i» **• J c h. fci S Cents Fortnightly, {i*oo per year The CATHOLIC MIND ' K' ■f * tj- Nos. 11-12 June 8-22,1911 Cardinal Gibbons’ Jubilee THE AMERICA PRESS 59 East 834 Street. New York City THE CATHOLIC HIND List or Axticucs Not Out or Print. -1903- THE LAWS OF PROSCRIPTION IN FRANCE. Ferdinand BruntiIrb, Editor of Dens Monies. THE HOLY SHROUD. Joseph Beaux, SJ. THE ATTITUDE OF MODERN PROTESTANTS TOWARDS THE VIRGINITY OF OUR BLESSED LADY. A. J. Maa«, S.J. 11. GALILEO GALILEI LINCEO. THE RELIGIOUS CONFLICT IN FRANCE. 14, 17, 18. THE REAL ST. FRANCIS OF ASSISI. Fx. Paschal Robinsox, O.F.M. THE END JUSTIFIES THE MEANS. Rt. Ret. Bishop Ludden, Johx Gerard, S.J., S. M. Bbaxdx, S.J. -1904—- No. ». SACRED MUSIC. Motu Protrio Pius X. Nos. 8, 4. STATISTICS OF THE LEADING RELIGIOUS DENOMINA¬ TIONS. H. A. Krose, SJ. No. 7. ST. GREGORY THE GREAT. Encyclical Letter of Pius X. Nos. 8, 8. THE RELIGIOUS CRISIS IN FRANCE. A. de Mux. No. 14. THE CONCORDAT OF 1901. D. M. O’Connor. No. 15. SUAREZ AND &EGICIDE. Nos. 17, 18. THE VATICAN WHITE BOOK. No. 24. THE CATHOLIC PROTECTORATE OF FRANCE IN THE EAST AND IN THE FAR EAST. -1905-- No. 1. THE CHURCH AND PHYSICIANS IN THE MIDDLE AGES. Michael J. A. McCaffery, LL.D. No. 8 . WHO STARTED THE SPY SYSTEM IN FRANCE? No. 18. A SINGLE CATECHISM: ITS ADVANTAGES AND DISADVAN¬ TAGES. Civilta Cottolica. No. 18. PUBLIC CONTROVERSIES ON RELIGIOUS MATTERS. Etudes. ——1906-- No. L THE FRENCH SEPARATION BILL. TEXT. No. 8. CATHOLICS AT THE NATIONAL UNIVERSITIES. 13 . SCIENCE AND RELIGION.. J. G. No. 15. I. OBJECT OF FEDERATION. Rt. Rev. J. F. Regis Caxbvix, D.D. II. DIVORCE. Hox. Daniel J. Kekefick. No. 17. HOLY COMMUNION IN THE EARLY CHURCH. Edward King, in the Month. No. 18. THE FRENCH ASSOCIATIONS OF WORSHIP AND THEIR SUBSTITUTES. No. 84. THE DELUSION OF CHRISTIAN SCIENCE. T. J. Campbell, S.J. -1907—— No. 1. LEGAL OPINIONS OF THE FRENCH SPOLIATION. No. 4. FERDINAND BRUNETIERE. Pierre Suau, S.J. No. 18. RECENT PAPAL DOCUMENTS. (Continued on the follemng Page.) Now 8. No. 4. Now 8. Nos. 18, No. 18. Nos. 18, No. 88. 1X^705- , Q- S£.3~ 3 fc, . » The Nation Honors His Eminence t The Nation Honors His Eminence Never before to a living prelate of any church has there been given in this country a civic demonstration such as that which Baltimore witnessed on June 6, in honor of James, Cardinal Gibbons, primate of the Cath¬ olic Church in America. The celebration was in honor of the fiftieth anniversary of his priesthood, and the twenty-fifth of his cardinalate. In the centre of a plat¬ form at the Fifth Regiment Armory sat the Cardinal, full of vigor, wearing the scarlet robes of a prince of the Catholic Church. At his right was the President of the United States, at his left the Vice-President. A few feet away was the only living ex-President of the nation; almost within reach of the hand were the Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, an ex-Speaker, the Ambas¬ sador of Great Britain, the Governor of Maryland and the Mayor of Baltimore. Behind rose tier after tier of seats filled with Cabinet officers, United States Senators, Congressmen, public officers and men of prominence in professional and commercial life. In front, filling the great hall and crowding the galleries, were close to 25,000 fellow citizens, nearly all of them standing. The gather¬ ing was the largest and the most notable that had ever assembled under one roof in the city of Baltimore. Ad¬ dresses were made by President Taft, Vice-President Sherman, former President Roosevelt, Senator Elihu Root of New York, Mr. James Bryce, the British Am¬ bassador, Speaker Clark, of the House of Representatives, 185 186 NATION HONORS HIS EMINENCE. former Speaker Cannon, Mayor Preston of Baltimore, and His Eminence, the Cardinal. Governor Crothers, of Maryland, was the presiding officer. Chief Justice White, of the United States Supreme Court, made a trip from New Orleans in order to attend the exercises. He did not speak, as it is not customary for the Chief Justice to address public meetings. A large number/of clergymen, representing every denomination in the city, were present, occupying a gallery specially reserved for them and filling it completely. No untoward incident occurred to interfere with the perfect success of the demonstration. Cardinal Gibbons was born in Baltimore, July 13, 1834; his ordination to the priesthood took place on June 7, 1886. The ecclesiastical celebration of these two events will be held later in the season. In the preparation for the civic demonstration religious lines were entirely effaced. John G. Murray, Bishop of the Episcopal Church of Maryland, acted as chairman of the reception committee. Rabbi William Rosenau headed the testimonial committee. The Rev. J. Ross Stevenson represented the Presbyterians on the State committee. President Taft’s Tribute The President’s speech at the armory was as follows: "Ladies and Gentlemen: “This assembly, I venture to say, can find few counter¬ parts in history. We are met as American citizens to congratulate the American primate of one of the great NATION HONORS HIS EMINENCE. 