if Wii: UlUt))!l)Mll(!lliMLiailni!Iii!|; UljU r I Mmm 'Mi\,;. „: niW' /;r'y I Pi IW- / S U f III 111 P til ^< » K Ui' rf!.f 1 |[; i!ii Lull J ^ Ir n /J^Ty^^^a^^^^jrie^ THE COUNTY AND CITY CORK REMEMBRANCER; OR ANNALS COUNTY AND CITY OF CORK. BY FRANCIS H. TUCKEY. WITH AN INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. CORK: OSBORNE SAVAGE AND SON, PATRICK STREET. MDCCCXXXVII. CORK: JACKSON, PRINTER, SOUTH MALL. etsTs r RE FACE. The design of tlie following -work was suggested by former publications of a similar character; in 1783 Mr. J.Fitzgerald published the first Cork Remembrancer; in 1792, Mr. A. Edwards published the second ; the present attempt is the third. We believe our city has furnished the only examples of such compilations. Indeed our predecessors in this path, accompanied their local anecdotes with a general chronicle of the world, which, however, we have rejected from oiu* plan, as being rather inappropriate. Our book is therefore, for the most part, a mere collection of trilling incidents, vvliich occurred in the city and county of Cork ; but frivolous as the facts detailed, may appear to many, they often present more vivid images of other times, than graver details; similar trifles of our own time fi.nd their places in the newspapers, and are allowed to be, at least, amusing ; and although those of other times lose part of their attractions by their remoteness, they yet derive from the same source, an interest of another kind, and may Avell claim a compiler's labour. The introductory essay prefixed to the "work, is, in a great measure, an attempt to deduce important truths from trivial facts. Some of its conclusions will probably be found to have been hastily formed, and many valuable points of view may have been overlooked ; but " non omnia jwssumus omnes.''^ It is hoped that some interest has been imparted to the subject by the manner in v.hich it has been treated. Subjoined is an appendix of documents, abstracts, lists &c., most of which have, at least, the merit of novelty, and may prove acceptable to some of our readers. ^ vjf c! t) SUBSCRIBERS' NAMES. Adams, Roger Allen, Henry, Cloyne-house Armstrong, Rev. Dr. Dublin Armstrong, John do. Armstrong, John Strong, do. Atkins, George Auchmuty, Miss, Dubliti Barber, Osborne Edward Barry, G. Standish, M.r. Lemlara Bastable, Daniel, Dublin Beamish, George, do. Beamish, Rev. Samuel Beamish, John Newman Becher, Rich.H. Hedges, Hollybrook Bennett, B.. Deputy Recorder of Coi'k Bennett, William Colburn Berkeley, Major-general, Clifton Berkeley, Robert J. Dublin, 2 copies Besnard, Julius Caesar Besnard, John, Jim. Sunday' s-well Bowden, R. W. Bowen, John, Oakgrove Bradford, William Brady, Rev. F. Temple, Bandon Browne, Henry, Yonghal Bull, Joshua, Cittadella Bull, James, Bullen, John Bushe, the Lord Chief Justice, 2 copies Bushe, Rev. Charles, Castlehaven Butt, George, m.d, Cloyne Carmichael, Andrew, Dublin Carnegie, James, North Esk, 3 copies Carr, Robert, Casey, Mrs. Chatterton, Sir William A. Bart. Chatterton, J. C. Lieut. -col. 4th D.G. Chatterton, James, Ballina?nou(//it Cleary, Simon Cogan, James Carr Colburn, John Connellan, Daniel Coppinger, William R. Corker, Frederick Ware Corker, Thomas Ware Cork Library, Cotter, Rev. John R. Innoshannon Cotter, Rev. George E. Glenvieio Cotter, Richard Baily Cotter, Nelson, K. Dublin Cotter, John, AsJiton Cotter, George Sackville Cramer, John T. Rathmore Creagh, Michael, Dublin, 3 copies Crofts, Rev. William, Rathpcacon Croly, Daniel Crooke, Richard Cummins, Nicholas Curtis, Joseph Lindsay Curtis, M.D. SUBSCKIBERS NAMES. Davies, riovvlanj Davis, R. G. Dnwidiah, Killeagh Davis, Mrs. T. Dublm, 3 uopios Daunt, George, Neuhoroiigh Daunt, William Dawson, William Deane, William Deaves, Thomas • Denny, James Dovvden, Richanl R. Sunday' s-ivell Dowlin, John Dunscombe, Nicholas, Mount Desert Dunscombe, Nicholas Dunscombe, Thomas Shaw Easton, William Edden, R. W. Egan, Rev. John Egan, Carbery Evans, James Evans, Thomas R. Evans, Julius BesnarJ, m.d. Exham, Richard, Sen. Exham, Richard, Jun. Exham, Thomas Eyre, Robt. Hedges, Macroom Castle Fagan, William, Feltrlm Fairtlough, Rev. S. Ayhena) ib. (3) ib. XIV INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. To suppress in some degree the disorders of the county, the government promoted a sort of patriarchal system, copied no doubt from the Irish customs ; thus the king granted licence to Gerald Caunton to chastise those of his family for whose good behaviour he would stand security; and when they afterwards invaded and plundered the loyal men of the county of Cork, he was com- manded by government to cause restitution to be made, and to chastise those who were culpable, according to his licence :(i) thus also David Roche was authorized to arrest all insurgents of his surname and lineage, and to imprison and judge them. (2) By giving such powers to great men, the government preserved them as allies, and maintained the semblance of its authority. The important office of sheriff of the county, was usually com- mitted to one of the most powerful inhabitants, chiefly of the family of Barry, who in return for the additional power thus conferred on him, was induced to lend his own influence for the collection of the king's revenue, and the support of his nominal superiority against actual insurgents ; but in the enforcement of order amongst the great men themselves, or in the execution of law process, was neither able nor perhaps willing to afford much assistance. In fact, against those who chose to set the law at defiance, the govern- ment could only act as a separate power, and make reprisals ; thus Reynaud Caunton having imprisoned Barry and Staunton, two "magnates" of this county, his son and kinsman were seized by government as hostages to induce the enlargement of Barry and Staunton. (3) We find an instance of a felon committed to the Cust^^J of a bishop of Cork; (*> from which we may infer that the felon was a powerful man, and that the bishop, from his sacred character, was considered better able to secure his prisoner than the sheriff, who Was more liable to be attacked by the felons partizans. However for the better securing the persons of powerful felons of this county, they were frequently placed in the custody of the mayor and bailiffs of the city of Cork, which was a fortified place, secure from attack. ^^^ Nevertheless, there were in those times regularly appointed conservators of the peace in the different cantreds of this county: (l)Kot. Caiic. (2)ib. (3)ib, (4) ib. (5) ib. INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. XV part of their duty was to array all able bodied men of their respective cautreds, for the suppression of private wars between the great men, and the punishment of idle soldiers who plundered and murdered through the county. (U But this was a weak provision and produced no amendment. The lords of the county were gradually weakened by their mutual broils : at last those who were worsted availed themselves of the assistance of the Irish ; and these latter finding the oppor- tvinity favourable, contrived eventually to expel many of the English and repossess themselves of their lands, but pursued a system of barbarous and bloody warfare, murder, and robbery : and the English who remained, following the same courses, and adopting the laws and customs of the Irish, the whole county was reduced to a state of anarchy. Peculiar hostility was directed against the the loyal and peaceable towns, whose inhabitants, shut up within their walls, their lands wasted, their trade destroyed, were reduced to poverty and almost ruined ; and so desperate was their condition, and so little help did they expect from the king's government, that as a last resource, the people of Cork, Youghal and Kinsale, pe- titioned the administration, representing their miserable condition, requesting that they might be furnished with competent com- manders, and promising that if this I'equest were granted, they would rise at their own expense against the lords and chieftans, and punish their enormities ; but if it should be refused (as they plainly expected,) they threatened to complain to the government in England. * But the English pale, a district of about twenty miles round Dublin, was as much as the government could hold in subjection. We are accustomed to imagine that the wars with France di\'erted the attention of England from this country ; but it is likely that under any circumstances, little at that time could have been done * This letter was addressed to the earl of Rutland and Cork, in the reign of Henry IV. Cox suggests that this must have occurred some years later, when the duke of York, who had also the above titles, was chief governor. But it is unlikely that he would be addressed by his inferior titles ; and the person here meant was probably Richard Plantagenct, earl of Rutland and Cork, who lived at the earlier period. (])Rot. Cane. XVI INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. towards the reduction of Ireland. The English armies were led out by feudal lords, who expected advantages to themselves from war. France was an improved kingdom, where victory might be followed by the submission of a people, civilized, accustomed to the comforts of life, and afraid of a renewal of their calamities ; where valuable estates might be enjoyed, or where at all events plunder and rich ransoms might be hoped for. Ireland was a country in the lowest state of poverty. The English nation had greatly improved in comfort and civilization since the time of Henry II, and would not be so easily captivated with barbarous regions, as their ances- tors in that king's reign ; neither would they find the Irish so wholly unacquainted with improved methods of fighting. Nothing could be expected from plunder: the country was so intersected with woods and bogs, and the bodies of the Irish were so hardy and active, that a victory over them was attended with no con- siderable result: most of them could escape to inaccessible places: war could neither impoverish nor incommode them ; it was their pastime, and though they were not steady in battle, they were ever ready to renew it. This was well known to their English adver- saries, who worn out with toil and attacked with diseases, and seeing no advantage to be gained by a continuance of hostilities, were ever ready to accept their faithless submissions ; while they, enjoying themselves in their woods and morasses, would wait for favourable opportunities, and suddenly issue from their retreats, reiterate their outrages, and devastate those lands which the English had spent so much blood and treasure in acquiring. To reduce the Irish at that time, would have demanded the power of a wealthy and despotic government, which in imitation of the Homans, could establish fortified military stations at small intervals, through the country, keeping them well garrisoned, under governors invested with arbitrary and absolute power, and taking care to ensure regular supplies of provisions by the help of a standing army. But the English had no idea of a government founded on any but feudal principles : any other was contrary to the ideas of the times ; and even if it were suggested, it would in the first outlay, have proved far too expensive for the pecuniary resources of those times. If any mode of reducing Ireland to law and order, were deemed at all feasible, there can be no doubt that the imperious spirit of Henry VIII. furnished as he was with power and resources, would INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. XYll have required something more than empty acknowledgments of his superiority. We cannot argue its feasibihty from the success of the first adventurers, for the Irish had not then the use of arms ; nor from the final success of EHzabeth, for many circumstances of the country were then changed; it was become more accessible by the destruction of woods •/ the inhabitants in many parts were improved in comforts and civilization, and could feel some love of quiet, and some willingness to acquiesce after defeat, as the least of two evils. But notwithstanding these encreased facilities, such were the long duration and enormous expense of these wars, that if the queen could have foreseen them, there can be little doubt, that,rather than encounter them, she would have made almost any concessions to the natives. To form a true idea of the impracticability of the Irish, we should think of the Caff'res and Ashantees of the present day, and ask ourselves, whether the whole force of the British empire could bring them to submit to law and order, before the lapse of many generations, and whether it would be worth our while to attempt with them, what the English are blamed for not attempting in Ireland. It is the fashion also to repi'oach the English with refusing the benefits of English law to the Irish races. They had however the best reasons for their conduct. Though the Irish may have occasionally shewn a readiness to receive the benefits of English laws, they had no idea of incurring their obligations. This was well known to their opponents, who clearly saw that if men of their ungovernable natures were allowed the advantage of legal forms, their outrages must have gone unpunished : even in civilized communities, martial law, or some sort of summary proceeding is sometimes found expedient; but against the Irish it was of indispensible necessity, for the preservation of existence ; and besides it is a fact that Irishmen found no difficulty in obtain- ing special grants of the right to use English laws : the rolls of chancery are full of such grants, many of them made to persons of inferior condition. Mr. Hallam is of opinion that the government however willing to make English laws general, was restrained by the selfish policy of the powerful lords of English race ; quite forgetting that if the Irish really wished to receive and abide by (1) Moryson. 2 XVlll INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. those laws, their power being a full counterpoise to that of the others, could effectually have supported the government in that or any other equitable measure. In tnith the government was restrained only by deference for the opinion of parliament : it was not until the Irish were totally broken, that this measure could safely be attempted ; and then it was accomplished by a mere judgment of the king's bench, without considting parliament at all. The adoption of Irish laws and customs by the English race, has been called degeneracy by writers of subsequent times, who attended only to the coexistence of disorder and anarchy with these customs ; but they were probably as conducive to civility, as the feudal law, administered by petty rulers unrestrained by any common sovereign. Even in England where the crown was comparatively powerful, the picture of manners is by no means flattering. The nobles were the chief perpetrators and abettors of crime, and so numerous and powerful were malefactors in the reign of Edward I., that the ordinary ministers of justice, (like the coroners of the county of Cork,) were afraid to execute their office, and the king was obliged to adopt an extraordinary remedy for the evil.C^ But to descend much later; even in the reign of Richard II., there were general confederacies in crime formed by the nobility, and pardons were extorted from the king for the most enormous crimes. C"^) Hume observes that during the wars of the roses, all we can distinguish with certainty through the dark cloud which covers that period, is a scene of horror and bloodshed, savage manners, arbitrary executions, and treacherous dishonorable conduct in all parties. Much as we may condemn the arbitrary government of the Tudors, it seems to have been the means by which civilization made its principal advances among the English. In Ireland that family never gained any encrease of authority in civil government ; and to this we may attribute the distraction and bloodshed which prevailed in the greater part of the country until the close of the reign of Elizabeth. During all that period no law existed but that of the sword : the grand pursuit of hfe was the plunder of cattle, the burning of houses, and the murder of their hmiates; and so incorrigible did the inhabitants appear, that (1) Hume. (2) ib. INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. XIX St. Leger, who held an important command in this country in the reign of Henry VIII., gravely discusses in one of his despatches, the propriety of endeavouring to exterminate the Irish, but concludes it to be impossible, chiefly on account of their amazing faculty of enduring calamities and privations.* The lords of both races were both actors and abettors in the enormities that were committed : cattle were the great object of plunder : and as they were almost the only sort of moveable property, scarcely any other sort of theft was known. To protect their cattle, and probably also that of their tenants, seems to have been a principal object with the lords and gentry. A great castle with its ballium, like those of the Anglo-Normans, would not have answered this purpose, as it would aflbrd refuge only to the cattle of its neighbourhood. Hence we find the whole county studded with castles of a small size : the barony of Fermoy, formerly the property of the lords Roche, is very full of them, and this was probably the reason why Sydney found it in the reign of Elizabeth, the best inhabited part of the county of Cork. These castles are said to be so placed that each is visible to those next it, forming a chain of signal towers : We have ourselves, in passing through that district observed three to which this remark is applicable. The castle of Ballincolly, about five miles westward of the city of Cork, is an interesting specimen of such castles. The ballium or bawn is of an irregular shape, adapted to the rocky elevation on which it stands, and consists of a strong wall nearly five feet thick, and about fifteen feet high, enclosing a space of from seventy to a hundred feet across ; the space on the top was defended by a parapet; there were flights of steps leading to it in different places ; the wall near these steps being much thicker than else- w'here, to afford room to those passing on the top ; at the bottom of the parapet are small holes for shooting through, and larger ones near the ground. The u.se of flanking towers seems to have been hardly known to the builder ; there is however one at the south east corner, but weak and ill adapted to the purpose, and a smaller one near it, whose use is not easily conjectured. In the north wall which is on the top of a rock, are three handsome high * State papers. XX INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. cut stone loop holes, one of them double,* Through these it was probably intended to enjoy the prospect during intervals of quiet, as well as to annoy besiegers at other times. It is remark- able that this wall is so constructed in its whole extent, as to incline and overhang somewhat towards the inside : the area within is in its natural state, rocky and very uneven : the tower or keep (if it deserves the name) stands at one side within the enclosure, and was built without any view towards strength, the chief reliance seeming to be placed in the strength of the outer wall : it is nearly square, about sixty feet high, and aboiit fifteen in diameter ; all the floors are of stone on solid arches, as a preser- vative against fire : in order to support them, the two walls on which they rest are much thicker than the others : the stair-case is spiral, and so narrow, that it rather resembles a chimney ; and the rooms are so small, that it is hard to conceive how persons of any consideration could endure such a residence : they are wholly destitute of windows, even to the top, and the extremely narrow loop holes are hardly sufficient to admit air enough for breathing. There was evidently however, a hexagonal sti-ucture near the tower, partly formed by a projection of the wall of the ballium, and furnished with a window : this may have been the hall where guests were entertained. A large mass of the wall of this latter building, about five or six feet thick, was lately overthrown, (evidently by gun-powder) : other parts also were injured; but it was found more advantageous to procure stones from the adjacent rock. Such seems to have been the style of most of these castles, though the bawns were usually square and were better flanked : the masonry is generally compact and firm, but the stones are of very moderate size ; in many instances the towers only remain, and they closely resemble that which we have been describing, but are generally larger and stronger, the walls being commonly about four feet thick. Kilgobbin castle on the Bandon river is a fine tower, thirty feet by thirty-two, and about ninety feet high : it * Mr. R. O'Callaghan Newenham, in his Views in Ireland, represents them as Gothic windows. He also represents a high buttress at one of the corners of the tower, which never had existence. In his view of Glanworth castle, the central tower is more than twice as high as the reality. He co- pied probably from some old sketch takcu when the tower was perfect. INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. XXI contains only two vaulted floors; hence the rooms are very lofty. The walls are five feet and a half thick, at a height of six feet from the ground. These towers usually stand alone, at a distance from towns, and from their height and lonelines-s, present a striking and melancholy picture of a former state of society. Some of the great lords however had castles of much larger size; MacCarthy huilt Kilcrea and Blarney castles in the fifteenth century. The towers of these remain perfect; the latter is a quadrangle of sixty- five feet by thirty-nine, and about eighty feet high, with projecting machicolated battlements; but it is almost as ill provided with air and light as the smallest; all the loop-holes are very narrow, and a small window was admitted at only one side, which stands on the brink of a precipice. The other fortifications of this castle were destroyed by king William's army. It is stated in Pacata Hibernia, that its walls were eighteen feet thick; but these may have been ramparts. We may presume that the ballium or bawn was formerly an appendage, or rather an essential part of every castle ; but from the disappearance of the bawns of many, it seems probable that they were often slightly built, particularly if the tower itself were strong; perhaps indeed they were often mere earthworks, within which cattle might be driven for safety, the tower (if strong) being- relied on for the final defence of the garrison : at least we know that it was not unusual to form earthworks round villages, for the protection of cattle. ^'-^ In the ruined tower at Keen, opposite Castle-Townsend, there is a very curious contrivance for annoying assailants who might come so close as to be secure from the shot of the loopholes ; there is a gradual depression in the wall, commenc- ing about five feet from the ground, and shaped like a vertical angle, the vertex opening into the second room of the tower, by a hole at the first vault, through which men at arms in that room could annoy all persons close to the walls. Notwithstanding the comparative order and peace which for several years succeeded the civil wars of Elizabeth, the uncom- fortable habitations which we have been describing continued to be made use of so late as 1644, when BouUaye le Gouz, a French- man, travelled in Ireland, — we shall give his description hereafter. (1) Stut. 36, Henry G, Chap. 2. XXU INTRODUCTORY ESSAY, However, a much more extensive and improved style of building was introduced in the reign of Elizabeth, as appears from the instance of Kanturk castle, of which Smith gives two views. Mount Long castle, built in 1631, according to a date visible in the stucco some years ago, and Burn Court castle in the county of Tipperary, forfeited in the year 1641, were smaller buildings of nearly the same kind ; both were quadrangles with square towers at the corners, but all the walls, both of the central building and the towers, were sui'mounted by gables, to the great detriment of their aj^pearance. These castles were without any contrivance for defence, except that in the first there were wide loop holes instead of windows in the basement story, and also in some of the gables ; at Mountlong the windows of the central room of the first floor are divided into six compartments of stone, and the castle to a near observer has a remarkably striking appearance, partly arising from its plan, and partly from the strength and plain beauty of the cut stone work ; the building has however been so weakened by some person who lately forced away the oaken lintels, that it cannot be expected to stand much longer: one of the towers has fallen. The loop-holes and com- partments of the windows were further narrowed with iron bars : the cornice of the principal room is ornamented with figures, representing scriptural subjects and field sports ; there remains a half-burned lintel, which in some degree countenances a tradition, that the owner Mr. Long, having sustained a defeat, his daughter in despair set fire to the castle. Monkstown castle, built in 1638, is on a nearly similar plan ; it is furnished with machicolations at the tops of the corners. Carrigrohane castle was a large house with four gables and large windows, but was defended at the top of two of the corners by projections, perforated with round holes for small arms. Ballea castle, forfeited in 1641, is of irregular shape like the portion of a rectangle called the gnomon : at present it greatly resembles an ordinary old fashioned house with gables ; it was however defended with rude machicolations at the corners, two of which remain ; the windows are said to have been formerly very small ; but by their enlargement and the addition of others, it has become a good house. There were no vaulted floors in these castles : the walls were about four feet thick. White castle near Kinsale, is stated in Lewis's topographical dictionary to have INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. XXIU been built in 1497; this date must ajjply to some former building, for the ruins which remain are those of a small ordinary house, furnished with machicolations like the others. "\\'e confess we have examined closely very few of the castles of this county, of which Smith enumerates three hundred and sixty; but we think we have seen enough to justify the general conclu- sions which we have arrived at, regarding their construction ; and we are not without hopes that this work may stimulate others to contribute towards preserving from oblivion those numerous evidences of a very peculiar state of society; not by the publication of inaccurate views, intended only for picturesque effect, such as have hitherto almost exclusively appeared ; but by accurate repre- sentations, with plans explahiing their size, strength, and construction, and the probable purposes of each part, such as may throw light on the modes of life pursued by their inmates. The plates in Pacata Hibernia should never be depended on as repre- sentations of the buildings intended. They seem to have been roughly sketched from memory ; thus in the plan of Castle ni Park, are represented two tall narrow towers, though in fact they are nearly of a cubical shape, being still partly complete to the parapet. They are quadrangles of thirty feet by twenty- five,* and about twenty-five or thirty feet high ; their walls are four feet thick ; they are pierced with loop-holes, and served to flank a sort of barrack, sixty feet long and about fifty broad, consisting of buildings round three sides of a very small court yard, which in the above plan is represented as very large, while in the same plan the buildings to make room for it, appear most incorrectly contracted to very narrow dimensions. The whole is surrounded with ramparts thirteen feet thick, defended by four bastions, each of which has only one flank; but the parapets on the faces of the bastions at the other sides were pierced with oblique loop-holes, as a substitute for other flanks. The angles of the bastions are rounded at the extremities. The whole is faced with a wall three feet thick, the parapet being a foot and a half thick. The large works which encompass the above, though represented in Pacata Hibernia, were not in existence 'till after the wars related in that work. They have * In giving measurements, we disregard fractious of a foot. XXIV INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. all the appearance of having never been finished, though we believe Smith somewhere states the contrary. Two of the bastions and the intervening curtain shew the remains of a thick stone facing ; but as some of the spaces between this and the earthen mound are not filled up, and as no traces of a wall are perceptible in the other parts, we conclude that the works never were finished. We are the moi"e minute in describing these particulars, in order to shew the incorrectness of the views in Pacata Hibernia ; and because it is probable that Castle ni Park is the oldest instance of the use of bastions in Ireland. It seems to have been a fortification belonging to the town of Kinsale. There is a narrow fosse or passage, protected by walls of earth, leading from it to the edge of Kinsale harbovu-, where there stands a curious fortification, consisting chiefly of a platform defended by a very thick wall, with large intervals for great guns. There is here also a curious vaulted apartment mider the side of the hill. We may take this opportunity to observe, that Smith's descriptions are very incorrect. He tells us that BallincoUy castle was flanked with towers at each angle. His account of Glanworth castle is a piece of gross exaggeration. The invention of cannon has rendered castles almost useless for defence ; but cannon did not make their appearance in Ireland before the close of the fifteenth century; and for a long time afterwards could be little used in so impassable a country. From this cause castles were considered available for defence until the wars of 1641, when their untenableness became apparent; yet if we consider the magnitude of those purposes to which iron is applied in the present day, it seems not very Utopian to look forward to the time, when a small iron castle of suitable construc- tion, may be found to be as tenable as stone castles formerly were, or even more so. The Earl of Desmond, whose territories comprized a third part of the county of Cork, was the first of English race who avowedly threw off the English government; having a palatine jurisdiction over his estates, his authority became enormous : he assumed the state of an independent sovereign, and refused to attend the parliaments of the Kingdom. The influence of his successors continued to encrease, until at last it seemed to overspread the greater part of this county. Sir Henry Sidney gives a lamentable INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. XXY description of the state of this part of the kingdom in tlie year 1567. The villages were burned; the churches ruined; the bones of those who had died by murder or famine lay in the fields. Even the principal inhabitants seemed reduced to great misery. They had, however, little idea of cultivated life : the example of lord Louth, who accompanied Sidney to Cork in 1575, did much to persuade them "to leave their barbarity, and to be ashamed of their wilful misery." "They seemed" says Sidney, "in all appearance, generally to loathe their vile and barbarous manner of life." Indeed most of those of English race, would at all times have been glad to embrace English laws and manners, if in so doing they could obtain the protection of govemment.O Deprived of this, they were fain to seek such protection as Irish law might afford, by conforming to the habits of their too power- ful neighbours. The principal towns of Ireland were founded by the Danes or Ostmen ; we may suspect that others had a similar origin from their hostility towards the inhabitants of the country, which seems to have been transmitted to them from the earliest times. We are told that the city of Cork was a marshy island, which the Danes took possession of, and surrounded with walls ; l)ut it is also asserted that it took its rise from a school or monastery established by saint Finbarr, at lough Eire, in the sixth century,* to which such numbers flocked from all parts, that it changed a desert as it were into a large city. The south-west suburb of Cork is at present only about one hundred yards distant from a small lake called "the lough"'; and in the same quarter of the city, on a rising ground, stands the cathedral church of saint Finbarr, at no great distance from the lough, and very near the river Lee, which encompasses the flat part of the city. The vicinity of a number of marshy islands * St. Nessau who was educated at this school under St. Finbarr, died according to the annals of the four masters in 551. Ware tells us that St. Colman, whose father Lenin was a discii)le of Finbarr, died in 604. These dates seem to agree pretty accurately as to the time when St. Finbarr flour- ished. Yet Ware in another place says, that he founded the cathedral of Cork in the early part of the 7th century — a date which we may fairly reject as many years too late. (1) State papers, anno. 1515. 3 XXVI INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. might have given a name to the city:* indeed part of it might have been built on them before the arrival of the Danes : however, a colony of that people, in the ninth century, took possession of a portion of these marshes, and surrounded it with walls, and the importance thus given to the place was perhaps sufficient to extend its name to the other part, even though it bore a different name before. That there was a settlement of the natives on the hill before the arrival of the Danes, seems to be confirmed by the fact, that a round towerf formerly stood near the cathedral ; for it is generally admitted, that these towers were built by the natives; if it required, any further proof, we might adduce the case of the round tower of Glendalough, in the coimty of Wicklow, which stands in a bleak barren spot in a hollow of the mountains, where no foreigners would dare to settle, exposed as they would be to perpetual incursions of the natives, descending from an unknown and inaccessible country, and removed to a distance from naviga- tion and commerce. * The word Cork signifies a marsh. f Of all the conjectures which have been hazarded respecting the uses of these towers, that which supposes them to have been built as an abode for anchorites, seems to us the most extraordinary. All other abodes in this country were of timber, a material which we presume would last as long as any anchorite. It is said that they could not have been built for beacons, as they are generally in low situations ; this supposes that beacons could only be intended for conveying intelligence to distant parts, like modern tele- graphs; but they might answer very useful though much less extensive purposes. We know that the natives were continually engaged in petty wars with each other, and that petty marauding expeditions were very frequent. Under such circumstances the people would naturally live in towns and villages for mutual protection, and one of the most desirable provisions for their security would be the early and certain intelligence of the approach of enemies. Their village would be built for the sake of water, good soiL and shelter, in the low grounds, concealed we may suppose, by woods, from the surrounding country. During the day the inhabitants would be scattered through their lands, attending to their flocks and herds, or their sports, while in the mean time their habitations, attacked by a party of enemies, might be burned, their wives, children, and effects destroyed or carried off before any preparations could be made for defence. They probably had neither the knowledge nor the means necessary for surrounding their settlements with walls : these too would require to be defended by a large and permanent body of townsmen remaining within ; and this would not have suited the manners of the Irish, who followed no mercantile or sedentary pursuits. Watch INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. XXVll It appears that at the time of the EngUsh invasion, Cork consisted of two separate towns, one being the original settlement of the natives, on the hill to the south of the river, where the round tower stood; and the other being the fortified island, inhabited by the Danes or Ostmen : for king Henry's grant before alluded to, mentions the Ostmen of the city of Cork, and the cantred of land belonging to them. They were therefore a separate community, distinct from the rest of the townsmen. This will reconcile the account of the city being built and fortified by the Ostmen, with the other accounts whifch we possess of Cork being the capital city of MacCarthy, prmce of Desmond, and of its being sacked by the Danes long after it is said to have been built and fortified by them : as we can understand these latter facts to be related of the town on the hill belonging to the Irish, which, be it obsen'ed, was in after times called old Cork, as appears from the map in Pacata Hibernia, where the cathedral is called "the cathedral church of old Cork"; but the island only towers were therefore necessary for their safety : they were built in the village itself, however low its situation, in order to be used in the place where intelligence of the approach of enemies must first arrive : they were high enough to overtop all the trees, so that signals might be seen and trumpets clearly heard from them, at a sufficient distance round the village, to recal the scattered inhabitants : they were all provided with four apertures at the top, from which the announcements could be made : they were built of solid masonry to resist assaults, and the entrance was placed at a considerable height from the ground for the security of those within, who could at their leisure beat off all attempts to enter, or destroy those entering, with stones. Meantime the inhabitants would pour in from all sides, to attack the enemy, and save or recapture their goods and families. If the attack were made on cattle grazing at a distance, or on parties of the inhabitants, instead of on the villages, the village itself was the most central point for a general muster, and therefore in all cases the most proper site for the tower. Trumpets have been dug up in some of the towers; these instruments, according to the foregoing hypothesis, were better adapted for conveying intelligence than signals ; for the height of the tower would prevent the sound from being suppressed, while the view of it would, in many places, be intercepted by distant trees ; but both might be available. Bells also might have been used with advan- tage, if the inhabitants possessed them. These towers might have been useful for defence against the Danes, as long as that people made their incur- sions in moderate numbers. It is possible that the villages might have been surrounded by embankments, in which case the whole would closely resemble the castles which wc have described above. XXVm INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. being fortified, and defended by the river, it was the only part which subsisted in 1545, according to the map of tlie city in that year, annexed to this work ; the part called old Cork, with the exception of the cathedral, having probably been destroyed long before by the wars of the neighbouring lords. The Danes being probably acquainted by their experience abroad, with the best mode of fortifying themselves, surrounded their settlements with walls. At one tune they succeeded in subduing the whole of Ireland; but they were afterwards conquered in the country parts, and were able to maintain only their fortified towns, with more or less extent of territory. They formed however, potent septs in themselves, at various times, according to their power and temporary success ; and their governors or kings, as they called them, were deemed suitable alliances for the great native families: but their communities becoming gradually weaker, and applying themselves to commerce, they found it advisable to live as far as possible in peace with the natives; and as their kings had probably been only military conmianders, the towns at last became little republics, and were sometimes at war, and sometimes in alliance with the natives, and sometimes tributary to them; but were always of more relative importance in the country, than the towns of most other parts of Europe. These latter owed the rise of their importance to the patronage of their kings, who, wishing to rear a counterpoise to the power of the barons, raised the towns- men from the former servitude in which the lords had held them, and granted them immunities and domestic jurisdictions. A sense of their own importance was consequently of very slow growth : their representatives in the parliament of England continued to a very late period in great awe and submission to the will of their superiors ; but in Ireland the origin and subsequent state of their independence being totally different, their comparative importance in the social scale was much greater, as will presently appear; though at the time of the English invasion, having been settled in the country for some centuries, and being then engaged in the peaceable pursuits of trade, and accustomed only to the warfare of the natives, they were remarkably deficient in the means of resis- tance. We find the men of Cork attacking the English with spades and stones ; and it is not to be wondered at, that they were easily subjected with the rest of the country : yet as their avoca- INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. XXIX tions were peaceable, and required protection and security, they found no ditliculty in acknowledging their dependance on the king of England, having been accustomed at various times to acknowledge the superiority of the neighbouring chiefs. They seem to have willingly transferred their allegiance from the one to the other, and were soon amalgamated with the English settlers, who were originally of the same race as themselves. However, the disorders of the country parts being unfavorable to their prosperitv, and growing worse in succeeding times by the laxity and weakness of government, the old hostility which the towns bore to the inhabitants of the country was perpetuated. The protection which they expected from the English power was with-held, and they were again thrown upon their own resources, as before the arrival of the English. Union and good order and their walls enabled them to secure themselves against the barbarous lords of the country ; but their lands were wasted, their traffic with the country interrupted, those who dared to trade with them were put out of the protection of their lords, and were consequently robbed and murdered with impunity. Trade and commerce were by these means discouraged, and the towns kept in comparative poverty. Under such circumstances it is not possible that they should regard the inhabitants of the country in any other light than as objects of abhorrence and contempt, as well as of fear : no reverence for territorial aristocracy could be known in their communities ; and the remarkable letter of the citizens of Cork, already mentioned, shews that they regarded the lords and chiefs of the county as the chiefs of savage tribes in foreign countries are at tl:iis day regarded by civilized settlers on their coasts. The free spirit communicated to the towns by their independent existence at various times, and their frequent hostilities as separate states with the territorial lords, and by their having always enjoyed the direction of their internal government, however they might have been occasionally tributary, is the only principle by which we can account for the deference with which they were treated by the early English government. It was always thought necessary to ask their consent to the imposition of taxes, many years too before similar respect was shewn to the towns of England. — In 1201, king John issued writs, humbly intreating a parlia- mentary subsidy from, 'amongst others,) the knights, citizens, XXX INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. merchants, and burgesses throughout Ireland/') In 1244, an equaHzation of weights and measures in all the cities and towns of Ireland was directed; but for effecting it, the justiciar was ordered first to call a council of all the discreet burgesses of Ireland/2^ In 1254, the queen regent issued a writ, humbly beseeching a subsidy, and addressed to (among others) the citizens and burgesses of Ireland. This was eleven years before the occuiTence of any similar mention of the commons in England, and furnished Petyt with an argument in favor of the antiquity of their authority in that kingdom, which could not, he conceived, have been of later growth than in Ireland, However, this pre- tension has long been universally abandoned by English writers, who are now content to date the first appearance of the commons in parliament in the year 1265. A statute was passed in 1269, by the three estates in Ireland, for regulating weigbts and mea- ures. In 1275, the justiciar of Ireland was directed to induce the different estates of parliament, including the commons and merchants, hij such means as should appear most likely to succeed, to grant certain customs on goods. '3; The word " parliament" originally meant "a parley," because the king or his ministers was obliged to parley or negociate with the commons about supplies. Thus Thomas de Clare, and John de Saundford, the escheator of Ireland, were directed in 1282, to hold a conference and treaty (colloquium et tractatum) in the king's name, with the abbots, priors, and other religious men ; with the citizens, burgesses, merchants and communities of the cities, boroughs, and trading towns of Ireland, and with certain other persons named, respecting the granting of a loan of money for the king's use, either separately or conjointly, accord- ing to the ability oi' the persons or communities, and to admonish and induce them to it, in the most diligent and cautious manner they couldX^^ The following curious account of the proceedings of a parley or parliament is preserved among the records. In the year 1300, letters were issued requesting a subsidy to carry on war against (1) Gale's corporate system — appendix. The words are " non consuetud- inarie sed aniabiliter rogamus," &c. (2) ib. (3) ib. (4) ib. INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. XXXI the Scots : a writ of summons was addressed to all the nobles, requiring their personal and pecuniary aid; writs were also issued to all the cities and horoughs throitqhout Ireland ; and the justiciar summoned A general parliament at Dublin : all the prelates and magnates were to come in person, the communities of the counties by two, three or four, elected by them for this purpose, and having special power as if all were present ; and in like manner the communities of the cities and boroughs by two or three, &c. But first the justiciary determined to address the mayors and more honest men of the cities and boroughs, respecting the subsidy. He first went to Drogheda, and shewed the King's letter, directed to the mayor and community of that borough, and after he had held a diligent treaty with them, they granted 240 marks. He then went to the other cities and towns ; among the rest, to Cork and Youghal. The former granted 240 marks ; the later £40 and five hundred fishes, worth a hundred shillings. After this the magnates and communities came to tlie parliament in the manner required ; and divers of them, excusing themselves from granting the subsidy, begged of the justiciar that he would go through the districts, promising their assistance towards the subsidy which the communities in person might grant, and that the}", the magnates and prelates, would then contribute with them. The justiciar consented, and having treated with the commons of the counties, &c., received grants from each; the county of Cork, exclusive of its trading towns, gave £200.(1) The government of the city of Cork was deputeh act, lUth Hear} VII., chap. G. (G) ib. chap. 3. liv INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. A large sum of money, (supposed to amount to £1000) was subscribed for the expenses of the deputation, which was also armed with letters of remonstrance, signed by one viscoimt, five bai'ons, four knights, and nine gentlemen, in the name of the English pale. The queen referred the matter to her English council. At this time, purveyance in its most oppressive form was in England an established prerogative of the crown, and therefore, as might be expected, the council considered that in this affair the prerogative was attacked, and so reported, declaring their opinion that it must be maintained. We may conclude that the agents behaved with a boldness unprecedented in England, for they were all committed to the Fleet prison, and the queen wrote to Sidney, rebuking him for his past forbearance, and ordering him to imprison all who should persist in avowing that the cess was not warranted by the prerog- ative. She also ordered him to displace "such of her learned men as were present, and forebore to stand in maintenance of her prerogative." Sidney on receipt of these orders sent for the lords and gentlemen who subscribed the letters, and some other persons whom he suspected as promoters of the opposition. On appearing before him, they behaved with all their former fearlessness. " They affirmed boldly," says he,''" in 2^ lain speech, without any sticking, that no cess could be imposed but by parliament or grand council, and whatsoever was otherwise set down by us was against law. He could not find, he says, any disposition in any one of them to confer how to lessen the charge of cess, and make the burden more of Henry VII., chap. 6, as hired retainers of great lords, and probably had been so for some generations, as we find the above mentioned John Cowle or Cowley was employed in the service of the same family of Butler. The address used by the earl of Ossory was thus, " to my trusty servant Robert Cowley," and once thus, " to my trusty and right loving councillors Robert Cowley and Walter Cowley. Lord Butler wrote thus, " to my assured friend Robert Cowley," and subscribed himself, "yourawne James Butler," yet the above Robert Cowley wrote to Wolsey in ] 528, complaining that the office of justice of the common-pleas in Ireland, was given to one Gerald Aylmer, menial servant to the earl of Kildare, and that " other divers mean offices," were also given away. (1) (1) State papers. INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. Iv easy, "othenvise than in this sort, to have the cess totally taken away, and referred to their considerations what they thought good and expedient to be done therein at the next assembly of parliament*'. (I) Upon this he committed them all to prison. When the queen heard of their deportment, she sent for their agents, and holding a similar conference with them, 'found them,' says Hooker, " of like disposition, being as a fit cover to the pot, very froward, arrogant and wilful," whereupon she removed them from the Fleet to the tower, thereby intimating that their offence was of the nature of high treason. Sidney in a subsequent interview with his prisoners, found them, (to use his own words,) bent in the end to a certain kind of more arrogant wilfulness and stubborn stoutness, refusing to acknow- ledge their offence, or confess their error, in impugning the prero- gative ; though at a second examination he tells us they did both, and that he, "marvelling at it, found in the end, it grew from some of their complices that were committed in England ; and that he found a letter from Netten'ille to lord Howth, which carried such matter in their conceits, as made them all alter their fonner opinions; and that as the writing was obscure, containing no good meaning towards the lords of the council in England, he sent it to them to have Netterville questioned as to its meaning. "(2) In a letter to the queen, of the same date as that which contains the foregoing, Sidney says only that some of these men made submission, and to these he declared her majesty's commiseration, but still as appears, kept them in confinement. That most of them continued their " stubborn stoutness,"' is plain from other passages particularly Waterhouse's letter, two months later, hereafter quoted. Previous to this, Sidney had brought many of the ignorant Irish lords and degenerate English, to agree to pay an annual rent to her majesty,(3) but now the earl of Desmond and other lords of Munster finding thelegality of cess questioned in the pale, began to apply the same reasoning to themselves and forthwith declined to pay, or allow their tenants to pay any more rent. The earl also shewed symptoms of a design to rise in rebellion : a foreign reinforcement under James Fitz-]\Iaurice was expected. (1) Skhiev's letters, p. 19G. (2) lb. p. 197. (3) ib. p. 183. Ivi INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. Letters which arrived in England from Minister gave general alarm. Some Irishmen who resided in England and attended the court of the queen, and who were of such power and influence that their concurrence in the cess was afterwards found indis- pensable, plainly expressed their discontent at his proceedings. These things, combined with the obstinacy of the prisoners in Dublin castle, which still continued (though two months had elapsed since Sidney had represented them to have expressed contrition,) made some settlement of the cess question appear of great importance in England. (1) Sidney's prudence was impugned in detaining such personages in the castle. His own opinion was that the public dangers would be lessened by their detention. He was provoked at the cautious policy recom- mended by many; (2) he endeavoiu-ed to persuade them that there was no real danger to be apprehended from the leaders; that the people would willingly have consented to the cess, had not the lords forbidden them ; that when the latter were commit- ted, " the people were ready with one voice to cry out upon them for their resistance." This is hardly reconcileable with his former assertion that ''the lawyers, to please the nmltitude, repaired to complain," and "that it was the insolency of the soldiers, in exactions on the poor farmers, that provoked this kicking and spxirring." Indeed it is clear that the loyalty of the people was not what Sidney relied on ; for he proceeds to say that even *' if they and their factious sectaries would rebel, they dare not, as long as there is an army here." However, it is probable the people did so express themselves to Sidney, and laid the blame on the gi'eat lords and gentry. Lying or wheedling, (as Moryson calls it,) was at this time a characteristic vice of the Irish, and even at the present day it is too prevalent among the lower classes. Sidney probably believed them ; he knew that the loyalty of the inhabi- tants of the pale was never questioned ; but as none of the govern- ment party could comprehend how loyalty and constitutional resistance were compatible, they could not avoid imputing a rebellious disposition to the lords and gentry of the pale, and when subsequent events proved their mistake, they exhibited a sort of awkward amazement. Hooker's perplexity is ludicrous. After (1) Waterhouse's letter to Sidney, in Sidney's letters, p. 210. Hooker. (2) Sidney's letter to the earl of Leicester. INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. Ivii lU'tailing how widely the rebellion spread, he says ; " might it not well be presumed (and as it was so doubted) that the cause being like, they should also be combined and linked alike? and might not the whole world judge that neither barrel was the better lierring ? And vet notwithstanding, it fell in the end to a better eftect; for the lords and inhabitants in the English pale, since the time of the conquest by king Henry II, and since their first arrival in this land, it hath not been lightly known that they had broken their faith and their allegiance, and not to rebel in any wars against the crown of England and the kings of the same, saving now in respect to save their purses, rather than meaning any breach of duty had overshot themselves. "(1) However, the conduct of the malecontents did not appear in an unfavourable light to all the English. The struggle seems in every way to have excited attention among them. The resolution of the prisoners in Dublin castle became a topic of conversation ; it was told how they made a sport of their restraint ; and from the faint glimmerings of constitutional feelings which made their appearance about this time in England, we may fairly suppose that an admiration of their heroism was there felt by many. The principle of Sidney's measures began to be discussed : some even of his friends declared their opinions against the cess : others openly condemned him and his agents in England; and even those who murmured only (2) at his imprudence, were yet a weight in the scale of opposition. Queen Elizabeth has been praised for not attempting to impose taxes without consent of parliament; with how much justice appears from these events. The truth is, the battle of the consti- tution was fought in Ireland. These with other Irish events of which no accounts have reached us, were in all probability the original springs of those slight popular impulses, which appeared at this time in the English parliaments. We have many striking modern instances of the rapid and sudden transmission of demo- cratic sympathies from one nation to another, on the occurrence of particular events. That the queen dreaded the contagion seems very likely; for in the parliament which met in England almost immediately after (1) Hooker. (2) Watcrliouse's leUcr to Sidney, in Sidney's letters, p. 210. 7 Iviii INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. the dissolution of that Irish assembly, in which the question of non-residence of members in the places which returned them, was so hotly discussed, a bill was brought in to legalize the ordinary usage, it being of the utmost importance to the maintenance of the queeru's influence in parliament, that obsequious courtiers should be admissable as members, though non-residents of the places which returned them. This bill met some opposition, but was committed by a majority, after which it seems to have been dropped, for what reason cannot now be known ; but the relation of the two events in regard to time is remarkable. The discussion of the cess question in England seems to have inspired the queen with fear and caution. The Irish agents were now released from the tower, a circumstance which must be attributed to a fear lest the sympathy of the English should be aroused ; for it was done on pretence of infection there, which was no good reason, as they could have been removed to another prison.* So little intimidated however, were they, that they immediately after came to court, without asking for license, "for which rash part," says Waterhouse, *'(the infection and offence considered,) Mr. Secretary gave them such a welcome as they returned in post," but it was expected in London that they and their adherents would shortly renew their petition: 1 which shews that they had come to court for that purpose. * It is remarkable that the energetic display of public spirit in the Irish parliament of 1570, preceded, by about fifteen months the assembling of that English parliament, in whose proceedings, according to Hume, we may observe the faint dawn of the spirit of liberty among the English. A few of its members shewed some resolution, but they met every discouragement from the rest of the house; they proposed some changes in religious observan- ces, and objected to restraints imposed on foreign trade ; but the queen insisted that these subjects belonged to her prerogative, and must not be treated of in parliament; and after prohibiting one member from attending in the house, and severely reprimanding another for his temerity, she terrified the whole body into an acquiescence in her pretensions. >Several subsequent manifestations of impatience appeared in parliament during the reign of Elizabeth, but were without much difficulty suppressed by that princess. When we consider that one of the most prominent topics of discussion iu the Irish parliament of 1570, was the presence of great numbers of Englishmen in the house, and when we consider the constant presence of a small English army in this country, it cannot seem strange that the spirit of liberty should at this time, and perhaps some time before from similar causes, have been (1) Waterhouse's letter. INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. lix Some sort of submission seems to have been made by the prisoners in Dublin castle or some of them. Hooker, as may be expected, represents it as full and final, and as a complete triumph of govern- ment. But in whatever form it was made, it turned out mere empty words, and the struggle began again. Sidney says, *' that the lords, knights and gentlemen, after signing the submission, making its way from Ireland into England. It is impossible to account for its introduction in any other way. It could only arise, either from a long and uninterrupted concurrence of fortuitous circumstances as in Ireland, or from the gradual dissemination of philosophical writings on the subject, as in France ; or from the example of another country. The two first causes had then no existence in England ; but communication with Ireland was mani- festly very extensive, and the example furnished there, was very striking and quite adequate to produce a strong impression. It was a species of example which more modern history has shewn to be remarkably influential. Little more however, resulted from it in Elizabeth's reign, than the general discus- sion of the subject, and occasional expressions of impatience in a very humble and abject tone. It is not until the reign of her successor, that we are to look for instances of much firmness in the commons. There had occurred a little before her death, an important circumstance, which, judging from a modern example, in all probability contributed greatly to promote the introduction of free principles into England. The queen in 1599 sent an army of twenty -two thousand men into Ireland, which continued there for several years. We have all heard of the importation of republican principles from America to France by the army, and it is not too much to suppose that the army of the queen, one of the largest which had ever been levied iu England, imbibed in Ireland new political ideas and doctrines and brought them into England ; they fought side by side, and associated with the loyal Irish, who were accustomed to speak without reserve of their rights and liberties, and of their full resolution to maintain them, and who by their conduct shewed that even under religious disabilities, a spirit of independence was compatible with loyalty. They were not, it is true, engaged in a war on the side of democracy; but the influence of conversation and political deportment cannot have been less on that occasion, than in the more modern instance, where a difference of language must have interposed almost insuperable impediments to a communication of sentiments. It is certain that the ancient constitution or rather law of England contained valuable provisions for the liberty of the subject, but none for its security. In England liberty had its rise before the existence of the house of commons. To ensure its stability, it was necessarj-notonly that the houseof commonsshould exist, but also that it should exercise a main weight and authority in the state, without which liberty was only a temporary accident. That the house of com- mons had ever, before the period of which we have been treating, possessed any real weight, may fairly be questioned. When we find them remonstrating with Ix INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. being called on to set down a cess for the next year, refused to put their hands to the book of agreement, as they had agents in England engaged on the subject." He afterwards summoned the lords and gentlemen of the pale, as well as those who had before refused to subscribe to the cess, "last agreed on," as others of note, such as were before committed Edward III, for admitting ton many women and bishops about his pei'son; and ■when on the king expressing his displeasure, we find them adjudging to death the member on whose motion they had been persuaded to this act of presumption, it is impossible for a moment to imagine that they possessed any sense of their own w eight, or any real sjiirit of independence ; and the semblance of these qualities, which appears in some of their proceedings, must be attributed to causes not in themselves. They felt themselves under the protection of the house of lords, whose power had originally extorted the liberties of the nation, and they acted W'ithout fear under the auspices of such a body; aping its endea- vours, and sometimes outstepping them ; sometimes impeaching persons who were as obnoxious to the lords as to themselves ; sometimes acting as the tools of aristocratic factions ; occasionally rising in their pretensions according to the difficulties of the crown Whenever they appear to take a lead, their spirit may easily be resolved into a sort of vanity ; into the officiousness of upstarts in office, forward to affect a little power wliile they safely may, and gain a little transient importance, but quite prepared to sink into their former nothingness, on the first intimation of the displeasure of their superiors. — This they did not often experience ; for the sovereign having the lords a far mightier antagonist in view, regarded the meddling of the commons with little concern; and anxious to get money, humoured their assurance with concessions which the sutferance of the lords could at any time, according to the established practice of govenment, enable him to resume. And when in the course of events the power of the lords was annihilated, the commons, deprived of their pro- tection, relapsed without a struggle, into that insignificance from which they had only in appearance emerged. If they had really possessed any sense of their own authority or importance, their constituents must have possessed the same. A flame so universal could not have silently and suddenly expired; nor have been extinguished without at least some slight explosions. A remarkable passage has been quoted from a paper drawn up by Cecil in 1569, to prove that constitutional principles were energetically prevalent in England in the reign of Elizabeth, and at a period somewhat earlier than that to which we have assigned tbeir first dissemination. Nothing can shew more strongly how we may be deceived by an expression. By comparing this passage which occurs in Haynes' state papers, p. 586, with other passages in the same work, pages 580 and 589, we find that it alludes to those of the low^er classes who favoured the pretensions of the queen of Scots, and hoped for some improve- ment in government or in their condition from a change of sovereign. They probably resembled the followers of Tyler and Cade. INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. Ixi for impugning the cess, and conferred with them ; and after various delays and excuses, they deUvered in a submission, which being disapjiroved of, they said they would make no other. They refused one drawn by the attorney-general, being directed by Nugent, second baron of the Exchequer, brother of lord Delvin. They said that they would not do a thing so prejudicial to themselves, and their posterity. Next morning, he tells us, he remonstrated and dealt with them together and apart; first with the meaner, then with the better sort ; with the learned by them- selves, and the simple by themselves ; " but all were framed to one bent; most of them answered, that what the lords would do, they would follow : they were but inferiors, and therefore they would do as their betters did. They relied most upon lord Delvin, who seemed to be the chief ringleader.''(') After this unsuccessful remonstrance, he committed them to prison, and imposed fines on them.(2) Here we have the I'emarkable circumstance of a judge acting as leader and adviser in opposition to the crown, and of lords and gentlemen submitting with devotedness to fines and imprisonment, relying with undoubting confidence on the support and co-opera- tion of their less powerful fellow countrymen outside, who were equally determined to withhold payment of the cess, and who though they might lay the blame of their refusal on their superiors, did so evidently with the full consent and concurrence of the latter, who as being better able, were also quite willing to bear all the punishment and all the censure. This was Sidney's last endeavour. The Irish had in the mean time taken up an additional weapon of attack. They charged him with peculation and extravagance. A great outcry was raised by the malecontents and other men of note, that he had wasted her majesty's revenue.(3) The queen gave attention to these charges. Sidney, in reply, gave an account of his expenses, (-1) though from his letter of advice to his successor, (5) it is plain that he had spent more than his allowance. The charges seem from secretary "Wylson's letter, to have been fully believed by the queen's govern- ment. (G) At all events they afforded a decent pretext, on which (1) Sidney's letters, 11. 237. ('2) ilj- (3) Hooker. (4) ttiduey's letters, p. 220. (r.) ib. p. 280. (0) ib. y,. 213. Ixii INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. she might yield without compromizing her prerogative ; but it was not until after Sidney's final and ineffectual attempt to enforce compliance, that she thought fit to retire upon this subterfuge. She then finally resolved to abandon her attempts, without how- ever appearing to do so ; and recalled him for the purpose as it were of receiving an account of his conduct. " It is meant," says secretary Walsingham,(t) "that the colour of your revocation shall be to confer about some plot for the diminishing said charge, and to satisfy her, touching the exceeding the proportion allotted unto you." The liberation of the prisoners in Dublin Castle was next judged expedient, but it was contrived that it should seem to be the act of Sidney himself. Accordingly, Walsingham writes(2) him a private letter, advising him as a friend, " to leave a content in the minds of the Irish subjects, before he should repair to England, and to put in execution the plot set down by their agents; and with regard to the noblemen and gentlemen long since com- mitted to prison ;" he recommends him in general terms "to deal with them as favourably as he may, following the example of tho mercy of her majesty, and for that in these troublous times, a general discontentment of the subjects of that land may prove of dangerous consequence." In the meantime, the gentry of the pale with a sullen reckless- ness, resolved to encounter the severest losses, rather than seem to acquiesce in the encroachments of the crown. Eory Oge with his Irish rebels invaded the pale, and met with no opposition but from some English soldiers in the queen's pay. The inhabitants entirely withheld their assistance from government, and permitted the rebels to commit "most execrable outrages" (3)on their property, "without hue or cry, or any following of any other person in effect" says Sidney, "than of the English soldiers." For the first time, Sidney seems to have felt alarmed. He says, "the discontentation of the lords and gentlemen is a matter of more consequence, because we see them, as it were, dulled into a kind of senseless obstinacy, as appeareth in the matter of submission to your ma- jesty ; wherein how they stand upon form more than upon any reasonable ground, your majesty hath already understood by the report of me your deputy. * * * We see that either their own (1) Sidney's letters, p. 231. (2) ib, p. 244. (3) Hooker. INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. Ixiii careless consideration of themselves, or their dejected minds giveth scope to the rebels to do the hurts which have been done in the pale, and could not have continuance, if they did not (for lack of will and endeavour to resist) show a kind of consent or allowance of their own harms. 'XO History can present no finer example of disinterested patriotism than the events here related. The chief men coolly encountering the queen's indignation ; paying heavy fines, and enduring tedious and indefinite imprisonment: the rest of the gentry and inhabi- tants submitting deliberately to the destruction of their homes and their property by the rebels ; and all for the assertion of a public principle ; for the advantage of their posterity rather than of them- selves ; motives seemingly unintelligible to Sidney, when he tells us that they " stood upon form more than upon any reasonable ground" It was now resolved to accept the cess in such form as the Irish should consent to ; but recent events had rendered their consent more difficult to be obtained than ever. Sidney found it necessary to obtain the concurrence not only of the resident lords and gentry, but also of those who resided in England attending her majesty at court, " without which," he says, " the composition for cess can grow to no perfect conclusion ;"('^) and the queen even thought it necessary that it should be confirmed by parliament,(3) this however was dispensed with. Thus ended this momentous aflfair ; but there remained in the minds of the inhabitants of the pale a strong distrust of the inten- tions of government. A parliament was convened in 1585, in which the opposition party mustered so strong, that every general measure proposed on the part of the government was defeated, and among them a bill for the suspension of Poyning's law. — Even the ordinary subsidy of 13s. 4d. on every plowland was rejected, and it was not thought prudent to bring forward a bill for imposing a duty on wines. The subject of religion was now begining to absorb all others. The course pursued by government was most absurd, and proved the source of all those violent dissentions, which have afflicted this country for so many generations. There was perhaps no (1) Sidney's letters, p. 252. (2) ib. p. p. 252 ami 253. (3) ib. Ixiv INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. country in Europe into which the Reformation could liave been at tliat time introduced with more ease and certainty by the ordinary exertions of preachers than Ireland. The church of Rome had at that time but a frail hold on the affections of the people in most parts of the country. Even Keating confesses that the "rude and unpolished part of the i^eoiAe dcsjyised the discipUne of the churcli., and denied the authority of their ecclesiastical superiors T Such a confession of a zealous roman- ist shews how little respect or regard was at the time felt for his church by that class of the population, who must have been the most nvmierous ; indeed their disregard must have followed almost necessarily from the debauched and barbarous lives of the priests, "who with their wives and children, had their dwelling in the churches, where they feasted and rioted. "(t) Keating was unable to deny these customs of the priests; but tells us that they were practised only in the most uncivilized part of the kingdom, and by a sort of clergy, who pretended to he exempt from the authority of ecclesiastical superiors, and placed heyond the reach of church discipline. This is a most remarkable admission, and almost amounts to an assertion, that the religion of Rome was disclaimed in the most uncivilized parts of the kingdom. But be- sides, in many extensive districts, such was the prevalence of war and bloodshed, that no clergy of any sort were to be found. — " There was, says Hooker, scarce a God known, and if known, not at all honoured in the land, for the churches for the most part were all destroyed and uncovered, the clergy scattered, the people untaught, and as sheep without their pastors wandering without instruction." Sidney gives an equally dismal account of the state of religion. "Surely," says he, "there was never people that lived in more misery than they do ; nor as it should seem of worse minds ; for matrimony among them is not regarded ; * * * perjury, robbery, and murder are counted allowable. Finally, I cannot find that they make any conscience of sin ; and doulitless I doubt whether they christen their children or no, for neither find I place where it should be done, or any person able to instruct them in the rules of a christian ; or if they were taught, I see no grace in them to (1) Camden. INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. IxV R)llo\v it, and when they die, I cannot see they make any account of the world to come."' Under such circumstances all grounds of jealousy and resent- ment ought to have been carefully suppressed. But this was little considered. In the Irish countries where law could not be enforced even in civil affairs, the very name of the penal law raised as great a storm as its execution elsewhere, and furnished the inhabitants with a pretext for rising in rebellion, in which it was so often their happiness to be involved. The multitude of course cared nothing for the cause in which they were engaged. They followed their leaders to the field according to old custom; but the declared purpose of the war soon changed national into religious antipathy; and the calamities endured, exasperated the sufferers of all orders into bitter hatred of their enemies, under the new denomination of protestauts, and thence into corresponding hatred of protestantism itself. Contrary to expectation, the pale and the towns joined the side of government. Though they distnisted the administration and regarded religious coercion as a monstrous evil, the predominance of the Irish seemed incalculably worse. The one seemed open to mitigation by the influence of reason and the experiment of their loyalty. The other threatened them with hopeless anarchy and ruin. However, as the war drew towards a close, the prospect of indulgence began to fade, and though weary of its continuance, they dreaded its termination as the commencement of severity.(l) Their forebodings were too fully realized. By joining in the sup- pression of the rebellion, they had mainly contributed to that total reduction of the Irish which extended English dominion through- out the whole island ; but at the same time, so consolidated the power of government and so annihilated all enemies, that their good-will and services so inestimable in former times, were now no longer valued. The hopes which they had placed in their perse- vering loyalty were finally dissipated, and they found when it was too late, that they had been engaged in forging their own chains. As English law had never been considered to have any force in the Irish districts, which were beyond the controul of goverment, so it was never imagined that the statutes of parliament could have (1) Moryson. Ixvi INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. force in those places. It seems veiy probable that a similar exemption was loosely attributed to remote counties when unre- presented, and that many laws expressed generally, were intended only for the pale. Thus, though the writ of conge d' elire was abolished by the parliament of the 2d of Elizabeth, it was not imagined that the new law could apply to so remote a place as Armagh ; for the election of pnmate, which soon followed, was obliged to be post-poned on account of the absence of several of the chapter. A similar understanding probably prevailed with regard to the penal laws which were enacted by the same parlia- ment, and which at the time of their enactment it would have been difficult, if not impossible, to enforce at a distance from the pale. Cork was one of the counties unrepresented in that parliament. However, after the lapse of some years and a change of circum- stances, this distinction, if ever it existed, was forgotten, and the penalties of the law were vmhesitatingly enforced, wherever it was found practicable. On perceiving how they were requited, the towns, especially of the south, made a desperate effort to shake off the restraint. They had as yet very little to complain of, being hitherto allowed the private exercise of their religion ; but having been long accus- tomed to govern their own communities without external controul, they could ill brook the present interference. On the death of the queen, they forcibly restored the Romish worship and its public ceremonies. The city of Cork even refused to proclaim king- James. Its inhabitants announced their sentiments with all that unnecessary insolence which a spirit of democracy usually engen- ders. They refused to obey any government but that of the mayor. The mayor compared himself to the doge of Venice. Whether in their conduct towards protestants, they were actuated by intolerance, or merely by a spirit of retaliation, seems uncertain. They shot at the bishop's palace and killed a clergyman. One Fagan abused every protestant whom he met, and reviled sir Gerald Herbert, for not doing reverence to the cross, which he carried about in procession. Yet their outcry was for liberty of conscience, an expression which seemingly comprises a principle of general application. The Irish countries, as yet free from the infliction of the penal law, and lately subdued by a confederation of their enemies, felt INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. IxVU no inclination to assist the towns ; and a large army being still in the country, the latter were at last intimidated into submission. The government proceeded to enforce the law with severity, and in Dublin, exceeded the letter of the statute; upon which the inhabitants of the pale with their usual precise notions of consti- tutional rights, presented a bold remonstrance ; but intelligence of the gunpowder plot just then arrived, and threw a dark shadow over their cause, which really so far as they were concerned seems to have been generous and constitittional. Some rebellions also in the remoter districts, where the operation of the statute could hardly as yet have penetrated, soon after followed and completed the disgraces of the catholic cause. The lord president of Munster, whose office it had been to exercise arbitrary jurisdiction in the Irish districts, now by the express command of the king extended his authority to the towns, and first took the city of Cork under his paternal care. This was in the year 1606. Finding that the mayor, aldennen and others, would not be persuaded to attend the service of the refomied church, he imposed on them heavy fines not warranted by law, and condemned them to imprisonment during pleasure. He then deposed Sars field the mayor, for refusing to take the oath of supremacy ; and a new mayor being chosen who toc^ it without scruple, Sarsfield was required to deliver up the ensigns of his office ; but hesitating to comply, he was fined £500 for his con- tempt, and adjudged to suffer imprisonment during his majesty's pleasure. Some months afterwards, other persons having refused to attend divine service, were fined £100 each, and ordered to be imprisoned during his majesty's pleasure ; and their goods were sold for payment of the fines. Similar proceedings were afterwards adopted in other towns.C) Protestant settlers were now becoming numerous and powerful in the country. All advancement was confined to them by the operation of the statute ; and they were resolved by every means in their power, to continue the depression of the catholics, and preserve their own monopoly. Being powerful from their advan- tages as -well as from their numbers, they enabled the king by his mere fiat to establish such measures as tended to strengthen and (1) Gale's corporate system. Ixviii INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. preserve the new interest in the country. The parliament was new modelled in order to o\ erwhelm the old catholic opposition party. Seventeen nev/ counties were formed in the conquered districts, and a number of new boroughs were created in insigniticant places, where the English interest was predominant. In 1612, it was determined to call a parliament, with representatives from all these new places. The lords of the pale with their usual free spirit, addressed a letter to the king, representing the impropriety of this proceeding. At the same time agents were despatched from the pale into every province, to support the elections in opposition to government. The Romish clergy preached the cause of religion. The greatest exertions were made ; but in the end it was found that the malecontents were in a minority. A violent scene ensued, and the lord deputy prorogued the parliament. Agents were despatched to the king by the recusants of the pale, and a liberal contribution was raised to defray their expenses; but their pretexts were constitutional, and as might be expected, they received no satisfaction from the king or council ; their cause involved the interests of popery, and they received no support or countenance from the English people. On their return, the par- liament refused to acquiesce in the decision of the king. The lord deputy, perplexed by the difficulties which surrounded him, assumed a moderate and conciliatory demeanour. The catholics of the pale, hoping that the change in the tone of government, was the harbinger of indulgence to their religion, were so far mollified, that both parties consented to postpone the considera- tion of the disputed returns ; and as soon as several bills had been passed and a liberal subsidy granted, the lord deputy, by dissolving the parliament, set the question to rest. From henceforth the representatives from the pale and old towns became a powerless minority in the house of commons, and the old constitutional spirit of Irish parliaments was overborne by the influx of the English interest. But the stmggles of the enlight- ened patriots of the kingdom, had been neither brief nor feeble. They are described in the following contemptuous terms by Mory- son. " Eut the English Irish in all parts, (and especially in the pale) either by our too much cherishing them since the last rebellion, (in which we found many of them falsehearted) or by the king's religious courses to reform them in their obstinate addic- INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. Ixix tion to popery, (even in those points which oppugned his majesty's power,) or by the fuUness of bread in time of peace, (whereof no nation sooner surfeits than the Irish) ; were grown so wanton, so incensed, and so high in the instep, as they had of late mutinously broken off a parliament called for the public good and reformation of the kingdom, and from that time continued to make many clamorous complaints against the English governors, (especially those of the pale against the worthy lord deputy and his ministers) through their sides, wounding the royal authority." The civilized catholics being now embarked in the same cause with the rude Irish, began to be confounded with them, and were henceforward visited with every disgrace and obloquy, which the latter alone merited ; and being as it were merged in the mass of the nation, who were ignorant of all the principles on which a govern- ment ought to be conducted, they experienced the most galling contempt from the parties in power. The administration became very arbitrary and vexatious in civil as well as religious matters. The protestant inhabitants seem to have been in no respect displeased with the violent government which now followed, so long as they saw it exercised in the suppression of popery and the promotion of their own advancement. They even eulogized its author Strafford ; though on learning the disposition of the English parliament, they suddenly turned round and supported that body in all its vindictive measures, their grand aim being the strengthening of the English interest in this country by means of the friendship and support of the leading parties in the sister kingdom ; to which purpose they finally sacrificed the legislative independence of Ireland. In fact the principles of liberty and of the constitution were so freely asserted by the catholics of the pale, that they seem to have contracted a taint in the eyes of the protestants in Ireland, at the very time when their kinsmen in England were working out their freedom with perseverance. They were here regarded as the peculiar tenets of rebels and papists, and were little counte- nanced by the dominant part}'. The recusants of the pale seem to have been sensible of this disadvantage, and endeavoured by their moderation and ready concurrence in granting supplies to remove the injurious impression. They persevered for }cars in a loyal though discontented deportment, hoping that IxX INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. such conduct would in the end meet its reward. It ia probable that their example was not without its weight in the provinces. The influence of knowledge and civilization is very great. By their superiority in tliese advantages, they were the natural leaders of the recusants ; and this was probably the cause of the continu- ance of peace throughout the kingdom, which to Leland appeared so extraordinary, that he labours to account for it. When how- ever their moderation had been tried for many years, and been requited with an increase of hatred on the part of the protestants, the other and more numerous portion of the nation, the semibar- barous Irish took the business into their own hands, and as might be expected from their ignorant and brutal character, followed it up with atrocious crimes and egregious follies, so far outstepping the bounds both of humanity and right reason, as to justify in a great degree the heavy hand which was afterwards laid upon them. The proceedings of their convention, a sort of parliament which was afterwards established, shew them to have been ignorant of the first principles of human affairs, and utterly unfit to obtain a share in the government of their country ; while their savage bigotry and murderous rancour plainly rendered the country uninhabitable to their less sanguinary adversaries, without the total exclusion of the nider inhabitants from power for some generations. It is not here meant to justify the courses which provoked their religious ferocity, or the heavy penalties subsequently imposed on the exercise of their religion ; but when we reflect that the inhabitants of the pale and the towns alone had an opportunity of acquiring some knowledge of govern- ment and the piinciples of the constitution, it cannot seem very unreasonable, that the great body of the peojjle, so long withheld by their own barbarous wishes from a share in the government, and therefore destitute of all rational ideas on such subjects, as their convention fully proved by its extravagance and folly, sliould for some time longer be excluded from a participation in power, at least during the season of their unmitigated and avowed intolerance. We may here take occasion to remark, that the towns with their characteristic old republican feelings refused to be taxed by the convention ; and like separate governments, levied contribu- tions on themselves for the use of the catholic cause. INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. Ixxi When wo consider the moderate extent of the city of Cork in the reign of Elizabeth, we may naturally be surprised at its ancient importance, in comparison with the other towns of the county. But the truth is, that in the time of Elizabeth, it had suffered a very great decline: the island, which is said to have then comprised the city, was not more than about one-third of a statute mile in length, and its breadth was only about one-third of its length, — dimensions, which would seem to give it little pre-eminence over Kinsaleand Youghal, as contained within their ancient walls. It is true, our accounts of it before Elizabeth's reign are very meagre and imperfect; but enough remains to assure us, that it had previously been of much greater extent; we have already seen good reason to infer that the most ancient part of the city stood on the hill, to the south of the island, and that it was destroyed in the wars of the barbarous lords ; and we learn from the charter of king Edward IV, that Cork had, a few years previously to its date, possessed suburbs extending a mile from both parts of the city, and that they were about that time burned and destroyed by the invaders. As they were burned, Ihey must have consisted in a great degree of buildings; and this will give us some idea of the real extent of the city in ancient times, it being by this account upwards of two miles in length, including the island. Doubtless those buildings were interspersed with gardens, as we find to have been usual even within the walls, so late as the reign of Charles I. As to the locality of the suburbs, we may conclude that the northern one coincided with that part of the present city, which lies between north bridge, and the junction of the ]\Iallow road with the old Dublin road ; for this was the only great outlet from the city on that side, and must naturally have attracted the buildings along its course, while the steepness of the hills on either side would prevent improvement from branching off laterally. The southern suburb, which must have been identical with the original town on the hill, probably extended to the lough, and perhaps to a greater distance towards Kinsale, although in its modern increase it has not yet reached the above point, owing to the poverty of the inhabitants in that quarter, and the badness of the approaches to it. It is amusing to speculate on the probability, that the lough, which now presents so retired and rural appearance, 9 Ixxii INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. may have been anciently surrounded by a densely inhabited suburb. At the close of the reign of Elizabeth, the citizens seem to have had no definite ideas of established constitutional rights of individuals ; for though they showed a strong spirit of insubordination on her death, yet finding themselves unable to wage war against her successor, they submitted without remon- strance to the usurpations of his government. The queen had some years before arranged a system of martial law to be executed in Munster, that is, we conceive, in such parts of the province as were reputed to be Irish districts, and without tlie pale of English law. By this it was provided, that no person should have the benefit of trial by jury, unless he possessed a freehold ; and now, on the submission of the citizens to the accession of James I, this ordinance was enforced against such of those engaged in the late opposition to the proclaiming of the king, as happened to have no freeholds ; and strange to say, no dis- content seems to have been manifested at the time on this groimd. In fact, when the citizens found themselves deprived of their old isolated independence, and that the authority of the general government was extended over them, they probably conceived that the evil was but little enhanced by the mode in which that authority might be exercised. Indeed it seems very manifest that they had little notion of any rights or liberties distinct from the rights and liberties of their city, which they governed with little knowledge of the laws of England, and with a very wide exercise of their discre- tion ; and even after their humiliation in their contest with the crown, they continued for many years to make laws for tb.eir local government, almost as unlimited in their nature as the laws passed in parliament : they imposed taxes and duties ; fixed the penalties to be paid by those who might refuse the offices of mayor and sheriff; prohibited owners of ground outside the walls from erecting buildings on it, if injurious to the defensive strength of the city ; compelled strangers to enter into bonds and make oath to observe the local laws ; interfered even in transactions of commerce, imposing conditions on the purchase of merchandize ; and attached the punishments of fine and imprisonment to the infringement of their enactments. Indeed INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. Ixxiu so decided was their impressiDii that they formed a separate state in themselves, that the principle is, as it were, taken for granted in the preambles to some of their laws, as in the following instance taken from a bye law passed on the 28th of Sept., 1610 — "Forasmuch as in all commonwealths the citty or chief place thereof is most to be respected and regarded not only in fortifying and maintaining the same, but also in foreseeing and preventing of future inconvenience that might ensue thereunto, and especially in not permitting nor any way tolerating of any building to be made or erected near unto the same, whereby it might in any way prejudice, annoy, or be hurtful unto the said citty in action or jurisdiction, whereof our forefathers were careful and provident, as we see by the precedents they left us, &c." However, after the reduction of the citizens under the power of King James, they appear to have regarded the king's government as an external power, whose requirements (which were only occasional) it would be dangerous to dispute. The towns of Ireland in general continued very obsequious until the rebellion, when they resumed their separate existence ; but the city of Cork was held in the dominion of government or of the protestants during the wars of that period, and was unable to take any part in the proceedings of the Roman Catholics. Indeed it is very probable that the sense oilegal rights, even of the inhabitants of the pale, which shevi^ed itself with so much energy in the reign of Elizabeth, was of very recent growth. In an address of Stanihurst, the speaker of the house of commons, to sir Henry Sidney, delivered the 12tli December, 1570, we read the following passage. " In mine experience, who have not yet seen much more than forty years, I am able to say that our realm is at this day an half deal more civil than it was, since noble men and wor- shipful, with others of ability, have used to send their sons into England to the law, to miiversities or to schools."