Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016 with funding from Boston Library Consortium Member Libraries https://archive.org/details/howtoseebqstonOOking I /I trustworthy- guide BOOK:, aSO-lLbUSTRATlONS-MAPS-AND-PbANS'- j cniTcr* AKir\ miai i<:uc.rk qv • COPYRIGHT, 1895, BY MOSES KING. ^ iTON cclleg: aoo6 REDUCED FROM A LARGE STEEi SUGGESTIONS TO VISITORS. HE VISITOR who neglects the great retail and wholesale establishments, the extensive industries, the financial and other institutions, because they are places of business, misses the most edifying and interesting sights of a metropolis. In these may be seen so much of what makes up the world of to-day that they present an equal claim for observation with public institutions, parks, statues, landmarks, and other histor- ical and descriptive matters. To make clear this point, no visitor should fail to see Macullar, Parker & Company’s establishment, where more than six hundred people are employed in workshops which are models for all the world ; the enormous plant of the Waltham Watch Company, which contains an infinite variety of the most ingenious machinery, producing the most infinitesimally per- fect particles of mechanism ; the great storehouse of Jones, McDuffee & Stratton, which is a veritable museum of the fine arts of many countries ; the huge manufactory of Chickering & Sons, the oldest and most famous of American piano-makers, whose instruments are found in palaces and homes through- out the wide world ; the immense slaughtering and packing- houses of John P. Squire & Company, where in a single day six thousand hogs, cattle, and other animals can be humanely purified, divided, and put fot-th in many appetizing forms for human sustenance ; and other noteworthy concerns. With this in mind, many establishments have been men- tioned and illustrated, but care has been taken to mention none that cannot be visited, or tiiat are not well worth visiting. Many of these extend a cordial welcome and have attend- ants to show visitors their establishments, as far as is reason- ably practicable. ( MACULLAR, PARKER & COMPANY IN 1872. SHOWING THE BUILDING DESTROYED IN THE GREAT FIRE. HISTORICAL. O THER cities may claim various distinctions, such as great popula- tions, vast areas, extensive industries, enormous wealth, or grand situations, but the universally-conceded ideal city of the American Con- tinent is Boston. During its 265 years it has constantly developed in all of those com- mendable lines which naturally have given its citizens just cause for their great pride, and fully justify the whole world in the high esteem in which they hold the city, which has become known as “The Modern Athens,” and the “Hub of the solar system.” Boston was called Shawmut, meaning “The Place Where Boats Go,” by the Indians ; TriMontaine, by the early English settlers at Charles- town, from the three bold peaks of Beacon Hill ; and, filially, Boston, WASHINGTON STREET IN HORSE-CAR DAYS OF 1885. (in 1630), by the order of the Massachusetts Legislature, after a Lincoln- shire sea-port from which some of its people came. That place was named Botolph’s (or St. Boat-Help’s) town, from a pious Saxon monk (whose prayers helped storm-tossed boats and sailors), dwelling thereby a thousand years before — (Botolph’s Town=Bot’s Town=Boston). Gov. THE GREAT BOSTON FIRE OF 1872. WASHINGTON STREET, AROUND THE RUINS OF MACULLAR, PARKER & COMPANY. 9 King's '•'■How to See Boston^ Winthrop’s colony of English Puritans came hither by sea in the autumn of 1630, being dissatisfied with Salem and Charlestown, and founded here the capital of Massachusetts. Fortifications were quickly erected at Castle Island, Fort Hill and the Neck ; ship-building became an active industry ; a large foreign commerce began, and new tributary towns sprang up near by. The Puritans came here to found a place in the wil- derness where their religion should be supreme ; but many turbulent incoming sectaries of other beliefs disturbed the peace of the State. The Government disarmed the Antinomians, in 1637 ; hung or banished the Quakers, in 1648-77 ; nailed up the Baptist church ; and persecuted the alleged witches ; and the populace defiled and battered the Church-of- Fngland chapel. Meantime, their train-bands annihilated the power of the Indians, in several sanguinary wars. For 30 years, only church-mem- bers could vote. In 1692, the Colonial Charter was abrogated by King William III., and Boston became the capital of a Royal Province, and the seat of a brilliant vice-regal court. It had 7,000 inhabitants, and was the wealthiest town in America. In 1709, there were 11,000 people ; in 1742, 16,000; and in 1769, 20,000. In 1761 the resistance to British authority began, followed by the Stamp- Act riots of 1765, the non-impor- tation league of 1767, the occupation by red-coat regiments in 1768, the Massacre in 1770, the Tea-party in 1773, the Royalist closing of the port in 1774, and the battles and siege in 1775-76. The town recovered slowly, after its ruin by the long British occupation and the American bombardment. It became a city in 1822, with 50,000 inhabitants, and a vast Asiatic and European commerce. The original area of 800 acres has been more than doubled by filling in the shoal parts of the harbor. Roxbury was annexed in 1868, Dorchester in 1870, and Charlestown, West Roxbury and Brighton in 1874. The city sent 26,175 men to the War for the Union. Nov. 9-10, 1872, a fire destroyed $75,000,000 worth of property. The decline of maritime commerce turned the people’s energies to railroads, manufactures, and general trade, and this is now one of the world’s great markets for wool, boots and shoes, and other com- modities. In literature, art and religion the community holds great renown. Two-thirds of its people are of foreign parentage, but the dominant influence remains Puritan. The population reached 362,839 in 1880, and 448,477 in 1890. But within a radius of a dozen miles there are many towns and villages which are essentially part of the city, and including these the population can more correctly be called a million. The valuation exceeds $1,000,000,000. The net debt is $37,000,000 ; and the yearly city and county income, $14,000,000. Boston possesses a grand harbor, unsurpassed in either hemisphere for the possibilities of Maritime commerce, and for charming situations for Summer homes and resorts. James Freeman Clarke, said : Every Sunrise in New Engla^id is more full of wonder than the Pyramids. Why go to see the Bay of Naples when we have not yet seen Boston Harbor ? ” THE WHOLESALE BUSINESS DISTRICT. T he wholesale business quarter may be bounded in a general way by Scollay and Bowdoin Squares and Wasliington St. on the west, the harbor on the east, Eliot and Kneeland Sts. on the south and Charles River on the north. This is the chief financial and commercial region, with the courts, banks, newspaper-offices, railway-stations and theatres ; and here flow the deepest and most agitated currents of humanity. Scollay Square has been chosen as our chief starting-point because it is a central plaza from which many street-car lines diverge. An English visitor said that the view south from Scollay Square was one of the most picturesque street-scenes in the world. In the driveways, a vast tangle of cars and wagons ; on the sidewalks, animated currents of many phases of human life ; and on the sides, the old pitch-roofed brick houses, the long triple-balconied front of the Boston Museum, the green trees of the burial-ground, the dark low tower of King’s Chapel, and the lofty white marble pile of the Parker House. The view from the square down Court .St. is not less impressive, with the under the eaves of enormous new office-buildings, a true fragment of Tudor Boston, the English provin- cial seaport, overhung on all sides by the majestic commercial palaces of the Modern Athens. The first owner of Scollay Square was Edward Bendall, whom the Puritans drove away, and then part of the land came to David Yale, brother of the founder of Yale College. A century ago, most of the square was covered by a wedge-shaped heap of ramshackle buildings, the chief of which be- longed to Wm. Scollay, of a Scot- tish family from the lonely Orkney Islands. Scollay’s Building was torn down in 1871, leaving the present great triangular open space, which is bordered by busy retail stores, hotels, restaurants and museums, and traversed by innumerable crowds and myriads of vehicles. Its presiding genius is the bronze statue of the founder of Massachusetts, Gov. Winthrop, quaint Old State House nestling low GOV. WINTHROP'S STATUE IN SCOLLAY SQUARE. 12 King's ** //ow to See Boston,’''' in full Puritan costume, holding the Bible and the roll of the Colony Charter, and looking toward the sea. A rope tied around a tree-trunk indicates that he has just landed from a boat in the wilderness. This memorial, a duplicate of one in the U. -S. Capitol, was designed by R. S. Greenough, and erected in 1880, after a grand military and civic parade and orations. The lofty Hemenway Building at the south side of Scollay SCOLLAY SQUARE, JUNCTION OF TREMONT, BRATTLE, CORNHILL AND COURT STREETS. Square arose in 1884, on the site of the house where President Washing- ton sojourned, in 1789 when Gov. John Hancock, from some dim idea of State sovereignty, declined to receive him, and where later were the offices of Harrison Gray Otis and Daniel Webster. Many lawyers of to-day hang up their green bags in the comfortable offices of the modern building. The lower floor is occupied by the ancient retail grocery-store of the S. S. Pierce Co. The land under the Hemenway Building is assessed at $350,000. The Suffolk -County Court-House, in Pemberton Square, and plainly visible from Scollay Square, is an immense granite building, in German Renaissance architecture, completed in 1886, at a cost (including land) of $3,828,000. It encloses four open court-yards, and has several finely decorated halls. The grand rotunda, of white marble and polished gran- ite, is richly adorned with frescoes, and with sculptures representing the 14 King's How to See Boston.'' human virtues. The Court-House also contains the Social Law Library, founded in 1804, and numbering 25, OCX) volumes. The building faces on Pemberton Squire, where rose a harbor-viewing hill eighty feet high, until 1835, when it was removed, and replaced by a fashionable residence- square. Some of the old swell-front houses remain, used as public and law offices. Boston University’s executive building, Jacob Sleeper Hall, is at the head of Pemberton Square. On Howard St. is the Howard Athenaeum, a spacious and popular variety-theatre of the cheaper sort, occupying the site of the Millerite Tabernacle of 1S45, where the Adventists assembled in white ascension-robes, to be ready for the expected end of the world. Here was the estate of Capt. Cyprian Southack, of the Provin- cial navy, whose guest in 1711 was Admiral Sir Hovenden Wal- ker, the leader of a mournfully disastrous expedition against Que- bec. Theodore Lyman had a fine mansion at Ploward St. and Tre- mont Row, where Lafayette was his guest in 1825. Court St., leading past the Old Court House, to the Old State House, was anciently known as Prison Lane (here Capt. Kidd was confined) ; and then, from 1708 until after the Revolution, as Queen St. Here rises the gloomy Doric Quincy-granite col- onnade of the old court-house, with columns weighing 28 tons each, built in 1833-36, and famous for the bloody Abolition riots in 1851 and 1854, when the place was surrounded by chains to keep off the patriot insurgents. Phillips, Parker and Higginson were indicted for their share in this attempted revolution. Here also occurred the dreadful Webster-Parkman trial. Behind is the City Hall ; and just below towers the handsome seven-story sandstone front of Young’s Hotel, containing on the ground-floor the beautiful and spacious ladies’ dining-room, with its artistic decorations. This fine addition, built in 1882, adjoins the older part of the hotel, founded by George Young in 1845. On the corner of Court and Washington Sts. is the white marble Sears Building, partly burned in 1890, and rebuilt, much taller than be- ENTRANCE TO COURT HOUSE, PEMBERTON SQUARE. OLD STATE HOUSE, AMES, SEARS AND OTHER BUILDINGS AMES BUILDING AND COURT STREET TO SCOLLAY SQUARE. VIEW FROM BALCONY OF OLD STATE HOUSE. 17 King's How to See Boston. '' fore, in Italian Gothic architecture. It is full of banks, and offices of western railroads, New-England manufacturing corporations and lawyers. Here dwelt John Leverett, a soldier of Cromwell, knighted by Charles II., and Governor of Massachusetts during King Philip’s War. Here, also, were the busy law offices of Choate, Andrew, Parsons, Chandler and Horace Mann. On the opposite corner rises the tremendous gray-granite sixteen-story pile of the Ames Building, designed by Shepley, Rutan & Coolidge, in a richly ornamental style, and devoted to offices, banks and trust companies. It is 190 feet high, and was finished in 1890, at a cost of $700,000. The land under it is assessed at $400,000. Just south of Court St., on Washington St., is the ever-busy Newspaper Row ; and just north is Cornhill, a busy old-fashioned street, making a broad curve from Adams Square to Scollay Square. It is one of the street-car cen- ters ; and here a never-ceas- ing line of electrics make their starting point for vari- ous suburbs. It was form- erly devoted to the book- trade, of which it retains some portion, mainly second- hand book stores. Here is the spacious and long-estab- lished store of Frost & Adams, founded before 1840, and occupying a five-story building with an immense and varied stock of artists’ and architects’ materials, mathematical instruments and articles for decorating. They import largely from Europe, and have an exten- sive trade all over America. A short distance north of Cornhill is Brattle St., with the old Quincy House, founded in 1819, the first Quincy-granite building in Boston, and the oldest hotel now existing. It has been often enlarged. Opposite is the site of the Brattle-square Church, built in 1772, and standing until 1871, with a cannon ball sticking in its side, fired by an American battery at Cambridge during the siege. Then it was a barrack for two regiments of British infantry. As Dr. Holmes wrote, it “Wore on its bosom, as a bride might do, The iron breastpin which ‘the rebels’ threw.” SAM. ADAMS STATUE, ADAMS SQUARE. -tiV; FROST & ADAMS, ARTISTS- MATERIALS AND MATHEMATICAL INSTRUMENTS. NO. 37 CORNHILL, BETWEEN WASHINGTON AND COURT STREETS. 19 King's How to See Boston.''' Close by, at 23 to 29 Brattle St., is the great popular Marston restau- rant, where thousands of people are served daily with good food at low prices. This famous restaurant had its beginning in 1847, when the present senior partner, Russell Marston, opened a small eating-place with a capacity for about 20 people. To-day the establishment, the largest in the city, can comfortably seat 800 people. The premises have been ex- tended through to Hanover St., where an attractive building has been specially erected. Although the prices are quite moderate, the pleasant and well-conducted Marston restaurants are constantly patronized by the best people of Boston and all New England. At the head of Brattle St. is the Crawford House, where the National Security Bank occupies the main corner. Adams Square, just north of State St., is a broad paved open space, surrounded by tall buildings and shops, and traversed by great crowds of people. Here stands a spirited bronze statue of Samuel Adams, designed by Anne Whitney, and unveiled in 1880. It represents “The Chief of the Revolution ” (as the British Ministry entitled him), just after his heroic act of demanding from Gov. Hutchinson that he should remove the redcoat regiments from the town, after the Massacre. Dock Square is one of the anciently settled portions of the city and modern improvements have not yet made many inroads here. To the east it runs to Faneuil Hall and on the west it extends to Adams Square. NEW WASHINGTON STREET, NORTH FROM ADAMS SQUARE. Shops of various kinds are here, and at No. 20 is the hardware house of Burditt & Williams ; the great sign over the top telling of this one build- ing having been a hardware store for more than a hundred years. True . a, =H .0 . ..0 . SX..T. 22 A^i77g's ‘ ‘ IIo 2 v to Sec Bosto/i. ” to its ripe age the firm which for two generations past has carried on the business under its present style keeps an exceptionally complete line of builders’ and general hardware, cutlery and tools. Faneuil Hall, “The Cradle of Liberty,” was built in 1742, by Peter Faneuil, the Huguenot merchant, for a market and public hall, and pre- sented to the town. Smibert, the pioneer painter, was the architect. It DOCK SQUARE AND FANEUIL HALL, LOOKING EAST FROM ADAMS SQUARE. was rebuilt after a fire, in 1763, and dedicated by James Otis ; and much enlarged in 1806, Bulfinch being the architect. This was the scene of many a famous patriotic town-meeting, illumination, feast or oration in the olden time ; and of the theatre of the British garrison ; the town offices until 1822 ; the State dinners to Count d’Estaing, Lafayette, the Prince de Joinville, Lords Ashburton and Elgin, and other dignitaries ; McClel- lan’s reception, Burlingame’s lying-in-state ; and countless meetings in behalf of various public movements, addressed by Otis, Webster, Everett, Sumner, Parker, Ilillard, Channing, Garrison, Phillips, and other orators. The hall cannot be sold or leased, but may be occupied free for meetings whenever a stated number of persons apply for it under regulations. Then the interested ones assemble, and “rock the Cradle.” Thus in 1895 the woes of Armenia and the demerits of the Subway and other HAROWftRE STORE FOB A HUNDRED YEARS BURDITT & WILLIAMS, HARDWARE AND CUTLERY. NO. 20 DOCK SQUARE, NEAR FANEUIL HALL. ijiH 24 Kin^s “ How to See Boston.''^ themes have here been discussed ; as in earlier times King George’s tyranny, the Embargo, the tariff, slavery and the War for the Union had been. The hall is open all day free for visitors. It contains Healey’s great painting of Webster in the U. S. Senate, answering Hayne, of South Carolina ; and also fine portraits of Washington, Knox, Faneuil, Lincoln, Hancock, Sam. FANEUIL HALL FANEUIL-HALL SQUARE, BETWEEN NORTH AND SOUTH MARKET STREETS. 26 King's How to See Boston.^'' Adams, Everett, Preble, John Adams, Gov. Andrew, Gen. Warren, and John Quincy Adams. The handsome old clock was presented by the school-children. The very quaint gilded grasshopper, with glass eyes, used as a vane on the cupola, was cunningly wrought by Deacon Shem Drowne, in the Provincial days, in imitation of a similar insect on the Royal Exchange of London. Faneuil Hall is in the dignified Provincial architecture, with broad galleries on Doric pillars, and a spacious ros- trum from which many illustrious orators have spoken. There are no seats on the floor, which can thus accommodate a vast audience. Over- head is the armory of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company, founded in 1638, as the school of war for the colony, and the oldest military organization in America, with its ranks largely filled by officers of other organizations. Among its commanders have been Winthrop, Winslow, Heath, Dearborn, Martin, Cowdin and 14 other generals ; and Sir Charles Hobby and Sir John Leverett. Here is a valuable museum of military relics and curiosities. The lower floor of Faneuil Hall is still used for market stalls, and all the neighborhood abounds in tempting articles of food. Immediately facing Faneuil Hall is Quincy Market, a two-story granite building 535 feet long, built in 1825-27, filled with large and well- kept stalls, abounding in all the vast variety of food sent to Boston by her tributary provinces, from Sicily to Alaska. It has a dome, over the rotunda occupied by the Boston Fruit and Produce Exchange, and two porticos of huge granite columns. Many visitors find delight in inspect- ing this wonderful market and its frequenters. The old Town Dock, with its wharves and shipping, formerly occupied this site, and reached up to opposite Elm Street, but was filled by Mayor Quincy in 1826, mak- ing six new streets and a large area of valuable land, upon part of which he erected the market-house. On the north side of Quincy Market is the great incorporated meat and provision packing house of John P. Squire & Co., which has its unique office-building at 39 N. Market St. ; dates its origin from 1842; and has an entire block of works at East Cambridge. Its business amounts to over $15,000,000 a year. It is the largest concern of its kind in America excepting only those in Chicago. The Old State House, at the head of State St., was built in 1748, in the walls of its predecessor erected in 1713, and on the site of the Town House of 1657; and for half a century the Honorable Provincial Council and the State Senate met in the eastern hall, and the House of Repre- sentatives in the western hall. Here, according to John Adams, “ Inde- pendence was born ; ” and for 14 years Sam. Adams and Hancock, Otis and Quincy and other patriots resisted British aggressions, with fiery elo- quence. Here the Stamp- Act clearances were burned ; the British troops were quartered, in 1768 ; Gens. Howe and Clinton held their war-coun- cils, surrounded by officers clad in scarlet and lace ; the State Constitu- tion was planned ; Gov. Hancock received the Count d’Estaing and his THE OLD STATE HOUSE. WASHINGTON AND DEVONSHIRE STREETS, AT THE HEAD OR WEST END OF STATE STREET. 28 Kin^s ‘ ‘ How to See Bosto?t. ” brilliant suite ; and Washington, the man of the century, reviewed the citizenry. Within these walls the ancient courts convened ; and the vice-regal governors held sway ; and the sovereigns and governors were proclaimed. The sessions of the City Council took place here from 1830 to 1840. The Boston Massacre occurred in front of the Old State House, March 5, 1770, when the British main guard, provoked by missiles and epithets, opened fire upon a mob, and slew five persons. For many years the Old State House was given up to private business-offices, whose rentals went to the city. In 1882 the building was restored, and placed in the care of the patriotic Bostonian Society (of 503 members), which has here a vast and deeply interesting museum of antiquities and relics, open free from 9 to 5 daily. Large tablets are inscribed with the his- tories of the halls ; and the lion and the unicorn (burned by the people in 1777, with every other royal emblem in Boston) have been replaced on the eastern gables. This very quaint old mid-street edifice makes a startling contrast with the immense modern buildings all about it. In the early days, the lower story was an open hall, with Doric columns, where the merchants used to meet and walk and arrange their business affairs. How vastly the local commerce has outgrown this primitive Exchange ! On the north side of State St., No. 28, is the handsome granite build- ing of the Merchants’ National Bank, a grand financial institution in which Bostonians take the utmost pride. It was founded in 1831, and has a capital of $3,ooo,o, a surplus of ^1,500,000, making it the largest banking institution in New England. Franklin Haven and Franklin Haven, Jr., have been successively the presidents for nearly sixty years. The Merchants’ Bank building was erected in 1824 by the United-States Bank at a cost of $I20,ocxd, but since then it has been very much altered and improved. It is now one of the most valuable buildings in the city, easily worth over a million dollars. It stands on the site of the old colonial Custom House. The First Church in Boston, a thatched log structure, was erected in 1632 on State St., just south of the Old State House, on the site of Brazer’s Building, a venerable office-structure which will probably be razed within a short time, for its dignified antiquity is maintained at too high a cost, since this is now one of the most valuable sites in Boston. It contains many offices of lawyers and real-estate agents, the most prominent of whom is Alexander S. Porter, who has already been prominently identi- fied with various real-estate dealings of great magnitude, notably the Stock-Exchange Building mentioned later. The conspicuous new structure of light brick on the south side of State St. occupying the little block formed by Congress Square and Con- gress St. is the Worthington Building, built by Roland Worthington, the former owner of The Boston Traveller^ which was erstwhile located here. It is one of the most graceful office buildings in the city. It is peculiarly fortunate in its situation and with thoroughfares on all four sides it enjoys MERCHANTS’ NATIONAL BANK. NO. 28 STATE STREET, NORTH SIDE, FROM DEVONSHIRE TO EXCHANGE STREETS. ALEX. S. PORTER, REAL ESTATE AGENT— BRAZER'S BUILDING. NO. 27 STATE STREET, SOUTH SIDE, FROM DEVONSHIRE STREET TO CONGRESS SQUARE. WORTHINGTON BUILDING, ERECTED BY ROLAND WORTHINGTON. STATE STREET, SOUTH SIDE, BETWEEN CONGRESS SQUARE AND CONGRESS STREET. 32 King's How to See Boston." advantages of light and views seldom found. It is ten stories in height and has been built in the modern fire-proof steel construction method. It was completed in 1895 State St. leads east from the Old State House to the harbor. Change Avenue, north from State St. to Faneuil Hall is one of Boston’s quaint and famous short cuts — a narrow alley between high buildings, traversed by myriads of hurrying footmen. A short tunnel leads thence to Corn Court, where Samuel Cole opened the first Boston tavern, in 1634, and STOCK EXCHANGE. TREMCNT BANK. CONGRESS STREET. WORTHINGTON BUIIDINS. CONGRESS STREET, LOOKING SOUTH FROM STATE STREET TO POST-OFFICE SQUARE. entertained Miantonomah’s painted Narragansett Indians, envoys to Gov. Sir Harry Vane. There Talleyrand, the great premier of France, boarded, in 1795, in the Braser Inn, whose quaint brick front still stands. Change Avenue (named for the Royal Exchange Tavern) enters State St. near the site of the pillory and whipping-post, on its left corner the site of the Custom House, where Gens. I>incoln and Dearborn ruled as collectors ; and on its right corner the stately brick office-building of the Massachu- setts Hospital Life Insurance Company (founded in 1818). HOWARD NATIONAL BANK OF BOSTON. NO. 19 CONGRESS STREET, BETWEEN STATE STREET AND POST-OFFICE SQUARE. 34 King's How to See Boston^ A little south of State St., on the west side of Congress, at No. 19, is the handsome building of the Howard National Bank, an institution more than forty years old, having a capital of $1,000,000, with ramifications throughout the Union, and held in the highest esteem for conservative yet enterprising administration. At the corner of State and Congress Sts. is the Tremont Bank Building, which now pertains to the estate of the late William H. Hill. The most notable modern feature of State St. is the twelve-story granite Stock Exchange (legally the State- Street Exchange Building), one of the largest office-buildings in America, with frontages of 170 feet on State St., 160 feet on Kilby St., and 53 feet on Exchange Place. This huge hive of banks, corporations, safe-deposit vaults, lawyers and busi- ness men, was built in 1889-1891, from designs by Peabody & Stearns, at a cost of $4,000,000. Alexander S. Porter, a prominent real-estate agent, conceived the plan, raised the money, and carried through the negotiations, which were strictly cash transactions, without mortgages. The magnificent Corinthian hall of the Stock Exchange (115 by 50 feet) affords very exciting scenes when the Stock market is agitated. A gallery on the second floor is always open to visitors. At the right side of the main entrance to the Stock Exchange, at 53 State St., is the great banking-room of the American Loan & Trust Com- pany, which, besides carrying on a general banking business, is chartered as a legal depository for executors, guardians, trustees, and law courts, and as trustee and agent in financial matters, as trustee under mortgages, and as transfer agent and registrar of stocks and bonds. This notable corporation has gross assets exceeding $6,500,000, including its capital of $1,000,000 and its surplus of $500,000, and deposits exceeding $5,000,000. On the left of the main entrance is the banking-room of the Massa- chusetts National Bank, with a single exception the oldest bank in the United States, a solid banking institution with a specialty of selling ex- change on all countries of the world. Just right of the entrance to the visitors’ gallery, on the second floor, are the commodious banking-rooms of Pearmain 8 a Brooks, very energetic members of the Stock Exchange, who have important connections with all the great stock exchanges of the country. Immediately across from the Stock Exchange, at the southeast corner of State and Kilby Sts., is the banking-house of Harvey Fisk & Sons, whose dealings in United-States, state, county, city, and other high grade bonds have reached up into the hundreds of millions of dollars. For nearly a century. State St. has been the financial nerve-center of New England, and one of the foremost monetary headquarters of the world. Here, -and in the contiguous region as far as Milk St., are the most powerful banks and financial and brokerage houses, the various trust- companies, and many corporations of wide renown. The Clearing-House (established in 1856), at 66 State St., is second only to that of New York in the volume of its transactions. I BOS I ON STOCK EXCHANGE — STATE STREET EXCHANGE BUILDING. STATE, KILBY AND EXCHANGE STREETS. BOSTON STOCK EXCHANGE, MAIN FLOOR. FROM PHOTO LOANED BY PEARMAIN ee jooswn.' gymnasium, employment agency, and library. Its great usefulness is mainly due to the eminently practical president, ^Yilliam H. Baldwin, who has energetically devoted the better part of a lifetime to its welfare. The Hotel Reynolds, at Boylston and Washington Sts., with 250 rooms, has in its public halls rich flower-paintings by Abbott Graves. The light sandstone Continental Building, at Boylston and Washington Sts., covers the site of the Boylston Market, which stood from 1809 to 1888. It is an office-building, with a clothing-store on the ground floor, and the general offices and supply headquarters of Bouve, Crawford & Co., the makers of the “Crawford Shoe,” on the second story. Opposite the foot of Boylston St., high up on 630 Washington St., is a tablet carved with a tree, showing where the Liberty Tree stood, and the Sons of Liberty held their fiery meetings before the Revolution, and hung effigies of British nobles. Close to the Liberty-Tree block, at 658 Washington St., is the huge and handsome Pray Building, built and owned by John H. Pray, Sons & Co., a business founded in 1817, and transacting one of the most extensive trades in the world, in all varieties of carpets, mattings, rugs, and upholsteries. On the upper floors of this building are the executive offices of the General Society of Christian Endeavor, whose hosts, numbering, it is. said, upwards of 75 ,ocxd, will convene in Boston in July, 1895. Here, too, are the offices of T/ie Golde 7 t Rule, a family weekly, the Prang Educational Co. and L. Prang & Co., the world-famous art-publishers. Essex St. curves away to the harbor, passing, a block east, the Chinese quarter, which extends along Harrison Avenue from Essex to Kneeland Sts. The Harrison- Avenue extension in 1882 destroyed the home of Wendell Phillips, on the north side of Essex St. ; and that of Theodore Parker, at Exeter Place. At Washington and Essex Sts. is the office of The Pilot, a strong Catholic newspaper, founded in 1838. Washington St., narrow, winding and picturesque, has been called the most crowded thoroughfare in the world. Its sharp curves, termi- nated by quaint or handsome buildings, produce startling architectural effects ; its narrow sidewalks are trod by jostling thousands ; and its road- way is a close jam of vehicles. The block between Boylston and West Sts. is the Theatre District, affording a brilliant and inspiring scene at evening and matinee hours. The Park Theatre is a handsome house, built for H. E. Abbey in 1879, leased by John Stetson. Oppo- site stood until it was burned (in 1894) the Globe Theatre, founded in 1867, where Neilson, Bernhardt, Duse, and Salvini played. B. F. Keith’s New Theatre, opened in 1882, on the site of the Lion Theatre of 1836, and quite recently rebuilt, is said to be the handsomest small theatre in the world. It gives genteel continuous vaudeville and varieties from 10 A. M. to 10 P. M., at low prices. The Boston Theatre, built in 1854, is one of the largest and best in America, with seats for 3,000, an enormous stage, and handsome lobbies. BOUVE^ CRAWFORD & CO., CORPORATION. - “ THE CRAWFORD SHOE.'» BOYLSTON BUILDING, WASHINGTON STREET, SOUTHWEST CORNER OF BOYLSTON STREET. 