from docu¬ 
 ments constituting the bulk of this appendix. Except in a 
 very few instances, these documents have not been hitherto 
 printed and have been selected from each important class of 
 records, the greater number being taken from those classes 
 that are least likely in the near future to be calendared or 
 printed. To these texts have been added certain lists and 
 tables based on the manuscript sources. 
 
ACCOUNT OF SOURCES 5 * 
 
 A word must be said in explanation of the method chosen 
 for grouping the documents. The three great departments 
 responsible for the enrollment and the custody of the records 
 of the central government are chancery, the exchequer and the 
 courts of law. For purposes of investigation it proved con¬ 
 venient to consider separately the chief enactments of parlia¬ 
 ment and council, to distinguish the judicial from the admin¬ 
 istrative side of chancery, and to regard the courts as being 
 of two types, local courts under crown-appointed justices, and 
 upper courts, including the king’s bench, common pleas, chan- 
 eery and the council. To these must be added a third type— 
 the old local courts already mentioned, communal, seignorial 
 and municipal—some of their rolls being also in the Public 
 Record Office. 
 
 The resulting classification—A. Parliament and council; B. 
 Chancery on the administrative side; C. Local courts under 
 crown-appointed justices; D. Exchequer; E. Old local courts; 
 F. Upper courts;—is roughly analogous (except for A.) to the 
 main divisions of my administrative study. The correspond¬ 
 ence is not exact, the chief difficulty being the part played 
 by the council, which has to be treated under every depart¬ 
 ment. There are also frequent cross-classifications; e. g., par¬ 
 dons for outlawry mark one step in the judicial system and 
 yet are necessarily recorded on the Patent Rolls. On the whole, 
 however, it is believed that the groups of documents as ar¬ 
 ranged will serve to illustrate with some clearness the various 
 phases of the administrative process, and it is hoped that they 
 will be studied in connection with the corresponding sections 
 of my text. 
 
II. DOCUMENTS, EXTRACTS FROM DOCUMENTS, 
 
 LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 A. Parliament and Council 
 
 INTRODUCTORY NOTE 
 
 Parliamentary and other Petitions (Chancery and Exchequer). 
 
 These include almost all the extant petitions of the 
 period to king, council, parliament, and chancellor 
 in his executive capacity. Cf. Scargill-Bird, op. cit., 
 284-285, and Maitland, Records of the Parliament of 
 1305, introduction, xxvi. 
 
 Index of Ancient Petitions of the Chancery and the Ex¬ 
 chequer, Lists and Indexes, no. 1. 
 
 Merely a list of names of the petitioners, with no 
 indication of the contents of the petitions; in many 
 cases the latter are undated, and are, therefore, unin¬ 
 telligible. About a tenth are printed in Rotidi Par- 
 liamentorum. 
 
 Throughout my account of administrative methods 
 it has been emphasized that traces of the activity of 
 the council in relation to the statutes of labourers 
 are everywhere apparent; this fact thus confirms the 
 truth of Mr. Baldwin’s theory that before the era of 
 the keeping of formal council records, its doings can 
 be followed by a study of the records of other 
 branches of government. It seems probable, there¬ 
 fore, that an exhaustive examination of these petitions 
 with a given subject in view, like the statutes of 
 labourers, and in connection with other available 
 
 6 * 
 
DOCUMENTS , LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 y * 
 
 sources, would reveal the date and real significance of 
 innumerable undated petitions, and would thus throw 
 light on the working of mediaeval machinery. My in¬ 
 vestigation has included so few out of the mass of 
 about 16,000 petitions that the results are not im¬ 
 portant. 
 
 Royal and Historical Letters, collected from various classes of 
 documents; cf. Scargill-Bird, op. cit., 330-331. 
 
 List of Ancient Correspondence of the Chancery and Ex¬ 
 chequer , Lists and Indexes , no. xv. 
 
 Undoubtedly some of these would also reveal coun¬ 
 cil methods but have not been included in my search. 
 
 Parliament Rolls. (Chancery.) 
 
 Parliamentary and other Proceedings. (Chancery). 
 
 Parliamentary Proceedings. (Exchequer, K. R.) 
 
 Statute Rolls; imperfect, supplemented by the above. 
 
 Rotuli Parliamentorum. 
 
 These include parliament rolls from various sources, 
 some of the material contained in the second of the 
 two series of “ Parliamentary Proceedings/’ and 
 many petitions from “Parliamentary and other Peti¬ 
 tions.” Cf. Maitland, Records of the Parliament of 
 1305, introduction, xxvii, xxxii, lxii. 
 
 I have relied altogether on the printed Rotuli. 
 
 The Statutes of the Realm. 
 
 These include the Statute Rolls, some of the ma¬ 
 terial contained in the second of the two series of 
 “ Parliamentary Proceedings,” and a number of 
 British Museum transcripts of documents of various 
 kinds. 
 
 As illustrative of parliament and council action, 
 the statutes and ordinances are, of course, the most 
 important; in this case it has, therefore, seemed wise 
 to depart from my plan of including in the appendix 
 
8 * 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 •f !•< 
 
 i 
 
 only documents hitherto unprinted, and for conveni¬ 
 ence to give the text of the labour legislation of the 
 decade. The statutes have been reprinted from the 
 Statutes of the Realm , but have been collated with 
 the originals on the Statute Roll. The first ordinance, 
 also reprinted from the Statutes , has been collated 
 with the Close Roll enrollment and has been grouped 
 with the other enactments; but the second ordinance 
 and the “Statutum de Forma, etc,” which the editors 
 of the Statutes took from British Museum transcripts, 
 with some consequent errors, are now printed from 
 exchequer enrollments and grouped with other ex¬ 
 chequer documents. 1 * 
 
 i. List of Parliaments 1349-1359. 2 
 
 1351-■• 
 
 ...25 
 
 Edw. 
 
 III. 
 
 .9 Feb.—1 March. 
 
 1352... 
 
 .. .25-26 Edw. III... 
 
 .13 Jan.—11 Feb. 
 
 1353 -•• 
 
 ...27 
 
 Edw. 
 
 Ill. 
 
 .23 Sept.—12 Oct. 
 
 1354 -•• 
 
 
 u 
 
 
 .28 April—20 May. 
 
 I 35 S-•• 
 
 ...29 
 
 tt 
 
 
 . 12 Nov.—30 Nov. 
 
 1356 ... 
 
 ...30 
 
 (( 
 
 
 .No parliament. 
 
 1357 -•• 
 
 ...31 
 
 CC 
 
 
 . 10 April—16 May. 
 
 1358-•• 
 
 ...32 
 
 CC 
 
 
 .5 Feb.—27 Feb. 
 
 1359 *.• 
 
 •••33 
 
 cc 
 
 
 .No parliament. 
 
 2. Enactments. Extracts from Close Rolls and Statute Rolls. 
 
 Rotuli Literarum Clausarum, 23 Edw. Ill, pt. 1, m. 8 d.: 3 
 De proclamacione facienda de seruientibus. 
 
 Rex vicecomiti Kane’, salutem. Quia magna pars populi et 
 maxime operariorum et seruientum iam in ista pestilencia est 
 
 1 App. D, 1 and 2. 
 
 1 Parry, Parliaments and Councils , introduction, lvi. 
 
 3 Statutes, 23 Edw. Ill, cc. 1-7; Rymer, iii, pt. i, 198; the latter gives 
 the erroneous date of 24 Edw. iii. A summary appears in Cal. Close 
 Rolls , ix, 87-88; and it is enrolled in London Letter Book F; cf. Cal., 
 192. 
 
DOCUMENTS , LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 9 
 
 * 
 
 defuncta, nonnulli videntes 1 necessitatem dominorum et pauci- 
 tatem seruientum seruire nolunt nisi salaria recipiant excessiua, 
 et alii mendicare malentes in ocio quam per laborem querere 
 victum suum; nos pensantes grauia que ex carencia presertim 
 cultorum et operariorum huiusmodi peruenire possent incom- 
 moda, super hoc cum prelatis et nobilibus et peritis aliis nobis 
 assistentibus deliberacionem habuimus et tractatum; de quorum 
 vnanimi consilio duximus ordinandum: 
 
 Quod quilibet homo et femina regni nostri Anglie, cuius- 
 cumque condicionis fuerit, libere vel seruilis, potens in corpore 
 et infra etatem sexaginta annorum, non viuens de mercatura, 
 nec certum excercens artificium, nec habens de suo proprio 
 vnde viuere vel terrain propriam circa culturam cuius se poterit 
 occupare, et alteri non seruiens, si de seruiendo in seruicio 
 congruo considerato statu suo fuerit requisitus, seruire teneatur 
 illi qui ipsum sic duxerit requirendum; et percipiat dumtaxat 
 vadia, liberaciones, mercedes, seu salaria, que in locis vbi ser¬ 
 uire debeat consueta sunt prestari anno regni nostri Anglie 
 vicesimo, vel annis communibus quinque vel sex proxime pre- 
 cedentibus. Prouiso quod domini preferantur aliis in natiuis 
 seu terram suam tenentibus sic in seruicio suo retinendis. Ita 
 tamen quod huiusmodi domini sic retineant tot quot sibi fuerint 
 necessarii et non plures; et si tabs vir vel mulier, sic de serui¬ 
 endo requisitus vel requisita, hoc facere noluerit, hoc probato 
 per duos fideles homines coram vicecomite, balliuo, domino, 
 aut constabulario ville vbi hoc fieri contigerit, statim per eos 
 vel eorum aliquem capiatur et mittatur proxime gaole, ibidem 
 sub arta moretur custodia quousque securitatem inuenerit de 
 seruiendo in forma predicta. 
 
 Et si messor, falcator aut alius operarius uel seruiens, cuius- 
 cumque status fuerit seu condicionis, in seruicio alicuius re- 
 tentus, ante finem termini concordati, a dicto seruicio sine 
 causa racionabili vel licencia recesserit, penam imprisonamenti 
 subeat, et nullus sub eadem pena talem in seruicio suo recipere 
 vel retinere presumat. 
 
 1 MS. videndes. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 IO * 
 
 Nullus eciam vadia, liberaciones, merceries seu salaria maiora 
 solito, sicut predictum est, alicui soluat vel soluere promittat; 
 nec aliquis ea alio modo exigat vel recipiat, sub pena dupli 
 illius quod sic solutum, promissum fuerit, aut exactum vel re- 
 ceptum, illi qui ex hoc se senserit grauatum; et nullo tali 
 volenti prosequi, tunc cuicumque de populo qui hoc prosecutus 
 fuerit applicandum; et fiat huiusmodi prosecucio in curia 
 domini loci quo tabs casus acciderit; et si domini villarum vel 
 maneriorum contra presentem ordinacionem nostram, per se 
 vel ministros suos, in aliquo venire presumpserint, tunc in 
 comitatibus, wapentachiis et trithingis, vel aliis curiis nostris 
 huiusmodi, ad penam tripli per eos vel ministros suos sic soluti 
 vel promissi, in forma predicta fiat prosecucio contra eos; et 
 si forsan aliquis ante presentem ordinacionem cum aliquo de 
 sic seruiendo pro maiori salario conuenerit, ipse racione dicte 
 conuencionis ad soluendum vltra id quod alias tali consuetum 
 est soluere minime teneatur; immo soluere plus sub pena pre¬ 
 dicta non presumat. 
 
 Item, sellarii, pelletarii, allutarii, sutores, cissores, fabri, Car¬ 
 pentaria cementarii, tegularii, batellarii, carectarii, et quicumque 
 alii artifices et operarii, non capiant pro labore et artificio suo 
 vltra id quod dicto anno vicesimo et aliis communibus annis 
 precedentibus vt premittitur, in locis quibus eos operari con- 
 tigerit talibus solui consueuit; et si quis plus receperit gaole 
 proxime modo quo premittitur committatur. 
 
 Item quod carnifices, piscenarii, hostellarii, braciatores, pis- 
 tores, pullettarii, et omnes alii venditores victualium quorum- 
 cumque, teneantur huiusmodi victualia vendere pro precio ra- 
 cionabili, habita consideracione ad precium quo huiusmodi vic¬ 
 tualia in locis propinquis venduntur: ita quod habeant huius¬ 
 modi venditores moderatum lucrum, non excessiuum, prout 
 distancia locorum a quibus victualia huiusmodi cariantur dux- 
 erit racionabiliter requirendum; et si quis victualia huiusmodi 
 alio modo vendiderit, et inde in forma predicta conuictus fuerit, 
 soluat duplum illius quod receperit dampnificato, vel in defectu 
 illius alteri qui prosequi voluerit in hac parte; et habeant po- 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES n * 
 
 testatem maior et balliui ciuitatuum et burgorum, villarum 
 mercatoriarum et aliarum, ac portuum et locorum maritimorum 
 ad inquirendum de omnibus et singulis qui contra hoc in aliquo 
 deliquerint et ad penam predictam ad opus illorum, ad quorum 
 sectam huiusmodi delinquentes conuicti fuerint, leuandum; et 
 in casu quo iidem maior et balliui execucionem premissorum 
 facere neclexerint, et de hoc coram iusticiariis per nos assig- 
 nandis convicti fuerint, tunc iidem maior et balliui ad triplum 
 rei sic vendite huiusmodi dampnificato, vel alteri in defectu 
 illius prosequenti, soluendum per eosdem iusticiarios compel- 
 lantur, et nichilominus versus nos grauiter puniantur. 
 
 Et quia multi validi mendicantes, quamdiu possent ex men- 
 dicatis elemosinis viuere, laborare renuunt, vacando ociis et 
 peccatis, et quandoque latrociniis et aliis flagiciis, nullus sub 
 pena imprisonamenti predicta, talibus qui commode laborare 
 poterunt, sub colore pietatis vel elemosine quicquam dare seu 
 eos in sua desidia confouere presumat, vt sic compellantur 
 pro vite necessario laborare. 
 
 Tibi precipimus firmiter iniungentes quod premissa omnia et 
 singula in civitatibus, burgis et villis mercatoriis, portubus 
 maris et aliis locis in balliua tua vbi expedire videris, tarn 
 infra libertates quam extra, publice proclamari et teneri, et 
 execucionem debitam inde fieri facias, sicut predictum est; et 
 hoc sicut nos et communem vtilitatem regni nostri diligis et te 
 ipse indempnem seruare volueris nullatenus omittas. 
 
 Teste Rege apud Westmonasterium, xviii die Iunii per ipsum 
 Regem et totum consilium. 
 
 Consimilia breuia diriguntur singulis vicecomitibus per An- 
 gliam. 
 
 Rex venerabili in Christo patri W. eadem gracia episcopo 
 Wyntoniensi, salutem. Quia magna pars populi etc. vt supra, 
 usque pro vite necessario laborare, et tunc sic: et ideo vos 
 rogamus quod premissa in singulis ecclesiis et locis aliis vestre 
 diocesis quibus expedire videritis, publicari faciatis; mandantes 
 rectoribus, vicariis ecclesiarum huiusmodi, ministris et aliis sub- 
 
12 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 * 
 
 ditis vestris, vt parochianos suos ad laborandum et ad tenendum 
 ordinaciones predictas, sicut instans necessitas exigit, salu- 
 taribus monitis solicitent et inducant: Vos eciam capellanos 
 stipendiaries dicte vestre diocesis, qui similiter iam sine exces- 
 siuo nolunt, vt dicitur, seruire salario, compescatis; et ad serui- 
 endum pro consueto salario prout expedit, sub pena suspen¬ 
 sion^ et interdicte compellatis. Et hoc sicut nos et communem 
 vtilitatem dicti regni nostri diligitis, nullatenus omittatis. 
 
 Teste ut supra. 
 
 per ipsum Regem et totum consilium. 
 
 Consimile litere rogatiue diriguntur singulis episcopis An- 
 glie ac custodi spiritualitatis archiepiscopatus Cantuariensis, 
 sede vacante, sub eadem data. 
 
 Ex magno Rotulo Statutorum . . . m. 18. 
 
 Statuta in parliamento tento apud Westmonasterium in octabis 
 Purificacionis beate Marie virginis anno regni domini Ed- 
 wardi Regis Anglie . . . vicesimo quinto . . } 
 
 Come nadgairs contra la malice de seruantz, queux furent 
 preciouses et nient voillantz seruir apres la pestilence, sanz 
 trop outrageouses lowers prendre, feut ordine par nostre seig- 
 nur le Roi et par assent des prelatz, nobles et autres de son 
 conseil, que tieux maners des seruantz, sibien hommes come 
 femmes, fussent tenuz de seruir, receyuantz salaries et gages 
 accustumez es lieus ou ils deueront seruir, lan du regne le dit 
 nostre seignur le Roi vintisme, ou cink ou sis annz deuant, et 
 que mesmes les seruantz refusantz seruir par autiele manere 
 fuissent punys par emprisonement de lour corps, sicome en 
 mesme lordenance est contenuz plus au playn; Sur qoi com¬ 
 missions furent faites as diuerses gentz en chescun counte den- 
 quere et punir touz ceaux que venissent au contraire; Et ia 
 par tant que done est entendre a nostre dit seignur le Roi en 
 cest present parlement, par la peticion de la commune, que les 
 ditz seruantz nient eiantz regard a la dite ordenance, mes a 
 
 1 Statutes, 25 Edw. Ill, st. 2, cc. 1-7; Rot. Par/., ii, 233b-235a; en¬ 
 rolled in London Letter Book F; cf. Cal., 232. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 13 
 
 * 
 
 lour eses et singulers couetises, se retreent de seruir as grantz 
 ou as autres sils neyent liueresons et lowers au duble ou treble 
 de ceo quils soloient prendre le dit an vintisme et deuant, a 
 grant damage des grantz, et empouericement des touz ceux de 
 la dite commune, dont il estoit prie par mesme la commune de 
 remedie; par qoi en mesme le parlement, par assent des pre- 
 latz, countes, barons, et autres grantz, et de la dite commune 
 illoques assemblez, pur refreyndre la malice des ditz seruantz 
 sont ordenes et estables les choses suzescriptz. Cest assauoir: 
 
 Que chescun charetter, caruer, chaceour des carues, bercher, 
 porcher, deye, et touz autres seruantz, preignent liueresons et 
 lowers accustumes le dit an vintisme et quatre annz deuant; 
 issint qen pays ou furment soleit estre done preignent pur le 
 bussel x d. ou furment a la volunte le donur, tanques autre- 
 ment soit ordeigne; et qils soient allowes de seruir par lan 
 entier ou autres termes vsuels, et nemye par iournes, et que 
 nul preigne en temps de sarcler ou feyns faire forsques i d. le 
 iour; et fauchours des preez pur lacre v d. ou par la iourne 
 v d., et sciours des blees en la primere symaigne daust ii d. et 
 en la seconde iii d. et issint tanques au fyn Daust, et meyns 
 en pays ou meyns soleit estre done, saunz mangier ou autre 
 curtoysie demander, doner ou prendre; et que tieux ouerours 
 portent ouertement en lour meyns as villes marchantz lour in- 
 strumentz, et illoeques soient alowes en lieu commune et nemye 
 priue. 
 
 Item que nul preigne pur le batre de vn quarter de furment 
 ou segle, outre ii d. ob., et pur le quarter dorge, feues, poys, 
 et aueynes i d. ob. si tant soleit estre done; et en pays ou 
 homme soleit scier pur certeyns garbes et batre pur certeyns 
 busseux, ne preigne plus nen autre manere qil soleit le dit an 
 vintisme et deuant; et que mesmes les seruantz soient sermentez 
 deux foitz par an deuant seignurs, seneschals, baillifs et cone- 
 stables de chescune ville, a ceste chose tenir et faire, et que nul 
 de eux irra hors de la ville ou il demoert en yuer, pur seruir 
 en estee, sil puisse auoir seruice en mesme la ville, pernant 
 come deuant est dit; sauve que les gentz des countez de Staf- 
 
14 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 * 
 
 ford, Lancastre et Derby, et gentz de Crauen et de la marche 
 de Gales et Descoce, et autres lieux puissent venir en temps 
 Daust, de laborer en autres countes, et saluement returner 
 come ils soloient faire auant ses heures; et que ceux que re- 
 fusent de faire tiel serement ou perfourner ceo qils ount iures, 
 ou empris, soient mys en ceppes par les ditz seignurs, sene- 
 schaux, baillifs et conestables des villes, par trois iours ou 
 pluis, ou mandez a la procheyn gaole, a demorer illoeques 
 tanques ils se voillent iusticer; et que ceppes soient faitz en 
 chescune ville par celle encheson enter cy et la Pentecost. 
 
 Item que carpenters, masons, teglers, et autres couerours des 
 mesons, ne preignent le iour pur lour ouereygne forsque en 
 manere come ils soleient, cest assauoir, mestre carpenter iii d. 
 et autre ii d.; mestre meson de franche peer iiii d. et autre 
 mason iii d. et lour seruantz i d. ob.; teguler iii d. et son gar- 
 ceon i d. ob. et couerour de ros et estreym iii d. et son garceon 
 i d. ob. 
 
 Item plastrers et autres ouerours des mures darzill et lour 
 garceons par mesme la manere, saunz mangier ou boire, cest 
 assauoir, de la Pasche tanques a la Seynt Michel; et de cel 
 temps meyns solonc lafiferant et discrecion des iustices qi ser- 
 ront a ce assignez; et que ceux qui fount cariage, par terre ou 
 par ewe, ne preignent pluis pur tiel cariage faire, qils ne 
 soloient le dit an vintisme et quatre annz devant. 
 
 Item que coiuoisers ne suours ne vendent botes, soulers, 
 nautre chose touchant lour mister par autre manere qils ne 
 soleint le dit an vintisme: et que orfeures, sellers, ferrours des 
 chiuaux, esporoners, tannours, correours, pelleters, taillours, et 
 touz autres ouerours, artificers, et laborers, et touz autres 
 seruantz nient especifiez, soient sermentez deuant les dites ius¬ 
 tices de faire et vser leur artes et offices en manere come ils 
 fesoient le dit an vintisme et en temps deuant, sanz les refuser 
 par cause de ceste ordinance; et si nul des ditz seruantz, la¬ 
 borers, oeuerours, ou artificers apres tiel serment fait viegne 
 encontre celle ordinance, soit puny par fin, ranceon, et cm- 
 prisonement, selonc la discrecion des dites iustices. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES I5 * 
 
 Item que les ditz seneschalx, baillifs et conestables des dites 
 villes, soient sermentez deuant meismes les iustices denquere 
 diligeanment, par totes les bones voies quils purront, de touz 
 ceux qi vendront contre ceste ordinance, et de certifier meismes 
 les iustices de lours nouns, a totes les foitz qils vendront en 
 pays pur faire lour sessions; issint que les dites iustices ewe 
 certificacion de meismes les seneschalx, baillifs et conestables, 
 des nouns de rebeaux, les facent attacher par lour corps, destre 
 deuant meismes les iustices a respondre des tielx contemptz, 
 issint qils facent fyn et raunceon au Roi en cas qils soient 
 atteintz, et outre soient commandez a la prisone, a y demurer 
 tanqils aueront troue seurete de seruir et prendre, et lour oue- 
 reignes faire, et choses vendables vendre, en la manere auant- 
 dite; et en cas que nul de eux viegne contre son serement, et 
 de ce soit atteint, eit la prisone de xl iours, et si autrefoitz il 
 soit conuict eit la prisone dun quarter del an, issint que a 
 chescun foitz qil trespas, et soit conuict, eit la penance au 
 double: et que meismes les iustices enquergent a chescune 
 foitz qils vendront, des ditz seneschalx, baillifs et conestables 
 sils eient fait bone et loiale certificacion ou nule concele, par 
 doun, procurement, ou affinite, et les punir par fyn et ranceon 
 sils soient trouez coupables: et que meismes les iustices eient 
 poair denquere et faire due punissement des ditz ministres, 
 ouerours, laborers, et autres seruantz queconques, et auxint 
 des hostelers, herbergers, et ceux qi vendont vitailles en retaille, 
 et autres choses nient especifiez, si bien a la suite de partie, 
 come par presentment, et doier et terminer et mettre la chose 
 en execucion par Exigend apres le primer Capias, si mestier 
 soit, et de deputer autres soutz eux, tantz et tielx come ils 
 verront que mieltz soit, pur la garde de meisme ceste ordinance; 
 et que ceux qi vorront suir, vers tielx seruantz, ouerours, et 
 laborers, pur excesse pris deux et ils soient de ce atteintz a 
 lour suite, qils puissent reauoir cel excesse; et en cas que nul 
 voudra suir pur tiel excesse reauoir, adonqes soit leue des ditz 
 seruantz, ouerours, laborers et artificers et liuere as coillours 
 de la quinzisme, en alleggeance des villes ou tiel excesse fut pris.. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 l6* 
 
 Item que viscontes, conestables, baillifs, gaolers, et clercs des 
 iustices ou des viscontes, nautres ministres queconqes, rienz ne 
 preignent par cause de lour offices, de meismes les seruantz, 
 pur fees, suete de prisone, nen autre manere; et sils eient 
 rienz pris en tiele manere, qils les facent deliuerer as coillours 
 des disme et quinzisme, en eide de la commune pur temps qe 
 les disme et quinzisme courgent, auxibien pur tout le temps 
 passe come pur le temps auenir; et que les dites iustices en- 
 quergent en lour sessions si les ditz ministres eient rienz receuz 
 de meismes les seruantz et ce quils troueront par dels enquestes 
 que les ditz ministres aueront receuz, facent meismes les ius¬ 
 tices leuer de chescun des ditz ministres et liuerer as ditz coil¬ 
 lours ensemblement od lexcesses, fins et ranceons faitz, et 
 auxint les amerciementz de toux ceux qi serront amerciez 
 deuant les ditz iustices, en allegeance des villes come desus est 
 dit; et en cas que lexcesse troue en vne ville passe la quantite 
 de la quinzisme de meisme la ville, soit le remenant de del 
 excesse leue, et paie par les ditz coillours a les plus proscheines 
 villes poures, en eide de lour quinzisme, par auisement des ditz 
 iustices; et que les fins, raunceons, excesses et amerciementz 
 des ditz seruantz et laborers pur temps auenir, currante la dite 
 quinzisme, soient liuerez as ditz coillours en la forme susdite, 
 par endenture afifaire entre eux et les ditz iustices, issint que 
 meismes les coillours puissent estre chargez sur lour accompt 
 par meismes les endentures, en cas que les ditz fins, raunceons, 
 amerciementz et excesses, ne soient paiez en eide de la quin¬ 
 zisme auantdite, et cessante meisme la quinzisme, soit leue al 
 oeps le Roi et respondu a lui par le viscont du countee. 
 
 Item que les ditz iustices facent lour sessions en touz les 
 countes Dengleterre au meins quatre foitz par an, cest assauoir, 
 a les festes del Annunciacion de nostre Dame, Seinte Mar- 
 garete, Seint Michel, et Seint Nicholas, et auxint totes les 
 foitz qil busoignera selonc la descrecion des iustices; et que 
 ceux qi parlent en presence des dites iustices, ou autres choses 
 facent en lour absence ou presence, en abaudissement ou mein- 
 tenance des ditz seruantz et laborers, au contraire de cest ordi- 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES iy * 
 
 nance, soient greuement punys selonc la discrecion des dites 
 Justices: et si nul des ditz laborers, artificers ou seruantz senfue 
 dun countee tanques en autre, par cause de ceste ordinance, 
 que les viscontes des countes ou tiels futiues serront trouez les 
 facent prendre, au mandement des iustices des countes dont ils 
 senfuerent, et le mesnent a la chief gaole de meisme cel counte, 
 illoeques a demurer tanques a la proscheine session des meismes 
 les iustices, et que les ditz viscontz returnent tielx mandementz 
 deuant meismes les iustices a lour proscheines sessions, et que 
 ceste ordinance soit tenue et garde, sibien deinz la citee de 
 Londres come en autres citees et burghs et aillours parmy la 
 terre, sibien deinz franchise come dehors. 
 
 Ex magno Rotulo Statutorum ... m. 15. 
 
 Statutum contra adnullatores iudiciorum curie Regis factum 
 anno XXVII 0 . 1 
 
 • ••«••••* 
 Ensement pur les grantz et outraieouses chiertees des vitail- 
 les, que les hostelers des herbergeries et autres regraters de 
 vitailles fount par tout le roialme, a grant damage du poeple 
 qi passe parmie le roialme, accorde est et establi, que iustices 
 sachantz de lei, qi soient bones et couenables soient de nouel 
 eslutz denquere des faitx et des outrages de tieux hostelers, 
 regraters, laborers, et touz autres compris en lestatut autre- 
 foitz ent fait; et de les punir, et outre faire droit au Roi et 
 au poeple: Sauuant totesfoitz a chescun seignur et autres leur 
 franchises en toutz pointz. 
 
 Ex magno Rotulo Statutorum . . . m. 14. 
 
 Statutum de anno vicesimo octauo Regis Edwardi tercii. 2 
 • •••••••* 
 
 Item, acorde est et establi, que feer fait en Engleterre, et 
 feer mesne en Engleterre et illoeques vendu, ne soit mesne hors 
 du roialme Dengleterre sur peine de forfaire le double deuers 
 le Roi: 
 
 1 Statutes, 27 Edw. Ill, st. 1, c. 3. 
 
 2 Ibid., 28 Edw. Ill, c. 5. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 18 * 
 
 Et eient les iustices assignez denquere de laborers, et autres 
 iustices queux le Roi vodra a ce assigner, poer denquere de 
 ceux qui vendent le feer a trop cher pris et de les punir solonc 
 la quantite de trespas. 
 
 Ex magno Rotulo Statutorum ... m. 13. 
 
 Statutum editum apud Westmonasterium die Lune proximo 
 post septimanam Pasche anno XXXI 0 . 1 
 
 • •••• •• •• 
 
 Item, coment que par estatut nadgairs fait fuist ordine, que 
 les issues, fins et amercimentz des seruantz, artificers et autres 
 ouerours, aiuggez deuant iustices des laborers, serroient au 
 Roi apres les trois anns de la quinzisme triennale, adonqes 
 grante au Roi par la commune de son roialme; acorde est et 
 assentu, que les seignurs des fraunchises, qi ont fins, issues et 
 amerciementz par point de chartre ou en autre manere, eient 
 desore enauant les dites fins, issues, et amerciementz des la¬ 
 borers, que a eux appartiegnent de droit, tant come la iusti- 
 cerie des laborers dure: Issint totes voies que les ditz seignurs 
 facent contribucion a paiement des feez de tieux iustices des 
 laborers, selonc lafferant des profitz qils enprendront. 
 
 Item, acorde est que lestatut des laborers soit aussibien tenuz 
 en la citee et les suburbes de Loundres et en les cynk portz et 
 autres franchises qeconqes come aillours en Engleterre. 
 
 1 Statutes, 31 Edw. Ill, st. 1, cc. 6-7. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 19 * 
 
 B. Chancery (Administrative side; cf. pt. 1, ch. 1.) 
 
 INTRODUCTORY NOTE 
 
 Close Rolls. 
 
 Calendar; v. ix, 1349-1354. 
 
 Rymer’s Foedera contain a number of letters close. 
 
 Patent Rolls. 
 
 Calendars; v. viii, 1348-1350; v. ix, 1350-1354. 
 Calendarium Rotulorum Patentium. 
 
 Selections only; of no importance in comparison 
 with the new series of calendars. 
 
 Rymer’s Foedera contain a number of letters patent. 
 Calendar of Letter Books of the City of London, A-G. 
 Contains enrollments of letters close and patent. 
 (Cf. also Munimenta Gildhallae and Memorials of 
 London.) 
 
 Fine Rolls and Liberate Rolls have neither of them been ex¬ 
 amined ; see Scargill-Bird, op. cit., 37 and 42. 
 
 Originalia Rolls. 
 
 Exchequer duplicates of enrollments on the Close, 
 Patent and Fine Rolls having to do with income due 
 the exchequer; classed here for convenience. 
 Rotulorum Originalium Abbreviatio. 
 
 Chancery Lists. 
 
 Chancery Files, Tower series. 
 
 Writs, original and judicial, Letters Patent, orig¬ 
 inal and uncancelled. 
 
 Warrants for the Great Seal; series i; Writs of 
 Privy Seal, Bills of Privy Seal, Warrants under the 
 Signet. 
 
 Miscellaneous Rolls, etc. Tower. 
 
 Cf. Scargill-Bird, op. cit., 241-248. 
 
 The Palatinates. 
 
 Chester. 
 
 Recognizance Rolls. 
 
 Alphabetical calendar; R. D. K., xxxvi, app. 2. 
 Durham. 
 
20 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 * 
 
 Cursitors’ Records. 
 
 Alphabetical calendar; R. D. K. t xxxi, app., 112 et seq. 
 
 Lancaster. 
 
 Chancery Rolls, Duchy of Lancaster. 
 
 No. i; 4 Henry, Duke of Lancaster. 
 
 No. ii; 4-11 Henry, Duke of Lancaster. 
 
 Calendar; R. D. K., xxxii, app. i, 331 et seq. 
 
 List of the Records of the Duchy of Lancaster, Lists 
 and Indexes, no. xiv. 
 
 In the case of the palatinate material and of 
 the Close, Patent and Originalia rolls, my search 
 has been exhaustive; but in the case of the 
 Chancery Lists I have examined only the groups 
 under Warrants for the Great Seal. 
 
 It will appear that the bulk of the informa¬ 
 tion on the topics included in pt. i, ch. i, is ob¬ 
 tained from the various series of records just 
 described, although some supplementary sources 
 are also necessary. It is also clear that while 
 there are some enrollments having to do with 
 exchequer or judicial processes, the greater num¬ 
 ber of the entries as to the statutes of labourers 
 in any of these chancery records deal with the 
 subjects of ch. i, namely, the form of the com¬ 
 missions, the lists of justices appointed, exemp¬ 
 tions, exonerations, removals, etc. 
 
 When I began my work in London in the 
 spring of 1905, the calendars of the Close and 
 Patent Rolls for the years 1349-1359 had not yet 
 been published; although through the courtesy of 
 Mr. Scargill-Bird I had the opportunity of seeing 
 the proof-sheets of v. viii of the Calendar of 
 Patent Rolls. The two volumes issued since then 
 cover about half of the decade, but as the printed 
 calendars contain some rather serious errors in 
 regard to my subject, it is not to be regretted 
 
DOCUMENTS , LISTS AND TABLES 2 l * 
 
 . j 
 
 that I was forced to examine the rolls in manu¬ 
 script. It seems advisable merely to point out 
 these errors, and to print comparatively few of 
 the enrollments, and instead, to supply from these 
 sources certain lists, which it is believed will aid 
 in a clear understanding of the course of events, 
 lists which would still have to be compiled even 
 were the series of calendars complete and en¬ 
 tirely free from mistakes. 
 
 1. Extracts from Chancery enrollments, chiefly Patent Rolls, 
 
 and corresponding documents for the palatinates. 
 
 2. Chronological list of commissions to enforce the statutes of 
 
 labourers issued during the years 1349-1359. 
 
 3. List of the 671 justices responsible for the enforcement of 
 
 the statutes during the decade. 
 
 4. List of territorial districts for which separate commissions 
 
 for labourers were issued between 1352 and 1359. 
 
 1. Extracts from Chancery enrollments, chiefly Patent Rolls, 
 
 and corresponding documents for the palatinates. 
 
 Rotuli Literarum Patencium, 25 Edw. Ill, pt. 1, m. 15 d. ; x 
 
 De pace conseruanda. 
 
 Rex dilectis et fidelibus suis, Willelmo de Clynton, comiti 
 Huntyngdon’, Iohanni de Cobham, Ricardo de Wylughby, Ot- 
 toni de Grandissono, Henrico Grene, Willelmo de Notton, 
 Iohanni Bray et Roberto Vyneter, salutem. Sciatis quod as- 
 signauimus vos, septem, sex, quinque, quatuor, tres et duos 
 vestrum ad pacem nostram necnon ad statuta apud Wyntoniam 
 et Norhamptoniam pro conseruacione pacis eiusdem edita in 
 omnibus et singulis suis articulis in comitatu Kancie custo- 
 dienda et custodiri facienda, et ad omnes illos quos contra 
 formam statutorum predictorum delinquentes inueneritis casti- 
 gandos et puniendos prout secundum formam statutorum 
 eorundem fuerit faciendum, et ad ordinandum, superuidendum 
 
 'Cal., ix, 85, et seq. 
 
22 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 * 
 
 et faciendum quod omnes et singuli homines in comitatu pre- 
 dicto infra libertates et extra iuxta eorum status et facilitates 
 armis competentibus muniantur, arraientur et parentur, et de 
 incedendo et auxiliando vobis et cuilibet vestrum in hiis que 
 pacis et statutorum predictorum conseruacionem concernunt, 
 sint compulsi, prout melius fore videbitur expedire. Assigna- 
 uimus eciam vos, septem, sex, quinque, quatuor, tres et duos 
 vestrum iusticiarios nostros ad inquirendum per sacramentum 
 proborum et legalium hominum de comitatu predicto tarn infra 
 libertates quam extra per quos rei veritas melius sciri poterit, 
 qui vagabundi et alii aggregata sibi ingenti multitudine male- 
 factorum et pacis nostre perturbatorum alligaciones, confed- 
 eraciones et conuenticula illicita tarn infra libertates quam extra 
 de die et nocte facientes in comitatu predicto vagantur et dis- 
 currunt, passus in boscis et aliis locis publicis et priuatis ob- 
 seruantes et hominibus per partes illas transeuntibus insidiantes 
 et quosdam de bonis et rebus suis depredantes, et ad ferias, 
 mercata et alia loca vi armata accedentes homines verberantes, 
 vulnerantes et male tractantes, et quosdam membris mutilantes, 
 et quosdam nequiter interficientes, et quosdam capientes et 
 penes se quousque fines et redempciones cum eis ad voluntatem 
 suam fecerint, detinentes, et alia felonias, transgressiones et 
 maleficia in comitatu predicto perpetrantes, et qui dictos male- 
 factores postmodum scienter receptarunt, seu manutenuerunt, 
 sen ipsis assensum, consensum, vim aut auxilium ad hoc pre- 
 buerunt, et qualiter et quo modo et de omnibus aliis articulis 
 et circumstanciis premissa qualitercumque contingentibus ple- 
 nius veritatem, et omnes illos quos inde indictari contigerit in- 
 sequendos, arestandos et capiendos et in prison is nostris saluo 
 custodiri faciendos donee inde deliberentur secundum legem et 
 consuetudinem regni nostri Anglie, ac eciam ad ordinaciones 
 de operatoribus, artificibus et seruitoribus per nos et consilium 
 nostrum pro communi vtilitate ipsius regni, tarn in consilio 
 nostro quam in vltimo parliamento nostro apud Westmonas- 
 terium tentis, factas quas vobis mittimus sub pede sigilli nostri, 
 in omnibus et singulis suis articulis in comitatu predicto infra 
 
DOCUMENTS , LISTS AND TABLES 23 * 
 
 libertates et extra custodiendas et custodiri faciendas, et omnes 
 illos quos contra formam earnndem inueneritis in aliquo de- 
 linquentes, castigandos et puniendos prout secundum formam 
 earundem fuerit faciendum, et ad ordinandum, superuidendum 
 et faciendum quod omnes et singuli articuli in dictis ordina- 
 cionibus contenti in comitatu predicto infra libertates et extra 
 debite execucioni demandentur, et ad inquirendum de vice- 
 comitibus, senescallis, balliuis, ministris et aliis quibuscumque 
 qui colore ordinacionum predictarum huiusmodi operarios, arti¬ 
 fices et seruitores ceperunt et eos per fines et redempciones ad 
 vsus suos proprios applicandos auctoritate sua propria, con- 
 dicionibus in dictis ordinacionibus contentis non obseruatis, 
 deliberarunt, et de taxatoribus et collectoribus decime et quinte- 
 decime nobis per laicos concessarum in comitatu predicto et 
 eorum subtaxatoribus et subcollectoribus villarum infra liber¬ 
 tates et extra et deputandis ab eis in comitatu predicto, si ipsi 
 omnes artifices, seruitores et operarios singularum villarum 
 earundem ad totas illas summas quas vltra id quod anno regni 
 nostri Anglie vicesimo vel annis communibus quinque vel sex 
 proxime precedentibus pro laboribus, seruiciis et artificiis suis 
 perceperunt in alleuiacionem villarum earundem in auxilium 
 solucionis summarum ad quas eedem ville seu homines earun¬ 
 dem ad decimam et quintamdecimam iam currentes assessi 
 fuerunt, assederint et summas illas ab eis leuauerint iuxta 
 tenorem commissionis nostre eisdem taxatoribus et collectoribus 
 inde facte nec ne, ac eciam de hiis qui huiusmodi artifices, 
 seruitores et operarios pro laboribus, seruiciis et artificiis suis 
 vel pro alio suo dando contra dictas ordinaciones vel aliquo in 
 eisdem contento arte vel ingenio fouerunt vel nutrierunt, fouent 
 vel nutriunt, in hac parte et ad ea omnia et singula que contra 
 formam ordinacionum predictarum fuerint attemptata, tarn ad 
 sectam nostram et aliorum quorumcumque coram vobis con- 
 queri vel prosequi volencium, quam ad transgressiones pre- 
 dictas ad sectam nostram, tantum audiendas et terminandas 
 secundum legem et consuetudinem regni nostri Anglie ac for¬ 
 mam ordinacionum predictarum, et ad processus versus omnes. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 24 * 
 
 quos de homicidiis et feloniis huiusmodi contigerit indictari in 
 hac parte quousque capiantur, reddantur vel vtlagentur faci- 
 endos. Assignauimus eciam vos, septem, sex, quinque, qua¬ 
 tuor, tres et duos vestrum, quorum aliquem vestrum vos prefati 
 Ricarde, Henrice et Willelme de Notton vnum esse volumus 
 iusticiarios nostros ad homicidia et felonias predicta audienda 
 et terminanda et ad omnia indictamenta feloniam tangencia 
 coram vobis prefate comes et sociis vestris nuper iusticiariis 
 nostris in hac parte vltimo assignatis facta, ad vos, septem, sex, 
 quinque, quatuor, tres et duos vestrum iusticiarios nostros ad 
 omnia alia indictamenta coram vobis prefate comes et dictis 
 sociis vestris facta feloniam non tangencia ac recorda et pro¬ 
 cessus in hac parte nondum terminata debito fine terminanda 
 secundum legem et consuetudinem supradictas. Et ideo vobis 
 mandamus quod ad certos dies et loca quos vos septem, sex, 
 quinque, quatuor, tres vel duo vestrum ad hoc prouideritis, in¬ 
 dictamenta ac recorda et processus predicta coram vobis venire 
 et inquisiciones super premissis ac processus et puniciones 
 huiusmodi faciatis et premissa omnia et singula audiatis et ter- 
 minetis in forma predicta facturi etc. saluis etc. Mandauimus 
 enim vicecomiti nostro -comitatus predicti quod ad certos etc. 
 quos etc. ei scire faciatis venire faciat coram vobis etc. tot etc. 
 tarn infra libertates quam extra per quos etc., et inquiri in 
 forma supradicta. 
 
 In cuius etc., teste Rege apud Westmonasterium, xv die 
 March. 
 
 Per consilium. 
 
 Consimiles commissiones habent subscript in comitatibus sub¬ 
 scripts sub eadem data, videlicet:. 
 
 Rotuli Literarum Patencium, 30 Edw. Ill, pt. 1, m. 17 d.; De 
 inquirendo de operariis, artificibus et seruientibus in comitatu 
 Derbb 
 
 Rex dilectis et fidelibus suis, Roberto Fraunceys et Thome 
 Adam de Asshebourn, salutem. Sciatis quod assignauimus vos 
 ad ordinacionem et statutum de operariis, artificibus et seru- 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 2 $ * 
 
 ientibus in consilio nostro ac parliamento nostro apud West- 
 monasterium nuper tentis pro communi vtilitate regni nostri 
 Anglie facta in omnibus et singulis suis articulis in comitatu 
 Derb’ infra libertates et extra custodienda et custodiri facienda, 
 et ad inquirendum de vicecomitibus, senescallis, balliuis, min- 
 istris et aliis quibuscumque qui colore ordinacionis et statuti 
 predictorum huiusmodi operarios, artifices, et seruientes cepe- 
 runt et eos per fines et redempciones ad vsus suos proprios 
 applicandos, auctoritate sua propria, condicionibus in dictis 
 ordinacione et statuto contentis non obseruatis, deliberarunt, et 
 ad omnia et singula que contra formam statuti et ordinacionis 
 predictorum in comitatu predicto infra libertates et extra fuer- 
 int attemptata, tarn ad sectam nostram quam aliorum quorum- 
 cumque, coram vobis prosequi vel conqueri volencium audienda 
 et terminanda iuxta vim et efifectum ordinacionis et statuti pre¬ 
 dictorum. Assignauimus eciam vos iusticiarios nostros ad 
 omnia indictamenta et processus huiusmodi operarios, artifices 
 et seruientes tangencia coram iusticiariis nostris in eodem comi¬ 
 tatu vltimo assignatis in hac parte facta et nondum terminata 
 audienda et debito fine terminanda. Et ideo vobis mandamus 
 quod circa premissa omnia et singula ad certos dies et loca 
 quos vos ad hoc prouideritis intendatis et ea audiatis et termi- 
 netis in forma predicta facturi inde quod ad iusticiam pertinet, 
 secundum vim et efifectum ordinacionis et statuti predictorum, 
 saluis nobis amerciamentis et aliis ad nos inde spectantibus. 
 Mandauimus enim vicecomiti nostro comitatus predicti quod 
 ad certos etc. quos ei scire faciatis venire faciat coram vobis 
 tot etc. tarn infra libertates quam extra per quos etc. et inquiri. 
 In cuius etc., teste Rege apud Westmonasterium, x die Marcii. 
 Per consilium. 
 
 Consimiles commissiones habent subscripti in comitatibus et 
 villis subscriptis, videlicet:. 
 
 Rotuli Literarum Patencium, 31 Edw. Ill, pt. 1, m. 20 d.; De 
 inquirendo de excessibus operariorum et de abusu mensur- 
 arum et ponderum. 
 
 Rex dilectis et fidelibus suis Ricardo, comiti Arundell, An- 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 26 * 
 
 dree Peverell, Willelmo Fifhide et Roberto de Halsham, salu- 
 tem. Sciatis quod assignauimus vos tres et duos vestrum 
 iusticiarios nostros ad ordinaciones et statuta de operariis, arti- 
 ficibus et seruientibus in consiliis, ac de ponderibus et mensuris 
 in parliamentis nostris apud Westmonasterium nuper tentis pro 
 communi vtilitate regni nostri Anglie facta in omnibus et sin¬ 
 gulis suis articulis in comitatu Sussex’ infra libertates et extra 
 custodienda et custodiri facienda, et ad inquirendum de vice- 
 comitibus, senescallis, balliuis, ministris et aliis quibuscumque, 
 qui colore ordinacionum et statutorum predictorum huiusmodi 
 operarios, artifices et seruientes ceperunt, et eos per fines et 
 redempciones ad vsus suos proprios applicandos auctoritate sua 
 propria, condicionibus in dictis ordinacionibus et statutis con- 
 tentis non obseruatis, deliberarunt, et ad omnia et singula que 
 contra formam statutorum et ordinacionum predictarum in 
 comitatu predicto infra libertates et extra fuerint attemptata, 
 tarn ad sectam nostram quam aliorum quorumcumque coram 
 vobis prosequi vel conqueri volencium audienda et terminanda 
 iuxta vim et efifectum ordinacionum et statutorum predictorum. 
 Assignauimus eciam vos tres et duos vestrum iusticiarios nos¬ 
 tros ad omnia indictamenta et processus huiusmodi operarios, 
 artifices et seruientes tangencia coram iusticiariis nostris in 
 eodem comitatu vltimo assignatis in hac parte facta et nondum 
 terminata audienda et debito fine terminanda, necnon ad in¬ 
 quirendum per sacramentum proborum et legalium hominum 
 de comitatu predicto infra libertates et extra per quos rei veri- 
 tas melius sciri poterit de nominibus omnium et singulorum 
 qui in abusu mensurarum et ponderum contra formam statu¬ 
 torum inde editorum deliquerint, et ad dictos delinquentes 
 castigandos et puniendos iuxta formam statutorum eorundem, 
 et ad omnia et singula que contra formam dictorum statutorum 
 de premissis attemptata fuerint in eodem comitatu similiter 
 audienda et terminanda. Et ideo vobis mandamus quod circa 
 premissa omnia et singula ad certos dies et loca quos vos tres 
 et duo vestrum ad hoc prouideritis intendatis et ea audiatis et 
 terminetis in forma predicta facturi inde quod ad iusticiam 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 27 * 
 
 pertinet secundum vim et effectum ordinacionum et statutorum 
 predictorum, saluis etc. Mandauimus enim vicecomiti nostro 
 comitatus predicti quod ad certos etc. quos etc. ei scire faciatis 
 venire faciat coram vobis etc. tot etc. tam infra libertates quam 
 extra per quos etc. et inquiri, et quascumque commissiones de 
 inquirendo de huiusmodi operariis, artificibus et seruientibus 
 ac mensuris 1 et ponderibus in comitatu predicto aliis ante hec 
 tempora factas tenore presencium duximus reuocandas. 
 
 In cuius etc., teste Rege apud Westmonasterium, quinto die 
 Februarii. 
 
 Per ipsum Regem et consilium. 
 
 Consimiles commissiones habent subscripti in comitatibus sub¬ 
 scripts sub eadem data, videlicet:. 
 
 Exactly identical with the form of the above, mntatis mu¬ 
 tandis, is the commission issued on 10 Oct. by the duke of 
 Lancaster; De statuto operariorum conseruando necnon de 
 statuto mensurarum conseruando. Duchy of Lancaster, Chan¬ 
 cery Rolls of the Palatinate, ii, no. 24 d. 2 (7th year of the 
 duke, 1357). 
 
 Durham, Cursitors’ Records, 30, rot., 1, Hatfield, ann. 5, m. 
 5 d.; no. 6. 3 
 
 Rotulus Cancellarii domini Thome de Hatfield, episcopi, de 
 anno pontificatus sui quinto, quinto, quinto. 
 
 Commissio de operariis iuxta proclamacionem domini Regis. 
 
 Thomas Dei gracia episcopus Dunelmiensis, dilectis et fideli- 
 bus suis Thome 4 Gray, Willelmo de Mordon, vicecomiti suo 
 
 X MS. mesuris. 2 R. D. K., xxxii, app., i. 
 
 3 The heading proves the nature of this enrollment and seems to have 
 escaped the notice of Mr. Pike and Mr. Lapsley; for they both describe 
 the document as a special commission for the better execution of justice 
 within the county palatine, issued by the bishop in accordance with the 
 king’s commands. Cf. R. D. K., xxxi, app., 134, Cal . Curs. Records, 
 and The County Palatine of Durham, 178. 
 
 * MS. Thomas. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 28 * 
 
 Dunelm’, Willelmo de Wessyngton et Iohanni de Meneuill, 
 salutem. Cum dominus Rex racione superioris dominii sui 
 breue suum quam plurimos continens articulos nobis nuper 
 mandauerit supplicando vt congruum remedium tarn maioribus 
 quam minoribus infra nostram regiam libertatem, veluti in 
 regno suo vbique extra eandem libertatem exhibetur super arti- 
 culis predictis adhibere velimus, Nos dicti domini Regis man- 
 dato prout decet obedire et omnibus et singulis tarn maioribus 
 quam minoribus infra nostram regiam libertatem predictam 
 fieri volentes quod est iustum, assignauimus vos quatuor, tres 
 et duos vestrum iusticiarios nostros in warda de Cestria iuxta 
 discreciones vestras super articulis vniuersis in predicto breui 
 regio contends plenius veritatem inquirendam 1 et ad eosdem 
 articulos in warda predicta audiendos et terminandos. Et ideo 
 vobis mandamus quod ad certos dies et loca quos vos quatuor, 
 tres et duo vestrum ad hoc prouideritis, omnibus aliis preter- 
 missis, super articulis vniuersis in predicto breui regio contends 
 per sacramentum proborum et legalium hominum warde pre- 
 dicte diligenter inquiratis, et eisdem articulis audiatis et fine 
 debito terminetis facturi inde quod ad iusticiam pertinet secun¬ 
 dum legem et consuetudinem regni Anglie et nostre regie liber- 
 tatis. Saluis nobis amerciamentis et aliis ad nos inde spectan- 
 tibus. Damus autem vobis quatuor, tribus et duobus vestrum 
 potestatem arrestandi, attachiandi et prisone nostre commit- 
 tendi omnes et singulos qui coram vobis quatuor, tribus et 
 duobus vestrum super articulis predictis in predicto breui regio 
 contends seu aliquo eorundem conuicti fuerint ibidem mora- 
 turos quousque aliter de eis duxerimus ordinandum, libertate 
 ecclesiastica in omnibus semper salua. Mandauimus enim vice- 
 comiti nostro Dunelm’ quod ad certos dies et loca quos vos 
 quatuor, tres et duo vestrum ei scire faciatis coram vobis qua¬ 
 tuor, tribus et duobus vestrum predictum breue regium seu 
 eiusdem copiam recitari faciat, et de eisdem articulis coram 
 vobis, quatuor, tribus et duobus vestrum seu de aliquo eorun- 
 
 ^he clerk has omitted the “ad” before the gerundive, a rather fre¬ 
 quent usage. 
 
DOCUMENTS , LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 29 * 
 
 dem conuictos quodque per vos quatuor, tres vel duos vestrum 
 arrestatos et attachiatos a vobis quatuor, tribus vel duobus 
 vestrum recipiat et in prisona nostra saluo custodiri faciat 
 donee aliter duxerimus ordinandum. 
 
 In cuius rei testimonium, has literas nostras fieri fecimus 
 patentes. 
 
 Date Dunelm’ per manum Willelmi de Westle decani Auke- 
 land’ cancellarii nostri, xv die Iunii anno pontificatus nostri 
 quinto. 
 
 Consimiles commissiones habent predicti Thomas et Willelmus 
 vna cum aliis sibi associatis in wardis de Derlyngton, Stok- 
 ton, et Esyngton, et in wapentachio Sadberg’, in forma 
 suprascripta, etc. 
 
 Duchy of Lancaster; Chancery Rolls of the Palatinate; ii, no. 
 10. De iusticiariis assignandis super statutum servientium. 
 
 Dux dilectis et fidelibus Iohanni Cokayn, Rogero de Faryng- 
 ton, Iohanni de Haueryngton, Ricardo de Radeclif, Willelmo 
 de Radeclif, Roberto de Syngleton et Roberto de Prestecote, 
 salutem. Cum per excellentissimum principem dominum nos¬ 
 trum, dominum Edwardum, Regem Anglie, ac prelatos, duces, 
 comites, barones et alios magnates ad parliamentum ipsius 
 Regis nuper apud Westmonasterium conuocatos concessum 
 fuisset communitati regni Anglie in auxilium decime et quinte- 
 decime, quas eadem communitas dicto Regi, pro guerre sue 
 Francie expedicione et regni predicti defensione pro tribus 
 annis tunc proxime futuris concesserunt, fines, exitus, redemp- 
 ciones, amerciamenta et omnia alia proficua que fuerunt seu 
 essent leuata aut recepta de operariis, artificibus, hostelariis et 
 omnibus aliis seruientibus, prout in statuto inde ad parliamen¬ 
 tum dicti Regis in octabis Purificacionis beate Marie anno 
 eiusdem Regis vicesimo quinto tentum edito, continetur, a festo 
 Pasche tunc vltime preterito vsque ad vltimum terminum solu- 
 cionis decime et quintedecime predictarum. Necnon concessum 
 fuit eidem communitati quod si aliquod de dictis finibus, exi- 
 tibus, redempeionibus, amerciamentis et proficuis predictis are- 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 2°* 
 
 tro esset a confeccione eiusdem statuti quod hominibus villarum 
 et hamelettorum dicte communitatis in auxilium decime et 
 quintedecime ante hec tempora currencium soluisse debuisset, 
 seu de summis de quibus eidem Regi non fuit responsum, tunc 
 eadem communitas haberet id quod sic aretro esset in auxilium 
 decime et quintedecime ad dictum vltimum parliamentum con- 
 cessarum; ita semper quod dictis decima et quintadecima ces- 
 santibus, huiusmodi fines, exitus, redempciones, amerciamenta 
 et omnia alia proficua que extunc de huiusmodi operariis, arti- 
 ficibus et aliis seruientibus quibuscumque essent leuanda ad 
 opus ipsius Regis leuarentur. Et quia vltimus terminus solu- 
 cionis decime et quintedecime predictarum ad festum Sancti 
 Michaelis Archangeli proxime preteritum extitit pro certo, per 
 quod huiusmodi fines, exitus, redempciones et amerciamenta 
 ad nos et non ad alium iuxta libertates nobis per ipsum domi- 
 num nostrum Regem ante hec tempora concessas infra duca- 
 tum predictum a dicto festo Sancti Michaelis sic proxime 
 preterito vsque nunc et exnunc de iure pertinere debeant. As- 
 signauimus vos, sex, quinque, quatuor, tres et duos vestrum 
 iusticiarios nostros ad dictum statutum de seruientibus infra 
 ducatum predictum custodiendum et custodiri faciendum, et ad 
 inquirendum de operariis et aliis seruientibus quibuscumque et 
 eorum factis tarn a dicto festo Sancti Michaelis proxime pre¬ 
 terito quam de tempore futuro secundum tenorem statuti, con- 
 cessionis et ordinacionis predictorum, et ad audiendum et ter- 
 minandum omnia quecumque facta fuerint contra statutum, 
 concessionem et ordinacionem supradicta, tarn ad sectam nos- 
 tram quam aliorum conqueri volencium infra libertates et 
 extra, et ad omnes illos quos contra formam eorundem inuen- 
 eritis in aliquo delinquentes castigandos et puniendos secun¬ 
 dum formam eorundem et legem et consuetudinem regni An- 
 glie. Et ideo vobis mandamus quod ad certos dies et loca 
 quos vos, sex, quinque, quatuor, tres vel duo vestrum ad hoc 
 prouideritis, inquisiciones ac puniciones super premissis faciatis 
 et premissa omnia et singula audiatis et terminetis in forma 
 predicta prout ad iusticiam pertinet. Mandauimus enim vice- 
 
DOCUMENTS , LISTS AND TABLES 3I * 
 
 comiti nostro ducatus predicti quod ad certos dies et loca quos 
 vos, sex, quinque, quatuor, tres vel duo vestrum ei scire faciatis, 
 venire faciat coram vobis sex, quinque, quatuor, tribus vel duo- 
 bus vestrum tot et tales probos et legales homines de balliua 
 sua tarn infra libertates quam extra per quos rei veritas super 
 premissis melius sciri poterit et inquiri. 
 
 In cuius etc., teste Henrico de Walton archidiacono Riche- 
 mund’ locum Ducis tenente in ducatu predicto apud Preston, 
 primo die Augusti. Et mandatum est vicecomiti Lane’ quod 
 eisdem Iohanni, Rogero, Ricardo, Roberto et Roberto in pre- 
 missis faciendis intendens sit et respondens, sub eadem data. 
 (5th year of the duke, 1355.) 1 
 
 Writs of Privy Seal, Chancery, Series I; File 369, no. 23335. 
 
 Edward par la grace de Dieu Roi Dengleterre et de France 
 et Seignur Dirlande a lonurable piere en Dieu leuesque de 
 Wyncestre nostre chanceller saluz. Porce que tout plein des 
 mals et errours sont auenuz par cause des especiales commis¬ 
 sions que ont este faites piecea en diuerses franchises et villes 
 pur enquere des exces des laborers si auons ordene et volons 
 qe desore toutes tieles commissions especiales grantees en qe- 
 cunqes franchises et villes de nostre roialme soient repellees et 
 qe certeines gentz bones et loialx soient assignez generalment 
 parmy touz les countez du dit roialme, les queux et nuls autres 
 facent les sessions des ditz laborers, si vous mandons qe repel¬ 
 lees les dites especiales commissions come dessus est dit, facent 
 assigner suffisantes gentz pur meismes les sessions parmy les 
 countez dessusditz. 
 
 Done souz notre priue seal a Westmonster le viii jour de 
 feuerer, lan de nostre regne dengleterre trente primer et de 
 France disoytisme. 2 
 
 Rotuli Literarum Clausarum, 33 Edw. Ill, m. 10 d; 
 
 1 R. D. K., xxxii, app., i; the reference to the ending of the subsidy 
 seems to me to prove the date conclusively. 
 
 2 Cf. the final clause of the commission, app., 27. 
 
32 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 * 
 
 De supersedendo execucioni commissionis iusticiariorum ad 
 statutum de operariis factum faciende. 
 
 Rex dilectis et fidelibus suis Iohanni de Lyouns et sociis suis 
 iusticiariis ad ordinacionem et statutum de operariis, seruien- 
 tibus et artificibus ac de ponderibus et mensuris in comitatu 
 Norht’ custodienda, salutem. Quibusdam certis de causis nos 
 mouentibus, vobis mandamus quod execucioni commissionis 
 nostre vobis in hac parte facte vlterius faciende supersedeatis 
 quousque aliud a nobis inde habueritis in mandatis. 
 
 Teste Thoma filio nostro carissimo custode Anglie apud 
 Wodestok, quarto die Nouembris, 
 
 Per ipsum custodem et consilium. 
 
 Consimilia breuia diriguntur singulis iusticiariis ad statutum 
 predictum in singulis comitatibus per Angliam custodiendum 
 assignatis quod execucioni commissionis Regis eis inde facte 
 supersedeant in forma predicta. 
 
 Teste vt supra. 
 
 2. Chronological list of commissions to enforce the statutes of 
 labourers issued during the years 1349-1359 and enrolled 
 among the letters patent. 
 
 In cases where commissions are duplicated almost abso¬ 
 lutely, both as to date and names (evidently by a clerical 
 error), the second has been omitted from the lists and merely 
 indicated in a note; but although there are usually several 
 districts (in one instance, nineteen) that receive two or three 
 commissions annually, these repeated districts are counted over 
 again. Divisions of counties, e. g. Holland, etc., are counted 
 as counties; the palatinates are omitted, removals are not re¬ 
 ferred to, and vacated commissions only in the notes; asso¬ 
 ciations are given merely as totals for each regnal year. 
 
 For the first and second periods the marginal headings on 
 the Patent Rolls are misleading; they contain no reference to 
 the labour legislation, but are: “ De custodia pads,” or “ De 
 pace conseruanda,” or “De audiendo et terminando felonias,” 
 etc. Cf. my article in E. H. R., 522, for the exact phraseology. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 33 
 
 * 
 
 For the third period, 1352-1359, * * shows that a commis¬ 
 sion of the peace was appointed on the same date for the same 
 district; * shows that a commission of the peace was ap¬ 
 pointed for the same district during the same regnal year; the 
 result of this comparison appears in the table in pt. 1, ch. i, s. 2. 
 The references to the Patent Rolls for the separate commis¬ 
 sions for labourers are usually under the headings: “ De in- 
 quirendo de operariis,” or “De inquirendo de excessibus oper- 
 arioruin ” (the lists are duplicated in the Originalia almost, 
 without variation). Three of these commissions are referred 
 to in Cal. Rot. Pat., Rec. Comm., 167 a and b, 170 a; six of 
 them are noted in Rot. Orig. Abbreviatio, Rec. Comm., ii, 233, 
 238, 242, 246, 249 and 255. 
 
 The references for the separate commissions of the peace 
 are as follows, under the headings “ De pace conseruanda,” 
 or “De custodia pacis ” (duplicated in Originalia) : 26, pt. 3, 
 m. 4 d (Cal., ix, 394) ; 27, pt. 1, m. 25 d (Cal., ix, 449-450), 
 pt. 2, m. 26 d (Cal., ix, 508) ; 28, pt. 1, m. 21 d, pt. 2, m. 14 d; 
 29, pt. 1, m. 29 d; 30, pt. 1, ms. 20, 19 and 16 d; 31, pt. I, 
 ms. 17 and 11 d; 32, pt. 1, m. 31 d; 33, pt. 1, m. 18 d, pt. 2, 
 m. 12 d, pt. 3, m. 4 d (Rymer, iii, pt. 1, 463-464). 
 
 Period i. Separate commissions for labourers, except when 
 
 indicated. 
 
 23, pt. 3 > m. 8 d. 6 Dec. University and city of Ox¬ 
 
 ford. 1 
 
 (Joint commissions of the peace and for labourers.) 
 
 24, pt. 1, m. 23 d. 2 20 Feb. Bedford, Bucks., Camb., 
 
 Holland and Kesteven 
 (Line.), Hunts., Leices¬ 
 ter, Norfolk. 
 
 1 Cal., viii, 458; assigned by an error to m. 9 d. A commission to 
 the mayor and sheriffs of London, 8 Dec. of the same year, is enrolled 
 in Letter Book F; Cal., 199. 
 
 2 Bucks, is given twice; there is also an unfinished commission with 
 no county noted. In Cal., viii, 526, the summary of the form of this 
 commission fails to include the clause in regard to the ordinance of 
 labourers; moreover Dorset is printed for Bedford. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 34 * 
 
 24, pt. 3, m. 13 d. 1 20 Oct. Lancaster. 
 
 24, pt. 3, m. 10 d. 2 12 Nov. Lindsey (Line.). 
 
 18 Nov. Suffolk. 
 
 Period ii. Joint commissions of the peace and for labourers* 
 
 25 Edw. III. 
 
 pt. I, ms. 15 and 14. 15 March. 3 Bedford, Berks., Bucks., 
 Camb., Cumberland, Derby, Devon, Dorset, Essex, 
 Gloucester, Hereford, Herts., Hunts., Kent, Leicester, 
 Holland, Kesteven and Lindsey (Line.), Midd., Nor¬ 
 folk, Northants., Northumberland, Notts., Oxford, Rut¬ 
 land, Shropshire, Somerset, Southampton, Stafford, 4 
 Suffolk, Surrey, Sussex, Warwick, Westmoreland, 
 Wilts., Worcester, E. R., N. R. and W. R. 5 6 (York), 
 town of Stamford. 
 
 pt. 1, m. 19 d. 27 March. City of Lincoln.® 
 
 pt. 3, m. 19 d. 3 Nov. City of York. 7 
 
 27 associations; pt. 1, m. 13 d. 8 
 
 26 Edw. III. 
 
 pt. 1, m. 28 d. 9 8 Feb. Newcastle-on-Tyne, 
 
 m. 15 d. 10 15 Feb. Kingston-on-Hull. 
 
 m. 21 d. 11 20 Feb. Scarborough, Lib. of Hoi- 
 
 derness. 
 
 1 Cal., ix, 26. 
 
 2 Ibid., 27-28; printed in full, although with slight mistakes, by 
 Rymer, iii, pt. 1, 210-211. 
 
 3 Cal., ix, 85-91; cf. app., B, 1, for form of the commission. 
 
 * Repeated on 6 Dec. with almost the same names. 
 
 5 Repeated on 20 May with almost the same names but a slightly dif¬ 
 ferent form of commission. 
 
 6 Cal., ix, 83; the summary fails to include the clause as to the statutes 
 of labourers. 
 
 7 Ibid ., 201. 
 
 9 Ibid. , 274-275. 
 
 8 Ibid., 91-92. 
 
 10 Ibid., 281. 11 Ibid., 278. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 35 * 
 
 pt. 1, m. 9 d. 1 
 
 20 April. 
 
 Warwick, Worcester. 
 
 
 15 May. 
 
 Shropshire. 
 
 pt. 2, m. 20 d. 2 
 
 25 June. 
 
 Beverley. 
 
 pt. 1, m. 9 d. 3 
 
 2 July. 
 
 Worcester. 
 
 
 15 July. 
 
 Cornwall. 
 
 5 associations: 
 
 26, pt. 1, m. 
 
 8 d. 4 
 
 1 
 
 Period iii. 
 
 Separate commissions for labourers. 
 
 Edw. III. 
 
 pt. 3, m. 7 d. 5 
 
 17 Dec. 
 
 Bucks. 
 
 m. 4 d.° 
 
 1 Jan. 
 
 * Berks., * Oxford. 
 
 m. 1 d. 7 
 
 1 Jan. 
 
 * * Carlisle. 
 
 3 counties, 1 town. 
 
 
 Edw. III. 
 
 pt. 1, m. 24 d. 8 
 
 12 Feb. 
 
 * Worcester, * * Kingston- 
 on-Hull, * * Stamford. 
 
 
 4 May. 
 
 * Kesteven (Line.). 
 
 
 27 May. 
 
 Wilts. 
 
 
 3 June. 
 
 * * Essex. 
 
 
 20 June. 
 
 * * Retford-in-the-Clay. 
 
 
 3 July. 
 
 * W. R. (York). 
 
 
 20 July. 
 
 * * Devon. 
 
 pt. 2, m. 25 d.° 
 
 3 A ug. 
 
 * * Gloucester, * * Worces¬ 
 ter. 10 
 
 
 25 Aug. 
 
 * * Beverley. 
 
 
 26 Oct. 
 
 * Lindsey (Line.), West¬ 
 moreland. 
 
 
 3 Nov. 
 
 * * Camb. 
 
 
 8 Nov. 
 
 Essex. 
 
 1 Cal,, ix, 284-285; the summary fails to include the clause as to the 
 statutes of labourers. 
 
 2 Ibid., 332. 3 Ibid., 284-285. 
 
 *Ibid., 285. *Ibid., 392. 6 Ibid., 394. 
 
 7 Ibid., 395. *Ibzd., 451. 9 Ibid., 508-509. 
 
 10 Essex also, but vacated. 
 
36* 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 22 Nov. Bedford, Norfolk. 
 
 26 Nov. * Northants. 
 
 1 Dec. * * Hunts. 
 
 15 Jan. * * Grimsby. 
 
 20 Jan. Holland (Line.). 
 
 9 associations: 2 on 25, pt. 1, m. 13 d; 1 on 26, pt. 1, m. 
 
 8 d; 2 on 27, pt. 1, m. 23 d; 4 on 27, pt. 2, m. 25 d. 1 
 
 17 counties, 5 towns; Worcester and Essex twice. 
 
 28 Edw. III. 
 
 pt. 1, m. 22 d. 10 Feb. 
 and 
 
 pt. 2, m. 13 d. 
 
 18 Feb. 
 
 28 Feb. 
 
 20 March. 
 26 April. 
 
 8 May. 
 
 14 May. 
 18 May. 
 20 June. 
 
 26 June. 
 28 June. 
 
 1 July. 
 
 2 July. 
 
 Wap. of Claro, Ewcros, Sky- 
 rack, and Staincliffe, 
 (York), * Lib. of Rich¬ 
 mond. 
 
 * * Leicester. 
 
 * * Coventry. 
 
 Town & Lib. of Ripon. 
 
 Northants. 
 
 Holland, Lindsey and * Kes- 
 teven (Line.), * Somerset. 
 
 Suffolk. 
 
 * * Warwick, * * Worcester. 
 
 Shropshire, * Surrey, * * 
 
 Sussex, Lib. of abbot of 
 Peterborough. 
 
 * Norfolk. 
 
 * * Coventry. 
 
 Worcester. 
 
 Bucks., * * Derby, Essex, 
 * * Leicester, * * Holland 
 (Line.), * * Notts., * * 
 Oxford, * * Rutland, * * 
 Southampton, * * Wilts., 
 
 ' Cal ., ix, 92, 285, 452, 509. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 3 J«iy- 
 26 Sept. 
 3 Oct. 
 20 Oct. 
 8 Nov. 
 
 26 Nov. 
 16 Dec. 
 20 Jan. 
 
 37* 
 
 * * Wap. 1 of Herthill and 
 Hovedenshire, * * Wap. of 
 Dickering, Bucrose, Ouse 
 and Derwent (York, E. 
 R.), * * Wap. of Allerton, 
 Birdforth and Richmond, 
 
 * * Wap. of Bulmer and 
 Rydale, * * Wap. of Cleve¬ 
 land and Pickering (York, 
 N. R.), * * Wap. of Ain- 
 sty, Barkston and Claro 
 (York, W. R.), * Lib. of 
 Holderness. 
 
 * Lindsey (Line.). 2 
 
 * * Kent. 3 
 
 * * Scarborough. 
 
 * * Leicester. 
 
 Lib. of dean and chapter of 
 St. Peter of York. 
 
 * * Northants. 
 
 * * Cornwall. 
 
 * * Bedford, * Dorset, * * 
 town of Huntingdon. 
 
 10 associations: 7 on pt. 1, m. 22 d; 2 on pt. 2, m. 13 d, 
 and 1 on pt. 3, m. 15 d. 
 
 31 counties, 4 towns, 5 liberties, 7 groups of wapentakes. 
 Leicester and Northants. three times; Holland and 
 Lindsey (Line.), Worcester and Coventry twice. 
 
 29 Edw. III. 
 
 pt. 1, m. 28 d. 26 Jan. * * Notts. 
 
 1 1 have counted the following six groups of wapentakes as correspond¬ 
 ing to the peace commission of the same date for Yorkshire. 
 
 2 On 25 July there was also a commission for Northants., but it was 
 vacated. 
 
 3 Repeated with almost the same names. 
 
pt. 2, m. 8 d. 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 14 Feb. 
 
 Scarborough. 
 
 1 March. 
 
 Lib. of Holderness. 
 
 21 March. 
 
 Herts. 
 
 26 April. 
 
 Northants. 
 
 15 May. 
 
 Wap. of Ainsty, Barkston and 
 Claro (York, W. R.). 
 
 16 May. 
 
 * Stafford. 
 
 20 June. 
 
 * * Town of Huntingdon, 
 Lib. of abbot of St. Mary 
 of York. 
 
 4 July. 
 
 Scarborough. 
 
 12 July. 
 
 * * Rutland. 
 
 20 July. 
 
 * * Lynn. 
 
 i Aug. 
 
 Leicester, Northants., Notts., 
 Oxford, Warwick (except 
 Coventry). 
 
 28 Aug. 
 
 Essex. 
 
 1 Oct. 
 
 Midd. 
 
 2 Oct. 
 
 Hereford. 
 
 16 Oct. 
 
 Boston. 
 
 20 Oct. 
 
 * Bedford, * Kent. 
 
 2 Nov. 
 
 * Stafford. 
 
 30 Nov. 
 
 Cumberland, Herts., * Nor¬ 
 folk (except Lynn). 
 
 1 Dec. 
 
 Lindsey (Line.). 
 
 3 Dec. 
 
 Worcester. 
 
 10 Dec. 
 
 * * Cornwall. 
 
 20 Dec. 1 
 
 Bedford (n. d.), Berks, (n. 
 
 d.), Bucks, (n. d.), Camb., 
 Cumberland, Cornwall, Der¬ 
 by, Devon, Dorset, Essex, 
 * Gloucester, * Hereford, 
 Herts., Kent (n. d.), * Hol- 
 
 *The counties marked “ n. d.” are undated but follow immediately 
 after those those of 20 Dec., and in the Originalia duplicates are all 
 thus dated. 
 
DOCUMENTS , LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 39 
 
 * 
 
 land, Kesteven, Lindsey 
 (Line.), Midd., Norfolk 
 (except Lynn), * North- 
 ants., Notts., Oxford (n. 
 d.), Rutland, Shropshire, * 
 Somerset, Southampton (n. 
 d.), Stafford, * Suffolk, 
 Surrey, Warwick, * West¬ 
 moreland, Wilts, (n. d.), 
 Worcester, E. R., N. R., 
 W. R. (York). 1 
 
 pt. 3, m. 4 d. 12 Jan. Lib. of abbot of Reading. 
 
 pt. 2, m. 8 d. 17 Jan. Westmoreland. 
 
 7 associations. 
 
 59 counties, 5 towns, 3 liberties, 1 group of wapentakes, 
 Herts., Northants., Notts, and Stafford three times. 
 
 Bedf., Cornwall, Cumberland, Essex, Hereford, Kent, 
 Lindsey, Midd., Norfolk, Oxford, Rutland, Warwick. 
 Westmoreland, Worcester, Scarborough, twice. 
 
 Edw. III. 
 
 pt. 1, m. 17 d. 10 March. 
 
 12 March. 
 15 March. 
 20 March. 
 
 26 March. 
 
 1 April. 
 
 1 Northumberland 
 
 * * Derby. 
 
 Sussex. 
 
 Boston. 
 
 Manors, etc., of Cheshunt and 
 Bassingbourn of earl of 
 Richmond, borough of Wy¬ 
 combe. 
 
 * * Northants., Honours of 
 Wallingford, etc., and hun¬ 
 dreds, towns, etc., in vari¬ 
 ous counties, of duke of 
 Cornwall. 
 
 * Worcester. 
 
 w A I 
 
 it not acted upon. 
 
 ' 
 
40 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 6 April. 
 15 April. 
 28 April. 
 
 1 May. 
 
 8 May. 
 20 May. 
 
 25 May. 
 
 27 May. 
 
 28 May. 
 30 May. 
 
 8 June. 
 
 8 July. 
 
 pt. 3, m. 17 d. 10 July. 
 
 pt. 1, m. 17 d. 12 July. 
 
 15 July. 
 20 July. 
 
 26 July. 
 
 11 Sept. 
 
 16 Sept. 
 
 • j- 
 
 18 Sept. 
 
 12 Oct. 
 
 16 Oct. 
 
 20 Oct. 
 
 City of Lincoln. 
 
 * Notts. 
 
 Lib. of Ripon of archbishop of 
 York. 
 
 Lib. of Leominster of abbot of 
 Reading. 
 
 Lib. of prior of Bustlesham. 
 
 Prince of Wales’ manor of 
 Kir ton. 
 
 Town of Nottingham. 
 
 * Newark. 
 
 * * Shrewsbury. 
 
 Southwell. 
 
 Lib. of King’s free chapel of 
 Windsor. 
 
 Manors, etc., of duke of Lan¬ 
 caster in Lincolnshire. 
 
 Lib. of Queen Isabel in towns 
 of Cambridge and Chester¬ 
 ton. 
 
 * Derby, N. R. (York). 
 
 Southwell. 
 
 Lib. of Hospital of St. Leon¬ 
 ard of York. 
 
 Queen Philippa’s Lib. of 
 Knaresborough. 
 
 Manors, etc., of church of St. 
 Paul in various counties. 
 
 Lib. of archbishop of Canter¬ 
 bury in Kent. 
 
 * Shrewsbury. 
 
 Bishop of Durham’s Lib. of 
 Howden. 
 
 * * Southampton, Lib. of duke 
 of Lancaster in W. R.. 
 (York). 
 
 * Somerset. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 41 
 
 * 
 
 
 27 Oct. 
 
 pt. 3, m. 22 d. 
 
 28 Oct. 
 
 pt. 3, m. 17 d. 
 
 30 Oct. 
 
 
 8 Nov. 
 
 
 15 Nov. 
 
 
 16 Nov. 
 
 
 20 Nov. 
 
 
 11 Dec. 
 
 Lib. of St. Mary’s church of 
 Lincoln. 
 
 Lib. of duke of Lancaster in 
 various counties. 
 
 Lib. of Pickering and wap. 
 of Rydale (York, N. R), 
 Scarborough. 
 
 Warwick. 
 
 Prince of Wales’ manor of 
 Kirton. 
 
 * * Town of Leicester. 
 
 City of Exeter. 
 
 * Derby. 
 
 21 associations. 
 
 11 counties, 12 towns, 18 liberties, 1 group of wapentakes. 
 Derby three times; Shrewsbury and Southwell twice. 
 
 Edw. III. 
 
 pt. 1, m. 20 d. 5 Feb. Bedford, Berks., Bucks., 
 
 Camb., Cumberland, Derby, 
 * Devon, Dorset, Essex, 
 Gloucester, * Hereford, 
 Herts., Hunts., Isle of 
 Wight, * Kent, Leicester, 
 Holland, Kesteven and 
 Lindsey (Line.), Midd., * 
 Norfolk, Northants., North¬ 
 umberland, * Notts., 1 Ox¬ 
 ford, Rutland, Shropshire, * 
 Somerset, * Southampton, 
 Stafford, Suffolk, Surrey, 
 Sussex, Warwick, West¬ 
 moreland, Wilts., Worces¬ 
 ter, E. R., N. R. and W. R. 
 (York). 
 
 1 Repeated with slight variations in the names. 
 
42 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 * 
 
 32 
 
 33 
 
 pt. 1, m. 19 d. 12 March. 
 
 Town of Oxford. 
 
 pt. 1, m. 20 d. 1 Aug. 
 
 London. 
 
 26 Nov. 
 
 N. R. (York). 
 
 5 associations; pt. 1, m. 20 d. 
 
 41 counties, 2 towns. 
 
 N. R. (York), twice. 
 
 Edw. III. 
 
 pt. 1, m. 34 d. 26 Jan. 
 
 * Somerset. 
 
 16 Feb. 
 
 * Leicester. 
 
 20 Feb. 
 
 * Cornwall. 
 
 16 May. 
 
 Herts. 
 
 18 June. 
 
 W. R. (York). 
 
 14 July. 
 
 Lib. of bishop of Ely. 
 
 16 July. 
 
 W. R. (York). 
 
 20 Oct. 
 
 Lib. of Cinque Ports. 1 
 
 20 Nov. 
 
 E. R. (York). 
 
 28 Nov. 
 
 * Northants. 
 
 1 Dec. 
 
 Town of Oxford. 
 
 15 Dec. 
 
 * Worcester. 
 
 10 associations. 
 
 9 counties, 2 towns, 1 liberty. 
 
 W. R. (York), twice. 
 
 Edw. III. 
 
 pt. 1, m. 27 d. 6 March. 
 
 * Essex. 
 
 26 March. 
 
 * Holland (Line.). 
 
 4 May. 
 
 * Bucks. 
 
 18 May. 
 
 * Dorset. 
 
 28 May. 
 
 * Oxford, * W. R. (York) 
 
 4 Aug. 
 
 * Berks. 
 
 10 Aug. 
 
 * Herts. 
 
 12 Sept. 
 
 * N. R. (York). 
 
 pt. 3, m. 21 d. 6 Oct. 
 
 Town of Oxford. 
 
 9 counties, 1 town. 
 
 5 associations; pt. 1, m. 27 d. 
 
 99 associations for the decade. 
 
 1 Included under towns but counted as one. 
 
DOCUMENTS , LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 43* 
 
 3. List of the 6 yi justices responsible for the enforcement of 
 the statutes during the decade. 
 
 The difference in number between 671 and 664 as given in 
 my article in E. H. R ., 527, is due to the addition to the list 
 of the names from two cancelled commissions and also of a 
 name from a source other than the Patent Rolls, and to the 
 decision in two instances that the same name belonged to 
 more than one man. The total number is really somewhat 
 greater than even this present list: the mayor of Oxford and 
 also the mayor and sheriffs of London had on several occa¬ 
 sions received commissions, although these officials are not in¬ 
 cluded here. Further, the lists for the first uncertain period 
 are by no means complete; e. g. Mauny and Thorpe both had 
 colleagues whose names I have not yet discovered. 
 
 Unless otherwise specified, the manuscript references are to 
 the Patent Rolls, the first number in each case meaning the 
 regnal year. The list of justices whose names are derived 
 from other sources are given in pt. 1, ch. i, s. 2. In some 
 cases the date of an appointment is not recorded on the Patent 
 Rolls but is supplied from the Originalia duplicate enrollment. 
 
 The names given are of justices appointed on a separate 
 commission for labourers, except when the name is preceded 
 by the letters L. and P.; these show that the appointment was 
 for a joint commission of the peace and for labourers. J shows 
 that a justice of labourers was during the years 1352-1359 ap¬ 
 pointed on a separate commission of the peace; f shows that 
 at some time during his career a given justice of labourers 
 served as judge in one of the upper courts. Removals and 
 associations are indicated. A bracket around “de” or “le,” 
 etc., indicates that the word sometimes, but not invariably, 
 occurs with the name. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 44* 
 
 J Adam, Thomas, of Asshebourn 
 Derby 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 10 March; ibid., 12 July. 
 {ibid., 8 Aug. “dominus Rex ... a commis- 
 sione ilia duxit amouendum.” H. de la Pole 
 assoc, in his place.) 
 
 { Alanby, Thomas de 
 Carlisle 
 
 26 pt. 3, m 1 d; 1 Jan. 
 
 J Albert, Alberd, Richard 
 
 Hunts, (except the town of Huntingdon) 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 15 Oct. (assoc.) 
 
 Hunts. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 Aldestowe. See Oldestowe. 
 
 Aleyn, John, of Wonford 
 Exeter 
 
 30 pt. 3, m 17 d; 20 Nov. 
 
 Alkebarowe, Alkebarwe, John de, clerk (parson of the church 
 of Sibseye) 
 
 Lindsey (Line) 
 
 27 pt. 2, m 25 d; 12 Jan. (assoc.). 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 8 May; ibid., 3 July. 
 
 Manors, etc., of duke of Lancaster in Lincolnshire 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 8 July. 
 
 J Allerstan, John de 
 
 Lib. of Pickering and wap. of Rydale, N. R. 
 
 30 pt. 3, m 17 d; 30 Oct. 
 
 J Alveton, John de 
 Oxford 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March 
 Honours, towns, etc., of the Duchy of Cornwall in vari¬ 
 ous counties. 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 26 March. 
 
 Angus, Earl of. See Umframvill. 
 
DOCUMENTS , LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 45 * 
 
 Apethorp, William de 
 Stamford 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 Apoldrefeld, William de 
 
 Lib. of archbishop of Canterbury in Kent 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 16 Sept. 
 
 Ardale, Adam de 
 Essex 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 8 d; 16 May (assoc.). 
 
 $ Arserugge, Assherugge, Thomas de 
 Kent 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 26 Sept, (repeated). 
 
 % Artureth, William de 
 Carlisle 
 
 26 pt. 3, m 1 d; 1 Jan. 
 
 Arundel, Earl of. See Fitz Alan. 
 
 J Ask, Richard de 
 
 Bishop of Durham’s Lib. of Howden 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 12 Oct. 
 
 J Aspale, John de, (knight) 
 
 Suffolk • 
 
 24 pt. 3, m 10 d; 18 Nov. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 14 May. 
 
 Assh, Robert de 
 Northants. 
 
 32 pt. 1, m 34 d; 20 Feb. (in place of William Broun) 
 Void. 
 
 J Asshewell, Assewell, Eustace de 
 Stamford 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 27 pt. 1, m 24 d; 12 Feb. 
 
 J Asteleye, Thomas de 
 Leicester 
 
 * 1 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 2 July. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 46 * 
 
 { Aston, Hugh de 
 Leicester 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 13 d; 20 May (assoc.). 
 Northampton 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 8 d; 20 May (assoc.; apparently 
 an error in the list of names to which this name is 
 added). 
 
 Shropshire 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 9 d; 15 May. 
 
 Stafford 
 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d; 16 May. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 2 Nov.; ibid., 20 Dec. 
 
 Warwick 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 9 d; 20 April. 
 
 Worcester 
 
 27 pt. 2, m 25 d; 3 Aug. 
 
 Coventry 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 28 Feb.; ibid., 28 June. 
 
 Shrewsbury 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 28 May; ibid., 18 Sept. 
 
 | Aston, Roger de 
 
 Stafford 
 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d; 16 May. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 J Aton, William de 
 
 Wap. of Cleveland and Pickering, N. R. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 2 July. 
 
 Scarborough 
 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d; 4 July. 
 
 Lib. of Pickering and Wap. of Rydale, N. R. 
 
 30 pt. 3, m 17 d; 30 Oct. 
 
 $ Ayrmynne, William de 
 Kesteven (Line.) 
 
 27 pt. 1, m 24 d; 4 May. 
 
DOCUMENTS , LISTS AND TABLES 47 * 
 
 Baa, Thomas de 
 Norfolk 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 11 July (assoc.). 
 
 Bacon, Robert 
 
 Suffolk 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 Bampton, John de 
 Essex 
 
 27 pt. 1, m 23 d; 8 July (assoc.). 
 
 $ Banastre, William, (of Hadenhale) 
 
 Shropshire 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 9 d; 15 May. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 20 June. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 20 Dec. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 Shrewsbury 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 28 May; ibid., 18 Sept. 
 
 J Bardolff, Bardolf, John, (of Wyrmegeye) 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 26 June. 
 
 Barentyn, Thomas 
 Oxford 
 
 1 - 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 Barton, Henry de, clerk 
 
 Lib. of Ripon of archbishop of York 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 28 April. 
 
 Barton, John de 
 Scarborough 
 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d; 14 Feb. 
 
 J Barton, Roger de 
 
 Scarborough 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 3 Oct. 
 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d; 14 Feb. 
 
 { Basset, Simon 
 
 Gloucester 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 3 Feb. (29th year; assoc.). 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 48* 
 
 f J Basset, William 
 Cumberland 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 Lancashire 
 
 24 pt. 3, m 13 d; 20 Oct. 
 
 N or thumber land 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 Westmoreland 
 ditto 
 
 York, E. R. 
 ditto 
 
 York, N. R. 
 ditto 
 
 York, W. R. 
 
 ditto (repeated, 20 May) 
 
 Beverley 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 2, m 20 d; 25 June. 
 
 27 pt. 2, m 25 d; 25 Aug. 
 Kingston-on-Hull 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 Feb. 
 Scarborough 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 21 d; 20 Feb. 
 City of York 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 3, m 19 d; 3 Nov. 
 
 Bathelay, Batheleye, William de 
 Southwell 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 15 July. 
 
 Nottingham 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 Bayard, William 
 Boston 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 16 Oct. 
 
 Beauchaump, John de, of Somerset 
 Somerset 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 49 
 
 * 
 
 Beauchaump, Roger de 
 Wilts. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 J Beauchaump, Bello Campo, Thomas de, earl of Warwick 
 Warwick 
 
 L. & P. 
 L. & P. 
 Worcester 
 L. & P. 
 L. & P. 
 
 J Beauchaump, 
 Worcester 
 
 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 26 pt. 1, m 9 d; 20 April. 
 
 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 26 pt. 1, m 9 d; 20 April; ibid., 2 July. 
 
 27 pt. 1, m 24 d; 12 Feb. 
 
 Bello Campo, William de 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 9 d; 20 April (de Campo merely). 
 (Granted a general patent of exemption on account 
 of age; 26 pt. 2, m 21; 13 June. Exonerated from 
 service in Worcester, “ certis de causis coram con- 
 silio;” Claus. 26 m. 15 ; 28 Aug.). 
 
 27 pt. 1, m 24 d; 12 Feb. 
 
 4 Beek, Henry de 
 
 Derby 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 16 Dec. (assoc.). 
 
 Beek, James atte 
 Lindsey (Line) 
 
 24 pt. 3, m 10 d; 12 Nov. 
 
 Beek, Nicholas de • 
 
 Leicester 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 Stafford 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 J Bekwell, Henry de 
 
 Surrey •• • ' 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 20 June. 
 
 J; Belesby, William de 
 Lindsey (Line.) 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 3 July. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 Belewe, Belowe, John 
 Southwell 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 30 May; ibid., 15 July, 
 f Belknappe, Robert de 
 
 Lib. of abbot of Battle in Surrey 
 
 Assize Rolls, Surrey, 907; spring of 25 Edw. Ill; app. 
 C, 1. 
 
 Belkthorp, William de 
 York, E. R. 
 
 32 pt. 1, m 34 d; 20 Nov. 
 
 Bello Campo. See Beauchaump. 
 
 J Benteleye, Bentele, John de 
 York, E. R. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 (His place is taken by Illard de Usfeld; 26 pt. 1 
 m 8 d; 6 May.) 
 
 Beverley 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 2, m 20 d; 25 June. 
 
 27 pt. 2, m 25 d; 25 Aug. 
 
 Bishop of Durham’s Lib. of Howden. 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 12 Oct. 
 
 Kingston-on-Hull 
 
 26 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 Feb. 
 
 Scarborough 
 
 26 pt. 1, m 21 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 Berdeseye, William 
 
 Cumberland 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 Bere, Richard de la 
 
 Hereford * 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 J Berewe, Bergh, Walter atte 
 Wilts. 
 
 27 pt. 2, m 25 d; 24 Jan. (assoc.). 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 2 July. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; no date. 20 Dec. Orig. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
DOCUMENTS , LISTS AND TABLES 51 * 
 
 % Berewyk, Berwyk, Gilbert de 
 Wilts. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 27 pt. 1, m 24 d; 27 May. 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 2 July. 
 
 Berewyk, Berewik, Berwyk, Hugh de 
 Lancashire 
 
 24 pt. 3, m 13 d; 20 Oct. 
 
 York, W. R. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March (repeated: 20 May). 
 Bergh, Martin de 
 
 Manors and towns of Cheshunt and Bassingbourn of the 
 earl of Richmond. 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 20 March. 
 
 Bergh. See Berewe. 
 
 Berkele, Thomas de 
 Gloucester 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 % Berkele, Thomas de, of Coberle 
 Gloucester 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 27 pt. 2, m 25 d; 3 Aug. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 Berland, John de 
 Essex 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 8 d; 6 May (assoc.). 
 
 J Bernard, Gilbert 
 Cambridge 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 27 pt. 2, m 25 d; 3 Nov. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 20 Dec. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 Lib. of bishop of Ely 
 
 32 pt. i, m 34 d; 14 July. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 52 * 
 
 Bernard, Richard, the elder 
 
 Lib. of Pickering and Rydale, N. R. 
 
 30 pt. 3, m 17 d; 30 Oct. 
 
 $ Berneye, John de 
 Norfolk 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 27 pt. 2, m 25 d; 22 Nov. 
 
 (“quibusdam . . . certis de causis commissiones 
 . . . duximus revocandas ” (includes W. de Wych- 
 yngham) ; Claus. 28 m. 29; 1 Feb.). 
 
 (Except Lynn) 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 30 Nov.; ibid., 20 Dec. 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 Berton, John de, the elder 
 
 Lib. of archbishop of Canterbury in Kent 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 16 Sept. 
 
 % Beseby, Robert de 
 
 Grimsby 
 
 27 pt. 2, m 25 d; 15 Jan. 
 
 $ Beverleye, John de 
 Beverley 
 
 27 pt. 2, m 25 d; 25 Aug. 
 
 Bifeld, Thomas de 
 
 Northants. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 20 Feb. (assoc.), 
 t Birton, Richard de 
 
 T 7 
 
 Berks. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 Cornwall 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 9 d; 15 July. 
 
 Devon 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 Dorset 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
* 
 
 DOCUMENTS , LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 53 
 
 Oxford 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 Somerset 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 Southampton 
 
 ditto < 
 
 Surrey- 
 ditto 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 20 June. 
 
 Wilts. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 J Biteryng, William de 
 Lynn 
 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d; 20 July. 
 
 Blake, John 
 
 Herts. 
 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d; 21 March. 
 
 Blankeneye, John de 
 
 Manors, etc., of duke of Lancaster in Essex, Kent, Midd. 
 and Sussex. 
 
 30 pt. 3, m 22 d; 28 Oct. 
 
 Blaykeston, Blaikeston, Roger de 
 Cumberland 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 Lancashire 
 
 24 pt. 3, m 13 d; 20 Oct. 
 
 Westmoreland 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 York, E. R. 
 ditto 
 
 York, N. R. 
 ditto 
 
 Kingston-on-Hull 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 Feb. 
 Newcastle-on-Tyne 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 28 d; 8 Feb. 
 
 Scarborough 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 21 d; 20 Feb. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 54 
 
 * 
 
 Blenkansopp, Thomas 
 Westmoreland 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 Blundell, Richard 
 Northants. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 Blyton, William de 
 City of Lincoln 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 19 d; 27 March. 
 
 Bockyng, Ralph de 
 Suffolk 
 
 24 pt. 3, m 10 d; 18 Nov. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 13 d; 24 June (assoc.). 
 
 | Bohun, John de 
 Sussex 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 20 June. 
 
 Bolle, Ranulf 
 
 Holland (Line.) 
 
 33 pt. 1, m 27 d; 26 March. 
 
 J Botetourt, Butetourt, Buttetourt, John 
 Warwick 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 13 d; 20 Sept, (assoc.). 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 9 d; 20 April. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 18 May. 
 
 Worcester 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 13 d; 20 Sept, (assoc.). 
 
 (“certis de causis coram consilio ” ... he is 
 appointed to Warwick; therefore “exonerandus” 
 from service in Worcester; Claus. 26 m. 19, 15 
 April.) 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 9 d; 2 July. 
 
 (Again “exonerandus” from service in Wor¬ 
 cester by a writ very similar to the above; 
 Claus. 26 m. 15; 28 Aug.) 
 
 27 pt. 1, m 24 d; 12 Feb. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 3 Dec. 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 1 April. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 55 
 
 * 
 
 Botheby, John de, (clerk) 
 
 Lib. of Holderness 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 21 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d; 1 March. 
 
 J Botiller, Thomas le 
 Gloucester 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 20 Dec. 
 
 Worcester 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 % Boure, Hugh de la 
 Westmoreland 
 
 27 pt. 2, m 25 d; 26 Oct. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d, 20 Dec.; ibid., 17 Jan. 
 
 Bowode, Robert de 
 
 Stafford 
 
 30 pt. i, m 17 d, 28 May (assoc.) ; ibid., 26 Oct. (in 
 place of Roger de Hillary, who has died). 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 | Bozoun, Bozon, John 
 
 Notts. 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 2 July. 
 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d; 26 Jan. 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 15 April. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 10 Nov. (in place of Thomas de 
 Neumarche). 
 
 | Bracy, Robert 
 Worcester 
 
 32 pt. 1, m 34 d; 15 Dec. 
 
 Bradenham, Leonet de 
 
 Essex 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d, 28 Aug.; ibid., 20 Dec. 
 
 J Bradeston, Thomas de 
 Gloucester 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 27 pt. 2, m 25 d; 3 Aug. 
 
 Braibrok. See Braybrok. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 56* 
 
 J Brankescombe, Brauncecombe, Braunkescombe, Braunkes- 
 coumbe, Richard (de) 
 
 Devon 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 27 pt. i, m 24 d; 20 July. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 20 Dec. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 Brauncescombe, Walter de 
 Devon 
 
 33 pt. 1, m 27 d; 9 Feb. (with R. de Chiselden in 
 place of Thomas de Crouthorn and William de 
 Luscote). 
 
 J Braunche, Robert 
 Lynn 
 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d; 20 July. 
 
 % Bray, Braye, John (de) 
 
 Kent 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 Middlesex 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 1 Oct.; ibid., 20 Dec. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 Bray, William 
 
 Lindsey (Line.) 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 1 Dec. 
 
 J Braybrok, Brabrok, Braibrok, Gerard de 
 Bedford 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 Bucks. 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 J Braylesford, Henry de 
 Derby 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 2 July. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 20 Dec. 
 
DOCUMENTS , LISTS AND TABLES 57 * 
 
 Brewes, Thomas de 
 Surrey 
 
 County Placita, no. 8; spring of 24 Edw. Ill; app., 
 C, 2. 
 
 % Brian, Bryan, Bryene, Guy de 
 Berks. 
 
 26 pt. 3, m 4 d; 1 Jan. 
 
 Gloucester 
 
 27 pt. 2, m 25 d; 3 Aug. 
 
 Oxford 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 8 d; 3 May (with G. Chasteleyn 
 in place of J. de Grey and J. Golafre). 
 
 26 pt. 3, m 4 d; 1 Jan. 
 
 Worcester 
 
 27 pt. 2, m 25 d; 3 Aug. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 1 July. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 20 Dec. 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 1 April. 
 
 Brigeham, John de 
 
 Cambridge 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 Broun, William 
 Northants. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 26 April. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 (because he cannot attend to his office, Robert 
 Assh is appointed in his place; 32 pt. 1, m 34 d; 
 20 Feb. Void.) 
 
 Lib. of abbot of Peterborough 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 20 June. 
 
 X Brugge, Brugges, Roger de 
 Worcester 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 18 May; ibid., 1 July. 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 1 April. 
 
 Bruggeford, John de 
 
 Town of Nottingham 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 25 May. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 58* 
 
 Bruyn, John (de), (le) 
 
 Bucks. 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. (repeated). 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 2 July. 
 
 Warwick 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 9 d; 20 April. 
 
 Bruys, Robert 
 
 Lib. of Pickering and wap. of Rydale, N. R. 
 
 30 pt. 3, m 17 d; 30 Oct. 
 
 Buketot, Philip (de) 
 
 Bucks. 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. (repeated). 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 J Bures, Andrew de 
 Suffolk 
 
 24 pt. 3, m 10 d; 18 Nov. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 14 May. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 20 Dec. (his place is taken 
 by M. de Bures and T. Morieux; 30 pt. 
 1, m 17 d; 13 Oct.). 
 
 % Bures, Michael de 
 Suffolk 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 13 Oct. (with T. Morieux in place 
 of A. de Bures). 
 
 Brughbrigg, John, son of Nicholas de 
 
 Lib. of Knaresborough of Queen Philippa 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 26 July. 
 
 Burnel, Nicholas 
 Shropshire 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 9 d; 15 May. 
 
 J Burton, William (de), (of Burton) 
 
 Rutland 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 2 July. 
 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d; 12 July. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 59 * 
 
 York, E. R. 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 12 May (assoc.). 
 
 32 pt. 1, m 34 d; 8 Feb. (in place of Robert de Hal- 
 denby). 
 
 33 pt. 1, m 27 d; 6 April (assoc.). 
 
 Wap. of Herthill and Hovedenshire, E. R. 
 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d; 6 March (30th year; assoc.). 
 Burwell, John de 
 Cambridge 
 
 L. & P. Claus. 25 m. 16; 12 July (writ for wages). 
 $ Bussy, John, of Lavyngton 
 
 Holland and Kesteven (Line.) 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 Kesteven (Line.) 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 27 pt. 1, m 24 d; 4 May. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 8 May. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 20 Dec. 
 
 Bustiler, Robert 
 Cambridge 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 Butetourt, Buttetourt. See Botetourt. 
 
 Byngham, William de 
 Notts. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 13 d; 12 Feb. (27th year; 
 assoc.). 
 
 Byntre, Walter de 
 Suffolk 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 14 May. 
 
 Carbonel, William 
 Suffolk 
 
 24 pt. 3, m 10 d; 18 Nov. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 Careles, William 
 
 Palatinate of Lancaster 
 
 (Referred to) Duchy of Lane., Chanc. Rolls, ii, no. 
 19 d; 3 May, 6 duke Henry (in assoc, of R. de 
 Singleton). 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 6o * 
 
 $ Carrue, Nicholas de 
 Surrey 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 20 Dec. 
 } Cary, Thomas 
 Dorset 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 20 Jan. 
 J Catesby, William de 
 Warwick 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 13 d; 20 June (assoc. 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 18 May. 
 
 % Causton, Robert de, (knight) 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 26 June. 
 
 Lib. of bishop of Ely 
 
 32 pt. I, m 34 d; 14 July, 
 f J Cavendissh, John de 
 Essex 
 
 L. & P. 
 
 Suffolk 
 L. & P. 
 
 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 27 pt. 1, m 24 d; 3 June. 
 
 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 14 May. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 20 Dec. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 Caynton, William de 
 Shropshire 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 20 June. 
 
 Cecill, William, of Howden 
 
 Bishop of Durham’s Lib. of Howden 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 12 Oct. 
 
 J Chabham, Thomas de 
 Essex 
 
 27 pt. 1, m 24 d; 3 June. 
 
 J Charnels, John 
 
 Leicester 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 20 Oct. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 6l * 
 
 Charnels, Nicholas 
 Warwick 
 
 30 pt. 3, m 17 d; 8 Nov. 
 t Chasteleyn, Gilbert 
 Oxford 
 
 L & P. 26 pt. 1, m 8 d; 3 May (assoc, with Guy 
 Brian in place of J. de Grey and J. Golafre). 
 Southampton 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 16 Oct. 
 
 Warwick 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 L. & P 26 pt. 1, m 9 d; 20 April. 
 
 Worcester 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 9 d; 2 July. 
 
 27 pt. 1, m 24 d; 12 Feb. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 18 May; ibid., 1 July. 
 
 Lib. of Holderness 
 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d; 1 March. 
 
 { Chastilleyn, Hugh 
 
 Bucks. 
 
 33 pt. 1, m 27 d; 4 May. 
 
 Chastilloun, John 
 Bucks. 
 
 L. P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 J Chaumont, Chaumon, John (de), (knight) 
 
 York, W. R. 
 
 30 pt. 3, m 17 d; 26 Oct. (assoc.). 
 
 32 pt. 1, m 34 d; 16 July. 
 
 33 pt. 1, m 27 d; 28 May. 
 
 Wap. of Ainsty, Barkston and Claro, W. R. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 2 July {ibid., 20 Jan.; his place is 
 taken by John de Shirburn, “quibusdam certis de 
 causis ”). 
 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d; 15 May. 
 
 Lib. of duke of Lancaster in W. R. 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 16 Oct. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 62 * 
 
 Chaundos, Roger 
 Hereford 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 % Chaworth, Thomas de, the elder 
 Leicester 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 18 Feb. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 1 Aug. 
 
 } Chelereye, Edmund 
 
 Lib. of abbot of Reading 
 
 29 pt. 3, m 4 d; 12 Jan. 
 
 Cherleton, John de 
 
 Shropshire 
 
 28 pt, 1, m 22 d; 20 June. 
 
 J Chesterton, Robert de 
 
 Lib. of Queen Isabel in towns of Cambridge and Chesterton 
 
 30 pt. 3, m 17 d; 10 July. 
 
 Chestre, John de 
 
 Stamford 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 Cheyny, Edmund de 
 Somerset 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 t Cheyny, John 
 Cambridge 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 t Chiltenham, William de 
 
 Gloucester 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 27 pt. 2, m 25 d; 3 Aug. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 20 Dec. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 Hereford 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 Leicester 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 Shropshire 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 63* 
 
 Stafford 
 
 ditto 
 
 Worcester 
 
 ditto 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 9 d; 20 April. 
 
 J Chilterne, John.de 
 Herts. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 20 Dec. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 32 pt. 1, m 34 d; 16 May. 
 
 $ Chiselden, Richard de 
 
 Devon 
 
 33 pt. 1, m 27 d; 9 Feb. (with W. de, Braunkescombe 
 in place of T. de Crouthorn and W. de Luscote). 
 
 Chorley, William de, clerk 
 Palatinate of Lancaster 
 
 Duchy of Lane., Chanc. Rolls, ii, no. 38 d; 26 April, 
 9 duke Henry. 
 
 Cirgeaux, Richard (le piere) 
 
 Cornwall 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d, 10 Dec.; ibid., 20 Dec. 
 
 32 pt. 1, m 34 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 J Claymond, Cleymond, John 
 Holland (Line.) 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d, 3 March (assoc.) ; ibid., 8 
 May; ibid., 2 July. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 20 Dec. 
 
 J Clere, Robert 
 Norfolk 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 27 pt. 2, m 25 d; 22 Nov. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 26 June. 
 
 (Except Lynn) 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 30 Nov. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 64 * 
 
 (Except Lynn) 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 20 Dec. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 J Clerk, Andrew 
 Grimsby 
 
 27 pt. 2, m 25 d; 15 Jan. 
 
 Clotherum, Clotherom, John de 
 
 Town and Lib. of Ripon of archbishop of York 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 20 March 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 28 April. 
 
 Clynton, Ivo de 
 Kent 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 13 d; 20 April (assoc.). 
 Clynton, William de, earl of Huntingdon 
 Kent 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 
 t Clyvedon, Edmund de 
 Somerset 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 
 
 28 pt. 
 
 30 pt. 
 
 31 Ph 
 
 32 pt. 
 
 Cobham, John de 
 Kent 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 
 
 J Codyngton, John de 
 Leicester 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 2 July. 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 20 Oct. 
 
 Coggeshale, John de 
 Essex 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 Cokayn, John 
 Derby 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 1, m 22 d; 8 May. 
 
 1, m 17 d; 20 Oct. 
 
 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 1, m 34 d; 26 Jan. 
 
 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
DOCUMENTS , LISTS AND TABLES 65 * 
 
 Palatinate of Lancaster 
 
 Duchy of Lane., Chanc. Rolls, ii, no. 10; 1 Aug., 5 
 duke Henry. 
 
 Ibid., ii, no. 24 d; 10 Oct., 7 duke Henry. 
 
 Ibid., ii, no. 38 d; 26 April, 9 duke Henry. 
 
 J Cokeseye, Cogeseye, Hugh de 
 Worcester 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 9 d; 20 April; ibid., 2 July. 
 
 27 pt. 2, m 25 d; 3 Aug. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 18 May; ibid., 1 July. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 3 Dec.; ibid., 20 Dec. 
 
 Colbrok, William de 
 Middlesex 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 12 April (with J. de Tamworth in 
 place of R. atte Watre and J. de Munden). 
 
 % Colby, John de 
 Norfolk 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 26 June. 
 
 (Except Lynn) j 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 30 Nov. 
 
 Cohere, Richard 
 
 Town of Nottingham 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 25 May. 
 
 | Colvill, John 
 Norfolk 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. (“ certis de causis ” . . . his 
 place is taken by R. de Eccles; 32 pt. 1, m 34 d; 
 4 July). 
 
 t Colvill, Robert de 
 
 Holland and Kesteven (Line.) 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 Kesteven (Line.) : 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 27 pt. 1, m 24 d; 4 May. 
 
66 * APPENDIX 
 
 J Colvill, Coluyll, William de 
 
 Holland and Kesteven (Line.) 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 Kesteven (Line.) 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 8 May. 
 
 Colyngburn, Roger de 
 
 Prior of Bustleham’s Lib. at Bustleham and elsewhere in 
 Berks. 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 8 May. 
 
 % Conestable, Marmaduke 
 
 York, E. R. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 20 Dec. 
 
 Wap. of Herthill and Hovedenshire, E. R. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 2 July. 
 
 Conyngesby, John de 
 Warwick 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 Cotyngham, John de 
 
 Lib. of St. Peter of York 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 8 Nov. 
 
 X Coudeshale, John de 
 
 Lynn 
 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d; 20 July. 
 
 Coupeland, John de 
 
 Westmoreland 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 Courtenay, Hugh de, earl of Devon 
 Devon 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 Cradelegh, Adam de 
 Notts. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 13d; 8April (27th year; assoc.). 
 Cranesle, John de 
 Northants. 
 
 L. & P. Claus. 25 m 16; 12 July (writ for wages). 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 * 
 
 % Croft, Hugh de 
 Hunts. 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 27 pt. 2, m 25 d; 1 Dec. (At his death his 
 place is taken by R. de Elyngton; 28 pt. 
 3, m 15 d; 12 Nov.) 
 
 X Crouthorn, Thomas (de) 
 
 Devon 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 20 Dec. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 [Because he is infirm, his place and that of W. 
 de Luscote (for other reasons) are taken by W. 
 de Braunkescombe and R. de Chiselden; 33 pt. 1, 
 m 27 d; 9 Feb.] 
 
 Croyser, William 
 Bedford 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 Croxford, John de 
 Oxford 
 
 33 pt. 1, m 27 d; 28 May. 
 
 Cubeldik, Roger de 
 Holland (Line.) 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 X Daber, Roger 
 Sussex 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 20 June. 
 
 X Dabernoun, John 
 Cornwall 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 9 d; 15 July. 
 Devon 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 27 pt. 1, m 24 d; 20 July. 
 
 Exeter 
 
 30 pt. 3, m 17 d; 20 Nov. 
 
68 * APPENDIX 
 
 Dalderby, Robert de, of Lincoln 
 City of Lincoln 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 6 April. 
 
 J Dale, William de 
 Southampton 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 16 Oct. 
 
 { Daneys, Dauneys, Roland 
 Rutland 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 2 July. 
 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d; 12 July. 
 
 J Daumarle, William 
 
 Devon 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 27 pt. 1, m 24 d; 20 July. 
 
 Dayncourt. See Deyncourt. 
 
 Dayvill, Adam de, of Laxton 
 
 Bishop of Durham’s Lib. of Howden 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 12 Oct. 
 
 Dayvill. See Deyvill. 
 
 $ Debenham, Depenham, Gilbert de 
 Suffolk 
 
 24 pt. 3, m 10 d; 18 Nov. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March (“quibusdam 
 . . certis de causis . . commissiones . . . duximus 
 revocandas;” Claus. 28 m. 29; 1 Feb.). 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 20 Dec. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 f J Delves, John 
 Leicester 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 Shropshire 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 9 d; 15 May. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 20 June. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 20 Dec. 
 
 Stafford 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
DOCUMENTS , LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 69* 
 
 Dene, William atte, of Wycombe 
 Wycombe 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 20 March. 
 
 { Dengayn, Dengeyne, John 
 Hunts. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 27 pt. 2, m 25 d; 1 Dec. 
 
 Dersham, William de (iuxta Donewych) 
 
 Suffolk 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 14 May. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 16 Feb. (30th year; assoc.). 
 (Repeated) 30 pt. 1, m 19 d; 16 Feb. 
 
 Derwentewater, John de 
 Westmoreland 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 Deschalers, Thomas 
 Cambridge 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 Devon, earl of. See Courtenay. 
 
 { Deyncourt, Dayncourt, William 
 Notts. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 2 July. 
 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d; 26 Jan. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 1 Aug. 
 
 J Deyvill, Dayvill, de Eyvill, John, (of Tokwyth) 
 
 York, W. R. 
 
 30 pt. 3, m 17 d; 26 Oct. (assoc.). 
 
 32 pt. 1, m 34 d; 16 July. 
 
 33 pt. 1, m 27 d; 28 May. 
 
 Wap. of Ainsty, Barkston and Claro, W. R. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 2 July. 
 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d; 15 May. 
 
 Disny, William 
 
 Holland and Kesteven (Line.) 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 7 o 
 
 * 
 
 \ 
 
 Ditton, Benedict de 
 Essex 
 
 27 pt. 2, m 25 d; 22 Jan. (with Goldyngham in place 
 of Tyrel). 
 
 Doily, Thomas 
 Bucks. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; no date. 20 Dec. Orig. 
 
 J Drewe, Geoffrey 
 Lynn 
 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d; 20 July. 
 
 Duxfeld, Gilbert 
 
 Jr 
 
 N ewcastle-on-Tyne 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 28 d; 8 Feb. ' ■ 
 
 Dyk, Reginald de 
 
 Lib. of archbishop of Canterbury in Kent 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 16 Sept. 
 
 Dynelay, John de 
 
 Lib. of duke of Lancaster in York, W. R. 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 16 Oct. 
 
 J Eccles, Reginald de 
 Norfolk 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 13 d; 20 Nov. (assoc.). 
 
 27 pt. 2, m 25 d; 22 Nov. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 10 July (assoc.). 
 
 32 pt. 1, m 34 d; 4 July (in place of John 
 Colvill). 
 
 $ Eleford, Elleford, Robert de 
 Cornwall 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 9 d; 15 July. 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 16 Dec. 
 
 Exeter 
 
 30 pt. 3, m 17 d; 20 Nov. 
 
