A°nn 
 
 03 
 
AROUND 
 
 THE 
 
 EMERALD 
 
 ISLE 
 
 A RECORD 
 
 OF 
 
 IMPRESSIONS 
 
 By 
 
 
 William Charles O'Donnell, Jr., Ph.D. 
 
 A 
 
 
 BOSTON: THE ROXBURGH 
 
 PUBLISHING COMPANY (INC.) 
 
 BOSTON COLLEGE LIBRARS" 
 CHESTNUT HILL, MASS. 
 
9 ,<jgx 
 
 Copyrighted 1910 
 Sy William Charles O'Donnell, Jr., Ph.D. 
 
 All rights reserved 
 
DEDICATION. 
 
 To the Best Beloved and to the Fortunate 
 Little Man who has inherited many of her 
 virtues. 
 
A HINT. 
 
 Impressions do not always coincide with ex- 
 pert opinions and studied conclusions. They 
 may be considered as treasures of the heart 
 rather than as triumphs of the mind. The lit- 
 tle journey of which this book is a partial 
 record was undertaken as a vacation experi- 
 ence, and in the hope that some pleasurable 
 and more or less profitable impressions might 
 be received. The result is herein described 
 Twenty-three of the thirty-two counties of Ire- 
 land were visited, characteristic features of 
 different sections observed, and important his- 
 torical episodes recalled. The story of Ireland 
 is so pathetic, the position of Ireland so 
 unique, and the Emerald Isle is so much in the 
 thought of the world today that even the un- 
 scientific comments of an American traveller 
 with a liberal percentage of Irish blood in his 
 veins may be of interest to the reader — should 
 there be one. 
 
 The Author. 
 
 March 25, 1910. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 Page. 
 
 I. Why? 9 s 
 
 II. Evening at Queenstown 16 
 
 III. Youghal, and the Blackwater 21 
 
 IV. The City of the Shandon Bells. . . .30 
 
 V. Blarney's Secret 38 
 
 VI. A Bit of Bog 41 
 
 VII. Glorious Glengariff 44 
 
 VIII. The Song at Twlight 50 
 
 IX. Limerick 61 
 
 X. A Royal River 67 
 
 XI. Clara and Athlone 81 
 
 XII. On to Sligo 87 
 
 XIII. Up in Ulster 92 
 
 XIV. A Look at Londonderry 95 
 
 XV. Portrush and the Giant's Cause- 
 way 99 
 
 XVI. Antrim, the Stronghold of Prot- 
 estantism 107 
 
 XVII. The Ford at the Sand-Bank 112 
 
 XVIII. The Holy Hills of Armagh 118 
 
 XIX. Where Winds the Boyne 127 
 
 XX. Doing Dublin 140 
 
 XXI. Completing the Circle 163 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE 
 A Record of Impressions 
 
 I. WHYf 
 
 "For we will make for Ireland presently." 
 Richard II., Act I, Scene IV. 
 
 Why make for Ireland? 
 
 King Richard made for Ireland to Ireland's 
 sorrow. After the fashion of kings, he went 
 for plunder, "to farm his royal realm." 
 Purpled robbers might thus replenish their 
 coffers, but they could not rob the hills of 
 their strength, the lakes of their laughter, the 
 rivers of their peace, the bays of their tides, 
 nor the glens of their fairy shades. 
 
 More than five hundred years have passed 
 since Richard the Second landed at Waterford, 
 and Erin is still flashing her crystal glory in 
 the Atlantic wave. The heavens bend lovingly 
 over the ' ' Noble Isle, ' ' the laurel and the holly 
 lift their shimmering enamel to the golden 
 light. The fushia nods from the hedge-row, 
 
10 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 the rhododendron and the arbutus hold tryst 
 in quiet retreats, the ivy mantles ancient 
 walls and entwines the aged oaks, and the 
 purple heather crowns historic hills. Such is 
 Ireland, an Emerald Isle in very fact, where 
 nature's thousand tongues conspire in holy 
 psalmody. Erin is like a weeping maiden 
 whose tears have not despoiled her beauty, 
 radiant even in distress. 
 
 The ''make for Ireland" habit did not begin 
 with Plantaganet kings. By no means. Far, 
 far back, before David was king in Israel or 
 Samuel had founded the School of the Proph- 
 ets, or possibly before Moses from Nebo 
 ''viewed the landscape o'er," the Sons of 
 Milid sought here a home. To them it was 
 the Isle of Destiny, Innisfail, the land of 
 promise. The poet Moore portrays the ap- 
 proach in musical lines: — 
 
 "And lo where afar o'er ocean shines 
 A sparkle of radiant green, 
 As though in that deep lay emerald mines 
 
 Whose light through the wave was seen; 
 ' 'Tis Innisfail— 'tis Innisfail!' 
 Rings o'er the echoing sea; 
 While bending to heav'n the warriors hail 
 The home of the brave and free." 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 11 
 
 Landing in Kenmare Bay they conquered 
 the tribes opposing them, built forts and towns, 
 inaugurated a military and judicial system, 
 advanced somewhat in arts and literature, 
 established a civilization unapproached in 
 Western Europe and became the progenitors 
 of a wonderful race. What soldiers, what 
 scholars, what orators, what poets, what musi- 
 cians, what tradesmen, what missionaries those 
 Irishmen have been! 
 
 Other invasions antedate that of the Mile- 
 sians. Eire was a princess of one of these more 
 ancient tribes, and by some inscrutable law of 
 persistence, her name continues to be the name 
 of the country. (E)ireland it will be through 
 the centuries to come. 
 
 "Spring and Autumn in Ireland" is the 
 title of a charming little volume written by 
 Alfred Austin, wherein he tells us that he vis- 
 ited the country "in search of natural beauty 
 and human kindness. Nowhere have I found 
 more of either. ' ' In yielding to the lure of the 
 land of Ossian, the Laureate found refreshment 
 for his spirit in a paradise of enchantment, 
 and chronicled his impressions with a free yet 
 sympathetic pen. So it has always been, for 
 to the poet's eye Ireland is itself a poem. 
 
12 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 Ireland, too, has poured its life into the life of 
 the world as no other country has ever done. 
 
 John Wesley was vehemently criticized in 
 London for spending so much time in Ireland. 
 "Have patience," said he, "have patience, Ire- 
 land will repay you." He crossed the channel 
 annually for forty years, delivered the new 
 evangel, conducted his conferences, saw 
 Methodism firmly rooted and never doubted 
 the full fruition of his hopes. Wesley evi- 
 dently understood Ireland better than any 
 Englishman of the century. The last his 
 Dublin friends saw of him was when a few 
 months before his death he stood upon the 
 ship 's deck and lifted holy hands above them in 
 benediction and farewell. It was a most solemn 
 and pathetic scene. The aged leader with 
 snow-white hair and bowed form was looking 
 upon the tear-streaked faces of those who 
 were to him what the converts at Thessa- 
 lonica were to Paul, his "glory and his joy." 
 He was to see them no more upon the earth. 
 His work in Ireland was done. He was leav- 
 ing them in tears, yet in triumph. Ireland 
 had already repaid Methodism, and had given 
 Adam Clark to the world, and Phillip Embury 
 and Robert Strawbridge to America, here to 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 13 
 
 lay firm and true the foundations upon which 
 American Methodists have been building from 
 that day to this. The pioneer became the 
 preacher. To such men our country owes a debt 
 of lasting gratitude. Their influence is every- 
 where evident. To the operation of such 
 subtle forces can be attributed the ever grow- 
 ing vigor of the Republic, so that today we 
 can applaud with consistent patriotism the 
 sentiment expressed by the lamented Fred- 
 erick Lawrence Knowles: — 
 
 "Why linger o'er decrepit shrine 
 In Hellas or in Palestine? 
 America as Greece is grand, 
 America is Holy Land." 
 
 To make for Ireland, then, is to follow in 
 the train of a noble army of potentates, 
 propagandists and poets. A humble mortal 
 may be allowed to fondle whatever sense of 
 •satisfaction may arise from that considera- 
 tion; he is not compelled to depend upon it, 
 however, for his enjoyment and edification. 
 
 Ireland's greatest length from point to 
 point is but a little more than three hundred 
 miles, its breadth about one hundred and 
 eighty miles. Within its area of less than 
 thirty-three thousand square miles are curiosi- 
 
14 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 ties and charms more manifold than any equal 
 area in the world can furnish. There, on 
 ''John Bull's Other Island" are to be found 
 attractions incomparable, and problems in- 
 numerable — topographical and scenic, archaeo- 
 logical, sociological, industrial, political, reli- 
 gious. In that little country, smaller than the 
 State of Maine, are to be found the largest 
 lake, the greatest river, and, with one excep- 
 tion, the loftiest mountain in the Kingdom. 
 Irish products are famed the world over — the 
 marble of Connemarra, the china of Belleek, 
 the crochet of Cork, the lace and bacon of 
 Limerick, the linen of Belfast, the poplins and 
 tweeds of Dublin and other centers. There 
 are the ship yards, the tobacco factories, and 
 the breweries among the largest in all the 
 world. There are great cathedrals, great 
 universities, great libraries, and great mu- 
 seums. There are great mansions in de- 
 lightful demesnes. There are picturesque ruins 
 of castles, monasteries, abbeys, towers and walls, 
 In old cairns, cromlechs, mounds and monu- 
 ments are to be recognized traces of a pre- 
 historic age, ever exciting new wonder as 
 they are the more thoroughly explored. The 
 whole Island is fringed with a panoramic 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 15 
 
 succession of rugged headlands and rounded 
 hills, bewitching bays, estuaries and glens, 
 while fertile fields offer up their incense of 
 rich increase to the Most High. 
 
 More interesting than Ireland is the Irish- 
 man himself. He is not to be imagined a de- 
 spairing pauper, nor, on the other hand, a 
 flippant purveyor of haphazard humor. He 
 may be poor, and sometimes witty, but at 
 heart the real Irishman is a philosopher and 
 a patriot. Humor is the soul of his philosophy, 
 hope the life of his patriotism. In some sec- 
 tions, filth, wretchedness, disease and poverty 
 are still alarmingly in evidence, but the pig- 
 in-the-parlor, the shillalah, and the inverted 
 pipe are not conspicuous features in modern 
 life. Old types remain, but a new order pre- 
 vails. There is much to learn and to unlearn, 
 much to see and to enjoy, to admire and to 
 deplore in a tour around the Emerald Isle. 
 
II. EVENING AT QUEENSTOWN. 
 
 The joy of getting aboard is infinitesimal 
 compared to the joy of getting ashore. 
 
 The delightful day had come. As if by 
 some trick of enchantment the spectral out- 
 lines of land emerged from the mist on the 
 distant horizon. The approach to Daunt 's 
 Rock was like the gliding of a phantom ship 
 through an opalescent sea, a poem in color and 
 motion. Around and above us circled the sea 
 gulls with their snowy breasts, and gray wings 
 tipped with velvety black, so numerous that 
 their shadows chased each other across the 
 ship's deck. The water, a shimmering green, 
 rolled in billowy foam from the cutting prow, 
 and, shading off in the distance to a trans- 
 parent purple, seemed to merge into the filmy 
 haze that hung on Old Erin's rugged shore. 
 Tennysonian Sea Fairies waved their harps 
 and sung: — 
 
 ''And the rainbow lives in the curve of the 
 sand; 
 Hither, come hither, and see; 
 And the rainbow hangs on the poising wave 
 And sweet is the color of cove and cave, 
 And sweet shall your welcome be:" 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 17 
 
 Cork Harbor was entered in style on the 
 Company's tender. The channel is grimly 
 guarded by forts Carlisle and Camden. The 
 fairies had promised me a sweet welcome, and 
 I did not fancy those frowning old sentinels 
 with the furies of a thousand thunders lurk- 
 ing beneath their shaggy brows. I was for 
 peace. Bold battlements seemed incongruous 
 amid the prevailing serenity of that beautiful 
 summer evening. Possibly their sullenness 
 was but fortressed dignity, for they are the 
 protectors of what many believe to be the 
 "most beautiful harbor in the world." That 
 primacy may be contested by a few score 
 other harbors likewise renowned, but no in- 
 vidious comparisons need be drawn here. No 
 two stars are alike in size and color, yet who 
 can determine which star is the most glorious, 
 through the illimitable spaces of God? When 
 loveliness entrances the vision, for the time 
 being that loveliness is supreme. There were 
 the hospitable shores, the receding hills, the 
 swinging waters, the gem-like islands, the 
 bounding boats and stately ships, and yonder 
 on Great Island, built into the hillside, its 
 streets rising in tiers and in the center its rich 
 Gothic Cathedral, one hundred and fifty feet 
 
18 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 above the shore line, was the crescent city, 
 Queenstown. 
 
 In my ignorance I had expected to find at 
 Queenstown something of the bang and bustle, 
 the confusion and the grime of a modern sea- 
 port metropolis. Instead I found an almost 
 ideal watering place, equable and sedative in 
 climate, picturesque in location, graceful in 
 pose, restful in spirit, healthful, contented, 
 •clean, somewhat quaint, and quite diminutive, 
 with a population hardly numbering ten 
 thousand. 
 
 On the third day of August 1849, the young 
 and beloved Victoria first set foot on Irish ter- 
 ritory, landing on the Quay amid the crash- 
 ing music of military bands and the joyous 
 booming of guns. Very fittingly the name of 
 the city was thereupon changed from Cove to 
 Queenstown. No big guns thundered to the 
 world the news of my arrival, the importance 
 of the event not being fully recognized in of- 
 ficial circles and not having made the proper 
 impression upon the public mind, — so I took 
 my place all unheralded and insignificant in 
 the motley throng that paraded the prom- 
 enade. It was an interesting spectacle 
 a medley of merchants, peddlers, boatmen, 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 19 
 
 fishermen, soldiers, sailors, sportsmen, loungers 
 and tourists from all parts of the world. 
 
 Later I wended my way up to the Cathedral 
 named in honor of St. Colman. I have seen 
 more magnificent cathedrals, but none, I think, 
 more exquisitely harmonizing with and yet 
 glorifying its environment. Its position com- 
 mands a sweeping view of the city and harbor. 
 The shades of night were gathering rapidly 
 and lights were glimmering from shore and 
 ship even as the heavens were sown with stars. 
 The Admiral from his official residence was 
 flashing signals to his flagship below. Yonder 
 stretched the expanse of the great harbor in 
 which there is plenty of room for the entire 
 navy of Great Britain. Before me lay the tide- 
 kissed islands, and the sinuous river bearing 
 love tokens from the sea to the distant cities. 
 The gauzy clouds seemed to be brooding in 
 holy meditation above the silent waters. Even- 
 ing's subtle charm enthralls the imagination 
 and with tender touch weaves over the 
 troubled heart of man the silver gossamer of 
 peace. Mrs. Embury wrote wisely: — 
 "Go forth at eventide; 
 Commune with thine own bosom, and be still ; 
 Check the wild impulses of wayward will, 
 And learn the nothingness of human pride." 
 
20 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 Even while I stood and gazed, absorbed in 
 the fascinations of the wondrous scene, the 
 red' rim of the moon appeared on the horizon 
 and soon the full orb emerged with the stately 
 steppings of a queen approaching her zenith 
 throne. The soft light transmuted all that it 
 touched and I saw a vision wrought in ivory, 
 silver and gold, a section in miniature, it 
 seemed, of that enduring country where there 
 is no need of sun or moon and where the 
 waters like a crystal sea flow by the throne of 
 God forever and forever. Such is memory's 
 picture of Ireland's Queen City. 
 
IIL YOUGHAL, AND THE BLACKWATEB. 
 
 Consider the jaunting car. In ratio of jolts 
 to distance it is about midway between the 
 trolley and the camel. It is a rattling two 
 wheeler like the caleche of Quebec, with the 
 difference that the car will not allow one to 
 face the music or whatever might lie in the 
 line of motion. Going forward sidewise, and 
 back to back with the other fellow, is hardly 
 in accord with the American plan of progress. 
 The "jarvey, " as the driver is called, is sup- 
 posed to be a laughing, loquacious, learned 
 lad, (alliteration unavoidable) dispensing a 
 perennial mixture of humor and information 
 for the delectation and illumination of be- 
 nighted pilgrims. He is. He does. That is 
 if you happen to fall in with that particular 
 jarvey. Some members of the profession to 
 whom I have paid my shillings hardly meas- 
 ure up to the reputation. 
 
 My acquaintanceship with the jaunting car 
 began at Youghal, an ancient coast town 
 about twenty-six miles from Cork. My com- 
 panion was a young architect from Cork off 
 for a holiday, and together we bargained with 
 
22 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 the driver at the station to take us to the fam- 
 ous old Collegiate Church of St. Mary's. Like 
 the fabled steeds of Eumelas, swift as birds, 
 that Irish critter, though no classical beast, 
 seemed to have wings. Away we flew along 
 the Strand, past the lodging houses and pretty 
 homes that face the chafing sea, past the light- 
 house, snow-white, one of the thirty odd that 
 stud Ireland's ragged coast, on through the 
 main street a mile long, then through a series 
 of narrower streets and up the hill to the an- 
 cient churchyard gate. I alighted somewhat 
 shaken but in herioc mood. A dash across the 
 Madison Square Garden arena on a broncho of 
 the Colonel Cody bucking type could hardly be 
 more exciting, and I felt that I deserved the 
 applause of the audience for having mastered 
 the jouncing machine in its wildest plunges. 
 My fingers ached, the logical effect of the 
 desperate grip I had maintained on the back 
 of the seat. Sore in muscle and stiff in joint 
 it was some minutes before I could walk 
 naturally. Of course all this was absolutely 
 unnecessary and may seem a trifle exagger- 
 ated, but the sensations of a new experience 
 are usually recalled with some animation. 
 St. Mary's at Youghal enfolds the history 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 23 
 
 of many centuries. It preserves the names of 
 the honored of long generations. The makers 
 of history are surpassingly more impressive 
 than places and events. The place and the 
 event proclaim the measure of the man. So 
 Grant is taller than Vicksburg, Wellington 
 broader than Waterloo, Napoleon outmeas- 
 ured Austerlitz, and Michael Angelo is ever 
 grander than St. Peter's. 
 
 They speak at Youghal of Richard Bennett, 
 who built the church on the site of an older 
 one in the 13th century; of Gerald, Earl of 
 Desmond, whose soldiers desecrated it in the 
 16th century; of the Earl of Cork, who re- 
 stored it in the 17th century, not forgetting to 
 honor himself with a wonderful monument 
 adorned with effigies of his wives and his nu- 
 merous progeny. This was the Great Earl, I 
 suppose, whose fourteenth child was Robert 
 Boyle, the renowned scientist, the sturdy de- 
 fender of the Faith, and the founder ol Boyle's 
 Lectures. Oliver Cromwell, as pious a mur- 
 derer as ever let human blood, once stood by 
 an open grave in the chapel and preached to 
 his men the consolations of the Gospel of the 
 Prince of Peace. Yes, the history makers 
 are impressive. 
 
24 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 Just behind the church runs the old city 
 wall and just beyond the wall is Maple Grove, 
 where Sir Walter Raleigh lived and smoked, 
 and entertained distinguished guests, and 
 where he planted Ireland's first potato. Sir 
 Potato's descendants now monopolize 590,000 
 acres of Irish soil. The versatile Sir Walter 
 came to a sad end, but surely his works do fol- 
 low him. If tobacco growing had not been 
 prohibited in Ireland it would undoubtedly 
 have assumed large proportions. The Ameri- 
 can Colonies reaped the benefit of that em- 
 bargo, raised tobacco, grew prosperous and 
 became independent. Ireland remained sub- 
 servient and poor. Yet more than one-half 
 the soldiers under Washington were Irishmen! 
 Hence the occasion for Lord Mountjoy's fam- 
 ous declaration to the British Parliament, 
 "You lost America by the Irish." Here 
 is one of the fine ironies of history, — one 
 of those marvelous might-have-beens that re- 
 verse the verdict of time. Fancy the noble 
 Ealeigh — ruffles, doublet, hose, buckles, pipe 
 and all — under the yews of Maple Grove; 
 Edmund Spenser at work on the "Faerie 
 Queen," near by, further enhances the charm 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 25 
 
 of the tableau. It was even so in the opulent 
 age of Elizabeth. 
 
 Youghal occupies a position of picturesque 
 interest and advantage upon the slope of a 
 hill, around which a beautiful river swings 
 into the sea. The Blackwater is known as 
 "The Rhine of Ireland." To Cappoquin is 
 a ride of about eighteen miles between sylvan 
 shores and embowered hills, where Ireland's 
 green is greenest and where ivy-grown castle 
 walls and ruined abbeys throw their distorted 
 shadows upon the passing stream. The heav- 
 ens were black above us on that July after- 
 noon when we steamed up the river and the 
 rain fell heavily at intervals, somewhat to our 
 discomfort. The wild goose and the slender 
 heron, feeding in the rushes, started up in 
 alarm at the approach of the boat and flew to 
 more sheltered haunts. Here and there among 
 the hills I could see little huts, whitewashed 
 and thatched, where peasants dwell and 
 dream of a nationality, the meaning of which 
 they can little comprehend. I could not but 
 admire the castles and summer homes of the 
 more fortunate, for Ireland the land of squalor 
 is also the land of splendor. While poor ten- 
 ants huddle in their hovels, great lords and 
 
26 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 wealthy merchants luxuriate in their palaces. 
 There are a number of elegant residences 
 along the Blackwater. It is a region of health- 
 ful charm. Rivers are life bringers. God was 
 very good to Ireland when He gashed the hills 
 and made a channel for the coursing flood of 
 that beautiful stream. 
 
 Little Cappoquin nestles among the trees on 
 an emerald slope at the bend of the river from 
 a westerly to a southerly course. Like Zion, 
 it is beautiful for situation, and if not the joy 
 of the whole earth is at least a joy to those who 
 are privileged to behold its quaint charms. 
 The climax of the day was the jaunting car 
 ride through the long single street of the town 
 and out over the hills to the Trappist Monas- 
 tery at Mount Melleray, about five miles dis- 
 tant from Cappoquin. There was some stir- 
 ring of the deeps of sentiment by what I saw 
 and learned at Melleray. There was a subtle 
 something about the place and its traditions 
 that quickened the imagination and penetrated 
 the emotions. I had heard a pretty story 
 en route to the effect that the monks had 
 leased the vast tract of land, nearly six hun- 
 dred acres in extent, for a period of time that 
 was not to terminate until tomorrow. Daniel 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 27 
 
 'Connell was credited with having drawn the 
 deed. It seemed legally dubious but it was a 
 good story. I thought I saw a splendid moral 
 in it. I tucked it away in an attic brain cell 
 for use at some opportune occasion. My in- 
 formant was no less distinguished a gentleman 
 than the jarvey. He had tons, or I should say 
 miles of knowledge to impart. He knew 
 everything and everybody in the County. 1 
 knew nothing and nobody, therefore he was 
 invaluable. I sat at his back and learned of 
 him, literally and laterally. The grades made 
 no more difference to us than they would if 
 we had been in an air ship, "With this delight- 
 ful unconcern as to the ups and downs of life 
 we sped on, my education keeping the pace. 
 