105 106 RETAIL DISTRICT, SOUTHERN PORTION. io8 Khig's Hotv to See Boston,'^'' It is especially adapted to grand opera and spectacular pieces ; and has witnessed the best work of Booth and Owens, Forrest and Fechter, Jeffer- son and McCullough, Ristori and Salvini, Janauschek and Sothern, Irving and Terry, besides the state balls given to the Prince of Wales and the Grand Duke Alexis. The Elks’ building is at 24 Hayward Place. In the midst of these theatres are the lofty, triple-towered marble walls of the Adams Flouse, a European-plan hotel of 400 apartments, with a noble public dining-hall and singularly attractive dining and writ- ing rooms. It occupies the site of the ancient Lamb Tavern, opened in 1745 ; and bears the name of a former proprietor, the father of “Oliver Optic.” By its side is Clark’s Hotel, a popular resort for men. In every direction appear well-known firm-names, from whose shops myriads of shoppers from all New England replenish their worn-out clothing and jewelry, books and music, and a thousand other articles. It forms a lively and pleasing scene, extending over the short streets leading westward to the trees of the Common, and those toward the wholesale district, “stretching saltwards to the docks.” Note the long- established jewelry-store of Bigelow, Kennard & Co., at Washington St., southwest corner of West St., with its extensive and varied artistic treas- ures of jewelry, silverware, plated ware, precious stones, watches, bronzes, etc. The house dates back many years, and is one of the oldest and most highly esteemed firms in Boston. On Washington St., at the southeast corner of Bedford, is the enor- mous, flamboyant Gothic structure of R. H. White & Co., the largest and grandest retail establishment in New England. Among the most fascinating of the stores on Washington St. is the great toy emporium of Richard Schwarz, at 484 and 486, by far the largest concern of its kind in the city. Everything desirable in imported or domestic toys, games and fancy goods, from the tiniest to the biggest, from the lowest-priced to the most costly, is shown here in endless variety. At Temple Place is the dry-goods house of Houston & Hen- derson. At the corner of Washington and Avon Sts. is the immense Palladian building of Jordan, Marsh & Co., which easily ranks equal to the greatest bazaars of the world. At 451 and 453 Washington St. is the renowned music-publishing house of the Oliver Ditson Company. On Summer St., east of Washington St., is the massive granite build- ing, wLich is part of the group occupied by the substantial and esteemed dry-goods establishment of C. F. Hovey & Co. At 398 and 400 are the Macullar, Parker & Company’s buildings, where, in light and airy rooms, 600 liberally paid and generously treated employees make upon honor the finest clothing possible, all of which is sold at retail on the main floor. At 403 are the offices of the American Waltham Watch Company, whose vast works at Waltham employ 2,000 skilled artisans. At 81 Hawley St., is the wholesale piece goods depart- ment of Macullar, Parker & Co. THEATRE DISTRICT: WASHINGTON STREET, BETWEEN WEST AND BOYLSTON STREETS. VIEW LOOKING SOUTHWARD FROM WEST STREET. BIGELOW, KENNARD & CO., JEWELERS AND SILVERSMITHS. WASHINGTON STREET, SOUTHWEST CORNER OF WEST STREET. RICHARD SCHWARZ, IMPORTER, JOBBER AND RETAILER OF TOYS. NOS. 484 AND 486 WASHINGTON STREET, BETWEEN BEDFORD AND AVON STREETS. I 12 A’ i fig's Hozv to See Boston." On Franklin St., at the southwest corner of Hawley St., just one block east of Washington St., is the Boston Daily Standard, a paper started in 1895, absolutely positive American ideas. It is a bright home newspaper, giving ail the important news and eliminating the de- tails of crimes and immoralities. It has quite a strong support through this section of the country, and bids fair to make a permanent success. The first newspaper in America, Publick Occurrences, appeared in Boston in 1690, and was forthwith suppressed by the General Court. The next, and the first permanent paper in America, was The Boston Neijus- Letter, published weekly from 1704 to 1776. At 381, immediately opposite the head of Franklin St., is the aristo- cratic and extensive Collins & Fairbanks establishment, noted for its rich display of fashionable hats and caps, canes and umbrellas, a large por- tion of the stock being made or imported exclusively for this firm. At 365 is the Archway book-store of DeWolfe, Fiske & Co., with an extensive stock of popular books. At 374, just north of Franklin St., SwrFOU SAVINSS BANK. TREMONT STREET, WEST SIDE, NORTH FROM SCHOOL STREET. B3ST:N MUSE.JM. MAUULLAR, PARKER & COMPANY, CLOTHING AND FURNISHING GOODS. NOS. 398 AND 400 WASHINGTON STREET, BETWEEN FRANKLIN AND SUMMER STREETS. 113 THE BOSTON DAILY STANDARD. FRANKLIN ST., SOUTHWEST CORNER OF HAWLEY ST., ONE BLOCK EAST OF WASHINGTON ST. 115 TREMONT STREET, EAST SIDE, NORTH FROM KING’S CHAPEL. are retailed at this store, and which are also sold to wholesalers and jobbers throughout the whole country. At 338, midway between Frank- in and Milk Sts., are the exhibition and sale rooms of the Soule Photograph Co., where may be obtained, mounted and unmounted photographs of many thousand subjects, this being probably the largest collection of its class to be found on the continent. Back of the rows of buildings on Washington St. may be seen the top of one of Boston’s pecu- liar hotels, known as Clark’s Boston Tavern, patronized solely by men. It is a ten-story building, of fire-proof construction, and has a first-class restaurant, and comfortable accommodations. It occupies a part of the site of the old Province House, which stood from 1667 to 1864, and which in 1715 became the State residence of the vice-regal governors. It was finally burned, but its walls remain in other structures on the same site. At the corner of Washington and Milk Sts. is the granite building of the Boston Transcript^ the favorite family tea-table paper, always refined and literary in tone. It is staunchly Republican, and was founded in 1830. At 17 Milk St., just below the Transcript Building, is the birth- 116 King's How to See Boston." and directly opposite Bromfield St, is the old and trustworthy house of Dame, Stoddard & Kendall, founded in 1800, and importing very largely from Europe, carrying an unsurpassed stock of cutlery, fine hardware, fishing tackle, leather goods, athletic goods, and kindred wares, which COLLINS & FAIRBANKS, HATTERS. NO. 381 WASHINGTON STREET, IMMEDIATELY OPPOSITE FRANKLIN STREET. uMmt, £,IUUUAKU & KtNDALL, CUTLERY, AQUATIC AND ATHLETIC GOODS 118 NO. 374 WASHINGTON STREET, NEAR FRANKLIN STREET, AND OPPOSITE BROMFIELD STREET. SOULE PHOTOGRAPH CO., PHOTOGRAPHERS AND PUBLISHERS. NO. 338 WASHINGTON. BETWEFN F3ANKL1N AND MILK STREETS. 119 120 King's ‘ ‘ How to See Boston.'' place of Franklin ; and imme- diately opposite, at No. lo, is the venerable house of Lee & Shepard, with its creditable list of publications. The Old South Meeting- House lifts its ivy-clad tower and venerable steeple at Washington and Milk Sts. The newly-formed Third Church built here, in 1670, on the site of Gov. Winthrop’s garden, a cedar meeting house, in which Franklin was baptized, and Judge Sewall confessed his error as to the witchcraft troubles. The present structure, dating from 1729, was the scene of the great patriotic town-meetings before the Revolution, the de- parting point of the T e a - Party Indians, the cavalry riding-school of the British garrison, the hall of the an- nual Election Sermons for 160 years, and many other stirring events. The advance of trade drove the parishioners to dis- tant homes, wherefore the Third Society gave up this church, and built a new one, on the Back Bay, in 1872-74. The old site had an immense value for business purposes ; and the society sold it (with the building) to the Old South Preservation Commit- tee for 8430,000, to be pre- served as “The Nursery and Sanctuary of Freedom.” It is occupied by a rich and varied museum of Colonial and Revolutionary relics, weapons, flags, furniture, pictures, etc., open daily. THE OLD SOUTH. WASHINGTON, NORTHEAST COR. MILK STREET. HEAD OF MILK STREET, THE OLD SOUTH, AND BURNHAM ANTIQUE BOOKSTORE. MILK STREET, NORTHEAST CORNER OF WASHINGTON STREET. THE BOSTON TRAVELER,— AN EVENING NEWSPAPER. NO. 309 WASHINGTON STREET, OPPOSITE MILK STREET AND THE OLD SOUTH. 123 King's “ How to See Boston."''' for 25 cents, the revenue going to the preservation fund. Series of free historical lectures are given here every year by famous scholars. The crypts contain Burnham’s vast antiquarian book-store, with scores of thousands of volumes, old and new, amid which antiquaries and biblio- philes find many treasures. Just north of the Old South, Gov. Winthrop’s house stood until 1775, when the half-frozen British garrison tore it down for fuel. At 307 Washington St., opposite the Old South, are the offices, editorial and printing rooms of the Boston Traveler, established in 1845, half a century ago, and now issuing every evening a twelve-page paper at one cent. It is clean, newsy and readable, and under its present ener- getic and experienced management it has gained a solid foothold among FRANKLIN STATUE — CITY HALL — QUINCY STATUE. the people, with a constantly increasing circulation and advertising patronage. At 301 is the publishing and bookselling house of Estes & Lauriat, with an extensive stock of imported books. The Old Corner Bookstore, at School (leading to the City Hall) and Washington Sts., the oldest brick building in Boston, was erected in 1712, on the site of Anne Hutchinson’s dwelling ; and since 1828 has been a book-store, occupied for many years by Ticknor & Fields, and frequented by Longfellow and Lowell, Holmes and Whittier, Emerson and Thoreau, Dickens and Thackeray, and other illustrious authors. Here Oliver Dit- son began his music business, at a small corner counter, in 1833. Besides THE OLD CORNER BOOKSTORE, DAMRELL A. UPHAM. >ft^eHINUTON 8THi£^ NOMTMWCST OOHNEH OF SCHOOL STHEETj Kmg's How to aee j^oston.'^ 125 general literature, the store, now pertaining to Damrell & Upham, has large Episcopal and guide-book and map departments. Spring Lane, almost opposite, contained the great spring of sweet water which attracted the colonists to Boston. A tall, quaint office-structure called the Carter Building, with narrow front and peculiar shape, occupies the square between Spring Lane and Water St., both of which lead to the Post Office. Newspaper Row covers both sides of a long bow-shaped block along Washington St., between Water and State Sts., and oftentimes is the most crowded part of the city. From this block are published the your- nal^ the Post, the Herald, the Advertiser, the Record, and the Globe, all of the daily papers excepting the Traveler, Transcript, and Standard, GRANARY BURYING GROUND, TREMONT STREET, BETWEEN BEACON AND PARK STREETS. The yournal, at Washington and Water Sts., is a thoroughly good morn- ing and evening paper (founded in 1833) great circulation, intensely devoted to Republicanism. The Post, a bright Democratic one-cent morning paper, with a three- cent Sunday edition, dates from 1831, and has its home at 259 Washington St. The Boston Herald, at 255, the foremost of all the New-England papers, has one of the finest and best-equipped newspaper buildings in ex- istence (erected in 1877-78), six stories high, in French Renaissance architecture. It is independent in politics. It was founded in 1846 ; and has several admirable daily editions, and a superb Sunday issue. The white-marble building at 248 was built for the Advertiser, “ the Respect- THE POST. the herald. THE BOSTON HERALD. NO. 255 WASHINGTON STREET, BETWEEN SCHOOL AND COURT STREETS. 126 HEHAU) UMP. BLOBE. ADVERTISER. LITTLE, BHUWN fc CO. LITTLE, BROWN & CO., IMPORTERS, BOOKSELLERS AND PUBLISHERS. NO. 254 WASHINGTON STREET, EAST SIDE, NORTH OF WATER STREET. 127 128 King's '•''How to See Boston.''' able Daily,” the oldest daily paper in Boston, founded in 1813, and from 1 8 14 to 1 864 directed by Nathan Hale, who married Edward Everett’s sister, and whose son was E. E. Hale. The paper has always been calm, dig- nified and refined, Republican in politics, and paying special attention to maritime and commercial news. The Evening Record is a bright, spicy, and pungent penny paper, started in 1884, by the Advertiser corporation. At 236-238 the Globe, a strictly Democratic two-cent paper, with several editions each day, and with a monster Sunday paper, has a huge and handsome brown-stone building. It was started as a high-class literary journal, in 1872, by Maturin M. Ballou and others ; and after several changes came under the present management, which has made it a marked success as a wide-awake newsgatherer for the masses, with an immense circulation. In the midst of the newspapers, at 254, is the eminent publishing and importing house of Little, Brown & Co., with its own exceptionally strong list of standard books on law, history, and general literature, and the choicest stock of imported and Ameri- can books of all pub- lishers. The business was established over a century ago. The build- ing belongs to Harvard University. In and around News- paper Row are many well-known periodicals; and likewise enterpris- ing shops of all kinds, notably the Crawford Shoe-store, one of the scores of branches of Bouve, Crawford Co. , whose signs cover the whole building at 225. Eating-places, too, abound, including the Silver Grill, 263, Dennett’s, 243, Mrs. Atkinson’s, 239, Hart’s Imperial, 231, and Thompson’s Spa, at 219. Two quaint pedestrians’ alleys lead to Court Square, back of the City Hall — Williams Court and Court Avenue, winding around by the hidden main entrance of Young’s Hotel. It is only a few steps from Newspaper Row to the Old State House and State St., and to Court St., curving around to Scollay Square. PARK STREET CHURCH AND GRANARY BURYING GROUND, TREMONT AND PARK STREETS. “the CRAWFORD SHOE” STORE, BOUVE, CRAWFORD & CO. 130 NO. 225 WASHINGTON STREET, NORTH OF THE “ HERALD ” AND OPPOSITE THE “GLOBE.” THE BACK-BAY DISTRICT. T his grandly interesting part of Boston was made by filling up the im- mense salty bay of the Charles River back of Boston. It is now a very beautiful residence-quarter, with the fine churches, notable public build- ings, and palatial hotels — in fact, the show district, the Court end, of the city. The Back-Bay cars, as well as other lines, taken at Scollay Square, or on Tremont St. along the Common, traverse this section. Turning from Tremont into Boylston St. (the ancient Frog Lane), at the south end of the Common, we pass the Hotel Pelham (studios and offices) ; the building occupied by the Public Library from 1858 to 1895 1 secluded Boylston Place, in which (at No. 4) stands the house of the Tavern Club, made up of 100 authors, artists and musicians. Howells and C. E. Norton have been its presidents ; and receptions have been given to Holmes, Booth, Irving, Sala, and other great men. At 18 Boyl- ston Place is the Boston Library, founded in 1 794, with 28, OCX) vol- umes ; and at No. 19, the Mass. Med- ical Society. One side of Boylston St. is the Common, where the excavat- ing for the con- struction of the Subway has begun as this book goes to press. The Subway is for the relief of the congestion in the heart of Boston by the opening of an underground street across the centre of the city. This sub- street will extend from the Union Sta- tion to the junction of Tremont St. and Shawmut Avenue, and by a branch to- the Boston & Provi- TREMONT STREET MALL, LOOKING NORTH TO PARK STREET CHURCH. 180 K big's ‘ ‘ How to See Boston, ” 131 dence Railroad station. It will be water-tight, brilliantly lighted and perfectly ventilated, warmer in winter and cooler in summer than the sur- face streets. All the street-car tracks over its line will be removed from the surface and run through it, thus affording a complete clearance of the surface streets, for the better accommodation of travel and avoidance of its existing dangers. By ingenious engineering there will be no grade cross- ing in the Subway, and passengers can take any car desired without cross- ing a track. On the north side of Boylston St., about midway between Tremont St. and Park Square, at 156, is the very interesting establishment of the Murdock Parlor Grate Company, a title somewhat misleading from the fact that, besides parlor grates, this con- cern manufactures and puts up an in- finite variety of high art metal, mosaic and woodwork, and supplies every necessity or ornament of the modern or ancient fireplace. A visit to this establishment will be well repaid. Park Square is the diverging point of the broad and beautiful Columbus Avenue, to the South End, and Charles St., to the West End. It contains Ball’s bronze Emancipation Group, showing Abraham Lincoln, and a slave kneeling at his feet, with fetters falling away. The pedestal is of polished red granite. This statuary was cast at Munich in 1879, at a cost of $i7,ocx), and given by Moses Kimball. Here is the majes- tic Gothic terminal of the Providence Division of the N. Y., N. H. & H. R. R. to Providence (and New York), erected at a cost of ^800,000, with a noble clock-tower, a beautiful Gothic hall (180 by 44 feet, and 80 feet high), and a very thorough equipment. It is 850 feet long, one of the largest in the world. This station is the terminal of the trains connecting with the glorious Sound steamers for New York, — the “Providence Line,” and the “Fall-River Line.” The Providence road was chartered in 1831, and finished in 1835. station stands on /the beach whence the British troops embarked on their mournful raid upon Lexington, in 1775. The tall building on the east corner of Boyls- ton St. occupies the site of the gun-houses of the Sea Fencibles and New-England Guards, and Wm. M. Hunt’s studio. On Carver St., back of it, Julian Hawthorne was born. Charles St, starts at Park Square, and runs between the Common and the Public Garden. ARMY AND NAVY MONUMENT, BOSTON COMMON. 133 King's How to See Boston.'''' Boylston St. thence westward, facing the Public Garden, was until lately a favorite residence-quarter, but is fast being occupied by fashion- able retail stores. A prominent attraction for all visitors and residents is the famous Wil- liams & Everett art-gallery, at 190, with its rich artistic interior and its collection of European and American paintings, etchings, carbons, statu- ary and photographs, many exhibited in ingenious, exquisite and appro- priate frames from the firm’s own shops. This historic firm began in 1810, and took its present style in 1855. The most prominent establish- ment on Boylston St. is the great and handsome brown-stone building of L. P. Hollander & Co., 202 to 210, which is filled with the finest and TREMONT STREET, SOUTH OF PARK STREET. ENTRANCE TO BOSTON COMMON. most exquisite fabrics and costumes for ladies and children, and a vast variety of dainty articles for personal adornment. It is the most aristo- cratic establishment of its kind in New England. On Boylston St., at 198, is Vercelli’s, where Italian table d’hote dinners are served and at Church St. is the Thorndike, a pleasant and well-situated European-plan hotel, built in 1885-86. The Public Garden occupies a site which, with the parade ground on the Common, was formerly covered with marshes and salt water, flowing freely with the sea-tides. Rope-walks were erected here in 1794 ; but subsequently the area was filled in, and in 1862 the municipality fenced, graded and laid out the Garden. It is now a very beautiful park of 24 134 Kin^s How to See Bosto^t.'"' acres, with groups of choice trees and shrubbery, rich lawns, statuary, and a 4-acre lake abounding in quaint boats and crossed by “the Bridge of Size” (a ponderous affair, for footmen). The flower display is one of the most superb in the world, being drawn from millions of plants in the City hot-houses. In late spring come 100,000 crocuses, 500,000 or more vivid tulips and hyacinths, narcissi and lilies, and 100,000 golden lilies of Japan, followed by 700,000 pansy-plants, and daisies and forget-me- nots, and these by the June pomps of 16,000 rose-bushes and 10,000 hy- drangeas, and many magnolias, tropical palms, ferns, and india-rubber trees. On a pleasant Sunday from 40,000 to 80,000 persons \dsit the garden. Thirty beds were given up in 1 895 to rich carpet-bedding, or small foliage-plants, showing in their proper colors the emblems and badges of the Christian Endeavor Society and the Knights Templar. The memorials include (on the south, or Boylston-St. side) : Ball’s bronze statue of Charles Sumner, erected in 1878, from a popular sub- scription of $15,000 ; and a stiff little granite statue of Col. Cass, of the 9th Mass. ; (West side). Ball’s noble equestrian .Washington, the finest statue in New Eng- land, erected in 1869, 22 feet high, on a base 16 feet high, and designed, made and paid for in Massachusetts; a grace- ful fountain-veiled statue of Venus Rising from the Sea, popularly called “ The Maid of the Mist'''; and the Ether 5 lonument, a stone shaft ris- ing from a square basin, and crowned with statues of the Good Samaritan and his suf- fering protege\ dedicated in 1868, to commemorate the proving of the anaesthetic powers of ether, at the Mass. General Hospital in 1846. J. Q. A. Ward was the sculptor; T. Lee, the donor. On the Beacon-St. side is Story’s dramatic bronze statue of Edward Everett, modelled at Rome, cast at Munich, and erected here by a popular subscription in 1867. The portrait is capital, and the ges- ture a favorite one of Everett’s. As Mr. Howells says : “ Boston seemed to be a great place for images. An image of Washington on horseback, and some orator speaking, with his hand up, and on top of a monument a kind of Turk held up a man who looked sick. The man was almost naked, but he was not so bad as the image of a woman in a granite basin ; it seemed to Barker that it ought not to be allowed there. . . . The marble Venus of the ST. PAUL’S EPtSCOPAL CHURCH, TREMONT STREET, NEAR TEMPLE PLACE. WILLIAMS & EVERETT, PAINTINGS, STATUARY ANU hKAMto. 135 lO. 1«0 BOYLSTON STREET, C EXTENDING THROUGH TO PARK SQUARE, OPPOSITE PUBLIC GARDEN. BOSTON PUBLIC GARDEN. BOYL8TON, CHARLES, BEACON AND ARLINGTON STREETS. BOSTON PUBLIC GARDEN. BOYLSTON, CHARLES, ARLINGTON AND BEACON STREETS. 137 138 King's How to See Boston.'" fountain was surprised without her shower on : and Mr. Ball’s equestrian Wash- ington drew his sword in solitude unbroken by a policeman upon Dr. Rimmer’s Hamilton in Commonwealth Avenue.” Arlington Street, the west border of the Public Garden, has latterly seen trade invade its splendid mansions. At No. 16 is the Swedenborgian headquarters. The Arlington-St. Church (Unitarian), the first built on the Back Bay (in 1861), exemplifies Wren’s London architecture, and has a sweet chime of 16 bells in its tall freestone spire, and a white Corinthian interior. It succeeds the Irish Church of the Presbyterian Strangers, founded in Long Lane (Federal St.) in 1727 ; and has had Channing and Gannett for pastors. The church lot is assessed at $360,000. Near by, at 2 Newbury St, is the pleasant house of the St. Botolph Club, of prom- inent professional men, artists and authors (like N. Y. Century Club), founded in 1880, and for some years presided over by Parkman. Nearly opposite is Emmanuel Episcopal Church, built in 1861-62, of Roxbury stone, and led by Huntington, Vinton and Parks. Dr. Vinton’s bronze portrait tablet was made by St. Gaudens. The Young Men’s Christian Association has on Boylston St., at the southwest corner of Berkeley, a spacious and imposing Scottish-baronial building, erected in 1883, a cost of $300,000. There are about 5,000 members, under easy entrance-conditions, though only members of evan- gelical churches may be voters and office-holders. It freely welcomes strangers to its parlors, library, reading-room, and game-room ; and pro- vides lectures, concerts, receptions, classes, a spacious hall, and an elabo- rate and very large gymnasium. It was formed in 1851 and is the oldest Y. M. C. A. in the Republic. On Berkeley St., just north of Boylston, is the Catholic nunnery- school and novitiate of Notre Dame. The Museum of Natural History, on Boylston St., at the northwest corner of Berkeley, was built in 1864, for a society incorporated in 1831, on land given by the State ; and has a library of 20,000 volumes, and vast collections of birds, insects, fossils, skeletons, stuffed elephants and lions and other remarkable objects. It is open free Wednesdays and Sat- urdays (25 cents on other days). Burgess, the yacht-designer, was long the librarian here. The stately building is adorned with carved animals’ heads on keystones, and eagle on roof, and has a fine Corinthian portico. The Central Congregational Church, on Berkeley St., just north of the Museum, was built in 1867, of Roxbury stone, after designs by Upjohn, the famous Gothic architect ; and resembles a miniature cathedral in its ecclesiastical symmetry. The stone spire rises 236 feet, and is the tallest in the city, and, according to Dr. Holmes, by far the most beautiful. The interior was remodelled and superbly decorated in 1894-95, by the Tiffany Co., of New York, with favrile glass, a rich churchly chancel, and a famous sanctuary lamp. The society began in 1835, and built in Winter St. in 1841. It has been led by John E. Todd, J. T. Duryea and E. L. Clark. 140 King's How to See Boston.'''' The First Church (Unitarian), north of the Central, at Berkeley and Marlborough Sts., was built in 1868, at a cost of $325,000; and is a charming bit of English Gothic architecture, of Roxbury stone, with cloisters and a low steeple, and a rich dark interior, with London stained windows and a German organ. Winthrop and Dudley founded the society, in 1630 ; and for a century and a half it was Trinitarian Congregationalist. Its first church (in 1632-40) was at 27 State St. ; the second (1640-1711) and third (1713-1808 — “The Old Brick”), at 209 Washington St. (near Court) ; and the fourth (1808-68), in Chauncy Place, near Summer St. The Mass. Institute of Technology, with two of its buildings and the Natural-History Museum charmingly filling the whole block on the north side of Boylston St., between Clarendon and Berkeley, is the leading tech- nical and industrial-science college in America, if not in the world. It was incorporated in 1861 ; and teaches engineering, chemistry, metallurgy, architecture, physics, geology, etc., to more than 1,000 youths. Francis A. Walker is president. Several courses of free public lectures are given here yearly, by the foremost American and British scholars, from the in- come of $237,000 bequeathed therefor in 1839, ^7 Lowell, Jr., a Bostonian dying at Bombay. Among the Lowell lecturers have been Palfrey, Lowell, Howells, Agassiz, Lyell and Tyndall. The Hotel Brunswick, one of the most delightful and most charmingly situated hotels of the world, is on the south side of Boylston St., at the corner of Clarendon, forming part of the east end of Copley Square. It is opposite the Technology Institute, and in the immediate vicinity of Trinity Church, the Art Museum, the Public Library, etc. It was built in 1874-76, at a cost of $1,000,000, with sumptuous furnishings, fine archi- tecture, and an unrivalled situation. Among its guests have been Presi- dents Grant, Hayes and Arthur, and the Dukes of Argyll and Sutherland. The proprietors are Barnes & Dunklee. Copley Square, with its superb churches, museums, library and col- leges, is regarded by the Bostonians with a Florentine or Athenian civic pride, and bears the name of our greatest oldtime artist. The foremost architects have prepared competitive plans for its appropriate adornment, which will probably be in the form of a dainty sunken garden, with shrubbery, fountains and statuary. This work will have cost $75,000. Trinity Church, on Copley Square, is the most artistic and impressive church in New England. Phillips Brooks was its rector from 1869 to 1891. The society dates from 1728 ; and the present church from 1877. It was designed by H. H. Richardson, in the Romanesque architecture of Southern France and Spain. The chief external features are the out- lying chapel ; the quaint cloisters, containing the ancient stone tracery from a window of St. Botolph’s Church, in English Boston ; the rich Galilee porch, built in 1894-95 ; and the vast and impressive central tower, suggested by one at Salamanca, and rising to a height of 211 feet, with a width of 46 feet. The ivy-clad walls are of yellowish Dedham granite and brown sandstone ; and the huge tower-roof is of red Akron HOTEL BRUNSWICK, BARNES & DUNKLEE, PROPRIETORS. BOYL8TON STREET, SOUTHEAST CORNER OF CLARENDON STREET, BEGINNING OF COPLEY SQUARE. 142 Km^s How to See Bostony tiles. The interior is marvelously rich, with a chancel 57x53 feet in area ; many English, Parisian and Tiffany stained-glass memorial win- dows ; and the famous Biblical frescoes by John LaFarge, including Jesus and the Woman of Samaria. This majestic building cost over $800,000, and is all paid for. The services are “low.” E. W. Donald is rector. The north cloister doors are open daily, from 8 to 4 (Satur- days, 8 to 12) to admit visitors. The attendant sells a booklet about the frescoes, windows, etc. Near by, at 233 Clarendon St., is the quaint rectory, where Phillips Brooks dwelt from 1869 until his death in 1893. South of Trinity is the Ludlow, an apartment house ; and also the Technology Architectural, Engineering, and Laboratory buildings. The Museum of Fine Arts fills the south side of Copley Square with its flamboyant Italian Gothic facade of brick, stone, and red and buff English terra cotta. It contains what is called the most symmetrically developed art-collection in America, inferior to New York in pictures, but with the finest set of sculptural casts in the world (except that at Berlin), and Japanese collections absolutely unapproachable elsewhere. Conspicuous terra-cotta reliefs on the outer walls represent the Tri- umph of Art, and the Union of Art and Industry. A large art-school is attached to the Museum. There were 265,000 visitors to the Museum in 1894. The building surrounds a broad quadrangle, and is to be doubled in size. The first floor is devoted to casts and antiquities, occupying 16 halls. The second floor has several rooms of paintings ; the textile, coin, and metal-work collections ; the tapestries and embroideries, por- celains and pottery ; and the vast Japanese collections. There are 800 casts of famous classic and Renaissance statuary, large Egyptian and Cyprus collections, thousands of pieces of exquisite porcelain and glass ware, tapestries and embroideries, wood and ivory carvings, prints and drawings, coins and bronzes, weapons and armor ; and many paintings by the old masters (Rubens, Holbein, Diirer Greuze, Reynolds, et als . ), and by the best modern French and American artists (Corot, Millet, Bastien-Lepage, Allston, Copley, Hunt, Brown, Cole). Catalogues are sold at the door. The Museum is open from 9 to 5 daily (25 cents ; free on Saturdays, and Sunday afternoons). It was founded in 1870, and subscriptions of $600,000 gave the means for the great quadrangular build- ings, begun in 1876. The expenses are met by art-lovers’ subscriptions. The Grundman, Harcourt and Pierce buildings, near by, have the studios of many artists. A few rods from the Museum, where Dartmouth St. crosses the Albany and Providence Railroads, is the South Armory, built in 1890, for the ist Regiment, M. V. M., and the Naval Brigade. The 5th Regiment and the Cavalry Battalion have their headquarters here. The drill hall is of mammoth size, and the head-house, massive, battle- mented and towered, has a fine military effect. The Boston Public Library, occupying the west side of Copley Square, has the most costly and artistic library building in the world, and is by far the largest library in the world for free circulation. It was opened in TRINITY PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH. COPLEY SQUARE, 8T. JAMES AVENUE, CLARENDON AND BOYL8TON STREETS. MUSEUM OF FINE ARTS. COPLEY SQUARE; ST. JAMES AVENUE AND DARTMOUTH STREET. BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY, 146 Kin^s “ Ho'w to See Boston.''’' 