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 STATUE 
 
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 JULY £. 191 j 
 
THE STATUE. 
 
EXERCISES 
 
 AT THE 
 
 DEDICATION OF THE 
 
 STATUE 
 
 OF 
 
 WENDELL PHILLIPS 
 
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 JULY <;, 191 ? 
 
 
 fe BOSTOIfIA $i 
 
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 CITY OF BOSTON 
 
 PRINTING DEPARTMENT 
 
 19 16 
 
 teEESTJSUT HILL, M/ 
 
CITY OF BOSTON. 
 
 In City Council, July 16, 1915. 
 Ordered, That the City Clerk be authorized to prepare and 
 have printed an edition of 500 copies of a volume containing 
 an account of the exercises at the dedication of the Wendell 
 Phillips Memorial; said volume to be distributed under the 
 direction of the Committee on Printing, and the expense to be 
 charged to the appropriation for City Documents. 
 
 Passed. Approved by the Acting Mayor July 19, 1915. 
 
 Attest: 
 
 W. J. DOYLE, 
 
 Assistant City Clerk. 
 
 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 Page 
 
 Invocation by Rev. Montrose W. Thornton, D. D., 8 
 
 Address by Acting Mayor George W. Coleman, 11 
 
 Address by William Dexter Brigham . . . 15 
 
 Address by Frank B. Sanborn 31 
 
 Address by William Monroe Trotter ... 36 
 
 Address by Michael J. Jordan 43 
 
 Original Poem by William Lloyd Garrison, Jr., 52 
 
 History op Wendell Phillips Statue .... 54 
 
PROGRAM 
 
 Hon. George W. Coleman, Acting Mayor, will preside. 
 
 INVOCATION. Montrose William Thornton, D. D. 
 
 ADDRESSES ON MR. PHILLIPS' LIFE WILL BE GIVEN 
 BY THE FOLLOWING SPEAKERS, COVERING 
 THE FOUR PERIODS OF HIS LIFE, UNDER THE 
 TITLES OF 
 
 "Morning. — Youth and Vision." 
 William Dexter Brigham. 
 
 "Noon.— The Abolition Period." 
 Franklin Benjamin Sanborn. 
 
 "Afternoon. — Citizenship for the Colored American." 
 William Monroe Trotter. 
 
 "Evening. — What Mr. Phillips did for Ireland; also, his other 
 
 Philanthropies." 
 
 Michael J. Jordan, Esq. 
 
 Original Poem. — "Wendell Phillips." 
 William Lloyd Garrison, Jr. 
 
 Unveiling Statue by a lad. 
 John C. Phillips, Jr. 
 
 Music by a chorus of colored singers from the Boston churches, 
 under the direction of Dr. Walter 0. Taylor and 
 J. Sherman Jones. 
 
OPENING EXERCISES 
 
 The exercises of unveiling and dedicating the 
 Wendell Phillips statue by the City of Boston were 
 opened by Mr. William D. Brigham, as secretary 
 of the Wendell Phillips Memorial Association, who 
 introduced the Acting Mayor, George W. Cole- 
 man, president of the City Council. Mr. Coleman 
 called upon Rev. Montrose William Thornton, 
 pastor of the Charles Street African Methodist 
 Episcopal Church, for the invocation. 
 
WENDELL PHILLIPS 
 
 DEDICATORY PRAYER 
 
 By the Rev. Montrose William Thornton, Ph. D. 
 
 Almighty and everlasting God, who art the 
 Sovereign of the universe, and rulest the children 
 of men as seemeth good in thy sight, look down, 
 we beseech thee in mercy, upon this historic gather- 
 ing. We adore thee, God, as the Lord of Hosts. 
 We come unto thee at this hour to acknowledge 
 our gratitude for the blessings of this day, the 
 anniversary of this nation's birth and the illus- 
 trious lives of the great, the patriots whose memory 
 we bless in these exercises. We thank thee and 
 adore thy name for the gift of an Andrew, a Garri- 
 son, a Sumner and the immortal Wendell Phillips, 
 the latter whose life we now extoll and whose deeds 
 we revere. In thy name and by the services that 
 bring us here, as this shaft of bronze and marble 
 is unveiled and dedicated to the great cause for 
 which he gave his precious life, we beseech thy 
 favor and pray as the generations pass this way 
 their gaze upon this monument will perpetuate in 
 their souls the worth and services of one of thy 
 greatest sons. 
 
 For him we the living do pray; suffer not the 
 wicked to accomplish their ungodly purposes; defeat 
 
MEMORIAL STATUE. 9 
 
 the designs and machinations of those who would 
 invade the equal rights or abridge the just privi- 
 leges of the people. 
 
 May law and order, justice and equity and the 
 sound principles of thy Holy Word prevail in our 
 land and in all the nations of the earth. 
 
 O Lord, put to naught the counsels of those who 
 delight in war and bloodshed, and who will adopt 
 no method to adjust disputes but that of leading 
 thousands into the field of battle, and ushering 
 multitudes unprepared into the presence of an 
 offended and awful God. 
 
 O Lord, hear our prayers for peace, for the rulers 
 of this land and Commonwealth; teach them and 
 those they serve to cultivate harmony and love; 
 make an end of tumult; let all false ideas of dig- 
 nity and glory be buried in the dust, and may all in 
 authority see that it is their greatest glory to legis- 
 late and govern in the fear of the Lord and for the 
 peace and quiet of the nation. 
 
 Graciously bless these noble spirits, the good men 
 and women inspired in the endeavor of this hour, 
 who have led forth this splendid undertaking to 
 perpetuate the loving memory of their worthy 
 brother, and may the Wendell Phillips Memorial 
 Association live and flourish in humanitarian serv- 
 ice until men everywhere shall be touched with 
 thy spirit of brotherhood and all shall be one with 
 thee. 
 
 Our trust is in thee; thou livest and reignest on 
 
10 WENDELL PHILLIPS 
 
 high. Oh, come down and live and reign also 
 among the people, and overrule their agitations to 
 thine own glory and the furtherance of thy pur- 
 poses of wisdom and mercy. From this day forth 
 cause the wrath of man to praise thee, and the 
 remainder of wrath do thou restrain. May peace 
 and harmony take the place of discontent and com- 
 motion, and may love and good will animate the 
 hearts of the children of men everywhere. 
 
 thou prayer-hearing and prayer-answering God, 
 hear our supplications, and grant us an answering 
 in peace through Jesus Christ, to whom, as the 
 Lamb that was slain to redeem us to God by his 
 blood, be blessing, and honor, and glory, and power 
 forever and ever. Amen. 
 
THE SPEAKERS AT THE DEDICATION. 
 
MEMORIAL STATUE. 11 
 
 ADDRESS 
 
 By Acting Mayor George w. Coleman 
 
 It may be interesting for you to hear a little of 
 the history of the Wendell Phillips Memorial Asso- 
 ciation and concerning the statue to be dedicated 
 to-day. 
 
 Wendell Phillips died February 2, 1884. Soon 
 after that the Wendell Phillips Association was 
 formed, with the thought of raising money to build 
 a hall for working people as a memorial to Wendell 
 Phillips. In 1894 the name was changed to the 
 Wendell Phillips Memorial Association by act of 
 the Legislature, and the funds, which had been 
 rather slow in gathering, were used to purchase two 
 scholarships, one in Harvard University and one 
 in Tufts College, to be given to some student who 
 showed promise of oratorical powers. Soon after 
 this was done the association slumbered for about 
 twenty-five years. Then it was revived in 1911, 
 and Dr. A. N. Abbott of South Boston, who was 
 treasurer of the original association, has continued 
 treasurer up to the present time. 
 
 On the one hundredth anniversary of the birth of 
 Wendell Phillips, November 29, 1911, a celebration 
 of this event was held in Faneuil Hall under the 
 auspices of the National Equal Rights League, an 
 
12 WENDELL PHILLIPS 
 
 organization chiefly of colored citizens, and the 
 New England Suffrage League. The suggestion 
 was then made that the City of Boston erect a 
 statue in honor of Wendell Phillips and the matter 
 was brought to the attention of the City Council 
 and of Hon. John F. Fitzgerald, who was then Mayor 
 of Boston, by Mr. Earnest E. Smith, one of the City 
 Council. A meeting was called by the committee 
 appointed at the centenary celebration of fifty 
 representative citizens, who requested the Mayor 
 to provide for this statue. As a result of these 
 conferences Mayor Fitzgerald sent a message to 
 the City Council, requesting them to appropriate 
 $20,000 for the erection of a statue, and the Council 
 heartily agreed to this. So that we are indebted to 
 Mayor Fitzgerald for originating the order, as under 
 the new charter all orders must originate with the 
 Mayor, and we are indebted to the City Council 
 for voting the money. 
 
 It was first suggested that the money be taken from 
 the Parkman Fund left for the beautifying of public 
 parks, but it was afterwards voted that the money 
 be taken from the general tax levy, so that the 
 humblest citizen of Boston who is a taxpayer con- 
 tributed his share to the erection of this monument. 
 
 Repeated conferences were held by the committee 
 of the Wendell Phillips Memorial Association with 
 the Art Commission. Differences of opinion devel- 
 oped as to where the statue should be located, 
 whether on Beacon street opposite Walnut, looking 
 down upon the house where Mr. Phillips was born, 
 
MEMORIAL STATUE. 13 
 
 or on the corner of Charles and Beacon streets; 
 but it was finally decided by concurrent action of 
 the Art Commission and the Park Commission that 
 the statue should be located where it is to-day, 
 with the beautiful Public Garden for a background 
 and facing the wide boulevard of Boylston street, 
 and facing the southwest, as the sculptor desired. 
 