187 churches of the world upon the twenty-fifth anniversary of his accession to the highest office in his church but one, and upon the fiftieth anniversary of his entering the church as one of its priests. “We are not here as members of any denomination. We are not here in any official capacity, but we are here to recognize and honor in him his high virtues as a patri¬ otic member of our political community and one who, through his long and useful life, has spared no efforts in the cause of good citizenship and the uplifting of his fellow-men. “As American citizens we are proud that his promi¬ nence in the church brought him twenty-five years ago the rank of cardinal. The rarity with which this rank is conferred in his church upon bishops and priests so far from Rome is an indication of the position which he had won among his fellow-churchmen. But what we are especially delighted to see confirmed in him and his life is the entire consistency which he has demonstrated between earnest and single-minded patriotism and love of country on the one hand and sincere devotion to his church upon the other. “One of the tenets of his church is respect for consti¬ tuted authority, and always have we found him on the side of law and order, always in favor of peace and good will to all men, always in favor of religious toler¬ ance, and always strong in the conviction that complete freedom in the matter of religion is the best condition under which churches may thrive. With pardonable pride he points to the fact that Maryland under Catholic control was among the first to give complete religious toleration. 188 NATION HONORS HIS EMINENCE. “Nothing could more clearly show the character of the man whose jubilee we celebrate than the living testi¬ monial that this assembly is to his value as a neighbor in the community of Baltimore. If you would find what a man is, go to his home and his neighbors, and there, if everything that he does and says rings true and shows his heart-whole interest in the welfare of men and women and children near about him, you have the strong¬ est proof of his virtues as a lover of mankind. “Born in Baltimore, educated in Ireland, made a priest in Maryland, a curate in North Carolina, a bishop in Richmond, a coadjutor in Baltimore, Archbishop of Bal¬ timore and successor of Archbishop Carroll and Arch¬ bishop Kenrick in the primatial see of this country, he was called to the high position of Cardinal June 7, 1886, by Leo XIII. “In spite of the burden and responsibilities of his high position in the church, he has taken part in the many great movements for the betterment of mankind, and has shown himself not only a good Catholic in the church sense, but he has been broadly catholic in the secular sense of that word, so that the affection felt for him by his co-religionists has spread to all denominations and to all the people who are quick to percefve a disinterested friend. “That he may long continue active in his present high position, that he may long continue in secular movements to take the prominent place he has always had in works of usefulness, is the fervent prayer of Catholic and Prot¬ estant, of Jew and Christian/’ NATION HONORS HIS EMINENCE. 189 Vice-President Sherman on Behalf of the Senate Vice-President Janies S. Sherman in his address said: “ Governor, Your Eminence, Mr. President and Mr. For¬ mer President, Lawmakers, Ambassadors and Citi¬ zens: *T am here to speak, as its presiding officer, for the greatest legislative body in the world. Speaking for them, your Eminence, I felicitate you upon this day and this occasion, and offer to you our loving respect and our heartfelt good will. “It seems to me fitting that I, as the second highest officer under the Government to which, sir, for a long time you have rendered civic allegiance, should speak to you, who are the second highest officer in that church which your sanctified life has ennobled in the minds of all men. It is a matter of congratulation from us all to you that now you bear the weight of nearly four-score years, testifying by your hale and painless body to the life of morality and Christianity which you have lived; the sanctity of your life, sir, has that brilliant glow that predicts a beautiful day upon the morrow, that endless day, sir, we love to know shall be yours when your eve¬ ning shades are drawn, and may that time be far distant. “We love to know that while you walk the Elysian fields beyond the river, your companions there will be increased and multiplied because of the example of your pure, your lofty life, because of the example you have set to all men, the lowly citizen, the Christian, the man whose life has been sanctified and given to the better things of the world beyond .” 190 NATION HONORS HIS EMINENCE. Ex-President Roosevelt—The Cardinal's Life a Model The Hon. Theodore Roosevelt spoke as follows: “Your Eminence, Governor, Mr. President, and You Men and Women of Maryland: “My fellow Americans, it is indeed a pleasure to be here this afternoon. And, Governor, not only is this gathering characteristic of Maryland, but it is character¬ istic of our great Union, it is characteristic of America, because here in this republic, with all of our faults and shortcomings—and we have plenty—it is nevertheless true that we have come nearer than any other nation to solving the difficult problem of combining complete religious liberty and toleration with a devoutly religious feeling in the people as a whole. . . . “Friends, we read now and then prophecies of woe about the churches in the future, complaints as to con¬ gregations growing smaller, complaints as to lack of belief among the congregations. There will be no trouble about the future of any American church if that church makes as its cardinal principle the rendering of service to the people. “No church in the United States will ever have to defend itself as long as those standing highest in that church, as well as those under them, serve the people, devote their lives to the service of the men and women round about them, as you, Cardinal Gibbons, have de¬ voted your life to the service of your fellow-country¬ men and countrywomen. . . . “If the church renders good service and if the man NATION HONORS HIS EMINENCE. 