1852, largely by the efforts of Everett and Ticknor ; and the building was finished in 1895, having cost over $2,500,000. C. F. McKim, of McKim, Mead & White, designed it, in the pure, stately and elegant style of the Italian Renaissance. It is of pinkish-gray Milford granite, and faces on three streets, with a conspicuous roof of brown Spanish tiles, and a clois- tered courtyard inside containing a lawn and fountain. The building covers i ^ acres. The inscriptions, the outside granite terrace and seats, the Knoxville- marble vestibule, and the colored marble mosaics of the entrance hall, in floor and vaulting, are all noteworthy. The grand stair- way, with colossal marble lions commemorating the dead of the 2d and 22d Mass. Regiments in 1861-65, leads to Bates Hall, an immense read- ing-room occupying all the Copley- Square front, with a barrel- vault ceiling and rich furnishings. Edwin A. Abbey’s wonderful series of paintings of “The Search for the Holy Grail ” and John S. Sargent’s paintings of “ The Growth of Religion ” are in place here. Abbey’s in the general delivery room, and Sargent’s in the hall of the special libraries (third floor). Each artist receives $15,000, and they will require years to come to finish their series. The paintings are on canvas, fastened to the walls by white lead. LaFarge, Puvis de Chavannes (who will receive $50,000) and others are at work on other great mural decorations ; St. Gaudens is preparing two groups of three figures each, for the outer terrace ; and other statues are being made. Never before' have architecture, sculpture and painting been so gloriously united in America. Here are kept many valuable MSS. and ancient books, the Cardinal-Tosti collection of engrav- ings, Copley’s great painting of Charles I. and Parliament, and the price- less Chamberlain autographs. The library has very rich special collec- tions about costumes, Spanish literature, music, mathematics, patents, architecture, New-England history, Shakespeareana, etc., each in a special hall. It contains about 680,000 volumes ; and has many well-stocked branches in remote parts of the city. There are 150 employees ; and the expenses approach $200,000 a year. The magnificent newspaper-room contains current files of several hundred leading American, European and Asiatic papers, and has no rival anywhere. Parts of the library are open evenings and Sundays. The State gave most of the land for the site ; the city paid for the building and maintenance ; and private munificence gave most of the special libraries and art-treasures of this incomparable people’s club-house, “ The literary Common,” as Robert C. Winthrop called it. The Old South Church, opposite the Library, on the north side of Copley Square, is a superb North- Italian Gothic building, of Roxbury stone, erected in 1873-75, at a cost of $500,000, for a Congregational society founded in 1669. Quite noticeable outside are the gilded copper dome, the carved fruits and birds on the outer sandstone belts, and the inscriptions and Venetian mosaics in the arcade. The tower (which leans slightly) is one of the most beautiful in existence, with colored stone marquetry and noble Gothic windows ; and is 248 feet high. Inside, note the carved Caen-stone and Lisbon-marble screen, the open timber- FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH. COMMONWEALTH AVENUE, SOUTHWEST CORNER OF BERKELEY STREET. 150 King's How to See Boston.''^ The Vendome, Boston’s palatial hotel, on Commonwealth Avenue and Dartmouth St., is but two short blocks north of Copley Square with its group of famous edifices. It is a vast eight-story million-dollar marble building, with 365 feet of street-frontage, in every way richly and comfort- ably furnished and equipped, with a fine rotunda and dining-halls. Many distinguished personages have of late years been guests here, among them Presidents Harrison and Cleveland, Blaine and McKinley, Sherman and Vanderbilt, Rockefeller and Carnegie, Booth and Barrett, Irving and Terry, Patti and Bernhardt. The Vendome, under the proprietorship of Charles H. Greenleaf & Co., has been notably successful. In front is Warner’s heroic bronze statue of William Lloyd Garrison, the Abolitionist leader, erected in 1886, by the people. At 217 Commonwealth Avenue is the spacious and luxurious house of the Algonquin Club, organized in 1885, among prominent business men and bankers. The building (erected in 1888) cost $300,000; and is in the Renaissance style, of light- colored Indiana limestone, five stories high, and with 82 feet of frontage. The historic Algonquin nation included the chief New-England Indians. iNot far away, at 270 Beacon St., is the home of the University Club, .organized in 1892, of college-bred men. This palace (built as residences for the Higginson and Whittier families) has 40 rooms and halls, superbly decorated and furnished ; and overlooks the broad Charles River. Near by, at 296 Beacon St., Oliver Wendell Holmes lived and died. This house is on the much-desired water-side of Beacon St., so brightly pic- tured in Howells’s novels, and on which (at 304) the novelist once dwelt. ^ In the Back-Bay District the streets running parallel to the western border of the Public Garden are named in a simple alphabetical order, e. g., Arlington, Berkeley, Clarendon, Dartmouth, Exeter, Falmouth, Gloucester, Hereford, etc. On Exeter St., south of Commonwealth Ave- nue, are several notable places. At Newbury St. are four remarkable structures, one on each of the four corners, the South Congregational Church, the Spiritual Temple, the Normal Art School and the Prince School. The South Congregational (Unitarian) Church, with its lowly Byzantine tower, was built in 1883-84, for the Hollis-Street society, which was founded in 1730, and ministered to by Byles the Tory, Pier- pont the reformer, Starr King the patriot, and H. B. Carpenter the poet. In 1887 this society united with the South Church (founded in 1827), of which Edward E. Hale has been pastor since 1856. There are beautiful memorial windows to Pierpont and Starr King. The First Spiritual Temple, the finest of that order in the world, was built by a wealthy Boston merchant, at a cost of $250,000, in 1885. It is a curious Romanesque stone edifice, with delicate carvings, several halls, organ, library, parlors, and frequent services. The Mass. Normal Art School is a three-story brick round-arched and high-roofed building, erected in 1886, for a State institution founded in 1873 to prepare drawing-teach- ers for the public schools. The Prince School, exemplifying German and Austrian school-construction, is one of the best of the public 153 King's ** How to See Boston.'''' schools. East of the South Church, on Newbury St., is the Horace- Mann School for the Deaf, founded in 1869, and a part of the public- school s/stem. The Harvard Medical School, on Boylston and Exeter Sts., adjoin- ing the Public Library, was founded in 1783, and in 1883 occupied this new $250, ocx) fireproof building. This noteworthy department of Harvard University, perfectly equipped, and with a wonderful museum, has 100 professors and 600 students. Alongside, on Exeter St., at Blag- den, the Boston Athletic Association (founded in 1888; 2,000 mem- bers) has a very showy and spacious house, completely equipped for swimming, billiards, bowling, tennis, racquet, handball, fencing, boxing, running, and all gymnastic uses, and with large dining-rooms. It cost $300,000. Huntington Avenue, running southwest from Copley Square, opens a fine vista to the Roxbury hills. Here are numerous hotels and apartment houses and residences, and several notable public institutions. At Hun- tington Avenue and Exeter St. is the elegant and highly modern Cop- ley-Square Hotel, one of the best constructed and most comfortably furnished hotels in the city. It was opened in 1891 by F. S. Risteen & Co., its present proprietors, who conduct it in an admirable man- ner. It is in close proximity to the Back-Bay edifices. Only a block beyond, on Huntington Avenue, is the mammoth decorated Renaissance building, erected in 1881, at a cost of $500,000, for the exhibitions of the Mass. Charitable Mechanic Association (800 members), founded in 1795, to promote inventions, advance education, and help young or distressed mechanics. Mechanics Hall seats 8,000 persons, and is the home of grand opera in Boston. Garrison St. leads thence east to the Mass. College of Pharmacy, built in 1886, with library, laboratories and cabinets ; and the Allen Gymnasium for ladies and children, with a variety of paraphernalia and baths. Farther out on the avenue is the Elysium Club (No. 218), an aristocratic Jewish social organization, founded in 1871 (house built in 1891). Beyond, one may see, at Westland Avenue, the picturesque but highly practical and useful Boston Storage Warehouse, whose huge ele- vators carry up loaded wagons, with any infinite variety of household and other goods which are placed in these fireproof and convenient ware- houses for safe keeping ; at Parker and Astor Sts., the Riding Academy, with an arena of 165x100 feet ; at Gainsborough St., the Children’s Hospital, a spacious and wisely-planned building, erected in 1882, and free to poor children of from 2 to 12 years ; and on Gainsborough St., the Church of the Messiah, the home of an Episcopal society founded at the South End in 1843. daily prayers, a surpliced choir, and free seats. The Christian Scientist Church, dedicated in 1895, pertains to the pioneer society of that faith, which was born in Boston in 1866. The church on Norway St. cost $200,000, and has some very curious and interesting traits. COPLEY-SQUARE HOTEL, F. 8. RI8TEEN & CO., PROPRIETOR8. HUNTINGTON AVENUE, NORTHEAST CORNER OF EXETER STREET. 156 King's How to See Boston,''' Beacon St., with almost interminable double lines of sombre brown- stone residences, was built across the bay from the Common to Brook- line, I *4 miles, in 1818-21, to serve as a mill-dam, to hold back at will the tidal waters for factory-power, and also for a toll-road to the west- ward. The streets on either side of the ancient mill-dam waterway are known as Charlesgate East and Charlesgate West ; and on the former is the lofty and luxurious Charlesgate, one of the finest of the grand apart- ment-houses for which the Back Bay is famous. Massachusetts Avenue (partly old West Chester Park) is a fine thor- oughfare several miles long, from near the harbor, in Dorchester, across the South End, to the Harvard Bridge, a very long structure (traversed by street-cars) across the Charles River from Beacon St. to Cambridge. Near the entrance to the bridge, at Beacon St. and Massachusetts Avenue, is the Mount- Vernon Congregational Church, dating from 1892, with triple-arched portal, rose-window, square tower, and open timbered roof. S. E. Herrick is pastor. The Back- Bay District was gained from the salt-water tides by filling in, mainly between 1857 and 1887, the land-sales giving the State a profit of $3, 500, 000 above costs. The street-plan was designed by Arthur Gilman, the architect. It is one of the finest residence-quarters in the world, show- ing an edifying variety of architecture and materials, careful and delicate detail work, wrought iron, tiles, stained glass and fine carvings. The grand residences include the gray-brick house of John E. Andrew, the War- Governor’s son, at Commonwealth Avenue and Fairfield St. ; the Proctor house, at 273 Commonwealth Avenue ; and the browm-stone Renaissance house of ex-Gov. Ames, at Commonwealth and Massachusetts Avenues. Hundreds of these beautiful homes on the spacious, sunny, airy and quiet street may well be observed with care. Many of these houses and churches (especially Emmanuel, Trinity, the First Baptist, the Art Club, and “doctors’ row,” on Boylston St.) are richly adorned with Boston ivy {ainphelopsis Veitchii), a hardy Japanese climbing plant introduced here about 1870. The Back- Bay Fens, formed at a cost of nearly $3,000,000, is a unique park of 100 acres, reproducing a sea-coast creek and shore, with sedgy banks, meadows, clumps of trees and shrubbery, fine bridges, and magnificent driveways, amid the highly artificial and finished surround- ings of a splendid metropolis. Across this quaint plaisance appear the spires and towers of Longwood, Brookline and Cambridge, the house- crowned crest of Corey Hill, and the remote blue hills of Middlesex. The Fens is the beginning of an unbroken series of parks and parkways, extending south several miles to the great Franklin Park, and thence to be prolonged by the Strand way, etc., to the Marine Park on the seaward point of South Boston. These City Parks will no doubt be connected at various points by grand boulevards with the whole Metropolitan Park System. Street-cars from Charlesgate, or Harvard Bridge, soon lead back to the busy Tremont-St. side of the Common. 148 King's How to See Boston^ 9 roof, and the rich stained-glass windows, the shepherds of Bethlehem « (east), the five parables (south), and the five miracles (north). The j chapel and parsonage adjoin the church, on the west. Geo. A. Gordon \ has been pastor since 1 884. On Boylston St. in the block east of the Old South is the Chauncy- ^ Hall School, the leading private school in Boston, founded in 1828, where Parkman, Ellis, Weiss and other famous men studied. Adjoining on the east is the Second Church, of brownstone, built in 1874 for a Congrega- tional parish founded at the North End, and Unitarian for nearly a century past, and among whose pastors were the three Mathers, Ralph Waldo Emerson, R. L. Collier, and E. A. Horton. The Boston Art Club, immediately north of the Old South, at Dart- mouth and Newbury Sts., founded in 1854, in 1882 opened an artistic Romanesque house, with rich decorations, and a fine art-gallery wherein ! public exhibitions are frequent. Just opposite rises the battlemented front of the Hotel Victoria, a fashionable European-plan house, whose cafe is sometimes called “the Delmonico’s of Boston.” Commonwealth Avenue, the handsomest thoroughfare in America, runs from the Public Garden to and across the Back-Bay Fens, and thence by Chestnut Hill across Brookline and Newton to Auburndale. It is 240 feet wide, from house to house, the middle being occupied by a continuous mall, with lawns and trees, paths and seats. The mall con- J tains : near Arlington St., Dr. Rimmer’s granite statue of Alexander Hamilton, given by T. Lee in 1865 ; near the First Baptist Church, Milmore’s heroic bronze statue of Gen. Glover, of the Marblehead Con- tinental Regiment, given by B. T. Reed in 1875 > seated Garrison statue ; and, at the entrance to the Fens, Anne Whitney’s heroic and ideal bronze statue of Leif Ericsson, the Norse Viking, who is by some sup- posed to have sailed from Iceland and landed in Massachusetts, A. D. 1000. The sturdy young sea-king wears a casque, a shirt of mail, and sandals. There is a galley-prow pedestal ; and reliefs, showing Leifs landing, and his narrating his discoveries to friends in a Norse banquet-hall. The First Baptist Church, a massive and fortress-like Roxbury-stone edifice, at Commonwealth Avenue and Clarendon St., was built in 1873, by H. H. Richardson, for the Brattle-square Unitarian Society (founded 1699 ; dissolved 1876), and in 1882 was acquired by the First Baptist : society (founded in 1665). Its chief feature is the majestic bell-tower, 176 feet high, with an upper belt of colossal sculptures designed by Bartholdy, and representing Baptism, Communion, Marriage, and Death, with the angels of the judgment at the angles blowing golden trumpets. The interior has rose-windows and a basilica roof. The tower is so beautiful that a number of gentlemen bought the empty church in 1881, with the idea of tearing down the main building and replacing it with a little park, out of which the tower should rise alone, like an Italian cam- panile. Among the First Baptist pastors were Stillman, Neale (1847-77), Wayland and Moxom. MARLBOROUGH AVE BOSTON’S PARK SYSTEM. BEACON HILL AND THE WEST END. B eacon hill has no street-cars, and may comfortably be traversed on foot, ascending Beacon St. from Tremont, or Pemberton Square from Scollay Square. At Beacon and Somerset Sts. rises the faced-granite building erected about 1815 for a dwelling, afterwards occupied by the Somerset Club (1852-72), and since 1873 the Congregational House, “the Vatican of Congregationalism,” the headquarters of various power- ful Puritan societies. The A. B. C. F. M. museum is well worth seeing, with its obsolete gods; and the handsome library hall, with its 30,000 books, and 180,000 pamphlets. The Co 7 igregationalist and The Literary World are published here. The American Peace Society, founded in 1828, from this corner fights against wars. The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, with its main offices here, since 1812 has sent out 800 consecrated men to all parts of the earth, and established thousands of churches and schools, and powerful native ministries. Roberts Bros.’ publishing house is at 3 Somerset St. The noted school-book publishers, Ginn & Co., have their headquarters at Nos. 7-13 Tremont Place, close to the Granary Burial-Ground. Boston University, down Somerset St., is the headquarters of a co- educational Methodist institution, founded in 1869, with medical and musical schools at the South End, theological and liberal-arts schools. EMANCIPATION STATUE. PROVIDENCE STATION. PARK SQUARE, COLUMBUS AVENUE AND PROVIDENCE STREET. 159 King's How to See Boston,^'* and a law-school (with 340 students) close by, at 10 Ashburton Place. The University has 1,300 students, and assets of ^1,600,000. W. F. Warren is president. On the Somerset site stood Dr. Neale’s First Bap- tist Church, whose sharp, slender and conspicuous spire won for it the popular name of “The Church of the Holy Toothpick.” Just beyond, in Ashburton Place, stands the old Mount-Vernon Church (now aban- doned), where Dr. E. N. Kirk preached from 1842 to 1874, and D. L, Moody was converted. Farther down, at No. 18 Somerset St. (the Court House is on the right) stands the building of the New-England Historic Genealogical Society, incorporated in 1845, '^'"bose library of 24,000 vol- umes is open daily from nine to five to persons interested in antiquarian studies. The Boston Athenaeum, at 10^ Beacon St., is a beautiful and spacious Palladian building, erected, of Paterson brownstone, in 1847-49, for a literary society incorporated in 1807, and now owning this costly place and its library of 180,000 books, and many precious paintings and sculp- tures. There are about 1,000 share-holders, whose families may draw out books ; and although it is not a public library, scholars and strangers are courteously welcome to inspect the rooms, and sometimes to read and study here (except in the newspaper-room). The main hall, on the second floor, looking out on the trees of the Granary Burial-Ground, is a delightful place for read- ing and contemplation. The library of George Washington is preserved in this building. The librarian is Wm. C. Lane. Here, also, are the rooms and library of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, a world-renowned society of scholars, founded in 1780, with members all over the country. Among them were Frank- lin, Bowdoin, Hancock and John Adams. Opposite, a narrow alley leads behind the lofty Bellevue (formerly Dio Lewis’s) hotel to the Freeman-Place Chapel, built half a century ago by James Freeman Clarke’s church, and now the unique book-store of Charles C. Soule. The Unitarian Building, at 25 Beacon St., corner of Bowdoin, dates from 1886, and is a fine specimen of massive Roman-palace architecture, in rusticated brownstone. It is the headquarters of the chief Unitarian societies in America. Here stood Gov. Bowdoin’s mansion, and Bur- goyne’s headquarters. Bowdoin St. leads in a few steps from Beacon St. to Dr. Reed’s New- Jerusalem Church, built in 1845, '''^th a fine Gothic interior and memorial window ; and then descends the hill to the Mission Church of St. John the Evangelist, a grim granite battlemented structure, LINCOLN, OR EMANCIPATION STATUE, PARK SQUARE. BEACON STREET, PUBLIC GARDEN AND BACK BAY DISTRICT VIEW LOOKING SOUTHWEST FROM THE STATE HOUSE. i 62 King's How to See Bos tony built for Dr. Lyman Beecher’s Congregationalists, and now for many years owned and occupied by the English Episcopal “Cowley Fathers,” who go about the streets in long black robes, and do a vast amount of good among the poor — and the rich. Their frequent services are High Anglican. Father Hall, the Bishop of Vermont, was rector here. The General Theological Library, an unsectarian collection of 20,000 volumes, founded in i860, is at 53 Mount-Vernon St., not far from the State House. It is largely used by country ministers, who may take books home. The State House occupies the terraced crest of Beacon Hill, facing the Common. It was built in Sam. Adams’s governorship, in 1795-98, on John Hancock’s cow-pasture (bought for $4,000), with Bulfinch as architect. Crowning the highest point of Old Boston, it is a very noble landmark from distant points on sea and land. The high dome was covered in 1874 with sheets of pure gold-leaf (renewed since), and may thus be recognized, shining brightly, from leagues away in the coast and rural counties. Many people ascend to the top of the dome, which com- mands an incomparable view of the island-studded harbor and blue sea, the city and suburbs, and the far-away mountains, Wachusett, Monad- nock, etc. Dr. Holmes has said : “Boston State House is the Hub of the solar system.” The new State-House Extension, much larger than the original building, and of finer materials, but similar architecture, stretches northward. It was built in 1890-95, at a cost (with land) of $5,000,000, with fine marble colonnades, and a central courtyard. The chief feature is the Representatives’ Hall, in Italian Renaissance archi- tecture, elliptical, with mahogany finish, Corinthian columns, a domed ceiling of glass, frescoes by Frank Hill Smith, and the famous wooden codfisn, five feet long, hung up in 1784, in the place of one placed in the Representatives’ Hall before 1730. The fish is emblematic of one of the chief sources of the wealth of Massachusetts. The State Library, of 90,000 volumes, has a spacious reading-room, whose balcony overlooks the crowded northern suburbs. This was the first State library in America. It contains some interesting portraits. The book-shelves are of steel. The entrance-halls are noble in aspect ; and the stair-rails show some fine work in wrought iron. Here may be seen nearly 300 flags of the State troops in the War for the Union, very sacredly guarded ; Sir Francis Chantrey’s esteemed statue of Washington, set up in 1828 ; Ball’s excellent portrait-statue of John A. Andrew, the War Governor, erected in 1871, at a cost of $io,cx)o; busts of Washington, Lincoln, Sumner, and Vice-President Wilson ; the venerable portraits of dignitaries, in the handsome old-fashioned Senate Chamber ; weapons and trophies from Lexington and Bennington ; and other interesting pictures and antiquities. On the outside terrace stands Powers’s statue of Webster, given by popu- lar subscription in i860, and Emma Stebbins’s statue of Horace Mann, the educator, given by the school-children in 1869. In the grounds was the site of the Beacon (from 1634 to 1789), an iron cage filled with com- bustibles, whose firing would alarm the distant towns, and call out their King's ^^Hozu to See Boston.''' ; stood just east of the middle of the Extension, on the old St., where Sentry Hill rose then 8o feet above the present : same Beacon- Hill ridge had two other sharp peaks. Cotton feet over Pemberton Square, and Mount Vernon, where Louis- ^uare is. This three-spired ridge was the ancient Tri?no 7 ttaine, or ^Tra 77 iount. On Beacon St., just west of the State House, a tablet on the fence before two pretentious brownstone dwellings marks the site of the gardens and the splendid and hospitable home of John Han- cock, built in 1737 and torn down in 1863, in the face of a storm of popular dissent. The Diocesan House, at Beacon and Joy Sts., the headquarters of Mass. Episcopalianism, was dedi- cated in 1892, and has the offices of several im- portant societies and the archives of the diocese. At Beacon and Walnut Sts., Wendell Phillips was born, in the then out-of-town house of his father, Boston’s first mayor, afterwards occupied by Eieut-Gov. T. L. Winthrop, father of R. C. Win- throp. Motley lived on Walnut St. The Somerset Club, the most aristocratic and exclusive in Boston, has since 1872 occupied the ivy-clad, double swell-front, white stone house at 42 Bea- con St., built by David Sears for his home. It is on the site of the far-viewing house of J. S. Copley, the famous portrait-painter, who owned 1 1 acres hereabouts, and sold the property for $18,550. Copley, though a patriot, moved to England in 1774 and died in 1813; and his son (born here) became Lord Lyndhurst, one of the noblest chancellors of Great Britain. Harrison Gray Otis lived in the double house next west of the Sears house ; and Judge Cushing next east. The Puritan Club, founded in 1884, in 1889 occupied the old Amory mansion at Beacon and Spruce Sts.; and is made up of young professional men. At 55 Beacon St., not far from Charles St., a double swell-front, with balconies on pillars, William H. Prescott the historian dwelt in 1845-59, and wote The Co 7 i~ quest of Peru and Philip //, while nearly blind. It was here that he died. CENTRAL CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH, BERKELEY AND NEWBURY STREETS. King's How to See Boston,"''' 165 The six blocks of Beacon St. west of the State House face on the grand Beacon-St. Mall of Boston Common, planted from funds left over after fortifying the harbor in 1812. Charles St. (with cars), running north from the foot of Beacon St. to the West End, was reclaimed from the water. Here stands James T. Fields’s house (No. 148), inhabited by his widow, with whom Sarah Orne Jewett often dwells ; and Aldrich long abode near by. Chestnut St., crossing Charles St., is a venerable way, leading up the hill, by the R. H. Dana (No. 43), Parkman (No. 50), Bartol (No. 17), Edwin Booth, and Bishop- Paddock houses ; and also along the riverward levels to the left (because of its many stables, there called Horse- Chestnut St.) to the com- modious Swiss house and floats of the Union Boat Club, founded in 1851, and including 150 amateur oars- men. The swell colored peo- ple’s church of Boston be- gan in 1836, and in 1877 bought from the white Bap- tists the venerable Charles- Street Church, which it now occupies, with 400 Methodist communicants. The Home for Aged Women, founded in 1849, is an excellent insti- tution, at 108 Revere St. Mount- Vernon St., from Charles St., climbs Beacon Hill to the State House, past scores of ancient mansions, embowered among gardens and trees. Here dwelt Chan- ning, Aldrich, Webster, C. F. Adams, Gov. Claflin, Jus- tice Gray, Margaret Deland, and Anne Whitney. At the corner of West Cedar St. is the home and unique library of the Harvard Musical Association, founded in 1837, and formerly famous for its sym- phony concerts, as well as for planning the erection of Music Hall. The Boston-University School of Theology occupies the fine building at 72 Mount- Vernon St. It is the oldest Methodist theological institution in America, having been founded in 1847. FIRST CHURCH (UNITARIAN) BERKELEY AND MARLBOROUGH STREETS. i66 Kin^s How to See Bo stony Louisburg Square was laid out in 1834, where Blackstone’s spring flowed two centuries before. In this quaint old enclosure stand little Italian marble statues of Aristides and Columbus, presented by lasigi, the Turkish consul, in 1849-52. At the Pinckney-St. corner is the house and hospital of the Episcopal Sisterhood of St. Margaret, with a fine chapel. Whipple, the essayist, lived at 1 1 Pinckney St. The Church of the Advent, at Mount Vernon and Brimmer Sts., near Charles River, was built in 1878-83, for an Episcopal parish founded in 1844, in accord with the Puseyite doctrines of the Anglo-Catholic re- vival, and mainly for active free-church work among the poor. It is the foremost High church in the city, with many ceremonial services, and superb music by a large surpliced male choir (aided by Symphony- MASS. INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BOYLSTON STREET, EAST OF CLARENDON STREET. Orchestra artists at festivals, in Gounod’s and other mass-music). The church and chapel walls inside are of brick and stone ; the lofty rood- screen of wrought iron ; and the storied windows of imported stained glass. The reredos is a very beautiful work, presented in 1890. Father Grafton, now Bishop of Fond du Lac, held the rectorate for many years. The Mass. Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary, at 176 Charles St., was founded in 1824, and has done a world of good, with State aid and private munificence. Cambridge St. is a long and heterogeneous thoroughfare, from the bridge leading to Cambridge (traversed by street-cars) back east to Bow- doin Square. Charlesbank includes the shore from this bridge to Craigie’s Bridge, and is a charming water-side park for the crowded poor King's How to See Bostoji."" 167 region adjacent, with trees and shrubberies, walks and lawns, seats and landings, and admirable public gymnasiums for men and women, and children’s playgrounds and sandcourts. Back of Charles St. rise the cold gray walls of the Suffolk-County Jail, built in 1851, at a cc c of $450,000. Each cell-floor is a single block of stone, and so is eac.i roof. It is a place of detention, of short-term confinements, and (rarely) of executions. Northeast, at the foot of North Grove St., is the Harvard Dental School, where Prof. Webster murdered Dr. Parkman, in 1849. Just north, with entrance on Blossom St., are the spacious tree-shaded grounds and dignified classic buildings and modern pavilions of the Mass. General Hospital, founded in 1 799, for the treatment (free, if needful) of American or Canadian sick persons, without infectious or chronic dis- eases. This institution is very wealthy, and employs the most eminent doctors. It has nurse- schools; and (at Waverly) a Con- valescents’ Home and the McLean Asylum for the Insane. It is well to take the street-cars from the Cambridge bridge east- ward, because Cambridge St. is unattractive. As Howells says : “Gentility fled it long ago, and middle-class houses have fallen to the grade of mechanics’ lodgings.” On the south, steep streets climb through the negro quarter up Bea- con Hill. St. Augustine’s, at 71 Phillips St., is one of the Cowley Fathers’ missions, with an open timber roof, a chime of bells, and a surpliced choir of negro men and boys. The Grand Lodge of colored Masons meets at 20 Blossom St. On Chambers St., north of Cam- bridge St., is the pretty St. Andrew’s Church, maintained by Trinity Church, and doing very useful work. The West Church, a quaint edifice at Cambridge and Lynde Sts., built in 1806, witnessed the Unitarian pastorate of Charles Lowell (father of the poet) from 1806 to 1861, and that of Cyrus A. Bartol from 1837 to 1889. society dissolved in 1889, and the building was bought by the city in 1894, for a branch library. A church tower on this site in 1737 was used as a signal-station, whence the patriots in town communi- cated wdth the Americans at Cambridge during the siege. The British tore it down. Near by, at 20 Hancock St., dwelt Charles Sumner. 