 The citizens of Boston are especially fortunate 
 that the Art Commission chose for the sculptor 
 Daniel Chester French, whose work in the " Minute 
 Man" at Concord, the statue of John Harvard in 
 Cambridge and " Death Arresting the Sculptor" in 
 Forest Hills Cemetery is so well known. He is one 
 of the most eminent living American sculptors and 
 has been particularly successful in making an impres- 
 sive statue and an accurate representation of Mr. 
 Phillips' expression and figure. The cost of the 
 statue was $20,000 and honors the memory and per- 
 petuates the influence of one of Boston's most 
 illustrious sons, and one who with two or three 
 others changed the world's history and led to the 
 final abolition of slavery and struck the shackles 
 from 4,000,000 slaves. 
 
 As a young man I went once to hear the great 
 Phillips speak, determined to discover, if I could, 
 the secret of his oratorical power. The subject he 
 was announced to speak upon did not particularly 
 interest me at the time, and I thought I could give 
 my whole attention to an analysis of his speaking 
 gifts. Afterwards at home, when I was asked what 
 I had discovered, I had to admit that in the flow 
 
14 WENDELL PHILLIPS 
 
 of his smooth rhetoric I had forgotten all about my 
 purpose to study him and had become absorbed in 
 what he was talking about. If I remember cor- 
 rectly that was his last public address and was given 
 in the hall of the Boston Young Men's Christian 
 Union. 
 
 Another outstanding memory I have of Phillips 
 is the loving partnership that existed between him 
 and his invalid wife. She cheered and encouraged 
 him in his darkest hours when there were but scant 
 sources of comfort to be found anywhere else. 
 
 Wendell Phillips had the heart and the vision and 
 the courage to step outside the limitations of his 
 own aristocratic, cultured, privileged class and give 
 himself, all that he had and was and all that he 
 hoped to be, to the men and women of another class, 
 unfavored, unprivileged and unchampioned, in 
 order that he might improve their station in life. 
 What we need to-day more than anything else in 
 this great city, in the old Bay State, throughout 
 our country and the world around, is men like Phillips 
 who are sufficiently big-hearted, broad-minded and 
 courageous to sense the difficulties and sufferings of 
 some class or race not their own and devote them- 
 selves to an improvement of their condition. 
 
MEMORIAL STATUE. 15 
 
 ADDRESS 
 
 By Mr. William D. Brigham 
 
 Fellow Citizens, Ladies and Gentlemen: 
 
 The highest peaks of the Alps catch the first 
 rays of the morning light, while the valleys below 
 are still submerged in darkness. So it seems to 
 me a few persons in each century seem to catch 
 the morning light of God's plans and to have what 
 we call vision. Everyone has some ideal to which 
 he tries to measure up. Wendell Phillips was 
 what we might call a practical idealist. 
 
 We are all interested in the stories of Greek 
 and Roman mythology, for these nations personified 
 everything, — war, peace, with their heroes and 
 heroines, the winds, the sea, the skies, the stars, 
 fruits and flowers, — and yet, interesting as all 
 these stories are, we always have the feeling, I 
 think, that they were unreal. 
 
 Wendell Phillips was a man among men, a man 
 of like passions with ourselves, who attended our 
 schools, went to our colleges and walked our streets, 
 and many of us still living remember his beautiful 
 and benignant face as he dwelt among us, in the 
 peaceful evening of life after the storm and stress 
 of his youth and earlier years. 
 
16 WENDELL PHILLIPS 
 
 I think that sometimes the common blessings 
 of life — air, sunshine, home, friendship, liberty — 
 are enjoyed by us with almost unthankful hearts, 
 and I am sure it is well and profitable to-day to 
 pause for a few moments to express our gratitude 
 to one who more than anyone else, with perhaps a 
 single exception, brought about the abolition of 
 slavery in this country. We do well to honor his 
 memory — to remember that when friends forsook 
 him, when his own family turned from him and when 
 the church of the living God, which should have led 
 in the conflict, was either indifferent or hostile, 
 he never wavered in his purpose that slavery 
 should be abolished. 
 
 I think it is impressive to remember how few 
 persons there really were who furnished the inspira- 
 tion, did the work, risked their lives, to free the 
 slaves — Phillips, Garrison, Sumner, Andrew, Beecher, 
 Harriet Beecher Stowe, Whittier, Theodore Parker 
 and Abraham Lincoln and Julia Ward Howe. 
 
 Some of our greatest men were born in lowly 
 circumstances and in extreme poverty. President 
 McKinley used to relate how, when he was a boy, 
 on a winter morning he would go out into the pasture 
 with his mother and stand on the place where the 
 cow had been lying all night, to warm his bare feet, 
 while his mother milked the cow. 
 
 But Wendell Phillips was born of an historic family, 
 in affluence. He had the charm of great personal 
 beauty, an education at the Boston Latin School 
 and at Harvard University and the Harvard Law 
 
MEMORIAL STATUE. 17 
 
 School, a voice so wonderful that people called him 
 "the silver-tongued orator/' and, above all, a heart 
 that went out to every lowly human being. 
 
 On the 12th of April, 1630, the progenitor of the 
 Phillips family in America, Rev. George Phillips, 
 set sail as fellow passenger with Governor Winthrop, 
 Sir Richard Saltonstall and others equally well 
 known. John Phillips, the father of Wendell, is 
 described as being a good man, true as steel, and 
 always trustworthy in the various relations of life. 
 He lived in the fear of God and from his word 
 received instruction for the guidance of his conduct. 
 In a large mansion house which still stands on the 
 lower corner of Beacon and Walnut streets in this 
 city, Wendell Phillips, the eighth child in a family 
 of nine children, was born on the 29th of November, 
 1811. His father, John Phillips, was the first mayor 
 of Boston; his mother, who was a diligent student 
 of the scriptures, brought up Wendell carefully in 
 its truths. In August, 1822, in his eleventh year, 
 he entered the Boston Latin School, which was then 
 at the corner of Chapman place and School street, 
 on the site of the present Parker House. He 
 finished at the Latin School when he was sixteen 
 and entered Harvard College. One of his class- 
 mates says of him: "We were in the same class 
 at school and college for five years. To my mind 
 then, he was the most beautiful person I had ever 
 seen, — handsome indeed in form and feature, — 
 but what I mean by his beauty was his grace of 
 character, his kindly, generous manners, his bright- 
 
18 WENDELL PHILLIPS 
 
 ness of mind and his perfect purity and whiteness 
 of soul — his face had a radiance from which shone 
 forth the soul that dwelt within." 
 
 At the age of fourteen he joined Lyman Beecher's 
 Congregational Church on Hanover street. 
 
 A personal friend asked Mr. Phillips not long 
 before his death, "Mr. Phillips, did you ever con- 
 secrate yourself to God?" "Yes," he answered, 
 "when I was a boy of fourteen years of age, in the 
 old church at the North End, I heard Lyman Beecher 
 preach on the theme, 'You belong to God,' and I 
 went home after that service, threw myself on the 
 floor in my room, with locked doors, and prayed, 
 'O God, I belong to thee; take what is thine own. 
 I ask this, that whenever a thing be wrong, it may 
 have no temptation over me; whenever a thing be 
 right, it may take no courage to do it.' From that 
 day to this it has been so." 
 
 George William Curtis says of Phillips' first 
 speech in Faneuil Hall, when he was twenty-six 
 years old: "In the annals of American speech 
 there has been no such scene since Patrick Henry's 
 electrical warning to George the Third. It was 
 the greatest of oratorical triumphs, when a supreme 
 emotion, a sentiment which is to mold a people 
 anew, lifted the orator to adequate expression; 
 three such scenes are illustrations in our history, — 
 that of the speech of Patrick Henry at Williams- 
 burg, of Wendell Phillips in Faneuil Hall, of Abra- 
 ham Lincoln at Gettysburg, — three, and there is no 
 fourth." 
 
MEMORIAL STATUE. 19 
 
 Among his classmates were Edmund Quincy, 
 George Ticknor, John Lothrop Motley, Charles 
 Sumner and Oliver Wendell Holmes. 
 
 What led Phillips to espouse the anti-slavery 
 cause? He practised his profession for a while 
 and everything pointed to a great success, when the 
 event came which turned the whole current of his 
 life, leading him to forsake all the high inducements 
 which the law held out. Some say it was the sight 
 of Garrison being dragged by a mob through the 
 streets of Boston, October 21, 1835, after the 
 destruction of the office of The Liberator, which 
 inclined Phillips definitely to align himself with the 
 cause of anti-slavery, but he always claimed it was 
 his wife who brought this about — the wife of 
 whom he wrote: "She is my counsel, my guide, 
 my inspiration." He had married Miss Ann Terry 
 Greene, whose uncle and aunt, Mr. and Mrs. Henry 
 G. Chapman, were close friends of Garrison, while 
 the niece herself was ardently devoted to all that 
 might better the condition of the slave. 
 