*" It was pro- bably this recent improvement in education that disseminated more distinct ideas of law and constitutional rights among the leaders of the people, and opened their eyes to the danger of * Campion. Ixxiv INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. allowing the establishment of bad precedents; for though their ideas of law mvist in some degree have becen accjuired in England, where o'jsequious principles preponderated ; yet it was not unnatnral for them to import from that country, such maxims of law as were not inconsistent, and to reject those doctrines of the prerogative which the state of society in their own coun- try, rendered them incapable of understanding : doctrines which while they acknowledged the authority of law, were at the same time subversive of all law, and were certainly too refined and sophistical for the rude Irish. It is plain that they received much enlightenment from England. Their previous habits of liberty had probably been grounded on little more than an idea of a right to resist oppression, arising from a knowledge of their own power, and of the weakness of government, — an idea continually fos- tered by the turbulence of the times. Still it may seem extraordi- nary that the independent spirit of the pale was not confined to the powerful aristoci'acy. But we may observe, that in the factious wars and broils of neighbouring lords, the commons must attain importance. Their assistance was necessary to their leaders, whose power from time to time tottered beneath the attacks of their neighbours, and who therefore found it necessary to en- courage their followers with every imnumity, and indeed impu- nity ; and this sort of indulgence had prevailed to such a ruinous extent in Ireland, that Sidney found the Ormond family, who were earls palatine, wholly unable to govern their districts. Agreeably to these views it has been observed, that the wars of the roses tended powerfully to enfranchise the villains in England by rendering their assistance necessary to the prevalence of each faction.* * In Ireland where loc.il wars were perpetnal, we find no traces of villanage at any period. There are, it is true, a few estates of copyhold tenure in the island, but it is probable they had a conventional origin, in imitation of the English system, at an early time, when the illegality of such an origin was little understood. At a period long subsequent, a similar but less successful attempt was made by the Cromwellian settlers to introduce a tenure like that of copyhold by granting leases for lives, with covenants for perpetual renewal, on payment of fines. We have seen one instance, of the date of 1709, in which a heriot or best beast is made payable on the death of every tenant, which increases the resemblance, and in a mortgage of the same lease made in the following year, the tenant's estate is actually called a copyhold. It INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. Ixxv The barbarous mode of life pursued in the Irish districts, appears to have continued even among many of the higher classes, until they were supplanted by English proprietors, after the wars of 16 II. Boullaye le Gouz, a Frenchman who travelled through Ireland in 164 1, says, " The castles or houses of the nobility consist of four walls extremely high thatched with straw, but to tell the truth they are notliing but square towers without windows, or at least having such small apertures, as to give no more light than there is in a prison. They have little furniture, and cover their rooms with rushes, of which they make their beds in summer, and of straw in winter. They put the rushes a foot deep on their floors, and on their windows, and many of them ornament the ceilings with branches. They are fond of the harp on which nearly all play." However, long before this time, improvement had begun to make rapid advances. On the overthrow of the Desmond family in the reign of Elizabeth, English gentlemen obtained extensive grants of the forfeited lands, on condition of planting them with English tenants on a military system. At the close of her reign the country began to enjoy tranquillity; the feudal authorities being broken, and the crown having become strong, peace and security were the natural results. The merchants of Cork ventured to reside without the walls; and suburbs began to appear again. In a petition of the citizens dated 1630, we find a requisition, " that whereas, the whole city of Cork being the shiere city of the county of Cork, containing only two small parishes, and there being four dissolved abbeys, viz. — Gill Abbey, St. Dominick's abbey, St. Angustin's abbey, and St. Francis's abbey, with their possessions, lying within the ancient franchises and liberties, where there are many merchants residing, and the trade of merchandize more used than in a great part of the said city, that those abbeys, with their possessions and inhabitants, may be within the jurisdiction and government of the officers of the city, to the end they may be liable to contributions, both for has been said that the duke of Orniond was the ori^nnator of this sort of lease, but there seems good reason to duubt it, for instances of it earlier than those attributed to that nobleman have been pointed out. Ixxvi INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. his majesty's service and the public charge of the city, the rather for that many of purpose dwell within the possessions of these abbeys, to be free from sesse of soldiers, and other public charges." During this period, Sir Richard Boyle, first earl of Cork, acquired by his talents and industry very large estates in the county, and contributed more than any other man to introduce order and civilization ; but the commotions which began in 1641, obliterated every improvement. The man- sion houses, which had begun to supersede the old narrow towers, having floors of timber, and no contrivance for defence (if we except the machicolated projections which some possessed) seem to have been almost all burned. After the rebellion of 1641, a large portion of the land was given to the private soldiers of the parliamentary army in small divisions, many of whom sold their allotments to other persons, as protestant merchants of Cork and other towns, at prices which scarcely amounted to half their present annual value. A large portion also fell to the adventurers, or those who had advanced money to carry on the war against the Irish, on the faith of being repaid by forfeited estates. Finally the officers received the remainder of the land by grants, each of which was made to two or three, in trust for themselves and a specified number of others, in the proportion of the sums due to them. These estates, the trustees either divided among themselves and the others for whom they held them, or settled with the latter by payments of money, keeping the land themselves, or by such other private arrangements as they thought proper. Besides the officers, many of the adventures and purchasers from soldiers obtained grants to themselves for the security of their titles. The passing of these grants to officers and others, commenced in 1666, and continued for several years through the delay occasioned by the investigation of the several claims. Some Ro)nan Catholics who proved their innocence were allowed to retain their lands, but a greater number who were equally innocent were excluded^ it being found that the remaining lands were scarcely sufficient to satisfy the protestant claims. The lands set apart for the officers were distributed by lot without regard to proximity. Many, on obtaining them, sold the whole or such parts as were distant from their adopted INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. Ixxvii settlements to otlier protestants, chiefly merchants, in towns. Afterwards came the forfeitures of the rcvohition, Vvhicli completed the destruction of the old Eoman Catholic families. The estates forfeited on this occasion were sold by auction. The purchasers were protestants. So complete was the revolution of property produced by these events, that the gentry of this county became almost wholly protestant, and the Roman Catholic religion, or an Irish surname, became in latter times prima facie a mark of inferior station. We are unable to recollect more than two Roman Catholic fiimilies now existing in tliis county, whose estates escaped these confisca- tions, namely the Coppingers, of Barryscourt, and the Barrys, of Lemlara. There were however some others who since conformed to the established religion. The peasantry, with the exception of a few inaccurate dabblers in antiquity, have very oljscure traditionary recollections of these changes, and regard the present proprietors with the full veneration usually attached to ancient rank ; nor can we perceive in them any propensity towards detraction on these accounts, notwithstanding the bitter- ness of political and religious dissentions. It is a mistake also to suppose that the peasantry preserve the title deeds of their families: we have made enquiry on this pointand find the fact tobe very much the contrary: indeed it would be impossible to preserve for so many years such frail articles as family documents hi such places as the cabins of the peasantry. The case mentioned by Mr. Weld, in his guide to Killarney, is a singular exception. However, the families of forfeiting persons have not always been depressed so very low as has been supposed. Nevertheless we have heard of few instances in which they have preserved their title deeds, and in such cases they have done so more by chance than design. In the mean time the succeeding links of their pedigrees have become obscure ; and their ancestral claims (except in the case of a few remarkable aboriginal families,) are by their countrymen unnoticed and unknown. At the head of the ancient families of this county who preserved their estates through all the convulsions of the country may be placed the Barrys earls of Barrymoro. They were descended from a brother of Geraldus Cambrensis, the first English historian of this country, and obtained their estates by a grant to Ixxviii INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. Philip do Bany, made by his uncle Robert Fitzstephen to whom Henry the Second had granted half the kingdom of Cork. They also received grants of forfeited estates at the restoration ; but portions of their original possessions descended to the present times in the form of chiefrents, so small even as two pounds per annum out of a townland. The earldom became extinct by the death of the last earl, and the other titles virtually so, for though multitudes of the name and lineage unquestionably remain, the evidences of pedigree are so defective that no successor can be ascertained.* The estates have come by sale into various hands. f Very large estates in the county belonged to a junior branch of this family descended from the fourth earl, and afterwards came by will to the late John Smith Barry, esq., together with large estates in England. The estates in this county are believed to amount to about £20,000 a year. How so large a property came to be separated from the earldom, if indeed it were ever annexed to it, we are unable to say. In Smith's time there subsisted a branch of the Barrys who had been seated at Eathcormac for five hundred years, and sat in the upper houseof Parliament so far back as the 30th year of Edward 1st, anno 1302. They became extinct in the principal branch about the year 1760, J and the estates fell to coheirs descended from two sisters, Catherine Barry, wife of Samuel Hartwell, esq., and Ann Barry, wife of lord chancellor Brodrick, first viscount Midleton. The coheirs § in 1771 sold their estates for £59,000, and the purchasers Eobert and Nicholas Lawless, esqrs., of Dubhn, sold them in 1774 to William Tonson, esq, for £68,000. * Unlike English biironies in fee, the ukl Irish peerages are foiiml to have adhered to the male line, uotwithstaiuling the occurrence of female heirs. We have never discovered anything to countenance the supposition that the followers of sopts adopted as in Scotland the surname of their chieftains without being of the same male lineage, f A large estate near Castlelyons was sold in 1GS5 by the Earl and his tenant to James Cotter, esq. The whole purchase money was £3,020, some- what more than twice the present annual value. J The male line is now represented by the Barrys of Ballyclough. § These were captain Brodrick Hartwell, E.N., grandson of Catherine Barry ; and James St. John Jeffreys, esq., of Blarney, John, first Lord O'Neil, Freke, and Mrs. Brodrick, descendants of the Hon. St. John Brodrick, only son of Ann Barry. INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. Ixxix The I?oclies, viscounts Fcrmoy, one of the original English families of this county, forfeited their honours and lauds in 1641. A branch of the family was seated at Ballymolgole, or Ballymagooly, so far back as 1344, when William de lloche of this place was made sheriff of the county of Cork. Ballyma- gooly, with an extensive mountainous tract adjoining, was sold in 1683, by a Theobald Eoche to James Cotter,* esquire, for a sum of £2,782, which is little more than its present annual value. The whole was soon after erected into a manor by patent. The families of Roche of Trabolgau and Dunderrow or Holly-hill, whose ancestors had been leading citizens of Cork, seem to have retired to their estates about the reign of James the first. The large property of the Dunderrow branch, came by an heir general to the Kearneys of Garretstown. On the death of the late James Kearney, esquire, his cousin Mr. Rochfort, succeeded to all his estates, and at his death bequeathed them to Mi*. Cuthbert, of Cork, whose sister he had married. The families of Barrett, Condon or Caunton and Fitzgibboa were anciently of so much note and power, that they gave names to the cantreds or baronies which formed their seigniories. It is probable they had lands or chiefries throughout the entire of these districts. We have not heard of any ascertained male descend-' ants of these families, though their names are very common. The Fitz-Geralds seneschals of Imokilly, (men of great i30wer,) were also involved in the common forfeitures, but their line stills subsists at Castle Richard. The de Courcys lords Kingsale are one of the most ancient English families of the county : they claim descent from the famous de Courcy, earl of Ulster, together with a privilege, said to have been conferred on that personage, of wearing their hats in the presence of royalty. We learn however from Giraldus Cambrensis, that the earl died without lawful issue ; and the legend relating to the privilege seems to be of comparatively "modern mvention ; but the privilege itself has been several times recognised by our sovereigns, as it perhaps ever will be, as an innocent pretension The de Courcys had formerly great pos- * Mr. Cotter was afterwards knighted, and became a conspicuous mililary cliaracter in the wars of the Revolution, 10 IXXX INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. sessions in the county of Cork. In the reign of Edward III., the estates Milo de Courcy, chiefly the manor of Ringroan, which was of great extent, passed into other famiUcs hy co-heirs, yet this manor afterwards belonged to the lords Kingsale ; how- ever, so far back as the reign of Elizabeth, and perhaps long be- fore, these lords were noted for their poverty,* a circumstance which, by keeping them in obscurity, probably preserved them from attainders. It is said that on the death of the twenty-fourth lord in 1 759 without male issue, his sons-in-law, Mr. O'Grady and Mr. M'Carty, forcibly held possession of the estate in opposition to the legal rights of the next heir male, and that the sheriff of the comity was unable to put the new lord Kingsale into possession, until he had assailed the castle (perhaps Ringroan) with artillery on the land side, and the cannon of a ship of war from the river. We will not, however, guarantee the truth of this anecdote. With respect to families of Irish descent, it appears to us that the information which is attainable, is little to be rehed on, except perhaps, with regard to families of great and historical note. The bards who have left us their genealogies were paid flatterers, and, as we know that their patrons lived in mortal fear of their enmity, it may be inferred that they had little regard for truth. The early portions of their pedigrees being palpable fables, we have the less reason to rely on the other parts composed mider the pressui'e of dependence ; and at all events, we must infer that many links of illegitimacy have been glossed over, in a country and an age in which that defect was not considered an insuper- able bar to succession. When the bards found it necessary to give an honorable account of the origin of catholic surnames, which were not Irish, and were not known to be English, as those of Plunket, Coppinger, &c., they referred them to the Danes, as more reputable, and much less odious than the English, without however, attempting to furnish the links so far back. This is persisted in even at present, although there were no surnames in the Danish times, and although the language of the Danes from which those names seem to have been derived, was essentially the same as the Saxon. In the annalsf will be found the names of some of the English * Qampion. f Page57i INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. Ixxxi families of the county, who in the reign of Elizabeth, had fallen into some decay through oppression. The family deeds of one of these (the Tyrrys) are still preserved. They ascend to the reign of Henry VI., and are in the possession of Dominick Sars- field esquire of Doughcloyne, who has also a great mass of documents relating to the Sarsfiekls and their estates. Such collections are invaluable; and it is to be regretted that no per- sons of competent industry have yet been found to elucidate their contents. Prior to the forfeitures, the law of primogeniture was strongly counteracted by the influence of Irish customs.* It became usual to divide the inheritance among all the sons, and at the close of the 17th century we find this custom assigned as the cause of the family pride and idleness of the younger members of families. It was remarked that men who succeeded to a pittance however miserable,* relied on their pretensions and disdained to engage in trade. For many years succeeding the Revolution, the people, though riotous and lawless, were powerless and unpretending : old per- sons can remember when individuals of the lower classes would not dare to resent an insult, or even a blow or a kick from a gentleman. The magistrates were doubtless very arbitrar\% which, though objectionable in a constitutional point of view, must have been eventually useful in producing habits of obedience to authority. In 1750, Arthur Hyde esquire, a magistrate of this county, let some land to a neighbouring clergyman, without having obtained the possession from the former occupants ; one of these, a miller, having a lease of a mill made to him by a former tenant of Mr. Hyde, for a longer term than his own, which had expired, made objections to give it up. We have before us a letter of Mr. Hyde's to the clergyman, which, considering the gross illegality of the course which he directs, seems character- istic of the times. " If," says he, " he attempts to remain there * The fallowing is a curious illustration of tlio extensiou of Irish usages to land of English tenure : — In 1585, John Cotter, of Coppingerstown, having land to the amount of 174 acres, made it over to his son, on condition however, that he should divide and share it with his cousins aftor the manner of their predecessors. Ixxxii INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. without your approbation, I'll indict him, and gaol him ; who- ever you're disposed to set to, give him possession ; and if the other attempts to withhold the possession, let him lodge infor- mations, a warrant will issue, and TU send a possee to lay him by the heels ; such an audacious fellow is not to be treated with the least tenderness," While the lower classes were so tightly governed, it cannot be supposed that the claims and pretensions of the Roman catholics, as such, would be much attended to. That body was reduced to utter debility : resistance on their part seems to have been regarded as an absurdity, and the mere expression of their opinions on party questions was held to be an impertinence. la 1768, on the anniversary of the battle of the Boyne, about a dozen persons ventured to appear in the streets of Cork with white lilies in their hats, in contempt of the occasion, but were dispersed and caned by some gentlemen ; and another person, who is called by the newspaper of the day, " an ignorant little fribble," nar- rowly escaped a severe discipline, from which nothing, we are told, but his insignificancy could have protected Irim. The great prevalence of duelling and drinking bouts in the last century, promotes an impression that the Irish gentry of that period were very unpolished, and that their subsequent improve- ment must have arisen from the legislative union with Eng- land. It should be remembered, however, that the improvement of manners, in England, has been very considerable; and it cer- tainly does not appear that the disparity between the two countries in this respect, was formerly greater than it is at present, even though we allow Fielding's squire Western to be a caricature. A late baronet, who was educated in England, and resided there till his arrival at manhood, and moreover was an accomplished scholar, found himself, on his father's death, about seventy years ago, under the necessity of coming to Ireland to visit his estates in this county. He did so with extreme reluctance, and with a determination to retire as soon as possible from a country which he believed to be insufferable as a residence; but on his arrival, he found to his astonishment that the gentlemen mere well hred, and rode in their carriages^ and quite resembled those of Eng- land. The result was, that he made this country his residence during the course of a long life. This anecdote, which may be INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. Ixxxiii relied on to the letter, shews also the extreme ignorance of the English of that period in all that related to the state of Ireland. We no*v return to the affairs of tlie city. From the year 1609, when the city books commence, to the expulsion of the Roman catholics in 1644, the corporation appears almost exclu- sively of that denomination. Some protestants indeed, were occasionally admitted to the freedom, but they were mostly statesmen, or official j^ersons of distinction, who had no interest in local afiairs. There were not more than five or six protestants of a private sort admitted during the above period. After the expulsion of the Roman catholics, the city continued without any civil government imtil 1655,* when Sir William Fenton, Maurice Roche, Christopher Oliver, John Morley, and John Hodder, ancient freemen, assembled together, and chose John Hodder to be mayor.f They then proceeded to create a great number of protestant freemen, sufficient evidently to out- vote the Roman catholics, should they return. The first admis- sions remaining! took place on the 16lh of May, 1656. They were continued on the 17th, 19di, 24th, and 31st of May, 6th of June, and afterwards at longer intervals. The franchise was con- ferred on great numbers gratuitously, but to many also it was sold, for sums varying from £1 to £10 or £ 12. This sale of the fran- chise was quite in accordance with old practice. On the 31st of May, 1656, the corporation embodied the various artificers into guilds, in several of which separate trades somewhat similar to each other were incorporated together under the name of one of them. Thus were formed the several guilds of blacksmiths, of merchant tailoi-s, of tanners, of whittawers, of carpenters, of freemasons, of goldsmiths, of cordwainers, of butchers and of porters. On the 6th of June following, was formed the guild of * In the catalogue of mayors this is dated 1G5G, which is more likely. t We take this fact from Smith — the book from which he derived it is not forthcoming. J The first leaf of the book of admissions is lost; but as the subsequent leaves contain twelve admissions each, the first certainly did not contain more: but probably less, as part might have been occupied with a title ; the pages remaining, comprise all the protestants who became mayors and sheriffs, ex- cept those of the year 16jG. Ixxxiv INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. clothiers, and on the 29th of October, 1657, the guild of barber- chirurgpons. Considerable sums were paid for these incorpora- tions.' By these means, and by selling the freedom,* a sum of £297 10s. was obtained before the close of the year 1656.* In selecting for the offices of mayor and sheriff, no distinction seems to have been made between those who had obtained their free- dom gratuitously, and those who had paid for it. In October, 1685, Mathew Savory, Zacharia Trebusheth, and Peter Segen, were admitted to their freedom gratis, " for that these were per- secuted protestants, and forced to fly their country on account of their religion, the persecution being then hot in France." Similar admissions occurred occasionally afterwards, but com- prise none of the French names which since became noted in the city. In the year 1686, the Irish protestants being terrified by the conduct of the government, many of them transferred their resi- dence to England. Of those who remained, some were en- rolled in the new corporations, as remodelled by James II. in 1689, and constituted a third part of those bodies. King James, however, and all his proceedings, were soon overturned, and the former system restored, but not without great losses to many of the citizens, partly by the temporary sequestration of their estates, and partly, no doubt, by the destruction of houses during the seige of Cork, by the duke of Marlborough. The effect of the duke's cannon may still be seen along the lower part of the bastion of the fort at Barrack-hill, which was battered from Catfort. In succeeding times, notwithstanding the wide diffusion of the franchise, the council, or board of aldermen, contrived to en- gross all power to themselves. The form of choosing the mayors was thus : twelve of the council, with one of the sheriffs, went hito the castle, called Cork castle, (then standing) and there nominated threef of the burgesses (the candidates) to the free- men, in court of d'oyer hundred, who were to choose one of the * The guilds are now remembered only by tradition ; but they were in full vigour in 1737. + Two centuries before this, the mayor and bailiffs proposed three persons, of whom the commons elected one to be mayor, — See p. 285. INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. IxXXV three to be mayor for the ensuing year. It was charged against the council, that two of the three were stalking horses, unfit to be elected through some iucajiacity, and that the favourite scarcely ever failed in being elected. The sheriffs were elected in a similar way. It appears also, that the common council had assumed the power of disposing of the public money, without the consent of the commons, and that the court of d'oyer hundred was reduced to a mere cypher. At last, about the year 1718, when matters were carried with a high hand by the board of aldermen, supported by the public money, and by the oflicers who felt themselves bound to support the power which appointed them, a struggle was set on foot by some of the citizens, who made up a fund among themselves, and recurring to the charters of the city, asserted the rights of the commons, and finally suc- ceeded in establishing them. The struggle continued from 1718 to 1721, and must have been very violent. It was at one time in- tended that parliament should decide the difference, but by the interposition of persons at both sides, matters were adjusted ; and then, " for the first time in the memory of any man living," as the writer* tells us, the court of d'oyer hundred proceeded to fill up the . vacancies in the common council on the 20th January, 1721, and elected three burgesses to complete it to the number of twenty-four. On the 5th of February, 1721, they proceeded to make by- laws for tlie future regulation of their proceedings. They ordained, that in future none of the public money should be dis- posed of, nor any money borrowed on the credit of the corpora- tion, without a vote of the court of d'oyer hundred ; that the mayors should in future be selected from five burgesses instead of three, and that these five, instead of being proposed by the council, should be drawn by lot from the whole body of resident burgesses : and that in the election of sheriff, the commons should be at liberty to put forward a candidate. They made various other regulations for the management of public affairs ; and thus was an important revolution effected without legislative interference.! The party which combined, subscribed funds and * The rights of the freemen of the city of Cork asserted, ami the several abuses and usurpations of the constitution poiuled out, printed in 1759. t lb. IxXXvi INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. by their zealous exertions succeeded in eftecting these changes was the germ of that famous body called the " friendly club" which has ruled the city to the present day. A satirical writer,* who wrote in 1737, and seems to have been of no party, but rather a misanthrope, slightly alludes to these contentions. After designating the majority of the council as cyphers, and asserting, that " any artful intriguing figure, by joining himself to a good many of them, will swell the number and sway aside to whatever he has a mind to carry," he tells lis, that the commons, after great contentions, " at length having shot all the arrows in the whole quiver of malice at each others- constrained the council to submit, and enacted by-laws for pre- venting the disposal of the public money by the common council alone. Disputes however, soon after arose between the council and commons, respecting the right of originating grants of the public money, and, doubtless, upon minor topics. On the subject of the court of d'oyer hundred, Alexander the coppersmith says, that there, instead of a multitude of hearers, you find a hundred speakers, and that it might be properly called a court of confu- sion. It is to be regretted that he declines entering upon the politics of the city; but even the words in which he dechnes it may be thought to throw a little light on the subject. He says, " to speak exactly of this court and the common council, and of the cause of their eternal clashing, it would be absolutely neces- ■ sary to say something of the two parties that sprung from the ballast act, because by the superiority either may have in the corporation, aref in a capacity to influence the most considerable affairs of the city. But the conclusion is not only still recent amongst us, but a particular detailof the views, interest, "briguing meetings," violent speeches, and warm replies of the individuals of this court and council, would perhaps, raise stale dissensions, and kindle a flame that is almost extinguished." We shall now proceed to give a picture of society in Cork, as drawn by Alexander the coppersmith, whose pamphlet we have * Remarks on the religion, trade, government, police, customs, manners, and maladies of the city of Cork, by Alexander the coppersmith. Printed by George Harrison, 1737. t Sic. INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. Ixxxvii already quoted. He most impartially sneers at all religious denominatioHS, and yet, unlike men of that stamp in the present day, he is but little disposed to tolerate popery. He divides the religion of Cork (as appeared from the public edifices for worship") into episcopacy, presbytery, quakerisni, anabaptism, huguenotism, hypocrisy, and popery. Of the first he says, "As the king, lords and commons have ngreed upon the first to be the most laudable mode of Christianity, I think every wise man must acknowledge, that in obedience to an act of parlia- ment we should be all of the established church." He pronounces the persecuting zeal of presbyterianism as bad as popish cruelty. He tells us, that as quakerism wars against human nature it can be of no duration ; and that the anabaptists from the uncomforta- bleness of their dipping can never rise into power sufficient to do mischief. He passes over the huguenots, as he would not reproach a set of exiles in their misery. He then inveighs against the hypocrites, both protestant and Roman catholic. He tells us that the views and interest of the five first conspire the ruin of the last, (the Roman catholics) whom they look upon as a monster that would devour their liberty, religion and trade. He is amazed at "the imprudence of the papists, running openly into every branch of trade, and talking big upon change, and permitting the importation of such cargoes of priests who swarmed about the city." He predicts that their bold monoply of home and foreign trade would create such popular clamour, that at last they would be controuled by an act of parliament. As to their manner of carrying on trade, however, he speaks of it with abhorrence ; and in explanation of the means by which they engrossed it, he tells us that through wealth, pride, envy, mutual oppression, protestant indolence, and popish vigilance, the trade of the city had been forced from its natural course into another channel within a few years ; that the most considerable branch of our trade had been the export of great quantities of beef to our plantations to supply the French, with whom we trafilcked jn some uninhabited island before Irish ships were obliged to touch first in England ; but that then the French in galleys of four or five hundred tons came hither themselves always consigned to a popish factor, *' whose relations and correspondence," says he, '* were abroad and union at home, whose diligence being more 11 IxxxVill INTIIODUCTORV ESSAY. and luxury less than protostants, will at last swallow uj) the trade and suck the marrow of this city, and like the ivy, will grow to be an oak, and prove absolute in their power over the conimerco of those on whom they should be dependant for bread, and" he proceeds "as a certain baronet observed about four years ago, J/ow nccHi'c do men of thai religion live in despite of the law, whilst protestants look idhj on and hy an easiness of temper pecidiar to themselves, suspend the execution of the laws which never required, no not at their first maMng, a more severe executioti than at this day. By running away with this profitable branch, not only the prejudice they do a protestant trader, but the benefit arising to popish dealers and tradesmen is destructive of the pro- testant interest of the city. From the mutual kindness of all men under oppression and a natural hatred of their oppressors, they deal with and always employ one another. If a papist at the gallows wanted an ounce of hemp he'd skip the protestant shops and run to Mallow-lane to buy it ; and as the jurisdiction they acknow- ledged is abroad, they would live independent of the state at home, where they poison all things they touch. They have no regard to posterity ; they consider nothing but the present ; their schemes are always big with cunning, they want ingenuity (ingenuousness) the life of business. In all works, regardless of the future, they mar the best undertakings, to make Avhat they can of every thing now." By this he evidently meai^s, that instead of being anxious to establish an honourable character and a settled trade, they regarded only immediate profits, and enhanced them by false- hood and fraud, by the aid of which also their competition became ruinous to protestant traders. " They dishearten," says he, " all industry, which when beggary is the reward of, idleness and painfulness are of equal value. The legs of that trade will surely have the cramp whose feet are kissed by a papist, and the most growing factory, the minute it is mimicked and attempted to be carried on by them, I would instantly give up, pronounce its ruin, and without hesitation, sign its death- warrant." These passages might perplex us, were it not for the subsequent mention of false weights and adulterations by Avhich they were enabled to ruin the honest trader. Of Mallow-lane, he says, "This suburb, by various acts of INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. Ixxxlx cozenage, its happy situation and possession of the weigli-liouses, has branched itself into such business as ahnost overtops its mother, which in time, hke hairs, in appearance dead, will by being quic t in water, turn into snakes, and in continuance get stings and do much mischief. This should surely awaken the jealousy of all, to find the root impaired and the city impover- ished, to the enriching a set of upstart beggars most of whom want even common honesty." He condemns the erection of the weigh-houses in this lane, and prefers even Gallows-green for that purpose, "because every country fellow who has generally something to buy when he sells his butter, must of necessity stalk through the whole city, where he has an opportunity of gaping at every shop, which then has an equal chance of receiving his money." *' Pray," says he, " is it not a very inicomfortable sight for any protestant shop-keeper of this city, to behold thatch and a skylight edified into cant windows and slat, wherein a flat footed Milesian shall have the impudence to have his table graced with a chaplain and pinched diaper, and in a pair of protestant scales shall outweigh the city, and raise himself from thongs and lank hair to pumps and a periwig. * * * They buy as dear, retail cheaper, live better and grow richer than other fair dealers in the city. This they perform by false weights and adulterating their wares."' He then relates a piece of knavery of a butter buyer, and proceeds. "They rob a man of his purse, and never bid him stand. Highwaymen defy, but Mallow-lane men pretend justice. As the very fragments ofthr- rogueries of this lane would feast all the bites in the kingdom, it would be an endless work to publish them all." He thou yj^ furnishes us with a model of a butter buyer, under the designation of maitre Coquin, " who," he says, " would ride fifty miles to execute a cool deliberate act of butter roguery," and then concludes the subject of j\Iallow-lane, " that nursery of villainy, which should be suftered to continue no longer, but presented and removed as a nuisance ; for when honesty was sick in Glanfiesk, she crawled to Mallow-lane to die, and gave her last groan among the butter buyers." He passes the following strictures on the conchu-t of the pastors of every flock in this city, which he says, were eounnunicated Ic him : — XC irs'TKODUCTORV E.SSAV. 1. — lie ijiiys, tlioy dill not endeavour with all their might la gain the good Avill of their liock, but were ill livers ; that they ought to get their good will by walking uprightly, not by crouching. 2. — That in their preaching they were too lavish of words- to enforce the reverence due to themselves, 3. — -That they were not courteous, and that some possessed false gravity. " As to the younger dealers in divinity/' says he, "of whom this city is pretty well stocked, they belie the register book, ante-date their age, set their faces in a frame, and plait their brows into such an affected sadness as makes Christianity look uncomfortable." 4. — That they catechise not in the elements of religion, which it was their duty to perform, unless they had a flock of old sheep without lambs. "Thus," says he^" many who are well skilled in the dark backshambles of divinity, for want of this catechising, lose their way in the main street of religion." 5. — That they visit not the sick of purse as well as of body and soul, and take no pains to heal fractured neighbours by cordial interpositic«is. This writer denies the legality of the power exercised by the aldermen of the ward, of whom there were then six, who (.iispensed justice each in a separate precinct or v/ard ; and he charges them with leaving blank warrants with their wives, to be used in cases of contempt of summons, without regard to the necessity uf proving the contempt on oath. His book contains some passages relative to the staple court, which, as it has fallen into some oblivion, requires a little notice. We learn that the society of the staple was originally founded for the regulation and support of the woollen manufacture, and was authorized by charter to erect a weigh house and build store houses for the staple commodities, and to receive all customary fees, profits and rights to be disposed of for the benefit of the mayor, constables and society of the staple. When our author wrote, it appears that the authority of this society was, as he expresses it, nearly defunct, and that, like fame, it was only the echo of its former actions. "For," says he, " the very founda- tion upon which the staple stood, is sapped by the irresistable force of various acts of parliament, and even in London, which INTRODUCTOUY ESSAY. XCl Has the parent that supported it, it'.s nut only detiinet, but its very memory is forgot, for the woollen manufaeture having run into another channel, that fountain was dried up."' "Thus" con- tinues he, "I ha'i'e often marvelled at the high hopes some have , conceived, and the great profits and pleasure they have proposed from the duties their power coidd fasten upon popish commodities, and what severities they thundered against the dealers of that religion, who stand as secure from the bolts of the staple as the staple is from the pope's bull." "And indeed," says he, "after the strictest scrutiny I could make into any privilege they can squeeze out of their charter, I really find that they have a right merely to exist, and meet by courtesy in the city court, where by the power of custom they may shut their door, talk of tlieir grants, swallow their sack, and do nothing. As a consequence of his previous remarks on the authority of aldermenof the wards and rights of the staple, he infers the unlaw- fulness of certain acts of these bodies; and as such acts have no place in our days, we may mention them. He tells us, that they made such as were not free of their respective trades pay- something every quarter for working at their mystery. He says, that the original intention of incorporating tradesmen into companies, was to discover and prevent frauds in trade, " which valuable qualification'' says he "they have converted into a power to raise money, oppress workmen, and hunt them out of the city." Hence he deduces also the illegality of the commitments by some mayors, " who fancy" says he" " they can keep any man in gaol twenty-four hours without a warrant." He rails at the saucy petulance of attorneys pleading in the city courts, and the patience of some mayors in bearing it ; also the cruelty of bailiffs in their manner of dragging prisoners to gaol. He tells us that the bailifts had above one hundred and fifty who paid them so much a week, from fears of vile treatment in case they should unhappily fall into their abominable paws hereafter, and that not only those wh6 had been, but those who feared to be in their merciless clutches paid tribute to their cruelty and power. "With what impudence," says he, " will some of these fellows approach a merchant and sneer familiarly in his face upon change ; and they get more hats in walking the street than a mayor out of his time. * * * * If ever I see an lionest XCU INTIIODUCTOUY ESSAY. m;iu salute a bailiH' in the street. I will inunediately i)ronouncc liiiu his pensioner." lie indulges in a iieree philippic against the ecclesiastical courts and their jurisdiction in cases of defamation. " I have known," says he, " an honest industrious tradesman reduced in this seminary of injustice to an ace of a beggar, for calling a man in the height of his passion, a dirty dog." He also inveighs against the practice (which we need hardly state is unknown at tlie present day) of wrapping a man in a sheet and exposing him in the church with a publication of his crimes. He objects to the practices of the bankers of Cork. He says, they advanced the lodgments of the merchants to others whom they thus enabled to undermine the merchants. " Thus, the banker," says he, " digs a grave for the merchant who gave him life." It further appears from his expressions, that the bankers did not confine themselves to the business of banking but carried on trade as merchants also. This he greatly disap- proves of, because as the bankers had the advantage of knowing every man's weakness it was in their power to monopolize. Pie informs us that in Bristol there was not one banker. He condemns the Cork bankers for their practice of engrossing wool, and mentions an instance of their sending a "caterer" for this purpose to Clonmel, which raising a clamourous outcry among the clothiers, the bankers were forced to disown the transaction. He tells us that the practice of plundering wrecks was not confined to the west, but had been practiced upon the very margin of the liberties of the city. He alludes to the custom of duelling, and tells the merchants that they ought to leave the practice to the esquires, whose deaths can be no loss to their families. " Dealers," he says, " sometimes quarrel by a saw pit, yet must fight upon change," * * * " where true cowards meet to be bound over," " I am sure" says he, " he that will draw his sword ui^on full change, would creep into the scabbard from fear when tis empty." He objects to the practice of smuggling, which it appears was not confined to the poor, but " dealers of consequence and men of fortune" practised it. INTRODUCTORY KSSAY. XClll lie reproves the splendour of funerals iu the city,* and tlie hixury in diet '' bordering upon stark gkittony." He says, " the immoderate feasting of this town destroys as many as the fasting of another." He condemns tlie obscene talk of the citizens, which however, he says, " mostly afflicts some okl dealers in the city." He denounces the custom of swearing, and tells us what may surprise ns, that " amongst the very army, swearing was out of fashion." He notices the profligacy of the young men who he says were debilitated at thirty. "We have here selected all such particulars as appeared characteristic of the city and the time. We have before us a short critical review of the work, by Yv'illiam I3oles, a bitter opponent,! which enables us to judge that most of the statements of Alexander cannot be far from the truth, inasmuch as they are not here denied. Boles urges, that by presbyterian persecution Alexander means the behaviourof the sects to the qnakers in New England, but that he should distinguish between the cruel spirit of Boston and the fair charitable tempers of the presbyterians of Cork. He says that he can't find the coppersmith in any of the religious sects of the city. If it be possible to fix such a vagrant in religion, he thinks he perceives him among the papists, from his long abode amongst them in France, and from the paternal cordial advice he gives them for a reformation of their conduct as to the prudential part of life ; from his overlooking the absurd- ity of their religious tenets, and postponing their more abomin- able practices to a few triflng errors in trade. He says, " In this coppersmith's remarks upon Mallow-lane, he has blattered forth a crowd of general crimes without entering into particulars, from which, doubtless, he has been bribed into a concealment, because the single instance he gives of their roguery is notoriously false, though it might have been easy for Alexander to publish a hundred true. This plaiidy betrays his corruption."' "We shall now endeavour to give some account of the rise of the fi'iendly club. We have seen how the popular party had defeated the aldermen, and introduced a new course of govern- * Zacliary Travcrs, a respectable citizen, by his will dated in l()75, desires that he may be buried "without pomp of aldermen." t Printed by George Harrisson, at the corner of Meeting-house lane, 17-')7. xciv INTRO nrrTORV essay. ment founded on popular principles. They then raised an outcry against the peculation of one of the city officers,* who appears to have been the chamberlain,f and although that person had previously obtained a regular acquittance, they prevailed by their clamour in causing a heavy equity suit to be undertaken against him. The suit seems to have proved abortive, but the party, by this and similar agitation, acquired such popularity, that they pushed themselves into office, and soon obtained the direction of corporate affairs. Having tasted the sweets of power, they resolved it should be lasting, and for the purpose of making it so, they adopted measures which gradually rendered them as unpopular as their predecessors. They procured the freedom for their own followers, and rejected the claims of many who were entitled by birth or servitude : and in order to encrease their influence without obstruction from the commons, they took advantage of an exception in a by-law, which enabled the council alone to give the freedom to persons of quality or distinction, who should happen at any time to be in the city, such persons not being under the degree of esquires. Under colour of this proviso, they admitted a great many strangers and non-residents. X The origin of their power is thus described by one of their enemies in the year 1753. Addressing the freemen, he says, *' There were persons who wanted to get into power, and for this end they threw dust in your eyes ; they amused you with false alarms that you were wronged, that your money was em- bezzled, that all power was in one chain, and that if you would bring them into offices they would reform all. But how have they answered these great ends ? Truly, not unlike a man that spits in your face and pretends it is but to clean it." Another says. "They engaged the city in contentious law suits ; made by-words to raise party divisions, and keep up a spirit, to divert the city from the search which was needful to remove the mask, imder which they disguised their actions, with public clamour, and the name of public good, a specious pretence to amuse, while they minded their own views to get into power, and * Rights of the freemen asserted, — p. 31. f ib. p. 44, this seems to have occiutpiI in 172'?, ?pp printed by-law, p. 28, I Riglits (if the freeman, — p. 31. INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. XCV establish themselves therein ; they apphed themselves heartily to make freemen, and were careful to have them bound to serve iheir interest ; to postpone or deny such as would not come into their schemes. If an election for any office or employment was on foot, they applied the whole force of influence and that of all their friends to it ; they treated, they bribed, they amused, they threatened : if a freeman was in debt, they bought up all his notes, and if he did not vote with them, they distressed him, arrested him, and put him into prison : they would not deal with any that would not come into their measures, and used their influence that no one else should. If any person was not liked by them, or was opposite to them, or obstructed their views, they employed the public money, and had a suit against him, and this gave them an opportunity of dealing it out to lawyers and attorneys, to retain them in their interest; for they were never close-fisted to their friends, as it cost them nothing ; but had consultations and appointments at taverns, and these at the taverns of such as must vote with them, for that was always the condition of the bargain. Here they gave many and abundant fees, and the bills were never taxed or looked into, but paid by their attorneys and agents."* * Rights of the freemen, page 42. This tract contains an extract from the writer of 1753 above mentioned, from which we take the following passage. "Their club was formed under the rule and government of two or three leading members. Here questions on all matters were previously put, how and in what manner sums of money are to be raised, and for what uses, and who is to be vexed for non-compliance with their measures ; who shall be mayors, sheriffs, common speaker, council man, alderman of the ward, &c. These schemes so laid are thus executed. Mr. Mayor, Mr. Sheriffs, and Mr. Common Speaker, put their power forward. Mr. Mayor must call a council, but so as to take care none but his own party know for what end ; he counts noses, and if he sees all safe, that the majority is of the sides of the junto for to raise money, make freemen, or put in or out of office, or undertake law suits to vex others, or to pay an unreasonable bill of costs; pop! it is proposed, sure is the word, it's passed, but if the majority be not on his side, he either proposes some indifferent matter, or dismisses the council till further opportunity. The orders of the club being thus put into action, (if it might not be put to account of the contingencies,) is posted. If there be the least danger of an opposition, the friends far and near are summoned, and Mr. Mayor takes care to make his posting quadrate with the time of their arrival ; but if they 12 XCVl INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. Their power seems to have been quite established in the year 1740; for we find it objected against them, that from about that year to the year 1753, no pubHc accounts were examined. Formerly they interfered actively in parliamentary elections. We are unable to ascertain when the party assumed the form of a club. The earliest document in the possession of their Secretary, is a list of their members in the year 1 740. The principles of the club have not been committed to writing. Their journals consist merely of the admission or rejection of new members, with some expulsions of old ones, for acting in opposition to the rules of the body. The enemies of the club, in their disappointment, looked back with some favour on the former corporation and the government of the old aldermen,* who, we are told, though less active in the support of their own influence, were more opulent than the present,! and who though they usurped all power, disposing of the public money and all employments, and moulding the corpo- ration according to their pleasure by the admission of freemen, not according to right but by favour, ;]: yet supported the dignity of the city and the magistracy ; erected several good and useful chance not to be punctual, or that he thinks the question is like to go against his friends, he has an adjournment at hand till things are ripe : mean time, all hands to work, the whole junto operate ; it is consulted who has an inter- est with such a freeman; who has influence upon another; and if they or any of them are rusty, he must be turned out of office ; if he be in trade, they nor any they can influence must deal with him ; if he is in debt, he must be pushed to compliance ; if it happens he is not indebted to one of the junto, his debt or note must be bought up ; if they cannot make the person to whom he is indebted to work him to their end, another must have a present, and some expectation in future, to bring him to the lure or pecuniary daub, to be ushered in the next bill of costs, probably under the notion of such or such a consultation ; or he must have an entertainment at his house, and the bill must neither be inspected nor docked ; if he is a lawyer, he must be employed in their suits ; if an attorney, the same ; the first must have his fees doubled, and the latter must make a large bill of costs, not to be inspected into nor taxed, and in all cases Mr. Mayor and the rest of the operators in the scheme must be indemnified, let him or them act ever so partially, as it is to serve the interest of their side, out of the city money,"* * ib. page 53. * Rights of the freemen, p 27. t il'. p. 59. + ib. p. 5. INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. XCVll buildings ; took care to make the servants appointed by tlieni do their duty, and suffered no embezzlements of the public funds ; and our author asserts, that it was believed by most people, that they were more scrupulous of mispending or mis- applying the public money than their own.* It is possible that these representations may be partially true, for the opulence of the old aldermen before alluded to, might, if considerable, have placed them comparativsly above sordid motives, and made them content with power and patronage, Mr. Henry Boyle, of Castlemartyr, one of the national party called patriots, took part against the club, and became tlie chief supporter of its opponents. In this he did not merely keep his party together, but he exercised so commanding an influence that the club was furnished with a cogent argument in favour of their cause. They proclaimed that their endeavours were directed to save the city from the condition of a borough ;f and there seems no reason to doubt their claims or their merits in this respect. Whether the Boyle family had formerly possessed influence over the aldermen we have no means of deciding, but from the total silence of all our authorities we are confident they had not. On the election of corporate officers in the year 1751, parties were nearly balanced and the contest v^as very violent. The election lasted two days. The first was occupied with the choice of the commons speaker ; the second with that of the magis- trates. The victory was gained by the club at an expense (as their opponent asserts) of £1000. A parliamentary election quickly followed, and though on this occasion the freeholders were a portion of the constituency, the club took a prominent part in the transaction, and with so much zeal, that one of its leading members was said to have offered £500 for the encourage- ment of a subscription in support of its interest. Mr. Thomas Newenham of Coolmore, was put forward by Mr. Boyle, and supported by his influence ; his competitor was Mr. Henry Cavendish, supported by the friendly club. On this occasion we find the state of affairs thus described by a partisan of Mr. • Rigtitk of the freemen, pp. G, 27. fib. p. 30. XCVm INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. Newenham's.* *' This city, sir, of ours, has very little curious or worth the attention of a traveller ; we have but few public buildings of any note and as few places of genteel diversion ; our people mostly mind the grand article of their trade which gives us a name abroad and brings us money home ; yet makes but a small shew amon^ the~people, being engrossed by a few who have neither a benevolent spirit to do any public good, or a heart open to any thing more than barely their own necessities ; indeed a spirit of pride and party zeal reigns in a high degree with many, who sticK not at great expense in actions base and quite unworthy the dignity of men. No public advantage is proposed by one, but, by the other party it's opposed ; thus they clash for envy or contention, and the good all would desire, by none can be obtained. This spirit enters every act, every scene of public concern in our city. We now have a place of dignity just void, and all hands and hearts are at work to fill the same ; the reigning party fury now roars and gnashes her angry teeth as fearing her power will sink in supplying this vacancy. The city's quite wild ; some say one man, some say another shall be put in ; and to enforce it, some spend their money, some waste their time, few consider the worth of either, but most like madmen, act as wild fancy governs or party zeal commands." We are introduced by this writer to supposed meetings of the leaders of the club, and of others within its influence, under fictitious names, indicative of their personal characteristics. An abstract of the pamphlet stating the real names of the individuals, will be found in the appendix. One of them was alderman Adam Newman, who was afterwards in 1773 presented with the freedom of Dublin in a silver box, for his spirited con- duct as a magistrate in protecting the trade and manufactures of Ireland ; from which we may infer that the club did not differ from Mr. Boyle on national questions. The same may be inferred from the absence of all accusations against the club on these points in every tract we have seen. The pamphlet before us indeed alludes to the candidate put forward by the club, as a * These particulars are obtained from a tract or squib, entitled, "A ramble through Bagdad, in a letter from Philologos to his Friend. Bagdad : printed by Young Cutty Mamy, 1751." INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. XCIX foreigner born to hate us, and the dangerous state the kingdom was in, of being swallowed up by the interest of another ; but seems to have no ground for the alarm, except the circum- stance of the candidate being an Englishman. Altogether this pamphlet is very dull and pointless ; but it serves to shew the violence to which party strife may arrive without any marked difference of political opinions; a state of things at present observable in the United States of A.merica. There was it seems no catholic or antinational party of note or activity sufficient to unite the parties before us, against what they would have con- sidered a common enemy. The club did not comprise the freeholders, and was less successful in the parliamentary than the civic contests; for we find that Mr. Newenham was elected. At the following general election in 1761, that gentleman was defeated, and the members returned were, Mr. Hely Hutchinson and Sir John Frek'e, Bart. The latter was an alderman of the city. This fact combined with the circumstance that Mr. Newenham was the defeated candi- date, leads to the natural supposition that the victory was gained by the exertions of the club. However this may be, we have dis- covered no traces of any ruling influence of the Boyle family in the city elections since that period; neither have we ascertained that the friendly club has since interfered in parliamentary contests ; but they have to the present day disposed of the election of city offices, almost without dispute. Up to a late period, the club was divided into parties under the leadership of particular individuals, distinguished by no difference of opinion or principle. This arose out of the natural endeavours of particular families to obtain the patronage of the city for themselves, their connexions and friends. Hence in elections for admitting new members into the club, it was usual for the candidates to be sharply opposed and black- beaned by those members who were not of the party under whose auspices they attempted to come in. But notwithstanding the difficulties which this course opposed to the admission of members, the numbers of the club became gradually so great that private influence had greatly declined, when the impendence of corporate reform destroyed the interest of its proceedings, the exertions of its members, and of cour&e, the exercise of influence, if any had survived. INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. The right to the freedom of the city by birth or servitude, which had been long denied, was at last asserted and established by the exertions of Mr. Richard Fitton, in the year 1777. Attempts were, some years ago, made to re-establish a similar right in all foreign artificers, &c. resident in the city, under certain rules formerly made by the Irish government, under the authority of an old statute,* and which had been acted on for several years. The question, however, was not brought to a judicial determi- nation. Had the attempt been successful, it would have transformed corporations more, perhaps, than the recent statute for re-modelling those bodies. The right claimed, was opposed on the plea, that the freedom under the act, was of an inferior or limited nature; but this could hardly have been true ; for one of the sheriflfs of Cork, in the year 1686, (Edward Tucker,") had obtained his freedom under the act, and in no other way. It appears, however, that the principal object of the rule, was to enable strangers to carry on trade in towns, which the corpora- tions at that time would not permit, but which has been since established here by long usage, in all branches, except, as it would seem, in the sale of butchers' meat. In this article, however, the corporation appears to deny the right even of free- men to dcal,except under their authority. f - In this city, former days were distinguished from the present, by an unaffected sociability, and a taste for public amusements. In Smith's time, (1750,) the citizens resorted to a planted green on Haman's marsh, where the mansion-house now stands, and were regaled by a band of music supported by subscription. In an assembly-house adjoining, were assemblies twice a week, besides a weekly drum, where card playing and dancing were practised. There was also a weekly concert of instrumental and vocal music, *]7 & 18 Car. II. c. 2. t It is probable that many interesting partrculars in the history of the city might be obtained from the council books of the corporation, by a more careful examination than we have been able to bestow on them. Our oppor- tunities have been insufficient for the examination of any document more j-ecent than the times when the Roman Catholics ruled the city, except a book of freemen's admissions. It is to be regretted, that the protestant council book, relating to the period between 165G and the revolution, is not now to be found, though in Smith's time it existed, and is quoted by him. INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. CI the profits of which were apphed to a charitable purpose.* A new assembly house was afterwards erected in Gcorgc's- street, where gay amusements are still remembered by many. In 1770, a large room with a music gallery and suitable apartments, was built in Tuckey-strect, for the use of a musical club which there held its meetings for several years. A great change has taken place in these matters ; the general reserve and exclusiveness of modern manners now confine frivolous amusements chiefly to private houses, and with the aid of an increasing religious spirit, have extinguished these establish- ments. The first mentioned assembly-house has furnished the site of a place of worship for the methodists; the second, for the independents, and the music room is temporarily used as a meeting-house of the Scots church. The principal theatre, built in 1759, has been lately destioyed by fire; and so feeble is the taste for the drama, that there is no likelihood of its being- rebuilt. In private society, protestants and Eoman catholics have little intercourse with one another : political differences now separate them rather more than formerly. Before Roman catholics obtained political influence, the more respectable portion of them kept aloof from politics, seeing little to be gained in their pursuit, and much advantage in social intercourse with protestants. It is a strange circumstance, that they have * On the 10th of January, 1744, the charitable and musical society came to a resohition to apply the surplus funds arising from the subscriptions and musical performances, to the support of the infirmary, now called the north infirmary. In the year ending in March, 1750, the surplus fund thus contributed, was £100 ; and in the same period, the subscribers to the infirmary contributed £275 12s. lOd., besides which, that establishment received, in the same year, £34 Is. 2d., the profits of a charity play, and a donation of £14 15s. 9d. The physicians were, Doctors Flagherty, Gifford, Frankland, Farmer, Bonbonous, Westrop, Grey, Power, Jenisson, Dominick Sarsfield and Bayly Rogers. The surgeons were, Messrs. Leslie, Daunt, Leplant, Byrne and Breviter; the apothecary, Mr. Herrick; the treasurer, Robert Dring, esq., and the secretary, the Rev. John Baily. The present state of the charitable infirmary of Cork, 1750. In 1721, a work entitled "Pietas Corcayie7isis," was published. It gives an account of charitable foundations, chiefly the Green-coat hospital, and contains engravings of that building, and Bietridge's and Skiildy's alms-houses. Cll INTRODUCTORY ESSAY not long ago placed themselves at the head of society in Cork. When we consider their amazing industry more than a century ago, as before described, and also their great numbers, we might (even upon the principle that "many hands make light work,") conclude, that they ought, before now, to have far eclipsed the protestants in wealth and station in the city. The contrary result has proved the author we have quoted, to have been a man of uncommon penetration. He tells us, as the reader may remember, that the Roman catholics of his day (1737,) had no regard to posterity, and that they considered nothing but the present. Certainly they left little of this world's goods to their posterity. It is only within the last half century, that substantial fortunes have been realized by the lloman catholics of Cork. Their legal inability to purchase land, before 1782, can by no means account for these circumstances, for they would hardly have been ready to retire from trade, and invest their fortunes in land much before that time. However, notwithstanding some expressions of Alexander, it seems probable that their industry in 1737 was successful chiefly in retail trade, and that wholesale trade, or that of import and export, was really beyond their means. This branch seems to have been confined to protestants, and not a numerous portion of tlrem. In the description of the citizens in 1751, contained in a foregoing extract, the reader may observe a statement that the trade of Cork, though great, was engrossed by a few. It appears to have been then, much more than at present, confined to persons of wealth and credit; this gave a monopoly to. capitalists, and kept trade in the hands of a sort of commercial aristocracy, who finding profits great and easily acqnired, usually transmitted their capital and pursuits to their posterity, and as success appeared pretty certain to those possessed of adequate means, country gentlemen were led to apprentice their younger sons to merchants. Hence most of the wealth of Cork, during the last century, was in the hands of families of standing and education ; and persons of fortune, had many inducements to reside in the city. Society acquired a refined and literary tone, following the taste of Pope and Addison, but of a feeble unsubstantial character. Versification seems to have been much in vogue, as was also essay writing. INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. CUl A volume was iniblished in 1771, onti(.l(xl,"lhe modern monitor," consisting of essays which had, I'rom time to time, appeared in a Cork newspaper, had been contribxited by several of the citizens, and may therefore be taken as a fair reflector of tlie prevailing taste. They indicate a certain amenity and graceful- ness in the public mind. Among the contiibutors, we have heard mention of Doctor Longiield, a physician of great emi- nence, and Mr. Henry Sheares, M.P. father to the more noted gentlemen of that name. We may also point to the inscription on the statue of king George II, as creditable to the classic taste of the city ; it is simple and touching, and most milike the generality of such compositions.* But we have said that the literary taste of our city was of an unsubstantial kind. To exemplify this, we may mention, that at a debating society! which flourished in former days, one of the topics of discus- sion was " the power of beauty," and the leading speaker, an old gentleman, opened his address with the following distich : — " Old as I am, for ladies' love unfit, The power of beauty I remember yet." Of late years, owing perhaps to the general system of credit, the trade of merchants is carried on as well by those who possess little or no capital, as by capitalists ; competition has thus been vastly increased, and profits lowered in proportion. Success can now be expected only by those who have a certain talent or tact in the pursuit as well as habits of industry, and consequently the mercantile profession is not, in general, regarded as a promising pursuit for young men possessed of some means. Hence, much of the wealth of Cork, is in the hands of persons wliose cliief accomplishment is a knowledge of politics; and so potent is the influence of wealth, that the example of these persons diff'uses a contempt for mental cultivation, beyond what is strictly necessary for the business of * It is as follows. " The citizens of Cork erected this statue to the memory of King George the lid, in gratitude for the many blessings they enjoyed during his auspicious reign, a.d. mdcclxii." f At this society new lines of streets were sometimes proposed, and their advantages discussed. Murphy's plan of Cork, of the date of 1789 gives the outlines of proposed improvements. 13 CIV JNTRODUCTORY ESSAY. life. It is no wonder tlierefore, that learning, science and the i\no arts, here receive no patronage. Public spirit finds no vent but in political struggles, or in activity at municipal boards, and science aims no higher than the investigation of " other people's affairs."* The foregoing remarks are applied to the more wealthy and more influential inhabitants. A better spirit has for some years prevailed among a comparatively humble class of the citizens. The public lectures formerly delivered at the Cork Institution, while that establishment received a parliamentary grant, diffused a taste for scientific knowledge among persons who had neither wealth nor influence sufficient to give or to procure support for the institution. The parliamentary grant was however with- drawn, on the principle, that if the public taste engendered by the institution, were too weak to procure private funds for its support, it was not worth the expenditure of public money. It is still kept alive by some small resources of its own, but receives no assistance from the citizens. Some exertions have been made to induce government to convert it into a university. A more feasible course would be the subscription of a few hundred pounds a year, for the restoration of its lectures. However, the good already done by the institution has not passed away, and knowledge continues to be cultivated for its own sake, by many who have least leisure for the purpose. Another establishment, the Cork library, founded in 1790, is in a flourishing condition, and the excellent works on almost all subjects, which are in daily demand among its subscribers, are a sufficient index of^the advanced state of knowledge among a portion of the community. "We hare before us a series of memoranda, kept from 1708, for about 20 years, which enable us to state the sums then paid by the principal inhabitants of Cork, for the education of their children. A sum of 2s. per quarter, or 2d. per week, was paid for a young child at school. With the age of the child, the sum varied from that rate up to 10s. per quarter, which however, seems * Lewis in bis Topographical Dictionary states, that many wealthy families from distant parts have been induced to settle in the neighbourhood of Cork. This is certainly a mistake, of which the best proof may be found in the names of the proprietors of seats and villas as given in that work. INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. CV to have commanded only an English education, including writing. Latin was taught at 10s. per quarter. At Voster's school, from 8s. to lOs. per quarter, was paid for writing and arithmetic. Sometimes these were paid for by the job, as 4 guineas or pounds for perfecting grown lads in them. Perfection in fencing was contracted for at a pistole; in navigation and surveying, at £3. Dancing was taught at from 10s, to 15s. per quarter; to play on the violin, at 15s. per quarter, the musician to teach three days in the week; also at lOs. The French language was taught at a crown per month ; two grown lads at a boai-ding-school in the country, paid £24 per annum, that is, £12 each. This procured them diet, lodging and education ; writing, however, and perhaps arithmetic being separately taught and paid for. There are also many memoranda relating to other things. The wages of men servants were sometimes £4 per annum, often £3. We find a brigadier-general's coachman paid £6 per annum; women servants were generally paid £3 per annum, but sometimes much less, as £2 or 30s. per annum, or 8s. per quar- ter, &c. A nurse received £5 per annum. The grazing of a horse was paid for ac the rate of from 14s. to 20s. a quarter, sometimes 18d. per week. To shave a gentleman, and powder his five sons hair, cost 5s. per quarter. Washing the clothes of him and his family, was usually contracted for at £8 a year, sometimes less ; baking for them at 3s 6d. per quarter. A foil to learn fencing with, cost Is. 3d. Butter in large quantities was bought at 3d. per lb. We find one instance of the rent of a stable, viz. £3 per annum. In the year 1712, the shoeing of a horse cost 5d. or 6d. This is surprizingly low ; perhaps it means a partial shoeing. In the same year, brandy cost Is. Ud. per quart: claret, from 9s. to 12s. per dozen: a peck of oats, 4d. : a quire of paper, 8d. We have before us an account for work done on " the south quay and slip," August the 28th, 1708. For this work, three barrels of lime cost 4s. : sand, Is. : stones, 83. : boatage of the stones, 5s. : mason's wages were 4s. Gd. : labourer's wages, 3:>. the funds for the work were paid by the respective constables of the south-east and south-west quarters of the city. ■ From another account it appears, that iu 171 1, the price of a barrel of lime was Is. 6d. ; the wages of a labourer lor one dav, CVl INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. 6d., and the v.'ages of a mason about the same uork, (apparently for one day,) Is. 6d. Low as the above prices and wages may appear, the rent of land m Ireland v/as much lower in proportion, being not much more than one-tenth of its present amount. The expense of living was perhaps about one-third or one-fourth of what it is at present. A younger son of an alderman of Cork, who studied at the Temple in London, has left a memorandum, stating his yearly expense there, to have been, on an average, £73 3s. per annum, from June, 1692, to June, 1697. Now supposing the expense of living to have since increased in the same proportion as the rent of land in Ireland, similar expenses in London at the present day, should be over £700 a year. Mention is sometimes found of remarkable houses in Cork. Thus in 1704, was "the great messuage or dwelling-house formerly of Christopher Rye, alderman, situate on the bridge of Cork." In 1712, were " the walls of an house commonly called the great house of St. Dominick's, in which the right hon. the late earl of Inchiquin formerly dwelt," with a garden behind and a little court-yaixl before it, bounded on the south v,'ith the old abbey wall, and on the east, with a lov/ partition wall which then divided it from " the open space commonly called the green." Two miles below the city, on the south banks of the river, are the walls of an old building, called Dundanion castle. This place belonged for several centuries, to the Galway family, leading citizens of Cork. They claim descent from John, brother of Ulick de Burgh, ancestor of the Clanrickard family, but this extraction is disputed by Mr. Hardiman, in his history of Galway, on very strong grounds.* * Their pedigree is printed in Burke's history of the commoners ; it is there stated that the above John de Burgh assumed the name of Galway, and that Geoffrey Galway, mayor of Gork in 1430, was his son, and married a daughter of lord Courcy. It is, however, most improbable that a citizen of Cork should be son and son-in-law to hibcrnicised lords, at a time when, as we have already shewn, mutual and implacable detestation and contempt separated these two classes. Since the first part of this essay was printed, we have found a manuscript ii^ the library of Dublin college, containing an account of the political and INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. CVll For more than two centuries, the corporation of Cork has possessed a jurisdiction more extensive, perhaps, than any other city in the United Kingdom. King James I. in the year 160.0, formed the city and the country around, for the space of three statute miles, into a distinct county. Commissioners were appointed to fix the houndaries of the new district. Tiiese persons seem to have used a very wide discretion, for they gave the citizens about twice as much land as the King's charter authorized. The boundary line is in almost every part much more than three statute miles from the city. On the north it is full seven miles ; on the south-east it is about six miles. Over this wide tract of country the crown was thenceforward deprived of the power of granting commissions of the peace, and resident gentry were of somewhat less importance there than in the parts beyond. Perhaps this may in some measure have been the reason that with the exception of the banks of the river, the north liberties have scarcely one resident landlord. By the provisions of the late statute, the whole of this great rural district v/ill be separated again from the city, except a portion nearly coinciding with the present legal suburbs on all sides except the east, where it will ciraiprise the hill osi the north side of the river, as far as the village of Ballinamought, and the Silver-spring road. We shall now add a few words on the modern progress of the city. Cork within its ancient walls, occupied tv/o marshy islands, separated by a small channel of the river,* still partly open near Fishamble-lane, and which continues its course beneath the houses at the south side of Castle-street, till it reaches the arches under the Grand Parade, at which place it religious views of the several classes of Irish, which was presented to the council of Spain, about the year 1618, on the part of the disaiFecteJ Irish. It is a very intelligent and dispassionate statement, and well worthy of perusal. * This channel and the Main-street, intersecting one another at right angles, divided the old island of Cork into four parts, called quarters,*over which separate high and petty consUbles were appointed, and which were separately assessed for public repairs. The external parts of the city were also divided in a similar manner ; however, from the changes since made in the mode of applotment, these divisions seem to have fallen into oblivion. — See Stat. 1 Geo. I. c. IS, where they are enumerated, and are said to have existed from time immcmuriul. CVIU INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. had passed the walled islands. There existed, however, from time immemorial, other marshy islands above and below the original city; and though the citizens in ancient times, extended .their improvements on the main-land to the north and south, many centuries elapsed before their exertions were directed towards the marshes ; however, in the reign of Charles II, the corporation began to grant leases of these tracts, and in a few years they became important portions of the city, which in 1750 according to Smith, was thrice as large as it had been forty years before. The advance or rather restoration of the city on the main-land, is of older date; in a tract printed in 1622, the parts on the hill about Shandon castle, are mentioned as an integral portion of the city.