1 68 King's “ How to See Boston.'''' Bowdoin Square, once embowered in trees, and the centre of rich gar- dens and estates of grand families, is now the crowded and noisy meet- ing-point of the Cambridge and other street-cars, and the Rialto of an overcrowded cosmopolitan district. The Revere House, built in 1847, and opened by Paran Stevens, in its early period, had among its guests Presidents Fillmore, Pierce, Johnson and Grant, Gens. Sherman and Sheridan, Dom Pedro, Alexis, Wales, Kalakaua, Webster, Parepa, Patti, Jenny Lind and Nilsson. Back of it is the armory of the National Lan- cers, a famous and brilliantly equipped old cavalry corps (organized in BOSTON ART CLUB, DARTMOUTH AND NEWBURY STREETS. 1836) of the M. V. M., whose pennon-bearing lances make a brave show when they escort the Governor to the Harvard Commencement every June. William Warren and Walt Whitman dwelt on Bulfinch Place. The Central Charity Bureau, on Chardon St., just north of Bowdoin Square, has three large brick buildings, the headquarters of the muni- cipal, Associated, and many private charities. Opposite the Revere is the Baptist Tabernacle, a gloomy and heavy-towered granite building, erected in 1840, before whose doors occurred the Elder-Knapp riots, when the Lancers in mounted squadrons had to clear the streets. At No. I is the Bowdoin- Square Theatre, opened in 1892, with a large stage and an ivory-and-gold auditorium. It is but a short walk to Scollay Square. THE SOUTH END. S TREET-CARS from Scollay Square and other points are continually flitting away to the vast residence-district of the South End, and across it to Roxbury and Dorchester. The chief objects accessible from each of the three main arteries, Columbus Avenue, Tremont St. and Washington St., will be narrated so as to suit any trip. Nearly all the South End is made land. The South Bay, making in from the harbor, and the Back Bay, an expansion of Charles River, nearly islanded the Boston hills, which were connected with the main land only by a narrow neck a mile long, as Nahant is. At full tides, the salt water overflowed the highway, up to the knees of the passing horses. If vessels laid up to the shore on either side, their bowsprits nearly closed the country road. The Neck began at Beach St., and reached its narrowest point at Dover St. In 1631 a detachment of Puritan men-at-arms was placed here on guard, to keep the Indians away ; and the barrier-gates were closed at evening, so that no one could go in or out. In 1710, a heavier defence was erected, with powerful guns, just south of Dover St. In 1774, the British garrison strengthened and augmented these works with redans, bastions, abattis, ponderous gates, drawbridges, a deep tide-water moat, and the 59th Regiment on guard. The Green-Store Battery, on the site of the Grand Museum, at Dover St., mounted 23 cannon ; and the advanced works near Canton St. had 26 guns and several mortars, with floating batteries covering the water -approaches. Showers of shot poured for COMMONWEALTH AVENUE, EASTWARD FROM THE VENDOME. 169 1 70 King's “ How to See Boston.''^ months from these ramparts upon Roxbury ; and many daring deeds of war were done between the Royal fortress, where Lord Percy commanded, and the American intrenchments, the famous Roxbury Lines, near Lenox St. The American advanced post was at the George Tavern, on the site of Washington Market ; the British at Brown’s farm, just south of Black- stone Square. Afterwards, the Neck was a favorite place for sportsmen, COMMONWEALTH AVENUE, WESTWARD FROM THE VENDOME. in search of sea-birds ; and Puritan guards were placed on duty to pre- vent their shooting on Sunday. In 1794, there were fewer than a score of buildings between Dover St. and Roxbury ; and in 1800, only two between the Cathedral and Roxbury. After 1850 the flats were filled up, and the convenient street-railways soon made this the favorite residence-district. Later, Fashion led the way to the newly filled Back Bay, where (and in Brookline and Milton) most of the swells and many rich persons now dwell. The South End is a broad and quiet region of pleasant homes, including miles of ivy-clad swell-fronts, and dotted with pleasant little parks, important churches and hotels, and many neighborhood retail stores. Columbus Avenue (with street-cars) runs from Park Square and Bos- ton Common nearly to Roxbury, and is being prolonged to Franklin Park. It is a noble straight street, 80 feet wide, paved with asphalt, and lined with blocks of handsome houses, diversified in material and archi- tecture, and tall apartment-hotels. Many boarding-houses are found here. Going up, the Providence freight-houses occupy the right ; and on PROVIDENCE STATION ; NEW YORK, NEW HAVEN & HARTFORD RAILROAD^ PARK SQUARE, AT THE BEGINNING OF COLUMBUS AVENUE. 172 King's ‘ ‘ How to See Boston. ” the other side rises the long castellated granite armory of the First Corps of Cadets, M. V. M., an aristocratic four-company battalion of first- families young men, organized in 1741, and once commanded by John Hancock. It fought in the Rhode-Island campaign of 1778; and fur- nished hundreds of officers in the War for the Union. Berkeley St., from the South End to the Back Bay, has its four Columbus- Avenue corners well occupied : one by the Hoffman House (apartments); another by the People’s Church, a Methodist institution, JOHN GLOVER. — COMMONWEALTH AVENUE. — ALEXANDER HAMILTON. built in 1879-84, and giving free seats to over 3,000 persons ; a third by the First Presbyterian Church, with its spire ; and the fourth by The Youth's Companion., an immense and impressive brownstone building, erected in 1892 exclusively for its own use. This journal was founded in 1827, by the father of N. P. Willis and Fanny Fern ; and has had among its contributors Whittier and Parkman, Howells and Trowbridge, Lords Lome and Lytton, Froude and Muller, Lubbock and Black, and virtu- ally the whole list of noted authors of our time. It is the foremost family literary paper in the world, with a circulation exceeding 540,000 copies. The adjacent beautiful white marble building was erected for the Pope Manufacturing Co.’s immense bicycle trade, which extends all over the world. Bicycling was first practically brought into America by Col. Albert A. Pope, of Boston, as recently as 1877, and the enormous POPE BUILDING, POPE MANUFACTURING CO., << COLUMBIA CYCLES. COLUMBUS AVENUE, WEST SIDE, BETWEEN BERKELEY AND CLARENDON STREETS. Kmg's How to See Boston.'''' development of this ubiquitous and indispensable means of locomotion is due to the able and energetic methods which he inaugurated. The Second Universalist Church, on Columbus Avenue and Claren- don St., just beyond the Albany- Railroad bridge and station, is a high- spired stone building, with rich stained-glass windows. Hosea Ballou (from 1817 to 1852) and E. H. Chapin were pastors of this church ; and A. A. Miner has held the office since 1848. At Columbus Avenue and Dartmouth St. is \Vm. J. Conklin’s apothecary store, a widely known pharmacy which supplies drugs, medi- cines and toilet articles to the thousands of neighboring families. The furnishings and fittings are said to be the most elaborate and costly of any drug store in this city. Dartmouth St. leads on the left to the Normal and Rice Training School, where the Boston school-teachers are educated ; and on the right past the Reformed Episcopal Church (built in 1882-83) to Copley Square. West Canton St. leads left to the Warren-Avenue Baptist Church, built in 1865, for a society founded in Baldwin Place, at the North End, in 1743. Baron Stow and G. F. Pentecost were pastors here. The Church of the Disciples, just off Columbus Avenue, on Warren Avenue, was founded in 1841, as a free and social Unitarian society, in which the members should take active part. This brick build- ing, eccentric in shape, dates from 1869. James Freeman Clarke held the pastorate in 1841-88 ; C. G. Ames, since. The Union Church, at Columbus Avenue and West Newton St., is a very picturesque ivy-clad building, of Roxbury stone, well-set amid lawns. It was founded in 1822, in Essex St.; and the present building arose in 1869. Nehemiah Adams was pastor from 1834 to 1878. N. Boynton is pastor now. East of the church, on West Newton St., is the Home for Little Wanderers (formerly in Baldwin Place), an unsectarian institution for sheltering and educating homeless children. Farther out, we cross the LEIF ERICSSON STATUE, BACK-BAY PARK. 176 King's ‘ ‘ How to See Boston. ” grand Massachusetts Avenue. Just beyond is the Temple Adath Israel, a Jewish shrine founded in 1885. Across Northampton St. is the piano- factory erected by the man who was once toasted as “Jonas Chickering, like his pianos, Grand, Square, and Upright.” This mammoth factory occupies the whole square from Columbus Avenue to Tremont St., and from Northampton to Camden Sts. The making of pianos in this country was begun by Jonas Chickering, who was not only the pioneer, but by nature constituted to found and develop the world-famous industry which has been continued so creditably and successfully for almost three score and ten years. The principle of producing only the finest possible instruments has made the Chickering name a household word in all civdlized lands. Tremont St. traverses the South End, about midway between Colum- bus Avenue and Washington St. After leaving the Common it passes near Van Rensselaer Place, with its French restaurants, the Hollis-St. Theatre, the Chil- dren’s Mission to the Chil- dren of the Destitute (277 Tremont St.), and the Y. W. C. A. (66 Warrenton St.). Just beyond the crossing of the Albany Railroad is the splendid new Castle-Square Theatre, between Appleton and Chandler Sts., opened in 1894. A short distance east on Middlesex St. is the Turner headquarters and German theatre; beyond which rises the tall spire of the German Catholic Church of the Holy Trinity, on Shaw- mut Avenue. The School of Veterinary ^ledicine of Harvard University, at Vil- lage and Lucas Sts., has an interesting hospital for sick horses, dogs and cattle. Odd-Fellows’ Hall, at Tremont and Berkeley Sts., is a handsome and spacious four-story white-granite structure, erected in 1871-72, and occupied by encampment, banquet and lodge halls. Near by stood the immense brick Moody-and-Sankey Tabernacle, in 1877. Berkeley Temple lifts its tall telescopic spire at Berkeley St. and War- ren Avenue. It is a Congregational institutional church, busy in religion ALGONQUIN CLUB, 217 COMMONWEALTH AVENUE. 178 King's How to See Boston.'^'' and benevolence every day of the week, with trusty bands of trained volunteer helpers. The society was founded in Pine St. in 1827, and has had H. M. Dexter and W. B. Wright for pastors. C. A. Dickinson now leads it. The Young Women’s Christian Association has at 40 Berkeley St. its large and handsome main house (with a boarding-house for 250 on War- renton St. ), with hall, gymnasium and library, and many classes for indus- trial and literary instruction. This powerful society pro- tects young working-women, and furnishes them low- priced board, and many com- forts and entertainments. Paine Memorial Hall, on Appleton St., near Tremont, commemorates Thomas Paine, patriot and infideh James Lick of California gave $i8,cxx) towards it. Parker Memorial Hall, alongside, at Berkeley St., honors Theo- dore Parker, radical reformer and scholarly divine, and be- longs to the Benevolent Fra- ternity of Churches. The Clarendon- St. Bap- tist Church, with its brick spire, is close at hand, where Tremont crosses Clarendon St. It was founded in Fed- eral St., in 1827 ; and the late A. J. Gordon was its pastor for many years. The English High and Latin School, next to the church,* on Warren Avenue, extending through to Montgomery St., is the largest and costliest public-school building in the world. It was built in 1877-81, in modern Renaissance architecture, at a cost of $750,000 ; with 48 class-rooms, several assembly-halls, laboratories, libraries, memorial statuary, a spacious gymnasium, and an immense and handsome drill-hall, with Calked thick plank floors laid on concrete. The Latin School, founded in 1634, has the Warren- Avenue front ; and the English High School, founded in 1821, has the Montgomery-St. front. Each street-front of the great quadrangle includes three pavilions, with decorations in terra cotta. The pleasant Union Park leads thence to the Catholic Cathedral on Washington St., passing the fashionable Synagogue Ohabei Shalom (founded in 1843), occupying the building which formerly was E. E. Hale’s South Church. ENGLISH HIGH AND LATIN SCHOOL FOR BOYS. WARREN AVENUE /CND MONTGOMERY STREET, BETWEEN CLARENDON AND DARTMOUTH STREETS. i8o King's How to See Boston,'''' The Shawmut Congregational Church, at Tremont and Brookline Sts. has a lofty Lombardic clock-tower, and rich interior. The society dates from 1849 j building from 1864. E.B.Webb was pastor in 1860-85 ; and W. E. Griffis in 1886-93. Brookline St. leads right to the Church of the Disciples and near the Warren-Avenue Baptist Church ; and left to the Every-Day Church, a noble Universalist religious, benevolent and educa- tional institutional society, near Blackstone Square. West Newton St. leads right to the Union Church and the Mechanics’ Fair Building and the Back Bay ; and left to the radical Unitarian Church of the Unity, a gray classic temple, built in 1861, where M. J. Savage has been pastor since 1874. On West Newton St. is the Girls’ High School and Girls’ Latin School, a large brick building with 66 rooms, and a hall adorned with many statues. At 59 West Newton St., in the old St. Mark’s Church, is the armory of Battery A, Light Artillery, M. V. M. The Tremont-St. Metho- dist Church, at West Con- cord St., is a handsome Gothic building of Roxbury stone, designed by Hammatt Billings, and erected in 1862. It has two spires, and spac- ious and pleasant grounds. On Camden St. is the home of the Scots’ Charitable So- ciety, founded in 1657. The Boston B a s e - b a 1 1 Grounds are entered by Wal- pole St., from Tremont, and attract enormous crowds to the match-games, when the local club (founded in 1871) is in town. Many ladies watch these exciting games from the grand stand. Washington St. continues to be, as it has been for cen- turies, the main route through the South End. Soon after leaving Boylston St. it crosses Eliot St., up which the Providence station appears on the right ; and Kneeland St., on the left, leading to the Albany and Old-Colony stations, and near the great Catholic church of St. James, on Harrison Avenue, with its Aberdeen-granite colonnaded basilica interior. Next, Hollis St. leads on the right to the Hollis-St. Theatre ; and Bennet' St. diverges left to the central Boston Dispensary. At 37 Common St. Wendell King's How to See Boston^ i8i Phillips spent his last years ; and on Warrenton St. is the Y. W. C. A. Pleasant St. leads on the right to the Providence station, and left to South Boston. At Washington and Motte Sts. is the first-class Columbia Theatre, opened in 1891, in the walls of the old Catholic Pro-Cathe- dral, and adorned with a Moorish front of yellow brick and terra cotta. To the right is the tall-spired Church of the Holy Trinity ; and down Florence St. appears the Episcopal Mission Church of St. Stephen. At 987 Washington St. is the building erected in 1883 for the Wells Me- morial Working Men’s Club and Institute, with a casino, English coffee- house, g\’mnasium, rooms for reading, billiards, games, talking, classes and entertainments, a savings-bank, and classes for drawing, debating, singing and dramatic art. Each member pays ^13. year. It was founded MASSACHUSETTS NORMAL ART SCHOOL, EXETER AND NEweURY STREETS. by wealthy men, as a memorial to Father E. M. P. Wells, for 30 years Episcopal city missionary. The site of the ancient ramparts is at Dover St., which runs to South Boston, across Fort-Point Channel. A little way beyond is the Grand Opera House, a spacious and inexpensive popu- lar theatre, built in 1888. The Cathedral of the Holy Cross, at Washington and Malden Sts., looms over the small houses about it with sombre and grandiose effect. It is the largest Catholic church in New England ; and in size surpasses most of the European cathedrals. It is 364 feet long, and 1 70 feet wide at the transepts, covering over an acre, with a nave 120 feet high. The material is Roxbury stone ; and the style a severe Early English Gothic. King's ‘ ‘ Hoiv to See Boston. 182 The main spire is to be 300 feet high. The Cathedral was built in 1867- 75. The impressive character of the vast interior, where lines of bronzed metal columns uphold a clerestory and a rich roof of wood mosaics, is heightened by many brilliant stained-glass windows. Those in the tran- septs cover 800 sq. ft. each, and represent the Finding of the True Cross, and the Exaltation of the Cross by the Emperor Heraclius ; and the chancel windows, over the exquisite marble altar, show forth the Nativity, Crucifixion and Ascension. The western rose-window is near the great organ, with its 5,292 pipes. The beautiful Chapel of the FIRST SPIRITUAL TEMPLE, EXETER AND NEWBURY STREETS. Blessed Sacrament contains the altar from the old Cathedral on Franklin St. Beneath the nave are burial-vaults for the hierarchy. The Arch- bishop’s (Williams) mansion and offices adjoin the Cathedral on Union- Park St. In front stands Buyens’s bronze statue of Columbus, dedi- cated in 1892, a duplicate of one in San Domingo. Franklin Square and Blackstone Square, crossed by Washington St. beyond the Cathedral, cover 5 acres, with lawms and trees, fountains. King's How to See Boston.''' 183 paths and benches, the delight of the dense surrounding populations. The New-England Conservatory of Music occupies the former St. -James Hotel, on Franklin Square, with concert, practice, and reading rooms, library, parlors, and boarding accommodations for hundreds of girl- students. It has 16 separate schools, or departments, forming a general college of culture, with 100 instructors and nearly 1,700 pupils, from many countries. Dr. Eben Tourjee founded the Conservatory in 1867. South of the building is the South Burying-Ground, established in 1810. The Church of the Immaculate Conception, close by, on Harrison Ave., near Newton St., is a fine classic granite structure, erected by the Jesuits in 1857-61, with a brilliant white interior, long Ionic colonnades, and many statues and paintings. The music is famed for high excellence. PUBLIC LIBRARY. MEDICAL SCHOOL. ATHLETIC CLUB. COPLEY'SQUARE HOTEL. HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL, BOYLSTON AND EXETER STREETS. Adjoining on the north, on Harrison Avenue, is the plain brick Boston Col- lege, a Jesuit school for 400 boys, dedicated in i860 ; and opposite rises the Home for Destitute Catholic Children, conducted by the Sisters of Charity. At Concord and Thorn Sts. are the Mass. Homoeopathic Hos- pital (built in 1876-9^, the largest in America) and the Medical School of Boston University (founded in 1873 > ^ 7 ^ students), a group of commo- dious modern brick buildings, amid pleasant grounds. Across Stoughton St. rises the spacious East Armory, built in 1891, and the headquarters of the Ninth Regiment, M. V. M., made up of Irishmen. It lost 258 men by death in the War for the Union. 184 King's How to See Boston.'*' The Boston City Hospital, on Harrison Avenue, at the foot of Worces- ter Square, has a handsome Administration Building, with colonnaded front and high dome, connected by corridors with several spacious pavil- ions, amid pleasant grounds. It is for sick or injured Bostonians, needing temporary relief ; with free treatment for the poor. One of the large detached buildings is for infectious diseases. This institution cost nearly $1,000,000, and was opened in 1864. It employs 70 physicians. Its superintendent is Dr. Geo. H. M. Rowe. The Langham Hotel, at Washington and Worcester Sts., is a very spacious marble house, used mainly by families, for long sojourns. A short distance beyond, Washington St. crosses Massachusetts Avenue (late Chester Park), the grand route from Dorchester across the Back Bay over the Harvard Bridge via Cambridge, past Harvard University, and through Arlington to Lexington. This Avenue, recently made b y renaming various old streets is twenty miles or more in length, with many right- angled turns, forming one of the longest and most interesting thoroughfares in New England. Shaw- mut Avenue, almost parallel to Washington St. and to the eastward of Tremont St., from which it branches in the vicinity of Hollis and Warrenton Sts., runs to the Highlands. This is a good point at which to turn backward into the city, walk- ing through the pleasant old Chester Square (the Nankeen Square of Howells’s novels) to Shawmut Ave. or Tremont St. or Columbus Ave., and returning thereon by street-cars. Walt Whitman says that : “The New-England metropolis of to-day may be described as sunny, joyous, receptive, full of ardor, sparkling, a certain element of yearning, magnificently tolerant, yet not to be fooled, fond of good eating and drinking — costly in costume as its purse can buy; and all through its best average of houses, streets, people, that subtle something which effuses behind the whirl of animation, study, business, a happy and joyous public spirit — makes one think of the glints we get of the jolly old Greek cities.’’ BOSTON ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION, EXETER AND BLAGDEN STREETS. BOSTON CITY HOSPITAL. HARRISON AVENUE, BETWEEN CONCORD ANp SPRINGFIELD STREETS, OPPOSITE WORCESTER 6QUAR 186 THE SOUTH END. THE OLD NORTH END. T his was an aristocratic Puritan quarter, until the Irish possessed them- selves of it, and the sailors and their panderers seized the shoreward parts, so that the district became very squalid and dangerous. Latterly the Italians, Portuguese and Russians have driven out the Irish ; and the bad houses and people along the waterside have been reduced by the. police, missionaries and electric lights. Among these prolific Latin and Slav populations remain several Colonial and Provincial landmarks, in- teresting to all Americans. Hanover St. (once Orange-Tree Lane), running from Scollay Square, and traversed by many street-cars (to Chelsea Ferry, etc.), is a long and much- winding way, often widened by the city, at enormous cost. It is now broad, busy and active, with many low-priced retail stores, far from aristocracy’s haunts — indeed, “ The Bowery of Boston.” At 19 and 21 is the new extension of the Marston dining-rooms, which run through to- HARVARD BRIDGE, ACROSS THE CHARLES RIVER, BOSTON TO CAMBRIDGE. Brattle St. The popular American House, a large hotel on the American and European plans, dates from 1835, and stands on the site of Gen. Warren’s dwelling. Beyond the crossing of broad Washington St., at Union St. (at the Blue Ball) was Franklin’s home for years ; and north on Union St. stood the Green Dragon Tavern, the famous patriot ren- dezvous of Adams, Hancock, Warren, and others, which Webster called “The Headquarters of the Revolution.” The Sons of the Revolution erected a tablet on the building occupying its site (No. 84), in 1892. Back in little Marshall St. is the carved Boston Stone, set in the rear wall 187 1 88 King's '•'‘How to See Bostoft.''"' of a Hanover- Street building, and a landmark since 1737. In this now squalid alley King Louis Philippe long dwelt ; and Count Rumford served as an apprentice. Creek and Hatters’ Squares are old localities near by. Blackstone St. occupies the bed of the old Middlesex Canal and the earlier Mill Creek. Salem St. leads from Hanover St., through the Russian quarter, where Hebrew signs appear on all sides, and synagogues are seen, and UNITARIAN HOUSE. C0N8REGATI0NAI, HOUSE. ATHEN/€UM. BEACON STREET AND BOSTON ATHEN/EUM. moujik faces and costumes abound, amid the old homes of the Phipses and other grandees, the true colonial houses, often with projecting upper stories. Little Italy is the Italian settlement, numbering more than 5,000 per- sons, about North St. and North Square, where these poor but jocund Latins have two churches (in Prince St. and North Square), newspapers, banks, hotels, clubs, many shops, and a tiny theatre. North St. in Colonial days was largely occupied by wharf-heads and shipyards, and the Cross, Red-Lion, Ship, Noah’s Ark, King’s Head, and Salutation Inns. Later, it became a line of sailors’ dives, the peril- ous Whitechapel of Boston. Now, for a long way it has large commer- cial houses, and the rest of it is only squalid, not dangerous. King*s How to See Boston,'*^ 189 North Square had the Mountfort, Shaw, Holyoke, Mather and other aristocratic mansions ; Revere’s birthplace, still standing, at Nos. 19- 21 ; Pitcairn’s barracks; the beautiful estates of Gov. Hutchinson and Sir Charles and Lady Agnes (Surriage) Frankland ; the Second (Old North) Church, of the Mathers, pulled down by the British in 1775 ; and Father Taylor’s famous Bethel (now an Italian church). Close by is St. John’s parochial school where 700 girls are taught by the Sisters of Notre Dame. Before its partial redemption from rum and sirens, this region, from North to Salem Sts., and from Richmond to Fleet, was grimly called the Black Sea. Sir David Ochterlony was born on North St.; “Essex” David Porter, on Charter St. ; Mather Byles, on Tiles- ton St. ; and Charlotte Cush- man, on Richmond St. St. Stephen’s Catholic Church, at Hanover and Clark Sts., was built in 1805, for a Congregational society (the New North) founded in 1714. Beyond Harris St. (the old White-Bread Alley) is Hanover Avenue (once Methodist Alley), the site of the first Methodist church in Boston, dedicated in 1796, and often preached in (up to 1828) by Lorenzo Dow, Jesse Lee, Asbury, Hedding, Fisk and McKendree. Opposite the gas-house, on Prince St., is the brick house in which died Major Pitcairn, mortally shot at Bunker Hill, and the nephew of the discoverer of Pitcairn’s Island. Cotton Mather dwelt on the site of 298- 300 Hanover St. ; the Thoreaus (until they moved to Concord), opposite 57 Prince St. The North-End Industrial Home, at North Bennet and Salem Sts. , has nearly a score of busy and beneficent departments. At St. John the Baptist’s Church, on North Bennet St., is the shrine for the thousands of Portuguese from the Azore Islands dwelling hereabouts. It was built in 1828, by the Methodists. This locality vividly suggests polyglotical suggestions amid puritanical foundations. UNITARIAN BUII-OING, BEACON AND BOWOCHN STREETS. 190 King's ‘ ‘ How to See Boston. " At Hanover and North Bennet Sts. is the Boston Baptist Bethel, opened in 1864 in a church built in 1838, on the site w’here Samuel Mather and John Murray preached. Copp’s Hill, the crest of the North End, in 1632 sustained the wind- mill for grinding corn ; and in 1775 the British battery which destroyed Charlestown stood here. The burial-ground dates from 1659, and is a peaceful spot, overlooking Charles River, and containing the tombs of the noted Mather family, the Eliots, Grays, Lincolns, Snellings, Sigourneys, and others. Some of them bear the marks of British musket-balls, when this w'as a garrison target-field. The new North-End Park extends from the hill of graves towards the harbor. The streets about the burial- ground have little service, and grass waves over their pavements. The ASHBURTON PLACE, STATE-HOUSE EXTENSION AND THE OLD MT. -VERNON CHURCH. houses, mainly owned by their occupants, are humble but neat. The burial-ground is open from 8 to 12, and from i to 6.30 daily, and all day Sunday. Descriptive pamphlets are sold, and the purchasers are shown around. Christ Church, at Salem and Hull Sts., near the burial-ground, is the oldest in town, having been built in 1723 ; and has a quaint interior, with an organ-case imported from London in 1759, a large clock set up in 1 740, cherubim given by an old Provincial privateer, the first monument erected to the memory of Washington ; communion-plate, a Vinegar Bible, and other articles given in 1733 by King George II.; the upper “slaves’ gallery”; and 33 subterranean vaults, many of which were occu- pied by dead British officers after Bunker Hill. From the tower window King^s “ How to See Boston y 19 1 over the clock looking up Hull St., Paul Revere’s alarm-lights were hung out, and started the Midnight Ride; and Gen. Gage witnessed the battle of Bunker Hill. The tower contains a melodious chime of eight bells, cast at Gloucester, England, in 1744, and inscribed “ We are the first peal of bells cast for the British Empire in North America.” They are often rung in chimes, in hymn or ballad tunes ; and also (which is quite different) in peals, by a society of English peal-ringers. The Episcopal Church keeps up its service here, amid a careless foreign population. The Endicott-St. region, crowded with the homes of the poor, is dominated by the enormous Catholic Church of St. Mary (built in 1877, at a cost of $200, 000), which has two heavy towers, each 170 feet high. Near by is Cooper St., the scene of the hardest fighting in the Draft Riots of 1863. The armory was defended by militia and reg- ular troops against the assaults and rifle-fire of a vast mob, which was finally scattered by JOHN A. ANDREW, STATE HOUSE. discharges of grape-shot from the artillery. KINO'S CHAPEL ( UNITARIAN 5, TREMONT AND SCHOOL STREETS. THE HARBOR FRONT. S TREET-CARS leave Scollay Square for the northern depots every minute. The Lowell station, 700 feet long, built of brick and Nova-Scotia stone, in 1871, has a great double-towered and Louvre- domed head-house containing a lofty marble-paved waiting-hall, and a many-tracked train-house, whose arch spans 120 feet. The Lowell route to New Hampshire, Vermont and Canada was chartered in 1830, and leased by the Boston & Maine Railroad in 1887. The Union Station of all the northern lines, finished in 1894, is conspicuous for its immense granite entrance-arch, one of the grandest in America, and suggested by HORACE MANN - STATE HOUSE -- DANIEL WEBSTER. a Roman triumphal arch. It is 45 feet high, with Ionic columns at the sides. The Eastern Division, chartered in 1836, and leased by the B. & M. in 1883, I'caches the coast cities and beaches, Marblehead, Gloucester, Portsmouth, Portland, and the MTiite Mts. The Western Division, chartered in 1833, runs by Haverhill to Portland. The B. & M. has an enormous summer-tourist business, to the beaches and the White Mts. and all parts of the Maine coast and forest. A short distance southwestward from the Union Station, at the corner of Sudbury and Friend Sts., is the well-known carriage and sleigh manu- factory of Ferd. F. French & Co., Limited, successors to William P. Sargent & Co., established in 1851. This concern has supplied the major 192 UNION RAILWAY STATION, THE "NORTHERN DEPOTS.»» CAUSEWAY STREET. Km^s ‘ ‘ How to See Boston. ” 195 part of New England’s costly and fashionable equipages of all kinds for the past few generations, and its mammoth salesrooms are filled with innumerable styles of vehicles for all purposes. It has been located at this site for 45 years, and did for a while have a branch establishment at no Tremont St., but now transacts its entire business at this one locality. Just east of the Union Station is the ancient station of the Fitchburg Railroad, chartered in 1842, and running west by the Hoosac-Tunnel route. The station is a dark four-towered granite edifice, resembling a castle, and dating from 1847. its hall, Jenny Lind gave her thrilling concerts, in 1850, under Barnum’s management. All these stations oc- cupy ground redeemed from the harbor. Commercial St., a short walk from the Fitchburg station (pass- ing near the bridge to Charlestown ), winds along the water-front around the North End in true Boston sinuosity, running N. E. , S. E. , S. and S. W. The Boston Gas Co.’s extensive works here date from 1828. This wharf is near the landing-place of Winthrop’s colonists, the colonial ferry to Charlestown and Chel- sea, and the debarking point of the 828 redcoats wounded at Bunker Hill, and their dead offi- cers. The slain soldiers were buried on the fatal hill. Passing thence, one gains glimpses up the crowded alleys and humble hill-side lanes of the North End. Following Commercial St. around the bend, we come to the North-End Park, recently constructed to afford the crowded popula- tion of this section a bright sea-viewing pleasure-place, and leading up to the venerable Copp’s-Hill Burial-Ground. Gray’s Wharf early in the century belonged to Lieut. -Gov. Billy Gray, who owned 60 square-rigged vessels, voyaging all over the watery world. Near the foot of Foster St., more than a century ago, stood Paul Revere’s cannon and bell foundry. JOHN HANCOCK’8 HOUSE, BEACON STREET. 