 The Trappists are among the most austere 
 of the Koman Catholic orders. They were es- 
 tablished in France in the 12th Century, af- 
 terwards fell away from the rigors imposed by 
 the founders and were reformed by Ranee in 
 the 17th Century. They now have monasteries 
 in several European countries and in Amer- 
 ica. Mount Melleray, I believe, is one of the 
 largest. Sir Richard Keane bestowed the 
 land in a district then desolate and barren. 
 Today it is ambrosial. The hills "stand 
 
28 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 dressed in living green, ' ' the fields and gardens 
 render rich reward for the labor bestowed 
 upon them. The secret of the transforma- 
 tion is the open secret of toil. The Brothers 
 are workers. They arise at 2 a. m. and go to 
 bed at 8 p. m. They eat two meals a day. 
 They are vegetarians, and water is their only 
 drink. They pray a great deal, they talk only 
 when necessary. They read only religious 
 books — no newspapers, no magazines, no 
 novels. Curious. They sleep in little cubicles, 
 on hard mattresses, and the "dying bed" con- 
 sists of a few wisps of straw. This is unworld- 
 liness — self abnegation to the verge of self 
 slaughter. Yet how much better the state of 
 the monk lost to the world, than that of the 
 worldling lost to God ! 
 
 We were met at the door of the quadrangu- 
 lar building by a Brother in brown. The 
 Fathers wear white. He escorted us most af- 
 fably, showing the chapel, refectories, dormi- 
 tories, library, etc., with evident pleasure. He 
 had been in the monastery twenty-three years. 
 He told us of a Brother who had a record of 
 more than sixty years. Think of three score 
 years without a newspaper! I made bold af- 
 ter a while to ask our guide about that tomor- 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 29 
 
 row story. He smiled a real worldly smile. 
 That is, a smile of contempt imperfectly con- 
 cealed, a smile of indulgent forbearance cal- 
 culated to make the recipient feel very small 
 indeed. No, there was no truth in the report 
 whatsoever; it was the climax of credulity to 
 put faith in such a yarn; only the most ig- 
 norant would believe it; to repeat it was only 
 to advertise one's folly. His smile said all 
 that and more. It was true that O'Connell 
 had spent some days in retirement at the mon- 
 astery and had examined some of the legal 
 papers. That was all. 
 
IV. THE CITY OF THE SHANDON BELLS. 
 
 Life's antitheses illustrate life's meaning. 
 We turn from isolated Melleray to crowded 
 Cork — from monastery to metropolis. What 
 is a city? A network of avenues, a surging of 
 masses, a babel of voices, a tumult of traffic, a 
 tyranny of trade, a commingling of classes and 
 nations. Busy shops and spacious stores, fac- 
 tories, warehouses, palatial residences and 
 lowly homes, municipal buildings, colleges, 
 hospitals, libraries, museums, monuments, 
 parks, promenades, bridges, depots, quays, 
 churches, cathedrals, domes, towers, steeples, 
 boulevards, slums, rattling wheels, groaning 
 engines, smoking chimneys, odors rare and 
 odors common — such is a city, a medley of 
 miracles and a miracle of medleys. And such 
 is Cork, its history brimming with tragedy and 
 romance, its location fortunate, its surround- 
 ings picturesque, its manufactories famous, its 
 trade flourishing. Corcaig, meaning marsh, 
 was the name originally, but, lo, a marsh trans- 
 formed into a municipality. 
 
 Good St. Fin Barre established a monastery 
 in the seventh century around which a town 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 31 
 
 slowly developed, a propitious beginning for 
 the illustrious city. The process of these thir- 
 teen centuries, however, brought calamities in 
 multitudes. Danes, Normans, Algerian pirates, 
 Ironsides, and Irish rebels in their turn be- 
 sieged and possessed the place. If the shed- 
 ding of blood and brilliant contending can 
 consecrate the scene of its enactment, Cork is 
 holy ground. The story of the bloody past 
 seemed hardly credible as I paused upon St. 
 Patrick's Bridge and looked upon the busy 
 waters of the river Lee, and then along St. 
 Patrick's Street with its moving throngs and 
 elegant stores. Thetfe, too, stands Foley's 
 eloquent statue of Father Mathew erected in 
 1864 to honor the memory of the courageous 
 " Apostle of Temperance." To be informed 
 that Ireland has more drinking places in pro- 
 portion to wealth and population than any 
 other country in the world— and I can readily 
 believe it, for, while not on the hunt, I saw a 
 few thousand of them myself— to be so in- 
 formed, I say, is to devoutly wish for some 
 gladiatorial apostle to strike the drink demon 
 to his death. No one can doubt that Ireland's 
 "cup of woe" is due in large measure to the 
 Irishman's glass of whiskey. 
 
32 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 Far pleasanter were the thoughts that arose 
 as, looking back upon the other side of the 
 river I saw silhouetted against the crimsoned 
 sky the curious old spire of Shandon Church 
 where still chime the bells popularized by 
 Francis Sylvester O'Mahoney, better known as 
 "Father Prout." The poet was born at Cork 
 in 1804. The bells are not remarkably musical, 
 but they captivated the sensitive soul of the 
 child, and for him there could be no sweeter 
 sound on earth. His genius was destined to 
 set them ringing in the imagination of thou- 
 sands who never saw Shandon Hill. 
 
 "With deep affection 
 And recollection 
 I often think on 
 
 Those Shandon bells, 
 Whose sounds so wild would 
 In the days of childhood, 
 Fling round my cradle 
 
 Their magic spells. 
 On this I ponder 
 Where'er I wander 
 And thus grow fonder 
 
 Sweet Cork of thee; 
 With thy bells of Shandon, 
 That sound so grand on 
 The pleasant waters 
 
 Of the river Lee. ,? 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 33 
 
 Where St. Fin Barre established his monas- 
 ter} 7 now stands a noble cathedral, one of the 
 handsomest buildings in Ireland. Its pointed 
 arches, its lofty towers and spires, its well 
 wrought statues and rich windows harmonize 
 in a structure both substantial and ornate. 
 Looking in admiration at the west front, with 
 its beautiful portals and the figures of the 
 Bridegroom, the Ten Virgins, the Evangelists 
 and Apostles; the gargoyles representing the 
 conflict between Avarice and Liberality, Pride 
 and Humility, Iodlatry and Faith, Sensuality 
 and Chastity ; then up at the central spire 240 
 feet high and ornamented with carvings of the 
 four beasts of Daniel, I felt that I was behold- 
 ing more than a "sermon in stone." It is a 
 volume of sermons. Its oratory is that of a 
 thousand sanctified tongues. It speaks with 
 the gathered eloquence of thirteen centuries. 
 
 The curious feature of the interior is the 
 organ. The pipes are sunken through the 
 floor so that the observer may look down upon 
 them instead of up at them. This was done to 
 avoid obstructing light, and hiding one of the 
 exquisite windows. From its lowly place the 
 instrument sends its melody high up into the 
 lofty arches, and out through choristry and 
 
•34 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 nave filling the remotest recesses with its 
 ecstatic sound. Having heard such music it is 
 easy to believe in goodness, and peace, and 
 love, and angels, and in a heaven whose har- 
 monies are eternally unbroken. 
 
 I went from the Cathedral to Queen's Col- 
 lege, also in the western part of the city and 
 most becomingly situated on an eminence over- 
 looking the river. Again I was amply re- 
 garded. It is an ideal spot for the scholastic 
 ^training of ambitious young Celts. "Where 
 Fin Barre taught let Munster learn," is the 
 inscription upon the entrance to the grounds. 
 Munster is the largest of the four provinces of 
 Ireland, the others being Ulster, Connaught 
 •and Leinster. The inscription invokes the 
 : spell of centuries . In fancy one sees 
 'the cowled forms of the scholars of a 
 former millenium gathering at wisdom's 
 'shrine to be taught by the great founder him- 
 self, for the University of the ancient abbey 
 stood on this very same hill. Today the spacious 
 grounds are elaborately laid out. There are 
 smooth roadways, winding paths, extensive 
 lawns, rare varieties of trees and shrubbery, 
 botanical gardens, greenhouses, a biological 
 laboratory, an astronomical observatory, and 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 35 
 
 Berkeley Hall, a magnificent residence. The 
 college buildings are built of light limestone 
 on three sides of a square and contain muse- 
 ums, libraries, class rooms, examination halls, 
 executive offices — everything in fact demanded 
 by modern ideas and methods. Queen's Col- 
 lege is affiliated with colleges at Galway and 
 Belfast in what is known by Act of Parliament, 
 as the Eoyal Irish University. There are de- 
 partments in Arts, Law, Medicine, and En- 
 gineering. The subject of fees is always in- 
 teresting and I discovered that students paid 
 two kinds of fees, called College Fees and 
 Class Fees — to be paid of course before ad- 
 mission to classes. These little regulations are 
 important in the educational world. The Col- 
 lege Fee is ten shillings. That is cheap. The 
 Class Fee is one, two, or three pounds for a 
 course of lectures according to subject. I do 
 not know how cheap that is. So much de- 
 pends on both the lecturer and the lectured. 
 It was pleasant to linger amid classic shades 
 and to think of the days when Irishmen were 
 the great scholars of the world. Nor has the 
 glory all departed. The present incumbent of 
 the honorable office of President of Queen's 
 College, Cork, is an excellent man of letters. 
 
36 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 His name appears in the Book of Regulations 
 as Bertram C. A. Windle, M. A., D. Sc, M. D., 
 F. B. S., F. S. A. 
 
 The Court House is a building of which the 
 city and county of Cork may well be proud. 
 At the time of the Assizes, the Judge is a 
 mighty man of valor and honor. He is radi- 
 ant in wig and scarlet coat. He rides to the 
 Court House in elegant equipage, with mili- 
 tary escort. *'It's the other way in our coun- 
 try," said a Pennsylvania judge as the pageant 
 flashed by, "with us a judge is allowed to come 
 and go like an honest man." Was he envious? 
 
 Cork is a city of a few great avenues broad 
 and clean, and of many lanes crooked and un- 
 clean. During an evening stroll through some 
 of these narrower streets I caught frequent 
 glimpses of the squalor concerning which so 
 much has been written and said. The Irish- 
 man's proverbial indifference to dirt is un- 
 questionably a factor in the problem of the 
 South. In a particularly unwholesome alley I 
 noticed a group of barefooted children pad- 
 dling in the filthy drainage. My attention 
 was again attracted by a number of pitifully 
 ragged boys who had scraped a quantity of 
 mud from the gutter and were piling it in a 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 37 
 
 pyramidal heap. I watched the proceeding 
 for a few minutes wondering what the climax 
 of the sport was to be. The mud pyramid 
 rose higher and higher until its size seemed to 
 satisfy the ambition of the builders. Then 
 they withdrew about equal distances, in differ- 
 ent directions, with much shouting and chal- 
 lenging and gesticulating. The denouement 
 was about to be revealed. It awaited only the 
 signal. Excitement ran high. The audience 
 was athrill with expectancy. Suddenly there 
 was a terrific charge upon the mud heap. The 
 first lad to get within reach gave it such a 
 vigorous kick that his competitors were be- 
 spattered from head to foot. The kicking con- 
 tinued from all directions until the pyramid 
 had been transferred in sections to the anat- 
 omies of the kickers. Obviously they resembled 
 a company of American politicians after a live- 
 ly campaign. It was glorious fun. The lads 
 proceeded immediately to gather more mud 
 and I went on my way indulging an impression. 
 
 BOSTON COLLEGE LIBKAKY 
 CHESTNUT HILL, MASS. 
 
v. blabney's secbet. 
 "Did you kiss the Blarney Stone V 
 
 Some centuries ago, at about the time when 
 Christopher Columbus was a little round leg- 
 ged lad at play in a narrow street in Genoa, 
 there lived in the south of Ireland a great and 
 famous man by the name of Cormac Mc- 
 Carthy, full chested, brave hearted, glib ton- 
 gued. He it was who built a castle at Blarney, 
 a little town about five miles from Cork. The 
 castle was one hundred and twenty feet high, 
 with massive walls and a square tower. It was 
 a mighty fortress, practically impregnable. 
 In spite of the disfigurements of time and bat- 
 tle it has now an isolated nobility like that 
 of the scarred hero among recruits. Mounting 
 the stone steps to the top of the tower, there is 
 no difficulty in locating the talismanic stone. 
 The "really true" Blarney Stone is a sill upon 
 the south side of the battlement, about twenty 
 feet from the top, It is reenforced by bands of 
 iron with a railing extending to it upon the 
 outside of the wall. The individual who 
 would attempt to reach it head downward, af- 
 ter the traditional style, would be so hope- 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 39' 
 
 lessly a stranger to wisdom, that the kissing 
 of a thousand Blarney Stones would be of no 
 avail. By bending the head backward through 
 an opening from the inside of the projecting 
 wall, and with the aid of a supporting rod, the 
 osculatory act might be safely performed, and 
 the "sweet and persuasive eloquence" ob- 
 tained. No, I did not do it. I touched the 
 magic spot with the ferrule end of my faith- 
 ful umbrella, however, and the subtle in- 
 fluence connected itself with my tongue by 
 way of umbrella stick. 0, there can be no 
 doubt about it whatever. As I felt the cur- 
 rent rising through my arm I determined to 
 achieve fame by announcing to the world this 
 new and easy method of obtaining wit and 
 eloquence. At last, the coveted gift was 
 mine ! But woe is me ! I had neglected at 
 the supreme moment to close my lips and the 
 precious token under the impetus of its own 
 acceleration escaped to the free and fickle 
 winds. This is the truest Blarney story ever 
 told. It is very evident therefore that to ob- 
 tain the greatest benefit from the Blarney 
 Stone one must keep his mouth shut. The 
 secret is out. 
 
 "Beauteous Blarney" is no myth. Come 
 
40 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 stand with me for a moment upon the ancient 
 battlement. Bear your head to the ozonifer- 
 ous breeze. Lift your cheek to the warming 
 rays that sift through the thinning clouds. 
 Look down upon those sturdy trees that sea- 
 son after season lift their banners to the land- 
 scape and fling out their message of the life 
 that ne'er shall end. Down there in the fairy 
 dell where the brook is singing its lullabys to 
 the birds is the home of the blue bell, the but- 
 tercup, and the daisy. There, too, the tiny 
 shamrock whispers contentment to the cud- 
 dling sod. Afar, to the North, to the South, 
 to the East, to the West — everywhere rolls the 
 panorama of glad hills, fertile fields and sil- 
 vered streams. Drink in the glory of the day 
 and scene, and thank kind Heaven that you 
 are not a mediaeval baron besieged in a castle 
 whose walls are eighteen feet thick and whose 
 turrets drip with the blood of desperate de- 
 fenders. 
 
VI. A BIT OF BOG. 
 
 From Cork to Bantry is an easy journey by 
 rail. In making it I got my first glimpse of 
 bog lands, with their oozy soil, their long black 
 trenches and rows of turf ready for the peas- 
 ants' hearth. There are more than two million 
 acres of bogs in Ireland, about one-seventh of 
 the total acreage of the country. One cannot 
 travel far, therefore, without becoming famil- 
 iar with their general features. A bog is 
 earth's symbol of desolate solitude. It is one 
 of the most sombre of the "myriad forms" 
 with which nature holds communion with the 
 soul. It bears an aspect of repellent cheer- 
 lessness. The pall of decay hangs over it- 
 it is but the sepulchre of the ancient forest. 
 Yet out of this charnel house comes the fuel 
 for the cheery fires that conquer the chill of 
 the peasant's cabin. From darkness comes 
 light, and from death springs life more abun- 
 dant. 
 
 The economic possibilities of these immense 
 bogs are of course very great. They are in 
 some places fifty feet deep. The average 
 depth of the trenches is fifteen feet. Here are 
 
42 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 vast coal beds in actual process of formation, 
 there being less difference between coal and 
 the blacker peat at the bottom of the trenches 
 than there is between that and the lighter turf 
 at the top. So I was informed by an intelli- 
 gent Irishman familiar with peat beds and 
 coal deposits. I quote him in preference to 
 the books; not that there was anything new 
 in the intelligence, but that it was first handed. 
 One cannot tell how many handed may be the 
 information one gets from a book. 
 
 The turf is cut with a sharp spade-like imple- 
 ment into pieces about brick size and exposed 
 to dry. It is then gathered into some con- 
 venient shed or stacked up in the open to be 
 used at convenience. 
 
 On a certain propitious afternoon up in 
 Mayo County my brazen little camera gath- 
 ered upon its film the impress of a fair colleen 
 and her shaggy donkey engaged in the labor 
 of transportation. It was a menial task to 
 be sure, but there was something of idealism 
 and idyllic simplicity in the scene. I thought 
 of Kuth following the gleaners at Bethlehem. 
 Ah, she was attractive enough, this Irish peas- 
 ant girl, — attractive enough for the brush of 
 a Raphael. In fact the loosely flowing shawl 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 43 
 
 falling back from the abundant chestnut hair, 
 the well rounded face with even features and 
 wistful wondering eyes, give just a hint of the 
 Sistine Madonna. As for the beast, his ex- 
 pression was that of one at peace with all the 
 world and with all the worlds. Upon his 
 back were two huge baskets almost as large 
 as himself, in which the fuel was carried from 
 the bog. Often the more prosaic cart is used 
 instead of the baskets, and just as often a less 
 romantic person than the fair colleen does 
 the driving. That was the Ireland that I 
 "went out for to see"— the "Ould Ireland" 
 of bogs and donkeys and folks. 
 
 Among my souvenirs I have a picture post- 
 card made of peat. This is civilization's 
 highest compliment to the bog. I was in- 
 formed, however, that these cards were not 
 popular enough to warrant their continued 
 manufacture. Those now in existence may be 
 regarded as curiosities. 
 
VII. GLOBIOUS GLENGARIFF. 
 
 The Irish coast is a ring of bays and prom- 
 ontories. Bantry Bay is a majestic isle-dot- 
 ted sweep of water with its marginal hills torn 
 into a succession of gullies. At the head of 
 the Bay is Glengariff, "Bough Glen/' de- 
 clared by Lord Macaulay to be the fairest spot 
 in the British Isles. High praise from high 
 authority. Glengariff and its environs seemed 
 to me to be a composite of the Maine Woods, 
 the Catskill Mountains and the Thousand 
 Islands. Such a place on the Atlantic Coast 
 of the United States would soon become a 
 Mecca for the health and pleasure seekers of 
 the whole continent. Salmon and trout fish- 
 ing can be enjoyed in all the little streams that 
 gurgle through the mystic glens, and the Bay 
 abounds in pollock, bass, hake, mackerel, and 
 other beauties worth the catching. The 
 cormorant, the wild duck and the snipe al- 
 lure the man with the gun, not to speak of the 
 otters and seals that are reported to inhabit the 
 island shores and rock caverns. Nimrods and 
 Waaltons can there find sport for many a day. 
 Less murderous pleasures, however, were more 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 45 
 
 consonant with the briefness of my visit and 
 the conspicuous gentleness of my disposition — 
 not to confound gentleness with an over re- 
 gard for one's personal comfort and safety, as 
 some mistakenly do. 
 
 A sturdy young Glengariff lad was engaged 
 as boatman and guide. His broad shoulders, 
 thick curly hair, full honest face, and frank, 
 confident, yet deferential, manner excited in- 
 terest. I interrogated. I discovered in him 
 one of the noble race of McCarthy, Mr. Eu- 
 gene McCarthy if you please, who by dividing 
 his time between his farm and his boat is able 
 to eke out something like an existence. But 
 his hopes are across the sea. He purposes some 
 day to become an American citizen with a 
 steady job and a pretty little surplus in the 
 bank. There are thousands such as he in Ire- 
 land, whose hearts are set on the American 
 paradise. Entering into their visions they 
 find remunerative, if laborious, employment in 
 this great land, rear their children in an at- 
 mosphere of freedom, whose sons in turn pass 
 on to the colleges, pulpits, courts and council 
 chambers to shape the policies of the nation 
 and to safeguard its welfare. They may 
 mount, some of them, to the pinnacle of polit- 
 
46 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 ical preferment, for of such were Andrew 
 Jackson and William McKinley, and of such 
 also were Monroe, Buchanan, and Arthur. Ave 
 Eugene McCarthy ! There 's plenty of room in 
 America for the likes of you. 
 
 The "personally conducted" tour around 
 the harbor was a success, Eugene himself fur- 
 nishing much of the "local color." He took 
 me to Cromwell's Bridge, now only a mourn- 
 ful stone arch hidden in the trees that stretch 
 their ancient branches from side to side of the 
 little river. A portion of the bridge was long 
 since swept away, but the wonder is that any 
 of it remains, for the whole bridge was built 
 in a miraculous hurry — in an hour, according 
 to the veracious Eugene who was only perpetu- 
 ating veracious tradition. I would have 
 marvelled had he said a week. The builders 
 worked under a mighty incentive. Noble 
 Cromwell declared he would oft* with their 
 heads if they exceeded the time limit. That 
 was only Cromwell's way of saying "Please 
 hurry." "Cromwell must have been a gentle- 
 man of decapitating manners," I remarked. 
 "Sure sor, he was no gentleman at all, sor," 
 said Eugene. "He'd do anything, sor." Eu- 
 gene's "sors" came at the rate of about forty 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 47 
 
 per second. There were several islands to be 
 pointed out, and the old fort, and the Earl of 
 Bantry's beautiful home facing the Bay, and 
 the cascade, a crystal veil draping the mossy 
 rocks in a framework of holly and laurel as 
 lovely as any fairy haunted dell of our dear- 
 est dreams. Macaulay's appraisal of the glor- 
 ies of Glengariff was not extravagant — at least 
 not too extravagant to fit my own mood. So 
 delighted was I that I did not want to believe 
 that there could be any fairer spot in the King- 
 dom. 
 