191 rings true when we apply the touchstone of principle to his conduct and his character, then the American people will be well content with both church and man. And my fellow-countrymen, in spite of all the little things that divide us, think how blessed we are because we are united on an occasion like this, without regard to past history and antecedents, without regard to differ¬ ences of religious or political belief, to honor a good man, who in and through his church and as a citizen of this country has lived the life that a good man should. . . . “And, friends, religious intolerance and bitterness are bad enough in any country, but they are inexcusable in ours. Our republic, mighty in its youth, destined to endure for ages, will see many Presidents during those ages, and it will see Presidents who are Catholics as well as Presidents who are Protestants—if we live long enough, Presidents who are Jews, as well as Presidents who are Gentiles. . . . “The Cardinal has throughout his life devoted himself to the service of the American people. He has endeav¬ ored to work and he has worked steadily in the uplift¬ ing of the lowly; he has worked steadily to bring nearer the day when we should approximate better to the rule of justice and fair dealing as between man and man. His voice has ever been raised on behalf of the weak and the downtrodden; his hand ever stretched out toward those who may have slipped, toward all who are in suffer¬ ing, who have suffered loss or were suffering pain. “He has fought for the rights of the lowly, he has done all that he might to bring nearer the day when there should be a more complete reign of justice in this 192 NATION HONORS HIS EMINENCE. land, and he has shown by his life his realization of the truth that justice can come only through law and order; that disorder and lawlessness are the negation of justice and in the end deal most severely against the poor and the lowly. He has set an example to all of us in public and in private life, both by that for which he has striven and in the way in which he has striven to achieve it. . . . “I am honored—we are all honored—that the oppor¬ tunity has come to-day to pay a tribute to what is high¬ est and best in American citizenship when we meet to celebrate this occasion—Cardinal Gibbons.” U. S. Senator Root, Former Secretary of State— The Catholic Church a Bulwark Against Anarchy—The Cardinal a Model for American Youth. Senator Elihu Root, of New York, spoke as follows: “Mr. Chairman, Mr. President, Your Eminence, Ladies and Gentlemen: “It is a privilege to be permitted to add a few words to the tribute which Baltimore and Maryland and the country are paying to Cardinal Gibbons to-day. Words, however eloquent, are but feeble in expressing the mean¬ ing of such an assemblage as this. The fact that not only the friends and neighbors of Baltimore are gathered here, but that these representatives of all parts of our country, many of them—a large part of them—of differ¬ ent religious beliefs, many of them representing com¬ munities widely differing in their religious faith, have come to join in this expression of respect and reverence NATION HONORS HIS EMINENCE. 193 for the great prelate, shows more than words can show the deep significance of this occasion. “Your Eminence, and my friends of Baltimore, the gathering here means more than personal opinion or feel¬ ing that America can do what was impossible in lands less free and ages less trained in humanity. It means that our American doctrine of separation of church and States does not involve the separation of the people of America from religious belief. It means that our Amer¬ ican doctrine of religious toleration does not mean in¬ difference to religious faith. It means that with all our commercialism, with all our wonderful progress in the power to produce wealth, in all our differences between ourselves as to the possession and distribution of wealth, the people of America believe in ideals and feel the guidance of faith in things higher than their material possessions. “It is because Cardinal Gibbons in his right con¬ duct, in his arduous labors, in his self-devotion to all good causes, has illustrated all that we would like to have our children admire and follow, all that we love to believe our country possesses, that America, through us, with sincerity and ardor, honors him to-day. And it is because he has been the champion of ideals, because he is a man not only of work but of faith, that we who differ from him in dogma, who do not belong to his church, hold him in his proper person illus¬ trating the true union of service to State and service to God, the true union which makes the functional and cere¬ monial union of church and state unnecessary, the union in the heart of man of devotion to country and devotion to God. 194 NATION HONORS HIS EMINENCE. — ■ - - “It is because he is both a great prelate and a great citizen, because under his guidance his church, his people and his followers have always stood, and now stand, a bulwark against atheism and anarchy, against the tearing down of those principles of morality and of government upon which the opportunities of our country depend.” James Bryce, Ambassador from Great Britain, Thrilled by Sight of Representatives of Vast Nation Meeting to Honor Distinguished Churchman Mr. Bryce said: “Your Eminence, Mr. President, Mr. Governor, Gentle¬ men, Citizens of Baltimore and Maryland, Ladies: “I had not the slightest idea, ladies and gentlemen, until this very moment, when your Governor called upon me, that I was expected to say a single word to this assembly, and nothing that I can say can add anything to what has been said already by the distinguished men who have addressed you. “But perhaps I am called upon in order that an echo of those words may reach you from the other side of the Atlantic, and that what has been said so worthily with regard to the merits and virtues of the illustrious prelate whom we are met to honor should be said by a European, who comes from the country from which the ancestors of His Eminence came here. “You may be sure that among the people of England, and especially among the Catholics of England and Ire¬ land and Scotland—I might especially single out Ireland NATION HONORS HIS EMINENCE. 