196 Kin^s How to See Boston ” Aspinwall’s Wharf commemorates another illustrious Boston merchant. The Chelsea ferry, from the foot of Hanover St., ascends the Mystic River, with good views of the Navy Yard and East Boston. This side- trip gives one a chance to rest and enjoy the sea air and shore scenes. At Constitution Wharf, the live-oak frigate Constitution, 44, “ Old Ironsides,” the pride of the American navy, was built, in 1794-97. She was intended to fight the Algerine corsairs, and attacked Tripoli in 1803-4 ; but her most glorious services occurred in the war with Great Britain, when she captured the Guerriere, yava, Cyane, Leva 7 it, etc. Among her officers were Preble, Hull, Decatur, Bainbridge, Stewart, Macdonough, Morris, Porter, Lawrence, Ludlow and Shubrick. This ship was saved from being broken up, when Dr. Holmes begged the Navy Department to Nail to the mast her holy flag, Set every threadbare sail, And give her to the god of storms, The lightning and the gale.” At this wharf also was built the Bostoft, 28, which captured several French armed ships; and the Argils, 16, which burnt so many British prizes off the English coast that she was said to have “set the Channel all a-blaze.” Battery Wharf is near the site of the North Battery, constructed in 1646, to com- mand Charles River and the Town Cove, and kept up for more than a century. Four British regiments embarked here for the attack on Bunker Hill ; and Lord Howe left 13 cannon in the battery. The steamships for Norfolk and Baltimore sail thence. From Battery St. the North Ferry runs steamboats to East Boston every few min- utes. The spacious Lincoln’s Wharf has the steamers for Bath and the Kennebec- River ports. Union Wharf bears a line of sombre granite U. -S. bonded warehouses. Opposite Fleet St. East- ern Avenue runs to the South Ferry to East Boston, down what was once Scarlett’s church of the advent, mt. -vernon and dimmer sts. King'^s ‘ ‘ How to See Boston. 197 Wharf. Here Commercial St. flirts away into the fruit and provision district, leaving the wharves, which are followed thence by Atlantic Avenue, a splendid marginal thoroughfare 100 feet wide, with several street-car and steam freight-railway tracks, and spur-tracks down the wharves. This avenue was made in 1868-70, at a cost of $2,400,000, by building it across the middle of the old docks, with earth taken from P'ort Hill, and then filling in the inside parts, which are now covered with imposing commercial structures. It occupies nearly the line of the Barricado, a wharf built in 1673, 2,200 feet long, from the North Battery to the South Battery, to be mounted with cannon to prevent hostile French or Dutch war-vessels from injuring the ship- ping in Town Cove. Entrances were left for peaceful merchantmen on each side of Long Wharf. Lewis Wharf, at 32 Atlantic Avenue, with its long granite warehouses, has the steamships for Yarmouth and Halifax, the Canso ports, Pictou and Prince-Edward Is- land, and Savannah. This wharf once be- longed to John Hancock. Commercial Wharf is the Boston terminal of the popular International Steamship Co.’s line, which runs to St. John, N . B . , via Portland, Lubec and Eastport, making a charming ocean-route to the New England coast and the Maritime Provinces. The fleet comprises three side-wheel steamships, the State of Maine^ the Cumberland^ and the New Brunswick^ providing the modern comforts of traveling. The elegant new steamship St. Croix, now under construction, will in many respects surpass all previous efforts of the company. In the spring and autumn this long-established and favorite line runs its steamers tri-weekly, in the summer daily (except Sundays), and in the winter semi-weekly. The trip, for the most part is along the shore, which presents an ever-chang- ing panorama of interesting points. The International Co. affords a pleasant trip to the eastward, reaching numerous pleasure-resorts of Kin^''s ‘ ‘ How to See Boston. 199 Maine, and farther still, beyond the international boundary, where lies a vast country under British dominion, full of beauty and crowned with a wealth of interest, replete with the blended romance, story and tradition connected with the earliest settlement of the North- American continent. This country gave refuge to the early voyagers from Europe, at a time when the Pilgrim Fathers of the Old Colony were in leading-strings, and now through two centuries presents its peculiar manners, customs and civilization as an auxiliary charm to the summer tourist from “The States,” giving him a taste of Europe to be found on this side of the Atlantic only in this quaint North-East, this country under the shadow of the Crown, this “Land of Evangeline” and the “British Red-coat.” Commercial Wharf is also the terminal of the Provincetown line. This part of Atlantic Avenue is largely occupied by wholesale fish and oyster merchants, and the fishing-vessels float in the adjacent docks. An infinite variety of sea-food may be observed here, and the air is salty and fishy. Huge coils of chain and rope appear by the way ; all manner of large and small boats toss about in the slips ; and maritime persons and longshoremen placidly observe the lively scene. On the other side is the animated Farmers’ Market, mainly used by vegetable and fruit farmers and their wagons, from the suburbs, and a very busy scene at early morning. T Wharf was a part of the old Barricado, and has a well of excellent water. It belongs to an association of fish-dealers, and is devoted wholly to the fish industry. Boston is the largest fish market in the world. In 1892 more than 90,000,000 pounds of fresh fish were handled by dealers of T Wharf. In 1889 it is estimated that 208,000,000 pounds of fish products passed through the hands of the wholesale dealers of Boston, and, based on value of products as sold, reached an aggregate of $11, 100,- 259. The number of men engaged in and the yield of all the fisheries of the world, as far as reports are obtainable, are : United States, 200,000 men, value, $50,000,000; Canada, 60,000 men, $17,655,000; England and Wales, estimated yield $23,000,000; Scotland, $8,000,000; Ireland, $1,800,000; Norway, $6,000,000; Holland, $2,000,000; France, 138,- 000 men, yield $20,000,000, a grand total of more than $128,000,000 in value, taken in one year. At 21, 22 and 22^ T Wharf, John R. Neal & Co. have a fine museum of models, pictures, implements, etc., illustrat-^ ing the ancient and modern methods of catching fish and preparing them fresh or otherwise for the markets, and many curious matters pertaining to fishing and packing. This firm ranks eminent among the great fish houses of the country, and besides being enormous handlers of fresh and salted fish they make a specialty of curing haddock which is known over the world as “John R. Neal & Co.’s Star Brand of Finnan Haddie.” The Museum is opened free to the public. Long Wharf was built in 1709-10, as a prolongation of State St., under the name of Boston Pier, 2,000 feet long, with a battery on the end. It became the pride of the town, where the London ships lay, and JOHN R. NEAL & CO., WHOLESALERS OF FRESH AND SALTED FISH, 200 VIEWS OF THE NEAL FISHERIES MUSEUM, T WHARF, FOOT OF SOUTH MARKET STREET. 201 King's How to See Boston.'' the Royalist governors and armies were sumptuously received on landing. Hawthorne long served here as weigher and gauger. The foreign com- merce of Boston, very extensive before the Revolution, and almost monop- olizing the American China and India trades for the first half of this century, became nearly extinct between 1850 and 1870. Then the railways from the West reduced their freight rates and improved their terminal facilities, and the local commerce made enormous gains, so that it uses almost a steamship a day from this port to Europe. Boston is second only to New York as a shipping port, with 4,000 vessels entering from or clearing for foreign ports yearly, and an annual im- port and export trade of ^140,000,- 000. Plans are now under way for the city to buy all the wharves, and re- place them with handsome and com- modious municipal CADETS' ARMORY. COLUMBUS AVENUE, SOUTHEAST CORNER OF FERDINAND STREET, 202 King's How to See Bost 07 i." docks (as in Liverpool and other great ports), whose low charges may- invite a still greater maritime traffic. The chief foreign steamships have their docks at East and South Boston and Charlestown. Long Wharf is the headquarters of the tropical fruit trade, and here the Boston Fruit Company, an association of Boston merchants and West- India fruit-growers, receive their cargoes of bananas, cocoanuts, oranges, lemons, and kindred fruits. The corporation owns nearly 40,000 acres, included in 35 plantations, and deep-water frontage in the harbors of Port Antonio and Port Morant. They own their own lines of steamships, which they operate between those ports and Boston, Philadelphia and Baltimore. Besides carrying their own fruits, they carry some outside freight, and afford passenger accommodations for many tourists visiting the West-India Islands. Ascending State St. from Long Wharf, one quickly reaches the Cus- tom House, the financial district, the Old State House, and the retail district. Dr. Holmes thus apostrophized Long Wharf : “ Strong right arm of Boston, stretched out o er the bay, May the winds waft the wealth of all nations to thee, And thy dividends flow like the waves of the sea.” Central Wharf has the moorings of the steamships to Philadelphia and to Gloucester. From India Wharf runs the daily line of new and palatial steamers owned by the Portland Steam Packet Co., the Bay State and the Portland (each exceeding 2,200 tons), tw'o of the grandest steamers that sail from Boston Harbor. They make the run between Boston and Portland in a night, and charge but ^i, the view from the steamers, in either Boston or Portland harbor, morning or evening, being worth the full cost of the trip. It is impossible to obtain a more restful, exhilarating and enjoyable excursion anywhere. These steamers are the largest and finest side-wheel vessels east of Long-Island Sound, and are fitted with every modern ap- pliance for comfort and luxury. Electric lights and bells, steam steering- gear, and first-class appointments are in every department. The pas- senger dining-rooms are superb, and the meals, on the European plan, are all that can be desired. The company issues through excursion- tickets, by almost every conceivable rail and steamship route, east, west, north and south. The Portland Steam Packet Co. has a record of 50 years’ thoroughly satisfactory service, never having lost a life nor injured a person. From India Wharf also sail the freight vessels of the Metro- politan Line, for New York. Howells says of this locality : “ The place was sacred to the shipping of the grandest commerce in the world —these beautiful ships, clean as silver, and manned by honest Yankee crews.” Here the old captains discussed “ The Dutch colonies and coffee ; the China trade and tea ; the Northwest coast and furs ; the Cape and its wines and oil : the pirates that used to harass the early adventurers ; famous shipwrecks ; great gains and magnificent losses ; the splendor of the English nabobs and American residents of Calcutta ; mutinies aboard ship ; and the idiosyncrasies of certain sailors.” King's How to See Boston.'''' 205 Rowe’s Wharf is throughout the summer one of the busiest and hap- piest of places, for thence every half-hour or so depart the pleasant steamboats for Hull, Hingham,* and Nantasket, the favorite summer- resorts of the harbor. Elsewhere are tlie piers of the Lynn, Nahant, and Plymouth steamers. At Rowe’s W^harf is the end of Broad St., the scene of the bloody riots of 1837 between the firemen and the Irish, in which 15,000 persons were engaged. The Irish quarter was sacked by the populace; and it required the advance of 800 State troops, and re- peated charges by the Lancers, to avert a general massacre. Next to Rowe’s Wharf is the ferry-house of the Revere -Beach narrow-gauge railroad, whose quaint little trains run from East Boston CHURCH OF THE DISCIPLES, WARREN AVENUE AND WEST BROOKLINE STREET. along the shore to Lynn, Ocean Spray, and Winthrop. Near Rowe’s Wharf stood the Sconce, or South Battery, erected in 1666, and mounting 35 guns. On Fort Hill, above, stood a larger fortress. Howells thus portrays the pleasant inner harbor : “ The steamships of many coastwise freight lines gloom, with their black capa- cious hulks, among the lighter sailing craft, and among the white, green-shuttered passenger-boats; and behind those desperate and grimy sheds assume a picturesque- ness, their sagging roofs and crooked gables harmonizing agreeably with the shipping ; and then growing up from all rises the mellow-tinted, brick-built city, roof, and spire, and dome, — a fair and noble sight, indeed, and one not surpassed for a certain quiet and cleanly beauty by any that I know.” The Boston & Bangor Steamship Co. dispatches its fine and seaworthy vessels from Foster’s Wharf, at 366 Atlantic Avenue, at five o’clock every afternoon in summer, and semi-weekly in winter. These great steamships, the City of Bangor, Penobscot, Katahdin, and Lewiston, have accommoda- tions for 500 passengers, with richly-provided dining-rooms and spacious 2o6 Kht^s How to See Boston.'^'^ state-rooms. Their voyage gives very interesting panoramic views of the harbor, the receding city crowned with its dome of gold, the European steamships in their docks at East Boston and South Boston, the formid- able fortifications frowning over the lower roadstead, and the many pic- turesque rocky islets which keep the stormy waves from the Puritan har- bor. Beyond the tall white lighthouse, they run up along the famous North Shore, with distant views of Nahant and Swampscot, Marble- head and Magnolia, and other popular and fashionable summer-resorts. Before dark, they round the tall twin lighthouses of Thacher’s Island, and the gray cliffs of Cape Ann, “ the land of rocks and roses ; ” and stretch away into the dim northern sea, the ancient Gulf of Maine. At TREMONT STREET, SOUTHEAST CORNER OF ELIOT STREET. early morning, the vessel enters the beautiful and historic Penobscot Bay, and makes its first port at Rockland, famous for its vast product of lime. The Mount Desert and other steamers of this company’s fleet connect here for the quaint little ports among the islands, and for the landings about Mount Desert and the remoter eastern coasts. The boat from Boston proceeds up Penobscot Bay and River, making landings at Bel- fast, Bucksport and other well-known towns, and before noon reaches Bangor, the bright metropolis of Eastern Maine. This line has an im- mense summer-tourist business, since it furnishes an inexpensive, comfort- able and picturesque route to the beaches, headlands and fiords of “ hun- 2o8 Kin^s '‘'‘How to See Boston^ d red -harbored Maine,” and to Moosehead Lake and the great forest. The Boston- Bangor steamships began their voyages in 1833, and were for over 40 years known as the Sanford Line, until acquired by the present com- pany, in 1882. The president and general manager is William H. Hill, of Richardson, Hill & Co., the bankers. Snow’s Arch Wharf has the steamers for Beverly, Marblehead, and Salem, and for Portsmouth. Liverpool WTiarf (formerly Griffin’s) was the scene of the Tea Party of December 16, 1773, when 60 Bostonians, some of them disguised as Indians, boarded the three Indiamen, Dartmouth^ Eleanor and Beaver, hung here, and emptied 342 chests of tea into the harbor. Dr. Holmes a\ers that waters in the rebel bay Have kept the tea-leaf savor ; Our old Xorth-Enders in their spray Still taste a Hyson flavor.” Between Atlantic Avenue and the Congress- St. bridge, at 299 to 303 Congress St., directly facing the harbor, is the great shoe warehouse of the J. B. Le\Hs Co., whose main factories are at Avon, and whose line of goods, known as “ Wear- Resisters,” comprises the whole range of boots and shoes of all grades for men, women and children. The business was established in 1858, and its customers extend throughout the Union. The J. B. Lewis Co. are said to be the largest shippers of boots and shoes of any manufacturer selling the retail trade direct from Boston, the centre of the shoe trade of this country. A little farther south Atlantic Avenue reaches Fort- Point Channel to the South Bay, which has many coal and lumber wharves. Across the narrow water are the New- York &: New- England Rail- road docks and elevators, on land re- claimed from the harbor, and vdth piers used by European freight -steamships. Atlantic Avenue ends in the wool dis- trict (Boston is second only to London as a wool-market), at the foot of Sum- mer St., leading back to the Retail Dis- trict, and in front of the ugly station of the New- York & New England Railroad. A few blocks south, on Federal St., are the great factories of the Goodyear Shoe Machinery Co., whose patented machines are used in both continents. Kneeland St. has the Old-Colony and Albany railroad stations, a block apart. The Old-Colony (chartered in 1844) leads to Plymouth, New Bedford, Cape COLUMBUS STATUE, AT THE CATHEDRAL. Cod, and the steamboat lines to Nan- 210 King's How to See Boston.'''' tucket and Martha’s Vineyard. The Boston & Albany leads to Worcester, Springfield, Albany and the north, and with its close alliances with the New- York Central, the Lake* Shore and other great roads, it forms the most important route between the East and West. Its through New- York trains, several times daily, are unsurpassed ; and its local suburban service at low commutation rates to the Newtons, Brookline, Wellesley and other places is hardly equaled on either continent. CATHEDRAL OF THE HOLY CROSS, ROMAN CATHOLIC. WASHINGTON STREET, NORTHEAST CORNER OF MALDEN STREET. BOSTON & ALBANY RAILROAD STATION. KNEELAND STREET, BETWEEN LINCOLN AND UTICA STREETS. THE SUBURBS. T he suburbs of Boston are among the most beautiful in the world. Nature has done much for them, with her great rocky hills, deep forests, shining lakes, far-winding rivers, fragrant salt-marshes, and blue inlets of the sea. Art has also been kind, during nearly three centuries, dotting this rugged paradise with quaint villages, generous country-seats, tall spires, domes, and towers, and beauty-spots of rich flower-coloring. History has dowered the region with the records of the heroic early set- tlements, of wars with savages and European troops, and of the lives and deeds of many illustrious men. Literature has added her laurels : Holmes NEW-ENGLAND CONSERVATORY OF MUSIC, FRANKLIN SQUARE. to the old town, Howells to the modern city, Hawthorne to West Rox- bury and Salem, Longfellow and Lowell to Cambridge, Thoreau and Emerson to Concord, Motley to Quincy, and Bynner to Marblehead ; and hundreds of others, poets, romancers, historians and antiquaries. What other city has such a garland of pleasant and historic hamlets and parks, dreaming in comfort and content, in a land of peace ? Sir Charles Dilke has written of the surroundings of Boston ; “In her southern suburbs,— in Roxbury and the hills beyond, and princely Brookline, and Brighton,— Boston may challenge comparison with almost any city in 214 King's “ How to See Boston,'^ the world. This undulating region, dotted with crystal ponds, superbly wooded, and covered for miles with country-seats in every conceivable style of architec- ture, is a portfolio crammed with delicious pictures. The velvet turf, golden green in sunshine, the trim buckthorn hedges, the trellised roses, the comming- ling of pine, elm, maple, larch, chestnut and fir in the groves, the unexpected dells and water-glimpses, the gleam of towers and mellow-tinted house-fronts, far and near, the old avenues, ribbed with Gothic boughs, are among their features, and you can scarcely say that anything is wanting. Although her people are every- where in the vanguard of all progress, their country has a look of gable-ends and steeple-hats. In all England, there is no city which has suburbs so gray and ven- erable as the elm-shaded towns around Boston.” Bayard Taylor, with his broad knowledge of the world, said : “ As you approach Boston, the roughest region is yet a region of homes. Man may sometimes deform, but he oftenest improves nature ; and I know no better illustration of the fact than the environs of Boston. The approach to Boston is almost the only picturesque city-view we have on the Atlantic coast. The broad reaches of water, the cheerful suburbs on either hand, the long gently rising brick hill in front, crowned with the dome of the State House, form an imposing and truly attractive picture. . . . Boston, from any side, owing to her elevation, has a stately charm which her prouder sisters do not possess.” CHURCH OF THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION AND BOSTON COLLEGE, HARRISON AVE. AND CONCORD 6T. CHARLESTOWN. C HARLESTOWN and Bunker-Hill street-cars leave Scollay Square every few minutes for quaint old Charlestown. Those marked Bunker Hill lead to the monument. Beyond the crowded manufacturing streets, the car crosses Charles River on a long bridge, with the Hoosac-Tunnel Docks on the right front, and the Navy Yard beyond. We soon reach the little park of City Square, with the Waverley House (once a hotel) on the left ; and next it the fine City Hall of Charlestown before annexa- tion, now occupied by a branch of the Public Library, and the Municipal Court. The Indian domain called Mishawum was settled by the English before 1629; became a city in 1847; and was annexed to Boston in 1873. The Charles- River Bridge was built in 1786 ; and the Warren Bridge, in 1828. These railroad bridges for the northern railroads are now approach- ing completion. S. F. B. Morse, the inventor of the telegraph, was born at Charlestown. The U. -S. Navy Yard, founded in 1800, covers 87 acres, and has nearly 100 store-houses, machine-shops, arsenals, barracks, rope-walks, shiphouses, etc., with a million-dollar hammered-granite dry dock, a sea- wall, a battery, trees and lawns, parades and avenues. In the stream lies the famous old frigate Wabash, now a receiving-ship. Among the war-vessels built here were the Inde- pendence, 74, Frolic, Vermont, 74, War- ren, Farragut’s flag- ship Hartford, the Cumberland and Merrimac (afterwards antagonists), the Wachusett and Huron, and the ironclads Monaditock, Nahant, Nantucket and Canonicus. This fa- mous yard is now but little used. Visitors are admitted, and will find it very interesting. Bunker- Hill Monument was built in 1825-42. Lafayette attended at the laying of the corner-stone, .and President Tyler at the final dedication ; and Webster gave the orations for both occasions. The obelisk 220 feet high, and 30 feet square at the base, is of Quincy granite. Two hundred and ninety-five stone steps lead to the observatory chamber at the top, with its venerable Provincial cannon, and superb views over the harbor and sea, the city and suburbs, the inland villages and far blue mountains, Wachusett and Monadnock. The ward Bostonian usually contents himself here with sitting down at the base, and PAUL REVERE’S HOUSE, NORTH SQUARE. 215 2i6 King's *^How to See Bostoji,''' musing over Emerson and Browning, while his Western friends go up the winding stairs. As Dr. Holmes says : “ And Bunker’s tall shaft you can climb if you will, But you’ll puff like a paragraph praising a pill.” In the lodge at the base is Dexter’s marble statue of Gen. Warren, with other memorials ; and in the main path in i88i was raised Story’s admirable and spirited bronze statue of Col. Prescott, who defended the redoubt. He is in a long seersucker coat and broad farmer’s hat, with drawn sword, as when warning his eager men : “Don’t fire until you see the whites of their eyes.” Col. Prescott marched from Cambridge on the night of June i6, 1775, fortified this hill-top, which was attacked at dawn by the broadsides of the British fleet, and later by 4,000 Royal troops under Howe and Clinton. The American force, though smaller, and inexpert in war, repulsed two grand assaults, and then were driven from the works, having lost 450 men to the Brit- ish 1,054. This was the first open bat- tle of the Revolution. The anniversary is a holiday in Charlestown, which was burned during the battle by hot shot from the British battery on Copp’s Hill, and by landing-parties of marines and blue-jackets. The Charlestown Soldiers’ and Sail- ors’ Monument, dedicated in 1872, stands on Winthrop Square, the old Training-Field, near “the stone spike that’s druv through Bunker Hill.” It represents the Genius of America, hold- ing laurels over a soldier and a sailor. The true Bunker Hill, much higher than the battle-ground, is crowned by a conspicuous Catholic church. Not far away extends one of the new parks, with a grand view over the Mystic Valley. The Charlestown Burial-Ground, reached by the short Phipps St. from Main St., contains the grave of John Harvard, near which the graduates of the University erected a granite memorial, in 1828. The Massachu- setts State Prison, built in 1804-05, covers a broad area near Charles River with its gloomy granite structures, crowded with desperate and unfortunate men. There are many factories in Charlestown, and among them the famous mustard and spice mills of the Stickney & Poor Spice Co., the oldest concern in its line in New England, and with a trade well established throughout the country. SOUTH BOSTON. S TREET-CARS run from Scollay, Park, and Post-Office squares every few minutes to South Boston. In 1804, when it was annexed to Boston, this hilly peninsula had but ten families. It was expected that here would rise the court end of the city, but the growth took quite an- other form, and it is now a factory-quarter, with 70,000 inhabitants. In this energetic industrial centre skilled artificers make war-ships, elevators, cordage, car-wheels, boilers, heavy cannon, and steel and brass castings, besides refining sugar and oil, and brewing. The South-Boston Iron Co., founded by Cyrus Al- ger, on Foundry St., cov- ered seven acres, and had the largest iron- works in New- England, with splendidly- equipped shops, famous for their product of ordnance and projectiles. , Other foundries may be seen along the water-side; and the sugar-refineries tower high on Granite St. The Whittier Machine Co.’s works at South Boston are the result of half a cen- tury’s development. Here are made the passenger ele- vators — sometimes called the perpendicular railways — which have made possible the lofty structures of to- day. This was virtually the pioneer concern to manu- facture passenger elevators, and many of the largest buildings throughout this country, and by far the ma- CHRisT CHURCH, SALEM AND HULL STREETS. jority of important buildings in Boston, are provided with the Whittier elevators, which are recognized as having every possible advantage of safety, speed, elegance and durability. The Walworth Manufacturing Company, whose offices are at 14 to 24 Oliver St., and whose works are at South Boston, are manufacturers of steam, water and gas users’ supplies, tools, etc., and such specialties as Stillson wrenches, Allston wrenches, Stanwood pipe cutters, Walworth 219 I- 5 Si 221 King^s How to See Bostoji,'"' die-plates, Hall tapping machines and cast iron pipe cutters, Ashley nipple holders and Walworth sprinkler heads. Their business extends not only throughout this country but into England, Germany and all parts of Europe, Mexico, South America and Australia. Their plant covers many acres, with iron and brass foundries, machine and forge shops, and wharves on tide water, employing 600 men, besides 150 in the warehouse. Here are huge warehouses ; and the New- York & New-England docks and elevators, with great European steamships. The approach to South Boston is squalid ; but Broadway, its spacious tree-lined main thorough- fare, soon ascends to a pleasanter region of churches and homes. The Perkins Institution and Massachusetts School for the Blind, or- ganized in 1832, by Dr. S. G. Howe, in 1839 occupied the Mount- Wash- ington House, a conspicuous sea-viewing summer-hotel, which had BOSTON HARBOR, NEAR ROWE’S AND FOSTER’S WHARVES. recently failed ; and there, and in later buildings, it remains. When Dr. Howe died, in 1876, the management passed to his son-in-law, Michael Anagnos. Even the deaf, dumb and blind, like Laura Bridgman and Helen Kellar, have been educated into intelligence here, and. hun- dreds of blind youth have been taught self-support, especially by music. There are 30 teachers. Several States support their blind here ; and Massachusetts makes a large yearly grant. The library and printery of books in raised letters are the largest in the world. Visitors are admit- ted Thursdays between ii and i. Independence Square is an open park of acres, between the fine residence part of Broadway and the harbor. On its low north side are the city House of Correction ; and the Boston Lunatic Hospital, built in 1839-46, for 200 patients, with five acres of grounds. Close to the Perkins Institution is Thomas Park, on Telegraph Hill (whence marine telegraphing used to be done), with a granite monument Khi^s How to See Boston^ 223 telling that on this ridge (then called Dorchester Heights) Washington placed the batteries whose hot fire compelled the British to evacuate Bos- ton. This eminence commands a superb view of the harbor, the Blue Hills, and the city. The Carney Hospital, on Old Harbor St., is a noble institution, founded in 1865, and run by the Sisters of Charity, but unsectarian as to its contributors and beneficiaries. The buildings are high-placed, and command noble views. City Point is the chief rendezvous in America for small yachts, and affords a brisk and inspiring sight on a breezy summer day. The Boston THE OLD FITCHBURG RAILROAD STATION, CAUSEWAY STREET. and South-Boston Yacht Clubs have their houses here ; and near by are the yards where come the celebrated Burgess and other fast yachts. Small restaurants abound hereabouts. The Marine Park occupies the seaward end, with walks and esplan- ades and lovely harbor- views. Here Kitson’s fine bronze statue of Ad- miral Farragut was set up, in 1893. A long promenade-pier leads to Castle Island, where there are walks and drives around the walls of Fort Independence, with very noble sea-views. This is the oldest virgin fortress in the world, having never surrendered to a hostile attack. The first battery was erected here by the Puritans, in 1634, and many a shot 224 Khi^s How to See Bosto?i.''