* In Storey's map, of which this work contains a copy, may be seen the extent of Cork, in 1690. We have seen how the corparation under the friendly club, Avere taunted with their neglect of public improvements. In 1760, they began to obviate complaints on this head; in that year, they purchased the houses at the north side of Tuckey's lane, for £1000, leaving the materials to the seller, and thus opened a good passage to Tuckey's bridge, leading to Dunscombe's marsh, then an advanced part of the city. In 1762, they erected on that bridge, a handsome equestrian statue of king George II. Improvements thus begun, were continued with redoubled energy. The shambles, which formerly occupied the bank of the before-mentioned channel near Castle-street, were transferred to an ampler space on Dunscombe's marsh ; Castle street was widened ; the water- courses which had separated the marshy islands, and then formed canals, intersecting the city in various directions, were gradually filled up or arched over, and with the adjoining quays thus added to them, formed those spacious streets by which Cork is * We extract the passage. "The citie of Corke hath his beginning upon the side of an hill which discendeth easily into one wide and long streete, the only principall and chiefe streete of the cittie. At the first entrance there is a castle called Shandon castle, and almost over against it a church built of stone, as the castle is a kind of marble of which that country yeeldeth store. The cittie hath many houses built of the same stone and covered with slate. But the greatest number of houses are built of tyniber or mudde walls, and covered with thatch." INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. OIX now tlistinguislicd. Old persons still t(>ll us of the " docks" as they were called, which brought ships to the doors of all the houses with the tides, and offensive efHuvia on the retreat of the waters. Those days have passed away, and the muddy channels are now superseded, by firm pavement. For many years however, Cork continued to present an appearance of neglect and filth ; the quay-walls of the rivor were of very rude construction until of late years, and the footways of the streets were not paved with flags,* until about the year 1826. We have not ascertained whether the "docks" were filled up at the expense of the corporation ; that body has long withheld its assistance from the improvement of the modern parts of the city, but admits an obligation to pave the ancient street called the Main-street, for which however, we have discovered no grounds. Most of the recent improvements have arisen from the establishment of certain boards having powers of taxation. The late Mr. Inglis, an experienced tourist, has pironounced Cork to be a very fine city, but deficient in public buildings. Since his sojourn here, that deficiency has been rapidly disappearing. The picturesque appearance of Cork is remarked by Mr. Inglis, who however speaks of it only in general terms. We would therefore direct the stranger's attention to the view from Pope's quay near the new Dominican chapel, towards the "west; the view from the South Mall both to the east and west; the views of the city from the ascent leading to Sunday's-well, from the northern bastions of Elizabeth's fort, and from various other elevated points, and lastly, to the views from the Navigation wall. The striking nature of these views is owing to the abrupt ascent of the hills, and the extension of handsome suburbs along their sides. The oldest of these suburbs seems to have been that called Sunday's well. This quarter from its supposed healthfulness was sometimes styled "Little Buxton." On a stone in the wall of a house is the word "Buckston," with the date 1 760. The steep side of the hill for a mile westward is crowded with * A part of the east side of the Novth-main-street had been flagged. This place was distinctively styled " the flags ;" there were also two small portions of flagged way oa "the Mall," now the east side of the Grand Parade. ex IjSTROIMTrTORY ESSAY. nival residences, many of them old fashioned and meanly buiU. This snburb is rather one of fashion, and has lost its reputation for superior salubrity : but the encreasing demand for country houses makes itself felt even in this quarter, and there have been several good ones lately erected here. The road leading eastward to Blackrock, on the south side of the river, seems next to have attracted attention as a site for country residences, and contains some houses of considerable age. But the moderate elevation of the ground, has compelled it to yield to the bill on the opposite side of the river, on which a nev/ and beautiful portion of the city is rapidly arising. In the year 1689 was erected St. Patrick's bridge, opening a convenient passage to this remarkable outlet. This bridge joins the marshy part of the city to the foot of a high and precipitous hill, up v/hich the street proceeds directly from the bridge and soon becomes too steep for any but pedestrians ; but from the lower part, roads branch off towards the east, affording easy ascents to lofty situations commanding bird's-eye views of the well known magnificent scenery of the river Lee. From the spread of improvement along its banks, the scenery has become so beautiful, that the citizens have imbibed an ardent taste for the enjoyment of fine prospects, and a house and garden on this hill are chief objects of ambition among all classes. This taste has long prevailed, but it received its chief impulse about ten years ago, when the new road towards Ballyhooly gave a new and more practicable passage up the hill, and brought into use as building ground a large space along its course. Since that period, a sort of Irish Clifton has sprung up. The houses are well built and faced with Roman cement, and a chapel of ease in the Gothic style with a handsome spire has been erected for the numerous population here congregated. The view of this rising suburb and the rest of the hill beyond it to the east, ■which has long been graced with fine mansion residences, is best seen from the navigation wall, a beautiful walk which strangers are not likely to find in their casual rambles. COUK HEMEMBRANCER. Cork, which for extent and importance has been for many years considered the second city in Ireland, derived its ancient names Corcach and Corcach Bascoin, from its situation on marshy islands, on the river Lee. Sir James Ware says that in the time of Ptolemy, the Coriondi inhabited the middle and northern parts of the comity ; he is of opinion that some traces of their name may be observed in the word Cork. The former derivation however appears to be the most probable. The city in latter times extended over other marshy islands, separated by channels, which have been since the middle of the last century arched over, and fomi the sites of some of the principal streets ; their direction and number may be observed in the map of the city of the year 1545, annexed to this work, at which period, the city appears to have been chiefly confined to two of those islands, separated by a channel of the river and connected by a bridge. The writer of the life of St. Nessan records that that saint was educated under St. Barr, at a school or monastery founded by the latter at Lough Eire, to which, as the habitation of wisdom, and the sanctuary of all christian virtues, such numbers of disciples flocked from all parts, that it changed a desert as it were into a large city. Where this lough was situate is a matter of uncertainty.* Sir James Ware says, " I take this lake called by the name of Lough Eire, to be that hollow or basin in which a great part of the city * It is not improbable that a small lake on the south-west siJc of the city, about twenty or thirty acres' in extent, ami culled " the Lough," is the lake alluded to, as is suggested iu the Introductory essay. ^ CORK REMEMBRANCER. of Cork now stands, and which the industry of the inhabitants hath from time to time reclaimed and built on :" It is described by the writer of the life of saint Talmach to stand in the south and maritime parts of Munster : And the author of the life of saint Barr acquaints us that that saint built a monastery, and made a settlement near this lough. Though this account does not deter- mine the precise spot where it was situated, it however gives rise to a presumption, that the city was originally built on a limestone rock, on the south side of the river, near the cathedral of St. Finbar ; yet it does not contradict the received opinion* of the city having been founded about the middle of the ninth century, and enclosed with walls by the Danes, who at the same time founded several other maritime towns. Such is Smith's opinion, who seems to have come to this conclusion from the circumstance, that the part enclosed with walls was different from, and excluded the sites of the Cathedral and Gill-abbey. Some suggestions on these matters will be found in the Introductory essay prefixed to this work. A.D. 125 -A- memorable battle was fought at Ard-Neimheidh, i. e. the Great Island between Niadh Nuaget and ^Engus monarch of Ireland, in which conflict the former recovered the crown of Munster from the latter. 528 The memorable battle of Cuille was fought, wherein great numbers of the people of this county perished. Keating says, that the ill success of this engagement was owing to the prayers of a devout woman who implored Heaven for vengeance on that people who had used her ill. 548 This year Munster was afflicted with a great plague, called in the Irish MSS. Chromchonaille, 604 Saint Colman, who is mentioned in the life of Saint Brendan to have been chief among the Saints, died in this year. It was he who founded the chm'ch of Cloyne. * Stanihurst, who wrote in the reign of queen Elizabeth, describes Cork as " an ancient city in the province of Munster, builded as it should appear, by the Easterlings or Norwaies :" these people are stated by Hooker to be the same as the Ostmen or Danes, of whom he also remarks that they " builded the ancientest and most part of the cities and towns upon or near the sea side, within that land, as namely, Dublin, Watcrford, Cork, Limerick and others." CORK REMEMBRANCER. d The Cathedral was founded and dedicated to Saint Finbarr, of a.D. G50 whom it is recorded that he Uved at Cloin, about fifteen miles from Cork, and died, in the month of October, a quiet death, surrounded by his friends, but in what year it is not certain. His body was conveyed to Cork, and there honorably buried iiT his church ; and his bones were put into a silver chest some time after. The writer of his life begins thus : " The most holy elect of God and most worthy Priest Barr, was born of the sept called Ibruin Ratha of Connaught." Bede mentions another plague through Ireland this year, and GG4 says, that on the third of May there was a great eclipse of the sun about the tenth hour. Another plague raged violently this year. 685 The city of Cork and the adjacent country were ransacked by 820 a fleet of Danes. In the latter end of March this year, Hugh Dorndighe, being 822 monarch of Ireland, there happened such terrible shocks of thunder and lightning, that above a thousand persons were destroyed between Corca-Bascoiu and the sea side. At the same time the sea broke through its banks in a violent manner, and overflowed a considerable tract of land. The island then called Inisfadda, i.e. the Long Island, on the west coast of this country, was forced asmider, and divided into three parts. This island lies contiguous to two others, viz : Hare Island and Castle Island, which, lying in a range, and the ground being low, might have been very probably then rent by the ocean. The city was devastated by the Danes. 833 During the reign of Connor, monarch of Ireland, this country 837 was miserably harassed by the Danes, who at that time began to settle in the island. Among other devastations, Inis-Damhly, i.e. Cape Clear, and also Cork, were plundered and burned. Feidlemid, son of Crinhain, was king of Munster at this time. 8io The Ulster annals describe him as the best of the Scots, a scribe, and an anchorite. His works, with the titles of them, are lost. Donaldus, called " scriba Corcagiensis," a learned man men- 874 tioned in the annals of the four masters, flourished about this time. Cork was this year burned and plundered by the Danes, who in 913 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A.D, the year 915 also (according to some manuscript annals in Irish) laid waste the greatest part of Munster, The following year they were defeated by the Munster men in a pitched battle ; but in Leinster, the Danes on their side vanquished the Irish. 918 The Danes of Munster, being then in peaceable possession of this Province, joined a party of their countrymen from Scandinavia, and sailed to Albania, i. e. Scotland, where they committed great ravages. 960 The Danes being at war with the Irish, burned and plundered Cork, which was also wasted by them in the years 978 and 995. It was then, and for some time afterwards, termed the " Great City of Munster." 1012 The Danes wasted the country in this year also, and in the following year a large Danish fleet sailed into the harbour and burned the city. Its inhabitants however avenged the outrage. 1016 The country still continued liable to the incursions and ravages of the Danes. 1025 Daniel O'Donoghue, king of Cashel, forsaking the world, died in holy orders in the abbey here. 1030 Cork was destroyed by fire. 1089 The Danes of Dublin, Waterford, and Wicklow, united their forces to attack Cork ; but they were overthrown in battle by the Irish of Oneachach, a part of South Carbery. Turlough, monarch of Ireland, father to Roderick O'Connor, king of Connaught, reduced Munster, and divided it into two parts, viz : Desmond, and Thomond, or North and South Munster. The first he gave to Donough Mac Carthy, who founded the kingdom of Cork ; and the other he conferred on Connor O'Brien. Dermot, the son of Turlough O'Brien laid waste and plundered the town of Cork, and sacrilegiously carried away the relics of Saint Finnbarr. 1134 The Abbey of Saint Finnbarr near Cork, which had been originally founded in the seventh century by the saint whose name it bore, was refounded about this year for regidar canons of the order of St. Augustin, by Cormac M'Carthy king of Munster ; or, as some say, of Desmond, in honour of Saint John the Baptist. CORK REMEMBRANCER. Sir James AVare says, It is probably the same as that which Saint A.. D. Bernard, in the life of Malachias, calls Monasterium Ibracense, built by king Cormac, and endowed by Dermot, son and successor of Coiinac, about the year 1 1 73. This abbey (the former name having been many years antiquated) was called Gille Abbey, from Gillgeda an abbot of great name there, and afterwards bishop of Cork, who died in the year 1173. Near it is a cave called in ancient MSS. the cave of St. Finbarr. The See of Cork was vacant about this year, and then "a 1140 certain poor man who was a foreigner, (as Saint Bernard says) but a man of sanctity and learning, was, by Malachy, archbishop of Armagh, nominated bishop, and sent to that See with the approbation and applause of the clergy and people." The Abbot of Cork assisted at the celebrated synod of Kells. 1152 Tundal or Tungal was born, either at Cashel or Cork, about this 1159 year. He fell into an ecstacy at Cork for the space of three days, and lay stretched out as if he were dead : at length rising up he told those present the wonderful things he had seen . Some say he committed his visions to writing, which Sir James Ware says are extant in manuscript in the University Library at Oxford ; but it rather seems that some one then present wrote them from his relation. Saint Mary's Abbey of Fermoy, or de Castro Dei, situated by 1170 the river Avenmore, was founded in the year 1170, and supplied, first with Cistercian monks from the abbey of Sury, but it afterwards received a new colony from the abbey of Furness, in Lancashire. Cork, and the adjacent country, are recorded to have been at this 1 172 time quietly possessed by the Danes or Ostmen. Saint Mary's Abbey of Maur, or de Fonte vivo, was founded by JUermot Mac Cormac. Dermod M'Carty, prince of Desmond, was one of the first Irish princes, who, acknowledging the sovereignty of Henry the Second, resigned his city of Cork to that monarch, and gave him hostages as a security to pay him a yearly tribute for the rest of his ter- ritory, which, on these conditions, he was to enjoy without further molestation or restraint ; and an English governor and garrison was thereupon immediately appointed to take possession of Cork. b CORK REMEMBRANCER. A. D. 1174 Raymond le Gros, having been appointed general over tlie King's troops by Strongbow, overran and ravaged the country without resistance ; and proceeding with his booty to Lismore, committed the hke depredations in this city and the adjacent lands. Having returned by the sea shorej he found thirteen boats lately come from Waterford, as well as from other places, and directed them to be laden with the booty, intending to have passed by water into Waterford ; but, tarrying there for a wind, the men of Cork, who had heard of their doings, being but sixteen miles from them, prepared two-and-thirty barks of their own town, and did well man and furnish them, being wholly determined to set upon Raymond, and if possible to give him the overthrow. Between both parties there was a cruel fight, the one giving a fierce onset with stones and spaths, and the other defending themselves with bows and weapons. In the end the men of Cork were overcome, and their captain, named Gilbert Mac Turger, was slain by a lusty young gentleman, named Philip Welsh. Adam Hereford, who was the general, or admiral of Raymond's navy, being well increased, and laden with great prey, then sailed in triumph to the city of Waterford. Raymond, who was not present, having heard of this fight, came up with reinforcements of twenty gentlemen and three score horsemen, and in his way met Mac Carty, king of Cork, who was coming by land with his forces to countenance the aforesaid attempt by sea of the Corcagians, and who intended to seize on the English boats, if they should be forced ashore as he expected; but " Raymond gave him such a brush that he got a prey of 4000 cows by the bargain," and brought them safe to Waterford. 1177 The kingdom of Cork, extending towards Limerick on the one side from the cape of St. Brendan on the sea coast, and as far on the other side as the water near Lismore, which runs between Lismore and Cork and falls into the sea, with the exception of the city and cantred* belonging to the Ostmen (Danes) of said city, was this year granted by Plenry the Second, to Robert Fitzstephen and Milo de Cogan. The whole land, however, as *A cantred is so much land as coutahis one hundred villages. rORK REMEMBRANCER. A. D. far asWateiford, together with the city of Lismore, was to remain ill the king's hands for the government of Waterford. Cork WIS devestated by the Mac Cartys, but subsequently subdued by the above mentioned De Cogan and Fitzstephen, who after tlie destructive consequences which their grant and its assertion entailed, proceeded on a pilgrimage to the romantically situated cathedral of Aghadoe, where they sojourned two nights in prayer and penitence. About this time Dermod M'Carty's son Cormac, rebelled against his father, and, having taken him prisoner, used him barbarously. Raymond le Gros, who was then at Limerick, at the request of the old king, marched to his relief, vanquished the rebellious son, and delivered him up to his father, who unnaturally smote off his head ; but not long after was himself slain by the men of Cork, at a parley not far from the town, when most of his company were also slain. For the service which Raymond rendered, a large territory in the county of Kerry (then reckoned part of the kingdom of Cork) was granted to him, where he settled his son Maurice, who married Catherine, daughter to Milo de Cogan, and there grew so powerful that he gave his name both to his posterity, and to a barony in the county ; the former being called from him Fitz Maurice (of whose family the Earls of Kerry were descended) ; and the latter Clanmaurice. Whilst Raymond was in the county of Cork he received a 1177 letter from his wife in these words : " Know my dear lord that my great cheek tooth, which was wont to ache so much, is now fallen out, wherefore, if you have any care or regard of me, or of yourself, come away with all speed." By this Raymond knew that Strongbow was dead ; but he wisely concealed it, and immediately returned to Limerick. In order to secure the quiet possession of this country, granted 1179 them by king Henry 2d, Milo de Cogan and Fitzstephen came to an agreement with Dermod king of Cork, and other Irish chiefs, to let them have 24 caiitreds at a small annual rent. They divided seven others, which lay contiguous to the city, between themselves, and agreed at the same time to divide equally the rent of the other twenty-four cautreds, which they had 8 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A- D. granted to the Irish. Fitzstephen granted three cantreds to his sister's son PhiUp de Barry, who soon after built the castle of Barry's Court, and, some say, also that of Shandon, near Cork. 1179 Cogan, Fitzstephen, and Philip de Broase, to whom the kingdom of Limerick had been given by king John, came to Cork by sea, where they were kindly received by* Richard de Londres, an English gentleman, who was deputy there under Fitzaldeline. 1180 About this time Amere, or Meridith, Fitzstephen's son, " a lusty young gentleman and a towardlie," died at Cork in March, to the great sorrow and grief of all his friends. Richard de Carew granted the church of Saint Coleman to the wealthy abbey of Saint Thomas in Dublin. Saint Mary's Abbey of Chore was founded this year, and supplied with Cistercian monks from the abbey of Nenagh in Limerick. 1182 The Mac Carty, renouncing his allegiance to the English government, marched to Cork, which Fitzstephen, in grief and consternation, almost despaired to defend. Raymond le Gros, however, who was then in Waterford, contrived, by a small embarkation of chosen troops, to reinforce the garrison ; and, by the terror of his name, and the skill and vigour of his operations, forced the men of Desmond to raise the seige, and ultimately to submit, and sue for peace. 1185 Upon King John's landing at Waterford the Lish nobility of these parts, that had hitherto continued their obedience to the English, came to welcome him ; but, being rudely entertained by the young men who attended him, they retired, forsook their habitations, and betook themselves to the king of Limerick, and related to him, and to the kings of Conaught and Cork, what had happened to them : upon notice whereof, they, who before were prepared to make their addresses to John, with profession of their obedience and fidelity, fearing greater mischiefs might follow from so ill a begimiing, though they were at variance before among themselves, now entered into a mutual confederacy, took up arms for the defence of their coimtry and liberty, and wasted and destroyed much of the English plantations. CORK REMEMBRANCER. » King John granted to this city its first charter, with all laws, A.D. 1185 customs, and privileges then enjoyed by the citizens of Bristol. Milode Cogan and young Fitzstephen, having occasion to treat with the people of Waterford, went to Lismore, to which place they were invited by one Mac Tirid, who stealing suddenly and unawares upon them, treacherously murdered them, and five of their servants; upon which, the Irish took up arms, and joining all their forces under Mac Carty, who still retained the title of King, they beseiged Cork, not doubting to expel all the English, and Robert Fitzstephen, then shut up in that place. Upon this exigency Fitzstephen despatched a message to Raymond le Gros, then at Wexford, for his assistance, who directly set sail with 100 archers and 20 knights, and coasting the country, made towards Cork with all the haste he could, " that he might release and comfort his friends, and be a terror unto his enemies." With this reinforcement Fitzstephen made a sally, and routed the Irish at the first onset. Nevertheless when the king heard of the aforesaid treachery, he sent Richard Cogan, Philip Barry, Giraldus Cambrensis, and a good party of horse and foot, to help Fitzstephen ; and, by their assistance, the kingdom of Cork was kept quiet for some time : but old Fitzstephen had but little benefit from it; for being much broken with age and mis- fortunes, he first lost his senses, and not long afterwards his life. Friar Clin, in his annals, says. There happened a great eclipse of the sun this year, after which it continued for some time of a bloody colour. Mac Carty of Desmond again marched against Cork ; but was on this occasion no less successfully opposed by Theobald Fitzwalter, the founder of the noble house of Ormond. He is recorded to have suddenly attacked the Irish prince, while in conference with certain men of Cork at some distance from the town, and to have slain him with his whole party. Cork was besieged by Mac Carthy of Desmond, and would 1195 have fallen into his hands but for the jealousies and disunions which have ever been fatally prevalent in our island: on this occasion, however, these circumstances only suspended the fate of Cork for a short inteiTal ; for the garrison, in want of B 10 CORK REMEMBRANCER, A.D. provisions, and hopeless of succour, surrendered soon after to a more successful assault of the prince of Desmond. 1198 This year died Eichard de Carew, a man of great power and name in the kingdom, who built several castles in this county. 1199 John Despencer was made provost of Cork: he is the first magistrate of that city on record. 1203 The romantic history of John De Courcy, earl of Ulster, connects itself at this period with Cork. Sir Hugh de Lacy the younger, earl of Meath, who had foiTnerly been joined with De Courcy in the government of Ireland, (but was now governor himself,) having charged him with disrespectful reflections upon the king's character, for having murdered his nephew Arthur, duke of Britany, was ordered by the king to seize the Earl and send him prisoner to England. Lacy, being the Earl's grand enemy, gladly obeyed the command ^ and several times attempted to take him by force, but without success. At length De Courcy oflfered the combat ; which, however, De Lacy refused, alleging " that it was not for him, who represented the king's person, to hazard his life with an inferior, whom he considered as a subject and a traitor :" and he at the same time, by proclamation, promised a large reward to those who should seize and deliver De Courcy to him dead or alive. This proving ineffectual, he, in the next place, practised secretly with some of the attendants and followers of that chieftain ; and, by bribes and promises, prevailed upon them to betray their master. Having chosen their opportunity v/hen he was doing penance near the church of Downpatrick on Good Friday, (" on which day yearly", say the annals, " he wore no arms, but was wholly given to divine contemplation, and used to walk all solitary round that church yard,") they rushed upon him, and attacked and killed some of his retinue, particularly two sons of Almoric de St. Laurence, who laboured to defend their uncle. De Courcy, however, with his usual prowess, seizing a wooden cross, which stood in the church yard, killed with that weapon thirteen of his assailants ; but was at length overpowered, bound and led captive beyond the seas, and condemned to perpetual imprisonment in the Tower of London : *' whereupon," continue the annals, " Lacy, for that service, had. CORK REMEMBRANCER. 11 the earldom of Ulster given him, and the Judases that betrayed A- D. their master had their hire. They craved of Sir Hugh a passport* into England, which was granted, on condition that, on pain of death, they should never return to Ireland ; and a bark was provided for them with sail and victuals, but no pilot or seafearing man, so that for want of skill they coidd not take the seas ; but were tossed with wind and weather along the coast, until at length the tide brought them into the river of Cork, where they were apprehended, brought to Sir Hugh de Lacy, examined, " and forthwith all four hanged cheek by jole." In the mean time the earl of Ulster was confined in the tower, until a dispute arose between king John of England, and Philip Augustus king of France, about the title to the dutchy of Normandy, which, to hinder the greater effusion of human blood, was referred to two champions to decide. The French champion was ready ; but none of king John's subjects would answer the challenge : upon which the king was informed that John De Courcy, late earl of Ulster, who was then a prisoner in the tower, was the only man in his domonions who could do it, if he would undertake it. The king, being thus informed, sent twice to the earl for that purpose ; but he refused each time, saying " not for him ; for I esteem him zcn- worthy the adventure of my blood hy reason of the un- grateful returns he made for my services and loyalty to the crown in imprisoning me unheard at the suit of my rival and enemy Hugh de Lacy r But the king sending the third time to know if he would fight for the honour of his country, he *This Passport was worded as follows : Hugh de Lacy, Lord Justice of Ireland, servant to my dread Sovereign Lord king John, to all them that shall read these few lines greet : Know ye that these men, whose names are underwritten, sometimes served Sir John De Courcy, (late earl of Ulster, but now in durance in the Tower of London,) and for a sum of money betrayed their own master into my hands. I deem them no better than Judas the traitor : how hardly soever I have conceived of Courcy, I hold them to be a thousand times more damnable traitors. Wherefore let no subject in the king's dominions give them any entertainment ; but spit in their faces, and suffer them to rogue and wander about as Jews. 12 CORK REMEMBRANCER. ^- ^- made this answer, that ^^for the crown and dignity of the realM^ in which manij an honest man Uveth ayamst his will, (meaning the king's) I shall he contented to hazard my life .'' upon this he was released from the tower, "cherished, made much of, and fed wonderfully." The day of combat being appointed, (hi Nor- mandy) the earl's ov/n sword was sent for out of Ireland ; but when the day came, and everything was ready for the fight, and the champions had entered the lists in the presence of the kings of England, France, and Scotland, the trumpets having sounded the charge, the champions issued out and viewed each other, De Courcy eyed his adversary with a wonderfully stern countenance,- and passed by. The Frenchman, not liking his grim look, nor the terrible weapon he bore in his hand, and "taking him for a monster on accoimt of the great bulk he had arrived at, from the change from hard keeping to so large an allowance in diet," when the trumpets sounded the last charge, set spurs to his horse, broke through the lists, and fled into Spain, from whence he never re- turned. The French champion having thus taken his flight, the victory was adjudged to the earl of Ulster ; but the kings^ hearing of his great strength, and being willing to see some trial of it, ordered a helmet of excellent proof, full faced with mail, to be laid upon a block of wood, which the earl, frowning upon the kings with a stern countenance, cut asunder with one blow, and struck his sword so deep into the wood, that none there present but himself could draw it out again ; which sword, with his armour, are to this day preserved in the tower of London. When, therefoi'e, he had plucked it forth, the kings asked him why he looked upon them with such a grim and froward countenance before he gave the blow to the helmet. He answered, that if he had missed in his stroke, he would have killed all the whole company, as well the kings as others : but all was taken in good part. After this noble performance, the king restored him to his foiTOer titles and estate, which was valued at that time at 25000 marks sterling per annum, a vast income in those days, and likewise bade him ask for anything else in his gift he had a mhid to, and it should be granted. Upon which the earl replied, he had titles and estate enough ; but desired that he and the CORK REMEMBRANCER. 13 heirs male of his family after him, might have the privilege, ^^- D. after their first obeisence, to remain covered iu the royal presence of him and his successors kings of England, which the king granted, and the said privilege is preserved in the fanaily to this day.* The earl afterwards arriving in England, attempted fifteen several times to cross the seas from thence into Ireland, but was every time put back by contrary winds, whereupon, he altered his course, and went into France, where he died in the year 1210, leaving issue by Africa, his widow, (daughter to Godfrey, king of the Isle of Man and of the western isles of Scotland,) Wyles, his heir and successor. Myles who succeeded, was one of the bail or sureties for his father's fidelity on his being released out of the Tower in order to ficrht the French champion, as appears by the records of the fourth year of the reign of King John in the Tower. He was kept out of the earldom of Ulster by Hugh de Lacy, who had a grant *TIie first Lord who asserted this privilege was Almericiis, who, being very handsome in his person, and of a tall stature, attended King William's court, and, being admitted into the presence chamber, walked to and frO with his hat on his head. The King, observing him, sent one of his attendants to enquire the reason of his appearing before him with his head covered, to whom he replied, he very well knew in whose presence he stood, and the reason why he wore his hat that day was because he stood before the king of England. This answer being told the King, and his lordship approaching nearer the throne was required by his Majesty to explain himself, which he did to this effect : " May it please your Majesty, my name is Courcy, and I am Lord of Kinsale in your kingdom of Ireland. The reason of my appearing covered in your Majesty's presence is to assert the ancient privilege of my family, granted to Sir John de Courcy, earl of Ulster and his heirs, by John King of England, for him and Lis successors for ever." The King replied, he remembered he had such a nobleman, and believed the privilege he asserted to be his right ; and, giving him his hand to kiss, his Lordship paid his obeisance, and remained covered. Another and more recent instance of the assertion of this privilege occurred not many years since : Lord Kinsale, being in the company of King George the Third, remained covered notwithstanding the presence of several ladies, upon which his Majesty, walking over to the place where he stood, tapped him on the shoulder, and said ; " I am aware, my Lord, of your right to remain covered in my prcscuce, but you should recollect that you are in the presence of ladies also." 14 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A. D. of it from king John on taking the late earl and sending him prisoner to London ; for on Myles's claiming the earldom on his fathers death, Lacy replied, that he would maintain king John's last grant of it to himself, since the earl never returned into Ireland to reverse his outlawry ; and the said Lacy, being a great favourite of the king's, and a very powerful man, Myles was forced to give up his pretensions ; but was created Baron of Kinsale, by patent dated the 29th May 1223, and died in the beginning of Henry Ill's reign. 1208 November 8 — King John, by patent dated at Woodstock, (whereuntoMeylerFitzHenry,Lord Justice is witness) did confirm to William Fitz Philip Barry the three cantreds of Olethan, Muskry — Dunegan, and Killedy, which Fitzstephen had given his father in the kingdom of Cork, to be held of the king by ten knight's fees. 1210 Cork was this year, with eleven other counties, made shire ground by King John, who appointed sheriffs and other proper officers to govern them. 1214 The Grey Friary was founded here, and dedicated to the blessed Virgin Mary. 1216 King Henry III. wrote a letter to the archbishops of Dublin and Cashel, to consecrate Geoffry White, bishop of Cork, and therein gave him the character of a learned, provident, and honest man. 1224 St. Mary's Abbey of Tracton was founded in this year, and supplied with Cistercians from the abbey de Alba Lauda, at Maridun in Wales : the possessions were confirmed by Edward the III, whose effigy on horseback cast in brass was heretofore hung up in the church, in testimony of the gratitude of the friars. 1229 The Dominican Friary was fovuided here by Philip Barry in this year. 1231 The convent of minorits, near Youghal, was founded by Maurice Fitzgerald, on the south side of the town, about this year. He died on the 8th of May 1257, having taken the habit of this order, and was buried in the church of this convent. He is said to have been the first that introduced this order into Ireland. 1234 April 1 — There appeared in Cork, and several other places, the resemblance of four great suns, besides the natural sun, of a red CORK REMEMBRANCER. 15 A.D. colour ; and a great circle of crystal colour, from the sides whereof went out half circles, in the divisions whereof the four suns went forth. A charter was granted to the citizens of Cork. 1235 AVilliam de Barry founded the Priory of Ballibeg, near Butte- 1237 vant, for Augustin canons ; the revenues of Mhich David his son enlarged in this year. The friary of the order of minorits near Cork, was founded by 1240 Philip Prindergast. John de Cogan, who was a descendant of Milo, and Theobald 1217 Butler, were this year Lords Justices of Ireland. The prince of Desmond was intended in the Grey Friary. Felcon records, that in this year there was a marvellous and strange earthquake all over Ireland and all the west of the world, and that there followed immediately a continual untem- perature of the air. The winter was stonny, cold and wet, and continued so until the 11th of July, insomuch that the gardeners complained that winter was turned to summer, and summer to winter, and that they were like to lose all and be undone. Another charter was conceded to this city. 1252 A quarrelhaving arisen between the Carties, and the O'DriscoUs, 1260 the O'Donavaies, Mac Donoch, Mac Mahonna, the Mac Swmes, and the inhabitants of Muskerry, they weakened themselves so much on all sides by their cruel dissentions that the Desmonds in the end overcame them all. Thomas Fitzmaurice founded a friary near Youghal this year, 1268 or according to Clyn 1271, in which the friar's preachers seated themselves. The Bishop of Cork granted the chapel of St. Nicholas to the 1270 abbey of St. Thomas. A grant was made for enclosing the city with a wall. 1284 About this time David Barry, lord of Butte van t, founded the i290 monastery of the order of minors there. A general chapter of franciscans was held here. 1291 The Dioceses of Cork and Cloyne, were this year valued, for the purposes of Pope Nicholas's taxation. (For the particulars of which see appendix to this work.) 16 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A.D. 1301 The citizens of Cork were, by the king's order, required to send two ships, fully manned and equipped with arms, to the royal quarters at Berwick, for service in the Scottish invasion. In this same year, various members of the Barry family had license to grant certain churches and lands to the nunnery of St. John the Baptist, in St. John's street, in the subiubs of Cork, for their support. John De Courcy, baron of Kinsale and Eingroane, together with his brother Patrick, were slain in the island of Inchydony, by Daniel Mael Mac Carthy Reagh, and the Irish of Carbery. His grandson Miles De Courcy, baron of Kinsale, overthrew Florence Mac Carthy More, with a great army of his followers, in a battle near Eingroane, and drove them into the Bandon river, where many of them were drowned. 1303 March 24 — John and Michael, sons of John De Cogan, were given the keeping of the peace, until the coming of the Justices of Ireland to Cork. August 8 — The king signified to the bishop of Cork, his assent to the election lately made at the conventual church of the Cave of St. Finn Barr, of Thomas O'Fyn, canon of that house, to the abbacy of the same. Oct. 15 — The bailiffs and men of Cork, obtained permission to pay the expense of a conduit for supplying the city with water, out of certain tolls called murage, which they had for six years, and which were granted to the cities of Ireland, for the purpose of building or repairing their walls. 1305 Baltimore was burnt. 1307 John Barry built a house for minorits at Castle Lyons. 1309 Jan. 23 — The King, by writ commanded all the sheriffs and bailiffs in Ireland to assist Walter Turtle, citizen of Cork, in recovering and levying his debts. The sheriff of Cork was commanded to choose another coroner, in the place of Richard Cod, who was attacked with a paralytic disorder. Hugh de Wynchecumbe, and William Browne, provisers of the victuals of Henry the first at Youghal, were paid £108 6s. 8d. for fifty casks of wine, bought by them, of the townsmen of CORK REMEMRRANCER. 17 Youghal, and sent to Skynburn, lor the household expenses A. D. of the king. Oct. 18. — The Dominicans and Franciscans of Cork, received their annual allowance of 35 marks from the Royal Treasury. JSTov. 30. — ^ John Fitz-David de Barry and Maurice de Rochfort, I^'^IO were appointed conservators of the peace, in the counties of Cork, Kerry and Limerick. March 24. — The king commanded the sheriff of the county 1311 of Cork, to pay, out of the money, due in his Bailiwick to his Majesty, the sum of £10 to Henry de Cogan, for the expenses attendant upon the assizes. Sir Roger de IMortimer, who was appointed Lord Justice, 1317 landed at Youghal, with 38 knights, to oppose Edward Bruce, who had invaded Ireland with a powerful army, and had caused himself to be proclaimed king at Dundalk. Au(^. 20. — The lands in the county of Cork, which belonged to the friars of the hospital of St. John of Jerusalem, having been devastated by wars, a grant was made, empowering them to take up said lands, and grant them to other tenants. Dec. 7. — The ordinance lately made at Cork, by sir Roger de Mortimer and his council, that the gate in the wall of the city, nearest to the house of the preaching friars, should be in the keeping of the mayor, bailifls, and other honest men of the city, was at this time confirmed by the king, as a favor to the friars. Dec. 8. — The mayor of Cork was commanded to permit the messengers of the bishop of Cork, to carry £100 into England, notwithstanding the prohibition against remitting money out of Ireland. The king confirmed the grant, made in the time of Piers de Gavaston, lieutenant of Ireland, to David 0"i\Io!othyn, an Irishman of Henry de Cogan, that he and his sons, and daughters, and their issue, might use English law. Dec. 12. — The king pardoned Dermot M'Carthy, prince of the Irish of D-Jsmond, Dermot (his son) and others, their transgressions. Dec. 13. — In consequence of the services of Robert Baret, aganist the king's enemies, in all the marches under his authority, c 16 CORK REMEMfiRANCER. A.D. the king granted to his son WiUiam, the arrears of two parts of the lands of Gronagh, in this county, which had come into the hands of the king. Dec. 28. — The king, in a mandate to the Bishop of Corky presented Geoffrey Fitz-John de Cogan, to the church of the blessed Mary de Catheragh, in the donation of the king, by reason of his wardship of the land, and heir of John de Cogan. 1318 Jan^ 6. — It having been found by inquisition, that a certain stone house in the city of Cork, the property of Nicholas de la Wythye, a citizen of Cork, had been lately taken to keep the county prisoners in ; the mayor and bailiffs were ordered to pay to him, out of the farm rent of the city, as well, £26 which was in arrear, as 104s. per annum, (its yearly value) as long as it should remain in the hands of the king. Jan. 8. — The king, at the instance of John Fitz-David cle Parry, granted that the commonalty of the town of Buttevant (the property of said John) should have, in aid of enclosing said to\yn, £105, of the murage lately granted to them. Jan 18.— Walter Turtle, at this time, had letters of exemption from offices in the city of Cork. Jan 20. — John de Logan, clerk, and the mayor of Cork, were appointed to take recognizances of debtors there. The king freed the mayor, bailiffs and commonalty of the city of Cork, from giving an account of the murage, hitherto taken by them in the city, and also from paying for the guaging of wine, except as hitherto ; and gave them power to arrest all convicted of debt before them, until they should make satisfaction, as was accustomed in past time ; and ordered that no stranger shouki carry arms in the city, against the will of the citizens. Jan. 21 — -The serjeancy of Olethan and Imokilly was granted to Reginald Russel and Margaret his wife, to be held in the form, granted by Edward I. to Thomas Fitz-Maurice and said Margaret, 1319 -^ grant was made for paving the streets, constructing bridges, and erecting quays in the city of Cork. Dec. 3. — Government made an order at Cork, that Mathew Fitz-Gerald, sheriff of Kerry, should admit all prisoners to bajl;^ CORK REMEMBRANCER. 19 Sis tliere was no sufBcient prison in that county, for keeping them A D. in. Dec. 10. — John Fitzsimon was appointed sheriff of the county of Cork, A nunnery was founded here, and endowed with certain lands, 1320 tithes and rectories. May 17. — Henry de Thrapstown, clerk, was granted a sum of £600 for certain purposes relative to " divers magnates of Ireland, men-at-arms, Sec." who were proceeding to Munster, against the rebels. July 15 — Permission was given to Maurice Fitz-Thomas, and John Fitz-Piei-s le Poer, to treat with any felons of their families and surnames, or any of their followers ; and the sheriff of Cork was commanded to postpone arresting them. Aug. 30. — Writs were addressed to various parts of Ireland, 1321 and amongst others, to the sheriff of this county, reciting the warlike preparations of the king of France, and ordering the ships, in the port, and on the coasts, to be got ready with all haste, for war, and absent ones to be recalled, to attack and destroy all ships of war, belonging to the French king, except those of Flanders ; and commanding all sailors to give up any hostility to sailors of Bayonne, and other places, and join them in damaging French subjects, and to seize and detain all French ships and subjects with their goods. Oct. 12. — The justices of Ireland were commanded to order all sheriffs, without delay, to seize and keep in custody, the persons and goods of all Frenchmen, and their adherents in Ireland, who had no lands or tenements, unless they made oath and gave security for their good behavioiu*. Nov. 5. — The mayor and bailiffs of Cork were ordered to seize a ship, of which William Bonewell was master. Feb. 10. — The mayor and bailiffs received oixlers, to seize 1325 and keep all the men and merchants, who were natives of certain of the king's dominions in France, then in rebellion. 3Iay 15. — ^The King commanded the sheriff of Cork, to cause David, son of Alexis Roche, to give a reasonable aid of his knights and freeholders towards making the eldest son of the king, a kn ight. 20 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A.D. June 18 — A similar command was issued to the sheriff of Cork, to catise David Fitz Eichard, to give aid of his knights and freeholders, towards the marriage of the king's eldest daugher. Jicne 28 — The king having heard, that Arnold le Poer intended to assemble many men at arms and footmen, in order to attack his faithful subject, Maurice Fitz Thomas, sent a mandate to him to desist, July G. — John Courcy was removed from his office of coroner, of the cantreds of Obakun, and Kynaletherthragh, in the county Cork, because he was afraid to perform the duties of his office. 1326 July 21. — By writ dated at Kilkenny, the sum of £10 was ordered to be paid, out of the treasury, to Rose Wogan, wife of Nicholas de la Wythye, for- two years rent of a stone house in Cork, let out by her, fox- keeping the king's prisoners in, from the 20th July 1324, to the 20th July, 1326, accoi-ding to agreement, made with her by the lord justice and council. JSTov. 15, — The sum of £10 was paid to Walter de Kerdiff and Cambinus Donatus, citizens of Cork, towards repairing the gaol, which then stood in such need of repairs, that no prisoners could be kept safely therein, until it were (as it was afterwards) built anew. Dec. 12— 'The king's faithful subjects, complaining that certain great men, as well English as Irish, had confederated together, and had sworn to one another, to rise, and perpetrate divers evil deeds against them ; the sheriff was commanded to make proclamation through his whole county, that no man hold conventions or meetings for such purposes, or aid the confederates privately or openly, and to seize any whom he should find in fault. J327 The prisage of all wines, imported into Cork, which had long previously belonged to the Butler family, was in this year, confimied to James le Botiller, The Irish staple for wools and skins, which king Edward II. had fixed at Cork, Drogheda and Dublin, was confirmed. 1330 Edward the III. granted another charter to the city of Cork. 1332 The Mac Carthys were defeated by the English, and (according to Clyn] Dermot Oge Mac Carthy, king of Cork was slain. COllK REMEMBRANCER. 21 Oct. IS. — John le Waleys, ono of the coroners of the county of A. D. Cork, in the cantreds of Muskry-Doupgan and Fermoy, having been so violently treated in those cantreds, that he was unable to proceed to execute his ofHce, without the greatest danger ; the king, at the instance of Henry de Cogan, commanded the sheriff to cause him to be removed, in full county, in the accustomed form. A''ov. 18. — John, Bishop of Cork, became liable to the king, for 1335 one hundred shillings, in consequence of the escape of John Fitz John IMartel, a felon, who (according to the justice's report,) being a literate person, had been given into his care. It was afterwards stated however, that he had never been given into the bishop's care, but was killed by the gaoler, on attempting to break out of the prison, in consequence of which, and of the bishop's having done good service in allaying disturbances in the county at a former period, the fine was remitted. Jan. 1. — Robert de Caun ton, knight, was paid one hundred 133G shillings, for keeping the person of Guydo deCaunton, a felon and rebel, lately taken near Cork, and for bringing him from Cork to the castle of Dublin. Aug. 2-1. — John Darcy, justice of Ireland, was at this time engaged in an expedition against Donald O'Carbragh M'Carth}', and M'Dennot, felons in the county Cork. March Mil — A pardon was granted to Ismanie O'Donnyld, 1338 who had been guilty of abetting the murderers of a woman named Balagh Ynycodely. Bonfires and ^aMf?^5 were solemnized in all the land upon the 1340 decease of the lord justice, sir John Darcy, whose lady, being a miserable sot, had led him to extortion and bribery. Certain additional privileges and liberties were granted to the 1342 mayors and citizens of Cork. The mayor and bailiffs of Cork were required to cause proclama- 1344 tion to be made in this city, that no minister of the king, no archbishop, bishop, earl, &.c. or other person regular or secular, of whatsoever rank, with the exception of merchants and their servants, should be permitted to pass out of Ireland, without the king's special license ; and to arrest all persons offending, and to seize their ships, masters and mariners. 22 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A. D. The sheriff of Cork was fined, for not returning the writ against Wilham de Barry, at suit of friar John Larcher, prior of the hospital of St. John of Jerusalem. jlug. 18. — The king committed to William Fitz-David deRoche of Ballymolgole (Ballymagooley), the county of Cork, with the appurtenances, to be kept at the king's will ; and commanded, all persons of said county, to act towards him as towards the king's sheriff ; and ordered Nicholas de Barry, the late sheriff, to deliver up to him said county with the rolls, writs, &;c. J\roc. 21. — The king appointed David Fitz David de Barry of Castellethan, (Castle Lyons) sheriff of the county of Cork, and commanded William Fitz David de Roche of Ballymolgole, late sheriff, to deliver the county to him. He was at the same time appointed seneschal, and keeper of the manor of Inchecoyne (Inchiquin) and the town of Youghal. 2348 The plague raged this year in Munster. 1349 John de Carew, Baron of Carew, was lord justice of Ireland this year. From him was descended sir George Carew, earl of Totness, who in 1601 was lord president of this province. J 353 Q^^ ^]-jg tieath of Milo de Courcy, without heirs male ; his inheritance, consisting of the manor of Ringroane, the chief rents of Kinsale, with the Hundred therein, &c. were found to be inheritable by the families of his four sisters, Margaret Johanna, Catherine and Anastacia. 1355 October 20. — Sir Nicholas de Courcy, Knight, was made Escheator in Cork. 1356 April 20. — The Irish rebels having assembled in great numbers, and being intent upon invading the king's faithful people, the sheriff of Cork was commanded to cause the same to be proclaimed throughout his Bailiwick. July 4. — Sessions being held in Cork by Thomas de Rokeby, justice of Ireland ; a sum of 1 00s. was granted to Robert de Preston, the king's pleader, in part for his expenses in attending the same. 1358 Dec. 11. — Wad, bishop of Cloyne, John de Wynchedon, and others of the county Cork, were appointed conservators of the peace. 1359 Maij 1. — The king having given the custody of the castle CORK REMEMBRANCER. 23 of Gyncs, in this county, to John Lombard, a citizen of Cork, A. D. granted to liim thirty plowlands in the same county, to be held for ever, rendering for the first two years one rose, and afterwards forty shilhngs per annum. He complained, however, to the justices and council of Ireland, that he could scarcely cause any part of the land to be inhabited, on account of the frequent invasions of the Irish as well as English malefactors and rebels, and that any, whom he could get, would render him little or nothing for the same, and designed to go away, being impoverished from hostile incursions, robberies, and depredations ; and thus he could not obtain as much as he had expended in the custody of the castle. The treasurer was commanded to cause enquiry to be made, as to the truth of this statement, and, if he should find that the rents and annual profits received were insufficient for the custody, then to cause him to be exonerated from the arrears due to the treasury, Mafj 10. — Sir John de Carew, knight, having petitioned the king to show him some regard, as to the payment of the arrears of his account for the time he was sheriff of Cork, the treasurer was directed to accept sixty shillings annually, until he should have paid all. 1 8. — A proclamation was made that none but merchants should go out of the kingdom. The king (having heard, that William, son of John de Barry, and IMilo, son of Milo de Courcy, on account of certain supposed grievances, had invaded in a warlike manner the lands of Richard Oge Barrett and others, and burned their houses,) commanded them to desist from perpetrating those enormous injuries, and to seek for justice from the law, to which they had promised to submit. A writ was, at the same time, directed to the sheriff and conservators of the peace, to seize those persons who had transgressed. 26. — Andrew Persona and Margaret Briddessale, having been arrested, for a certain deforcement, by Nicholas Oge, officer of the Staple, and having petitioned the crown, the mayor and constables were commanded to liberate them, on payment of a suitable fuie. 24 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A. D. The king, about this time, commanded the late mayor, baihffs, and other citizens of Cork, to be obsequious to John Myne, whose election to the office of mayor was approved of by the king, and to deliver to him, the desk, with the rolls of the courts of the Hundred, the books of green wax, the seal of the chief magistracy, and the keys, and all other things belonging to his office. July 28. — Gerald, son of Peter de Caunton, (to whom certain immunities had been granted by the king, some time before, for himself, and such of his progeny, as he might wish to go security for the good conduct of, with the exception of William de Caunton and his son, and to whom a license had been given, to punish, such of them as should offend,) was ordered by the king, in pursuance of such license, to chastise those, who had lately invaded his faithful people of the county Cork, in a hostile manner, and had collected great spoil, and to restore their goods to those, from whom they had been seized. The sheriff was also commanded to enforce the same. Aveline, widow of the Earl of Desmond, was at this time, entitled to dower of her husband's estates, in which was in- cluded a third part of the chief serjeancy of the county, with the appurtenances. June 31. — The king appointed, in certain cantreds of the county Cork, collectors of the subsidy granted by the community of the county, to attack Irish enemies, viz : two shillings from each cultivated plowland. July 3. — In consequence of a great commotion and warlike disturbance, raised by the Irish enemies and English rebels, in Munster, on the death of Maurice, son of the Earl of Desmond, the king, for the purpose of suppressing the same, granted to the earl of Desmond, brother of the earl, the serjeancies of the counties of Waterford, Cork and Kerry, and the custody of all the castles and lands, which had belonged to the late earl, and were in the king's hands, by reason of the minority of the heir, (except the dower of Aveline, widow of said Maurice, and Beatrix, widow of said earl.) Aug. 26. — The king granted a pardon to Richard de Carew for different crimes, amongst others, the murder of William Skydy, CORK REMEMBRANCER. 25 late a citizen of Cork, and the robbery of five horses of the vakie A.D. of (ive pounds, having iirst exacted a fine from him. March [8. — A writ issued to the mayor and Baihffs of the cit}^, ^^*^0 to return two of the most discreet citizens to a parliament. 20. — The king confirmed the patent of chief serjeancy of the county of Cork, which was granted on payment of one rose per annum, by Maurice, earl of Desmond, to Geoffrey de Styneche. Writs were directed to the sovereign and baililTs of Youghal, and the mayor and bailiffs of Cork, ordering them to prevent persons from going to foreign parts. April 22. — The king commanded the mayor of Cork to cause proclamation to be made, ordering to be levied in all haste, the money granted by the community of the county of Cork, in aid of the war against Art' Kevanagh. The sheriff of Cork was commanded to convene the more ^ powerful and discreet of the county, to deliberate about certain dangers which were apprehended. The pestilence raged in this county, and great numbers pe- 1361 risked. There was another great plague in this county. ^^'^ The king commanded Thomas Holhirst, collector of customs, ^^"^ and keeper of the ports, in IMunster, and William Lombard, mayor of Waterford, to cause ships to be detained in the ports of Waterford, Wexford, Cork, and Youghal, for the use of James le Botiller, earl ofOrmond, and his men, who were about to go to England, in obedience to the king's command. March 27. — O'Brien, captain of his nation of Thomond, with a great multitude of Irish, being about to make war again upon the people of the county of Limerick ; the sheriff, and conservators of the peace in the county of Cork, were commanded to cause the able men of said county, agreeably to their estate, to be numbered, arrayed, and kept for the defence of the county, and sufficient victuals to be provided for them. May 30. — The mayor and bailiffs of the city of Cork were commanded to send six of the better citizens to confer at Balahath, about such things as might be the subjects of ordinances before the custos and council of Lvland. D 26 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A.D June 23. — Twenty pounds were paid to Maurice Fitz-TIiomas, earl of Kildare, custos of Ireland^ by way of reward, over and above the usual fee of £500 per quarter. John Lombard, late sheriff of Cork, was at this time directed to pay to Ealph de Beltesford, the treasurer of the household of the lord lieutenant, 20 marks out of the royal rent service, levied within the county of Cork, for the support of the men at anus and archers of his retinue in Munster. Andrew Stakebole was owner of six acres of land, in Shandon, covered with water. July 10. — The salary of Robert de Preston, chief justice of Ireland, was £40 per annum. 1375 John de Northampton was keeper of the gaol of Cork; his salary was a hundred shillings per annum. V Cormac, Lord Muskerry, was murdered in Cork by the Bariys, and buried in Gill Abbey ; from him sprung Daniel, ancestor of the Carthys of Shanakil. 137g The king, in aid of the repairs of the walls of Cork, then stated to be in great dilapidation, being by the hostile incursions of the Irish enemy, almost totally destroyed, and for the relief of the citizens and commons of the city, allowed them a remission for three years, of the annual simi of 36 marks, which they were bound to pay for the City, and for a hamlet outside the walls called La Fayth. Feh. 20. — Thomas de Clifford and Roger Lenfavmt, were ap- pointed justices, to enquire, hear, and determine upon the crimes perpetrated by David Naungle, in the counties of Cork and Limerick, and to " clear the gaol of him according to law" and to receive from him a reasonable fine, half of which was to be paid to John Grassebek, for the expense of his capture, and the other half, into the Exchequer. April 16. — The neighbourhood of Youghal was wasted at this time, by the Rocheynes, Glengibons and others. May 10. — Certain foreign merchants, who frequented the town of Galway, being unable to come to Cork, to pay customs, on account of the danger and difficulty of the navigation ; it was ordered that the staple of wool, and other merchandize, should be CORK REMEMBRANCER. 27 at the former town, for the next three years, and that the customs ■A- D- should be paid there, mstead of at Cork, during that time, not- withstanding an ordinance lately made, that it shoidd be only at Cork, Dublhi, Drogheda and Waterfoixl. July 4. — The above mentioned privilege was extended to Youghal also, at this time, on the petition of the sovereign, mer- chants, and commons of that town, they likewise having therein complained of the danger of coming to Cork. A parliamentary subsidy was assessed upon Munster, Kilkenny and Wexford, of which, the county of Cork was to pay 45 marks, the city of Cork £10, and the cities of Waterford and Limerick, £10 each; the clergy also granted a subsidy^ of which, 100s. was to be paid by those of the diocese of Cork. June 6. — 100s. was paid to Edward Perys, as a recompense 1377 for a horse of the value of 20 marks, which had been killed in an expedition against the Barretts, rebels in the county of Cork. 10. — Gerald, Earl of Desmond, having come to the city of Cork, at the commandof the justices of Ireland, with a great force of men, and having remained there for several days, at his own expense, was paid ten marks, to remunerate him for the same, and as a compensation for his servant having been drowned by accident, when riding over a piece of water, near the city, on a horse belonging to the earl, of the value of two marks. ^pril 1 8. — Five marks were ordered to be paid to John Brittaii, the chief remembrancer of the court of exchequer, because, when on his journey to Cork, he had lost a horse of the value of 100s. in the water of the town of Youghal, from a defect of the ferry. Juhj 6. — The mayor, bailiffs, and gaoler of Coik, were com- manded to release from prison, Dominick Piers, the master of a ship, in consequence of his having stated, that Philip Barry, vicar of the church of Kinsale, and others, had caused the ship to be seized. Jul^ 11. — The mayor and bailiffs were commanded to permit Thomas Moyser, who had wounded William Ryston, to go at large on bail, from the church of the Holy Trinity, to which he had fled for refuge. July 16. — John Warner was sheriff of the county. 28 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A.D. The French and Spanish gallies having done much mischief ^^^^ on the coast of England, a fleet of Enghsh vessels of the west counties, forced them to take shelter in the harbour of Kinsale, where, being assailed by the united hostility of English and Irish, they were vanquished with the loss of 400 men ; several of their gallies, and twenty English vessels, which they had previously made prizes of, were captured, J\''ov. 11. — 100s. was directed to be paid annually to John Northampton, the gaoler. 14. — The mayor and bailiffs of the city, having been fined for not coming before the Exchequer, to account for the fami rent of the city, and other debts, were exonerated from both ; they having stated in a petition to the king, that the same had been forgiven by 1381 king Edward III. This year Edmond Mortimer, earl of March and Ulster, and Lord lieutenant of Ireland, died at Cork, on St. Stephen's day, in the Dominican abbey ; and on the 27th of January the bishops of Ossory, Cork, Cloyne, Lismore and Waterford, and Limerick, James, earl of Ormond, the mayor of Cork, and representatives elected by the cities of Cork and Limerick with other persons, met at Cork, in the church of St. Peter, for the piirpose of choosing a Jnstice in his place, when John Colton, dean of St. Patrick's, Dublin, and lord chancellor of Ireland, was unanimously elected, and sworn in Cork. Jan. 11. — James Butler, who came to Cork, to the council for choosing a justice of Ireland, was paid ten marks to indemnify him. 14. — In consequence of the representations of the mayor and bailiffs of Cork, who stated that that city, and its inhabitants were so impoverished by robberies, &c. that some of the more substantial of the citizens designed to go away ; and that some of the magistrates, both of the county, and city, had resolved to take bail, from such of the borderers of the county, as had committed crimes at a time, when there was peace and a treaty between them and the citizens ; and also that the city, from its situation, was liable to be coufjuered by enemies, unless it were defended by a force of armed men : the king directed the said CORK REMEMBRANCER. 29 mayor and bailiffs to arrest those, who liail proposed to absent A. D. themselves, on the aforesaid aeeoiiiits ; and to liberate all the borderers of the county, who had been arrested for transgressions committed in time of war ; and to arm all the citizens. William Sygyn and J(jhn Galny were appointed admirals in certain ports within this comity. 18. — The mayor and commons of the city, having petitioned for a remission of their debts, in aid of the repairs of said city, were allowed £40. 20. — The king, at the petition of Gerald, bishop of Cork, granted him permission, not to attend the parliament or council, on account of his infirmity. 27. — Similar permission was likewise granted to William, bishop of Kerry, as he could not conveniently attend, on account of the smallness of his bishoprick, and the dangers of the way. 28. — The king granted to the provost and commons of Kinsale, the keeping of the small customs of all merchandizes, which were carried by sea outside the port, in order to defray the expenses of building a w^all round the town, which was considered neces- sary, in consequence of the burgesses and inhabitants having suffered heavy insults from Spanish enemies. The sheriff" of Cork was, at the same time commanded to permit them to dispose of the same. Feb. 3. — John Bryt and Richard Wynchedon, were ap- pointed to receive, from Sir Philip Fitz-William de Barry, and to dispose of for the advantage of the king, 1000 cows, which he was to receive from Richard Oge Barrett and William his son, and others, as fines for different seditions. 9. — The Mayor and bailiffs were commanded to provide a suffi- cient nmnber of horses to bring Richard Oge Barrett and others of the Barretts, who were in their custaiy as hostages, to Water- ford. 17. — On the death of Simon Glamfordbrig, chai)lain of the church of the Holy Trinity, the king presented John Kingstown, clerk, to the same ; and a writ was issued, prohibiting all persons from attempting anything in prejudice of such presentation. 30 CORK REMEMBRANCER. ^■^- ^j)ril 1. — Eight pence was fixed as the price of a bottle of red wine of Gascony. 12.— Upon the death of Edmond, earl of March, lord lieute- nant of Ireland, the rebels were so encouraged, that O'Brien of Thomond, with an excessive force, endeavoured to make a general conquest, in the counties of Limerick, Kerry, and Cork ; in consequence of which, and the justice's being unable to remain in Munster, without inconvenience to the king, it was agreed, that Gerald Fitzmaurice, earl of Desmond, should go towards Limerick " to assuage their malice ;" and 200 marks were directed to be paid him, for one quarter's salary, and com- missions of oyer and terminer were granted to him, and Walter Coterell. Si'jyf. 20. — The king pardoned Henry Greffde Bembrok; his crime was, having carried a man, from the port of Cork to foreign parts, without license. 1382 The people had an extravagant way of adorning their feet ; they wore the beaks or points of their shoes so long, as to en- cumber them in M'alking, and to render it neccessary to tie them up to their knees ; the fine gentlemen tied theirs, with chains of silver gilt, and others, with laces. This ridiculous custom was in vogue, from this year, to the year 1467, when it was prohibited, by a fine of 20s. and the pain of cursing by the clergy. Another charter was given to the citizens, which, with all the previous ones, was confirmed in the year 1399 and further enlarged in the years 1401-1412-1422 and 1463. 1383 There was a great pestilence in this comitry, the greatest which was ever in Ireland. Jem. 28. — The king committed to John Horsyngton, proctor of the house of St. Peter and St. Paul of Bath, in England, the custody of the profits of the rectorial churches of Kinsale, St. John the Evangelist, in the fairffh near Cork, and of Legan, in the county of Cork. 1384 SejJt. 2. — John Drax was incumbent of Youghal, by presenta- tion of the king. Oct. 21, — Eobert Thame and John Lombard were apppointed, " to hold parleys with the Irish enemies, and English rebels, and to treat with them." CORK REMEMBRANCER. 31 Kov. 14. — Juhannali, widow and administratrix of Jolin A D. Warner, being in the occupation of the lands of her husband (who had been sheriff of the county Cork, and collector of the customs in the port of the city, both in the reign of Edward III. and the then king) having represented that she could not find his rolls. Sec, received a remission of her accounts. Jan. 4. — The king appointed Gerald earl of Desmond and 138G Robert Thame, sherifi'of the county, deputies of Philip Courtenay, the lord lieutenant, for the defence of Munster. Ft'l). 13 — Permission was given to William Sygyn, and William Garden, to carry thirty pipes of salmon to England. July 20. — Thomas de Everdon, clerk, was appointed to the free chapel of the Holy Trinity. Oct. 9. — Thomas Berbeg was advanced to the prebend of Beaver, in the cathedral church of St. Finbarr. 24. — John AVayt, one of the bailiffs of Cork, obtained a license to go abroad, and to appoint a deputy in his absence. The lord lieutenant granted a license to William Sygyn and others, to purchase six weighs * of wheat, barley, &c. in Wex- ford ; and bring it in ships, to Cork or Kinsale, notwithstanding any ordinances to the contrary, as the inhabitants of the former town, could not, in those days, live commodiously, without assistance from elsewhere, in consequence of the sterrility of the surrounding country : Robert Hore and Thomas Admot, were securities that they should not carry it elsewhere. Similarlicences were, at the same time, granted to other citizens to purchase from the counties of Dublin and Meath. Dee. 1. — A tax of one farthing was laid on eveiy house, from which smoke issued ; the money thus levied was called smoke silver, and was made use of in payment of the watchmen, who were posted on the borders of the enemy. Ma?/ 22. — John Bryt and Thomas Admot, were appointed 1337 justices of gaol delivery in this county. 26. — The lord lieutenant granted special license to John Bryt, to treat with Irish enemies and English rebels, in this county, although they should have been indicted for seditions, felonies, &c. ; " and to bring them to peace, as well as he coidd." * A weigh is 48 bushels; 32 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A-D. Jinie2A. — The king ratified the estate of Thomas Harberg in ^^'^^ the archdeaconry of Ossory, and the prebend of Beaver. ^ug. 5. — John Hunt was vicar of the church of the blessed Mary of YoughaL ^4?/^. 18. — The king committed to AVilliam Gardener, the custody of the infirmary of Stephen at Cork, with all profits 1389 belonging to it. At the earnest request of the inhabitants of Kinsale, who stated, that that town lay in the midst of the rebels, they obtained an ex- emption from attending wards, musters and parliaments. Thomas Eusshok, bishop of Chichester, and confessor to the king, having been driven from court, by the barons, and his goods confiscated by parliament, took shelter at Cork, from which place he petitioned the king, and obtained a grant of an annuity of £40 for his support. April 12. — The king's faithful citizens and commons of Cork, having informed him that their city, and the parts adjacent thereto, were so destroyed, that they would be obliged to leave that deso- late place altogether, unless they were supplied with fruits &c. obtained a grant from him, permitting them to go with their goods, out of the city, and bring thereto, victuals for the necessary 1390 sustenance of it. Jan, 8. — The king made it known to the admiral and other offi- cers of Ireland, that he had granted the citizens and commons of Cork, liberty to buy corn in any of the ports in Ireland, as it was 1391 impossible to reside there, without a great supply of food. Oct. 26. — Gerald, son of Maurice, earl of Desmond, and Patrick Fox, -were appointed overseers of the conservators of the peace, and also conservators themselves, in the counties of Cork, Limerick,and Kerry, with power to compel the sheriff, conservators of the peace, and other the king's assessors, to muster the men at arms, &c. and to marshal them into thousands, hundreds, and twenties, and to lead then wherever there might be occasion, for 1393 the defence of the marches. £46 13s. 4d. was ordered to be paid to Morrough O'Brien, for restraining his son, who was the most dangerous of all the male- factors, from making war against the king. CORK REMEMBRANCER. 33 Tlie king confirmed a grant, made by the mayor and commons A.D. of Cork, in the year 1 38 1 , to WiUiam Droup, ' ' oi'land m Cork, and ^ ^^'^ Dungarvan, in the suburbs, (containing 80 perches in length and 2 in breadth, and extending, from the thread of the stream of the river Lee, to the farthest part of the stone column of. the middle bridge of the city, together with the watercourse, flowing and re- flowing through said land) to build a mill there. The king presented John Nugent to the vicarage of 1406 Kinsale. The inhabitants of Cork, being at this time tired witli perpetual oppression of their Irish neighbours, complained, in a general writing directed to the lord Rutland and Cork, the king's deputy there, and to the council of the realm, then assem- bled at Dublin. The writing was as follows : — " It may please your wisdoms to have pity on us, the king's poor subjects, within the county of Cork, or else we are cast away for ever ; (for where there was in this county, these lords by name, knights, esquires, gentlemen and yeomen, to a great number, that might dispend £800, £600, £400, £200, £100, 100 marks, £20, 20 marks, £10 ; some more, some less, besides those lords following : — first the lord marquis Caro ; his yearly revenue was, besides Dorzey- haven, and other creeks, £2,200 sterling ; the lord Barnewale of Beerhaven ; his yearly revenue was, besides Bearehaven, and other creeks, £1,600 sterling: the lord Vggan of the great castle ; his yearly revenue was, besides havens and creeks, £1,300 sterling: the lord Balram of Emforte ; his yearly revenues, besides havens and creeks, 1,300 sterling : the lord Courcy of Kilbrittain ; his yearly revenue, besides havens and creeks, 1,500 sterling : the lord Mandeville of Barren- stelly ; his yearly revenue, besides havens and creeks, £1,500 sterling : the lord Arundell of the Strand ; his yearly revenue, besides havens and creeks, £ 1 ,500 sterling : the lord Baron of the Guard ; his yearly revenue, besides havens and creeks, £1,100 sterling: the lord Sleynie of Baltimore; his yearly revenue, besides havens and creeks, £800 sterling : the lord Roche of Poole castle ; his yearly revenue, besides havens and creeks, £1,000 sterling. The king's majesty hath the E 34 CORK hemembrancer. A.'D. the lands of the late young Barry, by forfeiture, the yearly revenue ^ whereof, besides two rivers and creeks, and all other casualties, is £1,800 sterling :) And that at the end of this parliament, your lordship, with the king's most noble council, may come to Cork, and call beforeyou, all these lords and other Irishmen, and bind them, in pain of loss of life, lands and goods, that never one of them do make war upon another, without license or command- ment of you, my lord deputy, and the king's council ; for the utter destruction of these parts, is that only cause : And once, all the Irishmen and the king's enemies, were driven into a great valley called Glanehought, betwixt two great nMuntains called Maccorte or theLepixDus Island, and there they lived long and many years, with their white meat, till at the last, these English lords fell at variance among themselves, and then, the weakest part took certain Irishmen, to take their part and so vanquished their ene- mies, and thus fell the English lords at variance among themselves, 'till the Irishmen were stronger than they, and drove them away, and now have the whole country under them, but that the lord Roche, the lord Gourcy, and the lord Barry, only remain with the least part of their ancestors' j^ossessions, and young Barry is there upon the khig's portion, paying his grace never a penny rent ; wherefore we, the king's poor subjects of the city of Cork, Kinsale and Youghal, desire your lordships to send hither, two good justices, to see this matter ordered, and some English captains, with twenty Englishmen,* that may be captains over us all, and we will rise with them, to redress these enormities, all at our own costs ; and if you do not we be all cast away, and then farewell Munster for ever; and if you will not come nor send, we will send over to our liege lord the king, and complain on you all." At this time the city of Cork, was so encumbered with evil neighbours, the Irish outlaws, that (as Campion states) the inhabitants were forced to watch their gates continually, to keep them shut at service times, at meals from sun -set to sun arising, nor suffer any stranger to enter them, with his weapon, but to leave the same at a lodge appointed. They walked out at seasons for recreation " with strength of men furnished, thoy * " Men of Englisli race, laws and customs." (^See the Introduction.) CORK REMEMBRANCER. 35 matched in wedlock among themselves, so that well nigh the whole A.D. city was allied together."' ' Jan. 16 — In consequence of the poverty of Kinsale, the in- 1^^^ habitants, obtained a privelege, that no foreign merchant, or other person should trade therein, without the license of the pro- vost and commons. Jan. 27. — The king forgave Sir John Barry all his debts, in consequence of his having, for some years, supported at his owia expense, the burdens of the wars in the county, by reason of his office, (being sheriff of Cork). Ireland was sore afflicted for want of corn. 1410 The king presented Richard Pellyn to the vicarage of Kinsale. 1412 The king granted the town of Inoshanon, with its ferry, to Philip de Barry, by letters patent, John Galway of Kinsale, was appointed to arrest all Irishmen, 1413 passing out of Ireland without royal leave, contrary to the statute, The king granted to Richard 0"Hedyan, the free chapel of the 1414 Holy Trinity, and commanded the mayor and baliffs of Cork to put him in possession thereof. The bishop of Cork was present at the general council held at 1415 Constance, in this year and the foUov/ing, and wrote of the acts of that council. Feb. 6. — The fines which had been imposed on Sir John Barry, late sheriff of the county, for not having come to the king's courts, were remitted by the king, in consequence of his having stated, that he was unable to attend, as his men and horses had been killed in the war with the Irish. Several merchants of Athenry, having shipped goods from j ^jq Galway for Lubeck, proceeded to Kinsale, for the purpose of paying the duties there, as there was no collector of customs in Galway ; a heavy tempest however arising at sea, prevented their making any Irish harbour, and they were obliged to mn into that of Sluys, in Flanders ; upon their return to Galway, tl>ey deposited the customs in the hands of Thomas Lynch, a merchant of that town, and petitioned for relief from the penalties, which they had incurred by such their unintentional violation of the law, which was accordingly granted to them. 36 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A^-D. Sept, 15, — John Saunders, of Bristol, merchant, and Robert Gardmer, were appointed keepers and inspectors in the ports of Galway, Cork, Kinsale, and Youghal, to be held by their deputies. Dec. 8. — The king committed to John Tobyn, the offices of water-bailiff, keeper and examiner of the ports^ and buyer of the king's wines, in all the ports and maritime places within the coimty, to be held by himself and his deputy. I'l^l Richard O'Hedian, archbishop of Cashel, was accused before the Parliament, by the bishop of Lismore and Waterford, upon thirty articles, amongst others, that he made very much of the Irish, and that he loved none of the English nation — that he went about to make himself king of Munster, and that he had taken the ring from the image of St. Patrick, which the earl of Desmond had offered. In the same parliament, then assembled, there arose a conten- tion between Adam Payn, bishop of Cloyne, and another prelate, because the former endeavoured to unite tohis see, the church of the other, which h© was unwilling to pemiit, and therefore they were both dismissed to the court of Rome. 1422 Pgj)^ 18_ — The king committed to Maurice Roche, lord of Feraioy, the office of sheriff of the county, to be held during his Majesty's pleasm*e. In the same year, Robert Taylor, of Swords, was granted license to ship corn, for the supply of Kinsale. 1425 ■^^^' ^- — "^^^ ^^^S granted to Robert, son of Philip Holhane, audMargaret de Barre, his freedom, and liberty to use English law ; because, though he had the surname of an Irish family, viz. the Holhganes, yet nevertheless, he and his ancestors were, from the time of the conquest of Ireland, themselves faithfid liege-men of the king, and had also associated with faithful liege men of the king. ^ug. 24. — The king commanded all men to be obsequious (intendentes) to William Copener, as deputy guager of wines, in the county Cork, to which office he had been appointed by Thomas Chamer, guager of wuies in Ireland, during the pleasure of the kin a; and said Thomas. CORK REMEMBRANCER. '37 Sept. 25. — The pope having appointed Jordcin, Chancellor of ^■^■ Limerick, to the bishoprick of Cork and Cloyne, the king ''' accepted his fealty, and restored his temporalities, in consequence of his having disclaimed all things in the pope's letters, prejudicial to the royal dignity. The king appointed the mayor of Cork, and John Moriagh, 1432 citizen of the same place " to enquire of treasons in the county." The revenue of Ireland fell short of the expense of keeping it, 1433 by four thousand marks. A law was made this year, that all natives of Ireland should 1438 return to their- own country, in consequence of the outrages which they had committed in England. June 12. — Eobert Fitz Geoflry Cogan granted all his lands in Ireland, (being half the kingdom of Cork) to James earl of Desmond, and by a letter of attorney, put him in possession of the following places, viz : — Kerrygrohanmore, Downdrenane alias Castlemore, Eathgogane, Bever alias Carrigaline, Shandon, Douglas, Kerry- currihy, &c. and though it appears, from a great number of records, that the kingdom of Cork, by the heirs general, descended to Carew and Courcy, who are charged in the Exchequer for the Crown rent of it for many years, viz : £60 each per annum, yet this conveyance from Cogan, who was heir male, was then a sufficient pretence for the powerful earl of Desmond, to seize on that great estate. James, earl of Desmond, obtained a patent for the government ^■^^^ and custody of the counties of Cork, Waterford, Limerick, and Kerry. He also procured a license, from James, earl of Ormond, lord lieutenant of Ireland, to absent himself during his life, from all future parliaments, providing a sufficient proxy in his room ; and to purchase any lands he pleased, by whatever service they were holden of the crown. The bishop of Cork and Cloyne, and the dean and chapter of 1^-15 Cork, signed a testimonial of the good behaviour of James, earl of Ormond, during his administration as lord lieutenant of Ireland; it was also signed by the corporation of Cork and Yonghal, the lords Barry, Iloche, and others. . There was a great plague and fauiine iu Ireland. 1417 38 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A.D. Ill this same year, it was enacted, in a parliament, held at Trim, ^ ' that every man shave his upper lip, or else be used as an Irish enemy. 1460 Dennot Sullivan, built a house for Minorites at Bantry, near the sea shore. The fourth abbey in Youghal, reformed to observant friars, being before that time conventuals of the Franciscan order : the occa- sion of its establishment is said to have been thus ; Maurice Fitzgerald was building a castle in the town, and while they were at work about the fomidation, the workmen, on the eve of some festival, came and begged a piece of money from him, to drink his health ; the earl ordered his eldest son to give it, but he, instead of obeying his father's direction, abused the workmen, which his father was so concerned at, that, instead of finishing the castle, he erected a house of grey friars, took upon himself the habit, and died here, in the 80th year of his age, in the year 1256. This house according to Ware, was the first franciscan friary in Ireland, Wadding says, that several religious men were interred here. 1461 After the death of the duke of Clarence (brother to king Edward IV,) who was lord lieutenant of Ireland in this year, and continued so for seven years, the Irish rebelled in the North, under O'Neil, and in Munster, under Murrough O'Brien, who raised forces in Thomond, and over-ran the greatest part of the country, and ruined several walled towns, amongst others, Mounie and Buttevant. The king granted to William, Lord de Barry, an annuity of twenty-three marks, chargeable on the customs of Cork, Kinsale, Youghal, ^'c. In a Parliament held by Thomas, earl of Desmond, an act was passed, for imposing a tax upon such strangers as came to fish upon the Irish coast. 1462 Mints were established, at this time, in several places in Ireland, for coining groats, two-penny pieces, pence, half-pence, and farthings ; and English money was advanced to a fourth part more in value in Ireland, than it was current for in England. There were eleven parish churches in and about Cork at this time, as appears by a charter granted by Edward IV., viz. : — CORK REMEMBRANCER. 39 St, Mary Sliandon, St. Catherine, and St. Brendan, on the north A. D. side of the river ; Christ Church, St. Peter, St. John, St. Nicholas, ^"*^- St. Bridget, St. Mary Nard, and St. Stephen, on the south side of river ; and St. Laurence's chapel, near South-gate. An act was passed in Ireland, for the security of privilege ^ ^'■'^ to members of Parliament, during their sitting, and for forty days before and after it. Youghal was incorporated by Edward IV, by the interest of Thomas, earl of Desmond ; and in a parliament held at Wexford before said earl, an act was passed to ratify and confirm all letters patent, grants, franchises and privileges, confirmations &cc. to the mayor, bailiffs, portrieve, and commons. Youghal college was founded by Thomas, earl of Desmond, and 14G4 confirmed by his son, James, in 1472, and by Maurice, his brother in 1496 ; the community, at first consisted of, a warden, eight fellows and eight singing men, who lived in a collegiate manner, having a common table and all other necessaries allowed them, with yearly stipends, (the whole donation, at the time of the founda- tion, being worth £600 a year.) In 1464, King Edward IV. granted letters patent to Robert Miles and Philip Christopher, chaplains in the college church of the blessed Virgin Mary of Youghal, to purchase lands for the use of this church to the value of 20 marks yearly, notwithstanding the statute of mortmain, and in the same patent pardoned them, for what they had purchased before this license. The foundation charter, and the appropriation of the several tithes to this house, were confirmed by Jordan, bishop of Cloyne, under his seal, and that of William Roche, archdeacon of Cloyne, who was then the bishop's coadjutor. Pope Alexander by a bull, dated, in 1494, confirmed these grants, and gave the warden and fellows a license to purchase others and unite them to the college. In 1590 Pope Julius bestowed the vicarage of Kilmacdonough on this house, and confirmed the bulls of his predecessors in its favour. In the charter of foundation the patron is stiled earl of Desmond, lord of Decies, lord of Imokilly, lord of the regalities and liberties of the county of Kerry, and patron of this foundation. In a parliament held this year, it was enacted that it should be M'^'J 40 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A.D. lawful to kill thieves or robbers, who had no men of good name in English apparel in their company. 1467 The earl of Desmond was beheaded at Drogheda, under the government of John, Lord Tiploft, earl of Worcester, &c. lord deputy of Ireland, (an act being passed to attaint him of high treason, for alliances, fosterages, &c. with the king's Irish enemies, and for supplying them with horses and arms, and supporting them against the king's subjects.) Some say that William Shirwood, bishop of Meath, was an active person in prosecuting this earl, for before this, there were great animosities between them. Campion makes the cause of his untimely end to have been owing to his having advised king Edward IV. not to marry Sir John Grey's widow ; for, some time after, the king having a dispute with his queen, let fall those words " That if he had taken his cousin Desmond's advice, her pride would have been more humbled ;" she seemed to take no notice of it at the time, but upon their reconciliation, asked the king what advice the earl of Desmond had given him, which concen:ied her ? The king imagining that it was not in her power, to do him any mischief, freely told her ; upon which she tirst made interest, to procure Desmond's removal from the government of Ireland, and had her favourite, the earl of Worcester, sentover in his room; who, calling a parliament at Drogheda, (a place remote from the eai'l's estate and alliances,) there attainted him, and had him executed to the no small astonishment (says Russell) of the whole nobility of Ii'eland. The same writer adds, that the queen procured a wan-ant mider the privy seal for his execution. This earl had issue five sons, who, with banners displayed, raised forces in this country, went into rebellion, burned and wasted this province, and entered Leinster ; but the king, being involved in troubles at home, sent them over a pardon, which they accepted ; and James, the eldest son, being then earl, had a grant of the county palatine of Kerry, bestowed on him, with the town and castle of Dungarvan, in the county of Waterford, which were before granted to his father during his life. A patent was passed to Edward, lord Dunboyne, of the prisage of wines, in the ports of Cork, Youghal, Ross, Gallway, Limerick, CORK REMEMIJRANCER. 