 Be the cause what it may, Phillips, with his friend 
 Edmund Quincy, joined the New England Anti- 
 Slavery Society, an association founded about this 
 time, and in March of 1836 the former made his 
 maiden speech against slavery at Lynn, encour- 
 aged, among others, by John G. Whittier, himself so 
 whole-souled an agitator in the conflict. Follow- 
 ing this came the speech at Faneuil Hall, occasioned 
 by the horror with which was viewed the assassina- 
 tion of Lovejoy at Alton, 111., for criticising in his 
 
20 WENDELL PHILLIPS 
 
 journal the lynching of a negro; a speech which 
 certainly struck beyond all evading the keynote of 
 the anti-slavery movement from first to last. On 
 October 30, 1842, he made his great speech in 
 Faneuil Hall, in the case of George Latimer, a 
 fugitive slave arrested in Boston, and in March, 
 1855, gave special evidence of his wonderful legal 
 gifts, causing many to regret his apparently narrow 
 consecration of them, when he argued before the 
 Committee on Federal Relations of the Massa- 
 chusetts Legislature in support of petitions for the 
 removal of Judge Loring, who had issued the war- 
 rant to arrest a slave named Anthony Burns. 
 
 The New England Anti-Slavery Society was 
 founded January 6, 1832, when Wendell Phillips 
 was twenty-one, in the schoolroom of the African 
 Baptist Church on Smith court, off Joy street. 
 Said William Lloyd Garrison: "We have met here 
 to-night in this obscure schoolhouse — our members 
 are few and our influence limited; but, mark my 
 prediction, Faneuil Hall shall ere long echo with the 
 principles we have set forth. We shall shake the 
 nation with their mighty power." 
 
 Then began an agitation, says one writer, which 
 for the marvel of its origin, the majesty of its pur- 
 pose, the earnestness, unselfishness and ability of 
 its appeals, the vigor of its assault, the deep, national 
 convulsion it caused, the vast and beneficent changes 
 it wrought and its widespread, indirect influence on 
 all kindred moral questions, is without a parallel 
 in history since Luther. 
 
MEMORIAL STATUE. 21 
 
 Wendell Phillips was a prophet, for he said: "I 
 love inexpressibly these streets of Boston, over 
 whose pavements my mother held up tenderly my 
 baby feet; and if God grants me time enough, I will 
 make them too pure to bear the footsteps of a slave." 
 
 I saw not long ago, in a newspaper published in 
 Boston about 100 years ago, an advertisement of a 
 cow for sale, giving so many quarts of milk per 
 day, and directly under it another advertisement of 
 "A young, strong, healthy colored boy for sale, — 
 will be sold low, to settle an estate." I blush for 
 my native city that ever a man, made in the image 
 of God and with an immortal soul, was publicly 
 offered for sale and that a fugitive slave, Anthony 
 Burns, was dragged through our streets as he was 
 being returned to his master. 
 
 Wendell Phillips said: "The Whigs one day 
 invited Daniel Webster to address them in Faneuil 
 Hall, but the great Daniel was pettish that day 
 and declined. It was well," said Mr. Phillips, 
 "for Faneuil Hall is a good refuge for a fugitive 
 slave to flee to, but a poor place of refuge for 
 recreant statesmen." 
 
 It is interesting to recall that Abraham Lincoln, 
 when a young man, walking with a friend, came to 
 a slave mart at the South where slaves were being 
 sold at auction. He turned to his friend and said: 
 "Some day I will hit that institution and I will 
 hit it hard." Years afterwards he closed the 
 "Emancipation Proclamation" with these words: 
 "Upon this act, taken after great deliberation, I 
 
22 WENDELL PHILLIPS 
 
 invoke the blessing of Almighty God and the 
 considerate judgment of mankind." 
 
 Wendell Phillips said he once heard Daniel 
 Webster make a three-hour speech and at its close 
 one could not tell whether Webster loved slavery or 
 hated it. He opposed Webster bitterly in the 
 latter's advocacy of the Fugitive Slave Law. Not 
 to quote his exact words, Webster said that the 
 purpose of abolitionists "was distinctly treasonable," 
 that the law would be executed in all the great 
 cities. He called upon Massachusetts to discharge 
 her duty of catching fugitive slaves. He said: 
 "You of the South have as much right to recover 
 your fugitive slaves as the North has to any of 
 its rights, privileges of navigation and commerce. 
 The excitement in Boston caused by the Fugi- 
 tive Slave Law is fast subsiding and it is thought 
 there is now no probability of any resistance if a 
 fugitive should be arrested." 
 
 When Commissioner Loring had given his decision 
 that Anthony Burns should be returned to slavery, 
 Wendell Phillips visited him in his cell. Burns 
 looked up into his face with a pathetic appeal: "Mr. 
 Phillips, has everything been done for me that can be 
 done? Must I go back?" 
 
 Mr. Phillips said: "I went over in my mind the 
 history of Massachusetts. I thought of her schools, 
 her colleges of learning, her churches, her courts, 
 her benevolent and philanthropic institutions, her 
 great names, her Puritans, her Pilgrims, and I was 
 obliged to say, 'Burns, there isn't humanity, there 
 
MEMORIAL STATUE. 23 
 
 isn't justice enough here to save you; you must 
 go back.' Then I vowed anew," Mr. Phillips 
 said, " before the everlasting God, that I would 
 consecrate all the power he had given me to hasten 
 the time when an innocent man should be safe on 
 the sacred soil of the Puritans." Those are the 
 words of the man in whose honor we are dedicating 
 this statue to-day. 
 
 The worldly side of Phillips' life may be summed 
 up in the words: "He was born on Beacon street 
 and he died on Common street." 
 
 Wendell Phillips had an exceedingly tender con- 
 science. At the funeral of Theodore Parker, who 
 died in Italy and who was one year older than 
 Mr. Phillips, and his neighbor and intimate friend 
 and one of the early abolitionists, he related this 
 incident of Theodore Parker: "A little boy in 
 petticoats, in my fifth year," said Mr. Parker, "my 
 father sent me from the field home. A spotted 
 tortoise, in shallow water at the foot of a rhodora, 
 caught my sight and I lifted my stick to strike it, 
 when a voice within said: 'It is wrong.' I stood 
 with lifted stick, in wonder at the new emotion, 
 till rhodora and tortoise vanished from my sight. 
 I hastened home and asked my mother what it was 
 that told me it was wrong. Wiping a tear with 
 her apron and taking me in her arms she said : i Some 
 men call it conscience but I prefer to call it the voice 
 of God in the soul of man. If you listen to it and 
 obey it, then it will speak clearer and clearer and 
 always guide you right. But if you turn a deaf 
 
24 WENDELL PHILLIPS 
 
 ear or disobey, then it will fade out, little by little, 
 and leave you in the dark and without a guide.'" 
 Wendell Phillips also heard the voice of God in his 
 soul through all his life. 
 
 Wendell Phillips died thirty years ago and I 
 count it a great joy that I often met him and that 
 through one of his family whom I knew he gave 
 me his photograph with his own signature upon it. 
 
 One day when I was quite a young boy he came 
 into our store and I said: "Mr. Phillips, would 
 you give me your autograph?" and he said: "With 
 pleasure, young man," and he wrote: "Peace, if 
 possible, justice at any rate." And then he said: 
 "Let me add a sentiment which De Tocqueville 
 wrote to my friend Charles Sumner: 'Life is neither 
 pain nor pleasure, but serious business to be entered 
 upon with courage in the spirit of self-sacrifice. ' " 
 
 On the 21st of October, 1835, an anti-slavery 
 meeting held at 46 Washington street was broken 
 up and William Lloyd Garrison attacked by what 
 has been called the "Garrison Mob." He was 
 hustled off to the jail in a carriage and the next day 
 was dragged through Court street, with a rope 
 around his waist. Sitting at his window in his law 
 office was Wendell Phillips, and this scene stirred 
 his Puritan blood to the very finger tips. 
 
 On the 7th of November, 1837, Rev. Elijah Love- 
 joy was murdered by a mob in Alton, 111., and his 
 press destroyed and printing office burned. He had 
 said in his paper: "I have sworn eternal hostility 
 to slavery, and by the blessing of God I will never 
 
MEMORIAL STATUE. 25 
 
 go back." When news of Love joy's death reached 
 Boston, Rev. William Ellery Channing and one 
 hundred of his fellow citizens applied for permission 
 to hold a meeting of protest in Faneuil Hall. Elo- 
 quent addresses were made by Doctor Channing 
 and others. Suddenly there arose in the gallery 
 James T. Austin, the Attorney-General of the 
 Commonwealth, and with a loud and angry voice 
 declared that Lovejoy had "died as the fool dieth," 
 and compared his murderers with the men who 
 destroyed the tea in Boston Harbor. 
 
 Probably not more than a dozen persons present 
 knew the young man who stepped upon the stage 
 to reply, as he said: "Sir, when I heard the gentle- 
 man lay down principles which place the mur- 
 derers of Alton side by side with Otis and Hancock, 
 with Quincy and Adams, I thought those pictured 
 lips" (pointing to the portraits in the hall) "would 
 have broken into voice to rebuke the recreant Ameri- 
 can, the slanderer of the dead." Here he was 
 interrupted by hisses and uproar. At length he 
 said: "Sir, for the sentiments he has uttered, on 
 soil consecrated by the prayers of Puritans and the 
 blood of patriots, the earth should have yawned 
 and swallowed him up." Here the uproar became 
 furious, and the chairman, Hon. William Sturgis, 
 and George Bond, Esq., came to his side and 
 besought the audience to allow Mr. Phillips to 
 proceed, which after a while he did, saying: 
 
 "Fellow citizens, I cannot take back my words. 
 Surely the Attorney-General, so long and well 
 
26 WENDELL PHILLIPS 
 
 known here, needs not the aid of your hisses against 
 one so young as I am — my voice never before 
 heard within these walls." 
 