 The village of Glengariff is small and not 
 especially interesting. There is, however, a 
 very laudable work being carried on at the 
 lace school where about seventy young women 
 are becoming experts in the art. The man- 
 ageress is a gracious, yet business-like young 
 lady, whose name happened to be identical 
 with my own patronymic, "which." said she, 
 ' ' I trust, is nothing against either of us. ' ' She 
 exhibited some exquisite pieces of Crochet and 
 of Needlepoint, Limerick and Carrickmacross 
 laces. The making of these laces furnishes re- 
 fined employment for many girls who other- 
 wise would be doomed to drudgery. It is a 
 feature of the great modern movement that 
 
48 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 has brought new hope to Old Ireland. A re- 
 juvenating process is well under way through- 
 out the country. It is unmistakably genuine. 
 It is artistic, industrial and moral in spirit de- 
 pending not primarily on parliamentary poli- 
 cies. Such men as Sir Horace Plunkett, by 
 putting the emphasis on character, are laying 
 the axe to the root of Ireland's difficulties. 
 The story of such remedial agencies as the 
 Recess Committee, the Congested Districts 
 Board, the Irish Agricultural Organization 
 Society, the County Councils, the Land Pur- 
 chase Acts, etc., is one of the most encouraging 
 of modern times, albeit its discussion is too 
 weighty a matter for the present narrative. 
 The fact that the lace school at Glengariff is 
 under the Congested Districts Board illustrates 
 something of the method of the Irish indus- 
 trial and moral advance and justifies at least a 
 passing allusion to the great awakening, out 
 of which will march the forces that are to 
 dominate Irish history and politics. 
 
 In the dusk of the evening I walked out 
 along a lonely road upon the jagged side of a 
 wild ravine. As the shadows deepened and 
 the cool night wind murmured a weird obli- 
 gato to the riotous splashing of a mountain 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 49 
 
 stream as it sported unseen among the rocks, 
 a vivid sense of the grandeur of the scene pos- 
 sessed me. No human being was in sight, none 
 within sound of my voice probably. Alone, 
 with the illimitable glory of earth and sea and 
 sky ! Yet not alone for there were the friendly 
 stars, and the friendly trees, and the friendly 
 mountains, and better than all, the conscious- 
 ness of that Supreme Personality always in 
 communication with persons. Even so, He 
 smiles upon us through all shadows, and 
 loves us through all changes. There and then 
 I realized, as never before, that the two para- 
 mount verities through all the Universe are 
 God and Love. Thus "Glorious Glengariff" 
 opened its heart of beauty and revealed its 
 sweetest secret. Now can I join with one 
 gifted in the art of song: — 
 
 * ' Glengariff ; on thy shaded shore, 
 
 I've wandered when the sun was high, 
 Have seen the moonlight showers pour, 
 
 Through thy umbrageous canopy; 
 Have heard thy voice of music give, 
 
 Its tones of sweetness to mine ear, 
 By waterfalls that murmuring, live 
 
 To flow through many a changing year." 
 
VIII. THE SONG A.T TWILIGHT. 
 
 "By Killarney 's lakes and fells, 
 
 Emerald Isles and winding bays. 
 Mountain paths and woodland dells 
 Mem'ry ever fondly strays****" 
 
 The voice of the singer was full of that 
 subtle heart-reaching pathos that suits so 
 well the old familiar song of Balfe's. Pythag- 
 oras taught and practised the medicament of 
 music, and Plato considered a nation's songs 
 the gauge of a nation's morals. On these 
 ancient and accepted principles, the composer 
 of Killarney, though he had never written 
 "The Bohemian Girl," deserves the gratitude 
 of his countrymen. It was the evening of my 
 arrival at Killarney. There, amid the glories 
 so feelingly portrayed by the poet, I listened 
 to the singing of that wondrous melody. It 
 came floating from the white throat of a gifted 
 young Killarney girl, in rich mezzo soprano 
 tones. Verily it seemed as though the hills 
 had actually broken forth into song. 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 51 
 
 " Bounteous nature loves all lands, 
 
 Beauty wanders everywhere; 
 Footprints leaves on many strands, 
 
 But her home is surely here. 
 Angels fold their wings and rest 
 
 In that Eden of the West, 
 Beauty's home, Killarney, 
 
 Ever fair, Killarney." 
 
 The journey from Glengariff had been made 
 by coach, an exhilarating ride of more than 
 forty miles on smooth roads winding around 
 and over the grizzled mountains of Counties 
 Cork and Kerry. The noonday refreshment 
 was taken at Kenmare, and it happened to be 
 "Pair Day" at Kenmare. Fair Day, let it be 
 understood, is an honorable institution of great 
 local importance. The first token of excite- 
 ment to present itself to me was the spectacle 
 of a family of eight riding into town in a little 
 donkey cart built for one. The streets were 
 rendered almost impassable by the herding in 
 them of animals commonly considered lower 
 than man. Every farmer within ten or fifteen 
 miles around had brought in his stock to be 
 bartered or sold. There was a Noachian 
 variety of cows, calves, pigs, goats, sheep, 
 poultry, — everything in fact that was alive and 
 marketable. What haggling and coaxing and 
 bargain driving and interpositions, and slap- 
 
52 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 ping of fingers! Thus dramatically does the 
 Celt "crack a bargain." A very large man 
 with a very red face and a very thick mous- 
 tache and carrying a very heavy cane was 
 haggling with a very little man with very 
 sharp eyes and very thin side whiskers. 
 "Show me three fingers," said the big fellow. 
 He gave the extended fingers a tremendous 
 slap, exclaiming "I'll make it three pound 
 six!" "I'll not do it," said the little fellow. 
 There was a magnificent flourish of the heavy 
 cane, and the possessor thereof turned away 
 with a noble air of defiance. He was called 
 back, however, for more persuasion. "I knew 
 I'd make ye call me," said he, with a. tantal- 
 izing sneer. I left him the center of an 
 extremely animated group of Milesians. The 
 main street of the town, along which I was 
 making slow progress, was, for the time being, 
 nothing better than an elongated barn-yard. 
 They still do things that way in Ireland. 
 
 But Killarney! Mecca of tourists, theme 
 of poets, paradise of artists! Killarney, at 
 last ! Small wonder that the voice of the fair 
 singer that night grew richer with feeling as 
 she proceeded: — 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 53 
 
 " Innisf alien 's ruined shrine 
 May suggest a passing sigh, 
 But man's faith can ne'er decline 
 
 Such God's wonders floating by***" 
 
 Wonders! God's wonders indeed. Wonders of 
 lake and stream, rock, mountain, forest and 
 foliage interspersed with wrecked memorials 
 of the ancient Faith. 
 
 "Castle Lough and Glena Bay, 
 
 Mountains Tore and Eagle's Nest, 
 Still at Muckross you must pray 
 
 Though the monks are now at rest." 
 
 Muckross is a prayer — a broken yet eloquent 
 cry, a sob out of the centuries. The monks 
 have long since passed to their rest, yet 
 enough remains of their buildings to show that 
 they were remarkably beautiful, embowered in 
 the shade of kingly trees and costumed in 
 glossy ivy. Outlines of choir, transept and 
 nave, can still be traced. Imagination can 
 reproduce much of what time and tyrant have 
 destroyed. The old yew tree still has root in 
 the square around which runs the gloomy 
 cloister where pious devotees once loitered and 
 discussed the problems of their order. That 
 was long ago, a century and more before 
 Elizabeth sat on the throne of the Tudors or 
 
54 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 ever Shakespeare had filled the earth with the 
 perfume of his genius. 
 
 Heart throbs were in the notes : — 
 
 " Angels wonder not that man 
 There would fain prolong life's span, 
 Beauty's home, Killarney 
 Ever fair, Killarney." 
 
 The Gap of Dunloe is a wild ravine, cleft, 
 says the legend, by the great sword of Fenn 
 MeCoul. The distance from Kate Kearney's 
 Cottage at the entrance of the Gap to Lord 
 Brandon's Cottage at the head of the Upper 
 Lake is about six miles. The journey is usually 
 made on horseback. On either side are the 
 mountains, the Tomies and the Purple Moun- 
 tains on the left, the Macgillycuddy Reeks on 
 the right, with Carrantuohill 3414 feet high. 
 0, but it was a glorious ride I had that day! 
 There were the savage glories of gorge, crag 
 and bowlder; the overshadowing heights of 
 the mountains, the gurgle and splash of the 
 tumbling river, the interweaving of the 
 heather and arbutus. Mine was a good looking 
 animal, about the best in the Gap, I thought. 
 She had a white spot on her forehead, star- 
 shaped, so I dubbed her Venus, after the god- 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 55 
 
 dess of beauty and the loveliest of the planets. 
 She had a well-formed neck, luxuriant 
 mane, and limbs like the bronzes of St. 
 Mark's. A level stretch here and there 
 made it possible to show her speed, 
 when the pounding of hoofs upon the hard 
 road brought the echoes from the crags, 
 sounding like a cavalry troop at charge. It was 
 splendid, thrilling! 
 
 "Purple Mountain," gorgeous in color, tow- 
 ered like a king in robes of state. Black Lough, 
 in which St. Patrick drowned the last of the 
 Irish serpents, glittered like a jewel on the 
 royal insignia. At length the summit was 
 reached, and I could look down upon the 
 Black Valley, and the Upper Lake. I cannot 
 describe that view. I am sure I do not want 
 to try. Moses saw nothing so grand from 
 Nebo's top. 
 
 "No place else can charm the eye 
 
 With such bright and varied tints, 
 Every rock that you pass by 
 
 Verdure broiders or besprints. 
 Virgin there the green grass grows, 
 
 Every morn springs natal day, 
 Bright hued berries daff the snows, 
 
 Smiling winter's frown away. 
 Angels often pausing there, 
 
56 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 Doubt if Eden were more fair. 
 Beauty's home, Killarney, 
 Ever fair, Killarney." 
 
 It is true not only of the heathen lands of 
 which Heber wrote in his immortal Missionary 
 Hymn that a pleasing prospect often contrasts 
 itself with the vileness of man. Many a sad 
 spectacle will be seen in a day at Killarney, 
 unless one be disposed to think only of the 
 humorous side of the situation. A white haired 
 woman, gaunt and wrinkled, her bare feet and 
 ankles showing beneath her ragged skirt, im- 
 portuned me to buy a pair of heavy woolen 
 socks of her own knitting. "It's a poor 
 counthry, sor, ' ' was her reply to the suggestion 
 that she needed something of that character 
 for her own use. The scores of women scat- 
 tered all through the Gap of Dunloe, selling 
 illegally distilled whiskey, poetically called 
 "mountain dew" and "poteen," (it is 
 brewed in small pots) create many a 
 laugh, leave many a painful reflection. They 
 haunt the ravine like witches. Like an 
 apparition from the nether regions, a shriveled 
 Hecate suddenly appeared in the path and 
 cried, "Good day, sor, and good luck, sor, and 
 will ye be takin' a drap o' the poteen, sor, and 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 57 
 
 if ye don't want to drink will ye be after lavin' 
 the footin' anyway, sor." She had in her hand 
 a bottle of milk and a small glass, and hidden 
 in the folds of her shawl the bottle of "dew." 
 For six pence she would sell a glass of milk, 
 or a "wee drap" of the whiskey, or I might 
 buy the milk and accept the whiskey as a gift. 
 It is a nice elastic arrangement, adjustable to 
 any ordinary conscience. A person with no 
 thirst to assuage may, nevertheless, find op- 
 portunity to part with his coin, as these 
 creatures are as willing to beg as to trade. 
 "It's an American gintleman ye are," said 
 one, taking hold of the stirrup, to detain me. 
 "How did you guess that," said I. "Sure," 
 said she, "the American gintlemen are so nice 
 and kind to the poor. They always lave us 
 somethin'. " Verily, a reputation is a valuable 
 asset in this hungry world. It may be funny, 
 this wayside begging and whiskey selling, but 
 in the Ireland that is to be, the redeemed, the 
 uplifted, the new Ireland, there will be none 
 of it. 
 
 The boat ride across the lakes to the landing 
 at Ross Castle opens a matchless vision of 
 miraculous beauty. Every stroke of the oar 
 produces a new scene, and each scene is a 
 
58 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 masterpiece framed in gold. Such grace of 
 outline, such wealth and subtlety of color ! The 
 Louvre and the Uffizzi have their priceless 
 treasures, but Killarney is the gallery of God. 
 Who but the Divine Artist could do such tint- 
 ing, who but the Divine Sculptor could fashion 
 such forms ! The rare Irish imagination has 
 spun the gorgeous gossamer of its fancy from 
 shore to summit, and every conceivable spot is 
 identified with some captivating tale of 
 banshee, devil or hero. The composite effect 
 is one of ecstatic enchantment. The Upper 
 Lake with its bordering hills and island jewels, 
 the Long Range connecting with the Middle or 
 Muckross Lake, the rapids, the Old "Weir 
 Bridge, Dinish Island, Innisfallen in the Lower 
 Lake, the vine embraced walls of old Eoss 
 Castle, the red deer feeding in the marge, the 
 cloud ranks maneuvering along the sky line, 
 the voices of the boatmen, the almost reverent 
 quietness of the passengers, seem now but +he 
 features of a never-to-be-forgotten dream. 
 
 Eagle's Nest, rising nearly a thousand foet 
 from the water, was to me a breathing giant 
 rather than a soulless mass of rock. The 
 eagle building his eyrie there is a king amid 
 splendors unapproached in any court of 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 59 
 
 empire. The echo is astounding. A bugle 
 blast is taken up and passed from peak to 
 peak with remarkable distinctness. Its last 
 faint note in the far distance is like the voice 
 of an angel calling the saints to Heaven. The 
 reverberating of these musical echoes among 
 Killarney's lovely hills is the perfect merging 
 of the terrestrial with the celestial. 
 
 " Music there for Echo dwells, 
 
 Makes each sound a harmony; 
 Many voiced the chorus swells 
 
 Till it faints in ecstasy. 
 With the charmful tints below 
 
 Seems the Heaven above to vie; 
 All rich colors that we know 
 
 Tinge the cloud-wreath in that sky 
 Wings of angels so might shine, 
 
 Glancing back swift light divine. 
 Beauty's home, Killarney! 
 
 Ever fair, Killarney!" 
 
 It was my pleasure to meet at Killarney in 
 the beatiful grounds of the Lake Hotel an 
 interesting character in the person of one 
 " Jotter," an artist in the employ of the Tuck 
 Company. I watched him at his work for a 
 time and saw him with loving hand quicken 
 the canvas with the hues of nature, comment- 
 ing pleasantly the while upon the delicate 
 
60 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 shades of color lurking on hill and cloud. To 
 the eye of the man of training and talent the 
 scene was incomparable. He declared his 
 belief that the angels do actually fold their 
 wings and rest at Killarney. Were I an angel 
 I would ask no sweeter ecstasy of joy. 
 
IX. LIMEEICK ON THE SHANNON. 
 
 Among the oft recurring memories of dear 
 old college days, the dearer the further they 
 recede, are the strains of that boisterous song 
 celebrating the valor of a pugnacious Hiber- 
 nian, who has much to say concerning the tail 
 of his coat, and wherein are the lines : — 
 
 1 ' In the A. M. we met at Killarney, 
 The Shannon we crossed in a boat." 
 
 "When I came to cross the Shannon myself I 
 had a sense of acquaintanceship for which, I 
 suppose, the uproarious song was responsible. 
 
 The Shannon is the Irish Amazon. In fact it 
 is the largest river in the British Isles. Its 
 sources are far to northward, and in places it 
 is very narrow and quite unnavigable. Again 
 it widens out into lake dimensions, and these 
 lakes occupy no mean place among the pic- 
 turesque charms of the country. Finally the 
 stream pours its great flood into the ocean 
 through a harbor gateway seven miles in 
 width. 
 
 My first glimpse of the Shannon was obtained 
 from the quays and bridges of old Limerick. 
 
62 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 The city occupies both sides of the river, and 
 an island between. It is called the "City of 
 the Violated Treaty." Thereby hangs a tale, 
 an oft-told tale, a tale to stir the blood of the 
 honor loving in all lands. Close by the 
 Thomond Bridge, and elevated on a granite 
 pedestal may be seen a rough stone, called the 
 Treaty Stone. Around that stone the thrilling 
 story swings, for upon it a famous document 
 was signed more than two hundred years ago. 
 The situation was rather interesting, as Mark 
 Twain might say. The year was 1691. Prot- 
 estant William and Catholic James had been 
 struggling for the mastery. Limerick was 
 then, next to Dublin, the most important city 
 in Ireland. In August of the previous year 
 King William had led his army against it, had 
 battered a breach in the strong wall, and had 
 sent his men through it to fight for hours 
 within the city in as daring and stubborn 
 combat as heroes can wage against heroes. 
 They were finally driven back, and Limerick, 
 with broken walls and bloody streets, still 
 flung defiance at the disappointed King. He 
 soon returned to England, leaving his ablest 
 generals in command. After Athlone, Sligo 
 and Galway had been taken, the second siege 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 63 
 
 of Limerick began. The bombardment con- 
 tinued until there was hardly enough left of 
 the city to fight over. The combatants on both 
 sides were exhausted. The Treaty of Limerick 
 was signed on the third day of October. It 
 was an honorable treaty, and a fair one. It 
 guaranteed religious liberty and restoration of 
 privileges to Catholics. It permitted the sol- 
 diers of the garrison to join the English army, 
 or to leave the country if they preferred. The 
 great name of Ginkel, commander of the 
 English, went down on that treaty; so did the 
 greater name of Sarsfield, defender of Lim- 
 erick. It was a righteous treaty. King 
 William gladly ratified it. It signalized the 
 close of the Jacobite wars in Ireland. 
 
 Just one year and three days after the 
 Treaty Stone had thus been consecrated, Par- 
 liament met at Dublin, and after the manner 
 of parliaments proceeded to nullify the terms 
 of the treaty by passing laws directly opposed 
 thereto. Such is history as the Irishman reads 
 it, and so much at least must be recalled on a 
 visit to Limerick. I gazed long and hard at 
 that monument to perfidy and wondered if its 
 language was understood by the jolly lads 
 playing at its base. 
 
64 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 Across the river I could see the rounded 
 wall of old King John's Castle, whose masonry- 
 antedates Runnymede. It is another object 
 lesson. It has survived shock upon shock, has 
 been defended by many generations of fighting 
 men, has sheltered the soldiers of Plantaganet, 
 Tudor, Stuart, and Hanoverian monarchs; and 
 what tyrant John builded, Edward still em- 
 ploys to barrack his garrison. Even then, at 
 the time of the building of the Castle, Limerick 
 was an old city, older than New York now is. 
 Antiquity is one of its charms. Yet its main 
 thoroughfare, George Street, prides itself on 
 its modern aspect, with its good hotels, large 
 stores and throngs of eager shoppers. The 
 magnificent quays and docks show that the 
 natural advantages of the noble old river are 
 thoroughly appreciated. 
 
 In addition to its lace, Limerick is boastful 
 of its three b's — bacon, butter and beauty. 
 The last mentioned applies of course to human 
 beings of the feminine gender. The guide 
 books boldly challenge the visitor to observe 
 the loveliness of the Limerick ladies, and who 
 could be so ungallant as to fail to perceive it? 
 
 Across the Sarsfield Bridge, near one end of 
 which stands a statue of Lord Fitzgibbon — 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 65 
 
 one of the heroes of Balaclava, flows a stream 
 of humanity almost as steady as the current 
 that runs under its five arches. Having spent 
 some hours in visiting various parts of the 
 city, and having seen its most interesting 
 streets, buildings and monuments, I gave 
 myself the luxury of about twenty minutes' 
 rest and observation upon the bridge. Loafing 
 comes easy to some mortals. There were a few 
 masters in the art leaning against the open bal- 
 ustrade opposite. Evidently I was as interest- 
 ing to them as they were to me. Loafing is the 
 same in all languages. The moving throng 
 was a fascinating pageant. There were jaunty 
 nurses with prettily dressed children in 
 charge, and there were children ragged and 
 nurseless, all unconscious of their disadvan- 
 tage. There were old women in soiled shawls, 
 queer and quaking, and there were handsome 
 women in elegant equipages. There were men 
 robust and alert, and there were men wizened 
 and dull eyed. Pedestrians strolled or hurried, 
 according to purpose or whim, equestrians sat 
 proudly on spirited mounts, teamsters urged on 
 their indifferent horses, and jarveys flourished 
 their whips and solicited patronage. It was 
 the hour for the evening delivery of milk, and 
 
66 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 donkey carts laden with pear shaped cans were 
 being driven about by girls and women, for 
 the Limerick milkman is not a man. There at 
 the bridge I saw the life of Limerick in cameo. 
 The scene remains clear cut in memory, a fre- 
 quent reminder of the pleasure afforded by a 
 visit to the royal city of the old Munster kings, 
 the "City of the Violated Treaty." 
 
X. A BOTAL EIVEB. 
 
 From the cities and towns, farms and facto- 
 ries of the West of Ireland may be gathered a 
 harvest of impressions impossible to those who 
 confine themselves to the more familiar scenes 
 of Killarney, Belfast, and Dublin. Herein is 
 travel so far superior to reading as a source of 
 information, especially where through the 
 smoke of controversy the truth is rarely seen ; 
 the Celt who writes his diatribes with 
 the ink of anathema proves little but 
 that his veins are full of boiling blood. The 
 Britisher is entitled to his bias. To visit the 
 scenes and to converse with the actors, con- 
 cerning which and concerning whom so many 
 conflicting judgments are delivered, enables 
 one to shape his own opinions to something 
 like distinctness. So I found it, especially 
 during the pilgrimage from Limerick to Sligo. 
 
 To Killaloe on the Shannon is a pleasant 
 hour's journey by rail. The town is small, with 
 a population of about 900, but it is very large 
 in the measure of its environal beauty and its 
 natural advantages of location. The moun- 
 tains, great and green, arise around it, the 
 
68 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 river rushes before it, and Lough Derg 
 stretches away to the northward. An attrac- 
 tive hotel, most pleasantly situated and sur- 
 rounded by artistically kept grounds and 
 gardens, assures the comfort of guests. Of the 
 quiet yet lavish loveliness of the place too much 
 can hardly be said in way of praise. It has its 
 industries and its antiquities, a venerable 
 cathedral, and the traditional site of a famous 
 palace of Brian Boru. Its recreative advan- 
 tages are numerous. A tired man, a man 
 wearied of the city's din, or determined on the 
 sports of forest and stream would find delight 
 at Killaloe. Darkness gathers very slowly in 
 this latitude, the twilight lingering as though 
 loath to relinquish the glorious landscape. Be- 
 ing fond of evening walks and starry 
 skies, I indulged myself for a time in 
 that gentle form of excitement. The air 
 was cool and vocal with pleasing sounds 
 — the splash of water, the sigh of wind, 
 the silvery call of birds from the wood- 
 land, the echo of laughter and song from 
 the village. Ursa Major spread out his huge 
 form overhead, and great Arcturus was swing- 
 ing his blazing light low over the Western 
 hills. Cygnus, once a swan, now a cross of 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 69 
 
 diamonds brooched upon the Milky Way, shone 
 like the sign of Constantine. The heavenly 
 host swung on in noiseless march, filling the 
 night with the glory of their pageantry. 
 "Ah!" thought I, "The Irishman is a lucky 
 lad after all. From the greenest sod on earth 
 he can look up to the brightest stars of heaven, 
 while his ears are filled with nature's sweetest 
 orchestrations. He is a lucky lad indeed." 
 That evening at Killaloe was keyed with inspi- 
 rations and crowded with hallelujahs. The 
 day following was to be one of rapturous 
 amens. 
 