4f Kinsale, Duugarvan, aiul Dingle, with £10 per annum, for his A.D. services, in taking O'Connor, and delivering him to the lord deputy. ^'^^^ Feb. 6. — The king pardoned Denis Herly, archdeacon of Cork, 1471 all his offences. llichard Heron was appointed the king's master of the mint, 1473 within the cities and castles of Dublin, Drogheda, Cork, Limerick, &:c. ^pril 8. — Maurice Roche, William Tiny, Edmond Coleys, 1474 and Edmond Tirry, son of dame Tirry, citizens of Cork, were ,- n r appointed, by the king, collectors of customs in this city, and of all the profits, Sec. of the fee-farm, and land-gable, and were also appointed overseers and governors of said city. Cormac, son of Thady Mac Carty, founded a convent of 1475 minorites, at Kilcrea, in this year, (or as others say, in 1465,) and was himself buried in that church, in 1494. An act was passed this year, m a Parliament, held before 1430 Gerald, earl of Kildare, lord deputy of Ireland, that no hawks should be transported out of this country, without having a great duty laid on them. Jan. 20. — Philip Water, otherwise Philip, son of John 1481 Water,* citizen of Cork, was pardoned by the king, all his treasons. Edward IV granted a charter to Kinsale- 1482 Jime 27. — Sir Richard Edgecomb, who had been employed 14S8 to receive the submission and oaths of allegiance of the Irish lords, who had then lately espoused the pretensions of Lambert Simnel,t amved in the harbour of Kinsale with five ships and * This is evidently the same person as John Walters, the friend of Perkiii Warbeck, the letter 1 being left out in his name by Sir James Ware. f This Lambert Simnel, was a poor baker's or shoemaker's son, who having been instructed by a priest, of 0.\ford, named Richard Symons, passed over with his master into Ireland, where having been presented, before the Deputy, Chancellor, Treasurer and others of the nobility, as Edward, carl of Warwick, son to George Duke of Clarendon, and next heir to the crown of England, he was shortly afterwards solemnly crowned in the city of Dublin, in Christ Church, but having been taken prisoner in a little time, through the king's mercy he was not condemned to die, but was thrust into the king's kitchen, where for a time he turned the spit, and was afterwards made one of the king's falcoucrs. F 42 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A.D. 1488 1490 500 men, but possibly from some apprehension of the temper and disposition of the people, he at first refused to land, and obliged the lord Thomas Barry (Barry Oge) to attend him, on board his ship, there to take the oath of allegiance, and to do homage for his barony. But the next day Sir Eichard was prevailed upon to enter the town, where in tlie church of St. Multotius, the lord Courcey and the other inhabitants did homage, and swore allegiance. Lord Barry, of Barry's court was summoned to Parliament as lord baron Barry. This family had long enjoyed the title of viscount Ruttevant, and were created earls of Barrymore, in the year 1627. William de Rupe, alias Roche, bishop of Cork and Cloyne, having in this year resigned these sees ; Thacly Mac Carty was designed his sviccessor by the bishop of Rome. ]^gj This year was called the dismal year, from the continual fall of rain all the summer, and autumn, M^hich caused a great famine throughout Ireland. Dec. — About the latter end of this month, there was a grievous and pestilential sickness, commonly called the English sweat, because it came from England into this country. Some of the physicians imagined, that it proceeded from a certain malignity in the air. The symptoms were as follows : " a sudden deadly sweat seized on the body, and v/ith it a pain took them in the head, the stomach being troubled witli a vehement burning heat ; if they lay in their beds, they flung off the coverlets ; if clad, they put off" their clothes ; others being thirsty, drank cold drink ; and lastly, others who enduring the heat, kept on their clothes, provoked sweat : so that, out of all the number of sick persons, scarce the hundreth person recovered ; in some cases the disease continued for twenty four hours, and then going away, the patients recovered ; not but that it might be taken a second time, as happened to many, who thus perished." Perkin Warbeck, having landed on the southern coast of Ireland, without troops or retinue, or any means for fomenting an insurrection, appeared in the city of Cork, in the character of Richard Plantagenet, duke of York, second son of Edward IV, 1192 CORK REMEMBRANCER. 43 who had escaped from the tower. He was received, and enter- A.D. tained by the citizens, and John AValters, an eminent merchant, ^'*"'^ who was mayor two years after ; Perkin, from this city, wrote letters to the earls of Kildare and Desmond, for their assistance, gratefully commending their former attachment to the house of York, notifying his own arrival into their country, and entreating their assistance, for the recovery of his rights ; the earl of Kildare replied to this invitation, in teniis that rather induced suspicion of his design, but Desmond at once chivalrously declared for the adventurer. Before Perkin's appearance however could produce any considerable effect, he was recalled to France, by the urgent application of king Charles, who deemed him a convenient instrument, for the purpose of forcing the English sovereign to a peace ; he was there royally entertained imtil such was concluded ; upon which he retreated into Flanders to his supposed aunt the duchess of Burgundy. Three years after, he set sail with 600 men, and arrived on the Kentish coast, where 160 of his followers were made prisoners, and afterwards executed. Thence he sailed into Ireland, and remained for some time in Cork, but meeting with little assistance, he passed over into Scotland, where, by the king's consent, he married a daughter of the earl of Hmitley, and procured the Scots to invade England in his favor, but a peace being concluded between the two nations, he was obliged to quit Scotland, and embarking with his wife and family, he came once more to Cork, where on the 26th of July 1497, he enhsted 120 soldiers, and by the assistance of the earl of Desmond, procured ships to transport them into Cornwall, to which place he was invited ; upon landing in England he was joined by several thousands, but after some time, finding his axmy decreasing, he surrendered himself, and was sent prisoner to the tower, from which place he made his escape, but was retaken. There was so great a drought, this summer, throughout Ireland, that many rivers were almost dried up ; the Cattle died eveiy where with thirst. In this year, being about the time of Perkin Warbeck's ^ -193 rebellion, Walter Fitzsymons, the Archbishop of Dublin, thus 44 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A.D, accounts, in a letter to king Henry VII., for the continuai J4y/ — The lord Broghill beat the rebels at Cappoquin, which w^as the first pitched battle fought m Munster since the rebellion began. 2 — The lord president St. Legcrdied at his house in Doneraile, and on the following day the earl of Cork acquainted the lords justices by letters of his death ; whereupon they appointed the lords Barrymore and Inchiquin commissioners for the govermnent of the province; the latter to command the army. jlugust — Liscarrol castle was attacked by the rebels, and surrendered upon honorable terms on Friday the 2d of September, after an obstinate resistance. On the following day lord 88 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A. D. luchuiuin ens;af^od the rebels in a field to the west of the castl(% 1642 1 c^ o i and completely routed them, 700 of the Irish were slain, while iord Inchiquin had but 12 men killed and about 20 wounded; amongst the former was lord Kinalmeaky, which was the greatest loss the English sustained in the battle. Upon his death Sir Charles Vavasor was made governor of Bandon, and soon after colonel Rowland St. Leger. Lord Forbes with his regiment landed at Kinsale, and marched to Bandon, where having obtained rehiforeemeuts, he marched westward, and on the 18th of October arrived at Clonakilty. Here he left one Bandon and two Scotch companies to secure that town till his return from Rathbariy; but shortly after he had quitted the town, they were attacked by the Irish; whereupon Robert Grove, captain of the Bandon company advised a retreat about four miles to the main body, which the Scotch troops who were with them refusing, they were cut to })ieces; but Grove made good his retreat to an old Danish fort in the way to Ross, which he defended until the rest of the forces came to his relief. Being thus reinforced the whole body fell upon the Irish, and forced them into the island of Inchidony, where the tide being in, upwards of 600 were drowned. Upon their return to Clonakilty they found a great nmuber of men, women and children imprison- ed in the market place, in order to be burned by the Irish, as a bonfire for joy at their ex}X3cted success. Every day afforded fresh instances of the ill-faith and treachery of the Irish. The garrisons of the castles of Cloghleigh and Coole, who had surrendered upon a promise of c[uarter and safe convoy, were murdered or kept prisoners. Towards the end of this year lord Broghill and captain Jephson were added to lord Inchiquin as commissioners for the government of Munster by the lords justices, and were to have command in the army. J\rov. — Lord Inchiquin being at Cork in great distress for want of pay for the army, called a coimcil of war, which came to a resolution to seize on part of the tobacco, of which there were great quantities belonging to the patentees, at Cork, Kinsale, and Youghal, and sell it to subsist the army. CORK REMEMBRANCER. 89 Feh. 20 — The want of supplies still continuing, lord Incliiquin A. D. was obliged to drive into Cork, Kinsale, and Youghal, all the cattle which were left in the baronies of Imokiliy and Barrymore ; which left the country in a deplorable condition, and shortly after obliged the markets in the different towns in this county to be closed. March 27 — Murrongh, lord Inchifjuin, and Andrew, lord baron of Castle-Stewart, were sworn freemen of this city, and admitted into the council thereof. May — Offensive measures were resmned by lord Inchi(|uin, nothing having been done during the last two months in conse- quence of the scarcity of provisions and other necessaries. Ju72e 3 — Sir Charles Vavasor took Clonleigh castle in Condon's country; but on the following day was defeated in a narrow defde leading to Fermoy, and lost all his colours. Elated with this success, the rebels beseiged Cappoquin, but were repulsed with much loss. July 1 — Colonel M>ni beat the Irish on the north side of Timoleague river, and took the castles of Timoleague, Aghamilly,. Rosscarbery, and Rathbarry. Sept. 15 — A cessation of arms was agreed on between the marquis of Ormond on the king's side, and lord Muskerry on the part of the Irish, to continue for one year. The night before this truce was concluded, the Irish took up arms in the baronies of Imokiliy and Barrymore, killed all the English they could meet with, and plundered the coimtry. About this tim:e also the carl of Cork died at Youghal. M. De la Boullaye le Gouz, a Frenchman, who travelled in IGll Ireland in this year, in a work published at Paris in 1653 and translated by Mr. Crofton Croker in 1837, gives tlie following account of his visit to Cork. Having related how he became ac- quainted with an inhabitant of that city, in Dublin, named Tarn Neuel, and how he had travelled in company with him, he thus proceeds, "Having arrived atKorq, Tam Neuc^l, of whom I have before spoken, led me to his father's house. lie knocked at the door, when a well-looking man appeared, and demanded what we wanted. Tarn Neuel desired to know whether John Neuel was 90 CORK REMEMBRANCER. ■A^-D. at home. The man replied, that he knew no sueh person. — Neuel insisting that the house belonged to the person for whoiii he had asked, was told, that it belonged to an English captain, who had it on the seclusion of the catholics from the town. He was sni-jDrised to find events so deplorable had occurred to his family. I sympathised with him, and observed, "since things were thus we must seek a lodging, as the night was coming on." O "Mister Frenchman," he said, "you cannot without injustice refuse to repair to the house, if not of my father, at least of some other relation. I have uncles in the town, where we shall be welcome."' We found out one of them, and by him were received with all imaginable kindness, and Neuel learned that his father had lost in the religious wars more than £10,000 sterling, and had been obliged to fly to the country, to avoid the tyranny of the English protestants. I remained eight days in this house in the midst of continual festivity ; and on taking leave to pursue my travels, they thanked me for the assistance I rendered to Tarn Neuel, and in spite of all I could do, repaid me the money I had furnished for his expenses from Limerick. The same writer thus continues. "A mile from Korq is a well called by the English Sunday spring, or the fountain of Sunday, which the Irish believe is blessed and cures many ills. I found, the water of it extremely cold. Opposite this well to the south of the sea, are the iniins of a monastery founded by Saint Guillabe; there is a cave which extends far under the ground, where they say, that Saint Patrick resorted often for prayer. In one of the suburbs of Korq there is an old tower ten or twelve feet in circumference, and more than one hundred feet high, which they conscientiously believe to have been built by Saint Baril without lime or stone, to prove by this miracle his religion ; then it was lopped or half destroyed by the same saint, who jumped from the top to the bottom of it, and imprinted the mark of his foot on a flint stone, where the old women go with great devotion to say their prayers." The articles of the treaty which had been entered into, were broken by the Irish, who daily engaged in fresh j)lots. One Friar Matthews and some others entered into a conspiracy to CORK REMEMBRANCER. 91 betray the city oi Cork into tlic liauds of the Irish, for which A.D. some who confessed the fact were executed. Coppiuger the mayor combined with the rebels; but they hijudiciously opposing the levies granted for supporting the English soldiers, he was committed by lord Inchiquin before the plot could be put into execution, and the Irish were at the same time turned out of the city,* as also out of Kinsale and Youghal. The civil authority ceased in Cork in consequence, and was not renewed till the year 1655, when Sir Wm. Penton, Maurice Roche, Christopher Oliver, John Morley, and John Hodder, who were ancient freemen, elected said Hodder to be mayor. For these services lord Inchiquin was appointed lord president of Munster by the English parliament ; but not having obtained any supplies, he was obliged to agree to a temporary cessation of hostilities, which continued till the following spring, when the war was renewed by the earl of Castlehaven, *The particulars of the exclusion of the Roman Catholic party from Cork by lord Inchiquin, are thus related in a rare tract, enlitled, "A plot discovered in Ireland, and prevented without the shedding of blood." London, printed by Jane Coe, 1G44. "I know you have heard how my lord of Inchiquin had put the Irish out of Cork in July last, and not without much cause, for there was a most horrid, damnable and bloody plot of conspiracy, invented and practised by the popish priests and blood-thirsty Jesuites, and the same of a sudden to be put in execution by the townsmen of Cork that were confederates with that bloody and arch-rebel the lord of Muskerry, who had prepared an army in his coun- try near Cork, to be in readiness at an hours warning, after he had intelligence from the popish priests and others of that faction, to approach towards Cork with his army of rebels, who should have been let into the town in the night, and for that purpose they had agreed among themselves, to have such towns- men that night to be in the watch, and in the court of guard, as should be in readiness to seize upon the magazine, arms, ordnance, powderi-and shot, at an instant when the word should have been given, and the rest of their confeder- ates to be likewise ready to let in the rebels at the gate, and so in the dead time of the night to enter into every Englishman's house, with swords, skcnes, and pistols, with full resolution to massacre, murder and kill, man, woman and child, for which horrible murders their holy fathers the priests had given to each one that did undertake this bloody design a free pardon and dispensation, and it pleased God that, in the interim, that this execrable plot of treason was discovered, the priests, that were the chief contrivers of this most damnable plot were taken, and at the time of their execution confessed tlicir mischievous 92 CORK REMEMlillANCER. A.D. Sir Philip Perceval suffered severely from the eighth article of the last mentioned treaty, which left £2000 per annum of his estate in possession of the Irish, who concealing themselves in. bushes and bogs, the day the cessation took place, proceeded to take the profits of tlie lands. About the same time tliey surprised the castles of Ballinguile, Ballinegragh, Templeconila, Ballyma- cow, Lisgriffm, and Bragoge, all belonging to Sir Philip, and entered upon the large fertile tract of country adjacent to them. They endeavoured also to gain the castle of Liscarrol which had been restoi'ed to Sir Philip when the Irish were defeated there ; but were repulsed by the constable Raymond. intentions, which extended to the utter extirpation of all the English protestanis in Muuster, if God had not in his infinite goodness and mercy prevented it." "For the rest of the townsmen, that had engaged themselves in this inhuman conspiracy, they were so many in number, and being at least six to one of our English, they could not so well betaken, or apprehended, without greaidanger and much effusion of blood on both sides. But the governor of Cork, and the rest of the chief commanders, for the better prevention of so great a danger, devised a remarkable counter-plot (for the taking and apprehending the town's conspirators rather by policy than by violence), and for that piu'pose caused captain Muschamp, governor of the great fort without the south gate of Cork, to fain and counterfeit himself to be in drink, and so as it were in a merry humour, invite himself to Master Major (mayor) his house to dinner; and accordingly he dined there, and after the Irish fashion was kindly entertained, and divers cups passed round of sack, claret, and usquebaugh, in friendly manner to welcome him, and make him to be the more merrily disposed." "And sitting at dinner, they discoursed of divers matters concerning the present distractions of these times, and divers i)ropositions wci'c made, and every one gave their opinions according to their own apprehensions; and amongst other discourses, captam Muschamp, seeming to be in a merry humour did speak these or such like words." "Well, Master Major, if that it should please God that the parliament in England should have the best of it in this war, and that the parliament ships were in the harbour of Cork, if you and the rest would not take the covenant to be true to the king and parliament ; I protest I would, with the great ordinance in the fort, beat down all the houses in Cork about your ears." "With that the Major and the rest of the company ruse up in a great fury, and said that he had spoken treason and he should answer it, and so they brought him before the governor, and repeated the words he had spoken; desiring that he might be proceeded against according to law, in such cases provided. Whereupon the governor gave many thanks to IMaster Major in shewing himself so good a subject, in discovering such a treason as that was, CORK REMEMBRANCER. 93 March — Sir Pliilip Perceval, after repeated applications, was A.D. at length restored to his lands and castles by the supreme council at the persuasion of lord IMuskery, who had a private esteem for Sir Philip. Maij 20 — The government issued a proclamation to free from customs and impositions for six months, all goods and commodi- ties that should be imported for the relief of the army into Dublin, Drogheda, Carlingford, Dundalk, Cork, Youghal, or Kinsale. Doctor Boyle, archbishop of Tuam, died this year and was buried in the cathedral at Cork, under a monument which he had erected for himself, while he was bishoj) of this see. sa) ing it was time to look about us, when we shall have the chief officers that are put in trust with matters of such concernmeut, as he was, being governor of the king's fort, should speak such treasonable words, 'and therefore, Master Major, you shall have my best assistance, and such punishment shall be inflicted upon him as martial law will permit." "So the Major for the present departed, and a martial court was called, and the council of war met aiid sat upon his trial, the business examined, the witnesses produced, the words were proved against him, and being found guilty, was condemned by the council of war for treason, had his sentence given to be hanged the next day. And at the time appointed the sheriffs, and the greatest part of the city came to see the execution, and the prisoner was brought out of the city well guarded, with a considerable company of musqueteers; and when they perceived that the chiefest and most dangerous men of the city were come out of the gates, the word was given, and the prisoner, captain Muschamp, being set at liberty, did command his officers to lay hold on all the chiefest of the citizens, and carry them prisoners to the fort, whereof he w-as captain and governor, and as soon as they were taken, so the chiefest aldermen and others in the city were taken, and kept prisoners as hostages to secure the English as well within, as without the gates, which were at that instant shut up, and the draw-bridge taken up, so that none could come in, nor go out, till all matters were pacified." "And in the mean time there was a proclamation made, that if the Irish resisted the English, the soldiers should shoot them, and if any English were killed in that broil, the chiefest of their city should be hanged over their walls; which proclamation did so terrify the Irish, that they were all glad to be quiet, and so there was no great hurt done, which was much to be admired, that a matter of so dangerous a consequence should be etfected without any further trouble, and the projectors thereof highly to be commended in devi- sing such a stratagem of mercy, in time of such troubles and rebellion, to prevent the shedding of guiltless blood," 94 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A. D. In this same year, the ancient natives and inhabitants of this 1644 . . city deposited the sword, mace, and cap of maintainance, with the lord lieutenant, and continued faithful in their allegiance to the king. 1G45 The earl of Castlehaven, at the head of 5000 foot and 1000 horse, took most of the strongholds in this country, as Cappoquin, Mitcheistown, Ballyhooly, &c. lord Inchiquin being obliged to stand upon the defensive ; which success had such an effect, that Liscarrol castle surrendered to the rebels without a shot having been fired, though at that time in a good posture for defence. The castles of Annagh, Walshetown and Templeconila were also taken. After this, lord Castlehaven took Mallow, Doneraile, and Milltown, which last castle, with that of Connagh, was stormed. May — Lord Inchiquin, being still left without supplies by the parliament, was obliged to take the field with 1000 horse and 1500 foot; with the latter he laid siege to Ballymartyr, and put Barrymorc and Imokilly under contributions. Loixl Broghill posted himself at Castlelyons, and by his judicious conduct, gained a noble victory on the lOtli of this month. Ballymartyr and Eostellan castles soon surrendered; but lord Castlehaven retook the latter, and made prisoners of colonel Henry O'Brien, ■brother to lord Inchiquin, and colonel Courtney, who had been sent to demolish it. After this, a party of lord Castlehaven's men having gone into the Great island to plunder, major Power, with 30 horse and two foot companies, slew 500 of them. However, lord Castlehaven afterwards took Conough castle, castle Lyons and Lismorc; which last place was bravely defended by the same Power with 100 English tenants of lord Cork, who slaughtered 500 of the Irish : but their powder being at length all spent they surrendered upon honorable terms. After this, Castlehaven besieged Youghal, but was forced to raise the siege. Oct. 22 — A nuncio from pope Urban VIII arrived in the river Kenmare with amuumition, arms, and a retinue of ecclesias- tics and Italians. Towards the end of this year, lord Inchiquin sent a party to besiege the castle of Bunratty^, which they performed, and found there enough of horses to remount the cavalry. CORK REMEMBRANCER. 95 A treaty of peace was signed by the Irish, but immediately A. D. afterwards broken at the instigation of the clergy and the nuncio, who at the same time prepared for war, and borrowed hxrge sums from tlie Spanish agent for that purpose. In the begiimingof this year lord Uroghill took Blarney castlo. Feb. — Lord Lisle, having been appointed president by the 1G4G parliament, landed at Cork, and brought over £30,000, seven pieces of large cannon, 1000 muskets, and 100 barrels of gun-powder. Upon his arrival he found things in great disorder, and several of the officers disaffected. In March he visited Tallow, Fermoy, Lismore, and Youghal, and had Knockmone in the county Waterford delivered to him. Upon his return to Cork, having grown jealous of lord Inchiquin, he spent his time" in fruitless endeavours to displace him, giving the command of the province to lord Broghill. Lord Lisle's commission having expired he returned to 1G47 England; at the same time lord Inchiquin was impeached by lord Broghill and Sir Arthur Loftus ; but the impeachment came to nothing. Sept. 28 — Lord Inchiquin, having obtained reinforcements from England, took the field, and on the 1 3th November engaged the Irish army under the command of lord Taaf at Knockinass to the west of Mallow, and completely routed them. The honor of this victoiy was however tarnished by lord Inchiquin's refusing quarter, and ordering several of the enemy to be put to the sword in cold blood, amongst whom was the brave M'Allisdrum. On the news of this victory, the parliament voted £10,000 for Munster, and £1000 as a present to lord Inchiquin. May — Lord Inchiquin made a truce with the Irish from this ^gjs time until the November following, being resolved to declare for the king on the next opportmiity. He wrote at the same time to the marquis of Ormond, who had withdrawn to France, inviting him to come over, and that he, the army, and all the important towns in this province, were ready to submit to his command. He also sent the English Roman Catholics 500 horse under major Doyley, to assist them in an expedition against the Nuncio, and Owen Roe O'Neil ; lord Clanrickard and Taaf 96 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A. D. having declared for his majesty and the peace ; and the Nuncio for the Pope and war. Upon lord Inchiquin's declaring for the king, the English parliament voted him a rebel and traitor. Se2:)t. 29 — The marquis of Ormond landed at Cork, where he was respectfully received by lord Inchiquin and his officers. On the 4th of October, he wrote to the supreme council, stating that his majesty had commissioned him to treat of a peace, and desired that commissioners might be sent to meet him at Carrick. Oct. 6 — Lord Ormond published a declaration at Cork, setting forth his intention to maintain the true Protestant interest, the king's honor, just rights of parliament, and the liberty of the subject. A copy of his letter to the supreme council fell into the hands of Colonel Jones, who sent it to the committee at Derby-house: being read in parliament, it was ordered to be sent to the Isle of Wight, to the commissioners then in treaty with the king, to know if he would avow it, and in case he disowned it, to require him to declare against the marquis. — Whereupon the king replied, that if matters were composed by the treaty, the concerns of Ireland should be left to the parlia- ment, and at the same time, desired Ormond to stop all further proceedings for the present. Notwithstanding which, the treaty went forward, and a peace was concluded between the commis- sioners and the lord lieutenant at Carrick, and fully perfected at Kilkenny, on the 1 7th of January, 1619. Owen O'Neil and the earl of Antrim having refused to submit to this peace, the lord lieutenant prepared to march against them ; but on the murder of the king, he proclaimed Charles the II. first at Youghal, and afterwards at Carrick, and soon after in all the other towns in this province. 1G49 Oliver Cromwell, was appointed by the parliament, general for Ireland. Feb. 10 — Prince Rupert came into Kinsale harbour, with sixteen ships, most of them light frigates. His design was to prepare the way for king Charles II. to whom he sent word, shortly after consulting with Ormond, to hasten to Ireland ; but the news of the king's execution arriving soon after, prince CORK REMEMBRANCER. 97 "Rupert proclaimed kino- Charles the 11. at Kinsale, and he and A.D. I (' 1*) all his officers went into mourning, and displayed black jacks, ensigns, and pendants to all the fleet. His highness sent some forces to the relief of Scilly, and a bill for oUOO pistoles to the new king. Admirals Blake and Deane were sent by the parliament to block up the prince, which service they effectually performed. The ])rince in person solicited Cork, Waterford, and other ports for assistance, and intreated them to fit out some fire ships; but being refused, he was resolved to let the winter storms drive off the enemy, rather than attack them at so great a disadvantage; besides, his men daily deserted him in great numbers. At length, for want of stores and men, he was obliged to contract his squadron to four frigates besides the flag-ships; — but even in this condition, want stared him in the face, and had it not been for the assistance of Robert South wadl, who furnished his fleet with provisions, he could not have proceeded to sea with those few ships. Being however thus supplied, he set sail, and happily arrived at Lisbon. King Charles, by his letter from the Hague, confirmed the peace, and appointed lord Inchiquin president of the province. In the mean time, Ormond drew all the forces he could muster together, and marched towards Dublin. Jidli — The marquis of Ormond, being informed that Cromwell intended to land in Munster, sent lord Inchiquin with a stronr^ detachment of horse to protect it. Aug. 14 — Oliver Cromwell landed at Dublin, with an army of 9000 foot and 4000 horse. His first action was the taking of Drogheda, after which he marched south. The chief places in this county, as Youghal, Cork,* Bandon, Kinsale, and Mallow, * Lady Fanshawe, the wife of an officer in the service of the king, addressing her son, gives the following interesting account of her escape from the Red Abbey. After describing an accident she met with by the fall of a stumbling horse, she thus proceeds. " I was in my bed when Cork revolted. By chance that day my husband was gone ou business to Kinsale : it was in the beginning of November, 1650. At midnight I heard the great guns go off, and thereupon I called up my family to rise, which I did as well as I could in that condi- tion. Hearing lamentable shrieks of men, women, and children, I asked at 98 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A.D. all by lord Broghill's interest, revolted to the parliament. — Ludlow says, that Cromwell sent a party under lord Broghill, to the assistance of the revolters, in case lord Inchiquin made any disturbance; but that the latter was forced to fly into the county Clare among his kindred. Ey the revolt of these places, Cromwell gained excellent winter quarters in this county; Yonghal was made the place of his own residence, from which he marched out early in the spring towards the county Tij^perary. At a window the cause ; tliey told me they were all Irish, stripped and wounded, and turned out of the town, and that colonel Jefferies, with some others, had possessed themselves of the town for Cromwell. Upon this, I immediately wrote a letter to my husband, blessing God's providence that he was not there with me, persuading him to patience and hope that I should get safely out of the town, by God's assistance, and desired him to shift for himself, for fear of a surprise, with promise that I would secure his papers. So soon as I had finished my letter, I sent it by a faithful servant, who was letdown the garden-wall of Red Abbey, and, sheltered by the darkness of the night, he made his escape. I immediately packed up my husband's cabinet, with all his writings, and near 1000^. in gold and silver, and all other things both of clothes, linen, and household stuff that were portable, of value ; and then, about three o'clock in the morning, by the light of a taper, and in that pain I was in, I went into the market place, with only a man and maid, and passing through an unruly tumult with their swords in their hands, searched for their chief commander Jeifries, who, whilst he was loyal, had received many civilities from your father. I told him it was necessary that upon that change I should remove, and I desired his pass that would be obeyed, or else I must remain there : I hoped he would not deny me that kindness. He instantly wrote me a pass, both for myself, family, and goods, and said he would never forget the respect he owed your father. With this, I came through thousands of naked swords to Red Abbey, and hired the next neigh- bour's cart, which carried all that I could remove ; and myself, sister, and little girl Nan, with three maids and two men, set forth at five o'clock in November, having but two horses amongst us all, which we rid on by turns. In this sad condition I left Red Abbey, with as many goods as were worth £100, which could not be removed, and so were plundered. We went ten miles to Kinsale, in perpetual fear of being fetched back again; but, by little and little, I thank God, we got safe to the garrison, where I found. your father the most disconsolate man in the world, for fear of his family, which he had no possibility to assist : but his joys exceeded to see me and his darling daughter, and to hear the wonderful escape we, through the assistance of God, has made." A Cromwellian of the day describes the surprize of the governor of Cork, at the taking of that city by the parliamentary forces, in the following strain of CORK REMEMP,RA^'CER. 99 Clonmel bo met with a most vi2;orous resistance, from the sics:o A.D. I r 1*1 of which jilace he wrote to lord Broghill, then in the west of this county, informing him that he and his forces were in a very sad condition ; that they had been twice beaten ; that his men were very sickly in the disease of the comitry, that ho must of necessity raise the sieg'e, and go off with disgrace and loss of men, if not immediately relieved ; and therefore he conjures lord Broghill, by all the tics of duty and friendship, to desist from all other designs whatever, and come without any delay to his assistance. Lord Broghill had defeated the enemy, and was putting the country under contribution, and settling matters so as to prevent mischief for the future, when he received this message, which induced him immediately to despatch a messenger, to signify to Cromwell that he had defeated the enemy, and would be ■with him in three days. Cromwell was transported with joy at this news, and as soon as lord Broghill arrived in the camp, the whole army cried out, a Broghill ! a Broghill ! and Cromwell came, and embraced him in his arms, and highly applauded his late exploit. A\^hen liis lordship joined Cromwell, he found him in a most pitiful and almost desperate condition, his army being sick, and in want of all things ; but he and his men revived at lord Broghill's arrival, and having refreshed his soldiers, they closely besieged Clonmel and took it, and afterwards Waterford. quaint luimour aul malicious triumph. "Sir Ro'ocrt Starling was governor there, who little dreamed of losing his command, and yet found he had lost it when he waked — one may truly say he was taken napping, but I must acknowledge, to extenuate his misfortune, that he was divested of his govern- ment in the dark, and consequently could not see to prevent it. Sure this major-general lost his way into that olEce, and was as much surprized at his having that employment, as we were to see him in it. His ignorance was so great it passed for his religion, for never any that saw him draw up the army, but concluded he relied on Providence for the victory, he made so little use of the means for obtaining it. He has now done that, too, which he never did to his regiment, I mean, exercised, and the word of command is, as you are ! that is, reduced to his primitive existence, which affords him tlie stoic's motto, " Omnia mea mccum porto." Thi>i makes me that I believe he will think those last eight years a dream, and that he he was never really waked out of it but when these rude fellows at Cork, presumed to do it." 100 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A. D. While Cromwell was in Clonmel, Ricliard Magner, of Castle Magner went to pay his court to him, but being represented as a very troublesome person, and one v.ho had been very active in the rebellion, Cromwell sent him with a letter to colonel Phaire, then governor of Cork, in which was an order to execvite the bearer. Magner, who suspected foul play, had scarce left Clonmel when he opened the letter, read the contents, and sealing it up, instead of proceeding towards Cork, turned off to Mallow, and delivered it to the officer who commanded there, telling him Cromwell had ordered him to carry it to colonel Piiaire. Tbis officer had often preyed upon Magner's lands, for which he was resolved to be revenged. The officer, suspecting no deceit, went with the letter, which greatly amazed the governor of Cork, who knew him to be an honest man ; he therefore immediately sent an express to Cromwell for directions, who being extremely chagrined to be so served, sent orders to let the officer have his liberty, and to apprehend Magner, who took care to get out of his reach. 1650 The titular bishop of Ross collected forces in the west of the country to relieve Clonmel, then besieged by Cromwell, but was defeated and made prisoner at Macroom en the 10th of May by Lord Broghill, who had joined Cromwell a short time before. — Broghill, however, offered him a pardon if he would make the castle of Macroom surrender, which he promised; but when he came there, he advised them to hold out to the last, for which he was immediately hanged. The castle soon afterwards sur- rendered. Jlfaf/ 29 — Cromwell having returned from Clonmel to Youghal, embarked for England, leaving his son-in-law Ireton, the lord president of Munster, to command the army. Dec. — The marquis of Ormond and lord Inchiquin quitted the kingdom, and went into France. During this year and the following season, the plague raged violently in the kingdom. The castle and town of Macroom were burnt by a party of Ii'eton's forces. 1651 High courts of justice were held in this county, for the trial of CORK REMEMBRANCER. 101 such as were concerned in i\\2 Irish massacre; but so many of A.D. 1651 them were destroyed hy the sword and pestilence, that not more than 200 suffered by the hands of the executioner. Alaf/ 12 — The garrison of Rosscarbery surrendered to the ig52 parliamentary forces, after which, there was quietness for some time in the country. Colonel Phaire, governor of Cork, and Colonel Saunders, 1G54 governor of Kinsale, declared for the parliament, against the army. Several of the Irish were transplanted into Connaught; amongst iGj5 the rest, lord Kinsale M'^as ordered to retire from this province ; but he, having obtained several certificates of his good and peaceable behaviour, presented same with a petition to Cromwell, who wrote to Fleetwood in his behalf; whereupon there M'as an order of council, dated the 19th of May following, to prevent his transplantation either to Clare or Connaught, and to allow him to keep peaceable possession of his ancient inheritance in this county. N^ov. 2 — John Carew of Garivoe was adjudged to receive 820 acres of land in Connaught or Clare, in lieu of his lands in this county, forfeited for popery. He had been an adherent of the English, and opposed to the designs of the rebels, and had on several occasions disclosed their designs of plundering the country, which he had learned through spies. His testimonial, without a date, signed William Tynte, Henry Tynte, Joshua Boyle, Garrett Fitz-Gerald, states, that for these services, the rebels were incensed against him; and about two years previous to Michaelmas last, (when they made a strong incursion into the barony of Imokilly,) were fully resolved on his destruction ; but that missing him, they went to his lands of Ballyknockan, and burned his houses and bam with at least two hundred pounds worth of corn thereon, utterly H7ite?ian(if/ff and wasting his lands; and that although he had several kindred among them, yet they were only such as designed him to destruction, for which they (the undersigned) thought it riglit to free him from any charge of kindred moneij, then impressed on others in the barony, anorof St, Fm-har"s, Cork, and to the poor of Yonghal, Cloyne and Innoshaiinon. Draw-bridges were made on the north and sonth bridges of the city of Cork, by order of lord Shannon the governor. June 10. — The corporation oftlie city of Cork, by a bye-law, changed the mode of choosing the mayoi-and sheriffs. The mayor and two sheriffs before made choice, of three persons each out of the council, being nine in all, who with the present mayor and sheriffs made twelve. These twelve went into the castle, and there contimi?d till they made choice of three other persons out of the common council, to be offered to the freemen as can- didates for the mayoralty, one of whom they elected by votes ; in case of disagreement of the twelve men until twelve o'clock at night, the mayor and sheriffs made choice next day of three more, and proceeded as before upon a choice of three persons to be offered to the freemen as candidates for the office of mayor. The new mode adopted was, that the mayor and sheriffs as formerly should choose three persons, who were to retire as before to the castle, and if they disagreed until twelve at night, the mayor was next day at eleven o'clock to call a council, the majority of which M'ere to agree on three persons to be offered as candidates. Nov. 20. — A proclamation was issued by the lord lieutenant and council, appointing " that the fairs and weekly markets of certain places, viz. Drogheda, Wexford, Cork, Limerick, Wa- terford, Youghal and Galway, be thenceforth kept without the walls of these garrisons, and that Roman Catholics be not suffe':c'd to continue or reside in the said towns, or in any corporations where garrisons were kept, imless they had for the greatest part of twelve months past, inhabited in such towns."' 1G79 March 31 — Letters were sent from the council board to the chief magistrates of the several corporations of Cork, Limerick, Waterford, Youghal, Clonmel, Galwey, Kilkenny, Drogheda, Kinsale, Wexford, Athlone and Ross, for suppressing the assemblies of the papists, and prohibiting the celebration of their popish services within and without the walls of the said corporations. Oct. — The earl of Orrery died in the o9th year of his age. CORK REMEMBRANCER. 109 The county Court-house fell down the day that Doctor Creagh, A. D. titular bishop of Cork, was tried. Some persons were killed and several others had their legs and arms broken : the judge and bishop received no hurt. The court-house was rebuilt the year following. Dec. — A blazing star, whose tail exteeded 40° in length, was seen in the west of this county. Captain Robert Brettridge gave an estate of £63 per annum, charged on the lands of Drumeumer on the Blackwater, for the support of seven old soldiers who were to have Is. 6d. per week each, and a long coat, a hat, and a pair of shoes every year. The overplus, to be applied to the apprenticing of protestant soldiers' children. ^u^. 22. — The duke of Ormond being lord lieutenant, came to ^ggj Kinsale, and the same evening visited the new fort, where he and his retinue lodged ; next morning his grace was rowed up and down to observe the harbour, and having dined at Sir Robert Southwell's, he Avent in the afternoon to see some trials of the pilchard fishing, with which he was very much entertained. He dined the next day at the old fort with Sir Richard Booth. In the evening he rode about the hills of Ringcurran, and lay every night at Sir Nicholas Armorer's. On the 25th, being at the new fort, "he began a health to his majesty,"' when there was a dis- charge of all the artillery. He changed its name from Ring- curran to Charles-fort, and then departed for Cork, being well satisfied with the fortification. March 22. — At an assizes held for this coimty, the grand jury ig82 addressed king Charles II, thanking him for the blessings of peace, security, and a flourishing trade, and assuring his majesty of their firm attachment to his person and government. June 6. — The county of the city of Cork, in imitation of Derry, Kilkenny, Limerick, and other cities in Ireland, addressed the king, declaring their abhorrence and detestation of the plot and the late association. This year there was a most severe frost, the river Lee was i683 frozen many weeks, and carriages passed over from the ferry slip to the east marsh. The bellfrey of St. Peter's Chiirch was taken down and rebuilt in this vear. 110 CORK REMEMBRANCER, A.D. After the death of kin"- Charles IT, the Irish bebw favoured hy 1LS4 . the court began to grow very insolent to the English. This year Edward Webber the mayor of Cork pulled down the sign of the duke of Monmouth's head, which had been lately set up, and caused it to be burnt with great form and solemnity. 1C85 Henry earl of Clarendon, lord lieutenant of Ireland, was presented with his freedom of the city of Cork, in a gold box by the corporation. Dec. 24 — Writs of 5'?^o tvarranto were issued against all the corporations of Ireland by lord Tyrconnell, and judgment was entered against most of the charters of this kingdom. 1G8G The lord lieutenant Tyrconnell came to Cork, and was there sumptuously entertained by the corporation, Christopher Crofts being then mayor. In the west of the county, the Irish began to rob and plunder openly; whereupon many, who remembered the beginning of the rebellion in 1641 , were so terrified that they assembled themselves, and went into walled towns ; and the Irish grew so insolent as to come in numbers with a piper playing before them, and carry off the stock and cattle of protestants in the middle of the day. 1G87 Tyrconnell having gone to England, the judges went upon their circuits through the country, "ptu'suing such instructions as he had prescribed to them before his departure, which were severe and prejudicial enough to the English and to the protestant clergy." They found the gaols stocked with tories and Irish robbers ; but Irish sheriffs and Irish juries being unwilling to convict them, not one in forty was found guilty ; and in cases where facts were so notoriously plain, that it was impossible not to find the prisoners guilty, when any of the grandees were interested in their behalf, it was usual for the prisoners to be called at the bar by wrong names, and then discharged for want of prosecution. To these arts of evading punishment, several menaces were added to terrify the plaintiff from prosecuting, an instance of which is related in the conduct of the earl of Clancarty. A poor butcher mIio resided at Mallow, having refused the servants of that nobleman a horse, they violently seized him by force. The butcher having complained in presence of the earl CORK REMEMBRANCER. Ill to tlic iudoes of assize, tlicy ordeird the earl to make him A-D. I('h7 restitution, which he promised to do; but as soon as the judges had departed, he took some of his troopers with him, and went to the man's house, and told him that he was come to give him satisfaction for his horse ; whereupon he forced him out of his house, and ordering his troopers to get ready a blanket, they tossed, him in it, ever and anon letting him fall upon the stones, till they broke him as completely as if upon the wheel, and lefthim dead upon the spot; while the earl stood by, a barbarous and inhuman spectator. The family of this butcher had a considerable tract of Clancarty's estate afterA\ards granted to them by king William, which were called "the lands of the butcher of conscience." Feb. 11. — Sir James Cotter, Knt. was appointed by James II, ig89 governor of the city of Cork, and of the Great Island, to keep the officers and soldiers in good order and discipline. Feb. 23. — Lieutenant-general Justin M'Carty, commander in chief in Munster,gave an order to lieutenant-colonel M'Donough, "to seize all arms, ammunition, and serviceable horses, in Orrery and Duhallow, except those which belonged to privy councillors and persons in the army ; and also, except swords and baggonets of persons of quality, or gentlemen." An account was to be kept, that satisfaction might be made for them, and no outrage was to be committed in the execution of this order. 26. — M'Carty appointed Sir James Cotter to command his majesty's forces, in the city, the fort, and within the liberties of Cork. Feb. 28. — The Bandonians, havmg heard that the earl of Clancarty was marching with six comjjanies, to reinforce the troop of horse and the two companies of foot then in their town, commanded by captain Daniel O'Neil, disarmed the garrison, killed some soldiers, took possession of their horses and arms, and would have done much more if they had been assisted. They then shut their gates, and generously refused to give up any of their leaders; but in the end tliey purchased their pardon for £1000, with the demolition of their walls, which were razed to the ground, and never since rebuilt. About this time a large party of Irish horse and foot entered 112 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A.D. Cork, and at midnight disarmed all the protestants of the town, and on the following day seized their horses. They acted similarly in all the neighbouring villages ; and broke into the houses of several principal citizens, from whence they took great sums of money. March 4. — M'Carty gave a warrant to Sir James Cotter, then colonel of dragoons, to search for and seize all horses, arms, and ammunition, in the county of Cork, from persons not licensed by him. March 12. — King James landed at Kinsale, and soon after arrived at Cork, where on the following Sunday, he heard mass in a chapel belonging to a monastery on the north side of the city of Cork. He was supported through the streets of the city by two Franciscan friars, and attended by many others of the same order in their habits. This abbey, according to Wadding, was founded by Mac Carthy More in 1231; but Ware says in 1240 by Philip Prendergast. From the strict discipline observed here, it acquired the name of the my-ror of Ireland. Here was a most stately church, where several of the principal persons of Munster were interred, and near it was a celebrated spring, which the friars pretended had the virtue of cimng sore eyes, by the miraculous intercession of St. Francis. The possessions of this house were granted by queen Elizabeth to Andrew Skiddy, who assigned them to the earl of Cork, by whom they were given to his son lord Broghill, afterwards carl of Orrerj-. May 1. — Admiral Herbert being on the south coast of Ireland, discovered the French fleet at anchor in Bantry bay ; but after several ineffectual attempts to engage them at advantage, he was compelled to stand out to sea, as well to get his ships into line, as to gain the wind of the enemy ; but he fovmd them so cautious in bearing down that he could not get an opportunity of doing so; in consequence of which he continued battering upon a stretch till five in the afternoon, when the French admiral stood into the bay. Admiral Herbert's ship, and some others, being disabled in their rigging, could not follow them, but continued for some time before the bay, and the admiral gave them a shot at parting. CORK REMEMBRAN'CER. 113 June — In this and the followincr month, Sir James Cotter was A. D. appomted to receive the rents of various lands m JJarrymorp, Imokilly, and Kerriciirrihy, which appear to have been the lands of the protestants which had been sequestered. Ju7ie 18 — Mr. Richard Manscll of Cork, narrowly escaped being hanged, for refusing to take the brass money which king- James had issued. July 20. — Sir James Cotter was appointed head ranger of Shannon Park, in the county of Cork. ^uff. 11. — Lord Clare, governor of Cork, committed all the protestants of the city to St. Peter's, Christ church, and the court houses. On the 10th Sept. several were sent to Blarney castle, and on the 11th many to Macroom. On the 13th October, all the churches were shut up. In several places the governors went into houses and shops, and seized what they foimd, without the formality of a pretence, and took it away. Monsieur Boileau, who was governor of Cork with lord Clare, "not failing in any punctilio of his country's dragooning," was supposed to have sent off for France the value of £30,000 in money, leather, and other commodities, the spoils of the protestants of this rich city. ^cpt. 13. — Major-general Sgravenmoer sent colonel Donep to burn the bridge of Mallow, and to view the castle, who having done so, returned on the 17th, with an account that above one hundred protestant families thereabouts were in great fear of the rapparees, who had orders from the governor of Cork to burn their houses. The major-general thereupon sent a party under major Tittinghoft to protect them, who engaged the Irish, who were three or four thousand in number, and by a stratagem completely routed them. Sir Thomas Southwell and several other gentlemen of this county, when marching « ith their servants to join lord Kingston at Sligo, were met by the high sheriff of the county Galway, and forced to sun-ender, upon promise of safety and liberty; notwith- standing which they were afterwards treated with the greatest indignity and cruelty. Dec. 1 1 . — ^The grand jury of this county passed a presentation for raising £ 100 for the seamen who brought over king James. 114 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A.D. Youghcil surrendered to 50 dragoons of king William's army. ^ug. 9 — The governor of Youghal marched with 36 dragoons and 42 foot to Castlemartj-r, which he obliged to surrender, and the garrison to march out without arms or horses. Major Pettinghoff marched from Mallow with a party of horse and dragoons within nine miles of Cork, and attacked 3000 Irish rapparees, with others who were posted there, 500 of whom he killed, and drove the remainder into Cork. The consternation of the enemy was so great, that eight troops of the English rode through the north suburbs, and up Blarney lane, without any con- siderable opposition. Se2yt. 22 — The earl of IMarlborough arrived in Cork harboiu' with a body of forces, which consisted of nine complete regiments, besides two detachments amounting to 300 men, his entrance was opposed by the enemy with a battciy of eight guns, which he soon however silenced, by sending some armed boats on shore, and on the 23d landed without further opposition. On the 22d major-general S^ravenmoer was sent by the baron de Ginckle with 900 horse and 300 dragoons to join the earl, who on the day he landed detached the greater part of the land forces, headed by the duke of Grafton to Passage, and followed himself; and having the day after approached within a mile of Cork, he gave orders for mounting the cannon, in which he received great assistance from five or six hundred seamen and a body of marines, who, headed by the duke of Grafton, drew the artillery, though opposed by two troops of dragoons and a body of foot from the town. On the 25th, Tcttau with 1000 men, having drawn some cannon to the Fair hill at the north side of the town, for the purpose of attacking the new forts and Shandon castle, the Irish immediately set fire to the suburbs between him and them, and abandoning the forts and castle, retired with precipitation into the city. The English having occupied the castle, planted some guns there and fired into the city. About the same time Sgravenmoer, with 1200 horse and dragoons, passed the river and took up his quarters at Gill-abbey. On the 26th the duke of Wirtemberg with his Danes, and La Melloniere with some French and Dutch foot, arrived and encamped before the town. On the U'i- .^r^jLeaiy yi-.UlflS SC^auVk MJl G or> MA¥ m CDs^iK m im^. CORK REMEMBRANCER^ 115 27tb, the English took possession of Cat fort which the enemy A. D. had abandoned, and raising a battery there, threw bombs into the city, and fired their cannon npon the great fort, from the frier's garden, and from another battery above the fort near the abbey. At the same time general Sgravenmoer, having passed the river, sent lieutenant Horatio Townshend with two files of men to the top of the steeple of the cathedral, which commanded the fort, who shot the governor, and did other considerable execution. To remove this party, the Irish traversed two guns against the steeple, and shook it exceedingly; whereupon the men offered to go down, but Townshend with invincible courage commanded those below to take away the ladder, and continued in that post till the fort s^a•rendered the next day. By this time the cannon from the Red abbey had made a breach in the city wall, and brought the besieged to a parley ; but in consequence of their not acceptmg the terms which were offered, the besiegers soon made a considerable breach, and the Danes from the north, and four regiments of English from the south, under brigadier Churchill, passed the river to the custom-house marsh, in order to storm the town. The grenadiers under lord Colchester led the van with incredible bravery, exposed to the enemy's fire, being encouraged by the duke of Grafton and other resolute volunteers. Here it was that the duke was mortally wounded by a musquet shot.* The van posted themselves under the bank of the marsh, which served as a counter-scarp to the city wall ; and at the same time the Salamander and another vessel coming up with the tide to the end of the marsh, directly before the wall, played their cannon at the breach, and threw bombs into the city. On the 28th, every thing being ready for a general assault, colonel M'Ellicut the governor agreed to surrender the town and the garrison and himself as prisoners of war, upon condition that no injury should be done to the inhabitants, and that the general should endeavour to obtain for them his majesty's pardon. The governor, previous to the capitulation, had taken £500 from the inhabitants, to spare the town and suburbs from being burnt ; notwithstanding which, without any provocation or necessity, he caused the suburbs to * The place where he was killed is now culled Grafton's Alley. 116 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A.D, be set on fire at both ends, whereby a great part of the city, was destroyed, and hundreds of protcstants by this breach of faith reduced to beggary. The protestant magistrates now re-assumed their offices, proclaimed the king and queen, and put the place into some order. On the morning of the 29th, several seamen and other loose persons entered the city through the breach, and plundered many houses, especially those of the papists ; but as soon as the bridge coiild be repaired the earl of Marlborough, the duke of Wirtemberg, and general Sgravenmoer entered the town, and took much pains to preserve it from further damage. In the afternoon all the papists were ordered by proclamation, on pain of death, to deliver up their arms, and repair to the east marsh, where all who had been in arms were scciired, and put under guards, the officers, in the county court-house, and the rest in other places, which was very necessary, there being near 5000 prisoners, and more than 350 officers. This conquest cost his majesty not so many as 50 men killed and wounded. Cork being thus reduced, was put under the government of colonel Hales. Brigadier Villiers was the same day detached with a party to possess himself of Kinsale, which not being tenable was deserted by the enemy. On the 2d of October lord Marlborough came thither with the army, and on the following day major-general Tettau and colonel Fitz-Patrick, with about 800 men, got over in boats unpcrceived near Ringroan castle, and marched down towards the old fort, which they boldly assaulted and took by storm, whereupon the enemy retired into the castle ; but at the same time three barrels of their gunpowder took fire at the gate, and blew it up with about 40 soldiers. At length the governor colonel Driscoil, and 200 of the garrison being killed, the rest sm-rendered upon promise of quarter. Colonel Churchill in a state dispatch, says of the English garrison then in Cork. "They are fit to conquer, for they must do that, or starve, which they were very nigh doing, and consequently desperate. They can draw out 500 men, and not 100 pair of shoes among them, which are not to be got there for money if they had it." Oct. 5. — Trenches were opened against Charles-fort; but on CORK REMEMBER ANCER. 117 the 1 5th a broach bpins; made I)y the Danes, and the English being A. U. masters of the counterscarp, the governor surrendered upon honorable terms. Dec — One Mac Fineen, a prisoner in Cork, escaped, and having got together a partj- of 400 men marched to Iniskeen ; but finding it guarded, they went to Castletown, where was a lieutenant and 30 dragoons, who bravely defended the place ; but were at length forced to surrender. About this time the Irish who expected to be protected by the English were ordered to come within the line, viz. Castlehaven, Macroom, Mallow, Ballyhooly, Fermoy bridge, Cappoquin, Cahir, &c. being the English quarters. A Dutch ship which had been made a prize in Bantry bay, was retaken from the Irish by colonel Eecher. Thirty-six of the enemy were drowned and as many more made prisoners. Jan. 24. — 1500 of the Irish, who were encouraged by the 1G91 arrival of Tyrconnel and others from France, with fresh supplies of arms, ammunition, &c. attacked Fermoy; but the Danes who defended it beat them back. Soon after 14 troops of horse and dragoons joined them, with which they moved towards Ballyma- gooly, under the command of brigadier Carroll, whereupon general Tettau with 700 horse and 300 foot marched against them and put them to flight. Fel). 20. — The lords justices issued a proclamation, decrying king James's brass money. March 21. — A detachment of 400 horse and foot under major CuUiford marched from Cork towards Ballyclogh, where the enemy were entrenching themselves ; but on his approach they deserted their works, and left seven of their men, four of whom were officers, to be taken prisoners. At Bantry also, 70 of the Irish were killed, and 15 taken prisoners. 24 — Mr. Becher having seized an island on the coast, harrassed the Irish from thence. April 11. — Clonakilty was attacked by 500 Irish, who were however beaten off" by the garrison. On the following day about 1500 of the Irish assaulted Iniskeen, and burnt the whole village except one house into which the garrison retired, and bravely defended until relief came from Bandon. n 118 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A. D. Macroom was attacked by a great number of the Irish, who fled upon the approach of major Kirk, with 300 dragoons. April 30 — Capt. Thornicroft and heutenant Hayes upon their return from Ballymagooly with 100 of the Cork garrison, was attacked by Sir James Cotter, major Shngsby, and 300 of the Irish. The Enghsh had but just time to draw up into an old decayed pound at Six-mile Watei', where the ditch was scarce breast high, and in many places broken ; they resisted however several attacks for the space of three hours, and at last forced the enemy to retire with the loss of 60 men killed, and as many wounded. Major Slingsby was carried prisoner to Cork, where he died of his wounds. The English lost but eight soldiers and two carmen, and had five wounded. This engagement was called the fight of Bottle hill. May 1. — Charles Boyle obtained letters patent from king William and queen Mary, to be governor of the city and county of Cork. An engagement took place between the militia and the Irish at the ford of Ballyderawn, in which the former were successful. In the same month lieutenant Moore met with a party near Bantry, where he killed five, and cornet Evanson four of the enemy. On the 15th the militia of Eandon took captain Hugh Donovan and six of his regiment prisoners, and surprized forty rapparees in a wood, as they were at supper, from whom they tc ok twenty horses and other booty. About this time also the Dragon and Advice, frigates, being in Baltimore bay landed 100 seamen, wiio, joining with some of the militia, marched up the country, but contented themselves with a booty of cattle. June. — Inniskeen was, by order of governor Cox, fortified and a garrison of the militia put into it, a party of whom he detached under colonel Townshend towards Bantry, where they killed near 100 rapparees, and brought off a great deal of plunder. Colonel Hastings marched from Cork and seized Drumana, on the Black- water. Major Stroud, at the head of a party of militia, killed several rapparees near Ballyclough, and lieutenant-colonel Moore, ten days after, slew GO more near Bandon. Juhj. — 500 of the militia under colonel Becher met 400 Irish CORK REMEMBRANCER. 119 near Skibbereen, and put them to flight. The Irish had near 00 A. D. kiHed, and the mihtia obtained a great booty of cattle. The Enghsh and Dutch Smyrna fleets appeared in the harbour of Kinsale. August 13. — Lord Kinsale quitted king James's party and retired to his estate. Several rapparees were killed by major Fenwick near Macroom, and seven others were slain in Minterbarra. Oct. 7. — The account of the articles being signed and exchanged for the surrender of Limerick having arrived in Cork, the citizens expressed their joy by bonfires, and discharges of cannon from the walls and the ships in the harbour. The Irish foot having marched from Limerick to Cork, upon the surrender of the former city, to be shipped for France, several of them embarked in the Breda frigate, which lay at anchor in Cork, har- bour. On the 12th she accidentally took fire and blew up, most of the men being lost : Captain Tenet the commander, was taken up alive, but died within an hour. c'Voy. — The Irish horse were shipped off" at Cork. The commissar3''-general of the Danish forces went with them, to receive their bills of exchange and to see the transport sliips sent back. Dec. 9 — ^Thefollowing testimonial of his conduct, while he was governor of Cork, under James II, was given to Sir James Cotter, knt. "We the undernamed of the citty of Corke doe declare, that during Sir James Cotter's being governor of the said citty and county, the protcstants thereof, (as much as in him lay,) did receive all manner of countenance and favour from him, and that, instead of being confined or imprisoned upon all alarms, as we were by his predecessors and successors in that government, he desired all such of us as were by them turned out of the citty and our houses, to [ ] into them again, and that during his government there should be no sucli hardship put upon us, which he justly performed ; for which reason, and no other that we could either know or heare of, he hath, (to our great prejudices,) been removed, being by the French faction represented as a man not fit to be trusted, where any protestants were. All which we hold 120 CORK REMEMBRANCIlR. A-D. ourselves obliged to certifie under our hands att Corke, this 9t!i day of December, 1691." (Signed) Daniel Crone, Mayor. P. Renew, Samuel Love, sheriffs. Walter Neale, rector and vicar of St. Mary's Shandon, and vicar-general of the diocess of Cork and Ross. Wm. Carr, John Gillman, Fra. Rogers, Wm. Roberts, Ulick Greene, Edmund Knapp. A similar certificate was at the same time given to him by the lord bishop of Cork and Ross, who however declared in it, that he knew nothing of the cause of his removal. He had also a certificate, (signed) Fr. Pomeroy, dean, Edw. Synge, rector and vicar of Christ church, Corke. On the 12th of May 1692, Charles Northcote certified, "that when he, Mr. William Southwell, and Mr. Symou Griffith, were sent prisoners from off the French fleet, in the harbour of Cork, to Sir James Cotter, governor of the said city, the said Sir James Cotter did use them with all humanity and kindness he was able, notwithstanding their being under sentence for treason against the then government, and that he ventured to be kind to them, beyond their hopes and reasonable expectations."' 1692 Jem. 19. — A great frost began in Ireland, and continued until the middle of February. March 23. — A proclamation was published, declaring the war in Ireland to be at an end. Provisions being exceedingly scarce after the war, 20 ships laden with various kinds arrived at Cork, under convoy of the Smyrna merchant, from England. July 18 — Four French men of war, having been disabled by admiral Russel at the battle of La Hogue, were brought into Kinsale by the king's ships. On the 1st of August Sir George Rook arrived in the same harbour with the squadron under his command, and about 40 English and Dutch merchant ships. J\rov. — There was a violent storm which did great damage at Cork and Kinsale. In Bantry bay a privateer of 20 guns belong- ing to St. Maloes, perished. 1G93 The flesh shambles of Cork were erected by the corporation, in the centre of the city, at the expense of £481 5s. St, Mary Shanu(,>n church was built in the same vear. CORK REMEMBRANCER. 121 A party ol" about 10 torics came to Skibbcrcen, where having A. D. killed two revenue officers, they plundered the custom-house, and carried oft' all the goods therein^ A tip-staft" was sent from Dublin by the house of commons, against James French and Simon Dring, sheriffs of the city of Cork, for quartering soldiers on private house-keepers. Jan. 20. — The common council of Cork ordered that the 1095 Roman Catholics imposed on them as freemen by the late king James without taking the usual oaths, should not be deemed freemen of this city for the future. July 30. — The Devonshire, man of war, had her deck blown up by accident in Kinsale harbour, and thirty men wounded. May 16 — The deputy governor of this county, with the bishops, clergy, and gentry thereof, entered into an association for the defence of his majesty's person and government. The townsmen of Youghal, having manned out a boat with ig95 about 40 seamen and soldiers, took a French privateer, which lay at anchor under Cable island, and had seized some boats belonging to the town. JSTov. — Amos Godsell, Thomas Lapp, Joseph Maddock, Yff] Joseph Franklin, Thomas Millerd, William Delahide, sen. and James Baker, freemen of the city of Cork, petitioned the house of commons on behalf of themselves, and the greatest part of the traders who were freemen, against the mayor and common council of that city, complaining of several unreasonable taxes imposed upon them since the surrender of the city to khig William, and stating amongst other things, that the gateage paid by the foreign- ers since the year 1G90, was much more than the corporation had expended in repairing their walls and bridges ; that the revenue of the city amounted to £700 per annum, which was sufficient to defray all the expenses of the corporation, to repair the walls and bridges, and to pay their just debts ; and that the common council exempted themselves, by a bye-law made by themselves, from having soldiers quartered on them, and at the same time quartered them on the petitioners. On the 22d the petition was argued, and counsel heard, and witnesses examined on both sides, when it was resolved, nem. con, that the petitioners had fully proved 122 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A.D. their allegations, and tliat the levying of gateage complaiucd of was exorbitant, arbitrary, and illegal. It was at the same time ordered that Mr. James French the late mayor, should be taken into the custody of the Serjeant at arms, for contemptuous words which he had spoken against the house; and that Mr. Theophilus Morris, one of the late sheriffs, be summoned to attend the house, to answer a complaint against him for discouraging the prosecu- tion of the petition. Dec. 24. — A body of troops in the service of William III arrived from Flanders, and landed at Bantry bay. 1G98 The old barrack to the east of Elizabeth's fort was built this year. ^ug. 25. — The marquis of Winchester and the earl of Galway lords justices, arrived at Cork. They were met some miles from the town by the bishop and clergy of the diocese, and several gentlemen, and were received at the gates by the mayor and aldermen in their formalities, by whom they were sumptuously entertained, at the expense of £200, and were made free of the city. On the 26th they went to Kinsale, visited the fort, and reviewed Sir Matthew Bridge's regiment of foot. On the 28th, they reviewed the royal regiment of foot, commanded by Colonel Hamilton, and the same day returned to Cork, where, after having taken a view of the Harbour, they were entertained by the bishop. On the following day they left Cork for Limerick. There were in this county 30 regular clergy and 97 seculars, of whom 75 were this year shipped off from Cork, their passage and provisions being paid for by act of parliament. An agreement was entered into between Timothy Tuckey and William Dunscombe, whereby the latter was to build a "stone bridge from Tuckey's kea* to the east or Dunscombe's marsh." This bridge was built in the following year. * Tuckey's quay was originally the bank or waste ground outside the city wall, extending 1U30 feet from "the south river Lee, to the river of the middle key," and was bounded on the east by a channel of tlie river, which divided it from Dunscombe's marsh. The south part of it was afterwards called Post Office quay. The channel was at a subsequent period filled up, and with the q\iays at each side, now forms the Grand Parade. CORK REMEMBRANCER. 123 William Worth, granted the Spittle lauds, with those of east A. D. and West Ballynamought and Cahirgall to the mayor and con- stables of the Staple, in trust for St. Stephen's, or the Blue Coat Hospital. This charity had been founded by Dr. Edward Worth, bishop of Killaloe and dean of Cork, some time before the restoration ; and the hospital seems to have been possessed of the estates in the north liberties, long before the above grant,^ as appears from an order of council of October 7, 1674, mentioned by Smith, while the name of the other estates, "Spittle lands," as well as some passages in William Worths's grant,^ indicate a similar previous ownership. A letter of attorney* also, (the original of which is in the possession of Mr. A. Abel) corroborates this view ; so that on the whole, it seems that William Worth took on himself to remodel the charity, without being himself ia any respect the founder. * The fallowing is a copy of the letter of attorney, above mentioned . I, Domnick Sarsfield, Esq. mayor of yc citty of Corcke, and prior of ye hospital! of St. Stephen, without ye south gate of ye said citty, pursuant to an order lately made in the common councel of the said citty ; doe by these presents, impower and authorise Michael Gold, of the citty of Corck, gent,, my lawful atturuey, to ask, [ ] levy, sue for, and recover from Johu Cornish, butcher, an [ ] y^ lessees and tenants of the lands and tenamts. belonging to y^ said hospitall, to ye use, and in trust for y^ Reveread fathers of ye society of Jesus, liveing in y^ said citty, ye sume of three score pounds sterling, yearly, to commence from ys 25th day of March last, and to continue as in ys said order of councell is settled, and to ask, have, receive, sue for, and recover ye sume of £30 sterling, due of ye said salary to ye said fathers, for half a year, ending ye 29th of 7ber last. And I do likewise impower and authorise ye said Michael Gold, pursuant to ye said order of councell, and by direction and approbation of ye said fa"^*. in case he be refused payment by ye said .John Cornish, or any other ye tenants or lessees, to distraine for what rents and arrears are or shall be due, and to sue, arrest, attatch, and prosecute all and every ye said tenants and lessees, and upon recovery or payment to him, to pay and satisfye over unto ye said fathers, ye said three score pounds, and what ye said atturney shall doe in and concerning ye said matters, I doe by these presents ratify, allow, and confirme. Witness my hand and seal, this llth day of February, 1689. DOM. SARSFIELD, Mayor. (Seal.) Being present, fJ-^^'^^V^^'-'^^^' '^ ^ '5 Don. Eeeffe, 124 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A. D. June — Twelve regiments of foot embarked at Cork for Flanders* 1701 Dec. 15 — The mayor, sheriffs, and commonalty of Cork addressed his majesty king William, setting forth their attachment to his person and government, and that they wonld aid him with their lives and fortunes, against the French king and all his enemies. Admiral Sir Stafford Fairborne and General Earle, being at Cork, were sumptuously entertained by the citizens and presented with their freedom in silver boxes. 1703 An act was passed this year for cleansing the channel of the harbour of Coi*k. July — The Duke of Ormond, lord lieutenant of Ireland, made a progress through this province, and reviewed the forces and garrisons of Waterford, Cork, Kinsale, Limerick, &c. J^Tov. 18 — Upon petition of the sovereign of Kinsale, it was ordered that the light-house at the old head of Kinsale might have lights as usual. 1704 Sixty-two Roman Catholic Priests were registered in the county and city of Cork, of which fifty-two were in the county and four in the city. 1705 Sir John Jennings with a squadron of Ships of war, and three French privateer prizes came into Cork harbour. 1706 A great part of the walls of the city of Cork being in a ruinous condition, there was an order of council to have several of the breaches stopped, and all the stairs leading thereto taken down, and the same year a great part of the city wall facing the east marsh was taken down accordingly. Auijust — Several regiments of horse and foot encamped near Cork under the command of major-general Langston, in order to be embarked for Catalonia. Dean Swift about this time, thus writes in relation to Cork: "There is not an acre in Ireland turned to half its advantage, yet it is better improved than the people, and all those evils are the effects of English misrule, so your sons and grandchildren will find to their sorrow. Cork indeed was a place of trade, but for some years past is gone to decay, and the wretched merchants, instead of being dealers, are pedlars and cheats." CORK riEMEMBRANCER. 125 ufipril 3. — The high sheriff, grand jury, deputy governor, A.D. justices of the peace, clergy, Sec. of this county addressed the queen, testifying their abhorrence of the designed invasion of the French, promising that they would stand by her majesty, with their lives and fortunes, and thanking her for the dispatch used in sending out the fleet and assembling the land forces. An epidemic fever visited Cork from the month of August until the following January. The foundation of the exchange was laid. This year the last presentment for killing wolves was made in 17 jq this county. The wooden bridge at the north end of the city of Cork was 1712 taken down, and a new bridge erected, the piers, arches, and hutments of which, were faced with hewn stone. May 7. — Mary Earberry M'as burnt at Gallows green, for poisoning her husband. The wooden bridge at the south end of the city of Cork was 1713 taken down, and a stone bridge erected at the expense of the corporation. The earl of Sunderland presented addresses to king George I, 1714 on his accession to the throne from the high sheriff, grand jury, justices of the peace, gentlemen and freeholders of the county, and the grand juiy, freeholders, gentlemen, and principal inhabitants of the county of the city of Cork, and also from the corporations of Kinsale and Charleville. There was a great fall of snow, which continued two months. 1715 North gaol was built by a tax on the inhabitants. The Green Coat Hospital was built on a waste piece of ground adjoining the old church-yard, where the old parish church formerly stood, till it was demolished in the late wars. This ground was presented by the Reverend Dr. Henry Maule, then incumbent of the parish of St. Mary Shandon, to whom it then belonged. The battle of Glanmire was fought on Saturday, the 11th of June. It was occasioned by the soldiers of the regiment who lay in the old barrack, who turned out for their arrears and pay, which were detained from them for some time. They marched out of the 126 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A_-D. barrack, and went up to lower Glaslieen, with drums beating, and colours flying, crossed the river Lee, went to the foot of Dublin hill, and encamped in a field belonging to one Peter Healy, where they halted a few days, and then marched to Glan- mire. At this time they were pursued by a regiment of soldiers, who landed that morning at the Cove of Cork, with two brass field pieces; upon which the mutineers made a stand at the further side of the bridge, headed by a Dutchman, named John Christopher Gurry, and some others of their own regiment, who made a resolute defence : their ammunition having failed, they made use of their buttons as a substitute for bullets, when at last they gave way, and retreated in disorder. The Dutchman, and Coffee, and Holland, two of the ringladers, were taken, tried by a court-martial, and shot at Gallows-green. Many others were whipt severely. Christ church being in a ruinous condition, was taken down, and rebuilt in the year 1720, by a tax of one shilling per ton, laid on all coal and culm brought into the city. The corporation gave £200 towards the expense of the building. 1718 The king's castle was taken down in this year, and houses were built on its site. The queen's castle was standing in the reign of James I. Both were situated at the lower end of Castle street. The site of Skiddy's and Brcttridge's alms' houses which were at this time connected with onc-anothcr, having fallen into decay, the corporation determined upon finding another site, and letting the ancient one for the benefit of the charities, and accordingly took a piece of ground from the trustees of the Green Coat hospital, upon which they erected a buikling capable of contain- ing the inmates under the wills both of Skiddy and Bi-etti-idge. Dec. 20 — War was proclaimed in Cork against Spain. 1719 The Mardyke walk was commenced at the private expense of Mr. Edward Webber, who also built a house at the west end, where there were good gardens planted with fruit, for the accom- modation and entertainment of persons who frequented the walk. The new barrack in Elizabeth's fort was built. In the same CORK REMEMBRANCER. 127 year, the foundation of the North Charitable Infirmary v.as laid, A. I"). ' i7iy and St. Peter's school and alms house were built, as also Kp'le's quay, on the east side of the north gaol. An act v/as passed, whereby, after reciting, " that it had been found by experience, that all cities well furnished with public lights in the dark nights are much freer from murders, robberies, thefts, and other insolencies, than such cities as are not so fur- nished, and for want of them, many accidents in the night time have happened, to the ruin of several inhabitants residing in such cities," it was enacted, amongst other provisions for light- ing several towns and cities, that William Maynard, Esq. Samuel "Wilson and Jeremiah Forster, merchants, their exe- cutors and administrators, shall have full pov/er and authority, from time to time, during the space of twenty -one years, to cause public lights to be erected and maintained in the city of Cork, and the liberties thereof. Jan 19. — St. Nicholas's church v/as begun to be erected. 1720 St. Anne's Shandon church was commenced upon the old foundation, where St. Mary Shandon stood : it was determined to make it a distinct parish, upon the demise or removal of the then incumbent. It was erected by subscription. The steeple is of hewn stone, 120 feet high, with a spire 50 feet in addition, which v/as erected in the year 1749. In this same year Blackrock castle was built. April 18. — Captains Henry Vv^ard and Francis Fitz-Gerald 1722 were hanged and quartered at Gallows-green, for enlisting men for the service of the pretender. May 19. — One WiUiam Eoe stood in the pillory, and on the 23d was severely whipt for repeating the following seditious words, "may king James the third enjoy his own again." Lord Shannon, one of the lords justices of Ireland, was entertained by the corporation of Cork, and presented with his freedom in a gold box. May 14 — St. Paul's chiu'ch Avas built by a subscription of the 1723 parishioners. The ground where it is situated wa.s granted by the corporation to bishop Browne. The old custom-house being too small, it was taken down ;uid 1724 128 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A. U. a new one erected the same year ; which building is now occupied by the Royal Cork Institution. 1725 The cathedral church of St Fin-Bar's was taken down in order to be rebuilt. 1726 June 20 — The east end of St. Nicholas's church was greatly damaged by thunder and lightning, and some of the books and cushions were burnt. Douglas factory was begun to be built. 1727 March W. — There happened one of the greatest inundations known in this city before that time ; the water was one foot two inches over the highest part of the quays ; it blew a storm all the night before at S. W. 1728 This year the building of South gaol was commenced, and was finished in 1730. A wooden bridge was built on Dimscombe's marsh by alderman Crone. Feb. 2 — There being a scarcity of provisions this year, a desperate mob arose, and broke open the cellars of the mayor, and did other considerable mischief. They were at length suppressed by the military, who were compelled to fire upon them. In the beginning of June there were great riots between the weavers and butchers at the fair of this city. 1729 The north and south chapels were built; the latter was after- wards burnt. An act was passed for cleansing and deepening the harbours and rivers of Cork, Galway, Sligo, Drogheda and Belfast; and for erecting a ballast-office in each. According to the accounts of the collector of the duty on coals, from 1719 to 1729 there were about 6000 tons of coal burnt in this city yearly. 1730 The dragon was blown off the exchange. 1731 A new bridewell, and a bridge on Haman's marsh, which led to the quaker's meeting-house, were this year built. 1732 According to a return made by the hearth money collectors in this and the following year, there were in the city of Cork, 2569 Protestant, and 5398 Roman Catholic families. On Whit-sun Monday and Whit-sun Tuesday, the weavers, combers, and other persons belonging to the cloathing trade, paraded the streets, with a loom drawn by horses. CORK REMEMBRANCER. 129 Sent. — A larofo brids-e was erected between Ilamairs and ^^'^• 1732 Pike's marshes, which last, with the quay called Pike's quay, was then filled up. The corporation erected shambles for the sale of meal and milk 173.3 at the south side of the city, which cost £140. Forty carcases of beef were seized, and burnt before the 1735 exchange of Cork, as not being fit for transportation. An act was passed this year, whereby, after reciting, "that the cathedral church of St. Fin-barry in the city of Cork was by length of time grown so ruinous and decayed, that it was not safe for the inhabitants of said parish to attend divine service therein, and that it had become absolutely necessary to pull down the same in order to have it rebuilt, and that the economy of the dean and chapter belonging to said cathedral, by reason of the smallness of its fund, and that the inhabitants of said parish, by reason of their poverty, were unable to support the whole charge of rebuilding the cathedral;" and also reciting the necessity for a work-house in the city of Cork, and the willingness of the corporation of Cork to appropriate a convenient piece of ground for the pvn-pose; it was enacted that one shilling per ton duty should be laid on coals and culm brought into the city, towards the building of the cathedral and of a work-house, to be applied for five years towards the expense of the cathedral, and for the remainder of the time, to the building and support of the work-house. St. Fin-barry's free school and library were founded by archdeacon Pomro}^ for the education of such children as the bishop should recommend. Several weirs wTre presented by the grand jury as nuisances, and 1737 removed by the sheriffs. Gill-abbey castle fell down, after standing 980 years. 1738 May 4 — On this and the previous day was fought the famous stag match between the county and city gentlemen. The latter lost ten battles out of twelve. June — The Charming Sally of Bristol, (captain John Maddox commander,) when within 300 leagues westward of Ireland, struck against a grampus of enormous size; the ship gave a terrible bounce, and overset all the chests, &c. in the cabin, and between 130 CORK REMEMBRANCER. .\. D. decks. It was supposed that the fish was cut dreadfully, as the sea was stained with his blood : shortly afterwards the ship begau to fill with water, and upon examination, it was fouud to have been much injured, and to prevent her sinking, the crew stuffed pieces of beef and pork between the planks, and by continual pumping kept her above water for five days, at the end of which period they met a sloop from Portugal bound to Cork, into which they went, and thus arrived safe in this city in a few days. 13 — Murtagh Oge 0"Sullivan, of Eyres, in this county, pv\b- lished in a Cork newspaper an advertisement of this date, stating, "that he had been charged with the harbouring of tories and rapparees ;" and giving notice, that he would stand his trial for the same at the next general assizes. 1739 JSfov. 5. — War was proclaimed in Cork against the king of Spain. Dec. 26. — The river Lee was frozen by one of the hardest frosts in the memory of man, usually called "the hard frost"; during the time it lasted tents were fixed on the river, from the north strand to Blackrock, and several amusements were carried on there, which continued even after the commencement of the thaw. One day a quaker having impmdently ventured too far down the channel, the ice broke, and he fell in. An arch wag seeing what happened, ran to the first tent and asked the owner, if any smuggled goods were in the cellar, and if so, desired him to secure them, otherwise they would be seized, as an exciseman had just gone down there to search. During this frost. Lough a Drippel near Dunman way, remained without freezing. 