Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 in 2015 
 
 https://archive.org/details/romanceofcheuele00gibb_0 
 
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 RE-EDITED FROM 
 
 THE UNIQUE MANUSCRIPT IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM, 
 
 WITH A PREFACE, NOTES, AND GLOSSARIAL INDEX, 
 
 ^BY 
 
 HENRY H. GIBBS, ESQ., M.A. 
 
 OF EXETER COLLEGE, OXFOBP. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 PUBLISHED FOR THE EARLY ENGLISH TEXT SOCIETY 
 
 By HUMPHREY MILFORD, OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS, 
 
 AMEN HOUSE, E.C.4. 
 
 1868 (reprinted 1898, 1932). 
 
?R III ‘f 
 
 >qsTo, 
 
 . O O n 
 
 22633 
 
 f rtra fprips, vi. 
 
 R. CLAY & SONS, LIMITED, BUNGAY. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 This short alliterative poem has already been edited by Mr U tter- 
 son, and presented by him in 1820 to the members of the Koxburghe 
 Club ; but as the few copies then printed are very rare, and as the 
 work is a curious specimen of unrimed alliterative poetry of a com- 
 paratively late date, it has been thought worth while that it should 
 be edited again for the Extra Series of the Early English Text Society. 
 
 A mere reprint of the former edition would not have been desir- 
 able, both because there are several mistranscriptions, and because 
 the glossary appended to that edition is excessively meagre, and in 
 some cases erroneous : but so much advance has been made since the 
 date of that publication in the knowledge of our ancient tongue, that 
 however much this edition may leave to be desired, there will be no 
 great difficulty in correcting the errors of the former one. 
 
 Wherever the new transcript dilfered from the Eoxburghe 
 edition, I have with especial care compared it with the manuscript, 
 so as to satisfy myself of the correctness of the new reading. 
 
 The poem consists of 370 lines ; and is contained, with other 
 pieces, in Caligula A. 2 of the Cotton MSS. in the British Museum. 
 
 It professes to be taken from some other book (in the 7th line and 
 elsewhere the author uses the expression, ‘ as ]?e book tellethe ’), and 
 appears to be an epitome of the first 1083 lines of the French poem, 
 or rather ‘ lay ’ (in the sense in which Scott uses the word), which ^ 
 forms part of the volume marked 15 E. vj in the Boyal Collection 
 in the same library. 
 
 This French Manuscript contains many beautiful illuminations 
 of excellent workmanship, two of which adorn the head of the first 
 page (fo. 320) of the ‘ Chevalier an Signe.’ The left-hand picture 
 represents Queen Bietrix (as she is there called) sitting up in bed and 
 looking very unhappy, while ‘ Matebrune’ is carrying away a cot (nearly 
 as big as the Queen’s bed) with the seven children in it, clad four in 
 green and three in purple, placed alternately. The right-hand picture 
 represents the Knight ‘ Helyas,’ armed, and in his ship alone ; the 
 
11 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 Swan, ‘ ducally gorged, Or,’ as a herald would say, sailing proudly 
 before him. This picture is very like one of the compartments of the 
 Ivory Casket, to which I shall presently refer. 
 
 Meanwhile, as this French chanson — so its author frequently 
 calls it ‘ — appears to he the original from whence our English author 
 drew his poem, I will give an outline of the longer history told in its 
 6000 lines, comparing it from time to time with the very entertaining 
 English Prose Eomance, printed hy Copland early in the 1 6th cen- 
 tury, and edited in 1858 by Mr Thoms. 
 
 THE STORY OF THE KNIGHT OF THE SWAN. 
 
 Briefly told it is as follows : 
 
 Beatrix, Queen of King Oryens of Lilefort, after some years of 
 childlessness, conceived seven children at one burden (as a punish- 
 ment for disbelieving the possibility of twins being begotten by one 
 man) ; and when she is brought to bed, in her husband’s absence, 
 his mother substitutes seven puppies for the seven children, whom 
 she consigns to ]\Iarques, or Marcon, a serf of hers, with orders for 
 their murder : when the King returns she show^s him the whelps as 
 the Queen’s offspring, and demands her death ; but the King only 
 allows her to be imprisoned. 
 
 The children (who were miraculously born with silver chains 
 about their necks) are of course not slain, but fed by a hind in the 
 forest, and tended by a hermit in his cell. 
 
 They are unfortunately seen by the Forester IMauquarre, or Mal- 
 quarrez, who tells the Queen ; and by her desire he goes back to kill 
 them and take away their chains. One, however, who is the hero of 
 the tale, has gone out with the hermit to get food for the others ; so 
 that the forester finds only six of the children, and deprives them of 
 their chains, upon which they are transformed into sw^ans. 
 
 * The poem begins ‘ Escontez seigneurs ponr Dieu lespitahle 
 
 Que Thus vons garisse de lamain au DydMe ; ’ 
 and every now and then the minstrel addresses his hearers to call their atten- 
 tion to his song. Thus when Elyas first comes to Nimaye, the next sentence 
 begins ‘ Seigneurs oez chancon qui moult fait aloer' After the battle with the 
 friends of the prevost, comes, ‘ Seigneurs or escontez chancon de grant Jarow- 
 aige ; ’ and again, ‘ Seigneurs or escoutez honne chancon ; ’ and ‘ Seigneurs oez 
 chancon de honne enluminee ; ' and ^Seigneurs oyez chancon qui est vray' 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 Ill 
 
 The old Queen questions Marcon, and revenges herself on him 
 by putting out his eyes. 
 
 When the Queen has been 1 1 years in prison, Matebrune prevails 
 on the King to condemn her to be burnt ; and the day is fixed ac- 
 cordingly, and she is led to the stake. 
 
 Meanwhile an angel appears to the hermit and orders that the 
 child should go to the city, be christened Helyas, and fight for his 
 mother. He does so, meets the procession, accosts the King, obtains 
 his consent to the battle, borrows from him horse and armour, slays 
 Mauquarre, who is the champion on behalf of the accuser, and frees 
 his mother. 
 
 Matebrune flees to a castle ; Helyas prays to God, who restores 
 Marques’s sight. He tells his story to his newly-found father and 
 mother, and all the court go to the water where the swans are swim- 
 ming, and, their chains being restored to them, they resume their 
 human form ; all but one, who remains a swan. 
 
 Up to this time, as will be seen, the English poem faithfully ac- 
 companies the French one, excepting that as the poet means to make 
 an end here, he summarily burns Matabryne, and says that the 6th 
 brother continued alivays a swan for lack of his chain. 
 
 Moreover he makes no mention of the miracle of healing done on 
 Marcus. 
 
 The French story proceeds with the abdication of King Oriant 
 (on the plea that he has now lived a long time — plus que c. ans — ) in 
 favour of Helyas ; with the siege of Matebrune’s castle, the death of 
 her champion Hendrys by the hand of Helyas; her capture, confession, 
 and burning ; Avhereafter 
 
 ‘ Lame emporterent dyahles ; ce fut la destlnee.' 
 
 The angel then appears to King Helyas and bids him leave his 
 father and mother, and seek adventures under the guidance of his 
 brother the swan, who waits for him with ‘ ung hatel' 
 
 He abdicates, and leaves the kingdom to Orions, and divers 
 governments to his other brothers. 
 
 From this differs the English Prose Pomance of the Knight of the 
 Swan, which makes no mention of King Oryens’ great age, but makes 
 
IV 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 King Helyas surrender the kingdom again into his hands. Keither 
 does he mention Helyas’s departure at the bidding of the angel ; but 
 makes the swan-brother summon him by ‘ mervaylous cries/ to come 
 into the boat which he has brought, and which he guides, without 
 further adventure, to the city of Kimaye. 
 
 But in the French story he arrives soon at a city of Saracens, Avho 
 assault him and Iris swan ; — but he is rescued by 30 galleys under the 
 guidance of Saint George (qui fid bon chevaliev ) ; and the four winds 
 also helped, raising a storm and drowning the Saracens. 
 
 It then tells how Elyas went on alone in his boat, with the swan, 
 till they came to a castle, called Sauvage, whose master was Agolant, 
 brother of INIatebrune ; how their provisions being exhausted, they 
 sought help at the castle ; how Agolant received him well, but, after 
 hearing his story, seizes, imprisons, and promises to burn him eight 
 days thereafter. 
 
 But a page escapes and goes to Lilefort to King Orions, who goes 
 with a great force to succour his brother. The men arrive when 
 Helyas is already bound at the stake, and Agolant and all his men 
 have to go out to repel them ; — a friendly hand releases Helyas, who 
 joins his brother’s men, and slays Agolant. 
 
 Oryons goes back to Lilefort, and Helyas, summoning his brother 
 the swan, pursues his way to Ximaye. 
 
 There, in a tournament, he slays an Earl [of Francbourck, says 
 Copland], who, in a false plea before the Emperor Otho, is trying to 
 deprive [Clarysse] Duchess Dabullon [of Bouillon] of her lands ; 
 and wins for himself the lands of Ardennes [of Dardaigne, in Copland] 
 belonging to the Earl ; and also gets to wife Beatrice, the fair daughter 
 and heiress of the Duchess, by whom he has a daughter Idein or 
 Ydain, who in time becomes the mother of Godfrey of Bouillon. 
 
 He leaves Kimaye and goes to his duchy of Bouillon, conquering 
 in the way Assehn le prevost and many partisans of the deceased Earl, 
 who had laid an ambush for him. 
 
 Many perilous adventures then befell him in Bouillon, which are 
 recounted at considerable length ; and afterwards the story tells how 
 that, his 'svife having disobeyed his commandment which he laid upon 
 her, not to inquire concerning his kith and kin, he departs from her. 
 
PREFAOK. 
 
 V 
 
 and rides away to J^Jimaye, to take leave of the Emperor, and bespeak 
 his protection for liis wife, daughter, and lands. 
 
 Thence, amidst great lamentation of the Emperor and all his barons, 
 he departs in his boat with his brother the swan, and no more is known 
 of him. 
 
 Oncq ne sceurent quelle part y fu tournee. 
 
 Then it passes on to tell of Godfrey Earl of Bouillon, his birtli 
 and deeds. How with the leave of the Emperor, Eustace Earl of 
 ‘ Boulogne sur mer salee ’ went a courting to Ydain ‘ a la fresce 
 coulour' (daughter of Helyas), then aged 13 years ; how he married 
 her ; and how in the three years following she had three fair sons, 
 Godfrey, Baldwin, and Eustace ; and how that the eldest after many 
 noble deeds went to Palestine, and took the Holy City. The poem 
 ends Avith the assault and capture of Jerusalem and the crowning of 
 Godfrey as its King. 
 
 The English Prose Eomance takes up the story of Helyas where 
 the French Poem leaves him, and tells how he arrived at Lilefort and 
 is welcomed by his father and mother after his viij years’ absence. 
 
 The Queen, it tells us, had a dream, in Avhich she dreams that if 
 they get the two cups which had been made of the 6th son’s chain, 
 and lay them on two altars, and set the swan on a bed betwixt the 
 altars, and cause two masses to be said by devout priests Avho shall 
 consecrate in the two chalices, the swan shall return to his own form : 
 and ‘ Eyght so,’ says Copland, ^ as the priests consacred the body of 
 our Lorde at the masse, the swanne retourned into his propre fourme 
 and was a man,’ and he was baptized, and named Emery. 
 
 ‘ The whiche sith was a noble knight.’ 
 
 ^ And thus,’ he says, ‘ the noble king Oriaiit and the good queene 
 Beatrice linabli recovered all their children by the grace of God, 
 wherfore fro than forthon they lived holyly and devoutly in our 
 Lorde.’ 
 
 How King Oriant had ‘ made a Eeligion’ at the hermitage Avhere 
 his son Helyas had been brought uj) ; and thither, after recounting 
 his adventures, the good Knight of the Swan betook himself, with a 
 simple staff in his hand, and made himself a ^ Eeligious.’ 
 
 And close to the convent he caused to be built a castle like to 
 
VI 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 that of Bouillon, and he called it Bouillon, and the forest ‘that was 
 about it he called Dardayne, after the land that he had Avon from the 
 Earl. 
 
 The English story here goes on to tell of the marriage of Eustace 
 Earl of Boulogne and Ydain daughter of Helyas, and of the birth of 
 her sons Godfrey, Baldwin, and Eustace ; and how that her mother, 
 the Duchess of Bouillon, lamenting for the loss of her husband Helyas, 
 sent messengers all over the world to find him ; and how that Ponce, 
 one of these messengers, went to Jerusalem, and meeting there the 
 Abbot Girarde of Saincteron, Avhich is nigh to Bouillon, they de- 
 termined as fellow-countrymen to return together. How they lose 
 their Avay, and come to the castle of Bouillon le restaure, and arc 
 struck by the likeness to their OAvn Bouillon ; how they inquire of 
 the Curate, and hear who it Avas who built the castle and named the 
 forest. 
 
 And how that they make themselves known to Emery and Helyas, 
 and also to the King and Queen, Avho had come to live at the castle, 
 and hoAv they returned to their country, bearing a token from Helyas 
 to his wife. 
 
 Then it tells how the Duchess and the Countess Ydain, whose 
 sons Avere by this time adolescent, set forth to see their husband and 
 father Helyas, and hoAv they found him lying sick unto death, and 
 hoAv shortly thereafter ‘he desceased in our lorde Jesu Chryst.’ 
 
 Hoav the ladies returned to Bouillon, and hoAv the three noble 
 brethren prepared themselves by a knightly education for the day 
 when it should please God to give the kingdom of Jerusalem into the 
 hands of Godfrey of Bouillon, the eldest born. ‘ And thus,’ says 
 Copland, ‘ endeth the life and myraculous hystory of the most noble 
 and illustryous Helyas knight of the SAvanne, AAuth the birth of the 
 excellent knyght Godfrey of Boulyon, one of the nyne Avorthiest, and 
 the last of the three crysten.’ 
 
 The English romance, printed by Copland, is in some parts much 
 fuller even than the French poem, going more into detail as to the 
 Avooing of King Oryens, and the cause of the enmity of Matabryne ; 
 but here and there the French ‘chanson’ has details which Cop- 
 land’s book does not give ; such as the troublous adventures of 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 Vll 
 
 Helyas in his journey between Lilefort and Nimaye, and the acts 
 and prowess of Godfrey, and his conquest of his kingdom ; but as to 
 the legendary hero of the story, the Knight of the Swan, the tale of 
 his deeds until his retirement from the world is mainly the same, in 
 the Enghsh prose and in the French verse. 
 
 THE CASKET. 
 
 This curious work, of which I have before made mention, is an 
 ancient ivory one, of 14th-century workmanship, now belonging to Mr 
 William Gibbs of Tyntesfield, co. Somerset, and formerly to his wife’s 
 family, the Crawley-Boeveys, Baronets, of Flaxley Abbey, co. Glou- 
 cester. It is 8 inches long, 5f deep, and 5^- inches high; and in 
 its thirty-six compartments it gives the history of the Knight of the 
 Swan ; going no further than our poem, except that it depicts the 
 capture of Matabryne’s castle and the leave-taking and departure of 
 Helyas. It is this last compartment that so nearly resembles the 
 illumination at the head of the French poem. 
 
 I now proceed to describe the carvings in the several compart- 
 ments, which are all of them remarkable for their accurate detail of 
 arms and costume, and some groups, especially in Kos, 23 and 24, 
 very spirited in their execution. 
 
 The top of the casket. 
 
 1. The King, Queen, and Matabryne on the wall. Mother and 
 Twins below. 
 
 2. The King and the Queen in bed. 
 
 3. The King discovers that the Queen is with child. 
 
 4. The Queen asleep in bed : Matabryne carries off the children. 
 
 5. Matabryne delivers the children to Marcus. 
 
 6. Matabryne drowns the bitch in a well. 
 
 7. Matabryne presents the whelps to the King, who wrings his 
 hands. 
 
 8. Marcus exposes the children in the forest. 
 
 9. Malkedras (?) thrusts the Queen into prison. 
 
 10. The hermit finds the children. 
 
 11. A hind suckles them ; and Malkedras finds them. 
 
 12. Malkedras tells Matabryne. 
 
PREFACE 
 
 The front of the casket. 
 
 13. Malkedras takes the chains from the children’s necks. 
 
 14. They fly away as swans, 
 
 15. Matahryne praises and caresses Malkedras. 
 
 16. IMatahrjnie taunts the King, and gets leave to burn the 
 Queen. 
 
 17. A soldier is leading the Queen to execution : she has fallen 
 on her knees and is praying. See 1. 90, note. 
 
 18. The King is on his throne as if to see the burning. Mata- 
 hryne and a man in armour behind him, counselling him. 
 
 19. The angel appears to the hermit and the child. 
 
 20. The hermit and the child set forth on their way. 
 
 The left side of the casket. 
 
 21. The King on his throne; the Queen presents the child as 
 her champion, and INfatahryne INIalkedras as hers. 
 
 22. Combat between Helyas and Malkedras. 
 
 23. Helyas having slain Malkedras, bears away his head. 
 
 24. Flight of iSIatabryne. 
 
 The hack of the casket. 
 
 25. Helyas presents the head of Malkedras to the King. 
 
 26. Keconciliation of King Oryens and Queen Beatrice. 
 
 27. The Kang and Queen embrace Helyas. 
 
 28. King Helyas with a kneeling figure before him. He seems 
 to be giving something into his hand ; and perhaps it is a commission 
 to a captain ‘ to prepaire a lytle hoste,’ as Copland has it. 
 
 29. His army march against Matabryne. 
 
 30. They prepare to assault 
 
 31. The castle and its defenders. 
 
 32. Capture of Matabrjme. 
 
 The right side of the casket. 
 
 33. Helyas recounts his adventures to his father and mother. 
 
 34. The burning of Matabryne. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 IX 
 
 35. The King and the Queen gazing 
 
 36. At Helyas departing in his ship alone, led by his brother the 
 Swan, 
 
 The letter from Mr Dallaway, and extract of a letter from Mr 
 Way in the note below, give the opinion of those antiquaries on the 
 date and artistic value of this casket. ' 
 
 1 ‘ Mr Dallaway’s respectful complimeuts to Sir Thomas Crawley, with the 
 cabinet he has so long detained. He should have returned it with more 
 satisfaction had he been able to discover the whole of the history represented, 
 which is too complicated for him to unravel. 
 
 ‘ Upon the upper compartment is evidently shown the well-known Legend 
 of Isenbard, Earl of Altorf, and Irmentruda his wife, with her supernatural 
 progeny. 
 
 ‘ The two sons, who were preserved, were called Guelfo and Ghibelino, and 
 their descendants were leaders of the factions by which the Italian States 
 were distracted in the 12th century. 
 
 ‘ He is of opinion that the remainder of their legendary story is described 
 around the sides of the cabinet, and is not without hopes that, when he can 
 meet with a very scarce collection of German novels, entitled “ Camerarii 
 Horae Suhcesivse,” it will furnish him with the whole of the detail. 
 
 ‘ The armour and weapons of some of the figures are decidedly those of the 
 14th century, when elaborate carving was in very general use, and many Greek 
 artists were encouraged ; which circumstance seems to establish the date of 
 the specimen. 
 
 ‘ The enclosed drawing Mr D. begs that Sir Thomas will accept, with many 
 thanks, for the permission he has obtained to have it etched. He will take 
 care that justice be done to it, and hopes that Sir T. will find room in his port- 
 folio for some of the proof impressions. 
 
 ‘ Jan. 5, 1793. 
 
 ‘ Sir Thomas Crawley.’ 
 
 ‘ Wonliwin Manor, 
 
 ‘ Reigate, Nov. 29, ’GO. 
 
 ‘ Dear Sir Martin, 
 
 ‘ Tour kindness in permitting me to bring home your curious 
 ivory casket has, as I anticipated, enabled me to ascertain the whole of the 
 subjects represented upon it. After much fruitless research, and showing the 
 casket to several learned friends, I have at length got the right clue, and all 
 difficulty ceases. The subjects are all from one romance, known as the 
 “ Knight of the Swan,” and not found in any of the abstracts of middle-age 
 romances, by Ellis, Dunlop, or the Italian writer Ferrario. It has, however, 
 been published, but the volumes containing it are of very great rarity. 
 
 ‘ I hope to send you an account of the romance, detailing the subjects as 
 they occur on the casket 
 
 I should almost suggest only to repair the broken por- 
 tions of the metal hands as they exist, not to renew those which have been 
 
X 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 ORIGIN OP THE ROMANCE. 
 
 Little or nothing can be added, on this head, to what Mr^Thoms 
 has collected in his preface to the Knight of the Swan ; and what I 
 here write is chiefly drawn from that source. 
 
 Mr TJtterson quotes ]\Ir F. Cohen (Sir Francis Palgrave) for the 
 opinion that the earliest form in which the story exists is in the 
 Chronicle of Tongres, written by the Maitre de Guise, and incor- 
 porated in great part into the Mer des Hystoires. There is also, 
 he says, an Icelandic Saga of Helis, the Knight of the Swan, in 
 which he is called a son of J ulius Caesar ; and a similar legend is 
 introduced into the German romance of Lohengrin, of which an edition 
 was printed at Heidelberg as late as 1813. The story is still popular 
 in Flanders, where a Chap-book, entitled De Eidder Met de Zwaen, 
 was of frequent occuiTence early in this century. 
 
 The immediate parent of the English prose romances on the sub- 
 ject appears to be the French folio printed in 1504, and entitled La 
 
 GENEALOGIE AVECQUES LES GESTES ET NOBLES FAITZ DARMES DU TRES 
 PREUX ET RENOMME PRINCE GODEFFROY DE BOULION ET DE SES 
 OHEUALEREUX FRERES BaUDOUIN ET EuSTACE, YSSUS & DESCENDUS DE 
 LA TRES NOBLE & ILLUSTRE LIGNEE DU VERTUEUX CHEVALIER AU CyNE. 
 
 Avecques aussi plusieurs autres croniques hystoires miracu- 
 
 LEUSES; TANT DU BON ROY SaINCT LoYS COMME DE PLUSIEURS 
 AULTRES PUISSANS & VERTUEUX ChEVALIERS. 
 