 "Queen of the Irish Lakes" is the proud 
 title borne by Lough Derg. Not so large as 
 Lough Neagh in the North East, and not so 
 famous as Killarney in the South West, it is 
 large enough and lovely enough to merit 
 queenly honors. There are more than a hun- 
 dred lakes in Ireland. To be queen among 
 them is high distinction. It lies along the 
 course of the Shannon for twenty-five miles, 
 its extended banks forming a vast reservoir in 
 which is gathered an immense volume of water. 
 
 The steamer started at 8 a.m. to carry its 
 few passengers across the lake and on up the 
 river as far as Banagher. I was soon conscious 
 
70 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 of the impress of wondrously impressive con- 
 ditions. The Emerald hills of Clare, Tipperary, 
 and Galway stood around like Maids of Honor 
 to the Queen. Bordered with rich and varied 
 foliage, the far reaching Lough seemed all the 
 more majestic beneath heavy skies. Storm 
 clouds, like black steeds in rampage, chased 
 across the heavens and down over the Galway 
 horizon, followed by lighter formations 
 through which the sun sifted his fire, streaking 
 clouds, hills and lake with lines of glowing 
 color. And so it continued through the morn- 
 ing, a soul moving vision in black, white, 
 green and gold, — a scenic rhapsody of rare 
 magnificence. How futile are the or- 
 dinary figures of speech as interpreta- 
 tions of nature's grander moods! I ventured 
 as much in a casual remark to a stranger 
 standing near by, and he readily agreed. It 
 proved to be the opening of a conversation 
 that lasted until he left the steamer at 
 Portumna. There are companionable fellows 
 the world around. None more so than the in- 
 telligent Irishman. 
 
 He was a Dublin man. In dress, speech, 
 and manners he was a typical Dublin man, 
 sufficient commendation for those who know 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 71 
 
 Dublin. He was of medium height, with light 
 brown hair, moustache of a still lighter shade, 
 cheeks aglow with rich color, eyes large and 
 blue and kindly. A gentleman he was every 
 inch of him. His straw hat was of the latest 
 Dublin fashion, and the inevitable rain coat 
 fitted unusually well about his athletic figure. 
 He made constant use of a binocular field glass, 
 which he generously shared with me and 
 which worked miracles upon the Elysian 
 scenes through which we were passing. But 
 not for these things, primarily, is he now 
 remembered. I soon made the discovery that 
 my friend was one of the agents representing 
 the Congested Districts Board, even then 
 travelling in the prosecution of his duties in 
 connection with the most daring of all cam- 
 paigns for the amelioration of the country's 
 woes and wrongs. So he was more to me than 
 a typical Dublinite, more than an agreeable 
 companion for a few hours' journey. In his 
 own delightful person he seemed to sum up 
 the history of many decades and to prophesy 
 the triumph of justice in the new era. For 
 the nonce he personified Ireland's long battle 
 with poverty. 
 
 Three-fourths of the population of Ireland 
 
72 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 are dependent upon agriculture. Given the 
 proper incentive, adequate equipment and 
 education, the Irish farmer might have led a 
 joyous existence, conscious at least of his own 
 independence. An iniquitous system of land 
 ownership robbed him of the incentive. 
 Poverty and ignorance interacting one upon 
 the other, forced upon him a drudgery that 
 meant the death of hope. He has been a pitiful 
 figure among earth toilers. He hates the gov- 
 ernment under which he is compelled to live. 
 A tide of emigration carried away his best 
 friends, reducing the population from eight to 
 four millions in a few years. Habits of indo- 
 lence, intemperance, and contentiousness deep- 
 ened the pathos of his plight. His wrongs and 
 his wrongdoings, his sorrows and his sins have 
 complicated a problem in the solution of which 
 the whole world is interested. Back of it all 
 there is a long, long story which must be read 
 with judicial mind, the probability being 
 strong that the more familiar the reader be- 
 comes with the details of the story, the less 
 inclined he will be toward rendering a final 
 verdict. 
 
 As the little steamer chugged along merrily 
 tossing the water from its bow and leaving a 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 73 
 
 white swell astern, innumerable hills poking 
 into the landscape dotted with farms and occa- 
 sionally surmounted by ruins, certainly pic- 
 turesque and presumably historic, we discussed 
 the ''Irish Problem ' '—the Irishman and I. 
 The discussion took the form of questions and 
 answers, he furnishing the answers. He was, 
 I think, thoroughly informed, quite unbiased, 
 and unusually frank. He was courteous 
 enough also to show no sign of weariness under 
 the inquisition, in fact declared that he enjoyed 
 it. He repudiated all claims to philanthropy, 
 saying that while it was true that he was en- 
 gaged in carrying out the provisions of 
 philanthropic legislation, he was well paid for 
 his work, and deserved no more praise than 
 those engaged in other lines of business. It 
 was for this man, however, rather than for 
 Members of Parliament to apply parliamentary 
 decisions directly to the peasant and his 
 family, and there would be abundant oppor- 
 tunity for tact, kindliness, and diplomatic dis- 
 crimination on his part. He related some 
 incidents showing the need of these attributes. 
 In selecting those to whom the opportunity of 
 going to the larger and better farms should 
 first be offered, the Scriptural rule, "Unto him 
 
74 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 that hath shall be given" is applied; "for," 
 said my worthy friend, "the man who best 
 succeeds under disadvantages is most deserv- 
 ing of the better chance." This bit of sound 
 philosophy and practical wisdom is capable of 
 a very wide application to present day condi- 
 tions in the Emerald Isle. 
 
 Portumna is a small agricultural center in 
 Galway County near the northern end of the 
 lake. My affable companion bade me good bye 
 at the landing, swung lightly to the seat of a 
 jaunting car and was soon lost to view on the 
 long road that leads into the town. I was left 
 to the quiet contemplation of the Shannon 
 scenery and to certain ruminations upon a 
 series of events that seem about to culminate 
 in a new baptism of happiness for a long 
 unhappy land. 
 
 On the 22nd day of January, 1801, the "Act 
 of Union" having been signed by King George 
 III. on the first day of the preceding August, 
 the "combined" parliament met at London. 
 The Dublin parliament had suicided under 
 what pressure and provocation the purer 
 politics of today can hardly conceive. Since 
 that time, legislation for Ireland has emanated 
 from Westminster. The century opened under 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 75 
 
 most disheartening circumstances. Kobert Em- 
 met, young and ardent, blundered into an in- 
 surrection, and the executioner terminated his 
 career. The country writhed in a fever of 
 discontent and despair. The contortions were 
 due to political and economic, racial and 
 religious difficulties. Gaunt poverty stalked 
 through the land and breathed misery 
 and death through the green valleys. 
 In 1838, poor houses were provided for 
 the destitute. The act authorizing them 
 was the result of investigations carried on by a 
 royal commission. The commission reported 
 frightful conditions. More than two million 
 people were in extreme want, living in miser- 
 able hovels, sleeping on straw or on the hard 
 earth. A meal of dried potatoes or wild herbs 
 once a day was the usual portion. Many a 
 family was saved from utter extinction by the 
 Poor House. In that same year Father Mathew 
 began his heroic crusade against drunkenness, 
 one of the contributing causes of wretchedness 
 everywhere. But poor houses and pledge 
 signing campaigns were no sufficient remedy 
 for the foul conditions, nor could they ward off 
 the agonies yet to come. They came, those 
 indescribable agonies of the famine of "Black 
 
76 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 Forty-seven." The crops failed utterly and 
 the peasants died by hundreds and thousands 
 and tens of thousands until a quarter of the 
 population had perished. Terrible ! No other 
 European country has ever received such a 
 scourging. Woe upon woe, wound after 
 wound, sorrow within sorrow and a multipli- 
 cation of sorrows. 0, Isle of Destiny, was it 
 for this that the bold Milesians sought the 
 slopes of thy green hills, thy brimming lakes, 
 thy ravishing rivers? 
 
 Ireland bowed and bleeding, yet brave, won 
 the world's pity. The consciences of legis- 
 lators were awakened. Men in power of ex- 
 alted position championed the cause of the 
 afflicted. Bright and Gladstone were both 
 eloquent, good, and compassionate. Yet the 
 way to the light was through a jungle of 
 experimental legislation. By the repeal of 
 Corn Laws people could get bread at lower 
 cost, but were eventually placed at a disadvan- 
 tage in trade competition. Bankrupted land- 
 lords sold their property under the Encum- 
 bered Estates Act of 1849, but voracious spec- 
 ulators bought up the estates and the tenants' 
 trials were heavier than before. The agitation 
 known as "Ribbonism" followed with the 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 77 
 
 usual incidents of depredation and murder. 
 The Tenants' League of 1850 was of little 
 consequence. The Fenian excitement of the 
 next decade stirred England to a keener sense 
 of the urgency of the situation. The Prot- 
 estant Episcopal Church was disestablished in 
 Ireland in 1869, and at the same time the 
 government assumed the right to purchase the 
 estate of an embarrassed landlord and to sell 
 it to tenants on easy terms. Here we behold 
 the gleaming of a plan and a principle of in- 
 calculable value to Ireland. More than six 
 thousand tenants became land owners under 
 that act. Thus, after many centuries, the land 
 began to pass back into the possession of the 
 people, as it had been in the time prior to the 
 Norman rule. Then followed the days of the 
 fame of Michael Davitt and Charles Stewart 
 Parnell, and the Land League of 1879, and 
 the Gladstone Land Bill of 1881, granting the 
 right of Fair Rent, Fixed Hold, and Free Sale, 
 for which the Land League had contended. A 
 brilliant dawn arose in the Land Pur- 
 chase Act of 1885, when Parliament put 
 $25,000,000 at the disposal of Irish tenants for 
 the purchase of farms. The black night had 
 passed, the sun was well up over the horizon. 
 
78 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 Another grant was voted in 1888. Three years 
 later Balfour secured $170,000,000 for the same 
 purpose. This was legislation magnffique. The 
 Government had acquired the habit. Special 
 attention was given to this backward 
 Western section with its congested dis- 
 tricts and poor farms. County Councils 
 were established in 1898, through which 
 a considerable measure of self govern- 
 ment is now in force. The Nineteenth Century 
 closed in a blaze of new life for the "Old Sod." 
 In the Wyndham Land Act of 1903 we behold 
 the reform program in full swing. The Hiber- 
 nian hates the Government and will continue to 
 hate, thanking God for the privilege, but 
 there will be less reason for it in the future 
 than there has been in the past. After reading 
 ' ' The Making of Ireland and Its Undoing, ' ' by 
 Alice Stopford Greene, one should turn to 
 "Ireland in the New Century," by Sir Horace 
 Plunkett. 
 
 Northward from the Lough, the Shannon is 
 a narrow stream running through the meadow 
 lands of Galway. In the rushing and receding 
 waters of the steamer's wake the fringing 
 reeds kept bowing like so many Hindus 
 salaaming to the Maharajah. A delicious odor 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 79 
 
 filled the air. Never had I inhaled such sweet- 
 ness. It was a delicate yet decided aroma 
 extracted from the rich meadows and wafted 
 about by the wizard breezes for the delecta- 
 tion of sensitive noses. I took deep draughts 
 of it into my lungs as a medicament more 
 precious than apothecaries' compounds. Also, 
 I recalled other odors by way of contrast, and 
 am willing to make affidavit that Ireland can 
 furnish both extremes. Finally, with the fra- 
 grance of the Galway meadows still lingering 
 upon our senses, we swung under the stone 
 bridge at Banagher and the steamer was made 
 fast to the landing. 
 
 One long gently winding street stretching 
 away from the river to the little Protestant 
 church on the hill, good macadam roadway, 
 cobble-stone sidewalks, buildings one and two 
 stories high, plastered and whitewashed, some 
 with old thatched roofs and some with new 
 slate roofs; dingy stores mostly of the " spirit" 
 variety; a prevailing primitiveness, dashed 
 here and there with the colors of the modern 
 post-card — such is Banagher to the strolling 
 stranger. I believe there is a distillery at 
 Banagher, another evidence of the ubiquity of 
 evil. 
 
80 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 The bridge is a series of arches, plain but 
 solid, the legatee of the honor bequeathed by 
 the old one built four hundred years ago. 
 There are ancient barracks down by the river. 
 I know not how ancient they may be. Hunting 
 up dates or guessing at them grows wearisome 
 in a country crowded with antiquities. 
 
 Banagher is the terminus for Shannon 
 steamers, and also for a branch line of the 
 Great Southern and Western Railway. Thence 
 my route lay through Ferbane to Clara and 
 Athlone. 
 
XI. CLAEA AND ATHLONE. 
 
 The population of Clara is given as 1,111. 
 It is a number one town, therefore, in at least 
 four respects. It has a large jute mill, I re- 
 member, and I had a most interesting talk 
 with its superintendent. He was Scotch and 
 Protestant and had some interesting things to 
 say about the town and its people. There are 
 some beautiful estates in the vicinity. I was 
 attracted by the groups of people standing 
 near the entrance of the Catholic church 
 and by the numbers constantly passing in and 
 out. I joined the line of ingression. The occa- 
 sion proved to be a gathering of school chil- 
 dren for the awarding of prizes. There must 
 have been four or five hundred boys and girls 
 filling up the entire nave of the church, while 
 proud parents and interested friends crowded 
 the side aisles and transept. The cildren were 
 well dressed and wore their sashes and badges 
 with evident pride. It was as clean and in- 
 telligent a company as we are accustomed to 
 see in our public schools. As for the adults, 
 there was a difference. The majority seemed 
 poorly dressed and many were disheveled and 
 
82 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 dirty. They certainly were no tidier than our 
 poorer tenement dwellers are apt to be. The 
 day was rather muggy, and the atmosphere in 
 the church was decidedly offensive. It was with 
 some difficulty and with considerable discom- 
 fort that I reached a point of vantage, both 
 for seeing and hearing. There stood the 
 Bishop, properly rotund of figure, attired in 
 elegant Episcopal raiment, with mitre and 
 crozier, addressing as eager an audience as was 
 ever hushed in the presence of ecclesiastical 
 dignity. His language was plain, his counsel 
 direct and sound. Then there was the reading 
 of a list of names, and in response to each the 
 child designated came forward, knelt before 
 the Bishop, kissed his ring, and received from 
 his hand a token, usually a book or gruesome 
 picture of the tortured Savior. The full signifi- 
 cance of the ceremony I could not compre- 
 hend, but that scene has arisen in memory 
 many many times, always with an ac- 
 companiment of interrogation points. What 
 may have been the impression made 
 upon those plastic minds? How strong 
 a factor will that impression be in the 
 process of the unfolding of character? Is 
 there a better wav to mold the lives of Erin's 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 83 
 
 coming citizens? Do such influences in child- 
 hood account for the Irishman's unquestioned 
 devotion to his religion? Can an educational 
 system be over-charged with religion? Is there 
 any relevance in the observation of a certain 
 bold and impious American to the effect that 
 Ireland has more rogues in the Rogues' Gallery 
 and more saints in the Saints' Calendar than 
 any other country on the planet? 
 
 Sectarianism is still a live wire in Ireland. 
 But recently the Lower House of Parliament 
 passed Mr. Redmond's bill seeking to remove 
 all disabilities from Catholics and so to alter 
 the King's Oath as to rid it of the obnoxious 
 allusion to Catholicism. The Premier favored 
 the bill. There is the usual ' ' view with alarm ' ' 
 attitude on the part of many Protestants. Full 
 forty years have passed since the disestablish- 
 ment of the Protestant Episcopal Church in 
 Ireland. As there are but three counties 
 having more Protestants than Catholics the 
 term "priest ridden" is still applicable, yet 
 there is no doubt that in many cases the priests 
 ride well and for the good of the ridden. 
 Religious prejudice is still carried to extremes 
 utterly unknown in America. I was strongly 
 urged in one place not to patronize a certain 
 
84 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 hotel because, even though it was the best hotel 
 in the city, it was owned by a Catholic. I 
 rested that night very comfortably in the best 
 hotel. 
 
 There are about 61,000 Methodists in Ireland 
 and 250 Methodist ministers. For thirty years 
 laymen have had equal representation in the 
 Annual Conferences, and are very generally 
 welcomed to the pulpits. This utter absence 
 of sacerdotalism brings Methodism into sharp 
 contrast with Romanism. The Presbyterians 
 are strong, especially in Ulster, having a fol- 
 lowing of over 400,000. The Church of Ireland 
 (Protestant) has a membership of nearly 600,000. 
 The Catholic population is said to be 3,321,011. 
 This comes very close to being two-thirds of 
 the entire population of the island. Romanism 
 cannot be crushed in Ireland nor will Prot- 
 estantism die, but Irishmen of all denomina- 
 tions must come to a larger realization of the 
 joys and obligations of the brotherhood of the 
 Cross. Thus only can the broader prosperity 
 be achieved, and thus only can the Prince of 
 Peace be honored according to the deserving 
 of His great name. 
 
 Diagram Ireland as a target and Athlone will 
 be found within the bull 's-eye circle. Athlone is 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 85 
 
 central, distant but 78 miles from Dublin. 
 Athlone is ancient, and historically important. 
 Athlone is a Shannon city, it straddles the 
 river. Athlone reminded me again of the 
 only King John— for the Castle was built in 
 his time; also of Ginkell and St. Ruth, rival 
 generals who contended for possession in the 
 stirring days of James II.; also of the Duke 
 of Wellington, who was once quartered there ; 
 also and more especially of "The Widow 
 Malone" so musically celebrated by Charles 
 Lever : — 
 
 "Did ye hear of the widow Malone, 
 
 Ohone ! 
 Who lived in the town of Athlone, 
 
 Alone? 
 Oh! she melted the hearts 
 Of the swains in them parts, 
 So lovely the widow Malone. 
 
 Ohone ! 
 
 So lovely the widow Malone. " 
 That wonderful Irishman, Oliver Goldsmith, 
 was recalled to memory because of the 
 proximity of "The Deserted Village," and that 
 holy man, St. Kieran, by the sacred ruins of 
 Clonmacnoise, only nine miles away, where 
 crumbled churches, round towers, crosses and 
 inscriptions compel a pathetic reflection upon 
 
86 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 the learning, industry, piety, and glory of an 
 age now shadowed in the dim recess of the 
 centuries. 
 
 Athlone is an anachronism. It belongs to an 
 ancient order of things. It is a vision out of 
 that haunting dream that we call the past. 
 There are just a few specks of modernism upon 
 it. I will remember long those winding streets 
 and topsy-turvey alleys, the long Railway 
 Bridge, the Barracks, the Old Castle, the 
 salmon weir, and the boatmen casting for trout 
 in the river. A grimy crew were unloading coal 
 from a schooner recently arrived from Dublin 
 via the Grand Canal. Looking into the faces 
 of the men one could not tell whether they 
 were Hottentot or Hibernian, but I took it for 
 granted that there were white skins down 
 somewhere beneath the coal dust, and was glad 
 of the evidence that all Ireland does not burn 
 peat. 
 
 Athlone is properly proud of the vicinage of 
 Lough Ree, with its romantic associations. It 
 is an Irish Lake George, plus antiquities and 
 myths. Enough has not yet been said about the 
 lakes of Ireland. They are pearls in emerald 
 settings. 
 
XII. ON TO SLIGO. 
 
 Connaught is the great western province of 
 Ireland. Mayo is the great Northwest County 
 of Connaught. Ballyhaunis is a small town in 
 Mayo County where I left the train for an 
 afternoon's ramble in the country. 'It is a fair 
 country to look upon, with gently sloping hills 
 and green valleys freely patched with little 
 lakes and streaked with threading rivers. 
 Pasture and bog lands are plentiful. Farms 
 are small but apparently fertile. Poverty is 
 not abject, for the peasants are, I should say, 
 as a class clean and industrious. 
 
 Connaught types are interesting. There was 
 the good priest with his carroty head and 
 cheery face, of whom I ventured to ask 
 directions. Said he, "What State are you 
 from?" I was again pleased at being so 
 quickly recognized as an American. I told him 
 state and city, and to my surprise learned that 
 he had once lived in Newark, New Jersey, 
 himself. He spoke familiarly of streets, public 
 buildings, churches and people, and there on 
 the village street the Mayo priest and the 
 Jersey dominie had a little love feast. An hour 
 
88 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 or so later I conversed with a farmer 's wife 
 who had spent eleven years in the United 
 States — "though I don't look it now/' said she. 
 But she did look it, in spite of coarse shawl, 
 patched skirt and care-drawn face. The 
 American spirit is a light that cannot be hid 
 under any bushel. It was in her soul and it 
 flashed in manner and speech, though she had 
 married a man of the soil and had gone back 
 to the cabin and the potato patch. 
 
 "Is this the road to Ballina?" I asked of an 
 aged woman hobbling along at the cross road. 
 "It's not," said she. "I suppose I will have to 
 go on to the next turn," said I. "Ye will 
 that," said she. Her replies were sharp and 
 short. They snapped. They blocked conversa- 
 tion. I had met another type. The preponder- 
 ance of aged people in Ireland is a sorry 
 spectacle and is of course related to the prob- 
 lem of emigration. The young have quick ears 
 and they hear the call ; they have brave hearts, 
 strong hands and willing feet. They go. The 
 old are not so. They must stay. This is the 
 country whose population was cut in half in 
 half a century. The number of persons now 
 living in the United States of Irish birth or 
 parentage is greater than the entire population 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 89 
 
 of Ireland. The average age of emigrants is 
 twenty years. Hundreds of these old people 
 remaining at home are dependent upon the 
 money sent by sons and daughters across the 
 sea, but they are doomed to a lonely old age. 
 My heart went out to the tottering woman at 
 the cross roads. 
 
 Another type soon appeared. There was 
 just a fringe of thin white hair showing be- 
 neath the rim of his antiquated derby hat. 
 Between his lips was the stem of his beloved 
 "dudheen." One hand gripped a blackthorn 
 while the other held a rope, the further end of 
 which was tied to the hind leg of a huge 
 porker, a rather nervous animal judging from 
 the constant jerking of the aforesaid hind leg. 
 The man, I judged, was a peaceable citizen, 
 an "old timer," affable, though not especially 
 talkative, and quite willing to submit to the 
 kodaking ordeal. Then came the two towsie tots 
 who called from the potato patch in eager en- 
 treaty to have their pictures taken; the young 
 turf gatherer with her basket laden donkey, 
 and the stout bodied laborer, who lamented the 
 peasant farmer's hard lot, but agreed that con- 
 ditions were not as bad as they used to be. All 
 of which are but a few of the details of a pic- 
 
90 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 ture of rare charm and warm human interest. 
 