1740 The corn market was built. During the summer of this year there was a great scarcity, and nimibers of the poor perished, though several were daily fed at a public iness in this city. There was a large pit dug at the back of the Green in Shandon church-yard, where several hundred indigent persons were buried, for want of money to purchase graves for themselves. 1741 Sept — Captain Chipps arrived in Cork from Dantzic in thirty days, in an open boat of six tons burthen, with only one boy. He had before made a voyage in a sloop from Barbadoes, with onlv one man. CORK REMEMBRANCER. 131 Letters patent passed lor erecting within the city and hbcrtics •'^•P* of Cork, " one guild or fraternity of brewers and malsters". Alderaian Robsrt Atkins was thereby appointed first master, and Mr. William Clarke, and Mr. Matthias Smyth, first wardens. April 10. — War was proclaimed in this city against France. 1"'^ Sept. — A very high tide overflowed the quays, and filled all 1745 the cellars in the town, and did considerable mischief. The body of True Blues first assembled in this city. The sum of £70,000 was borrowed by government, to be expended in providing arms for the use of the militia of this kingdom, and in erecting a battery or batteries, for the defence and security of Cork harbour. The militia of Cork at this time consisted of 3000 foot and 200 171G horse. Aug. — Eichard Dooly was fined £10, for saying in open court during the assizes, " that he did not expect justice whilst the mayor sat on the bench." An attempt was made by above 1600 French and Spanish l^"^? pi'isoners to possess themselves of Kinsale, and of all the arms and ammunition there ; the plot was however discovered. Methodists first came to Cork. 1718 The work-house was fmished, and opened for the reception of foundling children, beggars, Sic. The gaol of Kinsale took fire, and 54 prisoners, chiefly Spanish, perished. The steeple of Christ Church sunk so much at one side, that it was taken down as low as the roof of the church. In the summer of this year there fell, in and about the town of Doneraile, a shower of a yellowish substance which resembled brimstone, and had a sulphureous smell; it lay but thin on the gromid, and soon dissolved. His majesty's letters patent passed the great seal, granting to the corporation of the city of Cork two fairs, to be held annually in or near the Lough, in the south liberties, on the Tuesday and Wednesday next after the 25th of March and 15th of August. June 18. — About four o" Clock in the afternoon there happened a violent storm of thunder, lightning and hail. It continued 132 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A. D. above a quarter of an hour. Several of the hail stones which fell 1 74S measured five inches square, and others had five or six forks projecting from them, of an inch long each, by which several windows were broken, and other considerable damage done in and about Cork. 1749 A peace with France and Spain was proclaimed in Cork. Jime 7. — A fire broke out at Cunyglass in this county, which consumed all the houses on both sides of the street as far as the bridge. Dec. 11. — The Munster Journal of this date mentions that it was the custom to carry foot-pads from the dock to the gallows, when found guilty, and hung up iinmediately. There being a violent flood this year in the Bandon river, the bridge was thrown down, and considerable damage done to the town. Mr. Richard Meade, of Bantry, obtained a premium, given by the Rev. Doctor Madden, for having proved to the Dublin society, that he had within the j'ear caught and cured 380,800 fishes of different kinds. 1750 Jan. 21. — According to Smith's history of Cork, an aurora borealis appeared in the evening of this day, and continued about an hour, it extended from east to west over the heart of the city, tinged with so deep a scarlet, that at a distance the town seemed to be in flames, during which time, it moved in a compact body from north to south with a very slow motion. In the Mmister JouiTial this occurrence is stated to have happened about seven in the morning of the 22d. 28 & 29. — On this and the following night, there was so violent a flood that the whole town was nearly under water. It was four feet deep in the houses on Dunscombe's marsh, and three in the middle of the city. The damage done to the merchants was very considerable. Nov. 16. — The True Blues entertained their colonel, Henry Cavendish, at the council chamber. At night there were illumi- nations, bonfires, &c. Dec. 2. — During a dreadful storm at Newmarket, a fire broke out, which consimicd fourteen houses. CORK REMEMBRANCER. 133 The North Infirmary was established by act of parliament. A. D. . 1751 In consequence of the crimes committed by the Irish hay- makers in England, who, under the pretence of going over to work at harvest, frequently went into the French service, a bill was brought into the English parliament, to prevent any of these "vagabond spaulpccns" from landing in any part of Great Britain, without certificates of their good behaviour from the magistrates of such districts as they resided in, and their giving security to the government, that they would not enter the French or any other foreign service . An act was passed, whereby, after reciting "that the parish of St. Nicholas, in the south suburbs of the city of Cork, was so small, and the bounds thereof so intermeddled with other small contiguous parishes, or parts of the said south liberties, callegl and described by the name of parishes, (and in which no church was or could be built,) that no provision could be made for the support of a clergyman to officiate in the church, then built in said parish, nor even to repair said church, and in which on that account there had been no divine service for some time, and that said church was in danger of going to ruin; and also reciting that the inhabitants of the parishes, or parts of the south liberties called by these names, viz., St. Bridget's, St. John's of Jerusalem, St. Nicholas's, St. Stephen's, St. Maiy's, and St. Dominick's, had then no church to resort to for the public worship of God ; for remedy whereof it was enacted, that the bishop of Cork, with the approbation of the archbishop, and consent of the dean and chapter, and a majority of the inhabitants of the said parishes, might at a vestry in St. Nicholas's Church, unite said parishes to St. Nicholas's parish for ever; provided however, as the parish of St. Bridget's was then the corps of the chancellorship of the Cathedral, that the united parish of St. Nicholas's should ever thereafter be deemed and construed to be the corps of the chancellorship of same, and that the chancellor of the Cathedral should be deemed and become, to all intents and purposes what- soever, the rector and minister of said united and newly erected parish of St. Nicholas. Feb. — William Austin of Cork, attorney, was appointed by o 134 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A.D. 1?51 the lords of the admiralty, judge of the admh-alty court for the province of Muuster, Mar. 1. — There was a violent peal of thunder heard at Kin- sale, attended with lightning, which split the flag-stafi" at the fort. Several balls of fii"e were at the same time seen to run along the ramparts. ^iig. — Benjamin Bonworth, the city gaoler, was fined £40, and ordered to be imprisoned until it was paid, for not having done his duty in burning one Timothy Bourke on the hand with a hot iron, as he was directed; it being a cold one he made use of. 1752 This year consisted of but 355 days, the period from the 2d to the 13th of November (both inclusive) not being reckoned, but omitted in order to make our year commence at the same time as that of other nations. This was m hat was termed " new style." Mar. — Henry Boyle, Esq. speaker of the house of commons, arrived in this city. Sept. — St. Finbarry's bells were put up, as were also those of Shandon in the same year. 1753 April — One Matthew Callaghane, upon receiving sentence of death in the city court, for the robbery of captaiji Capel, leaped out of the dock with his bolts on, and made his escape out of court, but was re-taken the same day, and hanged at the corner of Broad lane, on the 25th of April. The criminal was taken in Court lane, and the informer who discovered on him was so illtreated by the mob, (having had one of his ears cut off), that his life was despaired of. Since this transaction, the dock in the city court was made higher. April 19 — One Francis Taylor was buried in St. Peter's Church-yard, and the next morning was found sitting up in the grave, one of his shoulders much mangled, one of his hands full of clay, and blood running from his eyes, a melancholy instance of the fatal consequences of a too precipitate interment. May 1 — There was the greatest and longest shower of hail ever remembered in this city. 1754 Apr'd 20 — William Sullivan was executed on the new stone CORK REMEfMBRANCER. 135 gallows, which at that time faced the pound and the lough road, A. D. :: 1754 for running away with Miss Margaret Mullane. May 4 — A party of soldiers under the command of lieutenant Appleton was sent in pursuit of Morty Oge 0"SulUvan, one of the murderers of John Puxley, Esq. on the 4th. About 12 o'clock at night, they arrived at Bearhaven, and in a short time after were discovered by the centinels belonging to SuUivan ; but the party being too far advanced tow^ards the house, the centinels had not time to warn the inmates of their approach, but made the best of their way to save themselves. The party immediately surrounded the house, but Sullivan and his party being alarmed by the barking of a dog which was in the house, took the alarm directly, Sullivan being in his shirt, came to the door and opened it with a blunderbuss in his hand; upon which he and his men fired several blunderbusses out of the house at the party, but finding them too strong, he thought of the stratagem of sending out men, one at a time, thinking that the party would have left the house to follow them, by which means he might escape, but he was prevented by the officer, who only fired at the men as they went off. At length Sullivan's wife Avith her child and nurse, came out and asked for quarter, which was granted ; the officer asked her who was in the house; she answered, no one but her husband and some of his men ; upon which he ordered the house to be set on fire, which they were a longtime in doing, the men's arms beirag rendered quite useless from the heavy rains; but this being at last accomplished, they were obliged to come out. Sullivan and his men behaved with great bravery, he himself snapped hisblunderbuss twice at the party, which missed fire ; the officer's party also fired at him twice with as little success, but the third time shot him and some others dead, some more were wounded, but they only brought away the body of Sullivan and two prisoners John Sullivan and Daniel Connel ; the king's boat at the same time w^ent round and sunk the sloop belonging to Sullivan. Had it not been for the wetness of the night, the party would have been discovered sooner, but Sullivan had not his usual centinels out, not expecting any thing to disturb him. The two prisoners were put into the south gaol mitil the assizes, when they 136 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A.D. were hansred on the wooden callows and their heads spiked on 1754 o » I the south gaol ; Sullivan's body was lodged in the barrack- yard until further orders; he was afterwards taken to the county court, his head spiked on the south gaol, and his remains interred on the battery in the new barrack. July 23. — About 400 journeymen, weavers and combers, walked in procession to the gallows with a fleece all ragged and decayed carried before them ; some poor artists in mourning ap- peared in the cavalcade, they hanged and afterwards burnt at the gallows, an effigy dressed up in chintz and foreign cotton. A.ug. 18. — Samuel Levy, a Jew, was baptized in Peter's church, by the bishop of Cork. 1755 March. — Extract of a letter from Peake, in the parish of Aghabullogue and county Cork, written by the Rev. Marmadukc Cox, in this month. " Last Thursday as some labourers were making a ditch to enclose a potatoe garden, one of them dropt his spade into a deep hole, which obliged him to open the earth to get out the spade, when he found a passage into fifteen (some say seventeen) very large subterraneous rooms or caverns, in one of which by estimation were above 500 skeletons, and in another five skeletons, all entire and laid at a distance of about a foot from each other, I examined one of the skulls, and found it more perfect and clean than any boiling or chirurgical art could prepare it, the teeth very regular and distinct, but upon being exposed to the air it opened and mouldered to pieces. The bones were of a pale reddish or brick colour, some others of them appeared as if they had been burned. The country people flocked in so fast, on hearing of this antique place, that they trod the bones into powder, they being quite destitute of oil or substance ; for they were indeed as the shadow of bones. Pulvis et umhra sumus. 'Tis imagined, there must be another passage to these subterraneous chambers from a Danish fort, about one hundred and fifty yards from the present entrance, this being very narrow. The rooms are about five feet high ; there are other chambers that arc not got into ; the entrance being defended by very large stones, laid in the doors which cannot easily be removed. Whether they were the habitation of the Aborigines Irish, or CORK REMEMBRANCER. 137 contrived by the Danes, about the year 800 or 900, the curious A. D. may judge. There was a beautiful carved wood comb and comb case found in one of the rooms ; but the air mouldered them into dust. 'Tis supposed, if an entrance can be made into these chambers defended by these stones, that some curiosities will be found that will give further light into this affair; for one part of these caverns was their dwelling, and the other part the repository of their dead. Jime 22. — The Marquis of Harrington, lord lieutenant of Ireland, landed in Cork. Oct. 23. — ^The first market jury was sworn in Cork, by John Eeilly, mayor. JVov. 1. — A violent shock of an earthquake was felt in Cork, at thirty-six minutes past nine o'clock in the morning, but did no injury. May. 29. — War was declared in this city against France. 175& July 8. — This day, the greater part of the crew of the city of 1758 Cork privateer, then at Cove, confined their officers to the cabin, and having embarked in a lighter which had brought provisions for their use, they endeavoured to get ashore, but some on board who were well affected to the owners, made a signal of distress to a man of war, that lay near them, the crew of which manned the long boat and pursued the mutineers; a few shots were fired on both sides, which being perceived by those on board the man of war, they loaded two of their great guns with small shot and fired at the lighter, killed two men, and womided some others, after which they succeeded in taking the remainder prisoners. Sept. 2. — Captain Cole's vessel foundered under the Giant's stairs. The well known Admiral Saunders landed at Cork, and went 1759 to the theatre, where he was received with the highest demon- strations of popular applause. March 16. — The city sheriffs, with the sub- corporations, consisting of the master and wardens of the respective trades, assembled at the lough of Cork, elegantly mounted on horseback, where they formed according to seniority, and rode several miles out of town to meet John Swete the mayor, who was then on his 138 ' CORK REMEMBRANCER. A.D. return from Dublin, where he had been some time, in consequence ol an order from the snpeilor court relative to quarterage. July 5. — General Folliot's regiment, (commonly called the Royal Irish) encamped at Balliphehane, and did not break up until the 17th October following. The city militia did duty in their absence. Aug. IG. — Illuminations for Prince Ferdinand's victory at Minden. Sept. 15. — The same for admiral Boscawen's defeating the French fleet under the command of M. de la Clue ; and also for defeating the French at Niasjara. 25 §' 26. — ^The mayor, sheriffs, masters and wardens of the several trades, perambulated the city franchises, Oct. 26. — Illuminations for the taking of Quebec. Dec. 9 — The same for admiral Hawkes' defeating M. Conflans the French admiral. 1760 July 21 — The new Theatre in George's street was opened. JsTov. 4 — George III was proclaimed king in Cork. The Royal Scotch, Handsyde's, and Bagshaw's regiments lined the streets, whilst the mayor, corporation, and city regalia attended by lieutenant governor Molesworth, paraded the town. 25. — Illuminations for the king of Prussia defeating Marshal Daun near Torgau. Dec. 25. — One of the galleries of the South Chapel fell down, by which three persons had their legs broken. 1761 An act was passed this year, which, after reciting, that there were then only two public avenues to Cork, and that same were narrow and inconvenient, provides for the building of a stone bridge, not exceeding in hreadth twenty-six feet, from the quay opposite Prince's-street to the northern or opposite part of Lavit's island, and another from the southern part of said island to the Red Abbey marsh, of the same breadth, with a draw bridge in its centre; this act also provides for supplying said city with water. £4000 was granted to the mayor, sheriffs, &.c. towards clearing and improving the channel of the river Lee, from the Custom-house to Blackrock. CORK REMEMBRANCER. 139 March 31. — A shock of an earthquake was felt at Cork and A.D, itinsale, especially between the gates of the former town, it con- tinued about a minute, undulating from east to west, and vice versa, and in six hours after, near low water, the tide rose suddenly at Kinsale about two feet higher than it was, and ebbed away in the space of four minutes with great force, which was repeated several times, but the first time it rose highest. June 18 & 19. — There was constant thunder and lightning, attended with very heavy rain. On the 18th, a bull and two cows in the south liberties were struck dead by the lightning, which on the 19th appeared more violent, and without inteiiBis- sion from one till six in the evening, but did not do much mischief. At Donnybrook, the seat of the Rev. Boyle Davies, a large beam, which supported a floor over the cellar, was split so wide, that a twenty-four pound ball might have been put into the chasm. There was not the least thunder or rain at Bandon or Kinsale. 22. — Illuminations for taking Bellisle. July 7. — King George the II's statue was erected on Tuckey's bridge. Sept. 15. — Illuminations for queen Charlotte's arrival in England ; several sky rockets were thrown from the balcony of the Exchange, by captain Cowley. 22. — Illuminations for the king and queen's coronation, Sea- bright's and Owen's regiments fired on the malL Oct. 4. — The wooden bridge adjoining the north weir fell down, by which a woman and a boy were unfortunately drowned. Jan. 19. — War was declared in Cork against Spain. 17G2 June 6. — There was a dreadful, fire in Cat-lane, which con- sumed 150 houses. 20. — Prayers for rain were offered up in all the churches. This was a remarkably dry summer, there not being a drop of rain for thirteen weeks previous to this day. Andrew Franklin, the mayor of this city, obliged a sergeant and twelve men to mount guard regularly every day at his house in Cove-lane, during the last three months he remained in office; he was opposed by Colonel Molesworth, lieutenant-governor of 140 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A. p. tliis city ; but the mayor, who was an upright worthy spirited magistrate, soon humbled the miUtary jurisdiction, shewed his prerogative as chief magistrate of the second city in the kingdom, and left an example to his successors, not unworthy of imitation. 17G3 An act was passed for continuing and amending certain statutes for the better regulation of this city, licensing hackney coaches, regulating the sale of coals, erecting lamps, establishing a court of conscience, ascertaining the price of bread, securing the quays with walls or iron rails, &c. April 4. — Peace was proclaimed in Cork between England, France, Spain, and Portugal, The night concluded with ringing of bells, bonfires, illuminations, &;c. May 9. — The workmen began to clear the channel of the river in order to build the new wall. June 23. — One side of the North Main-street was begun to be flagged. July 31. — Prayers for fair weather were offered up in all the churches in Cork; it being the wettest summer ever remembered. 1764 Feb. 20. — A crowd of people began to dig for money near the new barrack. April 15 — A great number of fellows were at this time in the habit of assembling in Hammond's fields near Blarney, every Sunday evening, many of them armed with swords, &.c. in open contempt of inagistracy, where they divided themselves into two parties in order of battle, and generally maintained a running fight for several hours, in which some of both parties seldom failed of getting broken heads ; from thence some of their leaders after their evening's diversion, used to remove the scene of action to the city, and continue rioting the remainder of the night. Before the beginning of the previous war, when knocking down, street robberies and sometimes murders were so frequent here, that the inhabitants were afraid to stir outside their doors after night-fall, it was in those same fields that the ruffians assembled. 29 — The fellows who assembled this evening according to the sabbath-day custom in Hammond's fields, takhig advantage of the army being from town, diverted themselves by throwing the CORK REMEMBRANCER. 141 centinels' boxes about tlie streets and insultina; every defenceless A. D. 17('4 person they met. The magazine was broken open the same night. May 1. — Two parties of fellows consisting chiefly of those that had been rioting on the 29th, had a battle about the i\Iay- bush, in which several of them were very much hurt, and one died of his wounds. May 10. — A sloop arrived in this city from Middleton, with several statues, to be erected at Blarney Castle, four of which were of exquisite workmanship. They had been formerly the property of the duke of Ormond, and had been brought to Kilkenny by colonel Broderick. 14 — Nineteen master barbers were convicted at the quarter sessions, of exercising the functions of their trade on the Lord's day, and ordered to pay a crown fine for each offence. One of them was found guilty of shaving three persons at a half-penny each, for which he was fined three crowns. They were however excused from paying the fines, upon promising not to offend again in a similar manner. 24 — The earls of Shclburne and Dunmore were presented with the freedom of this city in silver boxes. June 1 . — A dreadfid fire broke out in Mallow, by which a great number of houses were consumed. 4. — Being the anniversary of the birth of our most gracious sovereign, who then entered on the 27th year of his age, the morning was ushered in by ringing of bells, and in the evening the Exchange and Noble's coffee-house were illuminated. 15. — About six o'clock this morning, a corporal, eight private men, and a constable of the north quarter, who were escorting two prisoners into the city from Blackpool, where they had been apprehended, were desperately attacked by a number of fellows while passing through Mallow-lane, who pelted them with stones, and attempted to rescue the prisoners. The soldiers after several ineffectual efforts to make them desist, were compelled at length for their own preservation to fire at them, by which two men were killed. This put an end to the affair, the rest having dispersed, and the soldiers conducted their prisoners safe to the main-guard, from which they were conveyed to the city gaol. 142 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A. D. Sept. 22. — The wooden centre at the Red-abbey bridge being finished, it was opened for passengers, and the same day being the anniversary of their majesties' coronation, tlie troops on duty here marched thither, and fired three voUies in honour of the day. This bridge opened a short passage from the South Mall to Cove- lane. 29. — The anniversary of the surrender of this city to king William the third was ushered in with ringing of bells ; in the afternoon the mayor and corporation went in procession to Christ church, and the evening was concluded, with bonfires and illumi- nations. 17G5 An act was passed this year for re-building the bridge over the Black-water at Cappoquin, towards defraying the expenses of which, the lord lieutenant and council were empowered to raise any sum not exceeding £600, out of the counties of Waterford, Cork, Kerry and Tipperary, and the counties of the cities of Waterford and Cork. £4000 was granted to the members of the county, city, and of the several boroughs in the comity of Cork, or any five of them, to be applied towards re-building and repairing the bridges, which were destroyed or damaged by the late extraordinary floods in the county. An act was passed, whereby, after reciting the act passed in 1761, for building bridges from Prince"s-strcet to Lavit's island, and from said island to the Red Abbey marsh, and also reciting that it had been found that it would be more useful to the inhabitants of Cork, that a draw bridge or portcullis should be made in the place, where the former was appointed to be built, the mayor, sheriffs and commonalty of Cork were empowered to take down said bridge, and build in the place of it a turn or draw bridge or' portcullis bridge, and also to build a stone bridge of three arches, in the place where the portcullis bridge had been appointed to be built by said act of 1761, namely from Lavit's island to the Red Abbey marsh. £50 annually was granted to each of the infirmaries in this city. March — JMary Burke, commonly called Sterling Molly, and CORK REMEMBRANCER. 143 Tobias Burke, her son, were sentenced to be executed for the A.D. , • 1 1765 murder of John Geary, by setting a mastiff at hmi, who tore several parts of his flesh in pieces : the sentence was afterwards changed to transportation for life. August. — This month the lough of Cork was partly drained, 18. — There was a desperate battle this evening between the rioters of the north suburbs, 31, — The Red Head Galley, commanded by captain Richard Ncale, arrived with sixty French families on board. The celebrated Doctor Tuscano, who is mentioned in Mr, Fitz-Adam's World, vol, 3, No, 115, exhibited himself on a stage in the middle of the street, opposite the Exchange of this city, where he dealt out his nosti-ums to such as stood in need of his assistance. Sept. 2. — The corporation voted the sum of fifty pounds to each of the sheriffs, for the piu'chase of a piece of plate, to be engraved with the arms of the city, and to be inscribed " The gift of the mayor, sheriffs, and commonalty, to each of them the said sheriffs, for his good services done to the city during his sheriffship." 19. — The post office was removed from Bruce's street on Dunscombc's marsh, to Watergate lane (or Hanover street) near Christ church, in the house of Mr. Loane, the post master. Oct. 18. — A mob consisting of several hvmdreds of butchers, weavers, &;c. armed with hatchets, cleavers, long knives, and sticks, went through the city and visited several of the merchant's cellars, in search of meat and other provisions, which it had been reported were cellared up for exportation ; they found little besides some empty hampers of which they made a bonfire on Mall isle, supposing they were designed for transporting provisions in. They were put down by the military, headed by the city sheriffs, who apprehended seven of the most forward of them, and committed them to the city gaol, but soon afterwards liberated them. Three pair of palisade gates and stone piers for the church-yard of St. Finn Barry's were advertized for. Oct. 20. — Several linen and cotton gowns were burnt on the backs of the wearers, by being sprinkled with aqua-fortis, with 144 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A_. p. the mischievous intention of preventing the increase of the hnen manufacture. Oct. 23 — In consequence of the scarcity of provisions, the mayor gave notice that if any should be shipped in this city or harbour for exportation, he would cause the same to be unladen, and sold in the public market. There was a great scarcity of half-pence at this time. 1766 The freedom of the city was presented in Dublin in a gold box to the earl of Hertford, lord lieutenant of Ireland, with an address from the mayor, sheriffs and common council. Feb. Q — A man employed by archdeacon Browne at upper Glanmire to watch tithe potatoes, was abused in a most inhuman manner, the following night his house was set on fire. The rivers, loughs and canals being frozen, there was much skaiting. 8. — The frost began to thaw. 24. — A company of the 26th regiment marched to Cloyne, where it was reported the white boys had committed some outrages, a company of the royal Scotch were also ordered from Kinsale. A gentleman walked for a wager from Cork to Youghal and back in sixteen hours and a half. May 1. — This day passed off without any disturbance around the May bush ; a rare circumstance and much to the credit of the people for refraining from such scandalous practices. 5. — The corporation voted an address of thanks to the lord lieutenant, for a quantity of wheat imported from England, and sold at a low rate to the poor, (at the loss of government) in con- sequence of a representation of the distresses of the poor of this city, made by John Hely Hutchinson, M.P. for Cork; thanks were at the same time voted to Mr. Hutchinson. 18. — Some boys paddling in a pool near Parliament bridge, discovered the body of a new born infant. June 4. — Bemg the king's birth day, the morning was ushered in by ringing of bells ; at noon the 63d regiment fired three volleys on the mall. In the evening the Exchange and steeple of St. Anne's Shandon were illuminated, and the night concluded with bonfires, and other demonstrations of joy. CORK REMEMBRANCER. 145 A number of silver coins were found on the lands of Bally- A. p. martle near Kinsale, with inscriptions resembling eastern characters. June 11. — Afire destroyed 14 thatched cabins in Eathcormac. 13. — Lieutenant-general Boscawen reviewed in a field near the Lough, the 26th, 44th, and 63d regiments of foot. 16. — Bartholemew Leary was convicted of cutting down, and stealing grass out of a field, for which he was sentenced to be whipt from north gate to Lavit's buildings, and afterwards from south gate to the gallows, and round same, wdth a bundle of grass hanging under his neck. 23. — The corporation granted fifty pounds, towards furthering the improvement of the Red house walk. The ferry boat, plying on the river Blackwater, near Castle Hyde, was overset with seven persons on board, five of whom were drowned. The others saved themselves by holding a cable which extended across the river. 30. — £100 in addition to his salary was voted by the Court of D'oyer hundred to the mayor, for his eminent services. July 23. — x\ subscription was raised for improving the Red house walk. Sept. 10. — A tailor of the name of Patrick Redmond, was executed at Gallows Green, for robbing the dwelling house of John Griffin. Glover the player who was then in Cork, took an active part in this man's restoration, after he had hung nine minutes and was cut down, he was perfectly restored to life by the dint of friction and fumigation; he afterwards made his escape, got drunk, went to the play house door the night of his execution to return Mr. Glover thanks, and put the whole audience in terror and consternation. He was the third tailor that made his escape from the gallows since the year 1755. 15. — A fire broke out in a thatched cabin in the south liberties between Bandon road and Saint Finn Barrys, there being at the tinie a strong S. W. wind, the flames were communicated to several others, by which seventy-three were consumed to ashes, and 300 people reduced to the utmost want. 25. — The mayor, sheriffs, Sec. attended by the city regalia, 146 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A.D. and a band of music went down to the harbours mouth, to assert the ancient rights of this city by throwing a dart, pursuant to a charter granted in the reign of king John. 29. — Being the anniversary of the surrender of this city to king William III, the morning was ushered in by the ringing of bells; in the forenoon the mayor and corporation walked in procession to St. Mary's Shandon Church; and in the evening there were bonfires and illuminations. Oct. 1 — The mayor, sheriffs and common council unanimously voted the freedom of this city to colonel Charles Hotham of the 63d regiment of foot, and to Edmund Burke, Esq. both English members of parliament, also to Thomas Carew, Esq. one of the members for the borough of Dungarvan, and to John Butler, Esq. of the castle of Dublin. JVoy. 5. — Being the anniversary of the deliverance from the gunpowder plot, the day was kept by ringing of bells, illumina- tions, and bonfires. 18. — It blew a most violent storm at S. W. with thunder and heavy rain, by which several houses were unroofed, and numbers of chimneys blown down. 28. — His royal highness the prince de Monsereda, while on his travels through Europe, on board the Delight, was by contrary winds forced to put into Castle-Townsend in this county, where he was treated with every mark of respect and distinction suitable to his dignity, and received all the entertainment the place could aflTord. This day the mayor, sheriffs, and common council, made an order in council, that a premium of two shillings the quarter, be paid on the first 3000 quarters of wheat that should be imported into this city from foreign parts, from the 1st of February to the 1st of May next, Dec. — A dangerous foot-pad at this time infested the roads between Kinsale and Bandon. J7g7 The sum of £2000 was granted towards the improvement of the river from the custom-house quay to Blackrock. The sum of £640 was also granted to Samuel Beale, Robert Stevelly, John Litchfield, Mary Simmons, and Thomas Beeby, to corapen- CORK REMEMBRANCER. 147 sate for the loss of sjoods which had been manufactured in Dublin, A. D. and had been destroyed when on their way to Cork by a riotous mob ; and the sum of £1500 was granted to the mayor, sheriffs, and common council, to be laid out in clearing and widening a passage called Browne's hill in this city, and in purchasing certain houses adjoining thereto for said purpose, and in lowering the hill. Jan. 2. — There was a severe frost, and much skaiting on the lough. The city was infested with robbers at this time. 8. — A poor labouring man died near the ovens at the age of 127 years, he walked a short time before he died four miles without the help of a stick or crutch, could see without spectacles, retained his senses and appetite to the last, and was followed to the grave by his descendants to the seventh generation. 12. — The frost continued and with such severity, that the poor tradesmen and manufacturers were entirely idle, not being able to follow their occupations. For want of something better to do, many resorted to the lough to amuse themselves by skaiting. 13. — The frost began to thaw. For tlie time it continued it was supposed to have been as severe as that in 1739, but no material damage was caused to the country. 14. — A poor lame woman fell down near Damat's bridge where the passage was very slippery, by which she was so much hurt that she expired. Several other persons were also hurt by falling in the streets. 17. — The frost set in again with great severity. The roads were almost impassable. The snow was seven or eight feet deep. Feb. 3. — A watch was established in three parts of this city, one in Castle street, one out of south, and one out of north gate, for the purpose of preventing robberies which of late had become frequent. 6. — This evening a fire was discovered in Christ church, occasioned by some hot embers falling on the floor of the vestry- room, which burned through and communicated itself to an apartment under it, it was however easily extinguished without much damage. 148 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A. p. Feb. 19. — Two houses in Cove which were built on a rising ground next the sea were entirely destroyed, the bank on which they were built being undermined by the rapidity of the current. In one of the houses, a girl, who was asleep in a settle bed, was buried eight or ten feet deep in the sand and rubbish, where she remained till the next day, when she was released from her gloomy prison without having received the least injury. A house near Fermoy was blown down the same night, by which two women were killed. 23. — There were great floods in the rivers which did consider- able damage in various places ; a horse which had been brought down from Carrigrohane by the current, was found dead at the weir back of Reily's marsh. March 2. — Thirty journeymen tailors went in a body to Cove in order to embark for England, on account of the badness of trade and dearncss of provisions. 7. — The great cock match between Richard Longfield of Castle Mary, in the coimty of Cork, and Burton, of Burton-hall, in the county of Carlow, ended, and was won by the latter. 14. — A large collection was made in Saint Peter's parish for improving the Red-house walk. 19. — The nightly watch which had been kept for some time in this city was discontinued. April 1 8, — Jeremiah Twomey was executed at Gallows Green for robbing the dwelling-house of Johanna Norton, at Crosses Green. Her husband was so ill-treated the night of the robbery that he died in some time after. Twomey was convicted of the robbery alone. The general opinion was that he died innocent, in consequence of which the mob brought him from the gallows, in his coffin to the prosecutor's door, where they bled him, took the rope off his neck, threw it into the window, besmeared the door and window shuts with his blood, whilst showers of stones were pelted at the windows from every quarter; during this time Mrs. Norton resolutely defended her house, threw the rope into the south river, and fired several shots at the mob, no person was however hurt ; a party of soldiers soon came to her assistance, some of whom were left as a guard all night at the house. On CORK REMEMBRANCER. 149 the following day, as the executioner was passing through the ^_-P- Main-street, he was attacked by the popvdace, who followed him a mile out of town, pelting him with sticks and stones by which he was desperately wounded ; he was brought on a car by the sheriffs to the South Infirmary. What more particularly exasper- ated the mob against him, was his having stripped Twomey's shoes off while the body was hanging, claiming them as a perquisite of his reputable profession. May 3. — A complaint was made in one of the Cork Newspa- pers, of fifty French vessels fishing for mackerel on the coast near Bantry-bay without interruption from the revenue-cruizers. Subscribers were served at their houses with the Cork Chronicle newspaper, (which was published twice a week) at 5s. 5d. per annum, or by the single paper at one half-penny each, in addi- tion to which, a Mercury was given every Saturday when the English mails arrived. 11. — The applotment of the lamp tax was concluded. 13. — A schooner was upset in the river opposite merchant's quay. Jlug. — The new mayoralty-house was finished; it was projected by Davies Dukart, and executed by Charles Sweeny, carpenter, and Edmond Flaherty, mason. James Chatterton, Esq. was the first mayor who inhabited this Mansion-house. The foundation stone was laid on the 17th day of June, 1764. Sept. 19. — Phelix M'Carthy, baker, was fined £50 and im- prisoned for three months, for offering a bribe to Samuel Maylor, the mayor of Cork; he was convicted before Prime Sergeant Hely Hutchinson, in the city court. Oct. 8. — There was a prodigious flood and spring tide. A boat plied for some time in the North Main-street. Nov. 8. — Several men being assembled in the kitchen of a public-house neai* Christ church to drink j ill, three officers named Gordon, Thompson, and Travers, heated with liquor, entered with swords drawn. The people, terrified, hid themselves under the tables and in various parts of the house ; one man however, a tailor, named Patrick Connor, was found, and stabbed in the breast. The mayor and sheriffs eudeavom'ed to discover the aggressors, but in vain. p 150 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A. D. Nov 9. — The weia;ht of the six-penny loaf in Cork was 6rb 12oz. 4Jis. 14. — A gentleman walked eiglit plantation miles for a wager OH the new part of the Red-house walk, in an hour and fifty- eight minutes. 30. — The prohibition of the exportation of potatoes was taken off by order of the lord lieutenant. Dec. 23. — A statue of the Earl of Chatliain was put up in the Mansion-house. It was executed by Mr. Wilton, and cost £500, 31.— Lorenzo Nixon, comptroller of the Barrack board, was presented with his freedom in a silver box by the corporation. 1.7G8 Jan. 11. — There had been for some days the greatest fall of snow which had been known for forty years. In some places it was six feet high. The horse of a gentleman, who was riding from Bandon, sunk in it so deep, that three or four men were employed to dig him out with spades and shovels. Feb. 8. — The royal family was first prayed for in the Roman Catholic chapels in Cork. March 3. — The committee appointed by the house of commons for the better regulation of trades, &c., was empowered to receive a clause to prevent fraud in the manufacture of wares and mer- chandizes, and to regulate quarterage in this and every other city and town corporate in the kingdom. 24. — A dinner was given by the county representatives to 200 gentlemen freeholders. In the evening there was a large bonfire, and several barrels of beer were distributed amongst the populace. 28. — A presentment was put in for removing all the projecting signs and sign-posts, which had been erected in the several streets and lanes of the city to the annoyance of the inhabitants. April 11. — The several corporations in this city resolved to collect quarterage and regulate trade, as was formerly done conformable to law, though of late neglected here; for which purpose, some of them elected masters and wardens for the ensuing year. As there were no lamps in the city at this time, it was proposed to fix a light at the old draw-bridge to prevent accidents. CORK REMEMBRANCER. 151 ^ipr'il 12 — This day, Richard Tonson was ushered into the town A.. D. of Youghal, by a great number of the free and independent voters, with colours flying, guns firing, music, and every other demon- stration of joy, for his timely assistance in the support of free- dom and independence in their corporation. On the following day, at a dinner which was given, the toasts were expressive of exultation at their deliverance from the domineering influence of some private proprietor. Some rappary villians destroyed all the numbered mile-stones from Doneraile to Farrihy. 23. — The fishermen of Kinsale, with many others, assembled and broke open a cellar in this town, which contained 250 bags of wheat for transportation, and by the vigilant conduct of the magistrates, it was carried to the public granary, to be disposed of for the public. At a late hour this night, two officex-s of the 53d regiment, on being repeatedly refused admission into the house on which they were billeted in Mallow-lane, attempted to make good their quarters, and broke some of the windows : while thus engaged, a number of fellows, unconcerned in the affair, assaulted them most violently, and desperately wounded one of them by a stroke with some sharp edged instrument, by which his skull was severely cut, buj; not fractured. The other officer, having been several times knocked down, escaped without a wound. While the wounded man was lying on the ground, he perceived a person coming towards him, of whom he requested assistance; but the fellow^ after viewing him attentively, gave him three or four kicks and went off. 28. — For some weeks past a great number of idle vagabonds had annoyed the city by assembling in different parts of the suburbs on the sabbath day, for the purpose of cutting and hacking, not only one another, but any of the inhabitants who might fall in their way. Several pitched battles were appointed to be fought by these gentry about the May-pole. Maij 12. — A house was taken in Paul street for a bank which was then about to be established by independent gentlemen of this county, whose united fortunes amounted to £500,000. This was Tonson's bank. 152 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A. D. May 19 — The friends of St. John Jeffreys esq. met at the town of Blarney, to testify their satisfaction at his being appointed governor of the city of Cork, an honour long enjoyed by his an- cestors, and which they filletl "with great dignity and applause." 23. — Rioting had arrived to such a height in the city, that it was supposed that if proper steps were not speedily taken, it would be unsafe for the inhabitants to walk in the streets, as the lawless vagabonds who engaged in such riots were most abandoned wretches, who scnipled not to commit any villainy. A number of these gentry assembled in a most riotous manner in Shandon church yard this evening, but were dispersed upon one of them being shot dead, whether by one of the rioters or by one of the annoyed inhabitants, it was uncertain. There were likewise rioting and unlawful assemblies in other parts of the city, on this and the following day, in which several of the rioters were wounded, and innocent people insulted and abused. Jitne 27. — The new road from this city to Blarney, part of the Kanturk Turnpike, was opened and made passable for carriages : in three miles this road was nearly three quarters of a mile shorter than the former one. July 1. — Being the anniversary of the battle of the Boyne, "about a dozen fellows (to use the language of a Cork Newspaper) paraded the city with M'hite lilies in their hats, to exhibit their dislike of the above memorable event, but were soon dispersed by some gentlemen who gave them a good caning. An ignorant little fribble who exhibited himself in Paul-street and Brown - street, with his bosom thus decorated, narrowly escaped a severe discipline, from which nothing but his insignificancy could have protected him." 4. — The freedom of the city was presented in a silver box to Captain Luciiis O'Brien, of his majesty's ship Solbay. 13. — A number of tradesmen of this city, the number of letters in whose christian names amoimted to forty-five, met at a public- house two miles and one hundred and forty-five yards from thence, where they spent forty-five pence each, and each drank exactly forty-five glasses of punch, which produced forty- five toasts and sentiments, including the glorious memory and a praj-er against despotic rulers. CORK UEMEMBRANCER. 153 Juhi 11. — A nvimbor of seamen, belonging to the merchant A.D. ships iu the harbour, having turned out lor an advance ot wages, paraded round the streets and quays with music playing, and a flag flying before them. 22.— This day the town clerk waited on the honorable Richard Barry, the honorable Arthur Barry, and the honorable John Smith Barr}'^, and presented eachof them with the freedom of this city in an elegant chased silver box. 24. — Prayers for fair weather were oftered up in all the churches. August 1. — Tonson's bank was opened, 15" — The corporation presented the right honorable colonel Isaac Barre, one of the vice treasurers of Ireland, with his freedom of the city of Cork in a silver box. Sept. 8. — Hennessy's salt house on Cold harbour was acci- dentally blown up with powder: his son and maid servant imfortunately lost their lives. Feb. 1 1 . — There was a dreadful fire on the Coal quay adjoining 17C9 the Custom house. March 5. — Sunday, there was a desperate battle at Parkmore, between the rabble of Fair lane and Blackpool. .April 9. — There was a remarkably high tide with the wind south east ; the water rose so high, as to overflow several houses in different parts of the city. June 3. — George, lord viscount Townsend, lord lieutenant of Ireland, arrived in this city, and dined with the coqjoration at the mayoralty house on the 4th. Sept. 1. — A meeting of the Atlantic society, took place at the castle of Hahine in the harbour of Castlehaven. 5 — The recorder, on the part of the corporation, having read an address to the lord lieutenant upon his arrival in Cork, expressive of their confidence in his administration, his excellency was pleased to answer, that the general welfare of Ireland, and the duty he owed his majesty, of course directed his utmost attention to this important and interesting scat of commerce. 10. — Being Sunday, the lord lieutenant went to Christ church: ho sat in the bishop's throne, and the bishop sat at the conuiiuniou table. 154 CORK REMEMBRANCER, AD. ig^jj 17 — pjig excellency went down the river, took a view of the harbour, and afterwards dined with the lord bishop of Cork and Ross. His excellency gave a benefaction of £50 to each of the infirmaries of this city. Oct. 23. — A linen weaver of the name of Stafford, was shot dead by one of the soldiers who was conducting him to gaol; he was charged with felony under a committal from the chief magistrate, when he fled from justice and leaped across the Mar- dyke river. The army pursued him, but there being no possibility of overtaking him, he was shot at the opposite side of the river, Oct. 23. — The anniversary of the Irish rebelhon was observed in the usual manner. 25. — The anniversaiy of the accession of our gracious sovereign to the throne was observed with every demonstration of joy. jVov. 1 — There was a concert and a ball at the assembly rooms, the profits of which were disposed of towards planting the Red- house walk. 4 k 5. — The anniversaries of the birth of king William the III, and the deliverance from the gunpowder plot were observed with the usual demonstration of joy. 13. — Hugh Milerd, one of the aldermen of this city, waited on the right honorable Sir George Macai'tney, at his apartment in the castle of Dublin, with the freedom of this city in a silver box, and an address from the mayor, sheriffs, and common council of Cork. Dec. 31. — Rioting had become so common in this city, that it was not safe for any person to stand at his door without some weapon of defence, a most glaring instance of which appeared this evening : four peaceable persons near the Exchange (two of whom were women,) were insulted, cut, and beaten by one Mat Reily, a journeyman saddler, a most notorious offender who came up to them severally, armed with a knife, hammer, and stick, and used them as above, for no other reason than bidding him go about his business. Informations were immediately lodged against him, and a parish constable took him prisoner; he afterwards rescued himself, and nearly murdered the constable, but he was subsefpicutly retaken. CORK REMEMBRANCER. 155 Jan. 18. — 13eiiig the queen's birth day, the regiments in gar- ■^jj^- rison fired three volleys on the Mall; and the evening concluded with bonfires, and illuminations, and every other demonstration of joy. 22. — ^The lord lieutenant ordered by proclamation, that no horned cattle, or hides of homed cattle, either raw or salted, be landed in any port in this kingdom, and that all hay and straw imported in packages or otherwise, be burnt or destroyed, until further orders to the contrary. 26. — A young gentleman ran round the Lough of this city for a considerable wager, six times, in 30 minutes and a half, which is computed as upwards of four English miles. Feb. 4. — This day, to the disgrace of Christianity and breach of the Lord's day, auumber of grown fellows assembled in different parts of this city, to partake of that cruel amusement of throwing at cocks, which it was expected would continue till Shrove-tide. 13. — A notorious highway robber, known by the name of Thunder, who had been the terror of this county for a considerable time past, was shot in endeavouring to escape, having been taken at a place within two miles of Mallow, where he was surrounded by a number of gentlemen ; his body was brought to this city for a public example. 17. — A great storm arose this evening, the wind at north west, which continued the whole night and the following day, by which several chimneys and signs were blown down, houses unroofed and greater damage done than had been known for many years. March 5. — The lord lieutenant oi-dered the removal of the powder magazine from Skiddy's castle. April 16. — The anniversary of the battle of CuUoden was observed here by the ringing of bells, bonfires, illuminations and every demonstration of joy. 23. — Two persons of the name of Poole and Hendley, who belonged to the 55th regiment, then quartered in Castle Island, applied to the Rev. Thomas Shughuerue the parish priest, to marry one of them to a girl in that town, which he peremptorily refused. Being provoked with a denial to so unreasonable a demand, the intended bridegroom stabbed him in so unmerciful a manner as to leave no hopes of his recovery. 156 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A.D. Lord Kingston directed by his will, that an alms-house should be built at Mitchelstown for twelve poor decayed gentlemen and twelve poor decayed gentlewomen, with apartments for a chaplain, and bequeathed a sum not exceeding £5000 to be laid out thereon, and in finishing the chapel, begun at the same place by his lordship. May 7. — Colonel James Gisborne w^as appointed governor of his majesty's town of Kinsale and Charles-fort, in the room of the earl of Drogheda, June 4. — The sovereign and corporation of Kinsale, according to their annual custom, rode through the franchises. The same day being the anniversary of his majesty's birth, the army fired three volleys. The town was brilliantly illuminated, and in several parts of it there were bonfires and other demonstrations of joy. G. — Five carmen, on their way to Limerick, were stopped on the road near Whitechurch by fifty men or thereabouts, and one of the carts, being laden with English drapery, was immediately unpacked: a piece of rug was cut in small pieces, and the rest of the goods to a considerable amount, carried off. 7. — For two months past there were upwards of 300 sail of French fishing vessels, some of them of two hundred tons, on the western coasts of this kingdom, where they met with great success in the mackerel fishery, which it was thought was the cause of the great scarcity of fish which was then experienced, by the poor in particular. 11. — Some inhuman savages forcibly took a bull in the north suburbs, and after having driven him through the city with dogs, had him baited in the south suburbs for some hours, when the tormented creature ran from "their carnage" back into the city, which obliged the inhabitants to shut up their shops, and put an end to all business : the bull being unable to proceed farther than Broad lane, was there and near the Exchange baited by dogs, and their brother brutes armed with sticks, for near five hours ; and after having frightened four pregnant women into fits, tossed a horse nearly as high as a sign-post, threw a decrepid beggar and a standing of stockings into the kennel, gave up the remains of his CORK PvEMEMBRANCEK. 157 tortured life in a narrow lane, much to the disappointment of his A. p. savage persecutors and to the loss of Jiis owner. There was a similar practice of baiting bulls through the town of Dublin : In a newspaper of Nov. 20, 1 749, we findthe following paragraph, "Several persons were committed to Newgate for taking bulls from poor countrymen and driving them mad about the streets of Dublin, to the great detriment of their owners, and the hazard of the lives of the inhabitants of that city.'' 20. — There was a fire at Hammond's fields, by which six cabins were consumed. July 1. — The anniversary of the battle of the Boyne was observed with the usual demonstrations of joy. 26. — The sum of twenty guineas was given to the printers of the Hibernian chronicle, to be lent free of interest to poor trades- men, at a guinea each, to be repaid at six pence halfpenny per week. Aug, 12. — The birth day of the prince of Wales was observed here with eveiy demonstration of joy. 14. — Some goods, which were bringing to woollen drapers in this city from Dublin, were met in the suburbs by a mob who cut and destroyed two pieces. About 12 o'clock this night began one of the heaviest showers of rain ever remembered, which continued for three hours with such violence that a boat could float in some of the streets, there was likewise a great fall of rain on the 15th. It is remarkable that at the time of the shower on the preceding night, there was not a drop of rain within two miles of this city on the north side. Sep. 20.— There were at this time lurking in many parts of this city a set of nocturnal villians, who were every night employed in bi-eaking open stables. 22. T— The anniversary of his majesty's coronation, was ushered in with ringing of bells. At noon the regiments in garrison fired three volleys on the Mall. Oct. 3. — There was a very hot press at Cove, when several able seainen belonging to the merchantmen there and at Passage were impressed. 158 CORK REMEMBRANCER. ^P' A stack of chimneys of enormous size fell through the printing office of the Hibernian Chronicle newspaper office, broke three floors, and very much injured the printing materials, 25. — The anniversary of his majesty's accession to the throne, was observed here by the ringing of bells, 8cc. Mov. 4. — Being the anniversary of the birth of king William, and the following day that of the gunpowder plot, both were observed with the usual demonstrations of joy. 5, — A Newfoundland vessel laden with fish, bound for Water- ford, was attempted to be boarded off our harbour by a press boat, but the passengers and crew making resistance, they were fired upon by the press gang, and five of them were wounded, one of whom afterwards died at Youghal : however the pi'ess boat thought proper to sheer off, and the vessel landed her crew and wounded men at Dungarvan. 22. — Since lamps had been given up in this city a number of persons were drowned, who in all probability might have been saved if that useful and well appointed mode of lighting the streets had been continued. Dec. 3. — In the newspaper of this day appeared the following paragraph, "The lovers of hvunanity and justice wish that some method may be taken to prevent the savage amusement of bull baiting, particularly in a city so much resorted to by foreigners who must look on us as an uncivilized people, devoid of humanity. This morning a tormented beast was beaten through the Main street. Castle-street, quays, &c. for a considerable time, to the terror of the inhabitants ; a man was thrown by the bull against a car, and narrowly escaped being killed. If some stop is not speedily put to this barbarous practice, the country people will be deterred from bringing their bulls to market, as they are generally forced from them, contrary to justice, by those wicked miscreants." 18. — Two field pieces and four covered waggons laden with gunpowder, ammunition, and camp equipage, arrived in this city from Dublin. 1771 Ja7i. 31. — Commodore Knight, in the Ramilies of 90 guns, with the Defence of 74, Centaur 74, Ajax 74, Ripou 64, and Sokbay of 28 guns, arrived in our harbour. CORK REMEMBRANCER. 159 Feb. 6. — A man was soAerely wliipt from Woodhill to Lota, A. D. •^ ^ 1771 for stealing trees. March 7. — 'The rendezvous houses in this city were shut up, and the gangs dismissed. July 21. — A dreadful fire broke out this night in the house of the earl of Barrymore, which consumed that elegant edifice with all the out offices. It was said to have cost near £40,000. Aug. 20. — A large body of weavers assembled in Paul street in order to take a man from the employment of ]\Ir. Sexton, in Paul's alley, to punish him for working contraiy to their rules, and meeting with a cart-load of camblets belonging to Mr. Sexton, they were in the act of destroying them, when sheriff Lucas, accidentally passing by, dispersed them all to the number of 200, without doing much mischief. They however gave the sheriff gi'oss language, and one of them took his sword from him, with which he made off, but was pursued by the sheriff, who soon seized him and committed him to gaol. A great number of bad quarter guineas, and forged half-crowns were in circulation. Sept. 24. — A man was discovered this night walking upon the tops of the houses opposite St. Peter's church, which greatly alarmed the whole neighbourhood, and though the most diligent search was made for his apprehension he got off undiscovered. 26. — The public were cautioned in a Cork paper of this date, as the long nights were approaching, to be careful how they passed over the old drawbridge after dusk, it being so old and out of repair as to be unable to be turned into its proper place. 30. — The ancient custom of throwing bran was observ'ed here with the greatest profusion upon the installation of the mayor and sheriffs. This custom originated as an emblem of plenty, and for the purpose of animating succeeding magistrates with zeal to the service of the citizens. Oct. 7. — Orders were sent to Cork and Kinsale, immediately to provide quarters for six regiments of foot, to be quartered there for the greater convenience of embarkation. 12. — On this night and the following day there were violent storms and heavy rain, by which a tree was torn up on the Mardyke walk, and the weirs near Sunday's well considerably damaged. 160 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A. D. JVov. 6. — A party of mariners beat up for volunteers in this 1771 . ^ ^ city. Dec. 7. — There was a very high tide ; all the houses on Dunscombe's marsh, Tuckey's quay, Hammond's marsh, and many in the Main street, had the lower parts filled with water ; no material damage however occuri'ed thereby. The same morning much injury was sustained in Youghal, boats were driven into the streets, a snow broke from her moorings, several houses on the quay were very much flooded with water, and in some instances it came into the persons' beds. 12. — The side of an uninhabited house, opposite the bandle- cloth market, fell into the river. There was at this time a society in this city called the Free- debating society, which met at the assembly rooms : amongst the subjects discussed were included questions of merely local interest, relating to the improvement of this city. Henry Sheares, esq. was president of it at this time. 20. — At a meeting of several respectable gentlemen of this city at the music hall in Tuckey street, it was resolved, that a free debating society should be held every evening at 7 o'clock at said room, every person paying a British six-pence; the profits arising therefrom to be disposed of in charity as the society should think fit; that ladies be admitted to the gallery only, on payment of the same sum. This was a distinct society from that above mentioned. 1772 The new springing bridge was erected where the old draw- bridge was. An act was passed, whereby, after reciting that it was impossible for the mayor and sheriffs of Cork to hold a court of record as regularly as same ought to be held for the benefit of the suitors therein, in consequence of their time being engaged with the other duties of their respective offices, the recorder or deputy- recorder of the city, provided he was a barrister, was empowered to hold said court of record in the absence of the mayor and sheriffs, and the mayor, sheriffs, recorder or deputy recorder as they should happen respectively to be sitting, were empowered to adjourn the court from day to day, or to any day they pleased, for CORK REMEMBRANCER. 161 the dispatch of bushacss, this coiut being held but once a week ^jP- before, Jan. 11. — A number of men this evening with their faces blackened, and armed with hangers, bludgeons, Sec. entered the shop of a respectable citizen, a woollen draper, near North bridge, where they behaved in a most riotous and cruel manner, put out the candles, broke his shop windows in pieces, and cut, spoiled and carried off large quantities of his goods. No reason could be assigned for this outrage but that he sold English and Dublin goods. 13. — White's Munster academy was first opened. 15. — Some carts, on their way to this city with goods, were attacked near Dublin-hill by a number of misguided people, who by throwing great quantities of stones, obliged several of the owners who were escorting them to fly and leave the goods to their examination, which," after opening a box or two, they suffered to pass. Feh. 24. — About three o'clock this morning, the house of Thomas Hungerford, esquire, and the king's stores at Glandore, were attacked by a great number of armed men, in order to rescue a cargo of tobacco ; they weie however beaten off by Mr. Hungerford, assisted by a party from the Thunderbolt cutter. Several of the persons who made the attack were wounded. The poor were reduced to the greatest indigence from the severity of the weather. William Hull, esquire, was appointed lieutenant-governor of Cork, with an additional salary of ten shillings per day, in room of St. John Jeffreys, esquire, who was appointed one of the commissioners of accounts. March 1 . — A man was killed in an affray this night at the height of Newgate, i. e. the upper part of Mallow-lane. 8. — One of the centinels at Soiithgatc was knocked down by three desperadoes, who, were it not for the noise of passen- gers approaching, would have thrown him over the bridge, but dread of apprehension made them run off. The evening of the same day (to use the words of the newspaper,) was concluded in a most pious and devout manner by the warlike sons and daughters 162 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A_. p. of Fair lane and Blackpool, who met in a long field near Fair hill and fought with one another till night came on. The females were armed plentifully with stones, and the male combatants according to the Chewkee custom, with tomohawks of a new con- struction, which were about four feet long, and so dexterously contrived (having a hook and spear at the end) that any who missed grappling were sure to stab with the sharp point. Mar. 12. — Orders were sent over to Ireland to make a draught of 20 men from each regiment in that kingdom, who were to march with all expedition forKinsale, to embark for Quebec. April 1 — Four men destroyed a sloop near the old drawbridge : she had a loom on board of a new construction which had been brought from Dublin. 5. — The Fair lane and Blarney lane combatants met at Park- more, according to weekly custom, and after an engagement of some hours, one Keily received a stab from a tomohawk by which he was instantly killed, and many on both sides were wounded. May 1. — Two men were killed in a riot between the same people, who renewed the fight after the interment of the de- ceased men on Sunday the 3d : on the following day they were going to hang a Blackpool man, when he was rescued by the army. June 4. — Being the king's birth day, the morning was ushered in by the ringing of bells, at noon the army fired three volleys, and the night concluded with bonfires and illuminations. Mr. James Adair, who had returned a short time before from the warlike English Chickesah nation, a tribe of Indians residing near the river Mississipi, arrived in this city. He was the only trader with that nation then alive, had been 36 years amongst the Indians, and had written essays on the origin, language, religion, &c. of the Indians in general, his business here was in conse- quence of the following circumstances ; being in London a few weeks before he arrived here, he was persuaded by a sharper, who went by the name of captain Redmond Magra, to let him have his manuscripts to shew lord Camden, Mr. Burke, Mr. Wilkes, and others, and promised faithfully to deliver them afterwards to CORK REMEMBRANCER. 163 a printer for publication; but instead of doing so, he eloped to A. .D Dublin and from thence to this city, whither he was pursued by the author, and secured on the 8th of June at his lodgings near the old drawbridge; and the production of many years laborious study was thus recovered by the owner. June 10, — The 27th and 28th regiments were reviewed at Evergreen by lord Drogheda ; on the following day he reviewed the 50th regiment in the same place. 27. — Two journeymen coopers were wliipt from south to north gaol (pursuant to an act passed the previous session of parlia- ment) for refusing to work. July 1. — The anniversary of the battle of the Boyne was observed here with the usual demonstrations of joy. 12. — John Connor, alias Jack the Bachelor, the notorious smuggler, for whose apprehension the government had offered a large reward, was this day seen by some soldiers at an ale house near the Exchange in this city, and would have been taken if the soldiers had been aided by a party of the main-guard, which they applied for, but could not procure without an order from a magis- trate ; in the mean time the fellov/ escaped. Aug. 1. — The army in garrison fired three volleys on the Mall, and the day was observed with other demonstrations of joy. 6. — A meeting of the citizens was called for the 17th Instant at the Bed House walk, to consider of legal methods to free them- selves from the payment of the new tax for lamp and watch money. 12. — Being the prince of Wales's birth day, the army in gar- rison fired three volleys on the Mall, and the day was observed with other public demonstrations of joy. Sept. 29. — Being the anniversary of the surrender of Cork to king William, was observed as a day of rejoicing. Oct. 5. — In a Cork newspaper of this date appears the following paragraph: — "Several of the inhabitants, who live near the Exchange, present their most respectful compliments to the new sheriffs, and pray them to remove a most flagrant nuisance from before their doors, that of a breeches market held there every Wednesday and Saturday, to the great annoyance of pas- sengers, and highly indiscreet, as overgrown fellows are 164 CORK REMEMBRANCER, A.D. frequently fitted with small clothes, in view of the females who 1772 , pass by. Oct. l7 — The assizes ended in this city, and proving a maiden one, the sheriffs presented the judge with an elegant pair of white gloves, curiously fringed with gold. The reason for the assizes taking place this month, instead of in August as was usual, was in consequence of the county court-house having been rebuilt during the Summer. 23. — The anniversary of the Irish rebellion was observed here in the usual manner. 30. — As one Lewis Leaiy, was returning about eight o'clock to his lodgings opposite Shuttle-row, Hammond's-marsh, having missed the little bridge in consequence of the darkness of the night, he fell into the channel and was drowned. JVbf. 5. — The anniversary of the deliverance from the gun- powder plot was observed here with public demonstrations of joy. 23. — About two o'clock this day the smi was nearly eclipsed by a large cloud from the west, so as to cause nearly a total darkness for about two minutes : some persons in this city imagined they felt a slight shock of an earthquake at the same time. At this time instances of persons being robbed on the roads adjacent to this city occurred nightly. Jan. 1 4. — Five men who had been apprehended a few days before for highway robbery, murder, and other misdemeanors, and had been commited to Mallow bridewell, attempted to escape by taking off their bolts and endeavouring to force their way out; one of them wounded the turnkey with a knife, another struck the bridewell keeper's wife a violent blow with a bolt, yet notwith- standing, the turnkey with great bravery soon compelled them to suffer themselves to be secured. 18. — The prisoners who had endeavoured to escape from the Mallow Bridewell were conducted to this city under a strong escort, accompanied by several justices of the peace, who lod- ged them safely in the common gaol in this city. The same day being the queen's birth day, the regiments in garrison fired three volleys on Morrison's island. CORK REMEMBRANCER. 165 Jan. 18. — The prisoners in the city gaol attempted to make A.D. their escape by cutting a square out of one of the iron windows ; but in striving which should get out first, they were heard by the gaoler and secured. 22. — One Walsh a dairyman, was set upon by five men near the Watercourse in the north suburbs of this city, who cut \\\n\ and abused him grossly, and robbed him of eleven guineas and a half. 29. — A child was found near Peter's church bridge. Feb. 4. — The corporation of the city of Dublin unanimously presented the freedom of their guild to Adam Newman, alderman of Cork, in a silver box, for his spirited conduct as a magistrate in protecting the trade and manufactures of Ireland. 8. — Mr. Nixon, the keeper of a hardware shop in this city, having been frequently robbed of valuable articles, detected the thief by means of a gin rat-trap, which he placed under a glass case, with a pair of buckles as a bait. The thief paying him a visit as usual was caught fast by the fingers in the trap, on which he was secured, committed to gaol, and this day convicted of the crime, and sentenced to be whipped three market days, 23. — On this and the previous day there was a violent storm at S. W. which blew down some chimneys and damaged several houses. About one o'clock at noon a great part of a wall 20 feet high, on the right hand side of the Sunday's well road was blown down from the foundation, and with the force of the fall the opposite wall was broken. 28. — Some evil minded persons broke almost every lamp outside South gate. May 1. — The boat of a Norway vessel was overset by a squall of w^ind in lough Mahon, and two sailors were drowned. An affray took place between a townsman and a soldier, when the former cut off the soldier's nose, and on being pursued the following day, threw himself out of a window, by which his leg and arm were broken. June 2. — The 34th and 40th regiments of foot were reviewed in a large field near the lough, as also the C5th regiment of foot at the Red-house walk by general Pierson. Q 166 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A-D. June 4. — Being the king's birth -clay, was observed here with the usual demonstrations of joy. 25. — John and James St. Clare of Blarney, factors, were committed to the county gaol by Robert Gordon, the one for embezzling twenty-one hanks of purged yarn, and the other for interrupting Mr. Gordon in the execution of his office, by heading a large party of weavers' boys, and a possce of idlers who were repeatedly desired to disperse, but in vain. James St. Clare presented a large musket heavily loaded with slugs at Mr. Gordon, who, though unarmed, very resolutely and judiciously found means to close on him and take him prisoner, and with the assistance of an old faithful soldier who was watchman of the bleach-green, he conveyed both the delinquents, amidst the clamorous uproar of hundreds, to Monard, from which place an escort of the military conveyed them to Cork. June 26. — This night at about eleven o'clock, the watchman in charge of the north square was attacked by several villains, armed with knives and sticks, who knocked him down and cut him desperately. Juhj 1. — In commemoration of this day, the Boyne society assembled at the Tliolsel, attended by an elegant band of music, from which they proceeded in regular order to Christ church. Aug. 14, — About one o'clock this morning a fire broke out among some thatched houses on the Evergreen road, five of which were consumed. Sept. 30. — For several nights past a strong party of the military did duty at the city gaol, in consequence of a report having been circulated that two women who had been sentenced to be hanged and burnt for the murder of a butcher in a Fair-lane riot, intended to make their escape, assisted by the Fair-Line mob, which it was said, intended to make an attack on the gaol for that purpose. Dec. 16. — For the last two nights there were the highest tides known for several years, with heavy rain and high winds. The water was several feet high in most of the houses on the marshes, and some of the streets were impassable. 1774 ■^'^^- 12. — Early this morning Mr. Daniel M'Carthy, sub-sheriiff of the county of Cork, and a party of the 28th regiment, CORK REMEMBRANCER. 167 commanded by Mr. King, attacked the fortification and entrench- A. D. 1774 ments of Pratt and his forces at Kihaish, who were lodged in the county gaol on the 1 3th. Feb. 26. — A party of gentlemen, among whom was the rev. Emanuel Moore, pursued a number of persons this night, who had forcibly carried off a young woman in the neighbourhood of Clonakilty. Several shots were fired on both sides, by which an old woman who was in the house where the pursued had taken shelter, and the reverend Mr. Moore, were killed. March 13. — About fifty lamps were broken this night in Blarney-lane, in consequence of their not having been lighted. Simon Sullivan, a Roman Catholic, being convicted of carrying arms, was sentenced to be imprisoned tor twelve months and fined £50. May 7. — A chimney near Skiddy's castle took fire, but providentially the flames were prevented from communicating to the magazine, otherwise the city might have been reduced to a heap of ruins. 23. — The 28th and 34th regiments were reviewed at the camp- field by the right honorable lord Blayncy. The day was very wet. 30. — A deserter who was confined in the city gaol for burglary, broke out and made his escape. June 17. — The society for the relief and discharge of persons confined for small debts, was founded by Henry Sheares, esq. 26. — A man was committed to North gaol, (under the provisions of an act to prevent chalking, which had been passed but a few days before,) for cutting a man in Fair-lane. July 1. — Being the anniversary of the Boync, in the morning the bells rang incessantly, and at noon the members of the Boyne society walked in their uniforms to Christ church, from whence they returned to the council-chamber where an elegant entertain- ment was provided. The evening concluded with bonfires and other marks of festivity. 3. — During the interment of a corpse in St. Fin Barry's church- yard, a young woman, decently dressed, was detected picking a gentleman's pocket which he soon discovered, and on examining her, found no less than seven handkerchiefs upon her, which 168 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A. D. were restored to the owners. The populace afterwards set the 1771 . . , culprit in the stocks, where they threw several things at her, till it was thought she received sufficcnt punishment for such practices. J^nly 31. — Before daybreak, one Dorney, an opulent farmer who lived near Carrigaline, desired his M'ife (of whom it was supposed he was jealous,) to go to his father's house and bring him from thence a box. Tlie wife objected and reasoned with her husband about the lateness of the hour ; however he was inflexible in his command, upon which she requested that her son (a boy of about eleven years of age) should accompany her. When they had quitted the house Dorney got up and locked the door, he then got a knife, went to the bed where his three daughters lay, one of six years, one of tln-ee years, and one of ■nine months old, took the clothes off from under and over them to prevent them being stained with blood, and then, with a cruelty shocking to relate, ripped them up in sucli a manner that their intestines came out ; he afterwards cut their throats, and then lay down on the same bed with them. About seven o'clock his wife and son returned, the former of whom finding the door locked, called aloud to her husband to open it, and to let them in, to which he answered "call the neighbours and break open the door, for there is a show in the house." Accordingly the door was broken open, when they found the cruel father lying at the side of the thi'ee murdered innocents; he had a few slight scars about his body, which might hav-e been occasioned by the struggling of the eldest child, several cuts having appeared upon her little hands ; but it was the opinion of some that he gave them to himself in order to pretend insanity. This treble murderer was committed to the south gaol on Tuesday the 9ch of August and shortly after died, by which he escaped the penalty of the gallows. J\/ov. i. — Being the anniversary of the birth of king William the III, and the following day that of the gtmpowder plot, both were observed with the usual demonstrations of joy. 23. — One Daniel Carty, who had been confined in the city gaol for felony, contrived to escape through the north window over the arch, by cutting the window bars, and letting himself down CORK REMEMBRANCER. 169 liv a rope. The ceutiuel, in the hurry and confusion, seized an ^_-J^- innocent person ^vhoul he took for the felon, and ni the mean time the other escaped, Dec. 28, — One Richard Cashman, a butcher, of Bdliymacoda near Castlemartyr, who had been married but three months to a young woman of most irreproachable character and conduct, about twelve o'clock this night, rose ont of bed from his wife, and requested her mother who lived with him to go to an adjoining house, where his brother-in-law slept, alleging that he had some charges to make against her daughter, which he should do ia private. The poor woman immediately complied, and was no sooner gone outside the door, than he returned to his chamber and instantly stabbed her with ■dcouiccai de chase, and whilst she was struggling for life, furiously seized her by the throat to prevent her cries, and gave her a second stab in her right breast, which put a period to her existence. Her aunt who also lived with them, was awakened by the noise, and her mother having returned upon the alarm, they both rushed into the room, when he made a stroke of a sword at the former which hit the door case and thus luckily missed her. He then proceeded to his step father's, who lived about a mile distant, told him of the murder he had com- mitted, gave him his watch and four guineas and a half, and requested he would go and see if his wife was dead, which the man promised to do. In his absence Cashman several times attempted to stab himself with the sword, but was prevented by some persons who were in the house, which so aggravated him, that he immediately ran to a neighbouring well and plunged him- self into eternity. Jim. 21. — Between six and seven o'clock this evening as 1775 James St. John Jeffreys of Blarney, was riding in his post chaise on the South Mall, the horses, in consequence of some misman- agement of the postillion, and the parapet wall being in a ruinous- condition, drove into the river at high water. The coachman, who rude after the carriage, observing the danger of his master, inmiediately jumped into the river, broke open the carriage window, took out Mr. Jeffreys, and swam safe with him to shore, and afterwards went to the assistance of the postillion, whom 170 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A. D. he was also instrumental in saving: the horse was however drowned. Jan 25— During a violent storm at S. W. which did considerable damage, a large breach was made in the road to Sunday's-well by part of the rock giving way. Providentially no persons were passing at the time, otherwise they would have been flung down an immense precipice and dashed to pieces. Feb. 26. — A soldier, one of the drafts who lately arrived here, was set upon by some inhuman blood-thirsty persons, who stabbed him in several parts of his body as he was passing quietly through the Main-street. March 2. — The public was cautioned in a Cork paper, to be careful in passing at night from Broad-lane to Fishamble-lane through Cross-street, as the slip near the little bridge was quite out of repair, and several persons within the last few nights had fallen into the river, owing to its niinous state. Two puncheons of rum were seized by Mr. Cramer, jun. at Oyster-haven from smugglers, who at first beat him off with stones. He went however to the foil at Kinsale, where he obtained a party of the army, returned to the smugglers whom he surprised at the Old-head, and brought the rum to the custom house of Kinsale. 18 cwt. of leaf tobacco was seized by Mr. Potter and his men near Enniskean, when a great mob arose and stoned him and his party in so violent a manner as obliged him in his own defence to fire upon them, by whichtwo of the smugglers were killed, and another was dangerously wounded ; upon this the smugglers de- sisted, and the tobacco was brought off and lodged in the custom house of Kinsale. May 20. — Between twelve and one o'clock this night John and David Nagle, of Fair-lane, and the wife of the latter, attacked Daniel Sullivan a butcher, who lived in the same house with them, and so barbarously cut and mangled him that he died on the spot. A woman died near Clonakilty, aged 115 years, who, two days before her decease, spvm 12 hanks of linen thread. June 4. — Being the king's birth day, the same was observed by ringing of bells, and the following day the 11th and 62d CORK REMEMBRANCER. 171 regiments of foot were drawn up on the Mall, when they fired three A. D . 1775 volleys in honor of the same, the former day having been Sunday. June 4. — Prayers were offered in all the churches for rain. 6. — A fire broke out this night in a house in Fair-lane, which burnt with great violence for some hours, whereby between 20 and 30 cabins were consumed. July 1. — Being the anniversary of the battle of the Boyne, the members of the Boyne Society walked in procession to Christ church, after which they returned to the council chamber, where a plentiful entertainment was provided for them. x^ug 12 — Being the anniversary of the Prince of Wales's birth- day, the regiments in garrison here were drawn out on the Mall, and fired three volleys each, in honor of the same. 24 — A soldier of the 1 1 th regiment belonging to the main-guard, was found in court-lane with the sinews of his right leg cut, by which he was maimed in a manner shocking to humanity; it was found afterwards that he committed this horrid deed on himself with a razor, with a view to get out of the regiment, and be con- sidered worthy of a pension. Sept. 26. — A great number of armed villains at Watergrass- hill, burned a large quantity of blankets, wliich were intended for the troops then about to go to America. Oct. 23. — Being the anniversary of the Irish rebellion, the mayor, sheriffs, with the city regalia, went in their formalities to Christ church. The evening concluded with ringing of bells, bonfires, &c. 25. — Being the anniversary of his majesty's accession to the throne, the army in garrison fired three volleys in honor of the day. JVov. 11. — A number of villains attacked the house of a Mr. Fowey at Glanmire, and forcibly entered the same. They then with the greatest barbarity put him and his wife on the lire to confess where their money lay, which happening to be but a few guineas, they brought a horse, which they had stolen, to the door, and yoked him to a car, which they loaded with beds, chairs, tables, &c. and carried off in triumph. Dec. — A second door was built to the South gaol, in order to separate the debtors from the criminals. 172 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A. D. Dec. 10. — Maior fjeneral Robert Cunninarbam, arrived in town 1775 JO o 7 to succeed the late lord Blayney, as major general of tbis provinccj his lordship having died in this city on the 13th of November. 16. — A woman fell over the quay at the end of Skiddy's castle lane, but by timely assistance was saved. 22. — About seven o'clock this night the marquis of Rocking- ham transport, from Portsmouth, with three companies of the 32d regiment and their baggage on board, besides women and children, was in a heavy gale of wind driven into Roberts's cove, and at three the following morning was dashed to pieces on the rocks, and every soul on board perished, except three officers and about thirty privates and two of the crew. The officers who jDerished were lieutenant Marsh and ensign Sandiman, besides the wives of lieutenant Marsh and Dr. Barker. The officers saved were captain Glover, lieutenants Booth and Carter, andt'ie doctor's mate. 'Tis impossible to paint the distress of the officers and soldiers who were saved, the greatest part of whom being cast on the rocks had their flesh torn in a shocking manner, and instead of receiving the least assistance from the inhabitants, were attacked by a great number of the common people, who carried off every article that could be saved out of the wreck. 1776 Jan. 6. — His majesty's ship Bristol, 50 guns, commanded by Sir Peter Parker, arrived in Cove, as convoy to the troops bound to America, then imder the command of lord Cornwallis. 18. — The house of Miss Mary Kennedy, in Mallow-lane, was broken into by four persons armed, who forcibly took her out of bed, and carried her off, with intent (as it was supposed) to marry her to one of the party. 18. — A ship arrived in Kinsale from Boston, with the corps of officers of the 59th regiment, whose number had exceeded their rank and fde, which latter were drafted into other regiments, and the officers were sent to recruit their full complement in England. 25. — A boat coming from one of the transports at Cove, was overset in a gale of wind, by which three soldiers, three women, and some boatmen were drowned. 31. — The Dublin post which should have arrived the 29Lh, CORK REMEMBRANCER. 173 did not come in till one o'clock this day, on account of the great A. D. fall of snow which rendered the roads almost impassable. Jan. 31 — All the vessels in this harbom* of 150 tons and upwards that could be procured, were taken up as transports for the service of government. In consequence of a practice of persons firing at sea-gulls oxi Sullivan's quay and Morrison's island, four persons walking on the South Mall were wounded, and many windows were broken. May 4.