 J Eleford, Elford, Elleford, Thomas (de) 
 
 Oxford 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 2 Dec. (in place of John de Laundels). 
 (Repeated: no date. 20 Dec. Orig.) 
 
DOCUMENTS , LISTS AND TABLES yi * 
 
 Manors and towns of Duchy of Cornwall in various coun¬ 
 ties 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 26 March. 
 
 Elkyngton, Robert de 
 Holland (Line.) 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 8 May. 
 
 Lindsey (Line.) 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 8 May. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 1 Dec. 
 
 Manors, etc., of duke of Lancaster in Lincolnshire 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 8 July. 
 
 | Ellesfeld, Gilbert de 
 Herts. 
 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d; 21 March. 
 
 J Elstede, Elsted, Robert de 
 Sussex 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 20 June. 
 
 Elyngton, Roger de 
 Hunts. 
 
 28 pt. 3, m 15 d; 12 Nov. (in place of Hugh de Croh 
 who is dead). 
 
 4 Elys, John, (of Thame) 
 
 Bucks. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 33 pt. 1, m 27 d; 4 May. 
 
 Oxford 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 2 July. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m8d;i Aug. (repeated: no date. 20 Dec. 
 Orig.) 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 33 pt. 1, m 27 d; 28 May. 
 
 | Estbury, John de 
 Southampton 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 16 Oct. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 72 * 
 
 % Estfeld, William de, (of Tykhull) 
 
 York, W. R. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 27 pt. 1, m 24 d; 3 July. 
 
 X Estham, Richard de 
 Worcester 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 1 April. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 20 Nov. (assoc.). 
 
 32 pt. 1, m 34 d; 15 Dec. 
 
 X Eston, John de 
 
 Northants. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 13 d; 8 Nov. (assoc.). 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 26 March. 
 
 X Eston, Roger de 
 
 Wap. of Claro, Ewcross, Skyrack and Staincliffe, W. R. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 10 Feb. 
 
 County of Richmond 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 10 Feb. 
 
 X Everard, John 
 Wilts. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 13 d; 28 May (assoc.). 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; no date. 20 Dec. Orig. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 Everyngham, Adam de, of Rokeleye 
 
 York, W. R. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March (repeated: 20 
 May.) 
 
 Eyvill, de. See Deyvill. 
 
 Fairfax, William 
 York, W. R. 
 
 32 pt. 1, m 34 d; 3 Nov. (assoc.). 
 
 Faryngton, Roger de 
 
 Palatinate of Lancaster 
 
 Duchy of Lane., Chanc. Rolls, ii, no. 10; 1 Aug., 5 
 duke Henry. 
 
 Ibid., ii, no. 24 d; 10 Oct., 7 duke Henry. 
 
 Ibid., ii, no. 38 d; 26 April, 9 duke Henry. 
 
DOCUMENTS , LISTS AND TABLES 73 * 
 
 % Faucomberge, Fauconberge, John de 
 Lib. of Holderness 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 21 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 2 July. 
 
 J Felton, William de 
 
 N orthumberland 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 20 Dec. Void, 
 f $ Fencotes, Thomas de 
 
 Cumberland 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 Lancashire 
 
 24 pt. 3, m 13 d; 20 Oct. 
 
 Northumberland 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 Westmoreland 
 
 ditto 
 
 York, E. R. 
 ditto 
 
 York, N. R. 
 
 ditto 
 
 Beverley 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 2, m 20 d; 25 June. 
 
 27 pt. 2, m 25 d; 25 Aug. 
 
 County of Richmond 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 10 Feb. 
 
 Fenton, John de, the younger 
 Town and Lib. of Ripon 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 20 March. 
 
 Fenton, William de, (master) 
 
 York, W. R. 
 
 27 pt. 1, m 24 d; 3 July. 
 
 Wap. of Claro, Ewcross, Skyrack and Staincliffe, W. R. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 10 Feb. 
 
 Wap. of Ainsty, Barkston and Claro, W. R. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 2 July 
 Town and Lib. of Ripon 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 20 March. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 7 4 
 
 * 
 
 Fenwyk, John de 
 Northumberland 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 J Ferers, Ferrers, Ralph de 
 Leicester 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 13 d; 27 Oct. (assoc.). 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 2 July. 
 
 J Feriby, John de 
 Beverley 
 
 27 pt. 2, m 25 d; 25 Aug. 
 
 Lib. of St. Peter of York 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 8 Nov. 
 
 Ferumbaud, Thomas 
 
 Bucks. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 13 d; 27 Nov. (assoc.). 
 J Fifhide, Fifide, William (de) 
 
 Southampton 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 2 July. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; no date. 20 Dec. Orig. 
 
 Sussex 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 20 June. 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 12 March. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; - 5 Feb. 
 
 % Fillilod, William de 
 
 Lib. of Iiolderness 
 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d; 26 June (assoc.), 
 t Fitz Alan, Richard, earl of Arundel 
 Shropshire 
 
 L. & P. 
 L. & P. 
 Sussex 
 
 L. & P. 
 
 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 26 pt. 1, m 9 d; 15 May. 
 
 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 20 June. 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 12 March. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
DOCUMENTS , LISTS AND TABLES 75 * 
 
 $ Fitz James, Thomas 
 Somerset 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 20 Oct. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 32 pt. 1, m 34 d; 26 Jan. 
 
 Fitz Payn, Robert 
 
 Dorset 
 
 (Referred to) L. & P., 24 Edw. Ill, Mem. L. T. R., 
 31, Hill., Recorda, rot. 9. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 Fitz Symond, Hugh 
 Herts. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 Fitz Waryn, William 
 Berks. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 J Flemmyng, Alan 
 Newark 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 27 May. 
 
 Foljambe, Godfrey 
 
 Derby 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 % Folvill, Folevill, John de 
 Leicester 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 (For reference to his removal, see Pakeman.) 
 
 28 pt. 1, m. 22 d; 18 Feb. 
 
 Forster, Reginald 
 Surrey 
 
 County Placita, no. 8, spring of 24 Edw. Ill; app., 
 C, 2. 
 
 J Foucher, John 
 Derby 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 Newark 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 27 May. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 76 
 
 Fraunceys, Adam 
 London 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 1 Aug. 
 
 J Fraunceys, Robert 
 Derby 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 10 March; ibid., 12 July. 
 J Frebern, Richard 
 
 Coventry 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d, 28 Feb.; ibid., 28 June. 
 Frenyngham, Ralph de, (knight) 
 
 Kent 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 Lib. of archbishop of Canterbury in Kent 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 16 Sept. 
 
 Frere, John, of Doncaster 
 
 York, N. R. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 Fresel, Thomas 
 
 Bucks. 
 
 33 pt. 1, m 27 d; 4 May. 
 
 Freysel, Froysel, Richard 
 Suffolk 
 
 24 pt. 3, m 10 d; 18 Nov. 
 
 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 L. & P. 
 
 Frivill, John de 
 Cambridge 
 L. & P. 
 
 $ Frome, William de 
 Hereford 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d, 2 Oct.; ibid., 20 Dec. 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 J Frost, Thomas, (of Beverley) 
 
 Beverley 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 2, m 20 d; 25 June. 
 
 27 pt. 2, m 25 d; 25 Aug. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 77 * 
 
 $ Frowyk, Thomas de 
 Middlesex 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 Frylond, John 
 
 Lib. of abbot of Reading 
 
 29 pt. 3, m 4 d; 12 Jan. 
 
 $ Fulthorp, John de 
 
 York, N. R. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb.; ibid., 26 Nov. 
 
 33 pt. 1, m 27 d; 12 Sept. 
 
 •j* J Fyncheden, William de, (the younger) 
 
 Notts. 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 3 June (assoc.). 
 
 York, W. R. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March (repeated: 20 
 May.) 
 
 27 pt. 1, m 24 d; 3 July. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 20 Dec. 
 
 Wap. of Ainsty, Barkston and Claro, W. R. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 2 July. 
 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d; 15 May. 
 
 Wap. of Claro, Ewcross, Skyrack and Staincliffe, W. R. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 10 Feb. 
 
 Retford-in-the-Clay 
 
 27 pt. 1, m 24 d; 20 June. 
 
 Lib. of duke of Lancaster, in York, W. R. 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 16 Oct. 
 
 { Gaddesby, Richard de 
 
 Leicester 
 
 32 pt. 1, m 34 d; 16 Feb. 
 
 % Gaunt, John (de) 
 
 Lindsey (Line.) 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 3 July. 
 
 City of Lincoln 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 6 April. 
 
 Manors, etc., of duke of Lancaster in Lincolnshire 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 8 July. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 78* 
 
 Gervays, Thomas 
 Wycombe 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 20 March. 
 
 Manors and towns of Duchy of Cornwall in various 
 counties. 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 26 March. 
 
 Prior of Bustlesham’s Lib. of Bustlesham and elsewhere 
 in Berks. 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 8 May. 
 
 Giffard, John (le Boef) 
 
 Bucks. 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, in 23 d; 20 Feb. (repeated). 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 Gillyng, Richard de 
 
 Lib. of St. Peter of York 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 8 Nov. 
 
 Gist, John 
 Exeter 
 
 30 pt. 3, m 17 d; 20 Nov. 
 
 Godhestre, Godester, Godestre, Roger (de) 
 
 Kent 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 26 Sept. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 20 Oct. 
 
 Lib. of archbishop of Canterbury in Kent 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 16 Sept. 
 
 Manors, etc., of duke of Lancaster in Kent, Essex, Sus¬ 
 sex and Midd. 
 
 30 pt. 3, m 22 d; 28 Oct. 
 
 Golafre, John 
 Oxford 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 (“Nos certis de causis coram consilio . . . ab 
 officio . . duximus exonerandum . . 26 pt. 1, m 
 
 8 d; 3 May. J. de Grey likewise; their places 
 taken by G. de Brian and G. Chasteleyn.) 
 
 J Goldsmyth, William 
 Town of Leicester 
 
 30 pt. 3, m 17 d; 16 Nov. 
 
DOCUMENTS , LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 pr| n. • 
 
 Goldyng, John, of Beverley 
 Beverley 
 
 * 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 2, m 20 d; 25 June. 
 
 Goldyngham, John de, (knight) 
 
 Essex 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 27 pt. 2, m 25 d; 22 Jan. (with Ditton in 
 place of Tyrel). 
 
 Gosenargh, Thomas de 
 Lancashire 
 
 24 pt. 3, in 13 d; 20 Oct. 
 
 Gosynton, William 
 
 Lib. of Leominster of abbot of Reading 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 1 May. 
 
 % Gour, John 
 Hereford 
 
 32 pt. 1, m 34 d; 8 March (assoc.). 
 
 Lib. of Leominster of abbot of Reading 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 1 May. 
 
 J Gower, Nicholas 
 York, N. R. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 20 Dec. 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 12 July. 
 
 Wap. of Allerton, Birdforth and Richmond, N. R. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 2 July. 
 
 Wap. of Bulmer and Rydale, N. R. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 2 July. 
 
 Wap. of Cleveland and Pickering, N. R. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 2 July. 
 
 j Wap. of Herthill and Hovedenshire, E. R. 
 
 ; (Referred to) 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 12 Oct. (in assoc, of 
 
 • T. de Metham). 
 
 Scarborough 
 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d; 4 July. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 8 o* 
 
 % Grandissono, Otto de 
 Kent 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 28 pt. 2, in 13 d; 26 Sept, (repeated). 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 20 Oct. (repeated: no date. 
 20 Dec. Orig.) 
 
 Grandissono, Peter de 
 Hereford 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 Grave, John de la 
 Essex 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 2 July. 
 
 Gray, Thomas 
 
 Palatinate of Durham; wards of Chester, Darlington, 
 Stockton and Easington, and wapentake of Sadberg. 
 Cursitors’ Records, 30, rot. 1, Hatfield, m. 5 d, no. 6; 
 15 June, 5th year. 
 
 •j- J Grene, Henry (de) 
 
 Essex 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 Herts. 
 
 ditto 
 
 Kent 
 
 ditto 
 
 Northants. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 27 pt. 2, m 25 d; 26 Nov. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 26 April. 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 26 Nov. 
 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d; 26 April. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 1 Aug.; ibid., 20 Dec. 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 26 March. 
 
 Surrey 
 
 L. & P. 
 
 Sussex 
 ditto 
 
 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 81 * 
 
 Lib. of abbot of Peterborough 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 20 June. 
 
 Grey, John de, of Codenore 
 Derby 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 Grey, John de, of Rotherfield 
 Oxford 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 (“Nos certis de causis coram consilio . . ab 
 officio duximus exonerandum . . . 26 pt. 1, m 
 
 8 d; 3 May. J. Golafre likewise. Their places 
 taken by G. de Brian and G. Chasteleyn.) 
 
 | Grey, Ralph de 
 Berks. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 26 pt. 3, m 4 d; 1 Jan. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 33 pt. 1, m 27 d; 4 Aug. 
 
 J Grey, Gray, Greye, Richard (de), of Landford 
 Derby 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 13 d; 15 July (assoc.). 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 2 July. 
 
 Leicester 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 13 d; 15 July (assoc.). 
 Holland and Kesteven (Line.) 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 Kesteven (Line.) 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 13 d; 18 July (assoc.). 
 Lindsey (Line.) 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 13 d ; 18 July (assoc.). 
 Notts. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 2 July. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 1 Aug.; ibid., 20 Dec. 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 15 April. 
 
82* 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 York, W. R. 
 
 L. & P, 25 pt. 1, m 13 d; 18 July (assoc.). 
 Retford-in-the-Clay 
 
 27 pt. 1, m 24 d; 20 June. 
 
 Grey, Greye, Roger de 
 Bedford 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March, 
 
 j Grey, William de, of Sandyacre 
 Derby 
 
 30 pt. 3, m 17 d; 11 Dec. 
 
 Grete, Groete, Groot, Peter (de) 
 
 Worcester 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 9 d; 20 April; ibid., 2 July. 
 
 Grove, John atte 
 Essex 
 
 27 pt. 2, m 25 d; 8 Nov. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 28 Aug.; ibid., 20 Dec. 
 
 t Grymmesby, Peter de 
 Lib. of Holderness 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 8 d; 20 April (27th year; assoc. 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d; 1 March. 
 
 York, E. R. 
 
 32 pt. 1, m 34 d; 20 Nov. 
 
 Gyenne, Robert 
 Somerset 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 13 d; 2 May (assoc.). 
 
 $ Hadresham, John de 
 Surrey 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 20 June. 
 
 Lib. of abbot of Battle 
 
 Assize Roll, 907, Surrey; 27 Edw. Ill; app. C, 1. 
 Hagh, John de 
 
 Holland (Line.) 
 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d; 7 July (30th year; assoc.). 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 8 3 * 
 
 Haket, Thomas 
 Isle of Wight 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 Haldenby, Robert de 
 York, E. R. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 (“Certis de causis coram nobis et consilio nos¬ 
 tro propositis ....,” his place is taken by W. 
 de Burton; 32 pt. 1, m 34 d; 8 Feb.) 
 
 % Hale, John de la, knight 
 Dorset 
 
 33 pt. 1, m 27 d; 18 May. 
 
 Halsale, Oto de 
 
 Palatinate of Lancaster 
 
 Duchy of Lane., Chanc. Rolls, ii, no. 38 d; 26 April, 
 9 duke Henry. 
 
 Halsham, Robert de 
 Sussex 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 12 March. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 | Hamby, Geoffrey de 
 
 Kingston-on-Hull 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 Feb. 
 
 27 pt. 1, m 24 d; 12 Feb. 
 
 { Hamden, Hammeden, John de 
 Bucks. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; no date. 20 Dec. Orig. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 Hardy, William 
 
 Hospital of St. Leonard of York 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 20 July. 
 
 { Harewedon, Haroughdon, Harwedon, John de 
 Hunts. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 3 Nov. (in place of John de Sty- 
 uecle, who has died). 
 
84 * APPENDIX 
 
 Northants. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 27 pt. 2, m 25 d; 26 Nov. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 26 April. 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 26 Nov. 
 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d; 26 April. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 1 Oct. (assoc.). 
 
 Lib. of abbot of Peterborough 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 20 June. 
 
 Harewedon, William de 
 Northants. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 32 pt. 1, m 34 d; 28 Nov. 
 
 Haryngton, Haveryngton, John de, (Luncle) 
 
 Cumberland 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 Lancashire 
 
 24 pt. 3, m 13 d; 20 Oct. 
 
 Palatinate of Lancaster 
 
 Duchy of Lane., Chanc. Rolls, ii, no. 10; 1 Aug., 5 
 duke Henry. 
 
 Ibid., ii, no. 24 d; 10 Oct., 7 duke Henry. 
 Haryngton, Roger de 
 Lancashire 
 
 24 pt. 3, m 13 d; 20 Oct. 
 
 Hatton, William de 
 Herts. 
 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d; 21 March. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 30 Nov.; ibid., 20 Dec. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 32 pt. 1, m 34 d; 16 May. 
 
 33 pt. 1, m 27 d; 10 Aug. 
 
 Middlesex 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 1 Oct.; ibid., 20 Dec. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
DOCUMENTS , LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 85 * 
 
 $ Hauberk, Lawrence 
 Leicester 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 18 Feb.; ibid., 2 July. 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 20 Oct. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 1 Aug. 
 
 Haydok, Gilbert de 
 
 Lancashire 
 
 24 pt. 3, m 13 d; 20 Oct. 
 
 Heppescotes, William de 
 N orthumberland 
 
 9 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 Her dewy k, John de 
 Oxford 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 J Herlaston, Roger de 
 
 Lib. of Queen Isabel in towns of Cambridge & Chesterton 
 
 30 pt. 3, m 17 d; 10 July 
 $ Herle, Robert de 
 
 Leicester 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 20 Oct. 
 
 Hevenyngham, John de 
 Essex 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 8 d; 6 May (assoc.), 
 f J Hillary, Roger 
 Gloucester 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 Hereford 
 
 ditto 
 
 Leicester 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 Shropshire 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March (non). 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 9 d; 15 May. 
 
 Stafford 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d; 16 May. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 2 Nov.; ibid., 20 Dec. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 86 * 
 
 (By 26 Oct., 30 th year, he has died, and his 
 place is taken by R. de Bowode; 30 pt. 1, m 
 
 1 7 d.) 
 
 Worcester 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 9 d; 20 April; ibid., 2 July. 
 
 J Hilton, Robert de 
 Lib. of Plolderness 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 8 d; 20 May (in place of J. de 
 Sutton). 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 2 July. 
 
 Hoghton, Adam de 
 Lancashire 
 
 24 pt. 3, m 13 d; 20 Oct. 
 
 Hoke, John 
 
 Lib. of archbishop of Canterbury in Kent 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 16 Sept. 
 
 J Holand, Robert de 
 Northants. 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 25 July. 
 
 (Vacat quia restitute sunt.) 
 
 Homptone, Thomas de 
 
 Lib. of Leominster of abbot of Reading 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 1 May. 
 
 Hopton, Adam de 
 York, W. R. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 | Hopton, Walter de 
 Shropshire 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 9 d; 15 May. , ■ 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 20 June. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 20 Dec. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 % Hopwell, Roger de 
 
 Town of Nottingham 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 25 May. 
 
DOCUMENTS , LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 8 7 
 
 * 
 
 J Horwode, Horewod, Horewode, William de, of Cambridge, 
 (mayor) 
 
 Cambridge 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 13 d; 3 Nov. (assoc.). 
 
 27 pt. 2, m 25 d; 15 Dec. (assoc.). 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 20 May (assoc.). 
 
 Hoton, Richard de 
 Cumberland 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d, 30 Nov.; ibid., 20 Dec. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 Houel, John 
 Essex 
 
 Assize Roll, 267; for 24 Edw. Ill; app., D, 1. 
 
 House, John atte 
 Essex 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 8 d; 6 May (assoc.). 
 
 Hubert, Thomas 
 Essex 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 8 d; 6 May (assoc.). 
 
 (“Quibusdam . . certis de causis coram cou- 
 silio nostro propositis, te ab officio illo duximus 
 amovendum . . . .” Claus. 26 m. 2; 10 Jan.) 
 Huddeswell, William de 
 York, N. R. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 26 Nov. 
 
 X Hugon, Huguyn, John 
 Somerset 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 8 May. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 20 Dec. 
 
 X Humbercolt, Thomas 
 
 Beverley 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 2, m 20 d; 25 June. 
 
 27 pt. 2, m 25 d; 25 Aug. 
 
 Hungerford, Walter de 
 Wilts. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 13 d; 28 May (assoc.). 
 
88 * APPENDIX 
 
 Hungerford, Thomas de 
 Wilts. 
 
 27 pt. 1, m 24 d; 27 May. 
 
 J Hunt, Hunte, Theobald le 
 
 Rutland 
 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d; 12 July. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 20 Dec. 
 
 Huntingdon, earl of. See Clynton. 
 
 J Huse, Husee, Roger 
 Surrey 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 20 June. 
 
 f Husee, James 
 Somerset 
 
 L. & P. Claus. 25 m. 16; 12 July (writ for wages). 
 
 L. & P. Claus. 26 m. 16; 1 May (writ for wages). 
 
 32 pt. 1, m 34 d; 26 Jan. 
 
 J Hynton, Osbert de 
 
 Town of Huntingdon 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 20 Jan. 
 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d; 20 June. 
 
 •j- | Ingelby, Thomas de 
 
 York, N. R. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 20 Dec. 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 12 July. 
 
 Wap. of Ainsty, Barkston and Claro, W. R. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 2 July. 
 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d; 15 May. 
 
 Wap. of Claro, Ewcross, Skyrack and Staincliffe, W. R. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 10 Feb. 
 
 Lib. of abbot of St. Mary of York 
 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d; 20 June. 
 
 J Inkepenn, Inkepenne, John 
 
 Southampton 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 2 July. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; no date. 20 Dec. Orig. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
DOCUMENTS , LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 89 
 
 Isle, John del, of Kent 
 Cambridge 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 James, John 
 
 Cinque Ports 
 
 32 pt. 1, m 34 d; 20 Oct. 
 
 Kegworth, Keggeworth, Robert de 
 Leicester 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 13 d; 27 Oct. (assoc.). 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 32 pt. 1, m 34 d; 16 Feb. 
 
 J Kegworth, Keggeworth, Simon (de) 
 
 Kent 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 26 Sept, (repeated). 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 20 Oct. 
 
 Leicester 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 13 d; 27 Oct. (assoc.). 
 Kelby, Walter de, of Lincoln 
 City of Lincoln 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 19 d; 27 March. 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 6 April, 
 i t Kelleshull, Richard de 
 Bedford 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 Bucks. 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. (repeated). 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 Cambridge 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 27 pt. 2, m 25 d; 3 Nov. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 20 Dec. 
 
 Hunts. 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 90 
 
 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 
 
 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 
 
 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 
 
 Norfolk 
 L. & P. 
 
 L. & P. 
 
 Suffolk 
 L. & P. 
 
 J Kendale, Edward de 
 Herts. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. i, m 15 d; 
 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d; 
 Kerdeston, William de 
 Norfolk 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 
 J Kerseye, Kereseye, Henry (de) 
 Berks. 
 
 33 pt. i, m 27 d; 4 Aug. 
 Lib. of abbot of Reading 
 
 29 pt. 3, m 4 d; 12 Jan. 
 Kirketon, John de 
 Lindsey (Line.) 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 13 d; 
 J Knyghton, John de 
 Northants. 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 26 Nov. 
 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d ; 26 April, 
 t t Knyvet, John 
 
 Northants. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 
 
 27 pt. 2, m 25 d; 
 Lib. of abbot of Peterborough 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 20 June. 
 Knyvet, Richard 
 Rutland 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 
 Stamford 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 
 Langeford, Nicholas de 
 Derby 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 
 
 20 Feb. 
 
 15 March. 
 
 15 March. 
 
 15 March. 
 
 21 March. 
 
 20 Feb. 
 
 10 July (assoc. 
 
 15 March. 
 26 Nov. 
 
 15 March. 
 15 March. 
 
 15 March. 
 
DOCUMENTS , LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 91 
 
 * 
 
 | Langele, Langeleye, Thomas de 
 Kent 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 Oxford 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 26 pt. 3, m 4 d; 1 Jan. 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 2 July. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 1 Aug. (repeated: no date. 
 20 Dec. Orig.) 
 
 31 pt. i, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 33 pt. 1, m 27 d; 28 May. 
 
 Langele, William de 
 Kent 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 Langeton, Thomas de 
 Bedford 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 6 July (assoc.). 
 
 Lanum, John de 
 
 Notts. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. (repeated). 
 
 Southwell 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 30 May; ibid., 15 July. 
 
 Lascels, John 
 
 Lib. of abbot of St. Mary of York 
 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d; 20 June. 
 
 f 
 
 J Lasyngcroft, Laysyngcroft, John de 
 York, N. R. 
 
 33 pt. 1, m 27 d; 12 Sept. 
 
 York, W. R. 
 
 30 pt. 3, m 17 d; 26 Oct. (assoc.). 
 
 Lib. of duke of Lancaster in York, W. R. 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 16 Oct. 
 
 Lathum, Thomas de 
 Lancashire 
 
 24 pt. 3, m 13 d; 20 Oct. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 Launde, Thomas de la 
 Holland (Line.) 
 
 33 pt. i, m 27 d; 18 Feb. (assoc, with R. de Meres 
 in place of W. de Surflet). 
 
 33 pt. 1, m 27 d; 26 March. 
 
 | Laundels, Laundeles, John (de) 
 
 Berks. 
 
 26 pt. 3, m 4 d; 1 Jan. 
 
 Oxford 
 
 26 pt. 3, m 4 d; 1 Jan. 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 2 July. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 1 Aug. 
 
 (Made sheriff of Oxford and Berks.; there¬ 
 fore his place is taken by T. de Eleford; ibid., 
 2 Dec.) 
 
 Cinque Ports 
 
 32 pt. 1, m 34 d; 20 Oct. 
 
 Laurence, William 
 
 Palatinate of Lancaster 
 
 Referred to for years 26, 27 and 28; Lay Subs., 
 130/21, Lancaster. App. D, 4. 
 
 J Lavenham, William de 
 Cambridge 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 27 pt. 2, m 25 d; 3 Nov. 
 
 Essex 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 13 d; 20 May (assoc.). 
 
 J Lee, John atte 
 Herts. 
 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d; 21 March. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 30 Nov.; ibid., 20 Dec. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 J Lee, John de (de la, du) 
 
 Stafford 
 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d; 16 May. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 2 Nov. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 93 
 
 * 
 
 Warwick 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 9 d; 20 April. 
 
 Worcester 
 
 (Referred to) L. & P., Claus. 26 m. 19; 15 April. 
 
 J Leek, Lek, Lawrence de 
 Holland (Line.) 
 
 27 pt. 2, m 25 d; 20 Jan. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 8 May; ibid., 2 July. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 20 Dec. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 Leek, Matthew de 
 Holland (Line.) 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 Legburn, William de 
 
 Lib. of St. Mary’s church of Lincoln 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 27 Oct. 
 
 Legh, Leghe, Robert de 
 
 Palatinate of Chester 
 
 Eyre Roll, 13; Indictment Roll, 19; Indictment Roll, 
 4; for years 26, 27, 30, 31, 32 and 33. App. C, 1. 
 Lellay, Thomas 
 
 Lib. of abbot of St. Mary of York 
 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d; 20 June. 
 
 J Leukenore, John de 
 
 Oxford 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 2 July. 
 
 J Leycester, Richard de 
 Northants. 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 25 July. (Vacat quia restitute sunt.) 
 Ligon. See Lygon. 
 
 Lilborn, Roger de 
 York, W. R. 
 
 33 pt. 1, m 27 d; 28 May. 
 
 •j* J Lodelowe, Thomas de 
 
 Lib. of archbishop of Canterbury in Kent 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 16 Sept. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 94* 
 
 $ Longevill, George 
 Northants. 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 25 July. (Vacat quia restitute sunt.) 
 Louthe, Roger de 
 
 Herts. 
 
 32 pt. 1, m 34 d; 16 May. 
 
 33 pt. 1, m 27 d; 10 Aug. 
 
 J Loveday, John 
 
 Berks. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 26 pt. 3, m 4 d; 1 Jan. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; no date. 20 Dec. Orig. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 Lovel, John 
 Middlesex 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 Lovel, Richard 
 Somerset 
 
 L. & P. Mem. L. T. R., 26, Hill., Recorda, rot. 4; 
 per Orig. an. 25. (He has died and the exchequer 
 is trying to secure his estreats.) 
 
 J Lovelaunce, Levelaunce, Thomas 
 Lindsey (Line.) 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 27 pt. 2, m 25 d; 26 Oct. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 8 May; ibid., 3 July. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 Lovell, Thomas 
 
 Lib. of abbot of St. Mary of York 
 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d; 20 June. 
 
 Lovet, John 
 
 Kesteven (Line.) 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 Lowet, Thomas 
 Cambridge 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
DOCUMENTS , LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 95 * 
 
 Loxleye, Henry de 
 Surrey 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 13 d; 27 Nov. (assoc.). 
 
 % Lucy, Geoffrey de 
 Bedford 
 
 27 pt. 2, m 25 d; 22 Nov. 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 20 Jan. 
 
 Bucks. 
 
 26 pt. 3, m 7 d; 17 Dec. 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 2 July. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; no date. 20 Dec. Orig. 
 
 Lucy, Thomas (de) 
 
 Cumberland 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 Holland (Line.) 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 $ Luffenham, Robert de 
 Rutland 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 Luscote, William de 
 Devon 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 (When he is made steward of various lord- 
 ships, his place, and that of T. de Crouthorn for 
 other reasons, are taken by R. de Chiselden and 
 W. de Braunkescombe; 33 pt. 1, m 27 d; 9 Feb.) 
 
 Lutteleton, Thomas de 
 Worcester 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 1 July. 
 
 Lye, Lyee, Richard de 
 Gloucester 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 3 Feb. (29 th year; assoc.). 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. (At his death his place is 
 taken by J. Serjant; ibid., 12 Feb.) 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 96 * 
 
 | Lygon, Ligon, Lygoun, John 
 Essex 
 
 27 pt. 2, m 25 d; 3 Aug. (Vacat quia aliter inferius.) 
 
 27 pt. 2, m 25 d; 8 Nov. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 2 July. 
 
 31 pt. i, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 $ Lyouns, John de 
 Northants. 
 
 27 pt. 2, m 25 d; 26 Nov. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 26 April. 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 26 Nov. 
 
 29 pt. 1, rii 28 d; 26 April. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 1 Aug.; ibid., 20 Dec. 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 26 March. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 32 pt. 1, m 34 d; 28 Nov. 
 
 J Lysens, John 
 Notts. 
 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d; 26 Jan. 
 
 Lyverpull, William de 
 
 Palatinate of Lancaster 
 
 Duchy of Lane., Chanc. Rolls, ii, no. 24 d; 10 Oct., 
 7 duke Henry. 
 
 | Malyns, Edmund de 
 Oxford 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 26 pt. 3, m 4 d; 1 Jan. 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 2 July. 
 
 Makenad, William 
 Kent 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; no date. 20 Dec. Orig. 
 
 Malesors, Thomas 
 Leicester 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 32 pt. 1, m 34 d; 16 Feb. 
 
 Manny. See Mauny. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 97 * 
 
 Mare, Geoffrey de la 
 
 Holland and Kesteven (Line.) 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 Rutland 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 J Mareschal, Marchal, Marescall, John (le), (of Wotton) 
 Bedford 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 27 pt. 2, m 25 d; 22 Nov. 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 20 Jan. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 20 Oct. (repeated: no date. 
 20 Dec. Orig.). 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 Martel, Hugh, of Chilwell 
 Notts. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March, 
 t Martyn, Robert 
 Dorset 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 20 Jan. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 20 Dec. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 Mauny, Walter de 
 Herts. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 Northants. 
 
 (Referred to) L. & P., Orig. 24 m. 33, 12 June. 
 Maynwaryng, Maynwaring, William de 
 Palatinate of Chester 
 
 Indictment Roll, 19; for years 27, 30 and 31. App. 
 C, 1. 
 
 Meaux, John de 
 
 Wap. of Bucrose, Derwent, Dickering and Ouse, E. R. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 2 July. 
 
 Meaux, Meux, Thomas de 
 
 Holland and Kesteven (Line.) 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
98* 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 Kesteven (Line.) 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 13 d; 1 May (assoc.). 
 
 27 pt. 1, m 24 d; 4 May. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 8 May. 
 
 Mel burn, Henry de 
 
 Lib. of St. Peter of York 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 8 Nov. 
 
 Menevill, John de 
 
 Palatinate of Durham; wards of Chester, Darlington, 
 Stockton and Easington, and wapentake of Sad- 
 berg. 
 
 Cursitors’ Records, 30, rot. 1, Hatfield, m 5 d, no. 6; 
 15 June, 5 th year. 
 
 J Menill, Menyl, Hugh de 
 Derby 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 12 July. 
 
 -j* J Mere, Meers, Meres, Roger de, (of Kirketon) 
 
 Holland (Line.) 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 27 pt. 2, m 25 d; 20 Jan. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 8 May; ibid., 2 July. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 20 Dec. 
 
 33 pt. 1, m 27 d; 18 Feb. 
 
 (assoc, with T. de la Launde in place 
 of W. de Surflet.) 
 
 Boston 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 16 Oct. 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 15 March. 
 
 Merke, Ralph atte 
 
 Manors, etc., of St. Paul’s church in Essex, Herts., and 
 Midd. 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 11 Sept. 
 
 Merkford, Robert de 
 Town of Leicester 
 
 30 pt. 3, m 17 d; 16 Nov. 
 
DOCUMENTS , LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 99 * 
 
 J Meryngton, John de 
 
 Warwick, except Coventry 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 1 Aug. 
 
 Warwick 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 20 Dec. 
 
 30 pt. 3, m 17 d; 8 Nov. 
 
 Coventry 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 28 Feb.; ibid., 28 June. 
 
 Meryngton, Merynton, William de 
 City of York 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 3, m 19 d; 3 Nov. 
 
 Lib. of Ripon of archbishop of York 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 28 April. 
 
 Lib. of St. Peter of York 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 8 Nov. 
 
 Lib. of Hospital of St. Leonard of York 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 20 July. 
 
 $ Metham, Thomas de 
 
 Wap. of Herthill and Hovedenshire, York, E. R. 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 12 Oct. (assoc.). 
 
 J Michel, Nicholas 
 Coventry 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 28 Feb.; ibid., 28 June. 
 
 { Michel, Michiel, Roger (de), (of Breideston) 
 
 Derby 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 30 pt. 3, m 17 d; 11 Dec. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 (Having been made sheriff of Derby, 
 his place is taken by H. de Beek. Ibid., 
 16 Dec.) 
 
 (Referred to) 33 pt. 1, m 27 d, 12 July, in assoc, of 
 W. de Steynton. 
 
 Middelham, Robert de 
 
 Lib. of abbot of St. Mary of York 
 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d; 20 June. 
 
100 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 * 
 
 $ Middelneye, Middelnye, Ralph de 
 Somerset 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 8 May. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 20 Dec. 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 20 Oct. 
 
 J Middelton, John de 
 
 York, E. R. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 Middelton, William de, clerk 
 
 Dorset 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 28 July (assoc.). 
 
 33 pt. 1, m 27 d; 12 Aug. (assoc.). 
 
 Mikelfeld, Hamo de 
 Suffolk 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 16 Feb. (30 th year; assoc.). 
 (Repeated) 30 pt. 1, m 19 d. 
 
 J Mirfeld, William de 
 York, W. R. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March (repeated: 20 
 May). 
 
 27 pt. 1, m 24 d; 3 July. 
 
 Molyns, John de 
 Bedford 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 Bucks. 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. (repeated). 
 Montfort, Monte Forti, Peter de 
 Warwick 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 9 d; 20 April. 
 
 Except Coventry 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 1 Aug. 
 
 Warwick 
 
 Ibid., 20 Dec. 
 
 $ Monyton, Hugh de 
 Hereford 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 2 Oct.; ibid., 20 Dec. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
DOCUMENTS , LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 IOI 
 
 * 
 
 Mordon, William de, sheriff 
 
 Palatinate of Durham; wards of Chester, Darlington, 
 Stockton and Easington, and wapentake of Sad- 
 berg. 
 
 Cursitors’ Records, 30, rot. 1, Hatfield, m 5 d, no. 6; 
 15 June, 5 th year. 
 
 Morice, Moryce, John 
 Bedford 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 J Morieux, Thomas 
 Suffolk 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 13 Oct. (with M. de Bures in place 
 of A. de Bures). 
 
 | Moritz, Stephen, the younger 
 
 Lib. of Queen Isabel in towns of Cambridge and Ches¬ 
 terton 
 
 30 pt. 3, m 17 d; 10 July. 
 
 Moritz, Moricz, Thomas 
 
 Essex 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 2 July. 
 
 London 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 1 Aug. 
 
 J Morle, Robert de 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 26 June. 
 
 Mortimer. See Mortuo Mari and Mortymer. 
 
 Mortuo Mari, Constantine de, le fitz 
 Cambridge 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 Mortymer, Roger de 
 Shropshire 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 Moryn, John de 
 
 Wap. of Cleveland and Pickering, N. R. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 2 July. 
 
102 * 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 •j- | Motelowe, Henry, de 
 Shrewsbury 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 18 Sept, 
 f J Moubray, John (de) 
 
 Derby 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 Leicester 
 
 ditto 
 
 Holland (Line.) 
 ditto 
 
 Lindsey (Line.) 
 ditto 
 
 Northants. 
 
 ditto 
 
 Notts. 
 
 Ibid., m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 Rutland 
 
 Ibid., m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 Warwick 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 9 d; 20 April. 
 
 York, N. R. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 20 Dec. 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 12 July. 
 
 Wap. of Allerton, Birdforth and Richmond, N. R. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 2 July. 
 
 Wap. of Bulmer and Rydale, N. R. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 2 July. 
 
 Wap. of Cleveland and Pickering, N. R. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 2 July. 
 
 Wap. of Herthill and Hovedenshire, E. R. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 2 July. 
 
 Wap. of Bucrose, Derwent, Dickering and Ouse, E. R. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 2 July. 
 
 County of Richmond 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 10 Feb. 
 
DOCUMENTS , LISTS AND TABLES 103 * 
 
 Lib. of Holderness 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 2 July. 
 
 Lib. of St. Peter of York 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 8 Nov. 
 
 Lib. of Hospital of St. Leonard of York 
 30 pt. 1, m 1; d; 20 July. 
 
 City of Lincoln 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 19 d; 27 March. 
 
 Scarborough 
 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d; 4 July. 
 
 30 pt. 3, m 17 d; 30 Oct. 
 
 City of York 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 3, m 19 d; 3 Nov. 
 
 Stamford 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 Mounceaux, Martin 
 Bucks. 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 Mountkoy, Mouncoy, Munkoye, Roger 
 Essex 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 19 d; 14 Feb. (assoc.). 
 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d; 10 July (30 th year, in place of J. 
 
 de Staunton, who has died). 
 
 32 pt. 1, m 34 d; 10 July (assoc.). 
 
 J Munden, John (de) 
 
 Dorset 
 
 (Referred to) L. & P. 24 Edw. Ill; Mem. L. T. R., 
 31, Hill., Recorda, rot. 9. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 20 Jan. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 20 Dec. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 33 pt. 1, m 27 d; 18 May. 
 
 Middlesex 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 (His place, and that of R. atte Watre, are 
 taken by J. de Tamworth and W. de Colbrok; 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 12 April.) 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 104 * 
 
 J Mu sard, John 
 Worcester 
 
 27 pt. 1, m 24 d; 12 Feb. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 18 May; ibid., 1 July. 
 
 | Musgrave, Thomas de 
 
 Westmoreland 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March: 
 
 27 pt. 2, m 25 d; 26 Oct. 
 
 Nessefeld, John de 
 Boston 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 15 March. 
 
 Nessefeld, Thomas de 
 
 Wap. of Claro, Ewcross, Skyrack and Staincliffe, W. R. 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 10 Feb. 
 
 Nessefeld, William de 
 
 Lib. of Knaresborough of Queen Philippa 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 26 July. 
 
 | Neudegate, William 
 
 Surrey 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 Neuport, John de 
 
 Essex 
 
 33 pt. 1, m 27 d; 6 March. 
 
 Nevil, Alexander de 
 
 Wap. of Bulmer and Rydale, N. R. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 2 July. 
 
 Nevill, Philip de 
 Lindsey (Line.) 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 Nevill, Ralph de 
 York, N. R. 
 
 (Referred to) L. & P. Claus., 26, m 25 d; 10 March. 
 J Nevill, William de 
 Grimsby 
 
 27 pt. 2, m 25 d; 15 Jan. 
 
 Newcastle. See Novo Castro. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 *05 
 
 Newmarche. See Novo Mercato. 
 
 Newmarket. See Novo Mercato. 
 
 Northburgh, Hugh de 
 Northants. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 t Northland, John de 
 York, W. R. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 20 May. 
 
 27 pt. 1, m 24 d; 3 July. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 32 pt. 1, m 34 d; 18 June. 
 
 Northo, William de 
 
 Sussex 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 20 June. 
 
 Northtoft, Northtuft, Nortoft, Nortot, Edmund de 
 Essex 
 
 Assize Roll, 267; for 24 Edw. Ill; app. D, 1. 
 t Norton, Vincent de 
 Norfolk 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 26 June. 
 
 Norwich, Norwiche, John de 
 Norfolk 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March, 
 f J Notton, William de 
 Essex 
 
 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 L. & P. 
 Herts. 
 
 L. & P. 
 
 Kent 
 
 L. & P. 
 Surrey 
 ditto 
 Sussex 
 ditto 
 
 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d; 21 March. 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 30 Nov. 
 
 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
io6 * 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 York, W. R. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 20 May. 
 
 27 pt. 1, m 24 d; 3 July. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 20 Dec. 
 
 Wap. of Ainsty, Barkston and Claro, W. R. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 2 July- 
 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d; 15 May. 
 
 Beverley 
 
 27 pt. 2, in 25 d; 25 Aug. 
 
 4 Novo Castro, Richard de, (of Scarborough) 
 
 Scarborough 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 21 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 3 Oct. 
 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d; 14 Feb. 
 
 30 pt. 3, m 17 d; 30 Oct. 
 
 J Novo Mercato, Newemarche, Thomas de 
 Notts. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. (Repeated. When he is 
 appointed collector of the subsidy, his place is taken 
 by J. Bozon. Ibid., 10 Nov.) 
 
 Nuthirst, Walter 
 
 Lib. of King’s Chapel of Windsor 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 8 June. 
 
 Oldecastel, Oldcastell, Oldcastle, John de (del) 
 
 Hereford 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 2 Oct.; ibid., 20 Dec. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 t Oldestowe, Aldestowe, John de 
 
 Cornwall 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 9 d; 15 July. 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 16 Dec. 
 
 Orreby, John de 
 Cumberland 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 Lindsey (Line.) 
 ditto 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 Otewy, Alexander 
 Herts. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 Oughtred. See Ughtred. 
 
 Ousseflele. See Usflet. 
 
 Overbury, William de 
 Gloucester 
 
 32 pt. 1, m 34 d; 26 Feb. (assoc.). 
 
 Overton, William de 
 Southampton 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. i, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 j Pakeman, Pageman, Simon 
 Leicester 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 (“Et licet postmodum certis de causis nos tunc 
 mouentibus vos ac prefatum Iohannem de Foluill 
 . . . duxerimus amouendos. Quia tamen dili- 
 gentia et fidelitas vestre in execucione nego- 
 ciorum nostrornm per vos exequende per certos 
 fideles nos'.ros quibus fi:lem adhibemus, testificate 
 existunt . . . ,” he is restored; Claus. 26 m. 29; 
 6 Feb.) 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 18 Feb.; ibid., 2 July. 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 20 Oct. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 1 Aug. 
 
 Papeworth, John de 
 Hunts. 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 Paries, Walter 
 Northants. 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 26 Nov. 
 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d; 26 April. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 1 Aug. 
 
 Parys, Randolf de 
 
 Holland and Kestcven (Line.) 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
io8 * 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 Pavely, John 
 Wilts. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 Payn, Walter 
 Leicester 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 | Pentelowe, Thomas de 
 Berks. 
 
 26 pt. 3, m 4 d; 1 Jan. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; no date. 20 Dec. Orig. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 33 pt. 1, m 27 d; 4 Aug. 
 
 ! Percy, Henry de 
 N or thumberlan d 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 Petygard, Roger 
 Norfolk 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 Peverel, Andrew 
 Sussex 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 12 March. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 J Peyto, John de 
 Warwick 
 
 . 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 18 May. 
 
 Piperel, Roger 
 Devon 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 J Playce, Plays, William 
 York, E. R. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 20 Dec. 
 
 Wap. of Bucrose, Derwent, Dickering and Ouse, E. R. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 2 July. 
 
 J Plumpton, William de 
 
 York, W. R. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 20 Dec. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 109 * 
 
 Wap. of Ainsty, Barkston and Claro, W. R. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 2 July. 
 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d; 15 May. 
 
 Wap. of Claro, Ewcross, Skyrack and StainclifFe, W. R. 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 10 Feb. 
 
 J Pole, Henry de la (atte) 
 
 Derby 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 13 d; 20 July (assoc.). 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 2 July. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 20 Dec. 
 
 30 pt. 3, m 17 d; 11 Dec. 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 8 Aug. (in place of T. 
 Adam). 
 
 Pole, Richard de la 
 Gloucester 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 Hereford 
 
 ditto 
 
 Leicester 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 Shropshire 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 9 d; 15 May. 
 
 Stafford 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 Worcester 
 
 ditto 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 9 d; 20 April; ibid., 2 July, 
 f t Pole, William de la 
 
 " Norfolk ; 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 26 June. 
 
 Polglas, Polglase, William (de) 
 
 Cornwall 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 10 Dec.; ibid., 20 Dec. 
 
 32 pt. 1, m 34 d; 20 Feb. 
 
110 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 * 
 
 % Ponynges, Michael cle 
 Sussex 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 28 pt. i, m 22 d; 20 June. 
 
 Porter, William, of Stebbyng 
 
 Manors of Henry, duke of Lancaster, in Kent, Essex, 
 Sussex and Midd. 
 
 30 pt. 3, m 22 d; 28 Oct. 
 
 Pothowe, John de 
 
 Lib. of abbot of St. Mary of York 
 
 30 pt. 3, m 17 d; 20 Nov. (assoc.). 
 
 t Power, John 
 Notts. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 2 July. 
 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d; 26 Jan. 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 3 June (assoc.). 
 
 Poynton, Walter de 
 City of Lincoln 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 19 d; 27 March. 
 
 Lib. of St. Mary’s church of Lincoln 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 27 Oct. 
 
 Prestcote, Robert de 
 
 Palatinate of Lancaster 
 
 Duchy of Lane., Chanc. Rolls, ii, no. 10; 1 Aug., 5 
 duke Henry. 
 
 Ibid., ii, no. 24 d; 10 Oct., 7 duke Henry. 
 
 Ibid., ii, 38 d; 26 April, 9 duke Henry. 
 
 Priterwell, John de 
 Essex 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 8 d; 6 May (assoc.). 
 
 Proctour, Thomas 
 
 Lib. of abbot of St. Mary of York 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d; 20 June. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 III 
 
 * 
 
 J Pudsay, Pudesey, John de, (of Craven) 
 
 York, W. R. 
 
 32 pt. 1, m 34 d; 18 June. 
 
 32 pt. 1, m 34 d; 12 Nov. (assoc.). 
 
 Wap. of Claro, Ewcross, Skyrack and Staincliffe, W. R. 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 10 Feb. 
 
 Pukrych, John de 
 Herts. 
 
 30 pt. 3, m 17 d; 8 Nov. (assoc.). 
 
 4 Pund, Adam (de) 
 
 Kingston-on-Hull 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 Feb. 
 
 27 pt. 1, m 24 d; 12 Feb. 
 
 $ Purefey, Philip 
 Leicester 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 2 July. 
 
 Puttenham, Roger de 
 Bucks. 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 Pykworth, Thomas de 
 York, W. R. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 Radeclif, Richard de 
 
 Palatinate of Lancaster 
 
 Duchy of Lane., Chanc. Rolls, ii, no. 10; I Aug., 5 
 duke Henry. 
 
 Ibid., ii, no. 24 d; 10 Oct., 7 duke Henry. 
 
 Ibid., ii, no. 38 d; 26 April, 9 duke Henry. 
 
 Radeclif, William de 
 
 Palatinate of Lancaster 
 
 Duchy of Lane., Chanc. Rolls, ii, no. 10; 1 Aug., 5 
 duke Henry. 
 
 Radeswell, James de 
 Herts. 
 
 (Referred to) Lay Subs., 120/32; from Mich. 25 
 Edw. Ill to Mich. 26 Edw. III. 
 
112 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 * 
 
 J Repyngale, Repynghale, John de 
 Kesteven (Line.) 
 
 27 pt. 1, m 24 d; 4 May. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 8 May. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 20 Dec. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 Newark 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 27 May. 
 
 Restwold, Ralph de 
 
 Berks. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; no date. 20 Dec. Orig. 
 
 Reynes, Thomas de 
 
 Bucks. 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 J Richemond, Richemound, Rychemond, Rychemound, Ryche- 
 mund, Peter de 
 York, N. R. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 12 July. 
 
 Wap. of Allerton, Birdforth and Richmond, N. R. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 2 July. 
 
 Wap. of Bulmer and Rydale, N. R. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 2 July. 
 
 Wap. of Herthill and Hovedenshire, E. R. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 2 July. 
 
 Wap. of Bucrose, Derwent, Dickering and Ouse, E. R. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 2 July. 
 
 Wap. of Cleveland and Pickering, N. R. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 2 July. 
 
 County of Richmond 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 10 Feb. 
 
 Lib. of Holderness 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 2 July. 
 
 Lib. of Ripon of archbishop of York 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 28 April. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 J Richemond, Richemound, Richemund, Richard (de) 
 York, N. R. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb.; ibid., 26 Nov. 
 
 33 pt. 1, m 27 d; 12 Sept. 
 
 Lib. of abbot of St. Mary of York 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d; 20 June. 
 
 Risshebrok, William de 
 Suffolk 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 20 Nov. (assoc.). 
 
 $ Roches, John de 
 
 Wilts. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 13 d; 28 May (assoc.) 
 
 27 pt. 1, m 24 d; 27 May. 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 2 July. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; no date. 20 Dec. 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 Somerset 
 
 Claus. 32 m, 6; 12 Nov. (writ for wages). 
 
 J Rodeneye, Walter de 
 Somerset 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 20 Dec. 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 20 Oct. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 32 pt. 1, m 34 d; 26 Jan. 
 
 Roderham, Roderam, William de 
 Kent 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 26 Sept. 
 
 31 pt. 1, 111 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 Surrey 
 
 Claus. 30 m. 13; 8 June (writ for wages). 
 Rokele, John de la 
 Essex 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 20 Oct. (assoc.). 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 19 d; 15 Feb. (assoc.). 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 114 * 
 
 J Rokele, Robert de la 
 Essex 
 
 27 pt. 1, m 24 d; 3 June. 
 
 27 pt. 2, m 25 d; 8 Nov. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 2 July. 
 
 J Rokesdon, John de 
 
 Bedford 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 20 Jan. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 20 Oct. (repeated: no date. 20 Dec. 
 Orig.). 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 Roos, Thomas de 
 
 Holland and Kesteven (Line.) 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 Kesteven (Line.) 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 Roston, Henry de 
 Scarborough 
 
 30 pt. 3, m 17 d; 30 Oct. 
 
 J Rouclif, Rouclyf, Robert (Richard) de 
 Wap. of Bulmer and Rydale, N. R. 
 
 28 pt. i, m 22 d; 2 July. 
 
 Wap. of Cleveland and Pickering, N. R. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 2 July. 
 
 Scarborough 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 3 Oct. 
 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d; 14 Feb. 
 
 Rougham, Richard de 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 Mem. L. T. R., 35, Pasch., Recorda, rot. 10 d; re¬ 
 ferred to for 33 Edw. III. 
 
 Roulegli, Roulee, John de 
 Surrey 
 
 County Placita, no. 8; for 24 th year. App. C, 2. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 (“Quibusdam certis de causis coram consilio nostro 
 propositis .... duximus amouendum . . ”; Claus. 
 25 m. 15, 15 Sept. P. atte Wode also removed.) 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 115* 
 
 Ry, Nicholas de 
 
 Holland and Kesteven (Line.) 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 Rybred, John, of Spaldyng, (Spaldyng, John) 
 
 Holland and Kesteven (Line.) 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 Holland (Line.) 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 13 d; 20 June (assoc.). 
 
 27 pt. 2, m 25 d; 20 Jan. 
 
 Ryngeburne, William de 
 
 Isle of Wight 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 Rys, William de 
 
 York, E. R. 
 
 32 pt. 1, m 34 d; 20 Nov. 
 
 Ryvere, John de la, of Hey worth 
 
 Wilts. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 Sadelyngstanes, Sadelingstanes, Hugh de 
 City of York 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 3, m 19 d; 3 Nov. 
 
 N ewcastle-on-Tyne 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 28 d; 8 Feb. 
 f J Sadyngton, Robert de 
 Leicester 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 2 July. 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 20 Oct. 
 
 { Salford, Peter de 
 Bedford 
 
 27 pt. 2, m 25 d; 22 Nov. 
 
 Salkeld, John de 
 
 Cumberland 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 Salvayn, Gerard 
 
 Wap. of Herthill and Hovedenshire, E. R. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 2 July. 
 
116 * 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 J Sancto Botulpho, William de 
 Kesteven (Line.) 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 30 May (assoc.). 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 Sandford, Thomas de 
 Westmoreland 
 
 27 pt. 2, m 25 d; 26 Oct. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 20 Dec.; ibid., 17 Jan. 
 
 Sandford, William de 
 York, W. R. 
 
 30 pt. 3, m 17 d; 26 Oct. (assoc.). 
 
 Saumon, Richard, mayor 
 
 Town of Nottingham 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 25 May. 
 
 J Savage, Arnald 
 Kent 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 26 Sept, (repeated). 
 
 Scalby, Thomas de 
 
 Scarborough 
 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d; 14 Feb. 
 
 Scorby, Henry de, mayor 
 
 City of York 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 3, m 19 d; 3 Nov. 
 
 Scrop, Henry de 
 York, N. R. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 Scrop, Richard de 
 
 Wap. of Allerton, Birdforth and Richmond, N. R. 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 2 July. 
 
 Scrop, William de 
 
 Wap. of Allerton, Birdforth and Richmond, N. R. 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 2 July. 
 
 $ Selby, Robert de 
 Kingston-on-Hull 
 
 27 pt. 1, m 24 d; 12 Feb. 
 
DOCUMENTS , LISTS AND TABLES n y* 
 
 Semcre, Adam, of Scarborough 
 Scarborough 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 21 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 J Sergeant, John, (the younger) 
 
 Gloucester 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 32 pt. 1, m 34 d; 12 Feb. (in place of Rich¬ 
 ard de Lye). 
 
 Sergeant, Robert 
 
 Kingston-on-Hull 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 Feb. 
 
 J J Seton, Thomas de 
 Cumberland 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 Lancashire 
 
 24 pt. 3, m 13 d; 20 Oct. 
 
 Westmoreland 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 York, E. R. 
 ditto 
 
 York, N. R. 
 ditto 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 12 July. 
 
 York, W. R. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 Wap. of Allerton, Birdforth and Richmond, N. R. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 2 July. 
 
 Wap. of Bulmer and Rydale, N. R. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 2 July. 
 
 Wap. of Herthill and Hovedenshire, E. R. 
 
 28 pt. i,m 22 d; 2 July. 
 
 Wap. of Bucrose, Derwent, Dickering and Ouse, E. R. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 2 July. 
 
 Wap. of Cleveland and Pickering, N. R. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 2 July. 
 
Il8* APPENDIX 
 
 Lib. of Pickering and Wap. of Rydale, N. R. 
 
 30 pt. 3, m 17 d; 30 Oct. 
 
 Lib. of Holderness 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 21 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 2 July. 
 
 Beverley 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 2, m 20 d; 25 June. 
 
 27 pt. 2, m 25 d; 25 Aug. 
 Kingston-on-Hull 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 Feb. 
 Newcastle-on-Tyne 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 28 d; 8 Feb. 
 
 Scarborough 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 21 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d; 4 July. 
 
 Seymor, Nicholas de 
 Somerset 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March, 
 t Seymor, Thomas 
 Wilts. 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 2 July. 
 
 J Shakenhurst, Shakenhirst, Walter de 
 Worcester 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 9 d; 2 July. 
 
 27 pt. 1, m 24 d; 12 Feb. 
 
 27 pt. 2, m 25 d; 3 Aug. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 18 May; ibid., 1 July 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 3 Dec. 
 
 J Shareshull, Adam de 
 Oxford 
 
 27 pt. 1, m 23 d; 13 Feb. (assoc.). 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 2 July. 
 
 Gloucester 
 
 Claus. 31 m. 25; 20 April (writ for wages). 
 
DOCUMENTS , LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 f 
 
 $ 
 
 Shareshull, William de 
 Berks. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 Cornwall 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 9 d; 15 July. 
 
 Devon 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 Dorset 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 Northants. 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 8 d; 20 May (assoc.; names do 
 not accord with previous commission). 
 
 Oxford 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 Shropshire 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 9 d; 15 May. 
 
 Somerset 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 Southampton 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 Stafford 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 6 Dec. 
 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d; 16 May. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 2 Nov.; ibid., 20 Dec. 
 
 Wilts. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 27 pt. 1, m 24 d; 27 May. 
 
 Worcester 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 9 d; 2 July. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 20 Dec. 
 
 Shawe, Stephen de 
 Kesteven (Line.) 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 22 Oct. (assoc.). 
 
 $ Sheffeld, Shefeld, John de 
 York, W. R. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 27 pt. 1, m 24 d; 3 July. 
 
120 * APPENDIX 
 
 J Shilvvngton, William de 
 Stamford 
 
 27 pt. 1, m 24 d; 12 Feb. 
 
 Shirburn, John de 
 
 Wap. of Ainsty, Barkston and Claro, W. R. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 20 Jan. (in place of John de Chau 
 mont). 
 
 Shirburn, William de 
 Lancashire 
 
 24 pt. 3, m 13 d; 20 Oct. 
 
 J Skelton, Clement de 
 Carlisle 
 
 26 pt. 3, m 1 d; 1 Jan. 
 
 Skelton, Thomas 
 Cumberland 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 30 Nov. 
 
 •j* f Skipwith, Skippewith, Skippewyth, Skipwyth, William de 
 Derby 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 Leicester 
 
 ditto 
 
 Holland and Kesteven (Line.) 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 Holland (Line.) 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 2 July. 
 
 Kesteven (Line.) 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 Lindsey (Line.) 
 
 24 pt. 3, m 10 d; 12 Nov. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 27 pt. 2, m 25 d; 26 Oct. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 8 May; ibid., 3 July. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 1 Dec. 
 
 Northants. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
-.1 
 
 DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 121 
 
 Notts. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 Rutland 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 Warwick 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 9 d; 20 April. 
 
 Lib. of Ilolderness 
 
 29 pt. 1, ni 28 d; 1 March. 
 
 City of Lincoln 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 19 d; 27 March. 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 6 April. 
 
 Stamford 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 Manors, etc., of duke of Lancaster in Lincolnshire 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 8 July. 
 
 J Skirbek, John de 
 
 Cornwall 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 16 Dec. 
 
 J Skynnere, William (le) 
 
 Shrewsbury 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 28 May; ibid., 18 Sept. 
 Sloghter, Sloghtre, Thomas (de) 
 
 Gloucester 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 3 Feb. (29 th year; assoc.). 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 20 Dec. 
 
 Worcester 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 3 Feb. (29 th year; assoc.). 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 1 April. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 32 pt. 1, m 34 d; 15 Dec. 
 
 f Slyngesby, William de 
 
 York, W. R. 
 
 27 pt. 1, m 24 d; 3 July. 
 
 Somerby, Walter de 
 Kesteven (Line.) 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
122 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 Somercotes, John de 
 Lindsey (Line.) 
 
 24 pt. 3, m iod; 12 Nov. 
 
 Lib. of St. Mary’s church of Lincoln 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 27 Oct. 
 
 $ Somerford, Richard de 
 
 Stafford 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 Spaigne, William de 
 
 Boston 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 16 Oct. 
 
 Spaldyng, John. See Rybred. 
 
 % Sparry, John 
 Warwick 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 18 May. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 Spenser, William le, knight 
 
 Worcester 
 
 32 pt. 1, m 34 d; 24 July (assoc.). 
 
 Spycer, John 
 
 Exeter 
 
 30 pt. 3, m 17 d; 20 Nov. 
 
 1* Spyneye, Spynee, William 
 
 Warwick 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 20 Dec. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 Stafford, Ralph de, baron and earl of 
 
 Leicester 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 Stafford 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March; ibid., 6 Dec. 
 
 Stafford, Richard de 
 Leicester 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 Stafford 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
DOCUMENTS , LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 123 
 
 * 
 
 Staunford, Nicholas de 
 Stamford 
 
 27 pt. 1, m 24 d; 12 Feb. 
 
 J Staunton, Geoffrey de 
 Notts. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 2 July. 
 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d; 26 Jan. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 1 Aug.; ibid., 20 Dec. 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 15 April. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 Staunton, John de 
 Essex 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 2 July. 
 
 (At his death his place is taken by R. Mount- 
 koy, 10 July, 30 th year; 29 pt. 1, m 28 d.) 
 
 J Stayne, Stayn, William de 
 Lindsey (Line.) 
 
 24 pt. 3, m 10 d; 12 Nov. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 27 pt. 2, m 25 d; 26 Oct. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 8 May; ibid., 3 July. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 1 Dec. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 Staynton, Robert de 
 
 York, W. R. - 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 20 May. 
 
 J Steynton, William de 
 Derby 
 
 33 pt. 1, m 27 d; 12 July (assoc.), 
 f Stirkland, Thomas de 
 
 T 7 
 
 Westmoreland 
 
 27 pt. 2, m 25 d; 26 Oct. 
 
 Stodeye, John de 
 London 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 1 Aug. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 124 
 
 * 
 
 Stonleye, Stonle, Richard de 
 Warwick, except Coventry 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 1 Aug. 
 
 Warwick 
 
 30 pt. 3, m 17 d; 8 Nov. 
 f Stouford, John de 
 
 Berks. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 Cornwall 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 9 d; 15 July. 
 
 Devon 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 Dorset 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 Oxford 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 Somerset 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 Southampton 
 ditto 
 Wilts, 
 ditto 
 
 Strangman, William 
 
 Manors, etc., of St. Paul’s in Essex, Herts, and Midd. 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 11 Sept. 
 
 Strete, John atte 
 
 Manors, etc., of St. Paul’s in Essex, Herts, and Midd. 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 11 Sept. 
 
 J Stryvelyn, John de 
 
 Northumberland 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 20 Dec. (void). 
 
 J Sturmy, Henry 
 Southampton 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 2 July. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; no date. 20 Dec. Orig. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 125 * 
 
 J Sturmy, John 
 
 Lib. of Holclerness 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 2 July. 
 
 29 pt. i, m 28 d; 1 March. 
 
 t Stury, John 
 Shrewsbury 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 28 May; ibid., 18 Sept. 
 
 $ Styuecle, John de 
 
 Hunts. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 13 d; 20 July (assoc.). 
 
 27 pt. 2, m 25 d; 1 Dec. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 (At his death his place is taken by J. 
 de Harewedon; ibid., 3 Nov.) 
 
 J Styuecle, Nicholas de 
 Hunts. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 27 pt. 2, m 25 d; 1 Dec. 
 
 Styuecle, Richard de 
 Hunts. 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 Sudbury, John de 
 Essex 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 33 pt. 1, m 27 d; 6 March. 
 
 Suffolk, earl of. See Ufford. 
 
 Surflet, William de 
 Holland (Line.) 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 13 d; 20 June (assoc.). 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 12 March (assoc.). 
 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d; 7 July (30 th year; assoc.). 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 (“Certis de causis,” his place is taken 
 by R. de Meres and T. de la Laund. 
 33 pk L m 27 d; t8 Feb.) 
 
126 * APPENDIX 
 
 J Sutton, John de 
 Essex 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 27 pt. 1, m 24 d; 3 June. 
 
 27 pt. 2, m 25 d; 3 Aug. (Vacat quia aliter 
 inferius.) 
 
 J Sutton, John de, of Dudley 
 Stafford 
 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d; 16 May. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 2 Nov.; ibid., 20 Dec. 
 
 Sutton, John de, of Holderness 
 
 Lib. of Holderness 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 21 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 (His place is taken by R. de Hilton; 26 pt. 1, 
 m 8 d; 20 May.) 
 
 Sutton, Lawrence de 
 
 Manors, etc., of St. Paul’s in Essex, Herts, and Midd. 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 11 Sept. 
 
 J Swynfen, John 
 
 Town of Huntingdon 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 20 Jan. 
 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d; 20 June. 
 
 Swynford, Thomas de 
 
 Bedford 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 Holland and Kesteven (Line.) 
 ditto 
 
 Swynnerton, John de, (of Hulton) 
 
 Leicester 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 Stafford 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 Swynnerton, Thomas de 
 Leicester 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 Stafford 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 127 * 
 
 % Symeon, Simon 
 Holland (Line.) 
 
 27 pt. 2, m 25 d; 20 Jan. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 8 May; ibid., 2 July. 
 
 Lindsey (Line.) 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 8 May. 
 
 Syngleton, Robert de 
 
 Palatinate of Lancaster 
 
 Duchy of Lane., Chanc. Rolls, ii, no. 10; 1 Aug., 5 
 duke Henry. 
 
 Ibid., ii, no. 19 d; 3 May, 6 duke Henry (assoc.). 
 Ibid., ii, no. 24 d; 10 Oct., 7 duke Henry. 
 
 Taillour, Henry, of Hedon 
 Lib. of Holderness 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 8 d; 20 April (27 th year; assoc.). 
 Talbot, Richard, of Goderiche Castell 
 Gloucester 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 Hereford 
 
 ditto 
 
 t Tamworth, John de 
 Middlesex 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 12 April (assoc.). 
 
 Surrey 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 20 June. 
 
 J Teye, Robert de 
 Essex 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 27 pt. 1, m 24 d; 3 June. 
 
 27 pt. 2, m 25 d; 3 Aug. (Vacat quia ali- 
 ter inferius.) 
 
 27 pt. 2, m 25 d; 8 Nov. 
 
 28 pt. I, m 22 d; 2 July. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 28 Aug. 
 
 Thoresby, Richard de 
 
 Lib. of abbot of Peterborough 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 20 June. 
 
128 * 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 $ Thornes, Robert del 
 Shrewsbury 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 28 May. 
 
 -|- Thorpe, Thorp, Robert de 
 Bedford 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 Bucks. 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. (repeated). 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 Cambridge 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 Hunts. 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 Suffolk 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 f Thorpe, William de 
 Leicester 
 
 (Referred to) L. & P. Orig. 24 m. 33; 12 June. 
 
 Holland and Kesteven (Line.) 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 t Threlkeld, William de 
 * ' 
 
 Cumberland 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 30 Nov.; ibid., 20 Dec. 
 
 Tilneye, Tylneye, John de 
 Norfolk 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 11 July (assoc.). 
 
 Except Lynn 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 30 Nov. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 129 
 
 Tochewyk, Thomas (de) 
 
 Bucks. 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 26 pt. 3, m 7 d; 17 Dec. 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 2 July. 
 
 Toft, Robert de 
 
 Holland (Line.) 
 
 33 pt. 3, m 27 d; 26 March. 
 
 Topclyf, William de 
 Middlesex 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 15 Sept, (assoc.). 
 Trenchaunt, Edward 
 
 Southampton 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 % Trewynnare, Trewynard, Henry (de) 
 
 Cornwall 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 9 d; 15 July. 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 16 Dec. 
 
 Tristrem, Richard 
 Shropshire 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 Trussebut, William 
 
 Notts. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 J Tughale, Tugal, Robert de 
 Northumberland 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 20 Dec. (void). 
 4 Turbervill, Richard (de) 
 
 Dorset 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 20 Jan. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 20 Dec. 
 
 Twyer, Robert de 
 York, E. R. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 130 * 
 
 $ Tybey, Robert 
 Carlisle 
 
 26 pt. 3, m 1 cl; 1 Jan. 
 
 Tyndale, William de 
 
 Northants. 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 26 Nov. 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 26 March. 
 
 { Tyrel, Tirel, Tyrell, Thomas 
 
 Essex 
 
 27 pt. 1, m 24 d; 3 June. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 2 July. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 28 Aug.; ibid., 20 Dec. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 33 pt. 1, m 27 d; 6 March. 
 
 Tyrel, Thomas, the elder 
 Essex 
 
 27 pt. 2, m 25 d; 8 Nov. 
 
 (“Quibusdam certis de causis,” his place is taken 
 by J. de Goldyngham and B. de Ditton. 27 pt. 
 2, m 25 d; 22 Jan.) 
 
 Ufford, John de 
 Norfolk 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 Ufford, Robert de, earl of Suffolk 
 Norfolk 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 Suffolk 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 J Ughtred, Oughtred, Thomas (de) 
 
 York, E. R. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 York, N. R. 
 ditto 
 
 (“Certis de causis coram consilio,” he is ap¬ 
 pointed to do other business of the king; 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 131 * 
 
 therefore he is no longer to act on either of 
 the two above commissions. Claus. 26 m. 25 
 d; 10 March.) 
 
 Scarborough 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 3 Oct. 
 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d; 14 Feb. 
 
 30 pt. 3, m 17 d; 30 Oct. 
 
 Umframvill, Gilbert de, earl of Angus 
 
 Holland and Kesteven (Line.) 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 Holland (Line.) 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 Lindsey (Line.) 
 
 (Referred to) L. & P. for 24 Edw. Ill, Assize Roll, 
 524, Lincoln; app., C, 2. 
 
 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 J Upsale, John 
 York, N. R. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 Kingston-on-Hull 
 
 27 pt. 1, m 24 d; 12 Feb. 
 
 Usflet, Ousseflete, Usfeld, Usflete, Illard de 
 
 York, E. R. 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 8 d; 6 May (in place of J. de 
 Bentele.) 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 20 Dec. 
 
 Wap. of Herthill and Hovedenshire, E. R. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 2 July. 
 
 Hospital of St. Leonard of York 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 20 July. 
 
 Lib. of Holderness 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 21 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 Prince of Wales’ manor of Kirton in Lindsey (Line.) 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 20 May. 
 
 30 pt. 3, m 17 d; 15 Nov. 
 
 Vache, Richard de la 
 Bucks. 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 2 July. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 I 3 2 
 
 J Vavasour, John le 
 York, W. R. 
 
 27 pt. 1, m 24 d; 3 July. 
 
 Vepount, Robert de 
 Cumberland 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 30 Nov.; ibid., 20 Dec. 
 
 J Verdon, Verdoun, John de 
 Northants. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 25 July. (Vacat quia 
 restitute sunt.) 
 
 J Virly, Roger (Virby in the first two instances, perhaps by a 
 clerical error) 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 27 pt. 2, m 25 d; 22 Nov. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 26 June. 
 
 Except Lynn 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 30 Nov.; ibid., 20 Dec. 
 
 J Vykers, John atte 
 
 Retford-in-the-Clay 
 
 27 pt. 1, m 24 d; 20 June. 
 
 Vyneter, John 
 Northants. 
 
 L. & P. 
 
 Vyneter, Robert 
 Kent 
 
 L. & P. 
 
 J Wade, William 
 Rutland 
 L. & P. 
 
 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 2 July. 
 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d; 12 July. 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 20 Dec. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 133 * 
 
 J Wakebrigge, Wakebrigg, Wakebrugg, Wakebrugge, William de 
 Derby 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 13 d; 20 July (assoc.). 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 2 July. 
 
 Notts. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 2 July. 
 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d; 26 Jan. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 20 Dec. 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 15 April. 
 Retford-in-the-Clay 
 
 27 pt. 1, m 24 d; 20 June. 
 
 Walden, Andrew de 
 Essex 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 8 d; 6 May (assoc.). 
 
 Waleys, John 
 Leicester 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 13 d; 27 Oct. (assoc.). 
 
 Walton, Adam de 
 Northumberland 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 J Walton, Hugh de 
 Norfolk 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 26 June. 
 
 Wandesford, Wandisford, John de 
 York, E. R. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 Wap. of Bucrose, Derwent, Dickering and Ouse, E. R. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 2 July. 
 
 Ward, Simon, knight 
 
 York, W. R. 
 
 32 pt. 1, m 34 d; 18 June. 
 
 | Warde, Simon 
 
 Northants. 
 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d; 26 April. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 1 Oct. (assoc.) ; ibid., 20 Dec. 
 
 32 pt. 1, m 34 d; 28 Nov. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 134* 
 
 % Warde, William 
 Cambridge 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 27 pt. 2, m 25 d; 3 Nov. 
 
 Warthecoppe, Wardecopp, Warthecop, William de 
 Westmoreland 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 20 Dec.; ibid., 17 Jan. 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 Warwick, earl of. See Beauchaump. 
 
 | Waryn, William 
 
 Town of Leicester 
 
 30 pt. 3, m 17 d; 16 Nov. 
 
 Wascelyn, Wacelyn, William 
 Lindsey (Line.) 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 13 d; 26 May (assoc.). 
 
 Prince of Wales’ manor of Kirton in Lindsey (Line.) 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 20 May. 
 
 30 pt. 3, m 17 d; 15 Nov. 
 
 Wassingle, Wassyngle, John de 
 Hunts. 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 J Watere, Robert atte 
 Herts. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 Middlesex 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 (His place and that of J. de Munden are taken 
 by J. de Tamworth and W. de Colbrok; 28 pt. 
 1, m. 22 d; 12 April.) 
 
 Surrey 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 Wanton, Adam de 
 
 N ewcastle-on-Tyne 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 28 d; 8 Feb. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 135 * 
 
 % Wavere, William 
 Kent 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; no date. 20 Dec. Orig. 
 
 Cinque Ports 
 
 32 pt. 1, m 34 d; 20 Oct. 
 
 Wealde, Richard atte 
 
 Lib. of archbishop of Canterbury in Kent 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 16 Sept. 
 
 Welles, Thomas 
 
 Lib. of bishop of Ely 
 
 32 pt. 1, m 34 d; 14 July. 
 
 Welton, John de 
 Cambridge 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 Wentbrigg, John de 
 
 Manors and towns of Cheshunt and Bassingbourn of the 
 earl of Richmond. 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 20 March. 
 
 $ Wentelond, Wentlond, William 
 Town of Huntingdon 
 
 28 pt. 2, m 13 d; 20 Jan. 
 
 29 pt. 1, m 28 d; 20 June. 
 
 Wessyngton, William de 
 
 Palatinate of Durham; wards of Chester, Darlington, Eas- 
 ington and Stockton, and wap. of Sadberg. 
 Cursitors’ Records, 30, rot. 1, Hatfield, m. 5 d, no. 6; 
 15 June, 5 th year. 
 
 Westhorp, Thomas de 
 
 Lib. of Pickering and wap. of Rydale, N. R. 
 
 30 pt. 3, m 17 d; 30 Oct. 
 
 Weston, John de, the younger 
 
 Surrey 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 J Weston, Thomas de 
 
 Surrey J: ’ 
 
 Claus. 32 m. 23; 20 Jan. (writ for wages). 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 136 * 
 
 Whelere, Robert le, mayor 
 Wycombe 
 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 20 March. 
 
 J Whitwebbe, Walter 
 Coventry 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 28 Feb.; ibid., 28 June. 
 
 Whitewell, John (de) 
 
 Herts. 
 
 33 pt. 1, m 27 d; 10 Aug. 
 
 Surrey 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 Wideryngton, Roger de 
 Northumberland 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 Wilby, Robert de 
 Leicester 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 13 d; 7 July (assoc.). 
 
 J Wilton, John de 
 
 Wap. of Herthill and Hovedenshire, E. R. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 2 July. 
 
 Lib. of Holderness 
 
 L. & P. 26 pt. 1, m 21 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 2 July. 
 
 Kingston-on-Hull 
 
 27 pt. 1, m 24 d; 12 Feb. 
 
 Wilughton, Peter de 
 
 Lib. of St. Mary’s church of Lincoln 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 27 Oct. 
 
 J Wode, Peter atte 
 Surrey 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 (Removed; Claus. 25 m. 15, 15 Sept. See Rou- 
 legh.) 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 20 June. 
 
 29 pt. 2, m 8 d; 20 Dec. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 137 * 
 
 Wolf, Hugh 
 Bucks. 
 
 L. & P. 24 pt. 1, m 23 d; 20 Feb. 
 
 J Worsop, John de 
 
 Retford-in-the-Clay 
 
 27 pt. 1, m 24 d; 20 June. 
 
 Wortley, Nicholas de 
 
 York, W. R. 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 20 May. 
 f Wychyngham, William de 
 Norfolk 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 (Commission revoked; Claus. 28 m. 29, 1 Feb. 
 See J. de Berneye.) 
 
 Wydevill, Richard de 
 Northants. 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 26 April. 
 
 4 Wyk, Robert de, of Stamford 
 
 Stamford 
 
 27 pt. 1, m 24 d; 12 Feb. 
 
 Wykham, William de 
 
 Lib. of King’s Chapel of Windsor 
 30 pt. 1, m 17 d; 8 June. 
 
 { Wylughby, John de 
 Lindsey (Line.) 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 3 July. 
 
 Wylughby, Wilughby, Richard de 
 
 Essex 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 15 d; 15 March. 
 
 Herts. 
 
 ditto 
 
 Kent 
 
 ditto 
 
 Surrey 
 
 ditto 
 
 Sussex 
 
 ditto 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 138* 
 
 $ Wyngefeld, Thomas de 
 Sussex 
 
 28 pt. 1, m 22 d; 20 June. 
 
 J Wynton, John de 
 Southampton 
 
 31 pt. 1, m 20 d; 5 Feb. 
 
 Yve, John 
 
 Manors, etc., of duke of Lancaster in Kent, Essex, Sussex 
 and Midd. 
 
 30 pt. 3, m 22 d; 28 Oct. 
 
 Zouch, Roger la 
 Leicester 
 
 L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 14 d; 15 March. 
 
 Zouche, William de la, of Toteneye 
 Northants. 
 
 (Referred to) L. & P. 25 pt. 1, m 13 d; 8 Nov. (in 
 assoc, of J. de Eston). 
 
 4. List of territorial districts for which separate commissions 
 for labourers were issued during the years 1352-13 59. 
 
 This list is, of course, made up from the same sources as 
 are the two preceding lists, but in the case of the franchises it 
 aims to give the title more fully than is possible in either list 2 
 or list 3. 
 
 I. Geographical counties. 
 
 Bedford, Berkshire, Buckingham, Cambridge, Corn¬ 
 wall, Cumberland, Derby, Devon, Dorset, Essex, 
 Gloucester, Hereford, Hertford, Huntingdon, 1 Kent, 
 Leicester, Middlesex, Norfolk, 2 Northampton, North¬ 
 umberland, Nottingham, Oxford, Rutland, Shropshire, 
 Somerset, Southampton, Stafford, Suffolk, Surrey, 
 Sussex, Warwick, 3 Westmoreland, Wiltshire, Wor¬ 
 cester. 
 
 Total, 34 
 
 1 In the 29th year, the town of Huntingdon was excepted. 
 
 1 Similarly, the town of Lynn. 8 Similarly, the town of Coventry. 
 
DOCUMENTS , LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 139 
 
 * 
 
 II. Divisions of counties. 
 
 a. Lincolnshire; Holland, Kesteven, and Lindsey. 
 Yorkshire; East, North and West Ridings. 
 
 Isle of Wight. 
 
 Total, 7. 
 
 b. Groups of wapentakes and liberties. 
 
 Yorkshire. 
 
 East Riding. 
 
 Bucrose, Derwent, Dickering, and Ouse. 
 Herthill and Hovedenshire. 
 
 North Riding. 
 
 Allerton, Birdforth and Richmond. 
 
 Bulmer and Rydale. 
 
 Cleveland and Pickering. 
 
 Pickering and Rydale. 
 
 West Riding. 
 
 Ainsty, Barkston, and Claro. 
 
 Claro, Ewcross, Skyrack and Stainclifife. 
 
 Total, 8. 
 
 TIL Towns. (The t indicates those that received a commis¬ 
 sion of the peace separate from that of the county.) 
 
 t Beverley, Boston, J Carlisle, Cinque Ports, J Cov¬ 
 entry, Exeter, J Grimsby, J Huntingdon, { Kingston- 
 on-Hull, J Leicester, Lincoln, London, *| Lynn, 
 t Newark, Nottingham, Oxford, ± Retford-in-the-Clay, 
 J Scarborough, J Shrewsbury, Southwell, J Stamford, 
 Wycombe. 
 
 Total, 22. 
 
 IV. List of franchise owners and their franchises and dates of 
 commissions. (The J indicates those who appeared in the 
 exchequer to claim the penalties; cf. pt. i, ch. iii, s. 2, B; 
 the last number in each date is the regnal year.) 
 
 J Abbot of Peterborough, in Northants. 20 June/28. 
 
 % Abbot of Reading, in Berks. 12 Jan/29. 
 
 Leominster in Here¬ 
 ford. 
 
 t May/30. 
 
140 * 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 20 June/29. 
 
 16 Sept./30. 
 20 March/28. 
 28 April/30. 
 12 Oct/30. 
 
 14 July/32. 
 
 11 Sept/30. 
 
 Abbot of St. Mary of York. 
 
 4 Archbishop of Canterbury, in Kent. 
 
 Archbishop of York, Ripon. 
 
 Bishop of Durham, Howden. 
 
 Bishop of Ely, in Cambridge. 
 
 Church of St. Paul, London, in manors, hun¬ 
 dreds, towns, hamlets, lands and fees in Essex, 
 
 Herts., and Midd. 
 
 Dean and chapter of St. Mary’s church of Lin¬ 
 coln, Asgarby, Fristhorpe, Navenby and Wel- 
 ton. 27 Oct./30. 
 
 Dean and chapter of St. Peter of York. 8 N0V./28. 
 
 4 Duke of Cornwall, honours of Wallingford, St. 
 
 Valery, and Berkhampstead, and all other hun¬ 
 dreds, towns and hamlets belonging to above 
 in Bedf., Berks., Bucks., Herts., Midd., and 
 
 in Lincolnshire. 
 
 | Duke of Lancaster, all manors, hundreds, towns, 
 
 hamlets, lands and fees 
 in Lincolnshire, 
 in West Riding of York. 16 Oct./30. 
 all manors, hundreds, towns, 
 hamlets, lands and fees 
 in Essex, Kent, Midd., 
 and Sussex. 28 0 ct./ 30 . 
 
 Earl of Albemarle, Liberty of Holderness. 2july/28. 
 
 1 March/29. 
 
 $ Earl of Richmond, Liberty of Richmond. 1 10 Feb./28. 
 
 manors and towns of Ches- 
 
 hunt and Bassingbourn. 20 March/30. 
 Hospital of St. Leonard of York, in Yorkshire. 20 July/30. 
 
 J Prince of Wales, manor of Kirton in Lindsey 
 
 (Line.). 20 May/30. * 
 
 15 N0V./30. 
 
 8 July/30. 
 
 8 June/30. 
 
 ‘Often called “county.” 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 141 * 
 
 Prior of Bustlesham, at Bustlesham and else¬ 
 where in Berks. 8May/30. 
 
 % Queen Isabel, in towns of Cambridge and Ches¬ 
 terton. ioJuly/30. 
 
 J Queen Philippa, Liberty of Knaresborough. 26 July/30. 
 
 Warden and College of Kings’ free chapel of 
 
 Windsor in Berks. 8June/30. 
 
 Total, 24. 
 
 V. Counties palatine. 
 
 Chester. 
 
 Lancaster. 
 
 Total, 2. 
 
 Total of the 5 groups, 97. 
 
142 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 * 
 
 C. Local Courts under Crown-Appointed Justices. ( Cf . 
 pt. i, ch. ii.) 
 
 1. Quarter sessions records. 
 
 2. Records illustrating the supervision of the justices in 
 session. 
 
 i. Quarter sessions records. (Cf . pt. i, ch. ii, 1-6.) 
 
 INTRODUCTORY NOTE. 
 
 The commonly accepted opinion has been that, with the ex¬ 
 ception of one wages assessment for 1431, no quarter sessions 
 records of earlier date than the 16th century are in existence; 1 
 at any rate none have been discovered by the author' of the 
 latest treatise on the justice of the peace. 2 Further, there is 
 no reference to this class of records in Gross' summaries (cf. 
 app., 4), in Scargill-Bird’s Guide, or in the preface and table of 
 contents of the List of Plea Rolls of various courts preserved in 
 the Public Record Office , prepared by the latter. My suspicions 
 were, however, aroused by Palgrave’s statement, made as re¬ 
 cently as 1836, that rolls of justices of the peace and of justices 
 of labourers were included among the Treasury records. 3 With 
 the thought of a possible mis-classification in my mind, I ex¬ 
 amined the List of Plea Rolls, under the heading “Eyre Rolls, 
 Assize Rolls,” etc., and there found seven rolls for the decade 
 1349-1359 described as containing proceedings before justices 
 of labourers. Moreover, a roll for Rutland clearly noted in an 
 old list of Assize Rolls 4 as consisting of proceedings before 
 the justices of labourers, re-appears in the List of Plea Rolls, 
 listed in such a fashion that its nature cannot be inferred. 
 This incident convinced me that there were more such rolls 
 that had similarly escaped identification, and that an exam- 
 
 1 A brief account of these records has already appeared in my article 
 
 in E. H. R ., 530 - 536 . 
 
 3 See preface to Beard’s Justice of the Peace. 
 
 5 Ancient Kalendars and Inventories of the Treasury , i, introduction, 
 lii. 
 
 4 General Report on Public Records , 1837, app., 53. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 143 * 
 
 ination of all the so-called “Assize Rolls” for every county 
 for the decade 1349-1359 would be well worth while. The 
 result was the discovery of eight more sessional records, 
 which, with the Rutland roll and with the seven that had 
 been correctly described, gave a total of sixteen. One of these 
 had been translated and printed in a local archaeological jour¬ 
 nal, but as far as I know had never attracted attention. 1 
 
 It also seemed advisable to examine Ancient Indictments, 
 classed in Scargill-Bird’s Guide under “King’s Bench, Crown 
 side,” the manuscript list giving no clue to contents, but merely 
 the county and regnal year of each roll. The series is in a 
 very bad condition; the membranes are crumpled and thick 
 with dust, and are fastened together by parchment strings 
 through holes in the middle of each, so tightly drawn that the 
 manuscript is easily torn and that deciphering the portions 
 near the strings is almost impossible. An examination of the 
 whole series for the decade, as far as was possible under these 
 adverse conditions, revealed the fact that in addition to many 
 rolls of indictments coram Rege for offences against the stat¬ 
 utes of labourers, there are also two rolls of proceedings be¬ 
 fore justices of labourers. Several rolls of the keepers of the 
 peace for this decade were likewise identified, 2 quite by chance, 
 as well as several for a later period; 3 it is, therefore, probable 
 that for the next century more such records are in existence 
 and will be discovered by an exhaustive search through Assize 
 Rolls and Ancient Indictments. 
 
 There are also references to, or transcripts of, particular 
 proceedings before justices of labourers in the pardons for 
 outlawry recorded on the Patent Rolls, 4 and in the rolls of 
 exigends of offenders convicted before the justices to be pro- 
 
 1 Cf. app., C, 1, no. XVI. 
 
 2 Assize Rolls, Bedford, 32; Ancient Indictments, Somerset, 104. For 
 a fuller account of these cf. my article in E. H. R., 5^5, note 139. 
 
 8 Assize Rolls, Bucks., 76; Warwick, 976; Ancient Indictments, Nor¬ 
 folk, 80 (called to my attention by Mr. Edgar Powell); Oxford, 98. 
 Cf. my article, loc. cit., note 140. 
 
 4 Cf. e. g., app., C, 1, no. XVIII. 
 
144 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 * 
 
 claimed in the county courts. One roll of exigends appears 
 unexpectedly among Ancient Indictments, 1 and three others 
 among Coroners’ Rolls, although the description given in List 
 of Plea Rolls does not adequately indicate the nature of these 
 last three. 2 The Gaol Delivery Rolls undoubtedly contain more 
 information as to convictions before justices of laborers, but 
 unfortunately have not been included in my search. 3 It has 
 already been shown that in connection with the supervision of 
 the justices in session, exercised by the central government, 
 proceedings before them were sometimes removed into a higher 
 court and were thus preserved; 4 a few of these are given in 
 app., C, 2. There has also proved to be evidence in ex¬ 
 chequer documents 5 that, for a while at least, sessional records 
 similar to those actually discovered were in existence, but for 
 the decade 1349-1359 these eighteen rolls are the only ones 
 that I have found that can legitimately be described as records, 
 more or less complete, of sessions of justices of labourers, of 
 the separate or of the joint commissions. It is unnecessary to 
 repeat here the proof of the theory that there is a special ex¬ 
 planation of the survival of each of these rolls and of the 
 belief that at this date there was no regular system for the 
 preservation of sessional records. 6 In the following pages ex¬ 
 tracts from each of the eighteen rolls are given, with the ex¬ 
 ception of the one in print; and also when possible the par¬ 
 ticular reason for its survival. 7 The title of each roll as it 
 stands in the official catalogue is given, the asterisk indicating 
 the rolls that are at present inadequately described; the Roman 
 numerals refer merely to the order in my list. 
 
 1 Cf. app., C, 1, no. XVIII. 
 
 2 Ibid. One naturally infers that only the rolls described as contain¬ 
 ing exigends belong to this class. Gross in Select Cases from Cor¬ 
 oners' Rolls , 118, prints an example of an exigend of an offender against 
 the statute for the year 1363. 
 
 1 Cf. List of Plea Rolls. 
 
 4 Pt. 1, ch. ii, s. 1, and s. 7. 
 
 5 Cf. pt. 1, ch. ii, s. 1. 
 
 6 Ibid. 
 
 7 Ibid. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES ^5 * 
 
 I. Quarter sessions records. 
 
 Extracts from Ancient Indictments and Assize Rolls. 
 
 % I. Chester, Palatinate of; Eyre Roll, 13. n-25 Edw. III. 
 
 84 membranes. 
 
 Placita coram Thoma de Ferrariis Justiciario Cestriae, in 
 itinere suo apud Macclesfield. 
 
 Indictamenta Hundredi de Macclesfield. 
 
 Placita et Deliberatio Gaolae. 
 
 Intermixed with the membranes containing proceedings be¬ 
 fore de Ferrariis and stitched to them, are membranes of pro¬ 
 ceedings before the justices of labourers. Similarly in the two 
 following rolls, II and III, there is an intermixture of the 
 records of de Burgerssh with those of the justices of labourers. 
 
 m. 1. Indictamenta coram Roberto de Leghe de operariis 
 et seruientibus per commissionem 1 domini comitis 
 apud Macclesfeld, die Lune proximo post festum 
 Sancti Marci Euaungeliste, anno regni Regis Edwardi 
 tercii a conquestu vicesimo sexto. 
 
 (Presentments under oath by jurors.) 
 
 et quod Iohannes £ 2 le Tayllour de Wylmeslowe fre- 
 git statutum ad dampna populi xl d. Et quod Ricar- 
 dus filius Roberti filii Gvbbe fregit statutum ad 
 dampna ii s. 
 
 • • • • . • • • • 
 
 Et quod Thomas Boney f noluit servire et fregit sta¬ 
 tutum ad dampna xl d.Et quod Robertus filius 
 
 Walteri del Mor, Plenricus de Hyrdefeld, Nicholaus 
 filius capellani exierunt a patria ad operandum ad 
 dampna, quilibet eorum ii s. 
 
 (••••••« 
 
 1 1 have been unable to find on the Recognizance Rolls a reference to 
 any commission until that of 1360; cf. pt. 1, ch. i, s. 1. 
 
 throughout these sessional records the mark t indicates that in the 
 original “finis” or “ finem fecit” or “fecit finem ” is written over 
 the name. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 146 * 
 
 Et quod Margeria J filia Roberti, Iohanna J le Web¬ 
 ster, Cecilia J de Ashton, Benedictus J le Strenger, 
 Alicia J de Hargreve, Willelmus ;j; filius Roberti fre- 
 gerunt statutum et exierunt a patria ad dampna, qui- 
 libet eorum vi d. 
 
 J II. Chester, Palatinate of; Indictment Roll, 19. 27-38 Edw. 
 
 III. 47 membranes. 
 
 Indictamenta Villae et Hundredi de Macclesfield coram 
 
 Bartholomaeo de Burgerssh. 
 
 m. 3. Indictamenta apud Macclesfeld coram Roberto de 
 Legh et Willelmo de Maynwaryng assignatis per com- 
 missionem domini comitis Cestrie ad inquirendum de 
 operariis et artificibus qui statutum domini Edwardi 
 Regis nunc de eisdem nuper editum fregerunt, die 
 Mercurii proximo post festum Sancti Andree apostoli 
 anno regni.vicesimo septimo. 
 
 (Presentments under oath by jurors of a long list 
 of receivers of excess wages.) 
 
 • ••••••• 
 
 i 
 
 Dicunt .... quod Dykon Dryebred, triturator, 
 cepit mercedem superfluam ad dampna populi vi d. 
 . . . . Et quod Ricardus de Bouland f (manucaptus), 
 communis operarius, cepit mercedem superfluam ad 
 dampna vi d. 
 
 * 
 
 • ••••••• 
 
 Et quod Adam Duncalf,J sutor, fregit statutum ad 
 dampna populi xii d. 
 
 i •••••••• 
 
 Et quod Ricardus Filiaster,J Henricus le Fycher cepe- 
 runt salarium excessiuum ad dampna vi d. 
 
 « 
 
 • ••••••• 
 
 Et quod Adam J (manucaptus) Brid, salter, dedit 
 salarium excessiuum ad dampna vi d. 
 
 1 
 
 • ••••••• 
 
 Et quod Emma (manucapta ponit se) Walrane cepit 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 147 * 
 
 ii d. quadam die in autumpno ab hora prima diei vsque 
 noctem et fregit statutum. 
 
 Indictamenta ville de Macclesfeld coram Roberto de Legh 
 et Willelmo de Maynwaryng die et anno infrascriptis. 
 
 (Many presentments for the receipt of excess wages.) 
 
 Thomas de Tydryntone, capellanus, cepit mercedem 
 superfluam ad dampna populi xl d. 
 
 m. 9 b. Indictamenta operariorum et seruiencium coram 
 Roberto de Legh et Willelmo de Maynwaryng iusti- 
 ciariis assignatis ad inquirendum de huiusmodi, apud 
 Macclesfeld, die Lune in festo Convercionis Sancti 
 Pauli, anno regni . . . tricesimo. 
 
 Iuratores .... dicunt super sacramentum suum 
 quod . . . . et Thomas, filius Roberti filii Madyn, 
 exiuit a seruicio Iohannis de Dokenfeld et extra pa- 
 triam et quod Roesia soror eius exiuit a patria tem¬ 
 pore autumpni. 
 
 • ••••••• 
 
 Et quod Ricardus,{ filius Ricardi filii Hamonis, opera- 
 rius, exiuit a patria et procurat alios exire . . . Et 
 Radulphus de Shelladon,J falcator, Willelmus { de 
 Hethylegh, falcator,J Thomas de Shagh,J falcator, 
 Thomas,J filius Ricardi filii Roberti de Hulm,*| mes- 
 sor, Thomas de Denebrok,! messor, exierunt a pa¬ 
 tria. 
 
 Et Henricus, filius Symonis le Mulward, noluit seruire 
 
 Hugoni del Sherd et erat vacans. 
 
 Et Ricardus de Bouland *| (manucaptus), tasker, cepit 
 mercedem superfluam. 
 
 m. 16 b. (X). Hundredum de Macclesfeld. 
 
 Inquisicio capta coram Roberto de Legh et Willelmo 
 de Maynwaring iusticiariis assignatis apud Maccles¬ 
 feld ad inquirendum de operariis et artificibus per 
 commissionem domini comitis Cestr’, die Lune prox- 
 
14B* 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 imo post festum Invencionis Sancte Crucis anno regni 
 .... tricesimo primo. 
 
 (Presentments under oath by jurors of a long list 
 of both takers and givers of excess wages.) 
 
 • ••••••• 
 
 Dicunt quod Henricus Hennerissone,i mower, ma- 
 
 nens in Aldurlegh, cepit salariam excessivam. 
 
 Et quod Willelmus de Wakefeld, barker,t fregit sta- 
 
 tutum et dat operariis mercedem excessivam. 
 
 Et quod Iohannes, filius Ricardi de Overaldurlegh, 
 falcator, cepit mercedem excessivam et exiuit a patria. 
 • •»••••• 
 
 Henricus J le Fyscher, messor, cepit mercedem exces- 
 siuam et cepit tres denarios cum prandio per diem. 
 
 • ••••••• 
 
 Et quod Willelmus | le Ledbetere dat mercedem 
 Thome de Heghlegh pro opere suo vnius diei absque 
 conuencione septem denarios cum prandio. 
 
 m. xiii and m. 22 b (xvi) contain similar indict¬ 
 ments, “ coram Roberto de Legh et sociis suis,” for 
 the 32nd and 33rd years. 
 
 J III. Chester, Palatinate of; Indictment Roll, 4. 27 Edw. Ill 
 —1 R. II. 45 membranes. 
 
 Indictamenta de Officio ad Comitatum Cestriae. 
 m. 10 [33rd year]. 1 
 
 Indictamenta operariorum et servientium coram Ro¬ 
 berto de Leghe per sacramentum Petri de Ardene et 
 aliorum, qui dicunt super sacramentum suum quod 
 Hamo le Roder, laborer, et Ricardus filius Iohannis 
 exierunt de patria. Et quod Tille, filia Radulfi del 
 Clyf, exiuit de patria. Et quod Iohannes Wytkurtill, 
 labarator, cepit mercedem excessiuum. Et quod Isa¬ 
 bella Wybot et Elena del Hurrok, messor, exierunt de 
 
 1 All the entries on this membrane are of the 33rd year. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 149 * 
 
 patria. Et quod Alicia Hughet, Iohannes Scot, mes- 
 sor, Ricardus le Fycheler, Isabella de Euresdale, 
 messor, Willelmus frater Alicie de Berneslegh, exi- 
 erunt a patria. Et quod Ricardus de Skarchesdale, 
 sutor, Adam de Gaunt, falcator, Iohanna de Brunyn- 
 ton, spynner, Agnes le Dycher, Alicia Coppok, messor, 
 Matilldis de Roker, ceperunt mercedem excessiuum. 
 Et quod Iohannes de Shepelegh, et Agnes Bunnyng, 
 seruiens Ricardi Fyton, exierunt a patria. Et quod 
 Iohannes Doye, fletcher, et Iohannes le Fycheler, la¬ 
 borer, cepit nimium stipendium. Et quod Sarra, filia 
 Ade filii Willelmi, messor, Hugo Roberdesknave, Mar- 
 geria, filia Ricardi filii Radulfi, Agnes de Weryntonj 
 reper, Henricus de Heppal, falcator, Thomas le shep- 
 herde, quondam seruiens Ricardi Chaumpeyne et Wil¬ 
 lelmus, filius Mowe filii Hond’, exierunt de patria. Et 
 quod Rogerus Bugge, taillour, cepit nimium stipen¬ 
 dium etc. 
 
 IV. Assize Roll, Cornwall, 125. 32-33 Edw. III. 8 mem¬ 
 
 branes. 
 
 Recorda et processus Sessionis W. Polglas et R. Cerise- 
 aux Justiciariorum ad ordinationes et Statuta de Opera- 
 riis et Artificibus custodienda. 
 
 m. 1. Cornub’. Recorda et processus sessionum Willelmi 
 Polglas et Ricardi Ceriseaux le pier iusticiariorum 
 domini Regis ad ordinacionem et statuta de operariis 
 et artificibus ac eciam mensuris et ponderibus custo¬ 
 dienda in comitatu predicto assignatis. 
 
 De terminis Annunciacionis Dominice, Sancte Mar- 
 garete, Sancti Michaelis et Sancti Nicholai anno regni 
 Edwardi tercii xxxii do , Annunciationis Dominice, 
 Sancte Margarete et Sancti Michaelis anno eiusdem 
 Regis tricesimo tercio. 
 
 On 20 Feb., 1358, the above were appointed justices of la¬ 
 bourers and of weights and measures; see “List of justices/* 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 150* 
 
 app., 109 and 63. On 4 Nov., 1359, the writ of supersedeas 
 was issued;^ app., 31-32. 
 
 This roll contains seven sessions of ten days each, one of the 
 most complete records that I have found; for this reason one 
 of these sessions has been chosen for printing in full. 
 
 m. 2. Sessiones predictorum iusticiariorum apud Penryn, 
 die Lune proximo post festum Sancte Margarete, anno 
 Regis nunc xxxii d0 . 
 
 Quo die vicecomes retornauit preceptum suum ad 
 plenum. Iurati diuersorum hundredorum presentant 
 quod decennarius et decenna de Arwythel, decenna- 
 rius et decenna de Keuel, decennarius et decenna de 
 Treuewith, decennarius et decenna de Rosnetthon, de¬ 
 cennarius et decenna de Trelyuer, decennarius et de¬ 
 cenna de Trelan, decennarius et decenna de Trele- 
 weran, decennarius et decenna de Lishard, decennarius 
 et decenna de Lucyes, decennarius et decenna de Car- 
 mynon, nullos cippos habuerunt in decennis predictis. 
 Qui quidem decennarii cum decennis predictis exacti 
 venerunt et allocuti inde hoc contradicere non potu- 
 erunt; ideo ipsi in misericordia, vt patet in extractis 
 liberatis scaccario domini Regis et sic similiter patet in 
 eisdem extractis de omnibus amerciamentis, finibus, ex- 
 cessubus et exitibus forisfactis coram prefatis iustici- 
 ariis de omni tempore huiusmodi recordi et processus. 
 Et predicti decennarii cum decennis suis statim postea 
 cippos suos parauerunt et duxerunt etc. 
 
 Decennarius et decenna de Cleer, decennarius et de¬ 
 cenna de Sancto Mangano, decennarius et decenna de 
 Wynyanton, decennarius et decenna de Prispynnoc, 
 separatim exacti ad deseruiendum curie et responsuri 
 pro decennis suis non venerunt quando exacti sunt; 
 ideo ipsi in misericordia vt patet in extractis. Et pos¬ 
 tea venerunt et fecerunt presentamentum suum etc. 
 
 Iohannes de Trethewy, Robertus Trefuis, Iohannes 
 Cararthek, Ospertus Tremogh, 1 constabularii in diu- 
 
 1 Twelve others named. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 I5 1 * 
 
 ersis parochiis exacti ad reddendum retornum suum 
 non venerunt: ideo ipsi in misericordia, et postea vene- 
 runt etc. 
 
 Decennarius et decenna manerii de Helliston, decen- 
 narius et decenna de Risiaren, exacti ad presentamen- 
 tum etc.,.non venerunt; ideo ipsi in misericordia. Et 
 postea venerunt predicti. 
 
 Die Martis. 
 
 Iurati diuersorum hundredorum presentant quod 
 Ricardus Knap, molendinarius, Nicholaus Rosauon, 
 Dauid Godolgban, Rogerus Baker, molendinarius, Ra- 
 dulphus Cail, Iohannes Peron, Iohannes Ospern de 
 Kenegy, decennarius et decenna de Pengersek, Iohan¬ 
 nes Hikka, Iohannes Baret, Henricus Wydel, Fabi- 
 anus, molendinarius, Elias, molendinarius, 1 Iohannes 
 Iargon, carpentarius, 2 decennarius et decenna de Tre- 
 ros, decennarius et decenna de Penseghnans, decenna¬ 
 rius et decenna de Minstre, 3 decennarius et decenna de 
 Tucois, decennarius et decenna de Predannoc, decen¬ 
 narius et decenna de Methele, decennarius et decenna 
 de Quenna, decennarius et decenna de Treyicthal, Io¬ 
 hannes Fraunces, Alanus Tregellest, 4 Iohannes Man, 
 molendinarius, decennarius et decenna manerii de Hel¬ 
 liston, Galfridus Tresaglarn, 5 Gilbertus Webb, 6 Ricar¬ 
 dus, molendinarius de Lishard, Thomas de Treworgy, 
 Rogerus West, Adam West, Robertus Corny vtebantur 
 diuersis falsis mensuris et ponderibus contra formam 
 statuti domini Regis de mensuris et ponderibus editi. 
 Ideo preceptum est vicecomiti quod attachiat omnes 
 prenominatos contra diem Mercurii proximum apud 
 Penryn. 
 
 Die Mercurii. 
 
 1 Five ethers named. In this list and in those following I have printed 
 all the names in connection with which there is any clue to the occupa¬ 
 tion of the offender. 
 
 2 Ten others named. 3 Repeated. 4 Seven others. 
 
 3 Fourteen others. 6 Four others. 
 
152 * APPENDIX 
 
 Quo die vicecomes respondit quod predicti Ricardus 
 Knap, Nicholaus et ceteri omnes supranominati at- 
 tachiati sunt per separatas pleuinas etc. Qui omnes 
 exacti venerunt. Et allocuti super presentamentum 
 predictum dicunt quod non sunt inde culpabiles et po- 
 nunt se super patriam. Ideo predictum est vicecomiti 
 quod statim venire faciat xii etc.; iuratores inter domi- 
 num Regem et personas predictas electi, triati et iurati, 
 dicunt quod predicti Rogerus West, Adam West et 
 Robertus Corny non sunt culpabiles. Ideo considera- 
 tum est quod eant quieti. Set predicti Ricardus Knap, 
 Nicholaus Dauid et ceteri prenominati culpabiles sunt; 
 ideo ipsi arrainiantur et fecerunt finem per diuersas 
 pleuinas, vt patet in extractis etc. 
 
 Compertum est quod Iohannes Luky et Thomas Bos- 
 nail, constabularii parochie Sancti Maimani concellant 
 diuersos operarios et seruitores. Ideo constabularii in 
 misericordia etc. Compertum est quod Henricus Payn 
 et Benedictus Clak, constabularii parochie Sancti Ru- 
 moni, concellant diuersos operarios et seruitores ac 
 eciam mensuras et pondera falsa. Ideo dicti constabu¬ 
 larii in misericordia etc. 
 m. 2 d. Die Iouis. 
 
 Iurati presentant quod Iohannes Clegh, iunior, 
 Nicholaa Karn, Dionisia Trethak, Thomas Tremenhir, 
 Iohanna Nichol, Ricardus Gorben, Iohannes Coly, 1 
 Iohannes Sebill, taillour, Iohannes Henri, 2 Iohannes, 
 seruiens Henrici Nanfan, Ricardus Polgrim, 3 Iohannes, 
 seruiens Thome Mewes, ceperunt salaria, mercedes et 
 lucra excessiua in diuersis artificiis et mercandisiis suis 
 contra formam statuti domini Regis etc. Ideo pre- 
 ceptum est vicecomiti ipsos attachiare contra diem 
 Veneris apud Penryn, quod tunc sint coram prefatis 
 iusticiariis etc. 
 
 Compertum est quod decennarius et decenna de 
 
 1 Sixteen others. 
 
 2 Thirty-one others. 
 
 3 Five others. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 153* 
 
 Trewrabo mutauerunt quemdam bussellum in presen- 
 cia iusticiariorum ad decepcionem curie; ideo ipsi in 
 misericordia. 
 
 Die Veneris. 
 
 Vicecomes respondit quod predicti Iohannes Clegh, 
 Nicholaa Karn et ceteri omnes prenominati attachiati 
 sunt separatim per diuersas pleuinas; et tunc ipsi ex- 
 acti etc. Predicti Iohannes Clegh, iunior, Nicholaa 
 Karn, Dionisia Trethak et Thomas Tremenhir non 
 venerunt. Ideo plegii eorum in misericordia etc. Et 
 preceptum est vicecomiti ipsos capere contra diem Sab- 
 bathi proximum apud Helleston coram prefatis iusti- 
 ciariis etc. Et predicti Iohanna Nichol, Ricardus Gor- 
 ben, Iohannes Coly et ceteri prenominati veniunt et 
 dicunt quod non sunt culpabiles de hoc quod predicti 
 iurati superius presentant et ponunt se super patriam 
 etc. Ideo preceptum est vicecomiti quod venire faciat 
 xii etc. apud Helleston die Sabbati proximo coram 
 predictis iusticiariis etc. 
 
 Iurati diuersorum hundredorum presentant quod Pe¬ 
 trus Trewethynek, Reginaldus Gelon 1 Baldwinus, mo- 
 lendinarius de Trelan, 2 Thomas, molendinarius de 
 Treyntheus, 3 Reginaldus Beonyle, molendinarius, 4 de- 
 cennarius et decenna de Merthyn, Walterus Trestan, 
 decennarius et decenna de Keuel, 5 Radulfus vicarius 
 Sancti Constantis, Nicholaus Mols, 6 prior Sancti Io- 
 hannis, Iohannes Goflenyn, 7 vtebantur falsis mensuris 
 et ponderibus diuersis contra formam statuti domini 
 Regis inde prouisi etc. Ideo preceptum est vicecomiti 
 ipsos attachiare contra diem Sabbati proxime futurum 
 apud Helleston coram prefatis iusticiariis etc. 
 
 Die Sabbati. 
 
 Vicecomes respondit quod predicti Iohannes Clegh, 
 
 1 Eight others. 2 Eighteen others. 3 Twelve others. 
 
 4 Seven others. 5 Ten others. 
 
 6 Thirteen others. 7 Twenty-one others. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 154 * 
 
 iunior, Nicholaa Karn, Dionisia Trethak et Thomas 
 Tremenhir capti sunt et sunt in custodia sua. Qui ex- 
 acti venerunt et allocuti super presentamento predicto 
 dicunt quod non sunt culpabiles et ponunt se super 
 patriam etc. in quam predicti Iohanna Nicol, Ricardus 
 Gorben, Iobannes Coly et ceteri socii sui prenominati 
 se posuerunt etc. Ideo preceptum est vicecomiti quod 
 statim venire faciat xii etc. ad faciendum iuratam etc. 
 Iuratores inter dominum Regem et partes predictas 
 electi, triati et iurati, acquietant predictos Iohannem 
 Clegh, Nicbolaam Karn, Dionisiam Trethak et Tho- 
 mam Tremenhir de excessubus et transgressionibus 
 superius presentatis. Ideo ipsi quieti recedant etc. Et 
 predicti Iohanna Nicol, Ricardus Gorben, Iohannes 
 Coly et ceteri socii sui prenominati culpabiles sunt. 
 Ideo ipsi arrainiantur et fecerunt finem vt patet in ex¬ 
 tracts liberatis scaccario Regis. 
 
 Et quoad predictos, Petrus Trewethynek, Reginaldus 
 Gelon, Iohannes Lauri et ceteri socii sui superius nomi- 
 nati exacti venerunt. Et allocuti super presentamento 
 predicto dicunt quod non sunt culpabiles et ponunt se 
 super patriam. Ideo preceptum est vicecomiti quod 
 statim venire faciat xii etc. Iuratores, electi, triati et 
 iurati, dicunt quod predicti Petrus, Reginaldus et alii 
 superius nominati culpabiles sunt. Ideo arrainiantur 
 et fecerunt finem vt patet in extractis. 
 
 Ricardus Moil et Daniel Treueldras, constabularii 
 parochie Sancte Wendrone, exacti ad deseruiendum 
 curie non venerunt. Ideo ipsi in misericordia etc. 
 
 Robertus Cararthek conuictus de contemptu et le- 
 sione statuti etc. fecit finem vt patet in extractis. 
 
 Iurati diuersorum hundredorum presentant quod 
 Gregorius, seruiens Willelmi Brit, Iohannes, seruiens 
 Iohannis Gros, Iohanna, seruiens Natalis Pennalwyn, 
 Martinus, molendinarius, Iohannes Thomas, Iohannes 
 Towith, seyner, Thomas Eir, Philippus Roger, Lucia 
 Iwynes, Iohannes Eir, Iohannes Marsely, tanner. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 155 * 
 
 Michael Mallyn, Robertas, seruiens Petri Trewethynek, 
 Nicholaus Man, Radulfus Vyghan, Iohannes Meyn, 
 glouer, Nicholaus Yust, Pascasius Tey, Iohannes 
 Molon, Iohannes Teudaunt, seutor, Iohannes Hoste- 
 way, Petrus Huy, Iohannes Marsely, seruaunt, Iohan¬ 
 nes Shorham, webb, 1 Iohannes Brun, taillour, Iohannes 
 Smale, taillour, ceperunt et quidam illorum dederunt 
 salaria et lucra excessiua in diuersis operibus et arti- 
 ficiis suis contra formam statuti domini Regis etc. 
 Ideo preceptum est vicecomiti quod ipsos attachiat 
 quod sint apud Helleston die Lune proxime futuro 
 coram prefatis iusticiariis inde responsuri. 
 
 Daniel Treueldras et Ricardus Moil, constabularii 
 parochie Sancte Wendrone, exacti ad reddendum re- 
 tornum suum, non venerunt debito tempore; ideo ipsi 
 in misericordia. 
 
 Radulfus Cayl et Iohannes Peron exacti ad redden¬ 
 dum diuersas mensuras suas non venerunt; ideo ipsi 
 in misericordia. Et preceptum est vicecomiti ipsos dis- 
 tringere contra diem Lune proxime futurum. 
 
 Iohannes Ospern de Kenegy, exactus ad reddendum 
 mensuras suas, non venit quando fuit exactus; ideo 
 ipse in misericordia. Et postea tarde venit et reddidit. 
 
 Die Lune. 
 
 Quo die vicecomes respondit quod predicti Grego¬ 
 rius, seruiens Willelmi Brit, Iohannes, seruiens Iohan- 
 nis Gros et ceteri socii prenominati, attachiati sunt per 
 diuersas pleuinas. Qui exacti venerunt omnes mane, 
 preter Thomam Eir cuius plegius in misericordia quia 
 ipsum non habet etc. Et postea eodem die predicti 
 Gregorius et ceteri omnes ilia vice nominati exacti 
 venerunt, et allocuti super presentamento predicto, 
 dicunt quod non sunt culpabiles et ponunt se super 
 patriam. Ideo preceptum est vicecomiti quod venire 
 faciat xii etc. contra diem Martis proximum apud Hel¬ 
 leston etc. 
 
 1 Four others. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 Radulfus Cayl et Iohannes Peron exacti ad redden¬ 
 dum mensuras suas non venerunt. Ideo manucaptores 
 sui in misericordia. Et ipsi forisfecerunt excessus; et 
 preceptum est vicecomiti ipsos distringere contra diem 
 Martis proxime futurum etc. 
 