 In sharp contrast to this scene I have just 
 described, and fifty years after its occurrence, I 
 was one of that great company who waited in long 
 procession in Faneuil Hall to pass around the casket 
 of Wendell Phillips, which stood in almost the iden- 
 tical spot where he first publicly put himself on the 
 side of the slave and the oppressed. 
 
 William Lloyd Garrison when twenty-five years 
 old started the publication of his paper called The 
 Liberator, advocating the immediate abolition of 
 slavery, and with the sublime pledge: "I will be as 
 harsh as truth and as uncompromising as justice. 
 On this subject I do not wish to speak or write 
 with moderation. I am in earnest. I will not 
 equivocate; I will not excuse; I will not retreat a 
 single inch; and I will be heard." 
 
 On a building at the corner of Devonshire and 
 Water streets in Boston is a bronze tablet with these 
 
 words : 
 
 On this spot 
 William Lloyd Garrison 
 Began the publishing of 
 "The Liberator" 
 Jan. 1, 1831. 
 In a small chamber, 
 Friendless and unseen, 
 Toiled o'er his types 
 One poor, unlearned young man; 
 The place was dark, 
 unfurnished and mean, 
 Yet there the freedom of 
 a race began. 
 
MEMORIAL STATUE. 27 
 
 I suppose we can hardly imagine the horrors of 
 slavery in our country for the fifty years preceding 
 the war. Let me read you a few lines from " Uncle 
 Tom's Cabin" about "The Slave Warehouse," 
 where slaves were sold at auction: 
 
 The Slave Warehouse. 
 
 "Then you shall be courteously entreated to call 
 and examine, and shall find an abundance of hus- 
 bands, wives, brothers, sisters, fathers, mothers, 
 and young children, to be 'sold separately, or in 
 lots to suit the convenience of the purchaser'; and 
 that soul immortal, once bought with blood and 
 anguish by the Son of God, when the earth shook 
 and the rocks rent, and the graves were opened, 
 can be sold, leased, mortgaged, exchanged for 
 groceries or dry goods, to suit the phases of trade, 
 or the fancy of the purchaser." 
 
 There is a tablet placed by the city on the site 
 of the Phillips homestead on Essex street : 
 
 Here 
 
 Wendell Phillips 
 
 resided during forty 
 
 years, devoted by him 
 
 to efforts to secure the 
 
 abolition of African 
 slavery in this Country. 
 
 The charms of home, 
 
 the enjoyment of wealth 
 
 and learning, even 
 
 the kindly recognition 
 
 of his fellow citizens, 
 
 were by him accounted as 
 
 naught compared with duty. 
 
28 WENDELL PHILLIPS 
 
 He lived to see justice 
 
 triumphant, freedom 
 
 universal, and to 
 
 receive the 
 
 tardy praises of his opponents. 
 
 The blessings of the poor, 
 
 the friendless, and the 
 oppressed, enriched him. 
 
 In Boston 
 
 he was born 29th November, 1811, 
 
 and died 2nd February, 1884. 
 
 This tablet was erected in 1894 
 
 by order of the 
 
 City Council of Boston. 
 
 Let me quote a few words from Joseph Cook's 
 estimate of Wendell Phillips, given in Tremont 
 Temple on the Monday after Phillips died: "Whom 
 God crowns, let no man try to discrown. There 
 lies dead on his shield in yonder street an unsullied 
 soldier of unpopular reform, a spotlessly disinter- 
 ested champion of the oppressed, the foremost 
 orator of the English-speaking world in recent years, 
 the largest and latest, let us hope not the last, of 
 the Puritans, a servant of the most high God, a 
 man on the altar of whose heart the coals of fire 
 were kindled by a breath from the divine justice 
 and tenderness." 
 
 "He joined the Anti-Slavery Society in 1836; 
 but his real membership in the anti-slavery ranks 
 began from a time in which he saw Garrison mobbed 
 in 1835. He became a supporter of the Union in 
 his fiftieth year, 1861, and in that very year was 
 
MEMORIAL STATUE. 29 
 
 himself mobbed in this city. He was twenty-six 
 years old when he delivered his famous address at 
 Faneuil Hall on the murder of Lovejoy. He was 
 seventy-three years old at his death. It may be 
 said that from 1837 to his last hour he was a pillar 
 of fire, through which God looked in the morning 
 watch of better ages to come, and troubled the host 
 of his enemies, and took off their chariot wheels. 
 
 "This man almost never unveiled to mortal gaze 
 the holy of holies of his spirit in which he dwelt 
 alone with God. Through all his life he was a 
 Calvinist. He said at Theodore Parker's funeral: 
 1 Mine is not Parker's faith. Mine is the old 
 faith of New England. On these subjects he and 
 I rarely speak.' 
 
 "I heard the authoress of the 'Battle Hymn of 
 the Republic' say to a hushed assembly: 'Wendell 
 Phillips was orthodox of the orthodox. He would 
 not worship with the churches of Boston; but in 
 the darkest days of the struggle with slavery he 
 and some of those who were most nearly of his own 
 heart were accustomed to meet on the Sabbath in 
 private homes to observe the holy service of the 
 Lord's supper. The faith of this servant of human- 
 ity was not a creed merely, but a life." 
 
 I quote from one of Phillips' speeches: "When 
 I stood upon the pearly shores of Genoa and gazed 
 upon that magnificent ship of the line, 'The Ohio,' 
 her graceful masts tapering towards the sky, the 
 translucent waters reflecting her majestic form, 
 I thanked God I was an American citizen, but when 
 
30 WENDELL PHILLIPS 
 
 I thought that from underneath those decks there 
 should boom forth a salute to uphold American 
 slavery, I hung my head in shame for my country." 
 
 Let me entreat the young people here to-day, by 
 the memory of all Phillips and Garrison and all who 
 were with them suffered, by the sight of the flags in 
 Doric Hall of our State House stained with the life- 
 blood of those who carried them, both white and 
 black, by the beautiful bronze "Shaw Memorial" 
 with its inspiring words, to appreciate this land of 
 ours and to love their country next to their God. 
 
 No doubt Wendell Phillips, in his hours of strife, 
 when his early friends seemed to have forsaken him 
 and when the battle raged the fiercest, had an abid- 
 ing faith that God would eventually wipe out from 
 this country the curse of slavery and that right 
 should prevail. Faber's words apply to him : 
 
 "Oh, it is hard to work for God, 
 To rise and take his part 
 Upon this battlefield of earth, 
 And not sometimes lose heart! 
 
 "Thrice blest is he to whom is given 
 The instinct that can tell 
 That God is on the field when he 
 Is most invisible." 
 
 Acting Mayor Coleman said the program read 
 " Franklin Benjamin Sanborn," but the state knows 
 the next speaker as plain Frank Sanborn, the sage 
 of Concord. 
 
 When he was introduced he received an ovation 
 and was given three rousing cheers. 
 
MEMORIAL STATUE. 31 
 
 REMARKS 
 
 By Frank B. Sanborn 
 
 Mr. Mayor, Ladies and Gentlemen: 
 
 In addressing this vast assembly one would need 
 the far-reaching voice of Phillips, or that more 
 wonderful utterance of his hero, Daniel O'Connell, 
 in whose praise I heard him recite those lines of an 
 unfriendly English poet, Bulwer, in his "New 
 Timon," commencing: 
 
 "Once to my sight that giant form was given, 
 Walled with wide air, roofed by the boundless heaven"; 
 
 and to those thousands on thousands, a countless 
 multitude, O'Connell's voice glided, easy as a bird 
 might glide. To me that effort would be hopeless; 
 I must address the half that may hear me. 
 
 Addressing in Faneuil Hall, where in 1834 Phillips' 
 magic voice had not yet been heard, John Quincy 
 Adams, that "old man eloquent/' eulogizing Lafa- 
 yette, recently dead in France, said: "We were not 
 needful to his glory; he was needful to ours." 
 So Boston may say to-day of Wendell Phillips. 
 She had many eloquent sons, but he was needed to 
 give Boston the glory of eloquence above all the 
 Americans of his time. But that was not our chief 
 reason for unveiling his statue to-day. Years 
 before, and while Phillips was a Boston schoolboy, 
 
32 WENDELL PHILLIPS 
 
 Mr. Adams, then in Monroe's cabinet along with 
 Calhoun, and fresh from a cheerless conversation 
 with that champion of negro slavery, wrote in his 
 secret diary: "Slavery is the great and foul stain 
 upon our Union; and it is a contemplation worthy 
 of the most exalted soul, whether its total abolition 
 is practicable, and what means would accomplish 
 it at the smallest cost of human suffering. This 
 object is vast in its compass, awful in its prospects, 
 sublime and beautiful in its issue. A life devoted 
 to it would be nobly spent or sacrificed." 
 
 Such was the life we honor to-day, and we rejoice 
 that it was not sacrificed, as so many others were, 
 before the great purpose was achieved. 
 
 For the career that he deliberately chose, putting 
 aside all thought of wealth or fame, Phillips had 
 many qualifications. First of all, intrepid courage; 
 not merely the moral courage which every reformer 
 needs, but that invincible physical courage which 
 distinguishes heroes. It was said of General Wash- 
 ington by Jefferson that he "met personal danger 
 with the calmest unconcern." So did Phillips. I 
 knew him intimately in the period of mobs in Bos- 
 ton, and I was once or twice mobbed with him 
 He never quailed or was discomposed by the loudest 
 mob. He did not think them dangerous, but had 
 they been so he would not have feared them; he was 
 insensible to fear — literally so. Fear is a common 
 and often a useful human quality, but it was lacking 
 in Phillips. The other needful qualities, intellectual 
 and moral, he had — tact in dealing with men. 
 