 It was the first thirty-eight chapters of this work that were pub- 
 lished in an English form by Robert Copland (which is the version 
 edited by Mr Thoms) ; and Ames speaks of a translation pubh'shed 
 by Wynkyn de Worde, in 1512 ; but it is not now known to exist. 
 
 lost It is to be considered that these metal bands are 
 
 not original. The ivory dates from about 1380 ; the metal work about 1650. 
 
 ‘ Believe me, very sincerely yours, 
 
 ‘ Sir Martin Crawley-Boevey,’ 
 
 ‘Albert Way.’ 
 
 Mr Way says in another letter that photogi’aphs had been taken of the 
 casket. These I have never seen, but a set has been prepared expressly for 
 this edition. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 XI 
 
 The tradition that the great Godfrey of Bouillon was descended 
 from the Knight of the Swan, has always been a favourite one, and 
 one of the most interesting stories in Otmar’s Yolksagen is founded 
 on it. Mcolas de Klerc, in order to set right the common opinion 
 in Klanders, 
 
 Om dat van Brabant die Hertoghen 
 Voormaels, dicke syn beloghen 
 Alse dat sy quamen metten Swane 
 
 [Forasmuch as the Dukes of Brabant 
 have been heretofore much belied 
 as that they came with a Swan], 
 
 professes to tell the truth about it in his Brabandshe Yeesten, written 
 in 1318; and Marlaent refers to the same belief in his Spiegel 
 Historiael. 
 
 On the other hand (through Godfrey, no doubt,) Robert Copland 
 claims it as an honour for his patron, Edward Duke of Buckingham, 
 that from the Knight of the Swan ‘ linially is dyscended my sayde 
 Lorde.’ 
 
 As to the portentous birth, which is the basis of the story, 
 similar tales have been not unfrequently told. Amongst others there 
 is one in which the house of Guelph is said to take its name from a 
 like incident. 
 
 ‘ Irmentrudes, wife of Isenbard Earl of Altorfe, accused a woman 
 of adultery for bringing forth three children at a birth ; adding with- 
 al that she was worthy to be sown in a sack, and thrown into the 
 sea ; and urged it very earnestly. It chanced in the year following, 
 that she herself conceived, and in the absence of her husband, was 
 delivered of twelve male children at one birth (though very little). 
 But she, fearing the imputation and scandal she had formerly laid on 
 the poor woman, and the law of like for like, caused her most trusty 
 woman to make choice of one to be tendered to the father, and to 
 drown all the residue in a neighbouring river. It fell out that the 
 Earl Isenbard returning home, met this woman, demanding whither 
 she went with her pail ? who answered, “ to drown a few baggage 
 whelps in the river.” The Earl would see them ; and notwithstand- 
 ing the woman’s resistance, did so, and discovering the children, 
 
 pressed her to tell the matter, which she also did ; and he caused 
 
 2 
 
XU 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 them all to be secretly nursed ; and, grown great, were brought home 
 unto him, which he placed in an open hall with the son whom his 
 wife had brought up, and soon known to be brethren by their likeli- 
 hood in every respect. The Countess confessed the whole matter 
 (moved with the sting of conscience), and was forgiven. In remem- 
 brance whereof, the illustrious race of the Welfes (whelps) got that 
 name, and ever since hath kept it.’ 
 
 Westcote (whose words I transcribe, as his book is a privately 
 printed one (1845) from his MS. c. 1600) quotes this story from one 
 Camerarius (he says) of N’uremberg, as a companion to a story of the 
 wife of a peasant of Chumleigh, co. Devon, who had seven children at 
 a birth, and whose husband, for fear of having to maintain so many 
 mouths, resolves to drown them, and declares to the Countess of 
 Devon, who meets him while on his errand, that they are but 
 whelps. She rescues them and provides for them. 
 
 In French history we have a story somewhat analogous, in the 
 efforts of the monks to separate Eobert Capet and his wife, by per- 
 suading him that she had given birth to a monster. 
 
 The after part of the story of our book is the old one told with 
 many variations from the time of the Shepherd David until now, of 
 extreme youth, with the aid of the grace of God, vanquishing in 
 battle the evil-doer, though a man of war from his youth. 
 
 THE VERSIFICATION OF THE POEM. 
 
 Coming now to the versification of the poem : I have thought it 
 useful to analyse it so as to ascertain how far the author has kept 
 liimself to the rules of alliterative verse, as collected by Mr Skeat in his 
 Essay on the subject prefixed to the 3rd volume of the Percy Folio. 
 
 The author seems to have contented himself with preserving 
 generally the proper swing of his metre, the accentuated syllables 
 marking it, in most cases, fairly well : but it often halts, the soft or 
 unaccentuated syllables being awkwardly and too prodigally used, 
 and the rime-letters very frequently falling on those syllables. 
 
 In many couplets the alliteration is utterly irregular, and in 10 
 couplets ^ I can discover none at all. 
 
 ‘ 21 , 34 , 106 , 225 , 232 , 334 - 6 , 343 , 367 . 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 Xlll 
 
 In 22 others* he has satisfied himself with a feeble sprinkling of 
 the same letter through the verse without any regard to the loud 
 syllables ; as 
 
 60. at a chamber dore as she forth sow^te 
 sometimes also supplementing the weakness of one alliteration by 
 adding a second in the same couplet ; as 
 
 241. that s^yked s^yffe in her BRestes • t’at wolde pe qwene BRewne 
 287. A ^ny^te /^aw^te Hym by pe Honde * & ladde Hym of \>e route. 
 
 Tlie couplets in which there are but two rime-letters are very 
 many; no less than 143^ out of the whole number of 370; and 
 there are eight couplets^ with four rime-letters. 
 
 The other variations from the established rule are : (a.) The 
 occurrence of the chief letter on the second instead of the first loud 
 syllable of the second line, which is found 64 times,'* and of these 
 64, 29 (^) occur in couplets with but two rime-letters. 
 
 (b.) The occurrence of two rime-letters in tlie second line of the 
 couplet, and but one in tlie first, in 37 couplets.® 
 
 (c.) The absence of the chief letter in the second limb of tlie 
 couplet occurs 20 times. 
 
 (d.) The rime-letters occur very often indeed upon unaccentuated 
 or ‘ soft ’ syllables ; so often, as to lead one to think that the author 
 must have deemed his task fully done, if only there was any allitera- 
 tion at all. The number is 7 2,® besides three in the next class. 
 
 ’ 13-4, 32, 49, 52, GO, 81, 96, 113, 132, 145, 158, 165, 185, 199, 210-1, 218, 
 272, 281-2, 351. 
 
 2 5, 6, 8, 10-1, 16, 24, 30-1, 40-1, 45-6, 54, 58, 63, 65, 75-6, 80, 82, 88, 90, 
 95, 99, 101, 103-5, 108, 110, 114-5, 120-1, 127-9, 137, 139, 142, 146, 149-50, 
 154-5, 160-2, 166-7, 172, 174, 181, 184, 189, 191-2, 195-6, 200-1, 208, 222, 227-9, 
 231, 240-1, 244, 247, 250-3, 256, 258, 264-5, 268-9, 271, 273, 280, 285-6, 290, 
 292, 294, 296, 299, 300, 302-6, 309, 314-6, 320-1, 323, 325, 327-8, 338, 353-4, 
 368-70. 
 
 ® 2, 35, 42, 91, 152, 183, 239, 360. 
 
 ' 1, 4, 20, 25-6, 30, 42, 53, 69, 70, 112, 136, 156, 173, 179, 183, 202, 212, 
 217, 226, 236, 239, 248, 261, 295, 310, 313, 317, 319, 324, 329, 331, 334, 355, 
 359. C) 22, 37-8, 48, 56, 64, 86, 123, 140, 144, 164, 177, 182, 187-8, 190, 194, 
 203, 205-6, 207, 214, 236, 238, 246, 254, 308, 312, 363. 
 
 “ 1, 12, 17, 23, 51, 78-9, 83-4, 107, 119, 135, 138, 141, 151, 159, 169, 170, 
 175, 198, 209, 223, 233-5, 237, 243, 255, 291, 293, 326, 340-2, 350, 356-7. 
 
 ' 19, 50, 59, 67, 125, 153, 157, 163, 215, 219, 257, 259, 277, 279, 289, 332, 
 346-7, 352, 364. 
 
 * 2, 7, 23, 25-6, 28, 31, 35, 39, 40, 50-1, 66, 70, 73, 77, 79, 82, 102-3, 108-9; 
 
 (CHEV. assigns) 
 
 2 
 
xiv 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 (e.) Where the chief letter occurs in the initial catch of the 
 second couplet.* 
 
 There are also ten couplets ^ with separate alliterations in each 
 line, and 
 
 Seven, ^ in which there are no rime-letters in the first line. 
 
 And the couplets that appear to conform strictly to the canon of 
 alliteration Avhich provides that there shall be three rime-letters in 
 each couplet, viz. two (sub-letters) in the accentuated syllables of the 
 first line or limb of it, and one (the chief letter) on the first accentu- 
 ated syllable of the second line, are 48 in number ; such as 
 
 92. Now Leve we )?is Lady • in Langowr k. pyne 
 147. They SToden alle STylle ' for sxere f»ey ne durste 
 
 But of these 48, the alliteration is not always perfect, w having to do 
 duty with words beginning with Oo (1. 29) ; Z) being once used as a 
 rime-letter to T (1. 27), and the G in gladness being once considered 
 mute, so as to rime the word with ‘lay in langour’ (1. 57). 
 
 The former editor draws attention to the existence of some rime- 
 endings in this poem, but they seem to me to be accidental rather 
 than intentional. 
 
 Mr Skeat enumerates them in his essay, and I set them down 
 here, excepting those in lines 260-1, where he has been misled by 
 the former editor’s mistaking the long second r in marre, and reading 
 it marije; and in 28, 29, where the editor has mistaken leue for lene ; 
 
 12-13, where and there 
 
 31-32, ivere and there 
 
 158-159, swyde and leijde. This is not a rime at all. 
 
 166-167, faste and caste 
 
 198 199, i cheijnes. A very doubtful rime. 
 
 350-351, ; 
 
 116, 118, 120, 126-8, 141, 143, 152, 156, 159, 161, 168-9, 175-6, 178, 180, 186, 
 191, 195, 202, 204, 209, 217, 220-1, 234-5, 250, 256, 261-2, 267, 270, 274, 278, 
 280, 283-4, 287-8, 292, 294, 337, 341, 343, 347-8, 357. 
 
 * 55, 75, 96. 
 
 2 44, 72, 85, 111, 216, 249, 266, 275, 330, 365. 
 
 3 117, 198, 245, 318, 345, 350, 362. 
 
 ^ 3, 9, 15, 18, 27, 29, 33, 36, 39, 43, 47, 57, 61-2, 71, 74, 87, 89, 91-4, 97-8, 
 100, 124, 131, 133-4, 147-8, 171, 193, 197, 213, 260, 263, 276, 297-8, 301, 307, 
 311, 322, 339, 349, 360-1, 366. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 XV 
 
 237-238, were and mysfare ; 
 and I may add 359-60, made and hledde. 
 
 But among these there are hut three rimes whicli are at all per- 
 fect ; and it may he observed that in the 370 lines (from 200 to 570) 
 of William of Palerne, which I have searched cursorily, there are as 
 many : 
 
 As, 210, |)at of home ne of hounde * ne mizt he here soione 
 
 236-7, telle and loille 
 
 337-8, speche and riche 
 
 404, as euene as ani w^t • schuld attely hi sl-^i 
 
 490-1, ^vise and nyce 
 
 563-4, newe 2 i\\dL sheioe ; 
 
 so the rimes must, I think, he considered as an inadvertence on the 
 part of the poet, and not as an intended embellishment. 
 
 CHARACTER OF THE MS. 
 
 The manuscript is neatly written in a handwriting of about 1460 ; 
 and seemingly with few, if any, errors. At first sight the letter 
 Thorn appears to he used indiscriminately for Th, hut I find that it 
 is never used at the beginning of a line, and never at the end of a 
 word, whether it be written, for example, serveth, or servethe. The 
 Th is used in proper names ; and the few other cases where it is 
 found are, with one exception (thykke), where the sound occurs be- 
 fore the vowel e. Thus Sythen, Murther, Ferther, Therefore, and 
 Beetheth, are thus spelt whenever they are found ; and Thefe is only 
 once spelt jjefe. 
 
 The 3 is constantly used, representing gh in the middle of words 
 and y at the beginning. 
 
 In most cases where we write er in our modern speech, and 
 especially in word-endings, such as after, water, together, &c., the 
 scribe uses a contraction representing ur, making the words aftur, 
 watur, &c. 
 
 Where the double I is crossed (tl), a final e has been assumed. 
 
 DATE AND DIALECT OF THE POEM. 
 
 The date of our poem in its present form appears to he the latter 
 
xvi 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 end of the 14tli century; and the dialect in which it is written is 
 Midland, and probably East Midland, as will be seen by the following 
 observations. 
 
 The present indicative plurals of regular verbs end everywhere 
 in -en. There appears to be an exception to this in 1. 72, ‘hem that 
 it deservethe ; ’ but ‘ hem ’ may either be mis^vritten for ‘ her ; ’ or 
 else perhaps it is used indeterminately, as ‘ they ’ and ‘ them ’ are 
 sometimes used now-a-days. 
 
 It is not West Midland ; for the 3rd sing, indie, almost uni- 
 versally ends in -etli ; the only exceptions being ^lyTtes^ in 1. 134; 
 
 ’■ wendes^ in 11. 155 and 178 ; ‘ launces' in 1. 323, and ^ former knes' 
 in 1. 362, though this last (see the note on the line) is a doubtful 
 instance. Eobert of Brunne also uses this termination in -es ; but 
 always, apparently, for the sake of the rime. 
 
 The second person sing, indie . ends in -est ; excepting the word 
 \fyndes' in 1. 305. ‘ Thou were* is used in lines 236-7. 
 
 In many instances the e final is omitted in the past tense of weak 
 verbs; as, delyvered, 155 and 178; graiinted, 189 and 246. See 
 also 11. 18, 24, 28, 39, 62, 91, 107, 108, 255, 275, 281, and 339. 
 
 There are some terminations in -eth, used instead of -ed for the 
 perfect participles of regular verbs. See 11. 78, 175, 200, 209, 310. 
 
 The plurals of nouns end almost universally in -es ; the only ex- 
 ceptions being lond-is, 1. 16, lyon-ys, 1. 214, and bell-iys, 1. 272 (which 
 are perhaps only variations made by the copyist) ; dom-us, 1. 91 ; 
 and cliylderen, 11. 20 and 82. 
 
 Fader is uninflected in the possessive case, 1. 203. The other 
 genitives are in -es. 
 
 Some nouns of time and measure are uninflected in the plural ; 
 as ^ere, 1. 89, 243 (we say now ‘ a two-?/ea?’-old colt ’), and myle, 1. 
 95 (we say now ‘it is a two-mile course’). 
 
 Of the personal pronouns — - 
 
 I is always used, and not Ic. 
 
 All people alike, king and peasant. Thou and Thee one another, 
 without the distinction of rank, such as is sho^vn in WilHam of 
 Palerne, by the use of Ye and You. In one instance, 1. 26, the Eling 
 addresses the Queen as Ye. Hym is the objective singular, and Hem 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 XVII 
 
 (in one instance Ham, probably for ]?am — a Xorthern form) the 
 plural : Them is never used. 
 
 She is the 3rd person feni. nominative, and Here or Her ol)- 
 jective, the latter being used 8 times in the poem, and tlie former 1). 
 
 Hit and It are used about equally, the latter ratlier more fre- 
 quently. They is always used in the plural. 
 
 Tlie possessive pronoun of the 3rd person feminine, is Her or 
 Here. In the plural of all genders it is Here, and once Her. 
 
 Tire negative form of the verb To Be is once used in Nere = ne 
 were, 1. 3. 
 
 The imperfect participles end always in -ynye. 
 
 This is contrary to early Midland usage, and seems to show that 
 the dialect here employed must have been spoken in the Southern part 
 of the East Midland district, -inge being a Southern form, though it 
 is used in another East Midland book, ‘Body and Soul,’ 1. 39G 
 [brennynge], and by Eobert of Brunne ‘ Handlyng Synne ; ’ and by 
 Chaucer. But as the peculiarities of each dialect were no doubt 
 always understood by the neighbours on the borders of the several 
 districts, and by degrees became naturalized beyond their ancient 
 limits ; so probably at the time when the Cheualere Assigne was 
 written, the Southern and Midland dialects at least were beginning 
 to blend and form a common language. 
 
 One peculiarity in this author’s style is a strange mixing of past 
 and present tenses ; i. e. in the same sentence he constantly, as does 
 also Chaucer sometimes, uses the historical present, and the perfect. 
 Thus in 1. 229, 
 
 ‘ The chylde stryheth hym to, & tohe hyni by fe brydelle.’ 
 
 See also lines 63, 115-16, 151, 155, 173, 178, 190, 221, 267, 332, 
 341, 355, 361-2, and 365. 
 
 Mr Morris writes, ‘ The Dialect in its 'present form is East Mid- 
 land. But as we do not find [other] East Midland writers adopting 
 alliterative measure in the 14th century, I am inclined to think 
 that the original English text was written in the or IST.W. of 
 England, and that the present copy is a mere modihed transcript. 
 This theory accounts for the es’s in the 3rd person [sing.], which are 
 
XVlll 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 not required for the rime, and may be forms belonging to the 
 earher copy, and unaltered by the later scribe.’ 
 
 I have to thank Mr Morris, Mr Skeat, and ]\Ir Furnivall for their 
 kind suggestions during the progress of my work, and I must make 
 also my acknowledgments to ]\Ir Brock for his faultless transcript. 
 
 Although, therefore, I suppose that, from their uncertain character, 
 the dialect or grammatical peculiarities of this poem are not of any 
 particular value in the history of the language, yet as it is at any 
 rate a contribution to that history, and as I think that whatever is 
 worth doing at all, is worth doing thoroughly, I have made the 
 Glossary as copious and accurate as I could. Besides, there is some 
 spirit and vigour in the Poem itself ; and I hope the reading of the 
 little book may be as entertaining to the members of the Early 
 English Text Society, as the editing of it has been to me. 
 
XIX 
 
 POSTSCRIPT TO THE PREFACE 
 
 OF THE 
 
 ^ssicjiu. 
 
 In the foregoing Preface I have given a short account of tlie 
 story told in the cycle of Lays, of which the “ Chevalier Assigne ” 
 (Ilelyas) forms a part, and to whicli it gives a name, but it may be 
 well that I should describe more precisely the component parts of the 
 Cycle in question, and fix the place which it holds in the list of 
 Ivhapsodies commemorating the deeds of the ancient heroes of 
 romance. 
 
 These songs of the Troubadours — the Homers of the Middle 
 Ages — were called Chansons de Geste (historic songs), and told of 
 the exploits of Charlemagne and his mighty men, of William of 
 Orange (otherwise called William with the Short JSTose), of the four 
 sons of Aymon ; of Arthur and his knights ; of Jerusalem and its 
 fortunes, and of the heroes who fought in the Crusades for its re- 
 covery from the enemies of the Faith. 
 
 The Lives or Acts of the various heroes commemorated form 
 severally branches of the principal epic cycle under which they are 
 ranged, whether of Charlemagne, of the Pound Table, or of that with 
 which we are here concerned, and which was called “ the Cycle of the 
 knight of the Swan,” or else “ the Cycle of Godfrey of Boulogne.” 
 Under this latter cycle are grouped five lays, properly belonging to 
 it, forming what we may call a Godofrediad, since it is all, or almost 
 all, witten to Godfrey’s glory, beginning with the miraculous birth 
 of his ancestor Helyas, and ending with his cro^vning deed, the 
 capture of Jerusalem. 
 
 These five lays are, 
 
XX 
 
 POSTSCRIPT TO THE PREFACE. 
 
 I. The Chanson d’Antioche, treating of the Voyage of Peter 
 the hermit, the entry of the Crusaders into Palestine, and the con- 
 quest of Antioch. It is the earliest in point of composition, and 
 appears to have been the germ and nucleus of the other members of 
 the cycle, as well as a model for the songs of other Troubadours. Prom 
 their writings we gather that it was current early in the 12th century. 
 To the Chevalier ‘William of Bechada, who wrote before 1137, to 
 William, Count of Poitiers, and to Eichard the pilgrim, liimself 
 present at the first Crusade, has the honour of its composition been 
 attributed ; but we know it only in the more modern form given to 
 it by the Troubadour Graindor of Douai in 1268. It was edited in 
 1848, by M. Paulin Paris. 
 
 II. The Chanson de Jerusalem, describing the conquest of 
 the Holy City, was founded on the lay of Eichard the pilgrim ; but 
 has come down to us only in the re\dsion of Graindor (published by 
 M. Hippeau in 1868), who in arranging anew this and the preceding 
 Geste, incorporated vdth them 
 
 III. The Lay of the Captives {Ohefifs), a work of a later 
 period in the same century, but founded, so IM. Paulin Paris thinks, 
 on a Chanson of William IX, Count of Poitiers, who returned to his 
 country in 1102, one of the few suiwivors of a disastrous expedition 
 to the East, of which he was the leader after the entry of the 
 crusaders into Jerusalem. 
 
 lY. The Lay of Helyas, being the story of the Knight of the 
 Swan himself ; the beginning of which, as quoted below, shows that 
 this branch at least of the cycle was of later date than the cycle of 
 Arthur. It appears to have been written about 1190. 
 
 V. Les Enfances de Godeffroy, the earlier form of which 
 seems to have been written by a nameless Troubadour in the first 
 part of the 1 2th century ; and the later version by one Eenaud or 
 Eenax, in the later years of the same, or early in the succeeding, 
 century. 
 
 The French poem to which I referred in the Preface, as contained 
 in the “Shrewsbury book” (Eoyal. 15 E vj in the British IMuseum), 
 appears to be an amalgamation into one Chanson of all the five 
 branches of this cycle. 
 
rOSTSCRIPT TO THE PREFACE. 
 
 XXI 
 
 It differs very considerably from the version of the Chanson 
 extant in the MSS. consulted by l\r. Paris, as is evident from a 
 comparison of the British Museum MS. with the extracts given by 
 him in the 22nd volume of the llistoire Litferaire tie la France. 
 Many lines are the same, many slightly altered, and many lines, 
 and even long passages, are omitted in one and find a place in the 
 other. These variations no doubt arise from the handing down the 
 lays from bard to bard, by oral tradition in a great measure ; each 
 singer drawing from his imagination to supply any lack in his 
 memory ; and each probably, by dictation to some scribe, per- 
 petuating his variations, whether of matter or dialect, in his own 
 province or neighbourhood. 
 