 Iohannes Marsely, seruant, et Iohannes Roby, con- 
 uicti de transgressione, videlicet de excessu capto con¬ 
 tra statutum, fecerunt finem etc. 
 
 lacobus de Beson et plegii sui in misericordia quia 
 non prosecutus est versus Odonem Beson in placito 
 transgressionis. 
 
 Iohannes Penros et plegii sui in misericordia quia 
 non prosecutus est versus Aliciam Coly in placito 
 transgressionis etc. 
 
 lacobus Trefusis et plegii sui in misericordia quia 
 non prosecutus est versus Agnetem Kirrigan in placito 
 transgressionis. 
 
 Willelmus Kakyliek et plegii sui in misericordia quia 
 non prosecutus est versus Aliciam Treuaichny in pla¬ 
 cito transgressionis. 
 
 Walterus Drew de Treuane et plegii sui in miseri¬ 
 cordia quia non prosecutus est versus Iohannem Oen 
 in placito transgressionis. 
 
 Henricus Synter et Iohanna Synter, conuicti de 
 transgressione et excessu facto contra statutum, fece¬ 
 runt finem etc. 
 
 Iohanna Wilkyn, conuicta de excessu facto contra 
 statutum, fecit finem etc. 
 
 Willelmus Polhorman presens in curia exactus et 
 preceptus iurare recusauit hoc facere; ideo ipse in 
 misericordia etc. Et postea iurauit. 
 
 Compertum est quod Willelmus Polhorman affir- 
 mauit falsam querelam versus Iohannam Peruel in 
 placito transgressionis, videlicet de eo quod ipsa re¬ 
 cusauit ei deseruire; ideo ipse in misericordia. Wil¬ 
 lelmus Trelouer affirmauit falsam querelam versus 
 Nicholaum Sken in placito transgressionis, videlicet de 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 15 7 * 
 
 excessu ab eo capto, prout compertum est; ideo ipse 
 in misericordia. 
 
 Robertas Cararthek et plegii sui in misericordia quia 
 non prosecutus est versus Isabellam Aly in placito 
 transgressionis. 
 
 3. Die Martis viii die secunde sessionis anno xxxii d0 . 
 
 Iurati diuersorum hundredorum presentant quod 
 Iohanna Fylet, Galfridus Treuethec, Nicholaus Pyn- 
 nock, Iohannes Webb de Bodely, Iohannes Rucheman, 
 Nicholaus lakadou, Nicholaus Cadarn, piscator, Iohan¬ 
 nes Aly, Iohannes Iocelyn, Robertus, seruiens Ricardi 
 Cruk, 1 Alicia, seruiens Rogeri Capa, 2 Edwardus Webb 
 de Penryn 3 ceperunt diversa mercedes, salaria et lucra 
 excessiua in contemptu statuti domini Regis. Ideo 
 preceptum est vicecomiti quod ipsos omnes attachiat 
 contra diem Mercurii proxime futurum apud Helleston 
 coram iusticiariis etc. 
 
 Robertus Trefuis et Robertus Cararthek, constabu- 
 larii parochie Sancte Wenerpe, Iohannes Deboner et 
 Thomas Wern, constabularii parochie Sancti Glowiat, 
 Iohannes Michel et Iohannes Amydieu, constabularii 
 ville de Penrin, Thomas Tremogh et Iohannes Andru, 
 constabularii parochie Sancti Landi, Iohannes Helligoy 
 et Tudeus Boscanan, constabularii parochie Sancti Man- 
 gani, Iohannes Iankyn et. Iohannes Hendre, constabu¬ 
 larii parochie Sancti Rumoni magni, Benedictus Clak 
 et Henricus Payn, constabularii Sancti Rumoni parui, 
 Robertus Rous et Willelmus Treleghyn, constabularii 
 parochie Sancti Sithenini, 4 exacti ad reddendum diu- 
 ersa retorna pro parochiis predictis, non venerunt 
 quando exacti fuerant; ideo ipsi in misericordia. Et 
 postea tarde veniunt et reddunt retorna etc. 
 
 Petrus Antrenon, Willelmus Tyrel de Tuomern 5 
 hac die mane exacti ad inquirendum pro Rege non 
 
 , 4 ; ; | ; r • : \ 1 • tv- 1 *- 
 
 Four others. 2 Eight others. s Fourteen others. 
 
 Constables of four other parishes named. 5 Seven others. 
 
i 5 8* 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 venerunt; icleo ipsi in misericordia. Et postea eodem 
 die venerunt et iurati etc. 
 
 Iohannes Trefuruo et Iohannes Day, constabularii 
 parochie Sancti Budoci, exacti mane ad reddendum re- 
 tornum suum, non venerunt; ideo ipsi in misericordia. 
 Et postea venerunt et reddunt modo. 
 
 Decennarius et decenna de Lucyes exacti ad redden¬ 
 dum retorna preceptorum sibi directorum non vene¬ 
 runt quando exacti fuerunt; ideo ipsi in misericordia. 
 Et postea venerunt etc. 
 
 Die Mercurii. 
 
 Decennarius et decenna de Prispynnoc exacti ad 
 presentandum coram iusticiariis non venerunt; ideo 
 ipsi in misericordia etc. Ricardus Rosewyk conuictus 
 de transgressione et contemptu in presencia iusticiari- 
 orum fecit finem etc. vt patet in extractis etc. 
 
 Philippus Iakis, webb, Odo Brasigonna, Nicholaus 
 Bon, piscator et Hillarius Webb de Sancta Stediana, 
 conuicti de diuersis excessubus per recognicionem suam 
 propriam arrainiantur et postea fecerunt finem. Et 
 quoad Iobannam Filet, Galfridum Treuethec et ceteros 
 socios suos prenominatos, vicecomes respondit quod 
 ipsi omnes attachiati sunt per diuersas pleuinas etc. 
 Qui exacti venerunt omnes preter Hamundum Hara- 
 non et Robertum Treyntheno quorum plegii in miseri¬ 
 cordia quia ipsos hac vice non habent. Et postea 
 eodem die ipsi iidem Hamundus et Robertus simul cum 
 aliis superius nominatis exacti venerunt. Et ipsi allo- 
 cuti de excessubus predictis dicunt quod non sunt cul- 
 pabiles et ponunt se super patriam etc. Ideo precep- 
 tum est vicecomiti quod statim venire faciat xii etc.; 
 iuratores inter dominum Regem et predictas personas 
 electi, triati et iurati, dicunt quod predicti Hamundus 
 et Robertus Treyntheno non sunt culpabiles de exces- 
 sibus predictis. Ideo ipsi quieti recedant, set omnes 
 alii predicti superius nominati sunt culpabiles. Ideo 
 arrainiantur et postea fecerunt finem etc. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 159 * 
 
 Villata de Penrin exacta et allocuta si haberent 
 standarda parata prout alias eis preceptum fuit sub 
 quadam pena. Inde ad presens nicliil habent paratum. 
 Ideo forisfaciant penam illam etc. prout patet in ex¬ 
 tracts etc. 
 
 Iurati diuersorum hundredorum presentant quod 
 Iohanes Watte, webb, Iohannes Bonsohn, Willelmus 
 Bodek, Iohannes Andru, webb, 1 Iohannes Hamely, 
 piscator, 2 ceperunt diuersas mercedes, salaria et lucra 
 excessiua in pluribus artificiis et operibus suis in con- 
 temptu statuti domini Regis etc. Ideo preceptum est 
 vicecomiti quod ipsos attachiat contra diem Iovis proxi- 
 mum apud Helleston etc. 
 
 Die Iouis. 
 
 Quo die vicecomes respondit quod predicti Iohannes 
 Watte, Iohannes Bonsohn, Willelmus Bodek et ceteri 
 omnes superius nominati attachiati sunt per diuersas 
 pleuinas etc. Qui exacti omnes venerunt et allocuti de 
 excessubus et transgressionibus predictis, dicunt quod 
 non sunt culpabiles et ponunt se super patriam etc. 
 Et statim ipsi omnes per iuratam triatam et captam 
 convicti sunt. Ideo arrainiantur et fecerunt finem ut 
 patet in extractis liberatis scaccario domini Regis etc. 
 
 DATES AND PLACES OF SESSIONS. 
 
 32nd, year. 
 
 m. 1. 
 
 Lostwythiel. 
 
 Monday after Annunciation. 
 
 (25 March). 
 
 Tuesday to Saturday. 
 
 m. 1 d. 
 
 Truru. 
 
 Monday to Thursday. 
 
 m. 2. 
 
 Penryn. 
 
 Monday after St. Margaret (20 July). 
 Tuesday to Saturday. 
 
 m. 2 d. 
 
 Helleston. 
 
 Monday to Thursday. 
 
 m. 3. 
 
 Marghasyon. 
 
 Monday after St. Michael (29 Sept.). 
 Tuesday to Saturday. 
 
 1 Eighteen others. 
 
 2 Six others. 
 
160 * 
 
 
 m. 3 d. 
 m. 4. 
 
 Mousehole. 
 
 Medeshole. 
 
 m. 4 d. 
 
 Oldestowe. 
 
 m. 5. 
 
 Bodmin. 
 
 m. 5 d. 
 
 m. 6. 
 
 Cameleford. 
 
 Stratton. 
 
 Launceton. 
 
 m. 6 d. 
 m. 7 d. 
 
 Callyngton. 
 
 Leskirred. 
 
 m. 8. 
 
 Lostwythiel. 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 Monday to Thursday. 
 
 Monday after St. Nicholas (6 Dec.). 
 Tuesday to Saturday. 
 
 Monday to Thursday. 
 
 33rd year. 
 
 Monday after Annunciation. 
 
 (25 March). 
 
 Tuesday to Saturday. 
 
 Monday, Tuesday. 
 
 Wednesday, Thursday. 
 
 Monday after St. Margaret (20 July). 
 Tuesday to Thursday. 
 
 Friday to Thursday. 
 
 Monday after St. Michael (29 Sept.). 
 Tuesday to Saturday. 
 
 Monday to Thursday. 
 
 V. Assize Roll, Derby, 170. 31-32 Edw. III. 5 membranes. 
 
 Placita coram Godefrido Foljaumb et sociis suis (de Arti- 
 ficibus, etc.). 
 
 The following enrollments explain the preservation of this 
 roll: 
 
 Mem. L. T. R., 35, Mich., Breu. Ret., rot. 13 d. 
 
 Godefrido Foliaumbe et sociis suis. 
 
 Rex dilectis et fidelibus suis Godefrido Foliaumbe, Rogero 
 Michil et Iohanni Foucher nuper iusticiariis ad ordinaciones et 
 statuta de operariis, artificibus et seruientibus ac ponderibus et 
 mensuris in comitatu Derb’ custodienda assignatis, salutem. 
 Mandamus vobis quod omnia recorda et processus coram vobis 
 facta in sessionibus vestris iusticiarie predicte habeatis siue 
 mittatis sub sigillis vestris ad receptam scaccarii nostri apud 
 Westmonasterium a die Pasche proxime futuro in vnum men¬ 
 sem thesaurario et camerario dicti scaccarii nostri ibidem 
 liberanda. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 161 * 
 
 Teste ut supra [G. de Wilford x° die Novembris, per 
 bar ones.] 
 
 Ante quem diem predictus Godefridus venit et habet diem 
 alibi in hiis Memorandis inter Dies Datos de hoc termino. 
 Ideo dictum breue reuocatur et cesset. 
 
 Derb’ 
 
 Preceptum est vicecomiti quod distringat predictos Godefri- 
 dum Foliambe, Rogerum Michel et Iohannem Foucher nuper 
 iusticiarios etc. per omnes terras etc. Ita etc. a die Pasche 
 proxime futuro in vnum mensem ad liberandum ibidem omnia 
 recorda et processus coram ipsis iusticiariis facta 1 in session- 
 ibus suis iusticiarie predicte. 
 
 Teste vt supra [G. de Wilford x° die Novembris per war- 
 rantum predictum]. 
 
 Postea videlicet antequam breue emanauit dictum breue re¬ 
 uocatur et cesset eo quod dictus Godefridus venit et habet diem 
 in Memorandis inter Dies Datos de hoc termino. 
 
 Cf. also Communia, Mich., rot. 6 d, Derb’ De Die Dato; 
 Datus est dies Godefrido Foliaumbe etc. 
 
 t 
 
 The first membrane of the roll contains a copy of the letter 
 patent of 5 Feb., 1357, appointing Foljambe and the others 
 justices of labourers and of weights and measures. See “List 
 of justices/' app., B, 3. 
 
 m. 1. Pretextu cuius breuis preceptum fuit vicecomiti 
 Derb' quod venire faceret coram prefatis iusticiariis 
 tribus vel duobus eorum apud Derb’ die Lune proximo 
 ante festum apostolorum Philippi et Iacoby de qualibet 
 wapentachia ballive sue xxiiii or etc., de qualibet villa 
 quatuor homines et prepositum, et preter illos tot et 
 tales etc. ad inquirendum et excercendum ea que ex 
 parte domini Regis eis ibidem iniungentur. Et vice- 
 comes fecit inde execucionem etc. 
 
 1 MS. factis. 
 
162 * 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 Placita coram Godefrido Foliaumbe et sociis suis 
 iusticiariis domini Regis ad omnia ordinaciones et 
 statuta de operariis et artificibus et seruientibus ac de 
 mensuris et ponderibus et aliis in comissione domini 
 contentis in comitatu Derb’ illata audienda et termi- 
 nanda assignatis apud Derb’ die Lune proximo ante 
 festum apostolorum Philippi et Iacobi, anno regni 
 Regis Edwardi tercii post conquestum xxxi. 
 
 Derb’ 
 
 Presentatum est quod Elias Wareyn, Willelmus 
 Gerard, Radulfus le Clerk, Isolda Louell 1 habent 
 mensuras, videlicet, quilibet eorum unum bussellum 
 standardo domini Regis non concordatum propter 
 minuitatem eorundem etc. 
 
 (The sheriff is ordered to produce the above; i. e., “venire 
 faciat.”) 
 
 Die Martis proximo ante festum Sancti Dunstani 
 anno supradicto etc. 
 
 Ad quern diem vicecomes retornat quod attachiati 
 sunt etc. Et modo veniunt per vicecomitem ducti et 
 allocuti sunt sigillatim de eo quod ipsi habent bussellos 
 standardo domini Regis non concordatos propter minui¬ 
 tatem eorum. Qui dicunt quod non possunt dedicere et 
 ponunt se in graciam domini Regis, et petunt se ad- 
 mitti ad finem cum domino Rege etc. Et admittuntur 
 quilibet eorum ad xii d., prout patet in rotulo finium 
 etc. 
 
 m. 1 d. Die Lune proximo post festum Sancti Barnabe apos- 
 toli, anno supradicto etc. 
 
 Morleyston. 
 
 Presentatum est per xii iuratos eiusdem wapentachie 
 quod Iohannes J de Walley cepit ad quarterium fru- 
 
 1 Forty-five other names. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 163 * 
 
 menti pro trituracione iii d; videlicet ad xx quarteria, 
 et sic cepit in excessu contra statutum ii s. 
 
 (Long list of similar offences follows.) 
 
 m. 2. Morleyston. 
 
 Presentatum est quod Henricus,J filius Henrici de 
 Kydesley, cepit in excessu pro vendicione carbonis xl d. 
 • ••••••• 
 
 Item dicunt quod Robertus de Tikhull { de Chelaf- 
 ton cepit in vendicione calceti contra formam etc. i 
 marcam. 
 
 • ••••••• 
 
 1 *» 
 
 Item dicunt quod Thomas le Walker J de Beaureper 
 
 cepit in excessu pro falcacione contra formam etc. ii s. 
 
 . Item dicunt quod Robertus de Burley cepit in excessu 
 
 pro fullacione pannorum contra formam statuti ii s. 
 
 • ••••••• 
 
 1 
 
 Item dicunt quod Alicia J que fuit vxor Ricardi le 
 Baxter de Long Eyton cepit in excessu contra formam 
 etc. in furnacione panis etc. dimidiam marcam. Item 
 dicunt quod Iohannes Staff J cepit in excessu contra 
 formam statuti etc. videlicet pro furnacione calceti per 
 vii annos iii s. iii d. Item dicunt quod Iohannes,| filius 
 Petri, cepit in excessu pro fraccione calcati contra for¬ 
 mam statuti etc. iii s. iiii d. 
 
 Altera Presentacio 
 
 Presentatum est quod Willelmus le Mulner,J falcator, 
 cepit in excessu contra formam statuti etc. xii d. 
 
 • ••••••• 
 
 Item dicunt quod Rogerus de Beaumanere, carpenter, 
 cepit in excessu contra formam statuti xl d. 
 
 • ••••••• 
 
 Item dicunt quod Thomas Woluet,J couper, cepit in 
 excessu contra formam statuti xii d. 
 
 Item dicunt quod Iohanna Welnet,f seruiens, cepit in 
 excessu contra formam statuti x d. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 164 * 
 
 Item dicunt quod Rogerus Clement,J melemaker, cepit 
 in excessu contra formam statuti iii d. 
 
 Item dicunt quod Ricardus de Hethcote, minour, cepit 
 in excessu contra formam statuti vi d. Item dicunt 
 quod Sampson le Minour,J cepit in excessu contra 
 formam statuti pro consimili vi d. 
 
 m. 2 d. Placita coram prefatis iusticiariis etc. apud Bau- 
 quell 1 die Lune proximo ante festum Sancti Petri ad 
 Vincula anno supradicto. 
 
 Scaresdale. 
 
 • • • • •••• 
 
 Item Ricardus Baxter,J Alicia, vxor eius,J Robertas, 
 Alius Roberti de Whatton,J Margeria, vxor Thome de 
 Ainslay, Thomas Cissor,J Cecilia Rauen,{ recesserunt 
 a seruicio in autumpno etc. 
 
 Item Rogerus Kugell,J saghier, et Iohannes Ganne,J 
 schawer, noluerunt laborare per diem et capiunt per 
 diem alter eorum v d. et prandium. 
 
 m. 3. Placita coram prefatis iusticiariis etc. apud Derb’ die 
 Mercurii proximo post festum Sancti Andree apostoli 
 anno supradicto xxxi 0 . 
 
 (Long list of presentments for receipt of excess 
 wages and prices.) 
 
 Repyngdon. 
 
 Item Elena,J vxor Thome Haicokene, non vult ser- 
 uire vicinos set aliis pro maiori salario etc. 
 m. 5. Placita coram prefatis iusticiariis etc. apud Derb’ 
 die Mercurii proximo post festum Sancti Marci ewan- 
 geliste anno xxxii do . 
 
 1 Now Bakewell. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 165 * 
 
 Item Iohannes Faucon,J Radulfus Whyte,J Willelmus 
 Husse,J conducunt messores et dant eis salarium ex- 
 cessiuum. 
 
 Item Rogerus de Melbourne,{ faber, renuit seruire vici- 
 nos et seruit extraneos causa excessiui etc. 
 
 Placita coram prefatis iusticiariis etc. apud Derb 5 die 
 Iovis proximo post festum Sancti Barnabe apostoli, 
 anno supradicto etc. 
 
 Item Iohannes,J filius Thome, Simon,J filius Thome, 
 Willelmus Baron,J 1 conduxerunt seruientes et mes¬ 
 sores in autumpno et optulerunt eis salarium exces- 
 sivum ad dampnum vicinorum. 
 
 DATES AND PLACES OF SESSIONS. 
 
 Sist year. 
 
 m. 1. Derby, 
 m. 1 d. 
 
 m. 2. 
 
 U 
 
 u 
 
 m. 2 d. 
 
 Bauquell. 
 
 Chesterfield. 
 
 m. 3. Derby. 
 
 Monday before St. Philip and St. James 
 (1 May). 
 
 Tuesday before St. Dunstan, archbishop 
 (19 May). 
 
 Monday after St. Barnabas (11 June). 
 
 Tuesday after St. Peter and St. Paul 
 (29 June). 
 
 Thursday before Translation of St. 
 Thomas Martyr (7 July). 
 
 Monday before St. Peter ad Vincula (1 
 Aug). 
 
 Saturday before Nativity B. V. M. (8 
 Sept.). 
 
 Thursday after St. Barnabas (11 June). 
 
 Wednesday after St. Andrew Apostle 
 (30 Nov.). 
 
 1 Nine others, all of whom paid fines. 
 
i66* 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 32nd year. 
 
 m.3 d. 1 Derby. Monday after Purification (2 Feb.). 
 
 m. 5. “ Wednesday after St. Mark (25 April). 
 
 Thursday after St. Barnabas (11 June). 
 
 J VI. Assize Roll, Devon, 195. 25-27 Edw. III. 8 membranes. 
 
 Inquisitiones et Indictamenta coram H. de Courteneye 
 et sociis suis. 
 
 m. 1. Devon’ 
 
 Dominus Rex mandauit literas suas patentes Hugoni 
 de Courteneye, conuti Deuon’, Willelmo de Shareshulle, 
 Iohanni de Stouford, Willelmo Daumarle, Ricardo de 
 Birton, Iohanni Dabernoun, Ricardo de Brankescombe 
 et Rogero Piperel ad inquirendum de feloniis etc. et ad 
 audiendum et terminandum in comitatu predicto secun¬ 
 dum tenorem literarum dicti domini Regis patencium 
 
 in presenti rotulo irrotulatarum in hiis verbis. 
 
 (then follows a copy of the letter patent of 15 March, 
 1351, appointing the above to the joint commission of 
 the peace and for labourers; see “ List of justices,” 
 app., B, 3). 
 
 Virtute cuius mandati iidem Hugo et socii sui iusti- 
 ciarii predicti inquisierunt et inquisiciones et indicta¬ 
 menta ceperunt prout patet in rotulis huic annexis. 
 
 m. 2. Deuon’ Item sequitur de inquisicionibus et indicta- 
 mentis captis coram Hugone de Courteneye, comite 
 Deuon’ et sociis suis iusticiariis domini Regis etc. apud 
 Barnestable, die Mercurii in festo Sancte Marie Mag¬ 
 dalene anno regni .... vicesimo quinto . . . 
 
 (Presentments by jurors. 
 
 Most of the offences recorded on this roll are fel¬ 
 onies.) 
 
 l M. 4 is much narrower and shorter, sewn into the bottom of m. 3, 
 and seems to be part of another roll. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 167 * 
 
 _r 1 <u 
 C (U . 
 
 >-,"3 & 
 
 o* o.ts B 
 
 2Q c jj 
 
 U 0-3 
 
 » s °* 
 
 §.•2 g, • 
 
 d, rt 0/) <u 
 ■ o fcuO^C 
 
 SScS 6 
 
 £ * 8 
 
 •.(/If/) 
 
 G 3 4> 
 
 O C W) 
 
 " c/3 —I 
 
 in ^ <U & 
 
 £« 3 > 
 
 bJO ^ c/2 
 <{) in r**" *3 
 C rd -Ej 
 
 2 £ ft a; 
 
 r_, o 9 £.o 
 H XI J 2 Po 
 
 H 2 p 4 
 
 m. 4. Deuon’ 
 
 Item dicunt quod Philippus Chopyn, Thomas 
 Bryan, Ricardus Doderugge, Willelmus Rugge et 
 Robertus Vaggescombe vi et armis et contra pacem 
 domini Regis venerunt die Sabbati xviii 0 die mensis 
 Maii anno Regis nunc xxv t0 apud Chepyngtoryton 
 et ibidem quemdam domum communitatis ville pre- 
 dicte intrauerunt, ostium dicte domi fregerunt et 
 cippum ibidem factum per preceptum iusticiariorum 
 secundum statutum domini Regis pro seruientibus 
 editum apud Westmonasterium ceperunt et aspor- 
 tarunt in execucionis statuti predicti retardacionem 
 et domini Regis contemptum. 
 
 1n 
 
 3 
 
 .H 
 
 c 3 
 
 £ 
 
 < 
 
 tn 
 
 3 
 
 -t—» 
 
 <l> 
 
 3 
 
 a 
 
 <D H 
 
 C/2 r>% 
 
 i-H 
 
 ."3 CTJ 
 
 Ph n 
 
 Inquisiciones et indictamenta capta coram Hugone 
 de Courteneye comite Deuon’ et sociis suis . . . apud 
 Exon’ die Mercurii post festum conuersionis Sancti 
 
 Pauli, anno regni . . . vicesimo sexto. 
 
 Item presentant quod Almaricus fitz Waryn, nuper 
 vicecomes Deuon’, die Lune proximo post festum In- 
 uencionis Sancte Crucis anno xxiii 0 colore ordinacionis 
 et statuti domini Regis de seruientibus, operariis et arti- 
 ficibus editorum cepit diuersos fines et redempciones 
 ad opus suum proprium, videlicet de Iohanne Greya xl 
 d., Ricardo Stone ii s., Willelmo Plokenet, fabro, v s., 
 et de aliis operariis et artificibus c s. 
 
 m. 5. Deuon’ 
 
 Item sequitur de inquisitionibus et indictamentis cap- 
 tis coram Hugone de Courteneye, comite Deuon’ et 
 sociis suis .... apud Exon’ die Lune proxima post 
 festum Sancti Swithini anno regni .... vicesimo sexto. 
 
 (Presentments by jurors.) 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 168* 
 
 i i 
 
 c *n 
 
 03 ^ 
 
 ’o ^ 
 
 z a 
 
 O *G 
 rt b/3 
 V) <U 
 
 • T"H r--< 
 
 Cx, <u 
 V G 
 
 CO 
 
 d 
 
 P 
 ♦—« 
 
 O 
 
 J 3 
 
 H 
 
 i-i ^ 
 
 Item dicunt quod quedam nauis de Ispania carcata 
 sale applicuit in portu de Plympmouthe die Sabbati 
 proximo ante festum Sancti Iacobi apostoli anno regni 
 Regis Edwardi tercii xxvi to ; et predictum sal per 
 magistrum et mercatores eiusdem nauis vendicione 
 fuit positum et Walterus Venour, Thomas de Fis- 
 shacre, Iohannes Sely et Simon Bogherewe per minas 
 et terrores eisdem magistro et mercatoribus per eos 
 illatas predictam nauem sic carcatam fecerunt duci ad 
 partes exteras ad graue dampnum domini Regis et 
 populi sui c li. Et quod predicti Walterus, Thomas, 
 Iohannes et Simon consueti sunt impedire aduentum 
 nauium carcatarum sale et aliarum mercandisarum 
 volencium applicare in portubus in comitatu Deuonie 
 et sunt communes forstallatores salis, piscium, ferri et 
 aliarum mercandisarum. Et quod predicti Walterus 
 et alii simul cum Ricardo de Wynkeleghe, Galfrido 
 Coche et Isabella Bolda de villa de Plympmouthe 
 emunt sal per vnam mensuram et vendunt per aliam 
 ad valenciam ccc li. in oppressionem populi. Item, 
 vendunt sal per minorem mensuram quam emunt 
 blada. Item, omnes predicti de villa de Plymmouthe 
 vendunt vina sua in ea carius quam debent capiendo 
 racionabile lucrum, videlicet, quamlibet lagenam ad ii d. 
 
 i * _r 
 
 8 fei 
 
 5^0 
 
 <v 
 
 6 
 
 (A 
 
 G 
 
 d 
 
 H 
 
 & 
 
 • <v 
 O nj 
 
 <L> U 
 
 CO 
 
 <u 
 
 G 
 
 co 
 CO 
 
 <U V. - 
 v-i bjO d 
 bJO 
 
 CO 
 
 £ O 
 
 !> jg O 
 
 Item dicunt quod Ricardus Knyghton de 
 Toryton, Iohannes Calwa, Willelmus Walle, 
 Iohannes Paryler de Chipyngtorynton (vacat 
 quia insufficiens), venditores vinorum, mede, et 
 aliorum victualium vendunt carnes plus quam 
 debent capiendo lucrum racionabile contra sta¬ 
 tu turn domini Regis de huiusmodi venditoribus 
 editum etc. 
 
 m. 8. Deuon’ 
 
 Inquisiciones et indictamenta capta coram Hugone de 
 Courteneye et sociis suis.apud Hatherlegh die 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 169 * 
 
 Lune in crastino Sanctorum Ciricii et Iulitte anno regni 
 .vicesimo septimo . . . 
 
 Item presentant quod vbi Robertus de Holeweye vir- 
 tute commissionis domini Regis ac precepti iusticiari- 
 orum cepit Margeriam Bagge, seruientem et operatri- 
 cem et earn iuxta formam mandati sui in cippis ponere 
 voluit apud Hatherlegh die Lune proximo post festum 
 Sancti Petroci anno regni Regis Edwardi xxvii to , venit 
 Robertus de Northleghe et cepit predictam Margeriam 
 de predicto Roberto Holeweye vi et armis et contra 
 pacem domini Regis, inpediendo mandatum domini 
 Regis. 
 
 DATES AND PLACES OF SESSIONS. 
 
 In addition to the three sessions printed, the roll includes 
 the following: 25 th year, Exeter, Monday after St. Peter ad 
 Vincula (1 Aug.) ; m. 3. 26 th year, Honiton, Wednesday after 
 St. Hilary (13 Jan.); m. 6. 27 th year, Barnstable, Monday 
 after St. Petrocus (4 June) ; m. 7. 
 
 J VII. Assize Roll, Essex, 268. 25 Edw. III. 27 membranes. 
 
 Praesentationes Juratorum. 
 
 It is difficult to determine the character of this roll. It is 
 full of presentments for offences against the statutes of labour¬ 
 ers, and while many of them are coram Rege presentments, 1 
 the note on m. 10 as to Hubert and House seems to prove that 
 at least some of the membranes include proceedings before the 
 justices of the peace and of labourers. On 6 May, 1352, they 
 were associated to the joint commission, from which Hubert 
 was removed on 10 Jan., 1353; see “List of justices/’ app., 
 B, 3. 
 
 1 For evidence that both this roll and Assize Roll, Essex, 267, contain 
 indictments coram Rege , cf. app., F, 1. 
 
 <D 
 
 C/3 
 
 3 
 
 <L> 
 
 ,0 • 
 o <L> 
 
 «•& 
 
 c/3 
 
 .£ ~ 
 ^ o 
 £ 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 170 * 
 
 m. I. 
 
 Trans- 
 
 gressio. 
 
 Trans- 
 
 gressio. 
 
 Trans- 
 
 gressio. 
 
 Trans- 
 
 gressio. 
 
 m. 7. 
 
 Hundredum de Chelmsford. 
 
 (Presentments by jurors.) 
 
 xii cim presentant quod Arnulphus le Hierde de 
 Maldon, nuper seruiens Iohannis Dodebroke, a festo 
 sancti Michaelis anno regni Regis nunc xxiiii 0 vsque 
 festum Sancti Michaelis proxime sequens xxv per i 
 annum et per i quarterium vnius anni proxime se¬ 
 quens et per totum illud tempus dictus Arnulphus 
 cepit vnum quarterium frumenti ad xii septimanas et 
 v solidos per annum pro stipendio suo. Item cepit a 
 festo Sancti Petri Aduincula vsque ad festum Natalis 
 Domini eodem tempore x s. vltra ea que superius 
 cepit. Et super hoc dictus Arnulphus ab officio suo 
 ante finem termini recessit ad dampnum dicti Iohannis 
 xl s. contra statutum etc. 
 
 Item presentant quod Robertus Grys de Daneweby, 
 pottere, facit ollas ereas et vendit ad triplex contra 
 statutum etc. quam solebat in oppressionem populi. 
 Item dicunt quod Iohannes Sextayn, iunior, sissor, 
 Iohannes Banestrat, cissor, Rogerus atte Tye de 
 Magna Badewe, capiunt salaria pro laboribus suis de 
 diuersis gentibus contra statutum etc. et hac tripliciter 
 quam capere consuebant. 
 
 Item dicunt quod Willelmus Denk, seruiens Galfridi 
 Fabri, le smyth, cepit de dicto Galfrido xx s. per 
 annum et est ad mensam et iuratus fuit coram Iohanne 
 de Sutton et sociis suis seruire secundum statutum 
 etc. vbi non caperet nisi viii s. etc. 
 
 Magna Inquisicio. 
 
 Item ils presentent qe par la ou ordeine est par 
 monsire Iohan de Sotton e ces compaignouns iustysis 
 nostre seignur le Roy qe nul draggere ne deuoit pren¬ 
 dre petit ostres apelles brodis en destruccion dil ewe 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES iyi * 
 
 la ou, Iohan Blood, Iohan Chercheman puisne 1 prys 
 Trans- teles petyte ostres en destruccioun del ewe nienf 
 gressio. counire esteaunt le ordinaunce auauntdit e refusunt 
 seruyr come ils soleuint faire cause de lour graunt 
 gayn. 
 
 Item ils presentent qe Thomas Morman de Tillyng- 
 ham est vn fauchour des prees e vn commun laborere 
 Trans- e ad prys de diuerce geanz outragousement pur son 
 gressio. louer puis cele temps qe il fust iure deuaunt monsire 
 Iohan de Stotton e ces compaignouns, ceste a sauoir 
 de Iohan Gold de Tillyngham e de Thomas Schort, e 
 des altres pur le acre de pree a faucher ix d. bien a 
 la mountance de xx s. ou plus outre ceo qe il deuoit 
 auoir pris par lestatut. 
 
 Item ils presentent qe Robert Totereg de Burnham, 
 laborer, Iohan Totereg, couerour des mesouns, Iohan 
 Boregh, laborer, Thomas Sare, laborer, refusunt 
 douerer ascun manere douereine saunz ceo qe ils 
 porrount prendre a double outre ceo qe est ordeine 
 par lestatut en enpouericement du puple. 
 
 • ••«•••• 
 
 m. 8. Magna Inquisicio. 
 
 Item ils presentent qe Iohan Gabon, vicare de Nasyng, 
 ne veut feare a nuly le sacrement des epposaylis si il 
 ne eyt de chescun baroun v s. ou vi s., e en ceste 
 manere par extorcioun ad le dit Iohan pris de Iohan 
 Wakerild iiii s. x d., de William Gurteber v s., de 
 Iohan Mabely ix s., e de plusours autres a la mount- 
 aunce de xx s. en oppressioun du puple attort et en- 
 cuntre la pes. 
 
 • ••••••• 
 
 Item presentant quod Johannes Hindercle cepit de sti- 
 
 1 Five others. 
 
172 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 pendio de Rectore de Perudon pro tempore Augusti 
 hoc anno contra statutum x s. 
 
 m. 9. Magna Inquisicio. 
 
 Trans- 
 
 gressio. 
 
 Item ils presentent qe Peris Poynaunt de Epyning est 
 un ten our de carwis 1 e prent ble e salarie encontre 
 lestatut. 
 
 Trans- 
 
 gressio. 
 
 Item ils presentent qe Iohan Skennere de Morton est 
 pelletere et vend pelure et gauns trocher encontre 
 lestatut. 
 
 m. 10. Magna Inquisicio. 
 
 (Many trespasses “contra pacem,” thefts etc.) 
 
 Trans- 
 
 gressio. 
 
 Trans- 
 
 gressio. 
 
 Item dicunt quod Iohannes Hankyn est communis 
 « 
 
 laborator et fuit in seruicio prioris de Hatfeld Regis 
 a festo Sancti Michaelis Archangeli anno Regis nunc 
 xxiiii t0 vsque festum Pasche tunc proxime sequens 
 per dimidium annum ad mensam dicti prioris. Et 
 cepit de eodem priore pro stipendio dimidii anni xviii 
 s. contra statutum domini Regis de laboratoribus et 
 artificibus ordinatum. 
 
 Item dicunt quod Iohannes Hardrybb Pypere de 
 Parua Waltham est communis laborator et capit ex- 
 cessiue contra statutum domini Regis de laboratoribus 
 et artificibus ordinatum, videlicet, capit per diem iiii d. 
 Et eciam idem Iohannes de seruicio Iohannis Clyue 
 ante terminum suum contra statutum domini Regis 
 recedit. Et eciam idem Iohannes statutum domini 
 Regis de laboratoribus et artificibus ordinatum con- 
 tradicit in contemptum Regis et in fauorem 2 aliorum 
 laboratorum. 
 
 Prima cedula liberatur per Thomam Hubert et I. 
 House. 
 
 1 Probably a ploughman; cf. “tentor caruce," pt. ii, ch. ii, s. 4. 
 s MS. fauore. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 173 
 
 * 
 
 VIII. Assize Roll, Hereford, 312. 29-31 Edw. III. 8 mem¬ 
 
 branes. 
 
 Placita (de Operariis, etc.) coram Willelmo de Frome 
 et aliis. 
 
 Writ attached to the roll: 
 
 Edwardus, Dei gracia Rex Anglie et Francie et dominus Hi- 
 bernie dilectis et fidelibus suis Willelmo Frome et sociis suis 
 ad statuta de artificibus, laboratoribus et seruientibus ac de 
 ponderibus et mensuris abusis edita conseruanda in comitatu 
 Hereford’ assignatis, salutem. Cum certis de causis per breue 
 nostrum vobis mandauerimus quod execucioni commissionis 
 nostre vobis de premissis facte vlterius faciende supersederetis, 
 vobis mandamus firmiter iniungentes quod omnia recorda, rotu- 
 los, memoranda et processus sessiones vestras de premissis tan- 
 gencia nobis in cancellariam nostram citra quindenam Sancti 
 Hillarii proxime futuram vel in eadem quindena ad vltimum, 
 mittatis et hoc breue. Et hoc sub pena centum librarum nuila- 
 tenus omittatis. 
 
 Teste Thoma filio nostro carissimo custode Anglie apud 
 Westmonasterium, quinto die Nouembris, anno regni nostri 
 Anglie tricesimo tercio, regni vero nostri Francie vicesimo. 
 
 The first membrane contains a copy of a letter patent, dated 
 2 Sept., 29 Edw. Ill, appointing Frome, Oldecastel and Mony- 
 ton justices of labourers and of weights and measures; the 
 Patent Rolls for this year show duplicate commissions, dated 
 2 Oct. and 20 Dec. respectively; see “List of justices,” app., 
 
 B, 3- 
 
 m. 1. Pretextu cuius commissionis preceptum est vicecomiti 
 quod venire faciat coram nobis apud Hereford’ die Lune 
 proxima post festum Natiuitatis beate Marie proxime 
 futurum viginti et quatuor probos et legales homines de 
 quibuslibet ciuitate et hundredo tocius comitatus, con- 
 stabulos et subconstabulos pacis ad audiendum et faci¬ 
 endum quod ex parte domini Regis eis esset iniungen- 
 dum. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 Placita coram Willelmo cle Frome, Iohanne de Oldecastel et 
 Hu gone de Monynton iusticiariis domini Regis ad ordinacionem 
 et statutum de operariis et artificibus in comitatu Hereford' 
 conseruanda assignatis apud Hereford’ die Lune proximo post 
 festum Natiuitatis beate Marie anno regni Regis Edwardi tercii 
 a conquestu vicesimo nono. 
 
 Preceptum fuit vicecomiti quod venire faceret coram nobis 
 hie ad hunc diem viginti probos et legales homines de quibus- 
 libet ciuitate et hundredo tocius comitatus, constabularies et 
 subconstabularios pacis ad audiendum et faciendum quod ex 
 parte domini Regis eis esset iniungendum. 
 
 Et modo vicecomes respondet quod mandatum istud in om¬ 
 nibus est executum. 
 
 Hereford’. 
 
 Iuratores presentant quod Iohannes Monyword de Hereford, 
 textor, cepit de Iohanne Spicer de eadem excessum pro artificio 
 suo anno xxviii 0 , videlicet pro vlna ii d. obolum, et quod est 
 communis captor excessus. . . . 
 
 Nicholaus le Webbe, textor, Robertus Plassh, textor, . . . . 1 
 ceperunt plus pro artificio suo contra ordinacionem etc., quam 
 capere solebant annis regni Regis Edwardi tercii xx et xxi, et 
 sunt communes et notorii captores excessus. 
 
 (One hundred and two 2 other individuals are presented for 
 similar offences, representing the following occupations: car- 
 pentarius, daubere, filatrix, communis operarius, kembestere, 
 communis operatrix, netrix, operarius diurnus, aquebanilatrix, 
 cardestere, seruiens triennalis, textor, hokkestere, cissor, four- 
 bour, falcator, textrix, triturator, skynnere, shapestere, mestrix, 
 menbranator, cirotecarius, fullo, tegulator.) 
 
 Ideo preceptum est vicecomiti quod venire faciat omnes pre- 
 nominatos artifices, operarios et seruitores coram nobis hie die 
 Martis sequente ad respondendum domino Regi de excessubus 
 et transgressionibus predictis. Et omnes predicti textores, ful- 
 
 1 Eight other “ textores.” 
 
 s One hundred and twelve in all therefore. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 175 * 
 
 lones et carpentarii gratis veniunt et allocuti qualiter se velint 
 acquietare de excessubus et transgressionibus de quibus indic- 
 tati sunt vt patet supra, excessus non dedicunt, se[d] petunt se 
 admitti in graciam domini Regis. Et admissi sunt ad finem 
 
 faciendum etc. Plegii de finibus. 
 
 (Five pledges are named; then follow the sums of the fines 
 of 43 delinquents, beginning with Iohannes Monyword, 10 s.; 
 half mark, 5 s., 2 s., 5 s., 40 d., 12 d., 15 d., 3 s., 3 s., 2 s., 2 s., 
 half mark, 3 s., 40 d., 40 d., 3 s., 3 s., 2 s., 6 d., 6 d., 6 d., 
 40 d., 18 d., 2 s., 2 s., 12 d., 2 s., 12 d., 2 s., 12 d., 4 s., 40 d., 
 half mark, 4 s., 8 s., 12 d., 4 s., 8 s., half mark, 8 s., 12 d., 3 s.) 
 
 m. 1 d. Placita coram prefatis iusticiariis apud Hereford’, 
 die Martis proxima post festum Natiuitatis beate Marie, 
 anno supradicto. 
 
 (The sheriff is ordered to produce the rest of those 
 indicted.) Et modo vicecomes respondet per returnum 
 Walteri de Ayleston, balliui libertatis ville Herefordie, 
 quod omnes predicti plastarii, tegulatores, Rogerus de 
 Stafford 1 et cirotecarii attachiati sunt etc. Et de om¬ 
 nibus aliis operariis, seruitoribus et artificibus respon¬ 
 det quod nichil habent per quod possunt attachiari. 
 Ideo preceptum est vicecomiti quod capiat predictos 
 operarios, seruitures et artifices et eos saluo custodiri 
 [faciat] ita quod habeat corpora eorum hie coram nobis 
 die Mercurii proxime sequente ad respondendum dom¬ 
 ino Regi de transgressionibus et excessubus predictis. 
 Et Rogerus de Stafford et omnes alii plastarii, tegula¬ 
 tores et cirotecarii veniunt et allocuti qualiter se ac- 
 quietabunt de excessubus et transgressionibus de quibus 
 indictati sunt respondent et dicunt quod non sunt cul- 
 pabiles et super hoc ponunt se super patriam. Post- 
 modum predictus Rogerus et omnes alii per iusticiarios 
 examinati separatim de excessubus predictis eosdem 
 excessus non dedicunt. Et quia compertum est pre- 
 
 1 “ Menbranator the only one. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 176 * 
 
 dictum Rogerum et omnes alios transgressiones suas 
 recognouisse, ideo adiudicantur prisone quousque finem 
 fecerint de predictis excessubus. Et predicti Rogerus 
 et alii finem fecerunt pro excessubus suis per plegium 
 Henrici Baggere, Willelmi Carles et cuiuslibet alterius, 
 videlicet, Rogerus de Stafford, ii s. (Twenty-four 
 names follow of delinquents fined various sums: 6 d., 
 12 d., 2 s., 6 d., 6 d., half mark, 1 40 d., 2 s., 2 s., 
 12 d., 12 d., 12 d., 12 d., 12 d., 12 d., 6 d., 12 d., 
 2 s., 2 s., 2 s., 2 s., 4 s., 4 s., 12 d.) 
 
 Placita coram prefato Willelmo et sociis suis iusticia- 
 riis etc. apud Hereford’, die Mercurii proximo post 
 festum beate Marie anno supradicto. 
 
 (Sheriff ordered to produce those who could not be 
 attached.) Et modo vicecomes respondet per Wal- 
 terum de Ayleston balliuum libertatis ville Hereford’ 
 quod Cristina atte Walle (etc.) . . . 2 capti sunt etc. 
 Et de omnibus aliis operariis, seruientibus et artificibus 
 respondet quod non inuenti sunt etc. Ideo preceptum 
 est vicecomiti quod exigi faciat omnes prenominatos 
 operarios et seruientes de comitatu in comitatum quous¬ 
 que etc. si non comparuerint, et si comparuerint tunc 
 eos capiat et saluo etc. quod habeat corpora eorum hie 
 coram nobis, die Lune proximo post festum Purifica- 
 cionis beate Marie Virginis ad respondendum domino 
 Regi de transgressionibus et excessubus contra statutum 
 domini Regis etc. 
 
 m. 2. (Christina atte Walle (6 d.), Philippus Ewyas (12 
 d.) etc., 3 who had been “ capti,” had pleaded not 
 guilty and asked for a trial by jury.) 
 
 Ideo preceptum est vicecomiti quod venire faciat 
 coram nobis hie ad diem Veneris proximum post festum 
 
 1 A tiler. 2 Fifteen others^see supra , p. 175*. 
 
 3 The fourteen others just referred to; all have fines entered over their 
 
 names. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 *77 
 
 * 
 
 Sancte Lucie Virginis xii liberos et legales homines de 
 visneto de Hereford’ et qui predictos Cristinam, Philip- 
 pum et alios nulla affinitate attingant ad faciendum 
 recognicionem illam. Et interim predicti Cristina, 
 Philippus et alii liberantur per iusticiarios per manu- 
 capcionem Iohannis de Maurdyn, Iohannis Whitfeld et 
 Eawardi le Webbe. Ad quern diem Veneris predicti 
 Cristina, Philippus et alii veniunt. Et iurati de con¬ 
 sensu parcium electi et triati veniunt et dicunt quod 
 omnes predicti sunt culpabiles de excessubus predictis. 
 Ideo consideratum est quod predicti indictati commit- 
 tantur prisone quousque finem fecerint etc. Et vlterius 
 iidem iurati onerantur ad plenius inquirendum de oper- 
 ariis, seruitoribus et artificibus etc. iuxta formam ordi- 
 nacionis et statuti domini Regis inde factorum, et ad 
 reddendum veredictum suum inde hie coram nobis die 
 Sabbati proxime sequente sub periculo quod etc. Et 
 Cristina atte Walle et omnes alii finem faciunt cum 
 domino Rege pro excessubus predictis. 
 
 Plegii de fine continentur in extractis et fines eorum 
 intitulantur supra etc. 
 
 Placita coram prefatis iusticiariis apud Hereford’ die 
 Sabbati proximo post festum Sancte Lucie Virginis 
 anno supradicto. 
 
 (Meanwhile there had been more presentments of 
 “ seruientes et operarii ” for receipt of excess wages.) 
 
 Ideo preceptum est vicecomiti quod venire faciat 
 omnes prenominatos seruientes et operarios hie coram 
 nobis die Veneris proximo post festum Sancti Hillarii 
 ad respondendum domino Regi de exitubus predictis. 
 Ad quern diem Veneris vicecomes respondet per Wal- 
 terum de Aileston balliuum libertatis ville Hereford’ 
 quod Henricus le Hope 1 (etc.) nichil habent per quod 
 
 1 Twenty-five others. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 178 * 
 
 possint attachiari. Ideo preceptum est vicecomiti quod 
 capiat predictos Henricum, Isabellam et omnes alios si 
 etc., et eos saluo etc. ita quod liabeat corpora eorum 
 hie coram nobis die Sabbati proxime sequente ad re¬ 
 spondendum domino Regi de placito predicto. Et de 
 aliis respondet quod attachiati sunt etc. Et . . . . veni- 
 unt.' Et allocuti qualiter se acquietabunt de excessu- 
 bus etc. dicunt quod non sunt inde culpabiles. Et po- 
 nunt se super patriam. Ideo preceptum est vicecomiti 
 quod venire faciat hie coram nobis ad diem Sabbati in 
 crastino xii liberos et legales homines de ciuitate Here¬ 
 ford’ qui nec predictos etc. ad faciendum recognicionem 
 illam. Et idem dies datus est partibus predictis. Ad 
 quern diem Sabbati predicti seruientes et operarii veni- 
 unt et iurati remanent in defectu Ricardi de Aileston 
 (vi d.), Iohannis le Tannere (vi d.), Thome Loue (vi 
 d.), Iohannis de Brugge (vi d.), Thome Salesbury (vi 
 d.) et Henrici Clere (vi d.). Ideo ipsi et manucap- 
 tores eorum 1 in misericordia. Et preceptum est vice¬ 
 comiti quod distringat predictos Ricardum, Iohannem 
 etc. iuratos per omnes terras etc. Ita quod etc. et quod 
 de exhibits etc. Et quod habeat corpora eorum hie 
 coram nobis die Lune proxima post festum Sancti 
 Mathie Apostoli ad faciendum recognicionem illam. 
 Et vicecomes apponit sex tales ne etc. Et idem dies 
 
 datus est ceteris iuratis et partibus predictis. 
 
 Et modo vicecomes respondet per predictum balliuum 
 quod omnes predicti non sunt inuenti etc. Ideo pre¬ 
 ceptum est vicecomiti quod exigi faciat omnes predictos 
 seruientes [et] operarios de comitatu in comitatum 
 quousque secundum legem et consuetudinem regni An- 
 glie vtlagentur et wayventur si non etc. Et si com- 
 paruerint etc. tunc eos capiat et saluo etc. ita quod 
 habeat corpora eorum hie coram nobis die Veneris 
 proximo post festum Sancte Trinitatis ad responden¬ 
 dum domino Regi de excessubus predictis. 
 
 1 MS. eius. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 179 * 
 
 Iohanna Fetitz, Matillis, vxor Bartholomei Pipe, et 
 plures alii qui indictati sunt supra de excessubus et ea 
 occasione in exigendo positi vt patet supra in processu 
 facto die Mercurii post festum Nativitatis beate Marie 
 anno xxix, 1 reddiderunt se interim et fecerunt finem 
 cum domino Rege pro excessubus predictis vt patet in 
 rotulo de finibus et amerciamentis. 
 
 m. 2 d. Placita coram prefatis Willelmo, Iohanne et Hugone 
 iusticiariis etc. apud Hereford’ die Lune proximo post 
 festum Sancti Mathie apostoli anno 1 . . . xxx m0 . 
 
 (Sheriff who had been ordered to distrain the delin¬ 
 quent jurors replied) : quod mandauit balliuis libertatis 
 ville Hereford’ qui habent returnum omnium breuium 
 qui nichil inde fecerunt. Ideo preceptum est vicecomiti 
 quod non omittat propter libertatem predictam quin in- 
 grediatur et distringat predictos iuratores per omnes 
 terras et catalla sua etc., et quod habeat corpora eorum 
 hie coram nobis die Martis proxime sequente ad faci¬ 
 endum iuratam illam, et vicecomes apponit sex tales etc. 
 ne etc. Et predictus Philippus Heen 2 et omnes alii 
 veniunt. Et idem dies Martis datus est eis ad audien- 
 dum veredictum suum. Et interim Willelmus le Hos- 
 tilere et Alicia vxor eius 3 . . . qui se posuerunt in 
 inquisicionem illam veniunt et ponunt se in graciam 
 domini Regis etc. Plegii de finibus. ... 4 
 
 Adhuc placita coram prefatis iusticiariis apud Here¬ 
 ford’ die Martis proximo post festum Sancti Mathie 
 apostoli, anno supradicto. 
 
 Philippus Heen et Matillis vxor eius .... 6 qui se 
 posuerunt in inquisicionem modo veniunt et iuratores 
 electi et triati veniunt et dicunt quod omnes predicti 
 sunt culpabiles de excessubus predictis. Et omnes pre- 
 
 1 Supra, p. 176*. 2 See supra , p. 178*. 
 
 3 Eleven others; see ibid. 4 Seven pledges named. 
 
 ‘Twenty-six others; see supra , p. 178*. 
 
i8o * 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 dicti veniunt et petunt se admitti ad finem faciendum 
 pro excessubus illis. Et admissi sunt per plegium . . . 1 
 vt plenius patet in extractis. 
 
 Henricus le Hopere . . . 2 in exigendo positi, vt patet 
 supra, modo veniunt et reddunt se iusticie. Et petunt 
 se admitti in graciam domini Regis pro excessubus pre¬ 
 dicts. Et admissi sunt in graciam per plegium . . . 3 
 et aliorum quorum nomina plenius continentur in ex¬ 
 tractis. 
 
 Adhuc placita coram prefatis iusticiariis apud Here¬ 
 ford’, die Veneris in septimana Trinitatis, anno supra- 
 dicto. 
 
 Preceptum fuit vicecomiti quod exigere faceret Hen- 
 ricum le Hopere . . . 4 de comitatu in comitatum etc. 
 quousque si non etc. Et si comparuerint etc. tunc eos 
 caperet. . . . Et modo vicecomes respondet quod omnes 
 predictos exigi fecit de comitatu in comitatum etc., 
 videlicet ad comitatum tentum in castro Herefordie die 
 Sabbati proximo post festum Sancti Vincencii anno 
 .... xxix primo exacti fuerunt et non comparuerunt; 
 ad comitatum tentum in eodem castro Herefordie die 
 Sabbati proximo post festum Sancti Valentini anno 
 . . . xxx, secundo exacti fuerunt. Et Henricus le Ho¬ 
 pere ... 6 comparuerunt et tulerunt sibi mandatum 
 predictorum iusticiariorum de supersedendo. Et ideo 
 nichil vlterius de eis actum fuit. Processus quorum 
 patet supra. Et respondet quod omnes alii non com¬ 
 paruerunt ad comitatum tentum in eodem castro die 
 Sabbati proxima post festum Sancti Gregorii Pape 
 anno xxx; [ideo] tercio exacti fuerunt, et non com¬ 
 paruerunt ad comitatum tentum in eodem castro die 
 Sabbati in septimana Passionis Domini anno supra- 
 dicto; [ideo] quarto exacti fuerunt. Et Iohannes de 
 
 1 Seven pledges. 1 Fourteen others; see supra , pp. 177*—1 78*. 
 
 * Nine pledges. 4 Twenty-five others; see supra , pp. I77* -I 78*. 
 
 5 Fourteen others; see note 2. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 181 * 
 
 Webbeleye ... 1 comparuerunt et reddiderunt se pris- 
 one domini Regis etc. Et Ricardus de Oxneford, 
 Thomas de Brechonia et Dauid de Wyggenore non 
 comparuerunt, ideo in pleno comitatu presentibus coro- 
 natoribus vtlagati fuerunt. Et omnes predicti Iohannes 
 de Webbeleye et alii veniunt et allocuti qualiter se 
 velint acquietare . . . ponunt se in graciam domini 
 Regis etc. Plegii de finibus. 2 
 
 3 d. Placita apud Bodenham coram prefatis iusticiariis 
 die Sabbathi proxima post festum Sancti Bartholomei 
 apostoli anno xxx mo . 
 
 Preceptum fuit vicecomiti quod venire faceret coram 
 nobis hie ad hunc diem xx probos et legales homines 
 de villatis de Bodenham, Maurdyn, et Sutton ad audi- 
 endum et faciendum quod ex parte domini Regis eis 
 esset iniungendum. Et modo vicecomes mandat quod 
 mandatum istud in omnibus est executum. 
 
 Iurati presentant quod Margeria le Webbe (xii d.), 
 Isabella Don (vi d.), Walterus le Walsh (xii d.), Isa¬ 
 bella, vxor eius (vi d.), Agnes Bogge (vi d.) et Alicia 
 le Honte (vi d.), textrices et shappesters de Boden¬ 
 ham, Iohannes Wys (ii s.), Gilbertus, frater eius (xviii 
 d.), Willelmus le Holdare (xii d.), Stephanus le Swon 
 (xii d.), cissores; Iohannes le Coke (xii d.), Willel¬ 
 mus le Walkare (ii s.), fullonarius; Iohannes le Sou- 
 tore (xii d.), Iohannes Don, senior (xii d.), Iohannes 
 Mody (xii d.), sutores; Iohannes Stelle (ii s.), Wil¬ 
 lelmus Baderon (ii s.), Walterus Fillott (xii d.), tri- 
 turarii; Iohannes Senegere (iii s.), Phillippus Potel 
 (xii d.), Walterus le Soutere (xii d.), Iohannes Illing 
 (xii d.), Iohannes le Shepherde (xii d.), falcator; Io¬ 
 hannes Ferthing (xii d.), Iohannes Boidekyn (xii d.) ; 
 Iohannes le Smyth (viii d.), fabri; Rogerus le Whyte 
 (xii d.), Iohannes Kempe (xii d.), Willelmus le Smyth 
 
 Seven others; see supra , pp. I77* -I 78*. * Five pledges. 
 
l82 * 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 (xii cL), Iohannes Keysham (vi d.), Iohannes Cole- 
 brugge (ii s.), Iohannes le Beest (ii s.), Walterus le 
 Taillour (ii s.), Walterus Blanchard, Iohannes Blisse, 
 Hugo Symondes (xii d.), Willelmus le Longe (xii d.), 
 messores, seruientes et operarii de eadem villata. 
 
 Item presentant quod Iohanna Sterre (xii d.), Mir- 
 cus Prat (xii d.), Iohanna Goche (xii d.), Alicia in le 
 More (x d.), Alicia, vxor Iohannis le Holdere (vi d.), 
 textrices et Matrices de villata de Maurdyn, Stephanus le 
 Webbe (vi d.), Walterus le Smyth (xviii d.), Ricardus 
 Hoseye (vi d.), Dauid, seruiens Willelmi le Walkare 
 (xii d.), fullonarii; Walterus in le Lone (vi d.), Wil¬ 
 lelmus Love (xii d.), Ricardus Dygon, Rogerus Meysey 
 (xii d.), Walterus le Longe (xii d.), cissores; Rogerus 
 le Webbe (xii d.), Iohannes le Walshknaue (xl d.), 
 Thomas Pouke (xl d.), carnifices; Iohanna in le More 
 (xii d.), et Alicia Loue (xii d.), seruientes, plus cepe- 
 runt pro artificiis et seruiciis suis etc. 
 
 Item presentant quod Rogerus le Webbe, Ricardus 
 Chede, textores; Walterus de Nasshe, Walterus, seru¬ 
 iens Roberti Knyth, Iohannes le Walsch et Willelmus 
 Walford, seruientes et operarii de villata de Sutton, 
 Agnes Thorald, Alicia de Stone, Isabella, vxor Roberti 
 le Dryuere, et Margeria Gladewyn, messores de eadem 
 villata, plus ceperunt pro seruiciis et artificiis contra 
 ordinacionem etc. quam solebant annis ante pestilen- 
 ciam etc. ideo etc. Et omnes predicti seruientes et arti¬ 
 fices de villatis de Bodenham et Maurdyn gratis veniunt 
 et ponunt se in graciam domini Regis, preter Iohannem 
 le Blys, Walterum Blanchard et Ricardum Dygun. Et 
 ipsi non veniunt. Ideo preceptum est vicecomiti quod 
 venire faciat predictos Iohannem (vi s.), Walterum (ii 
 s.) et Ricardum Dygun ac eciam Rogerum le Webbe 
 (xii d.) Ricardum Chede (xii d.), Walterum de Nasshe 
 (xii d.), Walterum, seruientem Roberti Knyth (xii 
 d.), Iohannem le Walsch (xii d.), Willelmum Walford 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 183 * 
 
 (xii d.), Agnetem Thorald (xii d.), Aliciam de Stone 
 (xii d.), Isabellam, vxorem Roberti le Dryuer (xii d.), 
 et Margeriam Gladewyn, seruientes etc. coram nobis 
 apud Sutton die Lune proximo post festum Sancti 
 Egidii ad respondendum domino Regi de excessubus 
 predictis. 
 
 Et omnes predicti seruientes et operarii de villatis de 
 Bodenham et Maurdyn qui se posuerunt in graciam 
 domini Regis veniunt et faciunt finem, plegii de fine 
 Hugo Hayward . . . et plures alii sunt quorum nomina 
 patent in extractis. 
 
 Ad quern diem Lune proximum post festum Sancti 
 Egidii, Iohannes Blys (vi d.), Walterus Blanchard (ii 
 s.), Ricardus Dygun et omnes alii seruientes et operarii 
 de villata de Sutton attachiati sunt preter Margeriam 
 Gladewyn et de ipsa vicecomes respondet quod nichil 
 habet per quod potest attachiari: ideo preceptum est 
 vicecomiti quod capiat prefatam Margeriam si etc. et 
 ipsam saluo etc. Ita quod habeat corpus eius coram 
 nobis hie ad diem Martis sequentem ad respondendum 
 domino Regi de excessubus predictis. Et omnes alii 
 veniunt et ponunt se in graciam domini Regis, preter 
 Ricardum Dygun et Walterum de Nasshe qui veniunt 
 et allocuti qualiter se acquietabunt de transgressionibus 
 et excessubus vnde indictati sunt, dicunt quod in nullo 
 sunt culpabiles et de hoc ponunt se super patriam. 
 Ideo preceptum est vicecomiti quod venire faciat hie 
 coram nobis ad diem Martis proxime sequentem xii 
 liberos et legales homines de visneto de Maurdyn et 
 Sutton qui nec etc. ad faciendum iuratam illam. Et 
 predicti Iohannes Blys et alii qui se posuerunt veniunt 
 et faciunt finem per plegium Iohannis Lene. ... 1 
 
 Ad quern diem Martis, predicti Margeria Gladewyn 
 (xii d.), Ricardus Dygun (xii d.), et Walterus de 
 Nasshe (xii d.) veniunt et petunt se admitti ad finem 
 
 ^ive others named. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 184 * 
 
 faciendum cum domino Rege. Et admissi sunt, plegii 
 de fine Philippus le Bailiff, Ricardus Tudeneye et Wal- 
 terus, filius Willelmi de Stoke. 
 
 m. 4 d. Placita coram prefatis iusticiariis apud Hereford’, 
 die Sabbati in septimana Pasche, anno xxx mo . 
 
 (The sheriff had been ordered to exact John de la 
 Chirch, Isabel Wynne, Robert le Tyeler, Peter le Smyth 
 and Philip le Walsh in the county court. They ap¬ 
 peared at the county court held at Hereford Castle on 
 Saturday before Christmas, 29 th year (first time ex¬ 
 acted) and surrendered themselves to prison. They 
 plead not guilty and ask for a jury:) 
 
 Set postea iidem seruientes et operarii per sacramenta 
 sua astricti excessus suos sponte recognoscunt. 
 
 m. 5 d. Adhuc placita coram prefatis iusticiariis apud Alma- 
 lie 1 die Mercurii proximo post festum Sancti Marci 
 evangile anno .... xxx mo . 
 
 (A long list of delinquents indicted for excess wages 
 had asked for a jury:) 
 
 Et postea iidem seruientes et operarii per examina- 
 cionem iusticiariorum per eorum recognicionem de ex- 
 cessubus predictis sunt conuicti et prisone domini Regis 
 mancipati; postmodum faciunt finem pro excessubus 
 predictis per plegium etc. 
 
 (m. 6 and m. 6 d contain presentments and processes similar 
 to those already given.) 
 
 m. 7. Et quia compertum est 2 Iohannem le Taylor, Hen- 
 
 ricum le Taylor, et Iohannem Hichemones iuxta eorum 
 recognicionem propriam alias fuisse convictos de huius- 
 modi excessubus coram R. Talbot et socii suis etc., 
 
 1 Now Almeley; on this occasion eighteen jurors had been summoned. 
 
 3 MS. has “quod” after “est.” 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 185 * 
 
 ideo consideratum est quod habeant prisonam quadra- 
 ginta dierum et committantur vicecomiti custodiendi. 
 
 m. 8. Placita apud Hereford’ die Sabbati proximo post 
 festum Annunciacionis beate Marie, anno xxx. 
 
 Ricardus le Murie (vi d.) querens optulit se in 
 placito conuencionis contra statutum versus Iohannem 
 nuper seruientem Rogeri le Cat, plegius de pros- 
 equendo Willelmus Esegar. 
 
 Et predictus Iohannes venit et querens non est prose- 
 Miseri- cutus. Ideo ipse et plegii sui de prosequendo in 
 cordia. misericordia. 
 
 Stephanus, nuper seruiens Dauid ap Ieunan, attachia- 
 tus est ad respondendum predicto Dauid de placito 
 conuencionis contra statutum vnde idem Dauid quer- 
 itur et dicit quod predictus Stephanus conuenit cum 
 predicto Dauid die Lune proximo post festum Natalis 
 Domini anno xxix apud Scholle quod sibi deseruiret 
 a festo Annunciacionis tunc sequente vsque festum 
 Sancti Michaelis proxime sequens in officio tentoris 
 capiendo salarium iuxta formam statuti etc. Et inde 
 producit sectam. 
 
 Et predictus Stephanus venit et defendit vim iniuriam 
 et dampnum, et dicit quod nullam fecit conuencionem 
 cum predicto Dauid sicut idem supponit etc. et paratus 
 est hoc verificare etc. 
 
 Ideo preceptum est vicecomiti quod venire faciat 
 coram nobis hie ad diem Sabbati proxime sequentem 
 xii liberos et legales homines de visneto de Scholle 
 qui nec etc. ad faciendum iuratam illam. 
 
 • ••••••• 
 
 Willelmus le Shipward querens optulit se per plegium 
 Iohannis Dasely versus Iohannem Westwales de pla¬ 
 cito convencionis etc. vnde queritur et dicit quod pre¬ 
 dictus Iohannes conuenit cum predicto Willelmo die 
 Lune proximo post festum Sancti Fabiani apud By¬ 
 ford quod sibi deseruiret a festo Annunciacionis beate 
 
186 * 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 Marie anno xxx° vsque festum Sancti Michaelis prox- 
 ime sequens in officio fugatoris capiendo etc. [et] idem 
 Iohannes a seruicio ipsius Willelmi se elongauit, vnde 
 Willelmus deterioratus est et dampnum [habet] ad 
 valenciain dimidie marce. Et predictus Iohannes venit 
 et conuencionem non dedicit. Ideo consideratum est 
 quod predictus Willelmus [habeat], 1 dampna sua que 
 taxantur per iusticiarios ad ii s. vi d. et predictus 
 Miseri- Iohannes (vi d.) in misericordia, plegius Iohannes de 
 cordia. Kynarde. 
 
 m. 8 d. Placita apud Hereford’, coram prefatis iusticiariis 
 die Sabbati proximo ante festum Sancti Georgii, anno 
 supradicto. 
 
 Preceptum fuit vicecomiti quod venire faceret coram 
 nobis hie ad hunc diem xii liberos et legales homines 
 de visneto de Scholle qui nec Dauid ap Ieunan nec 
 Stephanum nuper seruientem suum aliqua affinitate 
 attingant, ad recognoscendum super sacramentum 
 suum si idem Stephanus conuenit cum predicto Dauid 
 ad sibi deseruiendum etc., vt patet supra vel non etc. 
 Et modo vicecomes respondet quod mandatum hoc est 
 executum, et partes et iurati veniunt qui dicunt quod 
 predictus Stephanus nullam fecit conuencionem etc. 
 Ideo consideratum est quod predictus Dauid (iiii d.) 
 sit in misericordia et predictus Stephanus eat sine die. 
 
 DATES AND PLACES OF SESSIONS. 
 
 Dates marked J are those ascertained by the words “ ad 
 quern diem, etc.,” but where the roll has no heading; dates in 
 brackets are those on which the sheriff is to have the accused 
 but which are not followed by “ ad quern diem.” 
 
 1 MS. torn. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 m. i. Hereford, 
 m. i d. “ 
 
 U 
 
 [ “ 
 m. 2. $ “ 
 
 u 
 
 t “ 
 t " 
 
 m. 2 d. 
 
 29th year. 
 
 30 th year. 
 
 
 m. 3. { Norton. 29 th year. 
 
 { Foxeleye. 
 
 Bourghull. 
 
 J Hereford. 
 
 J Kyngestone. 30 th year. 
 
 t “ 
 
 [Hereford. 
 
 m. 3 d. [Kyngestone. 
 
 Bodenham. 
 
 $ Sutton. 
 
 Monday after Nativity of 
 Blessed Mary (8 Sept.). 
 Tuesday ditto. 
 
 Wednesday ditto. 
 
 Monday after Purification 
 (2 Feb.).] 
 
 Friday after St. Lucy (13 
 Dec.). 
 
 Saturday ditto. 
 
 Friday after St. Hilary (13 
 Jan.). 
 
 Saturday ditto. 
 
 Monday after St. Mathias 
 (24 Feb.). 
 
 Tuesday ditto. 
 
 Friday in week of Holy 
 Trinity. 
 
 Thursday after All Saints’ 
 (1 Nov.). 
 
 Tuesday after St. Martin 
 (11 Nov.). 
 
 Wednesday ditto. 
 
 Saturday after St. Hilary 
 
 (13 J an -)- 
 
 Monday after Nativity St. 
 John the Baptist (24 
 June). 
 
 Tuesday ditto. 
 
 Friday after St. Lawrence 
 (10 Aug.).] 
 
 Saturday after St. Clement, 
 Pope (23 Nov.).] 
 Saturday after St. Barthol¬ 
 omew (24 Aug.). 
 Monday after St. Giles (1 
 Sept.). 
 
 Tuesday ditto. 
 
188* 
 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 m. 4. 
 
 $ Ledebury. 
 
 a 
 
 if 
 
 29 th year. 
 
 Monday after St. Michael 
 (29 Sept.). 
 
 Tuesday ditto. 
 
 m. 4 d. 
 
 Hereford. 
 
 Ledebury. 
 
 a. « 
 
 t 
 
 [Hereford. 
 
 30 th year. 
 
 Saturday in Easter week. 
 Monday after close of Eas¬ 
 ter. 
 
 Tuesday ditto. 
 
 Saturday ditto.] 
 
 m. 5. 
 
 Webbeleye. 
 
 29 th year. 
 
 Thursday before St. Mich¬ 
 ael (29 Sept.). 
 
 m. 5 d. 
 
 Penebrugg. 
 
 
 Monday after St. Luke (18 
 Oct.). 
 
 
 Almalie. 
 
 a 
 
 $ 
 
 30 th year. 
 
 Wednesday after St. Mark 
 (25 April). 
 
 Thursday ditto. 
 
 m. 6. 
 
 J Bromyerd. 
 
 
 Friday after St. Simon and 
 St. Jude (28 Oct.). 
 
 
 Cowern. 
 
 29 th year. 
 
 Tuesday after St. Vincent 
 (22 Jan.). 
 
 
 $ Hereford. 
 
 a a 
 
 t 
 
 30 th year. 
 
 Saturday after Annuncia¬ 
 tion (25 March). 
 Saturday after Whitsun¬ 
 day. 
 
 m. 6 d. 
 
 Frome Canon. 
 
 t Eglynton. 
 
 Lanwaren. 
 
 J Hereford. 
 
 t “ 
 
 
 Morrow of St. Agatha (5 
 Feb.). 
 
 Wednesday after St. David 
 (1 March). 
 
 Tuesday after St. Gregory 
 (12 March). 
 
 Saturday after Annuncia¬ 
 tion (25 March). 
 Saturday in Trinity week. 
 
 m. 7. 
 
 J Rosse. 
 
 29 th year. 
 
 Morrow of All Saints (1 
 Nov.). 
 
 
 Fowehope. 
 
 30 th year. 
 
 Thursday after St. Valen- 
 
 tine (14 Feb.). 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 189 
 
 % Hereford. 
 
 Bishop’s Upton. 
 
 m. 7 d. J Martteley. 
 
 J Hereford. 
 Saint Waynard. 
 
 J Landmabon. 
 
 J Hereford. 
 
 Hereford. 31 st year. 
 
 m. 8. Hereford. 
 
 30 th year. 
 
 m. 8 d. 
 
 ii 
 
 U 
 
 .j. U 
 
 4 * 
 
 22 places; 56 days, during the 
 the beginning of 31. 
 
 Saturday after Whitsun¬ 
 day. 
 
 Monday after St. Swithin 
 (2 July). 
 
 Tuesday after St. Thomas 
 of Canterbury (7 July). 
 
 Saturday ditto. 
 
 Thursday after St. James 
 
 (25 July). 
 
 Friday ditto. 
 
 Saturday ditto. 
 
 Saturday after Conversion 
 of St. Paul (25 Jan.). 
 
 Saturday after Annuncia¬ 
 tion (25 March). 
 
 Second Saturday after An¬ 
 nunciation.] 
 
 Saturday before St. George 
 (23 April). 
 
 Saturday after St. Michael 
 (29 Sept.). 
 
 Monday ditto, 
 regnal years 29, 30, and at 
 
 IX. Assize Roll, Hereford, 313. 30-33 Edw. III. 6 mem¬ 
 
 branes. 
 
 Placita (de Operariis, etc.) coram eisdem. 
 
 The following enrollment explains the survival of this roll; 
 Mem. L. T. R., 34, Hill., Communia, Presentaciones, etc., rot. 
 2 d. 
 
 Hereford’ 
 
 Willelmus de Frome unus iusticiarius operariorum ponit loco 
 suo Ricardum de Frome ad liberandum ad scaccarium extrac- 
 tas finium, exituum, excessuum et amerciamentorum coram 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 190 * 
 
 eodem Willelmo et sociis suis iusticiariis adiudicatorum de annis 
 xxxii et xxxiii 0 , necnon recorda et processus inde, 
 per Willelmum de Peck de licencia baronum. 
 
 This roll is, for the most part, legible only in a small portion 
 of the middle of each membrane. Since I have quoted at 
 length from the preceding Hereford roll, I give very little of 
 this. 
 
 The first membrane contains a copy of the letter patent of 
 5 Feb., 1357, appointing Frome, Oldecastel and Monyton jus¬ 
 tices of labourers and of weights and measures. See “ List 
 of justices,’’ app., B, 3. 
 
 m. 6. Placita apud Leomynistre coram prefatis iusticiariis 
 die Lune proximo post festum Sancti Georgii, anno 
 xxxii d0 . 
 
 Preceptum fuit vicecomiti quod venire faceret coram 
 nobis hie ad hunc diem xx probos et legales homines 
 de visceneto de Leomynistre ad audiendum et facien¬ 
 dum quod ex parte domini Regis eis esset iniungendum. 
 
 Et modo vicecomes 1 - quod mandatum istud in 
 
 omnibus est executum. 
 
 Iurati presentant quod Willelmus le Flecchere, Ricar- 
 
 dus Lorymere, Iohannes le Ba-de Mappenore, 
 
 Matillis Borgoyn et Isabella Grolbe, emebant bladum 
 - domini regis. Ideo preceptum est vice¬ 
 comiti quod venire faciat coram nobis hie die Veneris 
 
 -ad respondendum domino Regi de trans- 
 
 gressionibus predictis. Et predicti Willelmus le Flec- 
 
 cher (ii s.) -de Mappenore, Isabella Grolbe 
 
 (xl d.), Ricardus Lorymere (ii s.) Matillis Borgoyn 
 
 (xii d.), et Willelmus - veniunt coram nobis et 
 
 ponunt se in graciam domini Regis. Plegii de fine Ri¬ 
 cardus -Romayn et Thomas Domer. 
 
 Adhuc Placita coram prefatis iusticiariis apud Leo- 
 minstre,-Apostoli anno supradicto. 
 
 ^he lines indicate portions too faded to decipher. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 191 * 
 
 Preceptum fuit vicecomiti quod venire faceret coram 
 
 nobis hie ad hunc diem - de Leomynistre ad 
 
 audiendum et faciendum quod ex parte domini Regis 
 
 -respondet quod mandatum istud in 
 
 omnibus est executum. 
 
 Iurati presentant quod Thomas Kempe (xl d.), Wal- 
 terus Pegeon (xl d.), Hugo Pegeon (xl d.), Rogerus 
 
 Bygot (xl d.), Dr- Crompe, Hugo le Romayn 
 
 (ii s.), Walterus Notehale (ii s.), Iohannes Saundres 
 (xii d.), Mattheus de Knygthton (xl d.), Iohannes 
 
 - et Walterus Pegeon, junior (ii s.), carnifices, 
 
 carius vendiderunt carnes suas contra ordinacionem 
 
 domini Regis hiis annis quam vendere solebant ante 
 
 pestilenciam ad grave dampnum - 
 
 quod Iohannes of the Louwer, Thomas Etton, Willel- 
 mus- 
 
 stinnarii, Philippus, seruiens Iohannis Pyw- 
 
 Eston, Ricardus Bryd, Willelmus de- 
 
 Schonte, Robertus le Webbe (xii d.), Iuliana Scrog (vi 
 
 d.),-cementarius, Iohannes le Trompour (xii 
 
 d.), Thomas de Iuy— (xii d.),-le Gode, 
 
 cerotecarii, Salomon Mascalt (ii s.), et Iohanna le 
 
 (xii d.)- 
 
 suis contra etc. quam capere solebant annis - 
 
 -faciat omnes prenominatos seruientes et artifices 
 
 coram nobis-domino Regi de excessibus 
 
 predictis. Set omnes predicti carnifices, fabri, cerote¬ 
 carii - gratis veniunt et ponunt se in gra- 
 
 ciam domini Regis per plegium Iohannis Broun, Ro- 
 berti Body, Iohannis de la - 1 - de Ederey. 
 
 DATES AND PLACES OF SESSIONS. 
 
 Thirty years during the regnal years 31, 32 and 33; none 
 deciphered for 30th year. 1 Fourteen places; four more too 
 
 1 In spite of the heading in List of Plea Rolls. 
 
192 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 * 
 
 faded to read. I give only those that do not occur in the pre¬ 
 ceding roll: Malmushull (m. 1), Staundon (m. 1 d.), Breden- 
 hull (m. 1 d.), Maddeleye (m. 1 d.), Petrischirche (m. 2), 
 Wormelowe (m. 2 d.), Obeton (m. 3 d.), Leominster (ms. 
 6, 6 d.). 
 
 J X. Ancient Indictments, Lancaster, 54. 24 Edw. III. 
 
 The roll contains proceedings held during the summer of 
 1350 before de Lathum, Basset and their companions. On 20 
 Oct. of this year they and ten others were appointed to inquire 
 into the violence of malefactors and to enforce the ordinance 
 of labourers; see “List of justices/’ app., B, 3. There is, 
 therefore, a slight discrepancy as to dates, which I have been 
 unable to explain. 
 
 m. 2. Presentatum est per inquisitores ville Lancastr’ quod 
 Agnes que fuit vxor Iohannis, filii Elie de Chorlegh, 
 conduxit Emmam, filiam Ade le Writght de Chorlegh 
 essendi in servicio suo de festo Sancti Iohannis Baptiste 
 anno regni Regis Edwardi tercii a conquestu vicesimo 
 quarto vsque ad festum Natalis Domini tunc proxime 
 sequens, et dicta Emma in seruicio suo intrare noluit set 
 omnino contradixit contra formam statuti. 
 
 m. 11. Inquisicio de Preston capta apud Lane’ coram Thoma 
 de Lathum et sociis suis iusticiariis domini Regis in 
 comitatu Lancastrie die Martis proximo post festum 
 Assumpcionis beate Marie Virginis, anno regni Regis 
 Edwardi tercii post conquestum xxiiii 0 per sacramentum 
 
 Item dicunt quod Robertus Alkockesknaue, le Merschall, 
 manens in Eccliston non vult locari nemini 1 nisi habeat 
 superfluam mercedem, et quod ipse fregit convencionem 
 quern fecerit cum Cecilia que fuit vxor Alkock le Mar- 
 seal. 
 
 (Indorsement.) 
 
 1 MS. nemo, nisi si. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 193 * 
 
 Inquisicio tie Preston liberata 1 apud Lancastr* die Mer- 
 curii proximo post festum Assumpcionis beate Marie 
 anno xxiiii 0 et habent diem predictam. 
 
 14. Inquisitio de Salfordsh’ capta apud Lane’ die Mercurii 
 proximo post festum Sancti Laurencii anno xxiiii t0 
 coram Willelmo Basset et sociis per sacramentum . . . . 2 
 qui dicunt quod Willelmus Tumson Kemmeson cepit vi 
 s. et vnam tunicam cum capucio contra formam statuti 
 per dimidium annum. 
 
 Iohannes, filius Thome Doggeson, ii s. contra statutum 
 per dimidium annum. 
 
 Et Ricardus de Trafford quia dedit predictis operands 
 salariutn contra statutum. 
 
 Item dicunt quod Henricus le Lister, Henricus, filius 
 Galfridi del Brigge, carnifices, lucrati fuerunt vltra assi- 
 sam in boue vno xviii il. 
 
 Item dicunt quod Iohanna, filia Ricardi Hanneson, cepit 
 per dimidium annum ii s. vi d. maius quam capere sole- 
 bat et Hik de Lymme, Henricus, filius Bobelyn, sutores, 
 capiunt pro quolibet pari sotularum vltra id quod capere 
 solebant per ii d. vnde lucrati fuerunt per annum vltra 
 antiquum lucrum xx s. 
 
 Item dicunt quod Adam Dobbeson, Chikkyn, capiebat 
 per ix dies post festum Assumpcionis beate Marie anno 
 xxiii° quolibet die iii d. vltra id quod capere solebat com- 
 munibus annis et sic communiter capit in anno xxiiii to . 
 
 Item dicunt quod Willelmus, filius lohannis le Hyne, 
 cepit plus solito in hyeme xviii d. et per dimidium an¬ 
 num in estate plus solito per ii s. 
 
 • •••••• • 
 
 Item dicunt quod Ricardus de Wyndhull soluit operariis 
 plus solito vno homini per diem id. 
 
 MS. liberatum. 
 
 2 Names of jurors. 
 
APFEXDIX 
 
 194* 
 
 Item dicunt qnod Roger le Yhong, walker et sheremon,. 
 et Ricardus, filius Hugonis, walker et sheremon, capiunt 
 pro cissure vnius virge tele plus solito per obolum et 
 Adam le Walker de Bury, walker et sheremon, capit 
 eodem modo predicto etc. 
 
 m. 23. Inquisicio de Wygan capta die Iouis apud Wygan, in 
 festo Sancti Oswaldi Regis coram domino Tlioma de 
 Lathum et sociis suis. 
 
 • •••«••« 
 
 Item dicunt quod Adam le Lystersone de Wygan, Wil- 
 lelmus, filius Iohannis le Lyster, capellanus, Willclmus 
 
 de- 1 de Wygan, Thurstanus, filius Rogeri 
 
 le Baxter, sunt per noctem vagantes et vacabundi et 
 nolunt operare. . . . 
 
 m. 29. Derb 
 
 Iurati dicunt quod Iohannes Toppynk cepit de Ricardo 
 de Litherlond vii s. a festo Sancti Iohannis Baptiste 
 
 vsque Natale Domini contra formam statuti. 
 
 \ 
 
 Item dicunt quod Ricardus Wafte J recusat se conduci 
 vbi oblatus fuit per Ricardum le Waleys pro iiii s. et se 
 abstraxit in partibus Cestrensibus quia noluit conduci 
 nisi per dietas contra formam statuti. 
 
 • •«••••• 
 
 Item dicunt quod Iohannes Schad, Willelmus Cottok, 
 Adam del Wodis (cognouerunt; in prisona), oblatis per 
 seruientem domini Thome de Lathum quemlibet eorum 
 iiii solidis et recusant capere contra formam statuti. 
 
 • •••••«• 
 
 Item dicunt quod Willelmus le Dauber (prisona) cepit 
 de diuersis hominibus pro labore suo iii d. et victum 
 suum per diem vbi magis non solebat capere nisi vnum 
 denarium et victum per diem. 
 
 Item dicunt quod Symon Clobbe de Derby recusat se 
 
 1 Illegible. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 195 * 
 
 conduci nisi per diem et hoc per iii d. cum victu per 
 diem et hoc cepit de Willelmo, filio Ade de Litherpoll. 
 Item dicunt quod Thomas Colle de Derby cepit de di- 
 uersis magistris iii d. pro opere suo cum victu per diem 
 
 contra formam statuti. 
 
 Item dicunt quod Willelmus le Bakester,J Henricus del 
 Bakhous (prisona), Henricus Staines, Willelmus, filius 
 Alani de Schirwalactris,J vendunt carnes et pisces con¬ 
 tra formam statuti. 
 
 J XI. Assize Roll, Lincoln, 524. 26-27 Edw. III. 3 mem¬ 
 
 branes. 
 
 Placita Coronae coram eisdem (i. e. Willelmo de Skyp- 
 wyth et sociis suis). 
 
 Praesentationes et Indictamenta. 
 
 % 
 
 It is not easy to determine the nature of this roll; 1 but it 
 is my belief that proceedings before justices of labourers were 
 recorded on membranes that also contained proceedings before 
 justices of oyer and terminer and before the keepers of the 
 peace, the confusion being the result of the fact that the same 
 men, William de Skipwith and William de Stayn, had been 
 appointed in these three separate capacities within the district 
 of Lindsey. On 26 Oct., 1353, they were appointed justices of 
 labourers (see “List of justices,” app., B, 3), and on 15 Dec. of 
 the same year, keepers of the peace. Pat. 27, pt. 2, m. 26 d. 
 
 m. 1 d. contains a copy of the king’s writ to Skipwith as 
 justice of oyer and terminer in Lindsey, bidding him deliver 
 his records into chancery; dated 7 Nov., 28 Edw. III. 
 
 m. 1 d. Placita corone apud Lincoln’ coram prefatis Wil¬ 
 lelmo de Skipwith et sociis suis iusticiariis etc., die 
 Lune proximo post festum Sancti Michaelis, anno 
 regni .... xxvii 0 . . . . 
 
 Hn my article I did not venture to include this roll, and as a matter 
 of fact it is not safe to make dogmatic statements about the nature either 
 of this roll or of that for Essex, no. vii. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 196 * 
 m. 2. 
 
 m. 3. 
 
 Item presentant quod quidam Iohannes Skit fuit in 
 seruicio dornini Iohannis Dargentene carucarius tem¬ 
 pore estiuali vltime preterito et quidam Rogerus Swyn- 
 flete custos manerii abbatis de Seleby apud Stalyng- 
 burgh conduxit predictum Iohannem Skit extra serui- 
 cium suum tempore iemali nunc pro sex solidis et 
 propter frumentum purum et tantam terrain quantum 
 posset seminare cum duobus bussellis London’ frumenti 
 pro vna vestura et eciam vnam acram pisarum semi- 
 natam pro vna vestura, et propter tarn magnum lucrum 
 recessit de seruicio dicti dornini Iohannis ad festum 
 Sancti Martini ultime preteritum. Et postmodum pre- 
 dictus Iohannes Skit dubitauit indictari coram iusti- 
 ciariis, ita quod non fuit ausus morari set recessit in 
 extraneis partibus et sic predictus dominus Iohannes 
 amisit seruicium predicti seruientis per defectum et 
 maliciam predicti Rogeri et contra statutum dornini 
 Regis. 
 
 Item presentant quod Willelmus de Caburn de Lym- 
 bergh, carucarius, non vult seruire nisi per dietas et 
 ad mensem et non vult comedere carnes salsas set re- 
 centes et propter hoc recessit de villa quia nemo aude- 
 bat eum conducere tali modo et contra statutum dornini 
 Regis. 
 
 Presentaciones facte apud Ltidam coram Willelmo 
 de Skypwith et Willelmo de Stayn iusticiariis dornini 
 Regis etc. die Sabbati proximo post festum Epiphanie 
 Domini anno regni . . . vicesimo septimo. 
 
 xii iurati hundred! de Louthesk presentant quod 
 Simon de Steping de Luda, textor, operatur contra 
 statutum, videlicet, vbi solebat capere pro tribus vlnis 
 i d. nunc capit pro qualibet vlna i d. 
 
 Item idem Simon recusat ire ad carucam et ad alia 
 opera excercenda in quibus solebat operari pro maiore 
 stipendio habendo et excessiuo. 
 
 Item presentant quod Alexander Tasker de Luda est 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 197 * 
 
 communis triturator et laborator et capit quolibct die 
 in excessu i d. ob. 
 
 Item presentant quod Ioliannes Gentill de Burwell et 
 Ricardus, filius Ade Panyarman de Somercotes, die 
 Sabbati proximo ante festum Epiphanie Domini anno 
 regni domini Regis nunc Anglie vicesimo septimo apud 
 Ludam vi et armis in Henricum Clere, capellanum et 
 Thomam filium Galfridi West de Walesby insultum 
 fecerunt et ipsum Thomam verberauerunt, wlnerau- 
 erunt et male tractauerunt contra pacem domini Regis. 
 Per quod preceptum est vicecomiti quod venire faciat 
 eos etc. 
 
 J XII. Assize Roll, Rutland, 731. 25-27 Edw. III. 10 mem¬ 
 
 branes. 
 
 Placita coram Galfrido de la Mare et sociis suis. 
 
 Fines et Amerciamenta. 
 
 Praesentationes et Indictamenta. 
 
 An earlier list of Assize Rolls gives the following heading: 
 Rutland. Rotulus presentationum de excessis, etc. contra Sta- 
 tutum de Laboratoribus, temp. Edw. III. 1 
 
 On 15 March, 1351, de la Mare and five others were ap¬ 
 pointed on a joint commission of the peace and for labourers. 
 See “ List of commissions ” and “ List of Justices,” app., B, 
 2 and 3. 
 
 m. 1. Coram Galfrido de la Mare et sociis suis iusticiariis 
 domini Regis in comitatu Rotel’ ad statuta Northamp- 
 tonie et Wintonie necnon ad statu turn artificum et 
 laboratorum et conservandi pads conservanda 2 apud 
 Keton die dominica proxima post festum Decollacionis 
 Sancti Iohannis Baptiste anno regni Regis Edwardi 
 tercii post conquestum xxv. 
 
 1 Cf. app., 142, note 4. 
 
 3 Perhaps a more accurate rendering than that given in my article, in 
 E. H. R., 532; the manuscript is badly faded. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 198 * 
 
 m. 2. Coram Galfriclo de la Mare et sociis suis, die Martis 
 in festo Sancti Nicholai apud Vppingham, anno regni 
 . . . vicesimo quinto. 
 
 Vppingham. 
 
 • ••••••• 
 
 Constabularius presentat [quod] Thomas Smyt (ii s.) 
 cepit contra statutum, videlicet, pro pecia ferri vi d. et 
 pro vno punctu 1 i d. et fecit finem. 
 
 • ••••••• 
 
 m. 6. Coram G. de la Mare et sociis suis iusticiariis domini 
 Regis apud Okham die Iouis proxima post festum 
 Sancti Michaelis anno regni . . . vicesimo septimo. 
 
 • ••••••• 
 
 Elizabeth, filia Henrici de Screffington, . . . . 2 at- 
 tachiate fuerunt ad respondendum domino Regi ad 
 hunc diem quare in prima septimana autupni exiebant 
 villa de Northlufnam in qua manebant et ibant apud 
 Berendon et ibi seruiebant domodo oblatum fuit eis 
 competens seruicium in villa de Northlufnam supra- 
 venire dicta, et omnes preter Amiciam, vxorem Henrici Tiler, 
 faciat veniunt et dicunt quod non sunt culpabiles. Ideo pre- 
 ceptum est balliuo quod venire faciat xii contra etc. in- 
 currendum etc., et predicta Amicia non venit; ideo 
 preceptum capere earn. 
 
 • ••••••• 
 
 m. 6 d. Coram G. de la Mare et sociis suis iusticiariis domini 
 Regis apud Okham die Lune in festo Sancte Katerine 
 anno regni . . . vicesimo septimo. 
 
 (Twenty-four women and one man are indicted for 
 selling beer contrary to the statute) : braciatores veni¬ 
 unt et allocuti sunt per iusticiarios quia vendunt serui¬ 
 cium contra statutum; et Emma et alie dicunt quod 
 
 1 MS. pucco; punctu is merely a guess. 
 
 2 Five other women. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 199 * 
 
 non sunt culpabiles et hoc parate sunt verificare per 
 patriam, et postea compertum est quod non sunt culpa¬ 
 biles et iurate sunt quod amodo conseruent statutum. 
 
 m. 7. (A copy of the letter patent referred to above.) 
 
 Pretextu cuius breuis preceptum fuit vicecomiti quod 
 venire faceret coram prefatis iusticiariis etc. apud Ok- 
 ham die Mercurii proximo post festum Corporis Christi 
 anno regni Regis Edwardi tercii post conquestum xx mo 
 quinto de quolibet hundredo comitatus sui tarn infra 
 libertates quam extra viginti quatuor tarn milites quam 
 alios liberos et legales homines etc. ad inquirendum 
 super sacramentum suum in premissis etc., et vicecomes 
 fecit inde execucionem ut patet in sequenti etc. 
 
 Rotel’. 
 
 Presentaciones et indictamenta facta coram prefatis 
 iusticiariis apud 1 -die et anno supradictis. 
 
 xii iurati hundredi de Martinesle presentant quod 
 Thomas Writh cepit in excessu x d., per plegium Wai¬ 
 ted, filii Roberti et Henrici Gregorii. 
 
 Item presentant quod Adam Skot, falcator, fecit finem 
 [cum] domino Regi pro excessu vi d., per plegium 
 Walteri, filii Roberti et Henrici Gregorii. 
 
 Et per plegium predictorum in excessu versus Rober- 
 turn de Helwelle de excessubus ab eo captis. 
 
 • • • • ♦ • • • 
 
 Item presentant quod Petrus Boneface . . . . 2 sunt re- 
 belles et nimis excessiue capiunt tarn per dies quam 
 per septimanas, et postquam iurati fuerunt ad serui- 
 endum in villa predicta, exierunt in alias villas et nolu- 
 erunt laborare in villa predicta nisi possent excedere 
 formam statuti. 
 
 1 A blank space on the roll; it is more than probable that the place 
 and date are those named in the order to the sheriff. 
 
 2 Five others. 
 
200 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 m. 7 d. Presentaciones et indictamenta facta apud Ouerton in 
 festo apostolorum Petri et Pauli anno . . . vicesimo 
 quinto coram prefatis Galfrido et sociis suis. 
 
 Rotel’ 
 
 xii iurati presentant quod Rogerus Hood cepit pro 
 stipendio in excessu ii s. ii d. excedentes ordinacionem 
 et prouisionem prefatas etc. et de dictis denariis sol- 
 vendis inuenit plegium consimilem. 
 
 Item dicunt quod Symon, balliuus domini, ibidem ques- 
 tus fuit de Iohanne Garde quod ipse cepit stipendium 
 excessiuum ab eo; per cognicionem ipsius Iohannis in- 
 uentum est quod cepit in stipendio excessiuo pro tem¬ 
 pore iemali xii d. contra ordinacionem etc. 
 
 Item presentant quod Hugo Plomer cepit in excessu 
 pro iluminacione ecclesiarum et aliarum domorum vi s. 
 contra ordinacionem etc. et inuentum est per cogni¬ 
 cionem ipsius, et postea euasit de iusticiariis antequam 
 securitatem inuenerit de dictis vi s. 
 
 Item presentant quod Thomas Chapman cepit in ex¬ 
 cessu in opere autumpni xviii d. de Roberto Seusex et 
 hoc inuentum est ad sectam eiusdem Roberti. Ideo 
 liberatus eidem. 
 
 m. 8. 
 
 Memo¬ 
 
 randum. 
 
 rims in d. 
 Excessus 
 xii d. 
 
 Assessio coram G. de la Mare et sociis suis 
 apud Okham die Lune proxima post festum apos¬ 
 tolorum Petri et Pauli, anno regni .... vice¬ 
 simo septimo. 
 
 Ordinatum est per iusticiarios quod nullus 
 carectarius seruiens capiet plus quam octo solidos 
 per annum integrum et hoc sub pena inprisona- 
 menti. 
 
 Ricardus Skynner de Wisundeyn, carectarius, 
 cepit de Roberto Elwelle xii d. in excessu et 
 manucaptor eius de excessu et fine Iohannes 
 S chow ne. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 201 
 
 ♦ 
 
 Inprison- 
 atus, finis 
 ii s. 
 
 Robertus Geke de Wisyndeyn indictatus est quia 
 ipse capit per diem ii d. et prandium, et non 
 vult esse in seruicio alicuius et venit in presen- 
 ciam iusticiariorum et ideo adiudicatus in priso- 
 nam et postea venit et finem fecit, manucaptor, 
 lohannes Malyn. 
 
 Manton 
 Finis vi d. 
 Excessus 
 xii d. 
 
 lohannes de Multon cepit de Iohanne Aterenes 
 de Manton in excessu xii d., de Willelmo Freman 
 xii d. in excessu; ideo etc. et postea fecit finem 
 et manucaptor eius Willelmus Witede. 
 
 Finis m d. 
 Excessus 
 xii d. 
 
 Robertus Palmer de Aswelle dedit in excessu 
 Willelmo de Endirby xii d. in excessu, et manu¬ 
 captor eius de excessu et fine, Thomas Palmer. 
 
 Kylgisham 
 Finis vi d. 
 placita 
 preceptum 
 est balliuo 
 venire 
 faciat xii. 
 
 Constabularius, Henricus de Branston, presentat 
 quod Rogerus Bailly vendidit seruiciam contra 
 statutum bis, videlicet, lagenam pro i d. et obolo, 
 et predictus Rogerus dicit quod non vendidit lage¬ 
 nam nisi pro i d., et hoc paratus est verificare per 
 patriam; et ideo preceptum est balliuo quod 
 venire faciat xii etc. 
 
 Greccham 
 
 preceptum 
 
 est. 
 
 Constabularius de Grecham presentat quod at- 
 tachiauit omnes laboratores et seruientes et non 
 veniunt; ideo preceptum est constabulario quod 
 attachiat eos. 
 
 Wynge. 
 
 Constabularius dicit ilium bene. 
 
 m. 9. Coram G. de la Mare et sociis suis apud NorthluP 
 die Martis proximo post festum Sancti Mathei anno 
 supra. 1 
 
 1 Probably the same year as the next entry. 
 
202 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 * 
 
 Caldecote. 
 
 Constabularius presentat quod omnes laborarii et 
 artifices capiunt secundum statutum et iurati sunt. 
 
 • ••••••• 
 
 Bissebrok. 
 
 Omnes laborarii et artifices examinati sunt et bene. 
 
 Coram G. de la Mare et sociis suis apud Hamyldon, 
 die Mercurii proximo post festum Sancti Mathei anno 
 vicesimo sexto. 
 
 Kilpsam. 
 
 Inuentum est per recognicionem Mariorie Virgin 
 quod ipsa cepit excessive vi d., manucaptor de fine iii 
 d. et excessu Ricardus Miln. 
 
 Pikworth. 
 
 Inventum est quod Iohannes atte Kirche dedit Mar¬ 
 iorie Foliamyn a festo Pasche vsque ad festum Mich- 
 aelis v s. et sic in excessu xviii d., manucaptor de ex¬ 
 cessu et fine (iii d.) Iohannes predictus. 1 
 
 m. 9 d. Coram G. de la Mare et sociis suis apud Okham die 
 Martis proxima post festum Epiphanie anno vicesimo 
 sexto. 
 
 Lidington. 
 
 Constabularii presentant quod non sunt laborarii nec 
 artifices qui capiunt vltra statutum. 
 
 DATES AND PLACES OF SESSIONS. 
 
 m. I. Keton. 25 th year. Sunday after the Behead¬ 
 
 ing of St. John Baptist 
 (29 Aug.). 
 
 Ocham. 2 Monday after Nativity of 
 
 Blessed Virgin Mary (8 
 Sept.). 
 
 1 It is not clear who this “ Iohannes ” is. 
 
 2 Spelt in the roll with either “ c ” or “ k;” now Oakham. 
 
DOCUMENTS , LISTS AND TABLES 203 * 
 
 m. 2. Uppingham. Tuesday, St. Nicholas (6 
 
 Dec.). 
 
 Northluffnam. Saturday after Concep- 
 
 tion of Blessed Virgin 
 Mary (8 Dec.). 
 
 m. 3 d. 
 
 Tinewell. 
 
 
 Thursday ditto. 
 
 m. 4. 
 
 Exton. 
 
 torn. 
 
 Monday after St. Thomas 
 (21 Dec.). 
 
 m. 5. 
 
 Ocham. 
 
 25 th year. 
 
 Wednesday after Corpus 
 Christi. 
 
 m. 6. 
 
 u 
 
 27 th year. 
 
 Thursday after St. Mich¬ 
 ael (29 Sept.). 
 
 m. 6d. 
 
 a 
 
 
 Monday, St. Katherine 
 (25 Nov.). 
 
 m. 7. 
 
 blank. 
 
 no date. 1 
 
 
 m. 7 d. 
 
 Overton. 
 
 25 th year. 
 
 Feast of St. Peter and 
 Paul (29 June). 
 
 m. 8. 
 
 Okham. 
 
 27 th year. 
 
 Monday after St. Peter 
 and Paul (29 June). 
 
 m. 8 d. 
 
 Northluffnam. 
 
 
 Saturday, St. Margaret 
 (20 July). 
 
 m. 9. 
 
 a 
 
 Hamyldon. 
 
 26 th year. 2 
 
 Tuesday after St. Mat¬ 
 thew (21 Sept.). 
 Wednesday ditto. 
 
 m. 9 d. 
 
 Okham. 
 
 Assewell. 
 
 
 Tuesday after Epiphany 
 (6 Jan.). 
 
 Monday before Conver¬ 
 sion of St. Paul (25 
 Jan.). 
 
 m. 10. 
 
 illegible. 
 
 27 th year. 
 
 Monday after St. John 
 Baptist (24 June). 
 
 m. 10 d. 
 
 Ockham. 
 
 Bradtoft. 
 
 27 th year. 
 
 Thursday in Whitsunday 
 week. 
 
 Monday after Corpus 
 
 Christi. 
 
 1 See app., 199, note 1. 
 
 2 See app., 201, note 1. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 204 * 
 
 XIII. Assize Roll, Somerset, 773. 32-33 Edw. III. 12 mem¬ 
 
 branes. 
 
 Indictamenta et processus tangentia operarios, artifices, 
 et servientes. 
 
 Cf. Mem. L. T. R., 34, Mich., Breu. Ret., rot. 32. 
 Somerset’ 
 
 Preceptum est vicecomiti quod distringat Edmundum de 
 Clyueden, Walterum de Rodeneye et Thomam Fitz lames ius- 
 ticiarios ad ordinaciones et statuta de operariis et artificibits ac 
 seruientibus necnon de ponderibus et mensuris in comitatu 
 Somersetie custodienda assignatos per terras etc., ita etc., in xv a 
 Sancti Hillarii ad liberandum ibidem omnes extractas finium, 
 excessuum, exituum et amerciamentorum coram eisdem ius- 
 ticiariis adiudicatorum in sessionibus suis iusticiarie predicte vt 
 execucio fiat pro comodo Regis ad leuandum fines, exitus et 
 amerciamenta predicta prout decet. 
 
 Teste vt supra [Teste G. de Wilforde quarto die Decembris] 
 per warrantum predictum. 
 
 Extracte de quibus supra fit mencio liberantur hie xxviii die 
 Ianuarii hoc anno et sunt in custodia clerici extractarum hie in 
 scaccario. Ideo dictum breue emanatum reuocetur et cesset. 
 
 A long list of similar writs to the sheriffs of other counties 
 follows. In the case of this roll the penalties and the placita 
 were recorded on the same membranes, and therefore the latter 
 also were sent to the exchequer. 
 
 The roll is particularly full and clear, containing numerous 
 lists of exactly the same type as those selected for printing. 
 
 The first membrane contains a copy of the letter patent, 
 dated 26 Jan. 1358, appointing Husee, Clyvedon, Rodeneye and 
 Fitz James justices of labourers and of weights and measures; 
 see “ List of justices,” app., B, 3. 
 
 m. 1. Virtute cuius commissionis iidem iusticiarii man* 
 dauerunt precepta sua vicecomiti comitatus predicti 1 
 quod venire faceret de quolibet hundredo, burgo tam 
 
 1 MS. predicto. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 205 * 
 
 infra libertates quam extra xii liberos etc. de meliore 
 etc. per quos rei veritas etc. ita quod sint coram 
 nobis apud Well’ die Lune in prima septimana Quadra- 
 gesime anno predicti Regis Edwardi xxxii ad audien- 
 dum et faciendum etc. Quo die inquisiciones capte 
 fuerunt de hundredis etc. qui dicunt per sacramentum 
 suum quod etc. 
 
 Item iurati hundredi de Welwe dicunt quod Marga- 
 reta Rakers, Alicia Sprakes, Editha Deye, Agnes 
 Clerkes, Willelmus Rosesone, Alesia Taillour, Iuliana 
 Lauynton, Iuliana, vxor Walteri atte Broke, Iohannes 
 Benet, sunt communes laborarii et quilibet eorum cepe- 
 runt excessiue vi d. 
 
 Item quod Agnes Adekynes, Elena Gould et Editha 
 Edward, Matrices, quelibet earum ceperunt excessiue 
 vi d. 
 
 Item quod Hugo Masson, Radulfus Lange, Cecilia, 
 vxor Iohannis Payn, Agnes le Reue, Iohannes Gou- 
 drich, Ricardus Houwes, Iohannes Palton, Walterus 
 Soutere, Iohannes Simond, Editha Cornere, textrices, 
 ceperunt quilibet eorum excessiue xii d. 
 
 • ••••••• 
 
 Item iurati hundredi de Wynterstoke dicunt quod 
 Walterus Daui, Willelmus Boniour, Iohannes Cau- 
 dron, Iohanna Cole, Willelmus Lange, Isabella ser- 
 uiens Iohannis Felawe, Editha Traci, Editha Cesse, 
 Editha Goky, Radulfus Cole, Iohannes Smalstret, et 
 Agnes Fagon sunt communes laborarii et quilibet 
 eorum ceperunt excessiue vi d. 
 
 • ••••••• 
 
 (Many more indictments.) 
 
 m. 1 d. Super quo prefati iusticiarii mandauerunt precepta 
 sua vicecomiti comitatus predicti quod attachiaret pre- 
 dictos Iohannem. 1 ....... 
 
 1 A long list follows of the indicted of various hundreds including the 
 names printed supra. 
 
206 * 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 m. 2.ita quod haberet corpora eorum 
 
 coram nobis apud Somerton die Lune in tercia septi- 
 mana quadragesime tunc proxime sequente etc. ad 
 respondendum domino Regi de diuersis transgression- 
 ibus contra formam statuti vnde indictati sunt etc. 
 
 Ad quern diem predictus vicecomes respondet quod 
 predicti Iohannes Denemede, Margeria Thrabbe et 
 omnes alii in breue nominati in omnibus hundredis 
 predictis capti sunt et in custodia etc. 
 
 Super quo veniunt predicti Iohannes Denemede, Mar¬ 
 geria Thrabbe et omnes alii superius nominati coram 
 prefatis iusticiariis allocuti qualiter se vellent acquie- 
 tari de transgressione predicta. 
 
 Et predicti Iohannes Denemede, Margeria Thrabbe et 
 omnes alii in breue nominati de transgressione pre¬ 
 dicta cognouerunt quod inde sunt culpabiles et posu- 
 erunt se in graciam domini Regis. 
 
 Et super hoc accepti fuerunt ad faciendum finem vt 
 sequitur etc. 
 
 Hundredum de Wei we. 
 
 Margareta Rakers de fine per plegium Ricardi 
 Houwes pro eadem vi d. [i. e. pro diuersis transgres- 
 sionibus contra formam statuti]. 
 
 Finis Alicia Sprakes de fine per plegium Iohannis Moun- 
 fort pro eadem vi d. 
 
 Finis Editha Deye de fine per plegium Iohannis Hynebest 
 pro eadem xii d. 
 
 Finis Agnes Clerkes de fine per plegium predicti pro eadem 
 xii d. 
 
 Finis Willelmus Rosesone de fine per plegium Iohannis 
 Mounfort pro eadem vi d. 
 
 Finis Alesia Taillour de fine per plegium predicti pro eadem 
 vi cl. 
 
 Finis Iuliana Lauynton de fine per plegium Iohannis Hyne¬ 
 best pro eadem xii d. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 20 7 * 
 
 Finis Iuliana, uxor Ade 1 atte Broke, de fine per plegium 
 predicti pro eadem xii d. 
 
 Finis Iohannes Benet de fine per plegium Iohannis Moitn- 
 fort pro eadem xii d. 
 
 Finis Agnes Adekynes de fine per plegium Rogeri Payn pro 
 eadem vi d. 
 
 Finis Elena Golde de fine per plegium Ricardi Frend pro 
 eadem xii d. 
 
 Finis Editha Edward de fine per plegium Rogeri Payn pro 
 eadem ii s. 
 
 Finis Hugo Masson de fine per plegium Iohannis Mounfort 
 pro eadem xii d. 
 
 Finis Radulfus Lange de fine per plegium predicti pro 
 eadem xii d. 
 
 Finis Cecilia, vxor Iohannis Payn, de fine per plegium pre¬ 
 dicti pro eadem vi d. 
 
 Finis Agnes le Reue de fine per plegium predicti pro eadem 
 vi d. 
 
 Finis Iohannes Goudrich de fine per plegium Rogeri Rey¬ 
 nold pro eadem vi d. 
 
 Finis Ricardus Houwes, webbe, de fine per plegium predicti 
 pro eadem xii d. 
 
 Finis Iohannes Palton, webbe, de fine per plegium Iohannis 
 Mounfort pro eadem vi d. 
 
 Finis Walterus Soutere de fine per plegium Iohannis Palton 
 pro eadem xii d. 
 
 Finis Iohannes Simond de fine per plegium Thome Bathe 
 pro eadem xii d. 
 
 Finis Editha Cornere de fine per plegium Walteri Soutere 
 pro eadem xii d. 
 
 m. 2 d. Hundredum de Wynterstoke. 
 
 Finis Walterus Dauy de fine per plegium Willelmi Boniour 
 pro eadem xii d. 
 
 Finis Willelmus Boniour de fine per plegium Walteri Daui 
 pro eadem xii d. 
 
 1 Walteri in indictment. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 208 * 
 
 Finis Johannes Caudron de fine per plegium Iohannis Sot- 
 ton pro eadem vi d. 
 
 Finis lohanna Cole de fine per plegium Roberti Beauchamp 
 pro eadem xii d. 
 
 Finis Willelmus Lange de fine per plegium Iohannis Tail- 
 lour pro eadem xii d. 
 
 Finis Isabella, seruiens Iohannis Felauwe, de fine per ple¬ 
 gium Roberti Beauchamp pro eadem vi d. 
 
 Finis Editha Tracy de fine per plegium Willelmi Priwet 
 pro eadem xi d. 
 
 Finis Editha Cosse de fine per plegium predicti pro eadem 
 xii d. 
 
 Finis Editha Goky de fine per plegium Willelmi Lange pro 
 eadem ii s. 
 
 Finis Radulfus Cole de fine per plegium Nicholai Halber- 
 ton pro eadem vi d. 
 
 Finis Iohannes Smalestret per plegium Ricardi Couk pro 
 eadem xii d. 
 
 Finis Agnes Fagon de fine per plegium Willelmi Prywet 
 pro eadem xii d. 
 
 rn. 5. Ad sessionem tentam apud Weir die Lune proximo 
 post festum Natiuitatis beate Marie anno regni . . . 
 tricesimo secundo. 
 
 (Usual order to sheriff.) 
 
 Item iurati hundredi de Frome dicunt quod Robertus 
 Bryan, Rogerus Hulleman, Iohannes Churchey, Wal- 
 terus Webbe, Rogerus Lysoun, et Alicia, vxor Iohan¬ 
 nis Corslegh, sunt textrices et alii communes laborarii 
 et quilibet eorum ceperunt excessiue contra formam 
 statuti xii d. 
 
 m. 5 d. (Presentments are made for offences in other hun¬ 
 dreds; then the justices order the sheriff to attach the 
 indicted, including those named, to be at Taunton 
 on Monday after St. Matthew; on this day the sheriff 
 returns that they are in custody. They plead guilty 
 and are fined.) 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 209 * 
 
 m. 6. Hundredum de Frome. 
 
 Finis Robertus Brayn de fine pro eadem [i. e. pro trans- 
 gressione contra statutum] per plegium Laurencii atte 
 Welle ii s. 
 
 Finis Rogerus Hulleman de fine pro eadem per plegium 
 Walteri Whirligan xii d. 
 
 Finis Iohannes Churchei de fine pro eadem per plegium pre¬ 
 dict vi d. 
 
 Finis Walterus Webbe de fine pro eadem per plegium Wil- 
 lelmi Cayner vi d. 
 
 Finis Rogerus Lisoun de fine pro eadem per plegium Iohan- 
 nis Corslegh xl d. 
 
 Finis Alicia, vxor Iohannis Corslegh, de fine pro eadem per 
 plegium Rogeri Lisoun xl d. 
 
 m. 8. Ad sessionem tentam apud Welliam, die Lune in 
 prima septimana Quadragesime anno . . . tricesimo 
 tercio. 
 
 Item xii electi et iurati de hundredo de Whyston 
 dicunt per sacramentum suum quod Editha Quinterel, 
 Iohanna, vxor Iohannis Bal, Iohanna Longespy sunt 
 communes filatrices et Willelmus Aleyn, Willelmus 
 Malyn, Willelmus Girard, Iohannes Drake, Walterus 
 Halyete, Willelmus Chynnoke, Editha Paynot, sunt 
 communes textores, et Ricardus Chas, Willelmus 
 Chas, Thomas Chas, Iohannes Baker, Alicia, vxor 
 Iohannis Skot, Ricardus Lynstede, Robertus Burman, 
 et Adam Soutere sunt carbonarii et vendunt carbones 
 et ceperunt excessiue lucrum, sic quilibet eorum cepit 
 excessive xii d. 
 
 m. 9 d. (Sheriff ordered to attach them to appear on Mon¬ 
 day after feast of St. Nicholas at Bridgewater. 
 
 All appear on that day and plead guilty.) 
 
 m. 10 d. Hundredum de Whitston. 
 
 Finis Editha Quintrel de fine pro eadem per plegium Iohan¬ 
 nis Cole vi d. 
 
2io* APPENDIX 
 
 Finis lohanna, vxor Iohannis Bal, de fine pro eadem per 
 plegium Thome Bal xii d. 
 
 Finis lohanna Longespey de fine pro eadem per plegium 
 Iohannis Boteler xviii d. 
 
 Finis Willelmus Aleyn de fine pro eadem per plegium Io¬ 
 hannis Souterman xii d. 
 
 Finis Willelmus Malyne et Editha vxor eius de fine pro 
 eadem per plegium Clementis le Eyr ii s. 
 
 Finis lohannes Drake de fine pro eadem per plegium Rogeri 
 Gonyz xl d. 
 
 Finis Willelmus Chynnokes de fine pro eadem per plegium 
 Willelmi Samuel ii s. 
 
 Finis Editha Paynot de fine pro eadem per plegium Iohan¬ 
 nis Palmere xii d. 
 