— Nathaniel Whitmore, a soldier of the 1 1th regiment, was executed at Gallows-green, pursuant to his sentence, for the murder of John Hawkins a corporal in said regiment, by stabbing him with his bayonet. His coffin, which was handsomely orna- mented, was carried before him with napkins by four young men, and a number of the Blue Coat hospital boys attended, who sang as he went to execution. When he came to the fatal tree, he ascended the ladder with great serenity of mhid, declared that he was so intoxicated with liquor when he had committed the murder, that he was insensible of his crime ; he gave out several psalms, and joined in singing with a numerous concom'se, who attended till it was time to make atonement for the blood he had shed. When he had hung thirty-five minutes he was cut down, and his head severed from his body, which were both delivered to his friends for interment. He was a young man about 23 years old, of the middle size, and of remarkably good character. June 4. — Being the king's birth-day, the 19th regiment fired three volleys on the Mall. 10. — A Avoman who had been onboard an East Indiaman then in this harbour, refusing to be searched by the revenue officers, was carried on board the quarantine vessel that lay near them, where she was obliged to strip to her shift, inside which she had a piece of handkerchiefs, which were immediately seized, to the poor woman's mortification, it being her all. Decency caused some persons present to direct that she should be accommodated with a private place to put on her clothes, in consequence of which she was ordered into the cabin, in which was a locker, where the different seizures, consisting of muslins, silks, &c. of consider- able value, had been deposited ; the key having remained in the 174 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A_.I). locker, she closed the door, and helped herself plentifully with the seizures, which she packed up in quantities, by way of reprisal, and left the ship. July 27. — His excellency the lord lieutenant came by water from Drumanagh, in the county of Waterford, the seat of lord Villiers, and landed at Youghal, from which he went to Castle- martyr, the seat of the earl of Shannon, where he dined on the 28th, and on the following day at Rostellan, the seat of the earl of Inchiquin. On the same day the mayor, sheriffs, and town clerk of this city waited on his excellency to invite him in the name of the corporation to this city, which his excellency politely declined. u4itg. — At this time the small pox was very fatal in Cork. Wandesford's bridge was begun to be built : Mr. Samuel Ilobbs, master builder, superintended this work, and completely carried it into execution. Se^t. 30. — This evening a child fell into the river from the waste ground, opposite the main-guard, but providentially was soon taken up. Oct. 28. — This night between 11 and 12 o'clock, four malicious villains came into the Main street up Boland's lane, one of whom fired a musket loaded with shot, at the centinel on duty at the main -guard. Nov. 4. — Being the anniversary of the birth of king William the III, the morning was ushered in with ringing of bells; at noon the 19th regiment was drawn out, and fired three volleys; and the evening concluded with every demonstration of joy. __ Dec. 13 — The public fast, which had been ordered by govern- ment for the recovery of his majesty, was observed here. The mayor, sheiiffs, recorder, and town clerk, in their fur gowns, attended by a great number of the army and a vast concourse of the most respectable citizens, walked in procession to Christ church, preceded by the sword bearer, water bailiff, serjeants at mace, city constables, &.c. The church was very much crowded, as were all the other churches in the city. The greatest good order and regularity was observed throughout the whole city, and no shops were opened for the day, nor labour carried on. CORK REMEMBRANCER. 175 Jan. 1. — The house of industry was opened, when 16 beggars A_._D. were taken in, most of whom entered voluntarily. Feb. 2. — Between three and four o'clock this morning, a chim- ney took fire in Brown's lane, within nine houses of the magazine: it burned furiously for upwards of two hours ; the blaze could be seen four feet above the chimney, 18. — Richard Townsend, John Townsend, Samuel Jervois and Daniel Callaghan, magistrates, with several gentlemen of the county and their servants, well mounted and armed, set out at two o'clock in the morning to the mountains above Bantry, in the neighbourhood of Murdering glin and Glaunbannoul, where they apprehended several persons, charged with cutting off the ears of a horse. March 25. — This day was tried at the Guild-hall before a special jury, a record, on a writ of mnndamus directed to the mayor, sheriffs, and common council of this city, to admit Richard Fitton, eldest son of Mr. Burgess Fitton,to the freedom of this city, he claiming to be entitled during the life of his father; when after a hearing of nine hours, the jury brought in a verdict for I'itton, with £5 damages and costs of suit, by which it was determined that every eldest son of a freeman is entitled to be admitted free of this city, upon his attaining the age of twenty- one years. It was supposed if he had lived, he woiUd have established a similar right in younger sons. April. — Mr. Sergeant Carleton presided in the county court in the room of Baron Power, who was taken ill with the gout after his arrival in Cork. May — A great number of precious stones were dug up in a limestone quarry on the Blackrock road ; some amethysts were likewise found. The populace resorted there in such numbers to profit by the discovery, that the proprietor was obliged to procure a military guard to prevent their depredations. 5. — This day one Connell was whipped for begging after having been discharged on bail. June 4. — Being the king's birth-day, was kept in the usual manner. 22. — A number of persons residing in Leitrim and Blackpool 176 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A._r>. assemldocl on Devonshire's marsh for the purpose of rioting. Mr. lloss one of the high constables, aided by some gentlemen obliged them to disperse, but not however before one of them had been severely beaten by some of the rioters. Sept. 1 1 . — This day the mayor, with the city regalia, and a number of military gentlemen, went from the Exchange toTuckey street, where the new guard-house was to be erected, when his worship laid the foundation stone thereof: on this occasion the army were drawn out and fired three volleys. Oct. 30 — The tide rose to an unusual height in Kinsale, owing (as was supposed) to a water quake, as the swell was so great on the offing (though the wind was northerly and the weather fair,) that the fishermen were obliged to come into harbour. JVov. 4. — The Boyne society, were for the first time reviewed by colonel Bagwell, in White's Bowling green. 1778 Jan. 25. — The west India fleet, consisting of 64 ships, sailed from Cove with a fair wind : they were convoyed by his majesty's ship the Torbay 7 1 guns, and the Camel sloop. Feh. 18. — An order of council, which granted 300 guineas out of the corporation revenues, towards a subscription for raising troops for his majesty's service, was this day confirmed in a court of D'Oyr hundred, by which vvas anticipated the determination of the judges of England, as to the legality of raising troops without the consent of parliament. 27. — This day being the day fixed by the lord lieutenant and privy council for a public fast and humiliation, to implore the Divine blessing on the British arms, and to pray for a termination of the American rebellion ; the mayo«', aldermen, burgesses, with the city regalia, attended by the gentlemen of the Boyne society in their uniforms, with an elegant band of music playing "long live the king" went in grand procession to Clirist church. March 12. — A mob assembled in this city and its suburbs, under pretence of searching for provisions, alledged to have been intended for exportation to the north of Ireland, and destroyed a great deal of property, breaking the doors and windows of several of the merchants warehouses, and cutting down the masts, and CORK REMEMBRANCER. 17 177S destroying the rigging of ships. During the riot some shots were A- J) fired which killed two men and wounded several. April V2. — (Sunday). The Lord Chief Baron Dennis, one of the judges of assize went to Christ church, preceded hy the boys of the Blue-coat hospital, and followed hy the different societies of this city, which formed the following grand procession : — The mayor, dressed in the uniform of the Culloden society, of Avhich he was colonel. The sheriffs, aldermen, clergy, sword bearer, with the city regalia. The True-blue society, uniform blue, faced with blue and edged with white. The Boyne society, imi- form blue edged with buff, buff waistcoats and breeches. The Aughrim, uniform scarlet, white edging. The Cork Union, uniform scarlet faced with green, buff waistcoats and breeches' and green cockades. The Culloden, uniform blue faced with scarlet, bull waistcoats and breeches. They were all regularly divided into light infantry, grenadier, and battalion companies, the officers wearing swords and epaulets, and dressed suitably. The number of the entire was near three hundred, and made a most respectable appearance. They returned in like manner, but were very much incommoded, by the vast concourse of spectators. June 4. — Being the king's birth day, the troops and armed societies fired on the ]\Iall. In the evening the populace were liberally supplied with beer, and the night concluded with ringing of bells, bqufires, illuminations, and every other demonstration of joy- 8. — A general embargo, was laid on all ships in this harbour, except colliers. 9* — An encampment was made at Kinsale, which was continued until the 10th of November. 30. — One Hickie escaped from the south gaol, by cutting down through the different floors till he came to the entiy of the prison, through which he ran ; but having been seen by a soldier of the 3d regiment, who pursued him into Grafton's alley, he was there taken. Juhj 1 Sc 12. — Were kept in the usual manner. July 13. — The True Blue and Boyne societies were re- 178 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A..D viewed at the camp-field at Ballyphehane by the earl of 1778 Ibhannon, Sep. 7. — This was the first general field-day of all the armed societies belonging to this city. SejJt. 24. — The west India fleet, consisting of above 40 ships, sailed from Cove, under convoy of the Winchelsea and Lynx, men of war. Sej}. 29 — Eoman catholics being pennitted to take long leases, several of that body attended at the city court house and testified their allegiance. All the sign-posts in this city were taken down, pursuant to act of parliament. Oct. 8. — The mayor issued a proclamation, stating that he would put the laws for the observance of the sabbath strictly in force, in consequence of many persons presuming to exercise and follow their trade on the sabbath day, particularly barbers, and hairdressers; and in consequence of several publicans suffering idle disorderly persons to continue drinking and tipling in their houses; and also many persons exposing for sale greens, fruit and other wares, during the time of divine service. iVbw 21. — One Chapman a butcher, was attacked by three foot- pads on Wandesford's bridge, near Crosses green, who cut him in a desperate manner, and robbed him of what money he had. Dec. 2. — A boat very heavily laden, and containing 20 pas- sengers, was overset near Passage, and every person in it drowned except one man. 1779 Jan. 1. — The first fancy ball introduced into this city by lady Fitzgerald. Feb. 20. — Upon the arrival of the news of the honorable acquittal of admiral Keppel, who had been tried by a court- martial for neglect of duty, the bells were set ringing and continued all the next day, (Sunday). On Monday the True Blue, Boyne, Aughrim, and the Union armed societies fired three volleys on the Mall, and afterwards gave three cheers ; at night the whole town was grandly illuminated, bonfires blazed, and the evening concluded with eveiy demonstration of joy. In Macroom the houses were illuminated, every street blazed with bonfires, and CORK REMEMBRANCER. 179 the effi. to leave their liouses to the mercy of that lawless mob, and universal 1781 . , -^ ' . , consteraation was spread through the town; several lives had probably been lost, were it not for the zeal and activity of the officers, who patrolled the streets accompanied by a giiard, and did everything in their power to disperse the rioters. This disor der, it was supposed, was in consequence of the murder of a soldier the night before. Sept. 22. — Great alarm was created by the appearance of a large fleet seen in the offing; but it was soon dispelled by the arrival of 137 sail of the Leeward island fleet, under convoy of his majes- ty's ships Triumph and Panther, each of 74 guns. 1782 Jan. 12. — One John Fenton a miller, died at Riverstown near this city. On the day preceding his death (then to appearance in good health) he went among his kindred and friends, inviting them to his funeral on the Sunday following, and so certain was he that his dissolution was near, that he sent his brother for a clergyman to prepare him for eternity. The priest attended and gave him the rites of the church on this day, after which Fenton went to bed, and in a little time expired without the least emotion whatsoever. .April 19. — A cutter privateer appeared oS' this harbour and completely blocked it up for the space of three days : she fired at and took a vessel just under the house of Mr. Eoche of Trabolgan. J\Iay 1. — There were dancing, prize-fighting and running in bags at the Mardyke field. May 9. — Eight sailors and a boy, who had been for some time lurking about Eingskerry near Cove, ran away with a small boat and went alongside a sloop from Waterford, laden with pork, and by some means having obtained admittance on board, they rose on the crew and having secured them, sailed away with the vessel and cargo which was supposed to have been worth £2000. 30. — Lord L h's efligy was carried publicly through the city, and hanged at Shandon castle lane. June — In this and the following months a disorder called the influenza raged in this city, from which very few escaped. It commonly began with sneezing and running at the nose, a severe cough, attended with a fever, heaviness, and pain in the head, CORK REMEMBRANCER- 185 or with a weakness and a pain in all the bones ; it usually went A.. D. off however in three or four days. June 4. — Being the anniversary of the birth of his majesty, then distinguished asking of Ireland, as soon as the day appeared the bells in the different churches were set ringing ; at noon the troops fired ^.feu dejoie on the Mall, and at night this city, Cove, and Passage, were grandly illuminated. K^ug. 1. — Rendezvous houses were opened by the different armed societies, for the reception of recruits. Sep. 15. — Lord Rodney arrived at Cove in the Montague of 74 guns, and on the 18th was presented with his freedom of this city in a gold box. Oct. — There was very inclement weather during the whole harvest, and in this month there was a great scarcity of bread, which continued to the end of the year. The bread was perhaps the worst that ever was made, owing to the continued rains which had totally ruined the corn. Peter's church was thrown down, in order to be re-built. Nov. 18. — The debtors in the south gaol being reduced to the necessity of drinking salt water very often for the last three months, their pumps being for a long time dry, and many of them having in consequence become ill, they humbly besought the managers of the pipe water, through the newspaper of this day, to redress that great want. Nov. 20 — One of the criminals confined in the bridewell made a hole through the roof, out of which he leaped, and fell on a number of barrels on the head of a barrel carrier who was acci- dentally passing along, by which means he escaped. Dec, 4. — Some nefarious villains broke open the monument of the Deane family, in Peter's church, the railing and figures of which had been removed until the church was rebuilt, whence they stole the leaden coffins of sir Matthew Deane, and his lady. 27. — The criminals in the north gaol, by the assistance of saws, cut their way through the floor into the room where the keys were kept in a chest, which they broke open, and got into the upper apartments, and, by making a rope fast, five let themselves down into the streets and escaped; among the number was the noted 186 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A. D. Jack-a-boy, who was apprehended early on the following morning at Blackpool and conducted back to his old lodgings. £1000 was granted towards the improvement of Cork harbour. 1783 Jan. 7. — A person passing through Clothier's lane fell into a hole made to repair the water pipes, by which accident he broke his leg. This melancholy event offered an unusual share of amuse- ment to an unfeeling set of spectators. Jan. 31 — The corporation presented John Marsh, commissary, with his freedom in a silver box. Feh. 3. — Peter's church was begun to be re-buil(. 23. — There were at this time so many robbers and foot pads on the road between Cork and Kinsale, that it was not safe to ride on that road unarmed, even by day. March 1 7. — The armed societies were reviewed in the Mardyke field, after which they fired several volleys on the Grand Parade, and gave three cheers in honor of our patron saint. The Cork cavalry set off from this city to Castle Townsend, in quest of some insurgents, said to have been meditating mischief against the inhabitants of that neighbourhood: after scouring the country for a great nimiber of miles, they apprehended Denis Connell, otherwise Cock-a-bendy, who was charged with sounding a horn with an intent to assemble a mob and disturb the peace. J^Iay 27. — At have past five o'clock this evening, the remains of Ebenezer Morrison, major of the Aughrim society, were conducted from his house by the armed societies, over parliament bridge, along the South Mall, Grand Parade, Castle street and the South main-street, to Christ church, in solemn procession. June 18. — There was a desperate storm of thunder and lightning. 24. — A mob assembled in Youghal and unloaded a sloop freighted with meal from Scotland, which had been engaged at the enormous price of Is. 1\A. per pottle, and sold it at the public market at the usual price. July 9. — This morning there was a violent thunder storm, during which an obscurity prevailed resembling the evening dusk between ten and eleven o'clock. On the 14th there was another storm which was renewed with greater violence on the following CORK REMEMBRANCER. 187 morning. Balls of fire were seen to fall in several fields, tearing ^O- the ground as they entered, several sheep, cows, horses and pigs were killed, and many persons were scorched. July 28. — Hanover-street was so flooded for some weeks past, as to have been almost impassable : it was caused by some person stopping the main sewer and encroaching on the bed of the river. The lamps at this time were not lighted during the summer. Auq. 16 — A dreadful fire broke out at Cove, which bumt with such fury as to consume twenty-five houses in the space of an hour and an half. 23. — Richard Longfield, having been returned as one of the city repesentatives, was chaired through the town. At night there were bonfires and illuminations. 31. — A quarrel having arisen in the guard-room in Tuckey street, between two officers of the 32d regiment, one of them drew upon the other, and wounded him under the left breast, in consequence of which he instantly expired. Sept. 9. — A dangerous mob of armed persons assembled this night in different parts of the city, to the great annoyance of the inhabitants. 30. — His excellency the earl of Charlemont arrived in town, for the purpose of reviewing the volunteer corps of this city and county. He was met by a small detatchment of cavalry at some distance from the city, who escorted him to his lodgings on the Grand Parade. On the following day his excellency reviewed the troops in the Mardyke field. Nov. 16 — Cullinane, the famous robber, who had for so long a time infested the Kinsale road, was taken prisoner and lodged in the city gaol. Feb — There was the severest frost, which had been experienced 1734 since the year 1739. 27. — A sailor was stopped on Sullivan's Quay by some ruffians, who having robbed him, threw him into the river where he was drowned. A person who was near at the time, but was afraid to offer any assistance, remarked that they had the appearance of disbanded soldiers, who every night at this time perpetrated some scene of depredation or barbarity. 1B8 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A. .D March — EoLberics had become very frequent in this citv. 1/84 ^ . J -i. 27. — The air balloon which ascended near the Mardyke at about 4 o'clock in the presence of an unusual concourse of spec- tators, arrived at Cooper's hill at six o'clock the same evening a distance of 18 miles. It was first discovered moving, in a swift horizontal direction near the earth, by one John Mynehan, an inhabitant of the above district, who, having never heard of these curious productions of art, for some time thought it was the devil, and] was partly confirmed in this idea by the appearance of a tube at the summit of the machine, which displayed to his terri- fied imagination a lively representation of the horrors attributed to his infernal majesty. Having grown bolder by degi'ees, he at length pursued it at full speed, when a calm immediately succeeding, the fancied demonrested between two rocks, and was presently secured. The men brought it home, and at night the neighbours assembled to see this wonder of the world, but some person having dropped a spark on the machine, it penetrated its slender covering, set fire to the inflammable air with which it was inflated, and produced an explosion equal to a clap of thunder. By this unfortunate event, a man and woman were severely scorched, several fainted, and such as could conveniently escape by flight, sheered off, fully convinced that Lucifer himself had got amongst them. May 3. — This day having been appointed for the sale of a large assortment of English woollen goods by auction, between two and three thousand of the poor distressed manufacturers of this city, assembled and proceeded to the stores on the South Mall, where the goods were deposited, and declared that the auction should not go on, for that such sales would manifestly tend to their destruction ; that they had helpless families, and^that poverty stared them in the face ; that they could not get work to alleviate their distresses; that many of them were ashamed to beg and would not rob, therefore for self-preservation sake they would as far as in them lay, suflfer no English manufactures in their line of business, to be vended in the city. The troops were marched down, but the timely interpositon of the mayor and sherifts, and their pro- mise, with that of the proprietors of the goods, that the same should not 1)6 sold here, had the desired eflect, and these poor creatures departed with seeming content. CORK REMEMDllANCER. 189 JaJij 11. — A party of seamen attacked the ceiitinels at South -^^ le- gate gaol with stones, between five and six o'clock this morning; the centinels having in vain begged of them to desist, advanced to the end of Old Post-office lane, the seamen being on the other side (except one who stood at the end of Kift's lane and who at inter- vals used to run out and throw stones, crying damn you fire we are the tnie blades,) the number of shots fired were five, the last of which it was supposed killed Green one of the daring party. The soldiers then returned to the gaol, and there left their muskets, and gave chace to the man at Kift's lane, who fled and was proceeding down Tuckey-street, when the pursuers called to the continel at the guard house to stop him, which he did, and the transgressor was taken into confinement. ^ug. 24. — A shoemaker underwent the newly adopted operat- ion of tarring and feathering; during his march through the town he was severely pelted with eggs, but was at length rescued by sheriff" Shaw, who, with a party of the army, protected him from further outrage. He was charged with having made up shoes of an inferior quality at so low a price, as to prove highly injurious to the craft. Dec. 30 — The freedom of this city was voted to the duke of Piutland, lord lieutenant of Ireland, in a gold box; and to Sir Alexander Schomberg hart, in a silver box. Colds, coughs, and asthmas, were very prevalent at this time in Cork. Jan. 7. — Eight American vessels which sailed in company 1785 for the purpose of smuggling, appeared off" the harbour of Castle Townsend, but being pursued by the Bushe cutter, an engagement took place within pistol shot, when the latter was overpowered by numbers ; the smugglers then landed all their cargoes. 20. — This day Wandesford's bridge, entirely fell into the river. A congress of representatives from the different counties of Ireland was held in Dublin, for promoting parliamentary reform, April 14. — 'This morning at about eleven o'clock, a balloon which had been launched from Fleet street London, by a Mr. Fiuchett, was found in a field at Fair hill. 190 CORK REMEMBRANCEn. A. D. April 30. — The merchants of the city of Cork fitted out a 1785 vessel, well supplied with beef, bread, &.C., to cruize off Cape Clear, for the purpose of relieving any vessels, which the long continuance of easterley winds might keep at sea. The manage- ment of this expedition was entrusted to a confidential person, who went as supercargo, and was directed to relieve whomsoever he might meet with in distress, without consideration of the country to which the claimants belonged, or whither they were bound, and without taking any remuneration. May 18. — A meeting of citizens was summoned at the council chamber at 12 o'clock, for the purpose of opposing the building of a bridge below the customhouse, which, it was asserted, would be the cause of depopulating and laying waste the thickly inha- bited and flourishing parts of the city, and also for signing a petition to parliament, to defeat and counteract such destructive resolutions as were then forming to carry into effect, a scheme that it was supposed would be the ruin of thous'ands. July 14. — The boat races at Haulbowlin commenced : the day was fine, and a brilliant concourse of people were assembled. The island having been previously taken possession of by AVilliam Lombard, who was stiled governor of the day, a platform was erected and surrounded with picquet lines to reserve the space with- in for the nobility and gentry. The governor's tents were pitched, and his tables being covered with a cold collation, a large band of music was in attendance, and batteries of cannon were mounted on the most advantageous ground in the island. The governor was dressed in a fancy habit, resembling a highland chieftain's dress. On the river wer5 a great number of yachts and boats, all filled with various parties vying with each other in gaiety of dress and cheerfulness of appearance. At 2 o'clock the signal was given for starting; one ten and two twelve oared barges contended for the first prize, and three eight oared boats for the second : 160 turbots were killed during this day. August 22 — This day a prisoner who was guarded by a party of the army from the city court house to the gaol, in attempting to make his escape, was by one of them run through the body, and killed on the spot. CORK UEMEMBRANCER. 191 ^ug. 31 — 200,000 herrings were taken at one haul at Bantry. A_. D. Sept. 20. — An attempt was made by the criminals in north gaol to escape. To effect their purpose they broke several of the inside doors to get to the top of the gaol, and from thence three conveyed themselves down by tying their blankets and sheets together. John Callaghan otherwise Jack-a-boy, a most notorious offender, and one Linehan under sentence of transportation, escaped ; but the third was retaken under a boat on one of the quays. Oct. 26. — At five o'clock this day the lord lieutenant and his suite arrived here from Doneraile, and the duchess of Rutland in an hour after. They were conducted to the house of Broderick Chinnery, esq. the streets through which they passed being lined with troops. At 2 o'clock the following day, his excellency was waited on by the mayor, sheriffs, recorder, aldermen and burgesses, with the keys of the city, &c. and an address was read by the recorder in the name of the corporation, after which his excellency conferred the honor of knighthood on John Frankhn the mayor, with whom he dined at the mansion house. On the same day, the bishop and the clergy of the diocese waited on his excel- lency ; and on the 28th, the merchants of this city did the same. On the 31st his excellency conferred the honor of knighthood on John Haly, M. D. and Richard Kellet, jun. after which he examined the cotton manufactory of Henry Sadleir and Co. on Morrison's Island, with which he was highly pleased ; he then went to see the process of making up beef and pork, at the stores of Vaughan, Hamilton and Co. where he and his suite condescended to cat beef-steaks dressed cellar fashion ; on the same day his excellency dined with the merchants at the King's arms tavern, after which he and the duchess went to the assembly. On the 1st of November Joseph Gray, esq. was knighted by his excel- lency. During his stay in the south, he also conferred the honor of knighthood on James Carthy, sovereign of Kinsale, and on three military gentlemen. Dec. 7 — A large part of a rock, back of Mr. Newenham's house in the North Abbey fell down, which entirely destroyed his stables, and buried three horses in its ruins. 192 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A. D. Dec. 30. — The noted Jack-a-boy returned once more to this 1785 city. 1786 An act was passed, whereby, after reciting that in consequence of the property of the trees on the lled-houso walk not being vested in any person or body, ill-disposed persons were in the habit of cutting and hacking their trunks and preventing their growth, with impunity, it was enacted, that the property of the trees then planted, or hereafter to be planted thereon, should be vested in the mayor, sheriffs, and common council of this city, and their successors. An act was passed for building a bridge over the northern channel of the river Lee, below North bridge. Jan. 3. — Sir James Fitz-Patrick, a gentleman of distinguished philanthropy arrived in this city, after having made a tour through a great part of this kingdom, for the purpose of visiting the prisons. On the 4th he made a very minute inspection of the gaols of this city and county, in which he discovered many deficiencies and very great abuses. On the 5th and 6th he was entertained by the mayor and sheriffs ; and on the 7th was waited on at his lodgings by the Cork society for the relief and discharge of confined debtors, who presented to him, inelegant binding, the printed account of their proceedings from their first institution, with an address delivered by their secretaiy the llev. Francis Orpen. 23. — At a meeting held in the vestry room of St. Paul's church, the parishioners entered into several resolutions for the purpose of preserving the peace, one of which was to establish an association to attend each night in rotation, to patrol through the parish. Fch. 14. — Mr. William Spread and his brother, passing by Kilcondy pound, and seeing there one hundred horses with bridles and saddles which, they conceived must have been left there by the White boys, immediately liberated them, and searching the house near the pound, they found one cwt. of gunpowder, and a large quantity of duck shot and slugs, which they brought away with them. April 5. — A most singular claim was made in the county court-house by Sir James Carthy, sovereign of Kinsale, on behalf ofhimsclf and the burgesses of that town. The judge being in want CORK REMEMBRAXCEPw 193 of a respectable jury, the high sheriff in open court called on A.D. Sir James to attend. Sir James was a great deal embarrassed at first as his coiuisel was not in court, but at last he rose, and in a most respectful manner pleaded the honorable privilege conferred by charter on the sovereign and burgesses of Kinsale, exempting them from any" duty outside their walls, except when especially commanded by his majesty's writ. The judge was so pleased that he paid Sir James many compliments, but requested that a gen- tleman of his respectable station in society would be foreman to the jury then about to be sworn : whereupon Sir James com- plied with his request; counsel was however to have been heard as to the point of law. April 24. — The captain of one of the revenue cmisers on this coast gave information to the lords of the admiralty, that a fleet of about 200 I'rench vessels were in the habit of fishing for mac- kerel between Baltimore and Crookhaven, each vessel containing about 30 men. Their nets reached above two miles, so that our poor fishermen were obliged to be satisfied with the few straggling fish, which might happen to escape them. May 18. — Fevers raged in this city, which was attributed to the heaps of manure in the public streets. The newspaper of this day mentions that it was a constant practice for carriers to keep horses, without having the means of supporting ihem, and to go in such gangs with them into the fields adjoining this city, that sometimes in one night the meadow of a season was eaten down. 29. — This season being very dry, the poor inhabitants of this city suffered greatly from want of water. July 29. — A desperate skirmish took place between thirty of the volunteers and upwards of six hundred White-boys near Inchigelagh in this county, in which three of the latter were killed, two drowned in endeavouring to make their escape across the river, several wounded, and nine taken prisoners. Sept. 26. — A gentleman and his servant liberated between Macroom and this town two proctors, who were buried by the Whiteboys up to their chins since 12 o'clock the night before. Upon the holes in which they were placed being examined, glass and furze were found in the bottom. 194 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A.D. Sept. 29. — The mayor, the late mayor, the sheriffs, the late sheriffs, the aldermen, and burgesses, with the city regalia, went in processionto lay the new foundation of the new meat market, which was built on a large piece of ground purchased for that purpose. About this time the mayor established a letter box near the Exchange, to receive anonymous letters respecting nuisances in the city, Oct. 15. — Early this morning the king's post, with the Cork, and Kinsale mails for Dublin, was stopped at the lower end of Blackpool, by five men with slouched hats, one armed with a ^ drawn hanger, who threatened the postriders life, if he did not deliver up the mail instantly, which he did, when they made off with it towards Blarney lane. JVov. 1. — The noted Jack-a-boy and one Owen Daly, convicted of a riot in the city gaol, were whipped from south to north gate. 8. — A remarkable meteor was seen here this night, much brighter than the moon, and of double its diameter; It was of a white colour inclining to blue, had no tail, and was of aglobulor form not well defined ; it scattered luminous particles as it passed along, and when it burst, which happened about two seconds after its first appearance, it left a train behind, and a rumbling noise was at the same time heard resembling thunder, which continued from twenty to thirty seconds. After the meteor disappeared a luminous mist was observed, which gradually diffused itself through the whole atmosphere. 24. A parapet wall fell upon two houses near Goulnaspur, and buried the persons who slept in the back rooms. It was situated behind the houses upon a hill of earth, which had been washed away by the late heavy rains, by which means the foundation had been undermined. Dec. — The mayor and sheriffs gave directions for a irewly con- structed pillory, in which the criminal was to stand upright, and to be entirely exposed to view, and which was to move on a swivel, that the face during the time of punishment might be exhibited in every direction. 16. — A number of servants of the principal gentleman in this city were taken by the constables and peace officers in a club 1787 CORK REMEMBRANCER. 195 house in George's street where they were assembled, and com- A. D. " . . 17!30 mitted to Bridewell: such a degree of respectability had this place of resort attained to, that printed cards of invitation were regularly issued to the members on the nights of meeting. March 30. — A ball of fire fell from the clouds on a cabin near Castletown- roche, killed one man, and burnt six others dreadfully; a pig was also killed by it, and although buried several feet below the earth to prevent infection, the effluvia was so strong that it was not safe to come near the spot. June 2. — The mayor and corporation waited on lord chief justice Carleton, recorder of this city, to congratulate him on his arrival here, and on his late appointment. 4. — The king's birth-day, was observed in the usual manner. 18. — The celebrated Mr. Howard visited this city. 19. — The mayor was invested with a collar of SS and a gold chain, and the sheriffs with gold chains, which had been lately voted by the court of D'Oyer hundred. The former voluntarily passed his bond to the chamberlain for £500, with two joint sureties, conditioned for the safe delivering up of the collar and chain at the end of his year of office, to his successor. He caused them at the same time to be weighed with the invoice which had been sent with them from London, a copy of which was entered in the court of D" Oyer hundred book. The sheriffs also passed their bonds for £150 each, with two joint securities, under similar conditions. July 1. — Being the anniversary of the battle of the Boyne, the morning was ushered in by the ringing of bells; before noon the Blackpool cavalry assembled m Henry-street, opposite the Mansion house, and were soon after joined by the subtrading corporations, which associations had been discontinued for nearly thirty years. The procession marched in order to and from Church. 10. — A public dispensary for supplying the sick poor of this city with medical advice and medicines gratis, was established by benefactions and voluntary contributions. 22. — The mayor and corporation went in state to Glanmire church. 27. — There was constant and heavy rain, and on the following 196 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A_. D. (Jay a great flood in the river, by which a colher near Merchant's quay which was deeply laden, got her bows partly underwater, in consequence of the flood clearing away the gravel from luider her. The works on the marsh near the Mardyke, then in progress for a grist mill, were carried off. July 30. — The mayor gave directions to have the old draw- bridge taken down, and the timber of it sold by auction, as it was in a dangerous condition, and had become comparatively useless, by a great part of Patrick-street having been arched over. ^ug, 9. — Mr. Richard Rowland of Rathcooney, having gone to value the tithes of the parish of Whitechurch, left his horses in the care of a servant at Six-mile-bridge near New-grove. Dming his absence the man was attacked by twelve fellows, who dragged him through the river, and carried him into the most remote part of the mountains of New-grove, where they beat him severely, and afterwards bound him in such a manner that he must have perished, had not a man by chance met him at night-fall and released him. 30. — The mayor issued orders to prevent bells from being rung at auctions. Sept. 9. — Three men under sentence of transportation ran out of the city gaol upon the door being opened ; two of them were however stopped by the centinel on the bridge, but the other made his escape. 22. — As one of the sub- constables for the barony of Barrymore, and a corporal of the 47th regiment of foot, were conducting one Kelly to the county gaol, they were attacked at Dixon's glen, near upper Glanmire, by a riotous mob, consisting of sixty or seventy men, who endeavoured to rescue Kelly; they were all armed with muskets, blunderbusses and pistols, and were well supplied with ammunition, and kept up a constant running fire for about three miles with the corporal's party, who having alsokcptup a constant fire upon the rioters, expended all their ammunition except one round. They could not, however, do much execution, as the day was very wet, and as the rioters concealed themselves inside the hedges and ditches on each side of the road. One of Kelly's sons leaped into the road, fired at the party and wounded CORK REMEMBRANCER. ' 197 one of tlie soldiers in the arm, but was immediately shot dead by A.D. 11 1787 tile corporal, Sept. 22. — All order of council was passed, empowering the mayor to have the different streets, lanes, alleys, quays, &c. named, and the houses numbered, previous to the survey of this city then taking. 24. — At a meeting of the citizens held at the council-chamber, it was resolved that a memorial should be presented to the lord lieutenant to establish mail coaches between Dublin and Cork, and between Cork and Waterford. 26. — Three felons in the south gaol, under sentence of transpor- tation, escaped from their dungeon through the sewer, and getting into the river at low water, waded across to the north side, with bar-bolts on them. They were afterwards taken. Oct. 1. — This day the mayor and sheriffs were sworn into office; after which the corporation, with the city regalia and an elegant band of music, and the sub-corporations, walked to the north and south gates, which being locked, the keys were given by the late to the new mayor, who opened them. On their return to the Exchange the late mayor was placed in an elegant chair with a canopy of laurels, and carried by his fellow-citizens to the extremity of the city, amid loud and sincere plaudits. The procession continued till ten at night, during which time the mayor continued with his hat off, bowing to all ranks and orders of the people ; several houses were brilliantly illuminated, and a great number of flambeaux, which were provided by the citizens, added to the brilliancy of the scene. The ridiculous custom of throwing bran was dropped, a practice which had continued from time immemorial. Nov. — A desperate conspiracy to blow up with gunpowder the criminal side of the north gaol was discovered ; holes had been bored in the walls by the prisoners, and the window was loosened. Nine pounds of gunpowder was to have been conveyed to them. Dec. 2. — HisB-oyal Highness prince William Henry arrived in Cork harbour on board his majesty's ship the Pegasus, and the following evening landed from a barge at the Grand Parade, on which he walked, accompanied by general Patterson, colonel s 198 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A- D. St. George, and the town major. He dined with a select party at the 1787 Bush tavern, and shewed himself frequently at the windows to the people, who were assembled outside, and in whose hearing he drank prosperity to Ireland and to the trade of Cork, and after- wards ordered plenty of porter for the people. In the evening he went to the assembly, and danced with the lady of colonel St. George, Miss Fitter, Miss Kellet, lady Haly, and Mrs. Armstead. The mayor and corporation waited on his Royal Highness, when the recorder requested him to permit his name to be enrolled amongst the freemen of Cork, to which he assented; the town- clerk, thereupon, presented him with his freedom in a gold box, and the recorder read an address on the part of the corporation. On the 5th the Protestant clergy addressed him, after which, attended by the earl of Shannon, Sir Henry Mannix, Bart, colonel St. George and Broderick Chinnery, Esq. he went to view the spacious concerns of Messrs. Hamilton, Lynch and Co. where he eat a beef-steak off the head of a barrel. On the 7th addresses werepresentedby the merchants and by the quakers, and on the 1 1th the bishop and clergy of the diocese of Cloyne waited on him at the seat of the earl of Shannon, with an address, after which the clergy were severally presented to his Royal Highness. On the 15th he returned to this city, after having made an excursion to Castlemartyr, Drumanagh, Curraghmore and Waterford, and dined with the merchants the same evening, after which he atten- ded the concert at the assembly rooms ; and on the following day was presented with an address by the high sheriff, who was attended by the earl of Shannon, lord Kinsale, Sir James Fitz-Gerald, Sir Nicholas Colthurst, Bart. Sir James Cotter, Bart, and a great number of other respectable gentlemen. On the 18th the dissenters presented an address, after which his Royal Highness reviewed the diflferent regiments in garrison here, and on the 19th returned to his ship. On the 27th he arrived at Plymouth. During his passage from Cork, a thunder storm broke over the ship so violently as to tear some of the sails and shiver the main-mast.« 1788 Jan. — Between six and seven o'clock this evening, a private in the 9th regiment was barbarously houghed, when passing over Wandesford's bridge. June 9. — A most daring mob, to the number of one thousand CORK REMEMBRANCER. _ 199 persons, armed with swords, bludgeons and sticks, ran from the A"^* north to the south end of the town, crying out " a mad bull," cntenng several shops that sold cast clothes, taking and destroying the same, and where the goods were removed, beating the shop- keepers. Their depredations were however trifling until they came to the house of Mr. Flpi, a tobacconist and old clothes man in the South Main-street, whose porter they maltreated when endeavour- ing to shut up the shop, which they entered and threw out all the goods to their companions, to the amount of above sixty guineas, and, had it not been for the spirited exertions of the sheriffs, aldermen. Sir John Franklin, and several peace officers, who brought a guard of the army, it is impossible to tell what might have been the consequence. None of the rioters were taken, though they were pursued with the utmost expedition, as their retreat was as precipitate as their attack. July 25. — The foundation stone of St. Patrick's bridge was laid ; Mr. Michael Shanahan was the architect and contractor. August 1. — The new meat, fish, poultry, and vegetable mar- kets were opened in the city of Cork. Oct. 14 — Several houses in Dumbullogue parish were broken open by theWhite-boys, and all the horses in the village carried off. Dec. 5. — One Owen Eeagan ordered on his death bed that a piper should play before his corpse from his house to the grave, which was done this day, to the surprize and astonishment of a great number of spectators. When the corpse was laid in the grave a gallon of ale was thrown on the coffin, and the piper played a dirge during the entertainment. 14. — On this night and the following day there was a great fall of snow, which was succeeded by so severe a frost, that the south channel from Parliament bridge to the edge of Lapp's island was frozen, and the navigation of ships greatly impeded. Dec. 18. — The frost having continued, several persons were hardy enough to skait this day on the river in the south channel. Charity, working, and sunday schools, were established in 1759 Youghal. The Mall in Youghal was formed, and an elegant large square building erected thereon at the expense of the corporation, con- sisting of an assembly, card, coffee, and billiard rooms. 200 CORK REMEMBilANCEK. A-D. Jan. 12. — At the trial of captain Keightlcy in Cork, whicli 1789 . ^ ° . . took place about this time, Mr. Cvirran, counsel against the pn^ Boner, made use of the following expressions. "He has acted, gentlemen of the jury, like a ruffian, and I will prove him to your satisfaction to have acted so, and I shall affix infamy on his name as close as ever the regimentals stuck to his back. " These words the gentlemen of the bar contended that Mr. Curran was justified in using by the event (for the juiy found him guilty of co-operating with a party of soldiers, who were also convicted, of an attempt atassassination)and that no lawyers life could be safe for a moment if he Was obliged to fight every culprit, whom his exertions had brought to punishment, as soon as he had suffered the sentence of the law. On the other hand the gentlemen of the army con- tended that the words were such as no man of spirit, no man who honored the king's connnission could possibly submit to; that no event could justify or palliate antecedent expressions, which, however true they i-^iight be after conviction, were evidently at once premature and barbarous, and intended to bias the minds of the jury, and that they were satisfied that Mr. Curran's influence and exertions did produce that eifect, and that the verdict was dlearly partial. Mr. Curran however refused to meet captain Keightley, and considered the whole as a professional matter, wherein the safety ofevery lawyer in the kingdom was involved, and determined to punish him with the utmost extent of legal severity. The newspaper of this date, in which the circumstance is menti- oned, remarks, "end as this aff'air may, we trust it will be the means of stopping that torrent of low scurrility, which has much too long overflowed the Irish bar, for we have no conception that, because a man wears a white wig, black gown, and speaks before a judge, he is therefore at liberty to violate every rule of good manners, every feeling of honour, and every decency of life." 17. — This day the city exhibited a spectacle dreadful to behold. Aheavy fall of rain began on the previous day, and continued with- out intermission during the night, and having dissolved the snow up the country, the river thundered down with the rapidity of a mountain torrent, broke every boundary and overflowed the entire city between the gates. It rushed through the streets and ave- nues with the most impetuous violence, and by four o'clock had CO UK REMEMBRANCER. 201 completely deluged all the flat parts from the Mansion-house to A. D. Cold harbour. In most places it was near five feet, in many parts seven feet high^ and continued rising until seven o'clock at nighty at wliich hour it remained stationary for some time, about nine it happily began to subside, and at three o'clock the following morning returned within its usual limits. During this melancholy scene several boats plied in different streetsand lanes, many horse- men, and pei-sonsin carriages, would have been lost after night fall, had it not been obviated by the vigilance of the citizens, who held out lights to them, and cautioned them of the impending danger. The loss sustained by the inhabitants was very conside- rable. A cellar on the north Mall, a house at Baldwin's corner, and two in Globe lane were swept away, as were also the quays in many places, so as to render the situation of the hoixscs, parti- cularly on Bachelor's quay, truly alarming. A brig without any person on board, broke from her moorings at the Sand quay ,_ and,, coming with her broadside across the centre arch of the new bridge, threw it down and was herself completely destroyed, soon after the other arch came down. The north and south bridges received some injury, but stood immoveable. On Hammond's marsh boats plied as well as if they were in the main river. What vi^ould have been the event of this dreadful inundation, if the rain had continued for a few hours longer it is impossible to say ; for- tunately it ceased at a critical moment, and the wind shifting to the N. W.. cut short the tide, from which great apprehensions were entertained. No flood within many feet of this had ever been known or heard of in this city before or since. Considerable damage was sustained by many, but happily only one life was lost, (a man of the name of Noah.) On the following day (Sunday,) the mayor ordered the markets to be opened, as the inhabitants would liave been otherwise much distressed for provisions. The following is an extract of a letter from Macroom. "Great has been the damage done by the floods of the 17th in this neighbourhood, both to public and private property, the bridges of Inchigelagh and Crookstown, and the new bridge over the Scillane, near Macroom, are swept away, with the quay and. parapet wall on the lands of Coolcower. Feh. 23. — The Play-house was illuminated with patent lamps. 202 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A. D. March 6. — Illuminations andgeneralrejoicings for his majesty's restoration to health. %4pril 23. — Having been appointed as a day of public thanks- giving, the corporation, lord chief-justice Carleton, the brethren of the principal Cork knot of the order of St. Patrick, and all the troops then in the town, marched in grand procession from the Exchange to Chiist church, July 8. — His majesty's royal mail-coach, established by Messrs. Anderson, Fortescue, and O'Donoghue, (from Dublin to Cork) arrived this day for the first time with his majesty's mail. Sept. 29. — The key stone of the last arch of the new bridge was laid by the ancient and honorable societies of Freemasons of this city. The morning was ushered in with the ringing of bells; andan immense crowdhad assembled in the principal streets before eleven o'clock. At about twelve the procession of the different lodges, dressed with theirjewelsand the insignia of their respective orders, preceded by the band of the 51st regiment, moved thi-ough Castle-street, down the New-street called St. Patrick-street, and advanced to the foot of the new bridge, which was decorated on the occasion with the Irish standard, the union flag, and several other ensigns. Here they were saluted with nine cannon, the workmen, dressed in white aprons, hning each side of the bridge. The procession advanced up to the centre of the last arch, where they were received by the commissioners and the architect. The last key stone which had been previously sus- pended, and which weighed forty-seven hundred, was then instantly lowered into its berth, and the Bible, laid upon a large scarlet velvet cushion adorned with tassels and gold fringe, was placed upon it. Lord Donoughmore, as grand master, thereupon in due form gave three distinct knocks with a mallet. The commissioners were then called upon to mention the intended name of the bridge, which being communicated, the grand almoner of Munster emptied his chalice of wine upon the key stone, and the grand master, in the name of the ancient and honorable fraternity of free and accepted masons of the province of Munster, proclaimed it "St. Patrick's bridge." The whole body of masons then gave a salute of "three times three," which was returned by CORK REMEMBRANCER. 203 nine cheers of the populace and the firina: of nine cannon. After A.. D ? . 1789 this the procession marched over the bridge and its portculHs, and having surveyed them, were again sahited with nine cannon. Sept. 30. — At nine o'clock a most violent hurricane began, the wind at S.W., which blew a perfect storm until next morning. Several houses and chimneys were blown down, trees torn up by the roots, boats and lighters driven from their moorings^ and other injuries sustained. Jan. 28. — This morning a bull,, driven by a numerous mob ygo from Fair lane, was beaten through Mallow lane, the Main street &.C. no person was however hurt. Two of the principals in this revival of a custom disgraceful to humanity were taken up, and lodged in bridewell. May 9. — A hot press commenced at Cove, and in this city,, and every seaman, who could be met with, was impressed. June — ^At this time 1600 lamps were used in lighting the city. 1 7. — Abraham Morris, the unsuccessful candidate for this county, was chaired. The military bands attended the procession. July 22. — ^A meeting was held for the purpose of establishing Sunday schools in this city. Sept. 2. — The gateage and other tolls and customs belonging to the corporation of Cork were advertized to be set by public auction. 17. — The freedom of this city was voted by the corporation to Philip Corby, esq. commodore of bis majesty's fleet, and com- mander in chief on the Irish coast, to be presented in a silver box, as a public mark of their approbation of his conduct. Oct. 20. — His excellency the lord lieutenant arrived at Mitchelstown, and on the following day the high sheriff and town clerk of Cork, waited on him, to request the honor of his dining with the mayor and corporation. He accepted the invitation and conferred the honour of knighthood on Heniy Browne Hayes, one of the sheriffs. On the 25th, his excellency and suite arrived in Cork, having been met a little before two o'clock at some dis- tance from, and escorted to town, by a troop of cavalry then quar- tered here. The streets from the new bridge, along St. Patrick street, the Grand Parade, and as far as the bishop's palace, where his excellency and suite lodged, were lined by the troops, and .soon 204 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A_. I>- after his arrival he was waited on by the mayor and corporation , the? clergy, and the merchants, whom he received in the most polite manner, and conferred the honor ofknighthood on William Clarke, esq. His excellency dined atthe mansion house with the mayor and corporation, and at night honoured the assembly with his pre- sence. Duringhis stay here his excellency visited Spike Island, the seat of Nicholas Fitton, esq. and received a salute from the bat- teries and men of war. He named the fortifications erecting there "Fort Westmoreland," and gave the workmen 100 guineas upon leaving it. On his return he visited the cellars of Messrs. Fergusson and Co., and after taking a view of the city, dined at the king's arms with the merchants. On the 27th his excellency and suite set off for Dublin. JSTov. 25. — For some nights past, parties of soldiers, with their side arms, patrolled the streets, and robbed different gentlemen of their watches and money, and that at so early an hour as eight o'clock. There was more sickness in the city this winter, than had been known for many years past. A Sunday and daily school was opened on Hammond's marsh. This year the church at Youghal imderwent considerable repairs. 1791 Jan. 7. — Four persons broke into the house of Andrew Egan, at Mile-house, on the road to Blarney, with their faces blackened. After having candles lighted, they tied the whole family, seven in number, with small twine andthen'pi"Oceeded to rob the house of every thing valuable, but suspecting that there was something still concealed, one of the villains proposed to scald the family with boiling water, to extort a confession ; the motion how- ever was overruled by one of the accomplices. After this they quitted the house, and left the poor people in the greatest pain from the tightness of the cords, which nearly cut through the flesh. A little boy of nine years of age, who was fettered in bed, got to his father, and industriously with his teeth loosed him, and he in his turn untied the rest of the family. Feb. 27. — A felon, confined in the county gaol, rushed out when the latch was opened, and ran towards Hanover street, over Wandesfords' bridge, where the turnkey overtook him; upon this CORK REMEMBRANCER. 205 the villain snapped a pistol twice at him, which having missed p^- fire, he was immediately apprehended. Dec. 4. — ^The high sheriff convened the parishoners of Clon- drohid in order to represent to them the consequence of their nightly meetings, when with one voice they confessed their error, pledging themselves in the most solemn manner, never to have recourse to such practices in future, 6. — The insulating wall and guard-house for the intended gaol for the county of Cork was begun. Castle street was widened and the merchant's coffee room huilt. The Liuiatic Asylum was commenced, for which purpose near £200 was collected by a charity play, owing to the exertions of Richard Harris, the mayor. Jul// 30. — The marquis Townsend arrived in this city, and 1792 was waited on by the mayor, sherifis, and common council with an address. April 13. — There was a general illumination in this city, ^'^^ several beautiful transparent paintings expressive of loyalty, were exhibited in different parts of the town, and the night concluded with cveiy demonstration of joy for the different victories obtained over the French. On the 14th, the town of Cove was also grandly illuminated for the same joyful occasion. July 3. — A number of French prisoners having escaped from the prison at Kinsale, seized on a fishing boat and put off to sea. Aug. 17. — There was a most violent thunder storm, which tore up several ti'ees by the roots, and did much injury to the crops. Sept. 4. — Part of the barrack at Youghal was blown up by the explosion of two casks of gunpowder, by which accident several soldiers and other persons were much injured. Nov. 18. — Colonel Bernard obtained permission to raise a regiment of infantry, to consist of 654 men, including non-com- missioned officers : Sir William Clarke was appointed major. March 5. — About 300 men came from the Parish of White- 1794 church to Carrignavar to swear the people of that parish, upon which Mr. M'Carty recommended them to disperse, as he would otherwise be obliged as a justice of the peace to have them 206 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A.D. apprehended. On this they adjourned their meeting to a glen at some distance, where they had not remained long before they were surrounded by the light horse and a party of the militia, who took 18j prisoners and brought them into town, wiiere they were lodged in the South gaol. March 9. — Sir Heni-y Mannix, attended by a party of cavalry, made an extensive circuit through the parishes of Carrigtuohill and the Great Island, for the purpose of preventing illegal oaths from being administered, 10. — Adam Newman, Thomas Knolles, and the Reverend Mr. Meade, justices of the peace, went to Ballindeshig and Oyster- haven with a party of the Carlow militia, to disperse, an illegal meeting assembled there, when, after reading the riot act and advising them to disperse, one of the militia men having taken a drink at the brook, the insurgents threw stones at him and the justices ; upon which the militia were ordered to fire, which they did by tens until one hundred and eighty shots were discharged, by which three men and one woman were killed, and several persons wounded. 23. — A great concourse of people assembled at the chapel at Cove, and expressed to their pastor the parish priest, their contrition for having engaged in the late illegal proceedings, stating that they had been induced to act as they had done by a number of strangers, who had come into that parish to swear them. ^pril 29. — Illuminations and general rejoicings in Cork for the surrender of Martinico to his majesty's forces. May 25. — Several of the Louth militia had a serious riot in the North main-street and outside the gate with some citizens. They stabbed a few persons with bayonets; one man was obliged tojmnp into the river to avoid their fury. The timely appearance of Mr. Sharpe and Mr. Raymond, active peace officers, prevented more serious consequences ; they apprehended nine or ten of the militia and committed them to Bridewell. 15. — Illuminations, ringing of bells, and other demonstrations of joy, for lord Howe's victory over the French fleet. Juhj 30. — The cathedral bells, which had been silent for some years, were set ringing upon the arrival of bishop Stopford at his palace. CORK REMEMBRANCER. 207 Oct. 25. — Four Frenchmen escaped from their prison in A.D. Kinsale ; but after roaming about the country for two days, without obtaining the least assistance from the people, they were glad to return to their old lodorino-s. o o The quay leading to the Mardyke was at this time in so ruinous a state as to endanger the lives of the citizens. Dec. 3. — An order of court of D'Oyer hundred was passed for the erection of public ovens, to be used when the bakers should not think proper to supply the citizens with bread of the legal size ; and ground near the corn market was ordered to be taken for that purpose. Feh. 9. — David Perrier one of the city sheriffs, and Strettell 1795 Jackson common speaker, presented the freedom of this city to the lord lieutenant in a gold box at Dublin castle ; his excellency conferred the honor of knighthood on the former. At the same time a deputation from the merchants waited on his excellency with an address, when one of them Patrick O'Connor was knighted by his excellency. May 27. — The Downshire militia were marched out of the town, as they and the towns people were not likely to continue on peaceable terms. June 4. — Some persons attempted to mutilate and destroy the statue of king George II on the Grand Parade : a reward of £400 subscribed by different gentlemen, was offered for the apprehension and prosecuting to conviction of the offenders. ^ug^ 20. — The lord lieutenant conferred the honor of knight- hood at Dublin castle upon Robert Hedges of Mount-Hedges, high sheriff of this county. Sept. 3. — Five companies of the 105th or Leeds volunteer regiment, (the remainder being in Kinsale,) and the 113th or Birmingham regiment having been ordered on the Grand Parade, to be drafted into other regiments, the 105th refused to comply, and having been joined by the 113th On the following day, they paraded several times. In the evening they marched to the north suburbs, where they got into an empty house and out offices, and remained there until five the next morning, at which hour they marched to the Parade, where they were repeatedly advised to submit by the generals, but to no purpose. At ten they marched 208 COKK liEMEMBUANCEn. A. D. off, but came back at twelve o'clock, when most of the 113th submitted. The alarm in the town was very great; two field pieces however were brought from the magazine, and the 7th dra- goons, and the Louth and Meath militia soon surrounded them in such a mannerthattheygrotmded their armsandsubmitted. Alarge number of the ringleaders were taken into custody, to be tried by a coiirt martial. Some of them produced advertisements, which were published upon their being enlisted, promising that they should not be drafted, but that the survivors should be disbanded, at the end of the war, in the places where they were raised. To the eternal honor of these unfortunate men, though nine hundred of them were in distress and in arms for three days, they were not guilty of the least excess towards the citizens' persons or property. 5. — Earl Camden, the lord lieutenant, arrived at Castlemartyr, the residence of the earl of Shannon. On the following day, (Sunday,) he was waited on by the corporation of Youghal, and on Monday his excellency, attended by lord Boyle and othere, rode to Cove, where he went on board admiral Kingsmill's schooner, and proceeded to view the harbour and forts, attended by the admiral and general Vallancey. His excellency received a salute of nineteen guns from the different batteries and ships as he passed, and then proceeded to Midleton to view^ the extensive and flourishing cloth manufactory established there by Mr. Lynch, inside the gates of which the earl of Kingston had previously drawn up his regiment of Roscommon militia, who received his excellency with arms presented and flying colours ; at half-past five his excellency returned to lord Shannon's to dinner. On the 9th the sheriffs of Cork waited on his excellency with an invitation to this city, which he accepted, and on the evening of the 1 1th arrived there. Shortly after a levee was held at the man- sion-house, when the mayor and corporation addressed him, as did also the lord bishop of Cork and Ross and the clergy. At night the city was illuminated, and at about 8 o'clock his excellency quitted town, escorted by the 7th dragoon guards. Oct. 11. — Serjeant Mulhall of the lOoth, and some others who had been concerned in the lat3 mutiny, escaped from the Bridewell of this city, previous to their undergoing the punishment CORK REMEMBRANCER. 2U9 thovMVcre to have received for the offence. It was sakl that tlic A.l). •^ . . 17'Jo freemasons, to which body he belonged, were concerned in his escape. Qct^ 20. — A school-house in Castle-Lvons was throw'n down by the falling of a building adjoining, by which eleven children were killed, and several had their limbs broken. Jan. 27. — At between twelve and one o'clock a thunder-storm 1795 commenced : the lightning struck the main-mast of a large new brig, lying in the dock at Coppinger's corner and shattered it to pieces. So violent was the effect of the lightning that splinters of the mast were cast many hundred yards off in various directions, and several of them were forced through the slates of the adjoining houses, the windows of which were entirely shattered by the violence of the explosion. jipril 28. — -The foundation stone of a Roman Catholic chapel was laid in Bandon. Sept. 10.— A number of French prisoners confined in Kinsale, attempted to escape through the sewer of the prison ; but being pursued, five of them were taken the next day at Innoshannon, Dec. 14. — A French fleet, consisting of 18 sail of the line, 14 frigates, 5 large transports, and some small vessels, sailed, from Brest with 25,000 troops. The signal having been given for sailing out through the Passage de Raz, La Fraternite fri- gate, with the admiral and general Hoche on board, and a few other ships succeeded ; but it was by the Passage de Flotes that the greater part of the fleet bore out to sea, and the first division - being unable to join them, in consequence of a gale of wind coming on, the admiral's vessel was separated from the rest of the fleet. Several of the ships were wrecked ; the remainder came within view of the Irish coast in three days, but having mistaken the Durseys for the Mizenhead,didnotreachBantry-bayuntilthe 24th. On the morning of the 23d, the people of Cork were thrown into consternation by accounts which arrived of a large fleet having been seen off Bantry. The militia and fencible regi- ments were immediately despatched to this town, whilst the loyal Cork legion and the Cork volunteers got under arms, and a detachment of cavalry from both escorted the artillery to Bandon, and other parties of them went off to the different towns of 210 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A. D. Munster, to order iii the military quartered there. All the citizens capable of carrying arms enrolled themselves amongst the yeomanry, and a determined resolution to resist the invaders seemed to pervade every class of the population. On the 24th the French fleet consisting of seven ships of the line, and two ships armte enjiute, besides frigates and transports, making in the whole seventeen sail, anchored in the bay. Lieutenant Prosheau a French officer, with eight men, was driven on shore in a boat, in an attempt to leave one of the vessels which had been dismasted in the late storm. Being taken prisoners by the peasantry, they were sent" to Cork, and from thence to Dublin, to be examined before the privy council. The French fleet remained in the bay until the 27th, when they quitted their station without having made any further attempt to land, and on the 28th the last division sailed out of the bay. On the 30th,* four ships of sixty-four guns, three frigates, two razures, and two corvettes, with some transports, sailed into the bay and landed about five hundred men on Whiddy island, but not for the purpose of invasion, as it afterwards appeared that they were convalescent troops, who were sent there for their health, and had paid forsuch provisions as they required. On the 2d January there were thirteen ships at anchor across the mouth of the bay, from Beer island to Sheep head, of which two were line of battle ships, six other ships lay south-west of the island of Whiddy, and one a league from Bantry. At about two o'clock in the day abrig, having worked up the bay from the principal fleet, made a signal to these ships, which was returned by a shot from one of them. They * Extract of a letter from colonel White, dated Bantry, Dec. 30th 1796. "A lugger this day came to anchor back of Whiddy island full of men, eight of my tenants went on board with provisions, and were detained. An American brig came to anchor before the house this instant, she saw two French frigates, one of twenty guns, the larger at anchor near Beer island, the frigates fired at her — they are at anchor with the lugger — they have a small English brig — no otlier ships in our bay — the rest must be disposed of; I went to Whiddy to see the lugger, she cannot be so mad as to land. 5 o'clock at night — what we thought were frigates are two sixty-fours, they appear as if they were in an engagement from the shattered condition of their bowsprits and rigging, and this from the report of our naval officer — they are at anchor at the north side of the island. This instant admiral E]phinstone and Hull's dispatches are that a French forty gun frigate three hundred and forty-six seamen, with two hundred and thirty soldiers on board is wrecked at Barley- cove, only seven saved. If Kingsmill could send any force to Elphinstone they would be taken, all the country-people are prepared with pikes, spades, &c. and will do their best. CORK REMEMBRANCER. 211 then set fire to a prize which they had taken, and five of them •'V^* weighed anchor and sailed down the bay, leaving two ships of the line behind them which appeared to be disabled. On the 3d none of the ships were visible except these last mentioned vessels. Previous to their leaving the bay a council of war was held, and the troops had decided for landing under the guidance of some Irishmen who were with them, but La Fraternite the admiral's ship being still missing, and general Hoche being on board, they resolved to put to sea. On the 15th Paris papers were received, which announced the total failure of this expedition. The great- est loyalty was exhibited by the country-people on this occasion, they received the troops who marched to Bantry in the kindest manner, sharing their provisions with them. In their absence the loyal Cork legion and Cork volunteers, mounted the different guards in the city of Cork. Dec. 27" — During a heavy gale of wind, three vessels having broken their moorings, were dashed with violence against Patrick's bridge; one of them had her stern fixed in the centre arch, and part of the portcullis was injured. Jan. — The Hon. and Eev. Thomas St. Lawrence, Dean of 1797 Cork, and the Right Rev. Dr. Francis Moylan, were presented with their freedom of this city in silver boxes. Sept. 4. — A lighter laden with coalsbroke from her moorings, and was driven against one of the cut-waters of St. Patrick's bridge, by which she received such injury as caused her to sink. 20. — The lord lieutenant arrived in this city from Bantry, escorted by the Yeoman cavalry and some troops of horse ; his excellency conferred the honor of knighthood on Vosian Pick, mayor. In the evening the town was illuminated, and his excellency honored the theatre with his presence ; after which he was escorted by two troops of horse to Dunkettle, the head quarters of general Dalrymple. JSTov. 14 — An explosion took place in one of the rooms of the old barrack, by which some of the soldiers were severely burnt; but by theassistance of the fire engines, the fire was soon extinguished. This being the year of the Irish rebellion, the entire of the 1798 county of Cork was proclaimed by the lord lieutenant on the 16di of April. 212 CORK REMEMBRANCEU. A.D. June 17. — Seventeen prisoners were brought to town from 1798 Bantry and its neighbourhood, charged with treason ; they were escorted by the Bandon yeomanry. Oct. 5. — General ilkiminations in this city for lord Nelson's victory over the French fleet at the Nile. iVou. 1. — This morning there was a most violent storm, by which a house in Post-office lane was thrown down, and a woman was blown into the water course and drowned : a number of houses were unroofed and trees were torn up by the roots. 1799 Jati. 27. — An armed mob attacked the bridewell of Mitchels- town, and liberated some prisoners confined there. 28. — There were bonfires and general rejoicings in this city for the rejection of the act of union by the Irish parliament. March 16. — General Lake gave directions for all persons in this county to post upon their doors a list of the inhabitants in each house, and that no person on any pretext whatever should be absent from his house, during the hours between eight o'clock at night and sunrise, and that any persons not complying with these directions, should be made prisoners, and immediately sutler what- ever punishment a court martial might adjudge. Mai/ 9. — The body of a deserter, who had been shot, was exposed suspended to a lamp iron, as a public spectacle of shame until the following evening, when it was buried. Jic7ie 20. — Preparations were made for a considerable encamp- ment at Monkstown. June 22. — One Kidney died in this city at the age of 150 years. He remembered when Blarney-lane was a forest, and connected with Dunscombe's wood. ^H(/. 3. — The marquis Cornwallis, lord lieutenant of Ireland, accompanied by lords Brome and Longuevillc, and colonel Littlehales arrived here from Castlemary; they were met at Glanmireby detachments from the loyal Cork legion cavalry and Berwick horse, and a great concourse of spectators, who unhar- nessed the horses from his carriage, and drew him to his lodgings on the Terrace, amidst shouts of joy. Sept. — Nile-street was arched over. Oct. 10. — It was the practice to hunt dogs through the streets of this city, which was complained of in this day's paper. CORK REMEMBRANCER. 213 JVov. 4. — In the Hibernian Chronicle of this date, appears A. D. the following paragraph, " last Saturday, departed this life, to the great joy of the Croppies, Laurence Kelly, finisher of the law for the City and County of Cork." 6.— The Bridewell in Mitchelstown was broken open, and three persons confined there for debt, liberated. 1 1 . — In consequence of a statement sent up to government by the council of this city, the further exportation of potatoes, which had been advanced to an immoderate price in our market, was prohibited by a proclamation from his excellency the lord lieutenant, in consequence of which, a large quantity,which were this day to have been shipped, were countermanded, until further instructions should arrive from the privy council. Dec. 7. — A tremendous fire broke out in the Eed Abbey sugar-house, which raged with unabating fury until the next day, by which, property to a large amount was consumed. 19. — Between 3 and 4 o'clock this morning, a party of ruffians attacked a house in the neighbourhood of Bridgemount, near Macroom, and forcibly carried off" a young woman, who had lodged informations against some cow stealers. Jan.— A house was taken in Hanover street for a Lying-in Hospital. 9. — One Roche, a prisoner, who had broken out of the new gaol, surrendered to the military power at Lismore, and was brought back to this city, under an escort of a detachment of the Glentworth dragoons. .April 23. — There was a public dinner at the Bush tavern, lord Riversdale in the chair, when a petition to his majesty against the Union was introduced, previous to the conviviality of the day. At a meeting of the city Grand Jury, held during the Spring Assizes in the city Grand Jury room, it was resolved unanimously, *' that the sentiment of the city of Cork in favor of a Legislative Union with Great Britain, has already been expressed in the most decided and unequivocal manner, and that the ineffectual efforts, which have been made to represent this city as entertaining a contrary sentiment, afford to us the most decisive evidence, T 1800 214 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A. D, that the great majority of our fellow-citizens, in point of wealth, loyalty, and steady attachment to the constitution, still continue to approve of the measure." The foregoing resolution was also signed by the mayor, sheriffs, and common speaker, in testimony of their approbation of the same. May 12. — The current price of coals was, at this time, from 8s. 8d. to 9s. 9d. per barrel. George Charles JefFereys, and William Edward Penrose, Esqrs. set out from this city for London, to present a petition to his majesty, against the measure of a Legislative Union, signed by five thousand freemen, freeholders, merchants, traders and manufacturers. 23. — In consequence of it having been the custom for soldiers to seize cars, bringing provisions to this city, the mayor applied to major-general Myers, who promised that any person, so offending, should receive instantaneous punishment, upon complaint being made to the mayor, sheriffs, or the major-general himself. June 4. — Being the anniversary of the king's birth day, was observed with the usual demonstrations of joy. 8. — One of the mills of the gunpowder manufactory, near this city, blew up, but though the explosion was felt at a very considerable distance, no person was hurt, nor did the manufac- tory suffer any material loss or impediment to its operations, as the accident was confined to one spot. 23. — This day two French sailors and an officer were escorted into town by a detachment of the Berwick cavalry ; they were taken at Clonakilty, and belonged either to a French frigate or privateer ; they were after landing from a boat to procure fresh water. 28. — The troop ships which had been for some time stationed at Cove, sailed from thence this evening, with the 31st and 63d regiments on board, bound on the secret expedition. Juhj 10. — Extract of a letter from Bandon, which was inserted in the Hibernian Chronicle of this date: — "the loyalty of this town never appeared more conspicuously than on the glorious CORK REMEMBRANCER. 215 first of July. The windows decked out with green boughs, A. D. variegated with flowers and orange liUes, were beautifully romantic, and appeared, at a distance, as so many hanging gardens, while the mind was awfully impressed at the sight of those royal culprits, king James and queen Mary, who were hanged, shot at, and consigned to the flames, as they ought to be. The spectators beheld with pleasing astonishment, king William, placed on the spire of one of the churches, majestically moving in the air, riding over a salmon, painted orange colour, with purple fins." " The battle of the Books, so humourously described by Swift, was nothing to the real battle, that took place between the caps ; in the beginning, the country women, who were accustomed to pluck the sheep, had by far the advantage, when a reinforcement coming down to the orange girls, victory was soon decided in their favour, when caps, ribbons, and hair were plentifully scattered about." July 12. — An aflTray took place between a number of the labouring inhabitants of Ross Carberyand a body of Orangemen, in which several persons were wounded. 20. — A number of ruffians who had assembled in the neigh- bourhood of Glanville, which had of late been much disturbed at night, were surprised and made prisoners. ^ug. 4. — The poor families of the union of Aghada, returned thanks, in the Hibernian Chronicle of this date, to Mr. Fitzgerald of Corkbeg, three hundred of whom owed their daily support to him for several months ; one of his children assisting to see them plentifully supplied at his own residence. 23. — A most dreadful fire broke out in Cat lane, by which fifty thatched houses were destroyed. Sept. 9. — Admiral Kingsmill gave a grand entertainment at Scraggs' hotel, to the merchants of this city, JVov. — The escort of dragoons, which attended the Irish mail coaches, was ordered to be augmented. General Barber visited Bantry, to inspect the forts, &c. 21. — Admiral sir Alan Gardner arrived at Cove, to take the command of the fleet on the Irish station. 216 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A. D. Dec. 9. — This night a most alarming fire broke out, and destroyed, with all the goods in it, the tallow-house of Mr. Hawkes, in the South-main-street. 1801 Jan. 1. — Being the first day of the union between Great Britain and Ireland, the garrison of this city, consisting, for the most part, of foreign mercenaries, assembled at 12 o'clock this morning on Lapp's Island, where the imperial union flag was displayed, and fired a salute of twenty-one rounds in honour of it, it was afterwards prefixed to a coronet, and drawn by a train of artillery and placed at the lower end of the Grand Parade. 24. — A fleet of 150 merchantmen sailed from this harbour. Feb. — By order of the lord lieutenant and privy council, foreign flour was admitted free of duty. 24. — Provisions being at this time very dear, a number of starving artists and labourers collected in the northern suburbs, but upon being recommended to disperse, they selected a deputation, which attended at the mansion house, and piteously lamented the want of employment, and the enormous price of provisions. General Myers, who was present, exhorted them to behave peaceably, and their wants should be taken into consideration. In consequence a committee was appointed to procure a regular supply of corn in the public markets, to examine into the high price of provisions, and consider how far the evil might be remedied, to provide additional soup-houses, and to ascertain who required assistance. The corn-holders and millers also came forward, and pledged themselves not to permit any grain to be sent from the city. March 5. — In the Hibernian Chronicle of this date, it was stated, that there had not been a boy in St. Stephen's, or the Blue coat hospital for two years past, in consequence of the income of the charity being spent in repairing the building. 12. — General Champayne was presented with his freedom by the provost and corporation of Bandon. Jutie 4. — Being the king's birth day, the imion flag was displayed on the Grand Parade; at noon the troops fired ajeu de joie, preceded by twenty-one rounds of cannon, discharged by CORK REMEMBRANCER. 217 the artillery on Lapp's island, and the day concluded with every A. D. . ,. / ^ ^ ^ 18U1 demonstration oi joy. 30. — Joseph America, a private of baron Hompesch's regiment, having been tried by a court martial for disobeying orders and firing at his serjeant, was shot at the Mardyke field. He received death with great firmness. Juhj. — The Wexford militia arrived in this city to replace the Dutch troops. ^ug. 5. — The corporation elected the Rev. Alexander Kennedy, curate of Christ Church, their chaplain, in place of the Rev. Henry Sandiford, who had resigned. 12. — ^There was a grand oratorio in Christ Church. iSept. 7. — This day the toll of St. Patrick's bridge for one year was sold by auction for £1400. 8. — ^The lord lieutenant issued a proclamation, commanding all persons in the maritime towns to drive and remove all cattle and stock to a depot in the interior, to be appointed for their reception, in case they were required to do so by the commander of the district. 21. — A gate was ordered to be placed on the Red-house walk, and a porter's lodge to be erected near it, to prevent any horses from passing, except those of the military, or of such persons as had pasture grounds above the gate, who were allowed to lead them. Oct. 7. — A general illumination, in consequence of the preliminaries for peace between Great Britain and France having been signed. 21. — A proclamation issued, permitting malting and distillation from Jan. I, 1802. 23. — The city convicts, who were lodged in the new county gaol, broke through the prison wall, and nearly efiected their escape. ^ov. 29. — A woman was found dead in Grafton's alley, supposed to have been murdered in the night by some soldiers ; her skull was fractured, and her body was almost naked. uijjril 11. — A man fell into the dock of the South-mall, a 18J2 short distance below the termination of the part lately filled. 218 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A. D. In this year the Royal Cork InstiUition was founded by 1803 J J J subscription amongst private gentlemen of the city and county, for diffusing the knowledge, and facilitating the introduction of all improvements in the arts and manufactures, and for teaching, by lecture, the application of science to the coiumon purposes of life. The obvious usefulness of such an institution recommended it to the favorable consideration of government, and in 1807 the proprietors obtained a royal charter of incorporation, and a parliamentary grant of £2000 per annum ; for several years, lectures were annually given on natural history, natural philosophy, chemistry, botany, mineralogy, and other useful branches of science; but in 1830 the grant was withdrawn and the lectures consequently discontinued ; on withholding the grant government presented to the proprietors, the old custom-house, a large building in Nelson-place, subject to a rent of £Q5 per annum, to which the crown was previously liable ; there are at present, belonging to the institution, museums of natural history and mineralogy, and a scientific and medical library, containing more than five thousand volumes. Jan. 17. — A sailor walked over the Coal-quay from Harper's lane into the river, and was drowned. Feb. — ^The new Theatre was opened in Patrick-street, after having been considerably altered. March 14. — An address to his Majesty was voted by the corporation on his escape from a treasonable conspiracy. There was a very hot press in this city, when several seamen were obtained. 15. — A proclamation was issued for calling out the militia of Ireland, in consequence of the preparations then carrying on in the ports of France and Holland. 22. — The issuing of press warrants having, by the consterna- tion into which the people were thrown, put stop to labour in the vicinity of the harbour, commodore Domett gave notice that none but seamen should be impressed. In consequence of an application from the mayor, the lord lieutenant directed commodore Domett, to permit all boats, em- ployed in supplying this city with provisions, to pass free without any hindrance from the press gangs. CORK REMEMBRANCER. 219 ^pril\. — ^Thc loyal Cork legion paraded in Patrick street ; A. D. their appearance was military and respectable. 16. — An influenza prevailed in this city. May 9. — It was mentioned in a Cork newspaper of this date, that a practice of stripping children was very prevalent here. 11. — Several articles of wearing apparel, which were inde- cently hung upon the railing round the statue, on the Grand Parade, were seized by the sheriffs. The freedom of this city was granted to Oliver Carleton, of Darling-hill, co Tipperary. 15. — The Yeomanry of this city were inspected by captain Palmer, the Brigade Major of the district, and, notwithstanding the length of time since they had been on duty, presented a soldier- like appearance. 16. — It was mentioned in this day's paper, that the state of the pavement in the Main-street and on Parliament-bridge was truly alarming. 20, — Commodore Domett was commanded to prevent the sailing of vessels from this harbour until further orders. Camp equipage for 11,U00 infantry and a proportionate number of cavalry, was ordered to be prepared immediately in this district. Our City Regiment of Militia was reviewed by Gen. Myers. June 4. — At a numerous and respectable meeting of the noblemen, gentlemen, clergy, and freeholders of this county, convened by the High Sheriff; It was resolved," that a subscrip- tion be entered into, to give additional bounties to such seamen as would voluntarily enter into his Majesty's naval service." 5. — A woman in a fit of insanity leaped from the cliff near the Holy Ground at Cove, with an infant in her arms, and was dashed to pieces on the rocks, the child was not injured. 8. — The Corporation voted an address to his Majesty. 11 — The Sheriffs presented Commodore Domett, with the freedom of this city in a silver box. July 4. — Barracks for 2,000 men were taken at Bandon. 13. — The mayor, having received from the Lord Lieutenant the heads of the act of parliament for raising an army of reserve 220 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A. D. to serve in the united kingdom for five years, or until six months 18U3 after peace, and having ascertained that the number to be raised by this City was 280 men, issued a proclamation diiefcting the constables to take measures for more speedily obtaining the necessary supply of men. 24. — Upwards of two hiuidred persons, including several gentlemen of the first respectability, offered themselves as recruits to the Loyal Cork Legion. Aug. 7. — A female was dreadfully wounded in the face, in Bridge-Street, by a young man to whom she addressed herself, and who fired at her with a gun loaded with shot. The fellow was secured, but afterwards rescued by the populace. 