 Sligo, "Capital of the Northwest," like Ath- 
 lone and Limerick, is dim with the dust of 
 centuries. It gives no evidence of ambition 
 however rich it might be in experience. It is 
 undisturbed by Twentieth Century sparkle 
 and spirit. Round about are to be found 
 some of Ireland's most interesting archaeo- 
 logical remains and most varied scenery. 
 "Like as the mountains are round about Jeru- 
 salem," so the rugged hills encompass Sligo, 
 forming a circle twenty miles or more in 
 diameter, comprehending a wealth of woodland 
 and water charms known as the Killarney of 
 the North. Many weeks could be profitably 
 employed amid these sylvan splendors, ram- 
 bling, climbing, riding, hunting, fishing, golf- 
 ing, exploring, writing, painting, according to 
 taste, whim or talent. I met some English 
 gentlemen at the hotel, one of whom was 
 about to purchase an estate in the vicinity, 
 declaring that there was no place equal to it in 
 England. He was a sportsman, and had trav- 
 elled the Kingdom thoroughly. 
 
 In the city are to be seen the Cathedral, the 
 Bishop's Palace, the old Gothic Abbey in 
 mournful ruins, the monument of O'Connor 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 91 
 
 Sligo, dating back to the first quarter of the 
 17th century, and such other historic mark- 
 ings as so ancient a town may be depended 
 upon to possess. Mr. Gallagher, boatman down 
 by the old stone bridge, Mr. William Galla- 
 gher, with second g silent, bearded, bronzed, 
 wrinkled, blue eyed, hoary headed, staunch 
 Catholic, determined Nationalist would, for the 
 pleasure of it and ten shillings, introduce me 
 to the pristine glories of Lough Gill. Again, 
 there was "nothin' loike it" in all Ireland. 
 Other obliging gentlemen there were who 
 would be exultingly happy to pilot the traveler 
 to the megalithic curiosities at Carrowmore. 
 Or would it be a venture to the glens and crags 
 of Knocknarea? Alas, that there is so much to 
 see and so little time in which to see it! 
 Ulysses probably uttered the same lament 
 after his twenty years of traveling. 
 
XIII. UP IN ULSTER. 
 
 Across County Leitrim, and in the very heart 
 of Fermanagh lies happy Enniskillen. It is 
 forty-eight miles from Sligo. It is also about 
 four centuries away. Enniskillen is exhilarat- 
 ing. I had seen so much of decay and depression, 
 so much of wrack wrought by the despoiling 
 hand of time and by the destructions of war — 
 ruins, ruins . everywhere; rtains of walls, 
 houses, mills, castles, forts, towers, churches, 
 monasteries, abbeys, monuments, bridges, — a 
 civilization in ashes! Beauty bedraggled! 
 Such was Western Ireland; a Samson shorn 
 and blind — ah, the pity of it all! But Ennis- 
 killen is not in ashes, backwardness is not her 
 fashion, and her beauty is not faded. There 
 was a style and throb of things I had not seen 
 since leaving Cork, — hence the exhilaration. 
 Ulster, the great Northern province, is Ire- 
 land's crown of prosperity. 
 
 Like a great blue sash, Lough Erne lies 
 across County Fermanagh from northwest to 
 southeast. Enniskillen is a silver buckle glis- 
 tening in the folds of the sash, an ornament 
 far famed for its modest beauty. It is 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 93 
 
 an Irish Interlaken. Some say there is 
 no lovelier spot in the British Isles. The 
 region abounds in places, objects and scenes of 
 peculiar interest. Devenish Island, now in 
 ruins, was for many generations a center of 
 learning and dovotion, St. Molaise having 
 flourished there as far back as the sixth 
 century. At the end of Lower Lough Erne is 
 the town famed throughout many lands for its 
 ceramic creations, the village of Belleek. The 
 Pottery is kept busy trying to supply the 
 demand for the exquisitely delicate and irri- 
 descent Beleek china, which was originally 
 made of clay found in the vicinity, is most 
 artistically fashioned into a great variety of 
 forms, and possesses a marvellous lustre. 
 
 A hill near the station at Enniskillen has 
 been transformed into a beautiful park, with 
 gracefully winding paths, luxuriant herbage 
 and pretty gardens. At the apex stands a 
 lofty monument in honor of Sir Lowry Cole, 
 a Peninsula hero, and near by a clock tower 
 as a Plunkett memorial. The view of the 
 distant landscape with its nestling lakes is 
 superb. In nature 's library it is an edition de 
 luxe. It is the most — there comes that superl- 
 ative again ! From the park entrance Townhall 
 
94 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 Street curves away toward the river, a street 
 wide and clean, and with an array of shops, 
 hotels, banks and churches not excelled surely 
 in any town of the size of Enniskillen in any 
 country. 
 
 Enniskillen men have in the past given full 
 proof of the quality of their soldiership. You 
 may find in the Parish Church standards borne 
 with honor at Waterloo. Their services in the 
 Protestant cause made them feared of the 
 Jacobites. This is the country of heroes. Before 
 it became possessed of the English, Enniskillen 
 was the stronghold of the doughty Macguires, 
 chieftains of Fermanagh. With such associa- 
 tions, and with such natural endowments, En- 
 niskillen cannot fail to interest and to charm 
 the tourist. It is a place in which to be happy. 
 It makes the kind of an impression that one de- 
 lights to cherish. It invites to rest. It soothes 
 while it inspires. Enniskillen, one cannot for- 
 get, is up in Ulster. 
 
XIV. A LOOK AT LONDONDERRY. 
 
 Cutting the corners of Tyrone, Donegal and 
 Derry Counties, the Great Northern train sped 
 through a smiling Eden, and for miles along 
 the river Foyle, to Londonderry, one of the 
 most picturesque cities in Ireland. It is not, 
 however, an Irish city. It is Irish neither in 
 appearance, in spirit, nor in method of gov- 
 ernment. The Honorable Irish Society of Lon- 
 don holds the charter, collects ground rents, 
 and determines the officiary. It has been so 
 for nearly 300 years. 
 
 The first thing to do at Londonderry is to 
 mount the old city wall, the top of which is 
 now a popular promenade about a mile around. 
 The wall was built in 1609 at a cost of but 
 little over $41,000. It was evidently built to 
 stay, and is apparently as solid now as in the 
 terrible year 1689. That was the year of the 
 most famous siege in English or Irish history, 
 the Siege of Londonderry, although the Eoman 
 Catholic historian may refuse to consider it in 
 that light, calling it a "blockade" rather 
 than a "siege." It is so represented in Sul- 
 livan's "The Story of Ireland." Greene 
 
96 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 calls it a siege turned into a blockade. 
 Call it what yon will, the memory of 
 the event hangs about the ancient wall today 
 as a mystic token of that spirit of heroism 
 which has redeemed the grossness of human 
 nature in all lands, and nowhere more tri- 
 umphantly than on Hibernia's shores. 
 
 The most conspicuous object on the wall is 
 the great Doric column, 90 feet high, sur- 
 mounted by a figure representing the Rev. 
 George Walker, the hero of the siege. There 
 he stands in noble pose, Bible in hand, and 
 pointing a prophetic finger in the direction of 
 Lough Foyle, whence relief finally came. 
 There are a number of guns still planted in the 
 bastions, one of which having done consider- 
 able execution, and having made much noise 
 in doing it, is stamped "Roaring Meg." I was 
 very happy to think that Meg's roaring days 
 are over. I patted the smooth metal of the old 
 gun with curious fingers, and then went over 
 to the Cathedral especially to look at the shell 
 that came over the wall during the siege, 
 loaded with conditions of surrender. That shot 
 was wasted. Surrender? Not though famine 
 and pestilence were decimating their numbers, 
 and horse, dog and cat flesh had become their 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 97 
 
 best food. Surrender? Not while the Rev. 
 George Walker could commune with the Eter- 
 nal, preach the Word of Life, and keep the 
 spark of hope alive in their breasts. No, they 
 would not surrender, and the siege ran on, and 
 on, and on, for 105 days, and then King Wil- 
 liam's merchantmen broke the boom in Lough 
 Foyle and brought provisions to the famished 
 city, — provisions and victory! So "No Sur- 
 render" is the motto of Londonderry. 
 
 There is more to Derry of course than that 
 old wall with its historic gates, bastions, guns 
 and monuments. There are two cathedrals, for 
 instance, several famous colleges, streets re- 
 minding one of busy Broadway, mammoth 
 stores with alluring displays of linen and lace, 
 and factories employing thousands of men and 
 women. The city is beautifully situated upon 
 the Foyle, and rises from the river somewhat 
 as Albany rises from the Hudson. Trans- 
 atlantic steamers carry many passengers to and 
 from this port. It is a commodious harbor 
 lined with spacious quays. Near the Shipquay 
 gate stands, or did stand, the Guildhall, the 
 architectural gem of the city. It was destroyed 
 by fire on the 19th of April, 1908, but when I 
 saw it three months later, the square clock 
 
98 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 tower stood forth above the ruins in blackened, 
 yet impressive solitude. 
 
 As St. Fin Barre is related to the history of 
 Cork, so is St. Columba related to the history 
 of Londonderry. In the year 546 the pious 
 man instituted his abbey at the "Place of 
 Oaks." Around it spread the settlement and 
 out of the settlement grew the city. It was 
 the age of learning in Ireland. Kings and 
 nobles from every country in Europe hied them 
 hither to sit at the feet of sages. But for 
 tribal animosities, Danish incursions, Norman 
 conquests and Tudor desecrations Ireland 
 might have been known through the centuries 
 as the University of the World rather than as 
 a school for scandal. Every old city in Ireland, 
 like Londonderry, is a pathetic reminder of 
 that glorious destiny to which Erin at one 
 time seemed appointed. The country of the 
 Bleeding Heart, should have been the land of 
 the Crimson Rambler. 
 
XV. POETEUSH AND THE GIANT'S CAUSEWAY. 
 
 Portrush, by an obvious pun, is a port to 
 which thousands rush for their summer pleas- 
 ures, their vacation outing and sight seeing. 
 It is steadily increasing in popularity. The 
 summer population is a generous mixture of 
 Scotch, English, Irish and American, with a dash 
 of Italian organ grinder and Armenian ven- 
 dor. Hotels and boarding houses furnish com- 
 fortable accommodations at prices that would 
 bankrupt Atlantic City. Store windows pre- 
 sent the usual pleasure resort display, and the 
 stores and shops are usually filled with eager 
 purchasers. The main thoroughfares are 
 crowded during the evening with prom- 
 enaders, and groups of visitors chatting, 
 laughing, singing, sk^vtarking, quite in 
 holiday style. Here was the first scene of 
 hilarity I had witnessed in Ireland. Verily it 
 is good to hear the hearty laugh and the merry 
 song. I had come to feel that the proverbial 
 jollity and good humor of Michael and Bridget 
 was rather proverbial than apparent. The peo- 
 ple of the South and West had impressed me as 
 
100 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 being serious, solemn and even gloomy — ex- 
 cept in the attempt to extract a six pence by 
 some witticism in sale or beggary. The 
 ''perennial supply" is surely a myth. At 
 Portrush, however, there was merriment and 
 music to spare. An approach toward rowdy- 
 ism on the part of some gay young fellows was 
 instantly checked by the watchful constabu- 
 lary. The current of life was running strong. 
 A dance was in full swing in a large hall. A 
 theatrical performance was being given in an 
 open air theatre down on the strand. A 
 Stentor of righteousness was stationed at a 
 street corner preaching repentance to a crowd 
 of respectful listeners, and reminding them in 
 unequivocal language of the judgment to come. 
 Thousands of people were gathered about an 
 open square in the centre of which was a large 
 band stand. A concert was in progress, and 
 the music was of a most excellent order, as the 
 constant applause indicated. 
 
 All the essential features of a popular up-to- 
 date coast resort are to be found at Portrush, 
 and I doubt not that many good folks find 
 health and happiness amid the festivities of the 
 town and in the ocean breezes that sweep the 
 rocky shores. 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 101 
 
 Not far from the station and in seeming con- 
 trast to the holiday gayety stands the solemn 
 obelisk erected to the memory of Dr. Adam 
 Clark, author, preacher, missionary, linguist, 
 commentator, great scholar, an illustrious 
 Irishman well deserving a monument. The 
 expense of the memorial was met by 
 contributions from Methodists and friends 
 in all parts of the world. It stands on 
 a natural elevation, in an enclosure adjoining 
 the Memorial Church, and a short distance 
 back from the sidewalk. The inscription 
 reads : — 
 
 In everlasting remembrance of Dr. Adam Clark 
 Natus, circitur 1760. Obit 1832. 
 Servant of the Most High, who in preach- 
 ing the Gospel with great labors and Apos- 
 tolic grace through more than 50 years, 
 showed to myraids the way of salvation, and 
 by his commentary on the Holy Scriptures and 
 other works of piety and learning yet speaks 
 to the passing generation. Soli Gloria Deo. 
 
 Any country in the world might be proud of 
 a man like Dr. Clark. His genius was as broad 
 and unquestioned as that of Edmund Burke or 
 Daniel O'Connell and was consecrated to still 
 nobler ends. The rapturous plaudits of one's 
 
102 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 countrymen do not follow the evangelist and 
 the scholar as they do the statesman, the re- 
 former, the orator and the soldier, but judg- 
 ing according to the length of service, the 
 quality of work, the breadth, originality and 
 accuracy of his scholarship, the value of his 
 contributions to the world's religious thought 
 and knowledge, the strong consistency of his 
 character, the mighty uplift that went forth 
 from his life to the lives of others, his daring 
 devotion to the principles of the everlasting 
 kingdom, — who can say that Adam Clark was 
 not the peer in greatness, if not in renown, to 
 his illustrious fellow countrymen and contem- 
 poraries Lord Nelson and the Duke of Welling- 
 ton? The comparison is a bold one, I know, 
 but it was one of the impressions that came as 
 I gazed thoughtfully at that modest granite 
 shaft at Portrush. Many Irishmen have 
 achieved greatness and Dr. Clark was not the 
 least of them. 
 
 An electric tramway, the first to be built in 
 the British Isles or elsewhere, runs along the 
 coast from Portrush to the Giant's Causeway, 
 a distance of about eight miles. The ride may 
 be counted as one of the memorable experiences 
 of a lifetime. It lies along the edge of the 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 103 
 
 rugged cliffs rising high from the sea and af- 
 fording a distant view across the waters. The 
 white of the chalk exposures forms a charm- 
 ing color scheme with the blues and grays of 
 the water below and the rich green of the 
 verdure above. The incessant waves have 
 chiseled, bored and slashed the cliffs into fan- 
 tastic outlines, curious caves, tunnels and 
 arches. The elements have there elabor- 
 ated a wild architecture beyond the reach of 
 all canons of art, mightier in its sweep, and 
 grander in execution than that of famed 
 cathedrals of Spain and Italy. 
 
 Dunluce Castle crowns a rocky precipice 
 about half way between Portrush and Giant's 
 Causeway. Considering its size, location and 
 general aspect as viewed from a short distance, 
 it is the most astounding castle ruin I have 
 ever seen, not excepting the storied piles of the 
 Rhine. Separated from the mainland by a 
 deep and dangerous gully, the deserted walls 
 linger on the cheerless summit a hundred feet 
 above the pounding sea, towers and parapets 
 forming a sombre silhouette against a sullen 
 sky. During the 16th Century Dunluce was 
 in its glory. That many brilliant and many 
 tragic events connect themselves with those 
 
104 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 spacious halls and overhanging chambers, is 
 a safe conjecture amply substantiated in his- 
 tory. The Castle once withstood a siege for 
 nine months. It was finally abandoned, fell 
 into decay, and has not been occupied for over 
 two hundred years. Today it seems a realis- 
 tic picture adorning an ancient tale of some 
 wonderland of dreams. 
 
 " Don't be expecting too much," said a 
 cautious young Scotchman as we approached 
 the Giant's Causeway. My highest expecta- 
 tions were more than realized, however, and 
 I am somewhat at a loss to account for the oc- 
 casional expressions of disappointment at this 
 astounding miracle of nature. It may be that 
 the pictures of the Causeway are misleading 
 and that the tourist expects to behold a tower- 
 ing mass rising like a mountain toward the 
 clouds, dominating the coast and landscape. 
 Instead, he must go down, far down a rocky 
 path from lofty cliff to low shore before it is 
 possible to view the phenomenon. But there 
 it is, the product of forces transcending the 
 comprehension of mortals, so ancient as to 
 antedate human history, and to remain prob- 
 ably after man with his little burden of hopes 
 and fears shall have passed from the earth. 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 105 
 
 It is a great group of 40,000 stone pillars, from 
 one to one hundred feet in height, geometric- 
 ally shaped, pentagons and hexagons prevail- 
 ing, with tops sometimes concave and some- 
 times convex — a wonderful formation of 
 basalt, the result of the cooling contracting 
 and cracking of a lava stream. There are a 
 number of large caves in the vicinity of pecul- 
 iar scenic and geological interest, one of them 
 450 feet long, which in calm weather may be 
 entered in a boat. The various columns and 
 recesses are given names usually in associa- 
 tion with certain objects they are supposed to 
 resemble. A minute description of the whole 
 scene would involve a too lengthy if not quite 
 impossible task. 
 
 Having paid my little fee, a blessed privilege 
 conferred upon the public by a benevolent 
 syndicate, I passed through what is known as 
 the Giant's Gate and stood facing the amphi- 
 theatre. Here the beetling cliff takes the form 
 of a crescent and imbedded in its curving side 
 is that line of columns known as the Giant's 
 Organ. The wind was making music fortissimo 
 that day and my imagination was quite equal 
 to the crowding of the amphitheatre with 
 music-loving giants, applauding the recital of 
 
106 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 a master. I climbed out over the slippery 
 pillars to the water's edge. The gale threat- 
 ened to carry me into the sea. An occasional 
 dash of rain swept down over the precipice and 
 the moaning of the deep and the fretting of 
 the waves accentuated the weird and awful 
 grandeur of the spectacle. I was not sorry 
 that the wind howled and the rain splashed 
 and the waters boiled for the effect was a 
 magnificent approach to the terrible. It was 
 giant weather at the Giant's Causeway. The 
 scene was like a Shakespearian tragedy or a 
 Veretschagen war painting, both fascinating 
 and startling. Those prudent people who only 
 travel when the sun shines do not know the 
 sweetest secrets of this moody little world. 
 
XVI. ANTRIM, THE STBONGHOLD OF PBOTESTANISM. 
 
 County Antrim occupies the Northeast 
 corner of the rhomboidal island, and is the 
 stronghold of Protestantism and prosperity. 
 There Protestants outnumber Catholics three 
 to one. There homes are happy, farms are 
 large, fields are grain laden, cities are clean, 
 factories are busy, schools are plentiful, 
 churches are popular, and the people intelli- 
 gent, industrious and contented. The journey 
 to Belfast across the full length of this favored 
 country gives abundant evidence of these 
 pleasing conditions. The American traveler 
 is expected to be profoundly interested in the 
 announcement that this is the ancestral home 
 of the McKinley's. William McKinley, Presi- 
 dent, was the son of William who was the son 
 of James who was the son of David, whose 
 father emigrated from the village of Conagher 
 in the year 1743. From the father of David to 
 the second William was a period long enough 
 to work a most perfect Americanization, yet I 
 remember having heard a supposedly intelli- 
 gent and well-to-do American citizen declare, 
 
108 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 during McKinley's first Presidential campaign, 
 that he would never vote for ' ' that Irishman. ' ' 
 Bigotry and prejudice are not confined to any 
 one country but lurks beneath all flags. 
 
 The town of Antrim is situated about 21 
 miles from Belfast, on the little river known 
 as Six Mile Water near its junction with Lough 
 Neagh, the largest lake in the British Isles. 
 Near Antrim is the best preserved of all the 
 old Round Towers of Ireland. It is 92 feet 
 high, 50 feet around at the base, and has a 
 conical top. It stands now within the en- 
 closure of a most beautiful estate, the entrance 
 to which is an embowered roadway thickly 
 fringed with laurel, rhododendron and ivy. 
 My jarvey, a bright lad of fifteen, and by all 
 means the most satisfactory one I had met in 
 my travels, waited at the gate explaining that 
 he was not allowed to drive in. Thus it hap- 
 pened that I stood alone in the honored pres- 
 ence. Solitude has its compensations, and 
 companionship has its distractions. Erect 
 upon the greensward like a gray-cowled friar, 
 tall, solemn, silent, solitary, the tower is an 
 interesting object to behold. It is one of the 
 oldest of the 70 such edifices now to be found 
 in Ireland, and must therefore date back to 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 109 
 
 the 9th Century. There is an opening in the 
 side toward the north about ten feet from the 
 ground, through which it is believed an en- 
 trance was wont to be made by means of a 
 ladder. Speculations, wide and wild some of 
 them, have been advanced from time to time 
 to account for the origin of these peculiar 
 structures. It is romantic indeed to consider 
 them the rude expressions of ancient Persian 
 or Egyptian superstitions, to connect them 
 with Oriental symbolism or with Buddhistic 
 or Druidic ceremonialism, or to view them as 
 deserted temples of science, the relics of an 
 astronomical age, but it is much easier to 
 fancy the members of a Christian ecclesiastical 
 community scurrying up the ladder and pull- 
 ing the ladder in after them at the approach 
 of a band of Norse marauders. That they 
 would have been comparatively safe in such 
 a place and that they occasionally needed such 
 protection is no conjecture; and the same 
 building would have served admirably as a 
 bell, signal and watch tower. They were thus 
 used probably for several centuries. 
 
 In Act II. of Bernard Shaw's "John Bull's 
 Other Island" occurs this dialogue.— 
 
 Father Dempsey. D'ye see the top o' the 
 
 BOSTON COLLBGB UBRAKY 
 
 CHESTNUT HILL, MASS. 
 
110 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 Roun' Tower there? That's an antiquity 
 worth lookin' at. 
 
 Broadbent (deeply interested). Have you 
 any theory as to what the Round Towers were 
 for? 
 
 Father Dempsey (a little offended). A 
 theory? Me! (Theories are connected in his 
 mind with the late Professor Tyndall and with 
 scientific scepticism generally; also, perhaps, 
 with the view that the Bound Towers are 
 phallic symbols). 
 
 Cornelius (remonstrating). Father Dempsey 
 is the priest of the parish, Mr. Broadbent. 
 What would he be doing with a theory? 
 
 Father Dempsey (with gentle emphasis). I 
 have a knowledge of what the Roun' Towers 
 were, if that's what you mean. They are the 
 forefingers of the early Church, pointing us all 
 to God." 
 
 Verily knowledge is better than theory, and 
 Father Dempsey 's explanation is good enough 
 for the most of us. 
 