 Finis Ricardus Chaz de fine pro eadem per plegium Thome 
 Chaz xii d. 
 
 Finis Thomas Chaz de tine pro eadem per plegium pre¬ 
 dict 1 xii d. 
 
 Finis Willelmus Chas de fine pro eadem per plegium pre- 
 dicti xii d. 
 
 Finis lohannes Bakere de fine pro eadem per plegium Io¬ 
 hannis Skot xl d. 
 
 Finis Alicia, vxor Iohannis Scot, de fine pro eadem per ple¬ 
 gium Iohannis Bakere ii s. 
 
 Finis Ricardus Lynstede de fine pro eadem per plegium Wil¬ 
 lelmi Samuel xii d. 
 
 Finis Robertus Burnam de fine pro eadem per plegium Ri- 
 cardi Petyuyn xviii d. 
 
 Finis Adam Soutere de fine pro eadem per plegium Iohan¬ 
 nis Southerman ii s. 
 
 The dates and places of sessions are all noted in the extracts. 
 
 printed; four Mondays in the 32nd year, and two Mondays 
 
 in the 33rd year, at four different places. 
 
 ’This seems to make Thomas Chaz his own “plegium;” probably 
 
 Ricardus Chaz is meant. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 2 II * 
 
 XIV. Assize Roll, Surrey, 907. 25-26 Edw. III. 4 mem¬ 
 
 branes. 
 
 Praesentationes et Indictamenta coram Ricardo de Bir- 
 ton et aliis. 
 
 Placita de quibusdam servitoribus et laboratoribus apud 
 Limenesfeld. 1 
 
 Two distinct rolls. 
 
 Roll I. 
 
 The first membrane contains a copy of the letter patent, 
 dated 15 March, 1351, appointing Huse, de Wylughby, de 
 Grene, de Notton, de Birton, de Bekwell, de Roulegh, atte 
 Wode and atte Watere on the joint commission of the peace 
 and for labourers; de Loxleye was associated to the commis¬ 
 sion on 27 Nov. of the same year. On 15 Sept., also 1351, de 
 Roulegh and atte Wode were removed from the commission 
 and were ordered to deliver to Huse and de Bekwell any 
 records in their possession; see “List of justices,” app., B, 3. 
 
 Attached to this roll is the following writ: 
 
 Edwardus, Dei gracia Rex Anglie et Francie et dom- 
 inus Hibernie, dilecto et fideli suo Henrico de Beke- 
 welle, salutem. 
 
 Volentes certis de causis cerciorari super omnibus in- 
 dictamentis, recordis et processibus coram vobis et 
 sociis vestris iusticiariis nostris ad diuersas felonias et 
 transgressiones in comitatu Surreie audiendum et ter- 
 minandum assignatis habitis, inchoatis et non termin- 
 atis et in custodia vestra, vos, prefate Henrice, existen- 
 
 tibus, vobis mandamus quod omnia huiusmodi indie- 
 
 $ 
 
 tamenta, recorda et processus penes vos residencia 
 habeatis coram nobis in crastino Sancti Martini vbi- 
 cumque tunc fuerimus in Anglia, vt hiis inspectis 
 vlterius inde facere valeamus quod de iure et secundum 
 legem et consuetudinem regni nostri Anglie inde fore 
 viderimus faciendum. Et habeatis ibi hoc breve. 
 
 1 Now Limpsfield. 
 
212 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 Teste W. de Shareshull apud Kingeston super Tha- 
 misiam, quarto die Novembris anno regni nostri Anglie 
 vicesimo septimo, regni vero nostri Francie quarto- 
 decimo. 
 
 m. i. Presentaciones et indictamenta facta coram prefatis 
 Ricardo de Birton, Henrico de Loxele et Henrico de 
 Bekewell iusticiariis etc. apud Guldeford predicto die 
 Lune proximo post festum Sancti Hillarii anno regni 
 .vicesimo quinto. 
 
 m. i d. (Presentment against de Roulegh for breaking his 
 oath as justice of labourers in the 24th year; see pt. i, 
 ch. i, s. 5.) 
 
 m. 2. Presentaciones et indictamenta facta apud Guldeford 
 coram prefatis Ricardo de Birton, Henrico de Loxele 
 et Henrico de Bekwell iusticiariis etc. die Martis prox¬ 
 imo post festum Annunciacionis beate Marie anno regni 
 .vicesimo sexto. 
 
 SurP 
 
 Iuratores diuersorum hundredorum comitatus pre¬ 
 dict . . } presentant quod vbi Iohannes de Rowele 
 extiterat vnus iusticiariorum domini Regis ad inqui¬ 
 rendum de diuersis feloniis et transgressionibus et ad 
 statutum de operatoribus conseruandum et ad alia male- 
 ficia audienda et terminanda in comitatu predicto, ibi 
 Iohannes de Rowele pluribus vicibus solus sedebat 
 sine warranto, videlicet apud Certeseye, Kyngeston, 
 Guldeford et alibi in comitatu predicto et populum 
 domini Regis coram eo iniuste vexauit et indictamenta 
 cepit et indictatos inprisonauit et tali colore de homin- 
 ibus sic indictatis cepit diuersos fines ad opus suum 
 proprium, scilicet de quodam Henrico de Roppele de 
 Chidyngfold x s., de Willelmo de Twynam de Kynge- 
 
 1 Names of jurors. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 213 
 
 * 
 
 ston dimidiam marcam per manus cuiusdam Iohannis 
 Burcebrige, clerici sui et de pluribus aliis ad magnam 
 pecuniarum summam et de quolibet laborario ad minus 
 v d.; que se excedit ad summam xxxv li. et plus in 
 oppressionem et graue dampnum tocius populi domini 
 Regis et in ipsius Regis contemptum. (There are also 
 other charges against him.) . . . Per quod preceptum 
 fuit vicecomiti quod caperet eum etc. 
 
 Coram Rege Roll, 27, Mich., Rex, rot. 52, Surrey. 
 
 A long and important process against de Roulegh 
 includes, among numerous charges, specific reference 
 to his extortions from labourers. He is finally con¬ 
 victed and committed to prison. 
 
 Ibid., Rex, rot. 46, Surrey. 
 
 Jurors indict John Bushbrugg. lately clerk of John 
 atte Roughle, for taking a bribe to conceal an accusa¬ 
 tion against a certain man for sale of leather at an 
 excessive price. He is convicted and “fecit finem.” 
 
 Roll II. 
 
 m. 2. Lymenesfeld. 
 
 Placita diuersorum artificum et aliorum laborariorum 
 tenta ibidem 1 coram Iohanne de Hadresham infra 
 libertatem abbatis de Bello die Mercurii proximo ante 
 festum Carnipriuii anno regni Regis Edwardi tercii 
 post conquestum xxvii incipiente. 
 
 (The earliest record of the appointment of Hadre¬ 
 sham is 20 June, 1354, as justice of labourers for Sur¬ 
 rey; see “List of justices,” app., B, 3.) 
 
 Finis vi d. Iohannes Croucheman, rotarius, venit et ponit se 
 in graciam domini Regis. Et est finis vi d. 
 
 1 /. e. at Lymenesfeld. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 214 
 
 Finis vi d. 
 
 Robertus Terselyn, pottere, venit et ponit se. Et 
 est finis vi d. 
 
 Finis Symond Duraunt inuenit plegium ad seruiendum 
 condonatur. infra fibertatem, Symonem de Excetre. 
 
 Finis vi d. 
 
 Walterus Ede venit et ponit se in graciam domini 
 Regis per plegium Willelmi atte Quarere. Et est 
 finis xii d. 
 
 Finis 
 
 condonatur. 
 Finis vi d. 
 
 Iohannes Merre venit et ponit se in graciam dom¬ 
 ini. Et est finis. 
 
 Symond de Stonehamme venit et pro excessiva 
 donacione ponit se, per plegium Roberti Nutfilde 
 et R- 1 wyndenne; finis vi d. 
 
 m. 2 d. Placita diuersorum artificium et laborariorum tenta 
 apud Lymnesfeld coram Iohanne de Haderesham in¬ 
 fra libertatem abbatis de Bello die Sabbati proximo 
 ante festum Sancte Marie Magdalene, anno regni . . . 
 xxvii 0 incipiente. 
 
 Edonia de Lyde liberata est Thome vicario de Cater - 
 ham seruiendum eidem Thome usque finem [termini 
 sui] 2 secundum statu turn etc. 
 
 Finis Iohannes Profifete quia retraxit Edoniam de Lyde, 
 vi d. seruientem Thome, vicario de Caterham, ponit se in 
 graciam domini Regis. 
 
 lnquisicio capta secundum ordinacionem statuti per 
 sacramentum Ricardi de Stafhurst, . . . 3 iuratorum 
 qui dicunt . . . quod Ricardus Taillour, carpentarius, 
 seruit extra feodum domini contra ordinacionem. 
 (Eat quietus eo quod est in seruicio domini Regis.) 
 
 MS. faded. 
 
 2 Probably to be thus read. 
 
 Names of eleven other jurors. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 215 
 
 * 
 
 Iohannes Crouchman, Alexander Potlere (ponit se. 
 vi d.), Andreas Crouchman (ponit se), rotarii, ven- 
 dunt contra statutum. 
 
 Ricardus Terselyn (ponit se. vi d.) et Robertus Ter- 
 selyn (ponit se. vi d.), potteres, vendunt contra statu¬ 
 tum; Hugo Horsman (capiatur), carbonarius, seruit 
 extra feodum domini, Robertus Mowere (ponit se. vi 
 d.), Lucia Frere (finis iii d.), braciatrix, vendunt pro 
 ii d. contra statutum. Nicholas Payn (finis iii d.), 
 faber, negauit seruire patriam, Walterus Ede, Thomas 
 atte Mede (finis vi d.), faciunt carbones et vendunt 
 extra dominicum (ita quod libere 1 non potest seruire, 
 finem), Robertus Lyngelegh facit ut dictus Thomas, 
 Nicholas Payn, Walterus Ede, Thomas atte Mede, 
 contra ordinacionem. Ideo preceptum est attachiare 
 omnes supradictos quod sint coram Iohanne de Ha- 
 deresham die Lune in festo Sancte Marie Magdalene 
 proxime futuro ad audiendum et faciendum ea que 2 
 ex parte domini Regis eis iniungentur. 
 
 4. Surrk Lymenesfeld. 
 
 Placita de seruitoribus, artificibus et aliis laborariis 
 tenta ibidem coram Roberto de Belknappe infra vide¬ 
 licet libertatem abbatis de Bello virtute quarumdam 
 literarum patencium predicto abbati inde directarum. 3 
 Et eciam virtute eiusdem libertatis coram Rogero 
 Huse et sociis suis iusticiariis allocatis apud Geldeford 
 die Iouis in Octabis Assensionis, anno regni . . . . 
 vicesimo quinto. 
 
 (On 15 March, 1351, Huse was appointed on the 
 joint commission of the peace and for labourers for 
 Surrey, and on 20 June, 1354, on the commission 
 for labourers'; see “List of justices,” app., B, 3. Of 
 Belknap’s appointment I have found no trace.) 
 
 A doubtful reading; MS. lib. 
 
 2 MS. quod. 
 
 3 MS. directo. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 Nicholaus de Stafhurst (vi d.), Rogerus 
 Daly (vi d.), Iohannes Melleward (vi d.). 
 Thomas Waterman (iii d.), Willelmus 
 (pauper), cartere, Iohannes Belamy (pau¬ 
 per), Willelmus Aaron (pauper), Iohan¬ 
 nes Bayllyf (pauper), Walterus Notfeld 
 (xii d.), Rogerus Lambard (iii d.), Io¬ 
 hannes Melleword, senior (iiii d.), Iohan¬ 
 nes Merey (x d.), Willelmus Spadiere (iii 
 d.), Willelmus Wastel (vi d.), famuli et 
 seruitores conuicti sunt ad sectam Iohannis 
 de Pondfolde quod propter pestilenciam 
 Excessus iiii s. vii d. mercedes ceperant excessiuas vltra id quod 
 
 in partibus illis dare consueuerint, quilibet 
 videlicet secundum quod super nomen 
 ipsius annotatur. Ideo preceptum est 
 quod summe predicte leuentur de eisdem. 
 Et modo omnes predicti fecerunt sacra- 
 mentum quod de cetero in libertate ista 
 commorabunt, capientes stipendia et sala- 
 ria in statuto contenta etc. 
 
 XV. Assize Roll, Warwick, 971. 31 Edw. III. 3 membranes. 
 
 Praesentationes ad Sessiones Iohannis Sparry et aliorum 
 de Statutis de Operariis, etc. 
 
 On 5 Feb., 1357, de Conyngesby, Sparry and Spyneye were 
 appointed justices of labourers and of weights and measures; 
 see “List of justices,” app., B, 3. 
 
 Attached to this roll are eleven writs addressed to the jus¬ 
 tices, issued by the king as a result of petitions to him. 
 
 No. 1. Edwardus, Dei gracia Rex Anglie et Francie et 
 
 dominus Hibernie, iusticiariis nostris ad ordina- 
 cionem et statuta de operariis, seruientibus et arti- 
 ficibus ac de mensuris et ponderibus edita in 
 comitatu Warr’ custodienda assignatis, salutem. 
 
 216 * 
 
 Famuli conuicti 
 conuicti 
 
pro Rege. 
 
 No. 2. 
 
 DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 2 17 * 
 
 Volentes certis de causis cerciorari que et quot 
 fines, amerciamenta et exitus forisfacta in ses- 
 sionibus vestris anno regni nostri Anglie tricesimo 
 primo vsque ad Clausum Pasche eodem anno quo 
 die parliamentum nostrum incepit, facta, affirata 
 et adiudicata fuerunt, et de quibus personis, 
 vobis mandamus quod scrutatis rotulis vestris de 
 sessionibus predictis nos inde sub sigillis vestris 
 in cancellaria nostra reddatis distincte et aperte 
 sine dilacione cerciores, hoc breue nobis remit- 
 tentes. 
 
 Teste me ipso apud Westmonasterium, xvi die 
 Octobris, anno regni nostri Anglie tricesimo se- 
 cundo, regni vero nostri Francie decimo nono. 
 
 Cf. with the above writ the following enroll¬ 
 ment : 
 
 Mem. K. R., 34, Hill., Breu. Baron., rot. 3d. 
 
 Rex thesaurario et baronibus suis de scaccario 
 ac camerario suis, salutem. Quandam bagam cum 
 diversis rotulis et recordis in eadem inclusis nobis 
 in cancellaria nostra per Iohannem de Conyng- 
 esby et socios suos nuper iusticiarios nostros ad 
 statuta de artificibus et seruientibus ac de pon- 
 deribus et mensuris abusis edita in comitatu Warr’ 
 custodienda assignatos de mandato nostro liber- 
 atam vobis mittimus, mandantes quod bagam pre- 
 dictam recipiatis et inde fieri faciatis quod 1 fore 
 videritis faciendum. 
 
 Teste Thoma filio nostro carissimo custode An¬ 
 glie apud Westmonasterium, xxvi die Ianuarii,. 
 anno regni nostri Anglie tricesimo quarto, regni 
 vero nostri Francie vicesimo primo. 
 
 Edwardus, Dei gracia Rex Anglie et Francie 
 et dominus Hibernie, dilectis et fidelibus suis Io- 
 
 1 In MS. quod is repeated. 
 
2 l8 * 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 No. 3. 
 
 lianni Sparry et sociis suis iusticiariis ad excessus 
 operariorum et seruiencium in comitatu Warr' 
 audiendos et terminandos assignatis, salutem. 
 Ouerelam dilecti nobis in Christo abbatis de 
 Pippewell recepimus continentem quod cum ipse 
 habeat diuersas grangias et alia loca ad domum 
 suam pertinencia quorum terre pro defectu opera-i 
 riorum et seruiencium iacent frisce et inculte, et 
 licet idem abbas diuersos habeat tenentes in villis, 
 grangiis, et locis predictis contiguis qui terras suas 
 colere et sibi deseruire possent et pre ceteris de- 
 seruire deberent, vos, nichilominus, ad hoc con- 
 sideracionem non habentes, tenentes huiusmodi 
 ad procuracionem quorundam emulorum ipsius 
 abbatis aliis deseruire compellitis et per alios com- 
 pelli facitis minus iuste, quamquam prefatus abbas 
 sepius et cum instancia vobis supplicauerit huius¬ 
 modi tenentes suos ad deseruiendum ei pro com- 
 petenti salario sibi liberari, super quo supplicauit 
 sibi per nos de remedio congruo prouideri. Nos 
 aduertentes non esse consonum racioni quod 
 tenentes ipsius abbatis aliis deseruire cogantur 
 dumtamen idem abbas de eorum seruiciis indigeat, 
 vobis mandamus quod habito respectu ad neces- 
 sitatem ipsius abbatis in hac parte ei tot operarios 
 et seruientes de tenentibus suis et aliis quot ei 
 pro terris suis colendis et aliis operibus suis per- 
 ficiendis racionabiliter sufficere poterunt habere 
 faciatis prout de iure et secundum formam ordi- 
 nacionis in hac parte facte fuerit faciendum. 
 
 Teste me ipso apud Westmonasterium, secundo 
 die Maii, anno regni nostri Anglie tricesimo se¬ 
 cundo, regni vero nostri Francie decimo nono. 
 
 An order addressed to the justices for the mak¬ 
 ing of standard weights and measures, on com¬ 
 plaint of Walter Gutyng, of Evesham, whom the 
 
No. 4. 
 
 No. 5. 
 
 DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 219 * 
 
 same justices had proceeded against for selling 
 wool by the old weights; 16 March, 32 Edw. III. 
 
 On complaint of the mayor, the justices are 
 forbidden to interfere with the assize of bread 
 and ale within the town of Coventry, this assize 
 having been granted by Queen Isabel to the 
 mayor, bailiffs and men of Coventry; 3 April, 
 31 Edw. III. 
 
 Edwardus, Dei gracia Rex Anglie et Francie et 
 dominus Hibernie, iusticiariis suis ad ordinacio- 
 nem et statuta de operatoribus, seruientibus et 
 vitelariis et de mensuris et ponderibus edita in 
 comitatu Warrewichie, salutem. Monstrauit 
 nobis Iuliana, comitissa Huntyngdon’, domina 
 maneriorum de Alleslee, Filonglee, Burthyngbury, 
 Aston, Cauntelou, et Stodleyely, 1 in comitatu pre- 
 dicto quod cum ipsa habeat et habere debeat ipsa- 
 que et omnes alii domini maneriorum predictorum 
 a tempore cuius contrarii memoria non existit, 
 habere consueuerint visum franciplegii ibidem de 
 omnibus hominibus et tenentibus suis in eisdem 
 maneriis residentibus et emendas assise panis et 
 ceruisie ibidem fracte et omnia alia ad huiusmodi 
 visum franciplegii pertinencia; et licet eadem 
 comitissa per balliuos suos maneriorum predic¬ 
 torum pistores et braciatores ac alios infra ma- 
 neria predicta residentes pro assisa huiusmodi 
 panis et ceruisie fracta et pro abusu 2 mensura- 
 rum et ponderum in maneriis predictis per amer- 
 ciamenta et alio modo per ministros suos puniri 
 et amerciamenta ilia ad opus suum leuari fecerit, 
 vos tamen eosdem pistores et braciatores et alios 
 residentes predictos pro huiusmodi assisa panis et 
 ceruisie fracta et abusu mensurarum et ponderum 
 predictorum, ac si prius ea de causa puniti non 
 
 1 A mistake for Stodleye, now Studley. 
 
 2 MS. absu. 
 
220 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 * 
 
 fuissent, per amerciamenta grauia alias punire in- 
 tenditis, quod si fieret in ipsius comitisse preiu- 
 dicium, ac hominum et tenencium suorum predic- 
 torum oppressionem cederet manifeste. Et quia 
 in magno consilio nostro apud Westmonasterium 
 anno regni nostri Anglie vicesimo septimo tento 
 extitit concordatum quod in inquisicionibus et 
 punicionibus pro transgressionibus huiusmodi fa- 
 ciendis, libertates dominorum et aliorum semper 
 saluentur, nolentes prefate comitisse aut hominibus 
 seu tenentibus supradictis iniuriari in hac parte, 
 vobis mandamus quod si vobis legitime constare 
 poterit prefatam comitissam visum franciplegii in 
 maneriis predictis ac emendas assise panis et cer- 
 uisie de hominibus et tenentibus suis predictis in 
 eisdem maneriis habere vt predictum est, tunc 
 punicionibus huiusmodi pistorum, braciatorum et 
 aliorum hominum et tenencium suorum predic- 
 torum ibidem pro huiusmodi assisa fracta et 
 abusu mensurarum et ponderum, pro quibus 
 coram balliuis comitisse predicte puniti fuerint, 
 coram vobis iterato faciendis supersedeatis om- 
 nino, ipsos pistores et braciatores, ac homines et 
 tenentes suos predictos ex hac causa non mole- 
 stantes in aliquo seu grauantes, prouiso semper 
 quod mensure et pondera hominum et tenencium 
 suorum predictorum standardo nostro sint con- 
 cordancia, iuxta formam statutorum 1 inde edi- 
 torum et quod omnia falsa mensure et pondera 
 comburentur et adnullentur et quod ipsi pro de- 
 lictis pro quibus prius puniti non fuerint, per vos 
 puniantur prout decet. 
 
 Teste me ipso, apud Westmonasterium, xx die 
 Iunii, anno regni nostri Anglie tricesimo primo, 
 regni vero nostri Francie decimo octauo. 
 
 J MS. statuorum. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 2 2I * 
 
 The following six writs deal with the same 
 matters: 
 
 No. 6. On complaint of the mayor of Coventry within 
 
 the town of Coventry; 2 Aug., 31 Edw. III. 
 
 No. 7. Within the jurisdiction of the prior of Coven¬ 
 
 try; 28 July, 31 Edw. III. 
 
 No. 8. On complaint of John de Mohun within the 
 
 manors of Great Compton and Whichford; 15 
 Nov., 31 Edw. III. 
 
 No. 9. On complaint of the prioress of Eton; 18 May, 
 
 31 Edw. III. 
 
 No. 10. On complaint of the prior and convent of 
 
 Kirkeby “ monachorum;” 1 8 May, 31 Edw. III. 
 
 No. II. On complaint of Fulk de Bernyngham, lord of 
 
 the manor of Bernyngham; 3 July, 31 Edw. III. 
 
 m. 1. Sessio lohannis Sparry et sociorum suorum 
 
 apud Warr’, die Lune proximo post festum Sancti 
 Gregorii Pape anno Regis Edwardi tercii post 
 conquestum tricesimo primo. 
 
 Kyngton. 
 
 Mandatum fuit vicecomiti ex parte domini 
 Regis quod venire faceret coram lohanne Sparry 
 et sociis suis iusticiariis domini Regis per com- 
 missionem suam eis directam ad excessus opera- 
 riorum, servientium et artificum ac defectus pon- 
 derum et mensurarum in comitatu Warr’ puni- 
 endos assignatis hie ad hunc diem xxiiii probos 
 et legales homines de hundredo de Kyngton ac 
 omnes constabularies villatarum et hameletarum 
 eiusdem hundredi ad faciendum etc. Et vice- 
 comes modo returnauit xxiiii etc. et similiter con¬ 
 stabularies etc. secundum tenorem dicti mandati. 
 Set inquisicio ilia remanet capienda pro defectu 
 
 1 Now Monks’ Kirbv. 
 
222 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 * 
 
 Pena 
 
 iuratorum. Ideo preceptum est vicecomiti quod 
 distringat predictos iuratos, scilicet Henricum de 
 Pipe et alios per omnes terras etc. et quod de 
 exitibus etc. ita quod habeat corpora eorum 
 apud Warr die Lune proximo post festum An- 
 nunciacionis beate Marie proxime futurum ad 
 faciendum etc. 
 
 Constabularii dicti hundredi venerunt et fece- 
 runt sacramentum. Et onerantur per eorum 
 sacramentum ad inquirendum de omnibus arti- 
 culis in ordinacionibus et statutis de operariis, 
 seruientibus et artificibus ac de ponderibus et 
 mensuris editis, et de nominibus illorum qui in 
 abusu ponderum seu mensurarum deliquerint. Et 
 ad capiendum sacramentum omnium et singu- 
 lorum operariorum, seruiencium et artificum in 
 balliuis suis commorancium ad dictas ordina- 
 ciones et statuta observanda. Et habent diem ad 
 presentandum et certificandum hie ut supra, qui- 
 libet constabularius sub pena xx s. 
 
 Venerunt eciam xii liberi de villatis de Warr’ 
 qui fuerunt iurati et onerati ad inquirendum de 
 articulis predictis. Et habent diem hie vt supra, 
 quilibet iuratus sub pena xx s. ad presentandum 
 etc. 
 
 Couentre. 
 
 Sessio Iohannis Sparry et sociorum suorum 
 apud Couentre die Lune proxima ante festum 
 Annunciacionis beate Marie anno supradicto. 
 
 Knyghtlow. 
 
 Ad quern diem veniunt xxiiii etc. de hundredo 
 de Knyghtlow per magnam districcionem, de 
 quibus xii fuerunt triati, iurati et onerati ad in¬ 
 quirendum etc. qui nichil presentant ad hunc diem. 
 Et datus illis dies ad presentandum apud Couentre 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 223 * 
 
 die Mercurii in septimana Pasche, cuilibet eorum 
 sub pena xl s. 
 
 Presentacio constabulariorum hundredi de 
 Knyghtlow. 
 
 Caldecote. 
 
 Constabularius presentat quod Willelmus de 
 Sutton, lohannes Malynes, Willelmus Harrys, 
 Henricus Tayllour, lohannes Prat, Rogerus Shep- 
 herde, lohannes Pount, lohannes Trauers, Ricar- 
 dus Plelpete, habent bussellos non concordatos 
 standardo. Item lohannes Pount vtitur auncella 
 contra formam statuti, Avicia Simond, braciatrix 
 et operatrix, recusat iurare propter constabula- 
 rium; Willelmus Harrys habet lagenam non con- 
 cordatam standardo. 
 
 Folkeshull. 
 
 Constabularius presentat quod lohannes Wolf, 
 Thomas Holbrok, 1 habent bussellos non concor¬ 
 datos standardo. 
 
 Item Iohanna, vxor Thome Rondulf, Hauicia, 
 uxor Iohannis Vynsent, braciatrices, vtuntur 
 mensuris non concordatis standardo. 
 
 Item presentat quod Robertus,{ quondam ser- 
 uiens Ricardi Vynsent, lohannes Curly, lohannes, 
 seruiens Willelmi Bandy, lohannes J othe Lane, 
 wyrdrawere, Ricardus Vynsent, wyrdrawere, 
 lohannes, seruiens Iohannis Scot, Henricus 
 Bodyn et lohannes Marchal,i faber, recusarunt 
 iurare coram constabulario et sunt rebelles. 
 
 Item Willelmus Bown de Cleybrok recessit a 
 seruicio Iohannis Wolf ante finem termini sui 
 contra formam ordinacionis etc. 
 
 1 Seven others named. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 224 * 
 m. 1 d. 
 
 Couentre. 
 
 Adhuc Knythlow. 
 
 Lodbroke. 
 
 Constabularius presentat quod . . . Rogerus le 
 Coltherde non uult seruire per terminum set per 
 diem. 
 
 • ••*«»•»• 
 Wyleby. 
 
 Constabularius presentat quod .... 
 
 Item Willelmus le Cok, Thomas Crok,;j: Hugo 
 le Cartere, Ricardus de Keresleye, Thomas Bithe 
 Brok, et Hugo Pant non tenent nisi quartronam 
 terre et nolunt seruire etc. 
 
 »*••••••• 
 
 Presentacio iuratorum et constabulariorum vil- 
 late de Couentre ad eundem diem. 
 
 Couentre. 
 
 Diuersi constabularii presentant quod Willel¬ 
 mus Typet recessit a seruicio suo ante finem ter¬ 
 mini et cepit per diem iiii d. 
 
 Iohannes de Bilneye et Henricus, seruiens Wil- 
 lelmi Marchal, negauerunt iurare et sunt rebelles. 
 
 Agnes que fuit seruiens Willelmi Bray non vult 
 seruire per annum pro minore quam xxx s. 
 
 Reginaldus de Teue recusat iurare et est rebel- 
 lis et cepit per diem v d. 
 
 Sessio . . . apud Couentre, die Martis proxima 
 ante festum Annunciacionis beate Marie anno 
 regni Regis supradicto. 
 
 Knythlow Presentacio iuratorum. 
 
 • •••••••• 
 
 Kirkeby. 
 
 Item presentant quod . . . Cristiana, vxor Reg- 
 eri Ferst, exiit in aliam villam in autumpno post- 
 
DOCUMENTS , LISTS AND TABLES 225 * 
 
 quarn requisita fuit ad metendum in eadem villa 
 qua morabatur et cepit in excessu xii d. 
 
 • •••••••• 
 
 Bulkynton. 
 
 Rogerus de Barton cepit in excessu in au- 
 tumpno ii s. et est vacuus et non vult operare nec 
 seruire et alias finiuit. 
 
 Willelmus Martyn est a longo 1 vacuus et 
 potuit operare set illud recusat omnino. 
 
 Margeria Martyn elongauit et retinuit Willel- 
 mum Martyn, seruientem Iohannis de Couentre, a 
 seruicio dicti Iohannis etc. 
 
 • •••••♦»• 
 
 (A long list of presentments for receipt of ex¬ 
 cess wages follows, most of the offenders belong¬ 
 ing to Coventry.) 
 
 m. 2. Sessio Iohannis Sparry et sociorum suorum 
 
 apud Solyhull die Veneris in septimana Pasche, 
 anno regni . . . tricesimo primo. 
 
 • •«•••••• 
 
 Presentacio constabulariorum hundredi de 
 Humer. 
 
 • •••••••• 
 
 Aston. 
 
 . . . Willelmus, filius Willelmi Watten, non 
 
 vult iustificari ad seruiendum et est rebellis. 
 
 Pollesworth. 
 
 Item David Walsheman recusauit artem suam. 
 Adam, seruiens Willelmi Dodenhale, est rebellis 
 et recusauit iurare coram dicto constabulario. 
 
 1 MS. aln. 
 
226 * 
 m. 2 d. 
 
 m. 3 Path’ 
 
 Barlichway. 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 Presentacio constabulariorum hundredi de 
 Kyngton. 
 
 Pabyngton. 
 
 • •••••••• 
 
 Willelmus Marchal cepit pro operacione vnius 
 pecie ferri ii d. obolum et pro ferro equino i d. 
 obolum. 
 
 • «••••••• 
 
 Sessio lohannis de Conyngesby et sociorum 
 suorum apud Stretford die Sabbati proximo post 
 festum Exaltacionis Sancte Crucis anno xxxi m0 . 
 
 Stretford. 
 
 Constabularius presentat quod dominus Iohan- 
 nes Rydel, monachus de Sounger, Henricus, bal- 
 liuus de Clifford Chaumberleyn, . . . P condux- 
 erunt messores in autumpno per diem pro v d. 
 vel vi d. contra formam ordinacionis et statuti etc. 
 
 (Presentments follow for hiring “messores in 
 autumpno pro duplici salario solito, videlicet pro 
 vi d. per diem. ,, ) 
 
 Sessio lohannis de Conyngesby et sociorum 
 suorum apud Alyncestre die Lune proximo post 
 festum Exaltacionis Sancte Crucis anno supra- 
 dicto. 
 
 • •«•»•••* 
 
 Stodleye. 
 
 Constabularius presentat quod Margeria, ser- 
 uiens lohannis Buryman, recessit a villa de Stod¬ 
 leye in autumpno pro maiore salario habendo. . . . 
 
 • •••••••• 
 
 Alyncestre. 
 
 Constabularius presentat quod Iohanna Cherle- 
 
 ‘ Nine others. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 2 2 J * 
 
 ford,! Iohanna Pupelton,| Cristiana Webbe, Pe- 
 tronilla Romay,J et Alicia Palmere ceperunt per 
 diem in autumpno iiii d. et noluerunt seruire infra 
 villam de Alyncestre causa maioris salarii lucri. 
 • •••••• •• 
 
 Snytenfeld. 
 
 Constabularius presentat quod nulli seruientes, 
 operarii nec artifices fecerunt contra statutum etc. 
 
 Inquisicio de Iuratores hundredi de Barlichway, vicelicet Ra- 
 
 Alyncestre. dulfus Pauncefot et socii sui presentant [etc.]. 
 
 Item prepositus de Cherlecote allocauit mes- 
 sores per diem in autumpno pro vi d. publice. 
 
 m. 3 d. Path’ Sessio Iohannis Conyngesby et sociorum su- 
 orum apud Henleye, die Martis proximo post 
 festum Sancte Fidiei virginis anno xxxi. 
 
 Barlichway.Iuratores hundredi de Barlichway 
 
 Inquisicio. presentant. 
 
 Item presentant quod Alicia Portreve,J vxor 
 Willelmi Portreve de Henleye, dat excessiua sala- 
 ria mulieribus filantibus. 
 
 Item presentant quod Galfridus de Welneford, 
 rector ecclesie de Kynenarton, dedit duobus fa- 
 mulis suis pro termino yhemali viii s. cum libera- 
 cionibus eorum et cibo cotidiano percipiendo in 
 aula sua. 
 
 DATES AND PLACES OF SESSIONS. 
 
 m. I. Warwick. 1 31 st year. Monday after St. Gregory, 
 
 Pope (12 March). 
 
 Coventry. Tuesday ditto. 
 
 Monday before Annunciation 
 of Blessed Virgin Mary 
 (25 March). 
 
 'Town of. 
 
228 * APPENDIX 
 
 m. 1 d. 
 
 
 Tuesday ditto. 
 
 
 Colleshull. 
 
 Wednesday ditto. 
 
 
 Warwick. 
 
 Monday after Annunciation. 
 
 
 Coventry. 
 
 Wednesday in Easter week. 
 
 
 Warwick. 
 
 Thursday ditto. 
 
 m. 2. 
 
 Solyhull. 
 
 Friday ditto. 
 
 m. 3. 
 
 Stratford. 
 
 Saturday after Exaltation of 
 Cross (14 Sept.). 
 
 
 Alyncestre. 
 
 Monday ditto. 
 
 m. 3 d. 
 
 Henleye. 
 
 Tuesday after St. Faith (6 
 
 
 Alyncestre. 
 
 Oct.). 
 
 - 1 after Epiphany (6 
 
 Jan.). 
 
 13 days; 7 places. 
 
 
 Endorsement of roll. 
 
 Memorandum quod prefati iusticiarii tenuerunt ses- 
 siones suas in diuersis locis infra comitatum ad omnia 
 predicta terminanda et ad querelas conquerencium audi- 
 endas et similiter terminandas per xxvii dies, quorum 
 fines patent in rotulo de finibus, videlicet in anno presenti 
 post vltimutn diem suprascriptum. 
 
 t XVI. Assize Roll, Wiltshire, 1018. 26 Edw. III. 16 mem¬ 
 
 branes. 
 
 Praesentationes. 
 
 This roll consists entirely of proceedings on the statutes of 
 labourers “ coram deputatis iusticiariorum Regis,” as well as 
 before the justices themselves, and is especially valuable for 
 the variety of occupations represented by the offenders. I give 
 no extracts from it, as it was translated by Miss E. M. Thomp¬ 
 son and printed in the Wiltshire Archceological and Natural 
 History Magazine, xxxiii, under the title of “ Offenders against 
 the Statute of Labourers in Wiltshire, A. D. 1349.” 
 
 1 No day. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 229 * 
 
 m. 7 contains the following heading: 
 
 Responsum Iohannis de Flory et Walteri de Littlecote depu- 
 tatorum iusticiariorum domini Regis in Kynbridge apud Deuises 
 die Lune in festo Sancti Barnabe anno xxvi t0 . 
 
 Inquisicio capta apud Kynbridge coram Iohanne de Flory et 
 Waltero de Littlecote deputatis Willelmi de Schareshull et soci¬ 
 orum suorum die Mercurii proximo post festum Sancte Trini- 
 tatis anno regni .... xx° sexto per sacramentum. . . . 
 
 On 15 March, 1351, William de Shareshull and six others 
 were appointed on the joint commission of the peace and for 
 labourers; see “List of justices,” app., B, 3. 
 
 {XVII. Ancient Indictments, Wiltshire, 131. 29 Edw. III. 1 
 
 This roll consists entirely of proceedings on the statutes of 
 labourers “ coram deputatis iusticiariorum.” 
 
 m. 2. Kyngbridge. 
 
 Presentaciones et examinaciones facte coram Wil- 
 lelmo de Chuselden et sociis suis deputatis iusticia¬ 
 riorum in eodem hundredo anno regni . . xxix 0 . 
 
 • ••••••• 
 
 Finis. Et quod Stephanus Hobecok, tannere, cepit excessiue 
 de diuersis hominibus ii s. 
 
 Quia habet Et quod Iohannes le Soutere de Netherworfton 
 terram qui alias iuratus fuit ad excercendum artem su- 
 
 sufficientem. toris etc. dictam artem recusauit contra formam 
 statuti. 
 
 Finis. Et quod Willelmus Burgh, stonleggere, cepit 
 
 excessiue pro arte sua xii d. 
 
 m. 3. Responsum deputatorum de Candon et Cadeworth. 
 
 «••••••• 
 
 Iohannes Blampe, seruiens de Berford, summonitus 
 fuit coram deputatis et non venit. 
 
 Alexander Merchant, seruiens de Hurdkote, summo- 
 
 ’M. 7 includes the 28th year. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 230 * 
 
 nitus fuit coram deputatis apud Netheraton et noluit 
 venire. 
 
 Idem Alexander de villa summonitus fuit coram de¬ 
 putatis apud Notton et noluit venire. 
 
 m. 4. Noua Sarum. 
 
 »••••••• 
 
 Iohannes Stut elongauit et receptauit Cristinam Con- 
 ynges a seruicio Iohannis Iustice ante finem termini 
 inter eos concordati sine causa racionabili vel licencia 
 recedendi 1 etc.; manucaptores Iohannes Scut, Iohan¬ 
 nes Cole, Thomas Webbe. 
 
 • ••••••• 
 
 Iohannes Charlemayn non est prosecutus versus Ricar- 
 dum Pateneye de placito noui statuti. 
 
 Plegii de prosequendo, Thomas Tuffe, Iohannes de 
 Langeforde. 
 
 (ms. 5, 6, 7, contain lists of labourers and craftsmen, weavers, 
 butchers, etc., in various districts who were guilty of 
 the receipt of excess wages and prices.) 
 
 m. 8. Hundredum de Werminstre. 
 
 • ••••••• 
 
 Finis Alicia Pryns, braciatrix, cepit excessiue prius indictata 
 xl d. 
 
 Finis. Agnes Stiles, braciatrix, cepit,excessiue vi d. 
 
 «••••••* 
 
 Finis Emma Bledon, braciatrix, cepit excessiue xii d. 
 
 • ••••••• 
 
 Margareta Taillour, filatrix, cepit excessiue xii d. 
 
 Finis. Alicia Rattes, filatrix, cepit excessiue iii d. 
 
 • • • * • • • • • 
 m. 9. Worwelesdon. 
 
 1 MS. recedent. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 231 * 
 
 Finis. Iohannes Elys, braciator, cepit excessiue xii d. 
 
 Finis. Emma Goldes, filatrix, cepit excessiue xii d. 
 
 • ■ * * • • • • • 
 Finis. Iohannes Ballare, senior, triturarius, cepit excessiue 
 xii d. 
 
 Finis. Iohannes Howes, carnifex, cepit excessiue xii d. 
 
 *•••#••• 
 m. 12. Selkele. Responsurn deputatorum ibidem. 
 
 Finis. Nicholaus Danyel de Ricardeston, triturarius, cognouit 
 quod percepit pro iiii quarteriis ordei viii d. et sic cepit 
 excessiue ii d. 
 
 Idem Nicholaus $ et Cristina vxor eius metierunt fru- 
 mentum per vi dies in autumpno et ceperunt xvi mam 
 - garbam, quequidarn garba preualuit alias de tanto, quod 
 quilibet cepit per diem excessiue i d. 
 
 • ••••••• 
 
 Henricus Faber f de Henton cepit per totum annum 
 ad fabricandum i libram de spaynyschire iii quarteria. 
 Iohannes J Tullok de Rabbedestone, braciator, vetuit 
 vendere ceruisiam extra domum, set earn custodit de 
 vno die ad aliam quod earn carius vendat etc. 
 
 J XVIIL Assize Roll, Wiltshire, 1019. 31 Edw. III. 3 mem¬ 
 branes. 
 
 Inquisitiones de ponderibus, mensuris, etc. 
 
 Although the larger part of this roll consists of offences 
 against the statute of weights and measures, it also contains 
 instances of offences against the wages and price clauses of 
 the statutes of labourers. The following entry explains its 
 preservation: 
 
 Mem. K. R., 34, Hill., Breu. Baron., rot. 7 d. 
 
 pro Rege Rex thesaurario et baronibus suis de scaccario, salu- 
 tem. Quandam bagam cum quibusdam rotulis et re- 
 cordis in eadem inclusis nobis in cancellariam nostram 
 
2^2 * 
 
 m. i. 
 
 Finis. 
 
 Finis. 
 
 Finis. 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 per Iohannem de Roches et socios suos nuper iustici- 
 arios nostros ad statuta de operariis, seruientibus et 
 artificibus ac de mensuris et ponderibus abusis in comi- 
 tatu Wilt’ custodienda assignatos de mandato nostro 
 missam, vobis mittimus, mandantes quod dictam 
 bagam cum rotulis et recordis predictis recipiatis et 
 inde faciatis quod fore videritis faciendum. 
 
 Teste Thoma filio nostro carissimo custode Anglie, 
 apud Redynges, xxx die Ianuarii anno regni nostri 
 Anglie tricesimo quarto, regni vero nostri Francie 
 vicesimo primo. 
 
 Inquisicio capta apud Deuyses die Mercurii in septi- 
 mana Pasche coram Iohanne Euerard et sociis suis 
 iusticiariis domini Regis assignatis per commissionem 
 domini Regis anno regni Regis Edwardi tercii post 
 conquestum xxxi 0 per sacramentum 1 . . . . qui dicunt 
 super sacramentum suum quod omnes subsequentes 
 nominati vendiderunt [et] emerunt per mensuras non 
 concordantes ad standardum et excessive ceperunt. 
 
 • • • • • 
 
 (On 5 Feb. 1357, Everard, de Roches and atte 
 Bergh were appointed justices of labourers and of 
 weights and measures; see “List of justices,” app. ? 
 B, 3-) 
 
 Quedhampton. 
 
 • ••••••• 
 
 Iohannes le Fysschere, senior, pistor, cepit excessiue 
 vi d. 
 
 • ••• •••• 
 
 Iohannes Oldebury, dobbere, cepit excessiue vi d. 
 
 • ••••••• 
 
 Robertus Muleward, carpentarius, cepit excessiue vi d.. 
 
 Sharreneton. 
 
 1 Names of the jurors. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 233 * 
 
 Finis. Iohannes Shoppere, cissor, cepit excessiue vi d. 
 
 Finis. Iohannes Crowere, braciator, cepit excessiue vi d. 
 
 • ••••• • • 
 Hanggynggelangeford. 
 
 Walterus le Smyth, sunyere, cepit excessive ii d. 
 
 • ••••«•• 
 
 m. 1 d. Tydolueshyde. 
 
 • ••••••• 
 
 Roger us Hay don, braciator, cepit excessiue iii d. finis. 
 • ••(•••• 
 
 Walterus Pullyng, carnifex, cepit excessiue iii d. 
 
 • ••••• •• 
 
 Willelmus Floxhalkere, triturarius, cepit excessiue iii d. 
 • •••«• •• 
 
 m. 3. Inquisicio capta coram Iohanne de Roches, Waltero 
 
 Attebergh et Iohanne Everard die Lune proxima ante 
 festum Annunciacionis beate Marie anno regni Regis 
 Edwardi tercii a conquestu xxxi° iusticiariis domini 
 Regis ad audiendum et terminandum omnes transgres- 
 siones factas in comitatu Wiltes’ per mensuras exces- 
 siuas cuiuscumque mensure seu ponderis contra ordi- 
 nacionem domini Regis nunc, et eciam predecessorum 
 suorum a tempore quo non extitit memoria, et eciam 
 super operarios, laborarios et alios contentos in ordi- 
 nacione domini Regis capientes mercedes excessiuas 
 de nouo constituta 1 et edita et de assensu communis 
 consilii magnatum regni sui per sacramentum. 
 
 (Presentments by jurors of a long list of “vendi- 
 tores ” and of five “ emptores ” guilty of excess 
 prices.) 
 
 Omnes isti infrascripti et extra, venditores et 
 emptores vnusquisque in gradu suo, vendiderunt et 
 emerunt per buschellos excessiuos. Set dicunt dicti 
 iurati quod dicti venditores quicquid vendiderunt ex- 
 
 1 Probably 27 Edw. Ill, st. 1, c. 3; cf. app., 17. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 234 * 
 
 cessiue contra voluntatem suam hoc fecerunt quia 
 totum ad dampnum eorum. Set dicunt eciam quod 
 emptores infrascripti et extra, ut in ciuitatibus 1 et 
 burgis et aliis villis mercatoriis, pistores, braciatores et 
 alii mercatores emptores fecerunt buschellos suos ita 
 excessiuos et per longum tempus sic eos continuarunt 
 et adbuc continuant, ita quod nullus venditor aliter 
 potest blada sua vendere et sic mensuram rectam 
 domini Regis et predecessorum suorum spreuerunt et 
 omnino deliquerunt ad graue [dampnum] domini 
 Regis, magnatum suorum et aliorum terras tenendum 
 regni sui. 
 
 In cuius rei testimonium sigilla sua apposuerunt. 
 
 • •••••#• 
 m. 3 d. Isti subscript sunt qui ceperunt mercedem excessiue 
 in eadem villa (Fouente). 
 
 Robertus Warde, laborarius, cepit excessiue vi d. 
 Iohannes Silke, victualarius, cepit excessive xii d. 
 Johannes Coke, victualarius, cepit excessive xii d. 
 Willelmus Mulewarde cepit in excessu vi d. 
 
 Iohannes Rede, laborarius, cepit in excessu xii d. 
 Rogerus Chalunners, laborarius, cepit in excessu ii s. 
 Iohannes Rolfe, braciator, cepit in excessu vi d. 
 Ricardus Tiverton, victualarius, cepit in excessu iii d. 
 Iohannes Bocher, laborarius, cepit in excessu iii d. 
 
 (An undated writ 2 at end of roll.) 
 
 Thomas Hungerford, vicecomes Wilt’, balliuo hundredi de 
 Alwardby, salutem. Ex precepto Iohannis de Roches et soci¬ 
 orum suorum iusticiariorum domini Regis tibi mando quod dis¬ 
 tringas priorem del Iuychurch, Henricum le Foxhuntere . . . . 3 
 ita quod habeas corpora eorum coram prefatis iusticiariis apud 
 
 *MS. ciuibus. 
 
 ‘Attached to it are sixteen narrow slips of parchment containing 
 some of the names in the body of the writ. 
 
 S A long list of indicted. 
 
DOCUMENTS , LISTS AND TABLES 235 * 
 
 Nouum Sarum die Lune proximo post festum Sancti Nicholai 
 ad respondendum domino Regi quare emerunt et vendiderunt 
 per mensuras discordantes standardo. Et tu ibidem sis cum 
 sufficienti responso tuo et hoc mandato. 
 
 Ancient Indictments, 164. Divers Counties. 1 
 
 Edwardus, Dei gracia Rex Anglie et Francie et dominus 
 Hibernie, vicecomiti Wiltes’, salutem. Precipimus tibi quod 
 exigi facias Walterum atte Bergh,| 2 braciatorem hundredi de 
 Caine, Ricardum Barleger,J braciatorem, et Cristiniam,{ 
 vxorem Willelmi Thomelyn, braciatricem de eodem hundredo, 
 Willelmum J le carpenter de Xmmere, hundredi de Swan- 
 borough, Cristiniam Tabours de Schawe, Margeriam Sylle de 
 Wylecote, vitellarias,;j; Willelmum Dounyng de Escote, carpen- 
 tarium, et Margaretam Magotes de eodem hundredo de Swan- 
 borough, Willelmum Ioye, triturarium hundredi de Caine, Wil¬ 
 lelmum $ Muleward, messorem hundredi de Alwardby, Cris¬ 
 tiniam J Dorsete, Iohannem J Coo, Editham J Muleward, Iuli- 
 anam le Batyere, Radulfum J Lollow, Rogerum Waleys, Tho- 
 mam le Tayllour, Ricardum le Webbe de Westdeone, Isabel- 
 lam | Laurentz, messorem,J Cristiniam J le Freynsche, mes¬ 
 sorem, Robertum Boucher J de Westdeone, Aliciam J la Deye, 
 messorem, Elenam ;j: Wylies, messorem, et Streche atte Forde 
 de eodem hundredo de Alwardby, Iohannem Chesman, tayl¬ 
 lour, Iohannem le Smith de Deuises et Nicholaum le Smith 
 de Nywebury, de comitatu in comitatum quousque secundum 
 legem et consuetudinem regni nostri Anglie vtlagentur si non 
 comparuerint. Et si comparuerint tunc eos capias et saluo 
 custodiri facias ita quod habeas corpora eorum coram dilectis 
 et fidelibus nostris Willelmo de Schareshulle et sociis suis ius- 
 ticiariis nostris ad omnes excessus in comitatu tuo factos 
 audiendos et terminandos assignatis apud Nouum Sarum die 
 
 1 1 print extracts from the roll for Wilts, as completing the process 
 already given in the three preceding Wilts, rolls. 
 
 2 The t indicates that sr, meaning “supersedeas," is written over the 
 name in the original. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 236 * 
 
 Martis proximo post festum Sancti Iohannis ante Portam Lati- 
 nam ad respondendum nobis de diuersis excessubus vnde in- 
 dictati sunt. Et habeas ibidem inde responsum tuum et hoc 
 breve. 
 
 Teste I. de Roches, apud Deuises, vi t0 die Nouembris, anno 
 regni nostri Anglie vicesimo octauo, regni vero nostri Francie 
 quinto decimo. 
 
 (On the dorse of above writ) : 
 
 Ego Iohannes Euerard vicecomes exigi feci Walterum atte 
 Bergh, braciatorem hundredi de Caine et omnes alios in isto 
 breui nominatos quousque quidam eorum venerunt et tulerunt 
 brevia domini Regis de supersedeas, quidam vtlagati fuerunt et 
 quidam Iohannes le Smyth de Deuises venit et reddidit se 
 prisone domini Regis prout in recordo et processu inde habitis 
 huic brevi annexatis plenius continetur; que quidem breuia de 
 supersedendo sunt huic breui consuta. Et corpus predicti 
 Iohannis le Smyth habebo coram vobis ad diem et locum infra- 
 scriptos prout in isto breui michi precipitur. 
 
 Ad comitatum tentum apud Wilton die Martis proximo post 
 festum Sancti Martini episcopi primo exacti sunt. 
 
 Edwardus, Dei gracia Rex Anglie et Francie et dominus 
 Hibernie, vicecomiti Wiltes’, salutem. Cum nuper tibi precep- 
 erimus per breue nostrum quod exigi faceres Walterum atte 
 Bergh, braciatorem hundredi de Caine, Ricardum Barleger, 
 braciatorem et Cristiniam, vxorem Willelmi Thomelyn, bracia- 
 tricem de eodem hundredo, de comitatu in comitatum quousque 
 secundum legem et consuetudinem regni nostri Anglie vtla- 
 gentur, si non comparuissent. Et si comparuissent, tunc eos 
 caperes et saluo custodiri faceres, ita quod haberes corpora 
 eorum coram dilectis et fklelibus nostris Willelmo de Schares- 
 hull et sociis suis iusticiariis nostris ad omnes excessus in 
 comitatu tuo factos audiendos et terminandos assignatis apud 
 Nouum Sarum die Martis proximo post festum Sancti Iohannis 
 ante Portam Latinam ad respondendum nobis de diuersis ex¬ 
 cessubus vnde indictati sunt: ac postmodum predicti Walterus, 
 Ricardus et Cristinia venerunt coram prefatis iusticiariis et 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 23 7 * 
 
 satisfecerunt nobis pro excessubus predictis. Ideo tibi pre- 
 cipimus quod de eisdem Waltero, Ricardo et Cristina vlterius 
 exigendo, capiendo, vtlagando, seu quouismodo molestando 
 occasione predicta supersedeas omnino. 
 
 Teste G. de Berewyk, apud Nouum Sarum, xxv t0 die No- 
 uembris, anno regni nostri Anglie vicesimo octauo, regni vero 
 nostri Francie quinto decimo. 
 
 (There follow similar writs of supersedeas for William 
 Muleward, Cristina Dorsete, John Coo, Edith Muleward, Ralph 
 Lollow, Isabella Laurentz, Christina le Freynsche, Robert Bou¬ 
 cher and Ellen Wylies, dated at New Sarum, 24 Feb., 29th 
 year, and for William the carpenter of Immere, and Alice la 
 Deye, dated at New Sarum, 4 March, 29th year.) 
 
 Wiltes’ Comitatus tentus apud Wilton, die Martis proximo 
 post festum Sancti Martini, anno regni Regis Edwardi tercii 
 post conquestum vicesimo octauo. 
 
 Ad hunc comitatum dominus Rex mandauit hie breue suum 
 in hec verba. Edwardus, Dei gracia etc. (the above writ of 
 exigend is quoted in full) ; virtute cuius breuis predictus 
 Walterus atte Berwe, braciator hundredi de Caine et omnes alii 
 supradicti ad hunc diem primo exacti fuerunt. Et non com- 
 paruerunt. Ideo secundo exigantur ad proximum comitatum. 
 
 Comitatus tentus apud Wilton, die Martis proximo post fes¬ 
 tum Sancte Lucie virginis, anno supradicto [anno vicesimo 
 octauo]. 
 
 Ad hunc comitatum Walterus atte Berwe, braciator hundredi 
 de Caine et omnes alii superius nominati secundo exacti fuerunt 
 per breue domini Regis ad respondendum domino Regi de 
 diuersis excessubus vnde indictati sunt. Et non comparuerunt. 
 Ideo tercio exigantur ad proximum comitatum. 
 
 Comitatus tentus apud Wilton, die Martis in festo Sancti 
 Hillarii, anno supradicto. 
 
 Ad hunc comitatum Walterus atte Berwe, braciator hun¬ 
 dredi de Caine et omnes alii superius nominati tercio exacti 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 238 * 
 
 fuerunt per breue dorriini Regis ad respondendum domino Regi 
 de diuersis excessubus vnde indictati sunt. Et non comparu- 
 erunt. Ideo quarto exigantur ad proximum comitatum. 
 
 Comitatus tentus apud Wilton, die Martis in festo Sancte 
 Scolastice virginis, anno vicesimo nono. 
 
 Ad hunc comitatum Walterus atte Berwe, braciator hun- 
 dredi de Caine et omnes alii superius nominati quarto exacti 
 fuerunt per breue domini Regis ad respondendum domino Regi 
 de diuersis excessubus vnde indictati sunt et non comparuerunt. 
 Sed quidam Iohannes Broun venit et manucepit eos de habendo 
 ipsos ad proximum comitatum. 
 
 Comitatus tentus apud Wilton, die Martis proximo ante fes- 
 tum Sancti Gregorii Pape, anno xxix 0 supradicto. 
 
 Ad hunc comitatum Walterus atte Berwe, braciator hundredi 
 de Caine et omnes alii superius nominati quinto exacti fuerunt 
 per breue domini Regis ad respondendum domino Regi de 
 diuersis excessubus vnde indictati sunt. Et ipsi omnes preter 
 Cristinam Tabours de Shawe, Margeriam Sille de Wilcote, 
 vitellarias, Willelmum Dounyng de Escote, carpentarium, Mar- 
 garetam Magotes, Willelmum Ioye, triturarium, Iulianam le 
 Batiere, Rogerum Waleys, Thomam le Taillour, Ricardum le 
 Webbe de Westdeone, Streche atte Forde, Iohannem Chesman, 
 tailour, Iohannem le Smyth de Deuises et Nicholaum le 
 Smyth de Nywebury, venerunt et tulerunt breuia domini Regis 
 de supersedendo; virtute quorum breuium Iohannes Euerard, 
 vicecomes, de ipsis vlterius exigendo, vtlagando seu capiendo 
 occasione premissa omnino supersedit. Et predictus Iohannes 
 le Smyth venit et reddit se prisone domini Regis et predicti 
 Cristina Tabours, Margeria Sille, Willelmus Dounyng, Marga- 
 reta Magotes, Willelmus Ioye, Iuliana le Batiere, Rogerus 
 Waleys, Thomas le Taillour, Ricardus le Webbe, Streche atte 
 Forde, Iohannes Chesman et Nicholaus le Smyth non com¬ 
 paruerunt. Ideo secundum legem et consuetudinem regni An- 
 glie vtlagati et weyfiate in presencia Roberti de Echelhampton 
 et Roberti de Remmesbury coronatorum domini Regis. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 239* 
 
 For an excellent example of a pardon for outlawry of an 
 offender convicted before the justices of labourers in Wilts., 
 cf. Pat., 27, pt. 2, m. 14; Cal., ix, 485. 1 For an example of a 
 certificate of the process of outlawry sent into chancery by 
 the justices and always mentioned in the pardon, cf. County 
 Placita, York, W. R., no. 61. 
 
 The roll described in List of Plea Rolls under “Coroners’ 
 Rolls ” as Rotulus Coronatoris, Wilts., 198, 7 membranes, 
 proves to be a roll of exigends of a long list of offenders 
 convicted before the justices of labourers during the years 28- 
 31 Edw. III. It includes the same full details of process as 
 does the roll just quoted, but gives very many more names of 
 offenders. Likewise, Coroners’ Rolls, Suffolk, 175, 28-31 Edw. 
 Ill, 12 membranes, and 176, 29 Edw. Ill, 7 membranes, each 
 described as Rotulus Coronatoris, prove to be rolls of exigends; 
 they include instances of offenders against the statutes of 
 labourers convicted before the justices of labourers as well as 
 in the upper courts. 2 
 
 2. Records illustrating the supervision of the justices in session. 
 (Cf. pt. 1, ch. ii, 7.) 
 
 INTRODUCTORY NOTE. 
 
 Assize Rolls. 
 
 These have already been referred to as catalogued in List 
 of Plea Rolls, in some cases with inadequate description of 
 their character. My examination of the series was with the 
 specific purpose of identifying sessional records, and there¬ 
 fore included only a cursory glance at rolls that were plainly 
 rolls of oyer and terminer; but even this slight investigation 
 showed several instances where the justices were under in¬ 
 dictment for misdeeds in session, and there are probably more 
 such instances. 
 
 Chancery as a Court of Law. 
 
 The latter half of the fourteenth century is the period dur- 
 
 1 Cf. also app., F, 2. 
 
 5 Pt. ii, ch. ii, s. 1, and app., F, 2. 
 
2 40 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 * 
 
 mg which the process of separation of the jurisdiction of the 
 chancellor from that of the council began,—a process that was 
 not completed until the next century. Cf. Palgrave, The 
 Kings Council; Spence, Equitable Jurisdiction of Chancery, 
 especially v. i, pt. 2, bk. 1, chs. 2, 3 and 4; and Baildon, Select 
 Cases from Chancery, especially introduction, xvi et seq., xxix- 
 xxx, and xlv. See also Mr. Baldwin’s article on the council 
 in Trans. Royal Hist. Soc., xix, 47 - 54 , for an account of the 
 judicial side of the council at a little earlier date. 
 
 The case recorded by Burton, in Chron. de Melsa (see pt. i, 
 ch. ii, s. 7), is an excellent example of the difficulty during this 
 transition period of making clear-cut distinctions between the 
 jurisdiction of the king, the king’s council, and the chancellor; 
 undoubtedly further study will show similar cases. 
 
 Judicial proceedings on the equity side are usually said to 
 have been formally recorded only from the reign of Richard II; 
 cf. Baildon, op. cit., and List of Early Chancery Proceedings, 
 v. i, Lists and Indexes, no. xii. 
 
 The series known as County Placita are classified by Scargill- 
 Bird, op. cit., under “Chancery, common law side”—a classifi¬ 
 cation which according to Mr. Pike (“Common Law and Con¬ 
 science” in Law Quarterly Review, i) is not always correct. 
 He analyzes one of the documents in the series to show that it 
 comes under the head of equity, not common law, and quotes 
 it as proof of his contention that at this date there is no 
 broadly marked distinction between the two types of judicial 
 functions. 
 
 The County Placita include transcripts of proceedings 
 brought into chancery by writ of certiorari and often sent hence 
 by a mittimus into other courts. A manuscript catalogue 
 gives county, regnal year, and a brief summary of contents. 
 For this decade there are three rolls of transcripts of pro¬ 
 ceedings before the justices of labourers, one of which seems 
 to be merely a part of the regular outlawry process. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 241 
 
 * 
 
 King’s Bench. 
 
 Coram Rege Rolls. Cf. pt. ii, ch. ii, s. 1, for description. 
 
 A very slight search through these rolls showed several in- 
 teresting proceedings before the justices of labourers, and an 
 exhaustive examination would undoubtedly discover more. 
 
 The series known as Ancient Indictments contains several in¬ 
 stances where justices are indicted “ coram Rege ” for extor¬ 
 tion in their sessions. 
 
 Extracts from Assise Rolls, Coram Rege Rolls and County 
 
 Placita. 
 
 Assize Roll, Lancaster, 436, 28-29 Edw. III. (Annis Ducatus 
 iiii t0 et v t0 .) 16 membranes. 
 
 Indictamenta capta apud Preston coram eisdem (i. e. 
 Thoma de Seton et sociis suis). 
 
 Placita querelarum et Coronae. 
 
 “Cokayn” 
 
 m. 1. Indictamenta capta coram T. de Seton et sociis suis 
 iusticiariis domini ducis Lane’ apud Preston die Mer- 
 curii post festum Sancti Matthei apostoli anno duca¬ 
 tus quarto. 
 
 m. 2 d. Derbishire. Secunda Inquisicio de eadem sessione. 
 
 (William de Chorley, clerk of the wapentake of 
 Derby, is indicted for conspiracy.) Et dicunt quod 
 Trans- cum Iohannes de Linlegh indictatus fuit coram lo- 
 gressio. hanne Hauerington et sociis suis iusticiariis de nouo 
 statuto de excessu, predictus Willelmus de Chorlay, 
 clericus iusticiariorum predictorum, ipsum Iohannem 
 de indictamento predicto recusauit et vnum alium 
 Iohannem de Legh per falsitatem ipsius Willelmi in- 
 trauit, die Martis proximo post festum Sancti Hil- 
 larii, anno xxvii°. 
 
242 * APPENDIX 
 
 m. io. Indictamenta capta apud Preston coram I. Cokayn 
 et sociis suis iusticiariis domini ducis Lane’ die Lune 
 proximo ante festum Sancti Laurencii, anno ducatus 
 Lane’ quinto. 
 
 Ammundernesse. 
 
 Item dicunt quod [cum] quidam Iohannes de Lyn- 
 legh, seruiens, et indictatus coram iusticiariis seruien- 
 cium et per processum exigatus fuit in comitatu, tunc 
 Willelmus de Chorley, clericus predictorum iusticia- 
 riorum, rasuram fecit del Lyn in decepcione cuiusdam 
 Iohannis del Legh; qui quidam Iohannes del Legh 
 vtlagatus fuit in loco predicti Iohannis de Lynlegh 
 causa decepcionis predicti Willelmi et predicte rasure 
 del Lyn pro qua causa predictus Iohannes del Legh 
 omnia bona sua amisit. 
 
 Assize Roll, Lincoln, 524. 26-27 Edw. III. 3 membranes. 
 
 Placita Coronae coram eisdem (i. e. de Skypwyth et sociis 
 suis). 
 
 Praesentationes et Indictamenta. 
 
 (For the composite nature of the roll, see app., 195.) 
 
 m. 3. Presentaciones facte 1 apud Ludam coram Willelmo 
 de Skypwyth et sociis suis iusticiariis domini Regis ad 
 diuersos felonias, transgressiones, oppressiones, extor- 
 siones, dampna, grauamina, contemptus et excessus in 
 comitatu Lincoln’ facta, audienda et terminanda assig- 
 natis die Lune proximo post festum Sancte Trinitatis, 
 
 anno regni.vicesimo septimo .... 
 
 Iurati diuersorum wapentaciorum presentant quod 
 Hugo Cressy, constabularius castri Lincoln’, cepit per 
 extorsionem et colorem officii sui decern et nouem libras 
 argenti pro feodo suo de Roberto atte Beck et multis aliis 
 indictatis coram Gilberto de Umframuill, comite de Ane- 
 
 1 MS. factos. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 243 * 
 
 gos et sociis suis iusticiariis domini Regis etc. assignatis 
 et custodibus pacis de excessubus contra formam statuti 
 de operariis inde editi, 1 pro quo excessu idem Robertus 
 et multi alii de comitatu predicto finem fecerunt coram 
 prefato comite et sociis suis iusticiariis domini Regis 
 apud Lincoln’ anno regni domini Regis nunc Anglie 
 vicesimo quarto, et sic idem Hugo cepit anno vicesimo 
 quarto predicto summam predictam in depauperacionem 
 populi domini Regis. 
 
 Per quod preceptum est vicecomiti quod venire faciat 
 predictum Hugonem apud Ludam coram Willelmo de 
 Skypwyth et sociis suis iusticiariis etc., die Mercurii 
 proximo ante festum Corporis Christi, ad responden¬ 
 dum etc. 
 
 Ad quern diem apud Ludam coram prefatis Willelmo 
 de Skypwyth et sociis suis iusticiariis etc. venit pre- 
 dictus Hugo in propria persona sua et quesitum est per 
 prefatos iusticiarios a prefato Hugone qualiter se velit 
 de premissis super ipsum presentatis acquietare. Dicit 
 quod ipse alias die Mercurii proximo post Clausum 
 Pasche anno regni Regis nunc Anglie vicesimo sexto, 
 coram Willelmo de Skypwyth et Iohanne de Moubray 
 iusticiariis domini Regis etc. apud Lincoln’ extitit indic- 
 tatus de eo quod ipse cepit colore officii sui viginti libras 
 sterlingorum pro feodo suo de operatoribus et artificibus 
 qui coram predicto comite et sociis suis iusticiariis etc. 
 de diuersis excessubus indictati fuerunt et occasionibus 
 illis finem cum domino Rege fecerunt; pro quibus qui- 
 dem viginti libris ipse coram prefato Willelmo de Skyp¬ 
 wyth et Iohanne de Moubray die et anno predictis finem 
 
 1 There is some difficulty about Umframvill’s appointment. In the 
 commissio 1 for labourers of 12 Nov., 1350 for Lindsey ( cf . pt. 1, ch. i, 
 s. 1.) he is referred to as keeper of the peace for the district, but his 
 name does not appear in the commission of the peace of 10 Feb. of that 
 year {Cal. I at. Rolls, viii, 516) although a few days later {ibid., 527, 
 and app., 33) he was appointed on the joint commission for Holland 
 and Kesteven. 
 
244 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 fecit cum domino Rege prout patet per rotulos predic- 
 torum Willelmi de Skypwyth et Iohannis de Moubray; 
 qui quidem rotuii affilantur inter rotulos predictorum 
 Willelmi et Iohannis de deliberacionibus gaole Regis 
 castri Lincoln’ etc. Et dicit quod predicte decern et 
 novem libre unde ipse modo indictatus est fuerunt par- 
 cella de preaictis viginti libris; et quod postquam per 
 consilium domini Regis ordinatum fuit quod nullus min¬ 
 ister, iusticiarius nec alius officiarius feoda aliqua de 
 operariis et seruientibus caperet, 1 ipse colore officii sui 
 nullos denarios cepit, nec postquam ipse fecit finem cum 
 domino Rege occasione predicta per extorsionem prout 
 per presentacionem predictam supponitur, et hoc paratus 
 est verificare etc. 
 
 Ideo fiat inde iurata. lurati super premissis electi, 
 ......... Ideo ipse eat inde sine die etc. 
 
 County Placita, Bedford, no. 9. 
 
 Edwardus, Dei gracia Rex Anglie et Francie et domi- 
 nus Hibernie, dilecto sibi Iohanni Mareschal, salutem. 
 Quia quibusdam certis de causis cerciorari volumus 
 super tenore recordi et processus loquele que fuit coram 
 vobis et sociis vestris iusticiariis ad omnia et singula 
 que contra formam ordinacionis et statuti de operas 
 toribus, artificibus et seruientibus attemptata fuerint in 
 eomitatu Bed’ audienda et terminanda assignatis sine 
 breui nostro inter Rogerum Atte Welle de Couteshale et 
 Iohannem de Sekford, seniorem, de quadam transgres- 
 sione eidem Rogero per prefatum Iohannem illata, vt 
 dicitur, et super tenore recordi et processus loquele que 
 fuit coram vobis et sociis vestris predictis sine breui 
 nostro inter Thomam Atte Welle de Couteshale et pre¬ 
 fatum Iohannem de quadam transgressione eidem 
 Thome per prefatum Iohannem illata. vt dicitur, ac 
 eciam super tenore recordi et processus loquele que fuit 
 
 1 Cf. app., 16. 
 
DOCUMENTS , LISTS AND TABLES 245 * 
 
 coram vobis et sociis vestris predictis sine breui nostro 
 inter Stephanum Atte Welle de Couteshale et prefatum 
 Iohannem de quadam transgressione eidem Stephano 
 per prefatum Iohannem illata, vt dicitur, et similiter 
 super tenore record! et processus loquele que fuit coram 
 vobis et sociis vestris predictis sine breui nostro inter 
 Galfridum Atte Welle de Couteshale et predictum Io¬ 
 hannem de quadam transgressione eidem Galfrido per 
 prefatum Iohannem illata, vt dicitur, necnon super tenore 
 recordi et processus loquele que fuit coram vobis et 
 sociis vestris predictis sine breui nostro inter Iohannem 
 Atte Welle de Couteshale et prefatum Iohannem Sek- 
 ford de quadam transgressione eidem Iohanni Atte 
 Welle per predictum Iohannem de Sekford illata, vt 
 dicitur, vobis mandamus quod tenores recordorum et 
 processuum predictorum nobis in cancellaria nostra sub 
 sigillo vestro distincte et aperte sine dilacione mittatis et 
 hoc breue. 
 
 Teste me ipso, apud Westmonasterium, quinto die 
 Nouembris, anno regni nostri Anglie tricesimo secundo, 
 regni vero nostri Francie decimo nono. 
 
 (Endorsed.) 
 
 Per Dauid de Woll ad instanciam Iohannis de Herlyng. 
 
 Virtute istius breuis tenorem recordorum et proces¬ 
 suum infranominatorum in quadam sedula huic consuta 
 coram vobis mittimus. 
 
 Bed' Placita coram lohanne Mareschal et Iohanne de 
 Rokesdon iusticiariis domini Regis super statutum de 
 seruientibus, operariis et artificibus in comitatu Bed’ 
 assignatis apud Pullokeshull, die Veneris proximo post 
 festurn Assumpcionis beate Marie, anno regni . . . tri¬ 
 cesimo secundo. 
 
 Bed’ lohannes de Sekford, senior, attachiatus fuit ad re¬ 
 spondendum Rogero atte Well de Couteshale de eo quod 
 cum idem Rogerus conuenit cum Simone Challeye de 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 246 * 
 
 Cadyngdon in comitatu Bedeford' ad seruiendum eidem 
 Simoni apud Cadyngdon ad metenda blada sua et prata 
 sua falcanda ac alia necessaria eidem facienda a festo 
 Sancte Margarete virginis, anno regni Regis Edwardi 
 tercii post conquestum tricesimo secundo, vsque festum 
 Sancti Michaelis tunc proxime sequens, capiendo de 
 predicto Simone decern solidos et mensam, et predictus 
 Iohannes de Sekford venit et eum cepit et abduxit vsque 
 ad manerium de Sharpenho et eum ibidem diu detinuit 
 per quod predicto Simoni seruire non potuit prout illi 
 conuenit, contra formam statuti de seruientibus editi, 
 vnde deterioratus est et dampnum habet ad valenciam. 
 viginti solidorum et inde producit sectam. 
 
 Et predictus Iohannes dicit quod predictus Rogerus 
 responderi non debet quia dicit quod idem Rogerus est 
 natiuus suus ut de manerio suo de Couteshale et ipse et 
 antecessores sui a tempore quo non extat memoria de 
 predicto Rogero et antecessoribus suis semper seisiti 
 fuerunt ad talliandum ad altum et bassum [et] facien¬ 
 dum prepositum etc. 
 
 Et predictus Rogerus inde examinatus non potuit hoc 
 dedicere, immo expresse cognouit; ideo consideratum 
 est quod predictus Rogerus nichil capiat per billam suam 
 set sit in misericordia. 
 
 Bed’ Iohannes de Sekford, senior, attachiatus fuit ad re¬ 
 spondendum Thome atte Well de Couteshale de eo quod 
 cum idem Thomas conuenit cum Simone Power de 
 Stretlee in comitatu Bed’ ad seruiendum eidem Simoni 
 apud Stretlee in officio carectarii a festo Annunciacionis 
 beate Marie anno regni Regis Edwardi tercii post con¬ 
 questum tricesimo secundo vsque festum Sancti Mich¬ 
 aelis tunc proxime sequens, capiendo de predicto Simone 
 ad duodecim septimanas vnum quarterium bladi et sex 
 solidos argenti pro labore suo, et venit predictus Iohan¬ 
 nes de Sekford et eum cepit et abduxit. . . . (The re¬ 
 mainder is identical with the first entry, mutatis mu¬ 
 tandis.) 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 247* 
 
 Bed* Iohannes de Sekford, senior, attachiatus fuit ad re¬ 
 spondendum Stephano atte Well de Couteshale de eo 
 quod cum idem Stephanus conuenit cum Willelmo Why- 
 tyng de Luton in comitatu Bed’ ad seruiendum eidem 
 Willelmo apud Luton a festo Sancti Petri Aduincula 
 anno regni Regis Edwardi tercii post conquestum tri- 
 cesimo secundo vsque ad festum Sancti Michaelis tunc 
 proxime sequens ad metendum blada sua ac alia neces- 
 saria eidem facienda, capiendo de predicto Willelmo 
 octo solidos et mensam, ac venit predictus Iohannes 
 de Sekford et eum cepit et abduxit vsque ad manerium 
 de Sharpenho et eum ibidem diu detinuit, per quod pre¬ 
 dicto Willelmo seruire non potuit prout illi conuenit 
 neque stipendium suum capere, contra formam statuti 
 de seruientibus editi, vnde deterioratus est et dampnum 
 
 habet ad valenciam xx s. et inde producit sectam. 
 
 (The remainder is identical with the first entry, mutatis 
 mutandis.) 
 
 Bed’ Iohannes de Sekford, senior, attachiatus fuit ad re¬ 
 spondendum Galfrido atte Welle de Couteshale de eo 
 quod cum idem Galfridus conuenit cum Iohanne atte 
 Park de Luton in comitatu Bed’ ad seruiendum eidem 
 Iohanni in officio carucarii apud Luton a festo Annun- 
 ciacionis beate Marie anno regni Regis Edwardi tercii 
 post conquestum tricesimo secundo vsque ad festum 
 Sancti Michaelis tunc proxime sequens, capiendo de 
 predicto Iohanne in duodecim septimanis vnum quar- 
 terium bladi et sex solidos et octo denarios pro stipendio 
 suo et venit predictus Iohannes de Sekford et eum cepit 
 et abduxit. . . . (The remainder is identical with the 
 first entry, mutatis mutandis.) 
 
 Iohannes de Sekford, senior, attachiatus fuit ad re¬ 
 spondendum Iohanni atte Welle de Couteshale de eo 
 quod cum idem Iohannes atte Welle conuenit cum Io¬ 
 hanne Draper de Sancto Albano ad deseruiendum eidem 
 
 Bed’ 
 
248* 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 Iohanni Draper in artificio mercatoris a festo Annun- 
 ciacionis beate Marie anno regni Regis Edwardi tercii 
 post conquestum tricesimo secundo vsque festum Sancti 
 Michaelis tunc proxime sequens, capiendo de predicto 
 lohanne Draper viginti solidos et mensam, et venit pre- 
 dictus Iohannes de Sekford et eum cepit et abduxit. . . . 
 (The remainder is identical with the first entry, mutatis 
 mutandis.) 
 
 County Placita, Surrey, no. 8. 
 
 Edwardus, Dei gracia Rex Anglie et Francie et domi- 
 nus Hibernie, dilecto et fideli suo Thome de Brewes, 
 salutem. Volentes certis de causis cerciorari super qua- 
 dam cognicione quam Willelmus atte Mere de Merwe 
 nuper fecit coram vobis et sociis vestris nuper iusticiariis 
 nostris ad ea que contra formam ordinacionis et statuti 
 de operariis, artificibus et seruitoribus factorum attemp- 
 tata fuerint in comitatu Surr’ audienda et terminanda 
 assignatis, de seruitute ipsius Willelmi, vobis mandamus 
 quod scrutatis rotulis vestris et sociorum vestrorum pre- 
 dictorum de tempore predicto que sub custodia vestra 
 existunt, vt dicitur, nos in cancellaria nostra de eo quod 
 inde inueneritis sub sigillo vestro distincte et aperte cer- 
 tificetis indilate. 
 
 Teste me ipso apud Westmonasterium, xxvi die No- 
 uembris, anno regni nostri Anglie tricesimo, regni vero 
 nostri Francie decimo septimo. 
 
 Surr 5 Placita tenta apud Guldeford coram Thoma de 
 Brewes, Reginaldo Forster, et lohanne de Roulee die 
 Martis proximo post octabas Sancte Trinitatis, anno 
 regni Regis Edwardi tercii post conquestum xxiiii t0 , 
 virtute cuiusdam commissionis predictis Thome et aliis 
 in commissione predicta nominatis ad inquirendum de 
 omnibus et singulis que contra formam ordinacionis et 
 
 ; statuti de operariis, artificibus et seruitoribus factorum 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 249 * 
 
 attemptata fuerunt in commissione predicta audienda et 
 terminanda assignatis. 
 
 Wokyngg. 
 
 Willelmus atte Merre de Merwe attachiatus fuit ad 
 respondendum Petro Semere de placito quare quod cum 
 ordinatum sit quod quilibet homo et femina regni domini 
 Regis Anglie, potens in corpore et infra etatem sexa- 
 ginta annorum, non viuens de mercatura nec certum ex- 
 sercens artificium nec 1 terram propriam circa cuius 
 culturam se poterit occupare et alteri non seruiens, si 
 deseruiendo considerato statu suo in seruicio congruo 
 fuerit requisitus, seruire teneatur illi qui ilium sic dux- 
 erit requirandum et percipiat dum taxat vadia, liber- 
 aciones, mercedas seu salaria que in iocis vbi seruire 
 debeant constituta sunt prestari anno domini Regis An¬ 
 glie xx° vel annis communibus quinque vel sex prese- 
 dentibus. Et vnde idem Petrus dicit quod ipse die Lune 
 proximo post festum Purificacionis beate Marie anno 
 supradicto vicesimo quarto apud Merwe in presencia 
 Iohannis atte Dene et Willelmi Hereward predicto Wil- 
 lelmo 2 seruicium congruum deseruiendo predicto Petro 
 in villa de Merwe optulit, capiendo de predicto Petro 
 prout in predicto statuto superius declaratum est, [et] 
 predictus Willelmus deseruire predicto Petro in forma 
 predicta omnino contradixit et adhuc contradicit in con- 
 temptum domini Regis et contra ordinacionem statuti 
 predicti et ad dampnum predicti Petri centum solidorum, 
 et inde producit sectam etc. 
 
 Et predictus Willelmus defendit vim et iniuriam etc. 
 et quicquid est in contemptu domini Regis et statuti etc., 
 et dicit quod ipse non potest predicto Petro seruire quia 
 dicit quod ipse est natiuus prioris et conuentus ecclesie 
 beate Marie de Boxgraue de manerio suo de Merwe et 
 
 l There should be a “habens” here; cf. the ordinance; app., 9. 
 
 3 MS. predict Willelmum. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 250 * 
 
 quod dictus prior ecclesie predicte qui nunc est, fuit 
 seisitus de eo vt de natiuo suo et de seruiciis suis natiuis 
 vt de iure ecclesie sue predicte, et quod idem prior et 
 omnes predecessores sui predicte ecclesie a tempore 
 cuius contrarii memoria non existit, seisiti fuerunt de eo 
 et de omnibus antecessoribus suis vt de natiuis suis ad 
 talliandum eos ad altum et bassum et ad capiendum de 
 eis redempciones pro filiabus suis maritandis vt de iure 
 ecclesie sue predicte de manerio suo predicto, et dicit 
 quod predictus prior et conuentus dimiserunt dictum 
 manerium cum omnibus pertinencibus Iohanni Chene 
 de Tortyngton habendum et tenendum ad terminum vite 
 sue. Et quod predictus Iohannes Chene habet ipsum 
 Willelmum in seruicio suo necessarie in manerio pre¬ 
 dicto. Et petit iudicium si predicto Petro seruire de¬ 
 beat etc. Et quia predicti iusticiarii dubitauerunt de 
 cognicione dicti Willelmi optulerunt ei librum ad iuran- 
 dum dicendi veritatem de factis predictis; qui Sacra¬ 
 mento prestito dixit et cognouit vt prius, per quod con- 
 sideratum est quod predictus Petrus nichil capiet per 
 querelam suam predictam, et quod predictus Willelmus 
 seruiet predicto Iohanni Chene tanquam domino suo et 
 super hoc liberatur Waltero de Wernham, balliuo dicti 
 Iohannis Chene, ad seruiendum ei secundum statutum 
 predictum et consuetudinem manerii predicti. 
 
 (Endorsed) 
 
 Recordum iusticiariorum de operariis pro Petro Semere. 
 A chanceller nostre seignur le Roy 
 par Thomas de Breouse. 
 
 Coram Rege Roll, no. 454. 
 
 Placita coram domino Rege apud Westmonasterium de 
 termino Sancte Trinitatis anno regni Regis Edwardi tercii 
 post conquestum Anglie quadragesimo octauo. I. Cauen- 
 dissh. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 251 
 
 * 
 
 Adhuc de termino Sancte Trinitatis. I. Cauendissh. 
 rot. 87. 1 
 
 Lincoln’ Dominus Rex mandauit iusticiariis hie breue suum 
 clausum in hec verba: Edwardus, Dei gracia Rex An- 
 glie et Francie et dominus Hibernie, dilectis et fidelibus 
 suis Iohanni de Cauendissh et Thome de Ingelby ius¬ 
 ticiariis ad placita coram nobis tenenda assignatis, salu- 
 tem. Recordum et processum coram iusticiariis nos- 
 tris ad pacem nostram necnon ad statuta et ordina- 
 ciones de operatoribus, seruientibus et artificibus in 
 partibus de Holand in comitatu Lincoln’ conseruanda 
 assignatis habita de loquela que fuit coram eisdem 
 iusticiariis inter Robertum de Meres de Soterton et 
 Rogerum Roper de eo quod idem Rogerus prefato 
 Roberto deseruire iuxta formam statutorum et ordi- 
 nacionum inde editorum recusauit que coram nobis in 
 cancellaria nostra venire fecimus, vobis mittimus sub 
 pede sigilli nostri, mandantes quod hiis inspectis 
 vlterius inde fieri faciatis quod de iure et secundum 
 legem et consuetudinem regni nostri Anglie fuerit fac¬ 
 iendum. 
 
 Teste me ipso, apud Westmonasterium, xx die Iunii, 
 anno regni nostri Anglie quadragesimo octauo, regni 
 vero nostri Francie tricesimo quinto. 
 
 Breue domini Regis prefatis iusticiariis ad pacem con- 
 seruandam inde directum sequitur in hec verba: 
 
 Edwardus, Dei gracia Rex Anglie et Francie et 
 dominus Hibernie, iusticiariis suis ad pacem nostram 
 necnon ad statuta et ordinaciones de operatoribus, 
 seruientibus et artificibus in partibus de Holand in 
 comitatu Lincoln’ conseruanda assignatis vel eorum 
 alicui, salutem. Volentes certis de causis cerciorari 
 
 1 It is possible that this record refers to case 39, list in app., F, 3; 
 unfortunately a search through several succeeding rolls has failed to 
 reveal the conclusion of the process. 
 
25 2 * 
 
 Lincoln' 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 super recordo et processu coram vobis habitis de 
 loquela que fuit coram vobis inter Robertum de Meres 
 de Soterton et Rogerum Roper de eo quod idem 
 Rogerus prefato Roberto deseruire iuxta formam 
 statutorum et ordinacionum inde editorum recusauit, 
 vobis mandamus quod recordum et processum pre¬ 
 dicta cum omnibus ea tangentibus nobis in cancellaria 
 nostra sub sigillis vestris vel alicuius vestrum distincte 
 et aperte sine dilacione mittatis et hoc breue, vt vlte- 
 rius inde fieri faciamus quod de iure et secundum 
 legem et consuetudinem regni nostri Anglie fuerit 
 faciendum. Ac vicecomiti nostro comitatus predicti 
 detis in mandatis quod capcioni corpus predicti Rogeri 
 occasione premissa faciende supersedeat et si ipse ex 
 hac causa captus existat tunc ipsum a prisona qua sic 
 detinetur deliberet indilate. 
 
 Teste me ipso, apud Westrnonasterium, viii die 
 Iunii, anno regni nostri Anglie quadragesimo octauo, 
 regni vero nostri Francie tricesimo quinto. 
 
 Recordum et processus de quibus in breuibus pre¬ 
 dicts fit mencio sequntur in hec verba: 
 
 Placita domini Regis tenta apud Sanctum Botol- 
 phum coram Willelmo de Spaigne, Rogero Top, 
 Thoma de Pynchebek et Ricardo de Launde iusticia- 
 riis domini Regis pacis necnon ad statuta et ordina- 
 ciones de operatoribus, seruientibus et artificibus in 
 partibus de Holand in comitatu Lincoln' audienda et 
 terminanda assignatis, die Mercurii proximo post fes- 
 tum Sancte Trinitatis, anno regni Regis Edwardi 
 tercii post conquestum quadragesimo octauo. 
 
 Robertus de Meres de Soterton qui sequitur tarn 
 pro domino Rege quam pro se ipso queritur de 
 Rogero Roper de Soterton de eo quod cum idem 
 Rogerus vacuus fuit et nulli seruiens nisi per dietas 
 idem Robertus die dominica in octabis Pasche anno 
 regni Regis Edwardi tercii xlviii 0 apud Soterton re- 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 253 * 
 
 quisiuit dictum Rogerum durn vacuus fuit ad seruien- 
 dum sibi in villa de Soterton in officio carucarii et 
 aliis seruiciis, videlicet a predicto die per annum in¬ 
 tegrum proxime sequentem, idem Rogerus seruire 
 eidern Roberto penitus contradixit et recusauit contra 
 statutum et ordinacionem de operatoribus editos in 
 contemptum domini Regis et dampnum ipsius Robert! 
 xl li., plegii de prosequendo, lohannes Batson et Ro- 
 bertus, filius Rogeri. 
 
 Per quod preceptum est vicecomiti quod attachiat 
 predictum Rogerum ita quod habeat corpus eius coram 
 prefatis iusticiariis apud Sanctum Botulfum die Ven¬ 
 eris proximo post festum Sancte Trinitatis tunc prox¬ 
 ime sequens ad respondendum tarn domino Regi quam 
 prefato Roberto de placito predicto. 
 
 Placita Regis tenta apud Sanctum Botulphum 
 coram prefatis Willelmo de Spaigne et Ricardo de 
 Launde iusticiariis, die Veneris proximo post festum 
 Sancte Trinitatis, anno regni Regis Edwardi tercii 
 xlviii 0 . 
 
 Preceptum fuit vicecomiti quod attacheret Rogerum 
 Roper de Soterton ita quod haberet corpus eius coram 
 prefatis iusticiariis etc. ad hunc diem etc. ad respon¬ 
 dendum tarn domino Regi quam Roberto de Meres de 
 Soterton de placito contemptus et transgressionis con¬ 
 tra statutum etc. Et ipse non venit. Et vicecomes 
 retornauit quod mandavit balliuo libertatis comitis 
 Richemundie in wappentachio de Kirketon cui exe- 
 cucio precepti Regis restat facienda qui sic respondit 
 quod predictus Rogerus Roper non est inuentus in 
 balliua sua. Ideo preceptum est vicecomiti quod 
 capiat eum si etc. et saluo etc., ita quod habeat cor¬ 
 pus eius coram prefatis iusticiariis etc. apud Sanctum 
 Botulfum die Mercurii proximo ante festum Sancte 
 Margarete virginis proxime sequens ad responden¬ 
 dum tarn domino Regi quam prefato Roberti de Meres 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 de placito contemptus et transgressionis contra statu- 
 tum etc. Postea, scilicet quinto die Iulii isto eodem 
 termino, venit predictus Rogerus Roper et reddidit se 
 etc. occasione predicta. Et super hoc venerunt Ri- 
 cardus de Pereres, Iohannes de Wabham, Iohannes de 
 Sledmer de Beuerle et Robertus Ragemill et manu- 
 ceperunt habendi corpus predicti Rogeri coram dom¬ 
 ino Rege a die Sancti Michaelis in xv dies vbicunque 
 etc. Ideo preceptum est vicecomiti quod per probos 
 etc. scire faciat predicto Roberto de Meres quod sit 
 coram domino Rege ad prefatum terminum ad sequen- 
 dum si etc. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 D. Exchequer. (Cf. pt. i, ch. iii.) 
 
 INTRODUCTORY NOTE. 
 
 The greater part of the material dealing with the work of 
 the exchequer is, of course, preserved in the exchequer; but 
 there are some important documents connected with exchequer 
 processes that appear among chancery enrollments. Examples 
 of these are the writs for the payment of the justices’ wages 
 on the Close Rolls; commissions to collectors of the subsidy, 
 occasionally on the Patent Rolls, regularly on the Fine Rolls; 
 special commissions of investigation as to arrears of penalties 
 or as to instances of peculation, and special grants disposing 
 of the penalties, on the Patent Rolls. Many of these chancery 
 enrollments are, however, duplicated in that branch of ex¬ 
 chequer enrollments known as Originalia which for conveni¬ 
 ence I included under “Chancery;” cf. app., 19. 
 
 The main classes into which the exchequer material is divided 
 are: the Memoranda Rolls, the Placita de Scaccario, Accounts, 
 both original and enrolled, and the records of the exchequer 
 of Receipt. 
 
 Memoranda Rolls of the two Remembrancers, the King’s and 
 the Lord Treasurer’s. 
 
 The contents of these rolls have been described by Madox, 
 in Hist, of Exchequer , by Scargill-Bird, op. cit., and by Gross 
 in his summaries, op. cit. For this decade there is nothing in 
 print except a few summarized selections in Jones’ Index to the 
 Originalia and the Memoranda. 
 
 In my search through these two series of rolls from 23 Edw. 
 Ill to 35 Edw. Ill, I made an attempt to note all references 
 to the statutes of labourers; but the rolls are so voluminous 
 and the amount of material on the statutes so great that my 
 search cannot be called exhaustive. 
 
 The entries having to do with the statutes are of many kinds: 
 commissions to the collectors of the subsidy, and additional 
 instructions to them; innumerable writs of the great seal and 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 256 * 
 
 of the treasurer directed to the various officials concerned 
 with the statutes, both as to the proper levying and final dis¬ 
 position of the penalties and as to the payment of the justices’ 
 salaries; statements as to the penalties in “ states and views 
 of accounts ” both of sheriffs and of collectors; numerous 
 actions brought by the exchequer against all these officials for 
 failure to do their duty in regard to the penalties; and finally 
 the claims of the lords of franchises. These latter are recorded 
 in great detail and are important for many reasons, and more 
 especially because they often include long schedules of accounts 
 of the penalties imposed under the statutes, entered on separate 
 membranes, and attached to the Memoranda Rolls. 
 
 It is essential to remember in using this material that ac¬ 
 cording to the exchequer’s method of computation of dates 
 for Edward’s reign Michaelmas term precedes Easter term; 
 so that e. g., Mich. 29th year on the Memoranda Rolls is really 
 only Mich. 28th year. 1 
 
 Exchequer Proceedings subsidiary to the Memoranda Rolls. 
 
 Cf. Scargiil-Bird, op. cit., 213. This series has not been in¬ 
 cluded in my search. 
 
 Placita de Scaccario. 
 
 The List of Plea RoHs includes merely a catalogue of these, 
 classified by regnal year and law term. The roll for the 34th 
 year is omitted from the printed list; by accident I found it 
 misplaced among the Memoranda Rolls, K. R. It has now 
 been transferred to its proper place, as 82a. My examination 
 has covered only a few of these rolls; these few contained 
 many important proceedings connected with the levying of the 
 penalties under the statutes. 
 
 Accounts, original and enrolled. 
 
 A distinction between these two types of accounts, 
 important for purposes of investigation, is that the 
 
 1 Cf. Ramsay, “ Expenditure of Edw. Illin Antiquary , i, 156. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 257 * 
 
 former include specific details — the amount of the 
 penalty imposed on an individual offender, often the 
 exact nature of his offense, and the character of his 
 occupation; while the latter include only the total 
 sums for which a given official is responsible. 
 
 Original. 
 
 Fines and Amercements; Exchequer, K. R. 
 
 The manuscript list contains dates and brief 
 summaries of the contents of each roll. A thor¬ 
 ough examination revealed only a few of the 
 accounts of the penalties under the statutes of 
 labourers. 
 
 Sheriffs' Accounts. 
 
 The manuscript list gives only the regnal year; 
 I did not examine this series at all. 
 
 Lay Subsidies; the original accounts of the collectors. 
 
 For a description of these cf. app., D, 4. A 
 printed list is in progress of all the above. 
 
 To these must be added the schedules of ac¬ 
 counts handed in at the exchequer by the lords 
 of franchises, already referred to; cf. app., D, 6. 
 
 Enrolled. 
 
 Enrolled Subsidies. 
 
 For a description of these cf. app., D, 4. 
 
 “ States and views of accounts ” of both sheriffs and 
 collectors, enrolled on Memoranda Rolls. 
 
 Pipe Rolls. 
 
 Until 42 Edw. Ill, these included Foreign ac¬ 
 counts ( i. e. those foreign to the jurisdiction of 
 the sheriff except subsidy accounts), as well as 
 those for which the sheriff was responsible; cf. 
 Scargill-Bird, op. cit., 4. They are exceedingly 
 valuable both for total sums of penalties under 
 the statutes and for amounts paid as salaries to 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 258 * 
 
 the justices; but they are so bulky and volum¬ 
 inous, with no guide to contents except as fur¬ 
 nished by the regnal year and the county, that 
 my search has included only a few. 
 
 Exchequer of Receipt. 
 
 Issue Rolls. 
 
 These have been examined but contain nothing 
 important for my purpose. 
 
 Receipt Rolls. 
 
 Praestita Rolls. 
 
 Neither of the above has been examined. 
 
 It will appear from this account of the ex¬ 
 chequer material that nearly all the sources util¬ 
 ized for ch. iii on the disposition of the penalties 
 are included in this section of the appendix: 
 
 1. Extracts from Assize Rolls, Memoranda Rolls and Orig- 
 
 inalia Rolls. 
 
 2. Extracts from Lay Subsidies and Memoranda Rolls. 
 
 3. Extracts from Memoranda Rolls. 
 
 4. Accounts of collectors of the triennial of 1352. 
 
 A table of figures taken from Enrolled Subsidies. 
 
 Extracts from Accounts, K. R., Enrolled Subsidies and 
 Lay Subsidies. 
 
 5. Extracts from Accounts, K. R., Close Rolls, Memoranda 
 
 Rolls and Pipe Rolls. 
 
 6. Extracts from Accounts, K. R., Memoranda Rolls, Patent 
 
 Rolls and Pipe Rolls. 
 
 1. Extracts from Assize Rolls, Memoranda Rolls and Orig- 
 inalia Rolls. ( Cf . pt. 1, ch. iii, 1, A.) 
 
 Originalia, 23 Edw. Ill, m. 25. 
 
 De leuando quintamdeciinam de seruientibus. 
 
 Rex taxatoribus et collectoribus decime et quintedecime nobis 
 
 per laicos vltime concessarum in comitatu Cumb’, salutem. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 259 * 
 
 Cum nos nuper contra desidiam et maliciam seruientum, qui 
 mortuis aliis aliis in ista pestilencia, videntes necessitatem domi- 
 norum, seruire noluerunt nisi stipendia reciperent excessiua, de 
 consilio prelatorum, nobilium, aliorumque peritorum nobis 
 assistencium, ordinauerimus quod seruientes huiusmodi tam 
 femine quam viri seruire tenerentur et perciperent dumtaxat 
 salaria et vadia que in locis vbi seruire deberent anno regni 
 nostri Anglie vicesimo vel annis communibus quinque vel sex 
 proxime precedentibus solita sunt prestari, et quod seruire re- 
 cusantes incarceracione corporum punirentur, et plus soluentes 
 vel promittentes duplum illius quod sic soluerint vel soluere 
 promiserint illi qui se grauatum senserit, et nullo tali volente 
 prosequi, tunc cuicumque de populo hoc prosequenti soluere 
 cogerentur, quodque dicti artifices et operarii quicumque pro 
 laboribus et artificiis suis non caperent vltra id quod anno 
 vicesimo et aliis annis predictis, in locis quibus eos operari con- 
 tingeret, talibus solui consueuit prout in ordinacione predicta 
 plenius continetur. Iamque ex populari conquestione, accepe- 
 rimus quod ipsi propter huiusmodi excessiua stipendia, libera- 
 ciones et precia que seruitoribus, operatoribus et artificibus 
 soluere sunt coacti, taliter deprimuntur quod decimam et quin- 
 tamdecimam ipsos contingentes, nobis soluere nequeunt nisi 
 aliud eis apponatur remedium oportunum. 
 
 Nos attendentes quod huiusmodi artifices, seruitores et arti¬ 
 fices nos et ordinatores nobiscum ipsamque ordinacionem nos- 
 tram publice deridentes, stipendia, liberaciones et precia exces¬ 
 siua, sic in ipsa pestilencia et post earn inducta et quandoque 
 ampliora, non obstante ordinacione predicta, exigunt, quasi extor- 
 quendo et percipiunt, nec sit aliquis qui contra tales prosequatur, 
 ad dictum sic ordinatum commodum optinendum, et quod equi- 
 tati consonat, vt quod vsibus singularibus sic ordinatum fuerit 
 applicandum ipsis prosequi nolentibus in publicum commodum 
 conuertatur, et ne dicta ordinacio cum maturitate consilii nostri 
 pro vtilitate communi facta derisoria videatur, ex deliberacione 
 dicti consilii nostri, adiciendo duximus ordinandum quod omnes 
 et singuli operarii, seruitores et artifices tam femine quam viri 
 
 1 
 
26o * 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 cuiuscumque videlicet status aut condicionis fuerint, plus pro 
 laboribus, seruiciis et artificiis suis, quam anno vicesimo et aliis 
 annis supradictis soliti sunt percipere, capientes, ad totam illam 
 summam quam vltra receperint cum aliis laicis, tarn pro tem¬ 
 pore preterito, quo sic stipendia, salaria, liberaciones et precia 
 augmentata fuerint, quam pro tempore iam futuro assideantur, 
 totaque ipsa summa sic vltra recepta a singulis eorundem 
 leuetur et colligatur ad opus nostrum, in alleuiacionem singu- 
 larum villarum vnde dicti artifices, seruitores et operarii fuerint 
 in auxilium solucionis summarum ad quas eedem ville seu 
 homines earum ad decimam et quintamdecimam iam currentes 
 sunt assessi; ita semper quod finitis decima et quintadecima 
 iam currentibus, tota ilia pecunia, precia et liberaciones siue 
 valor liberacionum earundem, que vltra vt premittitur extunc 
 pecierint et receperint, ab eis et eorum singulis ad opus nos¬ 
 trum in subuencionem supportacionis onerum regni nostri per 
 illos quos ad hoc in comitatu predicto duxerimus assignandos 
 leuentur et colligantur, et quod illi qui forsan propter hoc 
 renuent deseruire vel summas per ipsos sic vltra perceptas, et 
 super eos assessas soluere vel artificia sua et opera excercere 
 statim per vos vel aliquem vestrum seu alios per vos vel ali- 
 quem vestrum in singulis villis ad premissa exequenda depu- 
 tandos vel per balliuos locorum seu constabularies villarum cum 
 de hoc constiterit, arestentur et carceri committantur in eodem 
 detinendi quousque ad seruiendum securitatem prestiterint et 
 soluerint, quod sic vltra perceperint iuxta ordinaciones easdem 
 vel donee aliud inde duxerimus demandandum. 
 
 Intencionis tamen nostre existit quod secundum dictam pri- 
 mam ordinacionem liceat cuilibet contra excedentes eandem, vel 
 ei non parentes prosequi et applicare suo vsui, quod per ipsam 
 conceditur prosequenti. Et ideo vobis committimus et manda¬ 
 mus quod dictos operarios, seruitores et artifices vniuersos in 
 comitatu predicto, tarn infra libertates quam extra, ad summas 
 quas vltra receperint vt premittitur per vos seu deputatos ves- 
 tros assideatis seu assideri faciatis et eas ab eis ad opus nostrum 
 leuetis et colligatis in forma predicta et alia premissa ordinata 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 261 * 
 
 faciatis et exequamini, prout superius est expressum, inquisita 
 super premissis quociens et quando opus fuerit per sacramen- 
 tum proborum et legalium hominum de comitatu predicto, tam 
 infra libertates quam extra, plenius veritate. Et hoc nullatenus 
 omittatis sub periculo quod incumbit. Mandauimus autem 
 vicecomiti nostro comitatus predicti quod arestatos huiusmodi 
 a vobis et vestrum quolibet et deputatis predictis recipiat in 
 carcere detinendos, quousque paruerint, et fecerint cum efTectu 
 iuxta ordinaciones predictas, vobisque et vestrum cuilibet ac 
 deputandis vestris predictis circa premissa facienda et exe- 
 quenda quociens opus fuerit vel ei inde scire feceritis ex parte 
 nostra pareat et intendat; et vt ordinaciones predicte pateant 
 vniuersis, eas, prout in mandato nostro sibi directo continentur, 
 in ciuitatibus, burgis et villis mercatoriis et aliis locis in balliua 
 sua vbi expedire viderit infra libertates et extra publice procla- 
 mari faciat, et quantum ad ipsum attinet obseruari. 
 
 Teste Rege apud Westmonasterium, xxi die Nouembris. 
 
 Consimilia breuia diriguntur collectoribus dictarum decime et 
 quintedecime in singulis comitatibus Anglie, sub eadem data. 
 
 Originalia, 24 Edw. Ill, m. 4. 
 
 Essex’ De stipendiis operariorum leuandis. 
 
 (To the assessors and collectors of the tenth and fifteenth; 
 substantially the same as the above but condensed (prout in 
 literis nostris predictis plenius continetur) continues) : Ac iam 
 intellexerimus quod quamplures operariorum, seruientum et 
 artificum predictorum huiusmodi pecunie summas vltra stipen- 
 dia et salaria consueta receptas, pro maiore parte iam expen- 
 derunt et consumpserunt, ita quod ad solucionem illarum pe¬ 
 cunie summarum per ipsos sic vltra receptarum, sufficere non 
 poterunt, et si in prisona detinerentur magis depauperarentuc 
 et homines comitatus illius seruiciis et laboribus eorundem 
 operariorum, seruitorum et artificum frustrarentur. Nos ad- 
 uertentes paucitatem operariorum, seruitorum et artificum 
 huiusmodi in comitatu predicto, et quod homines de eodem 
 comitatu seruiciis et laboribus eorundem commodo carere non 
 
262 * 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 possunt, ac proinde volentes remedium congruum poni in hac 
 parte, vobis mandamus quod receptis a seruitoribus, operariis 
 et artificibus qui sufficientes et potentes fuerint pecuniarum 
 summis per ipsos vltra stipendia et salaria consueta vt premit- 
 titur receptis, reliquos seruitores, operarios seu artifices qui ad 
 solucionem integre summe per ipsos sic vltra recepte patenter 
 sunt impotentes, ad illud dumtaxat quod soluere poterunt, per 
 incarceracionem corporum suorum, et aliis viis et modis quibus 
 poteritis, compellatis, capta ab eis sufficiente securitate de ser- 
 uiendo exnunc pro stipendiis et salariis dictis annis solui con- 
 suetis. Prouiso quod de tota pecunie summa vltra ratam 
 decime et quintedecime predictarum remanente si que fuerint, 
 solutis decima et quintadecima predictis nobis respondeatur, 
 prout decet. Volumus eciam et vobis mandamus quod versus 
 omnes et singulos iuratores quos per returna vicecomitis comi- 
 tatus predicti coram vobis facta seu facienda inueneritis fuisse 
 premunitos, et qui iuxta premunicionem huiusmodi coram vobis 
 venire neglexerint vel negligunt, processus per amerciamenta 
 et districciones necnon forisfacturas exituum cousque compar- 
 uerint vt sic venire cogantur fieri faciatis, prout in consimilibus 
 casubus secundum legem et consuetudinem regni nostri fuerit 
 faciendum, eadem amerciamenta et exitus in extractis vestris 
 ad scaccarium nostrum mittenda, vt de leuacione eorundem ad 
 opus nostrum ordinari valeat, inserentes vlteriusque ad execu- 
 cionem dicte ordinacionis nostre pro nostra et dicti populi nos¬ 
 tri vtilitate procedentes iuxta vim et effectum literarum pre¬ 
 dictarum. 
 
 Teste Rege, apud Westmonasterium, viii die Marcii. 
 Somerset; De eodem; 28 May. 
 
 Middlesex; De eodem; 12 Nov. 
 
 Memoranda Roll, L. T. R., no. 120. 
 
 Adhuc Communia de termino Sancti Michaelis anno 
 xxix Regis Edwardi tercii. Adhuc Presentationes, Attor- 
 natus, Dies dati et Respectus; rot. 12. 
 
 Suit’ De die dato. 
 
 Memorandum quod Henricus de Bekwell, vnus iusticiariorum 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 263 * 
 
 operariorum in comitatu SurP venit hie coram baronibus, 
 xxviii 0 die Nouembris hoc termino, et liberauit curie hie xiii 
 rotulos de finibus, excessubus, exitibus et amerciamentis huius- 
 modi operariorum, qui rotuli sunt in custodia huius rememora- 
 toris, et recordatur quod liberauit transscriptum eorundem rotu- 
 lorum Thome de Weston, Nicholao atte Welle, Ade de Sancto 
 Albano et Iohanni de Godestou nuper collectoribus tercii anni 
 solucionis xv e et x e triennalium Regi a laicis anno xxii 0 con- 
 cessarum in comitatu predicto die Sabbati proximo post festum 
 Natiuitatis Sancti Iohannis Baptiste anno xxv t0 , per inden- 
 turam cuius alteram partem ostendit, videlicet pro denariis in 
 transcripto illo contends leuandis in exoneracionem communi- 
 tatis dicti comitatus. Super quo predicti Thomas de Weston 
 et Iohannes de Godestou, presentes hie in curia super premissis 
 allocuti, bene concedunt quod ipsi simul cum predictis Nicholao 
 et Adam receperunt transcriptum predictum et quod distrib- 
 uerunt magnam partem inde inter pauperes villatas dicti comi¬ 
 tatus in allocacionem, videlicet, solucionis dicti tercii anni solu¬ 
 cionis xv e et x e predictarum dicto anno xxii° concessarum, 
 asserentes ipsi Thomas et Iohannes quod in absencia predicti 
 Nicholai atte Welle et heredis et executoris predicti Ade in 
 premissis computare non possunt petentesque proinde quod 
 veniant etc. 
 
 Et viso statuto per quod Rex concessit huiusmodi fines etc' 
 in auxilium communitatis regni etc., quod quidem statutum 
 factum fuit in parliamento Regis apud Westmonasterium con- 
 uocato in octabis Purificacionis beate Marie Virginis, anno 
 xxv t0 et residet in custodia alterius rememoratoris, compertum 
 est in eodem quod Rex inter cetera concessit quod vicecomites, 
 constabularii, balliui et gaolarii, clerici iusticiariorum vel vice- 
 comitum, nec alii ministri quicumque, nichil capiant racione 
 officiorum suorum de huiusmodi operariis pro feodis, sectis 
 prisonum vel alio modo, et si quid inde ceperint modo predicto 
 id liberent collectoribus xv e et x e in auxilium communitatis pro 
 tempore quo eedem xv e et x e currunt tarn pro tempore preterito 
 quam futuro, concordatum est quod dicti collectores compu- 
 tent etc. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 264 * 
 
 Ideo preceptum est vicecomiti Surr’ quod distringat predic¬ 
 tum Nicholaum atte Welle et Adam de Sancto Albano vel 
 heredes et executores suos si ipsi mortui fuerint ac tenentes 
 terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt ipsorum Nicholai et 
 Ade in feodo per terras etc.; ita etc. a die Sancti Hillarii in 
 xv dies ad computandum, vna etc. Et idem dies datus est 
 prefatis Thome et lohanni ad computandum, vna etc. 
 
 Ad quern diem predicti Thomas de Weston et Iohannes de 
 Godestou ac Nicholaus atte Welle veniunt. Et quoad predic¬ 
 tum Adam de Sancto Albano vicecomes retornauit quod idem 
 Adam obiit et quod Iohannes de Sancto Albano, filius et heres 
 predicti Ade de Sancto Albano, vnus executorum testamenti 
 predicti Ade ac tenens terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt 
 eiusdem Ade, et Radulfus ITert et Henricus atte Cauce de 
 Croydon, coexecutores ipsius Iohannis de Sancto Albano testa¬ 
 menti predicti Ade, districti sunt et exitus etc. 
 
 Et predictus Radulfus Hert venit et tarn ipse quam predicti 
 Thomas de Weston, Iohannes de Godestou et Nicholaus atte 
 Welle cognoscunt et concedunt se velle et debere computare 
 tarn pro se ipsis quam pro predictis Iohanne de Sancto Albano 
 et Henrico atte Cauce in premissis et satisfacere Regi de arre- 
 ragio eiusdem compoti. Et super hoc prestiterunt sacramentum 
 de fideliter computando. Postea predicti Thomas de Weston 
 et Iohannes de Godestou computarunt tarn pro se ipsis quam 
 predictis Nicholao atte Welle in premissis; qui quidem com- 
 potus remanet in custodia ingrossatoris, particule vero dicti 
 compoti remanent in custodia huius rememoratoris, per quern 
 compotum nichil debetur. 
 
 Assize Roll, Sussex, 941. 26 Edw. III. 63 membranes. 
 
 Placita (de transgressionibus, etc.) coram J. de Molyns 
 et sociis suis. 
 
 m. 1. Presentaciones apud Estgrentede coram Iohanne de 
 Molyns, Ricardo de Cresseuill et Iohanne Cleymond 
 iusticiariis domini Regis ad quosdam contemptus, trans- 
 gressiones, confederaciones, conspiraciones et alios ar- 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 265 * 
 
 ticulos in comitatu Sussex’ vna cum .... audiendos 
 et terminandos assignatis die Mercurii proxima post 
 festum concepcionis beate Marie Virginis anno regni 
 .... vicesimo sexto. Mofyns. 
 
 1 
 
 m. 8. Item dicunt quod Iohannes de Sufcon, anno regni 
 domini Regis nunc vicesimo tercio, quo anno extitit 
 collector quintedecime domini Regis in comitatu Sus¬ 
 sex’ et habuit commissionem ad inquirendum de labora- 
 riis et salariis suis excessiuis et ad eadem 1 salaria 
 ponenda in exoneracionem quintedecime villatarum in 
 quibus ilia salaria capta fuerunt, idem 2 Iohannes de 
 Sutton per extorsionem cepit de Thoma de Preston, 
 laborario, viginti sex solidos octo denarios pro quibus 
 denariis idem Iohannes de Sutton liberauit in prisona 
 domini Regis in castro de Lewes corpus predicti Thome 
 custodiendum ibidem quousque plenarie satisfecerit de 
 summa predicta; quam quidem summam 3 idem 
 Thomas postea soluit prefato Iohanni, qui earn retinuit 
 ad opus suum proprium sine aliquo inde soluendo seu 
 ponendo in auantagium quintedecime domini Regis, 
 tenente Regina villatam de Preston in qua dicta summa 
 leuata fuerat. 
 
 (m. 23 contains more presentments against de Sutton for ex¬ 
 torsion as collector; he pleads guilty and is fined.) 
 
 Assize Roll, Essex, 267. 25 Edw. III. 66 membranes. 
 
 Praesentationes apud Chelmsford. 
 
 (For evidence that these are “ coram Rege ” indict¬ 
 ments, see app., F, 1.) 
 
 m. 1. (No heading.) 
 
 Item dicunt quod Edmundus de Nortot cepit de villa 
 de Fynchingfeld de laboratoribus et seruitoribus de 
 
 1 MS. eandem. 2 MS. eidem. 3 MS. summa. 
 
2.66 * 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 anno Regis nunc xxiiii 0 , x li. vnde dominus Rex nichil 
 habuit. 
 
 m. 7. Item dicunt quod dictus Edmundus de Northhofts 
 per consilium et assensum Iohannis Houel in omnibus 
 sessionibus suis habuit mariscallum, videlicet Iohannem 
 Northtofts, qui cepit de quolibet laborario iurato fere 
 iiii d. (Item Thomas de Haueryng, clericus, i d. Item 
 Iohannes Castel, crior, id.) et inprisonauit omnes 
 laborarios et seruitores qui noluere dictum feodum 
 soluere quousque etc., ad anullacionem et paupera- 
 cionem hominum et feminarum hundredi et contra 
 ordinaciones domini Regis inde factas. 
 
 • ••••«« • 
 
 m. 51. Essex. Magna Inquisicio. 
 
 m. 54 d. 
 
 Item ils presentent qe com Esmund de Northtuft vn 
 des iustices sur laborers, le Iudy proscheyn apres la 
 feste de Seynt Matheu lan du regne nostre Seignur le 
 Roy qore est xxiiii, fuist asis en le Chaustel Daungre, 
 et fist apeller deuant luy toutz les artificers ct laborers 
 de chescun ville del hundred Daungre, et Waulter 
 Salkyn deuant le dit Esmund pour exces par fyn deuers 
 le Roy puny; al ysser de mesme celuy Waulter a la 
 porte du chastel auandict, Iohan de Bamptone, senes¬ 
 chal et baillif du dit hundred, le dit Waulter arestut et 
 enprisona et de luy prist v deners par extorsion en r 
 countre la pees, et par mesme la cause et en mesme la 
 manere de William Tracp v d. [etc.] 1 et de plusurs 
 aultres artificers et laborers et seruantz a la mount- 
 aunce de c. souldz par voie de extorsion prist encountre 
 lestatut. 
 
