) PRACTICAL EXPLANATION AND APPLICATION OP BIBLE HISTORY, Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2018 with funding from Boston Library Consortium Member Libraries https://archive.org/details/practicalexplanaOOnash PRACTICAL EXPLANATION AND APPLICATION BIBLE HISTORY. EDITED BY REV. JOHN J. NASH, D.D. New York, Cincinnati, Chicago: BENZIGER BROTHERS, Printers to the Holy Apostolic See. 1902 . j j’Uci 0 - v i*. CHE8TN¥X ALLL, M,'? ,-.S. mibil ©bstat. REV. J. DONOHOE, D.D., Censor Deputatus. irmpdmatut. MICHAEL AUGUSTINE, Archbishop of New York. New York, March 20, 1902. H 0 Copyright, 1902 , by Benziger Brothers. PREFACE. “ To show in what ways the Inspired Writings are of practical use to Christian life, to mark their appli¬ cation to conduct as they are perused by the youthful reader, is to render a great service to our Holy Religion.”— Herbert, Cardinal Vaughan, in his ap¬ probation of Ivnecht's Commentary. To render in a small way the service spoken of by His Eminence is the aim of this hook. The editor and translator has followed the lines laid down bv Siegel j o in his excellent work, Kateclietischer Leitfaden. At the same time he has not hesitated to prune the original here and there, and to add some things that he hopes will make it interesting and practical. The work is intended for the use of catechism teachers. The comparatively few questions in each chapter do not exhaust the subject, still they will serve to guide the teacher, and to suggest other questions. In each chapter the children’s attention is called to the practical application of some truth learned in the cate¬ chism. “ God is merciful,” we tell the child in catechism; but here we unfold the truth to his gaze; Mary Magdalen, St. Peter, the thief on the cross, the whole history of the Jewish people, are so many moving 5 6 Preface. pictures, passing before the child's imagination and showing forth the truth which in the abstract would make little or no impression on the young mind. The principal feature of the work is the practical application found at the close of each chapter. All that precedes, the narration of the subject matter and its development, is nothing more than the means to an end. The theoretical knowledge of Catholic Truth will not save us; on the contrary it will only increase our responsibility at the last accounting; our knowledge must be practical, we must shape our conduct in the mould of Catholic doctrine, we must make it the rule of our daily life. Only in this way “ we shall know the truth and the truth shall make us free.” Hence it is that we consider the practical applica¬ tion at the end of each chapter the most important feature of the whole work. Despite any defects which the eye of the critic may detect, we trust that this little book will not fail to do some good. Jno. J. Nasii. P ORTAQ EVILLE, N. Y., Feast of St. Matthias, 1902. CONTENTS PAGE Preface.. 5 THE OLD TESTAMENT: THE PRIMITIVE AGES. CHAPTER I. The Creation of the World and the Institution of the Sabbath. 15 II. The Creation and Fall of the Angels. 19 III. The Creation of the First Man.—Paradise.—The Crea¬ tion of Eve. 23 IV. The Fall of our First Parents. 26 V. The Punishment of the Sin of our First Parents and the Promise of a Redeemer. 30 VI. Cain and Abel. 34 VII. The Multiplication of the Sons of Men, their Sins.— The Deluge. 38 VIII. Noe’s Sacrifice.—His Children. 41 IX. The Tower of Babel.—Universal Idolatry. 45 THE HISTORY OF THE PEOPLE OF ISRAEL. X. The Call and Obedience of the Patriarch Abraham. 48 XI. Abraham’s Love of Peace.—Melchisedech.. 51 XII. The Law of Circumcision.—Abraham’s Faith and Hospitality .. 55 XIII, The Destruction of Sodom and Gomorrha. 58 7 8 Contents. CHAPTER PAGE XIV. Tlie Birth of Isaac.—Abraham’s Sacrifice. 61 XV. Isaac Marries Rebecca. 64 XVI. Esau and Jacob. 66 XVII. Jacob’s Flight and His Sojourn with Laban. 70 XVIII. Jacob’s Return Home and His Reconciliation with Esau. 74 XIX. Joseph is Sold by His Brothers. 77 XX. Joseph in the House of Putiphar. 82 XXI. Joseph in Prison. 84 XXII. Joseph’s Exaltation. 86 XXIII. The Sons of Jacob go into Egypt. 89 XXIV. Benjamin’s Journey into Egypt. 92 XXV. Joseph’s Silver Cup... .. 95 XXVI. Joseph Makes Himself Known to His Brothers. 97 XXVII. Jacob goes into Egypt. 99 XXVIII. The Last Words of Jacob and Joseph. 101 XXIX. Job’s Patience. 103 THE WONDERFUL DEVELOPMENT AND GUIDANCE OF THE PEOPLE OF ISRAEL. XXX. The Birth of Moses. 107 XXXI. The Flight of Moses. 109 XXXII. The Burning Bush .Ill XXXIII. The Ten Plagues of Egypt. 116 XXXIV. The Paschal Lamb, and the Departure of the Israelites from Egypt. 118 XXXV. The Passage of the Red Sea. 121 XXXVI. Miracles Wrought in the Desert. 124 XXXVII. God gives the Ten Commandments on Mount Sinai. 126 XXXVIII. The Golden OalfTTTTTTTTr7TTTTTTT7T^. ... 129 XXXIX. The Erection of the Tabernacle. 131 XL. Laws Regulating Divine Worship. 134 XLI. The Spies. .... 140 XLII. The Revolt of Core and His Punishment.142 XLIII. The Doubt of Moses.—The Brazen Serpent. 143 XLIV. Balaam’s Prophecy. 146 XLV. The Parting Advice and Death of Moses. 147 XLVI. The Israelites Enter the Promised Land.—Josue.. 150 Contents . 9 CHAPTER PAGE XLVII. The Judges.—Gedeon. 153 XLVIII. Ruth’s Affection for Her Mother-in-law. 155 XLIX. Samuel.—The Wicked Sons of Heli. 158 L. Saul elected King... 161 LI. David the Young Shepherd. 164 LII. David Fights with Goliath and Slays Him. 165 LIII. Jonathan Loves David, Saul Hates Him. 167 LIV. David’s Noble Conduct towards Saul. 169 THE GREATNESS OF THE PEOPLE OF ISRAEL.—FROM DAVID TO ROBOAM. LV. David’s Piety and Zeal for God’s Glory. 172 LVI. The Prophecies of David. 174 LVII. Revolt and Punishment of Absalom.. 176 LVIII. David’s Last Words and Death. 179 LIX. Solomon’s Prayer and Wisdom. 181 LX. The Proverbs of Solomon... 184 LXI. The Building and Consecration of the Temple. 186 LXII. Solomon’s Magnificence and Fall. 188 THE DECLINE OF THE PEOPLE OF ISRAEL. LXIII. The Division of the Kingdom. 190 LXIV. The Prophets.—God Sends the Prophet Elias. 192 LXV. The Sacrifice of Elias. 195 LXVI. The Sins and Punishment of Jezabel and Achab.. .. 197 LXVII. God Sends the Prophet Eliseus.200 LXVIII. The Prophet Jonas. 202 FINAL OVERTHROW OF THE KINGDOM OF ISRAEL, 722 B.C. LXIX. Tobias in the Assyrian Captivity. 204 LXX. The Parting Advice of the Older Tobias and the Departure of the Younger. 206 LXXI. Tobias’ Return Home. 209 LXXII. The Prophets Joel and Micheas. 210 LXXIII. King Ozias Usurps the Priestly Functions, and is Stricken with Leprosy. 212 10 Contents. CHAPTER PAGE LXXIV. The Prophecies of Isaias. 214 LXXV. The Pious King Ezechias. 217 LXXVI. Judith. 219 THE DESTRUCTION OF THE KINGDOM OF JUDA. LXXVII. Daniel in the Babylonian Captivity. 222 LXXVIII. Daniel Saves the Chaste Susanna. 224 LXXIX. The Three Young Men in the Fiery Furnace ... 227 LXXX. King Baltassar and the Idol Bel. 230 LNXXI. Daniel in the Lions’ Den..... . . 232 LXXXII. The Return of the Jews from the Babylonian Captivity. 234 LXXXIII. Esther. 236 LXXXIY. Translation of the Old Testament into Greek.— Ecclesiasticus. 239 LXXXV. The Martyrdom of Eleazar. 243 LXXXVI. The Martyrdom of the Seven Machabees.244 LXXXVII. The Sacrifice and Heroic Deeds of Judas Maclia- beus. 246 LXXXVIII. The Last Days before the Coming of Christ.249 THE NEW TESTAMENT. I. The Announcement of the Birth of St. John the Baptist.253 II. The Announcement of the Birth of Jesus.257 III. The Visitation of the Blessed Virgin. 261 IV. The Birth of St. John the Baptist. 265 V. The Birth of Christ. 268 VI. The Shepherds at the Crib and the Circumcision.272 VII. The Presentation of Jesus in the Temple. 274 VIII. The Adoration of the Magi. 277 IX. The Flight into Egypt and the Return to Nazareth.... 280 X. Jesus in the Temple. 283 XI. St. John the Baptist, the Forerunner of Christ. 286 Contents . 11 CHAPTER PAGE XII. The Baptism of Jesus..289 XIII. The Temptation of Jesus in the Desert. 291 XIV. The First Disciples of Jesus.292 XV. Jesus’ First Miracle at Cana. 294 XVI. The Expulsion of the Buyers and Sellers and the Money-changers from the Temple and the Con¬ versation with Nicodemus. 296 XVII. Jesus at the Well of Jacob..299 XVIII. Jesus’ Sermon at Nazareth. 802 XIX. The Miracles of Jesus at Capharnaum.305 XX. The Miraculous Draught of Fishes. 306 XXI. The Miraculous Cure of the Paralytic. 308 XXII. The Sermon on the Mount. The Eight Beatitudes. 311 On the Dignity and Office of the Apostles and their Successors. 316 On the True Justice of the New Law.318 On the Necessity of Having a Good Intention when Performing Good Works. 319 On the Solicitude for the Things of this World and Confidence in God. 321 On Rash Judgment. 322 Concluding Remarks. 324 XXIII. The Cure of the Leper and of the Centurion’s Servant. 325 XXIV. Jesus raises from the Dead the Son of the Widow of Naim. 328 XXV. The Mission of the Disciples of John the Baptist to Christ . 330 XXVI. Mary Magdalen the Penitent. 331 XXVII. Cure of the Man who had been sick for Thirty-eight Years... 333 XXVIII. The Sins against the Holy Ghost.—Mary is declared Blessed. 836 XXIX. Jesus Preaches on the Lake of Genesareth.—The Seven Parables of the Kingdom of Heaven. 837 XXX. The Parable of the Seed and the Cockle.339 XXXI. The Parable of the Mustard Seed, the Leaven, the Treasure, the Precious Pearl, and the Net. 340 XXXII. Jesus in the Tempest at Sea. 342 12 Contents . CHAPTER PAGE XXXIII. Jesus lieals the Woman afflicted with an Issue of Blood and raises the Daughter of Jairus to Life. 343 XXXIV. The First Mission of the Apostles. 345 XXXV. The Beheading of St. John the Baptist.348 XXXVI. The Miracle of the Loaves and Fishes.—Jesus Feeds Miraculously Five Thousand Men. 349 XXXVII. Jesus Walks upon the Waters. 351 XXXVIII. The Promise to Institute the Blessed Sacrament.. 352 XXXIX. The Woman of Chanaan. 355 XL. Jesus Promises St. Peter the Keys of the King¬ dom of Heaven. 357 XLI. The Transfiguration of Jesus on Mount Tliabor.. 360 XLII. The Tribute for the Temple. 362 XLIII. Jesus Blesses the Little Children.—On Scandal... 363 XLIV. The Power to Forgive Sins Conferred on the Apostles.—The Parable of the Unforgiving Servant. 364 XLV. Jesus Sends Forth Ilis Seventy-two Disciples.... 366 XLVI. The Commandments of the Love of God and our Neighbor.—The Good Samaritan. 367 XLVII. Martha and Mary. 370 XLVIII. Jesus the Good Shepherd, and the Lost Sheep.... 371 XLIX. The Parable of the Prodigal Son.373 L. The Parable of Dives and Lazarus. 376 LI. Jesus gives Sight to the Man Born Blind. 378 LII. The “ Our Father ”. 381 LIII. The Parable of the Rich Man. 382 LIV. The Barren Fig-tree. 383 LV. The Ten Lepers. 385 LVI. The Pharisee and the Publican. 386 LVII. Jesus at the Feast of the Dedication of the Temple. 388 LVIII. The Rich Young Man. 389 LIX. The Parable of the Laborers in the Vineyard. 391 LX. The Raising of Lazarus from the Dead.393 LXI. Jesus Foretells His Passion and Death.—Zacheus.. 395 LXII. Jesus Anointed by Mary. 397 LXIII. The Triumphal Entry of Jesus into Jerusalem... 398 LXIV. The Parable of the Marriage Feast..400 Contents 13 CHAPTER PAGE LXV. The Coin of Tribute. 402 LXVI. The Widow’s Mite.—Jesus Foretells the Destruc¬ tion of Jerusalem and the End of the World.. 404 LXVH. The Parables of the Ten Virgins and the Talents 406 LXVIII. The Last Judgment. 408 LXIX. The Eating of the Paschal Lamb and the Wash¬ ing of the Feet...411 LXX. Jesus Institutes the Blessed Sacrament and Fore¬ tells the Treason of Judas... 413 LXXI. Jesus Foretells the Denial of St. Peter and Bids Farewell to His Apostles. 420 LXXII. The Agony of Jesus in the Garden.424 LXXIII. Jesus is Seized in the Garden.426 LXXIV. Jesus before Annas and C’aiphas.428 LXXV. St. Peter Denies Christ.—Judas Despairs. 430 LXXVI. Jesus before Pilate and Herod. 433 LXXVII. Jesus is Scourged, Crowned with Thorns, and Condemned to Death.435 LXXVIII. Jesus Carries His Cross and is Crucified.438 LXXIX. Jesus Speaks the Seven Last Words and Dies on the Cross. 439 LXXX. Jesus is Laid in the Sepulchre.444 LXXXI. The Resurrection of Christ..446 LXXXII. Jesus appears to Mary Magdalen and St. Peter.. 449 LXXXIII. Jesus appears to Two of His Disciples on the Way to Emmaus. 451 LXXXIV. Jesus appears to the Assembled Apostles and Institutes the Sacrament of Penance.453 LXXXV. Jesus makes St. Peter the Supreme Pastor of His Flock. 457 LXXXVI. Jesus Promises the Holy Ghost to the Apostles, Sends them out to Preach to the Whole World, and Ascends into Heaven.459 LXXXVII. The Election of Matthias and the Descent of the Holy Ghost.462 LXXXVIII. St. Peter Cures a Man who was Born Lame.— He and St. John are brought before the Council.465 LXXXIX. Ananias and Saphira.467 14 Contents. CHAPTER PAGE XC. The Twelve Apostles in Prison.—Gamaliel’s Coun¬ sel.469 XCI. The Election of the Deacons.—Stephen is the First Martyr. 471 XCII. The Sacrament of Confirmation.—The Baptism of the Officer of Queen Candace of Ethiopia. 474 XCIII. The Conversion of Saul.477 XCIV. Peter’s Journey.—He raises Tabitha to Life.479 XCV. The Conversion of Cornelius and the Christians at Antioch.480 XCVI. Peter in Prison. 482 XCVII. St. Paul’s First Mission (a.d. 45-48). 484 XCVIII. The Council of Jerusalem. 487 XCIX. St. Paul’s Second Mission (a.d. 51-54). 489 C. St. Paul’s Third Mission (a.d. 55-58)...., . 492 Cl. The Last Years of the Apostles.493 CII. The First Centuries of the Church...494 Alphabetical Index . 497 PRACTICAL EXPLANATION AND AP¬ PLICATION OF BIBLE HISTORY. THE OLD TESTAMENT. THE PRIMITIVE AGES. I. THE CREATION OF THE WORLD AND THE INSTITUTION OF THE SABBATH. What does this lesson relate? It relates that God created heaven and earth and all things, and how He created them. When did God create heaven and earth and all things ? God created them “in the beginning,” that is, in the beginning of time. What do we see from this ? We see from this that the world is not eternal. Who is eternal? God alone is eternal. What does “create” mean? To “ create ” means to make out of nothing. 15 16 The Primitive Ages. How was it possible for God to create the world if there was nothing out of which to make it? It was possible because God is almighty. What do we mean when we say that God is almighty ? When we say that God is almighty, we mean that He can do all things and nothing is hard or impossible to Him. Why is God called the Creator? God is called the Creator because He made heaven and earth and all things out of nothing. In what condition was the earth when God created it? It was “ void and empty,” that is to say, it was not in its present orderly condition and was not inhabited by living beings. What else do we know about the earth in its primi¬ tive condition? We know that it was covered with water and dark¬ ness. What happened at the creation? At the creation, “the Spirit of God moved over the waters.” What did God create on the first day? On the first day He created the light. Why did He create the light first? God created the light first because without light nothing could live. What did God create on the second day ? On the second day He created the firmament. What do we mean by firmament? By firmament we mean the sky. The Creation of the World. 17 What else do we understand by firmament? By firmament we also understand the atmosphere. What did God create on the third day? On the third day He created the different bodies of water and the firm land. How did God do this? God caused the waters to be gathered together in one place, so that the dry land appeared. With what did God cover the dry land? God covered the land with grass, flowers, and fruit¬ bearing trees. What happened on the fourth day? On the fourth day God created the sun, moon, and stars, and placed them in the heavens. What did God create on the fifth day ? On the fifth day He created fish and birds of every kind. What did God create on the sixth day? On the sixth day He created all kinds of animals that inhabit the earth, and last of all man. What were all things that God created? All things that God created were good. Why were they good? They were good because they answered the purpose for which they had been created. Why did God create the world? God created the world for two reasons: (1), For His own honor and glory; and (2), For the benefit of man. What did God do on the seventh day? On the seventh day He rested, blessed it, and made it holy. 18 The Primitive Ages . What does “ God rested” mean? It means that He ceased to create. What does God still do for the world? He still preserves and governs it. How does God preserve the world? God preserves the world by causing it to continue to exist. How does God govern the world? God governs the world by taking care of all things and arranging them so as to carry out His will. But if God takes care of every one, why does He allow so many to suffer? God allows many to suffer: (1), To turn the thoughts of the sinner to Himself, that he may be con¬ verted and save his soul; (2), That the just may have an opportunity of following in the footsteps of Christ and laying up for themselves treasures in heaven. How did God bless the Sabbath and make it holy? God blessed the Sabbath and made it holy by set¬ ting it aside for His own special service. Was Sunday the Lord’s day in the Old Testament? No, Saturday or the Sabbath was the Lord’s day in the Old Testament. What day do Christians keep holy? Christians keep Sunday holy. Who changed the Lord’s day from Saturday to Sunday ? The Catholic Church changed it. Why had the Church a right to change it ? The Church had a right to change it, because it is the representative of Christ on earth. 19 The Creation and Fall of the Angels. What induced the Church to make this change ? The Church was induced to make this change be¬ cause Sunday was the day on which her divine Founder rose from the dead, and on which the Holy Ghost de¬ scended on the Apostles. Can Protestants consistently observe Sunday instead of Saturday? No, because they believe only what they find in Holy Scripture, and Holy Scripture does not tell us to keep Sunday, but the Sabbath. Which attributes did God manifest in creating the world ? In creating the world, God manifested His almighty power, His wisdom, and His goodness. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to be thankful to God for all He has done for us. How can we show that we are thankful to God? We can show that we are thankful to God: (1), By saying our prayers regularly morning and night, before and after meals; (2), By keeping holy the Lord’s day. How do we keep holy the Lord’s day? We keep holy the Lord’s day by attending Mass a^nd abstaining from servile works. II. THE CREATION AND FALL OF THE ANGELS. What does this lesson relate? It relates that God created the angels, and that many of them sinned and were punished. 20 The Primitive Ages. What are angels ? Angels are pure spirits. What is a spirit ? A spirit is a being without a body, that has intelli¬ gence and a free will. Is God a spirit? Yes, God is a spirit. What, then, is the difference between God and an angel? An angel is a created, finite, and imperfect spirit; God is an uncreated, eternal, and infinitely perfect spirit. Why do we say that God is “ infinitely ” perfect? We say that He is “ infinitely ” perfect because there is no measure or limit to His perfection. In what condition were the angels when God cre¬ ated them? They were all good and happy. How do we know that the angels were good ? We know that the angels were good because they were endowed with sanctifying grace. How do we know that the angels were happy? We know that they were happy because they saw God face to face. Did they remain good? No, some of them sinned and lost sanctifying grace. What sin did they commit? They committed the sin of pride. When do we sin by pride ? We sin by pride as often as we attribute to our¬ selves good qualities which we do not possess, refuse to give God credit for them, or despise our fellow-men. The Creation and Fall of the Angels. 21 How did the angels sin by pride ? They sinned by pride because they said: “ We shall he like unto the Most High; we shall place our throne above the stars.” Did all the angels sin? Ho, many of them remained faithful and contended with the wicked angels. How did they contend with the wicked angels? They contended with the wicked angels by resist¬ ing their temptation to lead them into sin. What was the result of the combat? The wicked angels were defeated and cast into hell. What are the wicked angels called ? They are called devils. Which attribute of God do we see in the punish¬ ment of the angels? In the punishment of the angels we see the justice of God. What do we mean when we say that God is all-just? When we say that God is all-just we mean that God rewards and punishes us strictly according to our deserts. Who was the leader of the good angels ? St. Michael, the Archangel, was their leader. What does the name “ Michael ” mean ? “ Michael ” means, “ Who is like God.” In what relation does St. Michael stand to the Catholic Church? St. Michael is the patron saint of the Church. When does the Church ask his protection? The Church asks his protection after every Low 22 The Primitive Ages. Mass, when she says through the priest the prayers pre¬ scribed by our Holy Father the Pope. How are the good angels divided? They are divided into nine choirs. Name the nine choirs of angels. Angels, Archangels, Seraphim, Cherubim, Virtues, Thrones, Dominations, Principalities, and Powers. Mention one of the offices of the angels. They are messengers from God to man. Give some instances showing that they are mes¬ sengers of God. Raphael was sent by God to guide the younger Tobias, and Gabriel was sent to the Blessed Virgin to announce to her that she was to be the Mother of God. What do we call those angels who are sent to pro¬ tect us? We call them guardian angels. How should we act towards our guardian angels ? We should pray to them daily, and follow their in¬ spirations. When do we celebrate the Feast of the Guardian Angels ? We celebrate the Feast of the Guardian Angels on the second of October. How are the bad angels disposed towards us? They hate and envy us and try to lead us into sin. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to resist the attacks of the wicked angels by prayer and watchfulness, and follow the inspiration of our guardian angels. The Creation of the First Man. 23 III. THE CREATION OF THE FIRST MAN.— PARADISE.—THE CREATION OF EYE. What does this lesson relate? It relates that God created man, placed him in the garden of paradise, and gave him a commandment. On what day did God create man? God created man on the sixth day. What did God do just before He created man? Just before God created man, He said: “ Let us make man to our image and likeness; and let him have dominion over the fishes of the sea and the fowls of the air, and the beasts, and the whole earth.” What do the words “ let us make ” imply ? They imply that the three divine Persons consulted with each other before creating man. Why are they represented as consulting with each other ? They are represented as consulting with each other, because man is superior to the other animals. Why is man superior to the other creatures of God ? Man is superior to the other creatures of God, be¬ cause he has an immortal soul. How did God create the first man? He formed his body of the slime of the earth, and breathed into it an immortal soul. Whose image is the soul? The soul is the image of God. How is the soul the image of God? The soul is the image of God because it has a natural and supernatural likeness to God. 24 The Primitive Ages. In what does the natural likeness consist? The natural likeness consists in the soul being im¬ mortal, and endowed with understanding and free will. In what does the supernatural likeness consist? The supernatural likeness consists in the soul being adorned with sanctifying grace. Did the first man possess any other gifts? Yes, he also possessed what is called preternatural gifts. Name them. (1), He was endowed with great knowledge; (2), He was free from concupiscence; (3), His body was not subject to suffering or death. What do we mean by concupiscence? By concupiscence we mean the leaning of the will towards exterior things against our better judgment. Why are these gifts called preternatural? They are called preternatural, not supernatural, be¬ cause they do not raise man to a higher order, but tend to perfect him in the natural order. Were these gifts intended only for the first man? No, they were intended also for all his descendants. Who was the first man ? The first man was Adam, which means man from the earth. Where did the first man live? He lived in paradise, a most beautiful garden. Why did God place Adam in a garden of paradise ? God placed Adam in a garden of paradise that he might till the soil and be happy, and thus gain a fore¬ taste of the happiness that awaited him in the heavenly paradise. The Creation of the First Man. 25 How was Adam to gain the heavenly paradise ? Adam was to gain the heavenly paradise by stand¬ ing a test. In what did this test consist? It consisted in keeping one commandment. What was the commandment? God said to Adam: “ Of every tree of paradise thou shalt eat, but of the tree of knowledge of good and evil thou shalt not eat; for in what day soever thou shalt eat of it, thou shalt die the death.” Was it difficult to keep this commandment? No, it was easy for Adam to resist all temptation, as his will was not yet prone to evil. Did God give a companion to Adam ? Yes, He gave him Eve for a companion. How did God create the first woman ? God caused a deep sleep to come over Adam, took one of his ribs and formed a woman of it. Why did God form Eve from a rib of Adam ? God formed Eve from a rib of Adam to signify the attachment that should exist between man and wife. What does the word “ Eve ” mean? “ Eve ” means mother of the living. Who instituted marriage? God Himself instituted marriage. When and where did God institute marriage ? God instituted marriage in the garden of paradise when He led Eve to Adam. What follows from the fact that God joined man and wife in one flesh? It follows from this, that marriage can never be dissolved. (Matt. ix. 6.) 26 The Primitive Ages. How did Christ our Lord sanctify marriage ? Christ sanctified marriage by raising it to the dignity of a sacrament, and making it a type of the union between Himself and His Church. What should we learn from this lesson ? We should learn from it never to stain 041* soul, the image of its Creator, with mortal sin. IV. THE FALL OF OUR FIRST PARENTS. What does this lesson relate? It relates how our first parents broke God’s com¬ mandment. Who tempted the first man to sin ? Satan tempted him to sin. Why did Satan tempt man to sin ? Satan tempted him because he hated God and was jealous of man’s happiness. When do we sin by jealousy or envy? We sin by jealousy or envy as often as we are grieved at the good fortune of another and rejoice at his misfortune. How did Satan tempt man? He assumed the form of a serpent and began to tempt Eve by doubts, pride, sensual pleasure, and, finally, unbelief. How do we know that Satan assumed the form of a serpent ? We know this, because the serpent spoke intelli¬ gently. The Fall of our First Parents . 27 How did Satan tempt Eve to doubt? He tempted her to doubt by saying: “Why had God commanded you, that you should not eat of every tree of paradise? ” How did this tempt her to doubt ? It tempted her to doubt because it suggested the thought that God had no right, to give this command. Could Eve see that this was a temptation ? Certainly, because she might know that a good spirit would not question God’s right to command. So what should Eve have done? She should have fled at once from the serpent. But what did she do ? Instead of fleeing, she began to discuss the question with the serpent. How did Satan tempt her to pride ? Satan tempted her to pride by saying, “ If you eat of the fruit of this tree, your eyes shall be opened, and you shall be as gods, knowing good and evil.” How did he tempt her to unbelief? He tempted her to unbelief by saying: “No, you shall not die.” How did these words contain a temptation to un¬ belief ? These words tended to make Eve doubt the truth¬ fulness of God, who had said: “ For in what day so¬ ever thou shalt eat of it, thou shalt die the death.” How was Eve finally led to sin ? Eve was finally led to sin by her sensual appetite. How do we know this? We know this from the words of Holy Scripture: 28 The Primitive Ages. “ And tlie woman saw that the tree was good to eat, and fair to the eyes and delightful to behold.” What is sin ? Sin is any thought, word, deed, or omission against the law of God. Did Eve sin by thought? Yes, because she doubted the truthfulness of God. Did she sin by desire ? Yes, because she desired to be like God. Did she sin by deed? Yes, because she ate the forbidden fruit. Did she sin by word ? Yes, because she induced Adam to eat. \ Did Adam and Eve commit a mortal sin? Yes, because they freely and deliberately broke an important commandment of God. How do we know that it was an important com¬ mandment ? We know that it was an important commandment, because their own happiness and their descendants’ depended on it. When do we notice the first consequences of their sin? We notice the consequences at once: “ And the eyes of them both were opened, and they perceived they were naked. Were their eyes opened as the devil promised? Their eyes were opened, hut not as the devil prom¬ ised to their glory, hut to their shame. How many were the consequences of this sin ? The consequences were two-fold; for the soul and the body. The Fall of our First Parents. 29 What were the consequences for the soul? The soul lost sanctifying grace, the understanding was darkened, and the will weakened. Can you give a proof showing that their under¬ standing was darkened ? They tried to hide themselves from the sight of God. What were the consequences for the body? The body was doomed to sickness and death. Did our first parents injure others besides themselves by their sin? Yes, they injured all their descendants. How did they injure their descendants? They injured their descendants because their sin and its consequences were transmitted to them. What is this sin called? It is called original sin. Did we all commit original sin? No, we did not commit it ourselves, but we in¬ herited it with our human nature. How could Adam transmit this sin to all his de¬ scendants? He could transmit this sin to his descendants, be¬ cause he received sanctifying grace not as an indi¬ vidual, but as the head of the whole human race. In what does original sin consist ? It consists in the absence of sanctifying grace, which, according to God’s will, ought to be in our soul. What do we mean when we say God is truthful ? When we say God is truthful, we mean that He always tells the truth, because He can neither deceive nor be deceived. 30 The Primitive Ages. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to flee temptation and not to parley with Satan. V. THE PUNISHMENT OF THE SIN OF OUR FIRST PARENTS AND THE PROMISE OF A REDEEMER. What does this lesson relate? It relates how God punished the sin of our first par¬ ents and promised a Redeemer. Whom did God punish? God punished the serpent, the devil, Adam and Eve. Why did God punish the serpent? God punished the serpent because it was the instru¬ ment which Satan employed to tempt man to sin. How did God punish the serpent? God said to the serpent: “ Because thou hast done this thing thou art cursed among all cattle and beasts of the earth: upon thy breast shalt thou go, and earth shalt thou eat all the days of thy life.” Must we conclude from these words that the serpent walked upright before it was cursed? No, it may have crawled before the curse just as it does now, but its crawling from that time was the sign that it was cursed. Can you give a similar example in the Old Testa¬ ment? Yes; the rainbow did not appear for the first time after the Deluge, but from that time it became the sign of a covenant between God and man. Punishment of Sin , Promised Redeemer . 