9. — A barrel of gunpowder in one of the waggons used for conveying it from the manufactory to the place of export,in passing down George's-street, became so loose that the powder fell in a train along the street, and one of the car horses having struck fire with his shoes, the powder on the ground became ignited and blew up ; no further injury was done^ but great consternation was caused in the neighbourhood of the explosion. 24. — A presentment for filling up the dock near the old Custom house, which had been a gross and pernicious nuisance, was passed by the grand jury. Sept. 1. — A letter of this date appeared in the Mercantile Chronicle, claiming the Earldom of Bearhaven, and deducing a long genealogy in support of it ; it was signed Honora O'Sullivan. 4. — Between 2 and 3' clock this morning, eight houses and a forge on the lands of Callas, in the parish of Inniscarra, were set on fire by a set of villains and consumed. The Muskerry corps, commanded by Capt. Warren, succeeded in apprehending seven persons. 27 — A plowing match took place at a field given by Mr. McCarthy of Patrick-street ; the competitors were not so numerous as was expected. Though the long continuance of dry weather rendered the work almost impracticable, yet the plowmen evinced a skill and knowledge of their business, which gave great satisfaction to the numeroiis spectators. Oct. 1 . — As two men were employed in deepening the well- CORK REMEMBRANCER. 221 shaft on Windmill-hill, by blasthia; the rock at the bottom, the A. D. powder became ignited, and exploded before they could be drawn up in the bucket ; by which one had his leg dreadfully shattered, the other was but slightly hurt. 17,— Several coal porters, styled in the Mercantile Chronicle of this date, the most refractory class of men in this City, and whose reluctance, indolence and exactions had been so frequent, that they had become general grievances, were committed to gaol by the mayor for refusing to work. 21. — At a late hour this night. General Campbell received an express, announcing that three large men of war were disem- barking troops in Sligo bay. In consequence of the alarm which was caused by this infonnation, the garrison of this City was turned out, and at two o'clock, the 46th, the Queen's German, and a detachment from the light brigade of artillery, were in marching order ; shortly after the yeomanry corps assembled to the number of 1200 in Patrick-street ; about three o'clock, lights were placed in all the windows of the principal streets, which were very necessary, as all the city lamps had been by some chance extinguished. A little before day-break two regiments and a detachment of artillery marched to Mallow, when the garrison duty devolved upon the yeomanry and the Tipperary militia. The arrival of an express about half-past three in the afternoon, stating that the ships were three of our own frigates, put an end to the alarm. In Cove also much anxiety was evinced ; and such men of war as were then in the harbour prepared to put to sea. As the wind was unfavourable it became necessary to tow the ships out, in which all the fishermen and boatmen, and every person who was able to seize an oar, assisted. 23. — ^The troops which had marched to Mallow returned ; on their march they were hospitably entertained by the peasants in the neighbouring cottages. The Cloyne yeomanry volunteered to serve in any part of the kingdom. Nov. 3. — Fourteen houses were consumed by fire at Carrig- towhill. 222 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A.D. 10. — This afternoon, one of the houses belonging to the powder mills within four miles of the City, blew up ; the con- cussion which was caused, was felt at the west end of the City ; by this accident five men were killed. Dec. 5. — It was stated in the Mercantile Clironicle of this day, that the inhabitants of Cork would soon be relieved from the billeting of soldiers, as the extensive new Barrack above St. Patrick's-hill was nearly covered in, and would be habitable in thecourse of the next summer. These barracks, which were since finished, are conveniently adapted for the accommodation of 1994 men, with stabling for 232 horses, and contain an hospital capable of receiving 120 patients. 10. — The Dublin mail coach, in crossing Kil worth momitain, was overturned by a violent gust of v/ind, none of the passengers received any material injury. 16. — Workmen were employed in erecting military works at Ban try. 30. — Captain Maguire,R.N. arrived in this City, to superintend the erection of signal posts upon this coast. 1^01 Ja7i. — Sir Charles Holloway superintended the erection of works on Spike Island, and Carlisle and Camden forts; between four and five hundred men were employed. Feb. — An institution of marine yeomanry, termed " Sea Fencibles," was established for the defence of the coast against invasion. 10. — Several persons were arrested in a public house in George's-street, charged with having been present at seditious meetings. 17. — The plan and elevation of a new bridge intended to be thrown across from the North-Abbey to the corner of Grenville- place were approved of : this bridge however was never built. It was in contemplation at this time also to make an entrance from Smiday's Well into the City by Hamon's Marsh. March 28. — The establishment of signal posts along this coast was carried on with expedition ; strong buildings, capable of lodging the naval officer and his assistants, as well as containing a detachment of armed men, were built in the most CORK REMEMBRANCER. 223 proper place contiguous to the signal posts. They were so A.D. constructed that they were entered by a ladder from the top. The right of prisage on all wines imported into this kingdom, an old grant of the crown to the Earls of Ormond, (but which had been for a considerably time possessed by the Commissioner of his Majesty's revenue,) was restored to the present Earl, who appointed Bryan Sheehy, Esq., a collector of prisage in this port, with instructions to receive it in kind. Jlpril 9. — The city of Cork militia volunteered its services to England. 13. — The new quay, directed in the will of Mr. Smith Barry to be built at Cove, was completed by his executors. 16. — By order of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, two buoys were laid down in our harboxir, one upon the harbour rock, and the other upon the turbot bank. 28. — The sea fencibles at Cove were reviewed by Captain Countess. Their boats were divided into six divisions and started from the new quay, affording a gratifying sight to the spectators. An alarming fire in Walker's distillery, it raged for six hours, but was at last got under without very much damage being done. May 25. — V/as observed in this city as a general fast, by his majesty's proclamation. The Courtmasherry cavalry volunteered to serve in any part of the kingdom, in case of invasion or rebellion. 28. — ^The wooden bridge, called Parliament-bridge, over the south branch of the Lee, was this morning carried away by the flood. Ju7ie 6. — Major-General Sir Eyre Coote, K.B., the Earl and Countess of Cork, Lord and Lady Gardner, and several military and naval officers, went to Spike Island, to attend the ceremony of laying the first stone of the new works about to be erected there ; it was laid on the S.E. part of the Island. 18. — A man, having missed his way among the ruins of Parlia- ment-bridge, fell into the river and was drowned. 29. — A pig trap was established in this City ; it was a machine drawn by two horses, and large enough to contain a considerable number of voracious pigs, which then jnfested the streets. 224 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A. D. Julij 23. — There was a regatta at Kinsale. 1804 August. — Several streets, vvhich had not hcen so hefore, were now distinguished by being labelled. 10. — A boat race took place at Cove.. 22. — The first and second battalion of the 28th and the ' second battalion of the 48th regiment, and the South Mayo Regiment of Militia, entered this city, and on the following day, with the garrison then here, marched to an encampment at Killady-hill within a few miles of this city. In consequence of this arrangement the yeomanry commenced garrison duty, and the main guard was taken by a part of the Loyal Cork Legion. Sept. 17. — This day the camp at Killady-hill, broke up, and the troops returned to the different quarters, which they occupied previous to its formation. Field officers were appointed to the yeomanry and volunteer corps of this kingdom. Two new houses on the Blackrock road were burnt. Oct. 1 . — The city magistrates, immediately after being sworn into office, set off for Lord Gardner's at Cove, to pay their respects to the Lord Chancellor, and in the name of the corpo- ration to invite him to the Mansion-house. His Lordship how- ever declined the honour. 10. — The signal posts, which had been erected upon the coast, were ordered by government to be weather-slated. 19. — The mayor gave public intimation of receiving proposals for scavengers for the different parishes, over whom he intended to place a superintendent in each parish. From these arrange- ments it was expected, that this city would recover from the stigma of being one of the dirtiest in the empire. A martello tower of unusual magnitude was constructed toward the N.W. point of Whiddy Island. Its interior diameter was 240 feet. Nov. 2. — The works upon Bear island were carried on, upon a more considerable scale, than had been at first intended. The battery was circular, with four Martello towers at proper intervals. Dec. 2. — x\ fire broke out in the stores and concerns of Messrs. Lecky and Cotter, on the South Parade. CORK REMEMBRANCER. 225 An organ which had been made by a Mr. Haddock, a citizen A. D. of Cork, and lately won at a raffle of one hundred and fifty persons, at a guinea each, by Mr. James Haly bookseller, was presented by him to the chapel in Cross-street. 8. — The river Lee was swollen to an excessive height by the heavy rain, which was accompanied by a gale of wind this night, by which material injury was done to several mills in the neighbourhood of this city. The large conduit, which conveyed the water across the river from the Iron mills of Mr. O'Sullivan, at Haly's bridge, to his Paper mill, was totally swept away, together with a great part of the quay at each side, by which these extensive mills were prevented from working for some time ; the mills of Messrs. Phair and Stotesbury also received much damage. 29. — ^The stables onWhiddy island belonging to Mr. Mahony, who had contracted for erecting the batteries there, caught fire, and twenty-five horses were destroyed. Jan. 1 . — A buoy was placed on the bank in our harbour where 1805 the spit or beacon stood. 14. — The 89th regiment was reviewed on the Grand Parade by Lord Blayney. 27. — There was a violent storm which did some mischief to the trading vessels in this harbour. Feb.20 — Was observed as a day of prayer and general fast, the corporation went in procession to Christ Church. March 13. — Rear Admiral Drury's arrival at Cove, where he hoisted his flag, was celebrated by the inhabitants with illumina- tions and bonfires. l7. — The friendly brothers went in procession to Upper Shan don Church. 21. — This being the anniversary of the glorious 21st of March 1801, Major Le Mesurier who then commanded the 87th regt., entertained the men of that regiment, who had served in Egypt, with an excellent dinner and a plentiful supply of porter and punch. The evening being fine, the tables were laid out in the barrack yard, and nearly 180 men partook of this well bestowed generosity. 226 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A-D. April 3. — The following paragraph appears in the Corh Mercantile Chronicle of this date — " Our total indifference, in this city, to every thing which concerns our public accommoda- tion and credit, has become, a subject of wonder. Our nuisances seem to have a procreative power, and every day seems to shew some vexatious instance of their abominable fecundity. The day traveller runs the risk of being blinded from the screening of lime ; he is often intercepted in his way by the lagoons of water, which the obstruction of the public sewers retain in the streets, and if he be not rode over by the gallopers, who charge along the streets, or run over by the cars, which are whirled along with no less rapidity, he may felicitate himself, on his return home, upon the cheap terms of such injury as he may receive in tumbling over a few of the many heaps of rubbish, which principally occupy our public ways. If the traveller by night escapes drowning, he has no right to complain, for what, with the darkness of the lamps, and the naked and unfenced state of the quays, to survive a night walk is become a matter of family thanksgiving. Every stranger, who approaches this, the third city in his Majesty's dominions, does it at the peril of his life, and one of the least dangerous of the high ways into town, is now through a sort of canal of mud, and has been so for a longtime. * * It was but a few nights ago that the gulph and huge stones of Barrack-street had nearly proved fatal to an emment officer of this garrison." May 14. — ^About 4 o'clock this evening as a gentleman, his wife and child, were coming to this city in a post chaise, they were stopped by two highwaymen armed, about 4 miles from town on the Dublin road, and robbed. June 11. — The Right Hon. Col. Lord Blayney was presented with his freedom of this City, in a silver box, by the mayor, sheriffs, and town-clerk. Lieutenant-Colonel Walsh was also presented with his freedom. 23. — The different fire engines of this city were inspected by the mayor on Lapp's Island, to ascertain their efficiency, in the event of fire in the city. jlug. 5. — Henry Martyn, afterwards so celebrated as a CORK REMEMBRANCER. 227 missionary in the East Indies, arrived at Cove on board the Union A. D. East Indiaman, then in company with a large fleet under the command of Captain Byng. While the vessels remained in this harbour, Mr. Martyn endeavoured to procure an admission to a pulpit in Cork, as well as to preach to the convicts going out with the fleet to Botany Bay, but was unsuccessful in both these attempts. Mr. Martyn regularly read prayers, and preached once every Sabbath on board his own ship, lamenting that the captain would not permit the performance of more than one service. This being the case his usefulness in the ship depended much, he conceived, on his private ministrations. Scarcely a day therefore passed without his going between the decks, where, after assem- bling all who were willing to attend, he read to them some religious book, upon which he commented as he went on. The passengers, as he describes, were inattentive, the officers many of them sat drinking so that he could overhear their noise, and the captain, was with them. " How melancholy and humiliating," he states in his journal, " is this mode of public ordinances on ship-board, compared with the respect and joy with which the multitudes came up to hear my brethren on shore ! But this prepares me for preaching amongst heedless Gentiles." u4.ug. 19. — The assizes proving maiden, the city high sheriffs, presented the Hon. Judge Finucane and the Right Worshipful Robert Briscoe, Esq., with elegant white gloves richly fringed with gold. 29. — The East India fleet and transports, with their convoy, got under weigh, and came to anchor outside the harbour, where they continued moored until the 30th, when from the prevalence of contrary winds, it was judged expedient to order them back to the harbour, and they accordingly returned, but as the wind shifted to the northward on the following morning, they all sailed with a favourable breeze. Sept. 4. — The Grand Jury of this city presented £100, to be applied to the construction of a new road, which was necessary to render the communication between Cork, Kerry, Mallow and Kanturk, easy and convenient. Oct. 9. — The mayor seized as many pigs this morning as filled 228 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A. D. the conservator's pig trap, which the owners, under the security of a wet day, had turned into the streets to provide for themselves. JSTov. — T\^o thousand pounds were subscribed towards erecting a Commercial Building in this Citj'. 11. — Illuminations in celebration of the battle of Trafalgar. Dec. 2. — Every shop in the town of Cove was kept shut for two days, to testify the regret of the inhabitants for the death of Admiral Kingsmill. 6. — The corporation voted to the late mayor, Charles Evanson, a service of plate worth £200, for the dignified and hospitable manner in which he had supported the office of Chief Magistrate of this city during his mayoralty. 1806 Feb. 11. — About two o'clock, the Britannia of Liverpool, near 600 tons burden, blew up near Cove, with a tremendous explosion; the ships near her sustained no injury, two of the crew were saved, as well as her papers, and several other articles of value. The number of persons lost were twelve. March 5. — There being, at this time, a conspiracy to cry down the currency of legal half-pence, the mayor determined to punish any person, who refused to take them, with the utmost rigour, and accordingly, one Michael Hayes was this day fined 5s. 5d., and ordered to be committed to Bridewell in default of payment, for an offence of this nature. A petition from this city, soliciting leave to erect a new gaol, was presented to the house of commons by Mr. Hutchinson, and referred to a committee. April 14. — In consequence of the remonstrances of the magistrates of this city, government ordered that no more gunpowder should be deposited in the ordnance stores on Charlotte quay, previous to exportation, but conveyed direct from the manufactory at Ballincollig, through roads, not within the city or its suburbs, and deposited at Blackrock, or at some other place equally distant. A young boy was sentenced to be burned on the hand and imprisoned for a year for theft. 16. — There being no capital conviction this assizes, the judges were presented with gold fringed gloves by the sheriffs. CORK REMEMBRANCER. 229 1896 Jlpril 16 — An extraordinary collection of whales was observed A. D. on the S.W. coast of this county. 10. — Mr. Hoare, as father of the Munster bar, convened that body, then in this city, to vote an address to Mr. Ponsonby, who was sworn into office as lord chancellor, while they were on circuit. A human skeleton, around which was found the remnant of a garment most richly ornamented, with broad plates of figured gold of considerable value, was discovered in a quarry in the neighbourhood of Castlemartyr ; several amber beads, much injured by time, and something resembling a mitre in shape, were also found. June 28. — The body of a man, who had killed himself, was interred in a church-yard near Blarney, whence it was taken up by the country people in the neighbourhood. It was again 'committed to the earth by the man's relatives, in Ballinamought church-yard; but the superstition of the people not suffering it to remain there either, it was a second time taken up, and exposed for some days with the lid of the coffin open, (a shocking spectacle,") on the upper Youghal road. ^ug. 2. — As Mr. Sheriff Maguire and his servant were patrolling the streets, they heard the cries of a female in Castle- street, and proceeding to the spot, found her surrounded and cruelly treated by about twenty ruffians. The sheriff seized upon one of the most active of the delinquents, and committed the woman to the care of his servant, and was proceeding to lodge the man in Bridewell, when he was followed down Cock-pit lane by the rest of the gang, who attacked him with a shower of stones ; after some time, perceiving that his servant was knocked down by a stone, and being himself struck in the leg, he fired a pistol and wounded one of the assailants in the neck, on which they immediately dispersed, and the sheriff conducted his prisoner without further opposition to the Bridewell. 18. — There was a boat race at Blackrock; three silver cups (value five guineas each) were rowed for. 27. — The assizes ended, and proving maiden, the sheriffs presented the judges with a pair of gold fringed gloves each. U 230 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A.D. Sept. 15. — Died at the Hotwells, in Bristol, Patrick O'Brien^ 1806 the Irish giant. This extraordinary man, whose height exceeded eight feet, was born at Kinsale, and had long been the wondei* of the age. Pie was interred at the Cathohc chapel in Trenchard- street, Bristol. The stupendous coffin prepared for him by an undertaker at Bristol, was 9 feet 5 inches in length • and five men got into it with ease and had the lid placed upon it. The brass plate contained the following inscrip- tion : — " Pat. Cotter O'Brien, of Kinsale, Ireland, whose stature was 8 feet, I inch. Died, Sept. 8, 1806, aged 46 years." The deceased belonged to the masonic order of Knights Templars. Oct. — Two soldiers were killed in an affray with some country- men at Clonakilty. Dec. 2. — ^During a violent storm at W.N.W. which happened this day and the preceding night, several accidents occurred in this city. The principal part of a liouse was blown down at the new Ban-acks ; many chimneys were also destroyed. Government ordered storehouses to be built on Hawlbowling Island, to enable his Majesty's ships on the Irish station to refit and victual, without returning to an English port for that purpose. 1807 Jan. 3. — The mail coach from Dublin broke dovm near Eath- cormack ; after an ineff'ectual attempt to repair it, the mail was forwarded on a car to town. Feh. 16. — ^The Cork and Dublin mail coach was this night stopped at Red Gap, in the county Kildare, by 10 or 12 armed ruffians. The guard fired a case of pistols, and a blunderbuss, the latter of which havingmissed fire three times, the mails would inevitably have been robbed but for a naval officer. Lieutenant Alexander, the only passenger, who came out of the coach, gave battle to the entire, and brought oft" the coach in triumph. April 4. — About 12 o'clock this night a pistol was fired into the dwelling-house of Mr. John Fitzgerald, in William-street ; fortunately no person was hurt. 8. — ^Another attack on the Cork mail, this night, near Red Gap ; several shots were fired at the coach, by which one of the mail guards was severely wounded ; the other guard returned the fire^ CORK REMEMBRANCER. 231 ami the cofichman urging his horses forward, the mail was brought A. D. off safely. The night was so dark that the assailants could scarcely be seen. 20. — This evening a signal was made in our harbour, that an enemy's fleet was off Cape Clear steering N.E., which excited some alarm. The men of war in the harbour prepared to put to sea, and the Cove yeomanry were under arras all night, ready to proceed to reinforce the different forts in the harbour. It proved however to be a homeward bound West India fleet. Maij. — A beautiful new gate was erected at the entrance of the dyke, with two handsome lamps constructed over it. 24. — The post-boy, bringing the mail from Cashel, imder the escort of one of the 7th dragoon guards, quartered here, was way-laid near Lower Green by three fellows, two of whom fired at the guard. The post-boy directly tvunied, and hastened back to Cashel, while the dragoon fired upon one of the villains, who immediately fell ; the two others fled, and the dragoon pursued the object of his charge, whom he overtook before he reached Cashel. 30. — The sheriffs of Cork waited upon his grace the duke of Richmond, in DubUn, to whom tliey presented an address from their corporation, as well as the freedom of the city in a gold box. Sir Arthur Wellesley was also presented with the freedom of this city, in a silver box. The sheriffs were offered the honor of knighthood, which they declined. June 5. — The freedom of this city was presented to captain Brace, of his majesty's ship Virginie, 16. — Four houses were burnt near White-point, Cove. 22 — The following appeared in the Cork Mercantile Chronicle of this date, " to the barbarous and habitual custom of fastening ropes to the horns of cattle intended for exportation, and by that method conveying them (most frequently with the loss of their horns,) into the vessels prepared for their reception, we earnestly solicit the mayor's attention, certain that motives of policy, if not those of mercy, should be consulted, in the abolition ox a practice so repugnant to both." Oct. 26. — Two gentlemen were robbed, about a mile and a 232 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A^D. half from town, by three foot-pads armed with pistols, the robbers restored to one of the gentlemen his pocket-book and watch, of which he had been robbed some time before. A dreadful fire in Mr. Lane's porter breweiy, at St. Fin Barry's, 27.— A gentleman was stopped, about two miles from town, on the Kinsale road, and dragged from bis horse by three armed liien, and robbed. Nov. 19. — The weather was uncormmonly stormy, the wind was easterly, accompanied with heavy snow ; the severity of the night totally disabled the lamp-lighters from doing their duty, three of them were taken dangerously ill, from severe falls, and the great cold and wet they experienced^ in endeavouring to light the lamps. 24. — The coach from Dublin to Cork, having pei'sisted in working through the snow, was forced to stop at Farmly turn- pike, with a draft of ten horses-, which were endeavouring to draw it out. Dec. — A general order was issued at Cove, that the bodies of such soldiers as should happen to die on board the transports, while they remained in that port, should not receive the common ceremonials of intennent, but be committed to the sea, sewed up in the hammocks in which they died. 1808 Jan. 18. — "The queen's birth day was celebrated at the mansiors house by a magnificent ball and supper. The preparations were on a scale never perhaps equalled in this city ; emblematical transparencies and wreaths of evergreens, interspersed with llowers fancifully displayed, gave a most beautiful effect to the different apartments. The ladies were all dressed in stufis, the manufacture of this city. Feb. 13. — Two men were buried in the ruins of a wall at the North-mall distillery. They were conveyed, with their limbs fractured, and bodies dreadfully contused, to the North Infirmary. A number of miscreants infested the streets of this city, and were so daring, that a night scarcely passed without some person being knocked down, and beaten and robbed. One night they forced a gentleman from between two ladies, whom he was con- ducting home, and beat him, committing their usual robbery. CORK REMEMBRANCER. 233 ?&vi3, on the following nighty severely injured anothor, by AD. throwing empty bottles at him. The frequency of these outrages at length induced the young gentlemen of this city to associate for the detection of the marauders, and the protection of the inhabitants^ and, directed by the activity of the city magistrates, they succeeded in apprehending several. April 1.— The corporation of Cork vot«d the freedom of this city to Lord Manners, lord chancellor of Ireland, in a silver box. Parapets were erected on the quays of this city, by order of the mayor. 13. — A hot impress took place at Cove, when some useful hands were procured for the naval service 26. — General Floyd presented tlie 7ist regiment with new •colours at the Barrack, The entire garrison were drawn out in the square, and the general addressed the regiment in a soldier- like and impressive manner. 29. — The mayor, being anxious to put a stop to the mischievous and disgraceful custom, practised in this city on May eve, of striking persons, particularly females, with nettles, gave public notice, that he would punish with the utmost rigour, any person detected in the commission of this savage offence. June 3. — On this and the following day, the rain fell in such torrents, that the mountain stream between the glen of Aherlow and Galbally was overfJooded, by which several cows, pigs, &c. M'ere washed away and k)st, and others were taken down for more than a mile, but saved ; some acres of potatoes were also washed away. In the memory of the oldest man resident in that part of the country, there never was so great a flood. June 30. — The postman, who was conveying the mails from •Skibbereen to Bantry and Castletown, was attacked by two men with their faces blackened, and robbed of the mail, after being severely ill treated. July 7. — Sir Arthur Wellesley and suite, arrived in this city, at an early hour this day. The committee of merchants paid him their respects, as the Chief Secretary of the Irish government. On the following day he dined with the mayor. 234 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A.D. Auq. 11. — General Sh- David Baird and suite, arrived at 1808 M'DowelFs hotel in this city. According to annual custom the mayor and corporation, attend- ed by a vast number of the gentry of this city, went down the river in several yachts, and on their arrival at the harbour's mouth, the ancient ceremony of throwing a dart, to ascertain the limits of the mayor's magisterial authority on the water, was performed in the usual manner. 22. — At the assizes held at this time in this city, amongst other presentments, the following were passed by the grand Jury : — £200 for covering over and filling 80 feet in length of Lapp's- Islanddock, and making sewers ; £28 19s., for building a well for the supply of water near Skiddyacre-lane ; £149, for arching over 112 feet in length of the watercourse stream ; £13 5s., for building a fan arch over part of the watercourse stream ; £57 r2s. 9d, for building walls at each side of the ditch from the Mardyke walk to the ferry opposite Sunday "s-well ; £17 2s. 6d, for taking down 188 feet in length of an old wall, to widen the road leading from Cork to Blackrock ; £500 towards building a new gaol. Sept. 2. — The son of the Marquis of Wellesley, Mr. Fitzakorly, and their respective suites, arrived this morning at the Bush hotel, ou their way to visit the Lakes of Killarney. Oct. 16. — An alarming fire in old Chapel-lane, leading to the Watercourse, by which 12 houses were burnt, and others injured in the effort to prevent the progress of the fire. iVow. 18. — About 5 o'clock this morning, there was a severe gale of wind ; it blew from N.N.W., and with so much violence that it tore up one of the largest trees in St. Fin Barry's church- yard; the chimneys of Col. Young's house near the artillery barracks were blown down, and falling on the roof, drove it in, and carried down the floors of the back part of the house. The ships at Cove rode out the storm, it being an oflfshore wind. 1809 Jan. 4. — The first annual meeting of the Indigent Eoom- keeper's Society was held in this city. March 20. — The Reverend Fitzgerald Tisdall was cruelly murdered on the road between Ban try and Kcnmare, at a place called the Priest's Leap, fORK REMEMBRANCER. 235 March 6.— Bonjamia Wheatly, Esq., purser of his Majesty's A . D, ship, Trent, presented the Cork Institution with a valuable col- lection of curiosities, consisting of coins, drawings, &c., in return for which, he was admitted an honorary member of the Institution. 15. — A terrible fire in the turpentine manufactory of Messrs. Barrett and Keays, in St, Barry's j the whole of the concern was consumed. ^pril. — An action, brought by Thomas Walker against William Lumley, the representative of the pipe water Company, was tried by Judge Day, in this city, for raising the weir near the pipe water works to a certain height, and for shutting up two hatch- ways, thereby diverting the water, which ought to flow through the southern, into the northern channel. The facts of this case, as they appeared in evidence, were these: — In the year 1765, the weir was built by Nicholas Fitton, to assist a project, which was then on foot, for making the river Lee navigable to Macromp; but he was only suffered to make the weir 18 inches high, and was compelled to put two hatches in it of sufficient breadth, to let the water flow in abundance into the Southern channel. In the year 1785 the weir was in some degree raised by an engineer of the pipe water company, but not to a height sufficient to exclude the water from the Southern channel, until in the Summer of 1791, Mr. Attiwell Hayes, who was one of the pipe water Company, raised it to the height of about six feet, and blocked up the hatches. The Jury found a verdict for the plaintiff", with six pence damages and six pence costs. May 5. — One of the sheriffs was sent by the common council, to communicate to the recorder the result of their deliberations, as to his taking a seat with them in the council. They had , previously opposed his doing so, but upon his taking legal proceedings to enforce his rights, they intimated their willing- ness to acknowledge his claim to fraternity with them. The recorder however declined the honour, but stated that in a few days he would take his seat amongst them, upon the authority of a mandamus. The corporation granted £100, towards the relief of the distressed tradesmen and manufacturers of this city. 236 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A. D. A whale of about 40 feet long came into Kinsale. It went up nearly two miles of the Bandon river, and was pursued by the fishermen, who struck it several times with harpoons, but to no effect, as it succeeded in getting out of the harbour. Aug. 16.— The recorder was, upon the authority of a manda- mus forth of his Majesty's Court of King's Bench, sworn into the common council and took his seat as a member. Sept. 24. — The common council entered into a resolution to wear no clothes but those manufactured in this city. Oct. 10. — The corporation determined to improve this city, by pulling down the houses on the right of Blackmoor-lane, and continuing Sullivan's-quay to the South-bridge. An immense quantity of sprats and herrings was taken for some days past ; in many instances the herring nets burst from their weight of fish, and the sprats were taken in shoals by the simplest means, and within a mile of this city. The Lord Bishop of Cork and Boss signified his intention of consecrating the new chapel of the Foundling Hospital, on the 25th inst. J\rov. 3. — Three houses in Brandy-lane were blown up by gunpowder, which a man, employed in the mills at Ballincollig had privately brought home with him, for the purpose of selling to the men who worked in an adjacent quarry ; several persons •• were killed and wounded. The Christian brotherhood was instituted this year; their 1811 present buildings in Peacock-lane were erected in the year I8I5. Feb. I. — A ruffian, of the name of Laffan, was seized by Mr. • sheriff Besnard, accompanied by some of the peace ofllices of the city, and a party of military. This daring villain had been for a long time a sort of JRugant'mo in Cork, exciting terror wherever he made his appearance. 2. — A man, wrapped in a great coat, passed the sentinel posted at General Floyd's door, about three o'clock this morning, and having given the customary reply to the sentinel's challenge, and passed on a few paces, turned suddenly about and discharged a pistol at him, which wounded him severely in the foot. The CORK REMEMBRANCER. 237 mayor and sheriffs offered a reward of 100 guineas for the ''^■^^ detection of the villain, and Gen. Graham ordered each sentinel for the future to load with ball cartridge, every evening after sunset, for his protection. JIa^/ 8. — As the Cork and Kerry coach was turning the corner of a piece of ground, enclosed by Mr. Clarke, near Clarke's- bridge, leading from Abbott's brewery, one of the leaders, being a young horse, was startled at tlie rippling of the water, and plunged so violently that he upset the coach, and there being- no parapet wall on this part of the quay, the guard and outside passengers were precipitated a considerable distance, but no person was killed. June 1. — An alarming fire in the malt store of Messrs. Beamish and Crawford in Mary-street, which consumed the entire of that building. 8. — An architect who had been directed by the corporation to take down the corn-market, which was in a dangerous statQ, had removed a considerable part of the roof, when the projecting stone cornice, which terminated the upper pai-t of the wall, having no superincumbent weight to counteibalance the projection, fell down, at a moment when a number of persons were collected vnider it. By this accident four persons were killed, and eight or nine severely wounded. 29. — The Cork and Dublin mail was upset near AVatergrass- hill, when proceeding over Blackhorse-bridge. Juli/ 12. — The Duke of Richmond knighted the venerable Mr. Purcell, whose singular intrepidity, in resisting an attack made on his house at Highfort by a gang of ruffians, five of whom he either killed or wounded, had been a subject of admiration and surprize. The account of this transaction is as follows: — On the night of the 11 th of March, about one o'clock, after Mr. Purcell had retired to bed, he heard a noise outside the window of the parlour, which adjoined the room he slept in ; there was a door between the two rooms, but it had been nailed up, and some of the furniture of the parlour placed against it. Shortly after he heard the noise, tlie windows of the parlour were forced in, upon which he immtdiately got out of bed, determined 238 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A. D. to make resistance, when, recollecting that he had supped in his bed-chamber, he proceeded to grope for a knife which had been left there by accident, and having fortunately found it, advanced to the door leading into the parlour, where he stood in calm but resolute expectation that the progress of the robbers would lead them to his bed-chamber. Soon after he heard the furniture, which had been placed against the nailed up door, displaced, and almost at the same moment, the door . itself havingbeen burst open, the moon shone with great brightness, and the light, streaming in through three large windows in the paidour, afforded him a view, that would have made any but an intrepid spirit not a little apprehensive ; his bed-room was dark, the window shutters being closed, and thus without being perceived himself, he saw standing before him, a body of armed men, the foremost of whom were blackened. Armed only with a knife, but aided by a dauntless heart, he took his station by •the side of the door, and in a moment after, one of the villains entered the room, upon which Mr. Purcell instantly stabbed him. On receiving this thrust, the villain reeled back into the parlour, crying out with an oath that he was killed, and shortly after another who advanced was received in a similar manner, and also staggered back into the parlour, crying out that he was wounded. A voice from the outsidenow gave orders to fire into the dark room, upon which a man stept forward, with a short gun in his hand, and as this fellow stood ready to fire, Mr. Purcell, without betraying any emotion v.'hatever, having looked at the man, and calmly calculated his own safety, remained in a state of firm and manly expectation without flinching, imtil the piece, which had been loaded with a brace of bullets and three slugs, was fired, and its contents harmlessly lodged in the wall ; when he made a pass at him with the knife, and wounded him in the arm, and repeating the blow with similar effect, the villain retired, as the others had done, exclaiming that he was wounded. The robbers now rushed forward from the parlour into the dark room, and then it was that Mr. Purcell felt the deepest sense of his danger ; not daunted however, but thinking that all chance of preserving his life was over, he resolved to sell it as dearly as CORK REMEMBRANCER. 239 possible, and accordin"lv, the moment the viUains entered tlie ^- D. °- . . 1811 room, he struck at a fourth fellow with his knife and wounded him ; at the same instant having received a blow on the head, and finding himself grappled with, he shortened his hold of the knife, and stabbed repeatedly at the fellow who seized him, and the floor being slippery from the blood of the woimded man, both he and his adversary fell. While on the ground together, Mr. Purcell thinking that his thrusts with the knife, though made with all his force, did not seem to produce the same efllect, which they had, in the beginning of the conflict, examined the point of the weapon with his finger, and found that it was bent, and as he lay struggling on the ground endeavoured but unsuc- cessfully to straighten it ; while one hand was employed in this attempt, he perceived that the grasp of his adversary was losing its pressure, and in a moment or two after he found himself released from it, the limbs of the robber being in fact by this time imnerved by death ; Mr. Pvu-cell now perceived that this fellow ha4 a sword in his hand, which having seized, he gave several blows with it, his knife being no longer service- able. At length the robbers, finding so many of their party had been killed or wounded, employed themselves in removing the bodies, which they dragged into the parlour, and by means of chairs with the backs placed upward, lifted put of the windows and afterwards took away. In the mean time, Mr. Purcell retired into a place apart from the house where he remained a short time, and when the robbers retired, returned to the house, and having called up a man servant from his bed, who during this long and bloody conflict, had not before appeared, placed his daughter-in-law and grandchild in places of safety, and took such precautions as circumstances suggested, until the daylight appeared. The next day, the alarm being given, search was made for the robbers, when the gun, which had been fired at Mr. Purcell, was found in the house of a man of the name of Noonan, who was afterwards taken and executed. ^U(/ IG. — A burlesque fete took place at Blackrock, between two parties representing the corporation of Ballintemple, and the knights of the round table. " Early in the dav, 240 CORK REMEMBRANCER. AD. (^accoi'ding to a Cork newspaper,) several persons left the city, to witness the scene, and took their stations, so as to have a view of the castle. At five o'clock a discharge of a cannon from the castle announced the commencement of the fete, and shortly after the knights proceeded, mounted and caparisoned, in the following order : — A herald ; two trumpeters ; two yeomen with battle axes ; two esquires fully habited, bearing shields and lances ; two knights in complete armour, with their gauntlets slung for all challengers ; the warder of the castle, without his keys, they having been long since lost, and the venerable gentle- man's care being committed to the vigilance of a big dog ; the almoner, with an empty bag,his situation being literally a sinecure, the alms of the castle not being confined to form or quantity, and generally unseen ; a junior knight bearing the banner of the order, with the arms emblazoned as follows : — On a field argent, a round table proper, with hands linked proper, the cuffs alternately gules, azure and vert ; the motto fidelity; then the remainder of the knights in the coats and mantles of the order, and collars, &.c. Having proceeded to the suburbs of Ballin- temple, they were there met by the corporation in full regalia, and decorated in all the pomp of magisterial dignity, each worthy personage seated in a jaunting car ; the first in order of proces- sion was the town crier,with his bell, which he occasionally rang ; then the sergeants at mace ; then the sword bearer, bearing the sword and cap of maintenance ; and the mayor in his robes, chain, and collar of S.S. who was drawn by four horses tandem, or rather at full length, in order to shew how far justice can reach : the mayor was followed by the worthy sheriff in his chain ; then followed the recorder in his gown and wig, most legally curled ; then followed the town clerk with the charter, or rather a translation of it from the Anglo Norman Gothic, the original being lost ; the chamberlain, common speaker, and common council, a most solemn spectacle to behold. This novel appearance moved through the laughing multitude in slow and awful state to the castle, where a good dinner awaited their arrival. The usual toasts — the king — fidelity — love and loyalty — courage and courtesy, were honoured with discharges of cannon CORK REMEMBRANCER. 241 and rockets. The party continued at the castle with becoming and A. D. magisterial perseverance till a late hour. Some money which remained on hands, and the broken meat, were distributed amongst the poor. Sept. — The building, appropriated to the Institution on the South Mall, was completed under the inspection of Mr. William Deane ; besides a lecture-room and two convenient rooms for apparatus, &:c., there was a library, a mineral-room, a Committee- room, and a shed for agricidtural implements ; there was also a spacious yard, in which there Mere some pens for sheep, prepara- tory to the exhibition of them for premiums ; amongst other objects the chimney-pieces excited much interest, they were all made of marble procured in this county, and proved that in this respect, we have no occasion to go into a foreign country for the gratification of refined taste. The marble, raised at Ballyanan on the Castle-Hyde estate, was peculiarly beautiful ; another of the chimney-pieces was of marble from Eockey Island, in this harbour, and was procure^ by permission of Lieutenant-Colonel Fenwick, the commanding officer at Spike Island. The execu- tion was esteemed highly creditable to Mr. Shanahan, who was the stone cutter employed. 14. — The stupendous works of Spike Island were proceeding with rapidly ; it was said it would take nearly eight years to complete what was intended by government; a very fine barracks on a large scale had at this time been roofed in. 24. — The equinoctial gale commenced this night ; it blew a violent storm N.N W. ; several trees in the suburbs were levelled, and a considerable part of the roof of the new buildings at the Ursuline convent, was damaged by its effects. JVbw.18. — On this and the following day, the Court of Common Pleas was engaged in an important trial at bar, in which the mayor of Cork was plaintiff, and the Earl of Ormond and others defendants. The object of the plaintiff was to ascertain, in a feigned issue directed by an act of parliament, whether he was entitled to the prisage of wines in the port of Cork, and, if he proved himself so entitled, then to recover from the Earl of Ormond and the lords of the treasury £67,000 Irish, part of a 242 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A. D. sum of £210,000 ; for which the government had, some time before, bought the prisage of wines from his lordship ; there was a verdict for the defendants, with costs of suit. 1812 Jan. 22. — A most destructive fire in Perrier's corn stores, below the new bridge, which consumed, in the space of two hours, the entire of those fine stores. 29. — About one o'clock this morning, a horseman was stopped by three footpads opposite Mr. Weldon's house, on the North- Strand road, and having called out vociferously several times, Mr. Weldon got up in his shirt, armed with a musket, and having thrown the window up, the robbers turned a corner, and fled lip the hill opposite Mr. Penrose's house, and the horseman, glad to be extricated, rode off quickly towards Glanmire without further molestation. March 18. — At a meeting of the Court of D'Oyer Hundred, the draw-bridge of St. Patrick's-bridge was condemned as a dangerous nuisance ; £200 was presented by the grand jury for taking it down, and making a new and capacious one. April 25. — The new organ in the cathedral church of Cioyne, which had been imported and erected by Mr. Haddock, organ builder, of Cork, was opened for the first time in the church, and gave general satisfaction, in tone, and elegant and tasteful workmanship. The old oi-gan was purchased by the parishioners of Youghal, who engaged Mr. Haddock to improve it and erect it in their town. May 4. — The foundation stone of the Lancasterian school was laid by William Beamish, Esq. , who was attended by the members of the committee, and several others. A new coach was established from Cork to Passage, to start every morning from the Bower tavern, George's-street. 12. — The freedom of this city was unanimously voted to col. Pratt, of the 5th regiment, by the common council, and also to lieut.-col. O'Brien, assistant adjutant-general of this district. 18. — A report having been circulated that potatoes had been lodged in Mr. Callaghan's store, a considerable number of persons proceeded to break open the doors; when Mr. Callaghan's son arrived and offered to open the doors for their inspection. CORK REMEMBRANCER. 243 In the mean lime the mayor arrived with a party of cavah'y, and A. D. ,. , , 1812 tranquilhty was mimediately restored. July. — It was in contemplation to build a bridge from Warren's quay to the Marsh opposite ; this design was not put into execution until the year 1830, when it was built at an expense of £9,000. ^ug. 14. — A numerously attended meeting was held in the north Chapel, respecting the Catholic claims. 22 — Brilli;^nt illuminations in this city, in honour of the victory gained by Lord Wellington at Salamanca. Sept. 8. — A large vessel having sailed into Kinsalc harbour, fonrmen, who were on board a pilot boat, supposing her to be ignorant of the coast, put out to her assistance ; but the moment they reached the ship, they were seized, and three long boats at the same time were lowered, with antirmed gang on board each, to attack other boats, which were fishing on the coast ; some of the men immediately jumped out, intending to swim ashore ; but were taken ; others, when ascending the steep rocks, were cruelly dragged back again into the sea with boat hooks, and all were impressed for-thc naval service. Nov. G. — The following is extracted from the Cork Mercan- tile Chronicle of this date, as illustrative of the style of a party provincial newspaper of this day. — " Chairing of Mr. Hutchin- son." — "If an an angel could envy the situation of a human being, elevated to the pinnacle of honour by the enthusiastic gratitude of his fellow beings, he would yesterday have envied the Honourable Christopher Hely Hutchinson ; never did we witness such a scene ! never did the oldest person in our city hear from his progenitors the traditionary description of such an exhibition in Cork or its environs." Feh. 19.' — There was a dreadful storm from the south west, 1813 accompanied with thunder and lightning. March 24. — The freedom of this city was unanimously voted, in silver boxes, to Earl O'Neil, and the Right Hon. Robert Peele, chief secretary to his Grace the Duke of Richmond. July 8. — The whole of the city was brilliantly illuminated in honour of the victory of Vittoria. 244 CORK REMEMBRANCER. . A.D. Aug. 22. — The commercial buildings were finished; they were free to the public until the 29th September, when subscrip- tions commenced. This building was from a design by Thomas Deane, Esq. and was built by a proprietary of 129 share- holders of £100 each, incorporated by charter in the 48th year ofthe reign of George III. Oct. 18. — The common council voted the freedom of this city in a silver box, to Abraham Bradley King, Esq. late lord mayor of Dublin. Dec. 2. — The annual exhibition and sale of cloth, manufactured in the county of Cork, took place at the Cork Institution. Various disasters were occasioned by excessive falls of rain in the neighbourhood of Cork, Healy"s bridge near Inniscarragh was totally swept away, and several of the streets of this city were rendered impassable ffom the state of inundation caused by the floods. 13. — It was stated in court by the recorder, upon the authority of the lamp-collector, that within the space of the previous month, not less than 500 ofthe lamps had been broken in the city. 1814 Jan. 9. — A fire broke out in the rear of the South-main-st. and Tuckey-street, amongst some poor person's houses, and from the difiiculty of approaching the place, raged with considerable fury for some time. Most serious inconvenience resulted from the suspension of travelling, occasioned by a great fall of snow, which far exceeded any similar calamity, within the memory of the oldest inhabitant of this county. March 1 . — A lighter was upset in lough Mahon, by a sudden, squall, by which accident four men were drowned, no boat being able to give them any assistance, the snow and wind were so violent. 14. — Being the day appointed for laying the first stone of the Repository school in Bandon ; the yeomanry corps assembled at an early hour, and marched, with music playing, to the ground, on which the house was to be erected ; they were then drawn out so as to leave a sufficient space for Lady Bandon and the other friends of the Institution j the concourse assembled was immense, CORK REISIEMBRANCER. 245 the walls and tops of the houses adjoining being crowded with A. D. spectators. The yeomanry having taken up their positions, the three lodges of freemasons, followed by the children of the establish- ment, (one hundred and fifty in number) marched in procession to the ground, when the insignia and decorations of the former, with the neat, cheerful, and comfortable appearance of the latter, combined to make this a pleasing and interesting spectacle. When all were arranged in due order, a deputation from the free- masons waited on Lady Bandon at the old school house, where the goveimesses of the Institution and all the gentry of the town and adjoining neighbourhood had previously assembled. Her ladyship then proceeded, accompanied by her daughters, and atten- ded by the governesses and friends of the Institution, and laid in due form the first stone of this extensive building, which is capable of receiving 400 children. The lowei'ing of a flag, according to masonic ceremony, having announced that the stone was deposited in its place, the drums and fifes played God save the king, which was followed by three cheers from the spectators. 20. — Two houses near the new gaol were burnt. 27. — Thomas Deane, esq. was presented with a piece of plate by the corporation of the commercial buildings, in testimony of their approbation of his conduct, in the design, plan, and execution of the work. ^pril 11. — A hnUidiwi feu de joie -w^L^ fired on the Grand Parade, by the troops hi gai-rison, in celebration of the successes of the allies over the enemy. In the evening the city was illuminated. 19. — Brilliant illuminations in honor of the same. July 28. — Some persons having had a quarrel in Smith-street, a centinel, who was posted at one of the king's stores near the spot, endeavoured to drive them from his post, when he was knocked down, but recovering himself, he seized one of the men, and put him into his box as a prisoner, and proceeded to charge his musket; he had scarcely accomplished this, when the man in his custody attempted to run away; the soldier fired, and carried away part of the fellovy's ear. He was again apprehended and put into confinement. W 246 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A. D. jluq. 19. — The freedom of this city, in a silver box, was voted 1S14 . . . to WilHam Gregory, Esq. a distinguished member of the Irish administration. 23. — The oratorio of the Messiah was performed in Christ church by Madame Catalani, assisted by several others. Sept. 2. — A private of the 50th regiment was discovered suspended from a rafter, in an uninhabited house near liaffeen, in which situation, it was supposed, he had been, from the appearance he presented, for three days. Oct. 3. — A number of disorderly fellows having quarrelled in a public house, they were driven out into the street, where they continued fighting, when one party seized one of their opponents, and heaved him over Cross-street bridge into the river; the water however being low, he was enabled to grope his way down the stream, and come out at an opening in Fishamble lane. 21. — ^The 40th regiment left the vessel in which they had embarked, and proceeded in launches to Monkstown, on their way to Cork, having lost the whole of their baggage, See. near Bantry. 28, — The foundation stone of the custom-house on Lapp's island, was this day laid by Robert Aldridge, esq. the collector of customs, who was attended by the officers of the several depart- ments. A brass plate, with a suitable engraving, was placed under the stone, and Mr. Ilargrave, jim. in the absence of his brother, the architect, presented a silver trowel to Mr. Aldridge, with an address. When the ceremony was concluded, Mr. Aldridge gave some bank notes, to be expended by the labourers in drinking the king's health. JVoy. 4. — About eleven o'clock this night, as the Cork and Dublin coach was proceeding up a slight ascent, within three miles of Cashel, it was discovered that the road was blocked up, cars being placed at each side, and a large tree resting upon both. At the same moment two shots were fired, both of which took effect, one upon the coachman, who received the ball in his breast, and the other on an officer of the 38th regiment, who sat behind him, and who was shot in the head. Notwithstanding the wounded state of the coachman, he held his horses in hand, CORK REMEMBRANCER. 247 and though the road was very narrow, dexterously turned them A. D. round, and drove back to New Inn, the last stage he had left. In the mean time one of the guards descended from his seat, and ran to the place whence the shots proceeded, but the miscreants could not be discovered. Upon the arrival of the coach at New Inn, an express was sent off to Cashel for an escort, which having arrived, the coach proceeded on its way, Dec. 15. — A tremendous hurricane commenced about eleven o'clock this night, and continued, without intermission, until late the following day. The roofs of a vast number of houses were stript of their coverings, and a great number of chimneys blown down. In the south military hospital a considerable part of the roof was driven in, three men killed, and others severely hurt ; the new barrack was stript of some of its heavy covering of ton slate ; the parish church of St. Ann Shandon was also stript ; and in the neighbourhood of the city several stacks of hay and corn were prostrated and scattered. Three ships were driven ashore in Cusquinny bay, and one at Aghada, and several others injured. This storm was very general, being also in Dublin, Limerick, &:c. The Society of Arts was established this year for the advance- ^^^^ ment of painting and sculpture, and was at first liberally encou- raged. George 4th, when Prince Regent, presented this Society, in 1820, with a very valuable collection of casts from the antique ; the students were nuftierous, and were instructed in drawing; and a course of lectures on anatomy, as connected with the art of design, was regularly delivered ; but the funds becoming in a few years insufficient to defray the expenses, the casts were transferred to the Royal Cork Institution. Jan. 12. — Four fellows, in a state of intoxication, rushed into St. Mary Shandon church, during divine service, disturbed the congregation, interrupted the clergyman, and shocked all present by their horrid blasphemy. They were removed with much difficulty. Feb. 13.— Dr. Moylan, titular Bishop of Cork, was buried in the North Chapel with great pomp, and on the following day 248 CORK REMEMBRANCER, A- 1), the Veil. Archdeacon Murphy was elected a vicar capitular, until the vacancy in the See was filled up, March 1 . — An interesting trial of skill in ploughing, on the part of six of the agricultural societies of the county Cork, took place in a field near the old Dublin road, about half a mile fronj this city. At the Spring assizes this year, amongst other presentments, the following were passed : — £11 lis., for filling and levelling Warren's-quay, commonly called Lapp's Island 'dock, with 231 cubic yards of earth and rubbish, at Is. per yard: £33 16s. for rebuilding the ferry slip, at the end of the little road leading from the Mardyke to Sunday's-well, then in a ruinous state, and for fixing therein 294 feet of hammered lime or brown stone steps, at Is. 8d. per foot, and for building 24 perches of mason's work, to be contained in quay walls on the east and west sides of said slip, at 7s. 6d per perch; £1029 14s. 6d, for changing, altering, improving and repairing the Glanmire- road, from King-street to the village of Glanmire : £40, for covering over with iron the portcullis of St Patrick's bridge. May 25. — An alarming fire in Mr. Harman's tallow house in Harper's-lane, which entirely consumed it, June 5. — The corporation, appointed by act of parliament for preserving and improving the port of Dublin, (whose power extended over all Ireland) issued a precept directed to commis- sioners and the sheriffs of the county of Cork, to summon a jury to value the site of Roche's tower, and the necessary ground attached thereto, which had been selected for the purpose of erecting a light house thereon. Under this precept Messrs. Crossthwaite Guinness, and Shaw of Dublin, as commissioners, and a jury sat this day at Cove, when they awarded £1426 as compensation. 6. — The Cork and Dublin coach was attacked about two o'clock this night between Caher and Cashel, when seven shots were fired from behind the hedges, the coachman received two slugs in his head, but notwithstanding drove on to Cashel. The road had been previously impeded by cars and trunks of trees placed across. CORK REMEMBRANCER. 249 \0. — The city of Cork steamer was launched at Passage, in A.D. presence of an immense concourse of spectators. This vessel was built by Mr. Andrew Hennfissy. Sept 26.— The common council voted the freedom of this city to Field Marshal Prince Blucher, for his services at the battle of Waterloo, OcL 1. — The freemen voted a piece of plate, or an increase of salary, to William Waggett, Esq., the recorder; but he declined accepting of either. 10. — -The negligent manner, in which the new pump wells of this city were left open, was complained of in the Merca?itile Chronicle of this date ; the inhabitants being exposed to the danger of being precipitated, during the dark winter nights, into enormous pits of water, which lay open like traps in the most frequented streets, 12. — On this night and the following morning there was very heavy rain, and a great flood in the river, by which much damage was done in the city and its neighbourhood ; several of the bridges in the counties of Cork and Kerry suffered materially, particularly those on the line of road from this city to Tralee. Nov. 10. — As five constables were conducting their prisoners from Bantry, they were attacked on the Bandon road, within two miles of this city, with a volley of stones from about thirty fellows, who deprived them of their arms and rescued the prisoners. Two of the escort escaped into town, after having been cruelly beaten, when Mr. sheriff Deane took a party of dragoons with him, and proceeded to the place where the outrage took place, but could receive no information by which he could trace the flight of the i-uffians. Dec. 10. — The weather was very severe, and there having been a gradual thaw on the previous day, there was a considerable flood in the river. Jan. — The Stamp office was removed to Mr. Cahill's house 1816 in Patrick-street, near Newenham's bank. Feb. 10. — A farmer residing near Mitchelstown, whose daughter was about to be married, invited a number of his friends to the wedding. After supper all the young people retired to 250 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A. D. a large barn to dance, where there was a fire, as the nii'ht was 1816 o ' ' B cold. After they had been dancing for some time, they wished to have the fire extinguished, when a young man went into the dwelling-house for some water, and seeing a large jug, brought it into the barn, and supposing it to contain water, though it was in reality filled with spirits, threw it upon the fire ; the barn immediately took fire, as it had no chimney, and before the door could be opened, sixteen persons were almost instanta- neously destroyed, and about twice that number so miserably scorched that their lives were despaired of ; among the latter number was the bride ; the bridegroom was also much injured. The sight presented after this dreadful misfortune was of a most distressing nature — men, women and children lying on the outside of the ruins, so disfigured, that their parents could not recognize them. It was supposed from the appearance of the ruins and the bones found, that from 25 to 30 persons were burned to death, exclusive of those who afterwards died. 26. — Mr. James O'Brien lit his shop in Tuckey-street with gas. The brilliancy of the lamps outside the house, the neatness and novelty of the arrangement, and the extent to which the light was conveyed through his manufactory and workshop, excited general admiration. May 1. — ^The Limerick mail coach travelled, for the first time, the entire of the new line of road from Mallow to Cork, decorated with green boughs ; the country people, who lined the hills at each side of the road in great numbers, cheered it as it passed. 8. — Thirty-four convicts, which had been transmitted from Tipperaiy and other counties, were sent down from the city gaol, and put on board the transports at Cove. June 1 . — At a court of D'Oyer hundred held this day an order of council was read, for letting the ferry between Lapp's island and the new wall, for one year, at the rent of £25, which rent was offered by a member of the court. The project was however abandoned ; a man who was paid twelve guineas per annum, for taking care of the place, residing at the time in a small house at the end of the wall, and having a CORK REMEMBRANCER. 251 boat, in which ptn-sons, desirous of going on the wall for the A.D. purpose of bathing or of recreation, were conveyed for a small remuneration. 21. — Mr. Sadler the aeronaut, arrived in this city. The car, suspended from his balloon, was of an oval shape and was elegantly finished. It was supported at each end by eagles, apparently rising from the shell of the nautilus, which was modelled in a most masterly style, it was lined with purple velvet finished with borders of shamrocks in gold ; on the upper pannel was a mosaic railing, terminating with the Irish harp, so disposed as to form the elbows of the car, and on either side hung pendant the badge and star of the order of St, Patrick, in gold embroidery, encircled with wreaths of oak in relief. This splendid vehicle was attached by ropes of burnished gold, which appeared as pillars supporting the base of the canopy, round which were painted the twelve signs of the zodiac, relieved with clusters of silver stars; the canopy was formed of purple silk, studded with stars of gold, and intersected with spiral lines of oak, which were held by eagles, standing on the edge of the base, and between each of the eagles were the prince's plumes in gold, the drapery purple and yellow, richly embroidered, and trimmed with gold fringe and tassels ; the whole surmounted with a rich coronet, and forming one of the most splendid and elegant vehicles fancy could picture. July 8. — Mr. George James Drinan, accompanied by two excise officers and four soldiers, proceeded to a house in King- street this evening, where they had received information of a private still being at work; upon knocking at the door they were refused admittance, and upon their proceeding to force it in, a shot was fired, by which one of the soldiers was wounded in the hand and thigh. The party then retired, and having acquainted the sheriff's with what had occurred, the latter immediately repaired to the place with a stronger military escort, and having entered without resistance, discovered the whole apparatus, which they brought oft" and lodged in the custom-house. The owner of the house escaped, but his son, a young lad, was secured. 252 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A. D. ]816 Sejit. 2. — About twenty minutes past four o'clock this cvciiing, (a pilot balloon having been previously sent oft" by Mr, Sadler in the barrack yard,) a gun announced the moment for disengaging the great balloon and car, which ascended nearly at the same moment. The direction it took was south, with a little variation to the west, and as it passed over the city, the waving of the flags in the car could be easily discerned. Mr. Sadler was then observed to throw some ballast out, and the ascent was proportionate ; in about twelve minutes more, he entered a cloud, and was invisible for some time ; the balloon again appeared at twenty minutes before five, and was visible for about four minutes at a great distance, in a southerly direction, when it was again lost in a cloud. The following is Mr. Sadler's own account : — " I ascended at twenty minutes before five o'clock, with the wind blowing moderately from the N.W.N. ; the balloon on first rising had an unpleasant motion, but soon became steady ; being now nearly perpendicular over Cork, I detached a parachute, and being too far distant to be observed waving my hat, I took my banner and waved a last farewell to the shouting crowds ; at ten minutes before five, the balloon entered a thick cloud, when the city and the adjacent country became obscured from me ; the balloon was now completely inflated, and the gas rushing out through the safety tube, plainly shewed to me my continued rapid ascent ; from my wish that the many friends, whom I had so few minutes before left, should be further gratified, I determined to descend, and having opened the valve, and allowed sufficient gas to escape, the balloon rapidly descended, when the city and coast, extending towards Bantry to the west, and Waterford to the east, I distinctly perceived, whilst the harbour of Cork, and the interior country, with its various mountains, formed a view, sublime in the extreme ; in order further to gratify the spectators, and shew the power of the machine, I reascended and entered a second cloud at five minutes past five o'clock ; I had previously determined not to remain long, but to effect my landing about Ringabella ; I now therefore began to make preparations for my descent, by placing various things in secure places, to prevent thfir being CORK REMEMBRANCER. 253 thrown out by the concussion of the car, and at 12 minutes past A. D, five I opened the valve, and began gradually to descend; the car first struck in a grass enclosure, and rebounded into the adjoining fieldSjbutthe wind being mild, and the grappling irons having well secured themselves in the hedge, the balloon soon became secured. The first person who appeared was, I believe, the owner of the farm, who was not a little alarmed, for although he had run in a direction towards it, he made a full stop at some distance, enquiring where I came from, and it was not without a great deal of exertion on my part in calling, that he was induced to come near. A servant of Mr. Hodder's next came up, followed by a number of other persons ; he made himself known to me, and said that if the apparatus was taken to his master's house, it should be taken care of. I was then kindly invited to Mr. Foote's, where I partook of refreshment, and was provided with a horse to Mr. Hodder's, where a bed was prepared, and every accom- modation rendered that I could require." 12. — Some persons attacked the house of a farmer who resided in the neighbourhood of Bandon, and attempted to carry off his daughter, a young woman, who was to have been married m a short time. In resisting them the father was run through the body and died almost immediately. Eleven of the gang were afterwards apprehended. Oct. 27. — On this day and the following night there was inces- sant heavy rain, and on the next day a great flood in the river ; three cows, which were washed away, were carried under the north bridge, at one o'clock. JVov. 7. — In consequence of Mr. Knapp, who had been elected mayor, having resigned, Mr. Serjeant Johnson applied to the court of King's bench for a mandamus, on the part of Mr. Fitton, who had also been put in nomination for the office, and had, next to Mr. Knapp, the majority of votes, notwithstanding which, the officers of the court had not returned his name to the lord lieutenant for his approval ; the application was grounded on an affidavit of Mr. Fitton.* After a long legal argument * The particulars of Mr. Serjeant Johnson's speech were as follows : — " the last charter obtained by the corporation, by which former ones were cunfirmed, 254 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A.D. between Mr. Serjeant Johnson, on the part of Mr. Fitton, and Mr.Serjeant Joy, on the part of the corporation, the court refused Mr. Fitton's application, and expressed their wish that the parties would arrange matters in such a way as to prevent the case from again coming before them. Serjeant Joy then moved for a mandamus, to be directed to the sheriffs and commonalty of Cork, to proceed to a new election of mayor ; his application was grounded upon the affidavit of Mr. Jones the town clerk, and after some opposition from Serjeant Johnson, was granted; and accordingly on the 18th, the election was entered upon, when John Travers, esq. was put forward in opposition to the Friendly club, but his nomination not having been recognized by the presiding officer, the election was carried on in the was from Charles I, and was dated on the 5th of April, in the seventh year of that king's reign; among, other things, this charter directed, thatoneof the most discreet of the citizens should be chosen mayor, and it granted to the mayor, sheriffs and commonalty, and their successors, power and authority to assemble and elect yearly such mayor from the commons, to continue in office for one year from the feast of St. Michael ; there was also a provision in the charter for the death or amotion of any mayor while in otfice, in either of which events, one of the commonalty was to be elected for the residue of the year, and these were the only circumstances provided for. There had been various bye-laws since made, and the court, the learned serjeant said, would see that they were in direct violation of the charter ; according to one of these, the mayor and two sheriffs made choice, each man, of three persons out of the common council, who, with the new mayor and sheriffs, made twelve, these twelve went into a room, and there continued until they made choice of three other persons out of the common council, to be offered to the freemen as candidates for the mayoralty, one of whom they elected by votes, and in case the twelve men continued to disagree until twelve o'clock at night, the then mayor and sheriffs made choice next day of three more, and proceeded as before, by which method no person but one of the common council could be chosen mayor ; this bye-law continued to be acted upon for 48 years, when in the year 1667, another bye-law was made, whereby it was resolved, that the mayor and sheriffs as formerly, should choose three persons each, who were to retire as before, and if they disagreed until twelve o'clock at night, the mayor was the next day at ten o'clock to call a council, the majority of which were to agree upon three persons of the council to be offered as candidates. This bye-law continued in force until the year 1721, and operated as the preceding one, to keep the eligibility to the office exclusively in the common council. In November, 1721, all former bye-laws were rescinded by one then passed. CORK REMEMBRANCER. 255 usual manner, when Mr. Richard Allen was declared duly A.D. elected. Dec. 4. — A violent storm, accompanied by a heavy fall of rain ; many chimneys were blown down, and other injuries done to several houses. 24. — About twelve o'clock this night, Mr. Edward Daly was attacked near Faulkner's-lane by five or six soldiers,who knocked him down, wounded him severely in the head, and robbed him of a gold watch. In consequence of the above outrage, the mayor, sheriffs, and several respectable citizens, waited on the general then in command of the garrison, to request his inter- ference in preventing the soldiers from being out at night from their quarters. by which the majority of suffrages was established ; this, the Serjeant stated, was a considerable approximation to the spirit of the charter, but not being in accordance with the wishes of some persons who were then in the council, another was made on the 14th February 1721, which, according to the old style which then existed, followed November, and that bye-law was the one then in question. Serjeant Johnson then read the bye-law, which regulated, that the election of mayor should be held on the usual day, which was three months before the feast of St Michael, or the Monday next after, and regulated that the names of the resident burgesses should be put into a hat, five of whom should be drawn out, and put in nomination, from amongst whom the mayor was to be chosen by the majority of the freemen present ; this is the bye-law, continued the seijeant, which was then enacted, and has been since acted upon, and in violation, as it is, of the charter; the consequences resulting from it are stated in the affidavit upon which this motion is grounded ; this bye-law continued until 1743, and was even then made subservient to the purposes of interestpd individuals, who in that year established the Friendly club, which they formed for the purpose of monopolizing to themselves the honors and emoluments of the city, and regulating and controlling the concerns of the corporation, to the exclusion altogether of the rest of the freemen. This club then consisted of 287 members — upwards of 100 of whom were residents of the city, and were all bound together by some secret tie, and by private resolutions, entered in a book, which, if it be legal, said the Serjeant, they are now invited to produce, and it is further alledged in this affidavit, that the said club take upon them to nominate persons from amongst themselves, to serve the office of sheriff, and that they have established a modification of the bye-law, by which they have taken away the right from the body of freemen, as they are pledged to support the eldest of the five burgesses drawn out of the hat, as mentioned above. 256 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A.D. 24. — At a meeting of the Court of D'oyer hundred, held this day, an item of five guineas in one of the accounts, for decorating the statue of George the 2d on the 1st of July, was objected to by a member of the court, who, however, subsequently withdrew his opposition, as the expense had been incm-red, and the account was passed. About this time, from the scarcity of food, the poor were in a miserable state of want. 1817 Jan, 22. — The gate from Seymour"s-lane to the meat market was re-opened. The weather was extremely boisterous, heavy rains and high winds were prevalent, there were also very high floods in this city, and its vicinity. ^pr'il 30. — John Travers, esq. having applied for an order to file a criminal information against Mr. sheriff Perry and the other members of the Friendly club, for the part which they had taken in the election of the late mayor ; the conditional order, which had then been obtained, was refused to be made absolute, in consequence of Mr. Travers having been shortly before a member of the same body, and therefore a. pai'ticeps crhninis. May 13. — This day Serjeant Joy endeavoured to shew cause, why a conditional order, (which had been obtained, at the suit of Mr. Travers, in the previous term, in the Court of King's Bench, for a quo warranto against Edward Allen, esq. mayor I of Cork,) should not be made absolute ; when, after much argu- ment on both sides, the application was granted by the chief justice, who thus expressed himself: — "It appears to us that enough has been shewn to put the bye law in question in a train of legal inquiry as to its validity, and that the number of persons eligible has been contracted ; and if this shall be found to be the case, there can be no doubt but it is an illegal bye law." 25. — A most destructive fire in a house near the post-office, in Charleville, which consumed the three adjoining houses. June 4. — The light house at Roche's tower was commenced. 9. — The mayor called a meeting of the principal inhabitants of this city at the Commercial buildings, to adopt measures for the relief of the poor, then in great distress from the high price of CORK REMEMBRANCER. 257 provisions ; when it was determined, that a number of gentlemen A. D. should be sworn in as peace officers, so as to keep the city quiet, and every exertion used to obtain a regular supply of provisions. These resolutions afforded general satisfaction, as many outrages had been committed by the populace in search of provisions ; on one occasion the mayor had been compelled to read the riot act, and order the cavalry to charge, by which several persons were hurt. 18. — At a meeting of the committee of the Dispensary and Humane Society, it was resolved, that in consequence of the alarming increase of fever, the monks' school house in Peacock- lane, and the benevolent offers of an individual (who concealed his name) to floor the room and provide fifty pallet beds, so as to establish an additional fever house, be received with gratitude by the committee. In about a fortnight after, there were 200 patients received. Sejot. 12, — Sir Francis Burdett arrived in this city, and, as he passed through the streets, was loudly cheered by the populace. Previous to his arrival here he visited Lord Llandaff, Earl Glengall, Lord Lismore and Mr. Ashley, at the celebrated castle of Lismore, from which he proceeded to Cove. From Cove he visited colonel Roche, at Trabolgan, and the military works in the harbour ; from Cove he went to Cork ; on the 14th dined with capt. White, on the 15th visited Mr. O'Connor, and on the 16th arrived at Palace Anne, the seat of Mr. Bernard, from whence he paid a visit to Mr. StaweU of Kilbritain, and on the I9th, arrived at Bantry. On his arrival at Bantry the demonstrations of public regard were very striking ; bonfires blazed in many parts of the town, and several houses were brilliantly illuminated ; six tierces of porter were ordered during the course of the evening for the people assembled, which they declined accepting, declaring that they had met solely for the purpose of paying to the illustrious patriot, the best tribute of their respect. On the 20th Sir Francis went by water to view the bay of Bantrj', and the sublime and delightful scenery of GlengarifF, with which he was so gratified, that he paid it next day a second visit, in which he was accompanied 258 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A. D. by all the boats in the bay ; on leaving the town of Bantry, he left a sum of money with the parish priest to distribute amongst the poor ; the 22d he spent at Ardnagashill, the seat of Arthur Hutchins, esq., and on the 23d he reached Killarney; the 25th was spent upon the lakes in company with a water club, consisting of the respectable persons of the town and vicinity, when Sir Francis was accompanied by his friends the Messrs. O'Connor, and the celebrated Irish piper of the same name. Oct. 14. — A coal store at the south side of Blarney-lane, yielding to the pressure of the great quantity of coals, tumbled down the declivity, and came with such violence against another store at the north abbey, as to force in the roof; by this accident a young lad was killed, and two men seriously injured. 21. — At nine o'clock this night, at his apartments at Brompton, died the right honourable John Philpot Curran. This distin- guished advocate, orator, and patriot, was born in the town of Newmarket, near Cork, of very humble parents, and entered upon life without a friend, but of his own creation, or a shilling which was not the hard earned produce of his own exertions. 25. — The post boy, conveying the mail from Youghal to Cork, was stopped this evening by two armed men, who took possession of the mail ; upon hearing the cries of the boy, one Michael Echran, who was going towards Glanmire, rushed boldly forward, upon which the robbers made their escape into Lota wood, leaving the mail behind them, which was safely delivered by the boy, at the post office. Fever was very prevalent. Dec. 8. — At a meeting of the inhabitants of this city, held at the commercial buildings, the lord bishop of Cork and Ross in the chair, it was resolved, that a savings bank be established in this city, for the purpose of receiving, and investing in govern- ment securities, svich small sums as might be saved from the earnings of tradesmen, clerks, mechanics, labourers, servants, &c. and of affording to industrious persons the two fold advantage of security and interest for their deposits, until required by them for their future wants or advancement in life. CORK REMEMBRANCER. 259 Jan, 5. — The corporation of this city having voted addresses A- D. to the prince regent, and prince Leopold, expressive of their affectionate condolence on the death of the princess Charlotte, the mayor received a letter of this date from lord Sidmouth, one of the principal secretaries of state, acquainting him that his royal highness had received same most graciously, and that the address to prince Leopold had been forwarded to Claremont; in reply to which, the mayor also received a letter from Robert Gardiner, esq. expressive of Prince Leopald's feelings of confidence and consolation, in the atiection and interest it manifested in his affliction. Mr. Leslie Foster was unanimously voted his freedom in a silver box. Feb. 8. — The Roman Catholic chapel of Ban don was plundered of about seven or eight pounds, and a chalice belong- ing to the parish priest. The small-pox was very prevalent in this city. March 26. — There were two grand oratorios in Christ church, on this day, and on the 30th, for charity; the receipts during the two days amounted to nearly £800. Mai/ 18. — An establishment for the gratuitous vaccination of the poor was opened in Coach street. 19. — The great influx of beggars into the city was complained of in this day's paper, in which it was stated, that it was impossible to walk the streets and not be forcibly struck with the different accents of the mendicants, who rudely and perseveringly solicited assistance ; it was also affirmed, that within the previous week, one hundred and fifty beggars passed through one of the toll-gates in the neighbourhood of this city, on their way from Dublin and the interior of the country. A very fine camera obscura was erected near the statue on the Grand Parade, and continued to be exhibited there for several years. June 14. — About one o'clock, a number of prisoners, chiefly convicts, exceeding one hundred, made a sudden attack on the keepers of the county gaol, for the purpose of effecting their escape ; having supplied themselves with a quantity of stones, 260 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A. D. which the unfinishod state of the yard afforded, thev commenced 1818 this rash and desperate attempt ; the moment the door was opened to distribute clean Huen, Sec, they began an attack on Mr. Murphy, the gaoler, and his assistants, by a shower of stones, and succeeded in jamming the door so as to prevent its being closed, by which three of the most active ringleadei's gained the passage leading to the inner yard ; they were however almost instantly repulsed, and secured by the activity of two of Mr. Murphy's principal assistants, whose timely efforts enabled him to compel the prisoners to return to their wards, and to secure the ringleaders in irons. 29. — A soldier who circulated a report that the City of Cork, river steam vessel, was lost outside this harbour, was tried for same by a court martial, and having been found guilty, was sentenced to be flogged, which sentence was put into execution the same day. June 30. — The Cork Commercial Tavern, adjoining the Commercial Buildings, was opened this day with a subscription dinner, at which all the respectable merchants and traders of this city attended. Sept. 3. — The high sheriff, on the part of the corporation of Cork, proceeded to Killarney, to invite the lord lieutenant and his suite to dinner, which invitation his excellency was pleased to accept, and accordingly having arrived on the evening of the ninth at Ballincollig, on his way to Cork, he was received with discharges of cannon. The city sheriffs and a troop of dragoons were in attendance, and escorted the carriages which contained the viceregal party, until they reached Scragg's Hotel, in George's-street, which was brilliantly illuminated. The walls and windows were festooned with variegated lamps, in the centre of which, was a grand transparency with the Talbot arms. In the course of the next day, addresses were presented to his excellency by the mayor and corporation, the merchants and the clergy, and deputations from the Cork Institution and Society of Arts waited upon his excellency ; in the evening he was entertained at the Mansion-house, and on the following day, proceeded in admiral Hallowell's barge to Haulbowline, and CORK REMEMBRANCER. 261 Spike Island, and the Forts, &c. after which he was entertained A.D. on board the Hag ship, the Tonnant. Sept. 22. — This city and neighbourhood was visited by a storm, more violent than h:id been for some time experienced at this sea- son of the year. It commenced about nine o'clock at night, when incessant flashes of very vivid lightning, and loud peals of thunder were first observed, and to these succeeded the heaviest rain that was remembered for some time, accompanied by a violent gale from the north-east, which continued, occasionally intermitting, until the; following morning, when the scattered slates and tiles in various parts of the city, told of the severity of the night. Oct. 1. — The custom-house was finished, and business began to be transacted in it, in the various revenue departments. Oct. 26. — As Parker Dunscombe, esq. was returning from Mount Desert, a fellow rushed forward, grasped the reins of his bridle, and called out that he would shoot him if he did not stop. Mr. Dunscombe, perceiving that he was armed, pushed forward, and had arrived at the gateway leading to Mr. Wise's, when three men sprung out from behind the wall, evidently with an intention of stopping him. The horse,- however, startled and made off, and Mr. Dunscombe arrived at his own house in safety. An association, called the Southern Fishery Association, was instituted at a public meeting held at Kinsale this day ; its object was to further the fisheries on this coast, and to protect and encourage the use of trammel nets. 29. — A gentleman of the name of Nicholson was stopped about nine o'clock at night a little beyond the lough, on the old Kinsale road, by a highwayman, who, having seized his horse, deliberately fired at him; the ball however only grazed his forehead, and his horse having sprung forward, he was rescued from death. JVby. 3. — A letter appeared in the Southern Reporter, of this date, complaining of it being the practice to expose dead bodies in coflins in the public streets, in order to procure money for their interment. 