195 —there is the warmest sympathy with the honor which you are paying to-day to one of your most illustrious churchmen and citizens. “There are two thoughts which occur to me. One of them that it is a beautiful and inspiring sight when a vast community, when the representatives of a vast na¬ tion, come together to pay honor to one who has lived in the sight of his countrymen in the full blaze of pub¬ licity, in the discharge of honorable, difficult and labor¬ ious functions, a life free from spot and blame, a life which is honorable alike to his country and to himself. “May I extend to you, Your Eminence, my most sin¬ cere congratulations upon this happy day, my congratu¬ lations on the respect and tribute of affection which is paid to you by all of your fellow-citizens and the regard they entertain of your splendid services to the church and to the Commonwealth ? “And the other thought that comes to me is this: Is it not a beautiful sight when we think of those ages of the past in which those of us who do not belong to the church which his Eminence represents, and those of us who do belong to that church, were divided by bitter an¬ tagonisms and mutual suspicions—is it not a blessed thing that to-day we can all meet without distinction of religious faith to pay honor to one who illustrates the fundamental principles of Christianity by his life as well as by his teachings? “There are diversities of governments, but the same spirit, and in his Eminence and in his life there is drawn out a beautiful model and example of those virtues which belong to our common Christianity and which we can all honor alike. 196 NATION HONORS HIS EMINENCE. “And I may say to you, citizens of the United States, that if there is anything which we in Europe specially honor and admire in the great republic which belongs to you, it is this—that you have carried out consistently from the first that admirable principle with which you started, of making no distinction of religion and by teach¬ ing all men that their Christianity is a part of common citizenship. That is a great lesson which has been taught to the world by America, and I do not think it could be taught in a more impressive form or shape than it is taught when all religious faiths may gather to honor an illustrious prelate of the Catholic Church:” ;■ Speaker Clark The Hon. Champ Clark, speaker of the House of Rep¬ resentatives, said in part: “I cannot hope to pay a higher compliment to the distinguished man whom we honor on this occasion than has been paid by the President, the ex-President, the Vice-President, the Ambassador from Great Britain and the Senator from New York. “Fifty years in the life of an individual are the major portion of it, nearly the entire portion. Very few men of this life are so happy as to pursue one profession or business or vocation to the entire course of a half-cen¬ tury. James Cardinal Gibbons, whom we have met here to-day to congratulate and to honor, is one of the rare men who have accomplished that feat. No man ever served as long in either branch of Congress or in both branches put together as Cardinal Gibbons has served NATION HONORS HIS EMINENCE. 197 in the priesthood of his church. No man of the Supreme Bench of the United States has served as a judge as long as Cardinal Gibbons has served as a priest of his church. “Only one United States judge in the country has lived as many years as has Cardinal Gibbons. Only one of¬ ficer in the navy of the United States has served as long as Cardinal Gibbons has served his church. No officer in the army of the United States has served so long. . . . “Cardinal Gibbons is a great prelate in the Roman Catholic Church. Fifteen millions of his churchmen live in the United States, but that is not the reason chiefly why he is regarded as one of the great citizens of the republic. It is because he has lived a Godly life, that he has been a potent influence for good all through the borders of this republic among both Catholics and Re¬ publicans.” Mr. Clark here saw that he had been guilty of a slip of the tongue in saying “Catholics and Republicans,” and hastened to explain. Continuing, he said: “Cardinal Gibbons stands here to-day honored by the entire American people, without respect to politics or re¬ ligion or geographical lines. Among the men that have met here to do him honor, I live farther from this town than any other man here except the Ambassador from Great Britain; and the Cardinal’s words are quoted as often, his influence is as great, the affection for him is as strong, west of the great river as it is in the city of Baltimore. And it might add to the enjoyment of this occasion to say to your Eminence from the bottom of my heart I wish you peace, plenty, prosperity, happiness and length of days.” 198 NATION HONORS HIS EMINENCE. Ex-Speaker Cannon Lauds