 Take, for example, the first five lines of the poem (after the two 
 quoted on p. ii. in the note), which in the Paris IMS, stand as 
 
 Tens i a qui vous cantent de la Peonde Table, 
 
 Des manteaux anjoules, de samis et de sable ; 
 
 Mais jou ne vous voel dire ne mensonge ne fable. 
 
 En escrist la fist la bone dame Orable 
 Dedens les murs d’ Orange la fort cite mirable ; 
 
 and in the London MS. as 
 
 Tel^ y a qui nous chantent de la Eonde table, 
 
 Des manteaulx angoles, de samin et de sable ; 
 
 Mais je ne vous diray ne menco?zge ne flabe ; [-s'zc] 
 
 Quer il est en ystoire, cest chose veritable, 
 
 En escript le fist mettre la bonne dame orable. 
 
 Again, the description of the birth of the children occupies but 
 four lines in the MS. quoted by M. Paris : 
 
 Au naistre des enfans set fees y avoit 
 Qui les enfans faerent, si com lor avenroit 
 Et quant Tuns des enfans apres I’autre nascoit 
 Au col line caine de blanc argent avoit ; 
 
 but the Shrewsbury book gives eight to them and Matabrune : 
 
 Au naistre des enfans nulle femme ny avoit 
 Eors line vielle dame qui eu Dieu pou creoit 
 Mere estoit au ^eigneuv, la royne fort hayoit, 
 
 A amasser avoir tout son penser estoit. 
 
 La dame se delivre a paine et a destroit ; 
 
 L’un enfant a pres lautre si com dieu le voulloit. 
 
xxii 
 
 POSTSCRIPT TO THE PREFACE. 
 
 Si com Tun enfant a pres lautre naissoit, 
 
 An col une chaine de tin argent avoit. 
 
 The account of the sorrowful leavetaking of Helyas and his 
 Beatrice is thus ended in the Paris and London MS. respectively — 
 
 La plorent vavassor et prince et castelain, 
 
 Oncques n’en ot a Blaives si grant duel por Audain, 
 
 Quant fut niorte de duel por son cousin germain. 
 
 Lors pleurent preA^ost et chastelain, 
 
 Dames et pucelle, noble 3 et vilain ; 
 
 Plus de c se pasmerent sur le terrain. 
 
 The name Helyas (in its various forms of Helias, Helius, Helis 
 or Elis, Elias, and Salvius) is derived by Mr Baring-Gould from the 
 Keltic Ala, Eala, Ealadh, a S^van. See his “ Curious iMyths of the 
 Middle Ages” (2nd Series, 1868), aaLIcIi contains an interesting 
 treatise on the Legend of the Knight of the SAvan. 
 
 In further illustration of my subject I Avill mention that the 
 museum of the Maison de Cluny at Paris contains an ivory casket, 
 the cai’Aungs on AAdiich represent a part of the story of our book. 
 According to iSI. Erancisque Michel, its date is of the end of the 13th 
 or beginning of the 14th century. It is not nearly so full in its 
 details as the T}uitesfield casket, but is interesting as gmng ad- 
 ditional evidence of the popularity of the legend of the Chevalier 
 
 AU Ca'GNE. 
 
 2 Sept, 1870. 
 
 H. H. CiBBS. 
 
CHEUELERE ASSIGNS 
 
 \^Cotton MS. Caligula A. \\.,fol. 125 &.] 
 
 Alle Aveldynge god • wlie?iiie it is liis wyllc, 
 
 Wele he wereth liis • werke with his owne honde : 
 
 For ofte harmes were hente • J?at helpe we ne my^te; 
 Nere jje hy^nes of hym • ]>at lengeth in heiiene. 4 
 For this I saye by a lorde * was lente in an yle, 
 
 That was kalled lyor • a londe by hym selfe. 
 
 The kynge hette oryens * as J>e book tellethe ; 
 
 And liis qwene bewtrys • ]>at bry 3 t was & shene : 8 
 
 11 His moder hy^te Matabryne * ]>at made moche sorwe ; 
 For she sette her affye • in Sathanas of helle. 
 
 Tliis was chefe of ]}e kynde * of chenalere assygne ; 
 And whe?zne ])ey sholde in-to a place * it seyth fuUe 
 wele where, 12 
 
 Sythen aftwr his lykynge • dwellede he pere, 
 
 Withe his owne qwene • ]jat he lone my^te : 
 
 But alle in langowr he laye * for lofe of here one, 
 
 That he hadde no chylde • to cheue?me his londis ; 16 
 IT But to be lordeles of his • whewne he J?e lyf lafte : 
 And ])at honged in his herte • I heete ]?e for sothe. 
 
 God Almiglity 
 guards us. 
 
 as we see t>y tlie 
 story of King 
 Oryens, 
 
 and Beatrice his 
 queen, and his 
 mother 
 Matabryne. 
 
 He had no child 
 to succeed him, 
 
 which was a 
 grief. 
 
 Line 5. See note on 1. 23. 
 
 6. lyor. In the French poem it i.s 
 Lilefort, and in Copland also. 
 
 7 — 9. The King is called Oriaiit 
 in the French version, and the Queen 
 Bietrix, and the King’s mother Mate- 
 brime. 
 
 11. ‘ This ’ must mean ‘ this King.’ 
 
 12. I cannot make sense of this 
 line. ‘ Sholde ’= should go, and ‘it’ 
 means the book. 
 
 18. honged in his herte = weighed 
 upon his mind. 
 
2 
 
 THE QUEEN BEARS SEVEN AT A BIRTH. 
 
 The King and As bev wente VD-on a walle • plejrnge hem one, 
 
 the Queen, talk- -p, , 
 
 ing on the wall, Bothe pB Kjnge & pB qwene • hem selfen to-gedere : 20 
 
 see beneath them rp. i i j j p i i i a j 
 
 a woman with J-he kynge ioked a-dowiie • & by-helde vnder, 
 
 her twins. And sey^ a pore womman • at pB 3ate Sytte, 
 
 AVithe two chylderen her by-fore • were borne at a 
 byrthe ; 
 
 whereat he weeps. And he tz^med hym jiemie * & teres lette he falle. 24 
 IT Sythen sykede he on-hy 3 e • & to jie qwene sayde, 
 
 ‘ Se 3 e pB 3 onder pore womman ‘ how pai she is pyned 
 Withe twjHilenges two * & pat dare I my hedde wedde.’ 
 The Queen says The QAvene nykked hym wft/t nay • & seyde ‘ it is not 
 
 she disbelieves 
 
 in twins. Each to leue : 28 
 
 must have a 
 
 father. Oon ma?zne tor oon chylde * & two wymmen for 
 
 tweyne ; 
 
 Or ellis hit were vnsemelye fiynge • as me wolde jjenke, 
 But eche chylde hadde a fader • how manye so jjer 
 were.’ 
 
 The King re- 
 bukes her. 
 
 and at night 
 begets on her 
 reasonably many 
 children. 
 
 The kynge rebukede here for her worjjes ry 3 te jiere ; 32 
 
 IF And wherzne it drow 3 towarde pB ny 3 te • Jiey wewten 
 to hedde ; 
 
 He gette on here pat same ny 3 te • resonabullye manye. 
 
 The kynge was witty * whe?me he wysste her with 
 chylde, 
 
 And Jiankede lowely our lorde • of his loue & his 
 sonde. 36 
 
 19. walle. The French has ‘tot/?'.’ 
 
 23. Chaucer frequently omits the 
 relative, as is done here. 
 
 26. ‘ is pyned ’ must mean ‘ has 
 travailed/ or been in pain. 
 
 28. it is not to leue. The edition 
 of 1820 has lene. In the French it is 
 vons parlez de neant. 
 
 29. This means, ‘ One man can be- 
 get but one child, nor can one woman 
 have more than one at a time by the 
 same man. Two honestly -begotten 
 children must needs have two mothers.’ 
 Twins were once thought to reflect on 
 the mother’s chastity. 
 
 The French poem has 
 
 Sa deux hommes ne sest livree cJiar- 
 nellement. 
 
 31. how manye so = howso[ever] 
 many. 
 
 32. r}" 3 te there = On the spot. 
 
 33 & 37. drow 3 and drow 3 C. ‘ The 
 correct form is droro' — R. Morris. 
 
 34. He gette, &c. It is printed 
 gotte in the Roxb. ed., hut the word 
 is plainly gette in the MS. The French 
 has 
 
 Engendra le seigneur en la dame 
 vaillant 
 
 vij enfans celle nuit en ung engen- 
 drement. 
 
MATABRTNE ORDERS MARCUS TO DROWN THEM. 
 
 3 
 
 But whe?me it drowse to jje tyme • she shulde be de- 
 
 lyue?‘ed, 
 
 Ther moste no wo??zman come her nere • hut she 
 was cursed, 
 
 His moder matahryiie • \>ai cawsed moche sorowe ; 
 
 For she thow 3 te to do ]jat byrthe • to a fowle ende. 40 
 IT Whe/zne god wolde jjey were borne * Jjemie brow 3 te 
 she to honde 
 
 Sex semelye so^znes • & a dow 3 ter ]?e seueneth, 
 
 to wit, six sons 
 and a daughter, 
 
 MATABRYNE. 
 
 [Fol. 120.] 
 
 AUe safe & alle sounde • & a seluer cheyne 
 Eche on of hem hadde • a-bowte his swete swyre. 44 
 And she lefte hem out * & leyde hem in a cowche ; 
 And JieTme she sente aftwr a man ’ ]>ai markus was 
 called, 
 
 That hadde serued her-seluen • skylfully longe : 
 
 He was trewe of his feyth • & loth for to tryfulle ; 48 
 
 IT She knewe hym for swych • & triste hym pe better ; 
 And seyde, ‘ pow. moste kepe counselle • & helpe what 
 pon may : 
 
 The fyrste grymme wat?^r • pat Jiou to comeste, 51 
 Looke poVi caste hem ]ier-In • & lete hym forthe slyppe : 
 Sythen seche to pe courte * as poM now 3 te hadde sene. 
 And Jjou shalt lyke fulle wele * yf jiou may lyfe aftwr.’ 
 
 with silv'er chains 
 about their necks. 
 
 But Matabryne 
 sends for her man 
 Jlarcus, 
 
 and bids him 
 drown tlie 
 children. 
 
 39. ‘ j?at cawsed moche sorowe.’ 
 These words, and ‘the cursede man in 
 his feyth,’ are, like the Homeric Trodag 
 loKvg and Troineva \aojv, applied as a 
 sort of verse-tag to fill up the line, and 
 serve as constant epithets respectively 
 to Matabryne and Malkedras. 
 
 40. do .. to a fowle ende. Seel. 138. 
 As in Shakespere, Much Ado about 
 Nothing, V. 3 : ‘ DoJie to death with 
 slanderous tongues.’ 
 
 45. lefte = lifted. 
 
 46. Markus, called Marques and 
 Mar con in the French poem. 
 
 49. knewe, should be hnem ; the e 
 is superfluous ; but it is so in the MS. 
 
 49. swych. Wrongly printed 
 in the Koxb. ed. 
 
 triste. W rongly printed tristed, in 
 the same, moste ; the e is superfluous. 
 
 50. kepe counselle = be secret. 
 
 52. hym for hem. 
 
 53. seche = betake thyself. Comp, 
 Ezekiel xiv. 10, ‘ him that seeketh 
 unto him.’ 
 
 54. lyke full wele = be well-liking 
 
 = prosper. Comp, ‘fat and well-lik- 
 ing,’ Ps. xcii. 13; ‘worse-liking,’ Daniel 
 i, 10. ‘ I believe the original con- 
 
 struction was, “ And it shal like ]>e ful 
 wel ” = and it shall please thee full 
 well. See 1. 134.’ — E. Morris. 
 
4 
 
 THE QUEEN IS SAID TO HAVE BROUGHT FORTH WHELPS. 
 
 Marcus grieves, 
 but dares riot 
 disobey. 
 
 She takes seven 
 whelps, 
 
 and shows 'em to 
 the King as the 
 Queen’s offspring, 
 and bids liim 
 have her burnt. 
 
 He refuses. 
 
 She vituperates. 
 
 He says, ‘ Stow 
 her where thou 
 wilt, so that I 
 see it not.’ 
 
 She falls foul of 
 the Queen, 
 
 Whewne he herde ]>at tale • hym rewede ]je tyme ; 
 
 But he durste not werne * what ])e qwene wolde. 56 
 IT The kynge lay in langour • sum gladdenes to here ; 
 But \>e fyrste tale pat he herde • were tydynges fehuUe, 
 Whe/^ne his moder matabryne • brow 3 te hym tydynge. 
 At a chamber dore * as she forthe sow 3 te, CO 
 
 Seuenne whelpes she sawe * sowkynge pQ damme, 
 
 And she kaw 3 te out a knyfe * & kylled pe bycche ; 
 
 She caste her Jie?zne in a pytte * & takethe pe welpes, 
 And sythen come byfore pe kynge • & vp on-hy 3 e she 
 seyde, 64 
 
 IT ‘ Sone paye pe with )jy qwene • & se of her berthe.’ 
 The?me syketh pe kynge • & gynnythe to morne, 
 
 And wente wele it were sothe • alle pat she seyde. 
 The?me she seyde, ‘ lette bre/ine her a-none ' for pat is 
 pe beste.’ 68 
 
 ‘ Dame, she is my wedded wyfe • fulle trewe as I wene, 
 As I haue holde her er J?is * our lorde so me helpe ! ’ 
 
 ‘ A, kowarde of kynde,’ <\uod she • ‘ & combred wrecche ! 
 AVolt ])ou Averne Avrake • to hem pat hit deseruethe? ’ 
 
 IT ‘ Dame, J5a?me take here pj selfe • & sette her wher pe 
 lykethe, 7 3 
 
 So pat I se hit no 3 te * Avhat may I seye elles ? ’ 
 
 The^me she Avente her forthe * pat god shalle confounde. 
 To pat febuUe per she laye • & felly she bygy?inethe, 7 6 
 And seyde, ‘ a-ryse Avrecched qAvene * & reste pe her no 
 lengz^r ; 
 
 Thow hast by-gylethe my sone • it shalle pe werke 
 sorowe : 
 
 Bothe hoAvndes & men • haue hadde pe a Avylle : 
 
 ThoAA’ shalt to prisouTZ fyrste • & be brente aftw?*.’ 80 
 
 60. sow 3 te. See note on 1. 53. 
 
 64. come. The correct form is co?n. 
 on-hy 3 e = aloud. 
 
 68. lette brenne her = have her 
 burnt. 
 
 72. deserueth. As to this termina- 
 
 tion in see Preface, p. xvi. 
 
 75. See note on 1. 190. 
 
 78. by-gylethe. The final e is un- 
 necessary ; but there is a contraction 
 representing it in the MS. 
 
THE QUEEN IMPRISONED. THE CHILDREN ARE EXPOSED, 
 
 5 
 
 If The/me shrykede ]je ^onge qwene * vp on hy^ 
 cryetlie, 
 
 ‘ A, lady,’ she seyde • where ar my lefe cliylderen % ’ 
 WlieTine she myssede hem J)er • grete mone she made. 
 By ]?at come tytlye * tyraiintes tweyne, 84 
 
 And by ]>e byddynge of matabryne • a-non ]jey her hente, 
 And in a dy 7 ? 2 me prysoii?? * slongen here deepe, 
 And leyde a lokke on ]?e dore • & lenen here ])ere : 87 
 Mete ]?ey caste here a-downe * & more god sendethe. 
 
 If And pus pe lady lyuede pere • elleuen 3 ere, 
 
 And mony a fayre orysou?i * vn-to pe fader made, 
 
 That saued Susanne fro sorowefulle dom?^s • [her] to 
 saue als. 
 
 Now leue we pis lady in langoz^?’ & pyne, 92 
 
 And turne a 3 eyne to our tale * towarde pese cliylderen. 
 And to pe man markus * pat murther hem sholde ; 
 
 How he wente porow a foreste • fowe longe myle, 
 Thylle he come to a watw?" • per he hem shulde in 
 drowne ; 9G 
 
 If And per he keste vp pe clothe ' to knowe hem bett^^r, 
 And pey ley & low^e on hym * louelye alle at ones : 
 
 ‘ He pat lendethe wzt,’ o\iLod he • ‘ leyne me wytli sorowe. 
 If I drowne 30 U to day * thowghe my deth be ny 3 e.’ 100 
 The?zne he leyde hem adowne * lappedde in pe mantelle, 
 And lappede hem, & hylyde hem ' & hadde moche 
 rewthe, 
 
 That swyche a barmeteme as pat * shulde so be-tyde. 
 Therme he takethe hem to criste • & a 3 eyne turnethe. 104 
 
 and, in spite of 
 her moans, 
 
 [Fol. 12G b.] 
 has her thrown 
 into prison, 
 where she lies 
 eleven years. 
 
 But God, who 
 saved Susanna, 
 hears her prayer 
 also. 
 
 Marcus takes the 
 children to drown 
 them. 
 
 But they look on 
 him in lovely 
 wise, 
 
 and he won’t, 
 
 but leaves them 
 all wrapped in a 
 mantle, and 
 eommends them 
 to Christ. 
 
 81. See note on 1. G4, 
 
 84. By pat = by that time, then, 
 tyrauntes. The French poem has 
 Sei's (serfs). 
 
 86. slongen. Koxb. ed. has jlongen, 
 which is an error of transcription, 
 
 90. This particular orison, with 
 Susanna for its example, finds a place 
 in the French poem, not at this point, 
 but during the procession from the 
 city to the place of burning, Mata- 
 
 bryne’s remark thereon being ‘ ga ne 
 vault ung bouton."' 
 
 91. domws. This m 'lght be a mis- 
 writing for ‘ dom (= doom) us’ as 
 the former edition reads it ; but it is, 
 no doubt, a plural in us, the word her 
 having slipped out. 
 
 99, wit. Wrongly printed in the 
 former edition, 
 
 103. swyche. See note on 1. 49. 
 
6 
 
 MALKEDRAS SEES THEM, AND TELLS MATABRYNE. 
 
 A hermit hears 
 them sob, 
 
 and cries to 
 Christ for suc- 
 cour; 
 
 a hind comes and 
 suckles them ; 
 
 and the hermit 
 takes them home 
 and tends them. 
 
 Malkedras the 
 Forester passes 
 and sees them, 
 
 tells Matabryne, 
 
 IT But sone ]je maiitelle was vn-do • -with mengynge of 
 her legges ; 
 
 They cryedde vp on-hy 3 e • with a dolefulle steue?ine, 
 They chyuered for colde * as cheuerynge chyldren, 
 
 They 3 oskened, & cryde out * & ]>at a man herde, 108 
 An holy hermyte was by • & towarde hem comethe : 
 Wheraie he come by-lore hem • on knees J?e? 2 ne he felle, 
 And cryede ofte vpon cryste * for so?/ime sokowr hym 
 to sende, 
 
 If any lyfe were hem lente • in ]?is worlde lengw?’. 112 
 IT The?zne an hynde kome fro ))e woode * rennywge fulle 
 swyfte, 
 
 And felle be-fore hem adowne • Jjey drowse to )je 
 pappes ; 
 
 The heremyte prowde was ]>er-oi ' & putte hem to 
 sowke : 
 
 Sethen taketh he hem vp * & Jie hynde folowethe, 116 
 And she kepte hem fiere • whylle our lorde wolde. 
 
 Thus he noryscheth hem vp • & criste hem helpe send- 
 ethe. 
 
 Of sadde leues of Jie wode * wrow^te he hem wedes. 
 Malkedras ]>q fostere • ]>e fende mote hym haue, 120 
 IT That cursedde man for his feythe * he come per pey 
 wereii, 
 
 And was ware in his sy^te * syker of |?e chyldren ; 
 
 He tw/mede a^eyn to pe courte • & tolde of ]?e chaunce, 
 And menede byfore matabryne • how mony pe?’ were. 124 
 ‘ And more merueyle peTzne pat ' Dame, a seluere cheyne 
 Eche on of hem hath * abowte here s\vyre.’ 
 
 She seyde, ‘ holde py wordes in chaste • pat none skape 
 ferther ; 
 
 I wylle soone aske hym • pat hath me betrayed.’ 128 
 
 119. sadde leues of \>e wode. Fr. 
 feuilles de loriers. 
 
 120. Malkedras is called in the 
 French MS. Malq?iarrez and Ma?i- 
 quarre. 
 
 124. menede. Wrongly printed 
 menede in the Roxb. ed. 
 
 127. holde thy wordes in chaste = 
 be silent. 
 
HE ROBS SIX OP THEIR SILVER CHAINS. THEY BECOME SWANS. 
 
 
 H The?ine she sente diiiur inarkus * ]>a\j murtlier hem 
 sholde ; 
 
 And askede hym, in good feythe * what felle of j^e 
 chyldren : 
 
 Whe?ine she hyin asked hadde • he seyde, ‘liere ]je 
 sothe ; 
 
 Dame, on a ryueres banke • lapped in my mantelle, 132 
 I lafte hem lyynge there • leiie for sothe : 
 
 I my 3 te not drowne hem for dole • do what pe lykes.’ 
 TheTzne she made here alle preste * & (putt) out hothe 
 hys yen. 
 
 Moche mone was therfore ' but no man wyte moste. 136 
 IT ^ Wende j^ou a 3 eyne malkedras * & gete me ])Q cheynes, 
 And withe pe dynte of ]?y swerde * do hem to dethe ; 
 And I shalle do ]>e swych a turne * & j^ou Ipe tyte hy 3 e, 
 That Jje shalle lyke ry 3 te wele • ]?e terme of py lyue.’ 140 
 The?^ne j^e hatefiille thefe • hyed hym fulle faste, 
 
 The cursede man in his feythe • come J)er jjey were. 
 