11. — About twelve o'clock this day, a vessel called the Sylvan vias wrecked upon the Sovereign Islands; these two rocks X 262 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A.D. arc distant from the shore about an EngUsh-mlle, they rise snddenly as it were from the ocean, but are surrounded at the base by projecting cliff's; the distance of the two rocks from each other is just so much as to liave admitted the vessel to get in between them, where she was completely wedged, and in which situation, her bottom being on the rocks, she was soon beaten to pieces ; we have given this description of the islands in order to render the account which follows, more intelligible. Towards the close of this day, when a fog, which had arisen, was in some measure dissipated, and when the sea had somewhat abated, the mast qf a vessel with something of the appear- ance of a man clinging to the rigging could be descried from the shoi'e at Oyster Haven; night however, and the tempestuous, sea which still prevailed, rendered it impossible to make any effort to afford assistance; and those who witnessed his perilous situation had little doubt but that a few hours would terminate his life : the night closed, it was one of great horror, thei*e was a high wind and heavy rain, it was for the most part dark, save. when now and again a gleam of moonshine made the scene more visibly terrific. The morning broke without any abatement having taken place in the violence of the elements ; but the boatmen from Oysterhaven, who had witnessed the scene of the preceding night were early in motion, and rowed in a tremenduously heavy sea towards the islands ; as they proceeded they encountered several pieces of wreck, and upon nearing the islands perceived something like a human being moving backwards and forwards, and upon approaching as close as the heavy surge would admit them, could distinctly see that it was a boy ; to relieve him at the moment was impossible, the destruction of the boat and crew would have been the certain consequences of any attempt of the kind, for the sea still continued dreadfully agitated, and the wind extremely high. These circumstances being communicated to Mr. Cramer, who resided near Oyster-haven, he immediately had them made known to Mr. Newman, the sovereign of Kinsale, who, at about ten o'clock on the morning of the twelfth, proceeded to the spot, and promised the crew of a Kinsale boat :i ivw.'ud of ti'ii guineas, if they succeeded in relieving the l.'URK REMEMBRAXCER. 263 linfortuuato boy on the islancL These gallant fellows, having been provided with some warm wine in bladders, and other means of refreshment, proceeded to sea, which was as tempestuous as ever, and the wind still as high. The cliffs on the coast were at this time ci-owded with country people from the interior, and during the occasional evaporation of the lo-w fogs, the boy on the island could be seen running to and fro. The boat from Kinsale now appeared in view, making for the island, which two others from Oysterhaven had been previously endeavouring to approach, but ineflectually. For several hours their exertions were fruitless, the mountain billows, which dashed upon the rdcks, creating a surge which threatened destruction to any boat which approached it : yet one effort was made which deserves particular notice; the king's boat stationed at Oysterhaven, with Mr. Maunsell, a gentleman of the revenue from Kinsale, Mr. Holmes, and the crew proceetled towards the island, with a small punt in tow; on coming as close within its range as the surf allowed them, the former gentleman and two of the crew took to the pimt, and were almost immedi- ately lifted upon the very rocks of the island, at the spot where the miserable inhabitant was watching them with the most intense anxiety. The wave which thus threw them in receded, and left the punt for a few minutes on the rock, during which time they threw out a rope, which the boy caught, and almost at the same moment another wave bore off" the punt filled with water, and neai'ly overwhelmed ; they were then with difficulty taken on board the pinnace, from whence signs were made to the boy to tic the rope round his body, and thrust himself to the waves ; afraid however, or ignorant of tiie meaning of their gestures, he wound the rope round his hand, but in a moment hastened to take it off", threw it away, and again mounted the cliffs. Night was now fast closing in, and the sea and wind continued unabated ; the boats were reluctantly obliged to retire, and leave the unfortunate boy for the second night upon this desolate rock ■without food or shelter, and with all the fearful anticipation that before morning, cold and hunger would terminate his existence ; aa they retreated, he was seen collecting, in a kind of cavein, a A.D. 1818 264. CORK REMEMBRANCER. A-D. niiantitv of weeds with the intention of making a bed, and 1818 ^. . ' . . picking from the earth some wild vegetables with which the rock abounds, and which he was observed to eat, when a fog suddenly concealed him from further observation. Reluctant to suffer such an interval as between night and morning to pass, without making a new effort in behalf of the boy, at eleven o'clock at night, the crew of Mr, Gibbon's whale boat manned her, and attempted to get out, but could not succeed; in the morning long before day, she again started with Lieuts. Bevan and Nason, of the royal navy, and John Isaac Heard, esq., and rowed towards the island, but with no hope of reaching it, as the sea and wind were still higher than on either of the two preceding mornings, and the scene altogether more terrific. The worst apprehensions were entertained for the boy, who had been then two days and two nights on the rock, without any other food than the wild vegetables which it yielded ; those fears were in some degree relieved, when he was again seen from the boat, moving about, but hope derived no support from the aspect of the morning which promised a bad and stormj'^ day. After I'enewed but fruitless efforts to gain any point of the island, the whale boat was obliged to return to Kinsale, which it reached about 12 o'clock, after having been several times in danger of being swamped ; here a most interesting scene took place, the crew of an American vessel, the Dayad, which was undergoing some repairs in the dock-yard of Messrs. Gibbons and Co., volunteered to go out in the whale boat, and make an effort to rescue the boy; their services were gratefully accepted, and they swore they never would return if they did not succeed. They then proceeded to make an experiment by firing a musket ball with a rope attached to it, which was found to convey it with ease as far as they considered would be necessary, and thus provided, they pi'oceeded to sea. In the mean time the boats from Oysterhaven had got into activity, and they could be seen for three hours in succession, contending with, but scarcely living in the breakers at the base of the rock ; as the situation. of the boy became more hopeless, their exertions increased, and their desperate daring was more visible ; it was impossible that CORK REMEMBRANCER. 265 he could have survived another niaht, and the knowledge of this A. D. circumstance seemed to infuse new resolution in the hearts of the men. Two boats were seen for a long time supporting each other in their perilous undertaking ; yet they were frequently concealed for minutes together, in the dip of the sea, or in the surge of the breakers ; the day was then far advanced, and to those, who were on the coast provided with glasses, and who could see what was going forward, there appeared as little hope of rescuing the boy as on the preceding day, and his fate seemed inevitable ; they did not know however the resolution which the crews seemed to have formed, either to succeed or perish, and the interest of the scene was raised to intense and feverish excitement, when one of the men, a brave and dauntless fellow, named Jack Carty, the owner of one of the Oysterhaven boats, was observed to be tying a rope round his body, and in a few minutes to throw himself with the most fearless devotion into a surge, in which his boat could not live : we need not describe the sensation which prevailed, all attention was now turned towards this heroic fellow, and the suspense was indescribable, until he was seen clinging to, and occasionally climbing the cliffs where an immense sea had left him ; he succeeded in mounting beyond the reach of the spray, and was soon most actively employed in assisting the poor boy, who was in a completely exhausted state of mind and body, and who could with difficvdty descend to where his preserver beckoned him ; at length he reached him, and Jack Carty proceeded to invest his body with the rope, which he had taken from his own, and then performed the duty of ushering him to the spot where he had himself been thrown, where he consigned him to the waves. Doubt and anxiety were again painfully excited, while the men in the boat were drawing him through the breakers and seas through which he should pass before his safety could be said to be insured, but both were dissipated when he was seen taken in over the gunnel, which was announced by three cheers from the men in the boats. During these few moments of agitation, the intrepid Jack Carty, who remained on the island, was forgotten, but the boy's safety being known, all eyes were turned to the former, who 266 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A- D. could bo distinctly seen sitting down with the utmost composure on a point of rock, waiting for his own chance of being released. This happily was not long accomplishing, a rope was flung on the cliffs, and Jack, more adroit than his predecessor on the island, soon seized and tied it round his waist and shoulders. Notwithstanding the perils of the scene, it was almost whimsical to see this fine fellow collecting the boy's and his own clothes, which he deliberately tied up in a bundle and put under his arm, and then descending to the most favourable spot, watched his opportunity and threw himself into the sea, from which in the course of about five minutes he was released by his compa- nions, who gave loud cheers, which were returned from those parts of the land where they could be heard ; it was then half-past two o'clock ; the whale boat with the American crew arrived almost at the moment Carty had got into his boat, but they were in sight some time before, and were seen rowing in the most undaunted manner in the heavy sea, and almost in the surge, choosing the most accessible point of the island. Upon learning the safety of the boy, they gave three cheers and returned to Kinsale, scarcely less entitled to public gratitude, than if they had been the instruments of his preservation ; other boats also arrived at the moment, ignorant of what had occurred, but all determined to make a simultaneous eflort. Lieut. Desprang, of the I'oyal navy, and lieut. Blackyer, of the regiment, had proceeded in one boat with geese and turkeys, to which were attached such pieces of bread as they could be supposed to carry, and which were to be fled in the direction of the island when the boat got sufficiently near for that purpose ; these preparations were happily rendered unnecessary ; but those, who provided them and undertook their superintendence, were entitled to the greatest praise. 1819 Feb. 20 — There was a violent storm of hail at an early hour this night, it commenced from the north-west, and continued with unabated fury during the entire of the next day ; part of a house near the mansion house was blown down, and the roofs of several others injured ; a ^great cjuantity of glass was also blown in. CORK REMEMBRANCER. 267 Marcli 12. — About half-past seven this evening, a number of AD. the criminals in the county gaol were detected in the act of breaking the wall, for the purpose of making a rush on the guard and turnkeys ; a leg taken from an iron bedstead was their chief implement in breaking the wall. jlpr'd 20 — A spinning school was established in this city, into which twenty-four poor children were admitted, without distinction of religious persuasion. May 21 — The common council of this city deliberated upon an application, made to them by the Dean and Chapter of Cork, to grant the castle of I31ackrock for a church : the result was that the application was refused. June 7 — The foundation stone of the Roman Catholic Chapel at Blackrock, was laid by Wni. Beamish, esq. assisted by Wm. Crawford and C. Barrington, esqrs. Oct. 24 — The repairs of St. Ann Shandon having been com- pleted, that church was opened for divine service this day. Dec. — The inspection of the pensioners, which had been going on for sometime at the new Barrack in this city, terminated, when the numbers approved of amounted to seven hundred and forty-seven . 18 — This morning about half-past two o'clock, two houses recently built in Cove fell in, and buried in their ruins twelve unfortunate persons ; the heavy rains had undermined the cliiF which was behhid them. Jan. 4. — There was a very severe frost. 1810 12. — A gang of rufilans, who for a long time infested the streets at night, plundering cars and committing several depredations, were apprehended, and lodged in bridewell by Mr, sheriff" White. 17. — The Cork and Dublin coach was attacked at Ballypatrick, at 12 o'clock this night, by a large party, who fired several shots, which were returned by the guards so resolutely, that the assai- lants made off. James Tucker was this day tried at the sessions, held before the mayor, recorder, and justices of this city, for publishing blasphemous and seditious libels, (one of which was in the form 268 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A; D. of a parody on the church catechism,) and heing found guilty, was sentenced to fifteen months' imprisonment. This season was remarkable for the severity of the weather, it being generally supposed that the frost equalled that of the year 1739 ; many of the largest rivers in the county, having continued frozen for some days, it became necessary to have recourse to sledges to break the ice, to enable the farmers to procure water for their cattle ; the Lee was crossed in various places by foot passengers. On the evening of the 17th, a thaw commmenced, which was succeeded by severe showers of sleet ; on the following day there was an extremely heavy fall of snow, with a cold bleak wind from the north east ; towards night it blew tremendously, accompanied by violent showers of sleet and rain, which in the city at least had the effect of removing the snow, but the rain having ceased in the course of the night, the frost again set in, and with such severity, as to render travelling both difficult and dangerous ; this weather continued for five weeks, in consequence of which the poor were reduced to the greatest poverty and misery, many having been compelled to pawn the wretched coverings of their beds, to obtain the means of subsistence for their starving families. A large covered coal store, belonging to the Messrs. Wise, which contained upwards of a thousand tons of Scotch coals, 1 was observed this morning to exhibit alarming symptoms of spontaneous combustion. Some hundreds of labourers were immmediately employed to remove the coals to an adjoining yard ; as they proceeded in the work, the coals became hotter, and the smoke and vapour increased to such an extent as greatly to incommode the workmen ; and notwithstanding their exertions, the smoke encreased to such a degree, that little doubt was entertained of the coals being actually on fire : an alarm was instantly spread through the city that the distilleiy was in flames, which caused the greatest consternation, as it blew a violent snow storm at the time ; at length, by the combined exertions of the agents of the assurance offices, the sheriffs, constables, and a large party of the military, the fire was so far .got imder on the 21st, as to remove every apprehension of danger. The coals CORK REMEMBRANCER. 2G9 were examined, and found to contain iron pyrites, (sulphate of A. p. iron) which having been put into the store during wet weather excited a spontaneous fermentation, and not having been checked had caused the combustion. Tlie weather increased in severity, the snow was several feet deep in the streets, and in various parts of the comitry, the roads were scarcely discernible. Jan. 21. — A poor woman perished in a large heap of snow near Gallows-green. 22. — A change took place in the weather this day ; it commenced raining, and continued with little intermission until the 24th. The consequence of this sudden transition was extremely calamitous. The quick dissolution of the masses of ice and accumulations of snow on the mountains, at the sources of the Lee and its tributary streams, caused the river to be much swollen, and the water still continuing to increase until seven o'clock, at that hour a great part of the city was inundated ; Hammond's marsh, Clarke's marsh, Hanover street, Nile street, Cross street, and all the lanes, by which they were intersected , presented an uninterrupted sheet of water, on which were rapidly hurried along fragments of furniture, tables, chairs, &c. The houses had at least four or five feet of water on the ground floor. The state of the poor who resided in the wretched houses, which were principally under water, was most melancholy ; boats continued to ply in several of the streets, until dusk, affording assistance to the poor, at which time the waters fell considerably. The shipping in Ihe river in some instances suffered ; about one o'clock a Welsh vessel lying at Pope's qviay was forced away by the current. The captain and five men who expected nothing less than total destruction, by her being carried against Patrick's bridge, dropped a boat from her stern, and got into it ; but they had scarcely lowered her, when she filled and went down : the captain and two boys were drowned, the others were with difh- culty saved. The vessel in the meantime was hurried against the portcullis of the bridge, when she sustained some injury, but the two women and the mate, who remained on board, were saved. Y 270 CORK REMEMBRANCER. A. D. The sessions court was adioumed by one of the magistrates, 1820 . . as the recorder could not leave his house on Bachelor's quay, in consequence of the flood. 25. — The quoin of the abutments, and part of the new arch, recently added to the north bridge, were swept away by the flood early this morning. A meeting of the clergy and church wardens was held at the Mansion-house this day, to take into consideration the state of the poor, and enter into subscriptions for their relief. Feh. 8. — King George the IV, was proclaimed in this city. 16. — This being the day appointed for the funeral of his majesty king George the III, there was a general suspension of business in this city. The citizens and the military of the gaiTison attended their respective places of worship, which were hung with black, to accord with the solemnity of the melancholy occasion, and appropriate sermons were preached in each. The shijjping in the harbour struck their flags half mast high; and on the whole, it was a day of gloom and sorrow ; all denominations of persons being anxious to testify their regret for our venerated, pious and gracious monarch. 29. — The mayor, sheriffs, recorder, and commonalty of this city voted an address of condolence to king George the IV, on the demise of his late majesty, and of congratulation on his own accession. THE END. 271 apprntiiAr* EXTRACTED FROM CERTAIN ROLLS. FORMING PART OF POPE NICHOLAS' TAXATION, A.D. 1291.* Taxation of the goods of the Bishop of Cloyne, throughout his whole diocese, according to the true value, as well in demesne land, as in rents, mills, profits of a few sheep, perquisites of Chapter-courts and procuration; rated at one hundred and eighty-five marks, whereof a tenth is eighteen marks and a half. Estimate of the Prebends of the Church of Cloyne. Prebend of the Dean of Cloyne, Master Philip Segda : the chapel of Carry- gogmach — rated at seven marks, whereof a tenth is nine shillings and fourpence. Jurisdiction of the same, — ten shillings, whereof a tenth is twelve pence. Prebend of the precentor of "William de Valla : the church of Kyhnodof- nog, — ten pounds, a tenth is twenty shillings. Master Adam Handum receives a third part. Prebend of the chancellor Richard de Barri : the church of Glenowyr, — twenty-eight marks and a half, whereof a tenth is thirty-eight shillings. Prebend of the treasurer Master John Blund : eight marks, a tenth is ten shillings and eight pence. The vicar Master Charles, receives a third part. Prebend of the archdeacon, Master Maurice O'Sullevan : the church of Atheros Neynan, and a moderate portion of Clenowyr,— rated at fifty shillings. Jurisdiction of same, — tea marks, whereof a tenth is one mark. Prebend of Master John Cantok : a portion of the church of Brigowe, — at four marks, whereof a tenth is five shillings and four pence. Prebend of Master Richard Ocarran : the church of Athull, — at sixteen shillings and eight pence, whereof a tenth is twenty pence. Prebend of Master Gilbert Maab»m : a portion of Wissert and a portion of Drunior, — forty shillings, whereof a tenth is four shillings. * In the year 1288 Pope Nicholas ihe Fourth granted the tithes of Great Britain and Ireland to King Edward the first for six years, towards defraying the expenses of an expedition to the Holy land ; and in order that they might be collected to their full value, a taxation by the King's precept was commenced the same year. The above extract, which we have translated, relates to the valuation of the dioceses of Cork, Cloyne and Ross, which was completed in the year 1291. 272 CORK REMEMBRANCER Prebend of Master Charles Odonkeda : the church of Sobiltre, — two mark?, whereof a tenth is two shillings and eight pence. Prebend of Master John Ohonetan : the church of Cul and Brcgwach, — four marks, whereof a tenth is five shillings and four pence. Preband of Master David O'Sullevau : the church of Balycaranych, — two marks and a half, w-hereof a tenth is forty pence. Prepcnd of Master Philip Obrodere : the chnrch of Cathirultan, — three marks, whereof a tenth is four shillings. Prepend of Thomas Osithethan : the church of Kylcridan, — tw'o marks and a half, whereof a tenth is forty pence. Prepend of Master Philip O'Hynovan : the Church of Imscara and ^Magumkeda, — twenty shillings, a tenth is two shillings. Common property (communia) of the whole church of Cloyne, — rated at ten pounds, whereof a tenth is twenty shillings. Estimate of the goods of the Abbot de Chorobenedicti in rents, husbandry, profits of court and mills, — twenty marks, a tenth is two marks. They are however burdened with debt beyond their estimated moiety. Estimate of the demesne of the Abbot de Albo-tractu, which does not hold communication with {tion conversat) the diocese of Cloyne, and ( ) of his court, — si.\ marks, whereof a tenth is eight shillings. Estimate of all the goods of the Abbot de Castro Dei, in Fermoy, — tvveuty-five marks, whereof a tenth is two marks and a half. They are so burdened with debt, that they have not the means of support. Estimate of the goods of the Priory of the blessed Virgin Mary de Ponte, in Fermoy, in demesne land, husbandry rents, profits of animals, courts and mills, extends to forty-one pounds fifteen shillings, whereof a tenth is six marks eighteen pence. Estimate of the priory of the blessed Thomas and Mary, near Bucon, in demesne land, husbandry, profits of animals and a mill, — fifteen pounds, whereof a tenth is thirty shillings. Estimate of the Ecclesiastical benefice of Cinakylle. The church of Ygohcl, of which the rector is, this year, Nicholas de Cler; the vicar Robert dc Halywell, — valued at twenty -five pounds, whereof a tenth is fij'ty shillings. The church of Inchicoyn : the rector and vicor of which is the same, — at ten pounds, whereof a tenth is twenty shillings. The Chapel of Ardaych : the rector and vicar of which is the same, — at fo'ur pounds, whereof a tenth is eight shillings. The Chapel of Inchembramf ; the rector and vicar of which is the same, — at two pounds, whereof a tenth is four shillings. The chapel of Itirnnoriw : the rector and vicar of which is the same, — at eight marks, whereof a tenth is ten shillings and eight pence. A particle belonging to the rectory of Eglassyn, viz., Bal\ alan, — one mark, whereof a tenth is sixteen pence. The Chapel of Sardeywochy, of which tlic Abbot of St. Thomas is rector, — two marks, whereof a tenth is two shillings and eight pence. APPENDIX, The clwjjcl of Botyllaii, with a propoition of the rectory, — rated at Iwd marks, whereof a tenth is two shillings and eight-pence. The church of Kylmayne : the rector of which is the prior of the hospital, which is exempt ; the vicar is Philip O'Colman,— seven pounds, a tenth of the vicarage, is four shillings and eight-pence. The chapel of Balygornu : the rectors of which are the prior of Exeter, and Philip Ocelman ; the vicar is Maurice M'ethgan, — at live marks, whereof a tenth is half a mark. The chapel of Ninch, — eight marks, whereof a tenth is ten shillings and eight-pence. The church of Gorkbeg, — one hundred shillings, whereof a tenth is ten shillings. The church of Athfadrt, — two pounds, thirteen shillings, and four pence, whereof a tenth is five shillings and four pence. The church of Roskelan, — (a tenth of the vicarage is four shillings,") four pounds, whereof a tenth is eight shillings. The chapel of Rath, — two marks, whereof a tenth is two shillings and eight pence. The chapel of Fitz-Robert, — three pounds two shillings, whereof a tenth is six shillings and two pence. The church of Moyosich : the hospitallers are the rectors, — thirty-two shillings, a tenth of the vicarage is nineteen shillings. Thomas M'b^m, and John de Lees, who is dead, are the rectors for the other portion, — thirty-two shillings, whereof a tenth is three shillings and two \)ence half-penny. The church of the castle of Chore, — three marks, whereof a tenth is four shillings. The chapel of Inchcnebaky, — two marks, whereof a tenth is two shillings and eight -pence. The church of Martir,— five marks, whereof a tenth is half a mark. The church of MoycUe, — seven marks, whereof a tenth is nine shillings and four-pence. The chapel of Dangurdonwan, — two marks, whereof a tenth is two shillings and eight-pence. The church of Kyll, — ten marks, whereof a tenth is one mark. The chapel of Tachteskyn, — two marks, whereof a tenth is two shillings and eight-pence. Estimate of the churches of Clethan. The church of Rochrum, — eight marks and a half, whereof a tenth is eleven shilhngs and four-pence. The church of the castle of Clethan, — twenty marks, whereof a tenth is two marks. The church of Athearne, — thirty shillings, whereof a tenth is three shillings. The church of Cuokume, — one hundred shillings, whereof a tenth is leu shillings. 273 274 CORK REMEMDRANCER The chdpcl of Moyl, — two marks, whereof a tenth is two shillingB and eight jieiice. The chapel of Balath, — twenty shillings, whereof a tenth is two shillings. The church of Newtown, — twelve marks, whereof a tenth is sixteen shillings. The church of Clonmolt, — thirty shillings, whereof a tenth is three shillings. The church of Dungorn, — six marks, whereof a tenth is eight shillings. The church of Balvspellan, — twenty shillintrs, whereof a tenth is two shillings. The church of Drumor, — three pounds, whereof a tenth is sis shillings. The church of Inchetolyn, thirty shillings, whereof a tenth is three shillings. The chapel of Lyskul, — twenty-eight shillings, whereof a tenth is two shillings and nine-pence halfpenny. The chapel of Balycaranich, — two marks, a tenth is two shillings and eight pence. The church of Carrugtochil, — sixteen marks, whereof a tenth is twenty-one shillings and four-pence. The church of Kylcurfyn, — twenty shillings, whereof a tenth is two shillings. Estimate of the Churches of Fermoy. The church of Moyla, — ten pounds, whereof a tenth is twenty shillings. The church of Cathirdugan, — si.xteen marks, whereof a tenth is twenty-one shillings and four-pence. The church of Russath, — five marks, whereof a tenth is half a mark. The church of Dunrayl, — thirteen marks, whereof a tenth is seventeen shillings and four-pence. The chapel of Closdufog, — eight marks, whereof a tenth is ten shillings and eight pence. The chapel of Cleuwyr, — five marks, whereof a tenth is half a mark. The church of Carrug, — five marks, whereof a tenth is half a mark. The church of Rahin, — five marls, whereof a tenth is half a mark. The church of Monawmuyn, — four marks, whereof a tenth is five shillings and fourpence. The church in Castle David, — sixteen marks, whereof a tenth is twenty-one shillings and fom-pence. The church of Ballyggin, — six marks, whereof a tenth is eight shillings. The church of Sonnachgowin, — five marks, whereof a tenth is half a mark. The chapel of Silvesterstown, — three marks, whereof a tenth is four shillings. The church of Kylcomyr,— thirty shillings, whereof a tenth is three shillings. The church of Athulla, — fifty shillings, whereof a tenth is five shillings. The church of Kyllaych, —five marks and a half, whereof a tenth is seven shillings and fourpence. The church of Lcttir, — nine marks, whereof a tenth is twelve shillings. APPENDIX. 275 The church of Kylcniinirthir, — six marks, whereof a tenth is ciglit shillings. The church of Fogbcg, — six marks and a half, whereof a tenth is eight shillings and eight pence. The chapel of Lectrum,— five marks, whereof a tenth is one mark and a half. The chapel of Ocrion, — two marks, whereof a tenth is two shillings and eight pence. The church of Brigow, — four marks, whereof a tenth is five shillings and fourpence. The church of Dangyn, — five marks and forty pence, whereof a tenth is seven shillings. The church of Marshallstown, — two marks, whereof a tenth is two shillings and eight-pence. The church of Kyldarur, — thirty shillings, whereof a tenth is three shillings. The church of Achlyskinolaga, — two marks, whereof a tenth is two shil- lings and eightpence. The chapel of Cachoyrdunan, — four marks, whereof a tenth is five shillings and eightpence. The church of Loch, — two marks, whereof a tenth is two shillings and eightpence. Estimate of the Churches of Muscydonnegan. The church of Eoctanaund, — fifteen marks, whereof a tenth is twenty shillings. The church of Lathban, — six marks, whereof a tenth is eight shillings. The chapel of Arumdewony, — two marks, whereof a tenth is two shillings and eightpence. The church of Munemanarrach, — twenty shillings, whereof a tenth is two shillings. The church of Orwery, — six marks, whereof a tenth is eight shillings. The church of Kylbryn, — two marks, whereof a tenth is two shillings and eightpence. The chapel of Rogi Calin, — twenty shillings, whereof a tenth is two shillings. The church of Anathcrohan, — two marks, whereof a tenth is two shillings and eight pence. The church of Kylbalyn, — six marks, whereof a tenth is eight shillings. The church of Kylscarwyl, — twenty shillings, whereof a tenth is two shil- lings. The church of Brucuny, — twelve marks, whereof a tenth is sixteen shillings. The church of Kylbrone, — two marks, whereof a tenth is two shillings and • eightpence. The chapel of Bregog, — six marks, whereof a tenth is eight shillings. The church of Tulachles, — one mark, whereof a tenth is sixteen pence. The church of Inthric, — thirty shillings, whereof a tenth is three shillings. The chapel of Ballyochran, — five marks, whereof a tenth is half a mark. 27G CORK REMEMBRANCER The church of Saundrum, — ten marks, whereof a tenth is one mark. The church of Rath,— eight marks, whereof a tenth is ten shillings and eightpcnce. A particle of Carrikelochir, — ten shillings, whereof a tenth is twelve pence. The church of Baletach, — fifteen marks, whereof a tenth is twenty shillings. The church of Fersketh, — five marks, whereof a tenth is half a mark. The church of Colenene, — two marks and a half, whereof a tenth is two shillings and eightpence Estimate of the Churches of Mustlyn. The church of Kownachgaure, — two marks, whereof a tenth is two shil- lings and eight pence. The vicarage of the same, — six marks, whereof a tenth is eight shillings. The church of Eranach, — four marks, whereof a tenth is five shillings and four pence. The other churches and chapels of the said deanery, belonging to the prior of the hospital, of which a tenth ought to he paid. The goods of the bishop of Ross, — twenty-nine marks, ten shillings, and six pence half-penny, whereof a tenth is thirty-nine shillings, and eight pence half-penny. The goods of the prior of Ross, — sixteen shillings and eight pence, whereof a tenth is twenty peace. The church of the cathedral of Ross, — twenty shillings. The church of Rath, — four marks. The church of Fard, — twenty shillings. The church of Kylkeran, — twenty shillings. The church of Kyly, — five shillings. The church of Insula, — one mark. The church of Tagumlag, — six marks. The church of Lyslyg, — six marks. The church of Crodar, — six mai-ks. The church of Kylumloda, — four marks. The church of Nadryd, — one mark. The church of Disirdtrum, — one mark. The church of Kyllogineg, — six marks. The church of Kylkatterin, — one mark. The church of Kylman, — one mark. The church of Kylkascan and Drumfegna, — one mark. The church of Myrdris, — one mark. The church of Glenbean, — twenty shillings. The church of Tulag, — twenty shillings. The church of Crinag, — one mark . The church of Agyrim — twenty shillings. The church of Kvlcodv, — one mark. APPENDIX. 277 Estimate of the temporalities of the Lord Bishop of Cork : — In rents, — forty marks. In lands, and in all other profits of temporalities, — twenty-four marks. In all profits from spiritualities,- forty mark?. The entire is £90 6s. 8.,— The tenth thereof £6 18s. 8d. The jurisdiction of the dean of Cork, — thirty shillings. The jurisdiction of the archdeacon of Cork, —one hundred shillings. The common property of Cork, — six marks. The entire is £40 10s., — whereof a tenth is 2ls, Estimate of the churches of the diocese of Cork; the deanery of Ocblycthau, The church of Corkapau, — three marks. The vicar receives a half. The church of KilcuUy, — three marks. The vicar receives a half. The church of Dunbolg,— seven marks. The church of Rathcoona, — eight marks. The church of Gartheuegejlhe, — four marks. The vicar receives a half. The church of Sanbaly, — tlu-ee marks. The vicar receives a half. The church of Kyllanekan, — four marks. The vicar receives a third part. The church of Kylcoan, — five marks. The church of Kylasputmallan, — four marks. The vicar receives a half. The church of Glynmaygyr, — seven marks. The church of Balydufloythyr, — six marks. The vicar receives a third part. The church of Corthirlage, — seven marks. The church of Sandona, — seven marks. The vicar receives a half. The church of the blessed Peter, — twelve marks. The church of the Holy Trinity, — fifteen marks. The church of the Island, — forty marks. The vicar receives a half. The entire is £64 13s. 4d.— a tenth thereof, is £6 9s. iiL The deanery of Kyrricureth. The church of Boye, — twelve marks. The church of Lystlerith, — eight marks. The church of Kyllynelith, — eight marks. The church of Beannier, with its ap])urtenances, viz. Kylnoglerath and Anglasse, — thirty three pounds, nine shillings and eight pence. The church of Corbaly, — nine marks. The church of Balymolunthril, — six marks. The church of Carrig^ffau, — four marks. There is no vicar. z 278 CORK REMEMBRANCER The church of Kylneglory, — three marks. The church of Kylconla, — ten marks. The priory of Lyegan, ii> temporalities and spiritualities, — ten marks'. The temporalities of the Abbot de Antro, — ten marks. The entise is £S&. 16s. 4a.,— a tenth thereof is £8 136. 7d, ob Lynnalethe altra. The ehurch of Ruion, — ten marks. The church of Alcyn, — twenty shillings. The church of Kylgoban, — six marks. The church of Tahyn, — si.\ marks and a half. The church of Crotheran, - five marks. The church of Rathlarya, — four marks. The church of Boryon, — eight marks. The church of Kylsunkyl, — three marks. The church of Kylbucau— three marks. The church of Rathdruchtin, — four marks. The church of Donaghbuchary, — five marks. The church of Balybudan, — seven marks. The church of Ymsogenan, — fifteen marks. The church of Bryn,— five marks. The church of Cnocbile, — ten marks. The entire is £62., — a tenth thereof is, £G 'J*. The deanery of Biimbeth, citra^ The church of Lachmoin, — five marks. The church of Dwnach, — eight marks. The church of Kylmy, — eight raarka* The church of Kullyn, — five marks. The church of Belachssrihr^'d, — ten marks. The church of PoUakely,— six marks. The church oi Fotchnal, — five marks. The church of Crewdiry, — three marks. The church of Kylmol, — four marks. The church ef Chmced, — seven marks^. The church of Kincorran, — nine marks-. The church of Kesaly, — three mark* The church of Tachsax«, — si.\ naavks- , ^ APPENDIX. :79 The cKntch lof Diieowrvvy, — fuur marks. The entire is £55 6s. 8d.,— a tenth thereof is £5 lOs. 8(L The deanery of Corknuwyn. The deanery of Dundri,— tliirty shillings, except the portion of the hospital. The chinch of Drumoikan, — two marks. The vicar receives half. The church of Moyal, — two marks. The church of Arb, — two marks. The vicar receives half. The church of Dungarnon, — two marks. The church of Athorehowa, — three marks, except the portion of ths hospital. The temporalities of the abbot de Albo Tractu, — ten pounds. The entire is £18 16s. 8d., — a tenth thei-eof is 37s. 8il. ROTUI.US LANGDIGABILI CIVITATIS CORKE * Pro parva villa, VId. Pro domo Johannis Skyddy iuxta por- tam borialem ex parte orientali, VId Pro domo eiusdem Johannis, Vlld. Pro domo Johannis, filii Nicholai, Crew;igh, Vd ob. Pro domo Johannis Hene, Vd ob. Pro domo eiusdem, VId ob.. Pro domo Johannis Anagh, IVd. Pro domo Willielmi Wynchidon,lVd. Pro domo Johannis Skiddy, IVd ob. Pro domo Margt. Kandebek, 1 Vd ob. Pro domo heredis Ricardi Lawallyn, IVd ob. Pro domo Thome Milot, IVd ob. Pro domo Ricardi Ston., Vd., q. Pro domo Johannis Skiddy, Vd q. Pro domo Willielmi GowUis, l\d. Pro domo Ricardi Ston., Illd. ob Pro domo eiusdem Ricardi, Vlld ob. Pro domo eiusdem Ricardi, Vd ob. Pro domo eiusdem, Vd ob. Pro domo, eiusdem, \d ob. Pro domo eiusdem qd. Thomas Wynchedon, occujjat, Vd ob. Pro domo Margaret Candebek, Vd ob. Pro domo Willielmi Copener, Vd ob. Pro domo Thome Wynchedon, Vd ob. Pro domo Grogorii Lumbard, Vd ob. Pro domo heredis Knape in qua Johannes Myagh manet, Vd. ob. Pro domo eiusdem., Vd ob. • This Roll which is in the pos=ession of Mr. Jnmes Roche, of Cork, has no d.ite ; Sir \i'm- Betham is of opinion that the manuscript belongs to the reign of Richarti the Second or Henry the Fourth. Yet we find, Skiddy's Castle (which was not built 'till 1-J4J, luen- uoned in it. We print the word* uncontracted. 280 CORK REMEMBRANCER. Pro domo Johannis Myagh quomlam Reith. Vd. ob Pro domo eiusdem, Vd; Pro domo eiusdem, Vd. Pro domo Dermicii Cogan, Vlld, Produobistenementis Johannis Kieri, Vlld ob. Pro domo Edmundi Tirri, Vlld. ob. Pro domo eiusdem, Vd. Pro domo Willielmi filii Roberti White, VId. Pro domo Ricardl Ston., Vd. ob, I'ro domo Petri Burdox, VILl. Pro domo Johannis Murwagh, Vd, Pro domo eiusdem Johannis, Vlld ob. Pro cune venella. ( ) Pro domo eiusdem Johannis, Vd ob. Pro domo DionisUKerican, IVd Illq. Pro domo Willielmi Wynchedon. Vd Illq. Pro domo Johannis Murvagh, Vd. Pro domo Margaret Candebek, Xld. Pro domo Galfridi Galwey, VId. Pro domo heredis Knape, Vlld. Pro domo Galfridi Gallwy, Vllld. Pro domo eiusdem, Vlld ob. Pro domo Margt. Candebek, VI lid. Pro domo heredis Ricardi Reith, Xld, Pro domo Edmundi Tyrry, que vo- catur Markis lane, Vd. Pro domo Johannis Myagh, IVd. q. Pro domo Johannis Wynchedon, IVd Pro domo Galfridi Gallwy, IVd. ob. Pro placea Johannis Wynchedon, IVd. ob. Pro domo eiusdem, IVd. Pro domo eiusdem, IVd. ob. Pro domo eiusdem, IVd. Pro domo eiusdem, Illd q. Pro domo eiusdem, IVd q. Pro domo eiusdem, Vd ob. Pro domo Edmundi White, Vd ob. Pro domo eiusdem Edmundi, Vdob. Pro domo eiusdem, Vd ob. Pro domo Thome Wiuchcdun, Illd (|. Pro domo heredis, David Walsh, Illdq. Pro domo Galfridi Galwey, Vlld. Pro domo Thome Martyn, Vlld q. Pro domo heredis Thome Any, Ilkl ob. q. Pro domo eiusdem, VId. Pro domo Galfridi Galwey, VId. Pro domo Johannis Skiddy, VId. Pro cone venella. ( ) Pro domo Margt. Candebek, IVd ob. Pro domo Johannis Murwagh, Vllld. Pro domo heredis Johannis, Wyn- chedon, Vd. Pro domo Thome Mylot, IVd q. Pro domo heredis Johannis Winehe- don, Illd. Pro domoeiusdem, Johannis, Vlld ob. Pro domo eiusdem heredis, Vd, Pro domo Thome Winchcdon, Vd, Pro domo eiusdem Thome, Vd ob. Pro domo Willielmi Gowllis, Vlld ob. Pro domo Johnnnis Murwagh, Vlld. Pro domo Galfridi Galwey, VId. Pro domo que Johannes Miagh tenet de villa ad rcdditus, VId. Pro domo Thome Martyn, IVd. Pro domo Johannis Skiddy, Xd, Pro domo Willielmi Copener, Xd. Pro domo Thome Mylot, Vd ob. Pro domo eiusdem, Vd ob. Pro domo heredis Thome Copener, IVd. Pro domo Thome Milot, IVd q. Pro domo cappelle beate marie ecclesie sancti trinitatis, IVd, Pro domo Thome Wynchidon, IVd ob Pro domo Willielmi GouUis, IVd ob. Pro domo eiusdem, Vllld. Pro domo Johannis Skiddy, IVd, Pro domo heredis Thome Any et Thome Pik, IVd. Pro domo Margaret Candibek, IVd Pro domo eiusdem Margarete, VId ob' Pro domo eius^lciu IVd q. APPENDIX. 281 Pro domo que Thomas Ulilot tenet dc villa ad redditus, ( ) Pro domo Willielmi GouUis, Illd ob. Pro domo Nicholai Arto, Xd ob. Pro domo Johannis Murwagh, IVd.q Pro domo Willielmi Whit, IVd. Pro domo Thome Pik, et heredis Thome Any, Vd q. Pro domo eorundem, I\ d. Pro domo Thome Wynchidon ct Ricardi Ston, IVd. Pro domo Willielmi GouUis, et Wil- lielmi Winchidon, IVd, Pro domo eiusdem Willielmi ( ) lid Pro domo eiusdem Willielmi, VId. Pro domo eiusdem, Vd Pro domo eiusdem, Vd. Pro domo heredis Ricardi Lawallyn , Hid. q Pro domo Willielmi Whit, IVd. Pro domo heredis Ricardi Lawallyn, VId. Pro domo heredis Thome Any, VId. Pro domo in qua Walterus (honinam ^M ?) manet, VI Id. q Pro domo Galfridi Galvvey, IVd. Pro domo eiusdem, IVd ob. Pro domo eiusdem, IVd. Pro domo eiusdem, IVd ob. Pro domo eiusdem, ( ) Id. Pro domo in qua Johannes Heyn manet, VId. Pro domo Mathci filii Mauricii, Vd. Pro domo Ricardi Ston, VId. Pro domo Thome Martyn, Vd. Pro domo Johannis Winchidon, IVd. Pro domo Andree Stackboll, IVd ob Pro placea Willielmi Pollard, lid. ob Pro placea heredis filii Willielmi Cogan , Xd. Pro domo Margaret Candibck, Vd, Pro domo Margarcte Roch, Vd. Pro domo David Walsh, VId. Pro d Mr. John Coppiiiger, alder- man, and with I\Ia\irice Roche, of the said citty mchant, for the some of .... 120 li ^ The pric [Tauen qu?] wtli Henry Goold Fitz-Peeres, of the said citty mchant, for the some of .... ^ The sellers or shopps under the toUsie, with Edward Roche Fitz- Morris, for the some of .... ^ The mkett house wcU Stephen ?.Iiag'ies hidds by lease for the rent XV li. pr ann and in mortgadge, for the some of .... ^ Itm upon the colledg to Walter Coppinger, .. . ^3- Itm upon pte of the same to Mr. John Coppinger .... ^ The rent reserved upon a paire of stayrs, and a backside ne.\t to the county coart, with Morris Roch, f )r X li. or XII li. H Itm upon the tower which Ednioud Poiinch holdeth, .... 15 li M. That the eight day of August. 1627, Dominick Roche, alderman, appeared before us in the toUsell, and delivered sufficient discharges of all the mortgages contained in this sccdle according the ane.xed co.venants to that effecte. Witness or hands, WiLLu HoRE, Maior. John .Meade, recorder. John Coppinger, John Cjould, vie. James Coppinger. [ ] TvuiiYE. 50 li 80 li .80 li SO li 50 li ABSTRACT OF A DOCUMENT AMONGST THE ROCHE MSS, At White-hall, 21th Nov. Ib30. Present. Lo: Chamberl; Lo: Vise: Grandison, Lo: Vise: Dorchester, Mr. Vice Chamberl: Mr. Secretary Cooke. Wheres a petition was presented to his majesty, on behalf of the mavor, sheriffs and commonalty of the city of Cork, for the renewing of their Charter, with addition of some privileges by way of articles anuc.\cd, which was referred 290 CORK REMEMBRANCER * to the Lords Committees for Irish affairs, who referred same to Mr. Justice Jones, and he returned his opinion thereon, and two of said articles concerning customs the Lords Committees referred to the officers of the customs in London, who returned their opinion thereon ; this day their lordships ordered that in ^(^gard said city should discharge his Majesty of £2000 or thereabouts, laid out by the direction of the Privy Council, for relief of part of the soldiers and officers of the army arriving at Cork and K-insale from the voyage of Gales, for which there was delivered to the corporation bills of repayment from his majesty by the then lord president of Mounster and by the officers and com- manders of said army, which bills they are to deliver up to the Attorney- general to be cancelled, that his majesty should he moved to grant a warrant to the Attorney-general to prepare a bill for his majesty's signature, to be afterwards passed the great seal, for renewing and confirming their former charters and the addition of the liberties in the articles following. That whereas the whole city of Cork being the shiere city of the county of Cork, containing only two small parishes, and there being four dissolved abbeys, viz.j Gill abbey, St. Dominick's abbey, St Augustin's abbey, and St. Francis's tibbey, with their possessions, lying within the ancient franchises and liberties, where there are many merchants residing and the trade of merchan- dize more used, than in a great part of said city ; that those abbeys, with their jiossessioiis and inhabitants, may be withiu Uie jurisdiction and government of the officers of the city, to the end they may be liable to contributions both for his majesty's service and the pviblic chai-ge of the city, the rather for that ^nany of purpose dwell within the possessioii of those abbeys, to be free froni sesse of soldiers and other public cha,rge. That the sheriffs, who have usually accompted at Dublin for the revenues payable to his majesty, may accoinpt at Cork, in regard Cork is near 100 miles from Dublin. That, whereas they have power to determine felonies within the city and liberties, by grant from Elizabeth, they may have like power so far as the county of the said city extends. That all merchandize be landed at the common quay. That they may have a staple for wool, fells , and other staple commodities within the city, being appointed by act of Pa,rliament one of the staple cities, as is granted to Youghal and Kinsale and many others in Ireland. That if au.y escheator or other commissioner, execute any commission for enquiry, the mayor or his deputy be joined, for that they are made escheators by the charter of Elizabeth. That no mercha,nt, stranger, or foreigner sell within the city or liberties, but in grosse and to freemen only, except iu time of fairs, and except victuals. That whereas the mayor and sheriffs are yearly elected and sworn at on© and the same time, which by experience is found inconvenient; that the days of their election may be altered to a time more convenient, and that they may have power to incorporate such companies of artificers as shall be thought lit for the good of the city. APPENDIX. That the mayor may be chief in all commissions of Gaol delivery within the city and liberties. That the corporation have power to appoint clerk of the crown, town clerk, and public notary. That for the ease and quiet of the inhabitants within the city and liberties, they may have power to appoint six aldermen of their six wards, to determine differences within their several wards under forty shillings That they may have the petty customs within the city and liberties, towards maintenance of the public charge, as granted to Youghal, same being never any profit to his majesty, nor will be any hinderance hereafter to his majesty's customs. That whereas there are sundry pe^rsons taking upon them to minister physic in said city and libeities, who have not been exiucate'd in any university, for that approving of their learning and confirmsntioit of their judgments in matters of so great consequence, tending to the no little eiidamagemewt of the health of his majesty's subjects; that his majesty would grant that none shall minister physic there without licence of the mayor of said city, except he have taken fitting degi-ees in some university and those to be approved by the doctor or physician allowed by said eity. All which was ordered by the lords commitees, with this caution, that the Lord High Treasurer of England, then absent, should be acquainted therewith) and approve ; acconlingly he did sigiiify his a^jprobation by Mr. Secretary Cooke. Exor. WILLIAM BEECHER. 2<)1 To His Grace the Duke of Bolton, lord lieu'- genii- and genii, g&vernr. of Ireland.* The humble petition of the mayor, sherrifs and comonalty of his majtie'i ioyal citty of Cork, Shewethy That the said citty of Cork is a very antient citty, a«d a' place of considera- ble trade, and payes a very great revenue to his majtie. That in the late king James'* time, your petrs suffer'd very much for their adherence to the Protestant interest, were putt into prisons, and their suburbs, which make a considerable part of the citty, were set on fire, and burnt to the ground, by the then popish governr Makilicuddy, notwithstanding he had before-hand agreed and promised to save the said suburbs, upon the payment of a considerable sume of money to him.', by yoiu" petitioners. • The original is in the possession of Edw.ird Hoare, Esq. and therefore seems not to have been presented. 292 CORK REMEMBRANCER » That yniu* petitrs ;vcrc relieved from theii- prisons and their miseries, by king William of glorious memory, under the command of your majt'e's renowned and victorious general, his grace the duke of Marlborough, who besieged the said citty, and took it in the year IGDO. That soone after, your petitrs supi)Iyed severall regiamts of king William's army with severall considerable sums of money for their subsistence, for which your petifs never received any satisfaction, which has been a great loss to your petrs , vvho have but a very small and precarious revenue for the support of their corporation. That the^ severall governrs of this kingdom, since the said siege, vipon representations that the walls of the said citty were of noe strength or defence against an army, were pleased to give liberty to open the same for gates, in severall places. That the tide ebs and flowes round the said citty, and the said walls, as they now stand, are of noe defence, but a charge to your petrs, and that the ground next without the said walls, as well as the ground on which the said walls stand, belong to your petitioners. May it please your grace, in consideration of the premisses, to grant your petitioners the said walls. And vour petltionrs will ever pray. (Seal) Abra. French, Mayr. Wm Hawkins, } r., r-i . i^ ,<■ 11 I ohers. Chars Cottrell, J Daniel Crone, E St. Nessan, whose death Colgan mentions to have been in the year 551 if this be the case he could not have been a pupil of St. Barr, (as he was said to have been) or else St. Barr must have lived much earlier. Russin, died in C85. Selbac, died in 773. Cathmogan, died in 961. Columba MacCiarucain, died in 990. Cella(Jh Selbac, died during a pilgrimage in 1026. Neil O'AIailduib, died in 1027. Airlri Sairt, died in 1028, Cathal, died in 1034. Mugvon O'Mutan, was murdered by robbers in 1057. Clerech O'Selbaic, died in 1086. Maclothod O'Hailgerem, died in 1107. Patrick O'Selbac, died in 1111. The see of Cork was vacant about the year 1140, and then a certain poor man, a foreigner, was nominated by Malachy, Archbishop of Armagh; his name is not however meutioued. 298 CORK REMEMBRANCER Gilla /Ella O'Mugin, sat in 1152; from him Gillabbey derived its name. Gregorv, succeeded in 1172, and died in 1186. Reginald, time of his succession unknown. O'Selbaic, died in 1205. Geofry White, was vipon the death of the former recommended to this see, by king Henry 3rd, about the year 1215 ; but it does not appear whether he was ever consecrated or not. Maurice, or Marian O'Brien, was translated from the see of Cork to Cashel, in 1224. Gilbert, archdeacon of Cork, con- secrated in 1225, and died in 1238. Laiu-ence, died in 1264. William of Jerepont in the county Kilkenny, a Cistercian monk, suc- ceeded in 1266. Reginald, treasurer of Cashel, suc- ceeded in 1267, and died in 1276. Robert, or Richard Donough, a Cistercian monk, succeeded in 1277, and died in 1301. John Mac Carwill, or O'Carroll, dean of r,ork, succeeded in 1302, re- signed in 1321, having been trans- lated to Cashel. Philip de Slane, a Dominican friar, succeeded in 1321, and died in 1326. John le Blond, dean of Cloyne, was elected in 1326, but it is unknown whether he was consecrated or not, he died in 1327. Walter le Rede, or Rufus, canon of the Cathedral of Cork, succeeded in 1327, and was translated to Cashel in 1330. John dc Balyconingham, succeeded in 1030, and died in 1347. John de Rupe, or Roche, cantrii of the Cathedral of Cork, succeeded in 1347, and died in 1358. Gerald de Barry, dean of Cork, succeeded in 1359, and died in 1393. Roger Elesmere, succeeded in 1396, and died in 1406. Gerald, succeeded in 1106. Patrick Ragged, sat in 1415, and was translated to Ossory in 1417. Miles Fitz-John, succeeded in 1418 and died in 1430. BishojJS of Coi'k and Cloyne. Upon the death of Miles Fitz-John in 1420, the custody of the see of Cork was for a time committed to Nicholas, bishop of Ardfert, and Richard Scurlagarchdeacon of Cork; but before the close of the year 1.340, Jordan, chancellor of Limerick, was by Pope Martin 5th advanced to the bishopricks of Cork and Cloyne; both of which being then vacant, were canonically united. Gerald Fitzgerald, succeeded, and died in 1479. William Roche, succeeded in 1479 and resigned in 1490. Gerald, succeeded, and resigned in 1499. John Fitz-Edmond Fitzgerald, was provided by the Pope in 1499. John Bennett, or Ferrett, died in 1536. Dominick Terrcy, rector of the church of Shandon, was elected by command of king Henry VllI inl536, and died in 1556 ; while he sat Lowis Mac Nemarawas provided bishop by Pope Paul 111 in 1540, and Mac Nemara dying soon after at Rome, John Hoyeden was provided successor by the same Pope the same year ; yet Tirrey who hud been appoint#tl APPENDIX, 299 by Henry tlie VIII, received the fruits of the see, until his death. Roger Skiddy, dean of Limerick, succeeded in 1557, and resigned in 1566, after which these sees were va- cant four years. Richard Dixon, succeeded in 1570, and was deprived iu 1571. Matthew Sheyn, succeeded in 1572 and died iu 1582. BisJiOjis of Cork, Clotjne and Ross. William Lyon, bishop of Ross, suc- ceeded in 1583, and held the three sees of Cork, Cloyne and Ross until his death, which happened in 1617 ; the sees having been united by letters patent of Queen Elizabeth the 17tli of iMarch 1586. John Boyle, succeeded in 1618 and died iu 1620. Richard Boyle, dean of Water- ford, succeeded in 1620, and was translated to Tuam iu 1638. William Chappel, provost of Tri- nity College, succeeded in 1638, and died in 1663. Michael Boyle, dean of Cloyne, succeeded upon the restoration of king Charles the second in 1660, and was translated to Dublin in 1 C63. Edward Synge, succeeded in1C63, and died in 1678 ; upon his death the see of Cloyne was separated from Cork and Ross. Bishops of Cork and Ross. Edward Wettenhall, succeeded to the sees of Cork and Ross in 1678, and was translated to KiLnore and Ardagh in 1699. Dive Downes, succeeded in 1699, and died in 1709. Peter Brown, provost of Trinity College, Dublin, succeeded in 17U9, and died iu 1735. Robert Clayton, bishop of Killala, succeeded in 1735, and was trans- lated from hence to Clogher, Jemmet Brown, translated from Killala in 1745, and from hence to Elphin in 1772. Isaac Mann, succeeded in 1772. Euseby Cleaver, succeeded in 1789. William Foster, succeeded in 1789. William Bennett, succeeded in 1790. Hon. Thomas Stopford, succeeded iu 1794. Lord John G. Beresford, succeeded in 1805. Hon. Thomas St. Lawrence, suc- ceeded in 1807. Samuel Kyle, succeeded in 1831; and iu 1835, the see of Cloyne having become vacant, it was united to Cork and Ross, under the provisions of the church temporalities act. Bishops of Cloyne. St. Colman, the son of Lenin, a pupil of St. Fin-barr's, bishop of Cork, was the first bishop of Cloyne, and founder of the cathedral ; he flourished in the sixth century and died the 4th Nov. 604 ; from his death until the arrival of the English, there is but little account of this see. O'Malvain, died in 1094. Nehemiah O'Morierlack, died in 1119. Mathew was bishop here at the arrival of the English and died in 1192. Laurence O'Sullivan, died in 1204. 300 CORK REMEMBRANCER Daniel, died in 1222. Florence was elected, and obtained the royal assent, the 25th of August, 1224, but on the 3d of Feb. fullovving, the custody of the temporals was committed to Marian, archbishop of Cashel. Patrick, a Cistercian monk, obtain- ed the royal assent in 1226. David Mac Kelley, dean of Cashel, succeeded, and was translated to Cashel in 1237. Alan O'Sullivan, of the order of Predicants, was consecrated in 1240, and eight years after, was translated to Lismore. Daniel, a Franciscan friar, was consecrated in 1249, and died in the beginning of the year 1'2G1 ; the king granted licence of election to I lie dean and chapter the 2d of June following. Reginald, bishop of Down, was translated to Cloyne in 1265 ; he died in 1273. Alan O'Lonergan, succeeded, and died in 1283. Nicholas de Effingham, succeeded, and died in 1320. Maurice O'Tolohan, archdeacon of Cloyne, died in 1334. John de Cumba, a Cistercian monk, appointed by the Pope, succeeded in 1335. John Brid; it is uncertain how long he sat. John Whitock, dean of Cloyne, succeeded in 1351, and died in I3G1. John de Swatham, a Carmelite friar, appointed by pope Gregory XI, was consecrated in 13G8, and was translated to Bangor, in 1376. Richard Wye, appointed by the same pope, succeeded in 1376, and was for certain misdemeanors excom- municated, and afterwards deprived in 1394, but notwitlistanding having continued to act as bishop, he was the next year apprehended at Waterford, by conuiiand of king Richard II, and committed to tlie custody of the arch- bishop of Cashel. Gerald Canton, an Augustin her- mit, succeeded, and died in 1407. Adam Pay, succeeded; he endea- voured to unite the see of Cork to Cloyne : he died in 1430. Jordan, chancellor of Limerick, succeeded, and the see of Cork being then also vacant was united to that of Cloyne, and continued so for 200 years, until the appointment of George Synge, who succeeded in 1638, and died in lG53. From the death of Synge the see of Cloyne continued vacant until the restoration of Charles II, when Dr. Michael Boyle was advanced to it, and held it, together with Cork and Ross. Edward Synge, succeeded, upon whose death in 1678, the see of Cloyife w'as again separated from Cork& Ross. Patrick Sheridan, succeeded in 1679, and died in 1682. Edward Jones, succeeded in 1682, and was translated to St. Asaph in Wales, in 1G92. William Palliser, succeeded in 1692, resigned in 1694, being transla- ted to Cashel. Tobias Pnllen, succeeded in 1694, and the following year was translated to Dromore. St. George Ash, D.D. succeeded in 1695, and in 1697 was translated to Clogher. John Pooley, succeeded in 1697, and resigned in 1702, being translated to Raphoe. Charles Crow, D.D. succeeded ia 1702, and died in 1726. APPENDIX. 301 Henry Maule, L.L.D. succeeded, and in 1731 was translated to Droiuore. Edward Synge, succeeded in 1731, and in 1733 was translated to Leighlin and Ferns. George Berkeley, D. D. dean of Derry, succeeded in 1733. James Stopford, succeeded in 1753. Robert Johnson, succeeded in 1759. Honorable Frederick Hervey, suc- ceeded in 1767, and was translated to Derry in 1768. Charles Agar, dean of Kilmore, succeeded in 17G8, and was translated to Cashelin 1780. George Chinnery, bishop ofKiUaloe, succeeded in 1780 Maurice, succeeded, and died in 11%. Daniel, a secular priest, by com- mand of Pope Celestin, consecrated at Rome in 1197. Florence, a monk, being elected bishop, went to Rome and acquainted Pope Innocent III. with his prede- cessor Daniel's having been unlaw- fully elected, and upon his return home was consecrated by his Metro- politan ; he died in 1222. Robert, by some called Richard, succeeded, and was seated here in 1225, Florence, or Finin O'Cloghena, re- signed in 1252. Maurice, chantor of Cloyne, suc- ceeded in 1253, and resigned in 12G9, and became a friar minorite. Richard Woodward, dean of Clogh- er succeeded in 1781. William Bennett, succeeded in 1794. Charles Mongan Warbtu'ton, suc- ceeded in 1820. John Brinkley, succeeded in 1826 and died in 1835, when the see of Cloyne was attached to Cork and Ross, under the provisions of the church temporalities act. Bishops of Ross. St. Fachnan, first bishop of Ross, and founder of the Cathedral there ; he flourished in the beginning of the sixth century. St. Finchad, one of the disciples of St. Barr, and brought up in his school at Lough Eire, succeeded, but of him or his successors there is no further account, until the arrival of the English. Benedict, seated here in 1172, Walter O'Michthain, a minorite, succeeded in 1269, and died in 1274. Peter O'HuUecan, or Halchan, a Cistersian monk, consecrated in 1275, and died in 1290. Laurence, canon of Ross, succeed- ed, and died in 1309. Matthew O'Fin, an abbot, was, upon license of election granted to the Dean and Chapter by Edward II. elected iu 1310, and died in 1330. Laurence O'Holdecan, or O'Hul- lucan, elected in 1331, and died in 1335. Denis, was consecrated in 1336' Bernard O'Connor, a minorite, provided by the Pope, succeeded ia 1378. Stephen Brown, a Carmelite, pro- vided by Pope Boniface IX, suc- ceeded in 1402. Mathew, died about the year 1418. 302 CORK REMEMBRANCER Walt-er Fonriay, a minorite, provided Iiv Pope Martin V, succeeded in 1418. Thady, was seated here in 1488. Odo, succeeded in 1489, and died in 1494. Edmund de Courcy, a minorite, bishop of Clogher, translated to this see in 1494. John Imurily, first a Cistercian monk, and afterwards abbot of Maur, succeeded, and died in 1519. Bonaventurc, a Spaniard, was seat- ed here in 1523. Dermot Mac l^omnuil, was seated herein 1544, and died in 1552; he probably resigned before his death, as one John, ajipears to have been appointed in 1551. Thomas O'Herlihy, was present at the Council of Trent in I5G3 ; he re- signed in 1570, and died in 1579, for bis successor's see bishop of Cork and Cloyne, to which the diocese of Ross was then united. DEANS OF THE CATHEDRAL CHURCH, ST. FINN BARR'S, CORK. 1G27 George Lee, dean at this time 1630 John Fitzgerald, dean at this time. 1642 Edward Worth 16(32 Roger Boyle ]6u7 John Vesy 1673 Arthur Pomeroy I7l0 Rowland Davies 1722 Robert Carlton 1735 William Meade 1763 George Chinnery, L.L.D. 1780 John Erskine 1790 Hon. T. St. Laurence, L.L.D. 1807 John Leslie. 1812 James Saurin 1813 William Magee, D. D. 1820 Robert Burrowes, D.D. ARCHDEACONS OF THE DIOCESE OF CORK. 1561 Patrick Roche, archdeacon this time. 1611 Martin Tenley 1665 Bernard Packington 1674 Richard Synge, 1688 Richard Lapp. 1692 Waller Neale. 1697 -John WetenhaU 1717 John Pomeroy. 1725 Thomas Russel 1745 William Reader 1774 William Jephsou 1782 John Forsayeth 1785 Robert Austin 1794 John Whitham 1796 Alexander Lamelliere 1801 William Thompson 1833 Samuel Moore Kyle APPENDIX. 303 DEANS OF THE CATHEDRAL CHURCH OF ST. COLMAN'S, CLOYNE. 1G6I Henry Rugge 1G71 William Fitzgerald 1695 Henry ScarJeville 1704 Thomas Deane 1714 Robert Cosse 1714 Thomas Simcockes 1718 Josiah Hort 1720 Henry Maule 172G Jamos Ward 1736 Isaai; Goldsmith 1769 William Pratt 1769 Eyton Butts 1780 John Hewitt 1804i James A. Hamilton 1816 Alexander Arbuthnot 1823 Thomas John Burgh VICARS GENERAL OF THE DIOCESE OF CLOYNE. 1666 Francis Synge 1680 Rowland Davies; 1709 Walter Atkin. 1740 Robert Berkeley 1787 Arthur Browne. 1794 James Hiugston» CHIEF MAGISTRATES OF THE CITY OF CORK, 1199 John Dispenser 1236 Vy alter Eynoff 1272 1273 1274 1279 1281 1285 1287 1290 1291 1293 1310 1311 1312 1313 1314 1315 1316 1317 Provosts. 1249 Eliah Stackpole 1251 John Wenchedon 1252 Walter Wright Richard Morren Richard Wine Richard Lee Walter Tai-d iff Walter Rute Peter Russel William Pollard Walter Tardiff Walter O' Hey n John Lavallen John Walters W^illiam Bond Nich de la Weily William Hadvivre Walter de Kerdiff Nicholas O'Heyne John de Ligre Nich. do la Weily 1318 13l{>. 1220 1321 1322 1323 1324 1325 1326 1327 1328 1329 1330 1.331 1332 1333 1334 1335 Mayors. Adam Milksbury Stephen Coppenger Richard Delahoid Abrah. de Stackpole Walter Relsch Gilbert Monk John le Dispenser Richard Morraine Edw do Tailoirr Roger Tryal Roger le Blon William Albus Nich. Morraine Richard Postwind Richard Leleigh Richard Leleigh Robert Lebolout Bcrd, dc Rlontibus 1335 1337 1338 1339 1310 1311 1312 1343 1344 1345 1346 1317 1348 1349 1350 1351 1.352 1353 John Wedlock John d'Espencer John de Bristol John Fitz-Abraham David de Montibus Peter Rashall Elias de Stackpole W'alter Rcisch William Pollard William Pollard Walter de KerdilF William O'Heyuo John Wallen Wm.de Wandespar Walter de Kerdiff Nicholas O'Heyne Nich. Delahoydc Walter dc Kerdiff 304 CORK REMEMBRANCER 1354 1355 1356 1357 1358 1359 1360 1361 1362 1363 1364 1365 1366 1367 1368 1369 1370 1371 1372 1373 1374 1375 1376 1377 1778 1379 1380 1381 1382 1383 1384 1385 1386 1387 1388 1389 1390 1391 1392 1393 1394 1395 139G 1397 Perceval Vincent John Gallenger Walter do KerdifF John Gallenger Adam Ruth Walter de Kerdiff Perceval Vincent Perceval Vincent William Drooper Adam Ruth William Skiddy William Skiddy Perceval Vincent William Skiddy Jordan Kerdiff William Drooper John Leblown John Leblown Thomas Thish William Drooper William Downane Thomas Thish William Drooper William Downane Thomas Thish David Miagh John Lombard David Miagh Robert Drooper John Mynne John Mynjie John Mynne Robert Drooper John Malby John Malby John Lombard William Polrnt Redm. Kerrick Andrew Stackpole Redm. Kerrick Robert Flcmming John Warriner Thomas Honybcard Thomas Burdcvs 1398 1399 1400 1401 1402 1403 1404 1405 1406 1407 1408 1409 1410 1411 1412 1413 1414 1415 1416 1417 1418 1419 1420 1421 1422 1423 1424 1425 1120 1427 1428 1429 1430 1431 1432 1433 1434 1435 1436 1437 1438 1439 1440 1441 Mayors. John Warriner John Mainen John Knap Richard Lavallen William Siighin John Benefiat John Skiddy John Lignce William Sughin John Wright William Sughin Thomas Morton John Warner Thomas Murrough Thos. Mordonton Patrick Rice Thomas Mollenton Robert Gardiner Robert Gardiner Robert (iardiner Robert Gardiner Thos. Mollenton Thos. Mollenton Robert Borderner Thomas Mollenton Pierce Drooper Robert (Jardiner David Landebrook (iedlYry White David Landebrook Edward Dantz God fry Waile Geoff. Gallaway William Anasey William Anasey John Menia Geoff. White John IMurrough Godfry Gallaway John Murrough John Skiddy John Skiddy John Meagh John Murrough 1442 William Gold 1443 William Gold 1444 John Murrough 1445 John Gold 1446 Richard Skiddy 1447 John Gold 1448 Patrick Gallaway 1449 John Gallaway 1450 Richard Skiddy 1451 John Gold 1452 Richard Skiddy 1453 William Gallaway 1454 William Skiddy 1455 Richard Lavallen 1456 William Gallaway 1457 Richard Skiddy 1458 William Skiddy 1459 Patrick Gallaway 1460 Thomas Murrough 1461 Richard Skiddy 1462 John Gallaway 1463 William Gold 1464 John Gold 1465 John Skiddy 1466 Richard Skiddy 1467 John Meagh 1468 Godfry Naiole 1469 John Mezca 1570 Richard Skiddy 1471 John Gallaway 1472 William Gallaway 1473 Thomas Murrough 1474 William Skiddy 1475 Richard Lavallen 1476 John Gallaway 1477 William Gallaway 1478 Richard Skiddy 1479 William Skiddy 1480 William Skiddy 1481 William Gallaway 1482 Richard Gallaway 1483 William Gallaway 1484 William Skiddy 1485 Patrick Gallawav APPENDIX. Mayors. 1486 William Gallaway 1528 John Skiddy 1570 John Meagh 1487 William Skiddy 1529 Patrick Terry 1571 Maurice Roche 1488 Maurice Roche 1530 Edmund Roche 1572 Stephen Coppinger 1489 William Gallaway 1531 Richard Gold 1573 John Walters 1490 John Walters 1532 Patrick Gallaway 1574 William Terry 1491 Maurice Roche 1533 David Roche 1575 James Ronayne 1492 John Lavallcn 1534 James Gold 1576 William Roche 1493 William Gold 1535 Wm. Coppinger 1577 John Gold 1494 John Walters 1536 Robert Meagh 1578 Walter Gallaway 1495 Thomas Coppingei • 1537 Thomas Ronayne 1579 Maurice Roche 1496 John Lavallin 1538 William Terry 1580 Thomas Sarsfield 1497 Maurice Roche 1539 James Roche 1581 Christ Walters 1498 John Lavallin 1540 Richard Terry 1582 Patrick Gallaway 1499 John Walters 1541 Christopher Creagh 1583 James Roche 1500 Maurice Roche 1542 William Sarsfield 1584 George Gold 1501 William Gold 1543 William Skiddy 1585 Stephen Walters 1502 William Gallaway 1544 James Gold 1586 Stephen Terry 1503 Edmund Gold 1545 Richard Gold 1587 Robert Coppinger 1504 John Gallaway 1546 William Gold 1588 Edmund Terry 15U5 William Terry 1547 William Gold 1589 John Skiddy 1506 William Skiddy 1548 Patrick Meagh 1590 Dominick Roche 1507 John Skiddy 1549 Thomas Ronayne 1591 David Terry 1508 Richard Gallaway 1550 Dominick Roche 1592 Henry Walsh 1509 Edmund Gallaway 1551 William Terry 1593 Patrick Gallaway 1510 Edmund Gold 1552 James Roche 1594 Francis Martel 1511 Edmund Terry 1553 Patrick Gallaway 1595 James INlcagh 1512 John Gallaway 1554 Richard Terry 1596 Patrick Gallaway 1513 John Roche 1555 Christopher Meagh 1597 George Gold 1514 Edmund Terry 1556 William Sarsfield 1598 John Skiddy 1515 Richard Skiddy 1557 William Skiddy 1599 James Sarsfield 1516 Walter Gallaway 1558 Dominick Roche 1600 William Mead 1517 John Skiddy 1559 Edmund Gold 1601 John M-cad 1518 Nicholas Skiddy 1560 Edward Gallaway 1602 John Coppinger 1519 Patrick Terry 1561 John Gallaway 1603 Thomas Sarsfiield 1520 Edmund Roche 1562 Andrew Gallaway 1604 Edmund Terry 1521 David Terry 1563 Maurice Roche 1605 Robert Coppinger 1522 Richard Gold 1664 Stephen Coppinger 1606 AVilliam Sarsfield 1523 Maurice Roche 1565 Richard Roche 1607 Philip Martel 1524 Edmund Gold 1566 William Gallaway 1608 David Terry 1525 William Terry 1567 Edmund Gold 1609 Dominick Roche 1526 John Skiddy 1568 John Gallaway 1527 Walter Gallaway 1569 Andrew Gallaway 305 306 CORK REMEMBRANCER A.D. Mayors. IGlO * Edmoiul Galhvey, Oct. IGO'J. 1611 George Gold Fitz-Edmond October 1st 1010. 1G12 Dominick Tyrrv Fitz-Ed- mond, Sept. 30th IGll. Dominick Gallvvey, Jan. 3lst IGll. 1G13 William SkiddyFitz-Johu Oct. 1st lGi2. ' IG13 PatrickTyrryFitz-William Jau. 13tli 1612. SherijSTs. Edward Roche. Henry Gould Fiz-Piors. Dominick Tyn-v Fitz-Edmond, Andrew Galhvey Fitz-Walter, Stephen Miagh Fitz-Garrett, Patrick La- wallyne Fitz-Uichard. Nicholas lloche, who died in office, and was succeeded by Edward lloche, Fitz- John George Lombard, George Morrogh, John Colliuayne, INIaurice Kynt. * We are unaUe to ascertain the source from which Smith procured his List of the Maj'ors of Corlj, prior to the year I6O9, when Cork was made a County in itself, and in which year the earliest book of the Corporation commences ; Imt finding William Syghin named in a Chancery Koll, as Mayor in the year 1381, we conclude, that Smith's list can- not be quite correct. We have also discovered some ancient memoranda among the JISS. in Trinity College, Dublin, of the names of some of the Mayors of Cork, at unconnected periods, evidently taken from records or original documents, which lead us to the same conclusion — we have inserted these latter names underneath. But from the year 1609, and probably from a more remote date. Smith's list may be considered correct, though cer- tainly incomplete. We have procured additions from the ahove-mentioned book, and now give the list of .Sheriffs from their first institution. The officers who preceded them were called Bailiffs. It may be obscived, that for several years the office of Jlayoralty generally lasted only six months. r280 Ricardus de leyr, major circa ann. 1309 Willielmus Pollard major 1311 Jole Walcys major 1322 Percivallus filius Wincentii Rup major 1320 Jo Galegre major 1322 Jo Galegre major 10 Ed. 2nd. Tordanus le Waleys I j^^j-^^^ llich xSoteswayn | 1325 idem 1325 Jo Galegre major Jordan Walensis I !,„,,■ ; RicBotswain 1 •'="^"' 1310* Walt de Kerdyf major 1st Ed. 3rd ]37Gt Thomas Tichc major, 20 Ed. 3rd. vel ante. 1336 Wra. Skyddy major, 10 Ed. 3rd 1331 1340 Wm. Kroupe major,, 14 Ed. 3rd 1339 Jo fz Wm. le Blound 1348-49 Wra. Daindon major 135/ Robt. Droupe major Reyne McKergan Wm. Spccer Balives. Sic, T do. 135/ Jo Myne major Jo Malbv I T. IV ■ Jo Marten | S^"^" 1361 Walt. Kcrdiffe nup major 1364 And. Stackbole major of the Staple Wm. Pollard I „ . , , Jo Marten | Constables 1361 Jo Lumbard, major 1369 Wm. Pollard, nuper major 1309 Gilb. flcraing, major Thomas Lawelyne I xj iv • ,,,,,, •' Ballivi Jo MartcU | 13/0 Gilb, flemyng, major Thomas Honybride I t, ir- • Jo Marten 1 ^^"'" 1371 John Wyne, major Thomas HonybryJ, major ante 13/4 1386 Jo Pomfret, nup major Jo Lone I , ,. JoWaryng, | ^''l^^" 1330 Jo Pomfret, nup major Jo Love I I, IV • JoWar>n | ""P ballm 1441 Jo Skyddy, major Kic Stone and Jam Cowlys, balives. APPENDIX. 3l'7 A.n. Maj/ors. Sho'ifs. IGM David Tvrrv FItz-Davi.l Edmnnd GooUl Fltz-George,riiilip Pouncli Oct. Gth 1(513. Fitz-.Inhn. E(lmi)nJ Tyn-y Fitz-EJ- Ailam Goold Fitz-Patrick, Christopher moiul Jan. 13th 1G13. Galhvey 1G15 William Gold Fitz-George Edmond Goold Fitz-Henry, Nicholas Oct. 3rd 1614. Lombard Fitz-James. Dominick Roche Fitz-James. Feb. 20 101 1 1G16 George Tvrrv Fitz-Edd. John Galhvey, James Goold. Oct. 2iid 1615. John Coppinjxer Fitz-John Maurice Roche Fitz-James, Thomas ]\Iar- Jan. 31bt 1615. tell Fitz-Philip, Robert WiagheFitz-David JohnCoppingcr. April 3r(l. 1G17 Patrick Tvrrv John Copi)ingor Fitz-John, William Gall- July 20th"l616. wey Fitz-Edmond. Robert Miagh, StephenGalwayFitz-Walter Sopt 30th 1616. 1G18 William Gold Fitz-Gcorge Thomas INIorlv, LanccUotTeape. Oct. Gth 1617. 1619 John Coppinger Fitz-John Robert Glover, Richard Cooke. Oct. 5th 1G18. 1G20 WilliamTirrieFitz-Richd. John Ghilbort, Robert Myntren. Oct. 4th 1619 1621 Andrew SkiddieFitz-Wil- Henry Roberts, Richard Rowse. liam. Oct. 2ad 1620. 1622 John Coppinger, Jun. John Addis, John Tucker. Oct. 1st 1621. 1623 John Rnch Fitz-Patrick Richard Connell, Edmond MurlHe. Sept. 30th 1622. 1 624 John Roche. Sept. 6th James Lombard, James Karnev. 1623. 1625 Henry Gold Fitz-Adam John Miagh Fitz-Hcnry, Richard Hallyn Oct. 4th 1624. Fitz-Robcrt. 1626 Edmond Martell Fitz- Stephen Martell, David Lombard Fitz- Philip, Oct. 3d 1625. James. Oct. 7th. 1627 William Here. Oct. 2d John Gold Fitz-James, James Mathew 1626. Fitz-James. 1628 David Tvrrv Fitz-Edmond Stephen Gould, James Fitz-Gcrrald. Oct. Ist"l627. 1629 James Murroghe Oct. Gth Ma>u-ice Roche Fitz-Patrick, Milcher La- 1628. valhne. 1630 Thomas Ronayne .. William Tirrie Fitz-George, Thomas Fitz- John-Gerald. 1631 Maurice Roche Oct. 4th Nicholas Skiddy, Patrick Drady. 1630. 1G32 Jeffry Gallway Fitz- Richard Tirry, John Drady. Patrick, Oct. 3rd 1631. 1633 Wm. Roche Fitz Dominick Robert Coppinger, Edward Gould. Oct. 1st 1632. 1634 Richard Roche, Sept 30th Robert Verdon, Dominick Tyrry. 1633. 308 CORK REMEMBRANCER A.r. Mayors. 1G35 Thomas Martell, Oct. Gth 1634. 1G36 Robert Miagh, Oct. 5th 1635. 1G37 David Meade, Oct. 3rd 1636, 1638 Patrick Lavaliiie, Aug. I8th 1637. 1639 Thomas Sarsfleld, Aug. 21 1638. 1640 Thomas Fitz-GeorgeGoold Sept. 3rd 1639. 1641 Milcher Lavalline, Oct. 5th 1640. 1642 Maurice Roche Fitz- Patrick. Nov. 1st 1641. 1643 John Roche Fitz-Maurice Oct. 3rd 1642. Sheriffs. James Roche Fitz-Patrick,\Vm. Kearney, William White, Dominick Morrogh. Patrick Arthur, William Verdon. Thomas Sarsfield, William Tirrie. James Fitz-I'atrick Sarsfield, James Fitz- David Gould. Stephen Coppinger, John Fitz-Maurice Roche. George Thirry Fitz-William, Philip Mar- tell Fitz-Edward. Francis Roche, Edmond Roche. Richard Galvvey, Philip Roche ; the latter haviHff died before he was sworn, Robert Thyrry Fitz-Robert was elected on the I'ith day of October, in his stead. 1644 Robert Coppinger .. 1645 James Lombard For ten years there were no civil Magistrates, it being the period of Cromwell' s usurpation. In the year 1655, Sir William Fenton, and four others, xvho were ancient freemen of the city, met together and elected John Hodder, Mayor, and William Hodder and Philip Matheivs, Sheriffs. Since this time all the offices of the Corporation have been filled by Protestants, 1656 John Hodder, 1657 Wm. Hodder, 1658 Philip Mathews, 1659 Jonas Morris, 1660 Chris. Oliver, 1661 Walt. Cooper, 1662 Rich. Covett, 1663 James Vandeluer, 1664 Rich. Basset, 1665 Noblet Dunscombe, 1666 Thos. Farren, 1667 Christopher Rye, 1668 Christopher Rye, 1669 Mathew Deane, 1670 James Finch, 1671 Jn. Newenham, 1672 John Hawkins, 1673 Thomas Mills, 1674 John Bayley, ^\■ilHam Hodder, Philip Mathews. Richard CoTett, Timothy Tuckey. Richard Basset, John Bayley. Richard Lane, Noblet Dunscombe. Thomas Farren, John Flyn. Christopher Rye, Nicholas King. •• Robert Williams, Thomas Crook. William French, Richard Purdon. James Finch, Mathew Deane. John Newenham, Patrick Ronayne. John Hawkins, Timothy Tuckey. Thomas Mill, George Wright. Thomas Kitchenman, Robert Fletcher. William Field, Richard Harvey. William Wren, Thomas Walker. Jonathan Perry, John Bayley. Thomas Franklin, John Terry. James Mills, Thomas Wills. Robert Rogers, William Hull. APPENDIX. 309 A.n. Mai/ors. 1G75 r.eo. Wright, 1G7G William Fiekl, 1677 Timothy Tuekey, 1G78 Thomas Kitchenman, 1679 John Bayley, 1680 Robert Rogers, 1681 William Alwin, 1GS2 Richard Covett, 1683 John Wright, 1681 Edward Webber, *1685 Christopher Crofts, 1686 Edward Hoare, 1 687 Wm. Ballard & Ignatius for King James. 1G88 Patrick Roche, 1689 Dorainick Sarsfield, 1690 William Ballard, 1691 Daniel Crone, 1692 William Charters, 1693 William Howell, 1691 Peter Renew, 1G95 Samuel Love, 1696 Jas. French, 1697 Wm. Roberts, 1698 William Goddard, 1699 Theo. Morris, 1700 John Sealy, 1701 Simon Bring, 1702 John Whiting, 1703 Edm. Knap, 1704 W'illiara Andrews, 1705 Fras. Cotterel, 1706 Bernard Puye, 1707 Jos. Franklin, 1708 Row. Delahoyde, 1709 Noblet Rogers, 1710 Edward Hoare, Skeri^s. John Wright, Edward "Webber. Edward Youd, John Se-jly. William Allen, Christopher Crofts. William Maleborn, Richard Terry. . . William Ballard, William Howell Randal Hull, Henry Gerald. Thomas Croneen, Stephen Cook. , William Charters, Eleazer Lavers. Zachariah Coke, Samuel Bayley. Edward Hoare, John Bayley. Daniel Crone, John Champion. Thomas Browne, Edward Tucker. Gold, William Coppinger, William White. Bate French, Thomas Murrough. . . Patrick Mead, Patrick Nagle. William Roberts, William Green. Peter Renew, Samuel Love. John Whiting, Richard Slocomb. James French, Simon Dring. John Raynes, William Goddard. . Ed. Knap, Jonathan Tressilion. Theoph. Morice, Ferd. Penington. Richard Crab, Thomas Kinsmell. William Andrews, Edward Yeamans. Earth. Taylor, John Allen. Joseph Ruddock, Fr. Cotterel. Joseph Franklin, Bern. Poye. WiUiam Masters, Abraham Watkins. Mathias Smith, Edward Brown. Daniel Perdriau, Rowl. Delahoyde, William Cockeril, Daniel Pierce. Noblet Rogers, Patrick Hamilton. Edward Hoare, John Hawkins William Lambley, James Morison. Richard Philips, Samuel Wilson. Thomas Barry, Samuel Ablin. ♦This is probably the same name as Crafts. We have seen an old fashioned silver bos with Nicholas Dunscombe, Esq. of Grenville Place, which bears the following inscription, " The gift of George Crafts, to Noblett Dunscombe, Nouember 1679." Tliis George Crafts was, we presume of the same family as the above Christopher Crofts. The silver box contains an Antelopes foot of a very beautiful species, it is exceedingly small, and is tipped with gold. Both the box and the little relic which it contains still remain in Jlr. Dunscombe' 3 family. Dl 310 CORK REMEMBRANCER A i>. Mayors. 1711 Richard Philips, 1712 Daniel Pev.lriau, 1713 John Allen, 1714 Edward Browne, 1715 Philip French, 1716 William Lamblej', 1717 Abraham French, 1718 John Morley, 1719 John Terry, 1720 Joseph Lavite, 1721 William Hawkins, 1722 Dan. Pierce, 1723 Ed. Brocklesby, 1724 Geo. Bennet, 1725 Amb. Cramer, 1726 Robt. Atkins, 1727 Thomas Brown, 1728 Hugh Milhml, 1729 John Atkins, 1730 Jos. Austin, 1731 James Hulet, 1732 Sam. Croker, 1733 Thomas Pembroke, 1734 Geo. Fuller, 1735 Amb. Jackson, 1736 Thos. Farren, 1737 John Baldwin 1738 Adam Newman 1739 Wm. Fuller, 1740 Harding Parker 1741 Richard Bradshaw, 1742 Wm. Owgans, 1743 Randie Westrop, 1741 William Winthrop, 1745 Wm. Lavite 1 74G William Taylor, 1747 Hugh Millard, 1748 Dan. Crone, 1749 William Holmes, 1750 Robert Wri.xon, 1751 William Bustoad, 1752 Mathias Smith, 1753 Sir John Frekc, bart. 1754 Geo, Ilodder Sheriffs. John Terry, Richard Addis. l*hilip French, Anthony Goss, Abraham French, Joseph Lavite. J(din Morison, Hugh Millard. John Morley, Francis Power. Thomas Shears, Thomas Brown. William Hawkins, Charles Cotterel. Edw. Brocklesby, Joseph Austin John Maunsel, George Fuller. Samuel Croker, James Farrcaut. William Ougan, Augustus Cavre. Robert Atkins, George Bennet. Amb. Cramer, James Hulet. Francis Rowland, Thomas Pembroke. William Bustead, John Franklin. James Crook, Ambrose Jackson. John Atkins, William Lane. Dan. Engane, Thomas Austin. Francis Hcaly, Harding Parker. Whetenhal Hignet, John Baldwin. James Piercy, Robert Travers. Wm. Newenham, Adam Newman. Kobert Dring, Walter Lavite. Thomas Farren, Wm. Delahoydc. William Fuller, Thomas Brown. Daniel Crone, Richard Bradshaw. Christ. Carleton, Hor. Townscnd. Randie Westrop, Nath. Barry. John Terry, Noblet Philips. George Fuller, William Clarke. William Taylor, Wm. Winthrop. Mathias Smith, Hugh .Alillard. Robert Wrixon, William Harding. Sir Lichard Cox, bart. Usiicr Philpot. Nicholas Ford, David Bruce. Phineas Bury, William Holmes. William Busteed, George Hodder. James Chatterton, Hugh Reily. John Webb, John Svvete. Sir J. Freke, bart. R. Newenham. Francis Carleton, Hugh Swayne John Wrixon, Stephen Denroche. John Cossart, Kevan Izod. John Smith. Jos. Witheral APPENDIX. 311 K D. 1 ?55 175G 1757 1758 1759 1760 17GI 1762 1763 1764 1765 1766 1767 1768 1769 1770 1771 1772 1773 1774 1775 1776 1777 1778 1779 1780 1781 1782 1783 1781 1785 1783 1787 1788 1789 1790 1791 1792 1793 1794 Mayors. JdIhi Hoily Williaiii! ILinliiig . . Usher Philpott John Swete Phineas Bury Joseph Withcral Andrew Franklin John Wrixon John Smith Boyle Travers Wni. Parks Sara. Maylor James Chatterton Noblet Phillips Godfrey Baker . . Christ. Collis John Webb John Roc Francis Rowland John Travers Wm Butler Hugh Lawtovi Thos. Owgau Palms Westi-opp John Harding Frs. Carleton Walter Travers Sober Kent, Richard Kollet, James Morrisson, Sir John Franklin, . . Sir Samuel Rowland, James Kingston, Richard Purccll, Henry Harding, died in office and was succeeded hy Humphrey Crowly. Richard Harris, Henry Puxley, John Shaw, William Wilcocks, John Thompson, 1795 Jaspor Lucas, Sheriffs. Samuel Maylor, Godl'rey Baker Thos. Neweuham, John Roe Boyle Travers, P. Westropp W. Parks, Christ. CulHs Andw. Franklin, Dan. Connor H. Harding, Thomas Owgan W. Fitton, James Morrisson Walter Travers, Robert Lane Francis Rowland, Wm. Coles Henry Wrixon, Wm. Butler Sam. Rowland W. Wilcocks John Travers, John Harding S. Two good French, H, Lawton Sober Kent, Richard Lloyd Beiijn. Bousfield, Richard Kellct Peter Cossart, Jasper Lucas John Wrixon, Henry Puxley Richard Harris, John Franklin Kingsmill Berry, Francis Carleton, jun. Thomas Fuller, Philip Benuet W. Lawton, I\I. R. Westropp, C. Denroche John Day, Wm. Leycester Thos. Harding, Richard Lane Christopher Lawton, Richd. Purcell Michael Busteed, Vesian Pick James Kingston, Aylmer AUea R. Hutchinson. Peter Dumas John Thompson, J. Lindsaj-. John Shaw, Thomas Waggett. Philip Allen, Humphrey Crowley. William Lumley, Henry Sadlcir. Christopher Allen, Christopher Waggett. Rowland Morrisson, Jeff. Piercy. J. Herbert Orpen, Paul Maylor. Thomas Harding, jun. N. Johnson. C. Ferguson, Sir H. B, Hayes. James Sadleir, Thomas Dorman. William Clerke, John Forster. Charles Evanson, William Lane. David Perrier, knighted duriny office. Henry Bagncll. Stretlel Jackson, Michael Wood. 312 CORK REMEMBRANCER A.D. Mai/ors. 1796 Vesian Pick, knighted . . during office. 1797 Kingsmill Berry, 1798 Philip Bennett, 1799 Michael Busteetl, 1800 Philip Allen, 1801 Michl. Roberts Westropp. 1802 Richard Lane, 1803 Christopher Allen, died in office, and was succeeded by Thomas Waggett. 1804 Charles Evanson, 1805 Rowland Morrison, 1806 John Day, 1807 Thomas Harding, 1808 John Forster, 1809 Noblet Johnson, 1810 Paul Maylor, 1811 Thomas Dorman, 1812 Peter Dumas, 1813 Sir David Perrier, knt.. . 1814 John George Newsom, . . 1815 Henry Sadleir, *1816 Edward Allen, 1817 Thomas Gibbings, 1818 Richard Digby, 1819 Isaac Jones, tl820 Sir Anthony Perrier, . , 1821 Edward Newsom, 1822 Henry Bagnell, 1823 Bartholomew Gibbings, . . 1824 J. N. Wrixon, 1825 Thomas F. Harrison, . . 1826 Richard N. Parker, 1827 Thomas Dunscombe, 1828 Thomas Pope, Sheriffs. Thomas Gibbings, Edward Allen, Robert Harding, John Cuthbert, jun. Abraham Lane, Isaac Jones. Thomas Pope, Richard Digby, Henry Hickman, William Lane. John George Newsom, J. N. Wrixon. Thomas Dunscombe, Christopher Cole. John Cotter, jun. William Busteed. Peter Besnard, George Knapp. Richard N. Parker, Richard Maguire. Richard Lane, Charles Cole. Joseph Leycester, George S. Waggett. William Jameson, jun. Anthony Perrier, the latter was knighted during office. Thomas Harris, John D. Church. Robert Deane, J. Besnard, jun. Edward Newsom, James Lane. Bartholomew Gibbings, Francis Redder. Joseph Garde, Henry Bagnell, jun. Henry Bennett, William Johnson. Thomas Deane, William Lucas, Charles Perry, Charles Evanson. J. W. Newsom, Samuel Lane. H. B. Westropp, T. F. Harrison, William Preston White, George Atkins. Lionel J. Westropp, T. P. Boland. Isaac Morgan, R. Leycester, John Saunders, Julius Besnanl. William Crofts, Robert Lawe. Edward Colburne, John Bagnell, George Newsom, Andrew Spearing. John Wallis, William J. Jones. Robert Evory, Osborne Savage. Samuel Perry, jun J. J. Cummins. * There was a vacancy in the beginning of this year ; George Knapp who was elected, not being eligible as being a revenue officer. There was a new election in November when Mr. Allen was elected Mayor ; Mr. Allen died in office, and no successor for the remainder of the year was appointed. t There was a similar vacancy this year, Christopher Coie, who was elected, having resigned ; there was cynsequently a new election in November, when Sir Anthony Perrier was elected. APPENDIX. 313 A.D. Mayors. 1829 George Kuapp, 1830 Josepli Garde, 1831 John Besnard, 1832 Joseph Leycester, 1833 Charles Perry, 1834 Richard Lane, died in office, and teas succeeded by Andrew Spearing, *1835 Peter Besnard, 1836 John Saunders, 1837 John Baguell, 1838 Lionel J. Westropp, 1839 James Lane, Sheriffs. James Wallis, Nicholas Vincent. George W. Foott, Thomas Deanc, thelatter knighted during office. Aylmer Richard Martin, William John. Charles E. Hardy, Wm. Lumley Perrier. Randal Howe, Aylmer Allen. William White, knighted during office; George Foott. William Rogers, J B. Ballard. James C. Perry, Richard B. Tooker. Robert Vincent, George F. Sadleir. Thomas Exham, Nicholas Cummins. George Newsom, William Harris. COMMON'S SPEAKERS OF CORK, Since the Year 1 792. 1792 Charles Evauson 1808 1793 David Perrier 1809 1794 Strettle Jackson 1810 1795 Edward Allen 1811 1796 Robert Harding 1812 1797 Richard Digby 1813 1798 Thomas Pope 1814 1799 William Lane 1815 1800 John G. Newsom 1816 1801 Thos. Dunscombe 1817 1802 John Cotter 1818 1803 Peter Besnard 1819 1804 Richard N. Parker 1820 1805 William Jameson 1821 1806 Joseph Leycester 1822 1807 Anthony Perrier 1823 Thomas Harris John Besnard James Lane Barthw. Gibbings H. Bagnell, jun. William Johnson Thomas Deane C. Evanson, jun. George Campbell Wm. Henry Allen George Atkins Thomas P. Boland Isaac Morgan Julius Besnard R(jbert Lawe Edward Colburne 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 George Newsom Wm. Thos. Jones Robert Evory Sam. Rich. Perry Richard Sainthill Thomas Deane William John Charles E. Hardy Aylmer W. Allen George Foott William Rogers John D. Croker Robert Vincent George Newsom William Harris Benjamin Deeble • The Magistrates elected for this jear were Uobert Deaue, Ksq. Mayor, and William Rogers, and James B. Ballard, Esqrs. Sherift's ; but a memorial from several of the citi- zens having been presented to the Lord Lieutenant and Privy Council, against their sanc- tioning the election, on the alleged ground of their being Orangemen, his excellency refused to sanction the appointment, in consequence of which a new election was necessary when, pursuant to a bye law of the Corporation, a new drawing for mayor took place, and Peter Besnard, Esq. was chosen ; the same Sherill's as before were re-elected, and the Lord Liuuteuaut sauctioucd their appointmeut. 314 CORK REMEMBRANCER SOVEREIGNS OF KINS ALE. 1G19 William Young The Records from this year to 1G23 are lost. 16-23 James l?nche The Records from this year to June 1652, are also lost. 1651 Tristm. Whitcomb 1652 HughPercivaI,di32 Richard Oliver Aldworth, 1833 Richard Longlleld, LoiigiteviUe 1834 Lord Ennismore, 1835 Lord Berehaveii, 1836 Hon. r, obert King, 1S37 Sir George Goold, Bart. 1838 Richard White, 1839 John Isaac Heard of Kinsale, 1810 Joseph Capel Fitzgerald, of Cloghroe, who died in office, and was succeeded by Horatio Tovvnsend of Woodside. APPENDIX. 319 MEMBERS HETURXED TO PARLIAMENT BY THE CONSTITUENCIES OF THE COUNTY OF CORK. County of Cork. 1585 April — Sir John Norreis, Knt. William Cogan, Esquite John Fitzgerald, Esq. of Cloyne 1G13 Ajyril iOth— DermodM'Caithy Esq. nf Loliort Andi-eu' Barrett, Esq. of Ballin- colly lG3i June SSrc^— Sir Wm. St Leger Knt. of Donoraile Sir Donagh M'Carthy, Knt. 1S39 March 2wZ— Sir W. St. Legor, Knt. of Doneraile Siv Donagh M'Carthy, Knt. Itedm. Roche, of Cahirdongan, expelled the 22nd of June lG-12, for the rebellion. 1G61 April 2bth—Uon. Rich. Boyle, Sir Henry Tynte, Knt. Iloxhall • June 2nd. Sir John Perceval, bart. of Burton, vice Tynte, deceased 1CG5 Dec. 7th — Roger Lord Broghil, vice Boyle deceased John St. Leger, Esq. of Done- raile, vice Percival deceased 1G92 Sept. l9th—Uon. Hen. Bojlc Sir St. John Brodrick, Knt. of Ballyenane, alias Midlcton 1G95 Aug. &fh — Sir St. John Brod- rick, Knt. of Ballyenane Thomas Brodrick, Esq. of "Wandsworth, Surrey 1703 .iu(/. 28'7« Sir John Perceval, Bart, of Burton Thomas Brodrick, Esq. of Midleton 1713 Oct. 31sf— Sir John Perceval, Bart, of Burton Alan Brodrick, Esq of MiJlcton 1715 Oct. 20th — Hon. St. John Brodrick, of Ballyenane Ilcnry Boyle, Esq. of Castle- martyr 1727 Oct 26M— Hon. St. John Bro- drick, of Ballyenane Henry Boyle, Esq. of Castle- martyr 1728 JfJarch 3')th— Sir :\Iat. Deane, Bart, of Dromore, vice Brodrick deceased 17 17 Oct. 28?^— Arthur Hyde. Esq. of Castle Hyde, vice Deane, deceased 1753 MayMth — Charles Yisct. Dun- garvan, vice Boyle created Earl of Shannon 1759 Nov. 6th — Richard Townsend, Esq. of Castletownsend, vice Lord Dvnrjarvan deceased 1761 April 25i!/(— Richard, Yiscount Boyle of Castlemartyr Richard Townsend, Esq. of Castletownsend 1765 Nov. IK/i— Hon. John Lysaght of Mount North, v:ce Boyle become Earl of Shannon 17C8 .7/'/?/ 2lsf— Richard Townsenl, Esq. of Castletownsend Johp Hyde, Esq. of Castlchyde Gregg 1 776 Sir R. T. Meade 1782 James Bernard, Esq. 1783 Lord Kingsborough 1791 .\braham Morris, Esq. 1797 Yiscount Bo\le 1798 R. U. Fitzgerald, Esq. ISOG Hon. Gonrge Ponsonby, 1812 Hon. Richard Hare, • From the year 17;(5 tlic chanjos hi tlii' rcurcsciitiitioti arc onlv .sivcii. 320 CORK REMEMBRANCER 1813 Jiihj—hhm. Edw. King, Yisct. Kingsborough. 1826 July 2btJi— Ron. Robt. King 1827 Hon. John Bojle 1830 Sept.— Uon. Richard Boyle 1833 Jan. 29