31 Why did God punish Satan? God punished Satan because he tempted Adam and Eve. How did He punish Satan*? He said: “ I will put enmities between thee and the woman, and thy seed and her seed; she shall crush thy head, and thou shalt lie in w T ait for her heel.” Who are the seed of Satan? All evil spirits and those who are hardened in sin are the seed of Satan. Who is the seed of the woman? Jesus Christ, the Son of God, horn in time of the Virgin Mary, is the seed of the woman. What was the punishment inflicted on Satan ? The punishment inflicted on Satan was the victory which Mary was to win over him. In what did the victory of Mary over Satan consist ? The victory of Mary over Satan consisted: (1), In her being free from original sin, and all actual sin; (2), In giving birth to the Redeemer, who, by His death and resurrection, broke the power of sin and Satan. Is it true that original sin was inherited by all? No, there is one exception, the Blessed Virgin Mary. When do we celebrate the Feast of the Immaculate Conception ? We celebrate the Feast of the Immaculate Concep¬ tion on the eighth of December. Where did God first promise a Redeemer? God first promised a Redeemer in the garden of paradise. To whom did He promise a Redeemer? He promised a Redeemer to our first parents. 32 The Primitive Ages When did He promise a Redeemer? God promised a Redeemer when He said that He would place enmities between Satan and Mary, between Satan’s seed and the seed of Mary. Which attribute of God does this manifest ? It manifests His mercy. What do we mean when we say God is merciful? When we say God is merciful, we mean that He is always ready to pardon the truly penitent sinner. What would have happened to man if God had not had mercy on him? If God had not had mercy on man he would have been excluded forever from heaven. How long was it before the promise of a Redeemer was fulfilled? It was about four thousand years. Is there anything in the liturgy of the Church which reminds us of this time? Yes, the four weeks of Advent remind us of the four thousand years before the promise of a Redeemer was fulfilled. Did the just in the Old Testament pray for a Re¬ deemer? Yes, they prayed: “ Drop down dew, ye heavens, from above, and let the clouds rain the just; let the earth be opened and hud forth a Saviour.” Whom did Adam blame for his sin? He blamed Eve. He said: “The woman whom Thou gavest me to he my companion, gave me of the tree, and I did eat.” Punishment of Sin , and Promised Redeemer. 33 And whom did Eve blame? Eve blamed the serpent. She said: “ The serpent deceived me, and I did eat.” How did God punish Eve? God said to Eve: “ In sorrow shalt thou bring forth children.” How did God punish Adam? God said to Adam: “ Cursed is the earth in thy work: with labor and toil shalt thou eat thereof all the days of thy life;... in the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread, till thou return to the earth, out of which thou wast taken.” In what did Adam’s temporal punishment consist ? Adam’s temporal punishment was twofold: (1), The earth no longer brought forth fruit of itself, but Adam had to work hard to make it yield a living; (2), He was doomed to sickness and death. Which attribute of God does this manifest ? It manifests His justice. What do we mean when we say God is faithful ? When we say God is faithful we mean that He keeps His promises and carries out His threats. Of whom is Adam a type ? Adam is a type of Jesus Christ. How is Adam a type of Jesus Christ? Adam is the head of the whole human race in the natural order, Christ is the head of the human race in the supernatural order; Adam, by his sin, lost us heaven, Christ, by His victory, regained it for us; through Adam, sin and death entered the world, through Christ, grace and life eternal 34 The Primitive Ages. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to look on sin as the greatest evil and to think frequently of death. At what time especially does the Church remind us of death? The Church reminds us of death especially on Ash- Wednesday, when she strews ashes on our head. VI. CAIN AND ABEL. What does this lesson relate? It relates that Cain killed his brother Abel, and was punished for it by God* Who were Cain and Abel? Cain and Abel were the oldest sons of Adam and Eve. What was Cain? Cain was a farmer, a tiller of the soil. What was Abel? Abel was a shepherd. Was Abel a just man? Yes, because he adored God, and believed in the coming Kedeemer. What offering did Cain make to God? Cain offered the fruits of the earth. What offering did Abel make? Abel offered the firstlings of his flock. Was God pleased with the offering of Abel? Yes, God was pleased with the offering of Abel. Was He pleased with the offering of Cain? No, God was not pleased with the offering of Cain. Cain and Abel. 35 Why was Cain’s offering displeasing to God? Cain’s offering was displeasing to God because he did not have a good intention. What does God consider in all our good works? God always considers the intention with which we perform our good works. What do we mean by “ a good intention ” ? By “ a good intention ” we mean a desire to do all things for the honor and glory of God. How did Cain act after God had refused his offer¬ ing? He became very angry, and jealous of his brother Abel. When do v/e sin by anger ? We sin by anger as often as we lose our temper, scold or curse, and give way to feelings of revenge. What did God do when He saw that Cain was angry and jealous? When God saw that Cain was angry and jealous He said to him: “ Why art thou angry, and why is thy countenance fallen? If thou do well, shalt thou not receive? but if ill, shall not sin forthwith be present at the door? but the lust thereof shall be under thee, and thou shalt have dominion over it.” What did God express by these words? By these words God expressed His willingness to re¬ ceive Cain’s offering when he was free from sin, and warned him against further sin. Which attribute of God do these words manifest ? They manifest His mercy and forbearance. Did Cain heed the warning of God? Ho, Cain did not heed the warning of God, 36 The Primitive Ages. What did his sinful thoughts lead to? They led to a sinful act. What was the sinful act? He slew his brother Abel. To what class of sins does murder belong? Murder belongs to the class of sins that cry to heaven for vengeance. How many sins cry to heaven for vengeance? There are four sins that cry to heaven for ven¬ geance: Murder, sodomy, defrauding laborers of their wages, and oppression of the widow and orphan. How did Cain commit murder? Cain said to Abel one day: “ Let us go forth abroad/’ And Abel, suspecting nothing, followed him, and when they were in the field together, Cain rose up and killed him. What did God do as soon as Cain had killed Abel? God said to Cain, “ Where is thy brother Abel? What did these words contain? They contained the grace of repentance. Did Cain accept the grace? No, he remained stubborn and hardened in his sin. How do we know that Cain remained hardened in his sin? We know this from the answer he gave Almighty God. He said: “I know not: Am I my brother's keeper? ” What did God do after Cain rejected His grace? After Cain rejected His grace God punished him. How did God punish Cain? God said to Cain: “ Cursed shalt thou be upon the earth. . . . When thou shalt till it it shall not yield to Gain and Abel . 37 thee its fruit. A fugitive and vagabond shalt thou he upon the earth.” What effect did God’s curse have on Cain? He began to despair. How do we sin by despair? We sin by despair when we lose all hope in God's mercy. How did God show His mercy towards Cain? God set a mark on Cain that whosoever found him should not kill him. God said: “ Whosoever shall kill Cain shall be punished sevenfold." Was Cain guilty of any other sins besides murder? Yes, he was gui 1 ty r of anger, stubbornness, and jealousy. Of whom is Abel a type? Abel is a type of Jesus Christ. Abel offered sacri¬ fice, Jesus sacrificed Himself; Abel was the victim of his brother’s jealousy, Jesus was the victim of the jealousy of the Pharisees; the blood of Abel cried to heaven for vengeance, the blood of Jesus cried to the Father for mercy. Of whom is Cain a figure ? Cain is a figure of the Jews. Cain was jealous of his brother, the Jews were jealous of Christ; Cain re¬ jected God’s grace, so did the Jews; Cain killed the innocent Abel, the Jews put the innocent Jesus to death; Cain became a wanderer on the earth, so did the Jews. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it: (1), To make a good in¬ tention every morning; (2), To be kind to our brothers 3S The Primitive Ages. and sisters; (3), Not to reject the grace of God, but to repent of our sins. VII. THE MULTIPLICATION OF THE SONS OF MEN, THEIR SINS. — THE DELUGE. What does this lesson relate? It relates that men grew more and more numerous and wicked, until finally they were all destroyed by the Deluge, with the exception of one family. How long did Adam live? He lived nine hundred and thirty years. Was Adam the only one who lived so long? No, his nearest descendants lived as long as he did. How was Revelation transmitted from Adam to Moses? Revelation was transmitted from Adam, to Moses by word of mouth. Were the descendants of Adam good? Some were good, and others were bad. What were the good called? The good were called the children of God and were the descendants of Seth. What were the wicked called? The wicked were called the children of men and were the descendants of Cain. Did the children of God and the children of men remain apart? No, they intermarried. What was the result of their intermarrying? The result was that the wicked became more numerous, and were soon in the majority. Multiplication of the Sons of Men , their Sins. 39 Why did this happen? It happened because the good are injured by the companionship of the wicked, rather than the wicked are converted by the good. What did God determine to do when He saw the wickedness of the world? He determined to destroy all mankind by a deluge. Was any one to be saved from the Deluge? Yes, Noe and his family were to be saved. Why did God wish to save Noe and his family? God wished to save Noe and his family because they led pious lives.* What did God do ? God made a covenant with Noe. What was the object of the covenant? The covenant was a pledge that God would save Noe and make him the second head of the human race. Who was the first head of the human race? Adam was the first head of the human race. What did God command Noe to do? God commanded Noe to build a large boat. What was the boat called? The boat was called the Ark. What was the size of the Ark? The Ark was three hundred cubits long, fifty broad, and thirty high. How much was a cubit? A cubit was about two feet. How was the Ark built ? It was divided into three stories; it had a large window in the roof and a door on the side, and the outside and inside were covered with pitch. ♦ 40 The Primitive Ages . How long was Noe building the Ark? Noe was one hundred years building the Ark. Did Noe do anything else during this time? Yes, he preached penance to the people. Which attribute of God does this manifest? It manifests His mercy and forbearance. Did the preaching of Noe have any effect on the people? No, they resisted the grace of God. What must we do in order that God’s grace may be efficacious? In order that God's grace may be efficacious we must co-operate with it. What sin did they commit by resisting the grace of God? They committed a sin against the Holy Ghost. What did God do when the time of His mercy had elapsed? He commanded Noe and his family to enter the Ark; then He sent the punishment He had threatened. Did God command Noe to take anything with him into the Ark? Yes, God commanded Noe to take with him into the Ark two of every kind of living creatures. How was the Deluge caused? “ The fountains of the great deep were broken up, and the flood-gates of heaven were opened/’ What is the meaning of these words? They mean that the waters of the seas and lakes overflowed their shores, and the rain fell from the clouds unceasingly. Noe's Saci'iftce.—Ilis Children . 41 To how many causes was the Deluge due? It was due to two causes. How long did the rain fall? It fell forty days and forty nights. What was the consequence of the flood? The waters rose above the highest mountains, and every living being outside of the Ark perished. Of what is the Ark a figure? The Ark is a figure of the Catholic Church. God Himself commanded Noe to build the Ark, Jesus Christ, the Son of God, founded the Church; there was only one Ark, so there is only one Church; outside of the Ark none could be saved, outside of the Church there is no salvation; the Ark did not perish, neither will the Church. Is the Ark also a figure of the Blessed Virgin? Yes, the Ark was the instrument God used to save Yoe; Mary was the instrument God used to give a Saviour to the world. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it that, although God is in¬ finitely merciful, He will finally punish all who resist His grace. VIII. NOE’S SACRIFICE.—HIS CHILDREN. What does this lesson relate? It relates that Noe left the Ark and offered sacri¬ fice, and how his sons behaved towards him. How long did the Deluge last? It lasted one hundred and fifty days. How did God put an end to the Deluge? He sent a warm wind that evaporated the waters. 42 The Primitive Ages. Where did the Ark rest? It rested on a mountain in Armenia, probably Mount Ararat. Where is Armenia? It is in Asia, south of the Caucasus Mountains. How did Noe try to find out whether the waters had subsided? He sent out a raven which did not return. What could Noe conclude from this? He could conclude that at least the tops of the mountains were free from water, as the raven had found food. How did Noe try to find out whether the fields were still covered with water? He sent out a dove. Did the dove return? Yes, the dove returned. What did this show? It showed that the fields were still covered with water, as the dove had no place to rest. How did Noe finally find out that the waters had entirely disappeared ? After seven days he sent out the dove again, and it returned in the evening carrying in its mouth a branch of an olive tree, with green leaves. What did he conclude from this? He concluded from this that the waters had sub¬ sided enough to let the olive trees appear. Did he leave the Ark at once ? No, he waited seven days; then he sent out the dove again, but it did not return. Noe's Sacrifice.—His Children. . 43 What did this show? It showed that the fields were free from water, for the dove had found rest. What did Noe do immediately after leaving the Ark? Immediately after leaving the Ark he erected an altar and offered sacrifice in thanksgiving to the Lord. Why was Noe’s sacrifice pleasing to God? Noe’s sacrifice was pleasing to God because it showed that he was grateful to God for having pre¬ served him and his family. How many ways may we worship God? We may worship God interiorly or exteriorly. How do we worship God interiorly? We worship God interiorly by acts of faith, hope, and charity, and other kinds of mental prayer. How do we worship God exteriorly ? We worship God exteriorly by vocal prayer and sacrifice. How do we know that God was pleased with Noe’s sacrifice ? We know that God was pleased with Noe’s sacrifice because He blessed Noe and his sons and made a cove¬ nant with them. What was this covenant? This covenant was a promise God gave never to destroy the world again by water. What was the sign of the covenant? The rainbow was the sign of the covenant. Of whom is Noe a type? Noe is a type of Jesus Christ. Noe built the Ark to save men from the Deluge, Christ founded His 44 The Primitive Ages. Church to save men from eternal perdition; Noe offered sacrifice to the Lord, Christ offered Himself in sacrifice; Noe was the second father of the human race, Christ is the spiritual Father of all men. What were the names of Noe’s sons? Noe’s sons were called Sem, Cham, and Japheth. What happened to Noe on one occasion? Not knowing the strength of the wine, he drank too much and became intoxicated. Was this a sin? No, because he did not know that wine was so in¬ toxicating. What did Cham do when he saw his father in this condition ? When he saw his father intoxicated and uncovered, he called his brothers and ridiculed his father. Against which Commandments did Cham sin? Cham sinned against the fourth and sixth Com¬ mandments. How did he sin against the sixth Commandment? lie sinned against the sixth Commandment by not turning away when he saw his father uncovered. How did he sin against the fourth Commandment ? He sinned against the fourth Commandment by not showing due respect to his parent. What did Sem and Japheth do when they saw their father’s condition? They turned their eyes away from him and covered him with a cloak. "Which virtues did they practise by doing this ? They practised the virtues of modesty, filial love, and respect. The Tower of Babel .— Universal Idolatry. 45 How did Noe reward them? He blessed them. How did he punish Cham ? He cursed him. How will God punish children who do not honor their parents ? God will punish them by shame and disgrace in this life, and everlasting damnation in the next. How will He reward children who honor their parents ? God will bless them with a long life and happiness here, and will give them eternal happiness hereafter. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it: (1), To thank God morn¬ ing and night for all His benefits; (2), To be modest in dressing and undressing; (3), To love and honor our parents. IX. THE TOWER OF BABEL.—UNIVERSAL IDOLATRY. What does this lesson relate ? It relates that the descendants of Noe tried to build a very high tower, were dispersed, and fell into idolatry. Why did they try to build the tower? They tried to build the tower to make themselves famous. What sin did they commit ? They committed the sin of pride. To what class of sins does pride belong? Pride is one of the seven capital sins. 46 The Primitive Ages . Why are they called “ capital ” sins ? They are called “ capital” sins from the Latin word caput, head or source, because all sins flow from them. Where did the descendants of Noe wish to build the tower? They wished to build it in Babel, or Babylon, a city on the banks of the Euphrates. Did God frustrate their plans? Yes, God frustrated their plans by causing them to misunderstand each other. What was the result of the confusion of languages? They could not understand each other, so they were obliged to cease building the tower. What was another consequence of the confusion of languages? The descendants of Noe were scattered over the world as a consequence of the confusion of languages. Whither did they go ? Seni's descendants remained in Asia, Cham’s went to Africa, and Japheth’s went to Europe. How was the blessing of Noe fulfilled in Sem? Sem was the father of the people of Israel, whence sprung the Messias. How was the blessing fulfilled in Japheth? The descendants of Japheth conquered the land of Clianaan, and when the Jews rejected the Redeemer they became the chosen people. How was Noe’s curse fulfilled in Cham? The descendants of Cham were the negroes of Africa, who lived in barbarism and slavery. The Tower of Babel .— Universal Idolatry. 47 Did all the descendants of Noe worship the one true God after the separation ? Only a small part remained faithful to the service of the one true God; the most of them fell into idolatry. Who are idolaters? Idolaters are those who worship false gods. What do we call those who practise idolatry? We call those who practise idolatry heathens. "What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it: (1), To thank God that we are members of the true Church; (2), To pray for the conversion of the heathen; (3), To join, if possible, the Confraternity of the Holy Childhood. THE HISTORY OF THE PEOPLE OF ISRAEL. X. THE CALL AND OBEDIENCE OF THE PATRIARCH ABRAHAM. What does this lesson relate? It relates that God made Abraham the father of the Israelites, and assigned to him and to his descendants the land of Chanaan. What have we already heard about the descendants of Noe? We have heard that many were wicked and godless, hut some of them good and faithful in the worship of the one true God. To which class did Abraham belong? He belonged to those who were good and faithful. For what was Abraham distinguished ? He was distinguished for his great faith. How do we know that Abraham was distinguished for his faith? We know that Abraham was distinguished for his faith because he worshiped the one true God, 48 Call and Obedience of the Patriarch Abraham. 49 Where did Abraham live ? He lived in Haran. In what country was Haran ? Ilaran was in Chaldea. What did God command Abraham? He commanded Abraham to leave Haran. Why did God give him this command? God gave Abraham this command because his people had fallen into idolatry. What mission had God chosen for Abraham? He had chosen him to keep alive the faith in one God and a coming Redeemer. Was it hard for Abraham to obey the command of God? Yes, it was very hard; because he had to leave his native country and his relatives and go into a strange land. How did God help Abraham to obey His command? God helped Abraham to obey His command by giving him a twofold promise: (1), That He would make him the father of a great people; (2), That through him (one of his descendants) all the nations of the earth would be blessed. How did God express this promise to Abraham? God said to him: “I will make of thee a great nation, and I will bless thee and magnify thy name . . . and in thee shall all the kindreds of the earth he blessed.” To what did the latter part of the promise refer? It referred to the blessings which the coming Re¬ deemer would bring down upon the whole world. 50 The History of the People of Israel. Where did God first promise a Redeemer? God first promised a Redeemer in the garden of paradise. What did God say? He said to the serpent, “ I will place enmities be¬ tween thee and the woman, between her seed and thy seed, and she shall crush thy head.” What is the difference between this promise and the one made to Abraham? The promise made to Abraham is more definite. Did Abraham obey God’s command? Yes, he obeyed God’s command. What was the characteristic virtue of Abraham? Faith was the characteristic virtue of Abraham. What is faith? Faith is a divine virtue by which we believe all that God has revealed, because lie can neither deceive nor be deceived. Why must we believe all that God has revealed ? We must believe all that God has revealed, because God can not deceive us, nor be deceived. Which were the qualities of Abraham’s faith? Abraham’s faith was: (1), Universal; (2), Firm; (3), Lively; (4), Constant. Why was Abraham’s faith universal? Abraham’s faith was universal because lie believed all that God had revealed. Why was it firm? It was firm because he believed without the least doubt. Why was it lively? It was lively because be lived up to his faith. Abraham'’s Love of Peace. — Melchisedecli. 51 Why was it constant ? It was constant because he was ready to make any sacrifice for it. How did Abraham obey the command of God? He set out at once with his wife Sarai, his nephew Lot, his servants and cattle. Whither did God lead Abraham? God led Abraham into the land of Chanaan. What did Abraham do upon entering the land of Chanaan? Upon entering the.land of Chanaan he erected an altar. What did Abraham show by this ? He showed his piety and gratitude. What should we learn from the example of Abra¬ ham? We should learn from him to obey our parents and superiors promptly and, willingly. XI. ABRAHAM’S LOVE OF PEACE.— MELCHISEDECH. What does this lesson relate? It relates how peaceable and unselfish Abraham was, and how Melchisedech offered sacrifice. Whom do we call peaceable ? We call peaceable one who loves peace, and tries to keep it. How did Abraham show his love of peace ? He showed his love of peace by settling the dispute which had arisen between his herdsmen and Lot’s. 52 The History of the People of Israel. What was the cause of the dispute ? The pasture was not sufficient for the herds of both. How did it happen that the pasture was not suffi¬ cient for both? The pasture was not sufficient for both because they had grown very rich, and possessed much cattle. How did Abraham settle the dispute? lie settled the dispute by deciding that they had to separate, and by giving Lot permission to go where he pleased and promising not to interfere with him. What did Abraham say to Lot? He said to him: “Let there be no quarrel, I be¬ seech thee, between me and thee, and between my herdsmen and thy herdsmen; for we are brethren. Be¬ hold, the whole land is before thee; depart from me, I pray thee; if thou wilt go to the left hand, I will take the right; if thou choose the right hand, I will pass to the left.” Which other virtue of Abraham did this show? It showed his unselfishness. How did Abraham show that he was unselfish? lie showed that he was unselfish by giving the choice of the best land to Lot. Did Abraham have a better right to the best land? Yes, Abraham had a better right to the best land because God had called him and not Lot to the land of Chanaan. Was Lot as unselfish as Abraham? Yo, Lot was not as unselfish as Abraham, for he chose the most fertile land, along the southern bank of the Jordan. Abraham's Love of Peace .— Melchisedech . 53 What was the country called that Lot chose ? It was called Sodom and Gomorrha. How did God punish Lot for his selfishness ? God permitted Lot to be taken captive by strange kings, and to lose all his worldly goods in the destruc¬ tion of Sodom in punishment for his selfishness. How did Abraham return the selfishness of Lot? Abraham returned the selfishness of Lot by pursu¬ ing the kings who had taken Lot prisoner, rescuing him, and restoring to him all his possessions. What virtue did Abraham practise by doing this ? He practised the virtue of charity, or brotherly love. Which were the qualities of Abraham’s charity? Abraham’s charity was sincere, or practical and un¬ selfish. Why was it sincere ? It was sincere because he not only sympathized with Lot but actually helped him. Why was it unselfish? It was unselfish because Abraham did not retain any of the booty for himself. Which are the qualities of true brotherly love ? True brotherly love must be sincere, unselfish, and universal. When is our charity or brotherly love universal ? Our charity is universal when it includes all men, enemies as well as friends. Who are especially recommended to our charity in Holy Scripture ? The poor, the widow and orphan, and all who are in temporal or spiritual distress are especially recom¬ mended to our charity. 54 The History of the People of Israel. How are we to help the poor and those who are in distress? We are to help them by practising the spiritual and corporal works of mercy. Name the corporal works of mercy. The corporal works of mercy are: (1), To give food to the hungry; (2), To give drink to the thirsty; (3), To clothe the naked; (4), To ransom the captive; (5), To harbor the harborless; (6), To visit the sick; (7), To bury the dead. Which of these did Abraham exercise? lie exercised the fourth. Who was Melchisedech? Melchisedech was a king and a priest, who went out with the kings of Sodom to meet Abraham. What did he do? At the request of Abraham he offered sacrifice. What did he offer? Melchisedech offered bread and wine. What did Abraham give him in return ? Abraham gave him the tithes of the booty. Of whom was Melchisedech a type? Melchisedech was a type of Christ. How was Melchisedech a type of Christ? Melchisedech was a king, so is Christ; Melchisedech was a priest, so is Christ; Melchisedech offered bread and wine, Christ offers Himself in the Mass under the appearances of bread and wine; Melchisedech blessed Abraham, Christ in the Mass blesses the whole world. The Law of Circumcision. 55 Of what sacrifice was Melchisedech’s a type ? Melchisedech’s sacrifice was a type of the sacrifice of the Mass. What is the Mass? The Mass is the unbloody sacrifice of the cross. How many sacrifices are there in the New Law? In the New Law there is only one, the Sacrifice of the Mass. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from this lesson to be kind and charitable to all. XII. THE LAW OF CIRCUMCISION.—ABRA¬ HAM’S FAITH AND HOSPITALITY. What does this lesson relate? It relates how circumcision was instituted, how Abraham was rewarded for his faith, and how hospit¬ able he was to strangers. When did Abraham show his faith? He showed his faith when God promised to protect him and give him a numerous posterity. How did he show his faith ? He showed his faith by believing God at once. "When did God promise to protect him? God promised to protect him when he said to Abra¬ ham: “Fear not, ... I am thy protector, and thy re¬ ward exceeding great.” Why did Abraham fear? He feared that the conquered kings would return to take revenge. 50 The History of the People of Israel . When did God promise him a numerous posterity? God promised a numerous posterity to Abraham when He said to him: “ Look up to heaven and number the stars, if thou canst... So shall thy seed be.” How did God reward Abraham’s faith? God rewarded Abraham's faith: (1), By renewing His promise of a numerous posterity; (2), By promis¬ ing him that bis wife Sara would bring forth a son; (3), By making a covenant with him and his descend¬ ants. How did God renew His promise of a numerous pos¬ terity ? God said to Abraham: on the Apostles. What should we learn from this lesson ? We should learn from it to keep all the Command¬ ments. The Golden Calf. 129 XXXVIII. THE GOLDEN CALF. % What does this lesson relate? It relates that the Israelites, during the absence of Moses on Mount Sinai, adored a golden calf. Why did Moses go up again to Mount Sinai ? Moses went up again to Mount Sinai, because God commanded him. Why did God command Moses to go up again to Mount Sinai? God wished to instruct Moses concerning the cere¬ monial of divine worship, and to give him the two tables of stone on which were inscribed the ten Com¬ mandments. Of what were the tables of stone to remind the Israelites ? The tables of stone were to remind the Israelites of the unchangeableness of the ten Commandments. What did the Israelites do during Moses’ absence ? During Moses’ absence they induced Aaron to make a golden calf, which they adored. What sin did Aaron commit? Aaron was accessory to the sin of the Israelites; he sinned by consent. What sin did the Israelites commit? They committed the sin of idolatry. How is the sin of idolatry committed ? Idolatry is committed by paying divine worship to a creature. Which Commandment did the Israelites break by adoring the golden calf? By adoring the golden calf, they broke the first Commandment. 130 Development of the People of Israel. How do we know that the Israelites committed a mortal sin? We know that the Israelites committed a mortal sin, because the three conditions necessary to make a sin mortal were fulfilled: a grievous matter, sufficient re¬ flection, and full consent of the will. What aggravated the sin of the Israelites? Two things especially aggravated the sin of the Israelites: their ingratitude, and their failure to keep the covenant with God. What did Moses do when he saw the sin of the people? When Moses saw the sin of the people he dashed the tables of stone to the ground, rebuked Aaron, destroyed the idol, and had the idolaters put to death. Why did Moses inflict such a severe punishment? Moses inflicted such a severe punishment: (1), Be¬ cause he was enraged at the sin of his people; (2), To make them realize the enormity of their infidelity to God. Was Moses’ anger sinful? No, Moses’ anger was not sinful, because it was actuated by zeal for the honor of God, and the salva¬ tion of his people. How did Moses show his love for the people? Moses showed his love for the people by praying to God for them. Did God hear the prayer of Moses ? Yes, God heard the prayer of Moses, for He par¬ doned the Israelites. The Erection of the Tabernacle. 