MEMORIAL STATUE. 33 
 
 courtesy to all, a clear head, a good memory, fidelity 
 in friendship, composure of mind and boundless good 
 nature. He could perform that very difficult feat 
 for a Boston patrician — he could change his mind. 
 He disliked to do it, but he did it on more than one 
 occasion; most notably when, in the spring of 1861, 
 he passed from the disunion side to the endangered 
 but finally triumphant side of the Union, and gave 
 his great speech in the Music Hall under the Stars 
 and Stripes. 
 
 My time is brief, and I shall call to my aid, in 
 portraying concisely the period of his life assigned to 
 me, the testimony of an older friend, who had wit- 
 nessed his whole public mission, and who outlived 
 him. 
 
 A few years before the death of Wendell Phillips, 
 by a painful disease, his elder associate in the anti- 
 slavery cause, Bronson Alcott, who had in 1829 
 come up from Connecticut to Boston to teach that 
 confident city the best way to educate children, 
 and had given her grown-up population serious and 
 sincere lessons in liberty and toleration, — Bronson 
 Alcott, in the vale of years (it was his eighty-third 
 year), surveying the whole career of Phillips, gave 
 this outline of it in a comprehensive short poem: 
 
 Wendell Phillips at Three-score and Ten. 
 People's Attorney, servant of the Right, 
 Pleader for all shades of the solar ray, — 
 Complexions dusky, yellow, red or white, — 
 Who, in thy country's and thy time's despite, 
 Hast only questioned, "What will Duty say?" 
 And followed swiftly in her narrow way! 
 
34 WENDELL PHILLIPS 
 
 Tipped is thy tongue with golden eloquence; 
 All-honeyed accents fall from off thy lips, — 
 Each eager listener his full measure sips, 
 Yet runs to waste the sparkling opulence. 
 
 The scorn of bigots and the worldling's flout, 
 If Time long held thy merit in suspense, 
 Hastening repentant now, with pen devout, 
 Impartial History dare not leave thee out. 
 
 We are assembled here to-day to bear testimony 
 that history has found, and has summoned sculpture 
 to record, in noble lineaments, what this Attorney 
 of the Right was in his outward aspect, as he trod 
 these his native streets, and did much to make 
 them "too free to endure the footsteps of a slave" 
 or a slave trader. 
 
 He did not live to see the full restoration of the 
 freedman to those rights of education and of suffrage 
 that he should have had; but within the past few 
 weeks, while this monument stood here veiled, 
 awaiting its dedication, that Supreme Court which 
 in our early time was the frowning bastion of oppres- 
 sion, fortified with all the technicalities and the 
 rigmarole of musty law, to protect the chain and the 
 whip of the slave driver, has at last uttered the words 
 of truth and soberness which secure to the negro 
 all the voting rights of the white man and the 
 red man in this Republic, the peacemaker of the 
 world. 
 
 Phillips would have rejoiced in this slow and 
 grudging decree, rendered unanimously from the high 
 seat of justice, and by those well-gowned men who, 
 some of them, in the follies of their youth, defended 
 
MEMORIAL STATUE. 35 
 
 negro slavery, some by arms, others by the sophistries 
 of legal interpretation. As Phillips himself used to 
 say, the hour has come 
 
 "When nations slowly wise and meanly just 
 To buried merit raise the tardy bust"; 
 
 and when Justice, long held back by selfishness and 
 arrogance, at last holds out her impartial shield over 
 that race, at once the most loyal and forgiving and 
 the most injured of mankind. 
 
 Acting Mayor Coleman, in introducing William 
 Monroe Trotter, said that nothing was so appro- 
 priate as for the colored race to have a spokesman 
 in dedicating a monument to Wendell Phillips, and 
 that there could be no more fit representative than 
 William Monroe Trotter, whom every Bostonian 
 who is half alive knows. 
 
36 WENDELL PHILLIPS 
 
 ADDRESS 
 
 By William Monroe Trotter 
 
 Wendell Phillips was the originator of the policy 
 of reconstruction of the United States of America 
 adopted, after the war of the Slave-holders' Rebel- 
 lion, on the basis of freedom. He was the pioneer 
 advocate of the ballot for the Afro-American. No 
 son rendered this Republic greater service or thereby 
 did more for its permanence. No human being 
 ever did more for the colored Americans. Of the 
 great abolition movement Lundy was the pioneer, 
 Garrison the editor and organizer, Phillips the 
 orator, Mrs. Stowe the author, Whittier the poet, 
 Sumner the political statesman, and John Brown 
 the captain and martyr. Of these none made 
 as great personal sacrifice as Phillips, save John 
 Brown; none had such prophetic statesmanship, 
 save Sumner. 
 
 Declaring human slavery to be the sum of all 
 villainies, hating it with a holy wrath, the worst 
 feature of it in his eyes being the return of the freed- 
 man to bondage, possessing unequaled ability to 
 voice his wrath, Phillips was a most powerful force 
 in creating by organized agitation public sentiment 
 for the abolition of slavery. When, at very thought 
 of the election of the non-abolitionist, Abraham 
 
MEMORIAL STATUE. 37 
 
 Lincoln, the slave-holding states rushed into seces- 
 sion and made war upon the Union and Massa- 
 chusetts rose in patriotic eagerness to enlist, 
 Wendell Phillips was the first of the moral abolition- 
 ists to welcome war for the eradication of slavery. 
 Early in 1861 he declared that the only mistake the 
 abolitionists had made was in thinking that the 
 nation was enough civilized for slavery to be abol- 
 ished by public discussion and appeal to conscience. 
 The North, he said, was civilized, but the South 
 was barbarous and therefore slavery must be abol- 
 ished by the arbitrament of arms. 
 
 From the first, Phillips announced that this war 
 of the Slave-holders' Rebellion would result in 
 freedom. He was the first to publicly demand that 
 emancipation be announced as the object of the 
 war. This he said would arouse holy enthusiasm in 
 the North. Before the year 1861 had ended he 
 called for the enlistment of black men as soldiers of 
 the Union and for congressional action abolishing 
 slavery. His cry was "Freedom to every man 
 beneath the stars and death to every institution 
 that threatens the future of the Republic." 
 
 Wendell Phillips was potent in creating a public 
 sentiment which insisted upon Lincoln's procla- 
 mation of emancipation. Of this immortal docu- 
 ment he said: "To three millions of slaves this 
 proclamation is sunlight, scattering the despair of 
 centuries, and the blessings of the poor bear it up to 
 the throne of God." Then at once he set in to make 
 this emancipation secure. He feared an adverse 
 
38 WENDELL PHILLIPS 
 
 decision by the Supreme Court, that bulwark of 
 slavery. He wanted not only that slaves be 
 declared free, but that slavery as an institution 
 be abolished. It was yet 1863 when he demanded 
 of Congress a constitutional amendment abolishing 
 slavery, providing that "no state shall make any 
 distinction among its citizens on account of race 
 or colour." Thus Wendell Phillips started the move- 
 ment for the Thirteenth Amendment, which was 
 passed by Congress and ratified by states in 1865. 
 
 This was the beginning of Phillips' work for the 
 reconstruction into the United States of those 
 states which had attempted secession in order to 
 perpetuate the system of human slavery. For this 
 work are the Afro-Americans most indebted to 
 Wendell Phillips. Of the work for the abolition of 
 African slavery in these United States by agitation 
 and organization, William Lloyd Garrison was the 
 pioneer and leader, with Phillips as his lieutenant 
 and partner. Of the work of securing freedom and 
 gaining citizenship and suffrage for the colored 
 American, Wendell Phillips was the pioneer and 
 leader, with young Frank Sanborn as his lieutenant 
 and Sumner and Thaddeus Stevens as his political 
 partners. 
 
 It was when emancipation had come that Phillips 
 showed his true greatness, for at the time when it 
 could be said that the band of abolitionists had 
 triumphed Phillips refused to take the easy and 
 pleasurable position of him who has won his fight 
 and receivedjthe plaudits of the people. The great 
 
MEMORIAL STATUE. 39 
 
 Garrison and his followers, even before the Thirteenth 
 Amendment was enacted, had said that their cause 
 had triumphed, hence the anti-slavery organizations 
 should be disbanded and their newspaper organs 
 discontinued. Phillips said the fight was not over, 
 freedom had yet to be made complete and secure; 
 not until the freed slave had been made an equal 
 citizen with protection was the triumph of the 
 abolitionists complete. Phillips prevailed, Garrison 
 resigned and wrote The Liberator's valedictory. 
 Phillips was elected president of the American Anti- 
 Slavery Society and manager of the Anti-Slavery 
 Standard. 
 
 Quick and positive was the vindication of Phillips' 
 statesmanship. From 1864 he had been advocating 
 the simple justice of education, land and the ballot 
 for the freedmen. Phillips' reconstruction policy 
 held that human freedom was above all else, and 
 only by entirely uprooting slavery could there be 
 any permanence for the reunited Republic. The 
 only other reconstruction was that adopted by 
 President Andrew Johnson, restoring the government 
 to the unchanged whites, the former masters, who 
 promptly remanded all the blacks to involuntary 
 servitude and peonage by the nefarious " black laws," 
 while the severed ears, hands and feet of ex-slaves 
 strewed the highways of the rural South. 
 