the Churchman and Citizen Congressman Joseph G. Cannon, former Speaker of the House, in paying tribute to Cardinal Gibbons, said: “Holding you in that high esteem which I think is shared by all your fellow-citizens who are familiar with your exalted character as churchman and citizen, I am glad to be in Baltimore to-day to extend to you in per¬ son my congratulations on your fiftieth anniversary as priest and your twenty-fifth anniversary as Cardinal. “During the long period of your priesthood and car- dinalate the world, and particularly our own country, has made great strides in development and material improve¬ ment, and I may say that in my opinion religion and morality have led in the general progress. “In spite of the chronicles of crime with which we are regaled each morning at the breakfast table and which appear to be more numerous than formerly because of increase in population, wider publicity and more material means of communication, I believe that the normal life of the nation, about which we read so little because it is devoid of the sensational and spectacular, is on a higher plane, and individual honesty and clean living are exem¬ plified to a greater extent to-day than ever before. “In bringing about this result you have contributed your full share. As churchman and citizen you have been one of the most potent factors in advancing the cause of good government and in promoting morality and adherence to high ideals, and you have carried the respect and regard of your fellow-man, irrespective of religious belief. NATION HONORS HIS EMINENCE. 199 “So I tender to you my hearty congratulations and express the sincere wish that there may be unfolded be¬ fore you many more years of wise leadership and use¬ fulness. . . . We boast and are proud of the fact that our civilization in America, and I may say in what we call the civilized world, rests upon the teachings of the Master, and as the world grows older, under those teachings proscription and persecution disappear. In the United States no man lives that has led in doing more to bring men together under the influence of a broad catholic spirit in religion, in politics, than yourself. “As a member of no church organization, one of the outsiders, so far as church membership is concerned, I tender to you my thanks for the great work that you have led in doing and for the great work that is being done, not only in the great republic, but in all the world, by those who by precept and example live under and teach under, with a broad catholic spirit, the precepts of the Master.” Governor Crothers’ Welcome Introduced by Mr. Murray Vandiver, chairman of the executive committee, Governor Crothers, as presiding of¬ ficer at the celebration, said: “Ladies and Gentlemen: “I desire to extend, on behalf of the people of this Commonwealth, a most cordial welcome to the distin¬ guished visitors and guests who have honored us by their presence and by their participation in these cere¬ monies. “This occasion is typically representative of the State 200 NATION HONORS HIS EMINENCE. of Maryland. It is a gathering embracing all religious denominations and sects, without distinction or excep¬ tion, assembled to do honor to a great standard-bearer of religion, who represents the highest purposes of church, state and society. I think I may be pardoned when I venture the thought that the metropolis of Maryland is peculiarly appropriate for the just and gratifying cele¬ bration which brings us here to-day. “While we have assembled to honor, as with one heart, a distinguished ecclesiastic, an incomparable citizen and a great and good man, the occasion is, in my mind, still more significant as a spontaneous union of men and women holding every religious and political opinion to tender the token of their esteem and affection to the head in America of a great church, which has now endured almost two thousand years, and whose influence is as wide as civilization itself. “This is indeed an event illustrative of the oldest and best traditions of this State. Maryland was founded and was the first organized political society in the world founded upon the distinct, unqualified principle of re¬ ligious liberty and .toleration. “It was contemporaneous with the landing of the Ark and Dove at the village of St. Mary’s that liberty of conscience and freedom of worship were planted as the very germ and seed of the State. This celebration is the latest fruition of that seed, and the true spirit of the people of Maryland could find no finer or more fit ex¬ pression than in this union of all denominations and re¬ ligions to do honor to the great Cardinal whose person¬ ality, attainments and career have brought such splendid illustration and deserved renown in this State. . . . NATION HONORS HIS EMINENCE. 