 It may be seen from the map that Lough 
 Neagh is an extensive body of water touch- 
 ing the shores of five counties, is saddle shaped 
 on two sides, is fed by ten streams and throws 
 its full flood northward to the Atlantic by way 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. Ill 
 
 of the River Bann. It has an area of 153 
 square miles and its greatest depth is slightly 
 over 100 feet. It is unusually free of islands 
 and its shores are low and marshy. It is 
 therefore scenically scant of those features 
 that appeal most eloquently to the lover of 
 variety, but it is duly celebrated in story, and 
 like everything Irish is entwined in folk lore 
 and legend. I had a gladsome spin with my 
 little jarvey through the cozy village and out 
 to the lake shore, but I failed, of course, to 
 see what Moore's fisherman saw: — 
 
 ''Round Towers of other days 
 In the waves beneath him shining/ ' 
 
XVII. THE FOED AT THE SAND-BANK. 
 
 Belfast ! I have long fancied that word, and 
 have considered the city fortunate to possess 
 such a name. It is both robust and vibrant sug- 
 gesting the piccolo and the violin, as well as 
 cymbals and the drum. It blends two ancient 
 words, the one meaning ford and the other 
 sand-bank. Its etymology no longer fits con- 
 ditions at the mouth of the Lagan, where 
 sand-banks have given place to long quays, 
 large docks, strong bridges, and the deep 
 Victoria Channel running far out into Belfast 
 Lough. 
 
 Three hundred years ago Sir Arthur Chi- 
 chester brought over his Devonshire colonists 
 to plant the foundations of what is now the 
 most thriving city in Ireland. He probably 
 found little of value when he arrived, for the 
 demons of conflict had been rioting there for 
 centuries, during which time communities were 
 established but to be ravaged and castles were 
 built but to be destroyed. In recent years 
 peace has been doing her more perfect work, 
 and now Belfast is a populous city, beautiful 
 and busy. To realize how busy a place it is, 
 one has but to consider a list of its leading 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 113 
 
 industries. The whole world knows of the 
 primacy of Belfast in the manufacture of 
 linen. Broad fields of waving flax are to be 
 seen everywhere in the farming districts of 
 Ulster, and it is a matter of unfailing interest 
 to observe their luxuriance and then to think 
 of the process of cutting, treating, spinning, 
 weaving, bleaching, etc., until those bending 
 blades of fibre have been transformed by the 
 legerdemain of our wonderful modern indus- 
 trial and commercial machinery and methods 
 into soft and snowy articles for the ward- 
 robes of great lords and fine ladies. The busi- 
 ness represents a value of about sixty million 
 dollars a year, and Belfast is the trade centre. 
 Long strips of bleaching linen stretched out 
 on the clean grass are observed as the train 
 nears the metropolis. Miles of the material 
 is thus exposed and one naturally drops into 
 the mood of fanciful conjecturing, for instance, 
 as to the number of times it could all be wrap- 
 ped around the earth, or how many billions 
 of pocket handkerchiefs could be made from 
 the lot. Of course there are hundreds of mills 
 and factories in and near Belfast devoted to 
 the various processes involved in this vast in- 
 dustry. 
 
 Many other lines of manufacturing are also 
 
114 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 conspicuously represented. The great ship- 
 yards ring with the music of many hammers 
 and blaze with the light of many forges as 
 the monster turbines are fashioned for the 
 conquest of the seas. Ten thousand men are 
 employed in the Harland and Wolff yards, 
 and Workman and Clarke carry a force of 
 three thousand. 
 
 Belfast can also boast of the largest rope 
 factory in the British Isles. Then there are 
 large tobacco factories, iron foundries, dis- 
 tilleries, breweries, tanneries, saw mills, flour 
 mills, and scores of other establishments turn- 
 ing out such diversified products as agricul- 
 tural implements, matches, ginger ale, bacon 
 and fertilizing compounds. All of this neces- 
 sitates a forest of chimneys, miles of bare brick 
 walls, volumes of curling smoke, odors well 
 assorted and distributed, and the usual disad- 
 vantages of such employments. Yet Belfast 
 is as fairly entitled to distinction for beauty as 
 for business. I had gathered from frequent 
 conversations that all Irishmen are proud of 
 Belfast. I heard its praises sounded at Kil- 
 larney, Limerick and Sligo. It is justly the 
 metropolis of the north and the boast of the 
 whole island. 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 115 
 
 In the centre of Donegall Square stands the 
 new City Hall. I wonder if there is a hand- 
 somer one in the Kingdom? I wonder if 
 there is a better one on the Continent or in the 
 United States in any city of less than four 
 hundred thousand inhabitants? For com- 
 parison in population we may think of San 
 Francisco, Cincinnati and Pittsburg, all of 
 which are smaller, and of Buffalo and Cleve- 
 land, both of which are larger. Belfast 
 stands number sixty in the list of big cities. 
 Its City Hall I am quite sure will bear the test 
 of any fair comparison. It is built in quadran- 
 gular form on five acres of ground. The 
 material is Portland stone richly carved. 
 There are corner towers 120 feet high and a 
 great central dome, somewhat resembling that 
 of our nation's Capitol, 175 feet high. The 
 style is Classical Renaissance. Gardens, artis- 
 tically landscaped, containing a variety of rare 
 and beautiful plants and flowers, and appro- 
 priate statuary, frame the architectural pic- 
 ture. The cost of grounds and buildings was 
 almost $1,500,000. 
 
 To correct the notion that Ireland is but the 
 abode of wretchedness, the home of ignorance 
 and poverty, the mistaken one should board 
 
116 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 a tram and ride through some of those beauti- 
 ful Belfast avenues. For example he may 
 start at the Albert Memorial, a Venetian 
 Gothic clock tower 143 feet high, and ride 
 along High Street, Castle Place and Donegall 
 Place to the City Hall, continuing through 
 Donegall Square, Wellington Place, passing 
 what is claimed to be the most complete Young 
 Men's Christian Association Institute in the 
 world, to College Square where the Cooke 
 monument will be an object of interest; thence 
 out along Great Victoria Street to the Queen's, 
 Presbyterian and Methodist Colleges, and the 
 Botanical Gardens. The ride will cost but a 
 penny or two and the passenger will have 
 seen more evidences of wealth and culture 
 than can be seen for a larger fare in the 
 majority of our American cities. Those col- 
 leges and museums mean that the old love of 
 learning still exists. Those monuments and 
 parks indicate the strength of civic pride, and 
 those beautiful churches show that Christ's 
 Holy Religion is still as it has been for cen- 
 turies a dominant factor in Irish affairs. 
 Should such a ride or walk be taken on Sun- 
 day morning no store will be seen open, no 
 saloon will be doing business. 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 117 
 
 In Belfast Sabbath laws are actually re- 
 spected. The saloons are allowed to open, 
 however, at 2 p. m. and are at once filled with 
 zealous members of the Grand Army of Im- 
 bibers. I watched the mobilizing process for 
 a few minutes and was astonished at the 
 alacrity and precision displayed. No order 
 was given, but men seemed to spring up from 
 the sidewalks as if by magic and to converge 
 on the bar rooms as if by machinery. It was 
 2 p. m. in Belfast, on Sunday. 
 
XVIII. THE HOLY HILLS OF ABMAGH. 
 
 There may be more pleasing combinations 
 of colors than green, white and red, even 
 though we find them in some national banners 
 such as the flags of Italy, Bulgaria and 
 Mexico. But when the green is in the 
 rich field, and the white is the bleach- 
 ing linen, and the red is the brick wall of the 
 factory where hundreds earn their daily bread, 
 they appeal to both sense and sentiment. So 
 it is again from Belfast to Portadown, the lat- 
 ter a prosperous growing community ten 
 thousand strong, about twenty-five miles from 
 the metropolis and ten miles from Armagh. 
 
 Armagh had seemed to me rather like a 
 period in Church History than a place on the 
 map. The name has a far-away sound and 
 is o'ergrown with ecclesiastical associations. 
 Seizing the excuse for another jaunting car 
 ride I engaged my jarvey, a husky young fel- 
 low, broad shouldered and full cheeked, the 
 traditional "broth of a boy" I suppose, but 
 lacking absolutely the traditional sense of 
 humor. He was about as serious a proposi- 
 tion as was ever proposed; or was it humor 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 119 
 
 beyond my comprehension? At any rate, my 
 quest for a genuine Irish joke was fruitless. 
 But the ride! 0, that was grand. The road 
 was as hard as a miser's heart and as smooth 
 as ivory. Ivy-grown walls, hawthorn hedges, 
 leafy oaks, gently curving hills bedecked with 
 green of thick grass and gold of grain, pretty 
 cottages, nestling villages, sauntering lads 
 and lasses, and red jacketed gallants from the 
 garrison, — rural peace, evening quiet, and 
 vernal beauty everywhere ! 
 
 I found Armagh to be a quaint old town, 
 with helter-skelter streets at steep grades and 
 sharp angles, yet with a grave aspect of an- 
 cient dignity. As everybody is supposed to 
 know, Armagh is the head See of both the 
 Church of Ireland and the Roman Catholic 
 Church in Ireland. As the home of two Pri- 
 mates, one of them a Cardinal, it is highly 
 favored spot in the eyes of Churchmen today. 
 Cardinal Logue's recent visit to the United 
 States was a widely advertised event and re- 
 sulted in enhancing his reputation as a genial 
 gentleman and popular leader. The presence 
 of such a man would be a valuable asset to 
 any community and Armagh is happy in him. 
 But Armagh is more especially blessed in the 
 
120 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 memory of the labors there of the greatest 
 personality in all Irish history. He was man- 
 hood at flood tide, zeal at fever heat. The 
 world has seldom known a better man, and 
 such men belong not to one country but to 
 the world. Irishmen do well to honor him, 
 others do not well in leaving him unhonored. 
 He had the fibre and faith of St. Paul and 
 St. Peter, and his name is worthy of association 
 with that illustrious list in the eleventh chapter 
 of Hebrews, the "Westminster Abbey of the 
 New Testament." His was the high poten- 
 tiality of courage consecrated. He was pure, 
 gentle, strong, ambitious, learned, eloquent, 
 relentless, purposeful, resourceful, indefati- 
 gable, bold, brilliant, diplomatic, full souled, 
 heavenly minded, inspired, — and he captured 
 Ireland for Christ. 
 
 St. Patrick arrived in Ireland in 432. Tem- 
 peramentally reverential, the natives were 
 stirred by the fervid proclamations of God's 
 love and the Savior's sacrifice and abandoned 
 their Druid altars for the way of the Cross. 
 The career of this God-appointed man as told 
 in varied versions stirs the blood, and storms 
 the batteries of indifference and selfishness. 
 I revere him not as the patron saint of Ireland 
 for the patronage of saints is problematical, 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 121 
 
 but as the foremost missionary since the 
 martyrdom of Paul. 
 
 An Irish chieftain gave evidence of the sin- 
 cerity of his conversion by presenting to the 
 holy man a wide circling green clad hill in the 
 very heart of his kingdom, upon which to es- 
 tablish a place of worship. There today, the 
 true lineal descendant of the original, stands 
 the old Cathedral of Armagh. It has never 
 been considered an architectural rival of 
 Lincoln or Canterbury, but among all the 
 churches of the British Isles this ancient 
 sanctuary bears unique and positive distinc- 
 tion. It is cruciform in shape, and has a mas- 
 sive tower 110 feet high, from which the 
 steeple has been removed. The iron gate of 
 the close was locked when I arrived before it, 
 but a few inquiries disclosed the abode of the 
 care-taker, whom I humbly importuned for the 
 privilege of admission. He opened the gate 
 with a heavy key and a heavier grunt. He 
 answered all questions in grunts. Ho grunted 
 his way along the smooth path to the west 
 door of the church, opened the door and pain- 
 fully sank into a chair like a man with the 
 rheumatism. All questions were answered in 
 monosyllabic grunts. He was a paragon of 
 
122 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 Irish civility uncivilized. Alas, again, for 
 those fond ideals of a national suavity, for 
 those bubbling springs of good nature that re- 
 fuse to bubble. I was free, however, to roam 
 about nave, aisles, transepts, and choir, to note 
 the pointed arches, moulded columns, perpen- 
 dicular windows, memorials, standards, and 
 effigies of illustrious primates. There is no 
 silence like the silence of the sanctuary. It 
 seems to be the very essence of sanctity, the 
 inner soul of which carved stone and stained 
 glass is the corporeal habiliment. Such silences 
 are more eloquent than sermons. Before them 
 irreverence cows abashed and ashamed. They 
 are inarticulated appeals from the vast in- 
 finitudes of Truth. In the venerable Cathe- 
 dral on old Rath-daire tender messages are de- 
 livered without aid of preacher, choir or or- 
 gan. Go thou and listen. 
 
 The new cathedral over which Cardinal 
 Logue presides is also lifted up on high and 
 may be seen from a great distance. The ap- 
 proach is a long flight of steps made of white 
 limestone. The affect is like a Dore illus- 
 tration of the Apocalypse. One may even fancy 
 the hovering angels in cloud draperies en- 
 circling the twin spires. "Ara Coeli" the 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 123 
 
 situation is appropriately called. I ascended 
 the terraced steps and stood for a while ad- 
 miring the graceful spires with their surmount- 
 ing crosses 210 feet above me. Entering the 
 Cathedral I was at once impressed with the 
 richness of the interior and the profuseness of 
 its mosaics. From floor to ceiling were 
 mosaic portrayals of Biblical scenes, with 
 martyrs and Irish saints in mural multitudes. 
 In the pulpit ornamentation St. Patrick and 
 St. Bridget keep company with the evangel- 
 ists. The marble altar is of imposing propor- 
 tions and exquisite workmanship. Behind it 
 is a marvelous marble screen 30 feet wide, 36 
 feet high upon which is a vivid Crucifixion 
 scene. A beautiful, costly, imposing edifice is 
 the Roman Catholic Cathedral of Armagh. It 
 was commenced in 1840, and was consecrated in 
 1904 with elaborate ceremonies. In the glitter 
 of its marble, in all the shining glory of its 
 newness it shadows forth the unfading charm 
 of that religion brought to Erin a millennium 
 and a half ago by a Gallic zealot. 
 
 Armagh has a parable in its two cathe- 
 drals, both commanding supreme positions, the 
 one venerable with an honorable old age, the 
 other mighty in a fresh strength — a parable of 
 
124 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 the persistency of truth however opposed or 
 dimly understood, a parable of the re- 
 juvenescence of Christ's Kingdom, a parable of 
 the Kingdom's sure destiny to occupy all the 
 hills and to flood all the valleys with the light 
 of its peace. 
 
 "O king, there is indeed a flame lighted on 
 yonder hill which if it be not put out tonight 
 will never be quenched in Erin" — memorable 
 words recorded of the Druid priest as he 
 watched the gleam of the Paschal fire kindled 
 by St. Patrick and his little band of mission- 
 aries on the Hill of Slane. On Tara Hill a 
 srreat Dasan festival was in progress. It is a** 
 oft told story, yet well worth repeating, of the 
 summoning of the Christians to appear before 
 the king, and of St. Patrick's bravery and suc- 
 cess in proclaiming his propaganda, making 
 converts on the spot, and then the long long 
 years of his toils and travels, and reputed 
 miracles, until on a certain 17th of March he 
 was summoned to appear before the King 
 Eternal. It is a story that grows vivid in the 
 atmosphere of Armagh. 
 
 I have seen the rainbow in the high heavens, 
 I have seen it hanging over Niagara's gorge, 
 I have seen it in the dashing spray of the break- 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 125 
 
 ing wave. I shall not say where the colors 
 were brightest, but everywhere the law of re- 
 fraction is the same and where the rainbow is 
 there light must be. Superstition has done its 
 meanest work with the memory of St. Pat- 
 rick, but amid the associations of Armagh the 
 splendor of the clear light of reality is upon 
 it and lo, the curled colors of a refulgent life. 
 The works of Patricius do follow him. 
 Robert Louis Stevenson was known asa" lover 
 of lovely words." Lovely deeds are lovelier. 
 In this mood of appreciation one might linger 
 long at this little town of the holy hills, and 
 find comfort to his soul. 
 
 Mention could be made too of the library, 
 a most excellent one with over 20,000 volumes 
 and many ancient documents of value ; the 
 observatory, the seminary, the convent, for 
 Armagh is no mean city in the number of its 
 academic advantages. The jarvey was particu- 
 lar to point out the palace of the Archbishop, 
 an elegant residence indeed with extensive and 
 beautiful grounds without, handsome furnish- 
 ings and rare paintings within. A selfish man 
 might envy the Bishop his home and his 
 honors. 
 
 Two miles distant is ancient Emania, where 
 
126 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 for centuries before the dawn of the Christian 
 era Ulster kings held court, and which was 
 originally established by the good queen from 
 whom Armagh takes its high sounding name. 
 Many other places and things there are in 
 this locality of uncommon interest, but it was 
 not for me to dwell among their charms. The 
 further the date of my visit to Armagh re- 
 cedes, the greater the joy of the memory of 
 it — a good test of values. 
 
XIX. WHERE WINDS THE BOYNE. 
 
 Drogheda, on the Boyne four miles from the 
 sea, thirty-two miles from Dublin, two and a 
 half times as far from Belfast, has a name 
 highly distinguished in Irish History, is com- 
 mercially important, and is an interesting 
 place to visit. Several parliaments have been 
 held there. There Cromwell butchered his 
 enemies in the name of the Lord. At the be- 
 ginning of this story allusion was made to 
 Richard II, who declared, in Shakespearian 
 paraphrase, "We will make for Ireland pres- 
 ently ; ' ' It was even there at Drogheda that the 
 proud monarch received the submission of 
 Irish chiefs. Long before that the alert Nor- 
 mans built a strong bridge over the Boyne at 
 that strategic point, and in ante-Norman days 
 the Danes were strongly intrenched in the 
 town. One has a right to expect antiquities at 
 Drogheda. They are there, old walls, historic 
 gates, abbey ruins, et cetera. But Drogheda 
 is no funeral urn. There are great viaducts, 
 noble bridges, a busy harbor with well laden 
 ships slipping to and fro in the ceaseless shut- 
 tle of commerce. 
 
128 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 Those Americans who plan to go from Dub- 
 lin to Belfast at a jump, thinking there is noth- 
 ing between, may be helpless victims of the 
 nation's jumping habit, else it is clear that 
 their judgment has jumped the track of reason. 
 Yet, with apologies, it was not for Drogheda's 
 sake primarily that I had included the city in 
 my itinerary. Drogheda is the starting point 
 for one of the most interesting and inspiring 
 day trips, I verily believe, in all the world. I 
 am sure it is so to those who admire natural 
 scenery characterized by an appealing rich- 
 ness rather than by awful grandeur, who feel 
 the heart throb of the soil once wet with the 
 blood of heroes, and who appreciate antiqui- 
 ties that make the most ancient memorials of 
 our land seem modern by comparison — and 
 this not in the misty Orient but in the little 
 green island that helps John Bull bear the 
 budget of his mighty empire. 
 
 The River Boyne is not remarkable among 
 rivers for width, depth, volume or length, but 
 it is a pretty stream running through a fertile 
 valley. It is about seventy miles long, and in 
 its crystal current the lively salmon flashes and 
 splashes, often jumping clear out of the water. 
 Queer, skin covered, oval shaped boats or 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 129 
 
 coracles of the most primitive fashion are still 
 to be seen. Practically the whole course of 
 the river abounds in mythological, legendary 
 and historic associations. The very name of 
 the stream commemorates the tragic death of a 
 princess, beautiful of course, who was drowned 
 in its waters nobody knows how long ago. 
 They called her Boinne. 
 
 There were three passengers on the coach 
 besides myself on that memorable day — a 
 serious looking Dublin gentleman in knicker- 
 bockers, accompanied by two elderly but 
 active ladies intent on seeing everything. The 
 courier was a stolid red faced individual, who 
 took frequent nap;s and who possessed a con- 
 siderable store of misinformation. This he 
 dispensed rather sparingly in brief responses 
 to our more or less intelligent questions. Ire- 
 land is not a land of sight-seeing automobiles 
 and megaphone lecturers, else we might have 
 learned more things that were not so. We 
 alighted first near the Obelisk which commem- 
 orates the valor of General Schomberg at the 
 famous Battle of the Boyne. It stands on the 
 north bank of the river and not far from the 
 scene of the General's death. To young Ire- 
 land the Battle of the Boyne is as familiar as 
 
130 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 is Gettysburg to young America. It was 
 fought in 1690 and settled the fate of James 
 II. James himself was present during the bat- 
 tle as was also his opponent William of 
 Orange. As I stood upon the little bridge 
 facing down stream in the direction of Drog- 
 heda, I tried to fancy the events of that awful 
 day. Upon my right was the leafy crest of 
 Donore where James and his army awaited 
 the combat. Before me was the stream whose 
 shallows were forded and whose waters were 
 crimsoned during the struggle. On my left 
 was Tullyallen Hill where William was en- 
 camped, and the glen through which the ex- 
 citing charge was made. O'er such scenes do 
 artists dream. On both sides emerald hills, 
 the river a silver ribbon between. In that vale 
 of beauty, and in the golden light of a glorious 
 July day, was fought the Battle of the Boyne. 
 The hills smoked and flamed in the fury of 
 conflict, the earth trembled beneath the roar 
 of artillery and the rush of cavalry; the river 
 swished and boiled beneath the splashing feet 
 of the fighters, and the cheers of the valiant 
 and the groans of the fallen rent the air. With 
 William were disciplined forces — French, 
 Dutch, Irish, English. Calimotte the com- 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 131 
 
 mander of the Huguenots fell. Schomberg, an 
 aged white-haired veteran, in a gallant dash 
 went down beneath sabre and bullet. Terrible 
 terrible are the incidents of war, yet glorious 
 its reward. James, outnumbered, and never 
 renowned for courageous leadership, suddenly 
 departed for Dublin greatly to the disgust of 
 his Irish officers. The Prince of Orange was 
 the hero and victor of the day, and a Protestant 
 Dutchman retained the throne of England 
 against his Catholic adversary. At the scene 
 of the famous battle all is now serene and 
 lovely, charming to eye, restful to mind, grate- 
 ful to soul, and the wonder and regret is that 
 it was once desecrated by the foul fiends of 
 carnage and strife. 
 