 Phillips believed with us that there can be no 
 freedom without equality and no equality without 
 the ballot. So he fought on with organization and 
 agitation, creating a public sentiment that enabled 
 
40 WENDELL PHILLIPS 
 
 the noble, far-sighted Stevens and the great Sumner 
 to bring about the enactment of the Fourteenth 
 Amendment, establishing full citizenship for the 
 colored American with equality before the law, and 
 then the Fifteenth Amendment, establishing impar- 
 tiality of suffrage for black and white alike. 
 
 This was the afternoon of the career of Wendell 
 Phillips. He redeemed the United States of America 
 from its great sin of human slavery. He was first to 
 advocate that emancipation be the declared purpose 
 of the war, first to urge that Congress emancipate, 
 among the first to call for emancipation as a war 
 measure, first to urge the enlistment of colored 
 soldiers, which our own Governor Andrew, from 
 yonder State House, was the first Governor to carry 
 out. Phillips led the way to the Thirteenth Amend- 
 ment. He led the way to the Fourteenth, then to the 
 Fifteenth Amendment as the greatest private citizen 
 of the nation. He was the pioneer in advocacy of 
 suffrage for colored Americans. He saw to it that 
 slavery should be torn up by the roots and that as 
 far as concerns federal law every man, white and 
 black, should have citizenship and suffrage. That is 
 why we Americans of color to-day do honor to 
 Wendell Phillips, and we owe our ability to stand 
 here to-day, in possession of suffrage, to him. 
 
 Long has Boston deferred this honor to her illus- 
 trious son. It is thirty-one years since his death, 
 and meantime statues have arisen to others, to his 
 companions, Garrison and Sumner, to his antago- 
 
MEMORIAL STATUE. 41 
 
 nist, Daniel Webster, yet none to him. Sad the 
 neglect, yet how meet, yes, providential, that it has 
 ended this day and year. For this is the semi- 
 centennial anniversary of the victory of the army of 
 the Union over the armies of slavery; it is the fiftieth 
 anniversary year of the enactment and ratification 
 of the constitutional amendment which destroyed 
 the system of slavery. It is the fiftieth Independ- 
 ence Day since emancipation, celebrating that 
 immortal document which declared that "all men 
 are born free and equal," that they are "endowed 
 with certain inalienable rights among which are 
 life and liberty," that "governments derive their 
 just powers from the consent of the governed." To 
 this Declaration of Independence Phillips was loyal 
 when he refused loyalty to the Constitution which 
 recognized human slavery. 
 
 That is not all. His statue is dedicated almost at 
 the very time when the Supreme Court which Phil- 
 lips doubted has affirmed and vindicated that Fif- 
 teenth Amendment which was the crowning work 
 of his great career, thus vindicating Wendell 
 Phillips. 
 
 Thank God for this day. Let us colored Ameri- 
 cans here humbly resolve, standing at this our newest 
 shrine, that so far as in us lies, using his methods of 
 agitation, organization and courage, with the utmost 
 of our power, we shall see to it that this work of 
 Wendell Phillips for freedom, for equality, for the 
 ballot, shall not be destroyed, shall not be defeated, 
 
42 WENDELL PHILLIPS 
 
 shall not be circumvented, so long as we shall live 
 and our children and our children's children. 
 
 The last of the four addresses was by Michael J. 
 Jordan, Esq., introduced by Acting Mayor Coleman 
 as an able Boston attorney, prominent in the work 
 for home rule for Ireland and as president of the 
 Boston Central Branch of the United Irish League. 
 
MEMORIAL STATUE. 43 
 
 ADDRESS 
 
 By Michael J. Jordan 
 
 On the 30th of March, 1870, President Grant 
 proclaimed the Fifteenth Amendment to the Con- 
 stitution of the United States. This amendment 
 removed the last barrier to the freedom of the 
 colored race. One of the greatest reforms had been 
 perfected; the program of abolition was accom- 
 plished. The actors in that great reform saw their 
 work done. They might well claim that they had 
 done their full duty, but Phillips modestly esti- 
 mated the result of his own work in this great charter 
 of freedom by saying that it had taught him faith in 
 human nature. 
 
 And the great mind of Phillips realized that a 
 principle only had been established, and his great 
 heart felt that he had reached merely a new stepping- 
 stone on the road of human progress. After thirty 
 years of toil and difficulties which would have dis- 
 heartened most men, Phillips announced his new 
 program in the following words: " Welcome new 
 duties. We sheathe no sword; we only turn the 
 front of the army upon a new foe." 
 
 With such a belief in the hopes and destinies of 
 mankind, with such a record of past achievement 
 and with such a new program, Phillips immediately 
 
44 WENDELL PHILLIPS 
 
 turned himself to the next great crying questions of 
 the day. He had been blessed in many ways in 
 his career. He joined a robust body to a brilliant 
 mind. He had the satisfaction of a home life unsur- 
 passed in its beauty, devotion and pathos. It was 
 his own surroundings that influenced his next public 
 step. 
 
 He early appeared before the committee of the 
 Legislature demanding the right of the ballot for 
 women. It was impossible for Phillips to see merely 
 half of the truth. He realized that freedom under 
 proper bounds was the great panacea for the evils 
 which beset all governments. And if freedom was 
 necessary, half of it could not be sufficient. He 
 therefore demanded it in its entirety, and insisted 
 that the right of voting should be given to women. 
 
 However people may disagree about the need of 
 this reform, it must be a striking lesson to all stu- 
 dents of political history that such a keen mind as 
 that of Wendell Phillips gave his fiat not only to the 
 right but to the need of women exercising the ballot. 
 It was not only that he thought women in the 
 higher spheres of social and economic life might 
 benefit the world when they obtained the right to 
 speak their mind through the ballot, but what 
 attracted him and determined his action most 
 strongly was the condition of the women crowded in 
 the great industrial centers of New England. 
 
 Labor should be free. To make labor free one- 
 half the laborers now without the franchise should 
 be given the right to vote. He claimed that the dis- 
 
MEMORIAL STATUE. 45 
 
 franchisee! half were women. He therefore joined in 
 his mind the labor movement, the franchise move- 
 ment and the temperance movement. They were 
 the great trinity of principles which he now inscribed 
 upon his flag. It was a habit in those days among 
 his enemies to refer to Phillips as a dreamer, but 
 whoever studies his speeches on the labor movement 
 will soon see that he was one of the first of the 
 modern reformers who really understood the needs 
 of the working classes. He was certainly one of the 
 first who outlined a practical program for the 
 advancement of the workingman. He was one of 
 the first who saw the dangers of large corporations 
 and who suggested remedies. 
 
 It was a curious coincidence that Phillips in 
 America and an Irish economist, Professor Kearns, 
 were the first two public men in modern times to 
 write not only intelligently but sympathetically on 
 the questions of trade unions. The world a few 
 years ago was startled by the claims which Lloyd- 
 George advanced upon the wealth of the British 
 empire. Wendell Phillips forty years ago outlined 
 a similar plan. He challenged the opponents of the 
 labor movement by saying: "We will crumble up 
 wealth by making it unprofitable to the rich." "Is 
 it just or is it safe," he said, "that man should be 
 less valuable than money?" For the purpose of 
 insuring the laborers of America constant employ- 
 ment and for building up the infant industries of 
 the country Phillips proclaimed himself a protec- 
 tionist. It seems at first sight difficult to understand 
 
46 WENDELL PHILLIPS 
 
 the opponent of monopoly as a protectionist. But 
 Phillips saw that neither peace nor freedom could 
 exist in the country if there was not permanent 
 employment for the masses. And permanent em- 
 ployment for the masses in his time at least could 
 only be secured by the large development of indus- 
 tries. His answer to the free traders he gave in 
 some such form as this: "Free trade is a splendid 
 principle. Any boy can understand when a principle 
 is right. But it takes three-score years and ten to 
 determine when that principle can be tried, when 
 it should be modified, when it should be dropped. 
 Until the Sermon on the Mount becomes not merely 
 a beautiful hymn but the practical guide of business 
 men in life," he said, "free trade was impossible." 
 O'Reilly justly estimated the great debt of gratitude 
 which the working people owed Phillips, as well as 
 the great accomplishment of Phillips' life in advo- 
 cating the rights of labor, when he said: 
 
 "And the greatest of all are the unknown wreaths on his coffin 
 lid laid down 
 By the toil-stained hands of workmen, their sob, their kiss, 
 his crown." 
 
 No call came to him from any cause that was 
 just that he did not receive with sympathy. To 
 the struggle of the Cretans, trying then to throw 
 off the yoke of the Turks, he sent a message burning 
 with the love of freedom. To consolidated Italy 
 he sent a message glorifying the new country which 
 had been built up upon the cradle of Christianity. 
 
MEMORIAL STATUE. 47 
 
 He recognized the claims of Italy, the mother of 
 the intellectual awakening of Europe, and hailed 
 her as "my country." When Ireland called, 
 Phillips answered with all the chivalry of the 
 unstained champion of freedom. The service 
 Phillips rendered the Irish race in Ireland and 
 America by his splendid espousal of Ireland's cause 
 can scarcely be overestimated. 
 