 By ]7e7^ne Avas pe hermyte go in-to J>e wode * & on of 
 pe children, 
 
 For to seke mete • for pe other sex, 144 
 
 ^ Whyles pe cursed man • asseylde pe other : 
 
 And he out withe his swerde • & smote of pe cheynes. 
 They stoden alle sty lie • for stere pej ne durste ; 
 
 And whe?me pe cheynes felle hem fro • pej flowen vp 
 swamies 148 
 
 To pe ryuere hy-syde • withe a reAvfulle steue?^ne. 
 
 And he takethe vp pe cheynes • & to pe cowrte 
 twrnethe, 
 
 And come hy-fore pe qwene • & here hem bytakethe : 
 The/zne she toke hem in honde • & heelde ham fulle 
 styUe; 152 
 
 who questions 
 Marcus, 
 
 and, hearing the 
 truth, has his 
 eyes put out ; 
 
 sends Malkedras 
 to take the chains, 
 and slay the 
 children. 
 
 He finds but six, 
 one being away 
 with the hermit. 
 
 He smites off the 
 chains ; and the 
 children change 
 into swans. 
 
 IF She sente aftt^r a golde-smy 3 te • to forge here a cowpe ; 
 
 133. leue. Wrongly printed lene in of the MS. by the original scribe, 
 the edition of 1820. 138. do. See note on 1. 40. 
 
 135. The Roxb. ed. omits putt, 140. See note on 1. 54. 
 which has been added in the margin 
 
 (CHEV. ASSIGNE) 
 
 3 
 
8 
 
 MATABRYNE HAS A CUP MADE OF THE SILVER. 
 
 The old Queen 
 gives the chains 
 to a goldsmith to 
 make a cup of. 
 
 One chain mul- 
 tiplies so in the 
 melting-pot, that 
 half of one 
 suffices. 
 
 The goldsmith 
 tells his wife, and 
 asks her counsel. 
 
 She says, ‘ Keep 
 the rest ! The 
 Queen has full 
 weight. What 
 would she have 
 more ? ’ 
 
 [Fol. 127 &.] 
 
 He gives the old 
 Queen the cup 
 and the half 
 chain. 
 
 And whewne ])e man was coinen ’ j^ewne was J?e qwene 
 blythe, 
 
 And del}nie?‘ed hym bis wey^tes * & he from cowrte 
 wendes : 
 
 She badde ])e wesselle were made • vpofi alle wyse : 156 
 The goldesmy^th goothe & beetheth hym a fyre * & 
 brekethe a cheyne, 
 
 And it wexeth in hys honde * & multyplyethe swyde : 
 He toke )?«t o]>ur fyiie * & fro pe fyer hem leyde, 
 
 And made hollye ]>e cuppe • of haluendelle pe sixte. 160 
 1[ And whewne it drow 3 e to pe ny 3 te * he wendethe to 
 bedde, 
 
 And thus he seyth^? to his wyfe * in sawe as I telle. 
 
 ‘ The olde qwene at pe courte • hathe me bytaken 
 Six cheynes in honde • & wolde haue a cowpe ; 164 
 
 And I breke me a cheyne * & halfe leyde in pe fyer, 
 And it wexedde in my honde * & wellede so faste, 
 
 That I toke pe opur fyve • & fro pe fyer caste, 
 
 And haue made hollye pe cuppe • of haluewdele pe 
 sixte.’ 168 
 
 H ‘ I rede j^e,’ quod his w}Te • ‘ to holden hem stylle ; 
 Hit is ])orowe pe werke of god * or ])ey be wronge 
 woTinen ; 
 
 For whe/ine here mesure is made * what may she aske 
 more V 171 
 
 And he dedde as she badde • & buskede hym at morwe ; 
 He come by-fore pe qwene ' & bytaketh here pe cowpe. 
 And she toke it in honde • & kepte liit fulle dene. 
 
 ‘ Xowe lefte ther ony ouur vn-werkethe * by pe better 
 trowthe ? ’ 
 
 And he recheth her forth • haluendele a cheyne : 176 
 
 162. The conversation between the 
 goldsmith and his wife is much longer 
 and more dramatic in our poem than 
 in the French. 
 
 170. jporowe. Wrongly printed Tliofce 
 in the Roxb. ed. 
 
 170. wronge won nen== wrongly (i. e. 
 wrongfully) acquired. 
 
 176. recheth. Misprinted recheth. 
 forth. Misprinted ferth in the 
 Roxb. ed. 
 
THE QUEEN DOOMED TO DEATH. 
 
 9 
 
 IT And she raw^te hit hyni a^eyne • & seyde she ]ie 
 row^te ; 
 
 But delyuered hym his seruyse * & he out of cowrte 
 wendes. 
 
 ‘The curteynesse of criste,’ quod she * ‘be wit/i ]?ese 
 olpur cheynes ! 179 
 
 They be delyuered out of ]?is worlde * were Ipe moder eke^ 
 Thewne hadde I ])is londe • hollye to myne wylle : 
 jS’ow alle wyles shalle fayle • but I here dethe werke.’ 
 At morn she come byfore pe kynge * & by ga72ne fulle 
 keene ; 183 
 
 ‘ Moche of Jjis worlde so/ine • wondrethe on pe altone, 
 
 H That thy qwene is vnbrente • so meruelows longe, 
 That hath serued pe dethe • if povL here dome wyste : 
 Lette sommene ]?y folke * vpoii eche a syde, 
 
 That pej bene at py sj^ie * pe .xj. day assygned.’ 188 
 And he here graunted pat • withe a gry???me herte ; 
 And she wendeth here adown * & lette hem a-none 
 
 She gives him 
 the half chain 
 and his pay. 
 
 She scolds the 
 King for leading 
 his Queen so long 
 unburnt, 
 
 and bids him 
 summon his folk. 
 
 He grieves ; but 
 grants it. 
 
 warne. 
 
 The ny3te byfore pe day • pat pe lady shulde bre?me, The night before 
 An Angelle come to pe hermyte • & askede if he slepte : comes an angel 
 H The angelle seyde, ‘ criste sendeth pe worde ‘ of ]?ese hermit. 
 
 sixchyldren; 193 
 
 And for pe sauynge of hem * Jianke ]jou haste seruethe : 
 
 They were pe kynges Oriens * Avytte ])ou for sothe, 
 
 179. ^ Puis dist eiitre ses dens assez 
 bassetement 
 
 Bien suis de ceulx delivre alez 
 sont voire ment 
 
 Se leur mere estoit arse ne me 
 chauldroit neant. 
 
 And then,’ she continues, ‘ by my en- 
 chantments I will cause that my son 
 never marries again, and so I shall 
 have all the land at my command.’ 
 
 186. serued. In the Koxb. ed. this 
 is erroneously printed dy served. 
 
 if thou liere dome wyste = if thou 
 knewest what her sentence ought to be. 
 
 190. wendeth here, ‘wend ’ is here 
 used reflexively as ‘went’ is in 1. 75, 
 
 and ‘ Inqe ’ in 1. 141, after the French 
 s'en alia. Comp. Shaksp. 2 Gent, of 
 Ver. IV. 4 : ‘ I . . goes me to the fel- 
 low.’ The phrase in the text seems 
 to make it more probable that this vie 
 is the personal, and not the indeter- 
 minate pronoun. 
 
 194. )?anke Jiou haste seruethe = 
 thou hast deserved thanks. The final 
 e is too much. See note on 1. 78. 
 
 195. They were the kynges Oriens = 
 They were [the children] of the King 
 Oriens. This expression is not unlike 
 that in Wm. of Palerne, 1. 5437 : [-em- 
 perours moder William. 
 
10 
 
 THE queen’s son SENT TO BE HER CHAMPION. 
 
 Tells him that the 
 six swan-children 
 are sons of Oryens 
 and Beatrice. 
 
 But that Christ 
 formed the other 
 child to fight for 
 his mother. 
 
 ‘ How can this 
 be?’ 
 
 ‘ Take him to 
 Court and have 
 him christened 
 Enyas.’ 
 
 The hermit tells 
 the child what 
 he is to do, what 
 a mother is, 
 
 [Fol. 1-28.] 
 
 By his wyfe Betrj^ce • she here hem at ones, 196 
 
 For a worde on Ipe walle • ]>at she ^vronge seyde; 
 
 And ponder in pe ryuer * stvywimen Jiey swa?ines ; 
 Sythen Malkedras ]?e forsworn ]jefe • hyrafte hem her 
 cheynes : 
 
 And criste hath formeth J?is chylde • to fy 3 te for his 
 moder.’ 200 
 
 IT ‘ Oo-lyuynge god pat dwellest in heuene ’ • quod pe 
 hermyte ]ja?me, 
 
 ‘ How sholde he seme for siiche a jjynge • pat neuw?’ 
 none sy 3 e ? ’ 
 
 ‘ Go brynge bym to his fader courte • & loke pat he be 
 cristened ; 203 
 
 And kalle hym Enyas to name • for aw 3 te pat may be-falle, 
 Ey 3 te by J^e mydday • to redresse his moder ; 
 
 For goddes wylle moste be fulfylde * & ]jou most forthe 
 wende.’ 
 
 The beremyte wakynge lay * & thow 3 te on Iris wordes : 
 Soone whe?me J?e day come ' to pe chylde he seyde, 208 
 IT ‘ Criste hath fcrmeth pe sone • to fy^te for pj moder.’ 
 He asskede hymm pa^nne * what was a moder. 
 
 ‘ A wo?7mian pat bare pe to man * sowne, & of her reredde : ’ 
 ‘ kanste ])ou, fader, enforme me • how pat I shalle 
 fy 3 te?’ 212 
 
 ‘ Ypon a hors,’ seyde pe heremjTe • ‘as I haue herde seye.’ 
 
 201. Oo. AVrongly printed To in the 
 former edition. Oo-lyuynge = ever- 
 living. 
 
 202. J^ynge. Wrongly printed ^nge 
 in the former edition. 
 
 20-i. Enyas ; not ^nyas, as in the 
 old edition. The French poem has 
 Elyas or Helyas, which latter is the 
 name given him in the English prose 
 Romance. 
 
 A line .seems to he omitted between 
 20t and 205, such as 
 
 ‘ Let hym cair to f e court • per pe 
 kynge dwellethe.’ 
 
 210. The conversation between the 
 
 hermit and the child is more full in 
 the English than in the French poem. 
 
 211. A very cramped line. ‘A woman 
 that bare thee to man, [my] son ; and 
 [thou wast] by her reared.’ 
 
 ‘ It means, “ bare thee so that thou 
 becamest a man.” Such is the regular 
 idiom ; [God] me to man == 
 
 formed thee so that thou becamest a 
 man, fashioned thee in man’s shape ; 
 occurs in Piers Plowman, A. Pass. i. 
 1. 80.’— W. W. S. 
 
 ‘ Beau filz cest tine femme quen ses 
 fans te porta' 
 
HE MEETS THE PROCESSION, AND ACCOSTS THE KING. 
 
 11 
 
 ‘ What beste is jjat ? ’ (\uod ]?e chylde * ‘ lyonys wylde ? 
 Or elles wode '? or watwr ’ • c{uod pe chylde )?a7?ne. 
 
 ‘ I sey^e neuwr none,’ quod jje liermyte * ‘ but by J)e mater 
 of bokes : 21 G 
 
 IT They seyn he hath a feyre hedde * & fowre lymes hye ; 
 And also he is a frely beeste • for-thy he man seruethe.’ 
 ‘ Go we forthe, fader,’ qtiod pe childe ‘vpon goddes halfe !’ 
 The grypte ej])ur a staffe in here honde • & on here wey 
 
 straw^te. 220 
 
 Whe?zne Jje heremyte hym lafte • an angellehym suwethe, 
 Euwr to rede ]?e chylde * vpon his ry^te sh older. 
 
 Therzne he seeth in a felde • folke gaderynge faste, 
 
 And a hy 3 fyre was pev bette * pat J^e qwene sholde in 
 
 brewne, 224 
 
 ^ And noyse was in pe cyte • felly lowde, 
 
 With trumpes & tabers • whe7?ne ]}ey here vp token ; 
 The olde qwene at here bakke * betynge fulle faste ; 
 
 The kynge come rydynge a-fore ' a forlonge & more ; 228 
 The chylde stryketh hym to • & toke hym by pe brydelle ; 
 ‘ What man arte pou '? ’ quod pe chylde • ‘ & who is pat 
 pe svethfi ? ’ 
 
 and what a horse, 
 on which he is to 
 tight. 
 
 The child is 
 willing, and thej 
 go forth on their 
 way. 
 
 The hermit 
 leaves the child, 
 and an angel goes 
 with him and 
 counsels him. 
 
 The child sees a 
 great crowd and 
 a fire kindled in a 
 field, 
 
 and a great troop 
 bringing the 
 Queen from the 
 city. 
 
 The King rides 
 in front. 
 
 ‘ Who art thou ? 
 and who are 
 these?’ quoth the 
 child. 
 
 215. Or else [a] wood [-beast], or 
 [a] water[-beast] ? 
 
 219. Comp. William of Palerne, 1. 
 2803, ‘ Go we now on goddes halve.’ 
 
 220. The grypte eyt>ur = They each 
 seized. 
 
 221. suwethe. The Roxb. editor has 
 mistaken this for aeemetli. 
 
 221-2. rede. Here we find ride in 
 the former edition ; but besides that it 
 is not so written, the French original 
 shows that it must be as in the text. 
 This incident of the angel does not find 
 its place here, in the French poem. 
 There, it is when the child accosts the 
 King that the author says, — 
 
 Homme fol et sauvaige a merveilles 
 semlloit 
 
 Lange a dieu le iiere sur lespaule 
 seoit 
 
 Que ce quil devoit dire trop hien lui 
 enseignoit. 
 
 224. brenne. The final e is illegible, 
 being obliterated by a blot of ink. 
 
 bette. Comp. Sir Aldingar, 1. 53 
 (Percy folio, vol. i. p. 168), ‘ And fayre 
 fyer there shalbe bette’ 
 
 227. A tant est Matebrnne qvl 
 a-maitie a grant cris 
 Batant la bonne dame qni east nnm 
 Bietrix. 
 
 230. Here in the French poem fol- 
 lows, . -r 
 
 ' Le roy . . . 
 
 Voulentiers en eust ris main trop 
 dolent estoit.' 
 
 He then asks the child what his own 
 name is ; and he answers that he has 
 no name, except that with the hermit 
 his name has been always Beau filz. 
 Comp. Libius Disconius, If. 25 — 30 and 
 62 — 66. Percy folio, vol. ii. p. 416 
 and 418. 
 
12 
 
 HE OFFERS TO FIGHT FOR THE QUEEN. 
 
 ‘ I am ]je kynge of pis londe • & oryens am kalled, 
 
 The King And p6 3ondz^r is my qwene • betryce she hette, 232 
 
 answers, and tells 
 
 the story. IF In p6 ^ondeie balowe fyre • is bnskedde to bre?me ; 
 
 She was skla’v^mndered on-hy3e * pat she hadde taken 
 ho’wndes ; 
 
 And 3yf she hadde so don ’ here harm were not to 
 charge.’ 
 
 ‘ Thou dost ill to ‘ The?zne were poii 1103! ry3[t]lye sworne,’ q^iiod pe 
 
 be led by Mata- 
 
 bryne. chylde ’ ‘ vpoo iy3te luge, 236 
 
 Whe/me pou tokest pe py crowne • kynge whe?2ne pou 
 made were, 
 
 To done aftwr matahryne ’ for pe??ne pou shalt mysfare , 
 She is fell and For she is fowle fello & fals • & so she shalle be 
 
 false, and shall go 
 
 to the fiend. fownden, 
 
 I am but 12 
 years old, but I 
 will fight for the 
 Queen.’ 
 
 The King is con- 
 tent. 
 
 The old Queen 
 rebukes him. 
 
 And bylefte wit/t pe fend • at here laste ende, 240 
 IF That st}dred styffe in here brestes • pat wolde pe 
 qwene brewne : 
 
 I am but lytuUe & 3onge,’ quod pe chylde • ‘ leeue pou 
 forsothe, 
 
 Xot but twelfe 3ere olde • euen at pis tyme. 
 
 And I wolle putte my body • to better & to worse, 244 
 To fy3te for pe qwene * wzt/i whome pat wronge 
 seythe.’ 
 
 Tlie?me graunted pe kynge * & loye he bygy?methe, 
 
 If any helpe were per-Inne • pat here clensen my3te. 
 
 By pat come pe olde qwene * & hadde hym com 
 perme : 248 
 
 233. 3 ondere. ^Misprinted -ponders in 
 the Eoxb. ed. 
 
 235. hadde is erroneously printed 
 shadde in the Roxb. ed. 
 
 here harm were not to charge = her 
 death would not be a matter of con- 
 cern to any one. ‘ Charge, in Chaucer, 
 = a matter of difficulty, a matter of 
 consideration.’ — E. M. 
 
 236-7. The French corresponding to 
 this passage is, 
 
 Ar»e! Dieu dist Unfant, fait as 
 folle iugement 
 
 Xas pas a droit inge comxwe roy loy- 
 anmeJit. 
 
 vpon ry 3 te Iuge= [hast not] right- 
 ly judged. These words are evidence 
 that the French poem was the original 
 of the English one ; our poet having 
 apparently taken the word Inge into 
 his text without translating it. 
 
 243. Not but = only. In modern 
 Lancashire, 710 but, or not but. 
 
 245. with whom [soever it be] that 
 wrong saith [of her]. 
 
 248. j^enue = thence. 
 
MATABRYNE TEARS HIS HAIR. 
 
 13 
 
 IT ‘To speke with suche on as he * \om mayste ry^th 
 lothe thenke.’ 249 
 
 ‘ A, dame/ (\uod |)e kynge * ‘ thow 3 te 3 e none synnei 
 Thow haste for-sette ]?e 3 onge qwene * ]?ou knoweste 
 Welle ])Q sothe : 
 
 This chylcle Jiat I here speke withe • seyth ]>at he 
 wolle preue 252 
 
 That ])Oii nother ]?y sawes * certeyne he neyther.’ 
 
 And ]jewne she lepte to hyin • & kaw 3 te hym by J?e 
 lokke ; 
 
 That ]}er leued in here honde • heres an hondredde. 
 
 ‘ A, by lynynge god/ Ojjiiod pe childe • ‘ pat bydeste in 
 heuene, 256 
 
 IF Thy hedde shalle lye on pj lappe • for pj false tz^rnes. 
 I aske a felawe anone * a freshe kny 3 te aftwr. 
 
 For to fy 3 te with me * to dryue owte jje ry 3 te.’ 
 
 ‘ A, boy/ (\uod she, ‘ wylt ]?oii so * poM shalt sone 
 myskarye; 260 
 
 He speaks up for 
 his Queen, and 
 [Fol. 128 6.] 
 tells what the 
 child says. 
 
 Matabryne rushes 
 at the child and 
 tears his hair. 
 
 ‘ Thy head shall 
 lie in thy lap ! ’ 
 quoth he. ‘Give 
 me a man to fight 
 with ! ’ 
 
 254. hym, sc. the child. The passage 
 in the French poem is curious, the 
 writer exhibiting the rage of the con- 
 tending parties by a furious succession 
 of rimes in -aige, the Norman pronun- 
 ciation of -age. 
 
 Mere ce dist le roy vons nestes mie 
 saige 
 
 Veez a nng enfant qui hien semhle 
 sanvaige 
 
 Qui dit que peche faictes et ennny 
 et hontaige 
 
 Que vous la dame a tort vons mettez 
 sur pntaige 
 
 Quant la vielle lenient a pou quelle 
 nenrage 
 
 A ux cheveulx prent lenf ant plus de 
 c. en arrache 
 
 Dieu aide dist lenfant ci a mal a 
 comtaige 
 
 Ceste vielle hi dense a en son cojps 
 la raige 
 
 Plus fait a redouhter que mil lyon 
 sanvaige. 
 
 La glorieuse dame en qui dieu print 
 umhraige 
 
 Menvoye en cor vengence de ce 
 villain hontaige ; 
 
 Ce ne me faisoit mie mon pere en 
 lermitaige. 
 
 Tons ceulx qui lont oy huchent en 
 leur langaige 
 
 Ha : roy de orient ne sonffrez tel 
 hontaige ; 
 
 Li enfant dit assez par les sains dc 
 cartaige. 
 
 Boy tien a lenfant droit hien pert 
 de lianlt paraige, 
 
 Nnlz horns ne qynet mienlx dire tant 
 soit de grant langaige, 
 
 Dieu te la envoye pour dire cest 
 messaige. 
 
 25G. bydeste. Sic in MS. ‘ It is 
 probably thrown in parenthetically, 
 and addressed to God. So in Havelok, 
 “ Ihesu crist, l>at made mone, 
 
 pine dremes turne to ioye [sone] 
 
 pat wite [>w that sittes in trone.” 
 
 It is very abrupt, certainly.’ — W. W. S. 
 In Havelok also, there is a Thou in the 
 former part of the sentence, but here 
 there is none. 
 
u 
 
 HE IS CHRISTENED ENYAS, AND IS DUBBED KNIGHT. 
 
 Mia! boy! I’il 
 get me a man 
 that shall mar 
 thee.’ 
 
 She sends 
 ilalkedras. 
 
 An Abbot 
 christens the 
 child Enyas. 
 
 I wylle gete me a man • pat shalle pe sone marre.’ 
 
 She twrneth her j}e?zne to malkedras • & byddyth hym 
 take armes, 
 
 And hadde hym bathe his spere • in pe boyes herte ; 
 And he of suche one * gret skorne he J^ow^te. 264 
 IT An holy abbot was per-hj * & he hym ])eder bowethe, 
 For to cristen pe chylde • frely & feyre ; 
 
 The abbot maketh hym a fonte • & was his godfader, 
 The erle of aunthepas • he was another, 268 
 
 The cou/ztes of salaniere ■ was his godmoder ; 
 
 They kallede hym Enyas to name • as pe book tellethe : 
 ]\[ony was pe ryche ^yfte • pat pej ^afe hym aftw?- ; 
 
 The bells ring of Alle ])e bellys of pe close • rongen at ones 272 
 
 themselves all 
 
 the fight through, U ithe-oiite ony ma? 2 nes helpe • whyle pe fy 3 te lasted ; 
 Sri^t was weu TVlierefore pe w^’ste welle • pat c?*iste was plesed 'with 
 
 pleased. 
 
 here dede. 
 
 The King dubs 
 Enyas knight. 
 