 Not to enter over much into detail, the most 
 distinct and pleasurable impressions of that 
 Boyne Valley ride were made by the pictures- 
 que ruins of Monasterboice and Mellifont 
 Abbey, the tumuli of Dowth and Newgrange, 
 the boyhood home of John Boyle O'Reilly, the 
 thick foliage and arborial paths in the grounds 
 of Mr. B. R. I. Balfour, through which we were 
 privileged to pass and where we met a plain 
 looking little woman declared by our knowing 
 guide to be Lady Balfour, and by the distant 
 
132 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 profiles of the historic hills of Slane and Tara. 
 At Monasterboice I climbed the steps in the 
 old Round Tower, which is about 110 feet 
 high and broken at the top. It has stood there 
 for a thousand years and more, and its hoary 
 walls will stand for a thousand years to come. 
 Then there was time for a stroll in the old ceme- 
 tery where are three famous old Celtic crosses, 
 one of which was broken by Cromwell, per- 
 haps. The other two are the best examples in 
 Ireland. They are 27 and 15 feet high re- 
 spectively. One is called the High Cross, the 
 other Muiredach's Cross. The guide in a 
 moment of sweet confidence informed us that 
 these crosses were six thousand years old. An 
 astounding bit of archaeology which found im- 
 mediate entry in the note book of one of the 
 afore mentioned elderly ladies. The crosses 
 were handsomely carved with Biblical and 
 mythological scenes, now so worn as to be 
 hardly decipherable. The Crucifixion, the 
 Last Judgment, the Adoration of the Wise Men, 
 Cain and Abel, Adam and Eve are among the 
 familiar portrayals. Many generations have 
 come and gone since the days of the munificent 
 Muiredach. The storms of ten centuries have 
 swirled around his cross, yet green grows the 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 133 
 
 grass around its base, birds circle and sing 
 above it, and before it men may learn some- 
 thing of the art and faith of the Irishman of 
 earlier days, and behold how he loved his 
 Lord, his land and his soul. 
 
 Mellifont Abbey is also a sweet morsel to the 
 antiquarian. It was the first Cistercian Mon- 
 astery established in Ireland, and was for sev- 
 eral centuries one of the largest, richest and 
 most important religious centres in the coun- 
 try. It was beautifully situated on the bank 
 of the Eiver Mattock, and was especially fav- 
 ored of the English kings before the monas- 
 teries were dissolved. I was especially at- 
 tracted to the old tower known as the gate 
 house, with its massive walls and three arches 
 rising one above the other. It guards the 
 approach to the other ruins as though de- 
 termined to maintain its dignity though robbed 
 of the honors and emoluments of office. 
 Just beyond are the meagre remains of the 
 church and abbey buildings. In the Chapter 
 House are collected sections of carved stone 
 work and pieces of tile excavated from the 
 ruins. A portion of the old tile floor has been 
 pieced together so that a fairly good idea of its 
 pattern may be obtained. This Chapter House 
 
134 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 must have been an exquisite building when 
 new, with its grouped columns, carved capitals, 
 graceful arches, splendid tracery, rich windows 
 and groined roof. The octagonal Baptistry is 
 sufficiently preserved to give just a faint sug- 
 gestion of the original. Mellifont, still true to 
 its suggestive name, is a fountain of sweet sur- 
 misings as to the joys and triumphs of those 
 who laid its foundations, built and beautified 
 its walls, taught, studied, preached and wor- 
 shipped in its sacred halls, sent forth streams 
 of comfort and evangelism into many lands, 
 and now, walking not amid sad ruins but in the 
 Eternal City of God, look upon everlasting 
 temples and with the serene steppings of the 
 glorified march ever upward upon streets of 
 gold. Mellifont lies low in the dust but still 
 rings with the music of the unconquerable. 
 
 Close by the ruins I found a cleanly cottage 
 wherein it became my privilege to be served 
 with luncheon. There were fried eggs with 
 hearts of gold, marmalade, bread, butter and 
 tea. It was a feast for kings. Tea tastes bet- 
 ter in Ireland, I imagine, than anywhere else 
 in the world. A pot of tea, a loaf of bread and 
 a dish of marmalade — more than once 
 or twice did I sit down to a table 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 135 
 
 thus provided and found a satisfaction 
 often missed at an eight course dinner. 
 And when the loaf is accompanied by 
 two or three other loaves, each of a different 
 kind, and when the knife is sharp and the con- 
 sumer cuts his own slice, and when the marma- 
 lade is abundant or gives place to strawberry 
 jam, and the teapot holds three or four cups 
 of Lipton's best, and a man has a traveler's 
 appetite and an honest digestion, why then, I 
 say, who cares to think of filet of sole or of 
 capon, of flavored ices, or of choice cheeses long 
 of name and strong of flavor? The little meal 
 at Mellifont was served by a kindly woman 
 assisted by a young girl as modest in manner 
 as she was pretty of face. The good woman 
 of the house engaged freely in conversation 
 and afterwards accompanied me about among 
 the ruins of the abbey, taking me into the 
 Chapter House and explaining point after 
 point as we passed along. Before we parted 
 the conversation reverted to herself, and she 
 told me of some of the hardships of her life 
 and of the bereavements she had suffered and of 
 the struggle, the bitter, long struggle against 
 poverty. It was no suppliant's plea for alms, 
 but an honest tale of honest trouble. There is 
 
136 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 a fraternity of sorrow and this poor woman 
 knew its password and wore its badge. Ah, 
 but she was hopeful too, and responded to the 
 little word of sympathy, and while we talked 
 not of creeds, our theologies agreed in the 
 certitude of God's infinite love, and in the 
 grasp of the glory bye and bye to be revealed. 
 It is one of the tender memories of my Irish 
 journey, that troubled soul with tear dimmed 
 eyes confiding her woes to a stranger. We 
 bade each other farewell over there among the 
 crumbled stones of old Mellifont, with mutual 
 assurances of a faith that looks far beyond all 
 earthly care to that bright home where dwells 
 the everlasting Father of us all. 
 
 The thought of actually invading the sepul- 
 chres of those doughty kings of Tara who 
 ruled in Ireland long before the advent of St. 
 Patrick had provoked anticipations of the unu- 
 sual and the uncanny. These anticipations 
 were fully realized at the tumulus of Dowth, 
 and a little later at that of Newgrange. The 
 tombs belong evidently to a very ancient and 
 extensive royal cemetery as a score of them 
 have been discovered and explored. We were 
 enjoying the charms of the rich landscape 
 when the coach came to an unexpected stop. 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 137 
 
 We alighted and climbed over a stile into the 
 field, an ordinary pasture lot apparently, bulg- 
 ing into a conical hill. Here we were met by a 
 young girl who gave us each a candle and 
 conducted us along by the edge of the field to 
 an opening in the ground, walled with stone 
 and provided with an iron ladder. It was like 
 going down into an old well. Not being accus- 
 tomed to old wells and tombs, and having no 
 special fondness for dampness and darkness, I 
 cannot honestly say that I enjoyed the sensa- 
 tion with any large degree of enjoyment, no 
 more than one can be expected to find actual 
 pleasure in the Catacombs or in those horrible 
 burial vaults beneath the Church of the Capu- 
 chins at Rome, though impelled by curiosity 
 and interest to visit them. We edged our way 
 along a narrow passage formed by immense 
 stones, great boulders they are, long and 
 narrow and set on end, and supporting the 
 rough flat stones forming the roof of the 
 passage. Thence we came to an almost circular 
 chamber about nine feet in diameter, and 
 eleven feet high, and having recesses on three 
 sides. The stones forming the sides and roof 
 of this chamber are singularly marked with 
 lines, angles, spirals and circles, the meaning of 
 
138 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 which is not now known. There are other 
 passages and cells in that unromantic mound 
 whose history if known would reveal many a 
 romance. The dim candle light flings dis- 
 torted shadows about and the blackness of 
 niche and recess makes more spectral the illu- 
 mined rock pillars. Emerging from the gloom 
 I concluded that Heaven is sunshine and ozone. 
 Larger and yet more interesting is the 
 tumulus of Newgrange. In this case the 
 entrance is made directly into the side of the 
 hill and through a long, narrow and wet 
 passageway that makes the performance im- 
 possible to any but the young, the slim, and the 
 daring. My companions remained outside. A 
 slip of a girl, whose duty it is evidently to 
 guard the entrance and furnish candles, acted 
 as my guide, and we squeezed in between the 
 damp columns and along the slimy earth to 
 the vaulted central chamber. The plan is 
 similar but the formation more regular and 
 the inscriptions more plentiful than at Dowth. 
 The roof is about twenty feet high, and in each 
 of the recesses is a hollowed sacrificial stone. 
 Again the weird shadows and the silence. 
 Again the mysterious markings, the rugged, 
 aged rocks holding back the tremendous weight 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 139 
 
 above them. 0, the terror, and the joy of 
 their strength ! The world ontside seemed so 
 far far away; and the ancient times so very, 
 very near and real ; and centuries so short, the 
 pomp and pride of kings so empty, their 
 thrones so transitory, the big boasting 
 of mortals so ludicrous, the tomb so 
 inevitable ; the destinies of races, nations, 
 families and men so inscrutable, earth so cruel 
 and so kind, history so full of gloom and 
 glory — such a rushing and tumbling of 
 thoughts at Newgrange! It is a strangely 
 fascinating spot. An ordinary wooded hill 
 as seen from the road, yet it held in its embrace 
 that most precious yet most valueless of 
 things — the dust of princes; also many objects 
 of artistic and monetary worth to gratify the 
 vanity of the reigning family, and later to ex- 
 cite the savage cupidity of the ravaging Danes. 
 So the tomb was honored, then rifled, then for- 
 gotten, then discovered, and is today one of 
 the most remarkable antiquities in the world. 
 To have penetrated that mass of rock, to have 
 stood for a few minutes in that dark sepul- 
 chral chamber is to have formed an indissol- 
 uble comradeship with antiquity. 
 
XX. DOING DUBLIN. 
 
 Ireland may be roughly pictured as an open 
 fan with Dublin as its pivot. That the pivot 
 points toward England is a fact of tremendous 
 significance. Centuries ago a long arm was 
 stretched across the Irish Sea and an iron hand 
 gripped the fan with fingers that know not 
 how to relax. However benevolent or malevo- 
 lent the purpose may have been, the results 
 constitute a series of incidents unparalleled 
 for human interest and dramatic surprises in 
 all the world's history. If it be true that the 
 spirits of mortals linger in the earth's atmos- 
 phere for millions of years after death, con- 
 scious always of the cumulative influence of 
 their deeds when in the flesh, then of all 
 spirits most miserable must be that of Dermot 
 M'Murrogh. Crafty, perfidious, evil, traitor- 
 ous, resentful, selfish, quarrelsome, ambitious, 
 bitter, yet bold and brainy withal was M'Mur- 
 rogh, the awful Irishman who led that crowd of 
 Anglo-Norman knights and freebooters to the 
 invasion of his own country to avenge his 
 wrongs by wronging the twenty generations 
 of Irishmen that have lived since his day. The 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 141 
 
 gallant rascal, so the story goes, once persuaded 
 the beautiful Devorgilla to elope with him, the 
 crime being accentuated by the fact that 
 Devorgilla was the wife of O'Ruarc, a rival 
 prince. Well, it is a long story with the com- 
 plications of a Corellian romance, encompass- 
 ing the return of the beautiful one and her 
 consecration to a life of self-abnegation and 
 wonderful works of charity and philanthropy, 
 and dealing with the defeat of M'Murrogh 
 after a long struggle, and explaining why he 
 left Ireland with terrible vengeance in his soul 
 and returned, to the great discomfiture of his 
 enemies and the ultimate ruin of his country. 
 Compared to him, Benedict Arnold and Aaron 
 Burr were mere tyros in the arts of treachery. 
 
 It was in the year 1168 and at the time of 
 year when the arbutus and the rhododendron 
 were about to blaze forth in their annual res- 
 urrection glory, that the first detachment of 
 M'Murrogh 's foreign accomplices made a land- 
 ing on the Wexford coast. Others followed, 
 and shortly we read of Dermot M'Murrogh 
 claiming not only his former kingship of 
 Leinster but the sovereignty of all Ireland. 
 Modest man! But soon came the valiant 
 Maurice Fitzgerald and the adventurous Fitz- 
 
142 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 Stephen and Stronglow. Then ensued the fall 
 of Waterford, the march on Dublin, the ruth- 
 less slaughter of inhabitants, and Dublin was in 
 the hands of the descendants of William the 
 Conqueror. That was in 1171. The king of 
 England crossed the channel in October of the 
 same year, with his bewildering armada of four 
 hundred ships, his illustrious knights and 
 trained soldiers, and the glittering pomp of a 
 rich and powerful monarch. Henry estab- 
 lished his court and palace at Dublin. Dublin 
 became the centre and stronghold of the 
 English influence in Ireland, and Dublin, 
 though not the largest nor the most beautiful, 
 is today the most interesting and impressive 
 city of the country. These outstanding facts 
 of history seem to be luminous with a new 
 significance as one walks the streets of the 
 great metropolis, and Dublin is intelligible only 
 when studied in their light. The Shakespeare 
 biography has been humorously characterized 
 as an "Eiffel Tower of artificiality" made up of 
 so many guesses and perhapses and may-have- 
 beens. Dublin, on the contrary, has a history 
 as solid as the pyramids and it may be read in 
 its stones, castles, bridges, monuments* mu- 
 seums, cathedrals, and churches. It is a gray 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 143 
 
 old town, yet with its parks and many places of 
 amusement is the gayest of all Irish cities. It 
 has its quota of criminals, of course, and the 
 observer of night scenes upon the street will 
 notice with disgust evidences of immorality to 
 be witnessed in no other community in Ireland. 
 Dublin is divided into two parts by the River 
 Liffey. Some noble bridges span the river. 
 The heart of the city is in the vicinity of the 
 famous O'Connell Bridge. The structure is 
 itself an object of admiration, seeming to be a 
 continuation of Sackville Street, 154 feet 
 wide, and brilliantly lighted with three rows 
 of lamps. It offers an incomparable view of 
 the river walls and docks, and within sight of 
 it are some of the most renowned avenues and 
 buildings of the city. No matter where I went 
 I naturally and inevitably returned to the 
 O'Connell Bridge, and from it I could go di- 
 rectly to any desired point. It is the kind of a 
 place that a stranger soon learns to love, for 
 verily an unfamiliar city is a mighty mystery, 
 a labyrinth with no golden cord to help 
 one through the maze, a jigsaw puzzle 
 not quickly put together. The Arc de 
 Triomphe of Paris, Westminister of Lon- 
 don, St. Mark's of Venice at once offer 
 
144 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 proprietary rights to the stranger within the 
 city gates, and the reciprocal sense of owner- 
 ship is his temporary salvation. Of such a 
 kind is the quick affection for O'Connell's 
 Bridge, Dublin. 
 
 Northward, or nearly so, runs the broadest 
 and best thoroughfare of the city, Sackville 
 Street, with Nelson's Monument and the Post 
 Office but three squares distant. From that 
 monument the tramway routes radiate to all 
 parts of the city, and Dublin is the best "tram- 
 wayed" city in the world. In the opposite di- 
 rection lies Westmoreland Street with the 
 Bank of Ireland and Trinity College within 
 sight. Westward from College Green runs 
 Dame Street, leading to the Castle and the 
 City Hall; while continuing southward is 
 Grafton Street, where it is claimed that more 
 business is done to the square inch than in any 
 street in the Kingdom, and through which is 
 reached St. Stephen's Green, which in turn is 
 but a square distant from the National Mu- 
 seum and the National Library. 
 
 The places thus quickly mentioned are of 
 sufficient importance and interest to occupy 
 many days of sight-seeing and would furnish 
 many memorable impressions were Dublin con- 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. - 145 
 
 fined to these limits. My own rapid investiga- 
 tions were carried on by the constant use of 
 tramways, with a day's assistance of the coach 
 and courier from the ubiquitous Cook's. It 
 was on that particular day that I visited St. 
 Patrick's, an ancient and honorable institu- 
 tion sharing cathedral honors with the more 
 ancient Christ church. St. Patrick's is the 
 better known, however, because it once had a 
 brilliant lunatic for its Dean. Jonathan Swift 
 was not very long on piety, nor was he short 
 on satire and he shot his shafts at such 
 shining marks that he achieved a daz- 
 zling reputation among the literateurs and 
 lampooners of his country. Fame has 
 marked him as one of the biggest and brain- 
 iest of Irishmen with the twists and kinks of 
 a crazy man. He lies buried beneath the floor 
 of the cathedral by the side of the saintly 
 "Stella," whom he so highly exalted and yet 
 so cruelly wronged. The little bit of brass 
 that marks their resting place excites more 
 general interest than anything else in the 
 cathedral. Yet St. Patrick's is Ireland's 
 Westminster. It has monuments and memo- 
 rials galore, celebrating the virtuous and the 
 valorous. Sir Benjamin Guinness, the brewer, 
 
146 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 is fixed in bronze and thus durably estab- 
 lished occupies a seat of honor just outside, 
 between the south door and transept. Enor- 
 mous gifts were made to the cathedral by Mr. 
 Guinness, while Mr. Roe, the distiller, was the 
 chief modern benefactor of Christ church. 
 There is a passage of Scripture admonishing 
 us to try the spirits. It is well done in Dublin. 
 There is now an overwhelming rush of recol- 
 lections as I think of that gray old town on 
 the Liffey. The Castle has a share of gloomi- 
 ness as befits the seat of government for quite 
 seven centuries. There is nothing imposing 
 in its appearance, but its gates, courts, tow- 
 ers, halls and State apartments are suggestive 
 of a romantic history, while the administra- 
 tive offices, police headquarters and armory 
 suggest the mechanics of government. The 
 Castle was originally a fortress flanked by four 
 towers, one of which is still to be recognized 
 in the Eecord Tower. The chapel, built in 
 1814, is a Gothic building of Irish limestone 
 rather curiously decorated with busts of the 
 Virgin Mary, Brian Boru, St. Patrick, St. 
 Peter, Dean Swift, and the heads of the Eng- 
 lish kings. Visitors are courteously shown 
 about the Castle, and of course no one would 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 147 
 
 think of omitting it from the itinerary. I was 
 especially interested in the portraits of the 
 Viceroys, a long procession of them with Lord 
 Cornwallis at the head of the column. 
 
 Next in this roll of recollections I see a 
 noble Round Tower; not an ancient one in 
 ruins, but modern, entire, graceful. It stands 
 in a circular plot in the Prospect Cemetery at 
 Glasnevin, and beneath it are the remains of 
 Daniel O'Connell. G-lasnevin is a Dublin 
 suburb. Well does that monument speak of 
 the illustrious dead beneath. A lofty minded 
 man and a well rounded man was he. O'Con- 
 nell an American would have graced the Sen- 
 ate. O'Connell, a German, might have been 
 Chancellor. O'Connell, a Protestant English- 
 man, would not have been unequal tu the de- 
 mands of the Premiership. But O 'Connell was 
 a Catholic Irishman loyal to church and to 
 country, Member of Parliament, able advocate, 
 gifted orator, one of the manliest of men, one 
 of the fairest of fighters. "The Uncrowned 
 Monarch" they admiringly called him, and 
 "Father of his Country," for to his broad 
 genius and unquenchable zeal is due the 
 emancipation of Catholics in Ireland. To 
 all who love liberty for liberty's sake 'Con- 
 nell 's grave is Mecca. 
 
148 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 Another Irishman of great fame is buried in 
 a similar plot but a short distance away, a 
 plot still awaiting its monumental shaft. Feel- 
 ings of regret and pity are aroused at that 
 grave. Alas for the near successes that have 
 culimated in woful failure and shame! It is 
 the grave of Charles Stewart Parnell. He had 
 his share of anxiety and agony. By dint of 
 devotion and ability he rose to prominence and 
 supremacy, a leader great in the confidence of 
 the people and in the consciousness of the jus- 
 tice of his cause. With his endorsement and 
 under his presidency the Land League of 
 thirty years ago assumed giant proportions. 
 His visit to America and his appeal for aid 
 brought over three hundred thousand dollars 
 to the work. He suffered imprisonment for a 
 time and thus won the halo of heroism. 
 He was the most capable leader, probably, the 
 Irish party in the House of Commons has ever 
 had. Then scandal did its dreadful work, and 
 Parnell died in defeat and disgrace. Let us 
 write it as an axiom, that to be politically 
 great, one must be personally good. The tree 
 rotten at the core may preserve for a time its 
 strength of branch and beauty of leaf but its 
 doom is written. How terrible the devasta- 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 149 
 
 tions of the white ants of Africa as described 
 by Henry Drummond! He tells us that "one 
 may never see the insect ; but his ravages con- 
 front one at every turn." White or black the 
 secret sin is a gnawing insect. By it the giant 
 is robbed of his giantship. History teems 
 with awful examples. Character crumbles, 
 reputation shrivels, ambition totters, hope de- 
 parts, the sanctuary is profaned. It is easy 
 to moralize at Glasnevin! 
 
 Phoenix Park contains 1,752 acres. For this 
 valuable information we may credit the guide 
 books. One does not count the acres on his 
 first visit, but he will be sufficiently impressed 
 with the size of the Park if he takes the two 
 mile ride from Castleknock Gate to the main 
 entrance as it was my privilege to do. The 
 Zoological Gardens are extensive and contain 
 a splendid collection. The Wellington obelisk, 
 205 feet high, a monument in honor of the 
 great Duke, reminded me that Wellington was 
 Dublin born. The beautifully situated residence 
 of the Lord Lieutenant reminded me of the 
 fact that the honorable gentleman fortunate 
 enough to occupy that position is a much bet- 
 ter paid officer than the President of the 
 United States. He receives a hundred thou- 
 
150 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 sand dollars per annum, plus — I do not know 
 just how large that plus may be but from 
 what I have heard of houses, servants, equip- 
 ages, entertainments, etc., the plus must be as 
 much as the entire amount allowed to our 
 President as remuneration for his distinguished 
 services. Lord and Lady Aberdeen are both 
 estimable persons, however, and as it was their 
 prerogative to occupy the Viceregal Lodge at 
 the time of my visit I was not disposed to envy 
 them their good fortune. Nearly opposite the 
 Lodge, my attention was called to an indenta- 
 tion in the roadway. It was shaped like the 
 letter X and was apparently dug out with a 
 blunt instrument or stick. It would have ex- 
 cited no comment whatsoever had it not been 
 designated as the spot where a shocking 
 tragedy was enacted on the sixth day of May 
 1882. On that day Lord Frederick Cavendish 
 arrived in Dublin to begin his labors as the 
 Chief Secretary of Ireland. He was walking 
 with Under Secretary Burke when they were 
 suddenly attacked and cruelly murdered. It 
 was a fiendish crime, repudiated by Parnell 
 and the Irish party in whose interests it was 
 ostensibly committed. After these twenty- 
 seven years it would seem as though that X 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 151 
 
 might be allowed to disappear. Its preserva- 
 tion will probably pass into the long list of 
 peculiar traditions tenaciously maintained in 
 the land of the shamrock. The ready imagina- 
 tion of the Celt may yet embellish the plain 
 tale with weird and fantastic incidents, and 
 the grandmother of the twenty-fifth century 
 may recite to the gaping children the story of 
 the two terrible giants, who seeking to en- 
 slave the country were miraculously cleft by a 
 flaming sword let down from Heaven by an 
 avenging angel; all of which may be clearly 
 proven by the ineffaceable X in Phoenix Park. 
 Perhaps it would be more consonant with the 
 characteristics of Irish superstition to describe 
 the Devil reaching up through the earth and 
 dragging the offenders down to Hell. The 
 Devil is such a familiar personage in Irish folk 
 lore. With this version the X would become 
 the scar resulting from the descent of Satan 
 and his victims to the nether regions. Who 
 could gainsay such evidence? 
 