* Vas fired thence at ships, as well as at Washington’s Dorchester- Heights forts in 1776. Scores of distinguished officers have been in garrison here. The present very handsome fort is about half a century old, and has been ungarrisoned since 1880, serving as a depot of supplies, and being kept heavily armed. One may return to Boston by the Broadway Bridge or Dover- Street Bridge, and regain Scollay Square by the city routes. DORCHESTER. D orchester is reached by street-cars from the Old South, across South Boston ; or from Scollay Square or the Granary Burial-Ground, across Roxbury. The Old-Colony and New-York & New-England Rail- roads have a score of stations in this suburb. It was settled before Boston, but, being poorly endowed with navigable waters, remained a quiet farming-town, which within a few years was passed by Boston. It once reached to the Rhode-Island line, but sev- eral towns were carved out of it, and the metropolis secured the northward parts in 1804. In 1869 the old town was annexed to Bos- ton. It then had 12,000 inhabit- ants, the present number being 35,000. The picturesque hills, plains, forests and sea-meadows, the broad and tree-shaded old roads, the many fine estates, the interesting and venerable colonial mansions, the cheapness of land, and the easy accessibility to the city have made this a favorite resi- dence-quarter, with countless mod- ern cottages scattered over its 6,000 acres. The pleasantest and most com- prehensive route traverses the at- tractive Warren St., Roxbury, and enters Dorchester at Grove Hall, near Franklin Park. Thence the line runs for half a league through pleasant semi-rural scener)% pass- ing the gardens of the late M. P. union station, entrance arch, causeway Wilder, the famous horticulturist, street. and closely approaching Mount Bowdoin, whose summit commands a King's How to See Boston." 225 fine sea-view. Farther on, the noble Blue Hills appear on the right, and the ocean on the left. The Pierce house is said to be the second oldest house standing in the United States, having been erected in 1635, continuing in the pos- session of the Pierce family ever since. Its sides are packed with sea- weed, partly as a protection against Indian arrows. The Second Church, a dignified Puritan temple, dates from 1806. It is Congregational ; and Arthur Little holds the pastorate once graced by John Codman. Just beyond is the very fine Henry L. Pierce Public School, of Perth- Amboy salmon brick, built in 1891-92, and accommo- dating 700 pupils. On this site until lately stood a colonial mansion, where Henry Knox and Daniel Webster dwelt. Nearly opposite the church is the little old Dorchester Town Hall. The car-track stops at Ashmont ; and it is twenty minutes’ brisk walk thence southward to the quaint valley-hamlet of Lower Mills. On the harbor-front, and best reached by the Old-Colony Railroad, is the picturesque cluster of villas on Savin Hill ; the old Abolitionist vil- lage of Harrison Square (founded in 1840), with the house and moorings of the Dorchester Yacht Club ; Pope’s Hill, where Lucy Stone dwelt ; Commercial Point, whose whaling fleets have given place to gas-works ; and busy Neponset, with its factories and wharves. Thence a branch rail- way ascends the Neponset- River valley, passing near the station at Cedar- Grove Cemetery. Lower Mills station and village are at the picturesque little falls on the Neponset River. This is the seat of Walter Baker & Co.’s immense chocolate-mills. The first water-mill in America was founded here in 1633 by Israel Stoughton, afterwards one of Cromwell’s colo- nels in England. Here are several very ancient houses ; and from the villa-crowned Milton Hill, on the south, noble harbor and moun- tain views are gained. The last station on this branch is at the de- lightful old rural village of Mattapan, with its quaint stone Church of the Holy Spirit. Meeting-House Hill (by street-cars from Franklin St., Boston, every 10 minutes) is crowned by the church (built in 1816) of the First Parish (now Unitarian), the fourth on this site since 1670. The first meeting- house, built of logs, with palisades and armed guards, was erected in 1631, at Cottage and Pleasant Sts. On the hill stands a red granite obelisk, bearing the names of the Dorchester soldiers who died in the War for the Union. The Catholic Church of St. Peter is near by. Broad harbor and sea views are had from the hill. Southward, within a mile, is Field’s Corner, with the Dorchester post-office, public library, court- house, and police-station. Northward, near Upham’s Corner, is the burial-ground, interesting to antiquaries, with monuments as far back as 1638, and the graves of several colonial dignitaries ; and near Five Corners is the birthplace of Edward Everett, ROXBURY. T KE street-car routes described on previous pages lead across the South End to Roxbury. The Washington- St. line is the most interesting, and its cars traverse Scollay Square, and run out by the Cathedral and the New- England Conservatory of Music. A little way beyond is passed the venerable and neglected Eliot Burial-Ground, with the graves of Govs. Thomas Dudley and Joseph Dudley, Chief- Justice Paul Dudley, Gen. Greaton, and others. The parish-tomb contains the bones of six ancient pastors, and of John Eliot, the famous apostle to the Indians. “ Rocksberry, because something rocky” (as a chronicler wTote in 1633), was settled in 1630; and gave Gens. Dearborn, Heath, Greaton and Warren to the Revolutionary armies ; and Miles, Lee and Amory, Admiral Winslow, and 3,271 soldiers to the War for the Union. It had 2,000 inhabitants in 1775; and 90,000 in 1890. In 1846 it became a city, and was annexed to Boston in 1867. It is a beautifully diversified region of hills and crags, meadows and dales, trees and gardens, amid which wind fine roads, bordered by thousands of happy suburban homes. The fine old Provincial mansions of the Shirleys, Auchmutys and other great families have vanished before this vigorous invasion. The rather somnolent business centre of Roxbury is near the convergence of Wash- ington, Warren and Roxbury Sts.' The wooden meeting-house (built in 1821) pertains to the Universalists, and occupies the site of Gov. Dudley’s mansion. Up the hill leads Roxbury St. to Eliot Square, on one side of which is the Norfolk House, opened in 1825, and now a comfortable family-hotel and well-known landmark. A short distance beyond, on Roxbury St., are the art works of L. Prang & Co., the art and educa- tional publishers, whose productions are in use over all the continents. The First Parish Church occupies pleasant grounds on Eliot Square, with an excellent and well-preserv’ed specimen of Puritan architecture, dating from 1804. The society originated in 1632; and for many years had for its pastor the gentle John Eliot, who gave most of his time to preaching to the Indians and translating the Bible into their language. After nearly two centuries of Orthodoxy, the parish became Unitarian ; and Dr. George Putnam led it from 1830 to 1876. James De Normandie has been pastor since 1882. In 1775-76 the steeple on this site served as a signal-station for the American army ; and the church became a target for cannon-shot from the British lines. A few minutes’ walk along the pleasant Highland St., where E. E. Hale dwells (No. 39) and W. L. Garrison long lived, leads to the hand- some white minaret built for a water standpipe (now disused), and a landmark for the southern suburbs. Here stood the Roxbury High Fort, the key of the American siege-lines, built by Gen. Knox in 1775, and levelled by municipal vandals in 1869. Many a cannon-shot flew from these parapets against the Royalist batteries in Boston. Near Highland 226 L. PRANQ & CO., ART PUBLISHERS. WORKS AND GENERAL OFFICES I ROXDURV, MASS. SALES OFFICES, 6S8 WASHINGTON STREET. 228 King^s How to See Boston^ St. is the Fellowes Athenaeum, for which Caleb Fellowes bequeathed about $50,000. It is a public library of 30,000 volumes, including a popular affiliated branch of the Boston Public Library. Washington-St. cars run out by the venerable Episcopal church of St. James, a stone fane retired among green lawns ; Notre Dame Academy, with its charming grounds, and the buildings where the Sisters of Notre Dame teach young ladies ; and the New-England Hospital for Women and Children, founded in 1862, with medical, surgical and maternity wards, and a capital nurses’ training-school, all under the care of a staff of highly educated women-physicians. Then it traverses the verge of Jamaica Plain, near the Playstead and Glen-Road entrances to Franklin ROWE’S WHARF AND FOSTER’S WHARF, ATLANTIC AVENUE, FOOT OF BROAD STREET. Park ; and reaches Forest-Hills Cemetery. Street-cars lead from Rox- bury’s business-centre along Dudley St. to Dorchester, traversing the attractive residence-district of Mount Pleasant. Warren St., one of the most attractive in this extensive district of homes, is traversed by street cars. Just to one side, on Kearsarge Avenue, is the famous Roxbury Latin School, founded in 1645, Eliot and Dudley, and prolific in eminent men. It is not a part of the public- school system ; and has 150 pupils. The birthplace of Gen. Warren is shown by a tablet upon a stone cottage occupying its site, on Warren St. Close by is the handsome stone church (with costly memorial window) of the Roxbury Swedenborgians. At 216 Warren St. is the house of the Roxbury Club, including nearly 300 well-to-do business men. At Warren and Montrose Sts. stands the grand new Roxbury High School ; and at Elm Hill is the handsome All Souls’ Church (Unitarian), a quaint stone building, embowered among the trees. Not far beyond is the broad open plaza of Grove Hall, with the late Dr. Cullis’s unique home for consumptives, supported by funds received in answer to prayer. King's ‘ ‘ How to See Boston, ” 229 Thence one car-line runs to Mount Bowdoin and Dorchester ; and another ascends quickly to Franklin Park. Franklin Park, the leading feature of Boston’s park system, covers about 600 acres, and has cost, since 1870, over $3,000,000. The high and rugged ground on the north has been rather elaborately adorned, in a decorative urban manner, with the superb lawn of the Playstead, broken only by a flagstaff of Oregon pine ; the very spacious and high-placed Overlook house, 800 feet long, girt about with flower-fringed battle- ments of rock ; the inchoate drive- way of the Greeting; and other features. A long and handsome masonry wall, with very picturesque por- tals, red-tiled tops, and bastions of roses, separates this section from the so-called Country Park, where the features have been made more broad, free and natural, with the trellised Italian arbors of Schoolmaster Hill (in old days R. W. Emerson’s favorite haunt), the splendid carriage-concourse crowning Scarborough Hill, the long vistas down Nazingdale, the venerable forest of Abbotswood, and other glorious attractions. Firm white roads wind along the rich green pastures, where collie- dogs and shepherds guard flocks of grazing sheep, put here for picturesque effect ; and tall elms diversify the sloping glades with their flower-like grace. At the end of the vistas rise the distant and lofty Blue Hills of Milton, with admirable artistic effects. There are quiet blue ponds, half-artificial labyrinths of wilderness, really remarkable rock- scenery, tennis and ball grounds, refectories, and shelters for rainy hours. The best way to see these attractions is to take the comfortable park- carriages, always in waiting at the gate on Blue-Hill Avenue (at the end of the Boston street-car line). The drivers are familiar with the points of interest. The drive is seven miles long; and the charge is 25 cents for each person. Franklin Field is a tract of 80 acres, just beyond the park, on Blue- Hill Avenue, changed by the city in 1893-94 from a flower-entangled wet meadow to a vast level lawn, for the drilling of the militia in summer, and the playing of cricket and other games. In winter it is flooded, for BUNKER-HILL MONUMENT, CHARLESTOWN. 230 Kuig's “ How to See Bostoii^ skating. The Park and Field were named for Benjamin Franklin, the most illustrious native of Boston, who in 1791 bequeathed the town ;^i,ooo, to be loaned out as directed, the accruing fund to be given to Bos- ton, after a century, “for public works to make living more convenient to its people, and more agreeable to strang- ers resorting thither.” In 1891, there- fore, the city received nearly $400,000 from this fund, which was first in- tended to be devoted to the park, but afterwards was set apart for a great trades-school. Within 20 years, Boston has gener- ously paid out $15,000,000 for parks, including those at East Boston and Charlestown Heights, Charlesbank, the Fens, Jamaica Pond, the Arboretum, Franklin Park, and the Marine Park at South Boston, with their connecting parkways ; and also including her pro- portion of the cost of the outlying Met- ropolitan parks, at Middlesex Fells, the Waverly Oaks, the Stony-Brook forest, and the Blue Hills. The landscape- architect was Frederick Law Olmsted. PRESCOTT STATUE, BUNKER-HILL MONUMENT, CHARLESTOWN. VIEW OF BOSTON FROM THE HARBOR. “ Boston is more authentic and individual, more municipal, after the old pat- tern, than any other modern city. It gives its stamp, it characterizes. Even Bos- ton provinciality is a precious testimony to the authoritative personality of the city. Cosmopolitanism is a modern vice, and we’re antique, we’re classic, in the other thing.’’ — Howells. JAMAICA PLAIN AND WEST ROXBURY. J AMAICA Plain or Forest Hills may be reached by the Providence Railroad ; or else in half an hour by street-cars from the Granary Burial-Ground every five minutes across the South End to Jamaica Plain. The street-cars also reach Forest Hills. The route is along Tremont St. Near Tremont station is seen a region of immense breweries, where Pfaff, Roessle, Burkhardt, and other experts yearly make hundreds of thousands of barrels of lager beer. Quite naturally, a large German popula- tion has settled in this fragrant valley. The huge and frequently ornate brick buildings, with their broad yards, indicate a high prosperity in the busi- ness of making bitter decoctions of malt. On the right is the lofty Parker Hill ; and on the high ground on the left. Prang’s lithograph works and the graceful white tower of the Highland stand-pipe. North Heath and Marcella Sts. lead to the much-praised Marcella-St. Home, a municipal asylum for pauper and neglected children under i6, with graded schools and religious services. Another short walk, along Amory St., leads to the Notre-Dame Aca- demy and the New- England Hospital. The street-cars cross the Providence Railway on Centre St., a broad and pleasant rural thoroughfare, with spacious estates and shadowy old trees on its sides. The h'ree Kin- dergarten for the Blind, a department of the Perkins Institution, has fine brick buildings and several acres of grounds, at Day and Perkins Sts., near the Jamaica Parkway. Jamaica Plain was first known as Pond Plain. A witty anti- quary claims that its present name came from the frequent shouting about its tavern of the soldiers* and sailors* monument, Charlestown. 232 234 King's How to See Bosto 7 iy words ‘‘Jamaica Plain,” meaning that the roystering rustics and thirsty travellers wanted their West-India rum untrimmed by contamination of water or sugar. But sober history claims that the name was given about the year 1680, in honor of Oliver Cromwell’s recent conquest of the island of Jamaica from Spain. Govs. Bernard, Hancock and Bowdoin, Com. Loring, “Peter Parley,” Parkman, and other well-known persons have had their country-seats hereabouts ; and several fine old colonial man- sions still survive. The region around Jamaica Pond has many handsome estates, with pleasant and picturesque roads. The street-cars pass Curtis Hall, a large and handsome building built for the town hall, before West Roxbury was annexed to Boston ; and the Unitarian Church, a dignified PERKINS’ INSTITUTION AND MASS. SCHOOL FOR THE BLIND, EAST BROADWAY, SOUTH BOSTON. stone edifice dating from 1854. The society was organized in 1770. Between these stands the Soldiers’ Monument, erected in 1871, a tall Gothic granite canopy crowned by a military statue, and enshrining mar- ble tablets with the names of the West- Roxbury soldiers who died in the War for the Union. Jamaica Park is a beautiful pleasure-ground of 90 acres, reached by Pond St. from the car-line, and made up of the highly diversified shores, hills and woodlands around the deep and crystalline Jamaica Pond. This lakelet of 70 acres, 60 feet deep, used to supply Boston with water. King's How to See Boston,^'' 235 conducted through pipes of hollowed logs. On the village side is Pine Bank, the former Perkins estate ; and high on the opposite shore is the estate where Francis Parkman, the historian, spent his summers for many years. His friends have raised a fund to erect a memorial here. A charming parkway, with ponds and meadows, trees and thickets, unites Jamaica Park with the Back-Bay Fens ; and another leads to the Arboretum. The beautiful Franklin Park lies close to Jamaica Plain, and may be entered by Glen Road, amid some fine rock-scenery. The Arnold Arboretum and Bussey Institution, a mile or so south of the village, by South St. , is an estate origi- nally of 360 acres, and since much en- larged. This property and a consider- able fund were bequeathed in 1842 by Benjamin Bussey, to Harvard Univer- sity, for a school of agriculture and horticulture. It came into the posses- sion of the University in 1870 ; and two years later James Arnold of New Bedford bequeathed to Harvard $100,- 000, to create here an arboretum and a professorship of tree-culture. Harvard maintains these institutions ; and the city of Boston constructs and keeps up and polices the roads and paths, and receives in return the use of the domain as a part of its park system, for 999 years. The Bussey Institution has a handsome Victorian-Gothic stone build- ing of 1 12 feet front, on a far-viewing eminence, for its class-rooms ; and a new fireproof brick edifice for the her- farragut statue, barium, library, etc. The Arboretum marine park, south boston. is the finest and most extensive and varied collection of trees in the world ; and is traversed by charming winding roads and paths, leading upward to the concourse on top of Mount Bellevue, with its vast and impressive prospect. The Adams Nervine Asylum, adjacent to the Bussey grounds, on Centre St., has 18 acres of pleasant park-land, and is devoted to relieving over-nervous Massachusetts persons, not insane. It was opened in 1880, upon an endowment of $600,000 from Seth Adams, a South Boston sugar-refiner. Forest- Hills Cemetery, on the other side of the Providence Railway, adjoins Franklin Park, and covers 225 acres. The gateway is one of the finest in the country, and includes several lofty Gothic portals of Rox- 236 King's How to See Boston.^'' bury stone, richly mantled with ivy. Its inscriptions, in golden letters are; I Am the Resurrection and the Life; and; He that Keepeth Thee Will Not Slumber. On one side is the handsome stone chapel ; and on the hill within rises a noble and lofty bell-tower of stone, not far from the receiving-tomb. In this labyrinth of graves are the last resting-places of Admirals Winslow (of the Kearsarge) and Thatcher, Gens. Warren, (slain at Bunker Hill) and Dearborn, E. L. Davenport and John Gilbert, W. L. Garrison and J. F. Clarke, and many other whilom notables. The ground is pleasantly diversified by lakes and far-viewing hills, and the most exquisite landscape-gardening. The soldiers’ lot contains Mil- more’s gigantic bronze soldier, erected in 1867, to commemorate the MARINE PARK, SOUTH BOSTON. Roxbury soldiers slain in the War for the Union, whose names are carved on the surrounding walls. They were largely of the 35 ^^ Mass., and died at Antietam. The most artistic monument is the relief showing Death staying the hand of the sculptor, executed by D. C. French, and placed over Milmore’s grave. Winslow’s memorial is a granite boulder from Mt. Kearsarge. The cemetery is easily reached from town by the Providence Railway to Forest-Hills station; and street-cars also run from the station to the city, along Washington St. Mount- Hope Cemetery, to the southward, contains 106 acres, with the Soldiers’ Monument of heavy artillery, given by the Government. ^ Near the Jamaica Plain Station of the Providence Railroad (N. Y., N. H. & Hartford R. R.) is the extensive plant of the B. F. Sturtevant Co., the most eminent manufacturers of blowers and exhaust fans, which 238 Kin^s How to See Boston.^'' are now so widely used for heating, ventilating, drying, exhausting and other purposes. Here also are made many other Sturtevant machines, steam engines, portable forges, hot-blast heating apparatus, etc. There are several pleasant suburban villages farther out in West Roxbury. There also is Brook Farm, an estate of 200 acres along Charles River, where Ripley, Hawthorne, C. A. Dana, Margaret Fuller, and others established a socialistic community in 1841. It broke up in 1847. glorious 2d Massachusetts Infantry encamped here. PIERCE HOUSE ON OAK AVENUE, LEADING FROM ADAMS STREET, IN DORCHESTER. before departing for Virginia. The estate now pertains to a German Lutheran orphans’ home. It is 25 minutes’ walk from West -Roxbury station. LEXINGTON. L exington (Boston & Maine R. R., eleven miles out) was the scene of the first battle of the Revolution, when Pitcairn’s British light infantry opened a fatal fire on the local minute-men, in line on the Green. The Royalist raiders destroyed a few Provincial military supplies at Concord, 6 miles west, but were hunted back to Boston by the fast-assembling militia, losing 273 men, and barely escaping annihilation. The Lexington Town Hall contains statues of Hancock and Adams, and the Minute-Man of 1775 and the Volunteer of 1861; and many curiosities. The Cary Free Library is in this building. The forest and hill scenery in this region is full of quiet beauty. Theodore Parker was born here. BROOKLINE AND NEWTON. T he street-car ride from the Granary Burial-Ground to Chestnut Hill is the most attractive and interesting excursion by land out of Bos- ton. The cars follow Tremont St. to the end of the Common, and then go up Boylston St., past the Common and Public Garden, Trinity Church, the Museum of Fine Arts, and the Public Library, and on to Massachusetts Avenue. Here it passes the Norseman statue and the Harvard Bridge, and turns on to the famous Beacon St., with Charles River on the right. Beyond the sumptuous Charlesgate Hotel, it crosses the Back-Bay Fens, with interesting views all around. Outer Beacon St., generally known as the Boulevard, is one of the most beautiful of American thorough- fares. Within a few years it has been developed from an ordinary sub- urban road into a parkway of imperial width, with the car-tracks hidden in a grassy and tree- shaded belt in the cen- tre ; broad driveways on either side ; and pleasant sidewalks beyond. The handsomest equipages in the State traverse this road (but hardly in summer), to- gether with many hum- bler turn-outs, and endless scattering processions of all manner of cycles. On the heights to the left conspicuously loom the Beaconfield Terrace and similar lines of handsome houses, provided with certain noteworthy communistic features to enhance their luxury. Longwood is an idyllic hamlet just to the left of the Boulevard, with many patrician homes under its overarching trees, grouped around the handsome Gothic Episcopal Church of Our Saviour, with its stone spire, rich stained-glass windows, and broad surrounding lawns. A little way beyond is a stone chapel, built and maintained by the Sears family as a memorial. The luxurious cottages and fragrant gardens, the quiet and refinement of Longwood have long made it a hoped-for ideal for young persons contemplating matrimony ; wherefore one of its little streets has 239 EDWARD EVERETT HALE’S HOME, 39 HIGHLAND STREET, ROXBURY. boston and its surroundings. 241 Kmg's “ How to See Boston."''' borne the popular appellation of “Honeymoon Row.” The Fenway and Riverdale park strip, connecting the Back-Bay Fens with Jamaica Park, occupies the valley to the eastward, with pleasant walks and rambles, Corey Hill rises from the Boulevard on the right, and has many houses. It commands one of the finest views in Eastern Massachusetts. Chestnut- Hill Reservoir, five miles from the Boston City Hall, in Brighton, is the usual terminus of the Boulevard rides. It has 125 acres of water-surface, containing 730,000,000 gallons, and receiving in its two sections the waters from Cochituate Lake and the Sudbury River, either separate or blended, according to desire. The colossal and ingenious pumping machinery, in a large stone building near the Boulevard, will reward inspection. The reservoir is encircled by a splendid macadamized ROXBURY HIGH 6CHCX5L, WARREN AND MONTROSE STREETS, ROXBURY. driveway, 60 or 80 feet wide and two and one half miles long, traversing beautiful grounds and overlooking this beneficent artificial lake, whose irregular curving shores increase the beauty of the scene. Common- wealth Avenue passes near the northern side, in its magnificent course from the Boston Public Garden far out into the Newtons. Beyond the reservoir is the patrician hamlet of Chestnut Hill, the home of the Lees, Lowells, Shaws, and Saltonstalls ; and still farther out is the venerable village of Newton Centre. Brookline proper, the chief business-centre of the town, may be reached by turning from the Boulevard to the southward down Harvard St., pass- ing the very handsome Harvard Congregational Church. Here is the 242 King's ‘ ‘ How to See Boston. ” spacious stone Town Hall ; and also the Public Library (of 30,000 volumes), with several churches and many stores. This town, with up- wards of 12,000 inhabitants and enormous wealth, has at several elections refused to be annexed to the metropo- lis, preferring its own local administration, although nearly surrounded by Boston. Its pleasant valleys and noble hills are traversed by the finest of streets, which it is the fashion here to call “roads,” as Gardner Road, Lanark, Chiswick and Sel- kirk Roads, etc. ; and here are the secluded country-houses of scores of wealthy families. In the remoter rural region is the estate of the fashionable Country Club, made up of 600 swell Bostonians, who find here capital facilities for riding, golf, tennis, shooting, polo and other athletic sports, and good dinners withal. Newton, “the Garden City,” has a dozen picturesque Albany R. R. sta- tions. There are also street-car lines from Boston to Newton, across Cam- bridge or Brookline and Brighton. Newton has 25,000 inhabitants, in 15 beautiful villages, amid much pleasant scenery of hills and forests, lakes and winding streams, meadows and upland plains. It has a handsome Public Library (50,000 volumes), the Baptist Theological Seminary, the Lasell Sem- inary, Lee’s fine Woodland-Park Hotel, delightful boating on the Charles, just below where it is spanned by the grace- ful Echo Bridge, one of the most won- derful pontifical constructions in the world. It is the home of the Rev. Dr. S. F. Smith, who wrote “America.” One may return from Brookline or to Boston quickly by the Albany Railroad ; „<,nument. or more leisurely by the electric cars. mount hope cemetery. QINN & COMPANY, EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHERS REVERE SUGAR REFINERY CO., SUGAR REFINERS. REFINERIES : EAST CAMBRIDGE. OFFICES : BROAD AND CENTRAL STREETS, BOSTON. 250 King's “ How to See Boston.''"' Co., employing 1,000 persons, where visitors will be interested in seeing the rapid and, it may be so called, the humane processes of procuring and preparing meats for mankind. The Revere Sugar Refinery, established in 1872, has an extensive plant at East Cambridge, and is celebrated for producing only the very best qualities of sugars, using exclusively the highest grades of sugar cane, and totally avoiding the use of beets. The products, universally known as “Revere sugars,” are sold by Nash, Spaulding & Co., of Bos- ton, who are the main owners of the refinery. On First St. the eminent school-book firm of Ginn & Co. are estab- lishing a model industrial community, made up of their mammoth brick and stone printing-house, and the comfortable new dwellings of their employees. The text-books of Ginn & Co. , in ancient and modern languages, covering the whole field of education, rank as the peers of any in the world. On Hamp- shire St. are the numerous buildings and offices of the Geo. G. Page Box Company, by far the largest and best- equipped concern in its in- dustry in New England. The variety in shapes, sizes, and qualities of the boxes turned out here for its myriad of patrons is almost incredible. The Riverside Press, less than a mile from Harvard University, on the banks of Charles River, was founded in 1851 by H. O. Hough- ton, and has four acres of grounds, with handsome b u i 1 d in g s and 600 em- ployees. Here are printed the several thousand books bearing the imprint of Houghton, Mifflin & Co., a publishing house not sur- passed in the world. The first printing-press in Amer- ica was set up at Harvard College in 1639. Four beautiful public buildings of Cambridge are essentially the philanthropic gifts of F. H. Rindge, a former resident, whose father, Samuel B. Rindge, left a vast estate. They include the City Hall, a WASHINGTON ELM, AND SHEPARD CHURCH, CAMBRIDGE. 252 Kmg's Hotv to See Boston. noble and stately stone edifice, on Massachusetts Avenue, with a tower which would do honor to Florence ; the Public Library, a very attractive round-arched stone building, at Broadway and Trowbridge St., contain- ing over 50,000 volumes ; the High School, an imposing stone and light pressed-brick structure, opposite the Public Library, for which Mr. Rindge donated the land ; and the ^Manual Training School, a quaint brick building thoroughly equipped for its varied instructions, the whole cost of which, as well as its maintenance, is borne by Mr. Rindge. These three institutions form valuable adjuncts to Cambridge’s Public Schools. Harvard University, the illustrious institution which has made Cam- bridge known in all civilized lands, is in that part of the city known as Old Cambridge. The College Yard includes 22 acres. The Legislature in 1636 appropriated ;i£’400, or an entire year’s tax of the Colony, for a school at Newtown (Cambridge) ; and two years later John Haiward, a young non-conforming curate of Charlestown, died, WASHINGTON’S HEADQUARTERS, LONGFELLOW’S HOME, BRATTLE STREET, CAMBRIDGE. and bequeathed ;^Soo and his library to the new institution, which by legislative act then received his name. By degrees, and with very hard work, the college has freed itself from State and Church, and accumulated property estimated at 812,000,000, while gaining a paramount place in education. The schools of medicine, dentistry, and veterinary medicine are in Boston ; that of agriculture in West Roxbury ; and the academic, scientific, law, divinity, and graduates’ schools, in Cambridge. Each school has its own funds and faculty. In the summer vacation the College Yard is deserted, and outside falls “ the elmy quiet of the dear old Cam- bridge streets,” extending Arlington- ward along Massachusetts Avenue, which Howells called “ not only handsome, but probably the very dullest street in the world.” 