 Assize Roll, Essex, 268. 25 Edw. III. 27 membranes. 
 
 Praesentationes Juratorum. 
 
 (For an account of the probable character of this 
 
 ! Ten others. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 267 * 
 
 roll, see app., 169, and F, 1; the portions here quoted 
 are probably “ coram Rege ” indictments.) 
 
 m. 6. Magna Inquisicio. 
 
 Rugford. 
 
 • ••••••• 
 
 Item presentant quod Edmundus Nortoft, collector 
 quindecime comitatus Essex’, cepit de villa de Stur- 
 mere xxxii s. ii d. de laboratoribus 1 eiusdem ville et 
 nilominus lxxviii s. pro integra solucione quindecime 
 predicte, et pro qualibet acquietancia vi d. anno Regis 
 nunc xxv. 
 
 m. 6 d. ........ 
 
 Item presentant quod Edmundus Nortoft, collector 
 quindecime Regis in comitatu Essex’, cepit de villa de 
 Wetheresfeld xii s. de laborariis ville et nilominus in- 
 tegram summam quindecime ville anno xxv. 
 
 • •*•••• • 
 m. 16. Hundredum de Dunmawe. 
 
 • • • • • | • * • 
 
 Item presentent qe Iohan Walter de Fifhyde fut iure 
 deuaunt Edmund de Nortoft et son compaignoun qe il 
 Trans- laboreyt et prendreyt soloun la ordinaunce de nouele 
 gressio. estatut, la ou il prist en lan nostre seignur le Roy qe 
 ore est xxiiii en Aust vi d. manger et beyure de iour 
 en iour par viii semaygnes encontre lestatut, et est rebel 
 et ne wit estre iustifise par le conestablis de la ville. 
 
 Cf. Mem. K. R., 26 Edw. Ill, Trin., Recorda, 
 Essex. A long process against Thomas de Lacy, Ed¬ 
 mund de Northtoft and John Waleys, collectors of the 
 grant of the 22nd year, who had failed to account for 
 
 *MS. laboribus. 
 
268 * 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 the third year of the payment; 1 they were convicted, 
 imprisoned, and fined. 
 
 2. Extracts from Lay Subsidies and Memoranda Rolls. 
 
 ( Cf . pt. i, ch. iii, i, B, a.) 
 
 Memoranda Roll, L. T. R., no. 118. 
 
 Adhuc Commtinia de termino Sancti Michaelis anno 
 xxvii Regis Edwardi tercii. Adhuc Recorda, rot. 20. 
 
 (Enrolled Mem. K. R., 26, Trin., Recorda, Anglia; and 
 Orig., 26, m. 27, Anglia.) 
 
 Essex’ Forma leuacionis et distribucionis finium et amercia- 
 mentorum operariorum. 
 
 Leo de Bradenham et socii sui collectores xv e et x e trienna- 
 lium Regi a laicis anno xxv to concessarum in comitatu Essex’ 
 exhibuerunt curie literas Regis patentes quas pecierunt irrotu- 
 lari in hec verba: Edwardus, Dei gracia Rex Anglie et Francie 
 et dominus Hibernie, dilectis et fidelibus suis Leoni de Braden¬ 
 ham et Iohanni de Depeden, salutem. Sciatis quod cum duces, 
 comites, barones, milites et communitates comitatuum regni nos- 
 tri Anglie quintamdecimam, ac cives et burgenses ciuitatum et 
 burgorum eiusdern regni decimam omnium bonorum suorum 
 mobilium in presenti parliamento nostro apud Westmonaster- 
 ium ad diem Veneris in festo Sancti Hillarii proxime preteritum 
 conuocato, pro triennio tunc proxime futuro in auxilium ex- 
 pensarum quas pro expedicione guerrarum nostrarum et sal- 
 uacione et defensione dicti regni facere nos oportet, concesserint 
 eodem modo quo huiusmodi decime et quintedecime nobis 
 vltimo concesse leuate fuerunt leuandas et nobis ad terminos 
 Pasche et Sancti Michaelis quolibet anno dicti triennii per 
 equales porciones soluendas, et nos habita consideracione quod 
 quamplura ville et hameletta tarn per pestilenciam quam ex 
 aliis variis causis in multo depauperantur quam pluraque alia 
 
 1 Undoubtedly, therefore, the same date as that of the offences referred 
 to in the “coram Rege ” indictments. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 269 * 
 
 totaliter vastantur, ad requisicionem eiusdem communitatis de 
 assensu prelatorum, ducum, comitum et baronum predictorum 
 concesserimus eidem communitati omnes fines, redempciones, 
 exitus, forisfactiones et amerciamenta omnium operariorum, 
 seruientum et artificum que de eis vel causa eorum coram iusti- 
 ciariis nostris ad inquirendum de huiusmodi operatoribus, ser- 
 uientibus et artificibus iuxta formam statuti inde editi facta et 
 adiudicata existunt de quibus nobis seu communitatibus ciuita- 
 tum, burgorum et villarum predictorum in subsidium decime et 
 quintedecime nobis alias concessarum iuxta ordinacionem tunc 
 inde factam non est responsum, et eciam que imposterum vsque 
 ad finem vltimi termini solucionis decime et quintedecime predic- 
 tarum fieri et adiudicari continget, in auxilium et supportacionem 
 solucionis decime et quintedecime earundem per taxatores et col- 
 lectores decime et quintedecime illarum in singulis comitatibus 
 per extractas iusticiariorum predictorum eisdem taxatoribus et 
 collectoribus liberandas iuxta formam nobis in dicto parlia¬ 
 ment per dictam communitatem liberatam et per nos accep- 
 tatam quam vobis mittimus in forma patenti sigillo nostro 
 signatam leuanda et colligenda. 
 
 Nos volentes de dictis decima et quintadecima pro primo 
 anno dicti triennii responderi iuxta concessionem nobis inde 
 factam, assignauimus vos coniunctim et diuisim ad leuan- 
 dum, colligendum et recipiendum ad opus nostrum pro 
 primo anno predict de singulis ciuitatibus, burgis et villis 
 in comitatu Essex’ tarn infra libertates quam extra tantam 
 pecunie summam quanta de eisdem ciuitatibus, burgis et 
 villis in comitatu predict in vltima concessione huiusmodi 
 decime et quintedecime leuata fuit ad opus nostrum; ita quod 
 nobis de vna medietate omnium denariorum de decima et 
 quintadecima predictis in dicto comitatu proueniencium in festo 
 Pasche proxime futuro et de altera medietate denariorum 
 eorundem in festo Sancti Michaelis proxime sequente respon- 
 deatis, et eciam assignauimus vos ad omnia predicta fines, re¬ 
 dempciones, exitus et amerciamenta leuanda et colligenda et 
 inter villatas et hameletta predicta distribuenda et liberanda 
 iuxta formam supradictam. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 270 * 
 
 Et ideo vobis mandamus quod, statim visis presentibus, 
 vos de villa ad villam et loco ad locum infra comitatum 
 predictum tarn infra libertates quam extra prout expedire 
 videritis personaliter diuertatis et venire faciatis coram vobis 
 de qualibet villa dicti comitatus duos homines et prepositum 
 et de qualibet ciuitate et burgo eiusdem comitatus maiorem 
 et balliuos et quatuor homines de discrecioribus et probior- 
 ibus hominibus eorundem villarum, ciuitatum et burgorum 
 ad certos dies et loca eis magis acomoda per vos desig- 
 nanda; iniungentes eisdem quod pecuniam predictam deciine et 
 quintedecime predictarum per vnum vel duos de singulis vil¬ 
 larum, ciuitatum et burgorum predictorum magis sufficientes 
 leuari et vobis liberari faciant indilate. Alioquin dictam pecu¬ 
 niam de decima et quintadecima predictis de ipsis ciuitatibus, 
 burgis et villis cum omni celeritate leuari et nobis inde respon¬ 
 ded et dicta fines, redempciones, exitus et amerciamenta collegi 
 et leuari et inter villatas et hameletta predicta distribui faciatis 
 sicut predictum est. 
 
 Damus autem vobis et cuilibet vestrum plenam tenore 
 presencium potestatem distringendi et amerciandi omnes illos 
 quos ad veniendum coram vobis premuniri feceritis si coram 
 vobis venire recusauerint, necnon capiendi et arestandi omnes 
 illos si qui vobis vel alicui vestrum in execucione premis- 
 sorum resistentes fuerint, necnon castigandi et puniendi 
 omnes huiusmodi rebelles aliis viis et modis quibus pro celeri 
 leuacione denariorum predictorum melius videritis expedire. 
 Damus eciam ducibus, comitibus, baronibus, militibus et 
 liberis hominibus et toti communitati comitatus predicti tarn 
 infra libertates quam extra, necnon maioribus et balliuis 
 ciuitatum et burgorum in eodem comitatu ac balliuis prela- 
 torum, ducum, comitum, baronum et aliorum quorumcumque 
 infra libertates et extra et vicecomiti nostro eiusdem comitatus 
 tenore presencium in mandatis quod vobis et cuilibet vestrum 
 in premissis omnibus et singulis faciendis et exequendis inten- 
 dentes sint respondentes, consulentes et auxiliantes prout eis 
 scire feceritis ex parte nostra, et quod idem vicecomes omnes 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 2 JI * 
 
 homines porciones ipsos inde contingentes soluere recusantes 
 vna vobiscum distringat et ad solucionem huiusmodi compellat 
 quociens et quando per vos vel aliquem vestrum super hoc 
 fuerit premunitus. 
 
 In cuius rei testimonium, has literas nostras fieri fecimus 
 patentes. 
 
 Teste me ipso, apud Westmonasterium, xxv ta die Februarii, 
 anno regni nostri Anglie vicesimo sexto, regni vero nostri 
 Francie terciodecimo. 
 
 Per ipsum Regem et consilium. 
 
 Exhibuit eciam hie prefatus Leo de Bradenham formam 
 leuacionis et concessionis de quibus fit vlterius mencio in breui 
 in hec verba: (duplicated in Miscellanea of the Exchequer, no. 
 4/39; printed from a British Museum transcript in Statutes of 
 the Realm , as 25 Edw. Ill, st. vii, Statutum de Forma leva- 
 tionis Decimequinte.) 
 
 Come notre seignur le Roi, prelatz, dues, countz, barons et 
 autres grantz assembleyz en cest parlement tenuz a Wey- 
 monster en la feste de Seint Hiller lan du regne meisme nostre 
 seignur le Roi Dengleterre vintisme quint et de Fraunce dous- 
 zisme eient grantez as les communes de dit roialme Dengle¬ 
 terre en eide des disme et quinzisme queles les ditz communes 
 ount grantez au nostre dit seignur le Roi, pur lesploit de sa 
 guerre de France et defense de son dit roialme Dengleterre, 
 pur trois aunz proscheinz ensuantz, toutz les fynes, issuez, for- 
 faitz, amerciementz et toutz altres profitz que sount ou serount 
 leuez ou prises des laborers, artificers, regraters, vitaillers, hos- 
 tillers et totes manere dez ouerours et dez seruantz en toutz 
 pointz, (comme pleinement est contenuz en lestatut ent fait au 
 dreyn parlement tenuz a les oetaues de la Chaundeloure lan 
 susdit,) de la feste du Pasche drayne passe tanques a dreyn 
 terme du payement des dismes et quinzismes susditz. Et oues- 
 ques ceo si rien soit aderiere dez dites fynes, amerciementz et 
 autres profitz susditz de la fesaunce de dit estatut, que nest mye 
 paye a les communes en eide de lour disme et quinzisme cur- 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 272 * 
 
 rantz deuant sez heures (ou des summes de queles le Roi nest 
 mye respounduz), adonqes eient les dites communes ceo que 
 issint est aderere en eide de lour disme et quinzisme triennales 
 a cest parlement grantez; les ditz communes prient a nostre dit 
 seignur le Roi et a les grantz, que commissions dez laborers 
 soient faites as certeignes gentz en chescune countee nomez 
 par les ditz communes en meisme le parlement, denquere et de 
 fair droit solonq lestatut auantdit; et que meismes les iustices 
 preignent gagez resonablez, chescun solonq son estate, des 
 issuez et profitz de lour sessions; et que les iustices facent de- 
 liuerer lour extretz as coillours de les dismes et quinzismes es 
 counteez ou ils serront par endenture, et que extretes ent 
 liueretz en lescheqier soient liueretz as ditz iustices, qi les fer- 
 rount liuerer hors de lour gard as ditz coillours; et meisme 
 les iustices auant lour leuer en chescun session facent affirer 
 les amerciementz come appent; et quant ils serrount issint 
 affirez soient touz les extretes et touz profitz de lour sessions a 
 la fyne de chescun session mys en certeyn somme en presence 
 des ditz iustices, coillours et des chiualers et des sergeantz des 
 mieltz vaus de pays, et soit apporcione meisme la somme par 
 serement des bones et loials chiualers et altres de chescune 
 hundred en la forme qensuit: cest assauoir que de chescun 
 hundred soient certeynes gentz eslut deuant mesmes les iustices 
 tanque il bosoignera iuretz a monstrer et a dire de chescune 
 ville del hundred et de chescun hamel le gast mischiefes et lem- 
 pouerissement des yceles, sibien deinz franchise come dehors, 
 saunz celer ou fauere fair a nully, et soit la somme, quant ele 
 serra issint mys en certeyne, a fyne de chescune session, appor¬ 
 cione entre lez ditz villes et hameles par lauys dez ditz iustices 
 et par serement des ditz coillours et altres sousnomez solonc 
 lestat des ditz villes et hamels et lour mischiefes et solonc ceo 
 que lour necessite demande; issint que a chescune ville et hamel 
 soit allote sa porcioune, et mys en certeyn, et la cause dycel, 
 deuant les ditz iustices, et mys en lour recordes, et recoupe en 
 partye du payement del aunciene taxe des ditz villes et hamels; 
 et que le remen ant du taxe des dites villez et hamels soit leue 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 273 * 
 
 par les ditz coillours outre les extretes liueretz a eux par les 
 ditz iustices solonc laporcionement susdite, et nient pluys, sour 
 peyne de perder la treble as parties des queux les choses serront 
 leuetz, et qui de ce se senterent greuez et destre retynte a la 
 volente le Roi; et que les ditz iustices eient poair a oier et ter¬ 
 miner, si bien a la suyte du partie come a la suyte le Roi, des 
 coillours, soutcoillours, taxours et altres ministres qecumqes, et 
 de totez altres qui ferrount ou vendront contre lour ordinances 
 susdites, et afaire sour ceo redde punissement, et que toutz les 
 prolitz issantz des tieux punissementz en qecomque manere, que 
 serront aiuggetz deuant les ditz iustices des tieux laboriers, 
 ouerours et artificers, ou par cause de eux, soient en eide de la 
 commune, pur porter la charge de lour disme et quinzisme 
 auantdites. Et contenuz soit en les commissions ent faites, que 
 touz ministres, seignurs des franchises et lour baillifs soient 
 attendantz a les ditz iustices sour gref payne; as queux choses 
 susdites nostre seignur le Roi, prelatz, dues, countes et altres 
 grantz au dit parlement donez lour assent pleinerement; issint 
 totes voies, que par cause de nul poynt susdit de leuer ne la 
 paier des dites disme et quinzisme triennales ne soit pas delaye 
 en nul manere as nuls des termes susdites. 
 
 Memoranda Roll, L. T. R., no. 118. 
 
 Adhuc Communia de termino Sancti Hillarii anno xxvii 0 
 Regis Edwardi tercii post conquestum. Adhuc Recorda, 
 rot. 19. 
 
 Anglia, De modo et forma admissionis compotorum de 
 finibus etc. operariorum, seruientum et artificum. 
 
 Memorandum quod cum in quodam statuto . . . (*. e. statute 
 of labourers of the 25th year; there follows, first, a brief sum¬ 
 mary of both the ordinance and the statute, and second, a literal 
 quotation in Latin of the clause of the statute beginning “ Item 
 que viscontes ” 1 ) datum est curie intelligi quod denarii pro- 
 uenientes de finibus, redempeionibus, excessubus, exitibus et 
 
 *App., 16. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 274 * 
 
 amerciamentis predictis concellantur per diuersos ministros 
 Regis qui denarios illos leuare et sibi ipsis appropriare ac in 
 vsubus suis propriis conuertere intendunt, absque eo quod 
 quicquam solutum sit Regi inde in exoneracionem communitatis 
 regni Anglie de predicta xv a , videlicet, triennali concessa supra- 
 dicto anno xxv t0 iuxta formam statuti predicti, ad dampnum 
 Regis et dicte communitatis. Ideo pro huiusmodi dampno eui- 
 tando in euentu et vt sciatur quod denarii predicti rite leuentur, 
 soluantur et expendantur in exoneracionem dicte communitatis 
 et celeriori solucione xv e predicte, pro commodo Regis concor- 
 datum est quod mandetur omnibus huiusmodi iusticiariis per 
 Angliam quod extractas suas liberent collectoribus xv e predicte 
 per indenturas et quod alteras partes indenturarum illarum 
 penes eosdem iusticiarios remansuras post confecciones earun- 
 dem mittant hie sub sigillis suis de tempore in tempus prout etc. 
 Mandetur eciam collectoribus dicte xv e et x e triennalium in 
 singulis comitatibus Anglie quod dictas extractas a prefatis 
 iusticiariis recipiant per indenturas in forma predicta et dena¬ 
 rios in eisdem extractis contentos leuent et inde respondeant 
 hie proporcionaliter in exoneracionem communitatis singulorum 
 comitatuum Anglie in quibus leuati fuerint de solucione xv e et 
 x e predictarum. Ipsique collectores computent hie ad scacca- 
 rium per extractas predictas eis per dictos iusticiarios liber- 
 andas per quas et similiter per certificaciones eorundem ius- 
 ticiariorum faciendas hie, ipsi collectores onerentur super com- 
 potis suis. 
 
 Concordatum est insuper quod auditis compotis illis hie 
 in forma predicta capiantur pedes compotorum illorum et 
 respondeant collectores statim de summis suis antequam rece- 
 dant in exoneracionem, videlicet, dicte communitatis de solu¬ 
 cione xv° et x e predictarum, dictique compoti non ingrossentur 
 quousque etc. Set remaneant in custodia ingrossatoris huius 
 scaccarii et quod extracte super eosdem compotos restitute ac 
 particule compotorum illorum remaneant in custodia rememora- 
 toris; que quidem extracte innouentur de tempore in tempus 
 cum necessitas requiratur currentibus xv a et x a predictis. Ita 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 275 * 
 
 quod cessantibus ipsis xv a et x a satisfactoque Regi inde, id 
 quod superfuerit non leuatum per extractas predictas leuetur 
 ad opus Regis. 
 
 Memoranda Roll, K. R., no. 129. 
 
 Adhuc Breuia directa baronibus de termino Sancte Trini- 
 tatis anno xxvii° Regis Edwardi tercii; rot. 5 d. 
 
 Pro collectoribus x me et xv me Regi anno xxv t0 conces- 
 sarum in comitatu Buk’ pro primo anno solucionis earun- 
 dem. 
 
 Rex thesaurario et baronibus suis de scaccario, salutem. 
 Cum nuper in parliamento nostro apud Westmonasterium con- 
 uocato, concordatum fuisset quod omnes pecuniarum summe 
 de finibus, amerciamentis et exitibus operariorum, seruiencium 
 et artificum prouenientes per collectores decime et quintedecime 
 per extractas iusticiariorum nostrorum ad inquirendum de 
 huiusmodi operariis, seruientibus et artificibus assignatorum eis 
 liberandas leuarentur et inter villatas vbi magis indigerit in 
 auxilium solucionis decime et quintedecime predictarum dis- 
 tribuerentur, ac iam ex parte collectorum dictarum decime et 
 quintedecime in comitatu Buk’ pro primo anno concessionis 
 earundem nobis sit ostensum quod, licet vos extractas huius¬ 
 modi finium, amerciamentorum et exituum operariorum, ser- 
 uientum et artificum coram Willelmo de Shareshull et sociis 
 suis iusticiariis nostris ad placita coram nobis tenenda assig- 
 natis in sessione sua in comitatu predicto factorum et adiudica- 
 torum prefatis collectoribus de mandato nostro liberaueritis ad 
 eosdem fines, amerciamenta et exitus per extractas illas leuanda 
 et distribuenda in forma predicta, vos tamen iam pretendentes 
 fines, amerciamenta et exitus predictos coram prefato Willelmo 
 et sociis suis predictis factos et adiudicatos ad nos pertinere 
 debere, dictos fines, amerciamenta et exitus per ipsos collectores 
 per extractas predictas leuatos eis allocare distulistis et diuersas 
 pecuniarum summas de finibus, amerciamentis et exitibus pre¬ 
 dictis ad opus nostrum leuari fecistis contra formam concordie 
 supradicte. Et quia intencionis nostre et consilii nostri extitit 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 276 * 
 
 et existit quod omnes huiusmodi fines, amerciamenta et exitus 
 operariorum, seruientum et artificum tam coram iusticiariis ad 
 placita coram nobis tenenda assignatis quam aliis iusticiariis 
 nostris quibuscumque facti et adiudicati in auxilium solucionis 
 decime et quintedecime predictarum conuertantur, vobis man¬ 
 damus quod prefatis collectoribus omnes pecuniarum summas 
 de huiusmodi finibus, amerciamentis et exitibus coram prefato 
 Willelmo et sociis suis predictis factis et adiudicatis tam per 
 ipsos collectores quam per vos leuatas eisdem collectoribus in 
 alleuiacionem porcionum pauperes villatas comitatus predicti 
 de decima et quintadecima predictis contingencium ad scacca- 
 rium predictum allocetis iuxta intencionem nostram supra- 
 dictam. 
 
 Teste me ipso, apud Westmonasterium, vi die Iunii, anno 
 regni nostri Anglie vicesimo septimo, regni vero nostri Francie 
 quartodecimo. 
 
 Cf. ibid., Trin., Recorda, Bucks.; De allocacione facienda 
 collectoribus xv me . 
 
 Lay Subsidy, 242/81, Derby. 1 
 
 No. 2. Edwardus, Dei gracia Rex Anglie et Francie et dom- 
 inus Hibernie, collectoribus decime et quintedecime in 
 comitatu Derb’, salutem. Mandamus vobis quod dilecto 
 et fideli nostro Hugoni de Meignill vni iusticiariorum 
 nostrorum ad inquirendum de operariis, seruientibus et 
 artificibus in comitatu predicto assignatorum sex solidos 
 et octo denarios pro se et clericis suis per diem pro vadiis 
 suis tam pro tempore quo sessiones suas circa premissa 
 in comitatu predicto fecit quam exnunc pro tempore quo 
 sessiones suas huiusmodi in eodem comitatu facere con- 
 tinget, videlicet pro quadraginta diebus per annum si 
 sessiones suas huiusmodi per tot dies ibidem fecerit ex 
 hac causa de exitibus extractarum finium, amerciamen- 
 torum et exituum huiusmodi operariorum, seruientum et 
 artificum vobis liberatarum et liberandarum solui et 
 habere faciatis. 
 
 1 App., D, 4. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 277 * 
 
 Teste me ipso, apud Westmonasterium, xii die Maii, 
 anno regni nostri Anglie vicesimo sexto, regni vero nos- 
 tri Francie terciodecimo. 
 
 Hank. 
 
 (Enrolled Claus., 26, m. 16, under the date 1 May; 
 printed in Rot. Pari., ii, 455, and Cal. Close Rolls, ix, 
 
 436.) 
 
 No. 1. Nouerint vniuersi per presentes me Hugonem de 
 Meignill, militem, iusticiarium domini Regis in comitatu 
 Derb’ ad diuersa grauamina, extorciones, excessus la- 
 borancium et seruiencium audienda et terminanda as- 
 signatum, recepisse de Iohanne de Greseley et sociis suis 
 collectoribus xv e et x e secundi anni triennalium domino 
 Regi concessarum in comitatu Derb’ viginti marcas ster- 
 lingorum de feodo meo pro me et clericis meis, ab vltimo 
 die Marci anno regni Regis nunc xxv t0 vsque festum 
 Michaelis anno xxvii t0 , pro xl diebus quibus sessiones 
 meas feci in hac parte, percipiendo per diem dimidiam 
 marcam, virtute breuis domini Regis dicto Iohanni et 
 sociis inde directi. De quibus vero viginti marcis fateor 
 me fore pacatum et dictos Iohannem et socios suos quie- 
 tos per presentes. 
 
 I11 cuius rei testimonium, presentibus sigillum meum 
 apposui. Data apud Derb’ die Veneris proximo post 
 festum Sancti Michaelis Archangeli, anno regni Regis 
 Edwardi tercii post conquestum vicesimo septimo. 
 
 Similar writs as follows: no. 6, to William de Wakebrugg, 
 12 May, 26th year; Henry de la Pole, 12 July, 26th year; en¬ 
 rolled on Close Rolls, ut supra, with slight differences of dates 
 of the months; no. 4, to John Cokeyn, 20 July, 27th year. 
 Receipts from all the above. All these are the original docu¬ 
 ments, consisting of small pieces of parchment fastened to¬ 
 gether in one bundle. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 278 * 
 
 Memoranda Roll, L. T. R., no. 119. 
 
 Adhuc breuia retornabilia de termino Sancti Michaelis 
 anno xxviii 0 Regis Edwardi tercii post conquestum. 
 
 Bed' Rex dilectis et fidelibus suis Iohanni Morice et Iohanni 
 Mareschal iusticiariis ad transgressiones et excessus 
 operariorum, seruientum et artificum in comitatu Bed' 
 puniendos assignatis, salutem. Mandamus vobis quod 
 omnes extractas finium, exituum, amerciamentorum et 
 excessuum coram vobis et sociis vestris adiudicatorum 
 penes vos adhuc existentes et collectoribus primi et 
 secundi anni solucionis xv et x e triennalium nobis a 
 laicis anno regni nostri Anglie xxv t0 concessarum in 
 comitatu predicto nondum liberatas, dilectis nobis col¬ 
 lectoribus tercii anni solucionis xv e et x e predictarum 
 per indenturas inde debite conficiendas liberetis, vt ipsi 
 collectores tercii anni fines, exitus, amerciamenta et ex¬ 
 cessus predictos in alleuiacionem communitatis dicti 
 comitatus de solucione eiusdem tercii anni ad opus nos¬ 
 trum leuare et super compotum suum inde nobis respon- 
 dere [possint] iuxta formam concessionis nostre et sta- 
 tuti inde editi et prouisi. Et partes indenturarum 
 illarum penes vos remansuras post confeccionem earun- 
 dem habeatis siue mittatis ad scaccarium nostrum apud 
 Westmonasterium, a die Pasche in xv dies sub sigillis 
 vestris vel vnius vestrum et hoc breve, vt per partes 
 illas per vos sic mittendas et liberandas dicti collectores 
 tercii anni super compotum suum de eodem tercio anno 
 onerari valeant, prout decet. 
 
 Teste G. de Wilford, apud Westmonasterium, ix die 
 Decembris. 
 
 Per Originalia de anno xxv t0 quoad commissionem 
 iusticiariorum et formam concessionis et statuti predic- 
 torum, et per barones. 
 
 Memoranda Roll, K. R., no. 129. 
 
 Breuia irretornabilia de termino Pasche anno xxvii t0 
 Regis Edwardi tercii. 
 
DOCUMENTS , LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 279 * 
 
 Warr’ Rex collectoribus xv e et x e triennalium nobis a laicis 
 anno regni nostri Anglie xxv concessarum, secundo, 
 videlicet, anno solucionis earimdem in comitatu Warr’, 
 salutem. Cum Willelmus atte Spyne nuper vnus collec- 
 torum xv e et x e predictarum de primo, videlicet, anno 
 solucionis earundem iam computauerit ad scaccarium 
 nostrum pro se et sociis suis nuper collectoribus ipsarum 
 xv e et x e de finibus, excessubus, exitibus et amercia- 
 mentis seruientum, operariorum et aliorum artificum per 
 ipsum Willelmum leuatis per extractas inde ei per ius- 
 ticiarios nostros ad transgressiones et excessus huius- 
 modi seruientum, operariorum et artificum in dicto comi¬ 
 tatu puniendos assignatos, 1 per quern compotum idem 
 Willelmus cognoscit se habere in custodia sua xxv s. 
 iam levatos de finibus, excessubus, exitibus et amercia- 
 mentis predictis et quod lxii li. xv s. vi d. adhuc debentur 
 per extractas predictas, ac iniunxerimus eidem Willelmo 
 quod predictos xxv s. vobis soluat per indenturam indi- 
 late pro distribucione inde facienda inter villatas dicti 
 comitatus per pesilenciam et paupertatem magis depres- 
 sas, iuxta concessionem et ordinacionem nostras in vltimo 
 parliamento nostro factas, vobis mandamus quod eosdem 
 xxv s. a prefato Willelmo in forma predicta recipiatis 
 et eos fideliter distribuatis, indeque nobis respondeatis 
 in exoneracionem communitatis dicti comitatus, iuxta 
 formam concessionis et ordinacionis predictarum, mitti¬ 
 mus eciam vobis quatuor cedulas presentibus tachiatas 
 nomina predictos lxxii 2 li. xv s. vi d. adhuc debencium 
 continentes, mandantes quod eosdem lxii li. xv s. vi d. 
 de terris et catallis eorundem debitorum et plegiorum 
 eorundem proporcionaliter, prout debentur in eisdem 
 cedufis, leuari et distribui faciatis, indeque necnon de 
 predictis xxv s. respondeatis in forma predicta super 
 compotum vestrum in proximo reddendum de secundo, 
 videlicet, anno solucionis xv e et x e predictarum. Et 
 
 *MS. assignatas. 
 
 Clearly an error for lxii. 
 
28 o * 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 habeatis ibi tunc alteram partem dicte indenture penes 
 vos remansuram, dictas quatuor cedulas et hoc breue. 
 
 Teste G. de Wylford, apud Westmonasterium, vii° 
 die Maii. 
 
 Per rotulum Memorandorum de eodem anno xxvii°, 
 Pasche; Visus compotorum. 
 
 Memoranda Roll, L. T. R., no. 120. 
 
 Adhuc Breuia retornabilia de termino Sancti Hillarii, 
 anno xxix Regis Edwardi tercii post conquestum. 
 
 NorfF 
 
 Rex dilectis sibi Hugoni Peuerell, Edmundo de Reynham et 
 Roberto atte Park, collectoribus xv e et x e triennalium nobis a 
 laicis anno regni nostri Anglie xxv to concessarum in comitatu 
 NorfF, videlicet, de tercio anno solucionis earundem, salutem. 
 Mandamus vobis firmiter iniungentes quod omnes fines, exitus, 
 amerciamenta et excessus per vos leuatos seu leuandos per ex- 
 tractas vobis liberatas de tempore ante festum Sancti Michaelis 
 proxime preteritum distribui et allocari faciatis pauperibus 
 villatis died comitatus et vadia iusticiariorum huiusmodi opera- 
 riorum inde soluatis iuxta formam statuti inde editi et manda- 
 torum nostrorum vobis inde directorum, per visum et testi¬ 
 monium Iohannis de Berneye quern ad vos ea de causa duximus 
 transmittendum ne per vestri defectum seu necligenciam in hac 
 parte querimonia ad nos perueniat iterata, per quod ad vos 
 grauiter capere debeamus. Et quid inde feceritis thesaurario et 
 baronibus de scaccario nostro apud Westmonasterium in octabis 
 Purificacionis beate Marie distincte et aperte constare faciatis. 
 
 Teste G. de Wilford, xxiii die lanuarii. 
 
 Per thesaurarium et barones ac alios de consilio. 
 
 Memoranda Roll, L. T. R., no. 123. 
 
 Adhuc Communia de termino Sancti Michaelis anno 
 xxxii 0 Regis Edwardi tercii a conquestu. Adhuc Recorda, 
 rot. 21 d. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 281 * 
 
 Derb’ De Henrico de la Pole et aliis iusticiariis at- 
 tachiatis pro liberacione extractarum. 
 
 Comperto in Originalibus de anno xxv to Regis nunc quod 
 Rex per literas suas patentes datas xv die Marcii eodem anno, 
 assignauit Iohannem de Grey de Codenore, Hugonem de Mey- 
 nill, Nicholaum de Langeford, Willelmum de Skypwyth, Iohan¬ 
 nem de Moubray, Rogerum Michel de Breydeston, Iohannem 
 Cokayn et Thomam Adam de Assheburn ad pacem et statuta 
 apud Wyntoniam et Norhamptoniam pro conseruacione pacis 
 eiusdem edita in omnibus et singulis articulis suis in comitatu 
 Derb’ custodienda et custodiri facienda et eciam ad ordina- 
 ciones de operatoribus per Regem et consilium suum pro com- 
 muni vtilitate regni tarn in consilio Regis quam in vltimo par¬ 
 liament© apud Westmonasterium tentis factas in omnibus et 
 singulis suis articulis in comitatu predicto infra libertates et 
 extra custodiendas et custodiri faciendas et ad omnes illos quos 
 contra formam earundem inuenirent in aliquo delinquentes 
 castigandos et puniendos prout secundum formam earundem 
 foret faciendum, et ad ordinandum, superuidendum et facien¬ 
 dum quod omnes et singuli articuli in dictis ordinacionibus con¬ 
 tend in comitatu predicto infra libertates et extra debite exe- 
 cucioni demandarentur; et quod postmodum, videlicet, xx die 
 Iulii proxime sequente, Willelmus de Wakebrugg et Henricus 
 de la Pole et eorum alter associati fuerunt dicto Iohanni de 
 Grey et sociis suis predictis et eorum cuilibet ad premissa 
 omnia et singula in eodem comitatu facienda et explenda in 
 forma predicta; preceptum fuit vicecomiti dicti comitatus 
 quod distringeret predictos Iohannem de Grey, Hugonem de 
 Meynill et executores testamenti predicti Nicholai de Lange¬ 
 ford, Willelmum de Skypwyth, Iohannem de Moubray, Rog¬ 
 erum Michel, Iohannem Cokayn, Thomam Adam, Willelmum 
 de Wakebrugg et Henricum de la Pole per terras etc.; ita 
 quod haberet corpora eorum hie modo in crastino Sancti 
 Michaelis ad liberandum hie extractas de finibus, exitibus, 
 amerciamentis et excessubus coram eisdem iusticiariis Regi 
 adiudicatis in sessionibus per ipsos factis pretextu literarum 
 predictarum. 
 
282 * 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 Et ad predictum crastinum dictus vicecomes retornauit breue 
 quoad predictum Iohannem de Grey et executores testamenti 
 predicti Nicholai de Langeford et mandauit quod predictus 
 Iohannes de Grey et Alicia que fuit vxor predicti Nicholai et 
 Nicholaus de Langeford, iunior, executores testamenti predicti 
 Nicholai, districti sunt et exitus etc. Et prefatus Iohannes de 
 Grey per Iohannem de Wodehous et predicti Alicia et Nicho¬ 
 laus, executores etc., per Iohannem de Edenesouere attornatos 
 suos veniunt. Et idem Iohannes de Grey pro se dicit quod 
 dicte litere patentes ad manus suas nunquam deuenerunt nec 
 ipse de aliqua sessione pretextu literarum illarum in dicto comi- 
 tatu Derb’ se intromisit, nec alique extracte penes ipsum rema¬ 
 nent. Et hoc pretendit verificare etc. Et predicti Alicia et 
 Nicholaus, executores etc., dicunt quod dicte litere patentes 
 nunquam deuenerunt ad manus predicti Nicholai nec ipse ali- 
 quam sessionem fecit aut se inde in aliquo intromisit nec alique 
 extracte penes ipsum remanserunt. Et hoc pretendunt similiter 
 verificare etc. Et quoad predictos Hugonem de Menyl, Willel- 
 mum de Skypwyth, Iohannem Moubray, Rogerum Michel, Io¬ 
 hannem Cokayn, Thomam Adam, Willelmum Wakebrugg et 
 Henricum de la Pole, vicecomes non retornauit breue. Set 
 prefatus Henricus de la Pole, inuentus hie in curia et super 
 premissis allocutus, recordatur quod ipse intromisit se de ses¬ 
 sione predicta et quod nulle extracte inde penes ipsum rema¬ 
 nent, set quod omnes extracte de sessionibus illis remanent 
 penes predictum Hugonem de Menyll. Predictique Willelmus 
 de Skypwyth, Iohannes de Moubray, Willelmus de Wakebrugg, 
 inuenti in curia et super premissis allocuti, recordantur quod in 
 nullo se intromiserunt se sessione predicte iusticiarie nec alique 
 extracte inde remanent penes ipsos Willelmum, Iohannem et 
 Willelmum. Ideo tarn ipsi Willelmus de Skypwyth, Iohannes 
 de Moubray et Willelmus de Wakebrugg quam predictus Hen¬ 
 ricus de la Pole inde ad presens sine die. Et quoad predictos 
 Hugonem de Meynill, Rogerum Michel, Iohannem Cokayn et 
 Thomam Adam, preceptum est vicecomiti Derb’ quod distringat 
 eos per terras etc.; ita etc. in octabis Sancti Hillarii ad liberan- 
 
DOCUMENTS , LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 283 * 
 
 dum extractas etc. Et idem dies datus est predictis Iohanni de 
 Grey de Codenouere, Alicie et Nicholao de Langford, execu- 
 toribus etc., ad faciendum quod etc. 
 
 Ad quern diem predicti Iohannes de Grey de Codenore, 
 Alicia et Nicholaus de Langeford, executores etc., veniunt per 
 dictos attornatos suos. 1 Et vicecomes retornauit quod predicti 
 Hugo de Meignill, Rogerus Michel, Iohannes Cokeyn et 
 Thomas Adam districti sunt et exitus etc. Et ipsi non veniunt. 
 Ideo sicut alias, ita etc. in crastino Clausi Pasche. Et idem 
 dies datus est predictis Iohanni de Grey, Alicie et Nicholao ad 
 faciendum quod etc. Ad quern diem predicti Iohannes de Grey 
 de Codenore, Alicia et Nicholaus de Langeford, executores etc., 
 veniunt per dictos attornatos suos. Et vicecomes non retor¬ 
 nauit breue quoad predictos Hugonem de Meynill, Rogerum 
 Michel, Iohannem Cokayn et Thomam Adam. Set predictus 
 Hugo de Meignill venit per Robertum de Sekyndon, attornatum 
 suum, et dicit quod qualitercumque dictus Henricus de la Pole 
 recordatus fuerit quod nulle extracte de sessione iusticiarie pre- 
 dicte facta dictis annis xxv t0 et xxvi to remanent penes ipsum 
 Henricum et quod omnes extracte ille remanent penes eundem 
 Hugonem de Meignill, idem tamen Hugo dicit quod nulle ex¬ 
 tracte inde remanent penes ipsum Hugonem. Set quod eedem 
 extracte de predictis annis xxv t0 et xxvi t0 integre remanserunt 
 et adhuc remanent penes dictum Henricum de la Pole, petens 
 pro Rege quod idem Henricus veniat hie ad liberandum ex¬ 
 tractas illas. 
 
 Et facto scrutinio super liberacione extractarum de huius- 
 modi finibus operariorum facta per iusticiarios inde in dicto 
 comitatu Derb’ a tempore quo primo assignati fuerunt ad 
 transgressiones et excessus operariorum puniendos, videlicet, a 
 supradicto xv° die Marcii anno xxv to et deinceps, non est com- 
 pertum quod alique huiusmodi extracte liberantur per dictos 
 iusticiarios de tempore, videlicet, inter dictum xv diem Marcii 
 anno xxv t0 et festum Sancti Michaelis anno xxviii 0 . Comper- 
 tum est tamen in rotulo compotorum de taxacionibus, in com- 
 
 ^S. suum. 
 
284* 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 poto, videlicet, Iohannis de Greseley et sociorum suorum collec- 
 torum xv e et x e triennalium Regi anno xxv t0 concessarum in 
 dicto comitatu Derb’, de secundo, videlicet, anno solucionis 
 earundem, quod iidem collectores onerant se et respondent de 
 lxi li. xiiii s. xi d. de finibus operariorum etc. quos computant 
 liberasse diuersis villatis et burgis dicti comitatus in subuen- 
 cionem xv et x predictarum, videlicet, per vii rotulos et vnam 
 cedulam indentatos eisdem collectoribus per dictos iusticiarios 
 liberatos et continentes ci li. xiiii s. xi d., videlicet, de sessione 
 dictorum iusticiariorum de predictis annis xxvi et xxvii 0 ; de 
 qua liberacione predictorum lxi li. xiiii s. xi d. ipsi collectores 
 liberarunt curie ccxvi indenturas inter ipsos collectores ex parte 
 vna et subcollectores suos ex altera confectas. Residuum vero 
 dictorum ci li. xiiii s. xi d. ipsi collectores computant se liber¬ 
 asse prefatis Hugoni de Meynill, Iohanni Cokayn, Willelmo de 
 Wakebrugg et Henrico de la Pole, iusticiariis, pro vadiis suis 
 sicut continetur in compoto ipsorum collectorum de finibus pre¬ 
 dictis etc. per ipsos collectores leuatis per vii rotulos et vnam 
 cedulam indentatos supradictos eisdem collectoribus per dictos 
 iusticiarios liberatos de sessione sua de predictis annis xxvi et 
 xxvii 0 ; qui quidem compotus residet in custodia ingrossatoris 
 hie in scaccario. Set non inuenitur penes scaccarium hie quod 
 dicti iusticiarii liberarunt hie iuxta formam statuti etc. aliquod 
 Originale de predictis finibus continens predictos ci li. xiiii s. 
 xi d. de eisdem annis xxvi 0 et xxvii 0 neque de aliquibus huius- 
 modi finibus operariorum de supradicto anno xxv t0 . Ideo pre- 
 ceptum est vicecomiti Derb’ quod distringat predictum Henri- 
 cum de la Pole, Rogerum Michel, Iohannem Cokayn et Tho- 
 mam Adam per terras etc., ita etc. in crastino Sancte Trinitatis, 
 ad liberandum extractas de predictis annis xxv t0 , xxvi t0 et 
 xxvii 0 . Et idem dies datus est prefatis Iohanni de Grey, Hu¬ 
 goni de Meignill, Alicie et Nicholao de Langeford ad facien¬ 
 dum et recipiendum inde quod etc. 
 
 Ad quern diem predicti Iohannes de Grey, Hugo de Meignill, 
 Alicia et Nicholaus de Langeford veniunt per dictos attornatos 
 suos et per defaltam predictorum Henrici de la Pole, Rogeri 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 285 * 
 
 Michel, Iohannis Cokayn et Thome Adam versus quos fit exe- 
 cucio vt prius, adiornantur vlterius vsque crastinum Sancti 
 Michaelis. 
 
 Ad quern diem predicti Iohannes de Grey, Hugo, Alicia et 
 Nicholaus veniunt per dictos attornatos suos. Et vicecomes 
 Derb’ retornauit quod predicti Henricus de la Pole, Rogerus 
 Michel, Iohannes Cokayn et Thomas Adam districti sunt et 
 exitus etc. Et ipsi non veniunt. Ideo distringantur sicut plu- 
 ries, ita etc. in crastino Sancti Hillarii. Et idem dies datus est 
 prefatis Iohanni de Grey, Hugoni, Alicie et Nicholao ad facien¬ 
 dum et recipiendum inde quod etc. 
 
 Ad quern diem predicti Iohannes de Grey, Hugo de Meignill, 
 Alicia et Nicholaus de Langeford veniunt per dictos attornatos 
 suos. Et predicti Henricus de la Pole et Rogerus Michel veni¬ 
 unt in propriis personis suis. Et predicti Iohannes Cokayn et 
 Thomas Adam non veniunt. Et predicti Iohannes de Grey, 
 Hugo de Meignill, Alicia et Nicholaus pro se ipsis dicunt vt 
 prius. Et predicti Henricus de la Pole et Rogerus Michel pro 
 se ipsis dicunt quod non habent penes se aliquas extractas de 
 predictis annis xxv, xxvi et xxvii°. Dicunt enim quod non 
 fuerunt alique extracte prouenientes de sessione sua dicte ius- 
 ticiarie de predicto anno xxv t0 et quod alie partes dictorum vii 
 rotulorum et vnius cedule indentatorum de extractis de predictis 
 annis xxvi to et xxvii 0 deuenerunt in custodiam Iohannis Beek, 
 clerici sui, et postmodum casualiter sunt deperdite vt intelli- 
 gunt. Set dicunt sub omni periculo quod etc. quod dicte partes 
 vii rotulorum et vnius cedule indentate sic deperdite non con- 
 tinebant maiorem summam denariorum quam predictos ci li. 
 xiiii s. xi d. contentos in dictis vii rotulis et vna cedula inden- 
 tatis per dictos collectores xv e et x e hie ad scaccarium liberatis. 
 Super quo, dictum est eisdem Henrico et Rogero quod diligen- 
 cius scrutari faciant dictas vii partes rotulorum et cedule in¬ 
 dentatorum, ita quod eas habeant hie a die Pasche in unum 
 mensem liberandas etc. et quod tunc sint hie ad audiendum et 
 recipiendum quod etc. quoad extractas de predicto anno xxv t0 . 
 Et preceptum est vicecomiti quod distringat predictos Iohan- 
 
286 * 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 nem Cokayn et Thomam Adam per terras etc. ita etc. ad dic¬ 
 tum mensem. Et idem dies datus est predictis Iohanni de Grey, 
 Hugoni, Alicie et Nicholao ad recipiendum quod etc. 
 
 Ad quern diem predicti Iohannes de Grey, Hugo, Alicia et 
 Nicholaus veniunt per dictos attornatos suos. Et vicecomes 
 retornauit breue et mandauit quod predicti Iohannes Cokayn et 
 Thomas Adam districti sunt et exitus etc. Et idem Iohannes 
 Cokayn venit in propria persona sua et cognoscit quod ipse in- 
 tromisit de quibusdam sessionibus, set dicit quod nulle extracte 
 penes ipsum remanent nec alique extracte ad manus ipsius 
 lohannis vnquam deuenerunt, et quia idem Iohannes assignatus 
 fuit iusticiarius et premissa recordatur, dictum est ei quod eat 
 ad presens inde sine die, salua accione Regis si alias etc. Et 
 prefatus Thomas Adam non venit. Ideo distringatur ita etc. 
 in crastino Sancte Trinitatis sicut continetur in ligea breuium 
 de termino Pasche anno xxxiii 0 . Et idem dies datus est pre- 
 fatis Iohanni de Grey, Hugoni, Alicie, Nicholao et Henrico de 
 la Pole et Rogero ad recipiendum super premissis quod etc. 
 
 Ad quern diem dicti Iohannes de Grey, Hugo, Alicia et 
 Nicholaus et Rogerus Michel veniunt per dictos attornatos suos. 
 Et prefatus Henricus de la Pole venit similiter in propria per¬ 
 sona sua. Et vicecomes non retornauit breue quoad prefatum 
 Thomam Adam. Ideo sicut pluries, ita in crastino Sancti 
 Michaelis. Et idem dies datus est prefatis Iohanni de Grey, 
 Hugoni, Alicie et Nicholao et Rogero et Henrico ad recipiendum 
 inde quod etc. Ad quern diem predictus Henricus de la Pote 
 in propria persona sua et predicti Iohannes de Grey, Hugo, 
 Alicia et Nicholaus, Rogerus et Henricus veniunt similiter per 
 dictos attornatos suos. Et idem Henricus de la Pole liberauit 
 hie Originate dictorum finium operariorum de predictis annis 
 xxv to , xxvi t0 et xxvii 0 continens viii rotulos; qui examinati 
 cum dictis vii rotulis et dicta cedula indentatis concordant in 
 nominibus et summis particularibus necnon predicta summa 
 totali predictorum ci li. xiiii s. xi d.; per quos quidem rotulos 
 et cedulam dicti collectores xv e in comitatu Derb’ computarunt 
 et onerantur, responderuntqtie et satisfecerunt de eisdem ci li. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 287 * 
 
 xiiii s. xi d., sicut continetur in rotulo compotorum de taxa- 
 cionibus. Ideo non fiat execucio per dictum Originale iam 
 liberatum hie per dictum Henricum de la Pole; set idem Orig¬ 
 inale consignetur cum litera D nominatim prout dicti rotuli in- 
 dentati et cedula consignantur et remaneat in custodia clerici 
 extractarum custodiendum prout etc. Et dictum est tarn eis- 
 dem Henrico quam dictis Iohanni de Grey, Hugoni, Alicie, 
 Nicholao et Rogero quod inde eant sine die, nec fiat vlterior 
 execucio versus prefatum Thomam Adam inde. 
 
 Memoranda Roll, L. T. R., no. 120. 
 
 Adhuc Communia de termino Sancti Michaelis anno 
 xxix Regis Edwardi tercii. 
 
 Adhuc Presentaciones, Attornamenta, Dies Dati et Re- 
 spectus; rot. 7 d. 
 
 Bed’ Willelmus Mordaunt, Robertus Diper et Simon de 
 De die Loryng, collectores tercii anni solucionis xv e et x e tri- 
 dato. ennalium Regi a laicis anno xxv concessarum in comi- 
 tatu Bed’, qui presentes hie admiserunt diem essendi 
 hie in crastino Purificacionis beate Marie proxime 
 futuro ad computandum de tercio anno predicto, sicut 
 continetur inter Dies Datos de hoc termino ex parte 
 alterius rememoratoris, allocuti sunt per barones super 
 leuacione finium, excessuum, exituum et amerciamen- 
 torum operariorum, seruientum et artificum etc., [et] 
 dicunt quod nichil inde leuauerunt eo quod nullas ex- 
 tractas inde receperunt, petentes quod demandetur Gal- 
 frido de Lucy et sociis suis iusticiariis ad transgres- 
 siones huiusmodi operariorum etc. pro deliberacione 
 extractarum etc. Ideo mandatum est eisdem iusticia¬ 
 riis per breue, cuius data est secundo die Nouembris 
 hoc termino, quod omnes extractas penes ipsos iusticia- 
 rios adhuc remanentes de huiusmodi finibus etc. liber- 
 ent predictis collectoribus per indenturam etc. et partem 
 indenture illius habeant hie ad dictum crastinum Puri- 
 
288 * 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 ficacionis liberandam vt per eandem partem dicti col¬ 
 lectors onerentur super compotum prout etc. Quod 
 quidem breue liberatin' dictis collectoribus iiii t0 die 
 Nouembris hoc termino deferendum etc. Et iniunctum 
 est eisdem collectoribus quod sequantur cum ea celeri- 
 tate qua etc. penes dictos iusticiarios pro dictis extractis 
 habendis et quod habitis extractis illis leuari faciant 
 omnes denarios contentos in eisdem, eosdemque dena- 
 rios fideliter distribuant inter pauperes villatas dicti 
 comitatus et quod sint hie ad dictum crastinum Purifi- 
 cacionis ad computandum inde prout etc. quern diem 
 inde admiserunt sub periculo quod etc. 
 
 Ad quern diem predicti collectors venerunt. Et pre- 
 dictus Galfridus de Lucy, iusticiarius, venit et liberauit 
 hie x rotulos indentatos de huiusmodi finibus operari- 
 orum, continentes lxxiii li. iiii s. viii d.; quorum rotu- 
 lorum alteram partem indentatam recordatur idem ius¬ 
 ticiarius se liberasse prefatis collectoribus circiter festum 
 Sancte Trinitatis anno xxviii 0 ; super quo dicti collec¬ 
 tors allocuti cognoscunt quod receperunt alteram partem 
 indenture predicte et se leuasse pro maiori parte predic- 
 tos lxxiii li. iiii s. viii d. et eos distribuerunt inter pau¬ 
 peres villatas dicti comitatus iuxta formam statuti etc. 
 ante festum, videlicet, Sancti Michaelis proxime pre- 
 teritum quod dictus iusticiarius est testatus. Et quia in 
 statuto edito super punicione huiusmodi operariorum 
 inter cetera continetur quod si dicti fines, redempeiones, 
 amerciamenta et excessus operariorum non soluantur 
 in auxilium xv e predicte et cessante xv a ilia id quod 
 tunc restat leuandum de huiusmodi finibus etc. leuetur 
 ad opus Regis et inde respondeatur Regi per vicecomi- 
 tem comitatus in quo leuandum fuerit, iniunctum est 
 prefatis collectoribus quod id quod restat leuandum de 
 predictis lxxiii li. iiii s. viii d. leuari faciant indilate et 
 inde respondeant Regi super compotum suum de finibus 
 predictis; ad quern compotum Regi reddendum datus 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 289 * 
 
 est dies dictis collectoribus hie a die Pasche in xv dies 
 quem diem inde admiserunt sub periculo quod etc. Ad 
 quem diem predicti Willelmus, Robertus et Simon 
 venerunt et prestiterunt de fideliter computando etc. 
 Postea percomputarunt; qui quidem compotus liberatur 
 ingrossatori custodiendus xxv to die Aprilis hoc termino. 
 
 > •• 
 
 ( ' I I 
 
 3. Extracts from Memoranda Rolls. (Cf. pt. 1, ch. iii, 1, B, b.) 
 
 Memoranda Roll, L. T. R., no. 119. 
 
 Adhuc Communia de termino Sancti Michaelis anno 
 xxviii 0 Regis Edwardi tercii; adhuc Recorda, rot. 28. 
 
 Suht’ De collectoribus xv e et x e commissis prisone pro 
 transgressionibus. 
 
 Preceptum fuit vicecomiti Suht’ quod distringeret 
 Iohannem Botiller, Iohannem Wodelok, Stephanum de 
 Welewyk, Iohannem Sely de Andeure, Iohannem de 
 Kyngeston et Willelmum de Ryngeburn, collectores 
 secundi anni solucionis xv e et x e triennalium Regi a 
 laicis anno xxv t0 concessarum in comitatu predicto, 
 per terras et catalla sua etc., ita quod haberet corpora 
 eorum hie modo a die Sancti Martini in xv dies ad 
 reddendum Regi compotum de finibus, exitibus, amer- 
 ciamentis et excessubus operariorum, seruiencium et 
 artificum per ipsos collectores leuatis per extractas eis 
 liberatas per iusticiarios ad transgressiones et excessus 
 huiusmodi operariorum, seruiencium et artificum puni- 
 endos assignatos in comitatu predicto, pretextu, vide¬ 
 licet, cuiusdam commissionis de magno sigillo dictis 
 collectoribus inde facte, cuius tenor annotatur in quo- 
 dam rotulo extracto de rotulis Cancellarie de anno 
 xxvii 0 et liberato hie, qui adhuc remanet in custodia 
 rememoratoris Regis. Et ad dictam quindenam Sancti 
 Martini predictus vicecomes non retornat breue. Set 
 omnes dicti collectores veniunt, videlicet, predicti Io- 
 hannes Botiller, Iohannes Wodelok, Stephanus de 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 Welewyk et Iohannes Sely in propriis personis suis et 
 predicti Iohannes de Kyngeston et Willelmus de Rynge- 
 burn per Iohannem de Holt, attornatum suum, et dicunt 
 quod in premissis computare non debent. Dicunt enim 
 quod predicti iusticiarii nondum liberarunt eis aliquas 
 extractas pro huiusmodi finibus, exitibus, amercia- 
 mentis et excessubus leuandis nec ipsi collectores vel 
 eorum aliquis quicquam inde leuauerunt aut se inde 
 aliqualiter intromiserunt. Set quia suspicato quod pre¬ 
 dicti collectores receperunt extractas predictas et eas 
 concellarunt etc., ipsi collectores de precepto curie iurati 
 et postmodum diligencius examinati super recepcione 
 earundem extractarum, predictus Iohannes Botiller 
 cognouit quod ipse recepit ex liberacione Willelmi 
 Coumfold, clerici dictorum iusticiariorum, quandam 
 extractam continentem circiter xl li. et quod dicti socii 
 sui, videlicet, Iohannes Wodelok, Stephanus et Iohan¬ 
 nes Sely inde bonam habent noticiam, quod ipsi Iohan¬ 
 nes, Stephanus et Iohannes Sely non dedicunt asse- 
 rentes omnes ipsi iiii or collectores se quicquam inde 
 nondum leuasse nec predictos Iohannem de Kyngeston 
 et Willelmum de Ryngbourn qui intromiserunt se de 
 colleccione xv e et x e predictarum in Insula Vecta in 
 nullo sciuisse vel se intromisisse de leuacione finium, 
 exituum, amerciamentorum et excessuum predictorum, 
 eo quod predicti iusticiarii nullam fecerunt sessionem 
 in insula predicta. Et vnde Ricardus de Byrton qui est 
 vnus dictorum iusticiariorum per commissionem Regis 
 irrotulatam in Originalibus de predicto anno xxv to et 
 predictus Willelmus Coumfeld, clericus ipsius iusticiarii, 
 et Willelmi de Fifhyde, alterius dictorum iusticia¬ 
 riorum, presentes hie in curia et super premissis allo- 
 cuti dicunt precise quod nullam fecerunt sessionem in 
 dicta Insula Vecta et quod idem Willelmus Fifhyde 
 per manus dicti clerici liberauit dictis collectoribus ex¬ 
 tractas de sessione sua quas tunc habuerunt arraiatas. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 291 * 
 
 set de summa denariorum contentorum in eisdem 
 dicunt quod non constat eis ad presens. 
 
 Et habita deliberacione super responso ipsorum col- 
 lectorum quia ipsi collectores primo responderunt quod 
 nullas extractas receperunt et postmodum iurati tam per 
 cognicionem suam quam per testimonium dictorum ius- 
 ticiariorum et clerici conuicti sunt quod receperunt ex¬ 
 tractas predictas sicque variarunt in eisdem responsis et 
 cognicionibus suis in illusionem et decepcionem curie ac 
 retardacionem solucionis finium etc. predictorum, nec- 
 non depauperacionem communitatis dicti comitatus, 
 consideratum est quod ipsi collectores adeant prisonam. 
 Flete 1 Et committuntur prisone de Flete, predictique Iohannes 
 de Kyngeston et Willelmus de Ryngeburn inde eant sine 
 die. Postea predicti iiii or collectores fecerunt fines cum 
 Finis Rege pro transgressionibus predictis, videlicet, predicti 
 xxx s. Iohannes Wodelok, Stephanus et Iohannes Sely per 
 in ex- xxx s., quilibet, videlicet, eorum per x s., et predictus 
 tractis. Iohannes Botiller per dimidiam marcam et eo minus 
 quam dicti socii sui eo quod primo cognouit recep- 
 Finis cionem extractarum contra voluntatem dictorum soci- 
 dimidia orum suorum vt apparuit per examinacionem predic- 
 marca tam. Et datus est dies eisdem iiii or collectoribus hie a 
 in ex- die Sancti Hillarii in xv dies ad computandum de fin- 
 tractis. ibus, exitibus, amerciamentis et excessubus predictis 
 per dictas extractas per eos iam receptas et interim re- 
 cipiendas et ad soluendum Regi predictos xxxvi s. 
 viii d. Et iniunctum est prefato iusticiario, manda- 
 tumque est per breue tam eidem iusticiario quam dicto 
 Willelmo de Fifhyde alteri dictorum iusticiariorum 
 quod omnes extractas penes eos adhuc remanentes de 
 sessionibus suis predictis nondum dictis collectoribus 
 liberatas, liberent eisdem iiii or collectoribus indilate per 
 indenturam etc. vt ipsi collectores fines etc. leuare et 
 inde respondere valeant ad dictam quindenam iuxta 
 
 1 Crossed through in MS. 
 
292 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 formam concessionis Regis et statuti inde editi etc. et 
 quod ipsi iusticiarii habeant vel mittant hie ad dictam 
 quindenam alteras partes indenture etc., vt dicti collec- 
 tores onerari valeant per easdem, prout etc. 
 
 Quia eciam tam predictus Ricardus de Byrton, iustici- 
 arius quam predictus Willelmus de Coumfold, clericus 
 iusticiariorum, testati sunt quod predictus Willelmus de 
 Fifhyde, vnus dictorum iusticiariorum, liberauit collec- 
 toribus primi anni solucionis xv e et x e predictarum di- 
 uersas extractas de predictis sessionibus suis continentes 
 magnam pecunie summam leuandam in exoneracionem 
 dicte communitatis et quod ipsi collectores leuauerunt 
 plures denarios inde, et penes se detinent nondum dis¬ 
 tributes inter pauperes villatas dicti comitatus iuxta 
 formam statuti predicti, visus est compotus ipsorum 
 collectorum primi anni et compertum est in eodem quod 
 ipsi collectores non responderunt de aliquibus denariis 
 prouenientibus de finibus, exitibus et amerciamentis 
 operariorum in comitatu predicto eo quod iusticiarii 
 Regis ibidem nullas extractas eisdem collectoribus inde 
 liberarunt, nec iidem collectores inde quicquam leua¬ 
 uerunt vt tunc asserebant per sacramentum suum. Et 
 sic apparet concelamentum etc. Ideo concordatum est 
 quod ipsi collectores primi anni, videlicet, Rogerus 
 Gerueys, Ricardus de Harnhull et Willelmus Helioun 
 veniant etc. Et preceptum est vicecomiti Suhf quod 
 distringat eos per terras etc.; ita etc. ad dictam quin¬ 
 denam Sancti Hillarii ad computandum etc. et ad re¬ 
 spondendum etc. Et mandatum est dictis iusticiariis 
 quod habeant vel mittant hie ad eandem quindenam 
 partes indenturarum de extractis eisdem collectoribus 
 primi anni sic liberatis vt onerari valeant per easdem 
 partes indenturarum prout etc. et quod certificent hie 
 quo die dictas extractas eis liberarunt. Postea predicti 
 collectores secundi anni adiornantur vlterius vsque a 
 die Sancte Trinitatis in xv dies ad computandum etc., 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 293 * 
 
 quem diem habent ad computandum de xv a sicut con- 
 tinetur ex parte alterius rememoratoris. Et quoad 
 predictos collectores primi anni fit execucio vt prius, 
 sicut continetur in ligea breuium de termino .Pasche 
 hoc anno, ita etc. ad dictam quindenam. 
 
 Ad quem diem predicti collectores secundi anni vene- 
 runt et computarunt de extractis predictis per quem 
 compotum nichil debetur Regi sicut continetur in 
 eodem compoto qui liberatur ad ingrossandum xxviii 0 
 die Iunii, hoc anno. Ideo, quoad ipsos non fiat vlterius 
 execucio, set quoad collectores primi anni fit execucio 
 vt prius. 
 
 Memoranda Roll, L. T. R., no. 119. 
 
 Adhuc Breuia retornabilia de termino Sancti Michaelis 
 anno xxviii 0 Regis Edwardi tercii. 
 
 Cant’ Rex dilectis et fidelibus suis Willelmo de Lauenham 
 et sociis suis iusticiariis ad transgressiones et excessus 
 operariorum, seruiencium et artificum in comitatu 
 Cant' puniendos assignatis, salutern. Cum Iohannes de 
 Schardelowe, Iohannes de Ellesworth et Iohannes 
 Cheyni, nuper collectores primi anni solucionis xv e et 
 x e triennalium nobis a laicis anno regni nostri Anglie 
 xxv to concessarum in comitatu predicto, computauerint 
 ad scaccarium nostrum de primo anno solucionis xv e et 
 x e predictarum et super eundem compotum non re- 
 sponderint de aliqua pecunie summa per eos leuata de 
 finibus, exitibus, amerciamentis et excessubus opera- 
 riorum, seruiencium et artificum predictorum, eo quod 
 nullas extractas inde a vobis receperint pro leuacione 
 prout tunc asserebant; ac iam acceperimus quod licet 
 vos quasdam extractas diuersos fines, exitus, amercia- 
 menta et excessus vsque ad non modicam pecunie 
 summam continentes prefatis collectoribus iuxta for- 
 mam statuti inde editi a diu est liberaueritis ipsique 
 collectores fines, exitus, amerciamenta et excessus illos 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 plene leuauerint, iidem tamen collectores denarios illos 
 per eos sic leuatos sibi ipsis appropriantes et in vsibus 
 suis propriis conuertentes eos in dicto compoto suo 
 concelarunt et nobis inde in alleuiacionem et exonera- 
 cionem communitatis 1 dicti comitatus iuxta formam 
 concessionis nostre inde et statuti predicti nobis respon- 
 dere recusarunt in curie nostre illusionem et dicte com¬ 
 munitatis depauperacionem manifestam. 
 
 Super quo nobis est supplicatum vt festinum reme¬ 
 dium in hac parte apponi iubere velimus. Nos tantam 
 transgressionem si taliter fuerit perpetrata pertransire 
 nolentes impunitam, vobis mandamus firmiter iniungen- 
 tes quod si aliquas huiusmodi extractas prefatis collector- 
 ibus liberaueritis tunc de numero rotulorum et summis 
 particularibus in eisdem rotulis contentis ac nominibus 
 summas illas singulatim debentibus, necnon de die et 
 anno quibus extracte ille per vos dictis collectoribus 
 liberate fuerunt, thesaurario et baronibus de scaccario 
 predicto apud Westmonasterium citra crastinum Sancti 
 Nicholai proxime futurum vel tunc ad vltimum, dis- 
 tincte et aperte certificetis, vt habita huiusmodi certifi- 
 cacione vestra vlterius tarn pro commodo dicte com¬ 
 munitatis comitatus quam pro punicione dictorum col- 
 lectorum fieri valeamus quod fuerit racionis. Et si 
 forte aliquas huiusmodi extractas prefatis collectoribus 
 non liberaueritis, tunc omnes extractas finium, exituum, 
 amerciamentorum et excessuum huiusmodi coram vobis 
 in sessionibus vestris in exoneracionem dicte communi¬ 
 tatis nobis adiudicatorum collectoribus tercii anni solu- 
 cionis xv e et x e predictarum per indenturam inde iuxta 
 formam dicti statuti conficiendam liberetis et alteras 
 partes indenturarum illarum penes vos remansuras post 
 confeccionem earundem mittatis ad dictum scaccarium 
 nostrum statim post liberacionem inde predictam, vt 
 per easdem partes indenturarum dicti collectores tercii 
 
 1 MS. communitatus. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 295 * 
 
 anni super compotum suum de eodem tercio anno in 
 exoneracionem dicte communitatis onerari valeant vt 
 est moris. Et quid inde feceritis prefatis thesaurario 
 et baronibus ad dictum crastinum Sancti Nicholai dis- 
 tincte et aperte reddatis cerciores, hoc breue tunc ibidem 
 remittentes. 
 
 Teste G. de Wilford, apud Westmonasterium, xxii 
 die Nouembris. 
 
 Per rotulum compotorum de taxacionibus quoad 
 nomina predictorum collectorum et non responsum ali- 
 cuius summe de finibus, exitibus, amerciamentis et ex- 
 cessubus operariorum, et per Originalia de predicto 
 anno xxv t0 quoad statutum et nomina iusticiariorum, 
 et per barones quoad alia in breui. 
 
 Memoranda Roll, L. T. R., no. 119. 
 
 Adhuc Status et visus compotorum de termino Sancti 
 Hillarii anno xxviii; rot. 10. 
 
 Cant’ Audito compoto Iohannis de Ellesworth et Iohannis 
 Cheyny, collectorum xv e et x e triennalium in comitatu 
 •Cant’ de finibus, exitibus et amerciamentis seruientum, 
 operariorum et aliorum artificum in comitatu predicto 
 per ipsos leuatis per extractas coram Willelmo de 
 Lauenham et sociis suis iusticiariis ad inquirendum 
 de huiusmodi finibus, exitibus et amerciamentis ser¬ 
 uientum, operariorum et aliorum artificum assignatis 
 anno xxvi to prefatis collectoribus per prefatos iusticia- 
 rios liberatas et de episcopo Eliensi per indenturam 
 predictis collectoribus liberatas per manus Ricardi de 
 Midelton, persone ecclesie de Litlebury, pro se, Iohan¬ 
 nis de Conygdon, attornati Iohannis de Shardelowe, 
 alterius collectoris xv e et x e predictarum in comitatu 
 predicto, videlicet, de predictis finibus, exitibus et 
 amerciamentis sic leuatis et receptis per indenturam 
 predictam a festo Sancti Michaelis, anno xxvi to 
 vsque idem festum anno xxvii 0 , habent superplusa- 
 gium xvii d. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 296 * 
 
 Et quia annotatur in rotulo compotorum de taxa- 
 cionibus in compoto, videlicet, dictorum collectorum 
 primi anni solucionis xv e et x e predictarum, quod in¬ 
 fra summam ipsorum collectorum de eisdem xv e et x e 
 continentur cccvii li. xi s. vi d. de finibus, exitibus et 
 amerciamentis seruientum et operariorum vnde dicti 
 collectores liberarunt hie quendam rotulum de partic- 
 ulis qui remanet in quadam baga in custodia huius 
 rememoratoris; in quo rotulo inseritur quod predicti 
 collectores distribuerunt predictos cccvii li. xi s. vi d. 
 particulariter inter villatas dicti comitatus, quarum 
 villatarum nomina et summe inde singulis ipsarum 
 villatarum distribute et allocate plenius annotantur in 
 eodem rotulo; et suspicatur quod eedem distribucio et 
 allocacio rite non fuerint modo quo dicti collectores 
 inde computarunt; concordatum est quod inquiratur 
 inde et quod Iohannes de Blockeleye et Robertus de 
 Charwelton assignentur ad dictam inquisicionem cap- 
 Trans- iendam. Et fit eis inde commissio, mandatumque est 
 scriptum eis quod inquirant ita quod inquisicionem inde habeant 
 est inter hie a die Pasche in xv dies. Et transscriptum dicti 
 billas rotuli mittitur sub pede sigilli huius scaccarii prefatis 
 de hoc Iohanni et Roberto pro informacione etc. Et precep- 
 termino. turn est vicecomiti quod ad certos dies et loca quos etc. 
 
 venire faciat coram eis xxiiii tales tarn milites quam 
 alios probos etc. de singulis villatis predictis qui etc. 
 et quod premuniri faciat predictos collectores quod 
 capcionibus dictarum inquisicionum intersint si etc. 
 Et quia per extractas predictorum iusticiariorum per 
 quas dicti collectores computarunt, vt predictum est, 
 lxxi li. xvii s. viii d. ob. de huiusmodi finibus etc. 
 adhuc restant leuandi in comitatu predicto sicut con- 
 tinetur in eisdem extractis que remanent in custodia 
 huius rememoratoris inter particulas compotorum dic¬ 
 torum collectorum et de finibus predictis, nomina eos- 
 dem lxxi li. xvii s. viii d. ob. debencium et singulos 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 297 * 
 
 eorum contingentes extrahuntur de extractis predictis 
 per modum summonicionis innovate et mittuntur sub 
 sigillo huius scaccarii collectoribus tercii anni solu- 
 cionis xv e et x e predictarum, cum quodam breui huius 
 scaccarii per quod mandatum est eisdem collectoribus 
 quod predictos Ixxi li. xvii s. viii d. ob. leuari et dis- 
 tribui faciant inter pauperes villatas dicti comitatus in 
 auxilium solucionis xv e et x e predictarum, iuxta for- 
 mam statuti etc., ita quod inde respondeant hie super 
 compotum suum, sicut continetur alibi in hiis Memo- 
 randis inter Breuia retornabilia de hoc termino. 1 
 
 Postea, videlicet, ad dictam quindenam Pasche pre¬ 
 dict Iohannes de Blockeleye et Robertus de Cherwal- 
 ton non retornauerunt hie dictam commissionem. Ideo 
 mandatum est eis sicut alias, ita etc. a die Sancti 
 Michaelis in xv dies. 
 
 Ad quern diem predicti Iohannes de Blocleye et 
 Robertus de Cherwalton non retornauerunt dictam 
 commissionem. Ideo mandatum est eis sicut pluries, 
 ita etc. a die Sancti Hillarii in xv dies. Ante quern 
 diem, videlicet, xx° die Nouembris anno xxix Regis 
 nunc incipiente, predicti collectores tercii anni solu¬ 
 cionis xv e et x e predictarum, videlicet, Iohannes de 
 Ellesworth, Iohannes de Cheyny et Iohannes de 
 Lyouns veniunt, et quesito ab eis si receperint extrac- 
 tas continentes predictos lxxi li. xvii s. viii d. ob., 
 dicunt quod non. Super quo, Gilbertus Bernard, vnus 
 dictorum iusticiariorum in comitatu predicto, restituit 
 hie summonicionem predictam ob certum defectum 
 contentum in eadem. 2 Et eadem summonicio liber - 
 atur prefatis collectoribus tercii anni et iniunctum est 
 
 1 Cf. Mem. L. T. R.,28, Hill., Breu. Ret.; Cant’. A writ to the col¬ 
 lectors of the third year, signed by de Wilford, 3 March, referring to 
 Visus compotorum, Hill., 28th year, sends them the names of the delin¬ 
 quents who owed lxviii li. xv s. vii d. ob. 
 
 2 Perhaps the discrepancy in the amount; cf. note 1, supra. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 298 * 
 
 eis quod predictos lxxi li. xvii s. viii d. leuari et dis- 
 tribui faciant in forma predicta, ita quod inde re- 
 spondeant hie super compotum suum proximum ad 
 scaccarium de xv a et x a predictis in exoneracionem 
 communitatis comitatus predicti, videlicet, in octabis 
 Sancti Hillarii quem diem inde admiserunt sub periculo 
 quod etc. Et quia dicti collectores dicunt quod pre- 
 fati iusticiarii adhuc habent penes se diuersas extrac- 
 tas finium etc. nondum eisdem collectoribus liberatas, 
 petentes deliberacionem inde sibi fieri, mandatum est 
 prefatis iusticiariis per breue huius scaccarii cuius 
 data est xx die Nouembris supradicto, quod omnes 
 huiusmodi extractas penes ipsos iusticiarios adhuc re- 
 manentes prefatis collectoribus tercii anni per inden- 
 turam liberent indilate et quod partem indenture illius 
 penes se remansuram habeant hie ad dictas octabas 
 liberandam; quod quidem breue liberatur prefatis col¬ 
 lectoribus tercii anni deferendum sicut continetur in 
 Memorandis de anno xxix° inter Visus compotorum 
 de termino Sancti Michaelis 1 vbi fit execucio vlterius 
 inde, necnon de predicta summonicione continente 
 lxxi li. xvii s. viii d. Set postea, videlicet, ad dictam 
 quindenam Sancti Hillarii predicti Iohannes de Block- 
 eleye et Robertus de Cherwalton non retornauerunt 
 hie dictam commissionem. Ideo mandatum est eis 
 sicut alias; ita etc. a die Pasche in xv dies. Ad quem 
 diem predicti Iohannes de Blockele et Robertus de 
 Charwalton non retornauerunt dictam commissionem. 
 Ideo sicut pluries ...... 
 
 1 Rot. 9 d, Cant’: . . Et iniunctum est eisdem collectoribus quod 
 
 tam predictos lxxi li. xvii s. viii d. ob. . . . quam denarios contentos 
 in extractis per ipsos collectores sic recipiendis leuari et fideliter distribui 
 faciant inter pauperes villatas dicti comitatus iuxta formam statuti etc., 
 ita quod inde respondeant hie ad dictas octabas Sancti Hillarii . . . .” 
 The collectors of the third year finally account for all their arrears at a 
 date not long after Hilary, 29th year. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 299* 
 
 (For nine successive terms similar writs are issued 
 without result.) 
 
 • ••••••• 
 
 rot. 10 d. Adhuc de processu tangente collectores xv et x 
 triennalium concessarum anno xxv to . 
 
 Cant’ Postea quia predictus Johannes de Blockeleye 
 
 moratur in obsequio Philippe Regine Anglie et vacare 
 Trans- non potest capcioni inquisicionum predictarum, con- 
 scriptum cordatum est quod Almaricus de Shirlond assignetur 
 commis- loco dicti Iohannis ad dictas inquisiciones simul cum 
 sionis Roberto de Charwelton capiendas. Et fit eis inde 
 est inter commissio, mandatumque est eis quod inquiratur ita 
 billas de quod inquisiciones habeant in octabis Sancti Mich- 
 termino aelis, videlicet, anno xxxii 0 finiente. 
 
 Trinita- Ad quern diem predicti Robertus et Almaricus non 
 tis anno retornauerunt commissionem predictam; ideo man- 
 xxxii. datum est eis sicut alias, ita etc. in octabis Sancti 
 Michaelis anno xxxiii 0 finiente. 
 
 Ad quern diem predicti Robertus et Almaricus 
 non certificarunt. Ideo mandatum sit eis sicut plu- 
 ries, ita etc. a die Pasche in xv dies. Ad quern diem 
 predicti Robertus et Almaricus non retornauerunt 
 commissionem predictam. Ideo mandatum est eis 
 sicut alias, ita etc. in octabis Sancti Michaelis anno 
 xxxiiii t0 finiente. 
 
 Et continuato processu isto vsque a die Pasche in 
 xv dies anno xxxvii 0 Regis nunc, quo die predicti 
 Almaricus et Robertus non certificarunt. Set com- 
 perto in quodam statuto facto ad quindenam Sancti 
 Michaelis anno xxxvi t01 Regis nunc quod irrotu- 
 latur in Memorandis de dicto anno xxxvii 0 inter Re- 
 corda de termino Sancti Hillarii quod idem Rex per 
 assensum magnatum et tocius communitatis 2 An¬ 
 glie ordinauit et concessit quod omnes denarii de 
 
 1 Statutes, 36 Edw. Ill, st. 1, c. 14. 
 
 2 MS. communitatus. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 300 * 
 
 finibus, amerciamentis et aliis proficuis laborariorum 
 de predictis tribus annis tam leuatis quam leuandis 
 sint leuati ad opus communitatis comitatus predicti 
 et distributi inter eanaem communitatem, et quod 
 collectores eorundem comitatuum non compellantur 
 ad computandum coram baronibus de scaccario de 
 recepcione denariorum predictorum; ideo reuocetur 
 commissio predicta et non fiat vlterius execucio in 
 premissis. 
 
 Memoranda Roll, L. T. R., no. 122. 
 
 Adhuc Communia de termino Pasche anno xxxi mo Regis 
 Edwardi tercii post conquestum. Adhuc Recorda; rot. 6. 
 
 Buk’ De collectoribus xv e et x e triennalium concessarum 
 anno xxv to commissis prisone pro concelamento. 
 
 Memorandum quod cum Galfridus de Lucy, vnus 
 iusticiariorum ad transgressiones et excessus opera- 
 riorum, seruientum et artificum in comitatu Buk’ puni- 
 endos iuxta formam statuti inde editi assignatorum, 
 alias, videlicet, xxv t0 die Ianuarii anno xxviii 0 Regis 
 nunc, liberauerit hie xii rotulos indentatos de finibus, 
 excessubus, exitibus et amerciamentis huiusmodi opera- 
 riorum etc. coram ipso Galfrido et sociis suis iusticia- 
 riis adiudicatis et recordatus fuerit quod liberauit con- 
 traindenturas inde Thome de Reynes, Iohanni de la 
 Penne, Hugoni de Kynebell et Iohanni de Bergh, col¬ 
 lectoribus xv e et x e triennalium Regi a laicis anno xxv t0 
 in dicto comitatu Buk’ concessarum, de tercio, videlicet, 
 anno solucionis earundem, pro dictis finibus, excessu¬ 
 bus, exitibus et amerciamentis inibi contends leuandis in 
 exoneracionem communitatis pauperum villatarum dicti 
 comitatus de solucione xv e et x e predictarum; qui qui- 
 dem fines, excessus, exitus et amerciamenta ad cviii li. 
 vi d. particulariter se extendunt sicut continetur in xii 
 rotulis predictis et in indorsamento eorundem, qui sunt 
 in custodia huius rememoratoris, factum est scrutinium 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 301 * 
 
 super responsione dictorum collectorum de finibus, ex- 
 cessubus, exitibus et amerciamentis predictis et com- 
 pertum est quod dicti collectores termino Sancti Hillarii 
 anno xxix° computarunt ad scaccarium hie de xv a et x a 
 predictis de dicto tercio anno solucionis earundem sicut 
 continetur in Memorandis de eodem anno xxix 0 inter 
 Visus compotorum de eodem termino. Compertum est 
 eciam in rotulo compotorum de taxacionibus, in com- 
 poto, videlicet, dictorum collectorum de predicto tercio 
 anno quod ipsi collectores non respondent in eodem 
 compoto de aliquibus finibus operariorum etc. ob cau- 
 sam annotatam in rotulo de particulis eiusdem compoti. 
 Quibus quidem particulis residentibus in custodia re- 
 memoratoris Regis inspectis, inuentum est annotari in 
 eisdem quod dicti collectores non onerant se infra 
 summas dictarum xv e et x e de aliquibus denariis pro- 
 uenientibus de finibus, exitibus seu amerciamentis ser- 
 uientum, operariorum vel artificum in dicto comitatu 
 Buk’ eo quod iusticiarii ad hoc assignati sessionem 
 suam adtunc non fecerunt in eodem comitatu super 
 ordinacione et auisamento inter eos et alios de com- 
 munitate eiusdem comitatus ad distribuendum particu- 
 lariter per villatas comitatus et burgorum tocius comi¬ 
 tatus predicti iuxta formam, vim et effectum statuti 
 inde editi in auxilium xv e et x e predictarum, vt ipsi 
 collectores tunc per sacramentum suum asseruerunt. 
 Et sic per scrutinium predictum euidenter apparet quod 
 predicti collectores falso respondent super compotum 
 predictum contra debitum sacramenti sui et in decep- 
 cionem curie maxime cum dictus iusticiarius recordatus 
 fuerit, vt est dictum, quod liberauit dictis collectoribus 
 rotulos predictos diu, videlicet, per vnum annum ante 
 reddicionem compoti predicti, infra quod tempus dictam 
 distribucionem fecisse potuerunt si voluissent; per 
 quod pro eo quod dicti collectores pluries districti et 
 manucapti et per huiusmodi districcionem et manucap- 
 
302 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 * 
 
 cionem iusticiari non curauerant ad computandum de 
 predictis finibus et ad respondendum de falsa respon- 
 sione predicta set compotum et responsionem inde 
 diffugierunt in contemptum Regis etc., preceptum fuit 
 vicecomiti dicti comitatus quod attacheret ipsos collec¬ 
 tor es per corpora etc., ita quod eos haberet hie modo 
 a die Pasche in xv dies ad audiendum iudicium suum 
 de contemptu predicto, necnon ad computandum de 
 predictis finibus etc. 
 
 Et ad diem ilium predicti quatuor collectores veniunt 
 et allocuti per barones super premissis non dedicunt 
 quin receperunt de prefato iusticiario dictos rotulos de 
 finibus etc. continentes cviii li. vi d. in forma per dic¬ 
 tum iusticiarium superius recordata, nec quicquam 
 allegarunt in excusacionem sui de falsa responsione 
 predicta. Ideo ipsi quatuor collectores pro eadem falsa 
 Flete responsione committuntur prisone de Flete, moraturi 
 etc. Postea inuenerunt manucaptores, videlicet, Gal- 
 fridum de Lucy, Iohannem de Olneye, Willelmum de 
 Sudbury, Radulfum Pettesho, omnes de comitatu Buk’, 
 et Thomam de Sayton de comitatu Norht’, qui presen- 
 tes manuceperunt habere corpora predictorum quatuor 
 collectorum hie de die in diem et termino in terminum 
 quousque computauerint de finibus predictis et fecerint 
 finem cum Rege pro falsa responsione predicta, necnon 
 satisfecerint de arreragio eiusdem compoti et fine pre¬ 
 dicto, alioquin ipsi manucaptores onerentur versus 
 Regem de compoti arreragio et fine predictis. Et pre- 
 textu manucapcionis illius, dicti iiii or collectores de- 
 liberantur a prisona. 
 
 Postea datus est dies dictis quatuor collectoribus hie 
 in octabis Sancte Trinitatis ad computandum et finem 
 faciendum, necnon ad satisfaciendum de arreragio dicti 
 compoti et de fine predicto per manucapcionem predic- 
 tam. Ad quern diem predicti iiii or collectores venerunt 
 et computarunt de finibus predictis per quern compotum 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 303 * 
 
 onerant se de lx li. receptis de huiusmodi finibus per 
 dictas, videlicet, extractas continentes cviii li. vi d. De 
 residuo vero denariorum illorum, videlicet, lxxvi li. v d.< 
 non responderunt eo quod nichil inde leuauerunt nec 
 leuasse potuerunt propter breuitatem temporis, vt di- 
 cunt per sacramentum suum et sicut continetur in dicto 
 compoto qui remanet penes ingrossatorem; per quod 
 concordatum est quod extracte per quas dicti collec- 
 tores reddiderunt dictum compotum liberentur Wil- 
 lelmo de Wellum, custodi extractarum hie in scaccario 
 pro noua summonicione facienda de predictis lxxvi li. 
 v d. leuandis ad opus Regis. Et super hoc extracte 
 predicte liberantur dicto Willelmo de Wellum in forma 
 predicta quinto die lulii hoc anno. Et quoad predictas 
 lx li. iidem collectores computarunt se liberasse Gal- 
 frido de Lucy et Thome de Tochewyk, iusticiariis etc., 
 xl li. pro feodis suis per duo breuia Regis et duas 
 acquietancias ipsorum iusticiariorum separatim de re- 
 cepcione; post quam liberacionem dicti collectores de¬ 
 bent xx li. quas quidem xx li. dicunt per sacramentum 
 suum de assensu communitatis villatarum dicti comi- 
 tatus quibus eas distribuisse debuerant soluisse Gerardo 
 de Braibrok, Galfrido de Lucy, Alano Carbonel, Io- 
 hanni de Hameden et Ricardo de Arches nomine re- 
 gardi pro laboribus et expensis ipsorum Gerardi et 
 sociorum suorum factis circa expedicionem negociorum 
 ipsarum villatarum, sub tali, videlicet, condicione quod 
 si contingeret ipsos collectores impetiri ad sectam Regis 
 vel aliorum racione predictarum xx li., quod ipsi Gerar¬ 
 dus et socii sui responderent inde pro ipsis collectoribus 
 et in exoneracionem eorum. 
 
 Vnde quesitum est a dictis collectoribus quibus die 
 et anno communitas dictarum villatarum concessit et 
 assentiuit quod solucio fieret dictis Gerardo et sociis 
 suis de predictis xx li. et quibus die et anno 
 eedem xx li. solute fuerunt eisdem Gerardo et sociis 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 304 * 
 
 suis per ipsos collectores, dicunt quod dicta com- 
 munitas villatarum concessit et assensum prebuit anno 
 xxvii 0 Regis nunc quod solucio sic fieret et quod 
 solucio ilia facta fuit postmodum, videlicet, secundo die 
 Ianuarii anno xxviii 0 Regis nunc. Super quo, dicti 
 Gerardus et Iohannes de Hameden presentes hie coram 
 baronibus et super premissis allocuti cognoscunt se vna 
 cum predictis Galfrido de Lucy, Alano Carbonel et 
 Ricardo de Arches recepisse de prefatis iiii or collector- 
 ibus predictas xx li. dicto secundo die Ianuarii anno 
 xxviii 0 , modo qug ipsi collectores allegarunt, asserentes 
 ipsi Gerardus et Iohannes habere in partibus suis fac¬ 
 tum ipsarum villatarum de concessione facta eisdem 
 Gerardo et Iohanni ac predictis Galfrido, Alano et Ri¬ 
 cardo de eisdem xx li. Et habita deliberacione inde, 
 quia predicti fines et excessus operariorum etc. concessi 
 fuerunt communitati dicti comitatus in auxilium solu- 
 cionis xv e et x e predictarum currentibus ipsis xv a et x a 
 et terminus 1 solucionis ipsarum xv e et x e finiebatur et 
 cessabat ad festum Sancti Michaelis proximum ante 
 dictum secundum diem Ianuarii anno xxviii 0 , sicut con- 
 tinetur in rotulo de taxacionibus et in Memorandis de 
 anno xxvi to inter Recorda de termino Sancte Trinitatis 
 ex parte rememoratoris Regis et dicti collectores nichil 
 ostendunt per quod liquere potest curie dictas villatas 
 recepisse de ipsis collectoribus predictas xx li., ita quod 
 eedem villate nichil aliud habuerunt inde tempore dicte 
 concessionis per ipsas villatas inde facte nisi accionem 
 petendi fines et excessus predictos, accioque aliena alicui 
 dari vel vendi non potest, consideratum est quod pre¬ 
 dicti collectores exonerentur versus Regem de predictis 
 xx li. et quod predicti Gerardus et Iohannes de Hame- 
 xx li. den pro se et dictis sociis suis de eisdem xx li. one- 
 In ex- rentur pretextu cognicionis sue predicte et aliorum pre- 
 tractis. missorum quatenus sufficientes fuerint ad solucionem 
 
 1 MS. terminis. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 305 * 
 
 etc.; alioquin dicti collectores respondent vna etc. Et 
 Finis pro dicta falsa responsione dicti collectores fecerunt 
 xl s. finem cum Rege per xl s. Ad quos soluendos datus est 
 In ex- eis dies in crastino Sancti Michaelis. Et preceptum 
 tractis. est vicecomiti Buk’ quod de terris et catallis predic- 
 torum Gerardi et Iohannis de Hameden fieri faciat, ita 
 etc. in crastino Sancti Michaelis. 
 
 Ante quem diem, videlicet, x die Iulii hoc anno, pre- 
 dictus Galfridus de Lucy, inuentus hie in curia et super 
 recepcione predictarum xx li. de finibus operariorum 
 etc. allocutus, cognoscit se vna cum prefatis Gerardo, 
 Iohanne de Hameden, Alano Carbonel et Ricardo de 
 Arches recepisse de prefatis collectoribus predictas xx 
 li. supradicto secundo die Ianuarii anno xxviii 0 modo 
 quo dicti Gerardus et Iohannes de Hameden superius 
 cognouerunt. Ideo consideratum est quod idem Gal¬ 
 fridus oneretur versus Regem simul cum eisdem Ger¬ 
 ardo et Iohanne de Hameden de eisdem xx li., pretextu 
 cognicionis ipsius Galfridi supradicte. Et preceptum 
 est vicecomiti Buk’ quod fieri faciat easdem xx li. tarn 
 de eodem Galfrido quam de predictis Gerardo et Io¬ 
 hanne, ita etc. ad dictum crastinum Sancti Michaelis. 
 
 (Cf. Mem. L. T. R., 32, Mich., Status et visus com- 
 potorum; rot. 4; Bedf. and Bucks. 
 
 Facto visu compoti Iohannis de Hampden, vice- 
 comitis, de vltimo dimidio anno xxxi 0 oneratur per 
 curiam de . . . et debet xx li. de precio catallorum 
 Gerardi de Braybrok, Iohannis de Hameden et Galfridi 
 de Lucy per ipsum vicecomitem captorum in manum 
 Regis pro tot denariis quos ipsi Gerardus, Iohannes et 
 Galfridus receperunt de Thoma de Reynes et sociis 
 suis . . . , 1 
 
 ^he sheriff was therefore levying a portion of this money on him¬ 
 self; cf . pt. 1, ch. i, s. 7. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 306 * 
 
 Memoranda Roll, L. T. R., no. 122. 
 
 Adhuc Communia de termino Sancte Trinitatis anno 
 xxxi 0 Regis Edwardi tercii. Adhuc Recorda, rot. 5. 
 
 Ebor Westrithyng. De Iohanne de Rotherfeld et 
 Willelmo de Beston collectoribus tercii anni solucionis 
 xv e et x e commissis prisone pro falso compoto. 
 
 Iohannes de Bukyngham, nuper thesaurarius garde— 
 robe Regis, alias, videlicet, xv die Marcii anno xxx° 
 Regis nunc, liberauit thesaurario et baronibus hie quan- 
 dam billam quam dicit porrectam fuisse domino Regi, 
 et ipsum Regem per manus suas proprias earn sibi 
 liberasse deferendam ad scaccarium hie precepisseque 
 execucionem fieri super contends in eadem billa que 
 est inter billas et peticiones de termino Sancti Hillarii 
 dicto anno xxx°. Et in qua billa inter cetera continetur 
 quod Ricardus de Goldesburgh, Iohannes de Rother¬ 
 feld et Willelmus de Beston qui fuerunt collectores xv e 
 et x e triennalium Regi a laicis anno xxv t0 concessarum 
 in partibus de Westrithyng in comitatu Ebor’, vide¬ 
 licet, de tercio anno solucionis earundem, integre re- 
 ceperunt excessus operariorum in partibus illis et inde 
 computarunt ad scaccarium quod soluerunt villatis par- 
 cium illarum excessus illos in auxilium solucionis xv® 
 et x e predictarum vbi nullum denarium inde eis sol¬ 
 uerunt, prout apporcionacio inde facta fuit per iusticia- 
 rios etc. et sic excessus ille adhuc remanet in manibus 
 ipsorum collectorum dictis villatis inde nondum satis- 
 facto. 
 
 Pretextu cuius bille factum est scrutinium etc. et 
 compertum est in rotulo compotorum de taxacionibus, 
 in compoto, videlicet, Ricardi de Goldesburgh, lohannis 
 de Rotherfeld et Willelmi de Beston nuper collectorum 
 xv e et x e predictarum de tercio, videlicet, anno solucio¬ 
 nis earundem, quod ipsi collectores onerarunt se et re- 
 sponderunt infra summas oneris sui de eisdem xv a et x a 
 de xlv li. xvii s. xi d. q a . de finibus, exitibus et amer- 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 30 7 * 
 
 ciamentis et excessubus operariorum, seruientum et 
 artificum etc. 
 
 Compertum est eciam in Memorandis de anno xxix 0 
 Regis nunc inter Visus compotorum de termino Sancti 
 Hillarii quod dicti tres collectores venerunt hie ad quin- 
 denam Pasche eodem anno xxix° et computarunt de 
 predictis finibus operariorum etc.; qui quidem com- 
 potus remanet in custodia huius rememoratoris inter 
 particulas dicti compoti et in quo compoto continetur 
 
 XX 
 
 quod ipsi collectores onerarunt se de iiii iiii li. iiii s. 
 vii d. q a . receptis de huiusmodi finibus etc. et quod inde 
 computarunt se soluisse Willelmo de Fyncheden, Wil- 
 lelmo de Mirifeld et Iohanni de Northland, iusticiariis 
 ad excessus dictorum operariorum etc. puniendos assig- 
 natis, xxxviii li. viii d. proporcionaliter pro feodis suis 
 et quod residui xlv li. xvii s. xi d. q a . distribuuntur 
 inter villatas et hameletta de Westrithyng per visum 
 dictorum iusticiariorum per ipsos collectores et per xii 
 probos homines de comitatu predicto iuratos, in auxil- 
 ium dictarum xv et x vbi maius necesse erat; de qua 
 distribucione ipsi collectores non ostenderunt acquietan- 
 cias siue indenturas villatarum vel hamelettorum. 
 
 Quibus compertis, quia per naturam compoti quelibet 
 solucio denariorum fieri debet de iure per acquietancias 
 vel per indenturas super huiusmodi compotis liberandas 
 et allocandas, et dicta solucio siue distribucio de pre¬ 
 dictis xlv li. xvii s. xi d. q a . fit sine huiusmodi acqui- 
 etanciis vel indenturis, vt apparet per premissa, suspi- 
 catur quod dicti collectores non soluerunt dictis villatis 
 et hamelettis eosdem xlv li. xvii s. xi d. q a ., modo quo 
 computarunt etc., per quod et pro eo quod dicti duo 
 collectores, videlicet, Iohannes de Rotherfeld et Wil- 
 lelmus de Beston pluries districti et manucapti veniendi 
 hie ad plures dies preteritos ad recitandum compotum 
 suum de finibus predictis etc. et per huiusmodi distric- 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 cionem et manucapcionem se iusticiari non curauerant, 
 preceptum fuit vicecomiti dicti comitatus quod attach- 
 iaret ipsos Iohannem et Willelmum per corpora eorum 
 etc., ita quod eos haberet hie modo in crastino Sancti 
 Iohannis Baptiste ad audiendum iudicium etc. et ad 
 recitandum dictum compotum etc., et quod interim 
 caperet in manum Regis terras et catalla ipsorum 
 duorum collectorum nomine districcionis. Pro eo eciam 
 qupd dictus vicecomes alias retornauerat quod predictus 
 Ricardus de Goldesburgh nichil habet etc., preceptum 
 fuit vicecomiti quod caperet ipsum Ricardum, ita etc., 
 ad dictum crastinum ad recitandum dictum compotum, 
 vna etc. 
 
 Et ad diem ilium vicecomes retornauit quod predicti 
 tres collectores non sunt inuenti etc. et quod cepit in 
 manum Regis terras et catalla ipsorum Iohannis et 
 Willelmi quorum terrarum et catallorum valor patet in 
 eodem returno; et iidem Johannes et Willelmus vene- 
 runt et predictus Ricardus non venit et dicti Iohannes 
 et Willelmus super premissis allocuti dicunt quod de 
 predictis xlv li. xvii s. xi d. q a . distribuerunt per 
 superuisum dictorum iusticiariorum diuersis villatis de 
 Westrithyng lxxi s. tan turn; de qua distribucione dicunt 
 se non cepisse aliquas acquietancias vel indenturas de 
 villatis quibus distribucio ilia fiebat preterquam de xv s. 
 tantum, vnde ostendunt tres indenturas que sunt inter 
 billas de hoc termino, set dicunt sub periculo quod 
 etc. quod iidem lxxi s. fideliter distribuuntur iuxta 
 formam ordinacionis predicte absque eo quod iidem 
 lxxi s., vel aliqua pars inde, remanent penes ipsos 
 Iohannem et Willelmum vel eorum alterum, et hoc 
 pretendunt verificare. 
 
 Dicunt eciam quod xxii li. xvii s. ii d. de summa pre¬ 
 dicta adhuc remanent penes dictum Ricardum de 
 Goldesburgh nondum distributi absque eo quod iidem 
 xxii li. xvii s. ii d. vel quicquam inde aliqualiter deuenit 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 309* 
 
 ad manus ipsorum Iohannis et Willelmi vel alterius 
 eorum. Cognoscunt vlterius ipsi Iohannes et Willel- 
 mus quod adhuc habent in custodia sua residuum dicte 
 maioris summe, videlicet, xix li. ix s. ix d. q a . nondum 
 distributes iuxta ordinacionem predictam. Vnde sub- 
 mittunt se gracie Regis, asserentes se habere in promtu 
 eosdem xix li. ix s. ix d. q a . soluendos domino Regi 
 vel alibi iuxta ordinacionem curie. 
 
 Quibus visis et intellects, quia dicti Iohannes et Wil- 
 lelmus tempore quo admissi fuerunt ad dictum com- 
 potum reddendum prestiterunt sacramentum de fideliter 
 computando et de petendo nullam allocacionem nisi 
 bonam et veram in premissis ipsique Iohannes et Wil- 
 lelmus simul cum dicto Ricardo de Goldesburgh peci- 
 erunt et admiserunt super eundem compotum alloca¬ 
 cionem de predictis xlv li. xvii s. xi d. q a . integris quos 
 asserebant se tunc distribuisse quamquam nisi lxxi s. 
 inde distribuissent prout iam cognoscunt, retinendo 
 penes se residuum, videlicet, xlii li. vi s. xi d. q a . non 
 distributes, contra debitum sacramenti sui et in depau- 
 peracionem villatarum predictarum ac contra formam 
 statuti inde et in decepcionem curie etc.; consideratum 
 est quod iidem Iohannes et Willelmus pro falsitate pre- 
 Flete 1 dicta adeant prisonam et quod dictus Ricardus capiatur, 
 tamque idem Ricardus quam dicti Iohannes et Willel- 
 xlii li. mus onerentur versus Regem de predictis xlii li. vi s. 
 vi s. xi d. q a . pretextu premissorum. Et super hoc predicti 
 xi d. q a . Iohannes et Willelmus committuntur prisone de Flete, 
 moraturi quousque etc. 
 
 Et preceptum est vicecomiti quod capiat dictum Ri- 
 cardum de Goldesburgh, ita etc. in crastino Sancti 
 Michaelis. 
 
 Ante quern diem, videlicet, xxviii 0 die Iunii hoc ter- 
 mino, venerunt hie coram baronibus Elyas de Byrton, 
 Iohannes de Drouefeld, Willelmus de Fincheden et 
 
 Crossed through in MS. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 310 * 
 
 Thomas de Podeseye, omnes de predicto comitatu Ebor’ 
 et manuceperunt, quilibet videlicet eorum, corpus pro 
 corpore habere corpora predictorum Iohannis de 
 Rotherfeld et Willelmi de Beston coram baronibus hie 
 de die in diem durante hoc termino Sancte Trinitatis 
 ad satisfaciendum Regi de predictis xlii li. vi s. xi d. q a . 
 et ad faciendum finem cum Rege pro falsitate predicta 
 ac ad recipiendum 1 quod curia consideret de predictis 
 lxxi s. Et pretextu manucapcionis predicte, dicti duo 
 collectores interim deliberantur a prisona predicta. 
 
 Postea dicti collectores soluerunt predictos xlii li. 
 vi s. xi d . 2 per duas tallias leuatas xxvii die Iunii hoc 
 anno quas ostenderunt. Et postmodum, videlicet, primo 
 die Iulii hoc termino, predicti Iohannes de Rotherfeld 
 et Willelmus de Beston fecerunt finem cum Rege pro 
 transgressione predicta per xx li., salua eis accione 
 versus dictum Ricardum inde si que etc. et eo minus 
 quia dicti xlii li. vi s. xi d. q a . tempore quo ipsi collec¬ 
 tores eos leuauerant et receperant non pertinuerunt ad 
 Regem, set ad villatas dictarum parcium de West- 
 rithyng quibus concessi erant per Regem in auxilium 
 solucionis xv e et x e triennalium Regi a laicis conces- 
 sarum anno xxv t0 concurrentibus eisdem xv a et x a ; 
 que quidem villate habent accionem in euentu petendi a 
 dictis collectoribus dampna sua pro detencione denar- 
 iorum illorum hucusque, et qui quidem denarii pro eo 
 quod dicte xv a et x a adiu est cessabant et solucio inde 
 tempore debito facta non fuerat, pertinent ad Regem, 
 sicut continetur in statuto inde edito dicto anno xxv t0 . 3 
 
 Et datus est dies predictis Iohanni de Rotherfeld et 
 Willelmo de Beston hie die Martis proximo post octa- 
 bas Sancti Iohannis Baptiste per manucapcionem pre¬ 
 dictorum Willelmi de Fyncheden et Elie de Birton, qui 
 presentes manuceperunt habere corpora ipsorum Iohan- 
 
 1 MS. ac receperint. 3 MS. omits the farthing this time. 
 
 1 App., 16. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 3H * 
 
 nis et Willelmi vnacum predictis xx li. hie ad dictum 
 diem Martis, alioquin ipsi manucaptores onerentur 
 siinul cum ipsis collectoribus de eisdem xx li. Et 
 quoad predictos lxxi s. de finibus etc. quos dicti collec- 
 tores dicunt se distribuisse et vnde iidem collectores 
 liberarunt curie tres partes indenturarum continentes 
 xv s. tantum, sicut supra continetur, receptos de ipsis 
 collectoribus, videlicet, per villatam de Shelf vi s. vi d., 
 villatam de Wodestun xl d. et villatam de Queldale v s. 
 de finibus predictis, asserentes ipsi collectores se dis¬ 
 tribuisse et liberasse residuos lvi s. villatis sequentibus 
 particulariter, videlicet, villate de Beston iiii s., villate 
 de Brightlynton v s., villate de Podeseye v s., villate 
 de Hundesworth iiii s., villate de Rauclif x s., villate 
 de Batelaye iiii s., villate de Morleye x s., villate de 
 Sutton x s. et villate de Birton iiii s.; datus est dies 
 eisdem Iohanni de Rotherfeld et Willelmo de Beston 
 hie a die Sancti Michaelis in xv dies ad ostendendum 
 indenturas ipsarum villatarum testificantes quod recep- 
 erunt de eisdem collectoribus particulariter predictos 
 lvi s. per manucapcionem Elie de Birton, Iohannis de 
 Holand, Thome de Podeseye et Hugonis de Wombewell 
 de comitatu Ebor’; qui presentes manuceperunt pro 
 predictis duobus collectoribus quod ipsi liberabunt hie 
 ad dictam quindenam acquietancias siue indenturas vil¬ 
 latarum predictarum de predictis lvi s., alioquin ipsi 
 manucaptores teneantur Regi simul cum dictis duobus 
 collectoribus in eisdem lvi s. tunc Regi soluendis. Et 
 quoad predictas xx li. predicti collectores venerunt hie 
 ad dictum diem Martis proximum post octabas Sancti 
 Iohannis Baptiste et non soluerunt easdem xx li.; set 
 eadem summa assignatur Nicholao Maryns et tallia 
 inde leuatur sub nominibus ipsorum collectorum quinto 
 die Iulii hoc anno, quam talliam dictus Nicholaus osten- 
 dit et de cuius assensu datus est dies dictis collectoribus 
 hie in festo Natiuitatis beate Marie ad soluendum eidem 
 
312 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 * 
 
 Nicholao predictas xx li. quem diem dicti collectores 
 admiserunt sub periculo quod etc. et per manucap- 
 cionem predictorum Willelmi de Fyncheden et Elie de 
 Birton. 
 
 Postea predicti collectores soluerunt predictas xx li. 
 et 'inde Hugo de Appleby dictam talliam ex parte dic- 
 torum collectorum ostendit. Et ad dictam quindenam 
 Sancti Michaelis predicti Iohannes de Rotherfeld et 
 Willelmus de Beston, collectores, venerunt et liberarunt 
 curie hie ix acquietancias continentes lvi s. et dicunt 
 per sacramentum suum se bene et fideliter distribuisse 
 et liberasse eosdem ivi s. particulariter villatis in dictis 
 acquietanciis contentis prout eedem acquietancie testan- 
 tur, que quidem acquietancie sunt in baga de particulis 
 compoti dictorum collectorum de finibus operariorum 
 supradictorum. Ideo tarn ipsi collectores quam predicti 
 manucaptores sui recedant inde quieti, nisi aliud etc. 
 
 4. Accounts of Collectors of the Triennial of 1352. 1 ( Cf . pt. 
 
 1, ch. iii, 1, B, especially c.) 
 
 A table of figures taken from Enrolled Subsidies. 
 
 Extracts from Accounts, K. R., Enrolled Subsidies and 
 
 Lay Subsidies. 
 
 INTRODUCTORY NOTE. 
 
 Enrolled accounts, known as Enrolled Subsidies; a complete 
 series giving the date of the collections, the names of the col¬ 
 lectors, and the totals of the tax as well as the totals of the 
 penalties for each county. 
 
 Original accounts, known as Lay Subsidies; by no means a 
 complete series; but each account in existence gives full details 
 of both tax and penalties, district by district within the county. 
 
 Manuscript list called “Descriptive Slips;” attempts to give 
 the date and a brief summary of the nature of the account. 
 
 Ht has been pointed out in pt. i, ch. iii, s. 1, A., that the accounts of 
 the collectors of the grant of 1348 contain no reference to the penalties. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 313 * 
 
 Hunter’s Inventories, printed in R. D. K., ii, app. ii, 165- 
 167, iii, app. ii, 99, show some instances for the grant of 1352 
 where the penalties under the statutes of labourers are noted 
 as “allowances,” and the “Descriptive Slips” show more such 
 instances; but an exhaustive examination of this whole series 
 revealed many more occasions where the penalties are recorded 
 in the accounts, or at least referred to, than is indicated either 
 by Hunter or by the “ Descriptive Slips.” Further, in many 
 cases where the heading of the original account is torn away 
 and the date and the names of the collectors thus destroyed, 
 the makers of the “ Descriptive Slips ” have been able to 
 assign the account to a given subsidy only by the nature of the 
 grant or by the character of the handwriting. It is possible, 
 however, by noting references to the application of penalties 
 and by a comparison with the totals of penalties given in En¬ 
 rolled Subsidies to date the account with absolute correctness. 
 This series also includes many subsidiary documents, such as 
 writs and receipts for the payment of justices’ wages, as well 
 as memoranda of the apportionment of the penalties. 
 
 There have been references by various modern writers to the 
 disposition of the penalties; 1 but, except by Hunter, these ac¬ 
 counts do not seem to have been thoroughly examined until 
 Mr. J. F. Willard, while working on methods of taxation in 
 the fourteenth century, went through this whole series some 
 months before I reached London. He had himself intended to 
 print some of these accounts, but with great generosity he has 
 allowed me to use them instead, and has lent me his figures 
 with which to check mine. 
 
 In the following pages I give a table, based on Enrolled 
 Subsidies, 14, of the totals of both tax and penalties, county 
 by county, supplemented by information from Lay Subsidies. 
 I also print a series of extracts from all the original accounts 
 in Lay Subsidies and in Accounts, Exchequer, K. R., where a 
 detailed comparison of the tax and penalties district by dis- 
 
 ^asquet, Great Pestilence, quoted pt. 1, ch. iii, s. 1, B, a and b; 
 Powell, East Anglia Rising, 2; Stubbs, Const. Hist., ii, 434. 
 
314 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 * 
 
 trict within the county can be made—in 28 instances out of a 
 possible 135. The asterisk indicates those accounts that appear 
 in the “ Descriptive Slips ” as of uncertain date, and that I 
 have been able to date with absolute certainty—six in all. To 
 these must be added two others which are not represented in 
 my extracts: 158/21, Northumberland, is assigned by “De¬ 
 scriptive Slips ” to the 3rd collection of the grant of the 22nd 
 year, but the familiar formula of “ no estreats of penalties 
 under the statutes of labourers,” added at the end, proves 
 conclusively that it is the grant of the 25th year; 211/25, 
 York, N. R. is assigned to the 2nd collection of the grant of 
 the 25th year by character only; a similar formula at the end 
 puts the matter beyond doubt. 
 
 In printing these extracts I give the full heading of the first 
 tax printed, that for Bedford, and after that only the names 
 of the collectors, unless, as sometimes happens, the phraseology 
 of the heading differs from that usually found; I print the tax 
 first in each case and the apportionment second, even when 
 this is not the original sequence. The references, unless other¬ 
 wise specified, are to Lay Subsidies; the Roman numerals refer 
 merely to the order in my list. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 3x5 * 
 
 A table of figures taken from Enrolled Subsidies, 14. 
 
 Triennial Grant of 1352. 25 Edw. III. 
 
 
 Collec- 
 
 
 Tax. 
 
 
 
 Penalties. 
 
 
 
 tion. 
 
 1. 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 ob. 
 
 q. 
 
 1 . 
 
 s. 
 
 d. ob. 
 
 q. 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 674 
 
 1 7 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 1 
 
 82 
 
 16 
 
 7 0 
 
 0 
 
 Bedford 
 
 
 2 
 
 674 
 
 1 7 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 1 
 
 10 
 
 2 
 
 9 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 674 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 1 
 
 68 
 
 5 
 
 0 1 
 
 0 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 2024 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 161 
 
 4 
 
 4 1 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1036 
 
 3 
 
 9 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 362 
 
 16 
 
 4 0 
 
 0 
 
 Berks. 
 
 
 
 1036 
 
 3 
 
 9 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 300 
 
 13 
 
 10 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 1036 
 
 3 
 
 9 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 99 
 
 0 
 
 12 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 3108 
 
 11 
 
 3 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 762 
 
 n 
 
 2 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 688 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 344 
 
 2 
 
 8 0 
 
 0 
 
 Bucks. 
 
 
 2 
 
 688 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 Apportionment not 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 688 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 made by justices. 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 2064 
 
 16 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 344 
 
 2 
 
 8 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 ion 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 307 
 
 11 
 
 6 0 
 
 0 
 
 Cambridge 
 
 
 2 
 
 ion 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 No estreats. 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 ion 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 103 
 
 6 
 
 3 1 
 
 0 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 3034 
 
 n 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 410 
 
 1 7 
 
 9 1 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 478 
 
 17 
 
 9 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 No estreats. 
 
 
 Cornwall 
 
 
 2 
 
 478 
 
 1 7 
 
 9 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 89 
 
 0 
 
 5 1 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 478 
 
 1 7 
 
 9 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 No estreats. 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 1436 
 
 13 
 
 3 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 89 
 
 0 
 
 5 1 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 249 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 1 
 
 No sessions. 
 
 
 Cumberland 
 
 2 
 
 249 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 1 
 
 No estreats. 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 249 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 1 
 
 72 
 
 6 
 
 9 1 
 
 0 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 747 
 
 13 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 72 
 
 6 
 
 9 1 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 47 i 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 1 
 
 No estreats. 
 
 
 Derby 
 
 
 2 
 
 47 i 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 1 
 
 61 
 
 14 
 
 11 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 47 i 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 1 
 
 Penalties only enough 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 for justices’ 
 
 wages, 
 
 » 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 1413 
 
 10 
 
 0 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 61 
 
 14 
 
 11 0 
 
 0 
 
316 * APPENDIX 
 
 Triennial Grant of 1352.— Continued. 
 
 Collec- Tax. Penalties. 
 
 
 tion. 
 
 1. 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 ob. 
 
 q- 
 
 1 . 
 
 s. d. ob. 
 
 q. 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 953 
 
 15 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 No estreats. 
 
 
 Devon 
 
 
 2 
 
 953 
 
 15 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 140 
 
 13 10 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ji. 
 
 Unable to levy penalties. 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 953 
 
 15 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 °u 
 
 No estreats. 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 2861 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 140 
 
 13 10 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 851 
 
 9 
 
 0 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 No estreats. 
 
 
 Dorset 
 
 
 2 
 
 851 
 
 9 
 
 0 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 11 
 
 0 14 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 851 
 
 9 
 
 0 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 141 
 
 14 0 0 
 
 1 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 2554 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 152 
 
 15 2 0 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1234 
 
 14 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 1 
 
 675 
 
 11 00 
 
 0 
 
 Essex 
 
 
 2 
 
 1234 
 
 14 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 1 
 
 56 
 
 14 11 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 1234 
 
 14 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 1 
 
 222 
 
 14 1 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 3704 
 
 3 
 
 9 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 955 
 
 000 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1642 
 
 0 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 No estreats. 
 
 
 Gloucester 
 
 
 2 
 
 1642 
 
 0 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 Excuse illegible. 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 1642 
 
 0 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 101 
 
 15 7 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 4926 
 
 1 
 
 9 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 101 
 
 15 7 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 437 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 No estreats. 
 
 
 Hereford 
 
 
 2 
 
 437 
 
 5 
 
 11 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 5 i 
 
 900 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 437 
 
 5 
 
 11 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 No 
 
 estreats. 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 1311 
 
 1 7 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 5 i 
 
 900 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 610 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 138 
 
 420 
 
 0 
 
 Herts. 
 
 
 2 
 
 610 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 12 
 
 1 11 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 610 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 . 1 
 
 1 
 
 50 
 
 10 2 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 1830 
 
 10 
 
 8 
 
 0 
 
 1 
 
 200 
 
 16 3 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 444 
 
 7 
 
 10 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 Hunts. 
 