 Trinity College, Dublin, was founded in 
 1591. Necessarily it has a history dignified 
 and honorable after the fashion of academic 
 institutions. I am not now concerned to recount 
 the interesting features of that history, neither 
 
152 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 to glow over the alluring list of famous alumni, 
 nor yet to describe the grounds and buildings. 
 Most vividly do I recall the visit to the Library 
 of the college, and particularly two objects 
 therein contained. Not that they are the most 
 important of all the rare and wonderful things 
 to be seen within the classic shades, but 
 simply that they happened especially to arouse 
 my curiosity. Let it be understood that Trin- 
 ity College Library is great among the libraries 
 of the world, possessing a magnificent collec- 
 tion of books and manuscripts — nearly 300,000 
 of the one and over 2000 of the other. It is 
 over 300 years old. It has valuable Egyptian, 
 Greek and Latin manuscripts. The objects to 
 which I refer are the Book of Kells and the 
 harp of Brian Boru. There is a question 
 concerning the Boruan, (or should I say 
 Brianian?) ownership of that harp, never- 
 theless it looks as though it might have been 
 the property of the great king. That is as 
 near authentication as some things ever get. 
 It is not the kind of a harp we are accustomed 
 to see — the huge golden instrument as large as 
 the performer. If Brian ever played it he 
 probably held it in his lap, and the music, 
 however sweet, was of a very primitive order. 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 153 
 
 It represents concretely and pathetically the 
 national music of a former dispensation, a 
 melody that brought courage to the heart of 
 the soldier, comfort to the court of the king. 
 That was before the days of Handel, Beetho- 
 ven, Bach, Mozart, and Wagner, but the sweet 
 and simple strains of the harp strings meant 
 more to the Ireland of the olden time than 
 operas, oratorios, fugues and concertos mean to 
 most of us. The quaint little instrument with 
 richly carved and ornamented frame expressed 
 what words could not express of the heart's 
 hope, affection, pride; expressed in elegant 
 phrases the genius of the race. Emblazoned 
 on the flag of Erin it enkindles today the 
 holiest passion of patriotism— a beautiful 
 symbol of a noble memory. So the interest in 
 Brian Boru's harp was largely sentimental. 
 But as for the Book of Kells, it requires no 
 pluming of the imagination, nor yet an artist's 
 eye to value its beauty. There it is, "the most 
 beautiful book in the world," a manuscript of 
 the Four Gospels, dating from the eighth 
 century. It is the work of scholars and artists 
 surely, for its lettering and illuminations are 
 such as to challenge comparison with any 
 similar production in existence. There are 
 
154 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 several towns called Kells in Ireland, but the 
 Kells in County Meath, once the home of St. 
 Columba, is assured of immortal fame by this 
 exquisite memorial of Christian art already 
 more than a thousand years old. Kells was 
 widely celebrated at one time as an ecclesias- 
 tical and literary center, and this specimen of 
 its advancement is an object of universal 
 interest. 
 
 Dublin's intellectuality is not all confined 
 to her great and honored University. In a few 
 minutes after leaving the college entrance, I 
 stood on Kildare Street looking through an- 
 other entrance at a splendid group of buildings 
 occupying three sides of a quadrangle. An 
 imposing monument in honor of Queen Vic- 
 toria and surmounted by her statue marks the 
 center of the space. On my left was the 
 National Library and on my right was the 
 National Museum of Science and Art. These 
 two buildings are less than twenty years old, 
 while Leinster Hall, at the further side of the 
 quadrangle, was built in 1745. It is idow used 
 by the Royal Dublin Society. Further back, 
 one on each side of Leinster Lawn, are the 
 Museum of Natural History and the National 
 Gallery of Ireland. Here are gathered inval- 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 155 
 
 uable collections of books, antiquities, paint- 
 ings, portraits, specimens, curios, etc., hardly 
 excelled, if equalled, in any other city in 
 Europe. In the National Museum I found 
 myself tarrying before the case containing the 
 shrine of St. Patrick's tooth. Strange that 
 any man's tooth should be deemed worthy of 
 enshrinement. This is the only one on record, 
 probably. Its peculiar title to lasting honors 
 arises from the fact that it was knocked from 
 the mouth of the patron saint when he hap- 
 pened to fall, one unpropitious day, on the 
 steps of his church at Armagh. His saintliness 
 must have been of the toothsome variety, for 
 the dislodged ivory was tenderly preserved 
 and in later years deposited in an elaborately 
 wrought metal box, now grown dull and dis- 
 figured, but retaining evidences abundant of 
 its original beauty of design and costliness of 
 material. Still older is the Shrine of St. 
 Patrick's Bell, a revered example of Celtic 
 metal work and ornamentation made for the 
 bell once used by St. Patrick, and preserved 
 for centuries at Armagh. The bell is also on 
 exhibition, the oldest Christian curio of them 
 all. Then there is the Cross of Cong, made of 
 oak, copper, gold and jewels, and containing, 
 
156 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 it is said, a portion of the Cross of Calvary. Of 
 such interesting and suggestive character are 
 the relics gathered at the Museum, and their 
 name is legion. 
 
 The forty acre Guiness brewery is all the 
 more conspicuous in Dublin because Dublin 
 is not conspicuously an industrial city. It is 
 without question the greatest concern of its 
 kind in the world, perfect in equipment, vast 
 in extent, frictionless in system, multitudinous 
 in departments, representing millions in invest- 
 ment, generous in dividends. In general man- 
 agement, in the high character of its owners, 
 in the philanthropies aided by its profits, in 
 the dignity of its age and the quality of its 
 product, it represents brewing at its best. 
 Shortly after leaving the brewery I passed a 
 dingy saloon at No. 12 Aungier Street. It 
 occupied the ground floor of a three story 
 brick building, set into the wall of which was 
 a bust of Erin's sweetest singer, Thomas 
 Moore. It was his birthplace, now befouled 
 by the destroyer of genius. That night I saw 
 drunken women upon the street, and men 
 whose depleted attire and bloated faces 
 marked the track of the demon. Out of the 
 proceeds of the brewery and distillery, art 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 157 
 
 galleries are enriched, science is succored, 
 cathedrals are built, yet the bones of its vic- 
 tims are piling higher in the abyss, and the 
 blackness of despair engulfs the innocent and 
 the helpless. Burke, Balfe, Sheridan and many 
 others of world-wide reputation could be 
 added to the list of those who have helped to 
 make Dublin famous as the birthplace of 
 genius. Yet the brewery is no friend to brains. 
 To the Hill of Howth, northern sentinel of 
 the Dublin Bay, I would offer the tribute of 
 grateful memory. On a fair midsummer after- 
 noon I boarded a tram at the Nelson Pillar and 
 committed myself to its urban and suburban 
 windings for a nine mile ride to the terminus. 
 The tracks run close to the edge of the Bay 
 for almost the whole distance, affording a 
 most enjoyable view of the great waterway 
 approach to the capital with the protecting 
 walls and lights of the harbor. The tide was 
 out, and the hard clay of the bottom thus left 
 bare a few hours, was being utilized as a bicycle 
 track by spry young people returning from 
 their labors in the city. It required but the 
 passing of a few wheels over the bed of clay 
 to mark out an ideal course, smooth, hard and 
 dry, and there were many ready to take advan- 
 
158 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 tage of it. Having passed along Talbot Street 
 and North Strand and across Annesley Bridge, 
 and following the curve of the shore line, the 
 car made good progress toward Howth, passing 
 many pretty suburban homes and several 
 towns, the name of one of which is writ large 
 in the annals of Ireland. Clontarf! There is 
 energy in that word. It is thunderous with 
 the crashing of the battle axe and spear. You 
 who have forgotten the story of the Battle of 
 Clontarf will find excitement in the rereading 
 of the important chronicle. "The glorious day 
 of Clontarf" they call it, these writers of 
 things stranger than fiction. If the shedding 
 of blood and the conquest of enemies at high 
 cost can make glorious the day of enactment, 
 then that Good Friday of the year 1014 should 
 be chiseled high up on the granite of fame. 
 Brian Boru, King of all Ireland, white and 
 long of hair and beard, scarred with many 
 scars, sword in one hand, crucifix in other, 
 enthused his 20,000 followers with his passion- 
 ate appeal for "Faith and Fatherland." 
 Against the pagan Danes they fought with a 
 frenzy of religious and patriotic zeal. And on 
 that day ended the Danish power in Ireland. 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 159 
 
 Every chieftain remembered, no doubt, the call 
 ef their venerable leader : — 
 
 "Men of Erin! Men of Erin! grasp the 
 
 battle-axe and spear, 
 Chase these Northern wolves before you like 
 
 a herd of frightened deer! 
 Burst their ranks, like bolts from heaven! 
 
 Down on the heathen crew, 
 For the glory of the Crucified, and Erin's 
 glory too." 
 
 I tried to fancy the long line of Norse 
 galleys reaching almost to Howth from the 
 mouth of the Liffey, commanded by Admiral 
 Brodar. The fleet had entered the Bay on 
 Palm Sunday. When the line of battle was 
 formed its centre was at Clontarf. I tried to 
 picture in my mind the embattled host holding 
 the shore from Dublin to Dollymount. Men 
 they must have been of warlike mein, thick 
 bearded, flaxen haired, sinewy frames, lumpy 
 muscles, with the spirit of conquest in their 
 hearts, — mail-clad Norwegians, Baltic auxil- 
 iaries, British allies. Over against them, 
 northward, were the divisions of the Irish army 
 representing many counties and corners of the 
 country, all panting for the conflict. It began 
 early in the day and was a hand-to-hand 
 
160 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 combat wherein a soldier rushed at his enemy 
 and glared his hatred full to his face as he 
 swung the axe or drave the spear. I tried to 
 fancy it all, I say, bnt could not. It seemed 
 so utterly incomprehensible, so absolutely im- 
 possible, so severely incongruous. All that I 
 could see evidenced peace, industry, enter- 
 prise, enjoyment, life, — a tranquil bay rimmed 
 with quiet beauty, zephyr-stroked and sun- 
 kissed. 
 
 Arrived at Howth, I walked out upon the 
 great pier 2700 feet long, having a lighthouse 
 at the end, the keeper of which allowed me to 
 scan the sea with his powerful glass. About a 
 mile toward the north rose the rocky island 
 known as "Ireland's Eye," whereon could be 
 descried the ruins of an ancient chapel. In 
 the opposite direction the hill rose high behind 
 the town, the historic old Hill of Howth, cul- 
 minating in Slieve Martin, 560 feet above the 
 sea. There are many holy hills outside of 
 Palestine. In all countries and in every life's 
 experience there are Zions and Carmels and 
 Tabors and Hermons. To me Howth became 
 the Mount of Transfiguration, whereon I wit- 
 nessed a vision, the glory of which shines even 
 upon the page as I write. Tufted with fern 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE, 161 
 
 and fir and heather, haloed by the soft twi- 
 light and caressed by the gentlest of breezes, 
 the stern old promontory exuding the memo- 
 ries of millenniums was verily an inspired 
 prophet, making revelation of things that 
 were, of things that are, and are yet to be. 
 Before me lay the smooth, curving sea, like a 
 crystal bridge arching toward the happy island 
 yonder. To the left stretched the long, irregu- 
 lar line of the Irish coast, with Ireland's Eye 
 blinking in the deepening shadows, and the 
 amethystine sea horizoned by the turquoise 
 sky in the distance. Turning toward the right 
 I caught the sweep of the Dublin Bay with 
 the Wicklow Mountains rolling back south- 
 ward to meet the pink tinted clouds gathering 
 for their vesper devotions. A long black 
 smoke streak marked the course of a steamer 
 just entering the Bay, and the harbor lights 
 were beginning to appear for their night 
 watches. The sun had some time since dropped 
 behind the fringing hills, but was sending back 
 such brilliant beams of light that the hovering 
 clouds looked like angel bands in festal robes. 
 Never, even in the most gorgeous Oriental 
 silks, have such colors been woven into 
 textures made by hands. Edges of purest gold 
 
162 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 were there, framing clouds of brown, gray, 
 purple and blue, all suffused with the most 
 delicate and elusive pink, — a transparent veil 
 of glory thrown over glory's face. I expected 
 that in less than forty hours I would be sailing 
 in the direction of that declining sun, toward 
 the happy land which would catch its healing 
 light for hours after the valleys of old Ireland 
 were hidden in the night. I was all the more 
 impressionable, no doubt, on account of that 
 expectation. The peace of God was upon the 
 summit, and everywhere, and old Erin seemed 
 afloat upon a sea of pearl lifted free from the 
 billows of adversity to return to the depths no 
 more forever. 
 
XXI. COMPLETING THE CIECLE. 
 
 On the following day my route Lay through 
 County Wicklow, the "Garden of Ireland," 
 past the famous seaside resorts, Bray and 
 Greystones, Wicklow and its fine harbor, and 
 on along the Avonmore River, through the 
 Vale of Ovoca where meet the waters famed in 
 the verses of Moore : — 
 
 "There is not in this wide world a valley so 
 
 sweet 
 As the vale in whose bosom the bright waters 
 
 meet ; 
 Oh! the last rays of feeling and life must 
 
 depart, 
 Ere the bloom of that valley shall fade from 
 
 my heart." 
 
 — which same 'twould be a sin to omit from 
 any sensible book on Ireland. 
 
 No one would deny the beauty of the Meet- 
 ing Place of the Waters, and there are two 
 such places of either one of which Moore may 
 have written,— one where the Avonmore joins 
 the Avonberg and the other at Wooden Bridge 
 where the Aughrim and the Gold Mines meet 
 the Ovoca. I caught a glimpse of the rippling 
 
164 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 waters as they join company at Wooden 
 Bridge. It is a rich and lovely scene but not 
 more so, I think, than a thousand places un- 
 sung. The poet is a wand waver. His lovers 
 will look through the amber colored glasses of 
 their affection and behold in the scene exalted 
 by their singer a celestial charm otherwise un- 
 observed. Yet I would that such beatific 
 visions were more rather than less numerous, 
 and that every prospect might find its poet. 
 
 Turning for the moment from the considera- 
 tion of nature's garden array, I recall that the 
 man who shared my compartment and who 
 pointed out the reputed meeting place of the 
 waters, declared himself to be an advocate of 
 the Sinn Fein movement, in which subject I at 
 once became interested and started the inter- 
 rogative machinery at full pressure. He was a 
 well dressed man of perhaps forty-five years 
 of age, coal black hair and moustache, ex- 
 pressive eyes and pleasing voice. He was 
 taking his daughters, two beautiful little girls 
 hardly in their teens, for a visit to grandma's 
 at Wexford. Dear grandma, I opine, was joy- 
 ously anticipating their arrival, for better be- 
 haved little ladies never went on a vacation. 
 To understand the spirit and scope of various 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 165 
 
 present day parties and movements in Ireland 
 is not the simplest task in the world, but it is 
 essential to anything that approaches a fair 
 interpretation of Irish thought and aspiration. 
 How many of us in America, for instance, 
 could on the moment make clear the distinc- 
 tion between the policies of the Sinn Fein and 
 those of the Parliamentarians and the Union- 
 ists, or state the principles of the Gaelic 
 League? Mr. Redmond, Mr. O'Connor, and all 
 the other Irish M. P.'s are technically traitors 
 according to the doctrines of the Sinn Feiners. 
 By the same token every man in the country 
 who voted to send them to Parliament must be 
 traitors. For why? There is no lawful Union. 
 Parliament legislates for Ireland only by illegal 
 usurpation and is not to be recognized there- 
 fore by any true citizen of the sovereign State 
 of Ireland. This is the way the Constitution 
 begins : — 
 
 "The object of the National Council is the 
 re-establishment of the Independence of Ire- 
 land. The aim of the Sinn Fein Policy is to 
 unite Ireland on this broad National plat- 
 form — First, That we are a distinct nation; 
 Second, That we will not make any voluntary 
 agreement with Great Britain, until Great 
 
166 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 Britain keeps her own compact which she made 
 by the Renunciation Act of 1783, which en- 
 acted 'that the right claimed by the people of 
 Ireland to be bound only by laws enacted by 
 his Majesty and the Parliament of that King- 
 dom is hereby declared to be established, and 
 ascertained forever, and shall at no time here- 
 after be questioned or questionable. ' Third, 
 That we are determined to make use of any 
 powers we have, or may have at any time in 
 the future to work for our own advancement 
 and for the creation of a prosperous virile and 
 independent nation. " 
 
 "That the people of Ireland are a free 
 people and that no law made without their 
 authority or consent is or ever can be binding 
 on their conscience. " 
 
 Among other things the Sinn Fein Constitu- 
 tion provides for the protection of Irish indus- 
 tries and commerce, an Irish Consular Service, 
 an Irish Mercantile Marine, a National Bank, 
 a National Stock Exchange, a National Civil 
 Service. Branches of the organization are es- 
 tablished in England, Scotland and America, 
 as well as in twenty-five of the thirty-two 
 counties of Ireland. 
 
 The work of the Gaelic League is educa- 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 167 
 
 tional and industrial rather than political. It 
 is non-sectarian also, and all the more to be 
 praised on that account. It stands first for the 
 revival and preservation of the Irish language. 
 I doubt not, however, that in the wider sweep 
 of its growing energies it will touch the circle 
 of the Irish problem at many points. Over 900 
 branches are now affiliated with the Executive 
 Council, the required minimum membership of 
 a branch being fifteen. The League is but 
 sixteen years old. Dr. Douglas Hyde is its 
 honored president. 
 
 The longer I talked with my quasi in- 
 structor the more I realized that the causes of 
 Ireland's unrest are many, acting and reacting 
 upon each other— a tangle of causes not to be 
 stated in a sentence and not to be understood 
 in a day. Mad jerking does not unsnarl a 
 tangle. Slowly the fingers of wisdom, justice, 
 statesmanship and patriotism are loosening the 
 knots, and Ireland is being prepared for a visi- 
 tation of prosperity such as may atone in part 
 for past adversities. 
 
 A few hours at Waterford afforded oppor- 
 tunity for some hasty observations of the 
 streets, buildings and people of that famous 
 old town. Keginald, the Dane, built a tower 
 
168 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 in 1003, which still stands on the Mall, an 
 object of pride to the city and of profound 
 interest to the visitor. When first an English 
 king essayed to set the royal foot upon Irish 
 soil, he sailed up the Eiver Suir for some 
 fifteen miles from the harbor's mouth, and 
 stepped ashore at Waterford. To chronicle 
 all the tragic events in the history of Water- 
 ford from the days of King Henry would 
 require a patient pen and many pages. Far 
 more gracious is the privilege of calling to 
 mind the incidents of an afternoon's leisurely 
 stroll in and about the city. 
 
 The railway station is hard by the north 
 end of the long wooden bridge leading 
 to the main portion of the city on the 
 opposite side of the river. The bridge is 
 over 800 feet long and was built by 
 an American architect more than a hundred 
 years ago. It was evidently a good job, 
 well done and at a final cost considerably less 
 than the estimate. How such a thing could 
 ever have happened is probably a puzzle to 
 bridge builders the world around. Verily all 
 things are possible to an American. The view 
 from the bridge held me for some time in 
 rapt enjoyment. The slate-gray river swept 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 169 
 
 in a strong current beneath the bridge and on 
 towards its confluence with the Barrow. Ships 
 there were in plenty to take care of Water- 
 ford's large export trade. There was the great 
 quay and behind it tier after tier of stone 
 houses as the city rose toward the crest of the 
 kill. A most inspiring perspective of river and 
 mountain lay toward the southwest. Some 
 prize cattle were being led across the bridge, 
 proud, seemingly, of the honors won at the 
 animal fair then in progress. Bulls, cows, 
 sheep, pigs and horses, beautifully propor- 
 tioned and carefully groomed they were, sure 
 prize winners anywhere. Workmen were busy 
 repairing the planking. Loiterers gazed idly 
 into the river or sat lazily sunning themselves 
 upon the wooden benches that line the prome- 
 nade. Old men predominated. Down along 
 the quay could be seen the rounded walls of 
 Keginald's Tower, and out against the back- 
 ground of the hill, as in bold bas-relief, stood 
 slanting roofs and tapering steeples. Such 
 was my first glimpse of Waterford as it left its 
 outline upon my memory. 
 
 Later I indulged myself in a long walk out 
 over the hill beyond the town, in the course of 
 which I made the acquaintance of one of the 
 
170 AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 
 
 belles of Waterford — a very little belle to be 
 sure, but all the more interesting and none the 
 less a belle on that account. She was stylishly 
 gowned (fashions change) in a pink calico 
 dress. She had golden hair, uneducated, and 
 the kind of blue eyes the singers sing about. 
 She was somewhat crippled and wore neither 
 shoes nor stockings. I have said she was 
 small. I saw her trudging along ahead of me 
 up through the long hillside street, lugging a 
 basket of potatoes so heavy that she could 
 hardly lift it from the sidewalk. When I over- 
 took her I ventured to offer help, which she 
 accepted by simply letting go of the basket. I 
 picked it up and she limped along by my side, 
 evidently grateful for the assistance but too 
 bashful to say a word. I supposed it would be 
 a matter of a block or so, but it proved to be a 
 mile or more, I carrying the "praties" and 
 she just "taggin' on." We passed many 
 citizens who eyed me askance but offered no 
 word of comment. After a while I began to 
 wonder if I would have to adopt the child, 
 nobody seeming to own her, and calculated on 
 the basket as an asset in the account. Dis- 
 tances between houses grew wider and wider 
 and the street became a road before the little 
 
AROUND THE EMERALD ISLE. 171 
 
 pink lady indicated our arrival somewhere, 
 which she did by grabbing the basket and 
 disappearing through a gateway in a white- 
 washed wall, over which I could just see the 
 upper half of a neat little cottage. I had lost 
 both girl and potatoes and was conscious of 
 vague regret, for I had begun to enjoy the 
 silent companionship of the unfortunate child. 
 Many children find life an up hill climb, and 
 blessed are ye if ye lighten the load and 
 brighten the way for such a one. The little 
 girl cripple in the pink slip dress has become 
 to me a symbol of earth's trudge and drudge, 
 awaiting on every hillside the hand of help. 
 
 At a rather late hour that night I arrived 
 again at Queenstown, to sail the next morning 
 for the homeland. So the ends of the journey 
 came together, and I had completed a loop 
 "Around the Emerald Isle." 
 

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