 Wliewne he was cristened * frely & feyre, 
 
 Aft?/r, pe kjmge dubbede hym kny^te • as his kjmde 
 wolde : 276 
 
 The/me prestly he p?-ayeth pe kynge * pat he hym lene 
 wolde 
 
 The King lends An lioTS wzt/i liis liames ’ & bletlielye he hym gmnnt- 
 
 him his good , 
 
 steed Feraunce, eth6 
 
 Tshieid The?me was feraunce fette forthe * pe kynges price stede, 
 
 cross on It. towre ’ armow/’ pej hale7?ne ; 280 
 
 And a whyte shelde with a crosse • vpon pe posse 
 honged, 
 
 And hit was wryten Jier-vpon • pat to enyas hit sholde : 
 
 261. marre. Tliis is written in the 
 MS. with a long r in the second place ; 
 and the former editor mistook it for a 
 y, and wrote the word marye. The 
 word ‘ miscarr 3 'e ’ in the line above 
 might have undeceived him, for it also 
 has the long r, followed by a real y. 
 
 262. }:enne. Printed thence in the 
 Pioxb. ed. 
 
 265. An holy abbot. ^ L’Ahhe 
 Gautier,' says the French book. 
 
 271. ^yfte. This is misprinted 
 in the 1820 edition. 
 
 274. well/?. Misprinted n'elt in the 
 other edition. 
 
 279. Feraunce is Ferrant in the 
 French poem. 
 
 281. posse. Perhaps miswritten for 
 paste, as Utterson has printed it ; it 
 is, however, so written in the MS. 
 Aj'enhyte of Inwyt. 
 
 282. hit sholde [belong]. 
 
HE CONSULTS WITH A KNIGHT OF THE KINGS. 
 
 15 
 
 And wliewne he was armed * to alle liis ry^tes, 283 
 The72ne pi^ayde he ]je kynge • fiat he hym lene wolde 
 Oon of his beste me?2ne • fiat he moste triiste, 
 
 To speke vriih hym hut • a speche Avhyle. 
 
 A kny^te kaw^te hym by fie honde • & laddc hym of 
 ])e rowte : 287 
 
 ‘ What beeste is fiis,’ <:{uod fie childe * ‘ fiat I shalle on 
 hone ? ’ 
 
 Enyas takes 
 counsel with a 
 Knight whom 
 the King lends 
 him, 
 
 ^ ‘ Hit is called an hors/ c\iwd fie kny^te • ‘ a good & an 
 abulle.’ 
 
 ‘ Why etethe he yren 1 ’ qiwd po chylde * ‘ wylle he ete 
 no3the elles 1 
 
 And what is J?at on his bakke * of byrthe, or on 
 hounden 1 ’ 
 
 ‘ Xay, fiat in his mowthe • men kallen a hrydelle, 292 
 And that a saddle on his bakke * fiat fiou shalt in 
 sytte.’ 
 
 ‘ And wdiat heuy kyrtelle is fiis • withe holes so thykke 1 
 And fiis holowe [on] on my hede • I may 1103! wde 
 here.’ 
 
 ‘An helme men kallen fiat on * & an hawberke fiat 
 other.’ 296 
 
 *ir ‘ But what broode on is fiis on my breste ’ hit bereth 
 adown my nekke.’ 
 
 ‘ A bry3te shelde & a sheene • to sliylde fie fro strokes.’ 
 ‘ And what longe on is fiis * that I shade vp lyfte ? ’ 
 
 ‘ Take fiat launce vp in fiyii honde * & loke fiou hym 
 hytte 3 300 
 
 and learns what 
 is a horse, 
 
 a saddle, a bridle, 
 a hawberk, a 
 helm, a shield, a 
 lance, and a 
 [Fol. 129.] 
 sword ; and how 
 to use them. 
 
 ‘ See thou hit 
 him.’ 
 
 285. truste, pf. of trust ; it is triste 
 in 1. 49. 
 
 286. a speche whyle. Comp. Shaksp. 
 Two Gent, of Verona, IV. 3. 
 
 287. of = from out of. 
 
 288. houe. The Koxb. editor reads 
 lione^ and takes it to be the O.E. Hon 
 = to hang, but it is doubtless Hove 
 = abide, be. 
 
 290. The child puts this question to 
 the King, in the French poem. 
 
 291. of byrthe = congenital, born 
 with him, natural. 
 
 295. wele. This word is added in 
 the margin in a later hand. It is 
 omitted in the edition of 1820. 
 
 holowe = hollow one : the on has 
 dropped out, because of the preposition 
 following. See 11. 297, 299. 
 
 296. J^at other. Misprinted \>e other 
 in the 1820 edition. 
 
16 
 
 FIGHTS WITH MALKEDRAS, MATABRYNE’s CHAMPIOX. 
 
 And whe?ine pat shafte is scliyuered • take scliarpelye 
 another.’ 
 
 ‘ and if we come 
 to ground ? ’ 
 
 ‘Get up again. 
 Draw thy sword, 
 smite him with 
 the edge, snred 
 him in pieces.’ 
 
 ‘ But won’t he 
 smite again ? ’ 
 
 ‘ That will he ! 
 never mind ! 
 smite oflfhis 
 head ! ’ 
 
 They run to- 
 gether, shiver 
 their spears. 
 
 smash their 
 armour, and up- 
 set each other. 
 
 The horses run 
 round the lists. 
 
 ‘ what yf grace be • we to grownde wenden 1 ’ 
 
 ‘ A-ryse vp ly^tly on pe fete • & reste pQ no lengwr ; 303 
 And Jje??ne plukke out pj swerde * & pele on hym faste, 
 IF All6-wey eggelynges down • on alle pat Jjou fyndes ; 
 His ryche helm nor his swerde * rekke ]jou of neyjiwr ; 
 Lete pe sharpe of pj swerde • schreden hym smalle.’ 
 ‘But wolle not he smyte a 3 eyne • whewne he feleth 
 smertel’ 308 
 
 ‘ 3ys, I knowe hym fulle wele • bothe kenely & faste : 
 Eu?^?’ folowe pOM on jje flesh • tylle paw. haste hym 
 fallethe ; 
 
 And sythen smyte of his heede • I kan sey pe no 
 furre.’ 
 
 ‘ ^N’ow pon. haste taw 3 te me,’ (]iiod pe childe • ‘ god 1 pe 
 beteche : 312 
 
 IF For now I kan of pe crafte • more perme I kowthe.’ 
 Thewnc pej maden Raunges * rofinen to-gedere, 
 
 That pe speres in here hondes • shyuereden to peces ; 
 And for [to] renfiene a 3 eyn • men raw^ten hem other, 316 
 Of balowe tymbere & bygge ’ pat wolde not breste ; 
 And eyther of hem * so smer[t]lye smote other, 
 
 That alle fleye in pe felde * pat on hem was fastened, 
 And eyther of hem topseyle * tumbledde to pe erthe; 320 
 IF Therme here horses ronnen forth * aftw?* pe raunges, 
 Euwr feraunce by-forne * & pat other aftw?' ; 
 
 302. ^e. Misprinted Se in the edition 
 of 1820. 
 
 303. ly^tl)'. Misprinted in 1820. 
 305. eggelynges = edgewise. With 
 
 the edge. The contrary of ^flatlings.’ 
 307. sharpe = sharp edge. 
 
 309. ^ys = yes. Its use here in- 
 stead of ^e, as in 1. 302, is due to the 
 negative in the question. 
 
 310. fallethe = felled. 
 
 316. rennene may be rennenge^ sh.; 
 but more probably the line should be 
 as above, the to having been accident- 
 
 ally omitted by the scribe. 
 
 320. topseyle. Sic in MS. Top = 
 head, — as we say, ‘ from top to toe.’ 
 Should it be perhaps ‘topteyle’ ? Comp. 
 Wm. of Palerne, 1. 2776 : 
 
 ‘ Set hire a sad strok so sore in ]pe 
 necke 
 
 F>at sche top oner tail tumbled ouer 
 F?e hacches.’ 
 
 321. rownen. Misprinted rmwm in 
 the Eoxb. ed. 
 
 322. Le destrier Elyas va, lavtre 
 poursuivant. 
 
SLAYS HIM. 
 
 17 
 
 Feraunce launces vp his fete * & lasschethc out his 
 
 yen : 
 
 The fyrste happe, other hele * was \>ai ' bat be chylde Feraunce lashes 
 
 lit Qyj. blinds 
 
 hadcle, 324 the other horse. 
 
 Whenne ]>q chylde \>ai hym bare • blente hadde his 
 fere : 
 
 The??.ne thei styrte vp on hy • w?'t/i staloworth shankes, 
 Pulledde out her swerdes * & smoten to-gedzir. 
 
 ‘ Kepe swerde fro my croyse ’ • (\uod cheuelrye 
 assygne : 328 
 
 ^ ‘ I charde not |?y croyse,’ (\uod malkedras * ‘ ]je valwe 
 of a cherye ; 
 
 For I shalle choppe it fulle smalle • ere ]?ewne ]?is werke 
 
 Enyas and 
 Malkedras start 
 up and draw 
 their swords. 
 
 ‘ Beware my 
 cross 1 ’ 
 
 ‘ I don’t care a 
 cherry for your 
 cross ! ’ 
 
 ende.’ 
 
 An edder sprongc out of his shelde * & in his body 
 spynnethe ; 
 
 A fyre fruscheth out of his croys * Sz [fjrapte out his 
 yen : 332 
 
 The?rne he stryketh a stroke • Cheualere assygne, 
 
 Euen his sholder in twoo * & dowA in-to ]?e herte ; 
 
 And he bowethe hym down • & ^eldethe vp ]}e lyfe. 
 
 ‘ I shalle ]?e ^elde,’ <\iiod Ipe chylde * ‘ ry^te as ]>e kny^te 
 me taw^te.’ 336 
 
 An adder strikes 
 him from out 
 the cross ; and a 
 fire thereout 
 blinds him. 
 
 Enyas cuts him 
 down and takes 
 [Pol. 129 6.] 
 off his head. 
 
 323. yen. The transcriber for the 
 Roxb. ed. mistook the curl over the n 
 (nl) for a d, as if it was rd, and wrote 
 yerd, making nonsense of the line. 
 
 324. hele. The Roxb. ed. has/e^e; 
 which is wrong. 
 
 325. chylde. This word seems to 
 have crept in by mistake. The sense 
 and alliteration would require ' blonk ’ 
 = steed. 
 
 326. Thenne thei. The Roxb. ed. 
 has Thenne ether; the transcriber 
 having mistaken the last e in then for 
 the beginning of the word ether. 
 
 staloworth. Miswritten for stal- 
 rvorth. 
 
 328. cheuelrye. Sie in MS. 
 
 330. benne = the time when. 
 
 331. Ung serpent a deux testes, 
 oneques tel ne vit homma 
 
 .... saillit 
 
 Tout droit a Mauquarre a sa veue 
 se lance 
 
 Les deux testes lui cr event les deux 
 yeulx sans doubtance. 
 
 332. rapte, in MS.; fraqjte, which 
 is a common word enough, would suit 
 the alliteration better. 
 
 333. Thewne. Sic in MS. The Roxb. 
 ed. has mhenne. 
 
 334. ‘ Schreding,' or some such word, 
 is wanted instead of, or after. Even. 
 
 336. I shall be ^elde = I shall render 
 unto thee = I shall serve thee, I shall 
 requite thee. 
 
18 BURNS MATABRYNE. DISENCHANTS HIS BRETHREN, ALL BUT ONE. 
 
 Matabryne flees, 
 but the child 
 overtakes ber and 
 has her burnt to 
 brown ashes. 
 
 The young Queen 
 is unbound. 
 
 Enyas tells his 
 story to the King 
 and Queen. 
 
 The goldsmith 
 says he has five of 
 the chains at 
 home. 
 
 They all go to 
 the river and give 
 the chains to the 
 swans. 
 
 Each choosing 
 his own, turns to 
 his human form. 
 All but one. He, 
 for want of his 
 chain, remained 
 always a swan. 
 
 IF He trus.sethe his barneys fro ]?e nekke * & ]je hede 
 ^y72nethe ; 
 
 Sythen he toke hit by ])e lokkes * & in ]?e helm leyde ; 
 Thoo thanked he our lorde lowely • pat lente hjun pat 
 g?'ace. 
 
 Ther?ne sawe pe qwene matabryne • her man so mur- 
 dered ; 340 
 
 Turned her brydelle • & towarde pe towne rydethe ; 
 
 The chylde folowethe here aftwr * fersly & faste, 
 
 Sythen bro'W' 3 te here a^eyne * wo for to drye, 
 
 And brente here in pe balowe fyer • alle to browne 
 askes. 344 
 
 IF The 3 onge qwene at pe fyre • by pat was vnbounden ; 
 The childe kome byfore pe kynge • & on-hy^e he seyde, 
 And tolde hym how he was his sone • ‘ & opur sex 
 childeren, 
 
 By pe qwene betryce * she bare hem at ones, 348 
 
 Bor a worde on pe walle * pat she wronge seyde ; 
 
 And 3 onder in a rjuiere • swymmen pey swannes ; 
 Sythen pe forsworne thefe jMalkadras • byrafte hem her 
 cheynes.’ 351 
 
 ‘ By god,’ Q\uod pe goldsmythe • ‘ I knowe pat ry 3 th wele ; 
 IF Fyve cheynes I haue * & pej ben fysh hole.’ 
 iSFowe withe ])e goldsmy 3 the • gon alle J)ese kny 3 tes, 
 Toke pey pe cheynes • & to ])e watwr turnen, 355 
 
 And shoken vp J^e cheynes • ])er sterten vp pe swannes ; 
 Eche on chese to his * & turnen to her kynde : 
 
 But on was alwaye a swanne • for losse of his cheyne. 
 Hit was doole for to se ■ pe sorowe pat he made ; 
 
 He bote hym seif ^itli his bylle • pat alle his breste 
 bledde, 360 
 
 345. by ]pat = by that time. 
 
 353. fysh hole = ‘ as sound as a 
 roach,’ as we say. 
 
 356. shoken. Sic in MS. The former 
 edition has strohen. 
 
 357. turnen. The former edition 
 
 has turneden in this place ; hut not in 
 1. 355. 
 
 chese to his = chose his own. 
 
 358. alwaye. Sic in MS. Edition of 
 1820 has always. 
 
THEY ARE CHRISTENED. 
 
 19 
 
 ^ And alle his feyre federes * fomede vpon blode, 
 
 And alle formerknes pe watwr * jjer pe swanne s\vy?n- 
 metlie : 
 
 There was ryche ne pore • pat my^te for rewthe, 
 Lengere loke on hyin • hut to pQ courte wenden. 3G4 
 The/me j^ey formed a fonte * & cristene pe children ; 
 And callen Yryens pat on • and Oryens another, 
 Assakarye pe thrydde • & gadyfere pe fowi’the ; 
 
 The fyfte hette rose • for she was a may den ; 368 
 
 The sixte was fulwedde * cheuelere assygne. 
 
 And ])iis pe hotenynge of god * hrow^te hem to honde . ; . 
 
 ’Twas sad to see 
 his sorrow. 
 
 They christen the 
 children. 
 
 So by God’s help 
 they were 
 restored. 
 
 . ; . EXPLICIT . ; . 
 
 362. formerknes. If this is v. 
 intr., and governed by the sb. water, 
 it should have been by rights fornier- 
 keneth ; but if it is^Z. and tr. governed 
 by federes^ it has borrowed the North- 
 ern -es termination instead of the Mid- 
 
 land -en. 
 
 366. The names of the children in 
 the French poem are Oriona, Orient^ 
 Zacharias, Jelian, and Rosette. 
 
 369. was fulwedde = had been bap- 
 tized already. 
 
21 
 
 GLOSSARIAL INDEX. 
 
 ABBREVIATIONS. 
 
 Adj. = Adjective. 
 
 Ohj. 
 
 = Objective. 
 
 Adv. = Adverb. 
 
 O.E. 
 
 = Old English, A. 
 
 Allit. = Early Engl. Alliterative 
 
 
 —1200. 
 
 Poems. 
 
 dy. 
 
 == Perfect. 
 
 Art. = Article. 
 
 PI. 
 
 = Plural. 
 
 Comp. = Comparative. 
 
 p. pt. 
 
 = Past Participle. 
 
 Conj. = Conjunction. 
 
 Pers. 
 
 = Personal. 
 
 Cp. = Compare. 
 
 Pass. 
 
 = Possessive. 
 
 Pern. = Demonstrative. 
 
 Prep. 
 
 = Preposition. 
 
 Fern. = Feminine. 
 
 Pron. 
 
 = Pronoun. 
 
 Fr. = French. 
 
 Pefl. 
 
 Reflexive. 
 
 Gen. = Genesis and Exodirs. 
 
 Pel. 
 
 = Relative. 
 
 Germ. = German. 
 
 Sh. 
 
 = Substantive. 
 
 Imp. -- - Imperative. 
 
 Sc. 
 
 = Scottish. 
 
 Imp. pt. = Imperfect Participle. 
 
 Sing. 
 
 = Singular. 
 
 Int. = Interjection, 
 
 Tr. 
 
 = Ti-ansitive. 
 
 Intr. = Intransitive. 
 
 V. 
 
 = Verb. 
 
 Wm. — William of Palerne. 
 
 A, interj. = Ah, 71, 82, 250, 
 255, 260. 
 
 A, art. 5, 6, &c. Perhaps as a 
 numeral = one, 157, 165. 
 
 A, prep. = in, or on ; O.E. & 0. 
 
 Se. An. In 1. 79 it means at. 
 Abbot, sb. 265. 
 
 Abowte, 44, 126. 
 
 Abulle, adj. — fit, proper, able, 
 289. 
 
 Adowne, = down, 21, 88, 
 
 101, 114; adown, 190, 297. 
 
 I Affye, sh. = trust, 10. 
 j Afore, adv. — in front, 228. 
 
 ' Aftur, prep. = along, 321 ; for, 
 I or in quest of, 46, 129, 158, 342 ; 
 
 j in accordance with, 13, 238 ; adv. 
 
 I = afterwards, 54, 80, 258, 271, 
 
 I 276 ; behind, 322. 
 
 ! Alle, adj. 43, 67, 98, &c.; adv. 15. 
 
 I Alle-weldinge, adj. = Almighty, 
 1. O.E. Eal-wealdende. 
 
 Allewey. See Alwaye. 
 
 Allone, adj. alone, 184. 
 
22 
 
 GLOSSARIAL INDEX. 
 
 Als, conj. = also, 91. 
 
 Also, conj. 218. 
 
 Alwaye, ado. 358 ; allewey, 305. 
 
 An, art. 5, 331, &c. 
 
 And, conj. 8, 1 8, &c. = an, if, 
 139. 
 
 Angelle, sb. 192, 193, 221. 
 
 Anon, ado. 85 ; anone, 68, 190, 
 ' 258. 
 
 Another, adj. 268, 301, 366. 
 
 Ar, ?>d pi. pres. ind. of v. Be, 82. 
 
 Armed, p. pt. of arm, v. tr. 283. 
 
 Armes, sh.pl. 262. 
 
 Armour, sh. 280. 
 
 Aryse, v. intr. ‘Id sing, imper. 77, 
 303. 
 
 As, conj. 7, 19, &c. = as though, 
 53. 
 
 Aske, V. tr. 128, 171 ; 2>d sing, 
 pf. askede, 130, 192 ; asskede, 210; 
 p. pt. asked, 131. 
 
 Askes, sh. pi. = ashes, 344. 
 
 Asseylde, 3<i sing. pf. ind. of 
 asseyle, r>. tr. 145. 
 
 Assygne = Fr. an cygne, 11, &c. 
 
 Assygyned, p. pt. of assign, v. tr. 
 188. 
 
 At, prep. 23, 60, 98. 
 
 Aw 3 te, sh. = aught, 204. 
 
 A^eyne, = again, 93, 104, 
 137, 177, 343; a3eyn, 123. 
 
 Badde. See Bid. 
 
 Bakke, sh. — hack, 291, 293. 
 
 Balowe, adj. O.E. Bealu, or 
 Bealo ; Balo or Balu = deadly, 
 
 233, 344, strong (?) 317. 
 
 Banke, sh. 132. 
 
 Barmeteme, sh. 103. This is the 
 O.E. Bearnteme, and is miswritten 
 for barnteme = brood, progeny, 
 from barne = child, bairn ; and 
 teme, or teem (O.E. teman) = to 
 
 produce, bring forth. See Gen. 
 954 and 3903. In Chalmers’s Life 
 of James 1. (prefixed to his ‘Poetic 
 Remains of the Scottish kings,’ 
 1824), p. 15, he writes, “The Act 
 of the former session was renewed 
 in this ; requiring the clergy to 
 pray for the king, for the queen, 
 and their Bairntime, 'which is now 
 explained to mean, ‘ the children 
 produced between them.’” 
 
 Bathe, o. tr. 263. 
 
 Bare, M sing. pf. ind. of bear, v. 
 tr. 325, 348. 
 
 Be, V. intr. 17, 37, 80 ; ^d pi. pres, 
 subj. bene (O.E. beon), 188 ; Zd 
 sing. subj. 100, 302. 
 
 Bedde, sh. 33, 161. 
 
 Beetheth. See Bete. 
 
 Befalle, v. intr. 204. 
 
 Bene. See Be, v. intr. 
 
 Bere, v. tr. Zd sing. ind. bereth, 
 297 ; Zd sing. pf. 196. See also 
 Bare, p. pt. borne, 23, 41. 
 
 Berthe. See Byrthe. 
 
 Beste, = beast, 214; heeste, 
 
 218, 288. 
 
 Beste, adj. 68, 285. 
 
 Bete, V. tr. O.E. hetan ~ to pre- 
 pare, to kindle (said of fire); Zd 
 sing. pres. ind. beetheth, 157 ; p> 
 pt. bette, 224. 
 
 Bete, V. tr. = heat ; imp. pt. 
 
 betynge, 227- 
 
 Beteche, v. tr. See By take, 312. 
 
 Bette. See Bete. 
 
 Better, adj. 49, 175 ; bettur, 
 
 add. 97. 
 
 Betyde, o. intr. 103. 
 
 Betynge. See Bete. 
 