131 How did God show that He pardoned the Israelites ? God showed that He pardoned the Israelites by giv¬ ing the ten Commandments a second time to Moses on tables of stone. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to keep faithfully the baptismal vows that we renewed at our first holy com¬ munion. XXXIX. THE ERECTION OF THE TABERNACLE. What does this lesson relate? It relates how Moses erected the tabernacle and adorned it. Who commanded Moses to build the tabernacle? God commanded him. When did God command Moses to build the taber¬ nacle ? God commanded Moses to build the tabernacle the first time he remained for forty days on Mount Sinai. Why did God command Moses to build the taber¬ nacle ? God commanded Moses to build the tabernacle so that the Israelites might have a place of worship. Of what was the tabernacle built? The tabernacle was built of the most precious wood. Was it stationary? No, it was portable; it could be carried from place to place. Why was it necessary for the Israelites to have a portable tabernacle? It was necessary to have a portable tabernacle because the Israelites were continually moving from place to place in their journey through the desert. 132 Development of the People of Israel. How large was the tabernacle ? The tabernacle was thirty cubits long, ten high, and ten wide. How was it divided? It was divided into two parts, the sanctuary and the holy of holies. What did the holy of holies contain ? The holy of holies contained the ark of the cove¬ nant. What did the ark of the covenant contain? The ark of the covenant contained: (1), The tables of the Law; (2), A vase filled with manna; (3), The rod of Aaron. Of what did the tables of the Law remind the Israelites? The tables of the Law reminded the Israelites of the covenant they had made with God. Of what did the manna and the rod of Aaron re¬ mind them? The manna and the rod of Aaron reminded them of God’s providence. How was the ark covered? The ark was covered with a lid of purest gold, and on either side knelt a cherubim. Why were the cherubim placed on the ark? The cherubim were placed on the ark to remind the people of the presence of God. Who was allowed to enter the holy of holies? Only the high-priest was allowed to enter the holy of holies. What was in the sanctuary ? In the sanctuary was: (1), A table on which were The Erection of the Tabernacle. 133 placed the loaves of . proposition; (2), The seven- branched candlestick; (3), The altar of incense. What did the loaves of proposition signify? The loaves of proposition signified the thanksgiving offering of the twelve tribes. What did the seven-branched candlestick signify? The seven-branched candlestick signified the many graces that God had bestowed on the children of Israel. What did the altar of incense signify? The altar of incense signified the prayers of the people that ascended to God. Who was allowed to enter the sanctuary? Only the priests were allowed to enter the sanctuary. Of what was the tabernacle a figure? The tabernacle was a figure of the Catholic Church. How was the tabernacle a figure of the Church? God had the tabernacle built by Moses, the Church was founded by Christ; there was only one tabernacle, there is but one true Church; God showered His graces on the Israelites while they prayed in the tabernacle, He bestows His graces on us through the Church’s ad¬ ministration of the sacraments. What did Moses erect around the tabernacle ? Moses erected a court, or guard, around the taber¬ nacle. What did Moses place in the court ? In the court he placed the altar of holocausts and a brazen la-ver for the priests. For whom was the court? The court was for the people. 134 Development of the People of Israel . For what was the altar of holocausts used? The altar of holocausts was used for the daily sacri¬ fices. For what was the laver used? The laver was used for the ablutions of the priests. Who consecrated the tabernacle? Moses consecrated the tabernacle. With what did he consecrate it? Moses consecrated the tabernacle with holy oil. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to enter the house of God with reverence and devotion. XL. LAWS REGULATING DIVINE WORSHIP. What does this lesson relate? It relates that God gave certain laws for the regu¬ lation of divine worship. What part did Moses take in regulating divine worship? Moses (1), Established sacrifices; (2), Appointed feasts; and (3), Consecrated high priests and priests. What is a sacrifice? A sacrifice is the destruction of an offering by a priest to God alone to acknowledge that He is the Lord of all things. Why is sacrifice the highest form of divine wor¬ ship? Sacrifice is the highest form of divine worship be¬ cause by it we pay God the highest possible honor. Laws Regulating Divine Worship. 135 How do we pay God the highest honor by sacri¬ fice? We pay God the highest honor hy sacrifice because by destroying the offering we acknowledge that God is the Lord of life and death. How many kinds of sacrifices did Moses institute ? Moses instituted two kinds of sacrifices: bloody and unbloody. Of what did the bloody sacrifices consist? The bloody sacrifices consisted of sheep, goats, oxen, etc. Why were the bloody sacrifices offered up? The bloody sacrifices were offered up: (1), To adore God (the holocaust); (2), To ask His pardon; (3), To thank Him; (4)^ To obtain favors. What was a holocaust? A holocaust was a sacrifice in which every part of the victim was consumed by fire. How was the sacrifice of atonement offered? In the sacrifice of atonement the fat of the animal was burnt, and the rest of the meat was given to the priest. How were the sacrifices of thanksgiving and peti¬ tion offered? In the sacrifices of thanksgiving and petition the fat of the animal was burnt, and the rest of the meat was divided between the priest and the people. How many kinds of unbloody sacrifices were there ? There were two kinds of unbloody sacrifices: (1), Offerings of food; (2), Offerings of drink. 136 Development of the People of Israel, Of what did the food offerings consist? The food offerings consisted of unleavened bread and meal. How were the food offerings made? A part of the food was burnt, and the rest was given to the priest. Of what did the drink offerings consist? The drink offerings consisted of wine. How was the drink offering made? The drink offering was made by pouring out the wine at the foot of the altar. Of what were the sacrifices of the Old Law a type ? The bloody sacrifices were a type of the sacrifice on the cross, the unbloody sacrifices were a type of the Mass. Did the sacrifices of the Old Law produce of them¬ selves any grace? Xo, the sacrifices of the Old Law had of themselves only the effect of making the one who offered them clean in the eyes of the Law, and in case that he who offered the sacrifice believed in God, hoped in the Messias, and was truly sorry for his sins, he obtained pardon in view of the merits of the coming Redeemer. What does the Church -command in her second commandment ? In her second commandment the Church commands us to fast and abstain on the days appointed. How many feasts did Moses introduce? Moses introduced: (1), The feast of the Pasch or Passover; (2), Pentecost; (3), The feast of the Taber¬ nacles; (4), A day of atonement. Laws Regulating Divine Worship. 137 Of what was the Pasch to remind the people ? The Pasch was to remind the people of their free¬ dom from the bondage of Egypt. Of what was the Jewish Passover a figure? The Jewish Passover was a figure of our Easter. Of what was Pentecost to remind the people? Pentecost was to remind them of the Law given on Mount Sinai. Of what was the Jewish Pentecost a figure? The Jewish Pentecost was a figure of the Christian Pentecost. Of what was the feast of the Tabernacles to remind the people? The feast of the Tabernacles was to remind the people of the benefits which God had bestowed on them during their journey through the desert. Of what was the feast of the Tabernacles a figure? The feast of the Tabernacles was a. figure of our Corpus Christi. What were the Israelites obliged to do on the day of atonement? On the day of atonement the Israelites were obliged to fast, pray, and to do penance for their sins by sacri¬ ficing the victim of atonement. Did the sacrifice of atonement obtain forgiveness of sin? No, of itself the sacrifice of atonement could not obtain forgiveness of sin; but if the one who offered the sacrifice believed in God and the coming Messias, and was truly repentant of his sins, in view of the merits of the coming Redeemer, he could obtain pardon for his sins. 138 Development of the People of Israel. Of what does the day of atonement remind us? The day of atonement reminds us of Good Friday. What does the Church command in her first com¬ mandment ? In her first commandment the Church commands us to hear Mass on Sundays and holydays of obligation. Whom did Moses consecrate high-priest? Moses consecrated Aaron high-priest. How did he consecrate Aaron? He purified Aaron with water, and after many . other ceremonies finally poured oil upon his head. What were the rights of the high-priest? The high-priest enjoyed all the rights of the priest; moreover he was entitled to enter the holy of holies once a year, anointed the kings, and on great feast-days blessed the people. Whom did Moses ordain priests? Moses ordained the sons of Aaron priests. How did he ordain them? He ordained them by purifying them with water, and anointing them. What were the rights of the priests ? The priests offered sacrifice and prayed for the peo¬ ple; they were authorized to light the seven-branched candlestick, prepare and partake of the loaves of proposition, and to decide cases of law. Whom did Moses ordain Levites? Moses ordained the members of the tribe of Levi, Levites. What were the duties of the Levites? The Levites assisted the priests at the sacrifice, sang Laws Regulating Divine Worship. 139 at divine service, and were entrusted with the care of the tabernacle. Of what was the priesthood of the Old Law a figure ? The priesthood of the Old Law was a figure of the priesthood of the New Law. How was the priesthood of the Old Law a figure of the priesthood of the New Law? The priesthood of the Old Law had three degrees, so has the priesthood of the New Law: bishops, priests, and ministers; there was only one high-priest, there is only one visible head of the Church, the Pope; the priests of the Old Law offered bloody sacrifices, the priests of the New Law offer the unbloody sacrifice of the Mass. Why did Christ appoint a visible head over His Church ? Christ appointed a visible head over His Church, because the Church being visible must have a visible head. Who are the successors of St. Peter as visible head of the Church? The Popes, the bishops of Rome, are the successors of St. Peter. Who are the successors of all the other Apostles ? The successors of all the other Apostles are the bishops in union with the Pope. Who assist the bishops in the administration of their office? The priests assist the bishops in the administration of their office. 140 Development of the People of Israel. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it: (1), To assist with devo¬ tion at the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass; (2), To respect the priests of the Church of God. XLI. THE SPIES. What does this lesson relate? It relates that the Israelites sent spies into^the land of Chanaan. Why did Moses send the spies into the land of Chanaan? Moses sent the spies to gain information of the condition of Chanaan and its inhabitants. How long were the spies gone? They were gone forty days. What did they report on their return? They reported that the land of Chanaan was very fertile, but that its inhabitants were superior in strength to the Israelites, and that their cities were well fortified. Was their report true? It was true that the land was fertile, but the strength of the inhabitants was exaggerated. What sin did the spies commit? They committed the sin of lying. What impression did the report of the spies make upon the people? The people began to curse and murmur against Moses and Aaron, and threatened to kill Josue and Caleb, two of the spies who remained faithful to Moses. The Spies. 141 Who incited the people to rebel against Moses ? The spies incited them. Did all the spies incite the people against Moses ? No, Josue and Caleb remained faithful to Moses, and tried to dissuade the people from rebellion. What sins did the Israelites commit on this occa¬ sion? They murmured against God, cursed, rebelled against lawful authority, and were guilty of murder in thought. What does “ to curse ” mean ? To curse means to wish another evil and is usually connected with abuse of the name of God. How do we sin against lawful authority ? We sin against lawful authority: (1), By criticising and speaking disrespectfully of those in authority; (2), By resisting and rebelling against authority. How do we sin against the life of our neighbor? We sin against the life of our neighbor: (1) 7 By taking his life unjustly, by striking or injuring him; (2), By embittering or shortening his life by cruel treatment. Does the fifth Commandment forbid only the act of murder ? No, it also forbids whatever may lead to murder, anger, hatred, quarrelling^ revenge, and had example. Which attributes of God does this lesson show? It shows God’s justice and mercy. How does it show that God is just? It shows that God is just because He punished the spies with sudden death. How does it show that God is merciful? It shows that God is merciful, because He heard 142 Development of the People of Israel . the prayer of Moses and forgave the sins of the Israelites. Did God also remit the temporal punishment? No, in punishment for their sins God decreed that none of the adults should enter the Promised Land. Is all the temporal punishment due to sin always remitted in the Sacrament of Penance? No, all the temporal punishment due to sin is not always remitted in the Sacrament of Penance. How may the temporal punishment due to sin be remitted ? The temporal punishment due to sin may be re¬ mitted by indulgences, by prayer, fasting, and other good works. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to speak the name of God with reverence, to abstain from lying and profane words. XLII. THE REVOLT OF CORE AND HIS PUNISHMENT. What does this lesson relate? It relates that God punished Core, Dathan and Abiron for their rebellion against Moses, and confirmed the priesthood of Aaron in a miraculous manner. What sin did Core, Dathan, and Abiron commit? They rebelled against lawful authority. In what did their rebellion consist ? They refused to acknowledge the leadership of Moses and the priesthood of Aaron. The Doubt of Moses.—The Brazen Serjpent. 143 Why did Christ institute the priesthood ? Christ instituted the priesthood in order to apply to men’s souls the fruits of His Redemption. Which are the principal powers of a priest ? The principal powers of a priest are: (1), To offer the Sacrifice of the Mass; (2) 5 To forgive sins. Do priests exercise these powers in their own name? No, they exercise these powers in the name of Jesus Christ. Does the worthiness or unworthiness of priests affect the graces of the Mass and the sacraments ? No, because the virtue of the Mass and the sacra¬ ments is not derived from the merits of the priest, but from the merits of Jesus Christ. How did God punish the rebels? He punished them with sudden death. How did God confirm the priesthood of Aaron ? God commanded Moses to have a prince of each tribe place a rod in the tabernacle; and he whose rod would blossom should be the chosen one of God. Only Aaron’s rod blossomed. What should we learn from this lesson ? We should learn from it to respect and obey tem¬ poral and spiritual authority. XLIII. THE DOUBT OF MOSES.—THE BRAZEN SERPENT. What does this lesson relate? It relates that God punished Moses for doubting His mercy, and how the Israelites who were stung by poisonous serpents were healed. 144 Development of the People of Israel. What did God command Moses? God commanded Moses to take the rod of Aaron from the tabernacle, and to strike the rock for water. Did Moses obey the command of God? Yes, but he doubted whether God would give water to the ungrateful Israelites. What did Moses say? Moses said: “ Hear, ye rebellious and incredulous: Can we bring you forth water out of this rock? ” Which attribute of God did Moses doubt? Moses doubted God’s mercy. Was this doubt of Moses a mortal sin? No, it was only a venial sin. Why was it only a venial sin ? It was only a venial sin because it was not com¬ mitted with sufficient reflection. Did God punish Moses even for this venial sin? Yes, Moses was forbidden to enter the Promised Land. Should we avoid only mortal sins? No, we should also avoid venial sins. Why should we avoid venial sins? We should avoid venial sins: (1), Because they of¬ fend God; (2), They weaken our power to resist tempta¬ tion; (3), Because they deserve temporal punishment; (4), Because they often lead to mortal sin. How did Moses accept his punishment? Moses accepted his punishment humbly, without a murmur. What sin did the Israelites commit on this occa¬ sion? The Israelites became tired of their wandering through the desert and began to murmur against God. The Doubt of Moses.—The Brazen Serpent. 145 How did God punish them? God punished them by sending poisonous serpents among them. Was their sting fatal? Yes, and many Israelites were stung by them. To whom did the Israelites appeal in their neces¬ sity? They appealed to Moses to intercede for them with almighty God. Are we allowed to honor and pray to the saints ? Yes, for the Church teaches us that it is proper and wholesome to honor and pray to the saints. (Feast of All Saints.) What is the difference between the honor which we pay to God and that which we pay to the saints? (1), We honor God because He is our Lord and Master, we honor the saints because they are the friends of our Lord and Master; (2), We honor God on account of Himself, we honor the saints on account of the graces they have received from God. How did God hear the prayer of Moses ? God said to Moses: “ Make a brazen serpent, and set it up for a sign: whosoever being struck shall look on it, shall live.” Which attribute of God does this show? It shows His mercy. Of what is the brazen serpent a figure ? The brazen serpent is a figure of Christ on the cross. Why is the brazen serpent a figure of Christ on the cross ? The brazen serpent was set up for the stricken peo¬ ple of Israel, Christ was raised on the cross for the sin- 146 Development of the People of Israel . stricken world; all the Israelites who looked upon the brazen serpent were cured of the sting of the poisonous serpents; all who look with lively faith upon the cross of Christ are cured of the sting of Satan. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to avoid as much as pos¬ sible all deliberate venial sins. XLIV. BALAAM’S PROPHECY. What does this lesson relate ? It relates that Balaam prophesied many things of the Redeemer. Who was Balaam ? Balaam was a Moabite soothsayer who acknowl¬ edged the one true God. Where did the Moabites live? The Moabites lived east of the Jordan. Why did Balac, the king of the Moabites, send for Balaam ? Balac, the king of the Moabites, sent for Balaam to curse the Israelites; but instead of cursing them, God impelled him to bless them. What did Balaam prophesy concerning the Re¬ deemer? Balaam prophesied: (1), That the Redeemer would come, but after a long time; (2), That He would spring from the people of Israel; (3), That He would be a great light; (4), That He would found a kingdom over which He would rule. Repeat the words of Balaam. The following were the words of Balaam: “ I shall The Parting Advice and Death of Moses. 147 see Him, but not now. I shall behold Him, but not near. A star shall rise out of Jacob, and a sceptre shall spring up from Israel; and shall strike the chiefs of Moab, and shall waste the children of Seth.” How was this prophecy fulfilled? This prophecy was fulfilled after fourteen hundred years,, when Jesus was born (according to the flesh) of a descendant of Jacob, became the light of the world and founded His Church, which He will rule till the end of time. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to abstain from cursing others. XLV. THE PARTING ADVICE AND DEATH OF MOSES. What does this lesson relate ? It relates that Moses appointed Josue his successor, and after having given his people some parting advice and taken leave of them, withdrew to Mount Nebo, where he died. Who commanded Moses to make Josue his suc¬ cessor? God commanded him. How did God command him? God said to Moses: “ Take Josue the son of Nun, a man in whom is the Spirit, and put thy hand upon him.” Where did Moses fulfil God’s command? Moses fulfilled the command of God in the presence of all the people. 148 Development of the People of Israel . Why did he do this in the presence of all the people? Moses appointed Josue in the presence of the peo¬ ple in order that they might know that they were to obey Josue after his own departure. How did Moses bid farewell to the people? Moses hade farewell to the people of Israel in a sermon. What did Moses’ farewell sermon contain? It contained: (1), An admonition; (2), A promise; (3), A prophecy. What did Moses admonish the Israelites? Moses admonished the Israelites: (1), To keep the covenant with God; (2), To love God above all things; (3) , To be always grateful to God for all His favors; (4) , To bring up their children in the fear and love of God. How did Moses admonish the Israelites to keep the covenant? Moses admonished the Israelites to keep the cove¬ nant in the following words: “ Beware lest thou ever forget the covenant of the Lord thy God which He hath made with thee/’ How did Moses admonish them to love God above all things ? Moses admonished them to love God above all things in the following words: “ Hear, 0 Israel, the Lord Our God is one Lord. Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with thy whole heart, and with thy whole soul, and with thy whole strength.” How did Moses admonish the Israelites to be grate^ ful to God? Moses admonished the Israelites to be grateful in The Parting Advice and Death of Moses. 149 the following words: “ Take heed diligently lest thou forget the Lord who brought thee out of the land of Egypt, and out of the house of bondage.” How did he admonish them to bring up their chil¬ dren in the fear and love of God? He admonished them to bring up their children in the fear and love of God in the following words: “ Teach your children that they meditate on them [His words], w r hen thou sittest in thy house, and when thou walkest on the way, and when thou liest down and risest up.” What did Moses promise the Israelites ? Moses promised them the blessing of God if they kept His Commandments, and His curse if they neg¬ lected them. How did Moses promise them God’s blessing if they were faithful, and His curse otherwise? Moses said to them: “ Behold I set forth in your sight this day a blessing and a curse: a blessing if you obey the Commandments of the Lord your God, which I command you this day: a curse if you obey not the Commandments of the Lord your God.” What did Moses prophesy ? Moses prophesied that the Lord would raise up a great prophet from among them. Repeat the prophecy. “ The Lord thy God will raise up to thee a Prophet of thy nation and of thy brethren like unto me: Him thou shalt hear.” Who was this prophet ? This prophet was Jesus Christ. 150 Development of the People of Israel. Where did Moses die? Moses died on Mount Nebo. Where is Mount Nebo? Mount Nebo lies east of the Dead Sea. Why was Moses not permitted to enter the Promised Land? Moses was not permitted to enter the Promised Land because lie doubted that God would be merciful to the stiff-necked Israelites, and cause water to spring from the rock. Of whom is Moses a type? Moses is a type of Christ. How is Moses a type of Christ? Moses as a child was doomed to death but was rescued by Pharao’s daughter, Christ as a child was forced to flee from Herod, who sought His life; Moses left the court of Pharao to serve his people, Christ left His throne in heaven to save His people; Moses freed the Israelites from the bondage of Egypt, Christ freed the world from the bondage of Satan; Moses was the law-giver of the Old Law, Christ is the Law-giver of the New; Moses led his people into the Promised Land, Christ leads us to our home in heaven. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to be faithful to God by preserving sanctifying grace. The Israelites Enter the Promised Land. 151 XL VI. THE ISRAELITES ENTER THE PROMISED LAND.—JOSUE. What does this lesson relate ? It relates that God, through Josue, led the Israel¬ ites in a miraculous manner into the Promised Land. Who became the leader of the Israelites after Moses? After Moses, Josue became the leader of the Israelites. How did God encourage Josue? God said to Josue: “Behold I command thee, take courage, and be strong. Fear not, and be not dis¬ mayed: because the Lord thy God is with thee in all things whatsoever thou shalt go to.” Whither did Josue lead the Israelites at first? Josue at first led the Israelites to the banks of the Jordan. What preceded the procession of the Israelites ? The ark of the covenant, borne by the priests, pre¬ ceded the Israelites. What did the ark of the covenant signify? The ark of the covenant signified the presence of God. How did God lead the Israelites through the Jordan? God led the Israelites through the Jordan in the following manner: As soon as the priests bearing the ark touched the water of the Jordan, the waves from above stood still, and the water from below flowed into the Dead Sea; thus a dry space of land was left on which they crossed. 152 Development of the People of Israel. Where did the Israelites camp in the Promised Land? They camped near the city of Jericho. What feast did they celebrate immediately after crossing the Jordan? On the day following the crossing of the Jordan, the Israelites celebrated the feast of the Passover. Could the Israelites expect to take the city of Jericho by their own strength? No, because Jericho was strongly fortified. How were they able to take Jericho? God enabled them to take the city by a miracle. What did God command the Israelites to do ? God commanded the Israelites to march around the city once a day for six days, and on the seventh day thev were to march seven times, and the last time on hearing the trumpets of the priests all the people were to set up a shout. What happened then? The walls of Jericho fell, and the Israelites entered the city. What caused the destruction of the walls of Jericho? The almighty power of God caused the destruction of the walls of Jericho. Why did God perform this miracle for the Israelites ? God performed this miracle for the Israelites: (1), To confirm them in their faith; (2), To show them that He kept His promise. Of what is the Promised Land a figure ? The Promised Land is a figure of heaven. The Judges. — Gedeon. 153 Can we reach heaven by our own efforts alone? No, we need the grace of God. Of whom is Josue a type? Josue is a type of Jesus Christ. How is Josue a type of Christ? Josue led the Israelites through the Jordan into the Promised Land, Christ leads us through the waters of Baptism to heaven; Josue, by his victory, acquired a right to the Promised Land, Christ by His glorious victory over sin and death, acquired our title to heaven. What should we learn from this lesson ? We should learn from it to battle valiantly in temptations, and to be always a courageous soldier of Jesus Christ. XLVII. THE JUDGES.—GEDEON. What does this lesson relate? It relates that God permitted the Israelites to fall into the power of the heathens to punish their infidel¬ ity, and that as often as they repented He liberated them by the judges. Were the Israelites unfaithful to God after the death of Josue? Yes, they were unfaithful to God. In what did their infidelity consist? Their infidelity consisted in: (1), Intermarrying with the pagan nations around them; and (2), In fall¬ ing into the vices and idolatry of the pagans. So what was it that endangered the faith of the Israelites ? The intercourse with people who had no religion endangered the faith of the Israelites. 154 Development of the People of Israel. What were these pagan nations for the Israelites? They were the occasion of their sins. What do we mean by occasion of sin? By occasion of sin, we mean any person, place, or thing that usually leads to sin. What should we remember, if we are not ready to avoid the occasion of sin? Unless we are ready to avoid the occasion of sin, we should remember that the absolution of the priest does not remit our sins, but rather increases our guilt. How did God punish the Israelites for their sins? God punished the Israelites by allowing them to fall into the hands of pagan nations. Which attribute of God does this show? It shows God's justice. What effect did the punishment have on the Israelites? They confessed their sins and repented of them. Did God have mercy on them then? Yes; He sent them the judges, who delivered them from the hands of the pagan nations. What was the office of the judges? The office of the judges was twofold: (1), To liber¬ ate the Israelites and punish their enemies; (2), To bring the Israelites back to the true faith. Who was the most renowned of the judges? The most renowned of the judges was Gedeon. Which were the characteristic virtues of Gedeon? The characteristic virtues of Gedeon were humil¬ ity, obedience, and confidence in God. The Judges. — Gedeon . 155 How did he show his humility ? He showed his humility by considering himself weak and of little importance. What did he say when the angel commissioned him to deliver the Israelites from the hand of Madian? Gedeon replied: “ I am the least in my father’s house.” How did he show his obedience ? He showed his obedience by doing exactly what God had commanded. How did he show his confidence in God? He showed his confidence in God, because relying on the promise of God he did not fear to attack the Madianites, although he knew he was weak. How did God reward Gedeon for his virtues? God rewarded Gedeon by making him victorious over his enemies. Of whom is Gedeon a type? Gedeon is a type of Christ. How is Gedeon a type of Christ? Gedeon spent his youth in obscurity, Christ spent thirty years in the solitude of Nazareth; Gedeon con¬ quered a numerous army with a few warriors, Christ, with twelve Apostles, conquered the world; the war¬ riors of Gedeon went forth with trumpets and lamps to meet the enemy; the warriors of Christ go forth with the Gospel and the light of truth. How many types of Christ have we seen thus far ? We have seen the following types of Christ: Adam, Abel, Noe, Melchisedech, Isaac, Joseph, Moses, Josue, and Gedeon. 156 Development of the People of Israel. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to avoid the company of unbelievers and immoral people. XLVIII. RUTH’S AFFECTION FOR HER MOTHER-IN-LAW. What does this lesson relate ? It relates that God rewarded the virtues of Noemi’s daughter-in-law, Ruth ? and made her the ancestress of the Messias. Who was Noemi? Noemi was the widow of Elimelech. Who were her daughters-in-law? Her daughters-in-law were Orpha and Ruth. For which virtues was Noemi known? Noemi was known for her constant, lively faith, and sincere love of her neighbor. How did Noemi show that her faith was constant? Noemi showed that her faith was firm by preserving it while living among pagans. How did it happen that Noemi lived among pagans? At the time of a famine she and her husband and two sons went into the land of Moab (east of the Dead Sea). How do we know that Noemi’s faith was lively? We know that Noemi’s faith was lively because she lived up to it. How do we know that she lived up to her faith ? We know that she lived up to her faith because by her good example she converted her daughter-in-law, Ruth, to the true faith. Ruth? s Affection for Her Mother-in-law. 157 How do we know that Noemi’s love of her neighbor was sincere? We know that Noemi’s love of her neighbor was sin¬ cere because she did not want her daughter-in-law to support her and share her poverty. How did God reward Noemi? God rewarded her through Euth. For which virtues was Ruth known? Ruth was known for her faithfulness, her humility, industry, and modesty. How do we know that she was faithful ? We know that she was faithful because she would not leave Noemi. What did Ruth answer when Noemi asked her to depart ? Ruth answered: “Be not against me, ... for whithersoever thou shalt go, I will go. . . . Thy people shall he my people, and thy God my God. The land that shall receive thee dying, in the same will I die, and there will I be buried.” What do these words show? They show that it was Ruth’s intention: (1), To be always true to God; (2), To be faithful to Noemi in life and in death. How do we know that Ruth was humble ? We know that Ruth was humble because she asked permission of Noemi “ to glean the ears of corn that escaped from the hands of the reaper.” How do we know that Ruth was industrious ? We know that she was industrious because she fol¬ lowed the reapers continually. 158 Development of the People of Israel . How do we sin by sloth? We sin by sloth as often as we neglect the duties of our state of life because of our dislike for work. How do we know that Ruth was modest? We know that Ruth was modest from the words of Booz: “My daughter, all the people that dwell within the gates of my city, know that thou art a virtuous woman.” In what does Christian virtue consist ? Christian virtue consists in the firm will to do what¬ ever is pleasing to God. How did God reward the virtue of Ruth? God rewarded Ruth’s virtue by having Booz, a rich, God-fearing man, marry her, and by making her the ancestress of the Messias. Which were the virtues of Booz? Booz was pious, and loved his neighbor sincerely. How do we know that Booz was pious? We know that Booz was pious because he always greeted his people with “ The Lord be with you.” How do we know that Booz’s love of his neighbor was sincere? We know that Booz’s love of his neighbor was sin¬ cere because he gave food and drink to a poor widow, Ruth. How did God reward the piety and charity of Booz? God rewarded the piety and charity of Booz by giving him a virtuous wife, and making him an ances¬ tor of the Messias. Samuel.—The Wicked Sons of Heli. 159 How were Booz and Until the ancestors of the Messias? Booz and Ruth were the great-grandparents of David, of whose family the Messias was born. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it: (1), To be industrious; (2), To be kind to every one; (3), To be charitable to the poor. XLIX. SAMUEL.—THE MUCKED SONS OF HELI. What does this lesson relate ? It relates how Cod chose Samuel to liberate the people, and punished the wicked sons of Heli. For what were Elcana and his wife Anna known? They were known for their piety. How do we know that they were pious ? We know that they were pious because they had re¬ course to prayer in their affliction. What was their affliction? They had no children. For what did Anna pray ? She prayed for a son. How did she strengthen her prayer? She strengthened her prayer by a vow. What is a vow? A vow is a promise to do something pleasing to God, which we are not otherwise obliged to do. What did Anna vow? Anna said: “ 0 Lord of hosts, if Thou wilt look down, wilt be mindful of me, . . . and wilt give to Thy servant a man-child^ I will give him to the Lord all the days of his life.” 160 Development of the People of Israel , Was her prayer heard? Yes, God gave her a son whom she called Samuel, What does “ Samuel ” mean? “ Samuel ” means “ the one who was asked of God.” For which virtues was Samuel known? Samuel was known for his piety, obedience, kind¬ ness, and truthfulness. How do we know that Samuel was pious? We know that Samuel was pious because he was faithful to his holy vocation, and was not led astray by the bad example of Ileli’s sons. How do we know that he was obedient? We know that Samuel was obedient because he arose each time when his name was called. How do we know that Samuel was kind and con¬ siderate? We know that he was kind and considerate because he did not wish to grieve Heli by telling him what the Lord had revealed to him. How do we know that Samuel was truthful? We know that Samuel was truthful because, when questioned by Heli, he told him all that the Lord had revealed. What did the Lord reveal to Samuel? The Lord revealed to Samuel that He would punish Heli and his sons. Why did the Lord punish the sons of Heli? The Lord punished the sons of Heli because they desecrated the sanctuary, and performed their religious functions disrespectfully in the presence of the people. 161 Samuel.—The Wicked Sons of Ileli. What sins did the sons of Heli commit? They committed the sins of sacrilege and scandal. What is a sacrilege? A sacrilege is the abuse of a person, place, or thing consecrated to God. Why did God punish Heli? God punished Ileli because he was accessory to the sins of his sons. How many ways was Heli accessory to the sins of his sons? Ileli was accessory to the sins of his sons at least by silence. How did God punish the sons of Heli? God punished the sons of Ileli by causing them to fall in a battle against the Philistines. How did God punish Heli? God punished Ileli in the following manner: When he heard that the ark of the covenant had fallen into the hands of the Philistines, he fell backwards from his chair and broke his neck. How did God reward Samuel? God rewarded Samuel by making him a prophet and a judge. What was Samuel’s office? Samuel’s office was to bring back the Israelites to the true faith. How did Samuel fulfil his office ? Samuel reprimanded the Israelites on account of their sins, and said: “ If you turn to the Lord with all your heart, put away the strange gods from among you. . . . He will deliver you out of the hand of the Philistines.” 162 Development of the People of Israel. Did the Israelites heed the words of Samuel? Yes, they repented of their sins and turned again to the Lord. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it: (1), To obey our parents, teachers, priests, and bishops; (2), To behave respect¬ fully in Church. L. SAUL ELECTED KING. What does this lesson relate? It relates that God made Saul king of Israel, but afterwards deposed him on account of his disobedience. Who asked for a king? The people asked for a king. Was Samuel pleased with their request? No, but the Lord told him to hearken to the voice of the people, and to give them a king to punish them. Who chose the king? God Himself chose the king. Why did God choose the king? God chose the king to show: (1), That He alone was their King and supreme Lord; and (2), That the king was His representative. What did the people owe the king? They owed him obedience. Why must we obey lawful authority? We must obey lawful authority because, as St. Paul says, “ all authority comes from God.” For what was Saul known ? Saul was known for his humility and obedience. Saul Elected King. 163 Which other qualities did Saul possess ? He was strong and fair to look on. Who anointed Saul king ? Samuel anointed Saul king. How did Samuel anoint Saul? He poured oil upon the head of Saul and said: “ Behold, the Lord hath anointed thee to be prince over His inheritance.” Why did Samuel anoint Saul with oil? Samuel anointed Saul with oil (a figure of light and strength) to signify that the Lord would lend him wisdom and strength to discharge the duties of his high office. Did God assist Saul in the discharge of his duties? Yes, as long as Saul remained humble God assisted him. How did God assist him ? God assisted him by making him victorious over his enemies. Did Saul always remain humble? Ho; after a while he became proud. How do we know that he became proud? We know that he became proud because he ordered a triumphal arch to he erected in his honor. When do we sin by pride? We sin by pride as often as we attribute to ourselves good qualities which we do not possess, refuse to give God credit for them, or despise our fellow-men. To what class of sins does pride belong ? Pride belongs to the capital sins. What sin proceeded from the pride of Saul? From the pride of Saul proceeded the sin of dis¬ obedience to God. 164 Development of the People of Israel . How do we know that Saul disobeyed God? We know that Saul disobeyed God, because, con¬ trary’ to God's command, he kept for himself the best flocks of the conquered Amalecites. How did God punish him ? God punished Saul by depriving him of his royal authority. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to be always humble and obedient. LI. DAVID THE YOUNG SIIEHIERD. What does this lesson relate? It relates that God chose David to be king of Israel and had him anointed by Samuel. Why did God choose David? God chose David because he possessed many virtues that qualified him for the office of king. Which were the virtues that qualified him for the office? The following virtues qualified David for the office: he was humble, God-fearing, and pure. What do we see from this? We see from this that God does not consider man's exterior, but the condition of his soul. Where did David prepare himself still more for his kingly calling? David prepared himself at the court of Saul. How did David come to the court of Saul? David came to the court in order to raise Saul’s depressed spirits with the harp. David Fights with Goliath and Slays Him. 165 Why was Saul depressed ? Saul was depressed because the spirit of God had left him. What do we see from this? We see from this that sin robs man of peace of heart. Where did David live ? David lived at Bethlehem. Which tribe lived at Bethlehem? The tribe of Juda lived at Bethlehem. What do we see from this? We see from this that already a part of the promise given by Jacob to Juda was being fulfilled. What was the- promise? Jacob said to Juda: “ The sons of thy father shall bow down to thee.” What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to work and pray, and keep our soul free from mortal sin. L1I. DAVID FIGHTS WITH GOLIATH AND SLAYS HIM. What does this lesson relate? It relates that David slew the Philistine giant Goliath. What was Goliath’s predominating sin? Goliath’s predominating sin was pride. How do we know that Goliath was proud ? We know that he was proud: (1), Because he relied on his own strength and armor; (2), Because he sought to fight for his own glory; (3), Because he boasted of 1G6 Development of the People of Israel. his strength; (4), Because he insulted the people of God. How was Goliath clad? He was clad in armor of enormous weight, and wore a brazen helmet on his head. How was he armed ? lie was armed with a brazen shield, a spear, and a sword. How did he challenge the Israelites? Goliath appeared every morning and evening before the camp of the Israelites and cried out: “ Choose out a man of you, and let him come down and fight hand to hand. If he be able to fight with me and kill me, we will be servants to you; but if I prevail against him and kill him, you shall be servants, and shall serve us.” How do we know that he insulted the Israelites? We know that he insulted the Israelites from his own words: “ 1 have defied the bands of Israel this day.” Which good qualities of David do we learn from his encounter with Goliath? We learn from David’s encounter that he was pious, trusted in God, was humble, and very courageous. How do we know that David was pious? We know that David was pious because he was in¬ dignant at the insults heaped upon the people of God, and consequently on God Himself. How did he express his indignation? He said: “Who is this uncircumcised Philistine that he should defy the armies of the living God? ” How do we know that David trusted in God? We know that he trusted in God from his words to Jonathan Loves David , Saul Ilates Ilim. 167 Goliath: “ Thou comest to me with a sword, and with a spear, and with a shield; hut I come to thee in the name of the Lord of hosts . . . whom thou hast defied. ... I will slay thee and take away thy head from thee, . . . that all the earth may know that there is a God in Israel.” How do we know that David was humble ? We know that he was humble because he did not rely on his own strength, but on God’s help. How do we know that David was brave ? We know that he was brave because he had killed a lion that attacked his father’s flock, even before he fought the giant Goliath. How did God reward David ? God rewarded him by a glorious victory over Goliath. Of what is David’s victory over Goliath a figure ? David’s victory over Goliath is a figure of Christ’s victory over Satan. What should we learn from this lesson ? We should learn from it: (1) ? To be always humble and modest; (2), To put our trust in God and coura¬ geously combat our evil passions. LIII. JONATHAN LOVES DAVID, SAUL HATES HIM. What does this lesson relate ? It relates that Jonathan loved David most tenderly, and Saul hated him most intensely. Who was Jonathan? Jonathan was a son of Saul. 1C) 8 Development of the People of Israel. How do we know that Jonathan loved David? We know that Jonathan loved David because he made a covenant of friendship with him. Why did Jonathan love David? Jonathan loved David on account of his virtues. How did Jonathan prove his friendship? Jonathan proved his friendship: (1), P>y warning David of the snares that Saul had laid for him; (2), By speaking well of him in the presence of Saul; (3), By interceding for him. Was Jonathan’s intercession successful? Yes ? for Saul swore that he would not harm David. What is an oath? An oath is the calling upon God to witness the truth of what we say. What do we learn from Jonathan’s friendship for David? We learn from Jonathan’s friendship for David, that a true friend is a great blessing. “ A faithful friend is a strong defence; and he that hath found him hath found a treasure.” (Ecclus. vi. 14.) What should decide a person in the choice of a friend ? Virtue, especially the fear of God, and purity, should decide one in the choice of a friend. When does a true friend prove his friendship? A true friend proves his friendship in adversity. Why did Saul hate David ? Saul hated David because he was suspicious and envious of him. When are we guilty of false suspicion? We are guilty of false suspicion as often as we David's Noble Conduct towards Saul. 169 suspect another of something evil without sufficient reason. Of what did Saul suspect David? Saul suspected David of planning to deprive him of his crown. How do we know that Saul was guilty of the sin of envy? We know that Saul was guilty of the sin of envy because he was displeased at the praise which David received for his victory over Goliath. To what class of sins does envy belong? Envy is one of the seven capital sins. What sin proceeded from Saul’s envy? From Saul’s envy proceeded his hatred and murder¬ ous desires. Who saved David from the snares of Saul ? Jonathan saved David. What should we learn from this lesson ? We should learn from it: (1), Not to envy our neighbor; (2), To choose only pure and God-fearing friends. “ Be in peace with many, but let one of a thousand be thy counsellor.” (Ecclus. vi. 6.) LIY. DAVID’S NOBLE CONDUCT TOWARDS SAUL. What does this lesson relate? It relates how David generously forgave Saul, and how the latter ended his life by suicide. Did Saul promise to spare the life of David ? Yes, and he confirmed his promise with an oath. 170 Development of the People of Israel. Did Saul break bis oath? Yes; carried away by hatred and envy, he tried to take David's life. How do we commit a sin by swearing? We commit a sin by swearing: (1), If what we swear is false or doubtful; (2), If we swear without necessity; (3), If we swear to neglect some good, or to perform something wicked; (4), If we fail to keep our oath. Are we always bound to keep an oath? Yes, we are bound to keep an oath unless it be¬ comes impossible to keep it, or what we have sworn to do is contrarv to the law of God. •r How did David act when his life was in danger? He fled to the mountains of Juda. How do we know that David trusted in God ? We know that David trusted in God from his own words: “ He who is under the protection of the Most High is safe, and need not fear.” How did God reward David’s trust in Him? God rewarded him by not only saving his life from the machinations of Saul, but also by placing his enemy in his power. Why did God place Saul in the power of David? God placed Saul in the power of David in order that the latter might have an opportunity to practise virtue and lav up merit for heaven. Which virtues did David practise during his flight ? He practised the fear of God, and brotherly love. How did David show that he feared God? He showed that he feared God because he would not harm the person of Saul, who was the anointed of the Lord. David's Noble Conduct towards Saul. 171 How did David show his brotherly love ? David showed his brotherly love: (1), Bv not taking revenge on his enemy Saul; (2), By preventing his com¬ panion from killing Saul; (3), By being well disposed towards Saul. Is it enough for us to refrain from taking revenge on our enemies? No, we should also wish them well. Was David’s generous brotherly love rewarded? Yes; Saul became reconciled to him. How did Saul die? Saul took his own life. How do we sin against our own life ? We sin against our own life: (1), By taking our own life; ( 2 ), By ruining our health or shortening our life by dissipation and intemperance; (3), By risking our lives without necessity. What did David do when he heard of Saul’s death ? When David heard of Saul's death, he wept, and remembered only his good qualities. What became of Jonathan? Jonathan fell in a battle with the Philistines. How was David affected by the news of Jonathan's death ? David was very sad when he heard of Jonathan's death, for he loved him dearly. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it: (1), To be generous to our enemies; (2), To remember the departed in our prayers; (3), To speak well of even* one, whenever it is possible. THE GREATNESS OF THE PEOPLE OF ISRAEL, FROM DAVID TO ROBOAM. LY. DAVID’S PIETY AND ZEAL FOR GOD’S GLORY. What does this lesson relate ? It relates that David ruled his people gloriously, and did a great deal to promote the honor and glory of God. What made David’s reign glorious? David’s reign was glorious because of his many victories and his solicitude for the welfare of his sub¬ jects. Which qualities did David display in the govern¬ ment of the people? David displayed,, in his government of the people, justice, prudence, and fear of the Lord. How did he display justice? He displayed justice by deciding all disputes accord¬ ing to the laws of strict justice. How did David display prudence? David displayed prudence by choosing only wise and just counsellors to assist him in governing the people. 172 David's Piety and Zeal for God's Glory . 173 How did David display his fear of the Lord ? David displayed his fear of the Lord: (1), By giv¬ ing a good example to his subjects; (2), By erecting a tabernacle for the ark of the covenant on Mount Sion; (3), By regulating divine worship; (4), By arousing and promoting religious feeling among the people by music and hymns. In what did David’s good example consist? David professed his faith openly, and went in pro¬ cession before the ark, singing and playing on the harp. Is it enough to have the true faith in our heart? No, we must also profess it publicly. What sign is a profession of our faith ? The sign of the cross is a profession of our faith. How do we sin against faith? We sin against faith: (1), By rejecting the true faith or wilfully doubting it; (2), By reading books contrary to faith and morals; (3), By speaking against faith or listening to others do so; (4), By indifference or denial of our faith. How did David have the ark of the covenant carried to the tabernacle that he erected on Mount Sion? lie ordered a public procession, in which the ark was carried to Mount Sion. Why are religious processions held publicly? Religious processions are held publicly: (1), To praise God and profess our faith before men; (2), To bring down the blessing of God on our country; (3), To celebrate the triumph of the cross. 171 Greatness of Israel , f rom David to Roboam. What arrangements did David make for a perma¬ nent divine worship? David divided into twenty-four classes the priests who were to assist alternately at divine services. How did David promote the beauty of divine services by music? He chose four thousand Levites, who were to sing and play sacred hymns during divine services. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to contribute freely to the support and embellishment of the house of God. LYI. THE PROPHECIES OF DAVID. What does this lesson relate? It relates that David composed many hymns, and prophesied many things about the Redeemer. What are the hymns of David called? They are called Psalms. What does the word “ Psalm ” mean? “ Psalm ” means a hymn that is sung to the accom¬ paniment of the harp. How many psalms are there ? There are one hundred and fifty psalms. How are the psalms divided? The psalms are divided into five classes: The psalms of praise, of thanksgiving, of petition, peniten¬ tial psalms, and Messianic psalms. What do the penitential psalms express? The penitential psalms express a confession of guilt, and hope of forgiveness. The Prophecies of David . 175 What do the Messianic psalms contain ? The Messianic psalms contain prophecies concern¬ ing the coming Redeemer. What did David prophesy about the Redeemer? He prophesied: (1), His divinity; (2), His suffer¬ ing; (3), His Resurrection; (4), His Ascension into heaven; (5), His priesthood; (6), The triumph of His kingdom. What did David say concerning the divinity of the coming Redeemer? Concerning the divinity of the coming Redeemer he said: “The Lord hath said to Me, Thou art My Son, this day have I begotten Thee.” Where do we find what David prophesied concern¬ ing the suffering of the coming Redeemer? We find what David prophesied concerning the suffering of the Redeemer in the twenty-first psalm. What did he prophesy concerning the Resurrection of the Redeemer? Concerning the Resurrection of the Redeemer he prophesied: “ Because Thou wilt not leave my soul in hell; nor wilt Thou give Thy holy one to see cor¬ ruption ” (Ps. xv. 10). What did he prophesy concerning the Ascension ? Concerning the Ascension he prophesied: “ Thou hast ascended on high: Thou hast led captivity captive” (Ps. lxvii. 19). What did he prophesy concerning the priesthood of the Redeemer? Concerning the priesthood of the Redeemer he prophesied: “ The Lord hath sworn, and He will not repent: Thou art a priest forever according to the order of Melchisedech ” (Ps. cix. 4). 176 Greatness of Israel , from David to Roboam. What did he prophesy concerning the triumph of the kingdom of the Redeemer? Concerning the triumph of the kingdom of the Re¬ deemer he prophesied as follows: “ The Lord said to my Lord: Sit Thou at My right hand: Until I make Thy enemies Thv footstool ” (Ps. cix. 1). What did the prophets foretell concerning the Redeemer? The prophets foretold: (1), 'Die time and place of His birth; (2), The circumstances of His life, suffering, and death; (3), His Resurrection and Ascension; (4), The establishment and perpetuity of His Church. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to be attentive and devout at Mass. LVII. REVOLT AND iM’NISHMKNT OF ABSALOM. What is related in this lesson? It is related that David sinned grievously, and was punished for it by the revolt and death of his beloved son, Absalom. What sins did David commit? David committed adultery with Bethsahee, the wife of l rias, and then caused Trias to be slain by ordering him to be exposed “in the front of the battle where the fight was the strongest.” Which Commandments did David break by these sins? By these sins he broke the fifth and sixth Com¬ mandments. Revolt and Punishment of Absalom. 177 What other grievous sin did David commit in con¬ sequence of these two sins ? Jn consequence of these two sins he gave scandal to all the people. How do we know that David was guilty of murder? We know that he was guilty of murder because he was accessory to the sin of Joab, who had Urias placed where he knew he would be slain. In what way was David accessory to the sin of Joab? lie was accessory to the sin of Joab by command. How did it happen that the virtuous David fell into such grievous sins? David fell into these sins because he grew careless in his prayers, and allowed his eyes to rest on sinful objects. Who reprimanded David for his sins? The prophet Nathan reprimanded him. Did Nathan succeed in making David repent of his sins? Yes, be succeeded in making David repent. How did David confess his sins? He said: “ I have sinned against the Lord.” How did he express sorrow for his sins? He expressed sorrow in the seven penitential psalms. Did he show his sorrow in any other way? Yes, he showed his sorrow by performing works of penance. ITS Greatness of Israel, from David to Roboam . Were David's works of penance and contrition pleasing in the sight of God? Yes, for God forgave his sins. Did God remit all the temporal punishment due to David’s sins? No; in punishment for his sins David’s son Absalom revolted, and was slain in his tlight after battle. Against which Commandment did Absalom sin? Absalom sinned against the fourth Commandment. How did he sin against the fourth Commandment? He sinned against the fourth Commandment by failing to show due respect, love, and obedience to his father. How did he fail to show due respect to his father? He failed to show due respect to his father by speaking contemptuously of him, and criticising his way of governing the people. How did he sin against the love due his father? He sinned against the love due his father by caus¬ ing him to worry on account of his ingratitude. How did he sin against the obedience due his father? He sinned against the obedience due his father by openly rebelling against him. Are we bound to respect and obey others besides our parents? Yes, we are bound to respect and obey our bishops, pastors, magistrates, teachers, and all lawful superiors, whether civil or ecclesiastical. David's Last Words and Death., 179 Why must we respect and obey all our lawful superiors ? We must respect and obey them because they take the place of God. What other sin did Absalom commit? He sinned by rebelling against lawful authority. How do we sin against our lawful superiors? We sin against our lawful superiors: (1), By criti¬ cising them and speaking contemptuously of them; (2), By opposing them and openly refusing to obey them. How did David look on the crime of Absalom? He looked on the crime of Absalom, whom he loved, as a punishment from God for his sins. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it: (1), To guard our eyes lest they lead us into sin; (2), To perform works of penance; (3), To be always careful to keep the fourth Commandment. LVIII. DAVID’S LAST WORDS AND DEATH. What does this lesson relate? It relates the last words of David to his people, and his son Solomon. What was the last admonition of David to Solo¬ mon? David admonished Solomon to be faithful and obe¬ dient to God, and to build the Temple. What did David say to Solomon? He said: “ And thou, my son Solomon, know the God of thy father, and serve Him with a perfect heart, and a willing mind: for the Lord searcheth all hearts, 180 Greatness of Israel, from David to Roboam . and understandeth all the thoughts of minds. If thou seek Him, thou shalt find Him; but if thou forsake Him He will cast thee off forever.” To which attributes of God does David refer in this admonition? He refers to God’s goodness, His knowledge of all things, and His justice. How does he refer to God’s goodness? He refers to God's goodness when he says: “ Know the God of thy father,'' that is to say, the God who has conferred so many favors on thy father. How does he refer to God’s knowledge of all things? He refers to God’s knowledge of all things when he says: “ For the Lord searcheth all hearts and under- standeth all the thoughts of minds.” How does David refer to God’s justice? He refers to God’s justice when he says: “ If thou forsake him He will cast thee off forever.” How did David command Solomon to build the Temple ? He said to Solomon: “ Now therefore seeing the Lord hath chosen thee to build the house of His sanc¬ tuary, take courage, and do it.” How did David admonish the people to contribute to the erection of the Temple? He said: “Now if any man is willing to offer, let him fill his hand to-day, and offer what he pleaseth to the Lord.” Of whom is David a type ? David is a type of Christ. Why is David a type of Christ? David was born in Bethlehem, so was Christ; David /Solomon’s Prayer and Wisdom . 181 spent his youth in obscurity, Christ spent the first thirty years of His life hidden in Nazareth; David con¬ quered Goliath, Christ conquered Satan; David was persecuted by Saul, even after he had saved his life; Christ is persecuted by the sinner after He has re¬ deemed him from sin; David finally prevailed over all his enemies, Christ by His Resurrection gained a glo¬ rious victory over all His foes. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it: (1), To keep holy the Temple of God, our soul; that is to say, not to allow it to he polluted by mortal sin; (2), To seek the honor of God in all our actions. LIX. SOLOMON’S PRAYER AND WISDOM. What does this lesson relate ? It relates that Solomon on ascending the throne asked God for the gift of wisdom, and received it; and that he gave a proof of his wisdom by deciding a dis¬ pute. In what does the gift of wisdom consist? The gift of wisdom consists in knowing all things at their real value. Why did Solomon ask God for wisdom? Solomon asked God for wisdom because he wished to rule his people justly. How do we know this? We know this from his own words. How did he pray to God ? He prayed as follows: “ And now, 0 Lord God, Thou hast made Thy servant king instead of David my father; and I am hut a child and know not how to 182 Greatness of Israel , from David to Doboam. go out and come in. . . . Give therefore to Thy servant an understanding heart to judge Thy people and dis¬ cern between good and evil.'’ Which virtues did the prayer of Solomon show? The prayer of Solomon showed that he was humble, faithful, and unselfish. How did it show that he was humble ? It showed that he was humble because he con¬ sidered himself unable to govern the Israelites without God's help. How did it show that he was faithful? It showed that he was faithful because he wished to govern his people well. How did it show that he was unselfish? It showed that he was unselfish because he prayed for wisdom in order to benefit others. How did God reward Solomon? God rewarded Solomon by granting not only what he had asked but also by giving him riches and honors. What did God promise Solomon? God promised him a long life. On what condition did God promise Solomon a long life? God promised him a long life on condition that he would keep His Commandments. Did Solomon give a proof of his wisdom? Yes, Solomon gave a proof of his wisdom by a certain decision he made. What was the dispute? Two women claimed the same child. Solomon's Prayer and Wisdom. 