201 “We salute you, your Eminence, Cardinal Gibbons, as a torch-bearer in our midst of religion, justice and patriotism. We acknowledge and celebrate before the country and the world your lofty devotion to religious faith and purposes, your unfailing and ceaseless activities in behalf of this State and Union and of all the spiritual and material interests, your encouragement and help in all good aspirations, your wise and beneficent counsels in times of difficulty and doubt, your elevating influence upon all the movements and concerns of this, your own native land. “I may add that it is no small part of the great ser¬ vices which you have rendered the people of Maryland that you have maintained under all circumstances the original principle implanted here by the Calverts of justice, benevolence and toleration to all of her citizens. . . . “We of Maryland may well congratulate you most heartily upon this day, the advent of the fiftieth anni¬ versary of your ordination in the priesthood, and of the completion of the twenty-fifth year of your cardinalate. “The State of Maryland tenders you its warmest and deepest felicitations and most earnestly wishes you many more years of life and happiness, and with these senti¬ ments it mingles the united prayer of its whole people, that a kind Providence may spare and guide you to con¬ tinue your career of noble and useful works as honored, loved and venerated leader in their midst.” Mayor Preston—In the Name of Baltimore. Mayor Preston’s speech at the reception to the Cardi¬ nal was as follows: 202 NATION HONORS HIS EMINENCE. “In the name of the city and on behalf of the people of Baltimore it is my great pleasure to welcome the dis¬ tinguished visitors who honor us with their presence upon this occasion. “The President of the United States has laid aside the cares of his exalted station; the Chief Justice of the greatest court on earth has taken time from the duties of his high position; the distinguished ex-President of our country has interrupted his busy life, and with many other distinguished visitors and this vast concourse of the people of Maryland have met to do honor to an illustrious citizen and eminent churchman, James Cardi¬ nal Gibbons. “The occasion of this splendid tribute is the fiftieth anniversary of his labors as a priest and the twenty- fifth anniversary of his elevation to the office of cardinal. The greatest significance of this tribute lies, not in the numbers assembled nor in the fact that the gathering comprises men of the highest rank, but in the fact that it comprises men of all parties and of all branches of the Christian faith. “That zealous Protestants should be among the leaders in this movement to honor a prince of the Catholic Church is not entirely explained by the exalted character and useful life of Cardinal Gibbons, but indicates the growth of the spirit of peace and brotherly love between the various denominations which foretells, perhaps, the coming of the day when all Christians may meet upon some common ground and there shall be ‘one Lord, one faith, one baptism.’ “As a member of the College of Cardinals, the man NATION HONORS HIS EMINENCE. 203 whom we delight to honor, occupies an exalted position in his church, next in station to the Pope. Being the only cardinal in the United States, he outranks, per¬ haps, all the cardinals in the extent of territory and the number of Catholics within his jurisdiction. “His rank, therefore, deserves our respect, but if he had not been created a cardinal, if he were still a priest, he would yet be entitled to this honor as a tribute to fifty years of useful and distinguished services to humanity: ministering to the sick, lifting the fallen, comforting those who mourn, reproving evil and preaching righteousness and powerfully expounding and defend¬ ing the doctrines of his church by sermons, interviews, treatises and in his famous book ‘The Faith of Our Fathers.’ As citizen, as preacher, minister and author his life has been one of such usefulness and distinction as makes him one of the foremost citizens of our country. “As Baltimoreans we are proud that the man who is thus honored and entitled to be honored is a citizen and resident of our city. In the name of our city and of this vast assemblage of distinguished guests and home peo¬ ple I respectfully felicitate Cardinal Gibbons upon this recognition by his fellow-citizens of his life and labors, and I desire again to express the appreciation of the people of this city for the presence of the eminent guests who are assisting us in doing this honor to this great citizen of Baltimore.” 204 NATION HONORS HIS EMINENCE. His Eminence, James Cardinal Gibbons. Cardinal Gibbons’ address was as follows: “Mr. President , Mr. Chairman , Ladies and Gentlemen: “I am filled with emotions of gratitude by this extraor¬ dinary manifestation on the part of my fellow-citizens, without distinction of race or religion or condition of life, and I am overwhelmed with confusion by the un¬ merited encomiums which have been pronounced by the President of the United States, the Vice-President, the former President, the British Ambassador, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, Senator Root, the Governor of Maryland and the Mayor of Baltimore. “Gentlemen, you have portrayed your subject not, I fear, as he is, but as he should be. But your portrait is so attractive that it shall be my endeavor to resemble it more and more every day of the few years that re¬ main to me. One merit only can I truly claim regard¬ ing my civic life, and that is, an ardent love for my native country and her political institutions. Ever since I entered the sacred ministry my aim has been to make those over whom I exerted any influence, not only more upright Christians, but also more loyal citizens. For the most faithful Christian makes the best citizen. “I consider the Republic of the United States one of the most precious heirlooms ever bestowed on mankind down the ages, and that it is the duty and should be the delight of every citizen to strengthen and perpetuate our Government by the observance of its laws and by the integrity of his private life. ‘Righteousness,’ says NATION HONORS HIS EMINENCE. 205 the Book of Proverbs, ‘exalteth a nation, but sin is a reproach to the people.’ “If our Government is destined to be enduring it must rest on the eternal principles of justice, truth and righteousness, and these principles must have for their sanction the recognition of a Supreme Being, who created all things by His power, who governs them by His wisdom and whose superintending Providence watches over the affairs of nations and of men. “When the framers of our immortal Constitution were in session, Benjamin Franklin complained to his colleagues of the small progress they had made after several weeks of deliberation. He used these memorable words: ‘We have spent many days in fruitless discus¬ sion. We have been groping in the dark because we have not sought light from the Father of Light to illumine our understanding. I have lived,’ he continued, ‘for many years, and the longer I live the more con¬ vincing proofs I have that God governs the affairs of men. And if a sparrow cannot fall to the ground with¬ out His notice, is it probable that an empire can rise without His aid and co-operation? We are told in the same sacred writings that unless the Lord build the house, he laboreth in vain who buildeth it.’ “Thank God, the words of Franklin did not fall on barren soil. They have borne fruit. Our Governtnent from its dawn to the present time has been guided by Christian ideals. It has recognized the existence of a superintending Providence. This is evident from the fact that our Presidents, from George Washington to William Howard Taft, have almost invariably invoked the aid of our heavenly Father in their inaugural proc- 206 NATION HONORS HIS EMINENCE. lamations. Both Houses of Congress are opened with prayer. The Christian Sabbath is recognized and ob¬ served throughout the land. The President of the United States issues an annual proclamation, inviting his fellow-citizens to assemble in their respective houses of worship and thank the Almighty for the blessings vouchsafed to us as a nation. “It is true, indeed, that there is no official union of church and state in this country. But we must not infer from this that there is any antagonism between the civil and religious authorities. Far from it, church and state move on parallel lines. They mutually assist one another. The state holds over the spiritual rulers the segis of its protection without interfering with the sacred and God-given rights of conscience. And the church on her part helps to enforce the civil laws by moral and religious sanction. “I fear that we do not fully realize and are not duly grateful for the anxious cares by which our Chief Magistrate and the heads of the co-ordinate branches of the Government are preoccupied in the discharge of their official duties. And these cares are the price which is paid for our domestic peace and comfort and the tran¬ quillity of the commonwealth. When the traveler in mid- ocean is buffeted by the waves he feels a sense of security, because he knows that the captain and his officers are at the post of duty. So do we securely rest on our pillows, because we are conscious that our great captain and his associates in office are diligently steering the Ship of State. “It is the duty of us all, churchmen and laymen, to hold up the hands of our President, as Aaron and Hur N NATION HONORS HIS EMINENCE. 207 stayed up the hands of Moses. Let us remember that our Chief Executive and all subordinate magistrates are the accredited agents and ministers of God, and are clothed with divine authority, and therefore it is our duty and should be our delight to aid them by every means in our power in guiding and controlling the des¬ tiny of our glorious republic/’ Editorial Comments. {From'the New York World). “More than to the great prelate, the civic celebration at Baltimore in honor of Cardinal Gibbons was a tribute to the great citizen. In the quarter of a century since he was raised to the cardinalate, by force of personal character and individual powers of leadership he has exercised an influence far wider than his exalted reli¬ gious office of itself would command. Without ever ceasing to be the churchman, his life has been dominated by a broad Americanism. “The moral influence of one such man upon his times is never to be measured. It is brought into play in so many ways and on so many occasions that it is rarely perceptible as a separate force. “In speaking of Cardinal Gibbons as a great citizen and patriot it is not necessary to identify his name with some one of the reforms or principles he has upheld. Of these there are many, but the debt that the country owes him is that in a vigorous, yet tolerant way, he has 208 NATION HONORS HIS EMINENCE. insisted upon the duties of citizenshp as the paramount obligation of all alike, and has made the moral ideas of the church coincide with the practical ends of democratic government.” {From the Boston Journal). “To-day’s tribute to Cardinal Gibbons is to be as broad as the country itself, and as democratic and diver¬ sified. For it is to be a testimonial to a man who since his ordination as a priest, fifty years ago, and especially since his elevation to the only cardinalate of which the United States at present can boast, has been an example of duty zealously, ably and unselfishly done on behalf of his fellow-men. Honors fall upon men like the American cardinal, not accidentally, but by reason of that sterling power which, whatever the walk of life may be, makes itself felt above and beyond all mean and unworthy influences. Such a power is the outward sign of inward grace. It would have remained with the accomplished priest even if he had never been raised to the highest office within the gift of the Vatican; but naturally in the Cardinal it is more influential than it would ordinarily be in the priest. “Cardinal Gibbons is a power for good in the nation, and therefore it is only right that the President and other national representatives should meet to testify to the immense value of his services as a champion of everything that makes for domestic virtue and civic righteousness.” NATION HONORS HIS EMINENCE. 