254 Kin^s How to See Boston.'' The main entrance to the College Yard is from the western side, through the antique Johnston gateway, designed by McKim, Mead & White. Pertaining to Harvard University are too many buildings to be enumerated here. The venerable Massachusetts Hall, erected in 1720, a barrack for American troops in the Revolution, a dormitory for over a century, is now occupied by lecture-halls. Parkman roomed here. Harvard Hall, with a quaint belfry, was erected in 1765, and now has lecture-rooms, etc. Matthews Hall, a handsome Gothic dormitory, was erected in 1872, at a cost of $120,000. Dane Hall, a little brick building, was from 1830 to 1885 the seat of the Law School. The granite Boyls- ton Hall contains chemical laboratories and collections. Grays Hall, built of brick, in 1863, has 52 suites of dormitories. Wadsworth House (1726), a brown wooden building fronting on Massachusetts Avenue, was for 123 years the home of the Harvard presidents. College House, across the square west from the yard, was the domicile of Evarts, Dana, Justice Gray, Rockwood and G. F. Hoar, Prof. Goodwin and Joseph H. Choate. Gore Hall, a g r a y - granite Gothic building, erected in 1838, and later enlarged, con- tains many inter- esting pictures and busts, and the University Li- brary of 450,000 volumes. Only the Congressional and Boston Public libraries exceed it in number ; and even these have fewer unduplicated books. Weld Hall is a Mansard-roofed brick dormi- tory. University Hall (1815) is a white-granite building, with university offices. Sever Hall, with its recitation and lecture rooms, is one of the notable architectural works of H. H. Richardson. Thayer Hall, erected in 1870, at a cost of $i 15,000, has 68 dormitory suites. The round-arched yellow-stone Appleton Chapel is where the students voluntarily attend religious services. The Fogg Art Museum, with its rounding walls and heavy pillars, is to contain the art-treasures of the university. Holden Chapel, built in 1744, has been later used for instruction and elocutionary practice. Between Hollis and Harvard is the Class Tree, around which half a century of classes about to graduate have enjoyed their peculiar frolics in the presence of their hosts of friends. Holworthy, Stoughton, and Hollis Halls, three ancient brick dormitories, have had many famous 256 Kmg's '‘'‘How to See Boston^ occupanis. In the demure Hollis Hall (1763), Emerson, Sumner, Thoreau, Felton, Hillard, Cushing, E. R. Hoar, G. T. Bigelow, A. P. Peabody, Horatio Greenough, Everett, W. H. Prescott, C. F. Adams, B. R. Curtis and Wendell Phillips roomed when Harvard students. Stoughton Hall (1805) was the domicile of Holmes, President Quincy, Phillips Brooks, A. H. Everett, Judge Preble, and E. E. Hale. Memorial Hall, built by the alumni in 1870-76, at a cost of 8422,000, is of brick and sandstone, 310 by 115 feet, with a conspicuous tower 200 feet high, visible for miles. At the east end is the classical Sanders Theatre, for public exercises and concerts ; and under the tower is the Memorial Transept, 115 feet long and 58 feet high, with marble tablets bearing the names of 1 36 Harv^ard men who were slain in the War for the Union. The immense dining-hall (larger than any in England), where more than 1,200 students eat daily, stretches thence westward, 164 by 60 feet, and 80 feet high, with a grand timber-roof ; a lofty wainscot, em- bellished with scores of portraits of New- England worthies, by artists like Copley and Stuart, Hunt and Vin- ton, Powers and Crawford (cata- logues near entrance) ; many very costly memorial stained-glass win- dows, erected by various classes ; and a magnificent western window, emblazoned with the arms of the Republic, the State, and the Uni- versity. Outside the Memorial- Hall cloister is the fine bronze ideal statue of John Harvard, by D. C. French, erected in 1884. Divinity Avenue leads from the northern side of Memorial Hall to the Divinity School (unsectarian ; but Unitarian in tone), with its pretty library-building ; and the enormous Agassiz Museum of Comparative Zoology, and the Peabody ]Museum of American Archceology and Ethnology, etc., with several acres of floor- space, and millions of curiosities. North of the College Yard is the noble Romanesque Austin Hall, designed by H. H. Richardson for the Harvard Law School ; the modern colonial Hemenway Gymnasium, with its perfect equipment ; the plain brick Jefferson Physical Laboratory, Lawrence Scientific School, and other departments, together with several fine dormitory buildings. Half a mile westward are the many structures of the Observatory and the Botanic Garden, with several acres of grounds, on a pleasant hill. Radcliffe College, on Garden St., with its library, laboratories, etc., is the headquarters of 400 women students, who have similar courses and the same instructors as the Harvard students, with access to the museums, labo- ratories and libraries, and diplomas countersigned by Harvard University. SPHINX, MT. AUBURN CEVETERY, CAMBRIDGE. King's ‘ ‘ How to See Boston, 257 C ambr i d ge Common covers a broad area near the University, with many trees, a bronze statue of John Bridge, one of the Puritan pio- neers, and a lofty monument to 346 Cambridge s o 1 - diers who died in the War for the Union. At its base are several British cannon, trophies of the Revolution. On the west side of the Common, in front of the Shepard Congregational Church, standing in the road, and marked by a tablet, is the elm-tree (300 years old) under which Wash- ington took command of the American army, July 3, 1775. As Dr. Holmes sings : “ O George the Third ; you found it true Our George was more than double you^ For Nature made him so.” Nearly opposite the college gateway is the venerable First Church (Unitarian), used for many years for the Harvard graduation exercises, and in whose yard Allston is buried. Westward is Christ Church (Episcopal), built before the Revolution, and attended by Washington. YACHT CLUB HOUSE, HULL, IN BOSTON HARBOR. 258 Kht^s How to See Boston.’’'' The Episcopal Theological School, westward on Brattle St., surrounds a grassy quadrangle, with its beautiful Gothic stone dormitories, class- rooms, refectory and library, and the exquisite St. John’s Church. This institution dates from 1867 ; and has 40 students. Longfellow’s house, just beyond the Episcopal School, on the same side of Brattle St., is the most famous private house in America (Mount Vernon being public). It is a comfortable mansion, set in broad grounds, amid fine elms. Built in 1759, it was deserted by Col. Vassall, its Tory master, in 1775, and occupied by Washington (and his wife) as head- quarters during the eight months of the siege of Boston. Longfellow came here as a boarder in 1837 ; became possessed of the house later ; and died here in 1882. His family now dwells here. Washington’s office and Longfellow’s study were in the room on the first floor to the right of the NANTASKET BEACH AND THE ATLANTIC HOUSE IN BOSTON HARBOR. door (as you face the house) ; the officers’ room and library being back of it ; and the drawing-room on the other side of the front door. Ad- mirers of the poet have established a memorial park in front of the house, keeping open the view to Charles River. Across Brattle St. from the Longfellow house, but nearer the University Press, is the Vassall mansion, built about 17CX), and in 1775-76 the headquarters of the medi- cal staff of the army, and a hospital for the wounded from Bunker Hill. Farther on is the home of John Bartlett, whose “Familiar Quota- tions ” has run through many editions. Lowell’s house, “ Elmwood,” is some way beyond Longfellow’s, on the same side of Brattle St. This also was built before the Revolution, and deserted by its Royalist owner, Lieut. -Gov. Oliver. Lowell, the poet and essayist, dwelt here many years, and wrote some of his best works King's How to See Boston.''^ 259 in a far-viewing third-floor room. He died here in 1891. The family of Ole Bull were tenants here. Mount-Auburn Cemetery, one of the most beautiful, and the first garden cemetery, in the world (opened in 1831), lies beyond Old Cam- bridge (street-cars). It may be reached most quickly by the Fitchburg Railway from Boston. On the north is the charming park around Fresh Pond ; on the south, Charles River winds seaward. Note the ponderous Egyptian entrance ; the statue of Hosea Ballou ; the bronze statue of Bowditch, to the right, inside ; the grand Sphinx, commemorating the slain National soldiers in the War for the Union ; and the handsome Chapel, in which are Greenough’s statue of Winthrop, Crawford’s of James Otis, Randolph Rogers’s of John Adams, and Story’s of Joseph NANTASKET BEACH, IN BOSTON HARBOR. Story. Phillips Brooks’s grave is not far from the Chapel, on Mimosa Path. On the left of the entrance-gate is James Russell Lowell’s grave ; and above it, on Indian Ridge, the marble sarcophagus of Longfellow. Francis Parkman is farther east, on Indian Ridge ; and Oliver Wendell Holmes on Lime Avenue, beyond. Agassiz is covered by a rough stone block, on Bellwort Path ; and elsewhere are the monuments to Chan- ning, Spurzheim, Felton, Fields, Prescott, Palfrey, Ticknor, Sparks, Fanny Fern, Burlingame, Rufus Choate, Asa Gray, N. P. Willis, Doro- thea L. Dix, and John Murray, the founder of Universalism in America. The highest hill is crowned by a far-viewing tower, near which are the last resting-places of Edwin Booth, Charlotte Cushman, Everett and Sumner. The beauty of this wide area of hills, vales and ponds has been improved by landscape-gardening, fine trees and rich flowers. The cem- etery is open to visitors, except on Sunday, from 7 A. M. until sunset. BOSTON HARBOR. V ERY comfortable steamboats leave Rowe’s WTiarf many times daily, in summer, for Hull, Hingham and Nantasket. It is often quite refreshing, on a hot day in town, to make this little salt-water journey, especially if the wind is east, and the steamer uncrowded. After the boat is well into the stream, and past the yachts moored on the Upper Middle Shoal, the Navy Yard and the big English steamships at East Boston appear on the left ; and on the right South Boston swells upward, from the docks and factories near the water, to the Blind Asylum on the heights. Farther out are the fine gray walls of Fort Independence. On the opposite side of the channel rise the high bluffs of Governor’s Island, granted to Gov. Winthrop in 1632, and held in his family till 1808. The ponderous bastions and traverses of Fort Winthrop, and its formidable citadel mounted with long Parrott guns, now occupy the hills, with connected water-batteries. Beyond this embattled island, well in-shore toward the pleasant peninsular town of Winthrop, is Apple Island, marked by its tall elms. On the other side of the ship-channel, back of Castle Island, appear the ancient yellow brick buildings and dark groves of the Farm School, on Thompson’s Island, where 100 indigent boys are given book, farm, and industrial instruction, with a care for their morals, manners and sports. When grown up, places are found for them. The institution dates from 1814, and occupied this spacious and pleasant island (an Indian trading-post in 1626) in 1835. Next, near the channel, come the high bluffs of Spectacle Island, where for 38 years the dead horses of Boston have been converted into useful products. Next our course lies across President Roads, with Deer Island on the left front, bearing the municipal House of Industry, the House of Reformation for Girls, a truant-school, and other places of deten- tion. It was once a deer- haunted forest of 200 acres ; and afterwards a prison for hundreds of Indian captives. A light-house occupies one of its headlands. THE “ MINUTE MAN " AT CONCORD. Long Island, miles long, with several sea-gnawed bluffs, has a spacious modern brick building for the city’s paupers. On the heights at the seaward end is a round white lighthouse, and also a battery for the defense of Broad Sound. The sea-wall 260 26 i icing's How to See Boston.'''' below cost $150,000. A picturesque village of Azore-Island fishermen occupied the eastern bay until 1885, when they were evicted by the city. Beyond Long Island is the green bluff of Gallop’s Island, with the neat white hospital and other buildings of the Quarantine station ; the low plain of Lovell’s Island, with the wharf and spare buoys of the U. -S. Lighthouse service ; the weird black beacon of Nix’s Mate, with its grisly legends of oldtime pirates ; and Rainsford Island, the seat of city almshouses. Out- side lies a range of seven rocky islets, several of which are inhabited by groups of daring fishermen. One of them carries the tall white tower of TUCKER’S LANDING, MARBLEHEAD. Boston Light, built in 1783, on the site of one blown up by British marines in 1 776. There was some hard fighting hereabouts during the Revolution. The Bug Light rises out of the water from a long gravelly bar, standing on spidery iron pillars, but snugly inhabited, and flashing a red light over the sea at night. Fort Warren, built in 1833-50, on George’s Island, has a garrison of Federal artillerists, and commands the narrow entrance of the harbor with an armament of 400 cannon. The handsome granite walls are partly hidden by modern earthworks and water-batteries of enormous thickness. The barbette guns are visible, and the sentries at the main gate, and the bright garrison-flag. Fort Warren was fully garrisoned during the War for the Union, and held in durance thousands of Confed- erate prisoners, including Alex. H. Stephens, Mason and Slidell, Buck- ner, and many generals, besides disloyal civilians from the Border States. Farther on, after a view out to sea, down Nantasket Roads, the steamboat rushes through the narrow Hull Gut, with the lonely bluffs of 262 Kmg's How to See Boston.''' Peddock’s Island on the right, and on the other side the much-frequented Hotel Pemberton. Hull, with its steamboat-piers, Hull Yacht-Club house, hotels great and small, and many summer-cottages, lies in the very breath of the sea, surrounded by salt water. Back of it rises Telegraph Hill, bearing the remains of a fort planned by Lafayette, and long garrisoned by French troops and Massachusetts militia. Many a heavy round shot from this sea-viewing eyrie crashed into His Majesty’s frigates in Nantasket Roads, or hurtled out to check British blockaders venturing too far inward. Hundreds of our French allies lie buried on the lower eastern slope of the ECHO BRIDGE, BOSTON AQUEDUCT, NEWTON UPPER FALLS. hill. Hull was settled some years before Boston ; and earlier in this cen- tury was enlarged by mariners from the Dalmatian coast of the Adriatic, and similar outlandish places, whose descendants remain in the quaint hamlet. Lord Nelson cruised off here, on blockade-duty. Scores of fatal wrecks have occurred on the perilous rocks outside of Hull. Nantasket Beach is reached from Hull by the steamboat crossing Hingham Bay and ascending the serpentine Weir River ; or by a railway, running along the sea-bounds. It is a fine expanse of gray sand, several miles long, between the ocean and the harbor, beaten by a light surf, and affording opportunity for safe bathing. Above the high-tide line are groups of hotels, restaurants, chowder-houses, and bathing-houses, where Anglo-Saxon-Celtic-Latin-Slav Boston sends tens of thousands of her citizens on torrid summer days. It is a grand place for “a good time ” in a democratic way. Inland people who would appreciate the mystery and Kin^s How to See Boston^ 263 magic and awe of the sea will find less human distraction at a lonely beach like the Humarocks, down in the Old Colony, or on the lofty and picturesque wave-beaten rocks of East Point, at Nahant. Hingham, visited by some of the harbor-boats, is a quaint and vener- able village, once well-known in maritime commerce, but now mainly regarded as a place of summer-homes, and the campground of the Cadets. The church known as the “Old Ship,” built in 1681, and still used by the First Parish, has a long steep roof running up on four sides to a balus- traded platform and a narrow pointed belfry. It is said to be the oldest church in continuous use in New England. Back of this building is the grave - yard, on a terraced hill, with tall monuments “To the Early Settlers of Hingham,” and the 76 soldiers who died in the War for the Union ; the tomb of Gen. Lincoln (a native of Hingham), who com- manded the Army of the South in 1778-80 ; and a noble statue over the grave of War- Governor Andrew. Pleasant roads lead in- land by Liberty Plain to Queen Anne Corner and Assinippi ; and seaward to the grand Jerusalem Road, following the rocky coast for miles, and lined by broad patrician estates. Govs. Andrew and Long were residents of Hingham. R. H. Stoddard was born here. A large illustrated book has been writ- ten about the Indian, colonial and subse- quent legends and picturesque occurrences on and about the harbor islands. No other American bay has such a wealth of history, tradition and poetry. None on the North Atlantic coast surpasses it in natural beauty. Here is the yachting headquarters of the Western World, for though New York has richer yachtsmen and more costly boats, the Yankee bay has a vastly greater number, and very many more men who find delight in blue-water sailing. As to their quality, the old Anierica (that won the cup), the Purita 7 t, Mayflower and Volunteer, were all Massachusetts yachts. The harbor has more yachts, more regattas, and more yacht clubs (23 ; with 3,000 members) than any other in the world. Plymouth (Old Colony R. R. ; 37 miles) is a quiet provincial seaport of 8,000 inhabitants. Plymouth Rock, “ the corner-stone of the Repub- lic,” is a boulder down near the harbor, protected by a lofty granite canopy, whose upper part contains the bones of the pilgrims who died in the bitter winter of 1620-21. The National Monument to the Forefath- ers is an immense and noble marble and granite memorial. POWDER HOUSE AT SOMERVILLE. WELLESLEY COLLEGE, FOR HIGHER EDUCATION OF WOMEN. WELLESLEY, MASS., ON THE BOSTON & ALBANY RAILROAD. 265 CHELSEA, CONCORD AND WELLESLEY. C HELSEA, reached by steam and street-cars from Boston and Charles- town, across the Mystic River, passing the handsome U.-S. Naval Hospital (a granite building erected in 1836-65, with 75 acres of grounds), is a city of 30,000 inhabitants, with the noted Low art-potteries and tile- works, and rope-walks and other industries, the most famous of which is the vast establishment of the Forbes Lithograph .Manufacturing Co., whose art and commercial productions are unsurpassed in America or Europe, and whose customers cover the continent. The Mass. Soldiers’ Home, with hundreds of disabled veterans, crowns Powder-Horn Hill, overlooking the sea and harbor, and all the northern suburbs. Wood- lawn, two miles out, is the chief cemetery in the northern suburbs, and has beautiful avenues and monuments, the far-viewing Chapel and Elm Hills, and the curious Gingko trees. Concord, 20 miles from Boston by the Fitchburg Railroad, contains the former dwelling of Emerson ; the Wayside house, where Hawthorne dwelt ; the old home of Louisa M. Alcott ; the Old Manse, Emer- son’s and Hawthorne’s home for years ; and the graves of Emerson, Thoreau and Haw- thorne, on a hill in Sleepy-Hollow Cemetery : Emerson’s, with a rose-quartz boulder ; Haw- thorne’s, a low marble headstone over a myrtle-clad grave, with arbor-vitae hedges ; the blue-granite headstone of Thoreau ; and the five low marble stones over A. B. Alcott and his daughter Louisa and her “Little Women.” Just beyond the Old Manse is the bridge about which began the battle of April 19, 1775, when 400 minute-men drove away three companies of British light infantry. The bodies of the slain Royalists lie buried near the bridge, on the further side of which is D. C. French’s noble bronze statue of “The Minute- Man.” The Public Library, besides its 20,000 books, has many curiosi- ties, with fine paintings and busts. Channing, Hoar, Sanborn, Everett, Mann, Margaret Fuller and G. W. Curtis were dwellers in Concord. Wellesley (Albany R. R. ; 14 miles) is celebrated for its college for women, whose picturesque main building, 475 feet long, was designed by Hammatt Billings, “the artist-architect.” There are several other fine edifices, rich art-collections, and an immense library. The college dates from 1875 > about 1,000 students and 300 acres of beautiful grounds bordered by Lake Waban and the superb Hunnewell gardens. The End, not of the Story, but of this Book. NORUMBEGA TOWER, CHARLES RIVER. 267 MACULLAR, PARKER & COMPANY, A Utopian Industrial Establishment. Howells’s Altruria and Bellamy’s Utopia are approached in the happy independence of nearly a thousand working men and women in the in- dustry told about in these pages. And this result is gained, not by gov- ernmental socialism or posing philanthropy, but by a wise observance of natural and business laws. The heads devote their time, thought and policy to providing means, materials and a market ; the hands collaborate by using the materials with such skill and faithfulness that the market is always ready for more. The hours for work are as short and the holidays and half-holidays are as frequent as in any place of extensive business. The two groups — the men at the head, and the guild of handworkers — regard each other with mutual esteem and respect, and form a prosperous and con- tented industrial community. It is well worth while for our myriads of visitors from other cities to spend an hour or two in this mercantile college, and see what Boston does toward solving certain vexed problems of the day. It is well known that a large portion of the ready-made clothing worn in America is put together in the sweaters’ shops, in crowded and filthy tenement-houses. The makers are half-civilized foreigners, ground down to the edge of starvation and illness. It is impossible here to give de- tails as to the unspeakable squalor of these sweat-shops, or to suggest the general peril attendant upon wearing garments made amid such sur- roundings. Legislative investigations, the eloquence of many pulpits, the search-lights of the public press, have revealed these dire iniquities. In this house, however, there are no germ-factories, no haunts of poisonous bacteria, no sources of multiplying microbes. Here are work- rooms covering a tenth of an acre each, exceptional in neatness, with pure air and bright sun-light, and populated by healthy and happy workers. There is an open invitation for all persons to visit these halls during business-hours ; and many avail themselves thereof, to see the workings of a vast ideal industry, in the heart of a metropolis. This establishment is in a sense a commonwealth. Its continuous success has been largely based upon the continuous comfort and effici- ency of its employees, quite a considerable number of whom have been at work for this firm constantly during periods ranging from ten to forty years. 269 ONE OF THE WORKSHOPS.— MACULLAR, PARKER & COMPANY, 272 Khtg's How to See Bostoii,'*'* The appointments of the work-rooms as to light, air, and general equipment have been so perfected that it seems as if nothing need be added for the comfort and content of the toilers. Nowhere is there a dark, obscure or imclean corner. The ventilation is ensured by the best processes, flooding the rooms continually with fresh pure air. The best of New- England sunlight pours in through scores of great windows. In summer the rooms are cool ; in winter, abundant warmth is furnished. There is an elevator to convey the people to their places of labor ; and plentiful facilities are given for warming their mid-day luncheons, if they prefer not to go outside for them. The history of an industry like this, materially more important than many of the so-called public institutions, is full of interest and suggestive- ness. Here an army of trained men and women, large enough to make a mediaevak guild, earns the wherewithal to comfortably support a popula- tion equal to that of a goodly village ; and the production of the materials used in their work supports other villages in England and Scotland, France and New England. This great and far-reaching ^business found its origin in inland Worcester, about the middle of the century, when two young men formed the firm of Addison Macullar & Co., for the sale of ready-made clothing. Their fair methods and accurate perceptions soon won so much success that they sought a broader field of development ; and therefore removed to Boston, in 1852. Here they found an equal success; and the opening out of the business required several successive moves, from Ann St. to Milk St., and thence to the site of the old Washington Coffee- House, on Washington St., and thence to the building previously occupied by Warren’s dry-goods emporium. Here they remained from i860 to 1864, and then transferred this ever-growing trade to its present site, at No. 400 Washington St., which it has now held for nearly a third of a cen- tury. By this time the firm name was Macullar, Williams & Parker, which in 1879, changed to the present style of Macullar, Parker & Company. The establishment is in the centre of the retail district, where Frank- lin and Summer, Bromfield and School Sts. draw their thousands of busy shoppers every day. The sales-rooms are each 220 feet long, so that if Bunker- Hill Monument w’ere taken dowm and laid in either of them, the doors could be shut upon both ends at the same time. The street-floor of 400 Washington St. is devoted to fine garments for men and boys, a vast stock, continually drawm down by the daily sales, and as often replenished by the newest and most fashionable styles. These garments are manu- factured from choice and thoroughly tested materials, in the spacious work-rooms overhead, where several hundreds of the happiest, most 274 King's How to See Boston'' skilful and most contented operatives in the United States are kept busy. The whole work is simplified to the extreme, and as each operative being kept at the same kind of work all the time, the most efficient skill is obtained. The patrons include the better class of men of New England, members of the learned professions, visitors from other cities, and the country gentry, — in fact, those classes who cannot content themselves with slop-shop garments. It was Ralph Waldo Emerson who said that “The consciousness of being well-dressed brings a peace of mind which revealed religion cannot give.” A saying not without value, as showing the importance of proper and appropriate garments. How extensive has been the sartorial range of development, from the light and inexpensive summer suit of fig-leaves worn by Adam down to the superb scarlet silk robes, with a train ten feet long, in which Cardinal Gibbons swept down through the chancel of Boston Cathedral, in May, 1895 ! these latter days, for an intelligent man to be ill-dressed causes remark, as when an eminent statesman of the war time said : “President Lincoln’s trousers may bag at the knees, but his statesmanship doesn’t.” Longfellow, Lowell, Holmes, Aldrich, and others to whom Boston looks up were among the most carefully clad men of their time (and all, excepting perhaps Lowell, were constant patrons of this house). And since the evolution of humanity, as well as the laws and the climate, compel us to wear curiously fashioned fabrics of cloth, it is well to drape these corporeal temples with skill and good taste. Here, then, we find the various articles of costume, planned on the ad- vanced lines of contemporary taste and fashion, constructed of the finest and most durable materials to be found in America or Europe, and put together with a trained mechanical skill and an observance of details which ensures unusual durability. Scores of thousands of men visit Boston to quicken their hearts with new and invigorated ideas of true patriotism, religion and fraternity. It may be well, also, to secure a further memorial of this well-groomed old Puritan City, by clothing the temples in which those earnest hearts dwell in habiliments of taste and strength. Thoroughness and precision have prevailed in every detail for half a century. To sell an unsatisfactory garment bearing their name would be more serious for them than for the purchaser. Some fabrics are better and costlier than others, but all are good. Figuratively speaking, but- tons sewed on here are as firmly anchored as the Pyramids ; seams are as solid as electric-welded metals. The garments will, during years of use, lose their touch with fashion, or become tiresome to the wearer, but they always satisfy the reasonable patron, for the work of building has been 276 Kmg^s How to See Boston.'''' honestly and well done. It may be, that the vast array of clothing in the white Corinthian halls at 40x3 Washington St. may not contain the exact color, or pattern, or fit to suit some special cases. In that event, there is a great custom department, covering an equal area, and under the same ownership, containing cloths of an almost limitless variety as to color, design and texture, to be made up on order, with the certainty of an accurate fit, in any desired form. The building at 400 Washington St. went down in the Great Fire of 1872, but its grand white-marble facade withstood the utmost fury of the sea of flames, and stood like a monument to the ruined city, until its removal for the widening of the street. Upon the same site, the firm built, restoring the original front, a new and extensive structure, planned in every way with, singular care and thoughtfulness, for the purposes of a safe, light, airy and commodious manufactory and sales-room for clothing. It seemed as if this huge edifice would servx the utmost purposes of the business forever ; but its good repute spread more rapidly than its plant. Such a volume of trade poured in from all over the States and Canada, that the manufacturing operations became pinched for room, and the upper stories of the building next to the northward were opened to relieve this pressure. In 1884, the adjoining building was annexed for the custom department, whose books contain the names of many of the foremost gentlemen of the Eastern States. At No. 400 is the men’s furnishing goods department, in itself a good-sized establishment. A large and fully equipped department for boys’ clothing of high grade is conducted to the manifest external improvement of thousands of junior Bostonians. An important department is that for selling piece goods and tailors’ trimmings at wholesale. Travelling salesmen employed by the firm visit all the most important cities and towns of the Northern States, with samples, and supply the wants of large numbers of the best merchant = tailors. The making of a full line of superior grades of white vests, which are supplied to the foremost tailors and clothiers of this country, has been a specialty here for many years. The assortment of woolen piece goods includes the finest that are made the world over. The firm has an agency in London, to secure the best and most fashionable English, Scotch and Continental cloths, from season to season, so that the materials worn here may be the same as those in contemporary favor in London and Paris. Thus it is that this great house with its wide-spread ramifications, its model workshops, its honorable methods, its high-grade productions, its long-established success, may well be regarded as an ideal industry. MACULLAR, PARKER & COMPANY. INDEX. The black figures (163) indicate illustrations ; Italic figures {158) maps ; plain Roman figures (258) ordinary references, Abattoir, 245. Abbey, Edwin A., 146. Abboit-Lawrence Mansion, 94. A. B. C. F. M., 159. Abolition Riots, 14. Adams, Charles Francis, 165. Adams House, 108, 109, 106. Adams, John, 26, 160. Adams, John Quincy, 26, loi. Adams Nervine Asylum, 235. Adams, Sam., 26, 92, 99, 162, 187. Adams (Sam.) Statue, 17, 19, 22, Adams Square, 17, 19, 22. Adath Israel Temple, 176. Advent, Church of the, 166, 196. Adventists, 14. Advertiser, the, 5^, 125, 127, 128. Agassiz, Louis, 140, 259, Agassiz Museum, 256, 253. Aged Women, Home for, 165. Albion Building, 90. Alcott, A. B., 99, 266. Aldrich, Thomas Bailey, 165. Alg onquin Club, 150, 176,157. Allen. Gymnasium, 153. Allston, 244. Allston, the Painter, 76, 142, 244, 257. America, the Yacht, 263. Am. Academy Arts and Sciences, 160. American Bombardment, 9. American House, 187. American Loan & Trust Co., 21, 34, 36, 52. American Peace Society, it;9. American Waltham Watch Co., 5, 112. Ames Building, 10, 15, 16, 17, 52, 56. Ames Plow Co., 25. Ancient and Honorable Artillery Co., 26. Andrew, Gov. John A., 17, 26, 97, 156; Statue, 191, 162. Andros, Sir Edmond, 76. Annexations. 9. Antenomians, 9. Appalachian Mountain Club, 94. Arch St., 66, 67, 69. Archway Bookstore, 10,52, 116, 91. Aristides, 166. Arlington-St. Church, 138, 157. Armenian Sympathy, 22. Army and Navy Monument, 95. 