183 As the child could not belong to both, what sin did one commit? One of the women lied. Is a lie always a mortal sin? Yo, a lie is not always a mortal sin. Was it in this case? In this case it was a mortal sin. Why was it a mortal sin in this case? It was a mortal sin because the woman not only told what she knew to he untrue, but also tried by the deception to obtain what belonged to another. If she had obtained the child, would she have been obliged to restore it? Yes, she would have been obliged to restore it. Mention a case in which people commit a mortal sin by lying. When people lie about their age in order to enter an insurance society they commit a mortal sin and their heirs are bound to restitution. Why are the heirs bound to make restitution? They are bound to make restitution because in con¬ sequence of the lie they obtained what does not belong to them. How did Solomon decide the dispute? Solomon said: “ Divide the living child in two, and give half to the one, and half to the other." Why did Solomon give this singular decision? Solomon knew that the real mother would not agree to this plan. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it: (1), To he always truthful and honest; (2), To ask God for enlightenment before we undertake anything important. 184 Greatness of Israel, from David to Roboam. LX. THE PROVERBS OF SOLOMON. What does this lesson relate? It relates what is contained in some of the proverbs of Solomon. What do the proverbs of Solomon contain ? They contain short rules of life, warning ns to avoid evil and encouraging us to do good. Against which sins especially do the proverbs warn us? They warn us against: (1), Pride; (2), Associating with the wicked; (3), The sins of the tongue; (4), Anger. How do they warn us against pride? They tell us that, “ Pride goeth before destruction; and the spirit is lifted up before a fall " (Prow xvi. 18). How do they warn us against associating with the wicked ? They warn us against associating with the wicked in the following words: “ My son, if sinners shall en¬ tice thee, consent not to them.” “ My son, walk not with them, restrain thy foot from their paths. For their feet run to evil, and make haste to shed blood” (Prov. i. 15). How do they warn us against sins of the tongue? They tell us: “ lie that keepeth his mouth, keepeth his soul: hut he that hath no guard on his speech shall meet with evils” (Prov. xiii. \\). Which Commandment forbids the sins of the tongue? The eighth Commandment forbids the sins of the tongue. The Proverbs of Solomon. 185 How do the proverbs warn us against anger? They tell us: “ As coals are to burning coals, and wood to fire, so an angry man stirreth up strife ” (Prov. xxvi. 21). "Which virtues do the proverbs recommend ? They recommend: (1), A contrite confession of one’s sins; (2), Industry; (3), Mildness; (4), Alms- deeds; (5), Forgiveness of one’s enemies. How do they recommend a contrite confession of one’s sins? They recommend a contrite confession of one’s sins in the following words: “ He that hideth his sins, shall not prosper: but he that shall confess and forsake them, shall obtain mercy ” (Prov. xxviii. 13). How do they recommend industry? They recommend industry in the following words: “ Go to the ant, 0 sluggard, and consider her ways and learn wisdom ” (Prov. vi. G). How do they recommend mildness? They recommend mildness in the following words: “ A mild answer breaketh wrath ” (Prov. xv. 1). How do they recommend alms-deeds? They recommend alms-deeds in the following words: “He that hath mercy on the poor, lendeth to the Lord: and He will repay him ” (Prov. xix. 17). How do they recommend forgiveness of one’s enemies ? They recommend forgiveness of one’s enemies in in the following words: “If thy enemy be hungry, give him to eat: if he thirst, give him water to drink: For thou shalt heap hot coals upon his head, and the Lord will reward thee” (Prov. xxv. 21). 186 Greatness of Israel, from David to JRoboam . What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to follow these proverbs in our every-day life. LXI. THE BUILDING AND CONSECRATION OF THE TEMPLE. What does this lesson relate? It relates that Solomon built and consecrated a temple to the Lord. Who had made preparations for building the Temple ? David had made preparations for it. How did David make preparations for building the Temple? David made preparations for building the Temple by collecting a large sum of money for that purpose. What plan did Solomon follow in building the Temple? He built it after the plan of the tabernacle. Where did Solomon build the Temple? Solomon built the Temple on Mount Moria in Jeru¬ salem. Did the Temple surpass the tabernacle? Yes, the Temple far surpassed the tabernacle in size and grandeur. Why did Solomon build the Temple? Solomon built the Temple in order to have a place where public honor could be paid to God. How many ways may we honor God? We may honor God interiorly and exteriorly. The Building and Consecration of the Temjple . 187 How do we honor God interiorly? We honor God interiorly by all kinds of mental prayer. How do we honor God exteriorly? We honor God exteriorly by vocal prayer, all good acts, and sacrifice. Why must man honor God interiorly and ex¬ teriorly ? Man must honor God interiorly and exteriorly be¬ cause he is composed of a soul and a body. How do our churches differ from the Jewish Temple ? In our churches Jesus Christ is truly present in the Sacrament of the Altar: in the Jewish Temple God was present in a particular manner under a visible sign, a cloud. How did Solomon consecrate the Temple? Solomon consecrated the Temple: (1), By having the ark of the covenant carried in triumph into the Temple; (2), By offering up a prayer. Repeat Solomon’s prayer. Solomon prayed as follows: “ 0 Lord God of Israel, there is no God like Thee in heaven or on earth. . . . If heaven and the heavens of heavens cannot contain Thee, how much less this house, which I have built. . . . 0 Lord my God, hear the prayers which Thy serv¬ ant poureth out before Thee, that Thou mayest open Thy eyes upon this house day and night. . . . That Thou wouldst hear the prayer, which Thy servant prayeth in it [to Thee]. Mayest Thou hearken to Thy people when they pray in this place to Thee, mayest Thou hear them and show them mercy.” 188 Greatness of Israel, from David to Doboam. What should we learn from this lesson ? We should learn from it to behave with due rever¬ ence in church, for it is the house of God. LXII. SOLOMON’S MAGNIFICENCE AND FALL. What does this lesson relate? It relates that Solomon’s reign was glorious, but that he fell into grievous sins and was punished by God. In what did the glory of Solomon’s reign consist? The glory of Solomon’s reign consisted: (1), In the wonderful growth and extent of the kingdom: it reached from the Euphrates to the confines of Egypt; (2), In the prosperity and peace whicli prevailed throughout the land; (3), In the admiration and honor which the nations paid to the wisdom of the king. Why was Solomon’s reign so glorious? Solomon’s reign was so glorious because he feared God. Did Solomon continue to fear God? No, he became blinded by riches and honors and fell into grievous sins. What sins did Solomon commit? Solomon committed the following sins: (1), He took to himself heathen wives; (2), He fell into idolatry; (3), He gave scandal to all the people of Israel. How do we sin against faith? We sin against faith: (1), By not trying to learn what God has taught; (2), By refusing to believe all Solo7non's Magnificence and Fall. 189 that God has taught; (3), By wilfully doubting what God has taught; (4), By refusing to profess our belief in what God has taught. What sin against faith did Solomon commit ? Solomon refused to profess his belief in what God had taught; he denied his faith. How did God punish Solomon for his sins? God announced to Solomon that He would divide the kingdom, and give a part of it to one of his serv¬ ants. Of whom was Solomon a type? Solomon was a type of Christ. Solomon was a prince of peace, so is Christ; Solomon was gifted with wonderful wisdom, Christ is the eternal Wisdom; Solomon received homage from the eastern queen of Saba, Christ received homage from the Wise Men of the East; Solomon built a Temple, Christ established a Church. What should we learn from this lesson ? We should learn from it: (1), To shun the com¬ pany of the wicked; (2), To he content with our lot in life; (3), To detach our hearts from the things of this earth. THE DECLINE OF THE PEOPLE OF ISRAEL. LXIII. THE DIVISION OF THE KINGDOM. What is related in this lesson? It is related that the kingdom of Solomon, after his death, was divided into Israel and Juda. What was the immediate cause of the division? The immediate cause of the division was the op¬ pression of the people by Roboam. Who was Roboam? Roboam was the son of Solomon. Was Roboam a good king? No, he was proud, frivolous, and cruel. How do we know that he was proud? We know that he was proud because he despised the advice of old and experienced men. How do we know that he was frivolous? We know that he was frivolous because he sought and followed the advice of young and inexperienced flatterers. How do we know that he was cruel? We know that he was cruel because when the people asked to be relieved of some of the burdens 190 The Division of the Kingdom . 191 Solomon had laid upon them, he said: “ My father made your yoke heavy, but I will add to your yoke; my father beat you with whips, but I will beat you with scorpions.” What happened in consequence of his behavior? In consequence of his behavior the ten tribes re¬ volted. Which tribes remained loyal to Roboam? The tribes of Juda and Benjamin remained loyal. What was the name of the kingdom of Roboam? The kingdom of Roboam was called Juda. What was the capital? The capital of Juda was Jerusalem. Whom did the ten tribes make king? The ten tribes made Jeroboam, a former servant of Solomon, king. What was the name of the kingdom of Jeroboam? The name of the kingdom of Jeroboam was Israel. What was the capital of Israel? The capital of Israel was Samaria. What great sin did Roboam commit? He led the people into idolatry. What sin do we commit when we are the occasion of another’s sin? The sin we commit when we are the occasion of another’s sin is called scandal. What considerations should deter us from giving scandal ? The following considerations should deter us from giving scandal: (1), The thought that we are doing the work of Satan and destroying a soul purchased by 192 The Decline of the People of Israel. the precious blood of Christ; (2), The terrible punish¬ ments with which Christ has threatened the scandal- giver. Which attributes of God does this lesson show? It shows ITis faithfulness and justice. How does it show that God is faithful? It shows that God is faithful, because He carried out the threat to punish Solomon. How does it show that He is just? It shows that God is just because He punished Roboam and Jeroboam for their sins. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to follow the advice of older, experienced persons, especially our parents, pastors, and teachers. LXIV. THE PROPHETS.—GOD SENDS THE PROPHET ELIAS. What does this lesson relate? It relates that God raised up holy men, called prophets, and that Elias prophesied a famine and per¬ formed many miracles. What were the prophets? The prophets were men inspired by God to an¬ nounce His will to men, and to foretell the future. What was the particular office of the prophets? The particular office of the prophets was: (1), To confirm the people and kings of Israel in their faith in one God, and to admonish them to do penance; (2), By their example and prophecies to prepare the people for the coming of the Mcssias. God Sends the Prophet Elias. 193 What did the prophets prophesy concerning the Messias? They prophesied: (1), The time and place of His birth; (2), The circumstances of His life, sufferings, and death; (3), His Resurrection and Ascension; (1), The establishment of His Church and its perpetuity. How did the prophets prove their divine mission? The prophets proved their divine mission by miracles. To whom was the prophet Elias sent? Elias was sent to King Achab. For what purpose was he sent? He was sent to admonish the king to do penance. What sins had Achab committed? Achab had: (1) ? Taken a heathen to wife; (2), He had introduced idolatry into the kingdom; (3), He wished to abolish the worship of the one true God. How did he proceed to introduce idolatry? He erected a temple to the idol Baal, and appointed four hundred and fifty heathen priests. How did he try to abolish the religion of the one true God? He tried to abolish the religion of the one true God by having the priests of the Lord put to death. How did Elias try to bring Achab back to the re¬ ligion of the one true God? He tried to bring him back by prophesying a. three years’ drought. Why did Elias prophesy a drought to induce Achab to believe in one God? Elias prophesied a drought for all Israel, so that 194 The Decline of the People of Israel. Achab might see, when the prophecy was fulfilled, that the God of Elias withheld the rain. How did Achab receive the prophecy? Achab grew very angry, and sought to put Elias to death. What did the Lord command Elias? The Lord commanded Elias to conceal himself near the brook Carith. How did Elias obtain food? lie was fed by two ravens. Whither did Elias proceed when the brook Carith ran dry? lie proceeded to Sarephta, a village between Tyre and Sidon. Whom did he meet there? He met a poor widow who gave him shelter, and oil and meal from her scanty store. How did God prepare the heathens for the coming Redeemer? God prepared the heathens for the coming Re¬ deemer by bringing them in contact with the Jews, by extraordinary men and methods. How did God reward the widow of Sarephta ? God rewarded her: (1), By miraculously multiply¬ ing her meal and oil; (2), By raising her dead son to life through Elias. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it: (1), To thank God before and after meals; (2)^ To trust in God. The Sacrifice of Elias. 195 LXV. THE SACRIFICE OF ELIAS. What is related in this lesson ? It is related that Elias commanded Achab and his people to return to God, and that he called down fire from heaven to consume his offering, and rain to re¬ lieve the land. How did Elias command Achab to return to God? Elias reminded Achab of his sins, and showed him that they were the cause of the affliction that had come over the land. What did Elias say to Achab? He said: “ I have not troubled Israel, but thou and thy father’s house, who have forsaken the command¬ ments of the Lord, and have followed Baalim.” How did Elias try to induce the people to return to God? He proposed an ordeal to them. In what was the ordeal to consist? Elias and the heathen priests were to erect two separate altars, and place on each a bullock for sacri¬ fice. Then Elias was to pray to God for fire to con¬ sume the sacrifice, and likewise the heathen priests were to call on Baal to consume his sacrifice, and whosesoever sacrifice was consumed, his was to be ac¬ knowledged the true God. Did the people agree to this ordeal ? Yes, they agreed to this ordeal most willingly. How did the heathen priests carry out their part of the agreement? They erected an altar, placed an ox upon it, and 106 The Decline of (he People of Israel. danced around it, while they cried out: “ Baal, hear us.-’ How did Elias keep his part of the agreement? He erected an altar, placed an ox upon it, and poured water upon it. Why did he pour water upon it? He poured water upon the altar to show the people that the fire could not proceed from any natural cause. How did Elias pray? Elias prayed: “O I/ml God, show this day that Thou art the God of Israel, and I Thy servant, and that according to Thy commandment I have done all these things. Hear me, 0 Lord, hear me: that this people may learn that Thou art the Lord God, and that Thou hast turned their heart again.*’ Whose prayer was heard? The prayer of Elias was heard. How did God show that He heard the prayer of Elias? He showed that He heard the prayer of Elias by sendingdown fire from heaven to consume the offering. What impression did this miracle make on the people? They believed again in the true God. Did God hear another prayer of Elias? Yes, Elias prayed for rain, and God granted it. What is prayer? Prayer is the lifting up of our hearts to God to praise or to thank Him, or to ask something for the soul or body. When especially should we pray? We should pray especially on Sundays and holy Sins and Punishment of Jezabel and Achab . 197 days, every morning and night, in all dangers, tempta¬ tions, and afflictions. Which are the principal fruits of prayer? Prayer (1), Ennobles our heart and mind and unites them with God; (2), It strengthens us against tempta¬ tion and encourages us to do good; (3), It affords con¬ solation in trouble, obtains help in necessity, and the grace of perseverance. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to have recourse to God in prayer in time of trouble and need. LXVI. THE SINS AND PUNISHMENT OF JEZABEL AND ACIIAB. What is related in this lesson? It is related that God punished Achab and Jezabel for their sins. What sin did Achab commit? Achab committed the sin of covetousness. How do we sin by covetousness? We sin by covetousness by being unduly attached to money and worldly goods. How did Achab happen to commit this sin? He coveted the vineyard of a man named Naboth. To what class of sin does covetousness belong? It belongs to the seven capital sins. Mention the seven capital sins. Pride, Covetousness, Lust, Anger, Gluttony, Envy, and Sloth. Why are they called capital sins? They are called capital from the Latin word caput , 198 The Decline of the People of Israel. meaning head or source; they are the source whence all other sins proceed. Which sins proceeded from Achab’s covetousness? From Achab’s covetousness proceeded the sins of anger, robbery, and murder. How do we sin by anger? We sin by anger as often as we lose control of our temper so as to curse, swear, or abuse others. How did Achab sin by anger? Achab sinned by anger by throwing himself on the bed, turning his face to the wall, and refusing to eat. How was Achab guilty of murder? Achab was guilty of murder because he was acces¬ sory by silence to the sin of his wife. When are we guilty of robbery or theft? We are guilty of robbery or theft: (1), As often as we take, or help others take, what belongs to another; (2), As often as we buy what has been stolen, refuse to give to its owner what we have found, or to pay our lawful debts. Why was Achab guilty of robbery? Achab was guilty of robbery because he took by force what belonged to another—Naboth’s vineyard. What sins did Jezabel, the wife of Achab, commit? Jezabel committed the following sins: (1), She calumniated Naboth; (2), She induced the Ancients and chief men of the city to do an act of injustice, and to take a false oath; (3), She was a party to the murder of Naboth. When are we guilty of calumny? We are guilty of calumny when we ascribe to an- Sins and Punishment of Jezabel and Achab. 199 other faults which he does not possess or exaggerate his actual faults. Of what crimes did Jezabel falsely accuse Naboth? She accused him of blasphemy and disrespect to the king. How did Jezabel lead the Ancients to do an injustice? Jezabel had the Ancients put Naboth to death be¬ cause of the false charges. How did she lead them to commit perjury? She led the Ancients to commit perjury because she had them bribe others to swear falsely against Naboth. What are we to think of one who takes a false oath? He who takes a false oath is guilty of one of the greatest crimes. Why is perjury one of the greatest crimes? Perjury is one of the greatest crimes because: (1), It ridicules the all-knowledge and holiness of God; (2), It calls down His curse; (3), It is frequently the cause of another’s loss or injury. How did God punish Achab and Jezabel for their sins? God punished Achab and Jezabel for their sins by sending them a sudden and unprovided death. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to banish at once from our heart every covetous thought, and under no circum¬ stances to take a false oath. 200 The Decline of ike People of Israel. LXYII. GOD SENDS THE PROPHET ELISEUS. What does this lesson relate? It relates that God chose the prophet Eliseus, and gave him power to perform many miracles. How did God confirm his call to the office of prophet? God confirmed his call to the office of prophet by punishing some boys who mocked him. Of what sins were the boys guilty? They were guilty of disrespect to old age and to God’s representative. How should young people behave towards the aged? Young people should respect the aged, treat them with courtesy and never ridicule them. How do we sin against secular or ecclesiastical au¬ thority ? We sin against secular or ecclesiastical authority: (1), By criticising our lawful superiors and speaking contemptuously of them; (2), By opposing them and openly refusing to obey them. What miracles did Eliseus perform? Eliseus cured Naaman of his leprosy, and punished his servant Giezi on account of his sins. How did he cure Naaman? Eliseus said to Naaman: “ Go and wash seven times in the Jordan, and thy flesh shall recover health and thou shalt be clean.” Of what is leprosy a picture ? Leprosy is a picture of sin. God Sends the Prophet Eliseus. 201 How are we cleansed from mortal sins ? We are- cleansed from mortal sins by two sacra¬ ments, Baptism and Penance. What is Baptism? Baptism is a sacrament which cleanses us from original sin, makes us Christians, children of God, and heirs of heaven. What is penance ? Penance is a sacrament which remits the sins com¬ mitted after Baptism. Of which sins was Giezi guilty? Giezi lied to Naaman and Eliseus. What did Giezi say to Naaman? After Naaman had gone a short distance, Giezi fol¬ lowed him and told him that two sons of the prophet had just arrived, and asked Naaman for money and clothes for them. What did Giezi say on his return to Eliseus ? Eliseus asked Giezi on his return where he had been, and he replied nowhere. How did God punish Giezi for his sins? God punished him through the prophet, who caused him to he covered with leprosy. How did Eliseus glorify God even after death? A dead man was raised to life by touching the relics of the dead Eliseus. Why do we honor the relics of saints ? We honor the relics of saints: (1), Because they be¬ longed to the saints; and (2), Because God has often wrought miracles through them. 202 The Decline of the People of Israel. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it: (1), Not to mock old peo¬ ple; (2), Always to be truthful. LXVIII. THE PROPHET JONAS. What does this lesson relate? It relates: (1), That Jonas sinned, and was pun¬ ished by God; (2), That he preached penance to the in¬ habitants of the pagan city of Ninive; (3), That the Ninivites were converted. Of what sin was Jonas guilty? Jonas was guilty of disobedience. In what did his disobedience consist? God bad commanded Jonas to preach penance to the Ninivites, but he refused. Where was Ninive? Ninive was a city in Assyria on the river Tigris. How did God command Jonas? God said to him: “ Arise, and go to Ninive, the great city^ and preach in it; for the wickedness thereof is come up before Me.” What is the meaning of the expression “ the wickedness thereof is come up before Me ” ? It means that the sins of the Ninivites were so many and great that God was obliged to punish them. Which attributes did God show in Jonas? God showed in Jonas His justice and His mercy. How did God punish Jonas? God caused him to be thrown into the sea and to be swallowed by a whale. The Prophet Jonas . 203 How did God show mercy to Jonas? God showed mercy to Jonas by keeping him alive three days in the whale’s belly. Did God hear the prayer of the prophet ? Yes, for on the third day the whale cast Jonas ashore. What did Jonas do when God commanded him a second time to preach to the Ninivites? Jonas obeyed at once. What success did Jonas have among the Ninivites? He converted them. What works of penance did they perform? They fasted and prayed. Why should we fast and abstain? We should fast and abstain: (1), To follow the ex¬ ample of Christ and His saints; (2), To do penance for our sins; (3), To conquer our wicked passions; (4), To show our obedience to our holy Mother the Church. Did God pardon the sins of the Ninivites? Yes, God pardoned their sins. How do we know that God pardoned the sins of the Ninivites ? We know that God pardoned their sins because He did not punish them as He had threatened. Of whom was Jonas a type? Jonas was a type of Christ. Jonas was three days in the whale’s belly, Christ was three days in the sepulchre. On the third day Jonas was cast ashore, on the third day Christ rose glorious from the dead. What should we learn from this lesson ? We should learn from it to do works of penance and mortification, especially in Lent. FINAL OVERTHROW OF THE KING- DOM OF ISRAEL, 722 B.C. LXIX. TOBIAS IX THE ASSYRIAX CAPTIVITY. What does this lesson relate? It relates the overthrow of the kingdom of Israel, and the virtues of Tobias. Why was the kingdom of Israel overthrown? The kingdom of Israel was overthrown because the Israelites grew more and more wicked every day, and paid no heed to God’s warning. Which were the principal vices of the Israelites ? The principal vices of the Israelites were idolatry, impurity, intemperance, and cruelty. Through whom did God admonish .them to do penance? God admonished them through the prophets. How did they receive the admonitions of the prophets? They remained hardened in their sins. What other sin did they commit by so doing? They committed a sin against the Holy Ghost; that is, they resisted stubbornly the grace of God. 201 Tobias in the Assyrian Cajptivity. 205 Whom did God select to destroy the kingdom of Israel ? God selected Salmanasar, a king of Assyria, to destroy the kingdom of Israel. How did Salmanasar destroy the kingdom of Israel ? Salmanasar besieged and took the city of Samaria, carried off the inhabitants, and peopled their land with pagans. How long had the kingdom of Israel lasted? The kingdom of Israel had lasted two hundred and fifty-three years (975-722 b.c.). Through whom did God show mercy to the Israel¬ ites? God showed mercy to the Israelites through Tobias. What works did Tobias practise in captivity? He practised the corporal and spiritual works of mercy. Which of the corporal works of mercy did he practise ? He gave food to the hungry, clothed the naked, and buried the dead. Which of the spiritual works of mercy did he practise ? He comforted the afflicted in captivity. How did God show His wisdom in bringing about the captivity of the Israelites? God made use of the Israelites in captivity to keep alive among the heathens the idea of a coming Re¬ deemer. 206 Final Overthrow of the Kingdom of Israel. What does the history of the kingdom of Israel show? The history of the kingdom of Israel shows that the nation that falls off from God will soon decay. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to heed the warning of God to turn back from sin, and do penance. LXX. THE PARTING ADVICE OF THE OLDER TOBIAS, AND THE DEPARTURE OF THE YOUNGER. What does this lesson relate? It relates the advice of the older Tobias to bis son, and the young man's departure with the archangel Raphael. Which virtues did Tobias recommend to his son? He recommended filial love, fear of God, justice, brotherly love, alms-deeds, and trust in God. When did he recommend filial love? He recommended filial love when he said to his son: “ When God shall take my soul, thou shalt bury my body; and thou shalt honor thy mother all the days of her life.” When did Tobias recommend the fear of God? He recommended the fear of God when he said to his son: “ And all the days of thy life have God in thy mind; and take heed thou never consent to sin, nor transgress the commandments of the Lord our God.” When did he recommend justice? He recommended justice when he said: “If any man hath done any work for thee, immediately pay him his hire.” The Parting Advice of the Older Tobias. 207 When did he recommend brotherly love ? He recommended brotherly love when he said: “ See thou never do to another what thou wouldst hate to have done to thee by another.” When did he recommend alms-deeds ? He recommended alms-deeds when he said: “ If thou have much, give abundantly: if thou have little, take care even so to bestow willingly a little.” When did he recommend trust in God? He recommended trust in God when he said: “ Fear not, my son: we lead indeed a poor life, but we shall have many good things if we fear God, and depart from all sin and do that which is good.” Against which sins especially did Tobias warn his son? He warned him especially against impurity and pride. When did he warn him against impurity ? He warned him against impurity when he said: “ Take heed to keep thyself, my son, from all fornica¬ tion.” Why should we guard especially against impurity? We should guard especially against impurity be¬ cause it is a most shameful sin and leads to evil con¬ sequences. What means should we employ to guard against impurity ? (1), We should shun bad company and all occasions of sin; (2), We should recommend ourselves to God and the Blessed Virgin in temptation; (3), We should always remember that God sees all things, and that we may die at any moment; (4), We should receive the sacraments frequently. 208 Final Overthrow of the Kingdom of Israel . When did Tobias warn his son against pride? He warned him against pride when he said: “ Never suffer pride to reign in thy mind or in thy words: for from it all perdition took its beginning.” How do we sin by pride? We sin by pride as often as we attribute to our¬ selves good qualities which we do not possess, refuse to give God credit for them, or despise our fellow-men. How did the younger Tobias receive the advice of his father? He received his advice with obedience and humility. How do we know this? We know it from his answer to his father: “ I will do all things, father, which thou hast commended me.” What may children who keep the fourth Command¬ ment expect? Children who keep the fourth Commandment may expect long life and happiness in this world and eternal happiness in the life to come. Whom did God send to protect the younger Tobias? God sent the archangel Raphael to protect him. How did the archangel Raphael protect Tobias? The archangel Raphael accompanied him to Rages, and defended him from all danger on the way. How did God reward the younger Tobias for his filial love? God procured for him, through the archangel Raphael, a God-fearing wife. How did Tobias and his wife prepare themselves to enter the state of matrimony ? They prepared themselves by prayer.. Tobias' Return Home . 209 How should Christians prepare for a holy and happy marriage ? Christians should prepare for a holy and happy marriage by seeking the advice of their parents, and the blessing of their pastors; by begging God to grant them a pure intention, and to direct their choice; and by receiving the Sacraments of Penance and Holy Eucharist. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to heed the advice of our parents, and to follow the inspiration of our guardian angel. LXXI. TOBIAS’ RETURN HOME. What does this lesson relate? It relates the return home of the young Tobias, and the departure of the archangel Raphael. How did God reward the pious parents of Tobias ? God brought their son back rich and happily mar¬ ried, and restored his eyesight to the elder Tobias. Through whom did God confer these favors on them? God conferred these favors through the archangel Raphael. What did the archangel say when taking leave of Tobias? The angel admonished Tobias to give thanks to God and perform good works. How did he admonish Tobias to return thanks to God? He said to Tobias: “ Bless ye the God of heaven, 210 Final Overthrow of the Kingdom of Israel. give glory to Him in the sight of all that live,, because He hath showed His mercy to you/’ Which good works did the angel admonish Tobias to perform? He admonished him to pray, fast, and give alms. Which good works especially are recommended in Holy Scripture? In Holy Scripture are recommended especially prayer,, fasting, and alms-deeds. When particularly should we pray? We should pray particularly on Sundays and holy- days of obligation, morning and night, before and after meals, and in all dangers, temptations, and afflictions. How can we help the poor and afflicted? We can help the poor and afflicted by performing the spiritual and corporal works of mercy. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it: (1), To return thanks to God morning and night, before and after meals; (2), To keep the fast and abstinence days; (3), To give alms freelv. %i LXXII. THE PROPHETS JOEL AXD MICHEAS. What does this lesson relate? It relates that the prophets Joel and Micheas preached and prophesied to the people of the kingdom of Juda. What did the prophet Joel preach? Joel preached contrition, or sorrow for sin. What kind of contrition did he preach? Joel preached interior contrition. The Prophets Joel and Micheas. 211 How do we know that he preached interior contri¬ tion? We know from his words that he preached interior contrition; he said: “Rend your hearts, and not your garments.” When is our contrition interior? Our contrition is interior when it comes from the heart, and not merely from the lips. How did Joel call attention to his preaching? Joel called attention to his preaching by foretelling the conquest and destruction of the nation by the Babylonians, and reminding the people of the mercy of God. How did Micheas call attention to his preaching? Micheas called attention to his preaching by proph¬ esying the conquest of Juda and the destruction of Jerusalem. What did Micheas prophesy concerning Our Re¬ deemer? Micheas prophesied that He would be horn in Beth¬ lehem. What did he say concerning Bethlehem ? He said: “And thou, Bethlehem Ephrata, art a little one among the thousands of Juda: out of thee shall He come forth unto me, that is to be the Ruler in Israel.” What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it not to put off our conver¬ sion, hut to follow at once the call of grace. 212 Final Overthrow of the Kingdom of Israel. LXXIII. KING OZIAS USURPS THE PRIESTLY FUNCTIONS, AND IS STRICKEN WITH LEPROSY. What does this lesson relate? It relates that King Ozias usurped the office of priest, and that God punished him for it with leprosy. How did he usurp the office of priest? He entered the holy of holies and burnt incense on V the altar. Was not every one allowed to enter the holy of holies? No. only the high priests were allowed to enter the holy of holies. Rid Christ establish a priesthood in the New Law? Yes, Christ did establish a priesthood in the New Law. Which are the special rights and duties of the priests of the New Law? The special rights and duties of the priests of the New Law are principally three: (1), To say Mass; (2), To administer the sacraments; (3), To teach and govern the faithful. Did not Christ give all the members of His Church equal rights? No, the right to teach and to administer the sacra¬ ments Christ gave to the Apostles alone and to their successors. Why did Christ institute the priesthood? Christ instituted the priesthood to continue His own work on earth. King Ozias Usurps the Priestly Functions. 213 Who opposed Ozias? The high priest opposed him. Why was the high priest obliged to oppose the king? He was obliged to oppose the king because what Ozias purposed to do was forbidden by God. When are we not allowed to obey our parents or lawful superiors ? We are not allowed to obey our parents or lawful superiors whenever they command anything sinful. What led Ozias to commit this sin? Pride led him to commit this sin. How was he led by pride to commit the sin? He was led by pride to disregard the regulations of God concerning the rights of the priests. What was the cause of his pride ? His kingly office, power, and influence were the cause of his pride. How did God punish him ? God punished him by striking him with leprosy. Why did God punish him? God punished him: (1), To warn the temporal au¬ thorities not to interfere with the rights of His priests; (2), To show that the priesthood was established by Himself. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to submit humbly to all the rules and regulations of the Church, and always to respect the priest as the representative of Jesus Christ. 214 Final Overthrow of the Kingdom of Israel, LXXIY. THE PROPHECIES OF ISAIAS. What does this lesson relate? It relates the prophecies foretold by Isaias concern¬ ing the Redeemer. What did Isaias prophesy concerning the Re¬ deemer? Concerning the Redeemer he prophesied: (1), That He is God; (2), That He would spring from the house of David; (3), That He would be born of a virgin; (4), That His coming would be announced by a forerunner; (5), That He would perform great miracles; (G), That He would suffer freely and patiently; (7), That He would rise from the dead; (8), That He would be glorified. What did he prophesy concerning the divinity of the Redeemer? Concerning the divinity of the Redeemer he proph¬ esied: “ God Himself will come and save you,” and he called the Redeemer, “ Emmanuel,” God with us. How do we know that Jesus Christ is true God? We know that Jesus Christ is true God: (1), From the prophets; (2), From the testimony of His heavenly Father; (3), From His own testimony; (4), From the testimony of His Apostles, and (5), From the testi¬ mony of His Church. What do the prophets call the promised Re¬ deemer? The prophets call Jesus God, God with us, the Most Holy, the Wonderful, and the Father of the future. The Prophecies of Isaias. 215 What did he prophesy concerning the descent of Christ from the house of David ? Concerning the descent of Christ he prophesied: “ There shall come forth a rod out of the root of Jesse, and a flower shall rise up out of his root.” What did he prophesy concerning the birth of Christ ? Concerning the birth of Christ he prophesied: “A virgin shall conceive, and bear a son, and His name shall be called f Emmanuel/ that is, ‘ God with us/ ” From whom did Christ take His human nature? Christ took His human nature from the Virgin Mary. What did Isaias prophesy concerning the fore¬ runner of Our Redeemer? Concerning the forerunner of Christ he prophesied: “ The voice of one crying in the desert: Prepare ye the way of the Lord, make straight in the wilderness the paths of our God.” Who was the forerunner of Our Redeemer? St. John the Baptist was the forerunner of Our Redeemer. How did he prepare the way for the coming Re¬ deemer? He prepared the way by preaching penance. What did Isaias prophesy concerning the miracles of Christ? Concerning the miracles of Christ he prophesied: “ Then shall the eyes of the blind be opened, and the ears of the deaf shall be unstopped.” Mention some of Christ’s miracles. Christ changed water into wine, and fed over five 216 Final Overthrow of the Kingdom of Israel. thousand with five loaves of bread; with a word He stilled the wind and waves, He cured all kinds of dis¬ eases instantly, and raised the dead to life. What did Isaias prophesy concerning Christ’s Passion? Concerning Christ's Passion he prophesied: “ De¬ spised, and the most abject of men, a man of sorrows. . . . He hath borne our infirmities. . . . He was wounded for our iniquities, He was bruised for our sins, and by His bruises we are healed. The Lord hath laid on Him the iniquity of us all.” What else did he prophesy concerning Christ’s Passion? lie prophesied that He would suffer freely. Repeat the words of this prophecy. “ He was offered because it was His own will, and He opened not His mouth.” What did Jesus Christ suffer? Jesus Christ suffered a bloody sweat, a cruel scourg¬ ing, was crowned with thorns, and was crucified. Why did Christ suffer and die? Christ suffered and died for our sins. What did Isaias prophesy concerning Christ’s Resurrection? Concerning Christ’s Resurrection he prophesied: “ His sepulchre will be glorious.” How do we know that Christ arose from the dead ? We know that Christ arose from the dead: (1), From the testimony of the Apostles; (2), From the silence of the Jewish synagogue; (3), From the large number who at once embraced the faith of the risen The Pious King Ezechias. 217 Christ; (4), From the miracles wrought by the Apostles through their faith in the risen Christ. Why did Christ rise from the dead ? Christ rose from the dead: (1), To prove that He is God; (2), To perfect the work of our salvation. 1 How did Isaias prophesy that Christ would be glorified ? He prophesied: “The Gentiles shall beseech Him.” Why did Christ ascend into heaven? Christ ascended into heaven: (1)^ To take pos¬ session of His glory; ( 2 ), To intercede for us with His Father; (3), To prepare a place for us in heaven. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to thank Christ for having, through His suffering and death, delivered us from sin and eternal death. LXXY. THE PIOUS KING EZECHIAS. What does this lesson relate? It relates that King Ezechias prayed to God in time of sickness and need, and was heard. Which was the characteristic virtue of Ezechias ? The characteristic virtue of Ezechias was piety. How did Ezechias show his piety? He showed his piety: (1), By abolishing idolatry; (2), By praying to God. How did God punish the inhabitants of Juda for their idolatry ? God permitted them to fall repeatedly into the hands of their enemies, and either perish in battle or he taken into captivity. 218 Final Overthrow of the Kingdom of Israel. Who harassed King Ezechias ? Sennacherib, King of the Assyrians, harassed him. How did he harass Ezechias? He besieged him, with a powerful army, in the city of Jerusalem. What did Ezechias do under these circumstances? He had recourse to prayer. How did God hear the prayer of Ezechias? An angel entered the camp of the Assyrians, and one night slew one hundred and eighty-five thousand and saved the city of Jerusalem. How did Ezechias behave in sickness? He prayed to God to be cured. How did he pray? He prayed: “ I beseech Thee, 0 Lord, remember how I have walked before Thee in truth, and with a perfect heart, and have done that which is pleasing before Thee.” What was the characteristic of his prayer? It was full of confidence. When do we pray with confidence? We pray with confidence when we feel certain that God will hear our prayer. How did God reward Ezechias for his confidence? God heard his prayer, and added fifteen years to his life. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to pray to God in sickness and in danger. Judith . 219 LXXVI. JUDITH. What does this lesson relate? It relates that Judith, a pious widow, averted a terrible disaster from the Jewish nation. In what did this disaster consist? Holofernes, the commander-in-chief of the Assy¬ rians, besieged the city of Bethulia, and threatened it with destruction. Where is Bethulia? Bethulia is on the northern side of the Gelboe Mountains. How did Holofernes harass the city ? He dug a trench around the city, and cut off its water supply. Who saved the city? Judith saved the city. Who asked her to pray for the people? The Ancients asked her. What did she recommend? She recommended penance and prayer. Why did the Ancients ask the prayer of Judith? They asked the prayer of Judith because they thought that the prayer of a pious person availeth much with God. What does the Catholic Church teach about vener¬ ating and praying to the saints? The Catholic Church teaches that it is proper and wholesome to venerate and pray to the saints. 220 Final Overthrow of tlie Kingdom of Israel. Did God hear the prayer of Judith? Yes; while she prayed, God inspired her with the thought of killing Holofernes.' How did Judith carry out the plan to kill Holo¬ fernes ? She put of! her penitential dress, arrayed herself in her richest garments, and entered the tent of Holo¬ fernes. What did she do afterwards? She gained the good-will of Holofernes, obtained permission to enter his tent at all times, and one night while he was sleeping off a debauch she slew him. Was Judith justified in killing Holofernes? Yes; because God, who is sovereign Lord of all, inspired her to do it. Mention the characteristic virtues of Judith. The characteristic virtues of Judith were, confi¬ dence in God, piety, self-denial, humility, fortitude, and love of country. How do we know that Judith had confidence in God? We know that she had confidence in God because she was certain that God would help her in her perilous undertaking. How do we know that she was pious? We know that she was pious because she spent a great deal of time in prayer. How do we know that Judith practised self-denial? We know that she practised self-denial because she led a pure life, and performed works of mortification. Judith . 221 How do we know that she was humble ? We know that she was humble because she did not rely on her own strength, but on God’s help. How do we know that she possessed the virtue of fortitude ? We know that she possessed the virtue of fortitude because she risked her life to save her country. Of whom is Judith a type? Judith is a type of the Blessed Virgin. How is Judith a type of the Blessed Virgin? Judith was a courageous woman, Mary is Queen of martyrs; Judith destroyed the enemy of her people, Mary, through Christ, destroyed the enemy of man¬ kind; Judith received the praises of her people, Mary’s praises are sung by angels and men. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to strengthen ourselves against temptation through the frequent reception of the sacraments. THE DESTRUCTION OF THE KINGDOM OF JUDA. LXXYII. DAXIEL IN THE BABYLONIAN CAPTIVITY. What does this lesson relate? It relates that King Nabuchodonosor took Jeru¬ salem, led the Jews into captivity, and that Daniel and his three companions remained true to their religion. Why did God send this terrible visitation on the Jews? God sent this terrible visitation on the Jews be¬ cause they repeatedly rejected His grace. What sin did Nabuchodonosor commit by destroy¬ ing the Temple? By destroying the Temple he committed a sacrilege. What is a sacrilege? A sacrilege is the abuse of a person, place, or thing consecrated to God. What does the event related in this lesson show? It shows that God is long-suffering and just. How does it show that God is long-suffering? It shows that He is long-suffering because He waited a long time before He punished the Jews, 22 ? Daniel in the Babylonian Captivity. 223 How does it show that God is just? It shows that He is just because we see from it how severely He punishes. Who describes the destruction and disgrace of Jerusalem? The prophet Jeremias, in his Lamentations, de¬ scribes the destruction and disgrace of Jerusalem. To what else do the Lamentations refer'’ They also refer to the humiliation and shame which Our Lord suffered during His bitter Passion. When are selections from the Lamentations sung ? Selections from the Lamentations are sung the last three days of Holy Week. Which part of the Lamentations refers particularly to Our Lord and His suffering Mother? The part that refers particularly to Our Lord and His suffering Mother is as follows: “ 0 all ye that pass by the way, attend, and see if there be any sorrow like to my sorrow.” Which virtues did Daniel and his three companions practise ? They practised self-denial and fortitude. How do we know that they practised self-denial? We know that they practised self-denial because they chose to eat vegetables and water rather than sin by eating the meats of the heathens. How do we know that they practised fortitude ? We know that they practised fortitude because they persevered in their good resolution despite many temptations and dangers. 224 The Destruction of the Kingdom of Juda. Who are obliged to abstain from flesh-meat on Fridays and other days of abstinence ? All Catholics who have reached the use of reason are obliged to abstain. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to keep conscientiously fast days and days of abstinence. LXXYIII. DANIEL SAVES THE CHASTE SUSANNA. What does this lesson relate? It relates that Daniel saved the honor and life of the chaste Susanna. Who was Susanna? Susanna was the wife of Joakim. Who tried to induce Susanna to sin? Two wicked judges tried to induce her to sin. What sin did they try to induce her to commit ? They tried to induce her to commit a sin against the sixth Commandment. What does the sixth Commandment forbid? The sixth Commandment forbids all unchaste free¬ dom with another’s wife or husband; also.all immodesty with ourselves or others in looks, dress, words, or actions. How did the judges tempt Susanna? The judges hid in Joakim’s garden, and when his wife entered they tried to induce her to do an unchaste action. Daniel Saves the Chaste Susanna. 225 What did they do when Susanna refused? When Susanna refused they threatened to tell that they had caught her committing sin. What did Susanna reply? Susanna replied: “ If I do this thing, it is death to me; and if I do it not, I shall not escape your hands. But it is better for me to fall into your hands without doing it, than to sin in the sight of the Lord.” What enabled Susanna to overcome the tempta¬ tion? The thought that God was present and knew all things, helped her to overcome the temptation. How did the wicked judges revenge themselves on Susanna? They revenged themselves on Susanna by accusing her of having committed adultery. Did the people believe the judges? Yes; they believed the judges, and condemned Susanna to death. How many Commandments did the judges break? They broke the fifth, eighth, and ninth Command¬ ments. How did they break the fifth Commandment ? They broke the fifth Commandment by giving scandal and causing Susanna to be condemned to death. How did they break the eighth Commandment? They broke the eighth Commandment: (1), By bearing false witness; (2), By slander. How did they break the ninth Commandment? They broke the ninth Commandment by coveting their neighbor’s wife. 226 The Destruction of the Kingdom of Juda. How do we injure the soul of our neighbor? We injure the soul of our neighbor by giving scandal, that is by trying to lead him into sin, or by being the occasion of his sin. How do we injure the body of our neighbor? We injure the body of our neighbor: (1), By kill¬ ing, striking, or wounding him unjustly; (2), By em¬ bittering or shortening his life by bad treatment. Who saved the reputation and life of Susanna? Daniel did. How did Daniel save Susanna? He saved her by proving to the people that the judges bore false witness against her. How did he prove this? He proved it by showing that they gave contra¬ dictory testimony. How were the judges punished? They were stoned to death. Which were the characteristic virtues of Susanna? The characteristic virtues of Susanna were forti¬ tude and purity. How do we know that she possessed the virtue of fortitude? We know that she possessed the virtue of fortitude because she preferred to die rather than commit a mortal sin. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to say a short prayer daily to the Blessed Virgin to obtain for us the grace to be pure in thought, word, and action, and to be ready to die rather than commit a mortal sin. The Three Young Men in the Fiery Furnace. 227 LXXIX. THE THREE YOUNG MEN IN THE FIERY FURNACE. What does this lesson relate ? It relates that three young men were cast into a fiery furnace for refusing to adore a golden statue, and were preserved by almighty God. Who commanded them to adore the golden statue? Nabuchodonosor, King of Babylon, commanded them. What had Nabuchodonosor decreed concerning the adoration of the golden statue ? Nabuchodonosor had decreed: “If any man shall not fall down and adore, he shall the same hour be cast into a furnace of burning fired’ Who refused to obey the decree of the king ? Three youths, Ananias, Misael, and Azarias, refused. Are we allowed to pray to or adore the pictures and images of Christ and His saints ? No, we are not allowed to pray to them or adore them. Why do we show respect to pictures and images of Christ and His saints? We show respect to pictures and images of Christ and His saints: (1), Because they represent Christ and the saints; (2), Because they inspire us with pious thoughts. Which virtues did the young men in the fiery furnace display? They displayed the virtues of faith, hope, and charity. 228 The Destruction of the Kingdom of Juda, What is faith? Faith is a divine virtue by which we believe all that God has revealed, because lie can neither deceive nor be deceived. Which were the qualities of their faith? Their faith was firm and constant. How do we know that their faith was firm? We know that their faith was firm because nothing could weaken it. How do we know that their faith was constant? We know that their faith was constant because they were prepared to sutler the greatest torments rather than deny it. Will faith alone save us? No, faith without good works will not save us. How do we know that they possessed the virtue of hope? We know that they possessed the virtue of hope because they trusted in God to save them. What is hope? Hope is a divine virtue by which we trust that God will give us eternal life and the means to obtain it. How do we know that they possessed the virtue of charity ? We know that they possessed the virtue of charity because they were ready to sacrifice their lives for the love of God. What is charity? Charity is a divine virtue by which we love God above all things for His own sake, and our neighbor as ourselves for the love of God. The Three Young Men in the Fiery Furnace. 229 How may we know that we love God? We may know that we love God if we keep His Commandments. Should we make acts of faith, hope, and charity? We should frequently make acts of faith, hope, and charity, especially in temptation, in danger, and at the hour of our death. How did God reward the three young men? God rewarded them by working a great miracle. What was the miracle? When the young men were cast into the burning furnace, an angel extinguished the flames, but caused them to burn outside and consume those who had thrown the young men into the furnace. Did Nabuchodonosor recognize this miracle? Yes, he acknowledged the almighty power of the one true God, and decreed that whosoever would blas¬ pheme the God of Ananias, Misael, and Azarias should be put to death. What did Nabuchodonosor do for the three young men? He conferred many honors on them. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it: (1), To be true to our faith; (2), To make frequently acts of faith, hope, and charity. 230 The Destruction of the Kingdom of Juda. LXXX. KING BALTASSAR AND THE IDOL BEL. What does this lesson relate? It relates that God punished King Baltassar, who desecrated the sacred vessels of the Temple, and that Daniel showed the heathens the folly of their idolatry. Which sins did Baltassar commit ? Baltassar committed the sins of intemperance and sacrilege. To what sin did his intemperance lead? His intemperance led to the sin of sacrilege. In what did the sacrilege of Baltassar consist? The sacrilege of Baltassar consisted in using at a banquet the sacred vessels of the Temple, which only the priests were allowed to touch. What punishment did God announce for Baltassar because of his sacrilege ? God announced his sudden death and the loss of his kingdom. How did God announce this punishment? While the guests were still seated at the banquet, a hand was seen on the wall writing certain mysterious words. Who interpreted the words? Daniel interpreted them. How did Daniel interpret the words? Daniel said: “ Wherefore [God] hath sent the part of the hand, which hath written this that is set down. And this is the writing which is written: Mane, Thecel, 231 King Baltassar and the Idol Bel. Phares. And this is the interpretation of the word: Mane, God hath numbered thy kingdom and hath finished it. Thecel, thou art weighed in the balance, and art found wanting. Phares, thy kingdom is divided and given to the Medes and Persians/’ When was this prediction fulfilled ? It was fulfilled the same night. How was the prediction fulfilled? Baltassar was slain and the Medes and Persians under Darius took his kingdom. Of what should the end of Baltassar remind us ? It should remind us of the Particular Judgment, which takes place immediately after death. Whither does the soul go immediately after it leaves the body? Immediately after the soul leaves the body, it goes before the judgment seat of God. Whither does the soul go immediately after judg¬ ment? Immediately after judgment the soul goes either to heaven, hell, or purgatory. How did Daniel show the people the folly of idolatry ? Daniel showed the people the folly of idolatry by exposing the fraud of the heathen priests. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to meditate frequently on death. “ In all thy works remember thy last end, and thou shalt never sin ” (Ecclus. vii. 40). 232 The Destruction of the Kingdom of Judd * LXXXI. DANIEL IN THE LIONS’ DEN. What does this lesson relate? It relates that the God-fearing Daniel was perse¬ cuted and cast into a lions’ den, but was saved by a miracle. Why was Daniel persecuted? Daniel was persecuted because he had exposed the fraud of the heathen priests, destroyed the temples of the idols, and killed the dragon which the Babylonians adored. How did Daniel kill the dragon? Daniel took pitch, fat, and hair, and boiling them together made balls of them, and gave them to the dragon to swallow, whereupon it burst. How did the Babylonians vent their hatred on Daniel? They had him thrown into a lions’ den. How did God reward Daniel? God rewarded Daniel by protecting him from the lions. Who gave food to Daniel during the time he was in the lions’ den. God Himself, through the prophet Habacuc, gave food to Daniel. Why did God perform this miracle? God performed this miracle: (1), To console the Jews in captivity and to strengthen them in their faith; (2), To prove to the king that the God of the Jews was the one true God; (3), To prepare the heathens for the coming of the Redeemer. Daniel in the Lions' Den. 233 Was Daniel grateful to God for having saved his life? Yes, Daniel was very grateful to God. How did he show his gratitude ? He showed his gratitude by prayer. He said: “ Thou hast remembered me, 0 God, and Thou hast not forsaken them that love Thee.” What impression did the miracle make on the king ? The king publicly acknowledged the miracle and said: “ In all my empire and my kingdom [let] men dread and fear the God of Daniel . . . for He is the Saviour doing signs and wonders.” Of what is Daniel in the lions’ den a type? Daniel in the lions’ den is a type of the Resurrec¬ tion of Christ. How is Daniel in the lions’ den a type of the Resur¬ rection of Christ? Daniel was falsely accused and persecuted by the Babylonians, Christ was slandered and persecuted by the Jews; Daniel was cast into the lions’ den, Christ was laid in the sepulchre; Daniel’s life was preserved by a miracle, Christ arose from the dead by a miracle; Daniel was saved to prove that the God of the Jews was the true God, Christ rose from the dead to prove that He is God. What should we learn from this lesson ? We should learn from it to always put our trust in God. 234 The Destruction of the Kingdom of Juda. LXXXII. THE RETURN OF THE JEWS FROM THE BABYLONIAN CAPTIVITY. What does this lesson relate ? It relates: (1), That the Jews returned from cap¬ tivity and rebuilt their Temple; (2), It tells us what the last prophets foretold about the coming Redeemer. Which prophets foretold the return of the Jews from the Babylonian captivity ? Jeremias and Daniel foretold their return. Who gave the Jews permission to return into their own country? The Persian king Cyrus gave them permission. Who led the Jews back? Zorobabel led them back. What does the return of the Jews show? The return of the Jews shows that God is faithful. What should we learn from God’s faithfulness? From God’s faithfulness we should learn to believe in Him, hope in Him, and fear Him. What did the Jews do immediately after their return to Judea? Immediately after their return to Judea, the Jews began to build their Temple. Who encouraged them to do this ? The prophets Zacharias and Aggeus encouraged them. How did the prophet Aggeus encourage them ? Aggeus encouraged them by assuring them that the glory of the second Temple would be greater than the first. The Return of the Jews from Captivity. 235 Why was the glory of the second Temple greater than the first? The glory of the second Temple was greater than the first, because the Messias entered the former. How did Aggeus prophesy this event? Aggeus said: “ And the Desired of all nations shall come: and I will fill this house with glory, saith the Lord of hosts.” How did Zacharias encourage the Jews? He encouraged them by reminding them of the coming of the Redeemer. What did Zacharias prophesy concerning the Re¬ deemer ? Zacharias prophesied: (1), The entry of the Re¬ deemer into Jerusalem; (2), The price of His betrayal; (3), His death on the cross. How did he prophesy the entry of the Redeemer into Jerusalem? Zacharias said: “Rejoice greatly, 0 daughter of Sion, shout for joy, 0 daughter of Jerusalem: Be¬ hold thy King will come to thee, the just and Saviour and riding upon an ass, and upon a colt, the foal of an ass.” How did he prophesy the price of the Redeemer’s betrayal ? He said: “And they weighed for My wages thirty pieces of silver.” How did he prophesy the death of the Redeemer on the cross? He said: “And they shall look upon Me, whom they have pierced.” 236 The Destruction of the Kingdom of Judci. How did the Jews show their gratitude to God for having delivered them from captivity? The Jews showed their gratitude to God by having the Law read publicly by Esdras, and promising, with tears, to be faithful to it. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to trust in God and to keep our bodies pure, because they are the temple of the Holy Ghost. LXXXIII. ESTHER. What does this lesson relate? It relates that Esther saved the lives of the Jews who remained in Babylon after their countrymen had returned to Judea. Why did some of the Jews remain in Babylon? They remained in Babylon because the rule of the Persian kings was very mild. What use did God make of the Jews who remained in Babylon? God made use of the Jews who remained in Baby¬ lon to instruct the heathens in the faith of the one true God, and to prepare them for the coming of the Re¬ deemer. How was it possible for the Jews to instruct the Babylonians in the true faith? It was possible for the Jews to instruct the Baby¬ lonians in the true faith because many of the former were influential with the Persian kings. Esther . 