 Bid, V. tr. Zd sing. pf. badde, 
 156, 172, 248, 263; Zd sing. pres. 
 byddyth, 262. 
 
 Bledde, Zd sing. pf. of bleed, v. 
 intr. 360. 
 
GLOSSARIAL INDEX. 
 
 23 
 
 Blente, ]p. pt. of blind, v. tr. 
 O.E. blendian, 325. 
 
 Bletliely, adv. = blithely, cheer- 
 fully, 278. 
 
 Blode, sb. =: blood, 361. 
 
 Blythe, adj. 154. 
 
 Body, sh. 244. 
 
 Book, sb. 7, 270. 
 
 Borne. See Bere, v. tr. 
 
 Bote, 2>d sing. pf. of bite, v. tr. 
 360. 
 
 Botenning, sb. — remedy, succour, 
 370 ; from boteii, v. tr. formed from 
 bote = remedy, from O.E. gebetan 
 = to mend. 
 
 Bothe, conj. 20, 79 ; adj. 135. 
 
 Bounden, p. pt. of bind, v. tr. 
 291. 
 
 Boy, sb. 260 ; pass, boyes, 263. 
 
 Bowethe, ?>d sing. pres. ind. of 
 bow, V. tr. 335 ; bowethe hym, 
 265 turiietli him, goeth. 
 
 Breke, v. tr. O.E. brecan ; 3c7 
 sing. pres, brekethe, 157 ; 1st sing, 
 pf. ind. breke (now brake, or broke), 
 i65. 
 
 Brenne, v. tr. = burn, 68, 241 ; 
 pf brente, 344; p. pt. brente, 80; 
 intransitively, 191, 224. 
 
 Breste, sb. 297, 360 ; pi. brestes, 
 241. 
 
 Breste, v. inter. = burst, 317. 
 
 Broode, adj. = broad, 297. 
 
 Browne, adj. 344. 
 
 Brow^te, 3<i sing. pf. of bring, v. 
 tr. 41, 49, 343,' 370. 
 
 BrydeUe, sb. 229, 292, 341. 
 
 Brynge, v. tr. 2(7 sing. imp. 203. 
 
 Bry^t, adj. = bright, 8 ; bry^te, 
 298. 
 
 Busk, V. tr. = prepare, make 
 ready ; 3(7 sing. pf. ind. buskede, 
 172; p. pt. buskedde, 233. 
 
 (CHEV. assigne) 
 
 But, coTzy. 15, 17, &c. = except, 
 38 ; only, 242. 
 
 By, prep. 196, 348 ; = of, con- 
 cerning, 5 : at, about, 84, 143, 
 205 ; through, 85, 216, adv. = 
 near, 109. 
 
 Bycche, sb. — bitch, 62. 
 
 Bydeste = abides!, 256, 2d sing, 
 ind. of byde, v. intr. 
 
 Byddynge, sb. — command, 85. 
 
 Byddyth. See Bid. 
 
 Byfore, prep. — before, 23, 64, 
 110, 124, &c., before, 114. 
 
 Byforne, adv. = before, 322 (Win. 
 biforn. Gen. biforen). 
 
 Bygyleth, p. pt. of beguile, v. tr. 
 (for beguiled), 78. 
 
 Byginne, v. tr. 3d sing. ina. 
 bygynnethe, 76, 246; 3d sing. pf. 
 byganne, 183. 
 
 Byhelde, 3d sing. pf. of byhold 
 behold, 21. 
 
 Bylefte, p. pt. of byleve, or be- 
 leave = abandon, 240. 
 
 Bylle, sb. z= bill, 360. 
 
 Byrafte, 3c7 sing. pf. ind. of by- 
 reave or bereave. O.E. bereafian ; 
 199, 351. 
 
 Byrthe, sb. — birth, 23, 40, 291 ; 
 berthe, 65. 
 
 Byside, adv. = beside, 149. 
 
 Bytake {or bitake) =betake, com- 
 mit, deliver. O.E. betoecan ; 3d 
 sing. pres. md. bytakethe, 151 ; 
 bytaketh, 173 ; p.pt. bytaken, 163; 
 cp. Gen. 212. 
 
 Call, V. tr. 3d vl. gyres, indie. 
 calleii, 366 ; kailen, 292, 296 ; 3d 
 pi. pf. called, 46 ; kallede, 270 ; 2d 
 sing. imp. kalle, 204 ; p. pt. called, 
 289 ; kalled, 6, 231. 
 
 Caste, V. tr. 52 ; 3d pi. pres. ind. 
 caste, 88 ; 1st sing. pf. caste, 167 ; 
 3d sing, caste, 63. 
 
 Cawsed, 3d sing. pf. ind. of 
 cause, V. tr. 39 
 
 4 
 
24 
 
 GLOSSARIAL INDEX. 
 
 Certeyne, adj. — certain, 253. 
 
 Charde, v. intr. = care, 329. 
 
 Charge, sh. concern, 235. 
 
 Chaste, = chest, 127. See 
 Note. 
 
 Chaunce, sh. 123. 
 
 Chefe, sh. = chief, 11. 
 
 Cherye, sh. = cherry, 329. 
 
 Chese, 3cZ sing. pf. of choose. 
 Used with the prep, to, 357. 
 
 Cheualere, 55. 11,333; chenelere, 
 369. 
 
 Cheuelrye, sh. miswritten for 
 chenelere, 328. 
 
 Cheuene, v. tr. quasi chiefen = 
 to rule over, 16. 
 
 Cheuerynge, imp. pt. of cheuer 
 or chyuer, q. v. 
 
 Cheyne, sh. 43, 125, 137, 146, 
 148, 150, 157, 164, 165, 176, 179, 
 199, 351. 
 
 Choppe, V. tr. 330. 
 
 Chylde, sh. = child, 16, 29, &c. 
 With chylde, 35 ; pi. chylderen, 
 23, 82, 93 ; chyldren, 107, 122, 
 130, &c. ; children, 143 ; childeren, 
 347. 
 
 Confounde, v. tr. 75. 
 
 Coimtes, sh. = countess, 269. 
 
 Counselle, sh. 50. 
 
 Courte, sh. 53, 123, 163, 203; 
 cowrte, 150, 155, &c. 
 
 Cowche, sh. — bed, 45. 
 
 Cowpe, sh. = cup, 153, 164, 173, 
 &c. 
 
 Crafte, sh. — business, 313. 
 
 Criste, 104; Cryste, 111. 
 
 Cristen, v. tr. — christen, 266 ; 
 '6d pi. pres. ind. cristene, 365 ; p. 
 pt. cristened, 203, 275. 
 
 Crosse, sh. 281. 
 
 Crowne, sh. 237. 
 
 Croyse, sh. = cross, 328-9 ; croys, 
 332. 
 
 Cry, V. intr. 2>d sing. pres. ind. 
 cryethe, 81 ; M pi. pf. cryedde, 
 106 ; cryde, 108 ; cryede. 111. 
 
 Cuppe, sh. 160, 168. 
 
 Cursed, p. pt. of curse, v. tr. 38, 
 145 ; used adjectively, cursede, 
 142; cursedde, 121. 
 
 Curteynesse, sh. — courteousness, 
 179. 
 
 Chyuer, v. intr. = shiver , 3(7 j 
 pi. pf. chyuered, 107 ; imp. pt. i 
 cheuerynge, 107. Cp. Morte Arthur i 
 (Line.) 1. 3392. | 
 
 Clene, adj. 174. j 
 
 Clensen, v. tr. = to cleanse, 247. i 
 
 Close, sh. — an enclosed field, or | 
 space of ground, 272. i 
 
 Clothe, sh. = cloth, 97. | 
 
 Colde, sh. 107. | 
 
 Combred {p. pt. of combre (cum- ! 
 her) = to trouble) = miserable, 71. | 
 
 Come, V. intr. 38 ; com, 248 ; j 
 2(7 smg. pres, indie, comeste, 51 ; j 
 3(7 sing, comethe, 109; pf. come, i 
 64, lib, 142, 151, 173, l83, 208, 
 228, 248 ; Kome, 113, 346 ; p. pt. ' 
 comen, 154. I 
 
 Dame, sh. 69, 73, 125, 132, 250. 
 
 Damme, sh. — mother, 61. 
 
 Dare, v. intr. Is7 sing. pres. ind. 
 27 ; 3(7 sing. pf. durste, 56 ; pi. 147. 
 
 Day, sh. 188, 191, 208. 
 
 Dedde. 8'ee Done. 
 
 Dede, sh. = deed, 274. 
 
 Deepe, adv. 86. 
 
 Delyuered, p. pt. of delyuer, v. 
 tr. 37, 180 ; 3(7 sing. pf. 155, 178. 
 
 Deseruethe, 3c7 sing. pres, of de- 
 serve, V. tr. 72. 
 
 Deth, sh. 100; dethe, 138, 182, 
 186. 
 
 Do, V. tr. 139 ; done, 238 ; Zd 
 sing. pf. 172 ; 2(7 sing, imper. do, 
 138 jo7. don, 235. 
 
GLOSSARIAL INDEX. 
 
 25 
 
 Dole, sh. = sorrow, compassion, 
 134; doole, 359. 
 
 Dolefulle, adj. 106. 
 
 Dome, sh. — doom, 186 ; pi. 
 domus, 91. 
 
 Dore, sh. 60, 87. 
 
 Down, adv. 305, 334, 335. 
 
 Dow^ter, sh. = daughter, 42. 
 
 Draw, V. tr. O.E. drag an (in- 
 transitively used, as in the phrase 
 ‘Draw near’); 3d sing, and pi. 
 drowj, 33 ; and drowse, 37, 114, 
 161. 
 
 Drow 3 e = drew (Gen. 1. 2360, 
 dragen. O.E. drog). See Draw. 
 
 Drye, v. tr. (O.E. dreogan. Gen. 
 dregen; Allit. = to dree, to 
 
 suffer, 343. 
 
 Dryne, v. tr. dryue out bring 
 out, ascertain, 259. 
 
 Dubbede, 2>dsing. pf. ind. 276. 
 
 Durste. See Dare. 
 
 Dwellest, 2d sing. pres. ind. of 
 dwell, V. intr. 201 ; 3d sing, pf 
 dwellede, 13. 
 
 Dymme, = dim, dark, 86. 
 
 Dynte, sh. 138. 
 
 Eche, ady. = each, 31, 44, 126; 
 each a, O.E. ilka = each, every, 
 187. 
 
 Edder, sh. = adder, 331. 
 
 Eggelynges, adv. = edgelings, 
 edgewise, with the edge (O.E. Ecg. 
 = edge), 305. 
 
 Eke, adv. — also, 180. 
 
 Elies, adv. = else (Allit. ellef), 
 74, 215, 290 ; ellis, 30. 
 
 Elleven, adj. 89. 
 
 Ende, sh. 40, 240 ; v. tr. 330. 
 
 Enforme, v. tr. 212. 
 
 Er, prep. = ere, before, 7 0. 
 
 Erie, sh. 268. 
 
 Erthe, sh. 320. 
 
 ! Etethe, 3d sing. pres. ind. of ete 
 i (eat), 290. 
 
 I Ellen, 243, 334. 
 
 Euurz= ever, 222, 322. 
 
 Eyther = each, 220, 318, 320. 
 
 j 
 
 Fader, sh. = father, 90, 212, 219 ; 
 pass, fader, 203. 
 
 Eallethe, p. pt. of fall = failed, 
 310. Perhaps miswritten for felled; 
 which is the more likely, as the p. 
 pt. of fall ought to be fallen ; while 
 fell would make felled. We say, 
 however, sometimes, ‘ To fall tim- 
 ber.’ 
 
 False, adj. 257 ; fals, 239. 
 
 Easte, adv. 141, 223, 227, 304, 
 309, 342. 
 
 Fastened, p. pt. of fasten, v. tr. 
 319. 
 
 Fayre, adj. 90; feyre, 217, 266, 
 275, 36h 
 
 Febull, adj. = sad, bad, 58 ; used 
 substantivelg, 76. 
 
 Feder, s5.= feather; pi. federes, 
 361. 
 
 Felawe, sh. — fellow, 258. 
 
 Felde, sh. = field, 223, 319. 
 
 Felle, adj. = severe, stern, cruel, 
 239. 
 
 Felle, p>f- of intr. 110, 
 
 114; 3d;d. 148 ; = befell, 130. 
 
 Felly, adv. = sternly, cruelly, 
 fiercely, 76, 225. The word is 
 used by Spenser. 
 
 Fende, = fiend, devil, 120; 
 fend, 240. 
 
 Fere, sh. — companion, 325. 
 
 Fersly, adv. — fiercely, 342. 
 
 Ferther, adv. (cornj^.) = further, 
 127. 
 
 Fete, sh. (pi. of foot) 303, 323. 
 
 Fette, p. pt. of fette, v. tr. = 
 fetch, 279. 
 
26 
 
 GLOSSARIAL INDEX. 
 
 Fevth, 56 . 48; feytlie, 121, 130, 
 142. 
 
 Find, V. IT. p. pt. fownden, 239 ; 
 
 sing, indie, fyudes, 305. 
 
 Flesh, sh. 310. 
 
 Fleye, 2>dpl. pf. of fly, v. intr. 319. 
 
 Flowen, ?>d pi. 2\f- of the same, 
 148 {Allit. floicen ; Gen. floqeyi). 
 Folke, sh. 187, 223. 
 
 Folowe, V. tr. 2d sing, imper. 
 310 ; 3</ sinq. pres. ind. folowetb, 
 116, 342. 
 
 Fomede, 3c? of fome 
 
 (foam), V. intr. 361. 
 
 Foiite, sh. 267, 365. 
 
 For, conj. 3, 5, &c. ; prep. 15, 
 29, 49, &c. 
 
 Foreste, sh. 95. 
 
 Forge, V. tr. 153. 
 
 Forlonge, sh. — furlong, 228. 
 Formed, Zd pi. pf. of form, v. tr. 
 365 ; p.pt. forraetli =: formed, 200, 
 209. 
 
 Formerken, v. intr. = darken ; 
 'id sing, indie, formerknes, 362. 
 tSee Note. 
 
 Forsette, v. tr. — beset, entrap, 
 betrav, 251. O.E. forsettan. Op. 
 Allit.‘'B. 78. 
 
 Forsothe, adr. 18, 195, 242. 
 Forsworn, jj. pt. of forswear, v. tr. 
 
 199 ; forsworue, 351. 
 
 Forthe, adv. 52, 60, 75, &c. 
 Forth, 176. 
 
 F orthy, adv. = wherefore, 218 
 (O.E.). 
 
 I'ostere, sh. — forester, 120 . 
 Fowle, adj. 40, 239. 
 
 Fownden. See Find. 
 
 Fowre, numeral adj. — four, 95. 
 Fo^yrth, adj. — fourth, 367. 
 Frapte, of frap = strike, 332. 
 Frely, adj. — lordly, noble, 218, 
 
 266,275. Cp. Allit. B. 162; Wm. 
 124. 
 
 Freshe, adj. 258. 
 
 Fro, 2 )rep. 113, 148, 159, 298, 
 328. 
 
 Frusch, V. intr. (properly tr. — 
 strike. Fr. froisser) but here = 
 rush ; 3c? smg. ind. fruscheth, 332. 
 
 Fhilfylde, p. pt. of fulfyUe (fulfil), 
 206. 
 
 Fulle, adv. 12 , 54, 69, 113, 141, 
 &c. 
 
 Fulwen, v. tr. = baptize. O.E. 
 fulwian ; p. pt. fulwedde, 369. 
 
 Furre, comp, of fur = further, 
 311. 
 
 Fyfte, adj. — fifth, 368. 
 
 Fyndes. See Find, v. tr. 
 
 Fyre, sh. 224, 233, 332, 345 ; 
 fyer, 159, 165, 167, 344. 
 
 Fyrste, adj. 51, 58 ; adv. 80. 
 
 Fysh, sh. = fish, 353. 
 
 F}uie, numeral adj. 159 ; fyye, 
 167. 
 
 Fy^te, V. intr. — fight, 200, 209, 
 212, 245, 259; sb. 273. 
 
 Gader, v. intr. = gather ; imp. 
 pt. gaderyuge, 223. 
 
 Gete, V. tr. =get, 261 ; 2>d sing, 
 pf. ind. gette (properly 3 et or ^at), 
 34; 2d sing, irnper. gete, 137. 
 
 Gladdenes, sh. 57. 
 
 Go, V. intr. 3c? sing. pres. ind. 
 goothe, 157 ; Sd pi. gon, 354; p. 
 pt. go, 143. 
 
 God, sh. 1, 40, &c. ; pass, goddes, 
 206, 219. 
 
 Godfader, sh. 267. 
 
 Godmoder, sh. 269. 
 
 Goldsmy^te, sh. 153, 157, 354 ; 
 goldsmythe, 352. 
 
 Good, adj. 130, 289. 
 
 Grace, sh. 302, 339. 
 
GLOSSARTAL INDKX. 
 
 27 
 
 Graimt, v. tr. — grant ; 2c? sing, 
 pf. ind. grauntethe, 278; Zd sing. 
 graunted, 189, 249. 
 
 Grete, adj. — great, 83 ; gret, 264. 
 
 Grownde, sh. 302. 
 
 Gr}Tiime, adj. black, dark, 51 ; 
 sad, 189. Cp. Allit. A. 1069. 
 
 Grypte, 3t? sing. pf. of gryp, v. 
 tr. 220. 
 
 G^ninyth, 3cZ sing. pres. ind. of 
 gjime, V. (l)egin), 66. 
 
 Hadde. See Haue. 
 
 Halen, v. tr. = to liaiii ; 3c? gjl. 
 indie, halenne, 280. 
 
 Halfe, sh. 165; = side, behalf, 
 219. 
 
 Haluefidele = half-deal = half, 
 176 ; halvendelle, 160. 
 
 llam, pron. ohj. = them, 
 
 152. 
 
 llappe, sh. = hap (good), 324. 
 
 Harm, sb. 235 ; harme, 3. 
 
 Harnes, sh. r= armour, 278 ; liar- 
 nejs, 337. 
 
 Hast. See Haue. 
 
 HatefuUe, adj. 141. 
 
 Hath. See Haue. 
 
 Haue, V. tr. 120 ; 1st sing. pres, 
 ind. 70, 353; 2c? sing, hast, 78; 
 haste, 194, 251, 310; 3c? sing. 
 hath, 128; 3c? pi. haue, 79; 3c/ 
 .nng. p)f- hadde, 16, 44, 47 ; 1st 
 sing. pf. suhj. 181 ; 2c/ smg. 53 ; p. 
 pt. hadde, 79. 
 
 Hawberke, sh. 296. 
 
 Hq, pers. p>ron. 2, 13, &c. 
 
 Hedde, sh. — head, 27, 217, 257 ; 
 hede, 295 ; heede, 311. 
 
 Heelde. See Holden, v. tr. 
 
 Heete {or Hete), v. tr. = tell ; 
 1st sing. pres, indie. 18. 
 
 Hele, sh. = pleasure, advantage, 
 324. O.E. i/(?/= health. 
 
 Helle, sh. 10. 
 
 1 Helme = helmet, sh. 296, 306, 
 338. 
 
 Helpe, sh. 118, 247, 273. 
 
 Helpe, V. tr. 50 ; 3c? sing. pres, 
 subj. 70. 
 
 Hem, pron. — ’em, them ; 19, 
 20, 44, 45, 52, 83, 96, 97, 101, 
 102, 104, 109, no, 112, 114—119, 
 126, 129, 133, 134, 138, 148, 151, 
 152, 159, 169, 190, 194, 196, 199, 
 316, 318—320, 348, 351. 
 j Hemselfen = themselves, 20. 
 
 Hente, v. tr. = seize, take ; 3c? )>l. 
 pf. ind. hente, 85 ; p. pt. hente, 3. 
 
 Her, poss. pron. fern. 10, 32, 340, 
 341. 
 
 Her, pers. pron. fern. ohj. 23, 35, 
 38, 47, 68, 70, 73, 85, i76, 262. 
 
 Her, adv. =here, in this place, 77. 
 
 Her = their. See Here. 
 
 II&VQ, poss. 2 ^ron. fein. = her, 171, 
 182, 240, 255. 
 
 Here, pers. pron. fern. ohj. = her, 
 15, 32, 34, 86-88, 126, 131, 135, 
 151, 153, 189, 190, 226, 342-344. 
 
 Here, JD05S. ^9?. = their, 126, 
 220, 235, 274, 315, 321 ; her, 105, 
 199, 327. 
 
 Here, v. tr. — hear, 57 ; H? sing, 
 pf. ind. herde, 213; 3c? sing. 55, 
 58, 108 ; 2c/ sing, imper. 131. 
 
 Here, sh. — hair ; pi. heres, 255. 
 
 Heremyte, sh. 115, 221 ; hermyte, 
 109, 192, 201. 
 
 Herseluen r= lierself, 47. 
 
 Herte, sh. (Germ, /cer^') = lieail, 
 18, 189, 263, 334. 
 
 Hette, 3c? sing. pres, indie. = is 
 called, 232 ; 3c/ sing, pf hette, 7 ; 
 liyhe, 9. (O.E. hatan — io be 
 
 ealled.) 
 
 His, poss. pron. masc. 2, 8, 36, 
 &c. ; hjs, 135. 
 
 Hit, pers. pron. neut. 30, 72, 74, 
 &c. 
 
28 
 
 GLOSRARIAL INDEX. 
 
 Holden, v. tr. = io hold, 169; 
 sing. jif. ind. heelde, 152; 2rf 
 sing, imper. holde, 127 ; j). pt. 
 holde = accounted, 70. 
 
 Hole, sh. 294. 
 
 Hole, adj. — -whole, 353. 
 
 Hollye, ado. — wholly, 160, 168, 
 181. 
 
 Holy, adj. 109, 265. 
 
 Honde, sh. — hand, 2, 41, 152, 
 158, 164, 166, 174, 220, 255, 287, 
 300, 315, 370. 
 
 Hondredde = hundred, 255. 
 
 Honged, 2>d sing. pf. of hongen, 
 or hangen = liang, 18. 
 
 Hors, sh. = horse, 213, 289 ; pi. 
 horses, 321. 
 
 Houe, V. intr. — to abide still, to 
 hover, to wait, 288. Cp. AUit. B. 
 927 ; and Lancelot, 996. 
 