 
 2 
 
 444 
 
 7 
 
 10 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 Delay granted. 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 444 
 
 7 
 
 # 
 
 10 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 43 
 
 500 
 
 0 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 1333 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 0 
 
 1 
 
 43 
 
 500 
 
 0 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 317 * 
 
 Triennial Grant of 1352.— Continued. 
 
 Collec- Tax. Penalties. 
 
 
 tion. 
 
 1. 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 ob. q. 
 
 1. 
 
 s. d. ob. 
 
 q- 
 
 
 1 
 
 153 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 0 0 
 
 
 
 
 Isle of Wight 
 
 2 
 
 153 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 0 0 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 153 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 0 0 
 
 8 
 
 12 0 0 
 
 0 
 
 Total 
 
 
 459 
 
 6 
 
 9 
 
 0 0 
 
 8 
 
 12 0 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 1 
 
 1927 
 
 6 
 
 11 
 
 1 0 
 
 133 
 
 680 
 
 0 
 
 Kent 
 
 2 
 
 1927 
 
 6 
 
 11 
 
 1 0 
 
 58 
 
 12 3 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 3 
 
 1927 
 
 6 
 
 11 
 
 1 0 
 
 II 
 
 19 11 0 
 
 0 
 
 Total 
 
 
 5782 
 
 0 
 
 10 
 
 1 0 
 
 203 
 
 18 10 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 377 
 
 9 
 
 5 
 
 1 0 
 
 
 
 
 Lancaster 
 
 2 
 
 377 
 
 9 
 
 5 
 
 1 0 
 
 No estreats. 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 377 
 
 9 
 
 5 
 
 1 0 
 
 *203 
 
 14 11 0 
 
 0 
 
 Total 
 
 
 1132 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 1 0 
 
 203 
 
 14 11 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 * 
 
 For three 
 
 years. 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 757 
 
 12 
 
 10 
 
 I 0 
 
 No estreats. 
 
 
 Leicester 
 
 2 
 
 757 
 
 12 
 
 10 
 
 I 0 
 
 47 
 
 241 
 
 0 
 
 
 3 
 
 757 
 
 12 
 
 10 
 
 I 0 
 
 156 
 
 0 12 0 
 
 0 
 
 Total 
 
 
 2272 
 
 l8 
 
 7 
 
 I 0 
 
 203 
 
 3 4 1 
 
 0 
 
 
 1 
 
 665 
 
 II 
 
 8 
 
 0 0 
 
 No estreats. 
 
 
 Lincoln, H. 
 
 2 
 
 665 
 
 II 
 
 8 
 
 0 0 
 
 62 
 
 880 
 
 0 
 
 
 3 
 
 665 
 
 II 
 
 8 
 
 0 0 
 
 Penalties not even enough 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 for justices’ wages. 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 1996 
 
 15 
 
 0 
 
 0 0 
 
 62 
 
 880 
 
 0 
 
 
 1 
 
 953 
 
 9 
 
 4 
 
 0 0 
 
 No estreats. 
 
 
 Lincoln, K. 
 
 2 
 
 953 
 
 9 
 
 4 
 
 0 0 
 
 28 
 
 11 10 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 3 
 
 953 
 
 9 
 
 4 
 
 0 0 
 
 105 
 
 J9 11 1 
 
 0 
 
 Total 
 
 
 2860 
 
 8 
 
 0 
 
 0 0 
 
 134 
 
 11 9 1 
 
 0 
 
 
 1 
 
 1526 
 
 2 
 
 11 
 
 I 0 
 
 
 
 
 Lincoln, L. 
 
 2 
 
 1526 
 
 2 
 
 11 
 
 I 0 
 
 No estreats. 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 1526 
 
 2 
 
 11 
 
 I 0 
 
 569 
 
 14 9 0 
 
 0 
 
 4578 8 10 1 0 569 14 9 o 0 
 
 Total 
 
318 * appendix 
 
 Triennial Grant of 1352. — Continued. 
 
 
 Collec 
 
 
 Tax. 
 
 
 
 Penalties. 
 
 
 
 tion. 
 
 1. 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 ob. 
 
 q - 
 
 1 . 
 
 s. 
 
 d. ob. 
 
 q . 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 733 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 
 
 London 
 
 
 2 
 
 733 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 733 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 No estreats. 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 2200 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 341 
 
 19 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 1 
 
 146 
 
 4 
 
 10 0 
 
 0 
 
 Middlesex 
 
 
 2 
 
 341 
 
 19 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 1 
 
 11 
 
 9 
 
 6 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 341 
 
 19 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 11 1 
 
 0 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 1025 
 
 18 
 
 9 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 159 
 
 17 
 
 3 1 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 133 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 
 
 Newcastle on Tyne 
 
 2 
 
 133 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 133 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 13 
 
 7 
 
 0 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 400 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 13 
 
 7 
 
 0 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 3485 
 
 16 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 206 
 
 2 
 
 11 0 
 
 0 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 
 2 
 
 3485 
 
 16 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 40 
 
 9 
 
 9 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 3485 
 
 16 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 162 
 
 4 
 
 3 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 Total 
 
 10 457 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 408 
 
 16 
 
 11 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1161 
 
 0 
 
 6 
 
 0 
 
 1 
 
 No estreats. 
 
 
 Northants. 
 
 
 2 
 
 1161 
 
 0 
 
 6 
 
 0 
 
 1 
 
 No estreats. 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 1161 
 
 0 
 
 6 
 
 0 
 
 1 
 
 38 
 
 14 
 
 5 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 3483 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 38 
 
 14 
 
 5 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 333 
 
 10 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 No estreats. 
 
 
 Northumberland 
 
 2 
 
 333 
 
 10 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 No estreats. 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 333 
 
 10 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 No estreats. 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 1000 
 
 11 
 
 10 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 706 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 0 
 
 1 
 
 No estreats. 
 
 
 Notts. 
 
 
 2 
 
 706 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 0 
 
 1 
 
 Promise to account 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 next year. 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 706 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 0 
 
 1 
 
 42 
 
 6 
 
 9 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 2118 
 
 6 
 
 9 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 42 
 
 6 
 
 9 0 
 
 0 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 319 * 
 
 Triennial Grant of 1352.— Continued. 
 
 Collec- Tax. Penalties. 
 
 * 
 
 tion. 
 
 1 . 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 ob. 
 
 q* 
 
 1. s. d. ob. 
 
 q. 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1403 
 
 8 
 
 6 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 242 1130 
 
 0 
 
 Oxford 
 
 
 2 
 
 1403 
 
 8 
 
 6 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 91 380 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 1403 
 
 8 
 
 6 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 80 940 
 
 0 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 4210 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 414 4 3 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 215 
 
 18 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 No estreats. 
 
 
 Rutland 
 
 
 2 
 
 215 
 
 18 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 No estreats. 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 215 
 
 18 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 Penalties only enough 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 for justices’ wages 
 
 • 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 647 
 
 15 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 644 
 
 12 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 1 
 
 No estreats. 
 
 
 Shropshire 
 
 
 2 
 
 644 
 
 12 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 1 
 
 No estreats. 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 644 
 
 12 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 1 
 
 No estreats. 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 1933 
 
 16 
 
 0 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1357 
 
 19 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 No estreats. 
 
 
 Somerset 
 
 
 2 
 
 1357 
 
 19 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 267 12 70 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 1357 
 
 19 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 135 4 3 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 4073 
 
 17 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 402 16 10 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1187 
 
 16 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 if 1 * 
 
 No estreats. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 2. 
 
 Hadnotleviedpenalties. 
 
 Southampton 
 
 2 
 
 1187 
 
 16 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 40 260 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 1187 
 
 16 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 No estreats. 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 3563 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 0 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 u ! 
 
 ON 1 
 
 0 1 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 575 
 
 18 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 146 10 2 0 
 
 0 
 
 Stafford 
 
 
 2 
 
 575 
 
 18 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 No estreats. 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 575 
 
 18 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 No estreats. 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 1727 
 
 14 
 
 11 
 
 0 
 
 1 
 
 146 10 2 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1439 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 No estreats. 
 
 
 Suffolk 
 
 
 2 
 
 T439 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 22 340 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 1439 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 125 2 10 1 
 
 I 
 
 4317 15 2 0 1 147 6211 
 
 Total 
 
320 * 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 Triennial Grant of 1352.— Continued. 
 
 Surrey 
 
 Collec¬ 
 tion 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 Total 
 
 Sussex 
 
 Warwick 
 
 Westmoreland 
 
 Total 
 
 Wilts. 
 
 Worcester 
 
 Total 
 
 York, E. R. 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 Total 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 Total 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 Total 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 Tax. 
 
 Penalties. 
 
 1. 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 ob. 
 
 q- 
 
 1. s. d. ob. 
 
 q. 
 
 584 
 
 5 
 
 9 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 Penalties not even enough 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 for justices’ wages. 
 
 
 584 
 
 5 
 
 9 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 No estreats. 
 
 
 584 
 
 5 
 
 9 
 
 1 
 
 I 
 
 9 630 
 
 0 
 
 1752 
 
 1 7 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 I 
 
 9 630 
 
 0 
 
 1104 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 No estreats. 
 
 
 1104 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 I 
 
 0 
 
 No estreats. 
 
 
 1104 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 I 
 
 0 
 
 No estreats. 
 
 
 3313 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 841 
 
 18 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 841 
 
 18 
 
 3 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 45 920 
 
 0 
 
 841 
 
 18 
 
 3 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 VO 
 
 O 
 
 1 O 
 
 1 M 
 
 1 O 
 
 0 
 
 2525 
 
 14 
 
 7 
 
 I 
 
 0 
 
 135 19 3 0 
 
 0 
 
 190 
 
 15 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 I 
 
 No estreats. 
 
 
 190 
 
 15 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 I 
 
 No estreats. 
 
 
 190 
 
 15 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 I 
 
 No estreats. 
 
 
 572 
 
 6 
 
 9 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 1595 
 
 13 
 
 7 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 No estreats. 
 
 
 1595 
 
 13 
 
 7 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 Excuse referred to 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 but not given. 
 
 
 1595 
 
 13 
 
 7 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 280 950 
 
 0 
 
 4787 
 
 0 
 
 11 
 
 0 
 
 I 
 
 280 950 
 
 0 
 
 502 
 
 17 
 
 10 
 
 I 
 
 0 
 
 Estreats delivered too late. 
 
 502 
 
 1 7 
 
 10 
 
 I 
 
 0 
 
 57 7 10 0 
 
 0 
 
 5C2 
 
 17 
 
 10 
 
 I 
 
 0 
 
 14 3 4 0 
 
 0 
 
 1508 
 
 13 
 
 7 
 
 I 
 
 0 
 
 O 
 
 0* 
 
 HH 
 
 W 
 
 0 
 
 1053 
 
 13 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 1053 
 
 13 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 44 15 10 0 
 
 0 
 
 1053 
 
 13 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 137 12 6 0 
 
 0 
 
 3160 
 
 19 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 182 840 
 
 0 
 
 Total 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 321 * 
 
 Triennial Grant of 1352.— Concluded . 
 
 Collec 
 
 
 Tax. 
 
 
 
 Penalties. 
 
 ▼ 
 
 tion. 
 
 1. 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 ob. 
 
 q- 
 
 1 . s. d. ob. q. 
 
 
 1 
 
 616 
 
 13 
 
 9 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 No estreats. 
 
 York, N. R. 
 
 2 
 
 616 
 
 13 
 
 9 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 No estreats. 
 
 
 3 
 
 617 
 
 13 
 
 9 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 15 13 700 
 
 Total 
 
 
 1851 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 IS 13 700 
 
 
 1 
 
 738 
 
 10 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 No estreats. 
 
 York, W. R. 
 
 2 
 
 738 
 
 10 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 258 4601 
 
 
 3 
 
 738 
 
 10 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 45 17 11 0 1 
 
 Total 
 
 
 2215 
 
 12 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 304 2510 
 
 
 1 
 
 162 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 City of York 
 
 2 
 
 162 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 162 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 No estreats. 
 
 Total 
 
 
 486 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total tax. 
 
 
 Total penalties. 1 
 
 
 
 1. 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 ob. 
 
 q. 
 
 1. s. d. ob. q. 
 
 
 114,767 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 7747 14 2 1 1 
 
 Tax for single year. 
 38,255 15 o 1 1 
 
 1 1 am indebted to Mr. J. E. G. Bryant for verifying the totals. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 322 * 
 
 Extracts from Accomits, K. RLay Subsidies and Enrolled 
 
 Subsidies. 
 
 I. Bedford. First collection. 
 
 71/25 
 
 Bed' Particule compoti Willelmi Mordaunt, Roberti Dy- 
 per, Simonis Loryng, et Iohannis Creuker, collec- 
 Tax torum xv me et x me triennalium Regi a laicis con- 
 
 cessarum anno xxv to in comitatu Bed’ de primo 
 anno solucionis earundem xv me et x me . 
 
 Hundredum de Bereford. 
 Villata de Eton 
 Villata de Wyboldeston 
 
 Hundredum de Clifton. 
 
 Villata de Shefford cum 
 
 Villata de Henlowe 
 Villata de Clifton 
 Villata de Mepershale 
 Villata de Stotfold 
 
 x li. xii s. 
 
 viii li. vii s. i d. ob. 
 
 Camelton 
 
 vn li. 111 s. 1111 d. 
 
 vi li. ix s. i d. 
 
 • •••«• ••• ••• -« « 
 1111 li. 111 s. vm d. ob. 
 
 c s. viii d. 
 
 vi li. xii s. x d. 
 
 71/28 
 
 Particule Willelmi Mordaunt [etc.] 1 ... in 
 comitatu Bed’ de denariis liberatis diuersis villatis 
 Appor- et burgis comitatus predicti in subuencionem xv e et 
 tionment x e de denariis prouenientibus de finibus, exitibus et 
 amerciamentis seruientium, operariorum et aliorum 
 artificum in comitatu predicto, videlicet, cuilibet ville 
 vt inferius. 
 
 De quibus computantes liberauerunt subcollector- 
 ibus villatarum subscriptarum per porciones iuxta 
 ordinacionem de communi consilio factam. 
 
 1 Names the same as in 71/25. 
 
DOCUMENTS , LISTS AND TABLES 323 * 
 
 Subcollectoribus de Shefford cum Camelton per in- 
 denturas 
 
 vt supra xvii s. vii d. ob. q a . 
 Subcollectoribus villate de Henlowe per indenturas 
 vt supra xvii s. i d. q a . 
 
 Subcollectoribus villate de Clifton per indenturas 
 vt supra x s. iii d. ob. 
 
 Subcollectoribus de Mepershal per indenturas 
 vt supra xii s. iiii d. ob. 
 
 Subcollectoribus de Stotfold per indenturas 
 vt supra xvi s. iii d. ob. 
 
 Subcollectoribus villate de Eton per indenturas 
 vt supra xxvi s. ob. 
 
 Subcollectoribus villate de Wybodeston per inden¬ 
 turas 
 
 vt supra xx s. vi d. 
 
 II. Berks. First collection. 
 
 XX 
 
 Apporcinacio de ccciiii vi li. iii s. denariorum emergencium 
 de excessubus et finibus seruientium, operariorum, victual- 
 ariorum, artificum, diuersarum villatarum comitatus Berk’ a xv 
 die Marcii anno regni Regis Edwardi tercii post conquestum 
 vicesimo quinto per vnum annum integrum, facta apud Wane- 
 tyng anno regni domini Regis nunc vicesimo sexto coram Ra- 
 dulfo de Grey et sociis suis iusticiariis ad statutum de seruien- 
 tibus, laborariis, victualariis et artificibus editum in comitatu 
 Berk’ 1 predicto conseruandum assignatis, per sacramentum 
 Willelmi Ninon et sociorum suorum collectorum decime et 
 quintedecime domino Regi a laicis in comitatu predicto conces- 
 sarum, et per sacramentum Ricardi Herebard, Thome Gereberd, 
 Roberti de Worth, Iohannis Southbury, Nicholai Payn, Ricardi 
 Persone, Walteri de Norton, Iohannis Dalron, Iohannis Crook, 
 Ingelrami Rossel, Willelmi Harewell, Alexandri Apsolon, Wil- 
 
 1 MS. Bek’. 
 
3 2 4 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 * 
 
 ielmi de Latton, Roberti de Malkeneye, Walteri de la Ryuere, 
 lohannis Marie, Willelmi Saunford, Philippi Rioth, Iohannis de 
 Buden, Henrici Kersy, Willelmi Baron, Willelmi Ward, Wil- 
 lelmi Rossel, Gilberti Vyel, Thome de Stok, Iohannis atte 
 Chaumbre, Radulfi de Tyle, Iohannis Fraunkeleyn, Roberti de 
 Schiplak et Gilberti de Benham de omnibus hundredis tocius 
 comitatus predicti per communitatem tocius comitatus predicti 
 ad hoc electorum et ordinatorum, et per auisamentum iusticia- 
 riorum predictorum; que quedam apporcinacio facta est modo 
 
 XX 
 
 subscripto, videlicet, de predictis ccciiii vi li. iii s. subtrahuntur 
 pro vadiis Radulfi de Grey, vnius iusticiarii, pro xl diebus 
 hoc anno xiii li. vi s. viii d. et pro vadiis Iohannis Loueday, 
 alterius iusticiarii, pro xl diebus eodem anno x li. Summa 
 xxiii li. vi s. viii d. et sic remanent de summa predicta ccclxii li. 
 xvi s. iiii d.; que quedam summa diuiditur in diuersis villatis 
 et hamelettis in comitatu predicto in alleuiacionem decime et 
 quintedecime predictarum in forma que sequitur, videlicet: 
 
 Hundredum de Farnden. 
 
 Farndon lx s. 
 
 Westbroke xxx s. 
 
 Langeford viii s. vi d. 
 
 Parua Farnden v s. viii d. ob. q a . 
 Schulton ix s. vi d. 
 
 Magna Kokeswell et Parua Kokeswell 
 
 xvi s. 
 
 Summa vi li. ix s. viii d. ob. q a . 
 
 ( Cf . with the tax for the same district given in 73/32 for 
 the second collection. 1 ) 
 
 (At end of roll:) 
 
 Rotulus de particulis denariorum liberatorum diuersis villatis 
 
 1 It is to be remembered that the amount of the tax with very few 
 and very slight exceptions remains the same. 
 
/ 
 
 DOCUMENTS , LISTS AND TABLES 325 * 
 
 et burgis in comitatu Bark’ per collectores xv e et x e predic- 
 tarum in comitatu predicto in subuencionem xv e et x e predic- 
 tarum. * 
 
 • •••••••• 
 
 ■Quia omnes villate et hamelette predicte ob defectum tenen¬ 
 dum et agriculture depauperantur et sic summa predicta de 
 ccclxii li. xvi s. iiii d. apporcionantur in villis et hamelettis 
 predictis secundum maius et minus prout eis indigebat secun¬ 
 dum quod tabs summa paupertati et necessitati earum exten- 
 dere potuit. 
 
 III. Berks. Second collection. 
 
 73/32. 
 
 Apporciacio de ccclxx li. xiii s. x d. denariorum emergen- 
 tium de excessibus, finibus et amerciamentis seruientium, 
 operariorum, victualariorum et artificum diuersarum villatarum 
 in comitatu Berk’ a xv e die Marcii anno regni Regis Edwardi 
 tercii post conquestum vicesimo sexto per vnum annum inte¬ 
 grum et ex tunc vsque festum Sancti Michaelis tunc proxime 
 sequens, facta coram Radulfo de Grey et sociis suis iusticiariis 
 ad statutum et ordinacionem de seruientibus, laborariis, victual- 
 ariis et artificibus edita in comitatu predicto conservanda 
 assignatis, per sacramentum Iohannis de Beckote, Ade atte 
 Wyke, Roberti Fynk, Willelmi Noroun, Ade atte Castel, Iohan¬ 
 nis Northern, Iohannis Marie, Iohannis de Latton, Nicholai de 
 la Croys, Walteri de la Ryuere, Roberti Arthur, Rogeri Loue- 
 kyn, Philippi Ryot, Iohannis de Buden, Edwardi Giffard, Ri- 
 cardi Bot, Iohannis Cleet, Iohannis de Somerford, Willelmi 
 Barfot, Ricardi Boton, Willelmi Baroun, Gilberti Benham, 
 Roberti Crokford, Iohannis Sonynghull et Roberti Sheplake de 
 omnibus hundredis tocius comitatus predicti per communitatem 
 tocius comitatus predicti ad hoc electorum et ordinatorum et 
 per sacramentum collectorum x e et xv e in comitatu predicto et 
 per auisamentum iusticiariorum predictorum; que quidem ap¬ 
 porciacio facta est modo subscripto, videlicet, de predictis ccclxx 
 li. xiii s. x d. subtrahuntur pro vadiis iusticiariorum per tempus 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 326 * 
 
 predictum lxx li. Et sic remanent de summa predicta ccc li. 
 
 xiii s. x d.; que quidem summa 
 
 diuiditur in diuersis villatis et 
 
 hamelettis in comitatu predicto 
 
 in aleuiacionem x e et xv e pre- 
 
 dictarum in forma que sequitur, videlicet: 
 
 Tax. 1 
 
 Hundredum de Farndon. 
 
 Farndon de x a et xv a 
 
 xv li. xi s. xi d. q a . 
 
 Westbrok 
 
 x li. xvi s. v d. 
 
 Inglesham 
 
 lxxiiii s. viii d. q a . 
 
 Lange ford 
 
 vii li. q a . 
 
 Parua Farndon 
 
 iiii li. xi s. ix d. ob. 
 
 Bernyngton 
 
 1111 li. 111 s. vm d. 
 
 • 
 
 Shulton 
 
 vi li. vii s. ix d. q a . 
 
 Magna Cokeswell 
 
 cvi s. ix d. 
 
 Parua Cokeswell 
 
 • • • < • •• • ■* 
 
 111 li. 11 s. vi d. 
 
 Summa lx li. xv s. vi d. ob. 
 
 • • • • 
 
 Hundredum de Slotesford. 
 
 • • • • • 
 
 Basteldene 
 
 vi li. xv s. ii d. ob. q. 
 
 Stretle 
 
 vi s. vi d. ob. q. 
 
 Molsford 
 
 iiii li. v s. xi d. ob. q. 
 
 Sottewell 
 
 lix s. ix d. ob. q. 
 
 Summa xix li, 
 
 . vii s. vii d. 
 
 • • • • 
 
 Apportionment. 
 
 • • • • • 
 
 Farendon. 
 
 Burgo de Farendon 
 
 xi li. 
 
 Westbroc 
 
 Inglesham 
 
 xxx s. 
 
 Langeford 
 
 XX s. 
 
 Parua Farendon 
 
 xxxiiii s. 
 
 Bernyngton 
 
 X s. 
 
 Shulton 
 
 xxx s. 
 
 1 No heading to the tax. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 Magna Cokeswell 
 Parua Cokeswell 
 
 Summa 
 
 xxxvi s. 
 XX s. 
 xx li. 
 
 Hundredum de Slotesford. 
 
 Bastilden 
 
 XXX s. 
 
 Stretle 
 
 XXX s. 
 
 Molesford 
 
 XX s. 
 
 Sottewell 
 
 XX s. 
 
 
 Summa v li. 
 
 327* 
 
 IV. Bucks. First collection. 
 
 77/18 
 
 Particule compoti Galfridi de Lucy, Gerardi de Braybrok, 
 militum, Iohannis de Hamden et sociorum suorum, collectorum 
 [etc.]. xx 
 
 Summa totalis dciiii viii li. v s. iiii d. Infra quas summas 
 continentur cccxliiii li. ii s. viii d. de finibus, exitibus et amer- 
 ciamentis leuatis per predictos collectores in comitatu predict© 
 seruientium, operariorum et aliorum artificum sicut continetur 
 in quodam rotulo huic rotulo de particulis consuto. 
 
 Hundredum de Bynstowe. 
 
 Hampslape 
 
 • • 4» •••• • 
 
 Xll ll. 1111 S. VI 
 
 Rauenston 
 
 1111 ll. 
 
 Haueresham 
 
 C S. 
 
 Tyringham cum Philinggraue 
 
 lxvi s. viii d. 
 
 Stokegoldyngton cum Ikole 
 
 lx s. 
 
 Gar hurst cum Parua Lynford 
 
 lxx s. 
 
 Olneye cum membris 
 
 ix li. 
 
 Weston 
 
 lxx s. 
 
 Lauenden cum Snellestone 
 
 c s. 
 
 Latebur’ 
 
 ciiii s. 
 
 Summa liii li. xv s. 
 
 ii d. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 328 * 
 
 77/21. 
 
 Particule compoti Galfridi de Lucy, Gerardi de Braybrok, 
 militum, Iohannis de Hamden et Ricardi Darches, collectorum 
 xv e et x e in comitatu Bulc’, de denariis prouenientibus de ex- 
 cessu seruientium, operariorum et aliorum artificum, finibus, 
 exitibus et amerciamentis eorundem in comitatu predicto et 
 liberatis diuersis villatis et burgis in subuencionem xv e et x e 
 vt patet inferius. 
 
 Hundredum de Bynstowe. 
 
 Villata de Hampslape 
 
 •• ••• 
 VI li. 11 S. Ill 
 
 d. 
 
 Villata de Raueneston 
 
 xl s. 
 
 
 Villata de Haueresham 
 
 1 s. 
 
 
 Villata de Tyringham cum Philinggraue 
 
 xxxiii s. iiii 
 
 d. 
 
 Villata de Stokegoldyngton cum Ikole 
 
 XXX s. 
 
 
 Villata de Garhurst cum Parua Lynford 
 
 XXXV s. 
 
 
 Villata de Olneye cum membris 
 
 1111 li. x s. 
 
 
 Villata de Weston 
 
 XXXV s. 
 
 
 Villata de Lauenden cum Snellestone 
 
 1 s. 
 
 
 Villata de Latebur’ 
 
 lii s. 
 
 
 Summa xxvi li. xvii s. vii d. 
 
 Enrolled Subsidies, 14; Buk’. 
 
 XX 
 
 Summa recepte dciiii.viii li. v s. iiii d. In thesauro dvii li. 
 xv s. in vi talliis per collectores. Item in thesauro ciii li. vii d. 
 ob. per predictum Galfridum. Et iidem collectores respondent 
 in Rotulo xxvi 0 in Residuo Bed’ de cxiiii s. v d. ob. q., qui re- 
 quiruntur ibidem de diuersis de quibus iidem collectores one- 
 rantur, sicut continetur in dicto rotulo de particulis debitis, 
 inde respondent per ix breuia Regis allocata in hoc compoto. 
 Et eisdem collectoribus in compensacionem xlix li. xviii s. quos 
 Iohannes Chastiloun, vicecomes Bed’ et Buk’, leuauit de finibus 
 diuersorum laborancium et artificum et de quibus xlix li. xviii s. 
 idem vicecomes oneratur, videlicet, de xlviii li. xiii s. in rotulo 
 de finibus coram Rege de terminis Pasche et Michaelis anno 
 xxiii° et terminis Hillarii, Pasche, Trinitatis et Michaelis anno 
 xxiiii to et terminis Hillarii, Pasche, Trinitatis anno xxv t0 , et 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 329 * 
 
 de xxv s. in rotulo de finibus, exitibus et amerciamentis coram 
 Rege termino Michaelis anno xxv; et de quibus xlix li. xviii s., 
 videlicet, in dictis particulis idem vicecomes satisfecit Regi 
 sicut continetur in Rotulo xxvi 0 in Bed’ et in Memorandis de 
 anno xxvii° termino Hillarii xlix li. xviii s. per breue Regis 
 irrotulatum in Memorandis de dicto anno xxvii° termino Trin- 
 itatis per quod Rex mandauit baronibus quod omnes pecun- 
 iarum summas de huiusmodi finibus, exitibus et amerciamentis 
 operariorum, seruientum et artificum tarn coram iusticiariis ad 
 placita coram Rege tenenda assignatis quam aliis iusticiariis 
 quibuscumque, in auxilium solucionis xv e et x e predictarum 
 tarn eas, videlicet, que ad opus Regis leuate quamque adhuc 
 leuande existant, prefatis collectoribus in alleuiacionem por- 
 cionum pauperes villatas comitatus predicti contingencium ad 
 scaccarium allocent, vel eis de tanta summa quanta inde ad 
 opus Regis leuata existit recompensacionem habere faciant. Et 
 eisdem collectoribus pro misis et expensis suis c s. Et debent 
 xvi li. xvii s. ii d. ob. q a . Iidem reddunt compotum de eodem 
 debito. In thesauro nichil. Et eisdem collectoribus in con- 
 simili compensacione vt supra de consimilibus finibus labor- 
 ariorum xvi li. xviii s. viii d. per breue Regis allocatum supra 
 et per consideracionem baronum annotatam in Memorandis de 
 anno xxvii 0 Regis huius inter Recorda de termino Trinitatis. 
 Et habent de superplusagio. 1 
 
 «* • * 
 
 V. Cumberland. Third collection. 
 
 90/18. 
 
 Particule compoti Willelmi de Stapleton et Gilberti de Ot- 
 whit, collectorum [etc.]. 
 
 Libertas de Penreth. 
 
 Villata de Penreth xvii li. xix s. x d. 
 
 Inde de excessu laborariorum ix li. v d. 
 
 Villata de Salkeld iiii li. 
 
 Inde de excessu laborariorum xxiii s. v d. 
 
 1 Cf. app., 275-276. 
 
330 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 * 
 
 Villata de Langwarthby lii s. 
 
 Inde de excessu laborariorum xxiii s. xi d. 
 Villata de Carlton xx s. vi d. 
 
 Villata de Stotby ix s. 
 
 Villata de Carleton iuxta Penreth xx s. 
 
 Villata de Sourby cvi s. viii d. 
 
 Inde de excessu laborariorum xl s. 
 
 Summa xxxii li. viii s. Inde de excessu laborariorum 
 
 • ••«• ••• • -a 
 
 xin li. vm s. ix d. 
 
 VI. Derby. Second collection. 
 
 91/21. 
 
 Derb’ 
 
 Particule compoti Iohannis de Greseley, Iohannis de Sheye, 
 Thome Bakepuz, Willelmi Curson et Ricardi Foliaumbe, col- 
 lectorum [etc.]. 
 
 Scamesdale. 
 
 De Kynwaldmersch xxxviii s. vii d. Inde xxxiiii s. vii d. de 
 xv a . De excessu laborariorum iiii s. 
 
 De Norton xxxvi s. viii d. Inde xxvi s. viii d. de xv a . 
 
 De excessu laborariorum x s. 
 
 De Ekynton xlv s. viii d. Inde xxxix s. de xv a . 
 
 De excessu laborariorum vi s. viii d. 
 De Brakenthweit et Wistinton xii s. x d. Inde viii s. x d. de 
 xv a . De excessu laborariorum iiii s. 
 
 De Elmeton xii s. Inde viii s. de xv a . 
 
 De excessu laborariorum iiii s. 
 
 De Glapwelle xxiii s. ii d. Inde xix s. ii d. de xv a . 
 
 De excessu laborariorum iiii s. 
 
 De Oxcroft viii s. iii d. Inde vi s. iii d. de xv a . 
 
 De excessu laborariorum ii s. 
 
 De Barleborough et Whitewell iiii li. ix s. ii d. Inde iiii li. 
 
 xiiii d. de xv a . De excessu laborariorum viii s. 
 
 De Staueleye xxxii s. vi d. Inde xxvi s. de xv a . 
 
 De excessu laborariorum vi s. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 331 * 
 
 De Barley et Aston xxxviii s. vi d. Inde xxvii s. vi d. de xv a . 
 
 De excessu laborariorum xi s. 
 
 De Wyng^rworth li s. ix d. Inde xl s. ix d. de xv a . 
 
 De excessu laborariorum xi s. 
 
 De Scardeclif xl s. vii d. Inde xxxvi s. vii d. de xv a . 
 
 De excessu laborariorum iiii s. 
 
 De Shirland xx s. x d. Inde xvii s. x d. de xv a . 
 
 De excessu laborariorum ii s. 
 
 De Essouer xliiii s. i d. Inde xxxvi s. v d. de xv a . 
 
 De excessu laborariorum vii s. viii d. 
 
 De Stretton xxv s. vii d. Inde xxiii s. vii d. de xv a . 
 
 De excessu laborariorum iiii s. 
 
 De Holmesfeld xliiii s. i d. Inde xxxii s. i d. de xv a . 
 
 De excessu laborariorum xii s. 
 
 De Bollesouer pro x a , cx s. iii d. Inde iiii li. xviii s. iii d. de 
 
 xv a . De excessu laborariorum xii s. 
 
 % 
 
 De Sutton in Dal xvii s. vi d. Inde xiii s. vi d. de xv a . 
 
 De excessu laborariorum iiii s. 
 
 De Beyghton lvi s. v d. Inde xlviii s. v d. de xv a . 
 
 De excessu laborariorum viii s. 
 
 De Plesley lxvi s. viii d. Inde lvi s. viii d. de xv a . 
 
 De excessu laborariorum x s. 
 
 De Tybshelf xxxviii s. i d. Inde xxxv s. i d. de xv a . 
 
 De excessu laborariorum iii s. 
 
 De Alferton 1 s. vii d. Inde xlv s. vii d. de xv a . 
 
 De excessu laborariorum v s. 
 
 De Southwynfeld li s. Inde xlvi s. de xv a . 
 
 De excessu laborariorum v s. 
 
 De Dronfeld lviii s. vii d. Inde Iiii s. vii d. de xv a . 
 
 De excessu laborariorum v s. 
 
 De Normanton et Penkeston xliiii s. i d. Inde xlii s. i d. de 
 xv a . De excessu laborariorum ii s. 
 
 De Dokmanton xxii s. iiii d. Inde xx s. iiii d. de xv a . 
 
 De excessu laborariorum ii s. 
 
 De Morton vi s. x d. Inde iiii s. x d. de xv a . 
 
 De excessu laborariorum ii s. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 33 2 * 
 
 De Staynesby lxi s. iii d. ob. q. Inde liiii s. vii d. de xv a . 
 
 De excessu laborariorum vi s. viii d. 1 
 
 De Cloune Roberti Foluille xv d. 
 
 Inde de excessu laborariorum, nichil. 
 
 De Blakwelle xxviii s. viii d. Inde xxvi s. viii d. de xv a . 
 
 De excessu laborariorum ii s. 
 
 De Toteley et Dore liiii s. Inde xliiii s. de xv a . 
 
 De excessu laborariorum x s. 
 
 De Whitinton et Bryninton xxxiii s. iiii d. Inde xxvi s. viii 
 d. de xv a . De excessu laborariorum dimidia marca. 
 
 De Walton xxxiii s. iiii d. Inde xxvi s. viii d. de xv a . 
 
 De excessu laborariorum dimidia marca. 
 
 De Chesterfeld pro x a , vi li. xv s. vii d. Inde lxxv s. vii d. 
 de xv a . De excessu laborariorum lx s. 
 
 De Derley pro x a xxx li. Inde xxi li. v s. de xv a . 
 
 De excessu laborariorum viii li. xv s. 
 
 Summa (blank). 
 
 (Foots to xxi li. vi s. viii d.) 
 
 Exchequer, K. R., Accounts, 110/18. 
 
 Scarnesdale. 
 
 m. 3. 2 Extractus excessuum et finium laborancium et ser- 
 uientum de wappentachia de Scarnesdale, coram Hugone 
 de Meignill et sociis suis iusticiariis domini Regis in 
 comitatu Derb’ annis regni Regis Edwardi tercii xxv t0 
 vi t0 . 
 
 De Willelmo de Hope per plegium Ricardi Basse, Hu- 
 gonis Briane, pro excessu et fine xviii d. 
 
 De Alicia, vxore Roberti de Chanountrys, per plegium 
 Hugonis Brian, Iohannis Fox, xviii d. 
 
 De Alicia de Staueley per plegium Roberti le Souter, 
 Radulphi del Clay, xviii d. 
 
 1 Slight discrepancies in addition and subtraction are not uncommon. 
 
 s m. 1. Hundredum de Sallowe; m. 2. Hundredum de Repeindon; m. 
 
 4. Hundredum de Wirkesworth. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 333 * 
 
 De Iohanna, filia Iohannis Parker, per plegium Wil- 
 lelmi filii Willelmi, Ricardi filii Galfridi, xviii d. 
 
 Be Petro Esmond per plegium predictorum Willelmi 
 et Ricardi, xviii d. 
 
 De Roberto atte Water per plegium Willelmi Broun, 
 Ricardi Dawkyns, xviii d. 
 
 De Ricardo, filio Radulfi, per plegium Roberti atte 
 Water, Gregorii Dawkyns, xviii d. 
 
 De Magota de Codenouer per plegium Ade Isabell, 
 Rogeri de Grene, xviii d. 
 
 De Willelmo, filio Willelmi Gamel, per plegium Petri 
 Esmond, Roberti le Souter, ii s. 
 
 De Petro Abbot de Staueley per plegium Willelmi del 
 Cotes, Ricardi Basse, ii s. 
 
 De Roberto le Ward per plegium Willelmi Brone, 
 Roberti, Willelmi del Loue, ii s. 
 
 De Roberto Berchour per plegium Roberti de Glappe- 
 well, Henrici Bate, ii s. 
 
 De Willelmo le Barker per plegium Willelmi le Bryth, 
 Inrez 1 le Reve, xii d. 
 
 De Ricardo de Chastershire per plegium Rogeri de 
 Wyggeley et Rogeri Caus, xii d. 
 
 • •••••••• 
 
 De Ricardo Alebeyn, sutore, per plegium Willelmi 
 Alcok et Thome de Kenworth, iii s. 
 
 De Rogero de Notingham per plegium Thome de 
 Burgh et Willelmi, filii Iohannis, iii s. 
 
 De Thoma de Silkeston per plegium predictorum, ii s. 
 
 De Willelmo Maynard de Brenscle, sutore, per ple¬ 
 gium Ade de Godham et Iohannis de Wodhous, ii s. 
 
 De Roberto de Neuwerk, sutore, per plegium Henrici 
 Bate, Iohannis de Sutton, ii s. 
 
 De Ricardo de Hulme, laborario, per plegium Thome 
 Baret, Elie de Newbolt, xii d. 
 
 Perhaps lurez. 
 
334 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 * 
 
 De Iohanne le Plastrer, laborer, per plegium Iohannis 
 le Stedeman, Willelmi le Walssh, xii d. 
 
 De Willelmo Denne, pistore, per plegium Iohannis 
 Heyne, Willelmi le Walsh, xl d. 
 
 De Roberto, filio Roberti Wayfeire, per predictum, ii s. 
 
 De Willelmo le Mulner, pistore, per predictum, ii s. 
 
 • •*•••••• 
 
 Summa xxi li. v s. iiii d. 1 
 
 Derby. Second collection (continued). 
 
 91/21. 2 
 
 De Beaureper xxx s. Inde xxv s. de xv a . Et v s. 
 de excessibus laborariorum. 
 
 • •••••••• 
 
 De Sallowe xvii s. iii d. Inde xv s. iii d. de xv a . 
 
 De excessu laborariorum ii s. 
 
 9i/22a. A file of 210 acquittances. 
 
 Hec indentura testatur quod Iohannes de Gresley et 
 socii sui collectores xv e et x e secundi anni triennalium 
 domino Regi in comitatu Derb’ concessarum anno regni 
 sui xxv t0 deliberauerunt Thome de Odyam de Beureper 
 v s. de finibus et excessibus seruiencium et laborariorum 
 in auxilium xv e ville de Beureper. 
 
 In cuius rei testimonium partes predicte sigilla sua 
 apposuerunt. Data apud Derb’ die Veneris proximo 
 post festum Sancti Gregorii anno xxviii 0 . 
 
 Hec indentura testatur quod Iohannes de Gresley et 
 socii sui collectores xv e et x e triennalium domino Regi 
 in comitatu Derb’ concessarum anno regni sui xxv t0 
 
 1 A slight difference between this sum and that of Lay Subs., 91/21; 
 in Accounts, 110/18 the writing is so small and so faded that the mistake 
 is very likely there. 
 
 ’See app., 330, for heading and for the whole district of Scarnesdale; I 
 have here picked out two small districts so as to compare them with the 
 acquittances. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 335 
 
 * 
 
 deliberauerunt Henrico le Fisch de Sallowe ii s. de fin- 
 ibus et excessibus seruiencium et laborariorum in aux- 
 ilium xv e villate de Sallowe. 
 
 In cuius rei testimonium partes predicte sigilla sua 
 apposuerunt. Data apud Derb’ die Veneris proximo 
 post festum Sancti Gregorii anno xxviii 0 . (Seal.) 1 
 
 VII. Derby. Third collection. 
 
 Enrolled Subsidies, 14. 
 
 (No account of fines:) eo quod tota summa dena- 
 riorum proueniencium de eisdem finibus, exitibus et 
 amerciamentis per ipsos collectores leuatis liberata fuit 
 pro vadiis iusticiariorum assignatorum ad huiusmodi 
 seruientes, operarios et alios artifices in comitatu pre- 
 dicto puniendos, absque eo quod aliqui denarii proueni- 
 entes de eisdem finibus, exitibus et amerciamentis penes 
 ipsos collectores remanent, vt dicunt super sacramentum 
 suum et sicut continetur in compoto inde in thesauro 
 liberato. 
 
 Exchequer, K. R., Accounts, 110/21. 
 
 m. 1. Extracte finium, excessuum, exituum et amerciamen- 
 torum forisfactorum coram Hugone de Meignill et sociis 
 suis iusticiariis [domini Regis] 2 ad statuta de operator- 
 ibus et seruientibus in comitatu Derb’ audienda et ter- 
 minanda assignatis, [videlicet die Lune, die Martis, die 
 Mercurii, die Iouis, die Veneris et die Sabbati prout 
 sessiones fecerunt in diuersis locis dicti comitatus a 
 festo Sancti Michaelis archangeli anno regni Regis Ed- 
 wardi tercii post conquestum xxvii 0 vsque festum Sancti 
 Michaelis tunc proxime sequens, videlicet, in tercio anno 
 triennalium Regi concessarum anno xxv t0 ]. 2 
 
 .#••••• • • 
 
 1 Cf. app., 276-277. 
 
 a The portions in brackets crossed off in original. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 336 * 
 
 m. 3. Sallowe. 
 
 (The offence is ‘‘pro excessu et fine.”) 
 
 De Willelmo Tenerey quia non venit. iii d. 
 
 De Simone de Grenhull pro simili. iii d. 
 
 De Willelmo Ponge quia non venit. iii d. 
 
 De Willelmo Faunell quia non venit. iii d. 
 
 De Iohanne de Offinton quia non venit. iii d. 
 
 De Roberto de Thrumunton quia non venit. iii d. 
 
 De Roberto Waleys quia non venit. iii d. 
 
 De Willelmo Tybbald quia non venit. iii d. 
 
 De Willelmo Anot quia non venit. iii d. 
 
 De Iohanne, filio Iohannis et Ada, filio Ricardi, 
 
 quia non habent. iiii d. 
 
 De plegiis Iohanne et Adam, quia non habent. iiii d. 
 
 De Roberto Gamell, Willelmo Faunell, quia non 
 
 habent. iiii d. 
 
 De Ricardo Sturdy, Galfrido, filio eius, quia non 
 
 habent. iiii d. 
 
 De Ricardo Carter et Willelmo Suter, quia non 
 
 habent dictum Iohannem. 1 iiii d. 
 
 De predictis Ricardo et Willelmo, quia non ha¬ 
 bent. iiii d. 
 
 De Petro Sckot, Willelmo, filio Ricardi, quia non 
 
 habent. iiii d. 
 
 De Willelmo Suter, Ricardo, filio Adam, quia non 
 
 habent. iiii d. 
 
 De Iohanne North, Ricardo Suter, quia non ha¬ 
 bent. iiii d. 
 
 Summa oner'is ii s. xi d. probatur. 
 
 (Endorsement.) 
 
 Summa istorum trium rotulorum tarn infra quam 
 extra, vbi preponitur litera T xxiii li. vi s. vii d. Quos 
 computant se liberasse iusticiariis assignatis ad punien- 
 
 1 /. e. Iohanne de Offinton, supra. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 337 * 
 
 dum seruientes, operarios et alios artifices in comitatu 
 Derb’ per quinque breuia de magno sigillo Regis et tres 
 litefas acquietancie dictorum iusticiariorum receptas et 
 liberacionem predictam testificantes, sicut continetur in 
 compoto dictorum collectorum inde in thesauro liberato. 
 Qui quidem compotus remanet in custodia ingrossa- 
 toris. 1 
 
 VIII. Essex. First collection. 
 
 107/41. 
 
 Essex’ 
 
 Particule compoti Lionis de Bradenham et Iohannis de 
 Depeden, collectorum [etc.]. 
 
 Hundredum de Tendryng. 
 
 De villata de Bradefeld xliiii s. iii d. ob. q. 
 
 vnde xv a iiii s. iii d. ob. q. fines operariorum xl s. 
 
 Hundredum de Lexeden. 2 
 
 • ••••• •• 
 
 De villa de Coppeford li s. vi d. ob. q a . 
 
 vnde xv a xxi s. vi d. ob. q a . fines operariorum xxx s. 
 breue De villa de Teye Magna cxi s. iii d. q a . 
 
 de finibus operariorum eiusdem ville. (vnde de xv a 
 bonorum Iohannis fitz Wauter in eadem villa xiiii s.) 
 De villa de Fordham lv s. vii d. 
 
 de finibus operariorum eiusdem ville. 
 
 De villa de Bures ad Montem xxiiii s. i d. ob. 
 
 de finibus operariorum eiusdem ville. 
 
 De villa de Colne Alba xxxv s. i d. q a . 
 
 vnde xv a xx s. i d. q a . fines operariorum xv s. 
 x a De burgo Colcestr’ cum hamelettis de Lexeden’, Mi- 
 breue lande, Grynsted et Westdonyland. 
 
 xxvi li. ii s. ix d. de finibus laborariorum eiusdem 
 
 1 Most of the entries have the letter “ T ” before them; others (but 
 fewer) have a small “e.” 
 
 ‘'Last six entries in this hundred. 
 
33 8 * 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 burgi quia nichil de xv a et x a . [vnde xiiii s. pro 
 bonis Iohannis fitz Wauter in Lexeden.] 1 
 
 Exchequer, K. R., Accounts, no/16. 2 
 
 Extracte finium, exituum et amerciamentorum factorum 
 coram Iohanne de Sutton et sociis suis iusticiariis domini Regis 
 ad diuersas felonias et excessus laborariorum in comitatu 
 Essex’ audiendos et terminandos assignatis anno regni Regis 
 Edwardi tercii post conquestum xxv t0 . 
 
 Hundredum de Tendryng. 
 
 Villata de Bradefeld. 
 
 De Ricardo le Ferour pro eodem (i. e. de fine 
 
 pro excessu) 
 
 
 V 
 
 s. 
 
 De Willelmo Welybetyn pro eodem 
 
 V 
 
 s. 
 
 De Stephano Adekyn 
 
 11 
 
 • • 
 
 Xll 
 
 d. 
 
 De Thoma Adekyn 
 
 (t 
 
 • • 
 
 Xll 
 
 d. 
 
 De Rogero Alfreyd 
 
 u 
 
 • • 
 
 Xll 
 
 d. 
 
 De Gosscelina atte Nassh 
 
 a 
 
 • • 
 
 11 
 
 s. 
 
 De Iuota, sorore dicte Gossceline pro eodem 
 
 • • 
 
 Xll 
 
 d. 
 
 De Dionisio Balton pro eodem 
 
 • • 
 
 Xll 
 
 d. 
 
 De Clemente Welybete pro eodem 
 
 • • 
 
 Xll 
 
 d._ 
 
 De Mabilla Maykyn 
 
 t( 
 
 • • 
 
 Xll 
 
 d. 
 
 De Waltero Welybete 
 
 a 
 
 • • 
 
 Xll 
 
 d. 
 
 De Iohanne Oralle 
 
 a 
 
 • • 
 
 Xll 
 
 d. 
 
 De Christina Balton 
 
 (( 
 
 • • 
 
 Xll 
 
 d. 
 
 De Iohanne le Thecche 
 
 a 
 
 • • 
 
 11 
 
 s. 
 
 De Agnete Brok 
 
 u 
 
 vi 
 
 d. 
 
 De Hugone Balton 
 
 <( 
 
 xl d. 
 
 De Hugone Welybete 
 
 it 
 
 • • 
 
 11 
 
 s. 
 
 Summa xxix s. x d. 
 
 probatur. 
 
 
 
 ^he portion in brackets crossed out in 
 
 original. 
 
 
 
 2 This exceedingly voluminous and very valuable account was discov¬ 
 ered out of its proper place by Professor Edwin F. Gay. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 339 * 
 
 Hundredum de Lexeden. 
 
 Villata de Teye Magna. 
 
 (54 names; largest amount 10 s.) 
 
 Summa cxii s. viii d. probatur. 
 
 • ••••• • « 
 
 Villata de Copford. 
 
 (30 names; largest amount 40 d.) 
 
 Summa xliii s. viii d. probatur. 
 
 • *•••• •« 
 
 Villata de Fordham. 
 
 (34 names; largest amount 5 s.) 
 
 Summa lvii s. ii d. 
 
 • ••••• • • 
 
 Villata de Burus ad Montem. 
 
 (14 names; largest amount 40 d.) 
 
 Summa xxx s. probatur. 
 
 • ••••••• 
 
 Villata Colcestr’ 
 
 (275 names; largest amount 20 s.) 
 
 Hameletta de Cole’ 
 
 (30 names; largest amount 20 s.) 
 
 Hameletta de Grensted. 
 
 (4 names; largest amount 40 d.) 
 
 Hameletta de Milland. 
 
 (8 names; largest amount 40 d.) 
 
 Hameletta de Westdonyland. 
 
 (2 names; largest amount 5 s.) 
 
 XX 
 
 P •••• ••• 1 • ••• •••• 4 1 
 
 Summa 1111 111 li. vm s. 1111 d. 
 
 • ••••• •• 
 Summa totalis finium laborariorum deexix li. x s. De qua 
 quidem summa liberatur diuersis villis in diuersis hundredis 
 per discrecionem iusticiariorum et aliorum iuratorum in aleu- 
 iacionem x e et xv e per collectores earundem x e et xv e ob 
 causam paupertatis et inopie post pestilenciam accidentum 
 summa denariorum subscripta 2 vt inferius patet. 
 
 Camlets included. 
 
 2 This word is faded and doubtful. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 340* 
 
 (Note at end of account.) 
 
 Summa distribucionum villatarum supradictarum de denariis 
 operariorum per discrecionem iusticiariorum dclxxv li. xi s. 
 Et in vadia iusticiariorum per diuersas sessiones et diuersa 
 tempora anno regni Regis Edwardi tercii post conquestum 
 vicesimo sexto, videlicet, domini Iohannis de Sutton, vnius ius- 
 ticiarii, xiiil li. xiii s. iiii d. per xliiii dies capientis per diem 
 vi s. viii d.; domini Iohannis de Coggeshale, alius iusticiarii, 
 xvi li. xiii s. iiii d. per 1 dies capientis per diem vi s. viii d.; 
 et Robert! de Teye, alterius iusticiarii, xii li. x s. per 1 dies 
 capientis per diem vs.; vt patet per indenturam inter predictos 
 iusticiarios et dictos collectores inde factam dictos denarios tes- 
 tificantem. 
 
 Summa vadiorum xliii li. xvi s. viii d. Summa totalis con- 
 iuncta dccxix li. 
 
 Et debent ii s. iiii d. 
 
 IX. Herts. First collection. 
 
 120/29. 
 
 Particule compoti Iohannis de Chilterne, Iohannis Galwe et 
 Willelmi atte Hoo de Ware, collectorum [etc.]. 
 
 Hundredum de Hertford. 
 
 Tax .... 
 
 De Berkhamstede Parua 
 
 Hundredum de Braugh. 
 
 De Westmuln 
 De Braugh 
 De Stondon 
 De Honisdon 
 De Stanstude 
 De Estwyk 
 De Wideford 
 De Ware 
 De Godeleston 
 De Thorleye 
 
 Iiii s. v d. ob. 
 
 lii s. i d. q. 
 v li. vii s. ii d. q. 
 ix li. xiii s. viii d. 
 
 1111 li. 111 s. via d. 
 
 Ixvii s. x d. 
 
 xxxii s. vi d. 
 
 xxviii s. vii d. 
 
 xii li. xvii s. iiii d. ob. 
 
 xxxvi s. 
 
 lxx s. iii d. q. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 341 * 
 
 De Sabrichisworth 
 Burgus de Storteford 
 De Wicham hamletta 
 
 ix li. ix s. x d. ob, 
 ix li. xii s. v d. ob, q, 
 xxxix s. viii d, ob, q. 
 
 Summa totalis hundredi lxvii li. xi s, iii d, q, 
 probatur. 
 
 Particule compoti Iohannis de Chilterne, Iohannis Gaiwe et 
 Willelmi atte Hoo de Ware, collectorum xv e et x e triennalium 
 Regi a laicis anno xxv t0 concessarum in comitatu Hertford', 
 videlicet, de denariis prouenientibus de finibus operariorum et 
 aliorum artificum in comitatu predicto. 
 
 Appor- Hundredum de Hertford. 
 
 tionment ........ 
 
 Willelmo de Berenden subcollectori xv e ville de 
 
 Berkhamstede Parua. 
 
 xi s. 
 
 Hundredum de Brath. 
 
 Galfrido Ball et Iohanni Milis subcollectori bus 
 xv e villate de Westmull x s. vi d, 
 
 Radulfo atte Watere et Roberto Cosin subeollec- 
 toribus xv e villate de Brathing 
 
 xxii s. 
 
 Iohanni Strode et Henrico Baldewell subcollec- 
 toribus xv e villate de Stondon 
 
 xxxiii s. viii d, 
 
 Thome Bacon et Iohanni Makewiliam subcoi- 
 lectoribus xv e villate de Honisdon 
 
 xvi s. ix d, 
 
 Willelmo, Roberto et Willelmo Rokisburwe sub- 
 collectoribus xv e villate de Stanstede 
 
 xiii s. vi d. 
 
 Iohanni Germayn subcollectori xv e villate de 
 Estwyk vi s. vi d. 
 
 Iohanni le Taylour subcollectori xv e villate de 
 Wydeford v s. vii d. 
 
342 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 * 
 
 Thome de Godisfeld et Iohanni atte Watere 
 subcollectoribus xv e villate de Ware 
 
 v li. 
 
 Iohanni Panel et Nicholao Deyere subcollector¬ 
 ibus xv e villate de Gudliston 
 
 viii s. 
 
 Waltero Baldewyn et Roberto Bole subcollec¬ 
 toribus xv e villate de Thorleye 
 
 xv s. 
 
 Heli Herebard et Roberto Rome subcollectoribus 
 x e hamelette de Wykham viii s. 
 
 Summa xi li. xix s. vi d. probatur. 1 
 X. Herts. Second collection. 
 
 120/30. A file of 30 or 40 indentures; to be compared with 
 the tax for the first collection for the corresponding districts; 
 see app., 340. 
 
 Hec indentura testatur quod Radulfus Cressy et Iohannes de 
 Chilterne, taxatores et collectores secundi anni xv e et x e domino 
 Regi anno regni sui Anglie xxv to in comitatu Hertford' con- 
 cessarum, liberauerunt Willelmo Werden subtaxatori et sub- 
 collectori eiusdem xv e villate de Berkhampsted Parua, de 
 secundo anno predicto, quatuor solidos et sex denarios de fin- 
 ibus, exitibus et amerciamentis prouenientibus de extractis 
 exituum et amerciamentorum diuersorum operariorum, labor- 
 ariorum et artificum factorum coram Waltero de Mauny et 
 sociis suis iusticiariis dicti domini Regis in comitatu predicto 
 de huiusmodi operariis, laborariis et artificibus prouenientium 2 
 in auxilium solucionis xv e predicte eandem villatam contin- 
 gentis. 
 
 1 Cf. also Lay Subs., 120/31, Herts.; it contains a file of writs to 
 the collectors of this same collection directing them to pay the justices' 
 wages and a file of receipts from the justices, similar to those for Derby; 
 app., 276-277. 
 
 ! MS. proueniend. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 343* 
 
 Data apud Sanctum Albanum die Sabbati proximo post fes- 
 tum Purificacionis beate Marie, anno Regis Edwardi tercii 
 post conquestum Anglie xxviii 0 . 
 
 XI. Kent. First collection. 
 
 123/24. 
 
 Particule compoti Symonis de Lee, Iohannis Champayne et 
 Willelmi de Wyghtrishamme, collectorum [etc.]. 
 
 Lastus de Shypweye. 
 
 Tax Hundredum Sancti Martini. 
 
 De Symone Dolsely v s. 
 
 De Iohanne Godwerk v s. 
 
 De Stephano Thomelyn iii s. 
 
 De Roberto Sampson vi s. 
 
 De Laurencio, filio Iohannis Maheu, xviii d. 
 De Iohanne Landriche iii s. 
 
 (33 more names; amounts vary between 6 s. 
 and is.) 
 
 Summa ciiii s. viii d. 
 
 • ••••••• 
 
 Summa totalis forisfacturarum ciiii s. viii d. 
 preter liiii s. laborariorum. 
 
 Hundredum de Langeport. 
 
 • • • • • • • • 
 Summa xv s. vi d. 
 
 • ••••••• 
 
 Summa totalis forisfacturarum xv s. vi d. preter 
 ii s. laborariorum. 
 
 Hundredum de Allowesbregg. 
 
 • ••••••• 
 
 Summa totalis forisfacturarum xv li. ii s. i d. ob. 
 q a . preter xxxix s. laborariorum. 
 
 • ••••••« 
 
 Hundredum de Newecherch. 
 
344 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 * 
 
 Summa forisfacturarum xiii li. xi s. vi d. ob. q a , 
 preter xxxv s. laborariorum. 
 
 • • • • • • • • 
 
 Hundredum de Stontyng. 
 
 • • • • • • • • • 
 
 Summa totalis forisfacturarum ix li. v s. x d. ob. 
 q a . preter xxv s. de laborariis. 
 
 • •••• • ♦ • 
 
 Hundredum de Lombergh. 
 
 • •••• • • • 
 
 Summa totalis forisfacturarum xxvi li. xix s. xi 
 d. ob q a . preter lx s. laborariorum. 
 «••••••• 
 
 Hundredum de Hean. 
 
 • ••••••• 
 
 Summa forisfacturarum iii li. xii s. iii d. ob. q a . 
 preter xxxvii s. laborariorum. 
 
 • •••• • • • 
 
 Hundredum de Bircholte. 
 
 • ••••••• 
 
 Summa totalis forisfacturarum iiii li. xvii s. viii d. 
 q a . preter xiii s. laborariorum. 
 
 • •••• ••• 
 
 Hundredum de Hamme. 
 
 • ••••••• 
 
 Summa viii li. ix s. ii d. cum xviii s. ii d. labor¬ 
 ariorum. 
 
 *••••••• 
 
 Hundredum de Worth. 
 
 • ••••••• 
 
 Summa totalis forisfacturarum vi li. xi s. iii d. q a „ 
 preter xli s. ii d. laborariorum. 
 
 Hundredum de Oxene. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 345 '* 
 
 Summa totalis forisfacturarum xiii li. xix s. ix d. 
 preter xxxvi s. laborariorum. 
 
 • ••••••• 
 
 Hundredum de Folkestane. 
 
 • «•••••• 
 
 Summa totalis forisfacturarum xxxiii li. iii s. i d. 
 q a . preter vi li. iiii s. laborariorum. 
 «••••••• 
 
 Hundredum de Strete. 
 
 • ••••••• 
 
 Summa totalis forisfacturarum xi li. iii s. v d. ob. 
 q a . preter xxxix s. laborariorum. 
 
 • «•••«•• 
 Summa totalis forisfacturarum ipsius lasti 
 clxxviii li. xx d. 
 
 Summa v portuum lxv li. iiii s. iii d. ob. q a . 
 Summa religiosorum lxv s. 
 
 Summa monetariorum iiii s. 
 
 Summa tocius lasti ccxlvi li. xv s. cum xxvi 
 li. iii s. iiii d. laborariorum. 1 
 
 Aporciacio de finibus et amerciamentis diuersorum 
 laborariorum et artificum in comitatu Kane’ facta 
 per Henricum de Valoyns, militem, Nicholaum de 
 Sandwico, militem, Thomam Chicche, militem, Io- 
 Appor- hannem de Cobeham, militem ac alios militum et 
 tionment proborum hominum communitatis comitatus Kane' 
 predicti per assencionem comitis Huntyngdon’ et 
 sociorum suorum 2 iusticiariorum etc. 
 
 Lastus de Shippeweye. 
 
 Hundredum Sancti Martini liiii s. 
 
 Hundredum de Langeporte ii s. 
 
 x The separate hundreds have each “summa v portuum” entered 
 after their own sum, and then “summa coniuncta.” 
 
 2 MS. suis. 
 
346* 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 Hundredum de Allowesbregg 
 Hundredum de Oxene 
 Hundredum de Lonybrgh 
 Hundredum de Stontyng 
 Hundredum de Heen 
 Hundredum de Strete 
 Hundredum de Worth 
 Hundredum de Newecherch 
 Hundredum de Bircholte 
 Hundredum de Hamme 
 Hundredum de Folkstane 
 
 XXXIX s. 
 
 XXXVI s. 
 
 lx s. 
 
 XXV s. 
 
 xxxvii s. 
 xxxix s. 
 xli s. ii d. 
 xxxv s. 
 xiii s. 
 
 xviii s. ii d. 
 • « • • • • • 
 
 VI ll. 1111 s. 
 
 XII. | Lancaster. Third collection. 
 
 130/26. 
 
 (Heading wanting. Described in official catalogue as of 
 doubtful date but as probably belonging to Edw. Ill because 
 of character. 
 
 The following note at end proves that it belongs to this 
 subsidy: 
 
 Infra quam summam continentur - 1 seruientium et 
 
 artificum particulariter distributa et liberata diuersis burgis et 
 villatis-attachiatur. 
 
 Enrolled Subsidies, 14, shows that only for the third col¬ 
 lection of the grant of 1352 were the penalties accounted for. 
 
 The heading of the district of Derbyshire is torn off, and also 
 the names of the first three places; a comparison with 130/25, 
 containing the account of an earlier grant of Edw. Ill, makes 
 it safe to supply the missing names as follows: 2 ) 
 
 • • • • « • 
 
 1111 li. 
 
 lx s. 
 
 xxv s. 
 
 xlviii s. 
 
 De Crosseby Magna 
 De Knouselegh 
 
 1 Badly torn. 
 
 *1 am indebted to Miss M. T. Martin for this information. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 347* 
 
 De Hagh ix s. 
 
 De Hyndelegh xx s. N 
 
 ^ • • • • « • • 
 
 130/21. 
 
 Particule compoti Willelmi de Clifton et Willelmi de Hes- 
 keyth, collectorum tercii anni xv e et x e triennalium Regi a 
 laicis anno xxv t0 in comitatu Lane’ concessarum, videlicet de 
 finibus pro excessibus et amerciamentis diuersorum opera- 
 riorum, seruientium et artificum factis coram Iohanne de 
 Haueryngton, Willelmo Laurence et sociis suis iusticiariis as- 
 signatis in comitatu predicto ad puniendum huiusmodi opera- 
 rios, seruientes et artifices pro excessibus, annis xxvi° xxvii° 
 et xxviii 0 particulariter distributis et liberatis burgis et villatis 
 infrascriptis, in auxilium solucionis xv e et x e predictarum. Et 
 de quibus quidem finibus et amerciamentis nichil fuit prius dis- 
 tributum, solutum vel liberatum villatis infrascriptis in auxil¬ 
 ium solucionis primi vel secundi anni earundem xv e et x e . 
 
 Derbyshire. 
 
 Willelmo, filio Ricardi et Willelmo le Clerk, subcollectoribus 
 x me trienalis burgi de Wygan Regi concesse in ducatu Lane’ 
 anno xxv to in auxilium, videlicet, solucionis x arum predictarum 
 dictum burgum contingentium, videlicet, pro dicta x ma trienali 
 [ad quam prius non habuit allocacionem] 1 cui prius nichil solu¬ 
 tum fuit sicut supraposita de aliquibus finibus vel amercia¬ 
 mentis seruientium, operariorum vel artificum xii d. 
 
 Alexandro Comyn et Willelmo, filio Ade, subcollectoribus x e 
 predicte burgi de Lyuerpull, in auxilio solucionis x arum predic¬ 
 tarum ix li. 
 
 Willelmo Modersoule et Roberto del Toun, subcollectoribus 
 xv e predicte villate de Knouselegh, in auxilio solucionis xv arum 
 predictarum xlii s. x d. 
 
 Iohanni le Walker et Ricardo Brommegh, subcollectoribus 
 xv e predicte villate de Hagh, in auxilio solucionis xv arum pre¬ 
 dictarum vi s. 
 
 ^he portion in brackets crossed through in the original. 
 
348* 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 Ade, filio Rogeri et Ade, filio Ricardi, subcollectoribus xv e 
 predicte villate de Hyndelegh, in auxilio solucionis xv arum pre- 
 dictarum xxiii s. iii d. ob. 
 
 XIII. J Lincoln, Holand. Second collection. 
 
 135/53- 
 
 (Described in the official catalogue as of doubtful date, but 
 probably of the reign of Edw. III. The penalties prove that 
 it is the grant of 1352; the names of the collectors are the 
 same as in Enrolled Subs., 14, for the second collection.) 
 
 Particule compoti Willelmi de Surflete de Gosberkirk et Io- 
 hannis de Luttelbury, collectorum xv e et x e triennalium Regi 
 a laicis anno xxv° in partibus Holand in comitatu Lincoln’ 
 concessarum, videlicet, de secundo anno solucionis earundem. 
 
 De villata de Wrangil 
 De villata de Leke 
 De villata de Leuirton 
 
 De villata de Benington 
 
 De villata de Bolerwike 
 
 De. villata de Freston 
 
 De villata de Tofte 
 
 De villata de Skirbecke 
 
 De villata de Sancto 
 Botolpho 
 
 xv li. xiii s. iiii d. Inde de xv a x li. 
 
 xiii s. iiii d. Et de excessu c s. 
 xxi li. Inde de xv a xviii li. x s. 
 Et de excessu 1 s. 
 
 xiii li. vi s. viii d. Inde de xv a xii 
 li. vii s. vi d. Et de excessu xix 
 s. ii d. 
 
 xiv li. Inde de xv a xii li. vii s. iiii d. 
 Et de excessu xxxii s. viii d. 
 
 vi li. Inde de xv a cxiii s. Et de 
 excessu vii s. 
 
 xi li. xv s. Inde de xv a x li. xvii s. 
 iii d. Et de excessu xviii d. 
 
 x li. Inde de xv a ix li. xii s. vi d. 
 Et de excessu vii s. vi d. 
 
 xi li. Inde de xv a x li. xiii s. x d. 
 Et de excessu vi s. ii d. 
 
 lxxiii li. vi s. viii d. Inde de xv a 
 lxvii li. xvi s. viii d. Et de ex¬ 
 cessu cx s. 
 
 Summa clxxvi li. xx d. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 349 * 
 
 XIV. Lincoln, Kesteven. Second collection. 
 
 135/57- 
 
 Particule' compoti Roberti Vlf de Grantham, Iohannis de 
 Tame de Gretford et Iohannis Slony de Sleford pro se et Ri¬ 
 cardo de Hebden, collectoribus [etc.]. 
 
 Vffington cum Casewyk xi li. x s. vi d. Inde de xv a xi li. 
 
 iii s. x d. Et de excessu vi s. 
 
 Langetoft 
 
 viii d. 
 
 xi li. xiiii s. x d. q. Inde de xv a 
 xi li. iiii s. x d. q a . Et de ex¬ 
 cessu x s. 
 
 Talyngton 
 
 ix li. iiii d. Inde de xv a viii li. x s. 
 iiii d. Et de excessu x s. 
 
 Brasyngburn cum 
 Branthorp 
 
 iiii li. xvi s. vi d. Inde de xv a iiii 
 li. viii s. i d. Et de excessu viii 
 s. v d. 
 
 • • • 
 
 Baston 
 
 • ••••• 
 
 viii li. xvi s. iiii d. ob. Inde de xv a 
 vii li. vi s. iiii d. ob. Et de ex¬ 
 cessu xxx s. 
 
 • • • 
 
 By thorp cum Vseby 
 
 lx s. iiii d. Inde [de] xv a 1 s. iiii d. 
 Et de excessu laborariorum x s. 
 
 • • « 
 
 Mylnethorp 
 
 «••••• 
 
 lxxiiii s. Inde [de] xv a lx s. viii d. 
 Et de excessu xiii s. iiii d. 
 
 • • • 
 
 Repyngale 
 
 • »»••• 
 
 xi li. x s. vi d. Inde de xv a xi li. 
 vi d. Et de excessu x s. 
 
 XV. Lincoln, Lindsey. 
 
 Third collection. 
 
 135/58- 
 
 Particule compoti Willelmi de Belesby, Gilberti Day et Wil- 
 lelmi Wasselyn, collectorum [etc.]. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 350* 
 
 Braddele. 
 
 ix li. xiv s. v d. Et totum de 
 denariis laborariorum per 
 breue domini Regis, 
 lxxviii s. ii d. Inde de denariis 
 laborariorum 1 s. iii d. de xv a 
 xxviii s. 
 
 cvii s. ii d. q. Inde de denariis 
 laborariorum xl s. de xv a 
 Ixvii s. ii d. q a . 
 de x a cxii s. x d. Inde de de¬ 
 nariis laborariorum. 
 xxxi s. i d. Inde de denariis 
 laborariorum xii s. de xv a 
 xix s. 
 
 xxiii s. ii d. Inde de denariis 
 laborariorum xii s. de xv a 
 xi s. ii d. 
 
 iiii li. xii s. vi d. ob. Inde de 
 denariis laborariorum xxv s. 
 de x a lvii s. vi d. ob. 
 
 Summa huius wappentachii xxxi li. xix s. iiii d. ob. 
 Inde de denariis laborariorum xvii li. xiii s. viii d. 
 
 (The above account lacks the wapentake of Hill, but in 
 135/72, a bundle of undated fragments, there is a loose mem¬ 
 brane containing an account for this wapentake, with the pen¬ 
 alties arranged exactly as in the above extract, evidently the 
 missing portion.) 
 
 Wappentachium de Hill. 
 
 ■ ••••••* 
 
 Summa xv e huius wappentachii xxiii li. iii s. iiii d. ob. 
 Inde de denariis laborariorum vi li. xiii s. vi d. 
 
 Breue De villata de 
 
 Grymesby de x a 
 
 De villata de Castre 
 de x a 
 
 De villata de South- 
 kellesey de x a 
 
 De villatis de Cade- 
 nay et Hansom 
 
 De villata de Gris- 
 seby de x a 
 
 De villata de Hat¬ 
 ton de x a 
 
 De villata de North- 
 kellesey de x a 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 351 
 
 * 
 
 XVI. | Middlesex. First collection. 
 
 141/19. 
 
 (Described in official catalogue as of doubtful date; either 
 Edw. Ill or H. VI. The note at end of account shows that it 
 belongs to this grant; while the total amount of penalties, as 
 well as the names of the collectors, as far as they can be de¬ 
 ciphered, are duplicated in Enrolled Subs., 14, for this col¬ 
 lection.) 
 
 Particule compoti- 1 Pounz et Simonis -- 
 
 Regi a laicis anno xxv to in comitatu Midd’ concessarum, vide¬ 
 licet, de-xv e et x e . 
 
 • ••••••• • 
 
 Hundredum de Oselneston. 
 
 De villata de Hakeneye 2 xiii li. xviii s. viii d. ob. 
 
 De villata de Fulham xi li. vii s. v d. 
 
 De villatis de Westsmeth- 
 efeld, Stokeneuton, Isel- 
 don, Fynesbury et Shor- 
 dich xviii li. ix s. q. 
 
 • ••••••• • 
 
 (Note at end:) 
 
 Infra quas summas continentur cxlvi li. iiii s. x d. de ex- 
 cessibus et finibus pro eisdem excessibus factis per diuersos 
 laborarios, operarios et artifices coram Iohanne Bray et sociis 
 suis iusticiariis ad inquirendum de diuersis feloniis et ad di¬ 
 uersos transgressiones et excessus laboratorum, artificum, serr 
 uitorum et ad alia in commissione Regis contenta audienda et 
 terminanda assignatis anno xxv t0 . De quibus respice in rotulo 
 sequenti. 
 
 Exchequer, K. R., Accounts, 110/34. 
 
 No heading. 
 
 Hundredum de Ouselston. 
 
 Item computantes liberauerunt Willelmo Salman et Nicholao 
 
 1 The blanks represent faded words. 
 
 s On the margin of the original the sums paid by individuals are noted. 
 
352 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 
 * 
 
 Forster, subcollectoribus xv e et x e villate de Hakeneye, in auxil- 
 ium solucionis predictarum xv e et x e eiusdem villate de finibus, 
 excessubus et amerciamentis laborariorum et aliorum artificum 
 in comitatu predicto forisfactis per indenturam cxviii s. v d. 
 
 Item liberauerunt Iohanni Dawe et Willelmo Knot, subcol¬ 
 lectoribus villate de Foulham, in auxilium solucionis earundem 
 xv e et x e de finibus et excessubus predictis per indenturam 
 1111 li. xvi s. vm d. 
 
 Item liberauerunt Petro atte Gate et Iohanni Flaunden, sub¬ 
 collectoribus villatarum de Westsmethefeld, Stokeneuton, Isel- 
 don, Fynesbury et Shordich de finibus et excessubus predictis 
 per indenturam vii li. xvi s. x d. 
 
 • *•••••• • 
 
 Summa hundredi lxii li. x s. vi d. 
 
 Summa totalis cxlvi li. iiii s. x d. 
 
 XVII. Norfolk. First collection. 
 
 149/33- 
 
 Particule compoti lohannis de Coleby, militis, Iohannis de 
 Plales, militis et Edmundi Noon, collectorum [etc.]. 1 
 
 Hundredum de Gildecross. 
 
 De Garboldesham 
 
 vm li. 
 
 tt 
 
 Snareshull 
 
 xl s. 
 
 tt 
 
 Kemhale 
 
 lxx s. 
 
 it 
 
 Estherling 
 
 vii li. 
 
 a 
 
 Ridelesworth 
 
 1111 li. 
 
 a 
 
 Lepham 
 
 cxii s. 
 
 tt 
 
 Catesthorp 
 
 1 s. 
 
 a 
 
 W estherling 
 
 lxx s. 
 
 a 
 
 Blouerton 
 
 1 s. 
 
 tt 
 
 Russheworth 
 
 1111 h. 
 
 tt 
 
 Quidenham 
 
 • • • • « * 
 1111 li. 
 
 tt 
 
 Banham 
 
 1111 li. 
 
 tt 
 
 Media Herling 
 
 xl s. 
 
 Summa hundredi lii li. xii s. 
 
 1 In this heading “ Edwardi tercii ” is mentioned. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 353 
 
 * 
 
 Particule compoti Iohannis de Colby, collectoris xv e et x mc 
 in comitatu NorfF, de denariis prouenientibus de excessibus 
 seruientium; operariorum et artificum, exitibus et amerciamentis 
 eorundem in comitatu predicto et liberatis diuersis villatis et 
 burgis in subuencionem xv e et x e vt inferius patet. 
 
 Appor- Villata de Qwydenham 
 tionment. Villata de Banham 
 
 Villata de Garboldesham 
 Villata de Lopham 
 Villata de Estherlyng 
 Villata de Westherlyng 
 Villata de Redelisworth 
 
 ix s. viii d. 
 
 xii d. 
 
 xv s. viii d. 
 
 viii d. 
 
 ♦ • • 
 
 111 s. 
 vi d. 
 
 ii s. vii d. ob. 
 
 XVIII. Norfolk. Second collection. 
 
 149/35- 
 
 NorfF De quindena, anno regni Regis Edwardi tercii a con- 
 questu xxvii mo . 
 
 Happingg. 
 
 Stalham 
 
 Catefelde 
 
 Hapisburgh 
 
 Horseye 
 
 Ludham 
 
 Potterehegham 
 
 ix li. Inde soluti de xv ft vi li. xix s. 
 vi d. et de excessu xx s. vi d. 
 
 vi li. xiiii s. Inde soluti de xv a vi li. 
 ix s. ix d. et de excessu iiii s. iii d. 
 
 ix li. x s. q a . Inde soluti de xv a viii li. 
 
 viii s. iii d. et de excessu iiii s. iii d. 
 xlviii s. iiii d. et de excessu nichil. 
 
 vii li. xv s. Inde soluti de xv a vii li. 
 vi s. et de excessu ix s. 
 
 cv s. Inde soluti de xv a ciiii s. iiii d. 
 et de excessu viii d. 
 
 Weppwade. 
 
 Bonewelle vi li. Inde soluti de xv a v li. xvii s. 
 
 iiii d. et de excessu xx d. 
 cxiiii s. Inde soluti de xv a cxii s. iiii d. 
 et de excessu xx d. 
 
 Multone 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 354* 
 
 Waketone xlvi s. viii d. Inde soluti de xv a xlv s. 
 
 et de excessu xii d. 
 
 • •••••••• 
 
 Strattone vi li. x s. Inde soluti de xv a vi li. iiii s. 
 
 et de excessu vi s. 
 
 (Note at end: Total penalties xxii li. xix s. x d. 
 
 Enrolled Subsidies, 14, shows a larger sum.) 
 
 XIX. Norfolk. Third collection. 
 
 149/34- 
 
 NorfF Particule compoti Hugonis Peuerel et Roberti del 
 Parke et sociorum suorum, collectorum [etc.]. 
 
 Lodne. 
 
 Loudene 
 
 x li. ix s. ix d. 
 
 Vnde de xv a x li. xxii d. ob. 
 de exitibus labararium vii s. 
 
 • 
 
 
 x d. ob. 
 
 Hardelee 
 
 lx s. 
 
 Vnde de xv a lvii s. ii d. q. 
 de labarariis ii s. ix d. ob. q. 
 
 Langele 
 
 cx s. ii d. 
 
 Vnde de xv a iiii li. v s. iiii d. q. 
 et de exitibus xxiiii s. ix d. 
 ob. q. 
 
 Mundham 
 
 cx s. vi d. 
 
 Vnde de xv a v li. ix s. 
 et de exitibus xviii d. 
 
 XX. Oxford. Third collection. 
 
 161/28. 
 
 Particule compoti Iohannis Crok, Iohannis Mundy de Wode- 
 stok et Iohannis de Croxford, collectorum [etc.]. 
 
 Hundredum de Thame. 
 
 Noua Thame 
 
 Villata de Tetesworth 
 
 Villata de Ascote 
 
 Villata de Morton et Atindon 
 
 H « • • • • • j 
 
 . 111 s. vin d. 
 lxxix s. iii d. 
 
 lv s. viii d. 
 
 ••••«• ••• • | 
 1111 li. xvni s. xi d. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 355 
 
 * 
 
 Villata de Midelton Magna et 
 Parua 
 
 Viljata de Waterstoke 
 Villata de Vetere Thame 
 Villata de Weston 
 
 viii li. ii s. x d. 
 
 m * • • • 4 
 
 s. 1111 d. 
 lxviii s. ix d. 
 liiii s. vi d. 
 
 Summa istius hundredi xxxviii li. 
 
 iii s. xi d. 
 
 161/30. 
 
 Apporcianacio hundredorum Pough, Dork, Thame et iiii or 
 hundredorum et dimidii Ciltr’ 1 facta anno xxviii 0 in alloca- 
 cionem x me et xv me eiusdem anni vt patet. 
 
 Hundredum de Thame. 
 
 Noua Thame 
 
 xl s. 
 
 Vetus Thame cum Prestend 
 
 xl s. 
 
 Waterstok 
 
 • • • 
 
 111 s. 
 
 Milton Magna 
 
 XV s. 
 
 Milton Parua 
 
 xl d. 
 
 Tettesworth 
 
 XXX s. 
 
 Weston 
 
 vi s. 
 
 Morton 
 
 • • • • 
 
 1111 s. 
 
 Attyndon 
 
 vi s. 
 
 Ascote 
 
 XV s. 
 
 Summa viii li. ii s. iiii d. 
 
 XXL $ Suffolk. Third collection. 
 
 180/26. 
 
 (Described in the official catalogue merely as belonging to 
 the reign of Edw. III. The note at the end as to penalties 
 proves the exact date; the amount of the penalties and the 
 names of the collectors being checked by Enrolled Subs., 14.) 
 
 SufF Particule compoti Willelmi de Russhebrok, Ricardi 
 Forester et Ricardi de Marchesham, collectorum xv e et x e tri- 
 ennalium Regi a laicis in comitatu SufF anno xxv t0 conces- 
 sarum de tercio anno solucionis earundem. 
 
 1 Chiltern Hundreds. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 Mutford. 
 
 Kessynglond 
 
 Pakefeld cum Kyrkele 
 
 Gyslyngham cum parte de 
 Risshenden 
 
 Mutford cum Barneby et 
 parte de Risshynden 
 Carleton 
 
 cviii s. vi d. ob. q. 
 
 Inde de excessu iiii s. vi d. 
 lx s. ii d. ob. 
 
 Inde de excessu iiii s. vi d. 
 lxim s. mi d. 
 
 Inde de excessu iiii s. vi d. 
 lxii s. 
 
 Inde de excessu iiii s. vi d. 
 Iiii s. 
 
 Inde de excessu iiii s. vi d. 
 
 Summa xvii li. vii s. i d. q. 
 Summa excessus xxii s. vi d. 
 
 (Note at end.) 
 
 Infra quas quidem summas continentur cxxv li. ii s. x d. 
 ob. q a . de denariis provenientibus de finibus, exitibus et amer- 
 ciamentis seruientium et aliorum artificum in comitatu predicto 
 sicut continentur in dicto rotulo de particulis xv e et x e predic- 
 tarum. 
 
 XXII. Warwick. Second collection. 
 
 192/16. 
 
 Warr Particule compoti Ricardi de Whitacre, Iohannis 
 de Vaal, Iohannis Comyn et Hugonis de Brandeston, 
 collectorum [etc.]. 
 
 Hundredum de Kyngton. 
 
 Walton Deyuill xli s. 
 
 Walton Mauduth xxxv s. 
 
 Wellesburn Hastang lx s. 
 
 Wellesburn Montford iiii li. 
 
 Warr’ 
 
 Aporcinacio de xlv li. ix s. ii d. de denariis prouenientibus 
 de diuersis finibus, exitibus et amerciamentis operariorum et 
 artificum pro excessu in comitatu Warr’ coram Iohanne Bote- 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 357* 
 
 tourt iusticiario et sociis suis ad huiusmodi excessus et trans- 
 gressiones assignats, per Ricardum de Whitacre, Iohannem de 
 Vaal, Hugonem de Braunceton et Iohannem Comyn, collectores 
 xv e et x e triennalium Regi a laicis anno xxv t0 concessarum de 
 secundo anno solucionis earundem et per auisamentum Wil- 
 lelmi de Spineto, lohannis de Conyngesbi, Willelmi Waldeyeue, 
 Willelmi Doddyngeseles, Roberti de Crowenhal, Roberti de 
 Wauere, lohannis de Vpton, Thome de Compton, lohannis 
 Bardolf, lohannis de Moul, Thome Mollyng, lohannis de Stan¬ 
 ford et aliorum dicti comitatus facta diuersis villatis subscripts 
 vnde predict iusticiarii pro vadiis suis nichil adhuc receperunt. 
 
 Hundredum Kyngton. 
 
 Villata de Walton Deuyle 
 Villata de Walton Maudyt 
 Villata de Wellesbourn Hastang 
 Villata de Wellesbourn Montford 
 
 XXIII. Worcester. Second collection. 
 
 200/15. 
 
 Particule compoti Thome de Luttelton, lohannis de Sidyn- 
 ton, Edmundi de Dunclent, collectorum [etc.]. 
 
 Wygorn’ 
 
 xx li. 
 
 Holte et Wyttele 
 
 lxxi s. iii d. 
 
 Elmeley Beauchaump 
 
 lxii s. viii d. 
 
 Kemeseye cum membris 
 
 cvii s. iiii d. 
 
 Bredon 
 
 xlin s. vin d. 
 
 Herdewyk 
 
 xlv s. viii d. 
 
 Apporcinacio de lviii li. xiii s. x d. facta die Martis proximo 
 post festum Circumcisionis Domini anno regni Regis Edwardi 
 tercii xxviii 0 coram Waltero de Schakenhurst et sociis suis 
 iusticiariis domini Regis per sacramentum Edmundi Dunkelent 
 et sociorum suorum, collectorum x e et xv e domino Regi a laicis 
 concessarum, Thome Foliot, lohannis Beuchaumpe, Rogeri 
 Bessopeston, Edmundi de Brugg, Ricardi Ruyhale, Philippi 
 
 • • • • 
 
 1111 s. 
 
 • • • 
 
 111 s. 
 
 • • • 
 
 111 s. 
 
 • ••• •••« -f 
 
 1111 s. 1111 d. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 358 * 
 
 Spechesleye, Iohannis Kekyngwych, Alexandri de Besford, Ri- 
 cardi de Reodyng, Willelmi Spechesleye, Willelmi de Stone, Io¬ 
 hannis Spenser, Iohannis de la Mare, Simonis Gros, Thome 
 Tolwardye, Rogeri Porter, Thome de Burton, Ricardi Farmon, 
 Iohannis de Gretton, Iohannis de Hamburi, Willelmi Broun, 
 Willelmi de Melynton, Iohannis Wuybbe, Henrici Wynturnold 
 et Thome de Abyndon, ad hoc per communitatem 1 comitatus 
 ad hoc electorum et ordinatorum, et per auisionem Walteri de 
 Schakenhurst et Rogeri de Brugg, iusticiariorum domini Regis 
 ad inquirendum de seruientibus, operariis, victualariis, artific- 
 ibus in comitatu predicto per communitatem comitatus predicti. 
 Que quadam apporcinacio facta est modo subscripto, videlicet: 
 
 Wygorn’ 
 
 Holt et Wytteleye 
 
 Elmeleye Beauchaumpe 
 
 Kemesseye 
 
 Breoton 
 
 Herdwyk 
 
 cx s. 
 
 xxiii s. iii d. 
 xii s. viii d. 
 v s. iiii d. 
 dimidia marca. 
 xi s. iiii d. 
 
 (Endorsement.) 
 
 Summa totalis distribucionis huius comitatus particulariter 
 per villatas lv li. vii s. x d. Et debent xl s. qui eis non debent 
 allocari per consideracionem baronum prout patet in hoc rotulo 
 infra, vbi proponitur et cancellatur per barones. 
 
 XXIV. York, E. R. Second collection. 
 
 202/52. 
 
 Particule compoti Roberti Twyere, Iohannis de Cotom, Ge- 
 ardi de Grimmeston, collectorum [etc.]. 
 
 Waxham xxxix s. Inde de xv a xxv s. viii d. 
 
 Et de excessu laborariorum xiii s. 
 v d. 
 
 Loset cum Parua Kelk xx s. Inde de xv a xii s. vi d. Et 
 
 de excessu laborariorum vii s. v d. 
 
 X MS. comitatem. 
 
DOCUMENTS , LASTS TABLES 359 * 
 
 Thorne Gumbald 
 
 Wynested 
 
 Bounwyh 
 
 Burgi. 
 
 Hedon 
 
 Rauenserod 
 
 xli s. Inde de xv a xxi s. Et de ex- 
 cessu laborariorum xx s. 
 xlv s. Inde de xv a xxxv s. Et de 
 excessu laborariorum x s. 
 xviii s. Inde de xv a iiii s. vi d. Et 
 de excessu laborariorum xiii s. vi d. 
 
 x li. xiii s. iiii d. Inde de xv a vi li. 
 v s. Et de excessu laborariorum 
 lxxv s. 
 
 c s. Inde de xv a xl s. Et de ex¬ 
 cessu laborariorum lx s. 
 
 XXV. York, E. R. Third collection. 
 
 202/53. 
 
 (The heading is somewhat misleading.) 
 
 Compotus Gerardi de Grymmeston et Iohannis Burton, col- 
 lectorum x e et xv e tercii anni triennalium domino Regi vltime 
 a laicis concessarum in Estrythingo in comitatu Ebor’, anno 
 regni Regis Edwardi tercii post conquestum Anglie xxviii 0 , 
 videlicet, de tercio anno solucionis earundem. 
 
 Bukross. 
 
 Estheslarton xxxiii s. Inde de excessu laborariorum 
 
 ••• • • • • « 
 
 xm s. 1111 d. 
 
 Multhorp xxx s. Inde de excessu laborariorum 
 
 xvi s. 
 
 Kirkeby xxxviii s. Inde de excessu laborari¬ 
 
 orum xv s. 
 
 Dugleby xxxiiii s. Inde de excessu laborariorum 
 
 xvi s. 
 
 Neuton iuxta | xxxii s. vi d. Inde de excessu labor- 
 Wynteryngham j ariorum xvi s. iii d. 
 
 Norton xxxiiii s. Inde de excessu laborariorum 
 
 xvi s. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 360 * 
 
 XXVI. % York, N. R. Third collection. 
 
 211/24. 
 
 (Described in official catalogue as a grant of the 25th year 
 of Edw. Ill because of character; but as collected in the 26th 
 year. The heading and the amount of the penalties prove that 
 this latter date is erroneous.) 
 
 Particule compoti Willelmi Lassels pro se, Thoma de Eton 
 de Gyllyng, Christofero Mallore et Willelmo de Holthorp, col¬ 
 lector ibus xv e et x e triennalium Regi a laicis in Northerithingo 
 in comitatu Ebor’ anno xxv t0 concessarum, per breue Regis 
 patens de xxvi t0 die Ianuarii anno xxviii°, videlicet, de tercio 
 anno solucionis earundem. 
 
 Bradford. 
 
 W elbergh 
 
 Estherlsay 
 
 Parua Silton 
 
 Silton Paynell 
 Keppwyk 
 Couesby 
 Kyrkebyknoll 
 
 xxiiii s. Inde in subuencionem xv e et x e 
 de finibus, exitibus et amerciamentis 
 operariorum vi d. 
 
 xxvi s. viii d. Inde in subuencionem xv e 
 et x e de finibus, exitibus et amercia¬ 
 mentis operariorum ii s. 
 
 xvii s. Inde in subuencionem xv e et x e 
 
 de finibus, exitibus et amerciamentis 
 
 operariorum xiii s. 
 
 xx s. Inde in subuencionem xv e et x e de 
 finibus, exitibus et amerciamentis oper¬ 
 ariorum xii s. vi d. 
 
 xxviii s. Inde in subuencionem xv e et x e 
 de finibus, exitibus et amerciamentis 
 
 operariorum vi s. 
 
 xviii s. Inde in subuencionem xv e et x e 
 
 de finibus, exitibus et amerciamentis 
 
 operariorum x s. ii d. 
 
 xiii s. Inde in subuencionem xv* et x e 
 de finibus, exitibus et amerciamentis 
 
 operariorum xii d. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 361 * 
 
 (Note at end.) 
 
 Infra quas quidem summas continentur xv li. xiii s. vii d. 
 de finibus, elritibus et amerciamentis seruientium,. 
 
 Extracte finium, seruientum et artificum liberate per Tho- 
 mam de Seton collectoribus de Northrithingo in comitatu 
 Ebor’. 1 
 
 Villa de Welbergh. 
 
 De Cristiana Scot quia cepit contra statutum per ple- 
 gium Roberti Attounend et Iohannis atte Style, vi d. 
 Summa vi d. 
 
 Summa xv e xxiiii s. Et sic deficiunt xxiii s. vi d. 
 
 Villa de Estherlesay. 
 
 De Willelmo Couherd quia cepit contra statutum per 
 plegium Roberti, filii Stephani, et Nicholai de Scotton. 
 xii d. 
 
 De Nicholao de Scotton pro eodem per plegium predic¬ 
 tum. xii d. 
 
 Summa ii s. 
 
 Summa xv e xxvi s. viii d. 
 
 Et sic deficiunt xxiiii s. viii d. 
 
 Villa de Parua Silton . . Summa xiii s. Summa xv e xvii 
 
 s. Et sic deficiunt iiii s. 
 
 Villa de Silton Paynel . . Summa xii s. vi d. Summa xv e 
 
 xx s. Et sic deficiunt vii s. vi d. 
 Villa de Kepewyk .... Summa vi s. Summa xv e xxviii 
 
 s. Et sic deficiunt xxii s. 
 
 • •••••••• 
 
 Summa totalis istius rotuli xix li. iii d. Et sic deducte ex¬ 
 pense iusticiariorum, videlicet, lxvi s. viii d. 
 
 Et sic remanent xv li. xiii s. vii d. 
 
 formerly Exchequer, K. R., Accounts, 110/24, but'Miss Martin re¬ 
 ports that the document is broken up and not yet re-arranged; there¬ 
 fore no reference can be given. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 362 * 
 
 XXVII. York, W. R. Second collection. 
 
 206/27. 
 
 Particule compoti Willelmi, filii Thome de Deyuill, Willelmi 
 
 de Derley et sociorum suorum, collectorum. 
 
 . . . . in partibus de Westrithing anno xxv to concessarum, 
 
 videlicet, de secundo anno solucionis earundem. 
 
 Wapentachium de Barkeston. 
 
 Villata de Shirburn 
 
 vi li. 
 
 - 
 
 Villata de Tolleston 
 
 xviii 
 
 s. 
 
 Villata de Cawode 
 
 • • • • < • 
 1111 li. 
 
 X s. 
 
 Villata de Birkyn 
 
 xxiiii 
 
 s. 
 
 Villata de Mikelfeld 
 
 xxvi 
 
 s. 
 
 Villata de Kyrkeby 
 
 XV s. 
 
 
 Inde xv a iiii li. x s. 
 
 Et de excessu laborari- 
 orum xxx s. 
 
 Inde xv a ix s. 
 
 Et de excessu laborari- 
 orum ix s. 
 
 Inde xv a 1 s. 
 
 Et de excessu laborari- 
 orum xl s. 
 
 Inde xv a xvii s. 
 
 Et de excessu laborari- 
 orum vii s. 
 
 Inde xv a xiii s. 
 
 Et de excessu laborari- 
 orum xiii s. 
 
 Inde xv a xii s. vi d. 
 
 Et de excessu laborari- 
 orum ii s. vi d. 
 
 XXVIII. % York, W. R. Third collection. 
 
 206/26. No heading. 
 
 (Described in official catalogue as belonging to one of the 
 triennial grants of Edw. Ill, either of the 22nd or of the 25th 
 year; decision from character merely. The reference to the 
 penalties proves conclusively that it is the grant of the 25th 
 year; and since for the first collection, Enrolled Subs., 14 re¬ 
 ports that there were no estreats, and since 206/27 is clearly 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 363 * 
 
 for the second collection, it follows that this account is for 
 the third collection.) 
 
 * 
 
 Wappentachium de Barkeston. 
 
 De villata de Saxton lx s. 
 
 Inde xv a liii s. 
 
 Et de excessu labor- 
 
 De villata de Richere 
 
 ii marce. 
 
 ariorum vii s. 
 
 Inde xv a xxiiii s. viii d. 
 Et de excessu labor- 
 
 De villata de Toueton 
 
 lx s. vii d. 
 
 ariorum ii s. 
 
 Inde xv a lvi s. vii d. 
 Et de excessu labor- 
 
 De villata de Clifford 
 
 xxxii s. 
 
 ariorum iiii s. 
 
 Inde xv a xxxi s. 
 
 Et de excessu labor- 
 
 De villata de Whistowe 
 
 cvi s. viii d. 
 
 ariorum xii d. 
 
 Inde xv* ciiii s. viii d. 
 Et de excessu labor- 
 
 De villata de Sutton 
 
 XXXV s. 
 
 ariorum ii s. 
 
 Inde xv a xxv s. 
 
 Et de excessu labor- 
 
 De villata de Stutton 
 
 ii marce. 
 
 ariorum x s. 
 
 Inde xv* xxv s. viii d. 
 
 Et de excessu labor- 
 ariorum xii d. 
 
 5. Extracts from Accounts, K. R. } Close Rolls, Memoranda 
 Rolls and Pipe Rolls. ( Cf . pt. 1, ch. iii, 2, A.) 
 
 Memoranda Roll, L. T. R., no. 120. 
 
 Adhuc Breuia retornabilia de termino Sancte Trinitatis 
 anno xxix Regis Edwardi; rot. 6. 
 
 Salop’ 
 
 Rex dilecto et fideli suo Iohanni de Cherleton et sociis suis 
 iusticiariis ad transgressiones et excessus operariorum, seruien- 
 tum et artificum in comitatu Salop’ puniendos assignatis, salu- 
 
364* 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 tem. Mandamus vobis quod omnes extractas finium, exces- 
 suum, exituum et amerciamentorum dictorum operariorum, 
 seruientum et artificum coram vobis adiudicatorum penes vos 
 adhuc remanentes et collectoribus xv e et x e triennalium nobis 
 a laicis anno xxv to concessarum in comitatu predicto minime 
 liberatas, habeatis siue mittatis sub sigillis vestris vel vnius 
 vestrum ad scaccarium nostrum apud Westmonasterium in 
 octabis Sancti Michaelis thesaurario et baronibus eiusdem scac- 
 carii ibidem liberandas, vt execucio pro finibus, excessubus, 
 exitibus et amerciamentis illis leuandis ad opus nostrum celer- 
 iter fiat prout decet. 
 
 Teste thesaurario, xviii 0 die Iulii. Per rotulum compotorum 
 de taxacionibus vbi annotatur quod predicti collectores compu- 
 tarunt de tercio anno solucionis xv e et x e predictarum et per 
 Originalia de annis xxv t0 et xxviii 0 quoad nomina iusticia- 
 riorum. 
 
 Ad quern diem predictus Iohannes vobis respondit quod non 
 se intromisit de aliqua sessione iusticiariorum virtute alicuius 
 commissionis Regis sibi facte prout supponitur in isto breui. 
 Ideo nulle extracte finium, exituum et amerciamentorum penes 
 se remanent vobis liberande. 
 
 (Similar writs to justices of labourers in many other coun¬ 
 ties.) 
 
 Memoranda Roll, L. T. R., no. 123. 
 
 Adhuc Communia de termino Sancte Trinitatis anno xxxii 0 
 Regis Edwardi tercii post conquestum. Adhuc Recorda; 
 rot. 5. 
 
 Hereford’ De extractis liberandis per Willelmum Frome et 
 
 alios. 
 
 Preceptum fuit vicecomiti Hereford’ per breue datum se- 
 cundo die Maii hoc anno quod distringeret Willelmum de 
 Frome, Iohannem del Oldecastel et Hugonem de Monyton, 
 iusticiarios ad excessus operariorum, seruientum et artificum in 
 comitatu predicto puniendos assignatos, per terras et catalla sua; 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 365 * 
 
 ita quod de exitibus etc. et quod haberet corpora eorum hie 
 modo in crastino Sancti lohannis Baptiste ad liberandum hie 
 omnes extractas finium, exituum et amerciamentorum coram 
 ipsis iusticiariis in sessionibus suis iusticiarie Regis predicte 
 adiudicatorum, pretextu, videlicet, commissionis Regis eis inde 
 facte, cuius tenor irrotulatur in Originalibus de anno xxix m0 
 Regis nunc. 
 
 Et ad dictum crastinum predicti Willelmus, Iohannes et 
 Hugo non venerunt. Set quidam Griffinus le Walssh venit et 
 liberauit hie quendam rotulum continentem quatuor membra tit- 
 ulatum sic Extracte finium, exituum et amerciamentorum foris- 
 factorum coram Willelmo de Frome et sociis suis iusticiariis 
 domini Regis ad ordinaciones et statuta de operariis, seruien- 
 tibus et artificibus ac eciam de ponderibus et mensuris in comi- 
 tatu Hereford’ assignatis anno xxx mo et xxxi mo intrante. Super 
 quo habita deliberacione quia in rubeo libro huius scaccarii 
 residente in custodia rememoratoris Regis folio xl mo sub titulo 
 Ex quibus summoniciones fiant inter cetera scribitur quod 
 caueant iudices vt correctos rotulos thesaurario liberent etc. 
 et non constat curie hie vtrum dicte extracte per dictum Grif¬ 
 fith sic liberate sint vere et factum dictorum iusticiariorum 
 necne, concordatum est quod ipsi iusticiarii distringantur vt 
 prius ad liberandum hie extractas etc. vel ad aduocandum dictas 
 extractas per dictum Griffith liberatas tanquam veras et bonas 
 etc. Et preceptum est vicecomiti Hereford’ sicut pluries quod 
 distringat dictos iusticiarios per terras etc., ita etc. in crastino 
 Sancti Michaelis. Et interim dicte extracte per dictum Griffith 
 liberate remanent in custodia huius rememoratoris non summon- 
 ite nec execute. Postea, videlicet, xxiiii die Nouembris dicto 
 anno xxxii°, predicti iusticarii venerunt per Iohannem de Stret- 
 ton et Stephanum de Lugwardyn, attornatos suos, et liberarunt 
 hie extractas predictas tanquam bonas et veras quas pro talibus 
 aduocarunt in omni euentu; que quidem extracte liberantur 
 Willelmo de Wellom, clerico extractarum hie in scaccario sum- 
 moniende prout etc. 1 
 
 1 CL app., 173. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 366 * 
 
 Memoranda Roll, L. T. R., no. 121. 
 
 Adhuc Communia de termino Pasche anno xxx mo Regis 
 Edwardi tercii. Adhuc Recorda; rot. 7. 
 
 Northumbr’ De Henrico de Percy et aliis attachiatis pro ex¬ 
 tracts de seruientibus liberandis ad scaccarium. 
 
 Comperto in quodam rotulo de extractis commissionum de 
 audiendo et terminando in cancellaria Regis nunc de diuersis 
 annis quod Henricus de Percy, Iohannes de Stryuelyn, Willel- 
 mus de Felton, Willelmus Basset, Iohannes Fenwyk, Thomas 
 de Fencotes et Robertus de Tughale assignati fuerunt per literas 
 Regis patentes de magno sigillo datas xv° die Marcii anno 
 xxv to iusticiarii ad pacem et ad statuta apud Wyntoniam et 
 Norhamtoniam pro conseruacione pacis edita necnon ad stat- 
 utum et ordinacionem de seruientibus in comitatu Northumbr , 
 custodienda et ad delinquentes in hac parte puniendos iuxta 
 formam statutorum et ordinacionis predictorum, preceptum fuit 
 vicecomiti dicti comitatus Northumbr’ quod distringeret pre- 
 dictos Henricum de Percy et socios suos iusticiarios per terras 
 etc., ita quod haberet corpora eorum hie in crastino Ascensionis 
 Domini hoc termino ad liberandum hie extractas finium, exi- 
 tuum, amerciamentorum et excessuum coram eisdem iusticiariis 
 adiudicatorum 1 post festum Sancti Michaelis anno xxviii 0 ; ad 
 quod festum xv a et x a triennales Regi a laicis anno xxv t0 con- 
 cesse cessabant et a quo festo huiusmodi fines, exitus, amer- 
 ciamenta et excessus adiudicati leuari debent ad opus Regis, 
 sicut continetur in predictis statuto et ordinacione de seruien¬ 
 tibus etc. 
 
 Et ante dictum crastinum Ascensionis Domini, Henricus de 
 Percy optulit se vt filium et heredem dicti Henrici de Percy ac 
 executorem testamenti eiusdem per Radulfum de Hull, attor- 
 natum suum, Iohannes de Stryuelyn per Adam de Esshete, 
 attornatum suum, et dictus Robertus de Tughale in propria 
 persona sua; et dicunt quod huiusmodi extractas liberare non 
 possunt; dicunt enim quod dictus Henricus iam defunctus et 
 
 1 MS. adiucatorum. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 367* 
 
 ipsi Iohannes de Stryuelyn et Robertus de Tughale simul cum 
 sociis suis predictis virtute dictarum patencium que tunc reman- 
 serunt penes v "ipsum Henricum, patrem Henrici, et adhuc rema¬ 
 nent penes dictum Henricum, filium suum, legere et publicare 
 fecerunt patentes illas in pleno comitatu illo et punire nitebantur 
 seruientes iuxta formam statuti et ordinacionis predictorum, et 
 venit coram eis communitas comitatus illius et asseruit quod 
 seruientes pro maiori parte commorantes in eodem comitatu 
 erant de terra Scocie, et si per districcionem iuxta vim et 
 effectum dicte ordinacionis ponerentur ad minora stipendia 
 quam de propria voluntate sua capere vellent, statim facerent 
 deperdaciones, incendia et homicidia et alia dampna quamplu- 
 rima et ad dictas partes Scocie remearent et sic propter huius- 
 modi mala euitanda et propter defectum seruientum Angli- 
 corum qui morebantur in pestilencia precedenti, videlicet, anno 
 xxiii 0 , de communi assensu omnium dictorum iusticiariorum in 
 dictis patentibus nominatorum et tocius communitatis comitatus 
 predicti supersederunt vlteriori execucioni faciende de patent¬ 
 ibus predictis, petentes ex causis illis quod districcioni sibi facte 
 pro liberacione huiusmodi extractarum supersedeatur. Super 
 quo, curia vult deliberare quid inde antequam vlterius etc. Ideo 
 dictum est eis quod expectent hie de die in diem quousque etc. 
 Postea adiornantur vlterius in statu quo nunc vsque octabas 
 Sancti Michaelis. Ad quern diem predicti Henricus de Percy 
 et Iohannes de Stryuelyn per dictos attornatos suos et dictus 
 Robertus de Tughale per Iohannem de Wodehous, attornatum 
 suum, veniunt et adiornantur vlterius in statu quo nunc vsque 
 octabas Sancti Hillarii. 
 
 Ad quern diem predicti Henricus, Iohannes de Stryuelyn et 
 Robertus veniunt per dictos attornatos suos et adiornantur 
 vlterius in statu quo nunc vsque a die Pasche in xv dies. Ad 
 quern diem tarn predicti Henricus de Percy, Iohannes Stryuelyn 
 et Robertus de Tughale per dictos attornatos suos quam pre¬ 
 dicti Willelmus de Felton, Iohannes de Fenwyk et Thomas de 
 Fencotes veniunt et dicunt prout dicti Henricus, Iohannes et 
 Robertus prius dixerant quod supersederunt execucioni faciende 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 368* 
 
 de predictis patentibus ex causis premissis de communi assensu 
 omnium ipsorum iusticiariorum et communitatis tocius dicti 
 comitatus Northumbr’; ita quod nulle extracte penes ipsos 
 iusticiarios vel aliquem eorundem remanent pretextu patencium 
 predictorum. Ideo ipsi Henricus, filius Henrici, Iohannes de 
 Stryuelyn, Robertus de Tughale, Willelmus de Felton, Iohannes 
 de Fenwvk et Thomas de Fencotes inde sine die. 
 
 Memoranda Roll, K. R., no. 132. 
 
 Adhuc Breuia directa baronibus de termino Sancti Hillarii 
 anno xxx mo Regis Edwardi tercii; rot. 7. 
 
 Pro Radulfo de Middelnye. 
 
 Rex thesaurario et baronibus suis de scaccario, salutem. 
 Mandamus vobis quod dilecto et fideli nostro Radulfo de Mid¬ 
 delnye, vni iusticiariorum nostrorum ad ordinacionem et stat- 
 utum de operariis, seruientibus et artificibus in comitatu Som¬ 
 erset’ custodiendos assignatorum, decern libras per annum pro 
 vadiis suis et clerici sui pro anno proxime preterito, si per 
 annum integrum iuxta formam statuti predicti ad hoc inten- 
 debat vel ratam decern librarum pro tempore quo circa pre- 
 missa in comitatu predicto intenderit, de exitibus extractarum 
 finium, redempcionum et exituum forisfactorum de sessione 
 ipsorum iusticiariorum prouenientibus, videlicet, de finibus, re- 
 dempcionibus et exitibus tarn ad magnates et alios virtute 
 libertatum eis per nos et progenitores nostros concessarum et 
 per ipsos vsitatarum quam ad nos pertinentibus, per vicecomi- 
 tem comitatus predicti solui et habere faciatis. 
 
 Teste me ipso, apud Baumburgh, xi die Februarii anno regni 
 nostri Anglie tricesimo, regni vero nostri Francie decimo 
 septimo. 
 
 (Enrolled, Claus., 30, m. 23; under date of 10 Feb.) 
 
 Rotuli Literarum Clausarum, 30 Edw. Ill, m. 13. 
 
 Rex vicecomiti Somerset’, salutem. Precipimus tibi quod 
 dilecto et fideli nostro Radulfo de Middelneye, vni iusticia- 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 369* 
 
 riorum nostrorum ad ordinacionem et statutum de operariis, 
 seruientibus et artificibus in comitatu Somerset’ custodienda 
 . assignatorum, videlicet, a festo Sancti Michaelis anno regni 
 nostri Anglie vicesimo octauo si extunc circa contenta in com- 
 missione nostra sibi et sociis suis de premissis facta per vnum 
 annum intenderit, decern libras et si minori tempore a dicto 
 festo Sancti Michaelis dictum officium excercuerit, tunc iuxta 
 ratam decern librarum per annum de exitibus extractarum fol¬ 
 ium, redempcionum et exituum forisfactorum de sessione ius- 
 ticiarie predicte prouenientibus solui et habere facias. 
 
 Teste Rege, apud Westmonasterium, xxx die Maii. 
 
 Memoranda Roll, L. T. R., no. 122. 
 
 Adhuc Hillarii Precepta, anno xxxi mo , rot. 4. 
 
 Somerset’ et Dorset’. 
 
 Precepta facta super compotum Iohannis de Sancto Lando, 
 nuper vicecomitis, computantis hie modo in crastino Sancti Hil¬ 
 larii de toto anno xxx m0 , Ricardo Tuberuill iam vicecomite 
 
 presenti, per Iohannem Doo attornatum suum. 
 
 . debet . 
 
 xx libras quas de finibus et exitibus operariorum, seruientum 
 et artificum, de quibus finibus et exitibus oneratur infra sum- 
 
 mam suam predictam. 
 
 et x libras quas de consimilibus finibus et exitibus soluit Ra- 
 dulfo Midelnye pro vadiis suis de predicto anno xxviii 0 1 per 
 breue Regis et literas acquietancie ipsius Radulfi de recepcione. 
 
 Memoranda Roll, K. R., no. 135. 
 
 Adhuc Breuia directa baronibus de termino Sancti Mich¬ 
 aelis, anno xxxiii 0 ; rot. 28. 
 
 Pro vicecomite Somerset’ 
 
 Rex thesaurario et baronibus suis de scaccario, salu- 
 
 1 As Midelnye's year began Mich., 28 Edw. Ill, it really included a 
 large part of the 29th year. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 370* 
 
 tem. Cum nuper per diuersa breuia nostra preciperimus 
 vicecomiti nostro Somerset’ quod dilectis et fidelibus 
 nostris Radulfo de Midelneye, Edmundo de Cliueden, 
 Iohanni Hugon et Waltero de Rodeneye, iusticiariis nos¬ 
 tris in dicto comitatu ad inquirendum de seruientibus, 
 operariis et artificibus, videlicet, Radulfo de Middelneye 
 pro se et clerico suo decern libras, Edmundo de Cliueden 
 pro se et clerico suo decern libras, Iohanni Hugon decern 
 marcas a festo Sancti Michaelis anno regni nostri Anglie 
 vicesimo octauo, et Waltero de Rodeneye decern marcas 
 pro anno regni nostri Anglie tricesimo, pro vadiis et 
 expensis suis si circa contenta in commissionibus nos¬ 
 tris eis de premissis factis per annum ilium intendisset 
 ac sessiones suas per quadraginta dies per annum fecis- 
 sent iuxta ratam temporis et summarum predictarum de 
 exitibus extractarum finium et redempcionum et exituum 
 forisfactorum de sessionibus iusticiarie predicte prouen- 
 ientibus solui et habere faceret, vobis mandamus quod 
 visis breuibus ac literis acquietancie in hac parte factis, 
 summas quas vobis constare poterit dilectum et fidelem 
 nostrum lohannem de Sancto Lando, tunc vicecomitem 
 nostrum comitatus predicti, prefatis Radulfo, Edmundo, 
 Iohanni et Waltero virtute mandatorum nostrorum pre- 
 dictorum racionabiliter soluisse, eidem Iohanni de Sancto 
 Lando in compoto suo ad scaccarium predictum allo- 
 cetis, recipientes a prefato Iohanne de Sancto Lando 
 breuia et literas acquietancie supradicta. 
 
 Teste me ipso, apud Westmonasterium, xxvi die No- 
 uembris anno regni nostri Anglie tricesimo secundo, 
 regni vero nostri Francie decimo nono. 
 alio- Hoc breue allocatur in Magno Rotulo de anno xxxii° 
 catur. in Item Somerset’. 1 
 
 1 Cf. pt. 1, ch. iii, s. 2, A. 
 
DOCUMENTS , LISTS AND TABLES 371 * 
 
 Pipe Roll, 203, 32 Edw. III. 
 
 Somerset’ t et Dorset’. Noua Oblata. 
 
 • •»•«•••• 
 
 Et Radulfo de Middelnye, Edmundo de Clyuedon, 
 Iohanni Hugon et Waltero de Rodeneye, iusticiariis 
 Regis in comitatu Somerset’ ad inquirendum de ser- 
 uientibus, operariis et artificibus, pro vadiis suis circa 
 premissa facienda annis xxix et xxx, videlicet, prefato 
 Radulfo x libras pro anno xxix, prefato Edmundo xx 
 libras pro annis xxix et xxx, predicto Iohanni x marcas 
 pro anno xxix, et prefato Waltero x marcas pro dicto 
 anno xxx; xliii libras vi s. viii d. per breue Regis irro- 
 tulatum in Memorandis de anno xxxiii Regis huius 
 termino Michaelis et literas patentes ipsorum Radulfi, 
 Edmundi, Iohannis et Walteri de recepcione. 
 
 Exchequer, K. R., Accounts, 110/14. 
 
 m. 1. Fines, exitus et amerciamenta coram Hugone de Aston 
 et sociis suis iusticiariis ad ordinacionem et statutum de 
 operariis, artificibus et seruitoribus in villa de Couentre 
 custodienda assignatis, anno regni Edwardi Regis Anglie 
 tercii a conquestu vicesimo nono. 
 
 De Adam Liourmaker pro fine facto pro ex- 
 cessu, per plegium Roberti de Lapworth et Wil- 
 lelmi de Burton, xviii d. 
 
 De Adam Bataile pro eodem, per plegium Ro¬ 
 berti de Lapworth, vi d. 
 
 De Ricardo de Leycestre pro eodem, per plegium 
 Guidonis de Stone, vi d. 
 