237 Why was Esther influential at the court of the king? Esther was influential at the court of the king be¬ cause of her virtue and beauty. What position did Esther occupy ? Esther was the queen of the king Assuerus. How did Esther increase her influence with the king ? Esther increased her influence with the king by in¬ forming him that two of the royal officials had con¬ spired to murder him. Who discovered the plot? Mardochai, the uncle of Esther, discovered the plot and told her of it. What did the king do after the plot was made known to him? The king had the two conspirators hanged, and the facts recorded in the annals of the kingdom. For what purpose did Esther use her influence at court ? Esther used her influence at court to promote the interests of her countrymen. Who opposed her? Aman opposed her. What was Aman’s predominant passion? Pride was Aman’s predominant passion. What do we mean by predominant passion ? By predominant passion we mean the one which is stronger than all the others. To what class of sins does pride belong? Pride belongs to the capital sins. 238 The Destruction of the Kingdom of Juda. How did Aman sin by pride ? Aman sinned by pride by desiring the people to fall down and worship him. Which sins proceeded from Aman’s pride? Slander, hatred and the desire to murder proceeded from Aman’s pride. How do we know that Aman committed the sin of slander ? We know that Aman committed the sin of slander because he falsely accused Mardochai of conspiracy. How do we know that Aman desired to commit murder ? We know that he desired to commit murder because he tried to put Mardochai and all the Jews to death. Who saved the Jews? Esther saved them. What did Esther do to save her people? Esther prayed to God, then went to Assuerus and besought him to spare the Jews. How did God bring about the hearing of Esther’s prayer ? God brought about the hearing of Esther’s prayer in the following manner. One sleepless night the king had the annals of the kingdom read to him, and when he heard that Mardochai had received no reward for discovering the conspiracy, he conferred on him the honors which Aman supposed were intended for him¬ self. How did the king receive the petition of Esther? The king received her petition favorably, spared the Jews, and had Aman, their enemy, hanged. Translation of the Old Testament into Greek. 239 What impression did this event make on the heathens ? Many of the heathens, seeing how wonderfully God had protected the Jews, embraced their religion. What do we see in this ? In this we see the wonderful providence of God, who directs all things for the best. Of whom is Esther a type ? Esther is a type of the Blessed Virgin Mary. How is Esther a type of the Blessed Virgin? Esther was made queen on account of her beauty, Mary was made Queen of heaven on account of her virtues; Esther alone was exempt from the cruel law of the king, Mary alone was free from original sin; Esther frustrated the designs of Aman, the enemy of her people, Mary crushed the head of Satan^ the enemy of mankind; Esther interceded for her people, Mary is continually interceding for us before the throne of God. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it: (1), To always hear in mind that God does everything for the best; (2), To say a short prayer each day to the Blessed Virgin. LXXXIV. TRANSLATION OF THE OLD TESTA¬ MENT INTO GREEK.— ECCLESIASTICUS. What does this lesson relate? It relates that the hooks of the Old Testament were translated from Hebrew into Greek, and also relates some of the sayings of the book of Ecclesiasticus. 240 The Destruction of the Kingdom of Juda. Who had the books of the Old Testament translated into Greek? The Egyptian king Ptolemy Philadelphus had them translated. Who made the translation? Seventy-two wise men made it. What is this translation called? It is called the Septuagint, from the fact that seventy-two men made it. Where was this translation made? It was made in Alexandria. What was one of the results of this translation ? One of the results of this translation was to make the word of God known to the Gentiles, and to pre¬ pare them for the coming of the Redeemer. Why did this translation make known the Word of God to the Gentiles ? This translation made known the word of God to the Gentiles because the Greek language was spoken throughout the world at that time. When was the translation made ? The translation was made about the year 285 b.c. Who wrote the book of Sirach or Ecelesiasticus ? Jesus, son of Sirach, wrote Ecelesiasticus. What does Ecelesiasticus contain? Ecelesiasticus contains a collection of sayings that admonish us to shun sin and practise virtue. Which virtues especially does Ecelesiasticus recom¬ mend ? It recommends especially the fear of God, respect for parents, love of neighbors, discretion, conscien¬ tiousness, and love of truth. Translation of the Old Testament into Greek . 241 How does it recommend the fear of God? It recommends the fear of God in the following words: “ The fear of the Lord is the beginning [and a crown] of wisdom.” How does it recommend respect for parents? It recommends respect for parents in the following words: “Hear the judgment of your father . . . and grieve him not in his life.” How does it recommend love of our neighbor? It recommends love of our neighbor in the follow¬ ing words: “ Be in peace with many.” How does it recommend discretion? It recommends discretion in the following words: “ Before thou hear, answer not a word, and interrupt not others in the midst of their discourse. Hedge in thy ears with thorns . . . and make doors and bars to thy mouth.” How does it recommend conscientiousness? It recommends conscientiousness in the following words: “In every work of thine regard thy soul in faith, for this is the keeping of the Commandments.” Against which sins does Ecclesiasticus warn us? It warns us against lying, slander, back-biting, taking the name of God in vain, and swearing. How does it warn us against lying? It warns us against lying in the following words: “A lie is a foul blot in a man. ... In no wise speak against the truth, but be ashamed of the lie in thy ignorance.” How does it warn us against slander and back¬ biting ? It warns us against slander and back-biting in the 242 The Destruction of the Kingdom of Juda. following words: “ Hast thou heard a word against thy neighbor? Let it die within thee.” When do we sin by back-biting? We sin by hack-biting as often as we reveal the faults of another without sufficient reason. How does Ecclesiasticus warn us against taking the name of God in vain? It warns us against taking the name of God in vain in the following words: “ Let not the naming of God be usual in thy mouth.” How does Ecclesiasticus warn us against swearing? It warns us against swearing in the following words: “ A man that sweareth much shall be filled with iniquity, and a scourge shall not depart from his house.” When do we sin by swearing? We sin by swearing: (1), When we swear to what we know to be false or doubtful; (2), When we swear without necessity; (3), When we swear to do evil and avoid good; (4), When we do not keep our oath. Does Ecclesiasticus warn us only against sin? No, it warns us also against the occasion of sin. How does it warn us against the occasion of sin? It warns us against the occasion of sin in the fol¬ lowing words: “ He that loveth danger, shall perish in it: and he that toucheth pitch shall he defded with it.” What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to follow the rules laid down in the book of Ecclesiasticus. The Martyrdom of Eleazar. 243 LXXXY. THE MARTYRDOM OF ELEAZAR. What does this lesson relate ? It relates: (1), That King Antiochns oppressed the Jews on account of their religion; (2), That Eleazar, a Jew, suffered martyrdom for his faith. Who was Antiochns ? Antiochus was King of Syria. When did Judea come under the rule of the of Syria? Judea came under the rule of the kings of about the year 200 b.c. How did Antiochus oppress the Jews? He ordered: (1), All the sacred hooks to he burnt, and (2), He forbade the observance of the Jewish Law under penalty of death. How did the Jews receive the order of the king? Many of the Jews denied their faith, but others remained constant and refused to obey the order of the king. For what was Eleazar known? Eleazar was known for his fear of God, and his lively and constant faith. How do we know that Eleazar’s faith was lively ? We know that Eleazar’s faith was lively because he not only believed in the Jewish religion hut also lived up to it: and furthermore because he would not give scandal to the J ewish youth by even appearing to break the Law. kings Syria 244 The Destruction of the Kingdom of Juda. How do we know that Eleazar would not give scandal to the Jewish youth? We know it from his own words: “ It doth not be¬ come our age, said he, to dissemble:” if I feigned to comply with the king’s command, the young men of our nation might be tempted to say: the aged Eleazar has become a pagan, why may not we do the same? How do we know that Eleazar’s faith was constant ? We know that Eleazar’s faith was constant because he preferred to suffer death rather than eat pork, which was forbidden by the Jewish Law. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to profess our faith publicly when necessary, never to be ashamed of it, and to be strictly truthful. LXXXYI. THE MARTYRDOM OF THE SEVEN MACHABEES. What does this lesson relate? It relates that the seven Machabee brothers and their mother were cruelly tortured and finally put to death for their faith. What virtue do we admire in the Machabees? We admire their courageous and constant faith. How do we know that their faith was courageous ? We know that their faith was courageous because they professed it by word and deed. When did they profess their faith by word? They professed their faith by word, when they said: “ The King of the world will raise us up, who die for His laws, in the resurrection of eternal life.” The Martyrdom of the Seven Machabees. 245 What do these words express ? These words express the Machabees’ belief in the resurrection of the body. How did the Machabees profess their faith by deed? The Machabees professed their faith by deed by refusing to eat pork. How do we know that their faith was constant ? We know that their faith was constant from their own words: “ We are ready to die rather than to trans¬ gress the laws of God, received from our fathers.” Which virtues do we admire in the mother of the Machabees ? We admire her courageous fulfilment of her duty as mother, and her heroic faith. How did she fulfil her duty as mother courageously ? She fulfilled her duty as mother courageously by encouraging her sons, while they were being tortured, to persevere to the end and to die for their faith. How do we know that her faith was heroic ? We know that her faith was heroic because she not only died for her religion, but witnessed the tortures of her sons, and as their mother, suffered with them. What encouraged her to suffer so heroically? Her faith in God and the hope of eternal reward encouraged her. In what does the happiness of the blessed in heaven consist ? The happiness of the blessed in heaven consists: (1), In seeing God as He is and in being united with Him in the closest bond of love; (2), In being free from 246 The Destruction of the Kingdom of Juda t all evil and pain, and in enjoying the company of the saints and angels for all eternity. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to mortify our body and keep it pure, so that it will rise again glorious on the last day. LXXXVII. THE SACRIFICE AND HEROIC DEEDS OF JUDAS MACHABEUS. What does this lesson relate? It relates: (1), That Antiochus died a terrible death; (2), That Judas Machabeus fought valiantly against the enemies of Israel. How did God punish Antiochus? God punished Antiochus by afflicting him with a loathsome disease that covered his whole body. What impression did his affliction make on Anti¬ ochus? Antiochus repented of his sins, prayed to God for health, promised to cease persecuting the Jews, and to publicly proclaim the power of the one true God. Did God hear his prayer? No, God did not hear his prayer. Why did God not hear his prayer? God did not hear his prayer because his sorrow was not supernatural. How do we know that his sorrow was not super¬ natural ? We know that his sorrow was not supernatural be¬ cause he repented only to be cured of his sickness. The Sacrifice and Deeds of Judas Machabeus. 247 When is our contrition or sorrow supernatural? Our contrition or sorrow is supernatural when it is prompted by the grace of God and excited by motives which spring from faith, and not by mere natural motives. How did Antiochus die? Antiochus died a miserable death in a strange country. Who was Mathathias? Mathathias was a Jewish priest, the father of Judas Machabeus. For what was Mathathias known ? Mathathias was known for his zeal for religion. In what did his zeal consist? His zeal consisted in his earnest desire to preserve the faith in the one true God. How did he manifest his zeal? He manifested his zeal in his words and deeds. How did he manifest his zeal in his words? He manifested his zeal in his challenge to his coun¬ trymen to fight for their religion: “Every one that hath zeal for the Law and maintaineth the Testament, let him follow me.” How did he manifest his zeal in his deeds ? He manifested his zeal in his deeds by striking down a Jew who was about to offer sacrifice to the idols. For what was Judas Machabeus known? Judas Machabeus was known for his bravery, his trust in God, and his faith. 248 The Destruction of the Kingdom of Juda, How did he show his bravery? He showed his bravery by fighting like a lion against the enemies of his country and his religion. What inspired his bravery? His zeal for the honor of God and his love of country inspired his bravery. Should we love our country? Yes, we should love our country 7 , and be ready, if necessary, to die for it. But we should love God even more than our country. How do we know that Judas Machabeus trusted in God? We know that he trusted in God because he always prayed before battle. How did Judas show his faith? He showed his faith by having sacrifice offered for those who had, by reason of their superstitious prac¬ tices, fallen in battle. What does this prove? It proves that Judas Machabeus and the Jews of his time believed: (1), In the immortality of the soul; (2), In purgatory; (3), In the communion of saints. Which souls go to purgatory ? The souls of the just who depart this life in venial sin or without having done sufficient penance go to purgatory. How long will purgatory exist? Purgatory will exist until the Hay of Judgment. How do we know that there is a purgatory? We know that there is a purgatory from the teach¬ ing and practice of the Church. The Last Days before the Coming of Christ. 249 What does the Church teach concerning purgatory ? Concerning purgatory the Church teaches: (1), That there is a purgatory; (2), That the soul in pur¬ gatory can be helped by the Sacrifice of the Mass and our prayers. Why should we pray for the souls in purgatory ? We should pray for the souls in purgatory: (1), In order to shorten their suffering and hasten their enter¬ ing into heaven; (2), That they may intercede for us; (3), To lay up merits for ourselves. What should we learn from this lesson ? We should learn from it: (1), To pray for the souls of the faithful departed, especially our parents, brothers, and sisters, relatives and friends; (2), To do penance for our sins in this life that we may not have to suffer in the life to come. LXXXYIII. THE LAST DAYS BEFORE THE COMING OF CHRIST. What does this lesson relate ? It relates the condition of things among the Jews and Gentiles just before the birth of Christ. What was the condition of the Jews just before the birth of Christ? Just before the birth of Christ the Jews still wor¬ shipped God with their lips, hut their hearts were far from Him. They were divided into many sects, and had fallen under the sway of the Romans. Which were the principal sects? The principal sects were the Pharisees, the Saddu- cees, and the Essenes. 250 The Destruction of the Kingdom of Juda. Who were the Pharisees? The Pharisees were men who observed the Law outwardly, and performed good works to find favor with the people. They were hypocrites who imposed many unnecessary laws on the Jews. Who were the Sadducees? The Sadducees were men who did not believe in the immortality of the soul, and led a frivolous and wicked life. Who were the Essenes? The Essenes were strict observers of the Law, led a pious life, had their worldly goods in common, but did not frequent the Temple. In how far had the Jews fallen under the sway of the Romans? The Romans had taken possession of Judea, and had made Herod, a foreigner, king of the Jews. What prophecy do we see fulfilled in this fact? In this fact we see the fulfilment of the prophecy of Jacob, that the sceptre would not pass from Juda before the Messias would come. What was the condition of the heathens? The heathens were sunk in idolatry, immorality, and misery. What was one of the consequences of this condition of things? One of the consequences was that the better dis¬ posed longed more ardently for a Redeemer. What would have happened to mankind had God not sent the Redeemer? Had God not sent the Redeemer mankind would have been excluded forever from heaven. The Last Days before the Coming of Christ. 251 What would have become of those who did not commit a mortal sin? Those who did not commit a mortal sin would not be admitted to heaven, neither would they be con¬ demned to hell. Why would they not be condemned to hell ? They would not be condemned to hell because only those who are guilty of actual mortal sin are punished in hell. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it: (1), To thank Our Lord for having redeemed us from sin; (2), To be careful to apply to our soul the graces of the Redemption. THE NEW TESTAMENT. I. THE ANNOUNCEMENT OF THE BIRTH OF ST. JOHN THE BAPTIST. What does this lesson relate ? It relates that in the reign of King Herod, an angel announced to Zachary the birth of St. John. How many kings called “ Herod ” are mentioned in the New Testament? Four kings called Herod are mentioned. What were their names? Their names were: (1), Herod the Great, who ordered the slaughter of the innocent children in Beth¬ lehem; (2), Herod Antipas, who had St. John the Baptist beheaded; (3), Herod Agrippa I., during whose reign St. James the Elder was beheaded; (4), Herod Agrippa II., before whom St. Paul defended himself. Which King Herod ruled over Judea at the time the birth of St. John was announced? % Herod the Great ruled over Judea at that time. Why does the Bible mention in this account that Herod governed Judea? The Bible mentions this in order to show that the sceptre had passed from Juda, that the fulness of time 253 254 The New Testament. had come, and that the coming of the Messias was at hand. Where did Zachary and Elizabeth live? They lived in a little village in the mountains of Judea. What part of Palestine was called Judea? The southern part was called Judea. What was the central part called? The central part was called Samaria. What was the northern part called? The northern part was called Galilee. For what were Zachary and Elizabeth known? They were known for their piety and their fear of the Lord. How do we know that they feared the Lord? We know that they feared the Lord because they kept His Commandments. How do we know that they were pious? We know that they were pious because they prayed a great deal. For what did they pray in particular? They prayed in particular for a son. How did they pray? They prayed with perseverance. How do we know that they prayed with persever¬ ance? We know that they prayed with perseverance be¬ cause they were not discouraged but continued to pray when God did not hear their prayer at once. The Birth of St. John the Baptist. 255 Did God hear their prayer at last? Yes, God heard their prayer at last and sent an angel to announce the birth of a son. What does the word “ angel ” mean? “ Angel ” means messenger, or ambassador of God. What message did the angel bring to Zachary? The angel told him that his prayer had been heard, and that a son would be horn to him. What name was he to give his son? He was to call him John. What does the word “ John” mean? “John” means a gift of God. For what work did God intend St. John? God intended St. John to prepare the way for the coming Redeemer. How was he to prepare the way for the coming Redeemer? He was to prepare the way for the Redeemer by preaching penance. How did St. John preach penance? St. John preached penance by his own example, by leading a most strict life, and by his words: “Do penance, for the kingdom of heaven is at hand.” With what other preacher of penance does the angel compare St. John? The angel compares him with the prophet Elias, who was also a most forcible preacher of penance. Did Zachary believe the angel? Ho, he doubted his words. How do we know that Zachary doubted ? We know that he doubted because he said, “ Whereby shall I know this ? ” 256 The Nexo Testament, How did the angel show Zachary that he was telling the truth ? He called Zachary by name and said: “ I am Gabriel, who stand before God: and am sent to speak to thee, and bring thee these good tidings. And be¬ hold, thou shalt be dumb and shalt not be able to speak, until the day wherein these things shall come to pass, because thou hast not believed my words.” What does the name “ Gabriel” mean? “ Gabriel ” means the strength of God. Why did he bear this name? He bore this name, because he was to announce the coming of Christ, “ the Strong One ” who would over¬ come Satan. What did the angel do then to Zachary? The angel caused him to be struck dumb. How would this punishment prove the truth of the angel’s words? This sudden punishment would show Zachary that the angel could work miracles and therefore had been sent by God. Which Commandment of God forbids us to doubt in matters of faith? The first Commandment forbids us to doubt in matters of faith. How do we sin against faith? We sin against faith: (1), By not trying to know what God has taught; (2), By refusing to believe all that God has taught; (3), By neglecting to profess our belief in what God has taught. The Announcement of the Birth of Jesus. 257 Why did the angel punish Zachary by making him “ dumb ” and not in some other way ? The angel made Zachary dumb, so that he could not reveal the mystery made known to him. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to pray with perseverance. When do we pray with perseverance ? We pray with perseverance when we continue to pray fervently even if our prayer is not heard at once. II. THE ANNOUNCEMENT OF THE BIRTH OF JESUS. What does this lesson relate? It relates that the angel Gabriel foretold the birth of Jesus. To whom was the birth of Jesus announced? The birth of Jesus was announced to Mary, a poor virgin. What does the name “ Mary ” mean ? According to St. Jerome, Mary means “ the star of the sea.” Why was this name given to the Virgin? This name was given to her in order to show what God intended she should do. What did God intend Mary to do ? God intended Mary to bring Christ, the “ True Light,” into the world. Who called Christ a “ light ” ? The aged Simeon in the Temple called Christ “ a light to the revelation of the Gentiles.” J7«f JTew Testament* eos Whv do we call Marv ** star of the sea " ? m w We call Marv “ -tar of the sea.*' because she is our m star of hope on the stormy sea of this life. To what family Aid Mary belong? Mary, as well as her spouse, St. Joseph, belonged to the house of David. Who were the parents of the Blessed Virgin? The parents of the Blessed Virgin were Joachim and Anna. Where did Marv live? w Mary lived in Nazareth. Where is Nazareth? Nazareth is in the southern part of Galilee. What was the principal delight of the Blessed Virgin? Her principal delight was prayer. Wha: was Mary doing when the angel appeared to her? When the angel appeared to her she was praying in the solitude of her own room. How did the angel address Mary? He addressed her with these w-rds: "Had, full of grace, the Lord is with thee: Blessed art thon among women.** H:w did Mary receive the salutation of the angel? She was very much troubled at it. Why was she troubled ? She was troubled because of the great honor and respect the arnel showed her. H:w did the angel address her? He called her " full of 2Tace.‘ ? Th>.e Announcement of the Birth, cf Jesus. 259 Why did he give her this Title ? The angel gave her this title because she possessed an abundance of graces, and was not only free from original sin. but also from actual sin. How was Mary free from original sin? On account of the merits of her divine Son Mary was preserved free from original sin. Why did the words of the angel trouble Mary? The words of the angel troubled Mary because she did not consider herself worthv of the honor which they implied. Of what was this a sign? It was a sim of her deep humility. Of whom does Mary remind ns here ? Mary in her humility remind' ns. by contrast, of Eve. who in her pride was tempted to sin by the natter¬ ing words of Satan: ** You shall be as gods.” Was there anv other reason whv Marv was • mm troubled ? Yes: she feared that she might lose her virginity, which she had vowed to God. How do we know that she feared she might lose her virginity ? We know it from her own words to the angel: Hew shall this be done, because I know not man? *' What did the angel answer? The angel answered: ** The Holy Ghost shaT come upon thee, and the power of the Most High shall over¬ shadow thee. And therefore also the Holy which shall be bom of thee, shall be called the Son of GodY What is the meaning of these words ? These words mean that the bodr of Chris: wi? to be m 260 The New Testament. formed in the womu of the Blessed Virgin by the power of the Holy Ghost. How many natures are there in Christ? In Christ there are two natures: divine and human. As Christ has a human and divine nature, what must we believe of Him? We must believe that Christ is true God and true man. Which article of the Creed teaches that Christ is true God and true man? The third article teaches it. Did the angel call Christ God? Yes, he called Him the Son of God, Son of the Most High, and said that He would deliver Ilis people from their sins. When do we celebrate the announcement of the birth of Christ? We celebrate the announcement of the birth of Christ on the twenty-fifth of March, the Feast of the Annunciation. When does the Church remind us of the mystery of the Incarnation of Christ? The Church reminds us of the Incarnation of Christ three times a day by ringing the Angelus bell. What should we do when the Angelus rings? As often as the Angelus rings, we should say the Angelus, beginning “ The angel of the Lord declared unto Mary,” etc. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to be humble and pure in thought, word, and action. 261 The Visitation of the Blessed Virgin . III. THE VISITATION OF THE BLESSED VIRGIN. What does this lesson relate? It relates that Mary went to visit her cousin Elizabeth to tell her of the good news which the angel had brought. Where did Elizabeth live ? Elizabeth lived in a little village among the moun¬ tains west of Jerusalem. Does this village still exist? Yes, it still exists, and is called St. John. Why was it called by this name ? It was called St. John because St. John the Baptist was born there. Why did Mary visit Elizabeth ? Mary visited Elizabeth to tell her that she had become the Mother of God. Was Elizabeth aware of the honor that had been conferred on Mary? No, but as soon as she saw Mary the Holy Ghost revealed the mystery to her. How do we know that the Holy Ghost revealed this mystery ? We learn this from the words which Elizabeth ad¬ dressed to the Blessed Virgin. How did she address the Blessed Virgin? Elizabeth addressed the Blessed Virgin in the fol¬ lowing words: “ Blessed art thou among women, and blessed is the fruit of thy womb. And whence is this 262 The New Testament. to me, that the Mother of my Lord should come to me? For behold as soon as the voice of thy salutation sounded in my ears, the infant in my womb leaped for joy. And blessed art thou that hast believed; because those things shall be accomplished, that were spoken to thee by the Lord.” What do we notice about the greeting of Eliza¬ beth? The greeting of Elizabeth is the natural continua¬ tion of the angel's salutation. What may we conclude from the greeting of Eliza¬ beth? We may conclude from this that the same person who sent the angel and inspired him to greet the Blessed Virgin, also spoke through Elizabeth, namely God Himself. How do we know that Elizabeth was aware of the sublime dignity of Mary? We know it from her own words: “Whence is this to me, that the Mother of my Lord should come to me?” What title does the Holy Ghost confer on Mary by these words of Elizabeth? He calls her the “ Mother of the Lord.” What virtue does Elizabeth praise in the Blessed Virgin ? She praises her faith. How does she praise her faith? She praises Mary’s faith in the following words: “ Blessed art thou that hast believed.” With whose faith may Mary’s be contrasted? Mary’s faith may be contrasted with Eve’s. The Visitation of the Blessed Virgin. 263 In what does this contrast consist? Eve would not believe the word of almighty God, and brought down a curse on the whole human race, but Mary believed Him and brought us all peace and happiness. How could Elizabeth call Mary the “ Mother of God ” ? Elizabeth could call Mary the “ Mother of God,” because the same person who is the Son of the Blessed Virgin is also God. Did Jesus have a father also? Ho, as man He did not have a father. Who was St. Joseph? St. Joseph was the foster father of Jesus. What follows from this truth, that Mary is the Mother of God? It follows: (1), That Mary is above all the angels and saints; (2), That every one who loves Jesus must respect His Mother. Do we adore Mary ? Ho, we only venerate her. Is there any difference between the adoration we offer to God and the veneration we pay to the Blessed Virgin ? Certainly there is: we adore God as our Supreme Master, to whom we owe everything; we venerate Mary because of the dignity which God has seen fit to confer upon her. What reply did Mary make to the greeting of her cousin? She answered her in the words of the Magnificat. 264 The New Testament. How is the Magnificat divided? It is divided into three parts. What does Mary say in the first part of the Mag¬ nificat? In the first part Mary praises God because He willed the Incarnation of II is divine Son. What does she say in the second part? In the second part Mary thanks God for having chosen her to be the Mother of llis Son. What does she say in the third part? In the third part Mary prophesies that she will be honored unceasingly till the end of time. Which are the words of her prophecy? The words of her prophecy are the following: “ Be¬ hold from henceforth all generations shall call me blessed.'’ When and where is the prophecy of Mary being fulfilled ? The prophecy of Mary is being fulfilled daily in the Catholic Church. What does this prove? It proves that the Catholic Church is the only true Church. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to pray to the Blessed Virgin, and to love her tenderly. Why should we pray to her? We should pray to her because she is so powerful as Mother of God. Why should we love her? We should love her because she is our Mother. Jesus became our Brother wdien He assumed our ■ . , I The Birth of St. John the Baptist. 2G5 nature, consequently Mary became our Mother at the moment of the Incarnation. IV. THE BIRTH OF ST. JOHN THE BAPTIST. What does this lesson relate? It relates that St. John was bom at the time fore¬ told by the angel. Who foretold the time of St. John’s birth? The angel Gabriel foretold the time of his birth. To whom did he foretell it? He foretold it to Zachary. Was the prediction fulfilled? Yes, the prediction was fulfilled when Elizabeth brought forth a son. What was his name ? His name was John. When did he receive this name? He received it at his circumcision. Why was a name given at circumcision? Circumcision was similar to our Baptism; in the New Law a child receives a name when admitted by Baptism into the Church, in the Old Law he was named when he was received into the covenant which God had made with Abraham. Was circumcision an extraordinary ceremony? Yes, circumcision was an extraordinary ceremony to which all the relatives were invited. Were others besides the invited guests present? Yes, there were usually ten witnesses present, one of whom was expected to answer the prayers. 