 Forty-five years are merely a speck in the develop- 
 ment of the country. In the era of thought forty- 
 five years sometimes mark a long step. Forty-five 
 years ago the real facts concerning Ireland were as 
 little known as are to-day the condition of the troops 
 that are fighting on the peninsula of Gallipoli. 
 England always censored Irishmen. The public 
 knew nothing of Ireland's struggle, and sympathized 
 little with Ireland's claims. Although the streets of 
 Boston, almost from its earliest days, had re-echoed 
 to the weary tread of the Irish emigrant, forty-five 
 years ago Boston knew nothing of the antecedent 
 or actual conditions which sent the emigrants in 
 thousands to our shores. It was then with 
 unbounded assurance that James Anthony Froude 
 reached Boston in the early '70's. How little now 
 we seem to be able to understand that a professor 
 of the University of Oxford should travel across 
 the ocean with the sole purpose of blackening the 
 character of one of the greatest races in Europe. 
 And yet that was Froude's avowed purpose. He 
 hoped to have a sympathetic audience in Boston, 
 but one man made it impossible for him, and that 
 
48 WENDELL PHILLIPS 
 
 man was the immortal Phillips. There is not in 
 the whole range of human history a more inspiring 
 spectacle than this great man, the descendant of 
 the Puritans, a stanch Protestant in his beliefs, 
 assuming the championship of a race that was 
 despised for its faith as well as for its courage. 
 Phillips answered Froude and drove him from 
 Boston. 
 
 Froude stated in his address: "We have tried 
 to form a government for thirty years; our alter- 
 native now is extermination." The thought of 
 exterminating a race that had produced countless 
 saints and martyrs, that had given to the modern 
 world the greatest champions of human liberty 
 in the person of Burke and O'Connell, revolted 
 the nature and fired the soul of Phillips. His 
 prompt reply to the traducer of a people will forever 
 preserve immortal the name and memory of Phillips 
 in the archives of Irish history. By his answer to 
 Froude he merits the gratitude of liberty-loving 
 people all over the world. 
 
 Phillips' acquaintance with Ireland was not a 
 new one. He had early learned the genius of the 
 race in the difficult work of sculpture; for Martin 
 Milmore, a native of the County of Sligo, Ireland, 
 had made the only bust of Phillips. Phillips had 
 visited Ireland. He sat under O'Connell. He was 
 afterwards destined to know O'Reilly as a friend, 
 and to appreciate Parnell as one of the greatest 
 leaders of his day. No one ever better understood 
 them, or more ably taught to the world not only 
 
MEMORIAL STATUE. 49 
 
 the great genius of O'Connell but the gratitude 
 which the world owes to O'Connell for his great 
 efforts on behalf of mankind. 
 
 If any other sympathizer with the destinies of 
 Ireland had delivered the eulogy which Phillips 
 made on O'Connell his enthusiasm might have 
 provoked some criticism. Phillips was not a man, 
 however, to allow his reason to be influenced by 
 emotions only. His analysis of O'Connell's life 
 and labors is a logical, philosophical treatise on the 
 power of agitation, and on the genius of its great 
 creator, O'Connell. What do we Americans owe 
 to O'Connell? I shall ask Phillips himself to tell 
 us. He tells us that O'Connell anticipated the 
 wisdom of Lincoln in proclaiming the government 
 of the people. He tells us that he forged the great 
 weapon of agitation which the English abolitionists 
 adopted and which Garrison himself carried to these 
 shores. He taught the tyrants on the throne that 
 they could not withstand the marshaled conscience 
 of the people. He grafted democracy upon the 
 British empire. It took O'Connell thirty years, 
 he says, of patient and sagacious labor to mold 
 the elements whose existence no man, however 
 wise, discerned before. 
 
 It was not merely the philosophy of O'Connell's 
 methods which Phillips admired, but he saw the 
 greatness of O'Connell's diplomacy. Phillips knew 
 that Ireland as a small entity could neither attract 
 nor hold the attention of the world. He therefore 
 saw the wisdom of O'Connell's movement in asso- 
 
50 WENDELL PHILLIPS 
 
 dating Ireland with the great reform movements 
 in England, with anti-slavery, with the corn laws 
 and the ballot laws. "If I were an Irishman," 
 says Phillips, "I would cleave to the empire." 
 The policy which John E. Redmond, the leader of 
 the Irish parliamentary party, is to-day advocating 
 is that which O'Connell inaugurated and which 
 Phillips approved. No man has ever paid higher 
 tribute to the integrity of O'Connell than has Wen- 
 dell Phillips. He loved to quote the scenes that 
 took place in the House of Commons when O'Con- 
 nell, all alone defying the Parliament that conquered 
 Napoleon, was addressed by some advocates of 
 slavery. They promised him twenty-eight votes on 
 every measure . pertaining to Ireland if he would 
 not speak against slavery. O'Connell answered: 
 "May my hand forget its cunning, and my tongue 
 cleave to the roof of my mouth, if to save Ireland, 
 even Ireland, I forget the negro one single hour." 
 Wendell Phillips himself has said that no genius 
 can make marble more speaking than the life of a 
 great man and the scenes of his labors. Why, 
 then, do we commemorate Phillips' life by the 
 erection to him of this magnificent monument? 
 It is because the City of Boston wishes that this 
 marble should speak to the generations yet to come 
 of a life of unsullied devotion to the welfare of the 
 human race. The Boston that stood by his cradle, 
 which nursed and mothered him and wept over 
 his bier, has erected this monument to speak not 
 only to the student and to the statesman but to 
 
MEMORIAL STATUE. 51 
 
 the throbbing masses of our population. She wishes 
 this marble to bespeak forever the life of the noblest 
 purpose given so unselfishly to the good of his 
 fellow man. 
 
 Let people of the colored race take their chil- 
 dren to this monument as to a shrine, and teach 
 them that while truth and justice may slumber 
 they can never die. The people of Irish birth and 
 blood, as they pass this monument, will pour out 
 their hearts in thankfulness to the Creator that 
 He gave to their new home such a historian of their 
 race and such a defender of their cause. 
 
 Every good man who looks upon this monument 
 will learn from it the duty of perseverance, even 
 against overwhelming odds, when fighting the cause 
 of humanity and justice. 
 
 The descendant of the same New England blood 
 which ran in Phillips' veins will ever feel proud of 
 the institutions which have given to America 
 such a spotless champion of truth and liberty. And 
 may the coming generations imbibe from this monu- 
 ment the lesson of the great reformer's life: 
 
 "The right to be free, the hope to be just, 
 And the guard against selfish greed." 
 
52 WENDELL PHILLIPS 
 
 WENDELL PHILLIPS 
 
 By William Lloyd Garrison, Jr. 
 
 Out from the Ages' bloody scroll 
 The names of kings and soldiers roll, 
 Leaving a scanty page to tell 
 What fate the myriads befell. 
 
 The generations all relate 
 A struggle blurred by strife and hate, 
 Of mankind's tortuous ascent 
 Towards Liberty's enfranchisement. 
 
 Primeval man of savage lust, 
 
 Who knew no God of Love to trust, 
 
 Has now become a citizen 
 
 Who shares his rights with other men. 
 
 The bridge that spans this far advance 
 Is no mere edifice of chance, 
 But, stone by stone, and dream by dream, 
 It rose as mankind grew supreme. 
 
 Aspiring towards the stars, it stands 
 A monument to minds and hands 
 That in each age have sought to free 
 The world from sin and slavery. 
 
 The new world that Columbus found 
 Is Freedom's richest seeding ground; 
 Its champions have ever stood 
 As prophets of man's brotherhood. 
 
 To-day, a champion we greet, 
 Whose purpose never knew defeat; 
 Whose reasoned words in purest flow 
 Could flash with lightning's vivid glow. 
 
MEMORIAL STATUE. 53 
 
 An orator in Nature's scheme, 
 With Human Rights his lofty theme, 
 He cast his lot with those who gave 
 Their lives to liberate the Slave. 
 
 Proscribed and hated, scorned and jeered, 
 Erect he stood, nor ever feared 
 The angry outbursts of the mob ; 
 He only heard the negro's sob. 
 
 He lived to see his dreams come true ; 
 Scorn into adulation grew ; 
 Yet trumpet-like came his appeal 
 When he might serve the public weal. 
 
 Welcome, great soul, to thy loved streets 
 Where Boston's civic heart still beats 
 In deep response and sympathy; 
 Herself she honors, hon'ring thee. 
 
54 WENDELL PHILLIPS 
 
 HISTORY OF WENDELL PHILLIPS STATUE 
 
 November 28, 1911.— Mayor John F. Fitzgerald 
 sent a letter to the City Council, suggesting some 
 " permanent memorial" to Wendell Phillips, as sug- 
 gestion of Councilor E. E. Smith. 
 
 November 29, 1911. — In Faneuil Hall, at closing 
 session of Phillips Centenary celebration by the 
 National Independent Political (now Equal Rights) 
 League and New England Suffrage League, Mayor 
 Fitzgerald asks citizens to form a committee to pro- 
 mote a Phillips Memorial. Motion made by W. M. 
 Trotter, secretary, for city and state to erect a statue 
 and for chairman, M. J. Jordan, to appoint com- 
 mittee. Committee of three appointed, M. J. Jordan, 
 E. T. Morris, W. M. Trotter, to organize a memo- 
 rial committee to cooperate with Mayor. 
 
 November 30, 1911. — William D. Brigham added 
 to the committee and Brigham, Trotter and Jordan 
 begin campaign, letter writing and seeing members 
 of City Council, etc. 
 