 De Thoma de Stoke pro eodem, per plegium 
 Ade de Yerdeleye, ii s. 
 
 De Alicia Stryngere pro eodem, per plegium Ro¬ 
 berti de Lapworth, vi d. 
 
 De Iohanne, filio eiusdem Alicie, pro eodem, per 
 plegium predicti Roberti, vi d. 
 
372 * 
 
 In Rotulo 
 xxix 0 sub 
 nomine 
 hominum 
 ville 
 
 Couentr’ 
 in summa. 
 
 m. 2 d. 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 De Alicia, filia eiusdem Alicie, pro eodem, per 
 plegium predicti Roberti, vi d. 
 
 De Alicia, vxore Willelmi Saym, pro eodem, per 
 plegium predicti Roberti, vi d. 
 
 De Iuliana, vxore Ricardi le Paueour, pro 
 eodem, per plegium predicti Roberti, vi d. 
 
 De Iohanne Ters pro eodem, per plegium Ri¬ 
 cardi Beler, xii d. 
 
 De Margareta, vxore Rogeri le Horner, pro 
 eodem, per plegium Roberti de Lapworth, vi d. 
 
 De Iohanna Bagot pro eodem, per plegium 
 Rogeri lade et Rogeri Smyth, vi d. 
 
 De Iohanne Netmaker et Isabella, vxore eius, 
 pro eodem, per plegium Roberti de Lapworth, xii d. 
 
 De Iohanne de Colleshull pro eodem, per ple¬ 
 gium Willelmi Smyth, xl d. 
 
 De Iohanne de Warrewyk et Matillde, vxore 
 eius, pro eodem, per plegium Willelmi de Bur¬ 
 ton, vi d. 
 
 De Iohanne Sexteyn pro eodem, per plegium 
 Roberti de Lapworth, xii d. 
 
 De Iohanna, vxore Henrici Wyrdrawere, per 
 plegium Iohannis Mareschal, iiii d. 
 
 De Iohanna, vxore Iohannis Bladesmyth, per 
 plegium Roberti de Lapworth, iiii d. 
 
 De Willelmo Twycros pro eodem, per plegium 
 Willelmi Smyth, iiii d. 
 
 De Henrico Forsmyter et Isabella, vxore eius, 
 pro eodem, per plegium Thome de Bretford, vi d. 
 
 De Willelmo Cook atte Whiteseler pro assisa 
 servisie fracta, per plegium Henrici Dilkock, ii s. 
 
 In Rotulo xxix 0 homine 1 ville Couentre in 
 summa, vi li. i d. 
 
 instead of “sub nomine hominum.’’ 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 373 * 
 
 Fines, exitus et amerciamenta coram I-Iugone de Aston et 
 sociis suis iusticiariis domini Regis ad pacem Regis nec non 
 .ad statuta apud Wyntoniam et Norhamptoniam pro conser- 
 uacione eiusdem pacis edita in omnibus et singulis suis articulis 
 in villa de Couentre custodienda et custodiri facienda assignatis, 
 a festo Sancti Bartholomei apostoli anno regni Edwardi Regis 
 Anglie tercii a conquestu vicesimo octauo vsque ad festum 
 Natiuitatis Sancti Iohannis Baptiste anno regni eiusdem Regis 
 Anglie vicesimo nono. 
 
 (i2 entries.) 
 
 Has duas cedulas liberauit hie Hugo de Aston, vnus iusticia- 
 riorum infrascriptorum, ix die Iulii anno xxix Regis Edwardi 
 tercii post conquestum, et summoniti fuerunt xvii die Iulii 
 - 1 mensis. 
 
 6 . Extracts from Accounts, K. R., Memoranda Rolls, Patent 
 Rolls and Pipe Rolls. ( Cf . pt. I, ch. iii, 2, B.) 
 
 Memoranda Roll, K. R., no. 133. 
 
 Adhuc Breuia directa baronibus de termino Sancti Mich- 
 aelis anno xxxi 0 Regis Edwardi tercii; rot. 8. 
 
 Pro Simone archiepiscopo Cantuariensi. 
 
 Rex thesaurario et baronibus suis de scaccario, salutem. 
 Cum nuper per cartam nostram concesserimus bone memorie 
 Iohanni de Stretford, tunc archiepiscopo Cantuariensi, quod 
 ipse et successores sui habeant imperpetuum omnes fines pro 
 transgressionibus et aliis debitis quibuscumque et eciam fines 
 pro licencia concordandi ac omnia amerciamenta, redempeiones 
 et exitus forisfactos ac forisfacturas, annum, diem et vastum et 
 streppum et omnia que ad nos et heredes nostros pertinere 
 poterunt de huiusmodi anno, die et vasto et murdris, de om¬ 
 nibus hominibus et tenentibus de terris et feodis suis in quibus¬ 
 cumque curiis nostris et heredum nostrorum homines et tenentes 
 
 1 Faded; some such word as ** supradicti.” 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 374 * 
 
 illos, tam coram nobis et heredibus nostris in cancellaria nostra 
 et heredum nostrorum ac coram thesaurario et baronibus nos¬ 
 tris et heredum nostrorum de scaccario ac coram iusticiariis 
 nostris et heredum nostrorum de banco ac coram senescallo et 
 marescallo seu clerico mercati hospicii nostri et heredum nos¬ 
 trorum qui pro tempore fuerint et aliis curiis nostris et here¬ 
 dum nostrorum quam coram iusticiariis itinerantibus ad com- 
 munia placita et ad placita foreste et quibuscumque aliis 
 iusticiariis et ministris nostris et heredum nostrorum, tam in 
 presencia nostra et heredum nostrorum quam in absencia nostra 
 et heredum nostrorum, fines facere vel amerciari, exitus foris- 
 facere, annum, diem et vastum seu forisfacturas et murdra 
 adiudicari contigerit; que fines, redemciones, exitus, annus, dies, 
 vastum siue streppum, forisfacture et murdra ad nos vel liere- 
 des nostros possent pertinere si prefato archiepiscopo et succes- 
 soribus suis predictis concessa non fuissent; ita quod idem 
 archiepiscopus et successores sui predicti per se vel per balliuos 
 et ministros suos fines, amerciamenta, redempciones, exitus et 
 forisfacturas huiusmodi hominum et tenencium suorum predic- 
 torum et omnia que ad nos vel heredes nostros pertinere pot- 
 erunt de anno, die et vasto siue streppo et murdris predictis 
 leuare percipere et habere possint, sine occasione vel impedi- 
 mento nostri vel heredum nostrorum iusticiariorum, escae- 
 torum, vicecomitum, coronatorum aut aliorum balliuorum seu 
 ministrorum quorumcumque, prout in carta nostra predicta ple- 
 nius continetur, et licet vobis mandauerimus quod venerabilem 
 patrem Simonem, nunc archiepiscopum loci predicti, huiusmodi 
 fines, amerciamenta, redempciones, exitus et forisfacturas hom¬ 
 inum et tenencium suorum predictorum habere et percipere 
 permitteretis iuxta tenorem carte nostre supradicte, vos tamen 
 fines, amerciamenta, redempciones et exitus forisfactos hom¬ 
 inum et tenencium ipsius archiepiscopi laboratorum, seruientum 
 et artificum coram iusticiariis nostris ad inquirendum de ex- 
 cessibus huiusmodi artificum et seruientum assignatis adudicata 
 et affirata, eidem archiepiscopo ad dictum scaccarium allocare 
 non curatis, vt accepimus, in ipsius archiepiscopi dampnum non 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 375 * 
 
 modicum et contra tenorem carte nostre supradicte. Nos no- 
 lentes eidem archiepiscopo iniuriari in hac parte, vobis man¬ 
 damus quod eidem archiepiscopo fines, amerciamenta, redemp- 
 ciones et exitus forisfactos huiusmodi hominum et tenencium 
 suorum laboratorum, seruientum et artificum ad scaccarium 
 predictum allocari faciatis iuxta formam carte nostre supra¬ 
 dicte. Et si causa subfuerit quare id facere minime debeatis, 
 tunc nos de causa ilia reddatis sub sigillo scaccarii predicti dis- 
 tincte et aperte sine dilacione cerciores, hoc breue nobis remit- 
 tentes. 
 
 Teste me ipso, apud Westmonasterium, xviii die Octobris, 
 anno regni nostri Anglie tricesimo, regni vero nostri Francie 
 decimo septimo. 
 
 Hoc breue remittitur cancellarie unacum certificacione de 
 causa vnde fit mencio superius in breui, sicuti continetur alibi 
 in hiis Memorandis inter Recorda de hoc termino. 
 
 Ibid., rot. 13. 
 
 Pro Iohanne de Stretford archiepiscopo Cantuariensi. 
 
 Rex thesaurario et baronibus suis de scaccario, salutem. 
 Cum nuper per cartam nostram concesserimus.(Then fol¬ 
 
 lows a copy of the charter given in rot. 8 as far as “et licet”) 
 et licet vobis mandauerimus quod venerabilem patrem Simonem 
 iam archiepiscopum Cantuariensem huiusmodi fines, amercia¬ 
 menta, redempciones, exitus forisfactos et forisfacturas hom¬ 
 inum et tenencium suorum laboratorum, seruientum, artificum 
 et regratatorum ad scaccarium allocari faceretis iuxta formam 
 carte nostre supradicte, vos nichilominus asserentes ea ad nos 
 ex certis causis pertinere debere, predicta fines, amerciamenta, 
 redempciones, exitus et forisfacturas prefato archiepiscopo ad 
 dictum scaccarium allocare non curatis; super quo idem archi- 
 episcopus nobis supplicauit sibi per nos de remedio prouideri. 
 Et quia super dicto negocio ex certis causis coram nobis et 
 consilio nostro propositis volumus plenius informari, vobis 
 mandamus quod exaccionem quam facitis prefato archiepiscopo 
 aut hominibus et tenentibus de terris et feodis suis pro huius- 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 376* 
 
 modi finibus, redempcionibus, exitibus forisfactis aut forisfac- 
 turis hominum et tenencium suorum laboratorum, seruientum, 
 artificum aut pistorum, braciatricium et victualium venditorum 
 quorumcumque, ponatis in respectum vsque ad proximum par- 
 liamentum nostrum vt tunc dictum negocium discuti valeat ple- 
 nius et terminari. 
 
 Teste me ipso, apud Westmonasterium xxviii 0 die Octobris, 
 anno regni nostri Anglie tricesimo, regni vero nostri Francie 
 decimo septimo. 
 
 Ibid . 
 
 Adhuc Breuia directa baronibus de termino Sancti Hillarii, 
 anno xxxi mo Regis Edwardi tercii; rot. 2 d. 
 
 Pro Simone archiepiscopo Cantuariensi. 
 
 (A month later, on further complaint of the archbishop, a 
 writ of the great seal is issued to the treasurer and barons, 
 stating that certain justices of assize, gaol delivery and of oyer 
 and terminer had “ subtiliter ” marked certain estreat rolls of 
 penalties as due to the king instead of to the archbishop, and 
 had then appropriated them to their own use. The arch¬ 
 bishop’s claim to these penalties is based on the charter above 
 quoted.) 
 
 Et quia cum consilio 1 nostro super premissis deliberacionem 
 habere volumus, vobis mandamus quod demande prefato archi¬ 
 episcopo aut eius tenentibus pro huiusmodi denariis Regis 
 leuatis aut pro finibus, amerciamentis, redempcionibus, exitibus 
 forisfactis aut forisfacturis pro extorcionibus, oppressionibus, 
 excessibus, transgressionibus, catallis felonum et fugitiuorum 
 dictum archiepiscopum aut homines et tenentes suos, licet 
 eorum aliqui ministri nostri fuerint concernentibus, et ex parte 
 dicti archiepiscopi in scaccario clamatis et vendicatis, ac leua- 
 cioni summarum dicto archiepiscopo seu eius in hac parte 
 attornato ad scaccarium predictum occasionibus premissis seu 
 
 1 MS. conesilio. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 377 * 
 
 eorum aliqua de allocacionibus et respectibus per vos factis seu 
 faciendis supersedeatis vsque ad quindenam Sancte Trinitatis 
 proxime fifturam vt interim habito inde cum dicto consilio 
 nostro pleno auisamento vlterius de premissis, fieri faciamus 
 quod de iure fuerit faciendum. 
 
 Teste me ipso, apud Westmonasterium, xxx die Nouembris, 
 anno regni nostri Anglie tricesimo, regni vero nostri Francie 
 decimo septimo. 
 
 Ibid . 
 
 Adhuc Communia de termino Sancti Michaelis, anno xxxi 0 
 Regis Edwardi tercii a conquestu; adhuc Recorda. 
 
 Kane’ v ’ 
 
 Certificacio facta domino Regi in cancellaria sua pro archi- 
 episcopo Cantuariensi. 
 
 Dominus Rex manaauit hie breue suum de magno sigillo suo 
 quod irrotulatur inter Breuia directa baronibus de hoc termino 
 Rotulo viii in hec verba: (see copy, app., 373). 
 
 Quod quidem breue remittitur cancellarie, vnacum certifica- 
 cione de causa vnde fit mencio superius in breui in hec verba. 
 Non est processum ad allocacionem faciendam archiepiscopo 
 Cantuariensi de finibus, amerciamentis, redempeionibus et exit- 
 ibus forisfactis hominum et tenencium ipsius archiepiscopi la- 
 boratorum, seruientum et artificum iuxta tenorem breuis huic 
 cedule consuti, eo quod in statuto anno regni domini Regis 
 nunc Anglie vicesimo quinto super malicia seruientum et labor - 
 ariorum restringenda edito inter alia continetur quod . . * 
 
 (There follows a literal translation in Latin of the clause of 
 the statute of labourers beginning “ Item que viscontes ” and 
 ending “ soit leue al oeps le Roi et respondu a lui par le vis- 
 cont du countee;” app., 16.) 
 
 Pretextu quorum verborum, apparet quod fines, redemp- 
 ciones, excessus et amerciamenta dictorum seruientum et labor- 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 378* 
 
 ariorum leuanda sunt ad opus Regis, absque aliqua allocacione 
 inde facienda alicui libertati, eo quod quintadecima iam cessauit. 
 
 Memoranda Roll, K. R., no. 136. 
 
 Adhuc Breuia directa baronibus de termino Pasche, anno 
 xxxiiii t0 Regis Edwardi tercii; rot. 9 d. 
 
 Pro vicecomiti Kane’. 1 
 
 Rex thesaurario et baronibus suis de scaccario, salutem. 
 Cum nuper per cartam nostram concesserimus bone memorie 
 Iohanni, archiepiscopo Cantuariensi, inter cetera sibi per nos 
 concessa quod ipse et sucessores sui imperpetuum habeant 
 omnes fines . . . (There follows a summary of the charter as 
 already given, ending with “ prout in carta predicta plenius 
 continetur.”) et in statuto nuper apud Westmonasterium ad 
 diem Lune proximum post septimanam Pasche, anno regni 
 nostri Anglie tricesimo primo, quod domini libertatum qui fines, 
 exitus et amerciamenta per cartas regias aut alio modo habent, 
 extunc huiusmodi fines, exitus et amerciamenta laboratorum, 
 artificum et operariorum que ad ipsos dominos de iure perti¬ 
 nent, quamdiu iusticiaria huiusmodi laboratorum duraret, habe¬ 
 ant; ita semper quod dicti domini contribucionem solucioni 
 feodorum huiusmodi iusticiariorum laboratorum iuxta ratam 
 proficuorum que inde percipient faciant, vobis mandamus quod 
 venerabili patri Simoni nunc archiepiscopo Cantuariensi omnia 
 exitus forisfactos, fines et amerciamenta de omnibus hominibus 
 et tenentibus de terris et feodis suis coram dilectis et fidelibus 
 nostris Radulfo de Frenyngham et sociis suis nuper iusticiariis 
 ad inquirendum de laboratoribus, artificibus 2 et operariis in 
 comitatu Kane’ assignatis qui sessiones suas inde die Lune 
 proximo post festum Sancti Michaelis, dicto anno tricesimo 
 primo, apud Dertford, primo inceperunt, sicut per certifica- 
 cionem Willelmi de Roderham, nuper vnius iusticiariorum pre- 
 
 1 MS. Line’; so clearly a slip on the part of a clerk that I have ven¬ 
 tured to change it. See “ in comitatu Kane’ ** infra. 
 
 7 MS. artificiis. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 379* 
 
 dictorum, in cancellariam nostram de mandato nostro missam 
 plenius poterit apparere, ab eodem die Lime affirata et ad- 
 iudicata liberari et habere et omnes et singulas libertates et 
 quietancias in dicta carta nostra contentas iuxta vim et effectum 
 carte illius eidem archiepiscopo ad dictum scaccarium de tem¬ 
 pore in tempus allocari faciatis, ita tamen quod predictus 
 archiepiscopus solucioni feodorum dictorum iusticiariorum ab 
 eodem die Lune contribuant vt premittitur, iuxta formam 
 statuti supradicti. 
 
 Teste Thoma filio nostro carissimo, custode Anglie, apud 
 Westmonasterium xvi die Maii, anno regni nostri Anglie tri- 
 cesimo quarto, regni vero nostri Francie vicesimo primo. 
 
 Cf. Mem. L. T. R., 34, Pasch., Precepta; Kanc J . 
 
 Facta summa Roberti Vynter, senescalli archiepiscopi Can- 
 tuariensis. 
 
 (The archbishop obtains 28 1. 7 s. 8 d. in penalties before 
 Frenyngham and his companions, per schedule attached to the 
 roll, the allowance being granted on the basis of his charter 
 and of the above writ.) 
 
 Cf. also ibid.. Trin., Precepta; Surrey and Sussex, for a 
 similar claim. 
 
 Memoranda Roll, L. T. R., no. 123. 
 
 Adhuc Michaelis Precepta anno xxxii 0 ; rot. 12. 
 
 Norhf 
 
 Precepta facta super compotum Walteri Paries vicecomitis 
 computantis hie modo in crastino Sancti Martini de toto anno 
 xxxi°. 
 
 Libertas ducis Lane’ capta fuit in manum Regis et adhuc 
 remanet, sicut continetur inter Precepta de termino Sancti 
 Michaelis anno xxx°. 
 
 (Schedule attached to the roll.) 
 
 Norht’ 
 
 De extractis finium et amerciamentorum opera- 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 380 * 
 
 riorum, artificum et seruientum coram Iohanne de 
 Alueton et sociis suis iusticiariis eorundem in di- 
 uersis comitatibus infra libertatem ducis Cornub’ 
 audiendum et terminandum 1 assignatis a xiiii die 
 Marcii, anno xxx° vsque ad eundem diem anno 
 xxxi 0 . 
 
 Charwalton. 
 
 De Thoma Fleysheuer, falcatore, pro excessu, per 
 plegium Iohannis Eyr, xii d. 
 
 De Ricardo Milneward, mettore, pro eodem, per 
 plegium predictum, xii d. 
 
 De Thoma Honte, falcatore, pro eodem, per ple¬ 
 gium predictum, xii d. 
 
 Summa iii s. 
 
 Eston cum Hulcote. 
 
 Walterus De Iohanne Attehalle, mason, pro eodem, per ple- 
 Parles gium Iohannis Roberti, xl d. 
 
 vicecomes De Iohanne Keyfot, falcatore, pro eodem, per ple- 
 Norht’ gium Willelmi Hobbis, vi d. 
 
 oneratur De Iohanne Amysone, s[eruiente], pro eodem, 
 in Rotulo per plegium Willelmi Colin, ii s. 
 
 xxxi 0 de De Wallero Warde, triturario, pro eodem, per 
 debitis in plegium predictum, ii s. 
 
 ista cedula De Thoma Bankar, carnifice, pro eodem, per ple- 
 contentis. gium Willelmi Hobbis, ii s. 
 
 De Emma, vxore eius, mettore, pro eodem, per 
 plegium predictum, vi d. 
 
 De Galfrido Knotte, seruiente, pro eodem, per 
 plegium predictum, ii s. 
 
 Blacolnesle. 
 
 De Thoma Smyth, fabro, pro eodem, per plegium 
 Willelmi Hay, ii s. 
 
 1 The omission of the 44 ad ” before the gerund or gerundive has already 
 been referred to; cf. app., 28, note 1. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 38! * 
 
 De Henrico Howes quia non venit, iii d. 
 
 De Iohanne Taylour et Thoma Smyth quia non 
 habent, iiii d. 
 
 De Iohanne Warde pro eodem, iii d. 
 
 De Simone Knyght et Elia Soc quia non habent, 
 
 1111 d. 
 
 De Elia Wryghte pro eodem, iii d. 
 
 De Nicholao Leche et Iohanne Petifer quia non 
 habent, iiii d. 
 
 De Hugone Simound pro eodem, iii d. 
 
 De Iohanne Norton et Iohanne Lincden quia non 
 habent, iiii d. 
 
 De Petro Howes pro eodem, iii d. 
 
 De Willeimo Hay et Ricardo Campyoun quia non 
 habent, iiii d. 
 
 Summa xx s. iii d. 
 
 (Endorsed.) 
 
 Ista cedula extracta est de Originali de quo tit- 
 ulus scribitur ex alia parte istius cedule et exam- 
 inatur ac liberatur hie per Willelmum de Wellum, 
 custodem extractarum hie in scaccario, xxiiii die 
 Nouembris, anno xxxi Regis Edwardi tercii post 
 conquestum. 
 
 Facta summa dicti vicecomitis debentis xlvii li. 
 xiiii s. xi d. ob. q a . 
 
 Infra quam summam oneratur de xx s. iii d. de 
 excessubus et amerciamentis operariorum per ex- 
 tractas finium, excessuum et amerciamentorum 
 operariorum, artificum et seruientum coram Io¬ 
 hanne de Alueton et sociis suis iusticiariis eorun- 
 dem in diuersis comitatibus infra libertatem ducis 
 Cornubie audiendum et terminandum 1 assignatis a 
 xiiii 0 die Marcii anno xxx° vsque ad eundem diem 
 
 1 For the omission of the “ad,” cf. app., 28, note 1. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 382 * 
 
 anno xxxi 0 , videlicet, pro diuersis de quibus dicit 
 principem Wallie per balliuos et ministros suos 
 leuasse eosdem xx s. iii d. ad opus ipsius principis 
 particulariter; quorum particule et nomina eorum 
 de quibus leuantur extrahuntur de extracta predicta 
 et liberantur hie per Willelmum de Wellum, custo- 
 dem extractarum hie in scaccario, in quadam cedula 
 huic rotulo tachiata; super quo dictus princeps pre¬ 
 sens hie per Willelmum de Spridelyngton, attorna- 
 tum suum, admissum ad cognoscendum recepcionem 
 huiusmodi finium, excessuum, exituum et amercia- 
 mentorum operariorum et ad onerandum ipsum 
 principem inde, sicut continetur alibi in hiis Memo- 
 In Rotulo randis inter Attornatos de hoc termino, et super 
 xxxi° premissis allocutus cognouit se per balliuos et min- 
 in Item istros suos leuasse et recepisse predictos xx s. iii d. 
 
 Norhth et proinde se velle et debere onerari versus Regem 
 
 de eisdem xx s. iii d. in exoneracionem dicti vice- 
 comitis. Ideo concordatum est quod idem vice- 
 comes exoneretur erga Regem de eisdem xx s. iii d. 
 et quod dictus princeps inde oneretur pretextu cog- 
 nicionis sue predicte. 
 
 Memoranda Roll, L. T. R., no. 125. 
 
 Adhuc Trinitatis Precepta anno xxxiiii t0 ; rot. 6. 
 
 Surr’, Sussex. 
 
 Precepta facta super compotum Thome de Hoo 
 nuper vicecomitis computantis hie modo in crastino 
 Sancti Iohannis Baptiste de toto anno xxxiii 0 , 
 Rogero Daber nunc vicecomite presenti per Wal- 
 terum atte Broke, attornatum suum. 
 
 • •••••»• 
 Abbas Fiscampi clamat et vicecomes oneratur. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 383 * 
 
 (Schedule attached to the roll.) 
 
 Sussex. 
 
 De finibus, excessibus, exitibus et amerciamentis 
 coram Andrea Peuerell et sociis suis iusticiariis 
 Regis ad inquirendum [de] operariis, artificibus, 
 seruientibus, vittellariis ac eciam de ponderibus et 
 mensuris in comitatu Sussex’ audiendum et termi- 
 nandum assignatis, annis xxxi 0 et xxxii do . 
 
 Burgus de Horsham. De Waltero Feldere de 
 excessu et fine, per plegium Roberti Frenshe, xii d. 
 
 Hundredum de Stenyng. De Agnete de Mule- 
 ward de excessu et fine, per plegium Willelmi Ca- 
 lewe, xii d. 
 
 De Iuliana Quay de excessu et fine, per plegium 
 predictum, xii d. 
 
 • ••••••* 
 
 (All the entries are similar to the above; there 
 are sixteen for the Hundred of Stenyng, twenty- 
 five for the Burg of Stenyng, seven for Terryng 
 and two for the Hundred of Britford. The amounts 
 are usually 12 d. and 6 d.; but there are a few 
 larger ones.) 
 
 • ••••• •• 
 
 Summa iiii li. iiii s. ii d. 
 
 • ••••• • • 
 
 Et oneratur infra summam predictam de iiii li. iiii s. ii d. 
 de excessubus et finibus diuersorum per rotulum, videlicet, de 
 finibus, excessubus, exitibus et amerciamentis coram Andrea 
 Peuerell et sociis suis iusticiariis operariorum in comitatu Sus¬ 
 sex’ assignatis annis xxxi 0 et xxxii d0 ; quos quidem' iiii li. 
 iiii s. ii d. abbas de Fiscampo presens per Iohannem de Holt, 
 attornatum suum, clamat ad ipsum abbatem pertinere debere 
 per cartas Regis, vt de finibus hominum et integre tenencium 
 suorum apud Horsham, Stenyng et alios locos 1 in comitatu 
 
 1 MS. aliis locis. 
 
384 * 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 Sussex’ et quorum quidem iiii li. iiii s. ii d. particule et nomina 
 eas debencium continentur in quadam cedula quam dictus abbas 
 per dictum attornatum suum liberauit hie, et que taciatur huic 
 rotulo; super quo clameo dictus nunc vicecomes, videlicet, 
 Rogerus Daber presens hie per Walterum atte Brok, attornatum 
 suum, allocutus, iuratus et examinatus dicit per sacramentum 
 suum quod omnes debitores quorum nomina continentur in 
 dicta cedula sunt homines et integre tenentes dicti abbatis in 
 diuersis locis in comitatu Sussex’. Nichilominus, nondum fit 
 allocacio de predictis iiii li. iiii s. ii d., eo quod in statuto facto 
 apud Westmonasterium die Lune proximo post septimanam 
 Pasche anno xxxi 0 , concordatum fuit quod.(There fol¬ 
 
 lows a literal translation in Latin of the clause giving the penal¬ 
 ties to the lords; app., 18) et viso titulo dicte extracte per quam 
 dicti iiii li. iiii s. ii d. de excessubus et finibus exacti fuerunt, 
 non fit mencio in eodem titulo nec alibi in dicta extracta quan¬ 
 tum de eisdem iiii li. iiii s. ii d. sunt de finibus et quantum de 
 excessubus, nec quantum inde nomine finium admissum fuit 
 ante dictum diem Lune proximum post septimanam Pasche 
 anno xxxi 0 et quantum post. Ideo concordatum est quod man- 
 detur prefatis iusticiariis quod certificent hie inde. Et manda- 
 tum est eis per breue cuius transscriptum dicte cedule tachiatur 
 pro informacione etc., ita quod certificent hie in octabis Sancti 
 Michaelis. Et idem dies datus est prefato abbati ad audien- 
 dum, faciendum et recipiendum inde quod etc. Et tarn dictus 
 abbas quam dictus vicecomes interim habeant respectum etc. 
 Iniunctumque est eidem abbati quod interim sequatur, ita 
 quod certificacionem dictorum iusticiariorum habeat hie inde 
 ad dictas octabas alioquin tunc fiet execucio versus ipsum abba- 
 tem de predictis iiii li. iiii s. ii d. tanquam de claro debito. 1 
 
 .Et postmodum, videlicet, ad dictas octabas Sancti 
 
 Michaelis predicti iusticiarii operariorum non certificarunt pro 
 dicto abbate de Fiscampo nec idem abbas venit ad prosequen- 
 
 1 There follow here statements as to the payment of the salaries of 
 the justices of labourers as well as some other accounts, none of them 
 concerned with the abbot’s claim. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 385 * 
 
 dum allocacionem suam de predictis iiii li. iiii s. ii d. Ideo fiat 
 execucio versus ipsum abbatem inde quousque aliud etc. Et 
 preceptum est vicecomiti quod non omittat propter libertatem 
 ipsius abbatis quin etc. et fieri facial; ita etc. in crastino Sancti 
 Martini Regi in exoneracionem dicti nuper vicecomitis soluen- 
 dum, sicut continetur in Memorandis de anno xxxv to inter 
 
 Breuia retornabilia de termino Sancti Michaelis. 
 
 Postea dictus abbas de Fiscampo venit per dictum attornatum 
 suum et dicit quod licet diligenter prosecutus fuerit versus 
 dictos iusticiarios operariorum de habendo certificacionem quan¬ 
 tum est de finibus et quantum de excessubus de iiii li. iiii s. 
 ii d. predictis, iidem tamen iusticiarii certificacionem illam 
 facere distulerunt hucusque, petens quod mandetur eisdem ius- 
 ticiariis vt prius. Ideo mandetur eis sicut alias; ita etc. in 
 octabis Sancti Hillarii. Et idem abbas interim habeat respec- 
 tum etc. 
 
 Ad quern diem, predictus abbas venit per dictum attornatum 
 suum. Et prefati Andreas Peuerell et socii sui iusticiarii re-, 
 tornant breue cum quadam cedula eidem tachiata et mandant 
 quod omnes fines et excessus in eadem cedula contenti facti et 
 adiudicati fuerunt coram eisdem iusticiariis die Lune proximo 
 post quindenam Sancti Michaelis anno xxxi 0 . Qua quidem 
 cedula visa et cum dicto rotulo de finibus examinata concordant 
 in nominibus et summa totali predictorum iiii li. iiii s. ii d. De 
 qua summa, xxxv s. vi d. sunt de finibus et xlviii s. viii d. sunt 
 de excessubus coram eis receptis et adiudicatis in forma pre¬ 
 dicta. Et scrutatis rotulis super allocacionibus factis prefato 
 abbati de huiusmodi finibus tenencium suorum, compertum est 
 in Magno Rotulo de anno xxxiii 0 in Glouc ’ 1 quod huiusmodi 
 fines allocantur prefato abbati per libertatem cartarum Regis. 
 Ideo consideratum est quod fiat allocacio eidem abbati de pre¬ 
 dictis xxxv s. vi d. de finibus predictis et quod de residuis 
 xlviii s. viii d. qui sunt de excessubus satisfiat Regi, prout etc . 2 
 
 1 Cf. app., 387-388. 
 
 *See app., 384, note 1. 
 
3 86 * 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 ( Cf . Mem. L. T. R., 33, Mich., Recorda, rot. 14; Norhtb 
 De clameo abbatis de Burgo Sancti Petri, for examples of the 
 writ and certificate referred to.) 
 
 Edwardus 1 [etc.], Hugoni de Northburgh et sociis suis [etc.] 
 Volentes certis de causis cerciorari que et quot fines, amercia- 
 menta et exitus forisfacti in sessionibus vestris anno regni nos- 
 tri Anglie tricesimo primo vsque ad clausum Pasche eodem 
 anno, quo die parliamentum nostrum incepit, facta, affirata et 
 adiudicata fuerunt et de quibus personis, vobis mandamus quod 
 scrutatis rotulis vestris de sessionibus predictis nos inde sub 
 sigillis vestris in cancellaria nostra reddatis distincte et aperte 
 certiores, hoc breue nobis remittentes. 2 
 
 Teste me ipso [etc.]. 
 
 Quod quidem breue indorsatur sic. Responsum Hugonis de 
 Northburgh, iusticiarii etc. 
 
 Omnia fines, amerciamenta et exitus forisfacti de sessione 
 nostra de anno xxxi 0 mandauimus ad scaccarium domini Regis 
 per extractas nostras que versus curiam remanent, vt patet per 
 rotulos et extractas nostros predictos. Set ante clausum 
 Pasche eodem anno xxxi 0 nulla fuerunt fines, amerciamenta, 
 nec exitus forisfacti coram nobis afforata vel adiudicata. 
 
 (The following writ recorded in the latter claim usually 
 appears:) 
 
 Edwardus [etc.], thesaurario et baronibus de scaccario, salu- 
 tem. Quandam certificacionem nobis in cancellaria nostra ad 
 mandatum nostrum missam vobis mittimus sub pede sigilli 
 nostri presentibus interclusam, mandantes vt inspecta certifica- 
 cione predicta vlterius ad prosecucionem dilecti nobis in Christo 
 abbatis de Burgo Sancti Petri coram vobis in scaccario predicto 
 facere valeatis, quod de iure et secundum legem et consuetu- 
 dinem regni nostri Anglie fore videritis faciendum. 
 
 Teste me ipso [etc.]. 
 
 1 The usual form. 
 
 1 In some cases the separation of fines from excess is also mentioned. 
 
387 * 
 
 DOCUMENTS , LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 Exchequer, K. R., Accounts, 110/25. Gloucester. 
 
 Glouc’ Abbas de Fiscampo clamat et oneratur. 
 
 De extractis finium, exituum et amerciamentorum coram 
 Thoma de Berkeley de Cubberle et sociis suis iusticiariis domini 
 Regis de laborariis, artificibus et seruitoribus ac de ponderibus 
 et mensuris in comitatu Glouc’ audiendum et terminandum 
 assignatis, a festo Sancti Michaelis anno xxxi 0 vsque festum 
 Sancti Michaelis anno xxxii d0 . 
 
 Summa totalis xxiii li. vi s. viii d.; quam quidem summam 
 abbas de Fiscampo per Willelmum Mayel, balliuum suum, 
 clamat ad ipsum abbatem pertinere debere per libertatem dicti’ 
 abbatis vt de hominibus et integre tenentibus suis in diuersis 
 villis et locis in comitatu predicto. 
 
 (Endorsement.) 
 
 Has iii cedulas liberauit hie abbas de Fiscampo per Willel¬ 
 mum Maiel, attornatum suum, super compotum vicecomitis 
 Glouc’ ad quindenam Purificacionis beate Marie Virginis, anno 
 xxxiiii to Regis Edwardi tercii, et clamat omnia debita in pre¬ 
 dicts cedulis contenta ad ipsum abbatem pertinere per liber¬ 
 tatem, vt de finibus hominum et integre tenencium suorum in 
 diuersis villis et locis in comitatu predicto. 
 
 (Parts of the roll are illegible, but nearly all the legible 
 entries are “de fine pro eodem,” i. e. “ excessu,” or merely 
 “ pro fine.”) 
 
 Pipe Roll, 204, 33 Edw. III. Glouc’. 
 
 Abbas de Fiscampo per Willelmum Mayel, attornatum suum, 
 reddit compotum de xxii li. vi s. viii d. de pluribus debitis sicut 
 infra continetur, videlicet, de finibus diuersorum hominum et 
 tenencium ipsius abbatis in diuersis villatis huius comitatus, 
 quorum hominum et tenencium nomina et summe finium illorum 
 continentur in tribus cedulis vnde idem abbas oneratur inter 
 totalia sua in rotulo de extractis finium, exituum et amercia- 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 388* 
 
 mentorum coram Thoma de Berkele de Cubberle et sociis suis 
 iusticiariis Regis de laborariis, artificibus et seruitoribus ac de 
 ponderibus et mensuris in eodem comitatu audiendum et termi- 
 nandum assignatis, a festo Sancti Michaelis anno xxxi vsque 
 festum Sancti Michaelis anno xxxii do ; quas quidem cedillas 
 idem abbas per dictum attornatum suum super liunc compotum 
 liberauit et que sunt inter billas de termino Sancti Hillarii 
 anno xxxiiii t0 Regis huius vt de clameo ipsius abbatis super 
 compotum vicecomitis Glouc’ de hoc anno xxxiii 0 redditum ad 
 quindenam Purificacionis beate Marie dicto anno xxxiiii t0 , sicut 
 continetur in Memorandis de eodem anno inter Precepta de 
 termino Sancti Hillarii. In thesauro nichil. Et eidem abbati 
 et monachis de Fiscampo cuius homines et tenentes in predictis 
 tribus cedulis contenti integre sunt sicut vicecomes testatur, 
 xxii li. vi s. viii d. predicti per libertatem carte Regis et per 
 breue Regis irrotulatum in Memorandis de dicto anno xxxiiii to , 
 termino Pasche. I11 quo continetur quod quia dicti abbas et 
 monachi per cartas progenitorum Regis quondam Regum An- 
 glie clamant habere diuersas libertates et quietancias quibus 
 ipsi et predecessores sui abbates et monachi loci predicti a tem¬ 
 pore confeccionis cartarum predictarum vsi sunt, sicut dicunt, 
 Rex per idem breue mandat baronibus quod ipsos abbatem et 
 monachos et eorum procuratores libertatibus et quietanciis pre¬ 
 dictis et earum qualibet in scaccario coram eis vti et gaudere 
 permittant, eas eis allocantes iuxta tenorem cartarum predic¬ 
 tarum, prout ipsi et predecessores sui ac eorum procuratores 
 vti et gaudere consueuerunt, et per scrutinium inde factum et 
 consideracionem baronum annotatam in Memorandis de dicto 
 anno xxxiiii t0 , et sicut huiusmodi fines allocantur abbati et 
 monachis de Fiscampo in Rotulo xvi Regis Henrici in Sussex’ 
 per libertatem cartarum Regis adiudicatam per dominos Wyn- 
 toniensem, Bathoniensem, Dunolmiensem et Cicestriensem, 
 episcopos, et per dominos S. de Segraue, tunc iusticiarium, et 
 Ricardum, comitem marescallum, et sicut allocatum est eisdem 
 abbati et monachis in Rotulo xxii 0 Regis Edwardi, filii Regis 
 Henrici, in Item Sussex’. Et quietus est. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 389 * 
 
 Rotuli Literarum Patencium, 32 Edw. Ill, pt. 1, m. 19. 
 
 Pro priore et fratribus de Henton, ordinis Cartusiensis. 
 
 Rex omnibus ad quos etc., salutem. Supplicarunt nobis di- 
 lecti nobis in Christo prior et fratres de Henton, ordinis 
 Cartusiensis, vt cum domus sua in loco solitudinis situetur, et 
 iuxta ordinis sui regulam, extra domum predictam pro victuum 
 suorum necessariis querendis personaliter exire nequeant et 
 paucos aut nullos tenentes ad deseruiendum eis pro terris suis 
 excolendis de quarum prouentubus sustentacio sua pro maiori 
 parte prouenit habeant, dictique tenentes et alii qui circa cul- 
 turam terrarum suarum et alia necessaria sua laborant ad pro- 
 secucionem quorundam eosdem tenentes et seruientes grauare 
 machinancium, adeo coram iusticiariis nostris ad statutum et 
 ordinacionem de operariis, seruientibus et artificibus conser- 
 uanda per amerciamenta et grauamina diuersa, racione more 
 sue in seruicio dictorum prioris et fratrum infestati sint et in- 
 quietati, quod in eorum seruicio morari non audent, et si forsan 
 ipsi tenentes et seruientes taliter ab eorum seruicio recederent, 
 de eorum prioris et fratrum sustentacione disperaretur, velimus 
 indempnitati eorundem prioris et fratrum ac tenencium et ser- 
 uientum suorum ne per huiusmodi callidas machinaciones pre- 
 grauentur prouidere graciose. Nos statui dictorum prioris et 
 fratrum qui semper in domo sua predicta remanent sic inclusi 
 compacientes, volentesque consideracione premissorum predictis 
 priori et fratribus vt ipsi diuinis obsequiis iuxta ordinis sui 
 regulam melius et quiecius intendere valeant graciam facere 
 specialem, concessimus pro nobis et heredibus nostris prefatis 
 priori et fratribus omnia fines, redempciones, exitus forisfactos 
 et amerciamenta que ad nos pertinent vel pertinere poterunt 
 pro transgressionibus, delictis et excessibus quibuscumque de 
 quibus ipsi tenentes et seruientes coram dictis iusticiariis sunt 
 impetiti, vel impeti aut occasionari valeant in futurum, durante 
 statuto et ordinacione predictis; ita quod iidem prior et fratres 
 et successores sui per balliuos suos fines, redempciones, exitus 
 forisfactos et amerciamenta tenencium et seruientum suorum 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 39 ° * 
 
 predictorum coram predictis iusticiariis adiudicata et adiudi- 
 canda per extractas ipsorum iusticiariorum eisdem balliuis 
 liberandas leuare, colligere et percipere possint sine occasione’ 
 vel impedimento nostri vel heredum nostrorum, iusticiariorum, 
 vicecomitum, coronatorum aut balliuorum seu ministrorum 
 nostrorum quorumcumque. Concessimus eciam prefatis priori 
 et fratribus quod ipsi vel fratres conuersi eiusdem domus, aut 
 alii seruientes sui pro coriis de animalibus suis propriis vel pro 
 aliis coriis per ipsos ad opus ipsorum prioris et fratrum emptis 
 vel emendis et in tannaria domus sue predicte tannatis vel 
 tannandis, et postmodum pro eorum commodo pro precio inter 
 ipsos et dictorum coriorum emptores concordato venditis seu 
 vendendis racione empcionis vel vendicionis huiusmodi coram 
 prefatis iusticiariis aut aliis ministris nostris non impetantur, 
 molestentur in aliquo seu grauentur. 
 
 In cuius etc., teste Rege, apud Westmonasterium, xiiii die 
 Aprilis. 
 
 Per ipsum Regem. 
 
 Consimiles literas Regis habent prior et fratres de Witham 
 eiusdem ordinis, sub eadem data. 
 
 (Cf. Mem. K. R., 35, Mich., Breu. Baron., rot. 1 d; Pro 
 priore de Henton. A writ of the great seal to the treasurer 
 and barons ordering the allowance to be made in accordance 
 with the letter patent. 1 ) 
 
 dn this enrollment the letter patent is referred to as dated 14 Aug. 
 instead of 14 April. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 391 
 
 * 
 
 E. Records of the Old Local Courts. (Cf. pt. ii, ch. i.) 
 
 For an account of the sources, see app., 3, and pt. ii, ch. i. 
 
 Extracts from Assise Rolls and Court Rolls. 
 
 Chester, Palatinate of. Indictment Roll, 4. 27 Edw. Ill— 
 
 I R. II. 45 membranes. 1 
 
 Indictamenta de Officio ad Comitatum Cestriae. 
 
 m. 4 d. Inquisicio capta apud Wycum Malbum coram 
 Thoma de Dutton, vicecomite, die Lune proximo ante 
 festum Conuercionis Sancti Pauli, anno regni Regis 
 Edwardi tercii a conquestu tricesimo primo, per 
 sacramentum Ricardi de Munshull et aliorum etc. qui 
 dicunt super sacramentum suum quod Agnes Tope, 
 reper, nuper manens in Worleston, Matheus le 
 Walshemon, tasker et communis malefactor, manens in 
 ITurdeleston, Matilldis, filia Ricardi Hobbekynessone, 
 ceperunt nimium stipendium contra statutum. Et 
 quod Willelmus Blundel, cartewright, cepit duos sol- 
 idos communiter pro factura vnius carecte, ii s. con¬ 
 tra statutum etc. Et quod Willelmus Arthur, laborer, 
 est communis transgressor et cepit nimium stipendium 
 contra statutum etc. 
 
 (Similar presentments on the following Wednes- 
 day.) 
 
 m. 9 d. Comitatus Cestr’, die Martis proximo post festum 
 Sancte Trinitatis, anno regni .... xxxiii 0 . 
 
 Coram vicecomite. 
 
 Inquisicio capta apud Goldbournford coram Thoma 
 de Dutton, vicecomite etc., die Veneris proximo post 
 festum Sancti Iohannis ante Portam Latinam, anno 
 .tricesimo tercio. 
 
 x List of Plea Rolls, under the heading: “ Assize Rolls.” 
 
392 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 (Presentments by jurors.) 
 
 • ••••••• 
 
 Et quod Mad * 1 le Taxeser, manens in Salghton, 
 fregit statutum per mercedem incongruum. 
 
 Inquisicio capta coram prefato vicecomite, predictis 
 
 die et loco per sacramentum. 
 
 Qui dicunt super sacramentum suum quod Iohan- 
 nes,* prepositus de Coton, conduxit messores et alios 
 operarios nimis excessiue ad opus abbatis Cestr’ con¬ 
 tra statutum, anno regni domini Regis nunc Anglie 
 tricesimo secundo. Et quod Ricardus de Coton * 
 conduxit operarios contra formam statuti, anno regni 
 domini Regis nunc Anglie vicesimo nono apud Sutton. 
 Et quod Hugo le Walshemon * manens in Cestria, 
 mower, cepit salarium contra statutum, anno regni 
 domini Regis nunc tricesimo secundo, et quod Ricar¬ 
 dus de Biyonde,* operarius, cepit eodem modo, eodem 
 anno. Et quod Elena, seruiens Ricardi le Strenger, 
 manens in Cestr’ venit in forinceco, anno regni domini 
 Regis nunc tricesimo secundo et cepit salarium contra 
 statutum etc. Et quod Iohannes de Aston, quondam 
 seruiens Ade, filii Thome de Wyruyn, operarius, cepit 
 salarium contra statutum, anno regni domini Regis 
 nunc Anglie tricesimo secundo. 
 
 • ••••••• 
 
 (Presentments for felonies interspersed among 
 these for excess wages.) 
 
 Court Rolls, Portfolio 176, no. 6. 2 
 
 Gloucester, Slaughter Hundred. 8 28-29 Edw. III. 
 
 J The asterisk indicates that “ finis” is over the name. 
 
 2 List and Index of Court Rolls preserved in the Public Record Office. 
 The remaining references in this section are to this same List and Index . 
 
 3 At this period Slaughter hundred was held by the abbey of Fiscampe 
 of William de Clinton, earl of Huntingdon; Rudder’s Gloucestershire 
 (1779), 665, 6. I am indebted to Miss M. T. Martin for this reference- 
 
m. 6. 
 
 m. 6 d. 
 Lex. 
 
 m. ii. 
 
 Miser i- 
 cordia 
 precep- 
 tum est. 
 
 DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 393 * 
 
 Sloughtr’ hundredum tentum ibidem die Martis 
 tercio die March, anno regni Regis Edwardi tercii 
 post conquestum vicesimo nono. 
 
 Iohannes Nowers optulit se per attornatum suum, 
 supra, 1 versus Hugonem Symond de placito conuen- 
 cionis, vnde queritur quod idem Hugo detenuit Iohan- 
 nem, seruientem dicti lohannis, a festo Sancti Mich- 
 aelis vltimo vsque festum Sancti Michaelis proxime 
 sequens, contra conuencionem inde inter eos factam, 
 eo quod conuenit inter eos, certo die et anno apud 
 Cherhull, quod predictum seruientem adduxisse de- 
 buisset apud Cherhull predicta die festi Sancti Mich¬ 
 aelis predicto, ad seruiendum predicto lohanni vnde 
 nichil actum fuit, ad dampnum predicti lohannis 
 Nowers de xx s. vt dicit, vnde producit sectam etc. 
 
 Et predictus Hugo venit et dicit quod nullam con¬ 
 uencionem inde cum dicto lohanne fecit et hoc para- 
 tus est defendere per legem, vnde habet diem vsque 
 ad proximam hie ad faciendum legem se xii manu et 
 sunt plegii de lege, Ricardus Marchal et Walterus 
 lanyns. 
 
 Sloughtre hundredum tentum ibidem die Martis in 
 vigilia festi Marie Magdalene, anno regni . . xxix mo . 
 • »••••»• 
 
 Iohannes Flour et Alicia, vxor eius, attachiati sunt 
 per plegium lohannis Watt (iii d.) et lohannis Hickes 
 (iii d.) ad respondendum Roberto Westmocote, bal- 
 liuo Gilberti Chasteleyn, apud Sloughtr’ de placito 
 transgressionis contra formam statuti de victualariis 
 etc.; et modo non veniunt predicti Iohannes Flour et 
 Alicia; ideo plegii predicti in misericordia, et precep- 
 tum est sicut pluries distringere dictos Iohannem et 
 Aliciam quod sint ad proximam etc., ad responden¬ 
 dum etc. 
 
 • «*••••• 
 
 ’The attorney had been named in a previous entry. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 394 * 
 
 Portfolio 156, no. 10. 29-30 Eclw. III. 
 
 Chester. 
 
 m. 5 d. Northwich. Curia tenta die Mercurii x die March, 
 
 anno tricesimo. 
 
 m. 6. Miseri- 
 
 cordia i d. 
 
 Miseri¬ 
 cordia vi d. 
 
 Seruiens in misericordia quia non fecit 
 officium suum, videlicet, quia non distrin- 
 geret Matildem, vxorem Willelmi del Gip- 
 hole, ad respondendum Willelmo Gregges- 
 sone in placito conuencionis, et nichilo- 
 minus preceptum est distringere citra 
 proximam. 
 
 Willelmus del Giphole est ad legem ad 
 sectam predicti Willelmi in placito predicto 
 etc. per plegium Hugonis de Leghton et 
 Iohannis de Merbury. Postea dictus Wil¬ 
 lelmus de Giphole cognouit hie in curia 
 quod vxor eius fecit conuencionem cum 
 predicto Willelmo Greggessone ad deser- 
 uiendum sibi bene et fideliter per vnum 
 annum, prout ipse pro ea manucepit. Ideo 
 consideratum est per indicium quod dictus 
 Willelmus Greggessone habeat conuencio¬ 
 nem predictam, et nichilominus predicti 
 Willelmus del Giphole et Agnes, vxor eius, 
 in misericordia, plegii tarn de conuencione 
 quam de misericordia. 
 
 Miseri- Iohannes Cady queritur de Edde Carne- 
 
 cordia iiii d. fray de placito noui statuti, plegius de 
 
 prosequendo Willelmus Batessone, plegius 
 de respondendo Iohannes Cady, et vnde 
 queritur quod fregit conuencionem sibi ad 
 dampna etc. Et defendens cognoscit; ideo 
 consideratum est quod predictus Iohannes 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 395 * 
 
 habeat conuencionem etc. et predicta Edde 
 in misericordia per plegium dicti Iohannis 
 etc. 
 
 • • • • • • 
 
 m. io. Magna curia tenta die Mercurii xiii die Iulii, 
 
 anno tricesimo. 
 
 • ••••••* 
 
 m. io d. Robertus le Crouther per attornatum suum quer- 
 Lex. itur de Alicia que fuit vxor Roberti Dobbessone in 
 
 placito noui statuti. Et vnde dicit quod cepit ser- 
 uientem predicti Roberti de seruicio suo infra ter- 
 minum quo conductus fuit cum ipso Roberto, ad 
 dampna xx s. etc. 
 
 Et defendens negat; ideo ad legem, per plegium 
 Michaelis Skot et Iohannis de Merbury. 
 
 Portfolio 156, no. 26. 29-30 Edw. III. 
 
 Cornwall. 
 
 m. 3. Blakemore. Adhuc de Curia Stannarii de Blakemore 
 
 tenta apud Lostwithiel die Martis in vigilia 
 
 Sancte Katerine Virginis, anno xxix°. 
 
 < 
 
 • ••••• 
 
 m. 3 d. Inquisicio. Inquisicio inter Iohannem Rydet, iuni- 
 
 orem, querentem (non prosecutus est) et 
 Willelmum Trilleway, de placito conuen- 
 cionis ipsum seruiendi per certum tempus, 
 ad dampnum suum x s. Remanet pro de- 
 fectu iurate. 
 
 • ••••••* 
 
 Portfolio 176, no. 43. 24-27 Edw. III. 
 
 Hereford. 
 
 m. 3. Curia fratris Willelmi de Belhous, prioris de Clyf- 
 ford, tenta die Sabbati proximo post festum Annuncia- 
 cionis beate Marie, anno . . . vicesimo sexto. 
 
396 * 
 m. 4 . 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 Adam Bercarius attachiatur per plegium balliui pro 
 eo quod ablongauit seruientes domini ad dampnum etc., 
 et pro eo quod pascuit vi oues. Et dictus Adam esso- 
 niatus est supra i°. Et sic remanet. 
 
 (At the same court “ tenta die Sabbati xix die 
 mensis Maii.”) 
 
 Ad istam curiam Adam Bercarius allocutus de eo 
 quod ablongauit Iohannem Vynch et Iohannem, filium 
 Walteri, seruientes domini, de seruicio domini, qui dicit 
 quod nullos seruientes ablongauit vt impositum est 
 eidem, et ad hoc vadiauit legem per plegium balliui. 
 
 Portfolio 182, no. 17. 32-33 Edw. III. 
 
 Kent. 
 
 m. 3 d. Wy Curia tenta ibidem in crastino Sancti Martini, 
 anno regni . . . xxxii°. 
 
 • «•(•••• 
 Compertum est per inquisicionem quod Iohan- 
 nes Delman iniuste cepit contra statutum domini 
 Regis seruientem Willelmi atte Toune extra ser- 
 uicium suum ad dampnum viii d. et dictus Iohan- 
 nes Delman in misericordia. Et preceptum est 
 fieri facere de bonis et catallis ipsius Iohannis 
 dictos viii d. ad vsum ipsius Willelmi taxatos per 
 inquisicionem. 
 
 Portfolio 203, no. 29. 29-30 Edw. III. 
 
 Suffolk. 
 
 m 1 d. Curia de Chilton tenta xxviii die Octobris. 
 
 anno xxix mo . 
 
 *••••••• 
 
 Misericordia Compertum est per inquisicionem in quam lo- 
 xii d. hannes le Skynnere (vi d.) et Ricardus le 
 
 Whyghte (vi d.) se posuerunt ad sectam domine 
 
 Recu- 
 
 peracio. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 397 * 
 
 quod iidem non tenent conuencionem inter eos 
 factam eo quod non veniunt ad seruiendum dom- 
 ine in autumpno. Ideo iidem Iohannes et Ricar- 
 dus sint in misericordia. 
 
 Preceptum est venire bonam inquisicionem ad 
 certificandum curie de hiis qui capiunt vltra stat- 
 utum ex quacumque causa etc. 
 
 m. 2. Curia de Chilton tenta xviii 0 die Nouembris, 
 
 anno xxix 0 . 
 
 Adhuc preceptum est venire bonam inquisic¬ 
 ionem ad certificandum curie de hiis qui capiunt 
 contra statutum ex quacumque causa. 
 
 Portfolio 197, no. 120. 27-28 Edw. III. 
 
 Shropshire. 
 
 m. 1. (Heading of court missing. Next court on 
 
 same membrane is “ patria de Ruyton,” in 27th 
 year.) 
 
 Exigi facias Margeriam, filiam Ricardi Nicols, 
 Iohannem (quietus est), filium Iohannis Bette 
 [etc.] 1 de curia in curiam si non comparuerint et 
 si comparuerint tunc eos capias et saluo custodias 
 
 Proxima. ita quod eos habeas ad proximam curiam ad re¬ 
 spondendum domino de statutis laborancium per 
 ipsos fractis etc. hie in curia. 
 
 No. 121. 29-30 [Edw. III]. 
 
 m. 2 d. Curia ville de Ruyton tenta die Iouis in festo 
 
 Sancti Barnabe apostoli, anno xxix. 
 
 1 Forty-five others named, more women than men; “ ponit se,” 
 “ ponit plegium,” or “ ex’ ” over some of the names. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 398* 
 
 Misericordie Inquisicio capta super seruientes et artifices qui 
 vi s. viii d. ceperunt contra ordinacionem statuti facta per 
 de ser- sacramentum . . } qui dicunt quod . . . 2 omnes 
 
 uientibus. illos et illas fregisse statutum; ideo in miseri- 
 
 cordia. 
 
 No. 122. 30-32 [Edw. III]. 
 
 m. 3. Ruyton. Curia laborancium patrie tenta die Iouis 
 
 proximo post festum Purificacionis beate Marie, 
 anno xxxi m0 . 
 
 Miser icordia 
 xii d. 
 
 Ricardus Holigost et Elena vxor eius, 3 po- 
 nunt se in graciam domini et affidaverunt, et 
 inueniunt hos plegios, videlicet, Henricum 
 Cutte et Nicholaum de Monford. 
 
 Misericordia Iohannes, seruiens Ieuan, ponit se et affidauit 
 vi d. per plegium Ieuan ap Iorum. 
 
 Misericordia 
 vi d. 
 
 Isabella, seruiens Iohannis Aleyns, ponit se 
 et affidauit per plegium ipsius Iohannis Aleyns. 
 
 Misericordia Willelmus Iankyns ponit se et affidauit per 
 nulla. plegium Iohannis Aleyns. 
 
 Misericordia Willelmus de Coton ponit se et affidauit per 
 nulla. plegium Philippi Aleyns. 
 
 Quia testatum est per taxatores quod cep¬ 
 erunt moderate etc. 
 
 m. 7. Curia patrie de Ruyton tenta die Lune prox¬ 
 
 imo ante festum Sancti Michaelis Archangeli^ 
 anno xxxi mo . 
 
 1 Three jurors. 
 
 2 Eleven names. I leave the clerk’s infinitive after ‘‘quod/' 
 
 * “ Ponunt etc.,” “affid.” written above the names. 
 
Misericordia 
 ii d. 
 
 m. 8. 
 
 Finis 
 
 supersedeas. 
 
 DOCUMENTS , LISTS AND TABLES 399 * 
 
 Iohannes le Taillour pro excessiua mercede 
 capta, vt ipsemet cognouit, in misericordia. 
 
 Curia generalis patrie de Ruyton tenta die 
 Martis proximo, in vigilia omnium Sanctorum, 
 xxxi 0 . 
 
 Curia parua tenta ibidem, die et anno pre- 
 dictis. 
 
 % 
 
 • ••••••• 
 
 Galfridus de Stanwardyn, Thomas Russell,. 
 Iohannes Balle, quia non habuerunt Iohannem 
 le Taillour vtlagatum pro eo quod cepit exces- 
 sum et expatriauit, committuntur custodie 
 quousque finem inde fecerint. 
 
400 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 * 
 
 F. Records of the Central Courts. (C/. pt. ii, ch. ii.) 
 For an account of the sources, see pt. ii, ch. ii, s. I. 
 
 1. Extracts from Ancient Indictments and Assize Rolls. 
 
 2. Form of writs, counts, exigends, pardons for outlawry from 
 
 the Registrum, Novae Narrationes , Coroners’ Rolls and 
 Patent Rolls. 
 
 3. List of 44 reports from Year Books and abridgments and 
 
 of the corresponding records from Coram Rege and De 
 Banco Rolls. 
 
 4. Cases 44, 31, 6, 42 and 20. 
 
 5. Cases 10, 17, 28, 32 and 36. 
 
 6. Cases 9, 38 and 43. 
 
 /. Extracts from Ancient Indictments and Assise Rolls. 
 
 For an account of this series of documents, see app., 143; 
 also pt. ii, ch. ii, s. 1 and s. 3. 
 
 Ancient Indictments, Dorset, no. 19. 
 
 (A bundle of about 40 crumpled membranes.) 
 Whitewey. 
 
 Inquisicio capta apud Shirebourn coram Rege die Mercurii 
 proxima post festum Sancte Petronille, anno regni Regis Ed- 
 wardi tercii post conquestum xxxii 0 per sacramentum. 
 
 Shafton. 
 
 Iurati dicunt quod. 
 
 Item dicunt quod Thomas Trente cepit extorsiue pro xl bus- 
 sellis mensurandis et sigillandis apud Shafton xx s.; videlicet, 
 pro quolibet bussello vi d., videlicet, de Iohanne Chirchey vi d. 
 
 et sic de pluribus aliis ad summam predictam anno xxxi 0 . 
 
 Item dicunt quod Walterus Penystrong et Willelmus Russel 
 et Ricardus Chaldewell de Okford Fitzpayn et Willelmus de 
 Assh vendunt pisces nimis care, ad dampnum populi et contra 
 statutum domini Regis et vsi sunt per ii annos elapsos etc. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 401 
 
 * 
 
 Assize Roll, Essex, 267. 25 Echv. III. 66 membranes. 
 
 Praesentationes apud Chelmsford. 
 
 m. 39 d. has the following entry: Presentaciones coram Rege 
 termino Michaelis, anno regni Regis Edwardi tercii post con- 
 questum Anglie xxv to , apud Chelmersford in comitatu Essex’. 
 
 Coram Rege Roll, no. 365, Mich, term of the 25th year, is 
 headed “ Westminster and Chelmsford.” 
 
 In view of this evidence it is clear that the above classifica¬ 
 tion as an “Assize Roll” is erroneous and that the roll belongs 
 with “coram Rege” indictments. It also seems probable that 
 those membranes of Assize Roll, Essex, 268, 1 that do not in¬ 
 clude proceedings before justices of labourers, contain “coram 
 Rege” presentments similar to those in no. 267. For conven¬ 
 ience of treatment the indictments against a subsidy collector 
 recorded in both these rolls have been taken out of their proper 
 place and printed in the section on the subsidy. 2 
 
 m. 9 d. Hundredum de Aungre. 8 
 
 Trans- Item presentant quod cum Robertus Gyppe et 
 
 gressio. Iohannes, filius eius, accusati fuerint de artificio 
 
 tannatoris coram Iohanne de Sutton 4 et sociis suis 
 iusticiariis domini Regis super laborariis et artifi- 
 cariis apud Chelmesford anno xxv t0 , venit quidam 
 Willelmus Page, balliuus Thome de Lucy, tunc 
 vicecomitis Essex’, apud Aungre, die Lune in septi- 
 mana Pentecostes, anno supradicto, et attachiauit 
 predictos Robertum et Ionannem de diuersis trans- 
 gressionibus et feloniis, ita quod nisi voluerint in- 
 
 1 See app., 169. 
 
 1 App., 265-267. Since a number of selections from no. 268 are printed 
 under both the heads just referred to, none are given in this section. 
 
 n “ Inquisicio ibidem presentat ” is understood before the present¬ 
 ments in the hundred of Aungre; “ iuratores presentant” before the 
 others. 
 
 4 For his appointment, cf. app., 126. 
 
402 * 
 
 m. io. 
 
 Trans- 
 
 gressio. 
 
 Trans- 
 
 gressio. 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 uenisse sufficientem manucapcionem essendi ad 
 proximam deliberacionem tunc proxime sequentem, 
 volebat ipsos duxisse vsque ad castrum Colecestr’; 
 ad quam deliberacionem iidem Robertus et Io- 
 hannes venerunt coram Ricardo de Wyllughby et 
 Willelmo de Notton ad standum recto iuxta at- 
 tachiamentum predictum et nullum indictamentum 
 felonie nec transgressionis tunc super ipsos fuit 
 inuentum; ita quod dicti iusticiarii super iniuria 
 predicta vehementer mirabantur; set super excessu 
 artificii sui predicti finem fecerunt coram dictis ius- 
 ticiariis et presentant quod idem Robertus, causa 
 dicti attachiamenti iniuste facti, expendit in denariis 
 numeratis x marcas. 
 
 • ••••••• 
 
 Item presentant quod Edmundus Coliere, Iohan- 
 nes, dictus Longeion, Petrus Esthey et Thomas le 
 Hirde, vocatus Marchal, solebant esse communes 
 laboratores et nunc negant laborare nisi excessiue 
 capiant etc. 
 
 Item presentant quod Iohannes Leuenoch de 
 Stanford Ryuers, coopertor domorum, non minus 
 operare quam pro qualibet dieta tres denarios et 
 bona cibaria et bonum potum. 
 
 Item presentant quod Simon Pykard, carnifex et 
 piscenarius et candelarius de Aungre, Iohannes 
 Scot, piscenarius et candelarius et pultarius et facit 
 recia, et Willelmus le Cook, carnifex de eadem 
 villa, vendunt contra ordinacionem. 
 
 Item presentant quod Alicia, vxor Willelmi Sayer 
 de Westwode, Margareta atte Strete, Matillis, vxor 
 Willelmi Walkok, dryuere, de eadem, bene et for- 
 titer sciunt metere et nolunt facere causa gleniandi, 
 ad magnum dampnum. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 403 * 
 
 Trans- Item presentant quod Iohannes Pynchon, 1 * ro- 
 
 gressio. tarius, manens apud Brendewode, facit artificium 
 suum nimis care et vendit contra ordinacionem, 
 videlicet, par rotarum pro x s. vbi solebat vendere 
 pro iiii s. 
 
 Trans- Item presentant quod Iohannes Coke, faber de 
 
 gressio. Northwelde, smyth de hundredo de Herlawe, nimis 
 capit pro artificio suo, ad magnum dampnum et 
 contra statutum etc. 
 
 Trans- Item presentant quod Thomas Faukoner de Mor- 
 
 gressio, ton, carpentarius, negat facere artificium suum ad 
 magnum dampnum et quando facit et laborat nimis 
 excessiue capit pro labore contra ordinacionem etc. 
 
 Item presentant quod Ricardus Beneyt de North¬ 
 welde de hundredo de Herlawe, plastarius, est nimis 
 carus de artificio suo et non vult laborare nisi ex¬ 
 cessiue capiat pro labore suo etc. 
 
 m. 20. Libertas Episcopi Eliensis. 
 
 ♦ ••••••• 
 
 Item dicunt quod Rogerus Fresch,* salterius dd 
 Wodeham Ferers, vendidit i quarterium salis pro 
 Trans- xii s. contra statutum ad graue dampnum patrie in 
 gressio. forma predicta et contra sacramentum suum. 
 
 Item dicunt quod Willelmus Vyncent * de Wode¬ 
 ham Ferers iuratus fuit coram iusticiariis domini 
 Trans- Regis ad vendendum lagenam ceruisie pro i d. ob., 
 gressio. et post iuramentum suum vendidit i lagenam cer¬ 
 uisie pro ii d. et per falsam mensuram contra ordi¬ 
 nacionem et contra sacramentum suum. 
 
 m. 37. Hundredum de Bekyntre. 
 
 1 In all the extracts in this section the asterisk indicates that in the 
 original “ finem fecit ” is written over the name. 
 
404* 
 
 m. 37 d. 
 
 m. 39. 
 Trans- 
 gressio. 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 Item dicunt quod Alicia de Tademere,* Marga- 
 reta Tademere,* et Isabella Hamondes,* sunt emp- 
 tores et venditores bladorum in locis secretis et non 
 manifeste in mercatis, nec volunt cum aliquo in 
 autumpno metere nec aliquod aliud opus extra 
 autumpnum facere nisi capere valeant in triplum 
 plus quam percipere solebant. Et siquid lane fila- 
 uerint, capiunt pro i libra lane filanda vi d. et anti- 
 quitus capere solebant pro huiusmodi filacione ii d. 
 tantum, contra ordinaciones Regis. 
 
 • »»••••• 
 
 Item dicunt quod Henricus Caps,* whelere, 1 ven- 
 didit vnum par rotarum ad vii s. uel ad viii. s. nec 
 vult cum aliquo operari per vnum diem nisi capeat 
 per diem sustentacionem ciborum et potuum et pro 
 suo stipendio per vnum diem vi d. contra ordina- 
 cionem etc. 
 
 Item dicunt quod Iohannes Bansted,* tyghelere, 2 
 Iohannes Holenam,* carpentarius, Iohannes Ham- 
 ond, sawer 3 et falcator, noluerunt operari secun¬ 
 dum formam statuti, sed de villa de Berkynge vsque 
 ad London’ recesserunt et ibidem moram trahunt; 
 set vicissim redeunt, set laborare nolunt, contra 
 ordinaciones domini Regis inde factas, in magnam 
 oppressionem et dampnum populi, et quilibet eorum 
 capit per diem quando laborat in Essex’ viii d. et 
 plus, vbi solebat capere iiii d. tantum. 
 
 Item iuratores dicunt quod Ricardus Lepere * de 
 Stratford facit sportas et vannas et illas vendidit 
 contra assisam, videlicet, vnam vannam pro xviii d. 
 uel ii s., vbi vendere solebat pro x d. uel viii d., ad 
 
 1 Written above “ rotarius ” which has a line through it. 
 
 3 Written above “ tegulator ” which has a line through it. 
 
 3 Written above “sarrator” which has a line through it. 
 
Trans- 
 
 gressio. 
 
 Trans- 
 
 gressio. 
 
 m. 43a. 
 
 DOCUMENTS , LISTS AND TABLES 405 * 
 
 graue dampnum Regis et tocius populi sui et contra 
 statutum etc. 
 
 • •«*•••* 
 
 Item clicunt quod Iohannes Poggere,* senior, 
 Iohannes Poggere,* iunior, Iohannes Brok,* Gal- 
 fridus Haryngeye,* Willelmus Speer,* Stephanus 
 Mayi,* sunt fullones et capiunt pro fullacione iii 
 pannorum ad molendinum iii s. et solebant capere 
 nisi xvi d., ad dampnum tocius patrie et contra 
 assisam etc. 
 
 Item dicunt quod Iohannes Bartholomeu,* Wil¬ 
 lelmus Bette,* et Michael le Thecchere * de West- 
 hamme, sunt coopertores et nolunt operari nisi 
 capiant per diem iiii d. uel v d. et victum suum et 
 nolunt viuere per talem victum sicut eis decet uel 
 magister illorum facit nisi habeant meliores, in 
 oppressionem populi et contra statutum etc. 
 
 Item dicunt quod Willelmus Haleman,* Iohannes 
 Thresshere,* Adam Bokeler, Willelmus Fotyng,* 
 Iohannes Morwan, Iohannes Tristram, Thomas 
 Auncel, Iohannes Roulond,* Iohannes Bacoun et 
 Iohannes Capoun tenent carucas suas ad locandum 
 vicinis suis et nolunt minus arare per acram cum 
 vicinis suis quam xviii d. vel xx d., ad graue damp¬ 
 num tocius patrie, et solebant capere nisi x d* ad 
 plus, contra statutum in oppressionem populi. 
 
 Chelmersford. Magna Inquisicio. 
 
 (A long list of bakers, bottlemakers, brewers, but¬ 
 chers, carpenters, chandlers, cobblers, cooks, drap¬ 
 ers, fishermen, glovers, pelterers, sadlers, smiths, 
 tailors, tavern-keepers, and woolmongers, with the 
 following note on dorse:) 
 
 Quilibet in artificio suo in ista cedula infra con- 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 tentus nimis excessiue cepit contra statutum etc. 
 postquam fecit finem. 
 
 (Heading torn off.) 
 
 Item ils presentent qe le Lundy proscheyn de- 
 uaunt le feste de Seynt Michel, lan du regne nostre 
 seignur le Roy qore est xxiii en la ville de Gody- 
 chestre, Roberd ate Tye de mesme la ville coue- 
 naunt fist auesqe Thomas Huberd au manoir le dit 
 Thomas en la ville susdit a tenyr la carue le dit 
 Thomas. Et pur ce qe le dit Thomas ne voilleit 
 doner au dit Roberd blee et salarie excercyue en- 
 countre lestatut, le dit Roberd refusa et desent le 
 dit Thomas de soun seruice; par qei le dit Thomas 
 perdist la value de xx liures de tearre par vn an, 
 a tort et en contempt du Roy et encountre lestatut 
 nadgers ordeyne pur seruauntz et laborers. Et par 
 mesme la manere Waulter de Thaxstede. charetter, 
 de soun seruice deseint le dit Thomas. 
 
 Ancient Indictments, Hertford, no. 38. 27 membranes. 
 
 (Endorsement.) 
 
 m. 20. Indictamenta coram domino Rege apud villam de 
 
 Sancto Albano in comitatu Hertford’, termino 
 Michaelis, anno regni Regis Edwardi tercii post 
 conquestum Anglie vicesimo octauo. 
 
 m. 22 d. 
 
 Item dicunt quod tinctores, pannarii et tannatores 
 commorantes in villa de Ware, vbi non solebant esse 
 nisi infra burgum de Hertford’, ad graue dampnum 
 domini Regis et domine Isabelle Regine, domine 
 eiusdem ville Hertford’ et tocius communitatis ville 
 de Hertford’ predicte et contra libertatem predicte 
 Regine, et quod iidem tinctores et tannatores nimis 
 excessiue vtuntur artificio suo, videlicet, predicti 
 tinctores capiunt pro panno, aliquando dimidiam 
 
 406 * 
 
 m. 64. 
 
 Trans- 
 
 gressio. 
 
 R atte 
 Tye. 
 
 W. de 
 Thaxsted. 
 
DOCUMENTS , LISTS AND TABLES 407 * 
 
 marcam, aliquando xl d. et aliquando plus, vbi sole- 
 bant capere pro panno vi d. tantum, et predicti 
 tannatores emunt corea bouina et alia diuersa corea 
 ad leue precium, et ea vendere nolunt nisi lucrantur 
 super vendicione in quadriplum ad maximam op- 
 pressionem ad dampnum tocius populi. 
 
 (A list follows including brewers, butchers, cooks, 
 cordwainers, innkeepers, shoemakers, one tanner, 
 tailors, and vendors of ale; the sum taken in excess 
 is noted after each name.) 
 
 Ancient Indictments, Middlesex, no. 66. (A bundle of about 
 75 crumpled membranes so tightly fastened together that it 
 is almost impossible to read them.) 
 
 (Endorsement on last membrane.) 
 
 Presentaciones coram domino Rege apud Westmonasterium 
 de annis regni Regis Edwardi tercii post conquestum Anglie 
 vicesimo tercio et quarto et quinto. Midd\ 
 
 (Many of the presentments are without headings, although 
 usually the names of the jurors are given. Various dates are 
 recorded on those membranes where the headings are pre¬ 
 served; e. g.: termino Trinitatis anno xxviii 0 , termino Hillarii 
 xxvii°, termino Hillarii xxvi to , etc.) 
 
 Middlesex. Magna Inquisicio. 
 
 • • • • • • • • 
 
 Item presentant quod Iohannes Bedeman de Kensyngton, 
 messor, Iohannes le Foulere de eadem, falcator, Hugo Mers- 
 sheman de eadem, messor, et Isabella, vxor eius, wedere, Ri- 
 cardus Hankyn, Iohannes atte Hatche, Robertus Freke, Rober- 
 tus Tyngewych, Henricus Toot, Robertus Prynce, laboratores, 
 qui iurati fuerunt ad seruiendum diuersis magistris suis ante 
 autumpnum, et noluerunt seruire alicui nisi per diem contra 
 statutum et ceperunt quilibet eorum per excessum in autumpno 
 vltimo, ii s. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 408 * 
 
 Nicholaus de Hefton et socii sui. 
 
 Omnes subscripts vsi sunt artificibus suis contra nouas ordi- 
 naciones Regis in extorsionem et oppressionem populi Regis, 
 videlicet, a festo Pasche anno xxv to vsque diem Lune proxi- 
 mum ante festum Ascensionis Domini tunc proxime sequen- 
 tem, et quilibet eorum cepit per excessum infra predictum 
 tempus prout patet in sequenti. . . . 
 
 De termino Michaelis. 
 
 Walterus de Leghton et socii sui. 
 
 Midd’ 
 
 Iurati presentant quod Robertus Porter de Herefeld,* Wil- 
 lelmus Mechleburn de eadem,* et Ricardus Baker * de eadem 
 et Galfridus Payn de eadem,* communes laboratores, capiunt, 
 videlicet, quilibet eorum quaque die quatuor denarios pro labor- 
 ibus suis, vbi capere solebant per diem nisi duos denarios. 
 
 Et Willelmus Frensh, tyghelere de Deneham, verberauit, vul- 
 nerauit et male tractauit Henricum Goday, tyghelere, die Lune 
 proximo ante festum apostolorum Simonis et Iude, anno regni 
 Regis nunc xxiiii t0 , apud Woxebrigg. 1 Et idem Willelmus 
 Frensh et Henricus Goday sunt communes laboratores, et qui¬ 
 libet eorum capit per diem sex denarios et prandium suum pro 
 laboribus suis. 
 
 Et quod Willelmus Poynt * de Farleston et Iohannes Pulder 
 de eadem, falcatores, vbi solebant capere sex denarios per diem 
 pro laboribus suis, modo capiunt duodecim. 
 
 Et quod Stephanus de Stratford * de Couele, communis 
 laborator, vbi solebat capere per diem vnum denarium capit 
 quatuor denarios. 
 
 • •••••«•«« 
 Midd’ 
 
 Iurati diuersorum hundredorum presentant quod cum per 
 ordinacionem et consilium domini Regis ordinatum sit quod 
 nullus seruiens, cuiuscumque generis sit, in seruicio alicuius re- 
 
 1 Now Uxbridge. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 409 * 
 
 tentus ante finem termini concordati a seruicio suo sine licencia 
 sua recedat nec plus pro stipendiis suis quam anno Regis nunc 
 vicesimo vel annis precedentibus perciperant capiant, sub foris- 
 factura bonorum suorum domino Regi forisfaciendorum, Adam 
 
 D- 1 manens in parochia de Hadleye, nuper seruiens 
 
 Henrici de Frowyk, ante finem termini inter eos concordati sine 
 licencia et voluntate ipsius Henrici recessit, pro eo quod ipse 
 noluit dare ei plus quam solitus fuit dare in predictis anno 
 vicesimo Regis nunc et annis proxime precedentibus, contra 
 statutum Regis etc., et ad graue dampnum ipsius Henrici et 
 contra ordinacionem predictam etc. 
 
 Ancient Indictments, Suffolk, no. 114. 
 
 One of the membranes has the following endorsement: In- 
 quisicio capta coram domino Rege apud Bury in comitatu Suff 
 termino Sancti Michaelis anno regni . . . vicesimo sexto. 
 
 • •••••••«• 
 
 Gula. 
 
 • «**•••••• 
 
 (Presentment against Thomas Savage for a violent attack on 
 a servant of the vicar.) 
 
 Wayneford. 2 
 
 Item presentant quod predictus Thomas die Lune proxima 
 post festum Sancti Iohannis Baptiste, anno regni Regis Ed- 
 wardi tercii a conquestu vicesimo quinto, apud Soterleye vi et 
 armis, scilicet, gladio et pelta, domum Iohannis le Neuman 
 contra pacem domini Regis et contra voluntatem predicti Io¬ 
 hannis intrauit et eundem Iohannem ibidem- 3 verberauit, 
 
 vulnerauit et male tractauit et a verberacione predicta non ces- 
 sauit quousque predictus Iohannes se obligauit et manucepit 
 
 1 Illegible because a parchment string is drawn tightly through the 
 
 name. 
 
 3 Now Wangford. 
 
 8 Hole through the parchment. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 410 * 
 
 predicto Thome deseruire in officio carpentarii continue per 
 vnum mensem absque aliquo salario. 
 
 • *•••••••• 
 
 (Heading torn away.) 
 
 Item dicunt quod cum Thomas le Clerk de Prestone et Simon 
 Aleyn, subconstabularii ville de Prestone, anno xxiiii 0 presip- 
 uerunt et assignauerunt Ricardum Digg, communem labor- 
 arium, ad seruiendum diuersis hominibus ville de Prestone in 
 ecclesia de Prestone, ibi venit Thomas, perpetuus vicarius de 
 Prestone, et inquirit de predictis constabulariis quo precepto 
 predicti constabularii precipuerunt predicto Ricardo ad ser¬ 
 uiendum, et predicti constabularii responderunt quod fecerunt 
 precepto Regis et iusticiariorum suorum, et predictus Thomas, 
 perpetuus vicarius, dixit in facie ecclesie quod omnes iusticiarii 
 fuerunt excommunicati, ita quod postea predictus Ricardus 
 noluit deseruire nisi ad voluntatem propriam per abandacionem 
 predicti 1 Thome. 
 
 • •*•«»•••• 
 Thinghowe. 
 
 *»»•••••• 
 
 Item dicunt quod cum Galfridus Sped de Somerton 
 fecit conuencionem cum Nicolao Pikard ad deseruien- 
 dum dicto Nicholao in officio carucarii et de aliis min- 
 utis officiis sibi assignandis a festo Sancti Micaelis 
 Arkangeli anno Regis nunc xxvi t0 vsque ad finem anni 
 Trans- completi, venit Adam de Gatisberi et dictum Galfri- 
 gressio. dum procurauit quod frangeret conuencionem factam 
 cum dicto Nicolao et secum moram feceret in dicto 
 officio sibi deseruiendo et sic ipsum Galfridum abduxit 
 et ipsum retinuit iniuste. Et cum ad querelam dicti 
 Nicolay, balliuus hundredi de Risebridge, habens man- 
 datum ad dictum Galfridum capiendum et ducendum 
 coram iusticiariis sedentibus super laborarios, venit vt 
 ipsum caperet, et dictus Adam venit et rescussum fecit 
 
 * MS. predicte. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 411 * 
 
 quod balliuus ipsum habere non potuit, et dictus Gal- 
 fridus recedens de domo dioti Nicolay seruras dom- 
 orum suarum fregit et secum portauit et alia bona ad 
 valenciam xx solidorum apud Rede. 
 
 2. Form of writs, counts, exigends, etc. 
 
 Extracts from the Registrum, Novae Narrationes , Coroners’ 
 
 Rolls and Patent Rolls. 
 
 Registrum Breviurn Originalium , 1 119; cf. Fitzherbert, New 
 
 Nat. Brev., 388-389. 
 
 Attachiamentum factum super quadam ordinatione A. 25. 
 contra servientes. 
 
 Rex, vicecomiti Lincoln’ salutem. Si A. fecerit, etc. tunc 
 attachies I. de B. ita quod eum habeas coram nobis in octavis 
 sancti Michaelis ubicunque etc. ad respondendum tarn nobis 
 quam praefato A. quare cum per nos et consilium nostrum pro 
 communi utilitate regni nostri Angliae ordinatum sit, quod si 
 aliquis messor, falcator, aut alius operarius vel serviens cujus- 
 cunque status fuerit seu conditionis in servitio alicujus reten- 
 tus, ante finem termini concordati, a servitio praedicto sine 
 causa rationabili vel licentia recesserit, poenam imprisonamenti 
 subeat, et nullus sub eadem poena talem in servitio recipere vel 
 retinere praesumat, nec ullus vadia, liberationes, mercedes, seu 
 salaria majora quam solita tunc praestari anno regni nostri 
 Angliae vicesimo vel annis communibus quinque aut sex prox- 
 imis praecedentibus, alicui servienti solvat vel solvere promit- 
 tat: praedictus Johannes de B. Richardum nuper servientem 
 praedicti Adulphi, qui a servitio ejusdem Adulphi ante finem 
 termini inter eos concordati, facta sibi promissione per ipsum 
 Johannem de salario plus solito recipiendo, sine causa ration¬ 
 abili vel licentia praedicti Adulphi recessit in servitium ipsius 
 Johannis, quamquam ipse de praefato Richardo eidem Adulpho 
 restituendo requisitus fuerit, admisit, et retinuit, in nostri con- 
 temptum, et ipsius Adulphi grave damnum, et contra formam 
 
 1 For the edition of the Registrum , see my bibliography. 
 
412 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 * 
 
 ordinationis praedictae. Attachies etiam praefatum Richardum, 
 ita quod eum habeas tunc ibidem, ad respondendum tarn prae- 
 fato Adulpho [quam nobis], quare a servitio ejusdem Adulphi 
 sine licentia sua, ut praedictum est, recessit, ad grave damnum, 
 etc. et contra ordinationem praedictam. Et habeas ibi hoc 
 breve. 
 
 Teste etc. Breve de ordinatione. 
 
 Ibid., 189; cf. Fitzherbert, New Nat. Brev., 389. 1 
 
 De attachiando non habentes unde vivant qui recusant servire. 
 
 Rex, vicecomiti salutem. Si A. fecerit, etc., tunc attachies 
 B. et C. ita quod eos habeas coram justitiariis, etc., ad re¬ 
 spondendum tarn nobis quam praefato A. quare cum per dom- 
 inum E. nuper regem Angliae, etc., et consilium suum, pro 
 communi utilitate ejusdem regni ordinatum sit, quod quilibet 
 homo et foemina ejusdem regni cujuscunque conditionis fuerit, 
 liberae vel servilis, potens in corpore, et infra aetatem sexa- 
 ginta annorum, non vivens de mercatura, nec certum exercens 
 artificium, nec habens de suo proprio unde vivat nec terram 
 propriam circa cujus culturam se poterit occupare, et alteri 
 non serviens, si de serviendo in servitio pro statu suo congruo 
 fuerit requisitus vel requisita, servire teneatur illi qui ipsum sic 
 duxerit requirendum et percipiat duntaxat vadia, liberationes, 
 mercedes, seu salaria, quae in locis, ubi servire debeat, anno 
 regni dicti avi nostri vicesimo, vel annis communibus quinque 
 vel sex proximis praecedentibus solita sunt praestari, et si tabs 
 vir et mulier, qui vel quae de sic serviendo requisitus vel re¬ 
 quisita fuerit, hoc facere noluerit, statim capiatur, et proximae 
 mittatur gaolae et ibidem sub arcta moretur custodia quousque 
 securitatem invenerit de sic serviendo in forma praedicta, ac 
 idem A. praefatis B. et C. qui ad serviendum juxta formam 
 ordinationis praedictae tenentur, servitium pro statu suo com- 
 petens ac hujusmodi competens salarium frequenter obtulerit: 
 praedicti B. et C. pro hujusmodi competente salario penitus 
 servire recusarunt vel recusaverint, in nostri contemptum, et 
 
 ‘The form given by Fitzherbert is against one offender only. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 413 
 
 * 
 
 praedicti A. grave damnum, et contra formam ordinationis 
 praedictae. Et habeas ibi hoc breve. 
 
 Teste etc. 
 
 Novae Narrationes in Natura Brevium , ed. 1534, p. 275. 
 
 De Estatute de Laborers. 1 
 
 Ceo vous monstre A. etc. que C. etc. que come ordeigne soit 
 per le Roy E., nadgairs Roy d’Engleterre, aiel nostre syre le 
 Roy quore est et son counsayle, pur le comen profyte de mesme 
 le royalme, si ascun servaunt en le servyce d’ascun soyt retenus, 
 et devant la fyn de terme accordes, de mesme le service sans 
 cause resonable ou licens departye, le payne d’emprysonmenf 
 doyt southaler: mesme cesty D. en le servyce le dit A., a tiel 
 lieu deins mesme le counte ou le briefe est porte nadgairs re¬ 
 tenus, scilicet, a la fest de Saynte Mychel lan nostre syre le 
 Roy que ore est le tierce, tanques a mesme la fest adonques 
 prochein ensuant per un an entier, de servyer en office de 
 carter, preignant pour son labour avauntdit, 2 marcz per an, 
 et un hoppelande, 2 encountre la feste de Pasques mesme Tan 
 le dit D. tiel jour, an et lieu, departy hors du dit service sans 
 licens et counge le dit A., a tort et as damages etc. et encountre 
 la purveaunce avauntdit. 
 
 Rotulus Coronatoris, Suffolk, 175, 28-31 Edw. III. 12 mem¬ 
 branes. 3 
 
 Stiff’ Edwardus, Dei gracia Rex Anglie et Francie et dom- 
 inus Hibernie, vicecomiti Suff’, salutem. Precipimus 
 
 1 1 am indebted to Professor J. B. Ames for collating my transcript of 
 this document, made from an edition in the Harvard Law library. 
 
 2 Houppelande, a great coat. 
 
 3 The inadequate description in the official list of this roll and of the 
 succeeding roll for Suffolk has already been mentioned; app., 144; 239. 
 In the same list of Coroners’ Rolls, there is a roll for Lincoln correctly 
 described, Rotulus de Exigendis, 65, 17-28 Edw. Ill; it contains in¬ 
 stances of the exigends of offenders against the statutes convicted in 
 the upper courts. 
 
414 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 * 
 
 tibi quod exigi facias Thomam Goche de Stonham et 
 Thomam Burrich, shepherde, de comitatu in comitatum 
 quousque secundum legem et consuetudinem regni nostri 
 Anglie vthlagentur, si non comparuerint, et si compar- 
 uerint, tunc eos capias et eos saluo custodias ita quod 
 habeas corpora eorum coram iusticiariis nostris apud 
 Westmonasterium in octabis Sancti Iohannis Baptiste ad 
 respondendum tarn nobis quam priori Hospitalis Sancti 
 Iohannis in Ierusalem in Anglia, de placito quare cum 
 per nos et consilium nostrum et pro communi vtilitate 
 regni nostri Anglie ordinatum sit quod si aliquis ser- 
 uiens, cuiuscumque status seu condicionis fuerit, in ser- 
 uicio alicuius retentus ante finem termini concordati a 
 dicto seruicio sine licencia aut causa racionabili reces- 
 serit, penam imprisonamenti subeat, et nullus sub eadem 
 pena talem in seruicio suo recipere vel retinere presumat, 
 predictus Thomas Goche predictum Thomam Burrich 
 nuper seruientem predicti prioris in seruicio suo apud 
 Batysford retentum, qui a seruicio eiusdem prioris ante 
 finem termini inter eos concordati sine causa racionabili 
 et licencia ipsius prioris recessit, in seruicium predicti 
 Thome Goche, quamquam idem Thomas Goche de pre- 
 fato Thoma Burrich eidem priori restituendo requisitus 
 fuerit, admisit et retinuit, in nostri contemptum et pre¬ 
 dicti prioris graue dampnum et contra formam ordina- 
 cionis predicte. Et de placito quare predictus Thomas 
 Burrich a seruicio eiusdem prioris ante finem termini 
 inter eos concordati sine causa racionabili et licencia 
 ipsius prioris, vt predictum est, recessit in nostri con¬ 
 temptum et predicti prioris graue dampnum, ac contra 
 ordinacionem predictam. Et vnde tu ipse mandauisti 
 iusticiariis nostris apud Westmonasterium in octabis 
 Sancti Hillarii quod predicti Thomas et Thomas non 
 sunt inuenti in balliua tua etc. Et habeas ibi tunc hoc 
 breue. 
 
 Teste Rogero Hillar’, apud Westmonasterium, xxviii 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 415 * 
 
 die Ianuarii, anno regni nostri Anglie tricesimo, regni 
 vero nostri Francie decimo septimo. 
 
 Ro. xxix 1 vnde. 
 
 (The whole series of exactions is given, resulting in 
 outlawry.) 
 
 Rotuli Literarum Patencium, 28 Edw. Ill, pt. 1, m. 26; De 
 pardonacione vtlagarie. 
 
 Rex omnibus balliuis et fidelibus suis ad quos etc., salutem. 
 Sciatis quod cum Adam de Shareshull, chiualer, nuper impla- 
 citasset coram nobis per breue nostrum Walterum le Keue et 
 Ricardum le Keue de eo quod ipsi lohannem Deuensshire, 
 seniorem, et lohannem Deuensshire, iuniorem, nuper seruientes 
 predicti Ade in seruicio suo apud Escote retentos, qui ab eodem 
 seruicio ante finem termini inter eos concordati sine licencia 
 ipsius Ade et causa racionabili recesserunt, in seruicio ipsorum 
 Walteri et Ricardi admiserunt et retinuerunt contra formam 
 ordinacionis per nos et consilium nostrum inde facte, ac iidem 
 Walterus et Ricardus pro eo quod non venerunt coram nobis 
 ad respondendum inde tarn nobis quam prefato Ade secundum 
 legem et consuetudinem regni nostri Anglie in exigendis possiti 
 fuissent in comitatu Oxon’ ad vtlagandum et ea occasione post- 
 modum vtlagati, sicut per tenorem recordi et processus vtlaga- 
 riarum predictarum quern coram nobis in cancellaria nostra sub 
 sigillo Willelmi de Shareshull, capitalis iusticiarii nostri, venire 
 fecimus nobis constat, ac prefati Walterus et Ricardus prisone 
 marescalcie nostre coram nobis se reddiderint occasione pre¬ 
 dicta, sicut idem Willelmus nos in dicta cancellaria nostra de 
 mandato nostro certificauit; nos, pietate moti, pardonauimus 
 eisdem Waltero et Ricardo vtlagarias predictas et firmam pacem 
 nostram eis inde concedimus; ita tamen quod stent recto in 
 curia nostra, si nos vel predictus Adam versus eos loqui vol- 
 uerimus vel voluerit de premissis. 
 
 1,4 Ro. xxix” refers to De Banco, 30, Hill., 29 d., where this case 
 begins. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 416 * 
 
 In cuius etc., teste Rege, apud Westmonasterium, xxix die 
 Ianuarii. 
 
 Cf. Coram Rege, 28, Hill., Rex, 6 d, Oxford, for the 
 record of the issue of the writ of exigend against the three 
 defendants named in the above pardon, and of the whole pro¬ 
 cess that resulted in their outlawry. They finally surrendered 
 themselves to the prison of the Marshalsea, and were then 
 brought into court by the marshal and showed the letter patent 
 of pardon for their outlawry. The outlawry is removed; later 
 Adam de Shareshull, the plaintiff, appears and says that he 
 does not wish to prosecute; therefore “ eant sine die.” 
 
 3. List of 44 reports from Year Books and abridgments and 
 of the corresponding records from the Plea Rolls. 
 
 ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS LIST. 
 
 D. B. = De Banco Roll. 
 
 C. R. — Coram Rege Roll. 
 
 F. H. — Fitzherbert’s abridgment. 
 
 B. = Brooke's abridgment. 
 
 S. = Statham’s abridgment. 
 
 Y. B. = 1678-80 edition of the Year Books. 
 
 Ass. = Liber Assisarum in this same edition. 
 
 B. M. = British Museum. 
 
 Of these 44 cases 15 are now in print, namely, cases 6, 9, 
 10, 17 , 20, 28, 31, 32, 36, 38, 42, 43 and 44 in app., F; the 
 record of case 39 in app., C; and case 7 in Villainage in 
 England. 
 
 1 27 Ass., Mich., pi. 15. Record not found. 
 
 2 27 Ass., Mich., pi. 21; F. H., Estoppel, 235; B., Laborers, 
 
 37, Briefe, 290, Accion sur lestatute, 19. 
 
 C. R., 27 Mich., Shareshull, 73 d, London. 
 
 3 Y. B., 28 Mich., 18, f. 21; F. H., Laborers, 50. 
 
 D. B., 28 Mich., 145, Bucks. 
 
 4 Y. B., 29 Hill., f. 5-6; F. IT, Briefe, 901. 
 
 D. B., 29 Hill., 138, Southampton. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 417 * 
 
 5 Y. B., 29 Pasch., f. 18; F. H., Proses, 213 (113 by error 
 
 in Y. B.). 
 
 D. B., 29 Pasch., 35, Essex. 
 
 6 Y. B., 29 Pasch., f. 27; F. H., Laborers, 54. 
 
 D. B., 29 Pasch., 59 d, Midd. 
 
 7 Y. B., 29 Trin., f. 41; F. H., Laborers, 53 and 55. 
 
 D. B., 29 Trin., 203, Oxford. (Report and record printed 
 by Vinogradoff, Villainage in England , 412-415.) 
 
 8 Y. B., 30 Hill, f. 6. 
 
 D. B., 30 Pasch., 43, Worcester. 
 
 9 Y. B., 30 Mich., f. 31. 
 
 D. B., 30 Mich., 193, Sussex. 
 
 10 F. H., 33 Hill., Laborers, 56. 
 
 D. B., 33 Hill., 183 d, Northants. 
 
 11 F. H., 33 Mich., Laborers, 57. Record not found. 
 
 12 Y. B., 38 Hill., f. 5. Report shows that it is a D. B. 
 
 case; D. B. roll wanting for this term. 
 
 13 Y. B., 38 Trin., f. 12; F. H., Laborers, 19; B., Labor¬ 
 
 ers, 25. 
 
 D. B., 38 Pasch., 56, Notts. Case begins; roll for Mich, 
 term wanting, and case does not appear in Trin. term. 
 
 14 Y. B., 39 Pasch., f. 6-7; F. H., Briefe, 505 ; B., Ioynder 
 
 in accion et in plee, 41. 
 
 D. B., 39 Hill., 367 d, Norfolk. Case begins; roll for 
 Trin. term wanting. 
 
 15 Y. B., 39 Trin., f. 14; B., Laborers, 34, General briefe et 
 
 special declaracion, 10, Parliament et Statutes, 25. Re¬ 
 port shows that it is a D. B. case; D. B. roll wanting 
 for this term. 
 
 16 Y. B., 39 Mich., f. 22; F. H., Laborers, 20; B., Laborers, 
 
 35, Double Plee, 70. 
 
 D. B., 39 Mich., 231 d, Camb. 
 
 17 Y. B., 39 Mich., f. 37; B., Trespas, 196. 
 
 D. B., 39 Mich., 428 d, Line. 
 
 18 Y. B., 40 Pasch., 27, f. 24. Record not found. 
 
 19 Y. B., 40 Mich., 2, f. 35; S., Laborers, 3; F. IT, Briefe, 
 
4 i8 * 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 527; B., Ioinder in accion et in plee, 6. Record not 
 found. 
 
 20 Y. B., 40 Mich., 16, f. 39; S., Laborers, 4; F. H., Labor¬ 
 
 ers, 21; B., Laborers, 5. Record not found. 
 
 21 Y. B., 41 Hill., 2, f. 1; S., Laborers, 5; F. H., Laborers,. 
 
 22; B., Lieu et Countie, 11. 
 
 D. B., 41 Hill., 240 d, London. 
 
 22 F. H., 41 Hill., Laborers, 25. 
 
 D. B., 41 Hill., 139 d, Herts. 
 
 23 F. H., 41 Hill., Laborers, 26. 
 
 D. B., 41 Hill., 30, York. 
 
 24 F. H., 41 Hill., Laborers, 27. 
 
 D. B., 41 Hill., 316 d, Norf. 
 
 25 F. H., 41 Hill., Laborers, 28. 
 
 D. B., 41 Pasch., 352, London. 
 
 26 F. H., 41 Pasch., Laborers, 29. 
 
 D. B., 41 Pasch., 29 d, Southampton. 
 
 27 Y. B., 41 Mich., 1, f. 17; F. H., Laborers, 23; B., Labor¬ 
 
 ers, 6. Record not found. 
 
 28 Y. B., 41 Mich., 4, f. 20; F. H., Laborers, 24 and 36; B., 
 
 Laborers, 7, Trauers per sauns ceo, 319. 
 
 D. B., 41 Mich., 180, Herts. 
 
 29 F. H., 41 Mich., Laborers, 30. 
 
 D. B., 41 Mich., 463, Kent. 
 
 30 F. H., 45 Hill., Laborers, 31. 
 
 D. B., 45 Hill., 70 d, Berks. 
 
 31 Y. B., 45 Mich., 11, f. 13-14; F. H., Laborers, 32 and 49; 
 
 B., Laborers, 8. 
 
 D. B., 45 Trin., 72, Notts. 
 
 32 Y. B., 45 Mich., 15, f. 15; F. H., Monstrans de Faits fines 
 
 et records, 151; S., Condicions, 3. 
 
 D. B., 45 Trin., 371, London. 
 
 33 Y. B., 46 Hill., 10, f. 4; F. H., Laborers, 33; B., Labor¬ 
 
 ers, 9. 
 
 D. B., 46 Hill., 251, Norf. 
 
 34 Y. B., 46 Pasch., 19, f. 14; F. H., Laborers, 35; B., La¬ 
 
 borers, 10. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 419 * 
 
 D. B., 49 Pasch., 410, London. 
 
 35 F. H., 46 Pasch., Laborers, 36. 
 
 D. B., 46 Pasch., 469 d, London. 
 
 36 Y. B., 47 Mich., 15, f. 14; F. H., Laborers, 37; B., La¬ 
 
 borers, 11. 
 
 D. B., 47 Pasch., 203 d, Kent. 
 
 37 Y. B., 47 Mich., 23, f. 16; B., Laborers, 12, Ioinder in 
 
 accion et plee, 15. Report proves that it is a C. R. 
 case; record not found. 
 
 38 Y. B., 47 Mich., 24, f. 16; F. H., Laborers, 38; B., La¬ 
 
 borers, 13. 
 
 D. B., 47 Trin., 230, Essex. 
 
 39 Y. B., 47 Mich., 38, f. 18-19; F. H., Laborers, 39; B., 
 
 Laborers, 14. 
 
 C. R., 48 Trin., Cavendissh, 87, Line. Possibly the be¬ 
 ginning of the case; it proves to be a case appealed 
 from quarter sessions. 
 
 40 Y. B., 47 Mich., 53, f. 22; F. H., Laborers, 40; B., La¬ 
 
 borers, 15. 
 
 D. B., 47 Mich., 279, London. 
 
 ‘41 Y. B., 49 Hill., 3, f. 2; B. Aide, 35, de son tort de¬ 
 mesne, 35. Record not found. 
 
 42 Y. B., 50 Trin., 3, f. 13; F. H., Laborers, 41; B., La¬ 
 
 borers, 16. 
 
 D. B., 50 Pasch., 100 d, Hunts. 
 
 43 Y. B., 50 Mich., 2, f. 21; F. H., Laborers, 42; B., No¬ 
 
 tice, 2, Laborers, 17, Villenage, 13. 
 
 D. B., 49 Mich., 302, Somerset. 
 
 44 Y. B., Add. MSS. B. M., 32,087, 38 Pasch. 
 
 1 
 
 D. B., 38 Pasch., 142, Kent. 
 
 4. Cases 44, 31, 6, 42 and 20. ( Cf . pt. ii, ch. ii, 4.) ' 
 
 Case 44. 
 
 British Museum, Add. MSS., 32,087; Year Book, f. 59. 
 Pas. xxxviii. diuers carpinter de le terme de ii ans. 
 
 Nota qun homme suyst vn bref sur lestatut de labores de- 
 
420 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 * 
 
 uers vn carpynter et counta qil couenaunt destre oue luy de 
 
 faire ouereignes de carpenter par ii. ans et il ale hors etc. 
 
 Belknap Vous veiez bien coment il ad pris cest bref 
 
 sur lestatut de labores et il ad counte deuers 
 nous come deuers carpenter et lestatut ne re- 
 strent pas corpynters mes qils ne preneront pur 
 le iourne outraieousement mes accordant al es- 
 tatut ou ceo bref est done il est done deuers 
 nulle forsque deuers labores; iugement si tiel 
 bref deuers nous gise. 
 
 Wychingham Vous veiez bien coment nous auons dit qil 
 
 fuist en nostre seruice et qil fist couenaunt oues- 
 que nous vt supra et qil departist hors de seruice 
 a qi il ne respond riens, iugement. 
 
 Et puis Belknap dit qil ne fist nulle couenaunt oue luy, prest 
 
 et alii encontra etc. 
 
 De Banco Roll, no. 417. 
 
 Placita apud Westmonasterium coram Roberto de Thorp 
 et sociis suis iusticiariis domini Regis de Banco de ter- 
 mino Pasche, anno regni Regis Edwardi tercii a con- 
 questu tricesimo octauo. 
 
 Rot. 142. 
 
 Kane’ Iohannes de Otteford, carpenter, attachiatus fuit ad 
 respondendum tarn domino Regi quam Iohanni Pec- 
 che, ciui London’, de placito quare cum per Regem et 
 consilium suum pro communi vtilitate regni sui ordi- 
 natum sit quod si aliquis seruiens in seruicio alicuius 
 retentus ante finem termini concordati a dicto ser¬ 
 uicio sine causa racionabili vel licencia recesserit, 
 penam imprisonamenti subeat, predictus Iohannes de 
 Otteford, nuper seruiens predicti Iohannis 1 Pecche, 
 in seruicio suo apud Lullyngston retentus, ab eodem 
 
 1 MS. Iohannes. 
 
DOCUMENTS , LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 421 
 
 * 
 
 seruicio ante finem termini inter eos concordati, sine 
 causa racionabili et licencia ipsius Iohannis Pecche 
 recessit, in Regis contemptum et ipsius Iohannis Pec¬ 
 che graue dampnum et contra formam ordinacionis 
 predicte etc. 
 
 Et vnde idem Iohannes Pecche qui sequitur etc. 
 queritur quod cum predictus Iohannes de Otteford 
 retentus fuisset cum prefato Iohanne Pecche apud 
 Lullyngston, die Lune proximo post festum Sancti 
 Bartholomei, anno regni domini Regis nunc tricesimo 
 sexto, ad deseruiendum eidem Iohanni Pecche ibidem 
 in officio carpentarii a festo Sancti Michaelis Arch¬ 
 angel i tunc proxime futuro per duos annos integros 
 tunc proxime sequentes, predictus Iohannes de Otte¬ 
 ford die Lune proximo ante festum Sancti Petri ad 
 Vincula anno regni domini Regis nunc tricesimo sep- 
 timo, ante finem termini predicti sine causa racionabili 
 vel licencia etc. a seruicio predicti Iohannis Pecche re¬ 
 cessit, in Regis contemptum et ipsius Iohannis Pecche 
 graue dampnum et contra formam ordinacionis pre¬ 
 dicte etc. vnde dicit quod deterioratus est et dampnum 
 habet ad valenciam viginti librarum, et inde producit 
 sectam etc. 
 
 Et predictus Iohannes de Otteford in propria per¬ 
 sona sua venit et defendit vim et iniuriam quando etc. 
 et quicquid etc. et dicit quod ipse non fuit retentus 
 cum predicto Iohanne Pecche ad deseruiendum ei per 
 tempus predictum, prout idem Iohannes Pecche su- 
 perius queritur, et de hoc ponit se super patriam; et 
 predictus Iohannes Pecche similiter. 
 
 Ideo preceptum est vicecomiti quod venire faciat hie 
 xv a die Sancte Trinitatis in xv dies per iusticiarios xii 
 Trini- etc. per quos etc. et qui nec etc. ad recognoscendum 
 
 tatis. etc. quia tarn etc. Et super hoc Iohannes Colpeper, 
 
 Iaceus de Groshurst, Willelmus Burkynghale et Io¬ 
 hannes Sacre de comitatu Kane’ manuceperunt pre- 
 
4 22 * APPENDIX 
 
 dictum Iohannem de Otteford habendi corpus eius 
 hie ad prefatum terminum et sic de die in diem ad 
 quern diem placiti quousque predicta iurata inde inter 
 eos transierit et iudicium inde redditum fuerit, vide¬ 
 licet, quilibet eorum corpus pro corpore etc. 
 
 Ad quern diem venerunt partes etc. et vicecomes 
 non misit breue. Ideo sicut prius preceptum est vice- 
 comiti quod venire faciat hie in octabis Sancti Mich- 
 aelis per iusticiarios xii etc. ad recognoscendum etc. 
 in forma predicta etc. 
 
 Case 31. 
 
 Y. B., 45 Mich., 11, f. 13-14. 
 
 Sur le Briefe sur le statute de Labourers fuit port vers un 
 statute home, et suppose par son demonstrance, que lou il 
 de la- avera reteine un son servant de luy server, en office 
 bourers de cellery, et auters choses affaire, et monstra en cer- 
 32 & 49. tein, que per vi ans la avera le defendant deteinus 
 mesme celuy a tort, etc. et auxy il fuit porte vers le 
 servant. 
 
 Kirton. 
 
 Celuy que il suppose que luy detient, nous diofnus, 
 que mesme cesty fuit son apprentice, et nient son ser¬ 
 vant allowe, come il ad suppose, prist etc. 
 
 Fencot dit pur le pleintife e contra, et ceo fuit tenus 
 pur bon response. 
 
 Et puis dit Kirton pur Tauter, sir, vous veies bien 
 coment il ad suppose, que nous fuimus reteinus ove 
 luy par vi ans, en quel case nous entende que le statute 
 ne done pas action, mes lou il est reteinus per un an, 
 par que judgement. 
 
 Fencot. 
 
 Et nous judgement, de puis que vous ne dedits pas, 
 que il fuit allowe en nostre service, et que nous avo- 
 mus counte, que il departist le primer an, et nous 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 423 
 
 * 
 
 demancie judgement si nostre briefe ne soit assets 
 bon, etc. 
 
 Fitzherbert, Laborers, 49. 
 
 Home navera accion sur lestatut de laborers vers 
 vn qui est reteigne oustre vn an etc. vt patet in la- 
 borariis etc. 
 
 De Banco Roll, no. 443. 
 
 Placita apud Westmonasterium coram W. de Fyncheden 
 et sociis suis iusticiariis domini Regis de Banco de ter- 
 mino Sancte Trinitatis, anno .... quadragesimo 
 quinto. 
 
 Rot. 72. 
 
 Nott’ Iohannes Harsyk de Sancto Bartholomo et Iohan- 
 nes Hardy attachiati fuerunt ad respondendum tarn 
 domino Regi quam Henrico Sadeler de Newerk de 
 placito quare cum per dominum Regem et consilium 
 suum pro communi vtilitate regni sui ordinatum sit 
 quod si aliquis seruiens, cuiuscumque status seu con- 
 dicionis fuerit, in seruicio alicuius retentus ante finem 
 termini concordati a dicto seruicio sine causa racion- 
 abili vel licencia recesserit, penam imprisonamenti 
 subeat, et nullus sub eadem pena talem in seruicio 
 suo recipere vel retinere presumat, predicti Iohannes 
 et Iohannes Willelmum, filium Henrici, in Roughton 
 nuper seruientem ipsius Henrici in seruicio suo apud 
 Newerk retentum, qui ab eodem seruicio ante finem 
 termini inter eos concordati sine causa racionabili et 
 licencia ipsius Henrici recessit, in seruicium ipsorum 
 Iohannis et Iohannis, quamquam ipsi de prefato Wil- 
 lelmo eidem Henrico restituendo requisiti fuerint, ad- 
 miserunt et retinuerunt, in Regis contemptum et ipsius 
 Henrici graue dampnum et contra formam ordina- 
 cionis predicte etc. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 Et vnde idem Henricus qui sequitur etc. per lo- 
 hannem Batheleye, attornatum suum, queritur quod 
 cum predictus Willelmus retentus fuisset cum ipso 
 Henrico apud Neuwerk ad deseruiendum ei ibidem iri 
 officio communis seruientis et ad sellas faciendas aux- 
 iliandum a festo Sancti Michaelis Arcbangeli, anno 
 regni domini Regis nunc Anglie quadragesimo tercio, 
 vsque ad finem septem annorum tunc proxime sequen- 
 cium, predicti Iohannes et Johannes, die Lune in festo 
 Sancte Marie Magdalene anno regni domini Regis 
 nunc Anglie quadragesimo quarto, prefatum Willel- 
 mum qui a seruicio eiusdem Henrici ante finem ter¬ 
 mini etc. recessit quamquam etc. in seruicium eorun- 
 dem lohannis et Iohannis admiserunt et retinuerunt, 
 in Regis contemptum et ipsius Henrici graue damp- 
 num et contra forniam etc. vnde dicit quod deterio- 
 ratus est et dampnum habet ad valenciam centum 
 librarum, et inde producit sectam etc. 
 
 Et predicti Iohannes et Iohannes per Iohannem 
 Nuttyng, attornatum suum, veniunt et defendunt vim 
 et iniuriam quando etc. et quicquid etc. Et predic¬ 
 tus Iohannes Harsyk dicit quod prefatus Willelmus, 
 filius Henrici, retentus fuit cum predicto Henrico 
 Sadeler et eidem ligatus ad commorandum cum eo 
 tanquam eius apprentices, ad artificium cellarii eru- 
 diendum per tempus predictum, absque hoc quod idem 
 Iohannes, filius Henrici, retentus fuit cum eodem 
 tanquam communis seruiens ad deseruiendum ei iuxta 
 formam ordinacionum et statutorum de seruitoribus 
 et operariis et seruientibus, prout idem Henricus 
 superius narrat, et hoc paratus est verificare vnde 
 petit iudicium etc. 
 
 Et predictus Iohannes Hardy dicit quod communis 
 retencio siue conduccio seruientis secundum formam 
 ordinacionis operariorum et seruientum est de retinere 
 et conducere de termino in terminum siue de anno in 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 425 
 
 * 
 
 annum, prout concordari poterit, et non per tam 
 longum tempus, prout idem Henricus superius nar- 
 rauit, videlicet, per septem annos, vnde petit iudicium 
 si per huiusmodi breue de retencione siue admissione 
 prefati Iohannis, filii Henrici, supponendo per narra- 
 cionem super eodem ipsum Iohannem fuisse conduc- 
 tum ad seruiendum quasi communis laborarius siue 
 seruiens per septem annos, vt predictum est, accio 
 prefato Henrico Sadeler competere possit aut debeat 
 etc. 
 
 Et predictus Henricus quoad placitum predicti Io¬ 
 hannis Harsyk dicit quod prefatus Iohannes, filius 
 Henrici, retentus fuit cum eodem Henrico ad deser- 
 uiendum ei in officio communis seruientis siue laborarii 
 prout ipse per narracionem suam supponit, absque 
 hoc quod ipse retentus fuit cum eodem Henrico et 
 ligatus ad commorandum cum eo tancquam eius ap- 
 prenticius, prout predictus Iohannes Harsyk superius 
 allegauit, et hoc petit quod inquiratur per patriam, et 
 predictus Iohannes Harsyk similiter. 
 
 Et quoad placitum predicti Iohannis Hardy dicit 
 quod in ordinacione de seruitoribus et operariis etc. 
 generaliter et expresse continetur quod si aliquis ser¬ 
 uiens etc. in seruicio alicuius retentus ante finem ter¬ 
 mini concordati a seruicio magistri sui sine causa 
 racionabili vel licencia recesserit, accio datur eidem 
 magistro a cuius seruicio sic recessit per breue fun- 
 datum super eadem ordinacione et in ordinacione ilia 
 aliquod certum tempus retencionis siue conduccionis 
 huiusmodi seruientum in certo non limitatur, nisi solo- 
 modo quod quidam seruientes seruire debent per 
 annum, dimidium anni siue quarterium anni, et non 
 per dietas, et sic bene liceat cuicumque huiusmodi 
 seruientes tam per vnum annum et duos vel tres 
 quam per plus longum tempus, prout inter retentorem 
 et retentum concordati poterit, conducere et retinere, 
 
426 * 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 et punicio per statutum tam versus seruientes qui sic 
 recesserint quam versus eos qui illos admiserint datur 
 pro conquerente, non habito respectu ad terminum 
 concordatum siue per vnum annum vel duos aut 
 plures. Et ex quo prefatus Iohannes Hardy non 
 dedicit quin predictus Iohannes, filius Henrici, cum 
 ipso Henrico Sadeler ad deseruiendum ei per tempus 
 in narracione sua contentum, videlicet, per septem 
 annos retentus fuit, nec quin ante finem termini pre¬ 
 dict! a seruicio suo recessit, nec quin idem Iohannes 
 Hardy simul etc. ipsum Iohannem, filium Henrici, 
 seruientem suum admisit et retinuit prout per narra- 
 cionem suam supponitur, petit indicium et dampna 
 sibi in hac parte adiudicari etc. 
 