 How, adv. 26, 31, &c. 
 
 Hownde, sh. p>l. howndes, 79, 234. 
 
 Hy, adj. = high, 326 ; bye, 217 ; 
 hy^, 224; hy^e, 280; on hy 3 e = 
 aloud. 
 
 Hylyde, 3cZ sing. pf. of hylen = 
 hele = cover, 102. 
 
 Hym, pers. pron. masc. ohj. — 
 him, 4, 24, &c. 
 
 Hym for Hem = them, 52. 
 
 Hynde, sh. 113, 116. 
 
 Hytte, V. tr. 300. 
 
 Hy 36 , adj. See Hy. 
 
 Hy^e, V. intr. =^hie, go, 139; 
 reft. Zd sing. pf. hyed hym, 141. 
 
 Hy 3 nes, sh. — highness, 4. 
 
 Hy 3 te = Avas called. See Hette. 
 
 I, pers. pron. 5, 1 8, &c. 
 
 If, eonj. 192. 
 
 In, prep. 4, 5, &c. 
 
 Is, 2>d sing. pres. ind. of Ee, v. 
 intr. 1, 26, &c. 
 
 pers. pron. neut. 1, 12, &c. 
 
 Joye, sh. 246. 
 
 Juge = judge, 236. See Hote. 
 
 KaUed, &c. See Call. 
 
 Kan, V. tr. = can, i. e. know ; Is^ 
 sing. pres. ind. kan, 311, 313 ; 2d 
 sing, kanste, 212 ; 167 sing. pf. 
 kowthe = knew, 313. 
 
 KaAV 3 te, 2>d sing. pf. ind. of 
 catch, 287 ; in 1. 62 it = snatched. 
 Cp. ‘caught up.’ 
 
 Keene, adj. 183; used adverhially. 
 
 Kenely, adv. 309. 
 
 Kepe, V. tr. = keep, 50 ; ?>d sing, 
 pf. ind. kepte, 117, 174; 2d sing, 
 imper. kepe, 328. 
 
 Keste, 2>d sing. pf. indie, of cast, 
 97. 
 
 Knee, sh. pt. knees, 110. 
 
 Knowe, v. tr. 97 ; sing, pyres, 
 ind. 309, 352; 2d sing, knoweste, 
 251 ; Zd sing. pf. knewe, 49. 
 
 Knyfe, sh. 62. 
 
 Kny^te, sh. — knight, 258, 276, 
 287, 289 ; pi. kny^tes, 354. 
 
 Koine. See Come. 
 
 Kowarde, sh. 71. 
 
 Kowth. See Kan. 
 
 Kylled, Zd sing. pf. of kylle 
 (kill) ; V. ir. 62. 
 
 Kynde, sh. (kind) = nature, con- 
 dition, 71, 276; kin, family. 11. 
 Cp. Gen. 650. 
 
 Kynge, sh. 7, 20, &c. ; poss. 
 kynges, 195. 
 
 Kyrtelle, sh. 294. 
 
 Ladde. See Lead, v. tr. Spenser 
 uses this inflection, F. Q., 1. i. 4 : 
 
 ‘ a milke white lamb she lad.' 
 
 Lady, sh. 82, 89, 92, 191. 
 
 Lafte. See Leve, v. tr. 
 
 Langour, sh. = languor, 15, 57, 
 92. 
 
 Lappe, sh. 257. 
 
GLOSSARIAL INDEX. 
 
 29 
 
 Lappe, V. tr. = wrap ; 2>d sing, 
 pf. lappede, 102 ; p. pt. lapped, 
 i32 ; lappedde, 101. 
 
 Lassche, v. tr. = strike (lash out 
 = kick) ; 3c? sing pres. ind. lassch- 
 etli, 323. 
 
 Laste, adj. 240. 
 
 Launce, sh. 300. 
 
 Lauiice, v. tr. = launce, dart, 
 throw ; '6d sing. pres. ind. launces, 
 323. 
 
 Laye. See Lye, v. intr. 
 
 Lead, v. tr. 2>d sing. pf. ind. 
 ladde, 287. 
 
 Lefe, adj. = dear, 82. 
 
 Lefte, pf. of leve, q. v. 
 
 Lefte, 3c? sing. j)f. ind. of lift 
 (O.E. Lefan), 45. 
 
 Lende, v. intr. a form of leng = 
 tarry, abide ; p. pt. lente, ' was 
 lente,’ 1. 5 =: dwelt. Cp. Allit. B. 
 1084, ‘ wa^t lent.’ 
 
 Lendeth, 3c? sing. pres. ind. of 
 lend, V. tr. 99. 
 
 Lene, v. ?r. = lend, grant, 277, 
 284; p. pt. lente, 112, 339. 
 
 Leng, V. intr. = tarry, dwell ; 3 c? 
 sing. pres. ind. lengeth, 4. 
 
 Lengur, adv., comp, of long, 77, 
 112, 303 ; lengere, 364. 
 
 Lente. See Lende, v. intr. ; and 
 Lene, v. tr. 
 
 Lepte, 3c? sing. pf. ind. of lepe 
 (leap), V. intr. 254. 
 
 Let, V. tr. = allow, cause ; 3c? 
 sing. pf. ind. lette, 24, 190 ; 2c? 
 sing, imper. lette, 187 ; lete, 307 ; 
 2c? sing, siibj. lete, 52. 
 
 Leue, V. tr. = believe, allow, 28, 
 133 ; leeue, 242. 
 
 Leue, V. tr. = leave ; Is? sing. pf. 
 ind. lafte, 133 ; 3c? sing. 17, 22i ; 
 1st pi. imper. leue, 92; pi. pres, 
 ind. leuen, 87. Also intransitively 
 — remain ; 3c? sing. pf. ind. lefte, 
 175 ; leued, 255. 
 
 Leues, sh. pi. of lefe (leaf), 119. 
 
 Ley. See Lye, v. intr. 
 
 Leyde, Is? sing. pf. ind. of lay ; 
 V. tr. 165 ; 3c? sing. 87, 101, 159, 
 338. 
 
 Leyne, v. tr. — grant, requite, 
 reward, 99. 
 
 Lofe, sh. = love, 15. 
 
 Loke, V. intr. — look, 364 ; 3c? 
 sing. pf. ind. loked, 21 ; 3c? sing, 
 imper. looke, 52 ; loke, 203, 300. 
 
 Lokke, sh. of a door, 87 ; of hair, 
 254; pi. lokkes, 338. 
 
 Londe, sh. =-- land, G, 181, 231 ; 
 pi. londis, 16. 
 
 Longe, adj. 95, 299 ; adv. 47, 
 185. 
 
 Lorde, sh. 5, 36, 70, &c. 
 
 Lordeles, adj. = having no lord, 
 or sovereign, 17. 
 
 Losse, sh. 358. 
 
 Lothe, adj. 249 ; loth, 48. 
 
 Lone, sh. 36. 
 
 Loue, V. tr. 14. 
 
 Lonely, adv. 98. 
 
 Lowde, adj. 225. 
 
 Lowely, adv. — meekly, humbly, 
 36, 339. 
 
 Low 3 e, 3c? pjl. pf. indie, of la^e, 
 V. intr. = laugh, 98. 
 
 Lye, V. intr. 257 ; 3c? sing. pf. 
 ind. lay, 57, 207 ; laye, 76 ; ‘3c? pi. 
 ley, 98; imp.pt. lyyinge, 133. 
 
 Lyf, s6. = life, 17; lyfe, 112, 
 335. 
 
 Lyfe, V. intr. = live, 54. 
 
 Lyfte, V. tr. 299. 
 
 Lyke, v. — like, 54 {see I^ote), 
 140 ; 3c? sing. pres. ind. lykes, 134 ; 
 lyketh, 73. 
 
 Lykynge, sh. — liking, 13. 
 
 Lyme, sh. — limb ; p?. lymes, 217. 
 
 Lyonys, y??. of lyon ; sh. 214. 
 
30 
 
 GLOSSARIAL INDEX. 
 
 LytiiUe, adj. 242. 
 
 Lyue, V. intr. — live ; 2>d sing. 
 
 j)f. ind. lyuede, 89. 
 
 Lyue, sb. — life, 140. 
 
 Lyuinge, adj. — living, 25 G. 
 Ly 3 tly, adv. = lightly, 303. 
 
 Made. ^ 
 Maden. » 
 
 See Make. 
 
 ]\Iake, V. fr. 3d sing. pres. ind. 
 maketh, 2G7 ; 3d sing. pf. made, 
 9, 83, 90, 135, 359 ; 3d pi. maden, 
 314. 
 
 Man, sb. 4G, 108, &c. ; manne, 
 29 ; poss. maunes, 273 ; pi. men, 
 79, 94 ; menne, 285. 
 
 ManteUe, sb. 101, 105, 132. 
 Many, adj. 31, 34, &c. 
 
 Marre, sb. — mar, v. tr. 2G1. 
 Mater, sb. — matter, 21 G. 
 
 May, Ls^ sing. pres. ind. of mo we 
 = to be able = can, 74, 295; 2r/ 
 sing. 50, 54; also mayste, 249. 
 iMayden, sb. 3G8. 
 
 ]\le, indeterm. pron. (Germ, man ; 
 Fr. on) 30. 
 
 .Me, pers. pron. obj. 70, 2G1. 
 Mene, v. tr. mention ; 3c? sing. 
 
 pf. ind. menede, 124. 
 iMengynge, = mingling, twist- 
 ing, 125. From menge, v. tr. — 
 mix. 
 
 Meruelows, adj. {yiS>Qdi adverbially) 
 185. 
 
 Merueyle, sb. 125. 
 Mesure, sb. 171. 
 
 Mete, sb. — meat, 88, 144. 
 
 Moche, adj. = much, 9, 39, 102, 
 136 ; substantively . 184. 
 
 Moder, sb. — mother, 9, 39, 59, 
 180, 200, 205, 209, 210. 
 
 Mone, sb. — moan, 83, 13G. 
 Mony, a<?/ 90, 124, 271. 
 
 More, adj. 88, 125, 171. 
 
 Morn, sb. — morning, 183. 
 
 Morne, v. intr. — mourn, GG. 
 
 Morwe, sb. — morrow, 172. 
 
 IMost, V. — must, 2c? sing. ind. 
 of mot, 50, 206; 3d sing. 136, 206. 
 See Mote. 
 
 Moste, adv. 285. 
 
 Mote, 3c? sing. pres. subj. of 
 mot, 120. The word has in this 
 phrase an optative force. See Most. 
 
 Mowthe, sb. z=z mouth, 292. 
 
 IMultiplyeth, 3c? sing. pres. ind. 
 of multiply ; v. intr. 158. 
 
 IMurdered, p. pt. of murder, v. 
 tr. 340. 
 
 IMurther, v. tr. 94, 129. 
 
 My, p>oss. pron. 27, 78, 82, 100, 
 &c 
 
 Mydday, sb. 205. 
 
 IMyle, sb. 95. 
 
 M}me, J9055. pron. 181. 
 
 Mysfare, v. iidr. =go wrong, 238. 
 
 Myskarye, v. intr. = miscarrv, 
 260. 
 
 IMyssede, 3c? sing. pf. ind. of 
 mysse (miss), v. tr. 83. 
 
 iMy^te = might, Is? sing. pf. ind. 
 of mowe, or mowen, v. 134; 3<? 
 .sing. 14, 247, 363 ; Is? pi. 3. 
 
 Xame, sb. 204, 270. 
 
 Xay, interj. 28. 
 
 Xe = not, 3, 147. 
 
 ISTekke, sb. 297, 337. 
 
 Xere, p>rep. = near, 38. 
 
 Xere, v. = ne were, 4. 
 
 Xeuur, adv. = never, 202, 216. 
 IS’eythur, adv. 253 ; sb. 306. 
 
 Xo, adj. 16, 38, 77. 
 
 Xone = ne one, 127, 216; adj. 
 250. 
 
GLOSSARIAL INDEX. 
 
 31 
 
 jN'oryscheth, 2>d sing. pres. ind. 
 of norysch (nourish) ; v. tr. 118. 
 
 jSTot, adv. 28. 
 
 Is^otlier, conj. = nor, 253. 
 
 Xowe, adv. 354. 
 
 ISTow^te, sh. — nought, 53. 
 
 Noyse, sh. 225. 
 
 Xo 3 t, adv. = not, 236, 295 ; 
 no^te, 74. 
 
 Xo 3 the, = nouglit, 290; 
 now^te, 53. 
 
 Xykke,?;. ^r. = refuse, contradict ; 
 = ne (not), ikke (say) ,• cognate 
 with Latin Negare. With ikke 
 compare Gothic Aikan ; Sanskrit 
 Ah = to say, to speak ; Latin Ajo 
 (agjo). Cp. also the Sanskrit 
 Aham ■= 1, with the O.E. Ic. 
 
 Xy^e, adj. — nigh, 100. 
 
 Xy 3 te, sh. — night, 33, 34, 161, 
 191. 
 
 Oi, prep. 4, 10, &c. — from, out 
 of, 287 ;= adv. off, 146, 311. 
 
 Ofte, adv. 3, 111. 
 
 Olde, adj. 163, 227, 243, &c. 
 
 On, prep. 34, 207. 
 
 On, Tiwm. = one, 44, 126, 143, 
 249, 295, 297, 299, 357, 358 ; oon, 
 29, 285. 
 
 One, num. 264. 
 
 One, adj. = alone, 15, 19. 
 
 Ones, adv. = at ones = at once, 
 98, 196, 272, 348. 
 
 On-hy 3 e, adv. — aloud, 25, 64, 
 106, 234, 346; on hy;, 81 ; on-hy 
 = up, 326. 
 
 Ony, adj. = any, 175, 273. 
 
 Oo-lyuynge, adj. = everliving, 
 eternal, 201. 
 
 Oon. See On. 
 
 Orysoun, sh. — prayer, 90. 
 
 Other, adj. 144, 145, 296, d:c. ; 
 othur, 159, 167, 347, 
 
 Other, conj. = or (Germ, oder)^ 
 324. 
 
 OviVy poss. pron. 36, 70, 93, 117. 
 Out, /or drew, or pulled out, 146. 
 Ouur, adv. — over, 175. 
 
 Owne, 2, 14, &c. 
 
 Pappe, sh. — breast, 114. 
 
 Paye, v. tr. = please, 65. 
 
 Peces, pi. of pece (piece), 315. 
 Pele, v. intr. smite, ‘ let drive,’ 
 304. Cp. peal (of bells), sb. ; also 
 pelt, V. Mr Skeat writes, “ Per- 
 haps this is an instance of the 
 word Pelle, which occurs in Have- 
 lok, and nowhere else, unless it is 
 here. In Havelok it = drive forth, 
 go ; and seems to be the Lat. 
 fellere. 
 
 The line in Havelok is, 
 
 ‘ Shal ich neuere lenger dwelle, 
 
 To raorwen shall ich forth pellet 
 11. 809-10. 
 
 [‘ I shall stay here no longer, 
 
 I shall start off to-morrow ! 
 
 It answers to our expression, ‘ go 
 full drive.’ ” 
 
 Place, sh. 12. 
 
 Plesed, p. pt. of plese (please) ; 
 V. tr. 274. 
 
 ! Plukke, V. tr. 2d. sing, imper. 
 
 I 304. 
 
 Pore, adj. — poor, 22, 26, 363. 
 Posse, sh. Perhaj)s miswritten 
 for Poste, 281. 
 
 Prayde, 3d sing. pf. ind. of pray ; 
 V. tr. 284 ; 2d sing. pres, praveth, 
 277. 
 
 Preste, aAj. = ready, 135. 
 Prestly, adv. = readily, cpiicklv, 
 277. 
 
 Preve, v. tr. = prove, 252. 
 
 Price, adj. = worthy, noble, 279. 
 
 Comp. Win. 1. 411. 
 
 Prisoun, sh. 80 ; prysoiin, 86. 
 
32 
 
 GLOSSARIAL INDEX. 
 
 Prowde, adj. 115. 
 
 Pulledde, ‘6d j)l. pf. of pulle ; c. 
 tr. 327. 
 
 Putte, V. tr., ?)d sing. pf. ind. 
 putte, 115 ; putt, 135. 
 
 Pyne, sh. = suffering, 92. O.E. 
 pin ; V. tr. = to make to suffer, to 
 torment, 26. O.'E.pinan. 
 
 Pytte, sh. = pit, 63. 
 
 Quod or quoth, 3J sing. pf. ind. 
 = said, 71, 99, 169, 214-216, 
 219, 230, 236, 242, 250, 256, 260, 
 288, 289, 290, 312, 328-29, 336, 
 352. O.E. cwarS, of Cice^an — to 
 say. 
 
 Qwene, sh. — queen, 8, 14, &c. 
 
 Eaunges, sh.pl. — lists, 314, 321. 
 Cp. ‘ ringes ’ in Sir Eglamore, 1. 
 1121, Percy folio, p. 382, vol. 2. 
 
 Eaw^te (Eauglit). Eeclie. 
 
 Eeasonabullye, adv. — reason- 
 ably, 34. 
 
 Eebukede, 3<i sing. pf. of rebuke, 
 32. 
 
 Eecbe, v. tr. — reach ; 2>d sing, 
 pres. ind. reclieth, 176; ?>d pi. pf. 
 raw^ten, 316. 
 
 Recke, v. intr. — reck, care ; Zd 
 sing. pf. ind. row^te, 177 ; 2c? sing, 
 imper. rekke, 306. 
 
 Rede, v. tr. — advise, 222 ; Is^ 
 sing, pjres. hid. rede, 169. 
 
 Redresse, v. tr. 205. 
 
 Rekke. See Recke. 
 
 Rennen, v. intr. = i\m, 316 (1); 
 imp. pt. reiinynge, 113 ; Zd pi. pf. 
 ronnen, 314, 321. Hennene, 316, 
 may be sh. — renneuge or running, 
 but is more likely the verb above. 
 
 Reredde, p. of rere (rear) ; 
 
 V. tr. 211. 
 
 Reste, V. tr. 77 ; 2c? sing, imper. \ 
 reste, 303. i 
 
 Rewede, Zd sing. pf. ind. of rewe , 
 (rue) ; v. tr. = repent, be sorry I 
 
 for ; used impersonally, 55 ; hym 
 rewede = he was sorry. 
 
 Rewfulle, adj. 149. 
 
 Rewthe, sh. — ruth, sorrow, 102, 
 363. 
 
 Ring, V. intr., Zd pi. pf. ind. 
 rongen, 272. 
 
 Rongen. See Ring. 
 
 Rowte, sh. — crowd, 287. 
 
 Row^te. See Rekke, v. intr. 
 
 Rycbe, adj. 271, 306, 363. 
 
 Rydetbe, Zd sing. pres. ind. of 
 ryde (ride) ; v. intr. 341; rydinge, 
 p.pt. 228. 
 
 Ryuer, sh. 198; ryuere, 149, 
 i 350; })oss. ryueres, 132. 
 
 Ry^te, arfy.L right, 222, 236, 
 336, 352; sh. 259 ; pi. ‘his ry^tes,’ 
 283 ; adv. 32, 198, 205, 249. 
 
 Ry 3 [t]lye, adv. — rightly, 236. 
 
 Sadde, adj. 119. Perhaps = solid, 
 massive (Cp. Win. 1072) ; or else, 
 and more probably = shed (O.E. 
 seaden, from scadan, v. tr. Germ. 
 scheiden). Cp. Gen. 1. 58. 
 
 Sadelle, sh. 293. 
 
 Safe, adj. 43. 
 
 Same, adj. 34. 
 
 Sane, v. tr. 91 ; Zd sing. pf. ind. 
 saued, 91. 
 
 Sauinge, sh. 194. 
 
 Sawe, sh. = that which is said, 
 tale, 162, 253. See also Se, v. tr. 
 
 Sayde. See Seye. 
 
 ! Saye. See Se, v. tr. 
 
 Scharpelye, adv. 301. 
 
 Schreden, v. tr. — shred, 307. 
 
 Schyuered. See Shyuer. 
 
 3, V. tr. — see, 359 ; 3c? sing, 
 pres. ind. seeth, 223 ; 1«? sing. pf. 
 saye, 5 ; sey^e, 216; Zd sing, sey^, 
 22 ; sy^e, 202 ; sawe, 61 340 ; Zd 
 sing, imper. se, 26 ; used with prep. 
 
Or.OSSARIAL INDEX. 
 
 33 
 
 of, 65 ; sing. pres. subj. 74; p. 
 pt. sene, 53. 
 
 Seche, v. tr. = seek ; 2d sing, 
 imper. seche, 53 ; 3f/ sing. pf. ind. 
 sow^te, 60. Used intransitively in 
 both places, in the sense of To be- 
 take oneself, go. 
 
 Seke, V. tr. — seek, 144. 
 
 Selfe, 73. 
 
 Selfen or Selven = self, and 
 selves, 20, 47. 
 
 Seiner = silver, 43 ; selnere, 125. 
 
 Semelye, adj. — seemly, 42. 
 
 Sende, v. tr. Ill; sing. pres, 
 ind. sendethe, 88, 118 ; sendeth, 
 193; Zd sinci. pf. sente, 46, 129, 
 153. 
 
 Seme, v. tr., intransitively — be 
 of use, 202 ; Zd sing. pres. ind. 
 seruethe, p. pt. seriied, 47 ;= 
 deserve, serued, 186 • seru- 
 ethe, 194. 
 
 Sernyse, sh. = pay for service, 178. 
 
 Sethen. See Sytlien 
 
 Sette, V. tr. — set, 7 3. 
 
 Seueneth, adj. = seventh, 42. 
 
 Senenne, numeral adj. — seven, 
 61. 
 
 Sex, numeral adj. — six, 42, 144, 
 347. See also Six. 
 
 Sexte, ar7/. = sixth, 160; sixte, 
 168, 369. 
 
 Seyde. See Seye, tr. 
 
 Seye, v. tr. — say, 74 ; sey, 213 ; 
 Zd sing. ind. pres, seyth, 252 ; 
 scythe, 162, 245 ; Zd pi. seyn, 217 ; 
 Zd sing. pf. sayde, 25 ; seyde, 28, 
 50, 64, 67-8,77, 82, 127, 131, 177, 
 193, 197, 208, 213, 346, 349. 
 