 December 9, 1911. — William D. Brigham has 
 letter in Boston Herald December 12, 1911. 
 Boston Art Commission tell Mayor they plan a 
 statuary mall along Charles street on Public Garden 
 as suitable place for proposed Phillips statue. 
 
 January 9, 1912. — By invitation of the Mayor 
 five of memorial committee, Hon. A. E. Pillsbury, 
 
SCULPTOR'S MODEL AS ACCEPTED BY THE BOSTON ART COMMISSION, AND FROM 
 WHICH THE BRONZE STATUE WAS CAST. 
 
MEMORIAL STATUE. 55 
 
 Mr. F. J. Garrison, M. J. Jordan, Esq., Mr. William 
 D. Brigham and Mr. William Monroe Trotter, 
 appear before Art Commission and argue for full 
 length statue. 
 
 March 27, 1912. — Memorial Committee met in 
 Aldermanic Chamber with Mayor Fitzgerald and 
 Art Commission and ask for heroic size, outdoor 
 statue. Mayor agrees to ask City Council to appro- 
 priate $20,000 for statue. Committee on permanent 
 organization of Wendell Phillips Memorial Associa- 
 tion appointed: William D. Brigham, chairman; 
 W. M. Trotter, secretary; Dr. A. M. Abbott, J. E. 
 Savage, M. J. Jordan. From this came the Wendell 
 Phillips Memorial Association. 
 
 April 14, 1912. — Mayor authorized Art Commis- 
 sion to give prizes for a design for statue. 
 
 June 24, 1912. — City Council vote on appropria- 
 tion of $20,000 from tax levy for WendeU Phillips 
 statue. Messrs. Brigham, Jordan and Trotter tele- 
 graph thanks to Mayor, who was in Baltimore, Md. 
 
56 WENDELL PHILLIPS 
 
 DEDICATION OF WENDELL PHILLIPS STATUE 
 
 From "The Guardian" 
 
 A few minutes before six o'clock Monday after- 
 noon, July 5, 1915, the veil fell from the $20,000 
 bronze statue of Wendell Phillips in the Public 
 Garden, and a crowd of from 5,000 to 6,000 
 acclaimed with cheers and patriotic song Daniel 
 Chester French's almost speaking memorial of 
 Boston's famous orator and abolitionist. 
 
 As the sun was sinking behind rain clouds in the 
 west, Master John C. Phillips, Jr., six years old, the 
 great grandnephew of Wendell Phillips, the man who 
 declared that if he lived long enough he would make 
 Boston streets too pure to bear the footsteps of a 
 slave, supported by his father, Dr. John C. Phillips of 
 Wenham, Mass., pulled the cord releasing the mantle 
 which for several weeks has veiled the statue of 
 Phillips on the Public Garden, and the noble bronze 
 stood revealed, gazing over the throng of citizens 
 assembled for its dedication. 
 
 As the folds fell away from the figure of the 
 great abolitionist, "Glory, Glory, Hallelujah!" burst 
 from a chorus of colored women gathered from 
 Boston churches, and then the first song gave way 
 to " America." 
 
 Thirty-one years after his death, fifty years after 
 
MEMORIAL STATUE. 57 
 
 the victory of the army of the Union over the slave- 
 holders, a half-century after the enactment of the 
 Thirteenth Amendment to the Federal Constitution, 
 a statue was unveiled of that marvelous Boston 
 orator, that bright star in the constellation of super- 
 lative abolitionists, greatest of all after the Eman- 
 cipation Proclamation, unveiled in the city of his 
 birth, the scene of his wondrous labors for humanity, 
 a statue erected in recognition of his worth and 
 greatness by the city government itself. 
 
 Though Boston was guilty of neglect and tardiness, 
 as if by the hand of Providence, the consummation 
 came so appropriately in this semicentennial year 
 of abolition, and on Independence Day, set aside to 
 mark the issuance of that document which Phillips 
 declared gave every human being beneath the flag a 
 right to freedom and equality. 
 
 It was a memorable occasion, from the time when 
 the man who as a boy had loved and revered Wendell 
 Phillips and honored his memory ever since, Mr. 
 William D. Brigham, was privileged to inaugurate 
 the exercises to unveil a statue which he as secretary 
 of the Wendell Phillips Memorial Association had 
 done so much to bring about, until this same man, 
 seeing the triumph of his life accomplished, was 
 called out upon the platform to acknowledge the 
 cheers of the multitude as they stood looking into 
 the triumphant face of the " silver-tongued orator of 
 abolition" in bronze, while the sun sank behind 
 the clouds which had parted to let down the sun- 
 light only when the hour for dedication had come. 
 
58 WENDELL PHILLIPS 
 
 Except for the comforts which the heavy showers 
 prevented, there was nothing to mar; every feature 
 was fit and appropriate. Fervent was the prayer 
 by Rev. Montrose W. Thornton, pastor of historic 
 Charles Street Church and also chairman of the 
 executive committee of the local Equal Rights League 
 branch. Sterling and practical the tribute of the 
 Acting Mayor, George W. Coleman, a man of Wen- 
 dell Phillips' principles, as was every speaker. 
 
 Illuminating and forceful was the life story by 
 Secretary Brigham. 
 
 Sweet and inspiring was the singing by the colored 
 singers, led by Dr. Walter 0. Taylor and J. Sherman 
 Jones, and the music by the brass band of Company 
 L, Sixth Regiment, of Massachusetts Militia. Pic- 
 turesque and touching was the encomium by the 
 only survivor of New England abolitionists, Frank 
 Sanborn, now eighty-three years old, still active, 
 a coworker with Phillips. Earnest and unqualified 
 was the praise by the spokesman for colored Ameri- 
 cans, William Monroe Trotter, himself a devotee 
 laboring to save the fruits of Phillips' labors, the 
 hero his father's friend. Fired with eloquence born 
 of love was the eulogy of Ireland's friend and the 
 friend of all oppressed, by Michael J. Jordan, son of 
 O'Connell's island home. Tuneful and noble the 
 paean of the poet of the occasion, grandson of Phil- 
 lips' party leader, bearing his name, William Lloyd 
 Garrison. Beautiful the unveiling by the handsome, 
 sturdy boy of the Phillips family blood, John C. 
 
MEMORIAL STATUE. 59 
 
 Phillips, Jr. Every participant was an emulator 
 of the " Prophet of Liberty, Champion of the 
 Slave." 
 
 Not since the enactment of the Fifteenth Amend- 
 ment, Phillips' great work, have so many assembled 
 at an occasion for the presentation of the cause of 
 freedom for the colored American in Massachusetts. 
 
 The monument, a masterpiece by Daniel Chester 
 French, the sculptor, represents the great aboli- 
 tionist standing at a reading desk, his right hand 
 resting upon the desk, his left outstretched and 
 holding a bit of a broken fetter. Upon the marble 
 background above the head of the statue are the 
 words: " Whether in chains or in laurels, liberty 
 knows nothing but victories." On the pedestal in 
 front are the words in raised bronze letters : 
 
 WENDELL PHILLIPS 
 
 1811-1884 
 
 Prophet of Liberty 
 
 Champion of the Slave 
 
 On the reverse side of the background is this 
 quotation from Phillips: "I love inexpressibly these 
 streets of Boston, over whose pavements my mother 
 held up tenderly my baby feet, and if God grants me 
 time enough I will make them too pure to bear the 
 footsteps of a slave." 
 
 Owing to the location, facing Boylston street and 
 about 200 feet from Charles street and Park square, 
 the great crowd flowed across Boylston street and all 
 
60 WENDELL PHILLIPS 
 
 around the monument on the Public Garden. The 
 little stand in front of the monument could accommo- 
 date only about 100, including the speakers and the 
 principal invited guests. 
 
 The cosmopolitanism of Wendell Phillips was well 
 illustrated in the exercises, in the speakers and in 
 the character of the crowd. 
 
 There were three venerable Germans who were 
 part of the bodyguard of Wendell Phillips at the 
 time when he was escorted to and from his house 
 in the turbulent abolition days. These men were 
 George Gramlich, Henry Foss and John Koch, 
 members of the old German Turnverein, and they 
 laid a wreath on the monument. 
 
 Dr. George Galvin also laid a wreath on the 
 monument because of Wendell Phillips' great inter- 
 est in the labor movement. There were present 
 many women suffragists because of Wendell Phil- 
 lips' great work for that cause. They placed a 
 wreath on the monument some days previous. 
 
 Finally there were many of the eminent repre- 
 sentatives of the colored race, for whom Phillips did 
 his greatest work — the work which the monument 
 is intended to symbolize. 
 
 Mr. Thomas P. Taylor, one of Phillips' body- 
 guards, had a platform seat. 
 
 Among the out-of-town guests on the platform 
 were Congressman William S. Greene of Fall River. 
 The color guard was from the Woman's Relief 
 Corps of the Robert A. Bell Post, 134, Dr. Alice W. 
 McKane, president, with three others. 
 
MEMORIAL STATUE. 61 
 
 And finally Acting Mayor Coleman presented 
 Mr. Jordan, who moved a vote of thanks to Mr. 
 Brigham for his services for the statue and unveiling. 
 Mr. Trotter seconded it and Acting Mayor Coleman 
 asked ratification by three cheers which he led and 
 the people gave with a will. 
 
 Then the people crowded up to the statue and 
 lingered about till darkness came on. 
 
DATE DUE 
 
 FEB 15 
 
 1999 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 UNIVERSITY PRODUCTS, INC. #859-5503 
 
BOSTON COLLEGE 
 
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