 Et quia iusticiarii hie nondum auisantur ad iudic- 
 ium reddendum quoad hoc vnde predicti Henricus et 
 Iohannes Hardy placitauerunt in iudicium, dies datus 
 est eis de audiendo inde iudicio hie a die Sancti 
 Michaelis in xv dies. Et preceptum est vicecomiti 
 quod venire faciat hie ad prefatum terminum xii etc. 
 per quos etc. et qui nec etc. tam ad recognoscendum 
 de exitu placiti vnde predicti Henricus et Iohannes 
 Harsyk placitauerunt ad patriam quam de dampnis 
 eiusdem Henrici occasione retencionis et admissionis 
 predicti Iohannis, filii Henrici, si iudicium inde versus 
 eum redditum fuerit etc. 
 
 Case 6. 
 
 Y. B., 29 Pasch., f. 27. 
 
 Briefe sur l’estatut de servants. 
 
 Laborers. Fitz., 54. 
 
 Un William Brewer de Holborne porte brief fonde 
 sur l’estatut de Laborers, devers un home et sa feme, 
 et devers un M. lour fille. Et suppose que 1 ’ou meme 
 cest M. avoit fait covenant certein jour et an, aver 
 demurre en son service per vii ans procheins ensuants, 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 427 * 
 
 la fuit el departy dedeins le terme sans cause reason¬ 
 able, et le baron et sa feme l’avoit retenus encontre 
 l’estatut, a tort etc. et monstre a quel jour il departit; 
 issint que un an fuit avenu de son terme. 
 
 Gower. 
 
 Sir, l’estatut voet, qu’ils feront covenant de servir 
 par termes usuels que ne puit passer le terme d’un 
 an; et il ad counte d’un covenant fait pur vii ans, 
 que 11’est pas garraunte par l’estatut. Jugement de 
 count. 
 
 Finchden ad idem. 
 
 Si ceo count soit maintenu, par mesme le reason 
 poit il counter d’un covenant fait a demurrer pur 
 terme de sa vie, ou a terme de mille ans, que pas- 
 serent le vie d’un home; que ne puit estre garraunte 
 par l’estatut. 
 
 Wilfughby]. 
 
 Dits oustre; et ceo serra save a vous. 
 
 Et puis le brief fuit challenge, pur ceo que il fuit 
 porte vers la feme, suppose que eux ont retenus, etc. 
 en lour service, ou feme covert ne puit nul home 
 recever en son service: car tout sera dit le fait le 
 baron: ovesques ceo la nature de la suit voet, que si 
 lez defendants soient attaintz, ils seront enprisone, et 
 issint sera la feme enprisone, ou en Ley ceo sera dit 
 le fait le baron. 
 
 Finchden ad idem. 
 
 Si un servant soit esloigne, le baron avera le suit 
 vers luy, et vers celuy qui retient et jammes sera le 
 briefe maintenu pur le baron et pur sa feme devers 
 eux. O. d. non. 
 
 Wilb. [Wilughby] 
 
 Vous suppose par vos reasons, q’il ne purra my 
 estre retenu en service per le baron et sa feme. Et 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 428 * 
 
 s’il soit en le service Tun, cle comen entent il est 
 en service de l’un et Tauter. Purque respondes. 
 Puis Finchden monstra M. a la court, et dit: 
 
 Sir, veies cy le servant que n’est que d’age de 
 ix ans, que ne puit per nul contract estre lie. 
 Purque nous demandomus jugement, si etc. 
 
 Judicium. 
 
 Et la Court luy vist, et examina et trove fuit 
 de tiel age. 
 
 Wilb. [Wilughby] 
 
 L’enfant n’est que d’age de ix ans, que ne poit 
 a covenant estre lie; et auxi per count est sup¬ 
 pose que le covenant se fist long temps passe, a 
 quel tempts ele fuit de meindre age. Per que 
 devers luy parnes riens per votre brief; et pur 
 les auters dient ceo qu’ils voillent. 
 
 Gower. 
 
 Sir, le gros de son action depend tout sur le 
 departir. del servant; car s’il n’ust unques de- 
 murre ovesques luy, constat qu’il n’ust unques 
 ew accion devers nous del retener. Et depuis que 
 le servant est ajuge tiel, que ne poit a covenant 
 estre lie, per le departir hors de lour service nul 
 tort en luy sera ajuge: et depuis que en le de¬ 
 partir, que est principal, il n’y ad paz tort, per 
 consequens nec en retener de luy tort en nous 
 puit estre ajuge. Pur que etc. 
 
 Moubray. 
 
 Nient pluis list il prendre mon servant hors de 
 mon service que est deinz age, que celuy que 
 est de plein age. Et depuis que ne deditz per 
 que ele fuit en notre service tanques ele fuit 
 retenu per vous; et il est defendu per l’estatut 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 429* 
 
 que nul home prendre auter servant; et mesques 
 ele fuit deins age, vous per ;tant n’estes pas ex¬ 
 cuse ; et le tort a nous fait est conu; nous pri- 
 omus nos damages. 
 
 Finch den. 
 
 Si vous eusses pris accion per tiel voy, scilicet, 
 que nous luy prisomus hors de votre service, per 
 cas le matter seroit auter, et le Ley donneroit 
 devers nous votre rec[overer], mes votre action 
 est pris de ceo qu’il fuit retenu en votre service, 
 et departi devant le terme limitte sanz cause 
 reasonable, et que puis nous luy recevomus en 
 nous service; ou al reteiner en votre service et al 
 departir de cel diomus que vous estes pleinement 
 servy. Car de ceo tort n’est que pas ajuge en 
 nous, eo que ceo ne puit estre ajuge retener, 
 pur ceo que le servant ne fuit pas liable, par que 
 il sembla quant el puit departir et servir, (ou el 
 voudra) que en le retener nul tiel tort puit estre 
 ajuge, nient plus que si el n’ust unques este re- 
 tenue devant. 
 
 Wilb. [Wilughby] 
 
 Quides vous mesques covenant ne la puit Her 
 per nonage, que list a vous purtant luy traire 
 hors de service? Certein est que non. Purque 
 respondes. 
 
 Gower. 
 
 Nous ne luy retenomus pas. Prest. 
 
 Et alii e contra. 
 
 Vide qu’ils demurre devant in Ley, etc., et a 
 ore sont a issu in fait etc. 
 
 De Banco Roll, no. 381. 
 
 Placita apud Westmonasterium coram Rogero Hillary et 
 
 Opinio 
 
 Curiae. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 43 °* 
 
 MidcT 
 
 sociis suis iusticiariis de Banco de termino Pasche, 
 anno . . . vicesimo nono. . . . 
 
 Rot. 59 d. 
 
 Robertus Brewere de Holebourn et Elena, vxor 
 eius, et Matilldis, filia Philippi de Cornwaille, nuper 
 seruiens Thome Cheris, coteler, attachiati fuerunt 
 ad respondendum tarn domino Regi quam Thome 
 Cheris, coteler, de placito quare cum per Regem et 
 consilium suum pro communi vtilitate regni Regis 
 Anglie ordinatum sit quod si aliquis seruiens, cuius- 
 cumque status seu condicionis fuerit, in seruicio 
 alicuius retentus ante finem termini concordati a 
 dicto seruicio sine licencia vel causa racionabili re- 
 cesserit, penam imprisonamenti subeat, nec aliquis 
 sub eadem pena talem in seruicio suo recipere vel 
 retinere presumat, predicti Robertus et Elena pre- 
 dictam Matilldem in seruicio ipsius Thome apud 
 London’ retentam, que ab eodem seruicio ante finem 
 termini inter eos concordati sine licencia et causa 
 racionabili recessit, in seruicium ipsorum Roberti et 
 Elene admiserunt et retinuerunt, in Regis con- 
 temptum et ipsius Thome graue dampnum et contra 
 formam ordinacionis predicte, et eciam de placito 
 quare predicta Matilldis a seruicio eiusdem Thome 
 sine licencia sua et causa racionabili ante finem 
 termini inter eos concordati recessit, in Regis con- 
 temptum et ipsius Thome graue dampnum et contra 
 ordinacionem supradictam etc. 
 
 Et vnde idem Thomas, qui sequitur tarn pro 
 domino Rege quam pro se ipso, queritur de eo quare 
 cum per dominum Regem etc. pro communi vtilitate 
 etc. ordinatum sit quod si aliquis seruiens etc. ante 
 finem termini concordati etc. sine licencia etc. 
 penam imprisonamenti subeat, nec aliquis sub 
 eadem pena etc. recipere vel retinere presumat, pre¬ 
 dicti Robertus et Elena predictam Matilldem in 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 43 1 
 
 * 
 
 seruicio ipsius Thome apud London’, videlicet, in 
 parochia Sancti Stephani in warda de Coleman- 
 strete retentam ad seruiendum eidem Thome a die 
 dominica proxima ante festum Natiuitatis Sancti 
 Iohannis Baptiste, anno regni domini Regis nunc 
 Anglie vicesimo tercio, per septem annos integros 
 tunc proxime sequentes, que ab eodem seruicio ante 
 finem termini etc. sine licencia etc. recessit, vide¬ 
 licet, die dominica proxima post festum Sancti 
 Michaelis anno regni eiusdem domini Regis nunc 
 Anglie vicesimo octauo in parochia Sancte Marie de 
 Arcubus in warde de Chepe, in seruicium ipsorum 
 Roberti et Elene in warda de Farndon in parochia 
 Sancti Andree in Holebourn admiserunt et retin- 
 uerunt, in domini Regis contemptum et ipsius 
 Thome graue dampnum et contra formam ordina- 
 cionis etc., et eciam de placito quare predicta Matill- 
 dis a seruicio eiusdem Thome predicta 1 die domin¬ 
 ica proxima post festum Sancti Michaelis anno 
 vicesimo octauo, sine licencia etc. ante finem ter¬ 
 mini etc. recessit, in ipsius Regis contemptum etc. et 
 contra ordinacionem etc., vnde dicit quod deter¬ 
 iorate est et dampnum habet ad valenciam viginti 
 librarum, et inde producit sectam etc. 
 
 Et Robertus et Elena veniunt et defendunt vim 
 et iniuriam etc. et quia tarn per examinacionem 
 predicte Matilldis hie in curia in propria persona 
 sua comparentis quam per inspeccionem corporis 
 sui constat curie hie quod predicta Matilldis est 
 infra etatem modo et non fuit nisi solomodo etatis 
 trium annorum, tempore quo predictus Thomas 
 supponit ipsam Matilldem cum eo retentam fuisse, 
 quo tempore eadem Matilldis nullo pars esse potuit 
 ad aliquem contractum seu ad aliquam conuen- 
 cionem faciendam, consideratum est quo ad ipsam 
 
 1 MS. predictis. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 43 2 * 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 London’ 
 
 octabis 
 
 Matilldem quod predictus Thomas nichil capiat per 
 breue suum, set sit in misericordia pro falso clameo 
 etc. Et Matilldis inde sine die etc. 
 
 Et predicti Robertus et Elena bene defendunt 
 quod predicta Matilldis non fuit retenta cum pre^ 
 dicto Thoma in forma qua idem Thomas superius 
 versus eos narrauit. Et de hoc ponunt se super 
 patriam et predictus Thomas similiter. 
 
 Ideo preceptum est vicecomitibus London’ quod 
 venire faciant hie in octabis Sancti Michaelis de 
 
 Michaelis. warda predicta de Colemanstrete xii etc. per quos 
 
 Case 42. 
 
 etc. et qui nec etc. ad recognoscendum etc. quia 
 tarn etc. 
 
 Y. B., so Trin., 3, f. 13. 
 
 Le statute 
 de labour¬ 
 ers 81. 1 
 
 Un Henry B. Parson de B. port briefe sur le 
 statute de labourers vers Thomas F. Chaplein, et 
 counta coment il fist covenant ove luy a servir en 
 le Office de seneschal, et d’estre son chaplein paro¬ 
 chial a certeins temps etc. Et que il fuit en son 
 service, et depart sans cause reasonable. 
 
 Hanimer. 
 
 Quant a ceo que il ad count que nous fesomus 
 covenant d’estre son seneschal, et que nous sumus 
 en son service de seneschal, nous diomus que nous 
 ne fiomus unques tiel covenant ove luy, prists: 
 
 Et alii e contra. 
 
 Et quant a ceo que voe surmistes, que fesomus 
 covenant ove luy d’estre Chaplein parochial; et que 
 nous departomus hors de son service, nous enten- 
 domus que le statute n’est a auter entent, mes a 
 ceux que sont labourers artificers, et ceo n’est Tun 
 ne Tauter, mes le servant de Dieu, issint ne fuit il 
 
 1 Error for 41. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 433 
 
 * 
 
 pas lie per le statute, issint n’entendomus my que 
 devers nous cest accion gist, car chescun auter ser¬ 
 vant s’il soit en sanite et power de corps, il est tenus 
 de faire son service, et son labour de jour en jour, 
 mes le Chaplein n’est tenus de chaunter chescun 
 jour, s’il ne voille, pur divers causes que gissent en 
 son conscience, et issint poet cesser de chaunter 
 par un demaine ou deux, issint que il est tout en 
 auter degree que labourer ou artificer. 
 
 Clopton. 
 
 Cestuy que est son Chaplein parochial, poet estre 
 plus tost a judge labourer, que auter Chaplein que 
 doit servir solement ou Parson singuler; car Par¬ 
 son parochial ad plusors choses a faire que de 
 chaunter sa messe, et auters divine services; car il 
 covient a luy de visiter les maladies de son paroche 
 a lour meas, de lour faire aver les droits de Saint 
 Esglise, et auxy il covient que les Parsons de 
 Saint Esglise eiount lour service necessaries, car 
 ils ne poient my faire ils mesmes; per que il semble 
 a divers regards que il est auxint avant en case de 
 statute come auter persone de people. 
 
 Belknap. 
 
 Cest fuit un case et matter adjourne en Tauter 
 terme a ore, et il nous est avis et a nous compag- 
 Judicium. nons de bank le Roy auxy, que n’est lie per statute, 
 come auter person est; per que quant a ceo point 
 nous vous dischargeomus, et quant au remanent de 
 que vous estes a issue, gardes vostre jour, etc. 
 
 De Banco Roll, no. 462. 
 
 Placita apud Westmonasterium coram R. de Bealknapp et 
 sociis suis iusticiariis . . de Banco de termino Pasche, 
 anno . . . quinquagesimo. 
 
 Rot. 100 d. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 434 * 
 
 Hunt’ Willelmus Can de Brampton attachiatus fuit ad re¬ 
 spondendum tarn domino Regi quam Willelmo, per- 
 sone ecclesie de Ripton Abbatis, de placito quare cum 
 per dominum Regem et consilium suum . . (de¬ 
 
 parture clause, cf. app., 420) predictus Willelmus Can,, 
 nuper seruiens ipsius Willelmi, persone, in seruicio 
 suo apud Ripton Abbatis retentus ab eodem seruicio 
 .... (identical with app., 421, mutatis mutandis) 
 et contra formam ordinacionis predicte. 
 
 Et vnde idem Willelmus, persona, in propria per¬ 
 sona sua queritur quod predictus Willelmus Can, die 
 Iouis proximo post festum apostolorum Petri et 
 Pauli anno regni domini Regis nunc Anglie quadra- 
 gesimo nono, apud Ripton Abbatis retentus fuisset 
 cum prefato Willelmo, persona, essendi capellanus 
 parochialis ac procurator suus ad ecclesiam suam de 
 Ripton Abbatis a festo Sancti Michaelis anno regni 
 eiusdem domini Regis nunc supradicto vsque idem 
 festum Sancti Michaelis extunc proxime sequens, pre¬ 
 dictus Willelmus Can die Lune proximo post festum 
 Sancti Martini in yeme infra terminum predictum a 
 dicto seruicio sine causa racionabili et licencia ipsius 
 Willelmi, persone, recessit, in Regis contemptum et 
 ipsius Willelmi persone graue dampnum et contra 
 formam ordinacionis predicte, vnde dicit quod deter¬ 
 iorate est et dampnum habet ad valenciam viginti 
 librarum, et inde producit sectam etc. 
 
 Et predictus Willelmus Can in propria persona sua 
 venit et defendit vim et iniuriam quando etc. Et quo 
 ad hoc quod per declaracionem predicti Willelmi, 
 persone, supponitur ipsum cum eo retentum fuisse in 
 officio capellani parochialis et ab eodem seruicio sine 
 licencia recessisse etc. quod iurisdiccio et potestas ad 
 ipsum occasione premissa puniendum et castigandum 
 mere pertinet ad ordinarium suum et non ad curiam 
 Regis, hie eo quod in statuto de seruientibus et labor- 
 ariis nulla fit mencio de capellanis, nec in eisdem con- 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 435 
 
 * 
 
 tinetur quod capellani per penam in ordinacione et 
 statuto limitatam castigari debent etc.; vnde petit iu- 
 dicium si predictus Willelmus, persona, accionem pre- 
 dictam per huiusmodi breue manutenere debeat etc. Et 
 quo ad hoc quod idem Willelmus, persona, supponit 
 ipsum cum eo retentum in officio procuratoris et a dicto 
 seruicio sine licencia recessisse, dicit quod predictus 
 Willelmus, persona, certis de causis fuit imprisonatus 
 in gaola de Neugate, pro cuius quidem deliberacione 
 facienda quidam Iohannes de Ditton, clericus, adtunc 
 firmarius dicte ecclesie de Ripton, per scriptum suum 
 obligatorium obligauit se cuidam Iohanni Vpheis in 
 centum libris soluendis certis die et loco in dicto 
 scripto obligatorio contentis; quiquidem Iohannes 
 Vpheys postea obiit, post cuius mortem quidem Wal- 
 terus Rudham, executor testamenti predicti Iohannis 
 Vpheis, prosecutus fuit quoddam breue de debito 
 versus prefatum Iohannem de Ditton de debito pre- 
 dicto; super quo concordatum fuit quod idem Iohan¬ 
 nes de Ditton rehaberet predictum scriptum suum 
 obligatorium et quod idem Willelmus Can obligaret 
 se prefato Waltero Rudham in centum libris soluen¬ 
 dis eidem Waltero apud Huntyngdon’ in festo Natalis 
 Domini anno regni domini Regis nunc Anglie quadra- 
 gesimo nono vnam medietatem, et aliam medietatem 
 ad festum Pasche proxime sequens, et dicit quod 1 
 ipse conuenit cum prefato Willelmo, persona, sub tali 
 condicione quod idem Willelmus, persona, solueret 
 prefato Waltero Rudham quadraginta libras ante 
 festum Sancti Martini anno regni eiusdem domini 
 Regis nunc supradicto vel ipsum erga prefatum Wal- 
 terum de summa predicta acquietaret; quiquidem 
 Willelmus, persona, nullam dictarum condicionum 
 perfecit, per quod ipse a seruicio predicto recessit 
 prout ei bene licuit, vnde petit iudicium etc. 
 
 ‘In MS. “quod” is repeated. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 Et predictus Willelmus, persona, quo ad hoc quod 
 prefatus Willelmus Can superius placitauit et alle- 
 gauit punicionem capellanorum etc. ad ordinarium 
 loci etc. et non ad curiam hie pertinere etc., dicit quod 
 ordinacio de seruitoribus et operariis et artificibus etc. 
 generalis est, nulla excepcione in eadem facta de 
 capellanis siue de aliquibus aliis personis cuiuscumque 
 status seu condicionis fuerit; et sic intelligi debet quod 
 accio datur per eandem cuilibet homini qui huiusmodi 
 capellanos retinuit si a seruicio suo recesserint et 
 punicio in illo casu, tarn de capellanis illis castigandis 
 quam de aliis personis cuiuscumque status etc., ad 
 curiam hie secundum sua demerita pertinet et per¬ 
 tinere intelligi debet. Et ex quo idem Willelmus Can 
 superius expresse cognoscit quod ipse cum eodem 
 Willelmo, persona, retentus fuit et non dedicit quin 
 a seruicio suo ante finem termini etc. et sine causa 
 racionabili etc. recessit, petit iudicium et dampnum 
 sibi in hac parte adiudicari etc. Et quo ad hoc quod 
 prefatus Willelmus Can superius placitando allegauit 
 ipsum conuenisse cum prefato Willelmo, persona, de 
 essendo in officio procuratoris sub condicione prealle- 
 gata etc., dicit quod ipse simpliciter conuenit cum eo, 
 absque aliqua tali condicione, prout ipse superius per 
 breue et narracionem sua supponit, et hoc petit quod 
 inquiratur per patriam et predictus Willelmus Can 
 similiter. 
 
 Ideo preceptum est vicecomiti quod venire faciat 
 hie a die Sancte Trinitatis in xv dies per iusticiarios 
 xii etc. per quos etc. et qui nec etc. ad recognos- 
 cendum etc. quia tarn etc. Et super hoc Nicholaus 
 de Styvecke, senior, Johannes de Styvecke, Ricardus 
 Faron et Iohannes Bttllok de comitatu Hunt’ manu- 
 ceperunt predictum Willelmum Can habendi corpus 
 eius hie ad prefatum terminum et sic de die in diem 
 ad quemlibet diem placiti quousque iurata inde inter 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 437 * 
 
 eos transierit et iudicium inde redditum fuerit, vide¬ 
 licet, quilibet eorum corpus pro corpore etc. 
 
 Idem dies datus est predictis Wiilelmo et Willelmo 
 audituris iudicium suum etc. quo ad hoc quod placita- 
 uerunt ad iudicium etc. Ad quern diem venit tain 
 predictus Willelmus Meuryk per Thomam Meis, at- 
 tornatum suum, quam predictus Willelmus Can in 
 propria persona sua etc. et nichil inde fecit vice- 
 comes non misit breue etc. Ideo sicut prius, precep- 
 tum est vicecomiti quod venire faciat hie a die Sancti 
 Michaelis in xv dies per iusticiarios xii etc. ad cog- 
 noscendum in forma predicta etc.; ad quern diem 
 venerunt partes etc. et vicecomes non misit breue. 
 Ideo sicut pluries preceptum est vicecomiti quod 
 venire faciat hie a die Sancti Michaelis in vnum 
 mensem per iusticiarios xii etc. ad recognoscendum in 
 forma predicta etc. Idem dies datus est partibus pre¬ 
 dictis per attornatos suos hie etc. 
 
 Et quo ad hoc vnde partes predicte superius pla- 
 citarunt in iudicium, consideratum est quod predictus 
 Willelmus, persona, nichil capiat per breue suum 
 predictum set sit in misericordia pro falso clameo suo. 
 Et predictus Willelmus Can eat inde sine die etc. Ad 
 quern diem mensis Michaelis vicecomes non misit 
 breue. Ideo sicut pluries preceptum est vicecomiti 
 quod venire faciat hie in octabis Sancti Hillarii per 
 iusticiarios xii etc. per quos etc. et qui nec etc. ad 
 recognoscendum in forma predicta etc. 
 
 Case 20. (Record not found.) 
 
 Y. B., 40 Mich., 16, f. 39. 
 
 Labor- John K. porta briefe foundue sur le statute de anno 
 
 ers 21. 23 E. 3. cap. 1. de Laborers, et le briefe fuit tiel: 
 
 Stat. 4. come ordeine fuit que touts ceux que fueront deins 
 l’age de lx. ans, et ne scavoient nul mistier, et 
 ne teignent terres, ne tenements entre queux que ils 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 poient occupier, que ils devoient server sils soient re- 
 quise, et dit que il requist le defendant de luy server 
 en office, etc. 
 
 Moris. 
 
 La ou il dit que nous n’avomus terres ne tenements, 
 nous diomus que nous avomus xv acres de terre, pur 
 quel nous devomus faire xx overaignes, et aulters 
 besoignes chescun an, al Evesque de Londres a son 
 manor de W. et avomus jour que il ad suppose le 
 request, judgement si action poit aver il. 
 
 Belknap. 
 
 Sir, il ad dit que il n’ad que vi acres terre, quel 
 n’est pas sufficient occupation, per que. 
 
 Finchden. 
 
 Il ad dit que il doit faire pur mesme la terre xx 
 overaignes, et cel est sufficient occupation, per que, etc. 
 
 Belknap. 
 
 Nous diomus que il n’ad que vi acres de terre, et 
 il ne doit faire que vi overes, que poient este fait en 
 un semaigne, issint n’ad il pas sufficient cause d’estre 
 excuse, per que nous demaundomus judgement. 
 
 Moris. 
 
 Et del heure que vous aves conus que nous avomus 
 terres, pur queux nous devomus tant des overes per 
 quel heure que ceo pleist al Seignior, issint ne poi- 
 omus vous server, et auxy faire les services dues al 
 Evesque, per que judgement. 
 
 Belknap. 
 
 Nous avomus dit que vous ne deves faire que vi 
 overes, qeux poient este fait en poy de temps, et 
 auterment chescun home pur un tiel petit value, sera 
 excuse de chescun service. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 439 
 
 * 
 
 Finchden. 
 
 Sir, le statute fuit fait en advantage des Seigniors, 
 que ils n’avoient pas default des servants, et il est 
 necessary a chescun Seignior de lesser parcel de sa 
 terre pur faire les services dues a son manor, et per 
 tant est il occupie en son service pur le temps, per 
 Judic- que vous pleintife ne preignes riens per votre briefe, 
 ium etc. Quel person sera dit sufficient de terre que il ne 
 servira, Nota bene. 
 
 5. Cases 10, 1 7, 28, 32 and 36. ( Cf . pt. ii, ch. ii, 5.) 
 
 Case 10. 
 
 F. H., 33 Hill., Laborers, 56. 
 
 Un T. port briefe Denprisonment vers K. et auters 
 deux et count que toutz luy prist et enprison. 
 
 Clam. [Claymond] 
 
 Pour K. diomus que deuaunt le iour denprison¬ 
 ment suppose, nous allomus le pleintife de nous 
 seruyr etc. par vne an, et deins lan et deuaunt len- 
 prisonment, le pleintife depart hors de nostre seruice 
 sauns conge etc. ou cause resonable, ou apres nous 
 fesomus nostre pleint al Constable del ville ou etc. 
 que est vn de les auters nosme etc., et il vient oue 
 nous et nous ii. vous prisomus, et puis vous reteno- 
 mus en nostre seruice tanques al fyne del terme etc., 
 iugement etc. lauter vient en aide de luy etc. 
 
 Skipwith. 
 
 Ceo que vous ditz nest enprisonment, quar vn ser- 
 uaunt comenment est arge de faire ses seruices, par 
 que. 
 
 Clam. [Claymond] 
 
 Ceo que vous suppose lenprisonment est le prise 
 et le retenir en nostre seruice, encontre vostre gre 
 que est congeable par ley. 
 
440 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 * 
 
 Skipwith. 
 
 Unce duisse trauerser chescun auter enprisonment. 
 Thorp. 
 
 Ne besoigne, par que respondes. 
 
 Skipwith. 
 
 Del heure que il nad monstre que il nous dereygne 
 par suist fait come lestatut voit. etc., iugement quar 
 al comen ley auter recfouerer] ne fuit don en ceo 
 cas forsque briefe de Couenaunt, par que il ad conus 
 lenprisonment. etc. 
 
 Grene. 
 
 Ieo die que al comen ley que si ieo sue apparceu 
 que mon seruaunt se voyle esloigner etc. que ieo luy 
 pourre reteigner magre le soen pur le terme. 
 
 Skipwith. 
 
 Mes sil soit esloigne, ne poies luy prendre et re- 
 amestie encounter son gree al comen ley. 
 
 Seton. 
 
 Tout est vn, et tout fuit il issint al comen ley, il 
 est auter ore, quar lestatute voit que il serre pris et 
 demourre en prison tanques il troue suerte de seruer 
 son mester pur le terme, par que coment que il le 
 prent mesme lou il est parnable par ley il ne fait 
 offens etc. et puis par auise de toutz les Iustiz 
 agarde fuyt que il prist ryens par son briefe et 
 cetera. 
 
 De Banco Roll, no. 397. 
 
 Placita apud Westmonasterium coram Roberto de Thorp 
 et sociis suis iusticiariis domini Regis de Banco de ter- 
 mino Sancti Hillarii, anno . . . tricesimo secundo 
 
 finiente et tricesimo tercio incipiente. 
 
 Rot. 183 d. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 441 
 
 * 
 
 Norht' Katerina Latymer, senior, et Iohannes of the Graunge 
 in misericordia pro pluribus defaltis etc. 
 
 Iidem Katerina et Iohannes et Ricardus Katerinesprest Laty¬ 
 mer attachiati fuerunt ad respondendum Iohanni, filio Ricardi 
 Iones, de placito quare vi et armis ipsum Iohannem, filium Ri¬ 
 cardi, apud Wardon ceperunt, imprisonauerunt et male tracta- 
 uerunt et alia enormia ei intulerunt ad graue dampnum ipsius 
 Iohannis, filii Ricardi, et contemptum Regis etc. 
 
 Et vnde idem Iohannes, filiiis Ricardi, per Adam de Cherle- 
 ton, attornatum suum, queritur quod predicti Katerina et alii 
 die Lune proximo ante festum Natalis Domini anno regni 
 domini Regis nunc Anglie tricesimo vi et armis, scilicet gladiis, 
 arcubus et sagittis, ipsum Iohannem, filium Ricardi, apud War¬ 
 don ceperunt, imprisonauerunt et male tractauerunt et alia 
 enormia etc. et contra pacem etc.; vnde dicit quod deterioratus 
 est et dampnum habet ad valenciam viginti librarum, et inde 
 producit sectam etc. 
 
 Et Katerina et alii per - 1 attornatum suum veniunt et 
 
 defendunt vim et iniuriam quando etc. et quo ad venire vi et 
 armis etc. dicunt quod ipsi in nullo sunt inde culpabiles etc. et 
 quo ad residuum transgressionis etc. eadem Katerina dicit 
 quod predictus Iohannes, filius Ricardi, fuit seruiens ipsius 
 Katerine cum ipsa ad deseruiendum ei tanquam laborarius 
 apud Wardon retentus, videlicet, a festo Sancti Michaelis, anno 
 regni domini Regis nunc Anglie tricesimo, vsque idem festum 
 Sancti Michaelis tunc proxime sequens, et quia predictus Io¬ 
 hannes, filius Ricardi, predicto die Lune a seruicio ipsius Kate¬ 
 rine iniuste et maliciose et absque causa racionabili recessit 
 et se elongauit, eadem Katerina per auxilium predicti Iohannis 
 of the Graunge, tunc constabularii ville predicte, arestari fecit 
 predictum Iohannem, filium Ricardi, ibidem ad deseruiendum 
 ipsi Katerine prout ei bene licuit. 
 
 Et predictus Iohannes of the Graunge dicit quod ipse tunc 
 temporis fuit constabularius ville predicte et ad requisicionem 
 predicte Katerine venit ibidem racione officii sui ad predictum 
 
 1 Blank left for name. 
 
442 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 * 
 
 Iohannem, filium Ricardi, occasione premissa arrestandum et 
 ipsum arrestauit et ad seruicium ipsius Katerine reduxit prout 
 iuri conuenit in huiusmodi casu. 
 
 Et predictus Ricardus dicit quod ipse tunc erat seruiens pre- 
 dicte Katerine et venit in auxilium eiusdem ad arrestum pre¬ 
 dictum faciendum in forma predicta, vnde petunt iudicium si 
 predictus Iohannes, filius Ricardi, iniuriam in personis suis 
 affirmare possit etc. 
 
 Et Iohannes, filius Ricardi, dicit quod ex quo ipse liber et 
 libere condicionis existit non fuit licitum nec iuri consonum 
 ipsum capere nec imprisonare occasione superius per predictam 
 Katerinam et alios allegata, set in casu quo aliquis liber homo in 
 seruicio alicuius retentus ab eodem seruicio ante finem termini 
 sui recesserit, competit accio per breue vel querelam de con- 
 uencione fracta et ex quo ipsi superius cognouerunt capcio- 
 nem et detencionem corporis ipsius lohannis, petit iudicium et 
 dampna sibi adiudicari. 
 
 Et predicti Katerina et alii petunt iudicium ex quo predictus 
 Iohannes, filius Ricardi, superius cognouit ipsum in seruicio 
 ipsius Katerine fuisse retentum et ab eodem sine causa racion- 
 abili rececisse 1 vt preallegatum est; in quo casu bene licitum 
 fuit ipsum arestare et ad seruicium suum reducere; petunt 
 iudicium vt prius si iniuria in eis assignari possit. 
 
 Et super hoc habito auisamento super placito predicto, con- 
 sideratum est quod idem Iohannes, filius Ricardi, nichil capiat 
 per breue suum, set sit in misericordia pro falso clameo. Et 
 predicti Katerina et alii eant inde sine die etc. 
 
 Case 17. 
 
 Y. B., 39 Mich., f. 37. Trespas. 
 
 Hillard Uffiet port bref de Transgressione vers un Th. Et 
 counta que il vient a force et armes, et amena son servant hors 
 de son service. 
 
 Et le defendant per Claymond demanda jugement de count: 
 car il n’ad pas counte combien il fuit hors de son service. 
 
 Probably for recessisse. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 443 
 
 * 
 
 Non allocatur. 
 
 Puis il chalenga le bref, purtant que l’accion est don par 
 Statut, issint duist il aver bref sur le Statut. Et demanda 
 Jugement de bref vi et armis. 
 
 Mombray. 
 
 Coment que ce accion soit don par Statut, le bref fuit a le 
 Comon Ley, et n’est pas defait par Statut, etc. 
 
 De Banco Roll, no. 421. 
 
 Placita apud Westmonasterium coram Roberto de Thorp 
 et sociis suis iusticiariis domini Regis de Banco de 
 termino Sancti Michaelis, anno . . . tricesimo nono. 
 
 Rot. 428 d. 
 
 Line' Rogerus Beauchamp in misericordia pro pluribus de- 
 faltis etc. 
 
 Idem Rogerus attachiatus fuit ad respondendum Illardo de 
 Vsflet de placito quare vi et armis Willelmum Grym, seruien- 
 tem ipsius Illardi in seruicio suo apud Walcotte existentem, 
 cepit et abduxit et alia enormia ei intulit, ad graue dampnum 
 ipsius Illardi et contra pacem Regis etc. 
 
 Et vnde idem Illardus in propria persona sua queritur quod 
 predictus Rogerus die dominica proxima post festum Natiui- 
 tatis Sancti Iohannis Baptiste, anno regni domini Regis nunc 
 tricesimo nono, vi et armis, scilicet gladiis, arcubus et sagittis, 
 Willelmum Grym, seruientem ipsius Illardi in seruicio suo 
 apud Walcote existentem, cepit et abduxit et alia enormia etc., 
 ad graue dampnum etc. et contra pacem Regis etc. vnde dicit 
 quod deterioratus est et dampnum habet ad valenciam viginti 
 librarum, et inde producit sectam etc. 
 
 Et Rogerus per Iohannem de Keuermond, attornatum suum, 
 venit et defendit vim et iniuriam quando etc. Et quoad venire 
 vi et armis et contra pacem etc. dicit quod ipse non est inde 
 culpabilis. Et quoad capcionem predicti Willelmi etc. dicit 
 quod diu ante predictam diem dominicam, videlicet, die Lune 
 proximo ante festum Sancti Martini in yeme anno regni domini 
 
444 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 * 
 
 Regis nunc tricesimo octauo, predictus Willelmus retentus fuit 
 cum ipso Rogero ad seruiendum ei a predicto festo Sancti 
 Martini in yeme tunc proxime sequente per vnum annum dura- 
 turum apud Normanby Claxby in officio carucarii et carectarii 
 et in eodem seruicio extitit vsque diem Lune proximum post 
 clausum Pasche proxime preteritum, quo die idem Willelmus 
 ab eodem seruicio sine causa racionabili recessit et apud Wal- 
 cote mansit; et dictus Rogerus eum diligenter inquirens ibidem 
 inuenit et ipsum secum in seruicium suum reduxit prout ei 
 bene licuit; vnde petit iudicium si idem Illardus aliquam in- 
 iuriam in persona sua assignare possit etc. 
 
 Et Illardus dicit quod idem Rogerus predictum Willelmum 
 sepius verberauit et ei victum necessarium dare aut salarium 
 sibi debitum soluere non curauit, per quod idem Willelmus a 
 seruicio predicti Rogeri recessit et predictus Illardus eum con- 
 duxit in seruicium suum apud Walcote predictum, prout bene 
 licuit. Et hoc paratus est verificare, vnde petit iudicium etc. 
 
 Et Rogerus dicit quod predictus Willelmus recessit a seruicio 
 ipsius Rogeri apud Normanby Claxby ex iniuria sua propria 
 et non ex causa predicta, prout predictus Illardus superius 
 allegauit et de hoc ponit se super patriam et predictus Illar¬ 
 dus similiter. 
 
 Ideo preceptum est vicecomiti quod venire faciat hie a die 
 Pasche in xv dies per iusticiarios xii etc. de visneto de Nor¬ 
 manby Claxby per quos etc. et qui nec etc. ad recognoscen- 
 dum etc. quia tarn etc. Postea continuato inde processu hie 
 vsque ad hunc diem, scilicet a die Sancti Michaelis in xv dies 
 tunc proxime sequentes, nisi iusticiarii domini Regis ad assisas 
 in comitatu predicto capiendas assignati die Lune proximo 
 post festum Sancti Iacobi apostoli apud Lincoln’ prius venis- 
 sent. 
 
 Et modo venerunt predictus Illardus in propria persona sua 
 et predicti iusticiarii ad assisas etc. coram quibus remiserunt 
 hie recordum suum in hec verba. Postea die et loco infracon- 
 tentis coram [Thoma] de Ingelby et Iohanne de Cauendissh, 
 iusticiariis domini Regis ad assisas etc., venerunt tarn predictus 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 445 * 
 
 Illardus quam predictus Rogerus infranominati in propriis per- 
 sonis suis; et similiter iuratores venerunt qui ex consensu par- 
 cium electi, triati et iurati dicunt super sacramentum suum 
 quod predictus Rogerus predictum Willelmum Gryme sepius 
 verberauit et ei victum necessarium non dedit aut salarium ei 
 debitum non soluit, per quod dictus Willelmus a seruicio eius- 
 dem Rogeri recessit et dictus Illardus ipsum Willelmum con- 
 duxit et in seruicio ipsius Illardi apud Walcote extitit quousque 
 predictus Rogerus ipsum Willelmum cepit et abduxit, prout 
 idem Illardus per breue suum supponit, ad dampnum ipsius 
 Illardi quatuor marcarum. 
 
 Ideo consideratum est quod predictus Illardus re¬ 
 cuperet versus eum dampna sua predicta et predictus 
 Capiatur. Rogerus capiatur. 
 
 Postea in quindena Sancti Michaelis anno regni 
 domini Regis nunc quadragesimo primo, venerunt 
 tarn predictus Illardus quam predictus Rogerus in 
 propriis personis suis, et idem Rogerus satisfecit 
 Finis v s. eidem Illardo de denariis predictis et super hoc idem 
 Rogerus fecit finem accione predicta de quinque 
 solidis, per plegium Iohannis Miles de Lincoln’ et 
 Iohannis de Rasen de eodem comitatu. Ideo idem 
 Rogerus deliberetur etc. 
 
 Case 28. 
 
 Y. B., 41 Mich., 4, f. 20. 
 
 Briefe fuit port sur le Statute de Labourers, et le 
 Labour- plaintiffe counta, que le defendant fist covenant a 
 ers 24, S. in comitatu Her ford, et que il departa hors de 
 Br. 7. son service a T. 
 
 Moris. 
 
 Cest briefe est port par cause del departer hors 
 de son service, et vous diomus que T. est en le 
 countie d’Essex, et cest briefe est port en le countie 
 Herford, judgement de cest briefe. 
 
446* 
 
 Labour¬ 
 ers 36. 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 Candish. 
 
 Et puis que cest action est prise sur le covenant, 
 sur quel un issue poit este prise auxibien, come sur 
 le departer, et S. est en le county de Herford, judge¬ 
 ment si nostre breve ne soit assets bon. 
 
 Wichingham. 
 
 Si vous usses especialty, et vostre action fuit pris 
 sur le covenant, donques le briefe port en S. serroit 
 bon, mes ore Taction est pris sur le departer. 
 
 Candish. 
 
 Le covenant est triable en cest cas, auxibien come 
 en briefe de covenant: car s’il ne fist nul covenant 
 ovesque nous, donque ne fist il nul tort. 
 
 Moris. 
 
 Passa oustre, et dit, que il ne fuit unques en son 
 service, prist. 
 
 Candish. 
 
 Depuis que vous ne dedits pas, que vous fistes 
 covenant ovesque nous de nous server, issint que 
 le departer apres fuit torceous, nous demandomus 
 judgement, et priomus nous damages. 
 
 Moris. 
 
 Vostre action est del departer, et si nous ne fuimus 
 unque en vostre service, donque nous ne departismes 
 pas, per que il semble, que nous avomus traverse 
 vostre action purement. 
 
 Finchden. 
 
 Quant vous fistes covenant ovesque luy, main- 
 tenant vous fuistes retenue en son service, et si vous 
 allastes a un auter, et refusastes de luy server, ceo 
 fuit un departer hors de son service, per que voiles 
 auter chose dire. 
 
 Moris. 
 
 11 ne fuit pas retenus ovesque luy, prist, etc. 
 
 Et alii e contra, etc. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 44 y * 
 
 De Banco Roll, no. 429. 
 
 Placita apud Westmonasterium coram Roberto de Thorp 
 et sociis suis iusticiariis domini Regis de Banco de ter- 
 mino Sancti Michaelis, anno . . quadragesimo primo 
 etc. 
 
 Rot. 180. 
 
 Hertf’ Stephanus Bolleman de Sabrichesworth attachiatus 
 fuit ad respondendum tarn domino Regi quam Ade de 
 Chestrefeld de placito quare cum per Regem et con¬ 
 silium suum .... (departure clause, cf. app., 420) 
 predictus Stephanus in seruicio ipsius Ade apud 
 Farneham nuper retentus, ab eodem seruicio . . . 
 
 (identical with app., 421, mutatis mutandis). 
 
 Et vnde idem Adam qui sequitur etc. per Ricardum 
 de Fifhide, attornatum suum, queritur quod cum pre¬ 
 dictus Stephanus ad festum Pasche anno regni domini 
 Regis nunc quadragesimo primo apud Sabrichesworth 
 retentus fuisset cum predicto Ada ad seruiendum 
 sibi apud Farneham in officio carectarii et carucarii a 
 dicto festo Pasche vsque ad festum Sancti Michaelis 
 Archangeli tunc proxime sequens, predictus Stephanus 
 sic in seruicio ipsius Ade retentus ab eodem seruicio 
 sine causa racionabili et licencia eiusdem Ade ante 
 finem predicti termini recessit, in Regis contemptum 
 et ipsius Ade graue dampnum et contra formam etc. 
 vnde dicit quod deterioratus est et dampnum habet 
 ad valenciam decern librarum et inde producit sec- 
 tarn etc. 
 
 Et Stephanus per Robertum de Feltewell, attorna¬ 
 tum suum, venit et defendit vim et iniuriam et quic- 
 quid etc. quando etc. et bene defendit quod ipse non 
 fuit retentus in seruicio predicti Ade ad seruiendum 
 sibi sicut idem Adam superius per narracionem suam 
 supponit, et de hoc ponit se super patriam et predic¬ 
 tus Adam similiter. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 448 * 
 
 Ideo preceptum est vicecomiti quod venire faciat 
 hie in octabis Sancti Martini per iusticiarios xii etc. 
 per quos etc. et qui nec etc. ad recognoscendum etc. 
 quia tam etc. 
 
 Case 32. 
 
 Y. B., 45 Mich., 15, f. 15. 
 
 Covenant 
 
 Mon- 
 
 stran’. 
 
 151. 
 
 Un home port briefe de covenaunt sur le statute 
 de Labourers vers un auter, suppose que il aver 
 fait covenaunt ove luy, de luy servier en Lound’ a 
 Ludgate en un certain office, et que il departist sans 
 conge. 
 
 Condicion Can dish. 
 
 Sta. 2. 1 Nous diomus que nous fesomus covenant ove luy 
 sur tiel condition, que si mes parentes et mes amies 
 voille a tiel covenaunt assenter, et diomus que ils 
 ne voille a ceo assenter, per que nous departomus 
 de luy, come bien a nous list. 
 
 Fencot. 
 
 Vous veies bien coment il alledge, que il fist cove¬ 
 nant ove nous conditionel, que chiet en especialty, 
 de quel il ne monstre riens, per que n’entendomus 
 mye, que a ceo que il ad alledge, nul ley nous mitte 
 a responder, judgement et priomus nous damages. 
 
 Wichingham. 
 
 Quant Taction de covenant est maintenable sauns 
 especialty, il semble que par mesme le reason il 
 doit d’averrer le maner de covenant de son party 
 sans especialty, per que etc. 
 
 Candish. 
 
 Tende d’averrer que le covenant se fist simple a 
 Ludgate sauns condition prist, etc. 
 
 1 Error for 3. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 44 g * 
 
 Fencot. 
 
 Le covenant se fist a les friers minours de Lound’ 
 come etc. prist, et priomus pays d’illonques. 
 
 Wichingham. 
 
 Vous ne les averes pas, mes lou le plaintiff ad 
 alledge, et ita fuit, sed secus, issint si imprisonment 
 ust estre alledge et plede encounter son fait per le 
 plaintiffe, donques serra trie lou l’enprisonment 
 serra alledge, etc. 
 
 De Banco Roll, no. 443. 
 
 Placita apud Westmonasterium coram W. de Finchedon et 
 sociis suis iusticiariis domini Regis de Banco de termino 
 Sancte Trinitatis, anno . . quadragesimo quinto . . . 
 
 Rot. 371. 
 
 London’ Thomas the Personescosyn of Wanstede attachi- 
 atus fuit ad respondendum tarn Regi quam Roberto Mussen- 
 den, marchal, de placito quare cum per dominum Regem et 
 consilium suum . . . (departure clause, cf. app., 420) pre- 
 dictus Thomas in seruicio ipsius Roberti apud London’ nuper 
 retentus ab eodem seruicio . . . (identical with app., 421, 
 
 mutatis mutandis). 
 
 Et vnde idem Robertus in propria persona sua queritur quod 
 cum predictus Thomas in festo Pasche anno regni domini 
 Regis nunc Anglie quadragesimo quinto apud London’ in paro- 
 chia Sancti Martini in warda de Faryngdon Extra conuenisset 
 cum prefato Roberto ad deseruiendum ei ibidem in officio 
 marescalcie a dicto festo Pasche per vnum annum tunc prox- 
 ime sequentem, predictus Thomas in festo Pentecostes infra 
 terminum predictum a dicto seruicio suo sine causa racionabili 
 et licencia ipsius Roberti recessit, in Regis contemptum et 
 ipsius Roberti graue dampnum et contra formam ordinacionis 
 predicte, vnde dicit quod deterioratus est et dampnum habet 
 ad valenciam decern librarum, et inde producit sectam. 
 
 Et predictus Thomas in propria persona sua venit et defendit 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 45 ° * 
 
 vim et iniuriam quando etc. et quicquid etc. et dicit quod ipse 
 dictis die et anno conuenit cum prefato Roberto ad deseruien- 
 dum ei in officio predicto per tempus predictum sub tali con- 
 dicione quod pater et mater ipsius Thome ad conuencionem 
 iliam consentire voluissent, et dicit quod statim cum idem 
 Thomas de conuencione ilia predictis patri et matri suis nunci- 
 asset, iidem pater et mater ad conuencionem illam non con- 
 sencerunt, set earn omnino renuerunt, per quod ipse a dicto 
 seruicio recessit prout ei bene licuit, et petit iudicium si pre- 
 dictus Robertas iniuriam in hoc casu in persona sua assignare 
 possit. 
 
 Et predictus Robertas dicit quod ipse per aliqua preallegata 
 ab accione sua precludi non debet, quia dicit quod predictus 
 Thomas retentus fuit ad deseruiendum ei in forma predicta per 
 tempus predictum simpliciter, absque aliqua huiusmodi condic- 
 ione, prout ipse superius per breue et narracionem sua sup- 
 ponit, et hoc petit quod inquiratur per patriam et predictus 
 Thomas similiter. 
 
 Ideo preceptum est vicecomitibus quod venire faciant hie a 
 die Sancti Michaelis in xv dies per iusticiarios xii etc. per 
 quos etc. et qui nec etc. ad recognoscendum etc. quia tarn 
 etc. Et super hoc Johannes Trentemarze, Iohannes Croydon. 
 Johannes Henden et Willelmus Passelewe de comitatu Cant’ 
 manuceperunt predictum Thomam habendi corpus eius hie ad 
 prefatum terminum et sic de die in diem ad quemlibet diem 
 placiti quousque iurata inde inter eos transierit et iudicium 
 inde redditum fuerit, videlicet, quilibet eorum corpus pro cor- 
 pore etc. 
 
 Case 36. 
 
 Y. B., 47 Mich., 15, f. 14. 
 
 Trespas Un home port briefe de Trespas sur le statute de 
 sur le Laborers devers un Henry Prie, et counta, que come 
 statut par le statute est ordeigne, que list a nul home en 
 de labor- auter service reteinus, deins la fine de terme enter 
 ers 37. eux accorde, sauns la volunte de son master de- 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 4 ^ * 
 
 Br. 11. parter, la est mesme le Henry, vers que ceo briefe 
 est port, depart hors de son service sans cause, a 
 tort, et a ses damages, et mist en certein quant le 
 terme comence et quant il departe. 
 
 Belknap. 
 
 Nous ne fuimus unques en vostre service, prist, etc. 
 Tanke. 
 
 Ceo n’est pas plee, si vous ne dedits la retenue en 
 nostre service, car maintenant apres la reteinue, vous 
 estes a judge nostre servant par la ley, coment que 
 vous ne venustes unques en nostre service, par que, 
 depuis que il ne responde pas a nous, nous demaunde 
 judgment, et priomus nous damages. 
 
 Fersay. 
 
 A ceo que vous dits, que coment que il ne fuit 
 unques en vostre service, que il fuit ajuge vostre 
 servant, eo ipso, il n’est pas issint, car un home que 
 est en vostre service, puit faire covenant ovesques 
 moy a server, quant son terme est passe, issint que 
 ceo parol, in servicio suo retentus, est a tiel effect, 
 que il fuit en vostre service, et s’il ne vient un¬ 
 ques en vostre service: donques averes autre briefe 
 sur vostre case. 
 
 Finchden. 
 
 A 1 comen ley devant ceo statute, si home prist 
 mon servant hors de mon service, jeo avoy briefe de 
 Trespas, la ou il fuit en mon service corporaliter; 
 ore le statute fuit fait pur cel mischeife que s’il ne 
 vient unques en mon service, apres ceo que il aver 
 fait covenant de moy server, et il soy esloine de 
 moy, j’avera tiel briefe, a suppose que il fuit reteinus 
 en mon service, et departie come ceo cy est, per que 
 il covient necessario a respondre al retenue, ad quod 
 tota curia concessit. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 452 * 
 
 Labor- Belknap, 
 ers 36. Donques nous diomus, que nous ne fuimus unques 
 reteinus de luy server, prist, etc. 
 
 Tanke. 
 
 E contra, et sic ad patriam. 
 
 De Banco Roll, no. 450, 47 Pasch., rot. 203 d, Kane’, is 
 probably the same case in spite of the difference in the sur¬ 
 name of the defendant. Henricus Kary, carucarius, was at¬ 
 tached to answer Margeria on the charge of departure within 
 the term; his plea is simply: non fuit retentus cum prefata 
 Margeria prout ipse per breue et narracionem sua superius 
 supponit, et de hoc ponit se super patriam et predicta Mar¬ 
 geria similiter. Usual order to the sheriff to summon a jury; 
 verdict not recorded. 
 
 6. Cases p, 38 and 43 . ( Cf . pt. ii, ch. ii, 6.) 
 
 Case 9. 
 
 Y. B., 30 Mich., f. 31. 
 
 In un briefe sur le Statut de laborers vers un Rich- 
 Issue ard C. de ceo que il reteina un son servant, et luy avoit 
 esloigne hors de son service enconter le Statut. 
 
 Wichingham. 
 
 Le servant fuit villein a W. D. de son manor de A. 
 quel W. morust, et pur ceo que son heir fuit deins age, 
 et il tient part de ses terres del Roy il seisit la gard, 
 et ce granta a Sir Michel de Poninges, quel M. granta 
 le gard a nous. Et diomus que celuy fuit in nostre 
 service, et nous luy defendamus que il ne se departist, 
 et il ala a vous. Et pur ceo que nous avomus besoign 
 de son service, nous luy prisomus a nous, come bien 
 nous list. Jugement si de ceo tort, etc. 
 
 Burton. 
 
 Vostre respons est double: un, de ceo que il est 
 villein d’un de que vous aves le gard: auter, que il 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 453 * 
 
 fuit en vostre service, et departa enconter vostre gre; 
 en quel cas mesques il ust este frank, vous luy purres 
 aver pris. 
 
 Wichingham. 
 
 Nous ne fondomus rien sur ceo que il fuit en nostre 
 service devant. 
 
 Burton. 
 
 Donques nous diomus que vous n’aves pas besoign 
 de son service, pur ceo que vous aves auters asses. 
 Prest, etc. Et puis il adda, sans ceo que il luy defenda 
 de servir ailours. 
 
 Wichingham. 
 
 Ou vous dites que il n’avoit pas besoign de son ser¬ 
 vice, il avoit besoign. Prest, etc. 
 
 Green. 
 
 Mesques vous soiez a un de prendre ce issu, nous 
 vomus le Statut, si l’issu soit acceptable, etc. 
 
 De Banco Roll, no. 388. 
 
 Placita apud Westmonasteriurn coram Roberto de Thorp 
 et sociis suis iusticiariis domini Regis de Banco de ter- 
 mino Sancti Michaelis, anno . . tricesimo. . . 
 
 Rot. 193. 
 
 Sussex’ Robertus Quetche attachiatus fuit ad respondendum 
 tarn Regi quam Andree Peuerel, chiualer, de placito 
 quare cum per Regem et consilium suum . . . (re¬ 
 tention clause, cf. app., 423) predictus Robertus Iohan- 
 nem Bruggere, nuper seruientem predicti Andree in 
 seruicio suo apud Blachyngton retentum . . . (iden¬ 
 tical with app., 423, mutatis mutandis). 
 
 Et vnde idem Andreas per Willelmum de Neubiri, 
 attornatum suum, queritur quod cum predictus Iohan- 
 nes ad festum Sancti Michaelis anno regni domini 
 Regis nunc Anglie vicesimo nono apud Blachyngton 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 retentus esset in seruicio ipsius Andree ad seruiendum 
 sibi ibidem per vnum annum tunc proxime sequentem 
 certa conuencione inter eos concordata, idem Iohannes 
 sine causa racionabili a seruicio ipsius Andree infra 
 tempus illud, scilicet die Lune proximo ante festum 
 Sancte 1 Margarete anno regni eiusdem domini Regis 
 nunc Anglie tricesimo, a seruicio ipsius Andree ante 
 iinem termini inter eos concordati sine licencia sua re- 
 cessit in seruicium predicti Roberti, et idem Robertus 
 ipsum Iohannem in seruicio suo apud Stenyngg a pre- 
 dicto die Lune vsque diem impetracionis breuis etc. 
 retinuit et ipsum eidem Andree licet sepius requisitus 
 etc. reddere recusauit, in Regis contemptum et pre¬ 
 dicti Andree graue dampnum etc. et contra ordina- 
 cionem supradictam etc., vnde dicit quod deteriorates 
 est et dampnum habet ad valenciam viginti librarum, 
 et inde producit sectam etc. 
 
 Et Robertus per Walterum de Warnham, attoma- 
 tum suum, venit et defendit vim et inipriam quando 
 etc. et quicquid etc. et dicit quod quidam Willelmus 
 Bouet quondam tenuit manerium de Totynton et alia 
 maneria etc. de domino Rege etc. et obiit in homagio 
 ipsius domini Regis; post cuius mortem idem dominus 
 Rex seisiuit in manum suam manerium illud etc., et 
 Willelmum, filium et heredem ipsius Willelmi Bouet; 
 et postmodum idem dominus Rex per literas suas 
 patentes custodiam eorundem manerii et heredis etc. 
 dimisit cuidam Michaeli de Ponyngges, tenendam vsque 
 ad legittimam etatem ipsius heredis simul cum mari- 
 tagio ipsuis heredis et idem Michael postmodum ean- 
 dem custodiam manerii et heredis dimisit predicto 
 Roberto vsque ad legittimam etatem ipsius heredis 
 simul cum maritagio eiusdem heredis et dicit quod 
 predictus Iohannes Bruggere de quo predictus Andreas 
 modo queritur fuit villanus predicti Willelmi Bouet de 
 
 ’MS. Sancti. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 manerio predicto et nunc est villanus predicti Willelmi, 
 filii Willelmi heredis etc.; qui quidam Iohannes sic 
 villanus etc. in seruicio ipsius Roberti sic custodis etc. 
 extiterat et a seruicio suo recessit, idem Robertus vt 
 custos predicti heredis sicut predictum est ipsum Io- 
 hannem in seruicium suum recepit et reduxit sicut ei 
 bene licuit; et petit iudicium si predictus Andreas in- 
 iuriam in ipsum inde assignare possit etc. 
 
 Et Andreas dicit quod predictus Iohannes Bruggere 
 non est villanus predicti heredis sicut predictus Rober¬ 
 tus placitando allegauit, et de hoc ponit se super pa- 
 triam et predictus Robertus similiter. 
 
 Ideo preceptum est vicecomiti quod venire faciat 
 hie 1 a die Pasche in xv dies xii etc. per quos etc. et 
 qui nec etc. ad recognoscendum etc. quia tarn etc. 
 
 Case 38. 
 
 Y. B., 47 Mich., 24, f. 16. 
 
 Briefe Henri Sparke suist un briefe sur le statute de la- 
 sur le borers devers un home, del reteiner son servant, et 
 
 statute fist sa declaracion, que par lou il avera reteinu un 
 de John at Roe en Toffice de carter, del feast de S. 
 
 labor- Michel lan xlv. tanques a mesme le feast, en la an 
 
 ers 38. prochein, etc. le dit William luy avoit prise hors de 
 Br. 13. son service, le merdy en le semaigne de Penthecost 
 l’an, a que Tank dit, que mesme cesty que il suppose 
 que fuit son servant, fuit villain al Abbe de Waltham, 
 regardant al son manour de Bedford, quel manour il 
 avera leasse a terme d’ans al defendant longe temps 
 devant, le quel terme dure uncore, et diomus, que 
 nous avomus charetrer, et avomus besoigne de son 
 service, et a mesme le jour, il vient a la lete tenus 
 le jour, que il ad declaracion, et nous luy resceivou- 
 mus come nostre servant, judgement si tort. 
 
 1 In MS. hie is repeated. 
 
45 ^* 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 Hasty, pur le plaintife dit, que il fuit frank, et de 
 frank estate, prist. 
 
 Et alii e contra. 
 
 De Banco Roll, 451. 
 
 (No heading to roll.) 47 Edw. Ill, Trin. 
 
 Rot. 230. 1 
 
 Essex’ Willelmus Whaykrylle attachiatus fuit ad respon¬ 
 dendum tam domino Regi quam Henrico Spark de 
 placito quare cum per Regem et consilium suum 
 . . . (retention clause, cf. app., 423) predictus Willel¬ 
 mus Iohannem atte Ree, dryuere, nuper seruientem 
 ipsius Henrici in seruicio suo apud Berkyng retentum 
 . . . (identical with app., 423, mutatis mutandis). 
 
 Et vnde idem Henricus in propria persona sua 
 queritur quod cum predictus Iohannes retentus fuis- 
 set cum ipso Henrico apud Berkyng ad deseruiendum 
 ei ibidem in officio carucarii a festo Sancti Michaelis, 
 anno regni domini Regis nunc Anglie quadragesimo 
 quinto, vsque idem festum tunc proxime sequens per 
 vnum annum integrum, idem Iohannes a seruicio 
 ipsius Blenrici ante finem termini predicti, videlicet, 
 die Martis in septimana Pasche, anno regni domini 
 Regis nunc Anglie quadragesimo quinto [recessit], 
 prefatus Willelmus eundem Iohannem quamquam etc. 
 in seruicium suum admisit et retinuit, in Regis con- 
 temptum et ipsius Henrici graue dampnum et contra 
 formam ordinacionis predicte, vnde dicit quod de- 
 terioratus est et dampnum habet ad valenciam viginti 
 librarum, et inde producit sectam etc. 
 
 Et predictus Willelmus in propria persona sua venit 
 et defendit vim et iniuriam quando etc. et quicquid 
 etc. et dicit quod prefatus Iohannes atte Ree est vil- 
 lanus abbatis de Waltham Sancte Crucis vt de man- 
 
 1 For beginning of case, cf. De Banco, 46, Mich., 66 d, Essex. 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 457 * 
 
 erio suo cle Wodeforri; quodquidem manerium idem 
 abbas eidem Willelmo dimisit ad firmam tenendum 
 ad terminum annorum; quiquidem terminus nondum 
 est elapsus et quia idem Willelmus non habuit ser- 
 uientes sufficientes pro carucis et carrectis suis infra 
 manerium predictum tentis tenendis, occupandis et 
 fugandis, idem Willelmus eundem Iohannem qui vil- 
 lanus manerii predicti extit vt predicitur, et potens 
 ad laborandum non habens vnde de suo proprio sc 
 occupare potuit, ad deseruiendum ipsi Willelmo infra 
 manerium predictum arestauit, vnde dicit quod ipse 
 non intendit quod aliqua iniuria in hac parte assignari 
 possit etc. 
 
 Et predictus Henricus dicit quod ipse per aliqua 
 preallegata ab accione sua predicta repelli non debet, 
 quia dicit quod prefatus Johannes atte Ree liber est 
 et libere condicionis et non villanus predicti abbatis, 
 prout predictus Willelmus superius allegauit et hoc 
 petit quod inquiratur per patriam, et predictus Wil¬ 
 lelmus similiter. 
 
 Ideo preceptum est vicecomiti quod venire faciat 
 hie in octabis Sancti Michaelis per iusticiarios xii etc. 
 per quos etc. et qui nec etc. ad recognoscendum etc. 
 quia tarn etc. Et super hoc Iohannes Lichefeld, Wil¬ 
 lelmus Wretheman, Robertus Daundeuyle et Iohannes 
 Wroth, iunior, manuceperunt predictum Willelmum 
 habendi corpus eius hie ad prefatum terminum et sic 
 de die in diem ad quemlibet diem placiti quousque 
 iurata predicta inde inter eos transient et iudicium 
 inde redditum fuerit, videlicet, quilibet eorum corpus 
 pro corpore etc. 
 
 Case 43. 
 
 Y. B., 50 Mich., 2, f. 21. 
 
 John Brid porte briefe de Trespas vers John Do- 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 458* 
 
 Labour¬ 
 ers 42. 
 
 beine, et counta que il avera ove force et armes 
 prise et amesne Thomas Sole et W. Sole son vil¬ 
 leins en son service esteant a H. en le counte de 
 Somerset. 
 
 Persay. 
 
 Nous diomus que mesme ceux T. et W. viendront a 
 Herflet en le county de Devon’, et fueront vagraunts 
 hors de chescun service: et nous a eux proferromus 
 service, et ils fieront covenant ove nous, de nous 
 servir de le feast de S. Michael tanques al feast de 
 Saint Michael prochein ensuant, deins quel temps 
 vous suppose par vostre count, que ils fueront prises 
 et amesnes, deins quel temps vous venustis a Herd- 
 tiete en le county de Devon’, et pristes nostre ser¬ 
 vants hors de nostre service, et les amenastes en le 
 county de Somerset a Hewiche, a que vous estes, 
 et nous illonques pristomus, come bien a nous list, 
 et demaundomus judgement, si de tiel prise tort en 
 nostre person poies assigne. 
 
 Perle. 
 
 A ceo diomus nous, que longe temps devant ceo 
 covenant, d’ont vous paries, que nous conus pas, 
 nous commaundomus nostre dits villeins de nous 
 servir bien, Tun en Toffice de carver, et Tauter en 
 office de fowlere, et des auters ovcraignes faire, des 
 queux les seigniour averont mitre, devant a eux cer- 
 tein salary, et certein summe pur viver et vesture, 
 et que puis nous resceivomus eux come nostre ser¬ 
 vants et il ad conus le prise de nous a force et armes, 
 per que nous demaundomus judgement, et priomus 
 nostre damage. 
 
 Persay. 
 
 Et depuis que nous avere allege que ils viendront 
 a nous en le county de Devon’ come vagraunts, 
 et fieront covenaunt ove nous, et fueront en nostre 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 459 * 
 
 service, et que vous les prises de nous, en quel case 
 nous entendomus que fuit congeable a nous d’eux 
 reprendre, nous demaundomus judgement, et pri- 
 omus que vous soies barre. 
 
 Belknap. 
 
 Si moil villein soit fuiant de mon seigniory, ou 
 en auter county, et illonques soit vagraunt hors de 
 chescun service, il est congeable de chescun de luy 
 faire servir, et devant tanques il soit apprise, que il 
 soit servant a un autre, ou auter villein, il n’est 
 tenus de faire restitution a nul home de luy, et 
 coment que son primer maister, ou son seigniour 
 luy preigne hors de son service sans faire notice a 
 luy, que est son maister, a que il fuit son servant 
 devant, que il est congeable chose pur luy reprendre, 
 Notice et vous n’avere my allege que vous fistes notice, ne 
 
 B. 2. que il aver a notice de lour person, come de vostre 
 
 villein, et uncore il ne gist my en notice, ne que ils 
 fueront en ascun service ou nemy, per que il semble 
 que sans allegeance que vous luy fistes notice, ou que 
 ils aver notice en auter maner, que vous n’avere 
 action vers luy. 
 
 Persay. 1 
 
 Il avera notice que ils fueront ses ii villeins, prist. 
 Belknap. 
 
 Coment avera il notice, etc. quaere ceo matter. 
 Fitzherbert, Laborers, 42. 
 
 Nota que Belknap dit, si mon villen ale de ma seignorie a vn 
 auter counte, et illonques est vagarant hors de chescun seruice, 
 il est congeable a chescun home de compel luy de seruer luy 
 tanques il soit apprise que il est auter seruant ou auter villen 
 il nest tenus de faire restitucion a nul home de luy, et mesque 
 son prim mester ou seignor luy preigne hors de son seruyce 
 
 1 Apparently an error for Perle. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 460 * 
 
 sauns notice faire a luy que est son mayster deuaunt il est 
 congeable pour luy de luy reprendre, par que les partyes pie- 
 dent accorde. 
 
 Brooke, Notice, 2. 
 
 Vide title labores 17 que seignior de villein ou master que 
 primes reteine seruant, ne eux prende hors dauter seruice sans 
 doner notice al master que ad le seruant in possession, post 4. 
 (21 H. 6, 9). 50 E. 3. 21. 
 
 Villenage, 13. 
 
 Vide title laborers 17 par Belknap et Persey, seignur ne 
 prendra son villein hors dauter seruice ne mastre son seruant 
 pur former retaynder sans doner notice del villenage ou for¬ 
 mer retaynder. 50 E. 3, 21. 
 
 De Banco Roll, no. 460. 
 
 Placita apud Westmonasterium coram R. Bealknapp et 
 sociis suis iusticiariis domini Regis de Banco de ter- 
 mino Sancti Michaelis, anno . . quadragesimo nono 
 
 • « • • 
 
 Rot. 302. 
 
 Somerset’ Iohannes Michel, persona ecclesie de Baunton, 
 Adam Wade, Iohannes Cruse, Robertus Smyth et 
 Iohannes Mannyng, smyth, attachiati fuerunt ad re¬ 
 spondendum Simoni Brut de placito quare vi et 
 armis Iohannem Bruere et Walterum Bruere, na- 
 tiuos ipsius Simonis in seruicio suo apud Huwissh 
 Chaumflour existentes, ceperunt et abduxerunt per 
 quod idem Simon seruicia natiuorum suorum pre- 
 dictorum per magnum tempus amisit et alia enormia 
 ei intulerunt, ad dampnum ipsius Simonis viginti 
 librarum et contra pacem Regis etc. 
 
 Et vnde idem Simon per Iohannem Eitelton, at- 
 tornatum suum, queritur quod predicti Iohannes 
 Michel et omnes alii die Iouis proximo post festum 
 
DOCUMENTS , LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 461 * 
 
 Pasche anno regni domini Regis nunc Anglie quad- 
 ragesimo octauo, vi et armis, scilicet gladiis, arcubus 
 et sagittis, lohannem Bruere et Walterum Bruere, 
 natiuos ipsius Simonis in seruicio suo apud Huwyssh 
 Chaumflour existentes, ceperunt et abduxerunt per 
 quod idem Simon seruicium natiuorum suorum pre- 
 dictorum per magnum tempus, videlicet, a predicto 
 die Iouis vsque festum Sancti Michaelis tunc prox- 
 ime sequens amisit et alia enormia etc., ad graue 
 dampnum etc. contra pacem etc. vnde dicit quod 
 deterioratus est et dampnum habet ad valenciam 
 quadraginta marcarum et inde producit sectam etc. 
 
 Et predicti Iohannes Michel et omnes alii per 
 Hugonem Worthe, attornatum suum, veniunt et de- 
 fendunt vim et iniuriam quando etc. Et iidem Io¬ 
 hannes Michel, Robertus et Iohannes Mannyng 
 dicunt quod ipsi in nullo sunt culpabiles de trans- 
 gressione predicta et de hoc ponunt se super patriam 
 et predictus Simon similiter. 
 
 Et predicti Adam et Iohannes Cruse quoad venire 
 vi et armis dicunt quod ipsi in nullo sunt culpabiles, 
 et de hoc ponunt se super patriam et predictus Simon 
 similiter. Et predictus Adam quoad capcionem pre¬ 
 dicti Iohannis Bruere etc. et prefatus Iohannes 
 Cruse quoad capcionem predicti Walteri non cog- 
 noscunt ipsos fore natiuos ipsius Simonis set con- 
 trarium verificare pretendendo si etc., separatim 
 dicunt, videlicet, idem Adam quod ipse ad festum 
 Sancti Michaelis anno regni domini Regis nunc An¬ 
 glie quadragesimo septimo apud Baunton in comi- 
 tatu Deuon’, inuenit eundem lohannem Bruere 
 ibidem vagantem et extra quodlibet seruicium et 
 similiter predictus Iohannes Cruse quod ipse inuenit 
 ibidem predictum Walterum vagantem et extra quod¬ 
 libet seruicium, per quod ipsi separatim conuen- 
 cionem cum eis fecerunt ad deseruiendum eis ibidem 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 ab eodem festo Sancti Michaelis vsque idem festum 
 tunc proxime sequens et dicunt quod prefatus Simon 
 infra terminum predictum, videlicet, predicto die 
 louis quo ipse supponitur transgressionem predictam 
 sibi factam fuisse, venit apud Baunton et eosdem 
 Iohannem Bruere et Walterum extra eorum ser- 
 uicium vi et armis cepit et abduxit et ipsi eodem die 
 eundem Simonem recenter prosecuti fuerunt vsque 
 Huwyssh Chaumflour in comitatu Somerset’ et ser- 
 uientes suos predictos ceperunt et secum vsque Baun¬ 
 ton reduxerunt prout eis bene licuit, absque hoc 
 quod ipsi tunc temporis in seruicio ipsius Simonis 
 fuerunt, et hoc parati sunt verificare vnde petunt 
 iudicium etc. 
 
 Et predictus Simon dicit quod ante predictum 
 festum Sancti Michaelis anno regni domini Regis 
 nunc Anglie quadragesimo septimo, retencio cum 
 ipsis Iohanne Bruere et Waltero per preceptum 
 eiusdem Simonis facta fuit ad comorandum et de- 
 seruiendum eidem Simoni apud Huwyssh Chaum¬ 
 flour ab eodem festo Sancti Michaelis vsque festum 
 Pentecostes tunc proxime sequens et deinde vsque 
 festum Sancti Michaelis tunc proxime sequens, infra 
 quern terminum iidem Iohannes Bruere et Walterus 
 a seruicio ipsius Simonis recesserunt et a seruicio 
 suo se elongauerunt, per quod ipse eosdem [Iohan¬ 
 nem] Bruere et Walterum natiuos et seruientes suos 
 prosecutus fuit, ipsos cepit et ad iudicium suum 
 proprium reduxit et in seruicio suo ibidem retinuit 
 quousque predicti Adam et Iohannes ipsos Iohan¬ 
 nem Bruere et Walterum in seruicio ipsius Simonis 
 apud Huwyssh Chaumflour sic existentes vi et armis 
 ceperunt et abduxerunt, et hoc paratus est verificare, 
 vnde petit iudicium etc. 
 
 Et predicti Adam et Iohannes Cruse dicunt quod 
 vbi prefatus Simon superius in manutencionem ac- 
 
DOCUMENTS, LISTS AND TABLES 
 
 463 * 
 
 cionis sue allegauit predictos Iohannem Bruere et 
 Walterum retentos fuisse cum ipso Simone ad de- 
 seruiendum ei ante predictum festum Sancti Mich- 
 aelis anno regni domini Regis nunc Anglie quadra- 
 gesimo septimo a predicto festo Sancti Michaelis per 
 vnum annum tunc proxime sequentem, iidem Iohan- 
 nes Bruere et Walterus non fuerunt retenti cum 
 eodem Simone ante predictum festum Sancti Mich¬ 
 aelis anno regni domini Regis nunc Anglie quadra- 
 gesimo septimo, ad deseruiendum eidem Simoni ab 
 eodem festo tunc proxime sequente, prout idem 
 Simon preallegauit, et hoc parati sunt verificare, vnde 
 petunt iudicium etc. 
 
 Et predictus Simon dicit quod Iohannes Bruere et 
 Walterus retenti fuerunt per preceptum eis apud 
 Huwyssh Chaumflour factum ante predictum festum 
 Sancti Michaelis anno regni domini Regis nunc An¬ 
 glie quadragesimo septimo, ad deseruiendum eidem 
 Simoni ibidem ab eodem festo per vnum annum tunc 
 proxime sequentem, prout ipse superius placitando 
 declarauit et hoc petit quod inquiratur per patriam 
 et predicti Adam et Iohannes Cruse similiter. 
 
 Ideo preceptum est vicecomiti quod venire faciat 
 Octabis hie in octabis Sancti Hillarii xii de visneto de 
 
 Hillarii. Huwysshe Chaumflour per quos etc. et qui nec etc. 
 ad recognoscendum etc. quia tarn etc. 
 
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BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PRINTED SOURCES 465 * 
 
 Bateson, Mary 
 
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 Chaucer, Geoffrey 
 
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4 66 * BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PRINTED SOURCES 
 
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 Court Baron, (The) together with Select Pleas from the Bishop of 
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 Fitzherbert, Anthony 
 
 La Graunde Abridgement. 2 pts., Lond., 1565. 
 
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BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PRINTED SOURCES 467 * 
 
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 Industry in England. 2nd ed., N. Y., 1897. 
 
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 Hall, Hubert 
 
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 Kramer, Stella 
 
 The English Craft Gilds and the Government. An Examination of 
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 V. Vll. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PRINTED SOURCES 
 
 468 * 
 
 Lambard, William 
 
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 Langland, William 
 
 Vision of William concerning Piers the Plowman, in three parallel 
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 Lapsley, Gaillakd Thomas 
 
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 Leet Jurisdiction in the City of Norwich during the XIIIth and XIVth 
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 Leonard, E. M. 
 
 The Early History of English Poor Relief. Cambridge, 1900. 
 
 Liber Albus. See Munimenta Gildhallae. 
 
 Liber Assisarum. See Year Books. 
 
 Liber Custumarum. See Munimenta Gildhallae. 
 
 Liber Intrationum. Lond., 1546. 
 
 Lists and Indexes, Public Record Office, London. 
 
 No. i. Index of Ancient Petitions of the Chancery and the Ex¬ 
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 No. iv. List of Plea Rolls of Various Courts. 1894. 
 
 No. vi. List and Index of Court Rolls. Pt. 1, 1896. 
 
 No. ix. List of Sheriffs for England and Wales from the earliest 
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 No. xii, v. i. List of Early Chancery Proceedings. 1901. 
 
 No. xiv. List of the Records of the Duchy of Lancaster. 1901. 
 No. xv. List of Ancient Correspondence of the Chancery and Ex¬ 
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 Little, A. G. 
 
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 Livre des Assizes. See Year Books. 
 
 Longman, William 
 
 The History of the Life and Times of Edward the Third. 2 vols., 
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 Mackay, Thomas 
 
 A History of the English Poor Law. v. iii, N. Y., etc., 1899. 
 Madox, Thomas 
 
 The History and Antiquities of the Exchequer of the Kings of Eng¬ 
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BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PRINTED SOURCES 469 * 
 
 Maitland, Frederic William 
 
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 “The History of the Register of Original Writs” in Harvard Law 
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 See also Court Baron, Records of the Parliament of 1305, Select 
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 Martin, Charles Trice 
 
 The Record Interpreter. Lond., 1892. 
 
 Medley, Dudley Julius 
 
 A Student’s Manual of English Constitutional History. 3rd ed., 
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 Memorials of London and London Life in the 13th, 14th and 15th Cen¬ 
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 Merewether, H. A., and Stephens, A. J. 
 
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 Munimenta Gildhallae Londoniensis; Liber Albus, Liber Custumarum, 
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 New Natura Brevium. See Fitzherbert. 
 
 Nicholls, Sir George 
 
 A History of the English Poor Law. 2 vols., Lond., 1854. 
 
 Novae Narrationes. Included in 1534 ed. °f Natura Brevium in Har¬ 
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 “Offenders against the Statute of Labourers in Wiltshire, A. D. 1349,” 
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 Oman, Charles 
 
 The Great Revolt of 1381. Oxford, 1906. 
 
 Page, Thomas Walker 
 
 The End of Villainage in England. N. Y., 1900. 
 
 Palgrave, Sir Francis 
 
 An Essay upon the Original Authority of the King’s Council. Rec. 
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 See also Antient Kalendars, etc. 
 
 Parry, C. H. 
 
 The Parliaments and Councils of England, chronologically ar¬ 
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 Lond., 1839. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PRINTED SOURCES 
 
 470* 
 
 Pashley, Robert 
 
 Pauperism and Poor Laws. Lond., 1852. 
 
 Petit-Dutaillis. See Reville. 
 
 Pike, L. Owen 
 
 “An Action at Law in the Reign of Edward III.: the Report and 
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 “Common Law and Conscience in Chancery” in Law Quarterly 
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 See also Year Books. 
 
 Pollock, Sir Frederic 
 
 “Contracts in Early English Law” in Harvard Law Review, v. vi. 
 
 Principles of Contract. 4th ed., Lond., 1885. 
 
 Pollock, Sir Frederic, and Maitland, Frederic William 
 
 The History of English Law before the Time of Edward I. 2nd 
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 Powell, Edgar 
 
 The Rising in East Anglia in 1381. Cambridge, 1896. 
 
 Putnam, B. H. 
 
 “The Justices of Labourers in the Fourteenth Century” in E. H. 
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 Ramsay, Sir James H. 
 
 “Expenditure of Edward III.” in The Antiquary, v. i. 
 
 Records of the Borough of Leicester. Ed. Mary Bateson, 2 vols., Cam¬ 
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 Records of the Borough of Nottingham. Ed. W. H. Stevenson, 4 vols., 
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 Records of the Parliament holden at Westminster in 1305. Ed. F. W. 
 Maitland, Rolls series, Lond., 1893. 
 
 Red Book (The) of the Exchequer. Ed. Hubert Hall, 3 vols., Rolls 
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 Reeves, John 
 
 History of English Law from the time of the Romans to the end 
 of the reign of Elizabeth. Ed. W. F. Finlason, 3 vols., Lond., 
 1869. 
 
 Registrum Brevium tarn Originalium quam Judicalium. 4th ed., Lond., 
 1687. 
 
 Reports from the Select Committee appointed to inquire into the State 
 of the Public Records of the Kingdom , 1800. Lond. [1803]. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PRINTED SOURCES 471 * 
 
 R£ville, Andr£ 
 
 Le Soulevement des Travailleurs d’Angleterre en 1381, par Andre 
 Reville: etudes et documents, publies avec une introduction his- 
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 Riley, H. T. 
 
 See Memorials of London and Munimenta Gildhallae. 
 
 Rogers, James E. Thorold 
 
 A History of Agriculture and Prices in England', 1259-1793. 6 vols., 
 Oxford, 1866-87; v. vii, Oxford, 1902. 
 
 Six Centuries of Work and Wages. N. Y., 1884. 
 
 . “England Before and After the Black Death” in Fortnightly Re¬ 
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 “The Peasants’ War of 1381,” ibid., v. iv. 
 
 Rotuli Parliamentorum; ut et Petitiones, et Placita in Parliamcnto 
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 1832. 
 
 Rotulorum Originalium in Curia Scaccarii Abbreviatio. 2 vols., Rec. 
 Comm., Lond., 1805-1810. 
 
 Rymer, Thomas, and Sanderson, Robert 
 
 Foedcra, Convcntiones, Litterac, et cujuscunque generis Acta Pub- 
 lica, inter Reges Angliac et alios quosvis Imperatores, etc. 4 vols. 
 in 7 pts., Rec. Comm., Lond., 1816-1869. 
 
 Salmond, John W. 
 
 “History of Contract” in Law Quarterly Review, v. iii. 
 
 Savine, Alexander 
 
 “Bondmen under the Tudors” in Trans. Royal Hist. Soc., new 
 series, v. xvii. 
 
 Review of Wat Tyler’s Rebellion, by D. Petrushevsky, in E. H. R., 
 v. xvii. 
 
 Scargill-Bird, S. R. 
 
 A Guide to the Principal Classes of Documents preserved in the 
 Public Record Office. 2nd ed., Lond., 1896. 
 
 Seebohm, Frederic 
 
 “The Black Death and its Place in English History” in Fortnightly 
 Review, v. ii. 
 
 “The Population of England before the Black Death,” ibid., v. iv. 
 
 “Villainage in England” in E. H. R., v. vii. 
 
 Select Cases from the Coroners’ Rolls, I 265 ~I 4 I 3 • Ed. Charles Gross, 
 Selden Soc., Lond., 1896. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PRINTED SOURCES 
 
 472 * 
 
 Select Cases in Chancery, 1364-1471. Ed. William Paley Baildon, Sel- 
 den Soc., Lond., 1896. 
 
 Select Pleas in Manorial and other Seignorial Courts. H. III. and 
 Edw. I. Ed. F. W. Maitland, Selden Soc., Lond., 1889. 
 
 Sharpe, R. R. 
 
 See Calendar of Letter Books of London. 
 
 Soule, Charles C. 
 
 “ Year-Book Bibliography” in Harvard Law Review, v. xiv. 
 Spence, George 
 
 The Equitable Jurisdiction of the Court of Chancery. 2 vols., 
 Lond., 1846-49. 
 
 State Trials of the Reign of Edward the First , 1289-1293. Ed. T. F. 
 Tout and Hilda Johnstone, Royal Hist. Soc., Lond., 1906. 
 
 Statham, (Nicolas) 
 
 Abridgement. Lond. [1470]. 
 
 Statutes (The) of the Realm. 9 vols., in 10 pts., 2 index vols., Rec. 
 Comm., Lond., 1810-1828. 
 
 Stephens, A. J. See Merewether. 
 
 Stevenson, W. H. See Records of Nottingham. 
 
 Stubbs, William 
 
 The Constitutional History of England in its Origin and Develop¬ 
 ment. v. i, 6th ed., Oxford, 1897; v. ii, 4th ed., and v. iii, 5th 
 ed., Oxford, 1896. 
 
 Thompson, E. M. 
 
 See “Offenders against the Statute, etc A 
 Tout, T. F. 
 
 The Political History of England, 1216-1377. N. Y., etc., 1905. 
 
 See also State Trials. 
 
 Trevelyan, George Macaulay 
 
 England in the Age of Wycliffe. N. Y., etc., 1899. 
 
 “An Account of the Rising of 1381” in E. H. R., v. xiii. 
 
 Trokelowe, John of 
 
 Johannis de Trokelowe et Henrici de Blaneforde, Monachorum S. 
 Albani, necnon quorundam Anonymorum, Chronica et Annales. 
 Ed. H. T. Riley, Rolls series, Lond., 1866. 
 
 Unwin, George 
 
 Industrial Organization in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries. 
 Oxford, 1904. 
 
 VlNOGRADOFF, PAUL 
 
 Villainage in England. Oxford, 1892. 
 
 Review of Page’s End of Villainage in E. H. R., v. xv. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PRINTED SOURCES 473 * 
 Wiebe, Dr. Georg 
 
 “Zur Geschichte der Preisrevolution des 16. und 17. Jahrshunderts” 
 in Staats- und socialwissenschaftliche Beitrdge. Ed. Dr. August 
 von Miaskowski, v. ii, pt. 2, Leipzig, 1895. 
 
 Wiltshire Assise Roll. 
 
 See “Offenders against the Statute, etc.” 
 
 Wyclif, John 
 
 The English Works, hitherto unprinted. Ed. F. D. Matthew, Early 
 English Text Soc., Lond., 1880. 
 
 Year Books. 
 
 Les Reports del cases. [Edw. II—27 H. VIII.] 11 pts. Lond., 
 1678-80. 
 
 Le Second Part de les Reports des Cases en Ley [17-39 Edw. III.]. 
 Lond., 1679. 
 
 Les Reports del Cases en Ley [40-50 Edw. III.]. Lond., 1679. 
 
 Le Livre des Assises et Pleas del Cor one. Lond., 1679. 
 
 1 & 2 Edward II. 1307-1309. Ed. F. W. Maitland, Selden Soc., 
 Lond., 1903. 
 
 2 & 3 Edward II. 1308-9 and 1309-10. Ed. F. W. Maitland, Sel¬ 
 den Soc., Lond., 1904. 
 
 3 Edward II. 1309-1310. Ed. F. W. Maitland, Selden Soc., 
 Lond., 1905. 
 
 12 & 13 Edward III. Ed. Luke Owen Pike, Rolls series, Lond., 
 1885. 
 
INDEX 
 
 This index does not include headings or references already sufficiently 
 
 indicated in the table of contents. 
 
 Abridgments, 170. See also 
 Brooke, Fitzherbert and Stat- 
 ham. 
 
 Accounts, 57, 79, 88, 102, 105, hi, 
 113 et seq., 120, 127, 140, 256*- 
 2 58 *, 3i2*-3i4*. See also Es¬ 
 treats and Money penalties. 
 
 Actions, of covenant, 157-160, 162- 
 163, 173, 178-179, 189-190; of 
 debt, 173, 193, note 1, 206; of 
 false imprisonment, 180-182, 
 206, 210; of trespass vi et armis, 
 173, 181, 182, 195, 206, 212; on 
 statutes of labourers, geograph¬ 
 ical distribution of, 173-174. 
 See also Compulsory service 
 clause, Contract clause, Price 
 clause, Service by the usual 
 terms, Summer and winter 
 clause, Wages clause, Depar¬ 
 ture and Retention. 
 
 Agricultural labourers, 71-73, 75, 
 78, 80, 82, 89-90, 156, 160, 179- 
 180, 182-183. 
 
 Allowances, money penalties 
 granted as, to taxpayers, pt. 1, 
 ch. iii, s. 1, A and B. 
 
 Allowance system, 118. 
 
 Almsgiving, 72, 77. 
 
 Amercements, see Money penal¬ 
 ties. 
 
 Ancient Indictments, 29, 79, note 
 8, 166, note 2, 167, 170, 174, 
 143*, 241*. 
 
 Apprentices, 185, 211. 
 
 Artisans, 71-73, 75 , 76, 78, 80, 82, 
 90, 155-156, 179 , 183, 184. 
 
 Assize of ale, 154-155, 160, 164- 
 165. 
 
 Assize of bread, ut supra. 
 
 Assize Rolls, I42*-I44*, 239*. 
 
 Associations to commissions, 28, 
 42*, 43*. 
 
 Assumpsit , action of, 158. 
 
 Attachment, 68, 119, 169, 171 et 
 seq., 207. 
 
 Bailiffs, 10, 12, 52, note 4, 66, 68, 
 73, 79, 94, 100, 102, 144, 161, 
 186-187. 
 
 Baldwin, quotations from, 41, note 
 3, 42, note 2, 218, 6*. 
 
 Bateson, quotations from, 159. 
 
 Black Death, 1-2, 87, 99, 106, 223. 
 
 Boroughs, 33, 36 et seq., 52, 155- 
 156, 159, 163. 
 
 Brooke, 167, 177, 204. 
 
 Calendars, ig*-2i*; errors in, 33*- 
 35*, notes. 
 
 Capias, writ of, 66, 68. 
 
 Carthusians, 93, 147. 
 
 Certiorari, writ of, 64, 92, 95, note 
 1, 96-97, 240*. 
 
 Chancellor, 27, 33, 43, note 2, 46, 
 64, 96, 166, 239*-240*; of Uni¬ 
 versity of Oxford, 33, 52. 
 
 Chancery, 65,96-97,145, 239^-240*. 
 
 Chaplains, 71, note 1, 81, 187-189. 
 
 Chester, palatinate of, 16, 147, 19*. 
 
 Chivage, 157, 201. 
 
 Chroniclers, 2, 91-92, 95-96, 3*. 
 
 Church, the work of, 71, note 1, 
 215, note 1,3*. 
 
 Clerks, 81, 186-187; of justices of 
 labourers, 46-48, 59, 61-63, 94. 
 
 Close Rolls, 36, 44 et seq., 134, 19*, 
 255 *- 
 
 Collectors of the subsidy of 1348, 
 pt. i, ch. iii, s. 1, A, 12, 14, 
 255 *- 258 *; of ^ 52 , pt. i, ch. iii, 
 s. 1, B, 44-45, 54, 55, 255*- 
 258*, 312*-314*. 
 
 Commissions, for labourers, defi¬ 
 nition of, 13, note 5; of investi¬ 
 gation, 115, 123-124, 255*; of 
 oyer and terminer, 94, 200; of 
 the peace, pt. i, ch. i, ss. 1, 2 
 and 4, 126, 146; to collectors, 
 100 et seq., 108, 255*. 
 
 475* 
 
INDEX 
 
 476 * 
 
 Committee of apportionment, 44- 
 45, 109, m-113. 
 
 Common law, 178, 189-191, 194- 
 195, 199 - 
 
 Common Pleas, court of, pt. ii, 
 ch. ii, passim , especially 166, 
 168, 169, 170-172, 175. See 
 also De Banco Rolls, Reports 
 and Records. 
 
 Commons, action of the, 26-28, 33, 
 34, 99-100, 106-107, 139-140. 
 See also Petitions in Parlia¬ 
 ment. 
 
 Communities, the, 33, 35, 118, 120, 
 125-127, 131, See also Peti¬ 
 tions and Taxpayers. 
 Compulsory service clause, 3, note 
 
 1, 71, 73-74, 82, 157, 161, 175, 
 176, 179-181, 190, note 3, 198, 
 199-200, 205-206, 212-213, 217, 
 222; exemption from, 74, 180- 
 181; form of writ, 174-175, 212, 
 note 4. 
 
 Constables, duties of, 10, 66, 67- 
 68, 73, 76, 83, 100, 113, 114, 
 119, 161, 197; delinquencies of, 
 77, 94, 102. 
 
 Contract clause, pt. ii, ch. ii, ss. 
 
 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7; 71, 74, 78, 82, 
 83, 162-163; form of writ, 174- 
 175. See also Departure and 
 Retention. 
 
 Contracts, 154, 157-160, 162-163, 
 177-179, 223. 
 
 Controlment Rolls, 166, note 2, 167. 
 Coram Rege Rolls, 97, 166, note 
 
 2, 171-173, 241*. See also 
 King’s Bench, Plea Rolls and 
 Records. 
 
 Coroners, 52, 116, note 2, 137. 
 Coroners’ Rolls, 166, note 2, 167, 
 170, 144*, 239*. 
 
 Council, see King’s council. 
 Counts, 177, 178, note 3, 192. 
 Counties, commissions for labour¬ 
 ers in, pt. 1, ch. 1, ss. 1, 2 and 
 
 4, 138*—139*; distinction be¬ 
 tween, 39, 198-199, 203-205. 
 See also Petitions. 
 
 County court, 69, 161, and note 3, 
 162. 
 
 County Placita, 96, 239*, 240*. 
 Covenant, see Actions of covenant. 
 Craft gilds, 155. 
 
 Damages, see Money penalties. 
 
 Davenport, quotation from, 163, and 
 note 4. 
 
 De Banco Rolls, 166, note 2, 171- 
 172. See also Common Pleas, 
 Plea Rolls and Records. 
 
 Defendants, 181-182, and note 1, 
 213; pleas of, 187, 192 et seq., 
 197; decisions of courts as to, 
 pt. ii, ch. ii, s. 7. See also 
 Employees and Employers. 
 
 Departure within term, actions for, 
 74, 158, 175, 181, 195; form of 
 writ, 174-175,177-178. See also 
 Contract clause, Defendants, 
 Employees and Employers. 
 
 Deputies of justices of labourers, 
 54, 59-60, 228*—229*. 
 
 Distraint, writs of, 68, note 4, 119, 
 132, 135 , 137 - 
 
 Durham, palatinate of, 10, 12, 16, 
 37; Cursitors’ Records, i9*-20*. 
 
 Ecclesiastical authorities, 189. See 
 also Church. 
 
 Employees, actions against, 181; 
 analysis of, 182 et seq.; manual 
 labourers, 78, 179; above man¬ 
 ual labourers, 81, 91, 183, 186 
 et seq.; rights of, under con¬ 
 tract clause, 192-194. See also 
 Defendants. 
 
 Employers, actions against, 70, 
 181-182, 213, 221, 223; rights 
 of, under compulsory service 
 clause, 181, 199-200; under 
 
 contract clause, 194 et seq., 
 203. See also Defendants and 
 Plaintiffs. 
 
 Enrolled Subsidies, 127, 257*, 312*- 
 3 I 4 *- 
 
 Estreats, definition of, 61; method 
 of writing, 61-62, 65, 136; de¬ 
 livery of, to proper official in¬ 
 sisted on by exchequer, 35-36, 
 63, 64, pt. 1, ch. iii, passim; 
 separation of estreats of justices 
 of labourers from those of 
 keepers of the peace, 18, 23-24, 
 146. See also Accounts, 
 Money penalties and Justices 
 of labourers. 
 
 Excess, see Money penalties. 
 
 Exchequer, 32-33*35-36, 64-65, 92, 
 97, pt. i, ch. iii, passim. See 
 also Accounts, Estreats, and 
 Money penalties. 
 
INDEX 
 
 Exemption, from compulsory la¬ 
 bour, see Compulsory service 
 clause; from service on com¬ 
 missions for labourers, see 
 Justices of labourers. 
 
 Exigends, 66, 69; rolls of, 166, 
 note 2, 176, 144*, 239*. 
 
 Fine Rolls, 19*, 255*. 
 
 Fines, see Money penalties. 
 
 Fines and Amercements, 257*. 
 
 Fitzherbert, 42, note 1, 43, note 1, 
 95, note 1, 97, note 2, 167-170, 
 177, pt. ii, ch. ii, ss. 4, 5 and 
 6, notes, passim. 
 
 Franchises, see Lords of, and Lib¬ 
 erties. 
 
 Gaol Delivery Rolls, 166, note 2, 
 
 144*. 
 
 Gasquet, quotations from, 93, notes 
 3 and 4, 99, note 1, 108, note 
 3, 130, note 1, 186, note 5, 215, 
 note. 
 
 Hostelers, 73. 
 
 Household servants, 71-73, 75, 78, 
 80, 83, 89, 179, 182. 
 
 Hundred, 67, 68; court of, 139, 158, 
 161, note 3, 162. 
 
 Imprisonment, 82-85. 
 
 Innkeepers, 73. 
 
 Iron, price of, 15, note 5. 
 
 Joint commission, definition of, 12, 
 note 2; final form of, 17, 25, 
 126; cases before in King’s 
 Bench, 97, 172. 
 
 Juries of indictment, 66, 67; pre¬ 
 sentments by, 66-68, 84, 174. 
 See also Trial juries. 
 
 Jurisdiction, conflict of, between 
 old local courts and quarter 
 sessions, 138-139,I53-I54; 164- 
 165; between county and bor¬ 
 ough justices of labourers, 38- 
 39; between county and special 
 justices of labourers, ibid.; 
 between collectors and justices 
 of labourers, 103-104; profits 
 of, 92-93, 98 , 99 , 138-139, 165,' 
 of justices of the peace over 
 statutes of labourers, 10, 17, 
 
 25, 153. 
 
 Jurors, 67, 69-70, 213. See also 
 Juries. 
 
 Justices of labourers, definition of, 
 20-21; abolition of, 17, 23-24, 
 32; survival of phrase, 20, 25- 
 
 477 * 
 
 26; total number appointed, 
 20-21; exemption of, from ser¬ 
 vice, 34-36, 49 ; non-residence 
 of, 50-51; number of acting, 
 17, 35-36, 60, 63 ; capitalis 
 iusticiarius, 35, note 4, 60-61, 
 64; special, see Lords of fran¬ 
 chises; relation of, to lords, 92- 
 93; duties of, in regard to 
 estreats, 18, 23-24, 35-36, 61- 
 
 64, 87, 103-105, 109-113, 132- 
 
 136, 144-145; salaries, total 
 
 amount of, 128; methods of pay¬ 
 ment of, 44-45, 112, 114, 123- 
 124,133-135,141,143; references 
 to, in central courts, 191, 194, 
 197, 214; delinquencies of, 92, 
 
 94, 96, 103, 106, 115-117, 119, 
 120, 135; general conclusion as 
 to, 55-56, 77, 149, 220. See 
 also Jurisdiction, Penalties and 
 Quarter sessions. 
 
 Justices of the peace, see Keepers 
 of the peace. 
 
 Keepers of the peace, pt. i, ch. i, 
 ss. 1, 2, 3 and 4; as justices of 
 the peace acquire permanent 
 jurisdiction over the statutes 
 of labourers, 24-26, 153; rec¬ 
 ords of, 143*. 
 
 King, the, 46, 56, 64, 69, 92, 93, 
 
 95, 123, 142, 147, 164, 216* et 
 seq. See also King’s council. 
 
 King’s Bench, court of, 29, 32, 64- 
 
 65, 92, 93, note 4, 94, 96-97, 
 hi, 123-124, 151, pt. ii, ch. 
 ii, passim , especially 166, 172, 
 176. See also Coram Rege 
 Rolls, Reports, Records and 
 Penalties. 
 
 King’s council, 2, 13, 26, 29-34, 
 40, 41, 48, note 2, 56, 64-65, 
 76, 86, 92-96, 100 et seq., 125- 
 126, 129-130, 141-142, 149, 166, 
 240*-24i*. See also Petitions. 
 
 Labourers, 76, 77, 80, 83, 100, 130, 
 219-220. See also Ordinance 
 of, Statute of, Justices of, 
 Commissions for, Agricultural 
 Labourers, Artisans, House¬ 
 hold servants, Labouring 
 classes, Employees and Wages. 
 
 Labouring classes, 2, 78, 81, 92, 
 99, 129, 189, 207. See also ut 
 supra. 
 
INDEX 
 
 478 * 
 
 Lambard, quotations from, 9, note 
 1, 14, 23, 38, 42, note 1, 51. 
 
 Lancaster, county of, 11, 12, 29, 
 37; palatinate of, 16-17, 21, 38, 
 20*. 
 
 Lay Subsidies, 257*, 3i2*-3i4*. 
 
 Leet, 155-156. 
 
 Letters Close, see Close Rolls. 
 
 Letters Patent, 20, note 1, 35, 61, 
 66, note 3, 136; of exemption, 
 34. See also Patent Rolls. 
 
 l.iher Intrationum, 177. 
 
 Liberate Rolls, 19*. 
 
 Liberties, 20-21, 37 et seq., 68. 
 See also Lords of franchises. 
 
 Local courts, procedure in, 68; 
 sources for, 161, note 3, 3*. 
 
 Local officials, 14, 16, 72. See also 
 Bailiffs, Constables, Senes¬ 
 chals and Tithingmen. 
 
 London, 33, 36, 52, 136-1 37 , i 55 ~ 
 156, 173 - 174 , 183. 
 
 Lords, 71, 73, 161, 176, 222-223; 
 of franchises, claim penalties 
 by charter and by grant, pt. 1, 
 ch. iii, s. 2, B; list of, 147-148, 
 I39*-I4i*; obtain special jus¬ 
 tices of labourers for a time, 
 32, 37-40,140-142; contribute to 
 salaries of justices of labourers, 
 45, 143. See also Jurisdiction, 
 conflict of. 
 
 Madox, quotation from, 139. 
 
 Maitland, quotations from, 158- 
 160, notes. 
 
 Manor, 20; court of the, 139, 157- 
 158, 161, note 3, 162 et seq., 
 205, 222. 
 
 Manual labourers, see Labourers, 
 Labouring classes and Em¬ 
 ployees. 
 
 Masters, see Employers. 
 
 Mayors, 33, 52, 161. 
 
 Memoranda Rolls, pt. i, ch. iii, 
 passim, 255*-256*. 
 
 Minors, 185-186. 
 
 Mittimus , writ of, 97, 240*. 
 
 Mobility of labourers, 74, 154-157, 
 160, 181, 222. See also Sum¬ 
 mer and winter clause. 
 
 Money penalties, 98, note 1; amerce¬ 
 ments, 85; damages, 85, 210 et 
 seq.; excess, 82-85; fines, 68-69, i 
 84-85, 210^^./distinction be¬ 
 tween fines and excess, 23, 86- 
 
 87, 103-105, 107, 144-147; ex¬ 
 cess to go to plaintiff if any 
 sue, 82-83; application of, to 
 subsidies, pt. i, ch. iii, s. 1, A 
 and B; belong normally to the 
 crown, subject to the claims of 
 the lords of franchises, pt. i, 
 ch. iii, s. 2, A and B; amount 
 of, imposed on individuals, 86, 
 210 et seq; total amount of, m- 
 114, pt. i, ch. iii, s. 1, B, c, 
 135, 147—148; salaries of justices 
 of labourers paid out of, 44, 
 112, 128, 132; arrears of, 109, 
 no, 116 et seq., 120, 125, 128, 
 133, 146; importance of, 36, 
 149. See also Estreats. 
 
 New Natura Brevium, see Fitz- 
 herbert. 
 
 Non-intromittant clause, 38-39. 
 
 Notice in contract cases, 196, 198- 
 199, 203-205. 
 
 Novce Narrationes, 167, 177. 
 
 Oaths, imposed on justices of the 
 peace and their clerks, pt. i, 
 ch. i, s. 5, 63, note 2, 65, note 
 5; on bailiffs, constables and 
 seneschals, 66, 73; on jurors, 
 67, 70; on labourers, 72, 73, 76. 
 
 Ordinance, of June, 1349 (first 
 ordinance of labourers), pro¬ 
 clamation of, 2, 36; supple¬ 
 mented by statute of labourers, 
 2, 13-14, 72; more important 
 than statute, 179; made a stat¬ 
 ute, 2, note 8; analysis of 
 clauses of, 71-72, 82, 154, 160- 
 161, 179-180; form of writs on, 
 174-175; main object of, 3-5; 
 result of, 149, Conclusion; sub¬ 
 stance of, enforced previous to 
 1349, 154 et seq.; of November, 
 1349 (second ordinance of la¬ 
 bourers), 82, 100-101, 104-106; 
 re-enacted by statute of labour¬ 
 ers, 105. 
 
 Originalia Rolls, 19*, 255*. 
 
 Outlawry, 69, 95, note 1, 166, note 
 2,176, 5*, I43*-I44*, 239*-240*. 
 
 Palatinates, see Chester, Durham 
 and Lancaster. 
 
 Parliament, see Commons and Pe¬ 
 titions. 
 
 Patent Rolls, 166, note 2, 19*, 143*, 
 255 *- 
 
INDEX 
 
 Peasants’ Revolt, 4, 190, note 6,224. 
 
 Penalties, nature of, pt. i, ch. ii, 
 s. 5. See also Imprisonment, 
 Stocks and Money penalties. 
 
 Petitions, 6*~7*; in parliament, 2, 
 5, is, note 5, 18-19, 23, 25-27, 
 40, 43, note 2, 44, 45, note 2, 
 46, 49-so, 52, 54, 58-59, 105, 
 107-109, 130, 136, 140, 180; 
 from abbot of Pippewell, 93; 
 from archbishop of Canterbury, 
 142; from Carthusians, 93, 147; 
 from communities, 100 et seq., 
 123 et seq.; from county of 
 Hereford, 29; of Lancaster, 29; 
 of Northampton, 125-126; of 
 Northumberland, 35; of Sur¬ 
 rey, 29; from lords of fran¬ 
 chises, 164, 216* et seq.; from 
 magnates of Warwick and Lei¬ 
 cester, 23-24, 146. 
 
 Petrushevsky, quotations from, 4, 
 note 2, 222, 223. 
 
 Pipe Rolls, 59, 135, 145 , 257*-258*. 
 
 Placita de Scaccario, 256*. 
 
 Plague, see Black Death. 
 
 Plaintiffs, 66, 70, 82-83, 180-182, 
 193, note 1, 213. 
 
 Plea Rolls, 167, 169-171, 213. See 
 also Coram Rege and De Banco 
 Rolls and Records. 
 
 Pledges, 68, 84-86. 
 
 Ploughmen, 80, 91, 182-183. 
 
 Presentments, see Juries and Con¬ 
 stables. 
 
 Price clause, 72, 73, 75-77, 82-84, 
 . 154 , 161, 174-175. 
 
 Prices, rise of, before Black Death, 
 87; after Black Death, 4-5, Si- 
 82, 87; sources for statistics of, 
 57, 88; specific instances of, 
 89-91; regulations of, previous 
 to 1349, 4-5, 155 et seq., 160; 
 by ordinance, 72; by statute, 
 73, by justices of labourers, 76; 
 effect of statutes on, 220-221. 
 
 Quarter sessions, pt. i, ch. ii; dates 
 of, 58; length of, 47-48, 58-59; 
 place of, 59-60; broken up by 
 violence, 93-94; records of, 57, 
 61, et seq.', conflict of jurisdic¬ 
 tion between, and old local 
 courts, 138-139, 153 - 154 , 164- 
 165; main work of, 77-79, 174, 
 179. 
 
 479 * 
 
 Reasonable price, 4, 88, 154, 219, 
 
 Rebate system, 118. 
 
 Records, general account of, 3*- 
 4 *; of actions in central courts, 
 167, 169 et seq., 187, 214. See 
 also Plea Rolls, Coram Rege 
 Rolls and De Banco Rolls. 
 
 Red Book of the Exchequer, 41 
 et seq. 
 
 Registrum Brevium , 167, 170, 174- 
 175 , 177 - 178 . 
 
 Reports, 167 et seq., 187. See also 
 Year Books. 
 
 Retention of another’s servant, 
 actions for, 74, 95, 158-160, 
 162, 175, 181, 197,206; form of 
 writ, 174-175, 177-178. See 
 also Contract clause, Defend¬ 
 ants and Employers. 
 
 Ridings, 37 et seq. 
 
 Rogers, quotations from, 4-5, 88. 
 
 Savine, quotations from, 165, note 
 3, 204, note 4, 205, note 1. 
 
 Security, 82-83. See also Pledges. 
 
 Seneschals, 66, 73, 94, 187. 
 
 Servants, wages of, 71 -73; ambig¬ 
 uity of term, 79-80: definition 
 of, 182-183. See also Em¬ 
 ployees, Household servants, 
 Agricultural labourers and Ar¬ 
 tisans. 
 
 Service by usual terms, 74, 191- 
 192; form of writ, 174-175. 
 
 Sheriffs, duties of, 12, note 4, 24, 
 
 33 , 36 , 39 , 42 , 44 , 52 - 54 , 61- 
 62, 66-69, 101, 105, 131, et seq., 
 144, 145, 161; delinquencies of, 
 116, 119, 137; Accounts of, 
 257*; States and Views of 
 Accounts of, 256*; Sheriff’s 
 Turn, 155. 
 
 Special justices of labourers, see 
 Lords of franchises. 
 
 Specialty, 15 7 et seq., 189-190, 195, 
 note 4. 
 
 Statham, 167. 
 
 Statutes, 7*-8*; 9 Edw. Ill, st. i, c. 
 5, 65, note 4: 25 Edw. Ill, st. 
 2, cc. i~7(Statute of Labourers), 
 enactment of, 2; supplements 
 first ordinance, 2, 13-14, 72; 
 less important than first ordin¬ 
 ance, 179; re-enacts second 
 ordinance, 105; analysis of 
 clauses of, 14, 58, 66, 72-73, 
 
480* 
 
 INDEX 
 
 82-83, 154; applies throughout 
 England, 36; form of writs on, 
 174-175; main object of, 3-5; 
 result of, 149, Conclusion; sub¬ 
 stance of, enforced previous to 
 1349, 154 et seq.’, st. 5, cc. 9 
 and 10, 15, note 5; st. 7, 27, 
 note 2, 108-109, and note 2: 
 27 Edw. Ill, st. 1, c. 3 (Stat¬ 
 ute of Victuallers), 27, 39, 
 note 3, 164: 28 Edw. Ill, c. 5, 
 15, note 5: 31 Edw. Ill, st. 1, 
 c. 6, 45, 143; c. 7, 137; c. 13, 
 131, note 2, 143: 35 Edw. Ill, 
 (34 Edw. Ill), cc. 1, 5, 6, 9, 
 10 and 11, 24-25, 52, note 1, 
 175, 176: 36 Edw. Ill, st. 1, c. 
 8, 189, note 1; c. 12, 58; c. 14, 
 119, 125-126: 42 Edw. Ill, c. 6, 
 25: 2 R. II, st. 1, c. 8, 2, note 
 8, 179: 12 R. II, c. 10, 28, note 
 3, 45, note 2, 48, note 1: 18 H. 
 VI, c. 11, 49, note 6: 5 Eliz., 
 c. 4, s. xxxi, 26, 36, note 3. 
 
 Stocks, 73, 77, 82, 83,180-181, 197. 
 
 Sub-collectors, 102-103, 113, 114, 
 119, 123, 130. 
 
 Sub-constables, 67. 
 
 Sub-sheriffs, 53, 137, note 6. 
 
 Subsidy, of 1348, grant of, 99, 100; 
 application of money penalties 
 to, pt. 1, ch. iii, s. 1, A: of 
 1352, grant of, 106-107; appli¬ 
 cation of money penalties to, 
 pt. 1, ch. iii, s. 1, B; see also 
 Collectors: of 1357, 131, 143. 
 
 Summer and winter clause, 72, 74, 
 156-157, 176, 177; form of writ 
 on, 174-175- 
 
 Supersedeas, writs of, 17, 24, 32, 
 69, 125, 133 , 137 , note 4, 
 
 Taxation, pressure of, 99, 106, 219- 
 220. 
 
 Taxes, see Subsidy and Taxation. 
 
 Taxpayers, complaints of, 98-99, 
 103, 120, 123, 126-128. See 
 also Petitions and Communi¬ 
 ties. 
 
 Tenth and fifteenth, see Subsidy. 
 
 Towns, 20-21, 37-39, 67, note 1, 
 139*. See also Boroughs. 
 
 Treasurer, 27, 33, 46, 64, 117 et 
 seq., 133, 134, 149, 215-216, 
 
 2 55*-256*. See also Exche¬ 
 quer. 
 
 Triennial grants, see Subsidy. 
 
 Trial juries, 69-70, 207; verdicts of, 
 70, 207, 210-213. 
 
 Vagrants, 3, note 1, 73-74, 181, 
 197-199, 204-206, 211-212, 222- 
 223. 
 
 Venire facias, writ of, 68, note 4. 
 
 Victuallers, 72-73, 75,80-81,90-91, 
 179, 183; statute of, see Stat¬ 
 utes. 
 
 Victuals, prices of, tit supra and 
 154 et seq., 161, 219. 
 
 Villeinage, see Villeins. 
 
 Villeins, 3-4, 71, 77-78, 95~96, 157 , 
 176, 181, 182, 184, 206, 222-223. 
 
 Vinogradoff, quotations from, 177, 
 note 6, 200-205 and notes. 
 
 Wages, rise of, before Black Death, 
 87, 219; after Black Death, 2, 
 4-5, 81-82, 87, 219-220; sources 
 for statistics of, 57, 88-89, 178, 
 note 3; specific instances of, 89- 
 91, 162, 178; regulations of, 
 previous to 1349, 4-5, 155 et 
 seq., 160; regulations of, by 
 ordinance, 3, 71-72; by statute, 
 
 3, 72-73; by justices of labour¬ 
 ers, 76; effect of statutes on, 
 220-221. 
 
 Wages clause, 71-73, 75 , 77 , 79 , 
 82-85, 154; form of writ, 174- 
 175; indirectly enforced through 
 contract clause, 178. 
 
 Wapentakes, 20-21, 37 et seq., 67, 
 note 1, 161, 139*. 
 
 Weights and measures, 15, and 
 note 5, 16, 25, 68, note 4, 71, 
 note 1. 
 
 Willard, 131, note 2, 313*. 
 
 Writs, of the great seal, see Letters 
 Patent, Letters Close and Ex¬ 
 chequer; of privy seal, 50, note 
 
 4, 142; on statutes of labourers, 
 174-175, 177, 178, 197, 208, 
 212. See also Attachment, 
 Capias , Certiorari, Distraint, 
 Mittimus, Supersedeas and 
 Venire facias. 
 
 Year Books, 167-169, 4*. See also 
 Reports. 
 
VITA 
 
 The author, Bertha Haven Putnam, was born in New 
 York, March i, 1872. In the autumn of 1889 she 
 entered Bryn Mawr College, where she received the de¬ 
 gree of A. B. in 1893. From 1893-95 taught Latin 
 in the Bryn Mawr School in Baltimore, and from 1895-97 
 in the Brearley School and in the Misses Eaton and 
 Wilson’s private classes in New York. 
 
 In 1895 she began her work as a graduate student and 
 candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy under 
 the Faculty of Political Science of Columbia University, 
 her major subject being Sociology and her minor sub¬ 
 jects Economics and European History. She took 
 courses with Professor F. H. Giddings, Professor E. R. 
 A. Seligman, Professor J. B. Clark, Professor H. R. 
 Seager and Professor H. L. Osgood, and she attended 
 the seminars of Professor Giddings. In June, 1903, she 
 passed her examinations in her major and minor subjects. 
 
 The spring and summer of 1905 she spent in London 
 in research work at the Public Record Office. In April, 
 1907, she defended her dissertation before the Faculty 
 of Political Science and passed her examinations in lan¬ 
 guages. 
 
 In the spring of 1908 she was appointed instructor in 
 History at Mount Holyoke College for the year 1908-09. 
 
 She has published in the English Historical Review for 
 July, 1906, an article entitled “The Justices of Labourers 
 in the Fourteenth Century.” 
 
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