13 1, 97. Arnold Arboretum, 158, 235. Art ( lub, the Boston, 157, 148, 156, 168. Art Museum, Boston, 157,142, 144, 186. Art School, Mass. Normal, 157, 150, 181. and black titles (Historical) chapters. Art School, T42. Ashburton, Lord, 22. Ashburton Place, 160, 190, Ashmont, 225. Asiatic commerce, 9. AspinwalEs Wharf, 196. Athenaeum, the Boston, 10, 160, 188. Athenaeum, the Fellowes, 228. Athenaeum, the Howard, 168. Athenaeum Press, 247. Athletic Assn., Boston, 157, 153, 184- Atlantic Avenue, 76, 197, 199. Atlantic Monthlv, 94. Attucks (Crispus) Monument, 94, loi. Auburndale, 148. Back Bay : 156, i6q, Birdseye View, 161. Cambridge View, 245. Back Bay District, 130, 158, 161, map of, 157 ; names, 150. Back Bay Fens, 148, 156, 158, 235. Baldwin, William H., 104. Ball, the Sculptor, 134, 138, 162. Bancroft, George, 76. Bangor Steamers, 206, 207. Baptist Bethel, 90. Baptist Church, 9. Baptist Headquarters, 90. Baptist Tabernacle, 168. Baptist Theological Seminary, 242. Bar Association, 48. Barnes (F. G.) & Appleton, 30. Barnes & Dunklee, 140, 141. Barnum Museum, 195. Barricade, the, 197. Bartlett’s Familiar Quotations, 259. Bartol, Rev. Dr. Cyrus A., 165, 167. Barton, Wm. A., 54. Base-Ball Grounds, 180. Bates Hall, 146. Batterymarch St., 48, 66. Battery Wharf, 196. Battle-flags, 162. Bay State (jas Co., loi. “ Bay State” Steamship, 202, 204. Beacon, the old, 162. Beacon Hill and West End, 159-168. Beacon Hill, 7, 159, 167. Beacon St., i. 56, 90, 95, 96, 161,163, i88« Beecher, Henry Ward, 86. Beethoven Statue, 92. Bellevue Hotel, t6o. Bendall, Edward, ii. Berkeley Hotel, 186, 157, Berkeley Temple, 176. 28 o King's How to See Boston." Berkshire Life Insurance Co., 53, 54, 51. 50. Bigelow, Kennard & Co., 106, 108, 109, no. Bishop’s Alley, 80. Blackstone Square, 158, 170, 180, 182. Blaxton, William, 166. Blind Alley, 80. Blind Asylum, 221, 260, 234. Blue Hills, 229. Booth, Edwin, 83, 108, 1^0, 150, 165,259. Boston & Albany Railroad, 2, 74 , 210, 212, So, 180. Boston & Bangor Steamship Co., 74 , 206, 207. Boston & Maine Railroad, 192. Boston and Surroundings, map, 240 . Boston College, 183, 214. Boston Daily Standard, 91, 112, 115, 125. Boston Fruit Co., 202, 203. Boston Gaslight Co., loi, 195. Boston Harbor, 260-263, 221. Boston Ice Co., 39. Boston in 1857, 4 * Boston Library, 130. Boston, the name, 7. Boston Proper Map of, 2 . Boston Safe Deposit & Trust Co., 55, 59 Boston Stone, the, 187. Boston Storage & Warehouse Co., 153. Boston Theatre, 104, 109, 106. Boston Traveler, 10, 122, 123, 28, 52, 125. Boston University, 14, 70, 159, 165. Bostonian Society. 28. Botolph’s Town, 7. Bot’s Town, 7. Boulevard, 239. Bouvd, Crawford & Co., Corpn., 52, 106, 104, 105, 129, 82. Bowditch, Nathl., 76. Bowdoin Square, ii, 168. Bowdoin-Sq. Theatre, 168. Boylston Building, 105, 106, 186. Boylston Hotel, loi, 103, 106,186. Boylston St., 133, 139. Boylston St. from Berkeley to Dart- mouth, 139. Boylston Market, 104. Bradlee, N. J., 54. Bradstreet Company, the, 70, 71, 74 , 72. Brattle Square Church, 17, 148. Brattle Street, 12, 17, 19, 20. Brazer’s Building, 28, 30, 52. Brazer Inn, 32. Brewer, (Gardner) Fountain, 97, 96. Bridewell, the, 92. Briggs, Richard, 10, 52, 91. Brigham’s Restaurant, 107. Brighton, 243-245, 9, 213. Brimstone Corner, 92. Brine, Wm. H., 12. British Coffee House, 40. British Garrison, 9, 48, 120, 169. Broad St., 41, 42, 46. Broadway National Bank, 52,66, 67, 91. Bromtield-St. Methodist Church, 92. Brook Farm, 238. Brookline and Newton, 239-242. Brookline, 170, 213, 239-242, 148. Brooks, Phillips, 86, 97, 140, 142, 256, 259. Bug Light. 26 r. Brunswick, the Hotel, 157 , 140, 141, 186. Bulfinch, 22, 70, 162- Bull, Ole, 99, 259. Bunch-of-(jrapes Tavern, 40. Bunker Hill, 3, 189, 191, 195, 215. Bunker-Hill Monument, 2, 158, 229, 230, 215. Burditt & Williams, ig, 21, 23, 22. Burlingame lying in State, 22. Burnham Antique Bookstore, 12 1, 123. Burnham T. O. H. P., 86, I2i, 123. Business District, ii. Bussey Institution, 235. Butler (W. S.) & Co., 10, 91. Bynner, the Novelist, 48, 213. Cadets’ Armory, 172, 201, 157, 186. Cambridge, Harvard and Mt. Au- burn, 246-259, 253. Cambridge, 166, 168. 184. Cambridge, City Hall, 251, 245. Cambridge Common, 257. Cambridge Elm, 257. 250. Cambridge High School, 252. Cambridge Manual Training School, 252, 246. Cambridgeport. 44, 246. (Cambridge Public Library, 252, 246. Camera Club, 92. Carney Hospital, 223. Carter Building, 52, 125. Cass Statue, 134, 137. Castle Island, 9. 223, 260, Castle Square Theatre, 176, 186. Cathedral Building, 70. 73, 74 . Cathedral of the Holy Cross, 70, 170, 210, 178, i8t, 182. Cavalry Battalion, 142, Central Burying-Ground, 94, Central Congregational Church, 157 , 138. 161, 139, 164. Central Street, 40, 46, 47, 49, 21. Central Wharf, 40, 202. Chamber of Commerce, 47, 21, 40. Change Avenue, 32. Channmg. Wm. E., 22, 138. Charity Bureau, 168. Charlesbank, 166. Charlesgate, 156. Charles River, ii, 130, 150, 169, 187, 242. Charles II., 17. 28i Kmg's How to See Boston.'''' Charles St., 95, 96, 131, 165. Charles- St. Methodist Church, 165. Charlestown, 2 15-2 17. Charlestown, 157, 0,158,195, 216; Sol- diers’ and Sailors’ Monum’t, 216, 232. Chauncy-Hall School, 148, 157. Chelsea, Concord and Wellesley, 266, 70, 187, 196. Chesbro, F. A., 54. Chester Square, 158, 184. Chestnut Hill Reservoir, 241, 244, 148. Chickering Hall, loi. Chickering, Jonas, 176. Chickering & Sons, 5, loi, 176, 177. Children’s Hospital, 153. Children’s Mission, 176. Chinese, 104. Choate, Joseph H,, 254. Choate, Rufus, 17. Christ Episcopal Church, 190, 219. Christian- Endeavor, Gen’l Society of, 104, 107, 134. Christian Leader, loi. Christian Scientists, 156. Church of St. Peter (Cath.), 225. Church of the Disciples, 174, 180, 205. Church of the Messiah, 153. Church of the Unity. 180. “City of Bangor,’’ Steamer, 206, 207. City Hall, 10, 14, 52, 74, 86, 88, 123, 128. City Hospital, 184, 185. City Point, South Boston, 221. Claflin, William, 97. Clarendon-St. Baptist Church, 178. Clarke, James Freeman, 9, 86, i^, 174. Clarke (W. B.) & Co., 119. Clark’s Boston Tavern, 116, 52, 10, 91. Clark’s Hotel, 108, 109, 106. Clark, Ward & Co., 52, 60, 64. Clearing House, 21, 34, 39, 40. Clinton, Gen., 26. Cochituate Lake. Cole, Samuel, 32. Collins & Fairbanks, 112, 116, 117,91. Colonial Charter, 9, Columbia Theatre, 18 1. Columbus Ave., 131, 159, 169, 170, 171. Columbus Statue, 166, 208, 210, 182. Comer’s Commercial College, 107. Commerce, 9, 201. Commercial Cable Co., 41, 42. Commercial National Bank, 47. Commercial Street, 25, 43, 44, 195, 197. Commercial Wharf, 2, 197. Common, the, 93, 94, 95, 96,97, 99, 165. Commonwealth Avenue, 152, 161, 157, 148, 169, 170, 172, 241, 158. Concord, 266, 3-Minute Man, 260, 266. Congregational House, 10, i <;g, 188. Congress Street, 28, 56, 58, 59, 31, 32, 33 » 34, 48, 50, 5 «* 53. Conklin, William J., 186, 174, 175. “ Constitution,” U. S. Frigate, 196. Constitution Wharf, 196. Copeland, Charles, 90. Copley, John S., 142, 164. Copley Square, 157, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 150, 158. 186. Copley Square Hotel, 157, 153, 154. Copp’s Hill Burying Ground, 190, 216, 218, 195. Cordley (F. R.) & Co., 21, 39, 40. Corey Hill, 156, 241. Corn Court, 32. Cornhill, 12, 17, 18, 10. Cotton Hill, 164. Cotton, John, 86. Country Club, 242. Court House, 10, 13, 12, 14. Court House, the Old, 14, 10. Court Square, 128, 10. Court Street, ii, 12, 16, 17, 18, 10. Cowdin, 26. Cow Lane, 80. Cowley Fathers, 162, 167. Cradle of Liberty, 22. Crawford House, 10, 19. Crawford Shoe Store, 52, 106, 104, 128, 105, 129, 82. Cromwell. 17. Cromwell’s Head Tavern, 90. Crosby, C. A. W., iii. Crowell (Thomas Y.) & Co., 76, 78. Curtis & Motley, 39. Cushman, Charlotte, 90, 189, 259. Custom House, 21, 32, 40, 41, 43, 45, 46, 202. Custom House, the Old Colonial, 28. Dame, Stoddard & Kendall, 52, 116, 118, 91. Damrell & Upham, 124, 125. Davenport, A. H,, 19. Davis (Curtis) & Co., 21, 40, 44. Deaf-Mute Schools, 153. Dearborn, Gen., 26, 32. Debt, 9. Declaration of Independence, 54, 90, 92. Deer Island, 260. Deland, Margaret, 165. D’Estaing, Count, 22, 26. De Joinville, Prince, 22. Destitute Catholic Children’s Home,i83. Devonshire Street, 27, 29, 30, 51, 53, 60, 63, 64, 65, 66, 70, 71. DeWolfe, Fiske & Co., 112, 52, 10, 91. Dickens, Charles, 90, 99. Dilke, Sir Charles, 213. Diocesan House, 164. Dispensary, Boston, 180. Ditson COliver) Co., T12, 123. Doane (Francis) & Co., 21, 40, 42. Doane Street, 49. 282 King^s ‘ ‘ How io See Boston. Dock Square, 19, 22, 23. Doll & Richards, 10 , 92. 93. Dorchester, 224-225, 9, 156. Draft Riots, 191. Drowne, Deacon Shem, 26. Dyer, Col W. H., 54. East Armory, 183. East Boston, 218, 196. East Cambridge, 26, 246. Echo Bridge, Newton Falls, 242, 262. Election Sermons, 120. Elgin, Lord, 22. Eliot Burial-Ground, 226. Eliot, Charles W., 97. Eliot. John, 226. Elks Building, 108. Elmwood, 259, 254. Elysium Club, 153. Emancipation Statue, 131, 159, 160. Embargo, the, 24. Emerson ( D. R.) & Co., 99, 91 , 106 . Emerson, Ralph W., 76, 86, 123, 148, 213, 216, 266. Emmanuel Episcopal Church, 138, 156, 157 . Endicott-Street Region, 191. English Settlers, 7. Episcopal Theological Seminary, 258. Equitable Life Assurance Soc., 54, 63. Equitable Life Building, 5 £, 54, 57, 60, 62, 63, 64, 74 . Eric (Leif) Statue, 148. Essex Street, 80. Estes & Lauriat, 123. Ether Monument, 134. European Commerce, 9. Everett, Edward, 22, 26, 94, 128, 146, 266 ; Statue, 134, 250. Exchange Club, 48, 60, 66. Exchange Place, 34, 48. Exchanges, 26, 35. Exchange Street, 29, 35. Express Office, 70. Eye and Ear Infirmary.Mass.Char., 166. Fairbanks, Brown & Co., 60, 61. Fairbanks Company, 5 ^^ 60, 61. Fall- River Line, 131. Faneuil Hall, 19, SI. 22, 23, 24, 26, 32. Faneuil Hall Market, 24, 25, 26. Faneuil-Hall Square, 24, 25. Faneuil, Peter, 22, 24, 86, 92. Farlow Building, 21 , 40. Farmers’ Market, 199. Farragut Square, 48. Farragut Statue, 223, 235. Federal Constitution Ratification, 80. Federal Courts, 09, 48. Federal Square 48.- Federal Street, 57, 58, 61, 62, 63, 66. Federal Street Theatre, 70, 76. Fenway, 241. Field’s Corner, 225. Filled Land, o, 26, 40, 76, 195. Fire of 1872. 6, 8, 66. Fire, 1889 (Thanksgiving Day), 80. Fire, 1893 (March 10), 80. First Baptist Church, 157 , 148, 149, 156, 160. First Catholic Church, 90. First Church, 28, 140, 157 , 165. First Episcopal Church, 86. First Masonic Lodge, loi. First Methodist Church, 189, First National Bank. 52 . First Newspaper, 108. First Parish Church, Roxbury, 226. First Presbyterian Church, 172. First Spiritual Temple, 150, 182. First State Library, 162. First Theatre Play, 40. First Underwriter, 48. First Unitarian Church, 86, 157 . First Washington Monument, 190. Fisheries Museum, 199, 200. Fish Industry, 199. Fisk (Harvey) & Sons, 21 , 34, 38. Fiske Building, 21 , 40, 56. Fitchburg Station, 2 , 195, 223. Five Cents Savings Bank, 10 , 91 . Forbes Lithograph Mnfg. Co., 70, 266, 264. Foreign Consulates, 40. Forest- Hills Cemetery,235, 233, 228,232. Fort Hill, 9, 76, 197, 205. Fort Hill Square, 80, 76, 158 , 74. Fort Independence, 223, 260. Fortifications, 9. Fort Point Channel, 2 , 181, 208, 74. Fort Street, 80. Fort Warren, 261. Fort Winthrop, 260. Foster’s Wharf, 2 , 74, 206, 228, 221. Fowler, E. R., 54. Franklin, Benjamin, 230, 160, 187 ; birth- place, 120. Franklin Field, 229. Franklin Park, 158 , 231, 229, 156, 170, 228, 235. Franklin Square, 158 , 182, 213. Franklin Statue, 10 , 90, 123, 88. Franklin Street, 58, 66, 69, 80. Freeman Place Chapel, 160. French, Daniel C., 48. French (Ferd. F.) & Co.. Ltd., 192, 194. French Huguenot Church, 90. French restaurants, 176. Frog Lane, 130. Frog Pond, 96, 95, 94, 97. Frost & Adams. 10 , 17, 18. Fruit and Produce Exchange, 26. Garrison, Wm. Lloyd, 22, 148, 150 ; statue, 137. 283 Kmg's ‘ ‘ How to See Boston, ” Gaugengigl, I. M., 83, 90. Gay (Aaron R.) & Co., 42. General Theological Library, 162. German Catholic Church, 176. Gifford Home for Animals, 245, 243. Gilman, Arthur, 156. Ginn & Co., fO, 159, 2so, 247. Girls’ High Latin School, 180. Globe, the Boston, 5^, 125, 127, 128. Globe Theatre, 104. Glover (Gen. John) Statue, 148, 172. Golden Rule, 104. 107. Goodyear Shoe Machinery Co., 74, 76, 208, 21 1. Governor’s Island, 260. Granary Burial Ground, 10 , 9*, 125, 128, 160. Grand Opera House, 181. Grant, Robert, 83. Grant, Pres’t U. S., 140, 168. Gray’s Wharf, 195. Green Dragon Tavern, loi, 187. Greenleaf (C. H.) & Co. 150, 151, 152. Greenough, R. S., 12, 90. Grove Hall, 228. Hale, Edward E., 86, 97, 128, 130, 178, 256 ; house, 239, 226. Hamilton (Alex.) Statue, 148, 172, 138. Hamilton Place, 62. Hancock, Gov. John, 12, 24, 26, 54, 60. 86, 92, 160, 162, 187, 197 ; House, 164, 195. Hancock (John) Life Building, 60, 63. Hancock National Bank, 48, 50, 51, 5^, 53 , 56, 74. Handel and Hayden Society, 92. Hanover Street, 19, 20, 187. Harbor Front, 192-212, 4, 32, 230. Harvard Bridge, 156, 16 1 , 187, 246. Harvard Church at Brookline, 241, 243. Harvard Dental School, 167. Harvard, John, 216, 252, 256. Harvard Medical School, 157, 153, 183. Harvard Musical Association, 165. Harvard Observatory, 48. Harvard University, ^53, 252, 153, 235, 255, 246, 250 ; map of vicinity, ‘Z 5 S. Haven, Franklin, 28. Hawley Street, 68, 70. Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 201, 213, 266. Haymarket Theatre, loi. Haynes, Tilly, 80, 82. Heath, 26. Herald, the Boston, 5^, 125, 126, 127. Hemenway Building, 12, n6, 83. Higginson, Thos. W., 14. High School for Boys, 178, 179, 186 . Hill, Estate of Wm. H., 34, 32, 228, 221, 205. Hingham, 263, “Old Ship,” 265, 260, 257. Historical, 7-ro. Hobby, Sir Charles, 26. Hodgman & Worth, 54. Hollander (L. P.) & Co., 133, 186 , Hollis-St. Theatre, 176, 180, 186 . Holmes, Oliver Wendell. 17, 94, 97, 1*3, 130, 138, 140, 150, t 62, 196, 202, 2x3., 216, 259 ; house, 178. Homeopathic Hospital, Mass., 183. Hoosac Tunnel Route, 195. Horse Cars, 7. Horticultural Hall, 10 , 91 . Horticultural Society, the Mass., 90, 92 , Houghton, Mifflin & Co., 94, 250. Houston & Henderson, 91 . Hovey (C. F.) & Co., 125. Howard Athenaeum, 14. Howard Nat’l Bank, 33, 34, 48, 74. Howard Street, 14, 10 . Howe, Gen., 26. Howells, Wm. D , 83, 97, 130, 134, 140, 150, 167, 172, 184, 202, 205, 2x3, 24^ 252. Hub of the Solar System, 7. Huguenot Merchant, 22. Hull, 260, 262. Hull Yacht Club, 262, 257. Huntington Avenue, 153, 154, 155, Huntington Hotel, 154, 157 . Hutchinson’s (Anne) dwelling, 123. Hutchinson, Gov., 19. Ideal City of America, 7. Immaculate Conception Church, 183, 214. Incorporation of Boston, 9. Independence Park, 76. Indians, 9. India Street, 40, 43, 47. India Wharf, 74, 202. Institute of Technology, 157 , 140, 139, 142, 166, 186 . Internal Revenue Offices, 48. International Steamship Co., 197, 198, 199- International Trust Co., 60, 65, 91 , 59 . Irish Immigrants, 76, 187, 205. Italians, 187, 188, 189. Jail, Suffolk-County, 167. Jamaica Plain and West Roxbury, 232, 249, 238. Jamaica Plain, 76, 228; Monument, 242. Jesuits, 183. Jews, 188. Johnson. Andrew, loi, 168. Jones, McDuffee & Stratton, 5, 70, 74, 75. Jordan, Marsh & Co., 108, i\i, 91 , 106 . Journal, Morning and Evening, 52 , 125. Keith’s New Theatre, 104, 109, 106 . Kelley (Stillman F.) & Co., 4, 21 , 40, 46. Kidd, Capt., 14. Kidder, Peabody & Co., 52 , 91 . Kilby Street, 34, 35, 38, 40, 46, 48, 49* Kindergarten for the Blind, 232. King’s Chapel, 10 , ii, 83, 190, 86, 91 , 284 Km^s How to See Bosto^i,'^'* King’s Chapel Burial-Ground, 83, 10. King George’s tyranny, 24. King (Geo. F.) & Merrill, 52, 68,70, 74,91. King, Moses, i, 3, 52 . King Philip’? War, 17 ; Samp bowl, 83. King Street, 40. King William III, 9. Kneeland Street, ii. La Farge, John, 142, 146. Lafayette, 14, 22, 94. Lake, James H., 54. Lamb Tavern, 108. Lamkin, G.. ii, 12. Langham Hotel, 184. Lasell Seminary, 242. Latin School for Boys, 86, 178, 179, 2S6. Law Library, 14. Lee & Shepard, 52 , 120. Leeson (J. R.) & Co., 70, 73, 74. Leverett, Gov. John, 17, 26. Lewis (J. B.) Co., 208, 209. Lewis Wharf, 197. Lexington, 269, 3, 184. Liberty Square, 48, 66. Liberty Tree, 104, 106 . Libraries, 14, 83, 104, 130, 159,160,162, 215. Lighthouse Offices, 48. Lincoln, Abraham, 24; Statue, 131, 160, 159 , 162. Lincoln, Gen., 32. Lincolnshire Seaport, 7. Lincoln Wharf, 196. Lind, Jenny, 90, 168, 195. Lion Theatre, 104. Literary World, 159. Little, Brown & Co., 52 , 128, 127. Liverpool Wharf, 24, 208. Longfellow', Henry, W., 123, 97, 259, house at Cambridge, 258, 252. Long Island, 260. Long Lane, 80. Long Wharf, 40, 197, 199, 202. Longwood, 239. Lorimer, Rev. Dr. Geo. C., go, Louisburg Square. 164, 165. Lovell Gohn P.) & Sons, 10 . Lowell, James R., 123, 97, 140, 167, 213, * 259* Low'ell s house at Cambridge, 259, 254. Lowell Railroad, 192. Lower Mills, Dorchester, 225. Lunatic Hospital, 221. Lyman, Theo., 14. McClellan’s Reception, 22. Me Kim, Mead & White, 146, 254, McLean Asylum, 167. Mackerel Lane, 40. Macullar, Parker & Co., 6, 5, 8, 7, 66, 113, 114, 91 , 112, 267-278. Macullar. Williams & Parker, 6. Mann, Horace, 17 ; Statue, 192,162, 266. Mann ( Horace) School for the Deaf, 1P3. Maps, 2 , 10 , 21 , 52 , 74, 91 , 106 , 157 , 158 , 186 , 2 W, 253 . The City of Boston, folded inside the back cover. Main Portion, or Boston Proper, 2. Court House and City Hall District, 10. Faneuil Hall, Stock Exchange and Custom House. 21. City Hall and Post Office District, 52, Wholesale District, 74. Retail District, Northern Portion, 91. Retail District, Southern Portion, Back- Bay District, 157. Boston’s Park System, 158. South End, 186. Boston and its surroundings, 240. Harvard University and vicinity, 253,. Marblehead, Tucker’s Landing, 261. Marcella-Street Home, 232. Marine insurance, 48. Marine Park, 223, 236, 235, 156, 158 , Marion, Joseph, 48. Markets, 24, 25, 26. Marston (Russell) & Co., 10 , 19, 20. Marston’s Dining Rooms, 10, 19, 20, 187, Marter, Fred’k B. K., 54. Mason Building, 48, 66. Masonic Temple, loi, 102, 186 , 103, 106 , Masonic Temple, the Old, 99. Massachusetts, 9 ; origin of name, 7. Massachusetts Ave., 156, 176, 184, 243. Mass. Charitable Mechanic Assn., 157, 155, 153 Mass. General Hospital, 167. Mass. Historical Society, 10 , 83, 116. Massachusetts Hospital Life Ins. Co., 32. 39- Massachusetts National Bank, 34. Massachusetts Title Ins. Co., 52 , 91 , Massacre, 9, 19, 28, 92, 94, loi. Mather Tomb, 19?, 216. Mattapan, 225. Mechanics Fair B’ld’g, 157 , ISS, 153, 180. Mechanics' National Bank, 118. Medical Schools, i8^ Medical Society, the Mass., 130. Meeting-House Hill. 225. Memorial Hall, Cambridge, 256, 253. Mercantile Fire and M. Ins. Co,, 39. Merchants' National Bank, 28, 29, 52 , Merchants’ Row. 40, 21 . Metcalf (Theo.) Co., 10 , 86, 87, ii2. Methodist Bookstore, 10 , 91 . Methodists, 90, 159, 165, 189. Metropolitan Parks, 229, 158 , Middlesex Fells, 230. Military, 26. Milk Street, 120, 80, 47, 51, 54, 55, 57, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 67. 2$5 King's How to See Boston.'^'' Mill Dam, 156. Mill Dam Road, 243. Millerite Tabernacle, 14. Milmore, Martin, 90, 97, 148. Milton, 170, 229. Ministers’ Theatre, 83. Modern Athens, 7, ii. Moody & Sankey Tabernacle, 176. Morse, S. B., 215. Motley, John L., 154, 213. Mount Auburn Cemetery, 259 ; Sphinx, 259, 256. Mount Desert Steamers, Mount Hope Cemetery, 236 ; Soldiers’ Monument, 242. Mount-Vernon Church, 156, 190, 160. Mount- Vernon, St., 165. Murdock Parlor Grate Co., ^8^,131, 132. Museum, the Boston, iO, ii, 12, 112, 116, 83, 86, 87. Music Hall, 92, 99, 91 , 165. Mutual Life Insurance Co. of N. Y., 54, 55. 7 U. Mutual Life Tower Views, 56, 57, 58. Mystic River, 266, 2U0. Nantasket Beach, 262, 260, 258, 259. Narragansett Indians, 32. Nash, Spaulding & Co., 21 . Nat’l Bank of the Commonwealth, 52 . National Revere Bank, 7 , 72, 71, 74. National Security Bank, 10 , 19. Natural History Museum, 157 , 138, 139, m. Naval Brigade, 142. Naval Hospital, U. S., 266. Naval Pay offices, 48. Navy Yard, U. S., 196, 215. Neal (John R.) & Co., 199, 200. Neck, Boston, 9, i6j, 170 New England Conservatory of Music, 92, 213, 183, 226. New England Historic Genealogical Soc., 160. New-England Hospital for Women, 228, 232. New England Mutual Life Ins. Co., 54, 55. 59, 74. New-Jerusalem Church, 160. News-Letter, the Boston, 128. Newspaper Row, ii, 17, 83, 125, ia8, 127, 126. Newton, 239, 148. New Washington Street. 19. New York& New England R. R., 208. New York, New Haven & Hartford R. R., 171, 157 , 74. Niver, James B., 54. Niles Building, 10 , 52 , 91 . Ninth Regiment, 183. Noddle’s Island, 218. Non-importation League, 9. Norcross, Otis, 70. Norfolk House, 226. Normal School, 174. North End Park, 190, 195. ^Northern Depot, 192, 193 ; Entrance, 224, f3o. North Square, 188, 189. North Street, 188. Norumbega Tower, 266. Notre-Dame School, 138, 157 , 189, 228, 232. Noyes Brothers, 7, 85. Oak Square, 245. Ober’s French Restaurant, 99. Odd- Fellows Hall, 176, 186 . Ohabei Shalom Congregation, 178. Old Brick Church, 140. Old Colony Railroad, 80, 208. Old Corner Bookstore, 10 , 52 , 123, 124, 00, 91 . Old North Church, 189. Old North End, 187-191. Old South, 7, 52 , 66, 84, 120, 119, 121, 91 . Old South Congregational Church, 157, 146, 147, 139- Old State House, ii, 14, 15, 26, 27, 28, 32, 41, 52 , 202. Old State House, view from balcony, 16. Oldest bank, 34. Oldest church, 190. Oldest hotel, 17. Oldest savings bank, 99. Oldest theatre, 83. Oldest Y. M. C. A., 138. Olmsted, Fredk. L., 230. Original Area, 9. Orkney Islands, ii. Otis, Harrison Gray, 12, 22, a6, 164. Otis, James, 22. Otway’s, “ The Orphan,” 48. Page (Geo. G.) Box Co., 250, 251. Paige, John C., 21 , 48, 49, 52 . Paine Memorial Hall, 178. Parker, Harvey D., 86, 89. Parker House, 10 , ir, 86, 89, 90, 12, 91 . Parker, Theo., 14, 22, 92, 104, 178; Memorial Hall, 78. Parkman, Francis, 86, 148, 165, 168, 17*, 259 - Parks, 158 , 218, 221, 230, 234, 229. Park Square, 131, 159, 171, 186 . Park Street, 92, 93, 95. Park St. Church, 10 , 92, 128, 130. Park System Map, 158 . Park Theatre, 104, 106 . Parsons, Theuphiius, 17. Piabody & Stearns, 34, 54. Pearl Street, s5. Pearmain & Brooks, 34, 37. 286 King^s How to See Boston,'^'* Pelham, the, loi, 130, 106 y 186 . Pemberton Square, tO, 12 , 13, 14. Pension Office, 48. People’s Church, 172, 157 , 186 . Percival (D. G.) & Co., 113. Perkins’ Institute for the Blind, 221, 234- Pharmacy, Mass., College of, 153. Phillips, Wendell. 14, 22, 104, 164, 181. Pianofortes, 5, 177. Piano Row, loi. Pierce (S. S.) Co., 10 , 12. Pierce House in Dorchester, 224, 238. Pillory, 32, 99. Pilot, the, 104. Plymouth, 263. Plymouth Rock, 263. Poe, Edgar A., 76. Pope, Col. Albert A., 172, 173. Pope Mnfg. Co., 157 , 172, 173, 186 . “ Pops,” 92. Population, 9. Portland Steam Packet Co., 202, 204. Porter, Alex. S., 28, 30, 34. Post, the, 125, 126. Post-office, 48, 52 . 50, 51, 53, 54, 56. Post-office Square, 32, 33, 48, 59, 50, 51. 52 , 54, 55, 56. Prang (L.) & Co., 104, 226, 227, 107, 232. Prang Educational Co., 104, 107. Pray (John H.) Sons & (To., 106 , 104, 107, 6. Press Club, 92. Prescott, 76. Presco.t, Col., 83 ; Sword, 83 ; Statue, 230, 216. Prince School. 150. Prince of Wales, 108. Prison Lane, 14. Probate Office, 116, 12, 86, 83. Providence Line. 131 Providence Station, 186 , 131, 150, 171. Provident Institution for Savings, 99, 91 . Province House, 116. Provincial Council, 28. Provincial Navy, 14. Public Garden, 2 , 133, 158 , 161 . Public Garden Views, 136, 137, 161. Public Library. J57, 130, 145, 142, 186 . Pudding Lane, 80. Puritan Club, 164. Puritan Costume, 11, 12. Puritans, 9. I uaker Lane, 48. uakers, 9. uarantine station, 261. ueen Street, 14. uincy House. 10 , 17. 20. uincy, Josiah, 26. uincy Mansion, 94. uincy Market, 21 , 25, 26. B uincy Mutual Ins. Co., 30. uincy Statue. 10 , 90, 123. Radcliffe College, 256. Record, the, 125, 127, 128. Red Coat Regiments, 9. Redding. Baird & Co., 69, 70, 74, 91 . Retail District, 83-129 ; Map of North- ern portion, 91 , Southern portion, 106 , Revere-Beach Railroad, 205. Revere House, 168. Revere, Paul, 92, 191, 195 ; 189, 215; Revere Suffar Refinery, 250, 248. Reynolds Hotel, 104, 106 . Rhodes, J. B., 30. Rialto Building, 52 , 57, 60, 91 . Rice, Alex. H., 97, 174. Rice Training School, 174. Richards Building, 42. Richardson, H. H., 140, 148. Richardson, Hill & Co., 52 , 53, 54, 50, 51* 208. Rich, Isaac, 70. Ridge Path, 94. Riding Academy, 153. Rindge Public Buildings, 250, 245, 246. Risteen (F. R.) & Co., 157 , 153, 154. Riverside (Newton), 242. Riverside Press, 250, 244. Robinson (C. H.) & Co., 19, 22. Roberts Brothers, 159. Rogers Building, 10 , 52 . Roxbury, 226-231. Roxbury, 9, 170, 213. Roxbury High Fort, 226. Roxbury High School, 228, 241. Roxbury Latin School, 228. Rowe’s Wharf, 74, 205, 228, 260, 221. Royal Exchange of London, 26. Royal Exchange Tavern, 32. Royal Province, 9. St. Andrew’s Mission. 167. St. Augustine’s (Thurch, 167. St. Boat-Helps Town, 7. St. Botolph, 7. 140. St. Botolph (Ilub, 138, 157 . St. Gaudens, Aug., 97, 138. St. James Catholic Church, 180. St. James Episcopal Church, 228. St. John’s Ecclesiastical Seminary, 24s. St. John the Baptist Portuguese Church, 189. St. John the Evangelist Church, 160. St. Mary's Catholic Church, 191. St. Paul’s Episcopal Church, 99, 134. St. Stephen’s Catholic Church, 189. Sage’s Trunk Store, 106 . Sailors’ Snug Harbor. Salem, 9. Salem Street, 188, 190. Sargent CWm. P.) & Co., 192, 194, 195. School Board, 106 . 287 King's How to See Boston.^'' School Street, 86, 10 . Schwarz, Richard, 108, iii, 106 . Scollay’s Building, ii. Scollay Square, 10 ^ 11, 12, i6, 17, 83. Scollaj^ William, ii. Scots’ Charitable Society, 180. Sears Building, 10 , 15, 17, 52 , 164. Second Church, Cong’l, 224. Second Church, Unitarian, 148, 157, 189. Second Universalist Church, 174, 186 . Security Safe Deposit Co., 52 , 54, 62. Sentry Hill, 164. Shaw, Col. Robt. G., 97. Shawmut, 7. Shawmut Congregational Church, 180. Shawmut National Bank, 52 , 53. Shepard Church, Cambridge, 257, 250. Shepard, Norwell & Co., 91 , 97, 98, 99. Shepley, Rutan & Coolidge, 17, 40. Ship building, 9. Shoe & Leather Exchange, 66, Shreve, Crump & Low Co., 106 . Signal Service, 48. Simmons Building, 50, 51, 53, 52 . Slavery meetings, 24, 14. Sleeper (Jacob) Hall, 14. Smibert, the painter, 22. Smith & Porter, 74, 76, 77. Smith, Rev. Dr. Samuel F., 242. Snow’s Arch Wharf, 208. Social Law Library, 14. Soldiers’ Home (Mass.), 266. Somerset Club, 159, 164. Somerset Street, 13. Somerville, — ; Powder House, 263. Sons of Liberty, 104. Sons of the Revolution, 187. Soule Photograph Co., 52 , 116, 1 19, 91 . Southack, Capt. Cyprian, 14. South Armory, 142. South Bay, i^. South Boston, 219-223, 66, 76. South- Boston Iron Co., 219. South Burying Ground, 183. South Congregational Church, 157 , 150, 178, 180. South End, 169-186, map, 186 . Springer Brothers, 106 . Spring Lane, 125. Spiritual Temple, 157 , 50, 182. Spurzheim, 76. Squire (John P.) & Co., 5, 21 , 250, 249. Stamp Act Riots, 9, 26. Standard, the Daily, 91 , 112 , 125, 115. State Constitution, 26. State House, 162, 163, 190, 192. State Library, 162. State Mutual Life Assurance Co., 48, 52. ‘ State of Maine,” Steamship, 197, 198, 199. State Prison, Mass., 216. State Street, 19, 26, 27, 29, 30, 31, 32, 32, 34. 35 , 36, 37 . 38, 40, 39 . 41. 42, 43, 44,45, 48. State Street Block, 40. State-Street Exchange Building, 34, 35. 36, 37 - Stearns (R. H.) & Co., 99. Stevens, Benj. F., 54. Stickney & Poor Spice Co., 21 , 40, 2x6, 217. Stock Exchange, 21 , 52 , 28, 32, 34, 35 . 36. 37 . 40, 49 . 56. Stock Exchange, view west from, 15. Strandway, 156. Strangers*^ Sabbath Home, 90. Stuart, Gilbert, 76. Studio Building, 90. Sturtevant (B. F.) Co., 76, 238, 237. Suburbs, 213-214. Sub-Treasury, the U. S., 48, 51. Subway, the, 22, 130, 131. Suffolk County Court House, 13, 12, Suffolk National Bank, 21 , 39. Suffolk Savings Bank, 10 , 112. Suggestions to Visitors, 5. Summer Street, 66, 80. Sumner, Charles, 22, 94, 97, 162, 167, 259; Statue, 137, 134. Sun Fire office, 48. Swedenborgians, 160, 228. Sweetser, M. F., 3. Symphony Orchestra, 92, 166. Talleyrand, 32. Tariff Meetings, 24. Tavern Club, 130. Tavern, the Boston, 10 , 52, xi6. Tavern, the first, 32. Taylor, Bayard, 213. Tea Party, 9, 120, 208. Telephone Building, 48, 66. Temple Church, 90. Temple Place, 98, 99, 100. Thanksgiving Day Fire of 1889, 80. Theatre District, 104, 109. Thompson’s Island, 260. Thompson’s Spa, 52 , 128, 129. Thorndike Hotel, 133, 186 . Ticknor, George, 94, 146. Ticknor & Fields, 123. Tiffany Glass & Decorating Co., 138, 142. Torrey & Bentley Co., 21 , 40, 45. Town Dock and House, 26. Town Pound, 92. “Transcript,” 52 , 119, 120, 125, 91 . Traveler, the Boston, 10 , 28, 52 , 123, 122, 125, 91 . Treasury, U. S., offices, 48, 51. Tremont House, 10 , 90. Tremont National Bank, 32, Tremont Row, ii, 14. 288 King's ‘ ‘ How to See Bostoft. ” Tremont Street, 12, 83, 90, 112, 169, 176. Tremont-Street Mall, 130. Tremont-Street Methodist Church, 180. Tremont St., south from Park St., 133 ; south from Eliot St., 205. Tremont TemplCc, 10, 90, 91 . Tremont Theatre, 90, loi, 106 , 186 . Tri Montaine, 7, 164. Trinity Episcopal Church, 157 , 140, 143, 167, 156, 161, 186 . Tudor Boston, ii. T Wharf, 2 , 199. Turner’s headquarters, 176. Union Boat Club, 165. Union Church, 174, 180. Union Club, 94. Union Park, 178, 158 . Union Railroad Station, 192, 193 ; en- trance, 224, 130. Union Wharf, 196. Unitarian Building, 160, 189, 188. Unitarian ('hurch, Jamaica Plain, 242. United States Bank, 28. United States Courts, 48. United States Naval Hospital, 266. United States Hotel, 74, 82, 80. United States Sub-Treasury, 48, 51. Universalists, 99, 174, 180. University Club, 150. Upham’s Corner, 225. Valuation, 9. Vane. Gov. Sir Harry, 32, 86. Vassall Mansion, 258. Vendome Hotel, 157, 150, 152, 151, 170. ^ Venus Statue, 134. ^ 0 Veterinary School, Harvard, 176. Vercellis, 133. Victoria Hotel, 148, 157 . Wakefield Rattan Co., 19. T ^ i\ Walden Pond, 266. Wales, Prince of, 90, 168. Walker, Admiral Sir Hovenden, ® Walker, Francis. 4. i Walker-Stetson-Sawyer Co., 74, 89^ «l. W'altham, 112. Waltham Watch Co., 5, 112. Walworth Mnfg. Co., 74, 76, 219, 222. Wanderers, Home for little, 174. Ward, J. Q. A., 134. Warren-Ave. Baptist Church, 174, 180. Warren, Gen., 26, 187, 216. Warren, M. R., 119. Warren, Nathan, 54. Warren, William, 83, 168. Washington Elmat Cambridge, 257,250. Washington Equestrian Statue, 137. Washington, George, 12, 24, 28, 40, £6, 90, i6j, 162, 190, 258. Washington Market, T70. Washington Street in horse car days, 7. Washington Street, 8, 17, 18, 19, 27, 41, 169, 180, 158 . W’ashington Street, from Macullar, Parker & Co., North 84, South 85. Washington Headquarters at Cam- bridge, 258, 252. Water Street, 48, 50, 51, 53. Webster, Daniel, 3, 12, 22, 24, 76, 99: Statue, 192, 162, 165, 187, 215. Webster- Parkman Tragedy, 14, 167, 168. Wellesley College, 266, 265. Wells’ Memorial Institute, 181. Welsh Fusileers, 76. W^esleyan Building, 90, 91 . West Boston Bridge, 243, 246. West-Chester Park, 156. West Church, Unitarian, 167, 197. West End, 165. West Roxbury, 232, 9, 234. West Street, 99. Western Union Telegraph Co., 21 . Whipping Post, 32, 99. Whipple (J. R.) & Co., 89. White (R. H.) & Co., 108, 106 , 109. Whiting (John L.) & Son Co., 74, 76, 79. Whitney, Anne, 19, 148, 165. Whitney (T. D.)& Co., 99, 100, 91 , 106 . Whittier, John G., 172. Whittier Machine Co., 219, 220. Wholesale Business District, n-82, 74. Williams Court. 128. Williams & Everett, 186 , 133, 135. Winter-Place Hotel, 99. Winter Street, 97, 98. Winthrop, Gov. John, 11, 26, 123. Winthrop, Robert C., 164. Winthrop Square, 70, 73, 74, 76. Winthrop Sq. in Charlestown, 216. Winthrop Statue, 10 , 11. Winthrop, Robert C., 146. Witches, 9, 120. Woman’s Club, New England, 94. Woman's Journal, 94. Woodland- Park Hotel, 239. Worcester Square, 154, 184, 185. Worthington B’ld’g, 28, 31, 32, 52 , 56. Worthington, Roland, 28, 31. Woodlawn Cemetery. Yachting, 138, 223, 225. Yale C'ollege, ii. Yale, David, 11. Young, Georg^e, 14. Young Men's Christian Ass’n, 138, 157 , 186 . Young Men’s Christian Union, loi, 103, 106 , 105, 186 . Young’s Hotel, 10 , 14, 52 , 128. Young Women’s Christian Ass’n, 176. 178, 181. Youth’s Companion, 157 , 172, 173, 186 . Zion’s Herald, 9.. NORTHEAST LIBRARY BINDING CO. INC. MAY 1979 MEDFORD Mass. boston college I / ^^00