 Sey 3 and Sey 3 e. See Se, v. tr. 
 
 Shafte, sh. 301. 
 
 Shake, v. tr. Zd pi. pf. ind. 
 shoken, 356. 
 
 Shalle, V. Is^ sing. pres. ind. 75, 
 78, 139, 212, 239, 261, 288, 299, 
 330 ; 2d sing, shalt, 54, 80, 238, 
 
 260; Zd sing, pf sholde, 94, 129, 
 202, 224, 282 ; shnlde, 37, 96, 
 103, 191; Zdpl. sholde, 12. 
 
 Shanke, sh., pi. shankes, 326. 
 
 She, pron. 10, 26, &c. 
 
 Shelde, sh. — shield, 281, 298, 
 331. 
 
 Shene, adj. — shining, heautiful, 
 8 ; sheene, 298. 
 
 Shoken. See Shake, v. tr. 
 
 Sholde = should. See Shalle. 
 
 Sholder, sh. 222, 334. 
 
 Shrykede, Zd sing. pf. ind. of 
 shryke (shriek), 81. 
 
 Shnlde = should. See Shalle. 
 
 Sliylde, V. tr. — shield, 298. 
 
 Shyuer, v. tr. = smash, splinter ; 
 Zdpl. pf. ind. shyuereden, 315; 
 p.pt. schyuered, 301. 
 
 Shyuereden. See Shyuer. 
 
 Six, numeral adj. 164, 193. See 
 Sex. 
 
 Sixte, adj. — sixth, 369. See 
 also Sexte. 
 
 Shape, V. intr. =: escape, 127. 
 
 Sklawndered, p. pt. of sklawnder 
 (slander) ; v. tr. — defame, accuse 
 234. 
 
 Skorne, sh. 264. 
 
 Skylfully, ado. 47. 
 
 Slepte, Zd sing. pf. ind. of sleep , 
 V. intr. 192. 
 
 Slongen, Zd pi. pf. ind. of sling ; 
 V. tr. — to throw, 86 ; perhaps in- 
 volving the idea of letting down 
 by ropes ; as we sling horses in a 
 transport-ship, or as we suspend 
 an arm in a sling. 
 
 Slyppe, V. intr. — slip, 52. 
 
 Small, adj. 307, 330. 
 
 Smerte, sh. — smart, 308. 
 
 Smertlye, adv. — smartly, sharply, 
 318. It is miswritten smerlye in 
 the MS. 
 
34 
 
 GLOSSARIAL INDEX. 
 
 Sniyte, v. tr., 3d sing. pf. ind. 
 smote, 146, 318; 3d pi. smoteu, 
 327 ; 2c? sing, imper. smyte, 311. 
 
 So, adv. 31, 70, 74, 103. 
 
 Sokour, sh. — succour, 111. 
 
 Somme, adj. — some. 111. 
 
 Sommene, v. tr. = summon, 187. 
 
 Sonde, sh. that which is sent, 
 gift, 36. 
 
 Sone, sh. — son, 65, 78, 209. 
 347 ; sonue, 184, 211. 
 
 Soone, adv. 128, 208; sone, 105, 
 260-61. 
 
 Sorowefulle, adj. 91. 
 
 Sorwe, sh. — sorrow, 9 ; sorowe, 
 39, 78, 99, 359. 
 
 Sothe, = truth, 18, 67, 131, 
 133, &c. 
 
 Sounde, adj. 43. 
 
 Sowke, V. tr. — suck, 115 ; imp. 
 pt. sowkynge, 61. 
 
 Sow^te. See Seche, v. 
 
 Speche, sh. 286. 
 
 Sjieke, V. intr. 249 ; 3d sing, 
 pres. ind. 252. 
 
 Spere, sh. =: spear, 263, 315. 
 
 Spin, V. intr. = rush quickly ; 3d 
 sing. pres, indie, spynnethe, 331. 
 It is still used colloquially. 
 
 Spring, V. intr., 3d sing. p>f. ind. 
 spronge, 331. 
 
 Spronge. See Spring. 
 
 Spynnethe. See Spin. 
 
 Staffe, sh. 220. 
 
 Stalworth, adj. — stalwart, strong, 
 326. 
 
 Stand, V. intr., 3d pi. pf. ind. 
 stoden, 147. 
 
 Stere, v. intr. — stir, move, 147. 
 
 Sterte, v. intr. = start ; 3d pi. 
 pres, indie, sterten, 356 ; 3d pi. pf. 
 styrte, 326. 
 
 Steuenne, sh. — voice, 106, 149. 
 
 Stoden. See Stand. 
 
 Straw 3 te. See Stretch. 
 
 Stretch, v. intr., 3d p)l- pf- i^id. 
 straw^te, 220. 
 
 Strike, v. tr., 3d sing. pres, ind, 
 stryketli, 333 ; also intransitively 
 = go ; as we sav, ‘ to strike across 
 a field,’ 229. 
 
 Stroke, sh. 333 ; pi. strokes, 298. 
 
 Stryketli. See Strike. 
 
 Styfife, adj. 241. 
 
 Styked, 3d sing. pf. ind. of stick ; 
 V. intr. 241. 
 
 Stylle, adj. 147, 169. 
 
 Styrte. See Sterte. 
 
 Suche, adj. 202, 249, 264. 
 
 Sue, V. tr. = follow ; 3d sing, 
 pres. ind. suwethe, 221 ; sueth, 
 230. 
 
 Sum, adj. — some, 57. 
 
 Swanne, sh. 148, 198, 350, 356, 
 358, 362. 
 
 Swerde, = sword, 138, 146, 
 304, 306-7, 327-8. 
 
 Swete, adj. 44. 
 
 Sworn, J9. of swear; v. tr. 236. 
 
 Swyche, adj. = such, 49, 103, 
 139. 
 
 Swyde for Swythe, adv. = quick- 
 ly, 158. 
 
 Swyfte, adv. 113. 
 
 Swymmen, 3d pi. pf. ind. of 
 swym (swim), 198, 350 ; Hd sing, 
 pres, swymmethe, 362. 
 
 Swvre, sh. = neck (O.E. .siveora), 
 44, 126. 
 
 Syde, sh. 187. 
 
 Syken, v. intr. =io sigh; 3d 
 sing. pres. ind. syketh, 66 ; 3d 
 sing. pf. sykede, 25. 
 
 Syker, adj., used adverhially — 
 surely, 122. 
 
 Synne, sh. — sin, 250. 
 
GLOSSARIAL INDEX. 
 
 35 
 
 Sytlieii (Sitlieii) = since, then, 
 13, 25, 53, 64, 199 ; sethen, 116. 
 
 Sytte, V. mtr. 22, 293. 
 
 Sy 3 e. See Se, v. tr. 
 
 Sy 3 te, sh. = sight, 122, 188. 
 
 Taber, sh. = tabor, 226. 
 
 Take, v. tr. = betake, commend, 
 104 ; also in its usual sense, 262 ; 
 2c? sing, imper. 300 ; ?>d sing. pres, 
 ind. taketh, 116 ; taketlie, 63, 150 ; 
 1^^ sing. pf. toke, 167 ; 2(7 sing. 
 tokest, 237 ; 3(7 sing, toke, 159, 
 173, 229; Zd pi. 355; token, 226 ; 
 p. pt. taken, 234. 
 
 Tale, sh. 55. 
 
 Taw 3 te, p. pt. of teche (teach), 
 312, 336. 
 
 Telle, V. tr.., Is7 sing. pres. ind. 
 162; Zd sing, tellethe, 7, 270; 3(7 
 smg. pf. tolde, 123, 347. 
 
 Tere, sh. = tear ; pi. teres, 24. 
 
 Terme, sh. 140. 
 
 j^anke, sh. = 194. 
 
 Thanke, v. tr., Zd sing. pf. ind. 
 thanked, 339 ; kankede, 36. 
 
 ))anne, adv. = then, at that time, 
 73, 210. 
 
 k)at, ar7. = the, 159, 296, 322, 
 366; 7'el. pron. 3, 4; deni. pron. 
 18, 27, &c. ; by j^at, 248, 345 = by 
 that time ; conj. 16, 26, &c. 
 
 The, art. 7, 11, 17, &c. 
 
 The, pers. pron. ohj. = thee, 18, 
 65, 73, 77—79, 134, 139-40, 169, 
 184, 230, 237, 261, 311, 312, 336. 
 
 pers. pron. =they, 220, 274. 
 
 jOeder, adv. = thither, 265. 
 
 Thefe, sh. 141, 199, 351. 
 
 Thei, p)ers. pron. See They. 
 
 Thenke, v. = think, 30, 249 
 
 (Cp, "Wm. 4908); Germ, denken ; 
 2(7 sinq. pf. ind. thow^te, 40, 207, 
 250, 264. 
 
 jjenne, co??y. = than, 125; adv. 
 = when, 143 ; = at that time, 24, 
 
 41, 63, 67, &c. ; ere thenne, 330 = 
 before the time when ; by thenne, 
 143 = by that time; = thence, 248. 
 
 j^erby, adv. = near there, 265. 
 
 j^ere, adv. 13, 31, 87;=wliere, 
 76, 96, 121, 142, 362. 
 
 Therfore, adv. = on that account, 
 136. 
 
 I^erin, adv. 52, 247. 
 
 )perof, adv. 115. 
 
 jperupon, adv. 282. 
 
 )5ese, dem. pron. pit. 93, 179, &c. 
 pers. pron. pi. 12, 19, &c. ; 
 thei, 326. See also The. 
 
 This, dem. pron. 5, 92 ; er ]?is, 
 70 = before now. 
 
 Thoo, adv. = then, at that time, 
 339. 
 
 ])oro\v, prep. = through, 95, 170. 
 
 ])ou, pers. pron. 50 — 54, &c. ; 
 thow, 80, 251. 
 
 j^owglie, conj. = thougli, 100. 
 Thow^te. See Thenke. 
 
 Thrydde, adj. = third, 367. 
 jous, adv. 89, 118. 
 
 \)j, poss. pron. 65, 73. 
 
 Thykke, adj. = thick (closely 
 covered), 294. 
 
 Thylle, coiij. = till, 96. 
 
 Thynge, sh. 30, 202. 
 
 To, prep. 16, 17, &c. 
 
 Togedere, adv. = together, 20, 
 314 ; togedur, 327. 
 
 Toke 
 Token 
 
 Topseyle, adv. = headlong, 320. 
 See Note. 
 
 Towarde, prep. 33, 93, 109, 341. 
 Towre, sh. 280. 
 
 Trewe, adj. = true, 48, 69. 
 
 Trist, V. tr. = trust ; Zd sing. pf. 
 ind. triste, 49 ; truste, 285. 
 
 See Take. 
 
36 
 
 GLOSSARIAL INDEX. 
 
 Trowthe, sb. = truth, 175. 
 
 Trumpe, = trumpet, 226. 
 
 Truss, V. tr. to remove (Cotgrave, 
 trousser, to trusse, tuck, packe, 
 bind, or gird in, pluck, or twitch 
 up) ; sin^. pres. ind. trussethe, 
 32 /. 
 
 Truste, v. ir. 3d sing. pf. ind. 285. 
 
 TryTuUe, v. intr. = trifle, 48. 
 
 Tumbled.de, 3d pi. pf. ind. of 
 tumble ; v. intr. 320. 
 
 Turne, sh. in a good sense (as we 
 say, ‘ to do one a good turn ’), 
 139 ; in a bad sense, trick, wile, 
 257. 
 
 Turne, v. tr., 3d sing. pres. ind. 
 turneth, 262 ; 3d sing. pf. turned, 
 24, 341 ; intr. 3d pres. ind. 104, 
 150 ; 3d pi. turnen, 355, 357 ; 3d 
 sing. pf. turnede, 123 ; 1^^ pi. 
 imper. turne, 93. 
 
 Twelfe, numeral adj. 243. 
 
 Twejne, numeral adj. = two, 
 twain, 29, 84. 
 
 Two, numeral adj. 23, 27, &c. ; 
 in two, 334. 
 
 Twynleng, sh. = a little twin, 27. 
 
 Tydynge, 59 ; pi. tydynges, 58. 
 
 Tylle, conj. 310. 
 
 Tymber, sh. 317. 
 
 T}nne, sh. =time, 37, 55, 243. 
 
 Tyraunte, sh. — ^\dcked, or e\dl 
 man, 84. In Allit. the people of 
 Sodom are called tyrants, B. 943. 
 
 Tyte, quick, 139. It is 
 
 used here adverbially. 
 
 Tytlye, adv. = quickly, 84. 
 
 Unbounden, p. p)l- of unbind 
 V. tr. 345. 
 
 Unbrente, adj. = unburnt, 185. 
 
 Under, adv. 21. 
 
 Undo = undone, p. pt. of undone, 
 V. ^r. = undo, 105. 
 
 Unsemelye, adj. 30. 
 
 JJnio, prep. 90. 
 
 Unwerkethe, adj. = unworked, 
 175. 
 
 Vp,prep. 64, 81, 97, &c. 
 
 Upon, prep. 19, 213, 222, 236, 
 281; = with, 361. 
 
 Yalwe, sh.~ value, 329. 
 
 IVakynge, imp. p>t- of wake; v. 
 intr. 207. 
 
 Walle, sh. 19, 349. 
 
 Ware, adj. 122. 
 
 Warne, v. tr. 190. 
 
 Was, 3d sing. pf. ind. of be, 5, 
 6, &c. 
 
 Water, sh. 355, 362 = a piece of 
 water, 51, 96. 
 
 We, pers. pron. pi. 3, 92, 302. 
 
 Wedde, v. tr. =bet, pledge, 27 ; 
 p. pt. wedded = married, 69. 
 
 Wede, sh. = dress, clothing, 119; 
 pi. wedes. 
 
 Wele, =weU, 2, 54, 67, 
 140, 309, 352 ; welle, 251. 
 
 Well, V. intr. = to bubble, pour 
 forth copiously (O.E. welan = to 
 boil) ; 3d sing. pf. indie, wellede, 
 166. 
 
 Welle, adv. 251. 
 
 Wende, v. intr. = go, 206 ; 3d 
 sing. pres, indie, wendes, 155, 178 ; 
 wendethe, 161 ; wendeth, 190 {see 
 Note) ; 3c? pi. pres, indie, wenden, 
 302, 364 ; 2c? sing imper. wende, 
 137. 
 
 Wene, v. intr. — ween, thinke 
 (O.E. wenan') ; U? sing pres. ind. 
 wene, 69 ; 3c? sing. pf. indie, wente, 
 67. 
 
 Wenten, 3d pi. pf. ind., serving 
 as past tense of go ; v. intr. 33 ; 
 wente, 19 ; 3 c? sing, {rejlexively 
 used) 75. 
 
 Were, 3d pl.pf ind. of be, 41, 
 58, 142 ; 3d sing. pf. suhj. 30, 67, 
 
GLOSS A RIAL INDEX. 
 
 37 
 
 156; Zd pi. 31; used for wast, 2r7 
 sing. pf. ind. 237 ; Zd pi. pf. ind. 
 weren, 121. 
 
 Weren, v. = defend (O.E. loe- 
 rian ; Germ, wehreti ) ; Zd sing. pres, 
 ind. wereth, 2. 
 
 Werke, sh. = work, 2, 170, 330 
 (Germ, werke'). 
 
 Werke, v. = work, 78, 182 
 (0. Germ, werkeni). 
 
 Weriie, v. tr. — deny, refuse 
 (O.E. wgrnan), 56, 72. 
 
 Wesselle, sh. — vessel ; or else 
 silver plate. Er. vaisselle, 156. 
 
 Wex, V. intr. = to wax, to grow ; 
 ?td sing. pres, indie, wexeth, 158 ; 
 pf. wexedde, 166. 
 
 Wey, sh. = way, 220. 
 
 Wey 3 te, sh. = weight, 155. 
 
 What, rel. pron. 56 ; interrog. 74. 
 
 \Vlielpe, 61 ; welpe, 63. 
 
 Whenne, adv. = when, 1,12, &c. 
 
 Where, adv. 12 ; interrog. 82. 
 
 Whyle, adv. 273 ; whyles, 145 ; 
 whylle, 117 ; sb. 286. 
 
 Whyte, adj. 281. 
 
 With, prep. 2, 28, &c. ; withe, 
 14, 23, &c. ; wyth, 99. 
 
 Witty, adj. = cheerful (1), 35. 
 
 Wo, sh. 343. 
 
 Wolle, V. ; Is^ sing. pres. ind. 
 244; 3(7 sing. 252; 2<7 sing, wolt, 
 72 ; sing. pf. ind. wolde, 30, 41, 
 56, 117, 164, ’276. Wylie. 
 
 Womman, sh. = woman, 22, 26, 
 38 ; pi. wymmen, 29. 
 
 Wondrethe, 3c7 sing. pres. ind. 
 of wonder ; v. intr. 184. 
 
 Wonnen. See Wynne, v. tr. 
 
 Woode, sh. 113; wode, 119, 143, 
 215. 
 
 Worde, sh. 193, 207, 349 ; pd. 
 worthes, 32. 
 
 Worlde, sh. 112, 180, 184. 
 
 "Worse, adj. 244. 
 
 Worthes. See Word. 
 
 Wrake, sh. = punishment, 72 . 
 It is coupled with wrecli = venge- 
 ance, in Gen. 552. 
 
 Wrecche, sh. = wretch, 71. 
 
 Wrecched, adj. = wretched, 77. 
 
 W^ronge, sh. 245 ; adj. used ad- 
 verbiallg — wrongly, 170, 197, 349. 
 
 Wrow 3 te = wrought, ?>d sing. pf. 
 ind. of work, 119. 
 
 Wryten, p. pt. of wryte ; v. tr. 
 282. 
 
 Wvfe, = wife, 69, 162, 169, 
 196. 
 
 Wylde, adj. 214. 
 
 W^yle, sh. = wile, 182. 
 
 Wylie, sh. = will, 1, 79, 181, &c. 
 
 Wylie, V. ; ls7 sing. pres. ind. 
 128, 261 ; 2d sing. 290 ; 2d sing. 
 wylt, 260. See Wolle. 
 
 Wynne, v. tr. = win ; p). pA. won- 
 nen, 170 ; 3^7 sing. pres. ind. wyn- 
 nethe = getteth, taketh, 337 ; thus 
 miners speak of winning or getting 
 out ores, or coals. 
 
 Wyse, sh. = wise, manner, 156. 
 
 Wyste. See Wytte. 
 
 Wyte, V. tr. = blame, 136. 
 
 Wytte, V. tr. = know ; 2d sing, 
 imper. 195 ; 2d sing. pf. ind. wysste, 
 35; Zd pi. pf. wyste, 274; 2d 
 smg . pf. subj . 186. 
 
 Yen, sh. = eyen, eyne or eyes, 
 135, 323, 332. 
 
 Yf, conj. = if, 54. 
 
 Yle, sh. = isle, 5. 
 
 Yren, sh. = iron, 290. 
 
 3afe, Zd pi. pf. ind. of give, 271. 
 
 3ate, sh. = gate, 22. 
 
 3e = yea, 212, 302. 
 
 3elde, V. tr. = yield, 335, 336. 
 See Note. 
 
38 GLOSSARIAL INDEX. 
 
 3ere, sb. = year, 89, 243, [ 
 
 3onder, adj. (preceded by an 
 article) = yonder, 26 ; gondur, 232; 
 ^ondere, 233 ; adv. 198, 350. 
 
 3onge, adj. = young, 81, 242, 
 251, 345. 
 
 3osken, v. intr. = to hiccough, to 
 sob ; '6d pi. pf. hid. ^oskened, 108. 
 yovi, pers. pron. ohj. = you, 100. 
 3}^", conj. = if, 235. 
 
 3yfte, sh. = gift, 271. 
 
 3ys = yes, 309 
 
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8 
 
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 English Lapidaries, ed. Dr. Joan Evans and Dr. Mary Serjeantson. [At Prtts. 
 
 The Seven Sages, ed. Dr. K. Brunner. [At Press. 
 
 Sir Firumbras, ed. Miss M. I. O’Sullivan. [At Press. 
 
 Bokenham’s Lives of Holy Women (Lives of the Saints), ed. Dr. Mary Serjeantson. [At Press. 
 
 Short English Metrical Chronicle, ed. Dr. E. Zettl. [At Press. 
 
 Byrhtferth’s Manual, Pt II, ed. Dr. S. J. Crawford. 
 
 Lydgate’s Minor Poems, ed. Dr. H. N. MacCracken. Part II, Secular Poems. [At Press. 
 
 English Poems of Charles of Orleans, ed. R. Steele. [At Press. 
 
 Mum and the Sothsegger, ed. R. Steele and Dr. Mabel Day. [At Press. 
 
 Valentyne and Orson, ed. Dr. Arthur Dickson. 
 
 The Minor Poems of Hawes, ed. G. S. Humphreys. 
 
 The Earliest English Apocalypse with a Commentary, ed. Dr. Anna C. Panes. [At Press. 
 
 Piers Plowman, the A Text, ed. Prof. R. W. Chambers and J. H. G. Grattan. [At Press. 
 
 Lydgate’s Troy Book, ed. Dr. Hy. Bergen. Part IV, Introduction, Notes, &c. [At Press. 
 
 Harleian MS. 2253 (English Poems), ed. Miss Hilda Murray. 
 
 Thomas Castleford’s Chronicle, ed. Dr. Blach. 
 
 The Life of St. Norbert, ed. W. H. Clawson. 
 
 The Mirror of Simple Souls, ed. Dr. B. Radtke. 
 
 Jacob’s Well, Pt. II, ed. Dr. G. R. Owst. 
 
 Lives of More by William Roper and Eo. Ba., ed. Dr. Elsie V. Hitchcock and Prof. R. W. Chambers. 
 Barlaam and Josaphat, ed. Dr. M. Science. 
 
 Speculum Sacerdotale, ed. Dr. E. H. Weatherly. 
 
 Vegetius on the Art of War, ed. Miss K. Garvin. 
 
 Homilies of .Slfrie, ed. Dr. J. Pope. 
 
 Non-JElfrician Homilies, ed. Dr. R. Willard. 
 
 Other texts are under consideration. 
 January 1933. 
 
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 ; HUMPHREY MILFORD, OXFORD UNIV. PRESS, Amen House, E. 
 
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