209 {From the Baltimore Sun). “The President of the United States, the only living ex-President, many members of Congress, officials of the State and city, bishops and the clergy of other denominations—men of every class, profession, trade and creed—joined yesterday in the public expression of their esteem for Cardinal Gibbons as a Baltimorean, a Marylander and an American. Such a tribute is as rare as it impressive, and it could be called forth only by one whose life and energies have been devoted to the cause of humanity. Though he has been ever loyal to his church and its institutions and has furthered its interests continually, the Cardinal’s influence for good has been exercised in a much wider field. He has been devoted to his home city and his State. He has taken a deep personal interest in the affairs of the nation, has upheld its institutions, has been foremost in movements for civic and social improvement, ever ready to de¬ nounce the wrong and uphold the right—a model citizen and great American. “His broad-minded charity, that embraces men of every faith and calling; his recognition of the prin¬ ciple of religious liberty that is the protection of all churches in our country and his wise counsel have been of incalculable value. Though conservative and cau¬ tious, he has been at the same time distinctively pro¬ gressive. Even into the evening of life he retains the freshness of interest, the open view of a man in the flush of youth. The years have passed lightly over his head, and his mind is as active and alert as it was a quarter of a century ago, when the Pope recognized 210 NATION HONORS HIS EMINENCE. his extraordinary ability and conferred upon him the red hat of the cardinal. “The great meeting at the Fifth Regiment Armory, embracing hundreds of eminent men and women from other cities and States and thousands of Baltimoreans, was the sincere expression of the esteem which his fellow-citizens feel for the Cardinal as an American. He received this tribute in the same spirit in which it was- tendered, with sincere appreciation and a simple response that came from the heart. As the Boston Journal remarks, Boston, Philadelphia, Chicago, San Francisco, St. Louis—every city would like to tender him a tribute if his strength and time would permit, as all hold him in affectionate regard. So that the meeting in Baltimore voiced the appreciation of his life and services that the whole country feels and delights to express.” 1908 No. 4 . No. 7. No. 8. Nos. *, No. 11. No. 19. No. 18. No. 14. No. 10. No. 18. No. 17. No. It. No. 19. No. 20. No. 21. No. 29. No. 94. No. 1. No. 9. No. 3. Nos. 4, No. 8. No. 9. No. 10. Nos. 11, Nos. 15, No. 21. No. 24. No. 1. No. 9 . No. 8 . Nos. 4, i Nos. 11, Nos. 14. No. 16. No. 17. No. 18. No. 19. Nos. 20, No. 22. No. 94 . No. 2. No. 3. Nos. 4-1 No. 6. No. 7 . No. 8 . Nos. 9 , J. Girard, S.J. A PRIMARY CIVIC DUTY. SCIENCE AND HER COUNTERFEIT. UNIVERSITY EDUCATION IN IRELAND. 10. PLAIN WORDS ON SOCIALISM, I, II. C. S. Divas, M.A. CATHOLICS AND THE SOCIAL MOVEMENT. Right Rev. Mgr. Parkinson, D.D. MAKING OF A SAINT. Catholic Truth Society, Scotland. MR. BIRRELL’S UNIVERSITY BILL. STATUS AND PROPERTY RIGHTS OF THE ROMAN CATHODIC CHURCH. APOSTOLIC CONSTITUTION ON THE ROMAN CURIA. THE ROMAN COURTS. THE CHURCH THE SAFEGUARD OF THE REPUBLIC. Most Rrv. William O’Connell, D.D. EXHORTATION OF PIUS X TO THE CATHOLIC CLERGY. THE GENIUS OF CARDINAL WISEMAN. Wilfrid Ward. THE MASS AND THE REFORMATION. J. Canon Moyis. CHRISTIAN KNIGHTHOOD. Joseph G. 'Anderson. REVISING THE VULGATE. F. A. Gasquet, Abbot, O.S.B. CRUSADE AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS. Lawrence F. Flick, M.D. 1909 LORD KELVIN AND THE EXISTENCE OF GOD. H. V. Gill, S.J. PRIMARY EDUCATION IN FRANCE. J. E. N. PSYCHOTHERAPY. James J. Walsh, M.D., LL.D. 6. SOCIALISM AND CHRISTIANITY, I, II. Rev. J. F. Hogan, D.D. DARWINISM FIFTY YEARS AFTER. G. Bonetti, S.J. CATHOLIC FEDERATION OF LONDON. Hon. Charles Russell. THE SALFORD DIOCESAN CATHOLIC FEDERATION. The Month, May, *09. IS, IS, 14. CALVIN’S CONVERSION. I, II, III, IV. Paul Bernard, in Etudes . SOCIALISTS AND CATHOLICS. SERMON ON CARDINAL NEWMAN Alfred Baudrillart. Etienne Lamy Joseph Rickaby, S.J. 1910 THE FRENCH BISHOPS AND THE EDUCATION PROBLEM. Chambrun. ETERNAL PUNISHMENT. George R. Roche, S.J. THE SONS OF ST. FRANCIS. Herbert Thurston, S.J. i, 6, 7, 8. CATHOLIC MISSIONS, I, II, III, IV, V. Hilari6k Gil. IS, IS. CALLISTUS III AND HALLEY’S COMET. I, II, III. 15. ST. CHARLES BORROMEO ENCYCLICAL. THE PASTOR AND EDUCATION. HOLY COMMUNION FOR CHILDREN. THE XXI EUCHARISTIC CONGRESS. Edward Spillanb, S.J. THE HOLY EUCHARIST IN EARLY CANADA. T. J. Campbell, S.J. 21. PIUS X ON RECENT MANIFESTATIONS OF MODERNISM. REMOVAL OF PARISH PRIESTS. MAYOR NATHAN AND THE POPE. - 1911 - PORTUGUESE REVOLUTION. Dublin Review, Jan., 1911. SOME CAUSES OF THE PORTUGUESE REVOLUTION. Francis McCullagh. 5. SPAIN AS SHE IS. Catholic Ferold, India. SOCIALISM IN THE SCHOOLS. Bird S. Coler. CONDEMNATION OF MODERNISM. Right Rev. B. J. Keiley. ONE HUNDRED BEST CATHOLIC BOOKS. 10. THE CHILD IN THE HOME AND THE SCHOOL. Henry William, Bishop of Auckland. Date n* BOSTON COLLEGE 3 9031 01 379167 8 The CATHOLIC MIND A periodical published on the eighth and twenty- second of the month. 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