266 The New Testament. Does this remind us of any custom in the New Testament ? It reminds us of the necessity of having sponsors at Baptism. Why are sponsors necessary? Sponsors are necessary: (1), In order to make a profession of faith for the person to be baptized; (2), To provide for the religious education of the child in case its parents fail to do so. What name was given to the child of Zachary at its circumcision ? It was called John. Did the relatives agree to this name? No, they wanted to call the child after its father, Zachary. Who opposed their wish? Elizabeth opposed the wish of the relatives, and said his name shall be John. Whence did Elizabeth know that this was to be the child’s name? Probably God revealed it to her. Who settled the dispute? Zachary settled the dispute by writing on a piece of paper, “ John is his name.” What happened then? Immediately after he had written the name his tongue was loosed and he began to speak and praise the Lord. What is his hymn of praise called? It is called the Benedictus. How is the Benedictus divided? The Benedictus is divided into two parts. The Birth of St. John the Baptist. 267 What does Zachary say in the first part ? In the first part Zachary praises the divine plan of the Redemption, which was about to be carried out. What does Zachary say in the second part ? In the second part Zachary refers to the mission of St. John in the work of the Redemption. In what did this mission consist ? St. John’s mission consisted in preparing the way for the Redeemer by exhorting the people to penance. When do we celebrate the birthday of St. John the Baptist? We celebrate his birthday on the twenty-fourth of June. Do we celebrate the birthday of any other saint ? Yes, we also celebrate the birthday of the Blessed Virgin. Do we celebrate the birthday of the rest of the saints ? No, we celebrate the day of their death. Why do we celebrate the birthday of the Blessed Virgin ? We celebrate the birthday of the Blessed Virgin because on that day she was born without sin. Was St. John also born without sin? Yes, St. John was born without sin. Is there no difference between Mary and St. John in this respect? Yes, there is a great difference between them; Mary was free from sin at the moment of her conception, when her soul was united to her body. St. John was conceived in sin, but freed from it before his birth. 268 The New Testament. Which is more Catholic, to celebrate our birthday or our namesday? It is more Catholic to celebrate our namesday. Why should we celebrate our namesday? We should celebrate our namesday because on the day we were given a name in Baptism we received the life of grace. Where did St. John spend his youth? St. John lived till his thirtieth year in the desert, and served God by fasting and prayer. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to love solitude and morti¬ fication. Y. THE BIRTH OF CHRIST. What does this lesson relate? It relates that Jesus was born in a stable at Beth¬ lehem. To whom was the Incarnation first revealed? It was first revealed to Mary and Elizabeth. To whom was it revealed afterwards? It was afterwards revealed to St. Joseph. Who revealed it to him? An angel revealed it to him. How was it revealed to him ? It was revealed to him in a dream. What did the angel say to St. Joseph? The angel told Joseph not to fear to take Mary for his spouse because she was with child, for she had con- The Birth of Christ . 269 ceived of the Holy Ghost. And that the Child’s name would be Jesus because He would save His people from their sins. Why was this revealed to St. Joseph? It was revealed to St. Joseph because he, being the spouse of the Blessed Virgin, had a right to know it, and in order that he might be the foster father of Jesus. What does the word “ Jesus” mean? “ Jesus ” means saviour or redeemer. When was this name given to the Child? This name was given Him at His circumcision. Why was He called Jesus? He was called Jesus because He was to save His people from their sins. What does “ Christ ” mean ? “ Christ ” means the anointed. Why is Jesus called "the anointed ”? Jesus is called "the anointed” because in the Old Law the prophets, kings, and priests were anointed; now in the New Law, Jesus is our King, our Priest, and our Prophet. Did the Roman Emperor Augustus issue an edict about this time ? Yes, he decreed that all the Jews should he en¬ rolled. What right did the Roman Emperor have to com¬ mand the Jews? The Roman Emperor had a right to command the Jews because they had become subjects of the Roman Empire. 270 The New Testament. Why did Augustus issue this decree? Augustus issued this decree: (1), In order to take a census of all the people; (2), In order to regulate the taxes. Where were they obliged to be enrolled? Each one was obliged to be enrolled in the city to which his family belonged. Where did Mary and Joseph have to go? They had to go to the city of Bethlehem. Why did they have to go to Bethlehem? They had to go to Bethlehem because they be¬ longed to the family of David, who was bom in Beth¬ lehem. Did they obey the command of the emperor? Yes, they obeyed his command. What virtue does their action teach us? It teaches us the virtue of obedience. What is the meaning of the word “ Bethlehem ” ? “ Bethlehem ” means the house of bread. Has it a deeper meaning? Yes, it reminds us of the birth of Him who gave us Himself, the Bread from heaven, in the Blessed Sacra¬ ment. Did Mary and St. Joseph find lodging in Jerusalem? No, they did not, and hence were obliged to take shelter in a stable outside of the city. Where is Bethlehem? Bethlehem is about five miles south of Jerusalem. What was this stable used for? It was used by the shepherds to protect themselves and their flocks against the stormy w r eather. The Birth of Christ. 271 Where was Jesus born? Jesus was born in this stable. How did Jesus enter this world? He entered this -world in the greatest poverty. Why did He enter this world in poverty? Jesus entered the world in poverty, in order to console the poor and to show the world that poverty is not a crime. Which of the prophets foretold that Bethlehem was to be the birthplace of the Redeemer? The prophet Micheas foretold that Bethlehem would be the birthplace of the Redeemer. How did he foretell it ? He foretold it in the following words: “ And thou Bethlehem Ephrata art a little one among the thou¬ sands of Juda: for out of thee shall He come forth unto me that is to be the Ruler in Israel.” When do we celebrate the birth of Jesus? We celebrate His birth on the twenty-fifth of December. Has the Christmas tree a spiritual meaning? Yes, it reminds us of the tree of knowledge which became the curse of the human race, and the tree of the cross on which Jesus died for our sins. What do the candles on the tree remind us of? The candles remind us of the light of faith which Jesus by His birth brought into the world. What do the presents signify ? The presents signify the graces which Jesus brings us. 272 The New Testament. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to love the poor and to practice the virtues of humility and obedience. VI. THE SHEPHERDS AT TIIE CRIB AND THE CIRCUMCISION. What does this lesson relate? It relates: (1), That pious shepherds came to adore the Infant Jesus in the crib, and (2), That after eight days the divine Infant was circumcised. To whom was the birth of Jesus first announced? The birth of Jesus was announced first to some poor shepherds that were keeping night watch over their flocks. Who announced it to them? An angel announced it. What did the angel say to them? The angel said to them: “ Fear not: for behold, I bring you good tidings of great joy, that shall be to all the people: For this day is born to you a Saviour, who is Christ the Lord, in the city of David. And this shall be a sign unto you; you shall find the Infant wrapped in swaddling clothes, and laid in a manger.” What happened then? Then there appeared a great multitude of angels who praised the Lord and sang: “ Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace to men of good will.” Why did they sing “ glory to God ” ? They sang “ glory to God ” because the whole life Shepherds at the Crib and the Circumcision. 273 of the new-born Infant was the greatest external glory that could be offered to God. Why did they sing “ peace to men of good will ” ? They sang “ peace to men of good will ” because our divine Saviour in the crib brought peace to all men. What kind of peace did Jesus bring? Jesus brought a three-fold peace: (1), Peace with God; (2), Peace with ourselves; (3), Peace with our neighbor. Is this the reason why He is called the “ Prince of Peace ” ? Yes, for this reason He is called the “ Prince of Peace.” To whom is this peace given ? This peace is given only to “ men of good will.” When are we men of good will ? We are men of good will when we preserve the grace of God in our hearts. Was the spiritual peace which Jesus brought us symbolized in any way? Yes, it was- symbolized by the universal peace that reigned throughout the world under the Emperor Au¬ gustus at the birth of Jesus. Did the shepherds believe the angels? Yes, they hastened to Bethlehem and found the Infant as the angel described Him; falling down they adored Him. What does this show ? It shows that they believed Him to be God. When did the circumcision take place ? The circumcision took place eight days after the birth of Jesus, 274 The New Testament. Why did Jesus submit Himself to be circumcised? He submitted Himself to be circumcised: (1), In order to acknowledge the Law of the Old Testament; (2), In order to show that He was a descendant of Abraham; (3), To prove that His body was real, against those heretics who claimed it was only apparent; (4), To give us an example of humility, obedience, and mor¬ tification. When do we celebrate the Feast of the Circum¬ cision? We celebrate the Feast of the Circumcision on New Years day. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to love the Divine Infant who was born for us in the crib at Bethlehem. VII. THE PRESENTATION OF JESUS IN THE TEMPLE. What does this lesson relate? It relates that Mary and Joseph, after forty days, presented Jesus in the Temple according to the Jewish Law. How many laws were they fulfilling by this act ? They were fulfilling two laws by this act: the puri¬ fication of the mother and the sanctification of the first-born male. Were Jesus and Mary subject to these laws? No, they were not subject to these laws. Why was Mary not subject to the law of purifica¬ tion? Mary was not subject to the law of purification because she always remained a virgin. The Presentation of Jesus in the Temple. 275 Why was Jesus not subject to the law of sanctify¬ ing the first-born male ? Jesus was not subject to the law of sanctifying the first-born male because He, being God, did not need to be made holy, for He is holiness itself. Why did they nevertheless fulfil the law? They fulfilled the Law because the mystery of the Incarnation was not yet known, and by refusing to fulfil the law they would have given bad example. What should we learn from their fulfilment of the law? We should learn from it to practice the virtues of humility and obedience. How was the law of purification fulfilled ? The law of purification was fulfilled by offering sacrifice. In what did the sacrifice consist? The rich were required to offer a lamb and a turtle dove, but the poor were obliged to offer only two doves. Which sacrifice did Mary and Joseph offer? They offered the sacrifice of the poor. Where did they offer the sacrifice? They offered it in the Temple. Whom did they find in the Temple? They found there a God-fearing old man called Simeon. Had Simeon received any special favor from almighty God? Yes, God had revealed to him that he would not die until he had seen the Redeemer, 276 The New Testament. Did he recognize in the Infant the divine Re¬ deemer? Yes, the Holy Ghost revealed it to him. What virtue did this show? It showed Simeon’s firm faith. When is our faith firm ? Our faith is firm when we believe “ without the least doubt” all that God has revealed. How did Simeon show his joy? Simeon showed his joy by singing a hymn of praise. How is the hymn divided ? It is divided into two parts. In the first part Simeon praises God, in the second part he prophesies. Repeat the words of this hymn. “ Now Thou dost dismiss Thy servant, 0 Lord, according to Thy word, in peace: Because my eyes have seen Thy salvation, which Thou hast prepared before the face of all peoples. A light to the revelation of the Gentiles, and the glory of Thy people Israel.” Then Simeon turned to Mary and said: “ Behold, this Child is set for the fall, and for the resurrection of many in Israel, and for a sign which shall be contradicted: And thy own soul a sword shall pierce.” Why does Simeon praise God? Simeon praises God for the three blessings which the Redeemer brought us: Light, peace, and eternal happiness. To whom does his prophecy refer? It refers to Jesus and Mary. What does he prophesy of Jesus? He prophesies that the coming of Jesus will be the source of eternal life for all who believe in Him and The Adoration of the Magi. 277 keep His Commandments; but for all who refuse to believe in Him and keep His Commandments, it will be the occasion of everlasting death. What did he prophesy of the Blessed Virgin? He prophesied that a sword would pierce her soul. What does this prophecy mean? It means that the suffering of Jesus was to cause Mary, His Mother, much pain and sorrow. Was any one else beside Simeon in the Temple at the time? Yes, the prophetess Anna was also there. When do we celebrate the presentation of Our Lord in the Temple ? We celebrate Our Lord’s presentation in the Temple on the second of February: Candlemas day. Why is this feast called Candlemas ? It is called Candlemas because on this day candles are blessed. Of what does the blessing of the candles remind us ? The blessing of the candles reminds us of the light which Jesus brought to the Gentiles. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to thank God for the true faith to which He has called us. VIII. THE ADORATION OF THE MAGI. What does this lesson relate? It relates that three wise men came from the East to adore the Child Jesus. Whence did they come? In all probability they came from Babylon. 278 The New Testament . What were they ? They were very learned men, priests who spent much time in the study of astronomy. What led the Magi to Jerusalem? A star led them to Jerusalem. Whither did they go after they reached Jerusalem? Having reached Jerusalem they went to the court of Herod, and said to him: “ Where is He that is born King of the Jews? For we have seen His star in the East, and are come to adore Him.” What impression did their words make on Herod? He feared very much. Why did he fear? He feared that the new-born King of the Jews would deprive him of his throne. Who answered the Wise Men? The Scribes, who sent them to Bethlehem, an¬ swered them. Why did the Scribes refer them to Bethlehem? The Scribes referred them to Bethlehem on ac¬ count of the prophecy of Micheas: “ And thou, Bethle¬ hem Ephrata, art a little one among the thousands of Juda; for out of thee shall He come forth unto me that is to be the Ruler in Israel.” What did Herod say to the Magi? He told them to go to Bethlehem, and after they had found the Child to return to him, so that he, too, might go to adore Him. Did Herod really intend to adore the new-born King? No, Herod was a hypocrite, who did not mean what The Adoration of the Magi . 279 he said. He wished to find out where the new-horn King was, in order to put Him to death. Did the Magi continue their journey? Yes, they continued their journey till they came to Bethlehem, where they found the divine Infant with Mary His Mother. Did they believe that the Child was the Son of God ? Yes, they believed that the Child was the Son of God, because they “ adored ” Him. What virtue did they practise by doing this? By adoring the Infant they practised the virtue of faith. Of what should the adoration of the Infant remind us? The adoration of the Infant should remind us of the necessity of adoring the same Infant under the “ appearances ” of bread and wine in the Blessed Sacrament. What did the Magi offer ? The Magi offered three gifts: gold, frankincense, and myrrh. Why did they offer incense ? They offered incense to show that they believed that Christ was God. Why did they offer gold ? They offered gold in order to publicly acknowledge the Child Jesus as “ the King of heaven and earth.” Why did they offer myrrh ? They offered myrrh in order to show that they believed that Jesus was man and was to suffer and die. Did the star have any smybolical meaning ? Yes, the star was a symbol of our holy faith. 280 The New Testament. Did the Magi return home the same way? No, God led them by another road into their own country. Why did God lead them back by a different road? God led them back by a different road to frustrate the plans of the wicked King Herod. Which attribute of God does this show? It shows His omniscience, that He knows all things. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to follow the light of our faith, for it will lead us to God. IX. THE FLIGHT INTO EGYPT AND THE RETURN TO NAZARETH. What does this lesson relate? It relates that Mary and Joseph took the Child Jesus and fled into Egypt, and remained there until the death of Herod, when they returned to Nazareth. Did Herod expect the Magi to return? Yes, because he had asked them to report to him after they had found the new-horn King, so that he too might go and adore Him. Was Herod’s intention sincere? No, he wished to put the Child Jesus to death. Did the Magi do as Herod requested ? No, an angel commanded them not to pay any attention to Herod, but to return by a different route into their own country. Flight into Egypt and the Return to Nazareth. 281 What did Herod do when the Magi did not return to him? When the Magi did not return, Herod commanded that all the male children of Bethlehem and the sur¬ rounding country, under two years, should be put to death. Why did he give this cruel command? He gave this cruel command because he expected in this way to find Jesus and put Him to death. Who are the first martyrs ? The first martyrs are the innocent children of Beth¬ lehem that shed their blood for Christ. Has the slaughter of the Holy Innocents a sym¬ bolical meaning? Yes, the Fathers tell us that it is a symbol of the persecution of the Church of Christ. When do we celebrate the Feast of the Holy Inno¬ cents ? We celebrate the Feast of the Holy Innocents three days after Christmas. Did Herod succeed in his evil design ? No, the Child Jesus escaped in the most wonderful manner. How did Jesus escape? An angel appeared to Joseph and told him to take the Child and its Mother and flee into Egypt. Why did the angel command Joseph to flee into Egyptt The angel commanded Joseph to flee into Egypt , because the Jews were allowed to practise their religion in Egypt. What road did they take into Egypt? They took the road through the desert. 282 The New Testament. Was Egypt a pagan country? Yes, Egypt was a pagan country. Did God reward Egypt for having received Jesus? Yes, Egypt was among the first countries converted to Christianity; holy men and women retired to its deserts to spend their life in solitude and prayer, and at Alexandria the earliest Christian universities were founded. How long did the Holy Family remain in Egypt? They remained there until the death of Herod. How did Herod die? He was taken with a most disgusting disease, and died in great pain. Whither did the Holy Family go after Herod’s death? At the command of the angel they returned to Nazareth. Who was the protector of the Child Jesus? St. Joseph was. Why should we pray to St. Joseph? We should pray to St. Joseph: (1), Because he is the foster father of Jesus; (2), Because he is the patron of the whole Catholic Church; (3), In order to obtain the grace of a happy death. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to trust in the providence of God, who does all things for the best. Jesus in the Temjple . 283 X. JESUS IX THE TEMPLE. What does this lesson relate ? It relates that Jesus went up to the Temple when He was twelve years old, and remained there after Mary and St. Joseph had begun their journey. Why did Mary and Joseph go up to Jerusalem every year at Easter? They went up to Jerusalem, because according to the Jewish Law every male Israelite was obliged to appear in the Temple at the three principal feasts. Were the women also obliged to go ? Ho, but usually they accompanied their husbands on this pilgrimage. Which were the three principal feasts of the Jews? The three principal feasts of the Jews were the Passover, the Feast of the Tabernacles, and the Feast of Atonement. Which of these feasts did Jesus celebrate at this time? He celebrated the Feast of the Passover. How old was He at the time? He was twelve years old. How long did the Holy Family remain in Jeru¬ salem ? They remained in Jerusalem until the feast-days were over. Did Jesus return with them? Ho, He remained in Jerusalem. 284 The New Testament. Did His parents know that He had remained behind ? No, they supposed that He was with some of their relatives in the company. When did they miss Him? They missed Him on the evening of the first day. What did they do when they did not find Him among their friends? Filled with fear and anxiety they returned to Jeru¬ salem to seek Him there. When did they find Jesus? They found Him on the third day. Where did they find Him? They found Him in the Temple. What was He doing in the Temple? He was sitting among the Doctors of the Law, listening to them and asking them questions. Why did He do this? He did this in order to reveal His divine wisdom. What did the Blessed Virgin say to Him? She said to Him: “ Son, why hast Thou done so to us? behold Thy father and I have sought Thee sorrow- mg.” Did Mary wish to reprove Jesus by these words? No, her words were only the natural expression of U mother’s grief for her lost son. Why was it impossible for Mary to reprove Jesus? It was impossible for her to reprove Jesus, because she knew He was God and that He did not act through disobedience, but in accordance with the command of His heavenly Father. What did Jesus answer Mary? Jesus answered her: “ How is it that you sought Jesus in the Temple. 285 Me? did you not know that I must be about the things that are My Father’s? ” Is this answer important? Yes, it is important because it is a proof of the divinity of Jesus; for He calls God His Father. Was this three days’ separation from His parents a figure of anything? Yes; it was a figure of the separation of Christ’s soul from His body; the former was in Limbo while the latter was in the holy sepulchre. Whither did Jesus go with His parents? He went to Nazareth. What did Our Saviour do in Nazareth? He lived there in solitude, was subject to His parents, and increased in wisdom and age. How was Jesus subject to His parents? He helped them in their work, and did whatever they asked of Him. Why was Jesus subject to His parents? Jesus was subject to His parents: (1), In order to give us an example of obedience, and (2), To honor labor. How do children sin against obedience ? Children sin against obedience: (1), By not obey¬ ing their parents at all or unwillingly; (2), By not listening to the advice of their parents. What should we learn from this lesson ? We should learn from it: (1) ? To imitate Mary and Joseph in their observance of the precepts of the Old Law, and not to fail to hear Mass on Sundays and holydays of obligation; (2), Like Jesus we should love 286 The New Testament . to be in church and listen to instruction; (3), We should be obedient to our parents. XI. ST. JOHN THE BAPTIST, THE FORE¬ RUNNER OF CHRIST. What does this lesson relate? It relates how St. John the Baptist prepared the way for the coming of Christ. How long did Jesus remain in Nazareth? He remained there until His thirtieth year. Who was chosen to prepare the way for the coming of Christ? St. John the Baptist was chosen. How was he chosen? He was called by God to preach penance to the people, and to prepare them for the coming of Jesus. Where did St. John first appear? St. John first appeared on the banks of the Jordan, in the neighborhood of the Dead Sea. How did he appear? He appeared as a penitent. How was he dressed? He was clothed in camel’s hair, with a leathern girdle around his loins. Of what did his food consist? His food consisted of wild honey and locusts. What did St. John preach? He cried out: “ Do penance, for the kingdom of God is at hand.” /St. John the Baptist , the Forerunner of Christ. 287 What was the meaning of the words “ the kingdom of God is at hand ” ? “ The kingdom of God is at hand ” meant that the Redeemer, and His kingdom the Church, which leads all men to heaven, were near at hand. Did St. John do anything else besides preach? He also baptized the people in the Jordan. Was the baptism of St. John a sacrament? No, it was not a sacrament. Why was it not a sacrament ? It was not a sacrament because it did not really cause the grace which it signified. What did it signify? It signified that sanctification which was caused by doing penance. Of what was it a type? It was a type of the baptism of Christ, which really produces in the soul the grace it signifies. Does St. John speak of the difference between his own baptism and the baptism of Christ? Yes, he says: “ I indeed baptize you in water unto penance; but He that shall come after me is mightier than I. . . . He shall baptize you in the Holy Ghost and in fire.” What is Baptism? Baptism is a sacrament which cleanses us from original sin, makes us Christians, children of God and heirs of heaven. How is the soul cleansed from original sin ? The soul is cleansed from original sin by Baptism. Did the people listen to St. John? Yes, and they publicly confessed their sins. 288 The New Testament. Why did they publicly confess their sins? The people publicly confessed their sins in order to obtain forgiveness. Why must we also confess our sins to obtain for¬ giveness ? We must confess our sins to obtain forgiveness be¬ cause Christ has instituted the Sacrament of l’enance for that purpose. Were all who listened to St. John touched by his words ? No, the Pharisees and Sadducees remained stub¬ born, and would not be converted. How do we know that they would not be converted? We know this, from the words that St. John ad¬ dressed to them. How did he address them? He addressed them as follows: “Ye brood of vipers, who hath showed you to flee from the wrath to come? Bring forth, therefore, fruit worthy of penance, and think not to say within yourselves: ‘ We have Abraham for our Father, for I tell you that God is able of these stones to raise up children to Abraham. For now the axe is laid to the root of the trees. Every tree, therefore, that doth not yield good fruit, shall be cut down and cast into the fire/ ” Who did many think St. John was? Many thought that he was the promised Messias. Did St. John correct this belief? Yes, for he said: “ I am not the Christ. I am the voice of one crying in the wilderness, make straight the way of the Lord. But the One who will come after me, is preferred before me, the latchet of whose shoe I am not worthy to loose,” The Baptism of Jesus. 289 Why did St. John say that he was not worthy to untie the latchet of Christ’s shoe? He said this in his humility, because it was the work of the slave to tie and untie the shoe-strings of his master. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it the spirit of humility and mortification. XII. THE BAPTISM OF JESUS. What does this lesson relate? It relates that Jesus was baptized by St. John in the Jordan. How old was Jesus when He was baptized by St. John? Jesus was thirty years old when He was baptized. Did St. John recognize Jesus as the Messias when he saw Him? Yes, inspired by the Holy Ghost he recognized Jesus as the Messias. How do we know this ? We know this from the words of St. John to Christ: “I ought to he baptized by Thee and comest Thou to me? ” Did Christ need to be baptized? Ho, Christ did not need to he baptized because He is without sin. Why, then, did He insist on being baptized? Christ insisted on being baptized: (1), To give us an example of obedience; (2), To appear as a sinner, as 290 The New Testament. He was going to take upon Himself the sins of the world. What happened when Jesus was baptized? When Jesus was baptized, the Holy Ghost de¬ scended upon Him in the form of a dove, and a voice was heard saying: “ This is My beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased.” What did the supernatural appearance of the dove signify ? It signified the innocence and meekness of our divine Saviour. When was Baptism instituted? Baptism was instituted when Christ was baptized in the Jordan. The contact of His most pure flesh im¬ parted to the waters the power of cleansing from sin. Which are the effects of Baptism? Baptism produces in the soul sanctifying grace, which cleanses us from original sin and also from actual sin (if we are guilty of any), and gives us a right to heaven; it also infuses into the soul the theological virtues of faith, hope, and charity; it remits all punish¬ ment due to sin and imprints an indelible character in the soul. Why are they called “theological” virtues? They are called theological from the Greek word “ Theos,” which means God; they refer directly to God. The Temptation of Jesus in the Desert. 291 XIII. THE TEMPTATION OF JESUS IN THE DESERT. Whither did Christ go after His baptism? After His baptism Christ went into the desert northwest of Jericho. What did He do in the desert? He fasted and prayed. How long did He fast ? He fasted forty days and forty nights. Has the number forty a symbolical meaning? Yes, the Israelites were forty years in the desert; the spies who were sent to explore the land of Chanaan were gone forty days; the city of Ninive did penance for forty days, and Moses and Elias fasted forty days. Why did Our Lord fast? Our Lord fasted to teach us that by penance we obtain the grace of God and eternal life. Which precept of the Church commands us to fast ? The second precept of the Church commands us to fast. What happened about this time ? About this time Satan approached Jesus and tempted Him. How many times did Satan tempt Him ? He tempted Jesus three times. What was the first temptation ? The first was a temptation to gluttony. What was the second temptation ? The second was a temptation to pride. 292 The New Testament. What was the third? The third was a temptation to avarice. Was Jesus tempted interiorly? Jesus was not tempted interiorly; it was only a temptation from without. Why could not Jesus be tempted from within, or why could there never be a struggle in the soul of Jesus? He could not be tempted from within because He is God. How many wills are there in Christ ? In Christ there are two wills: the divine will and a human will. Why did Jesus permit Himself to be tempted by the devil ? Jesus permitted Himself to be tempted: (1), To humble Himself; (2), To show at the very entrance of His public life His power over Satan; (3), To show us how we should act in temptation. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to overcome temptation by fasting and prayer. XIV. THE FIRST DISCIPLES OF JESUS. What does this lesson relate? It relates how Jesus chose His first disciples. What does St. John the Baptist call Our Lord? He calls Him “ the Lamb of God.” Was there any type of the Lamb of God in the Old Testament ? Yes, the paschal lamb was a type of the Lamb of God. The First Disciples of Jesus. 293 Did the prophets describe Jesus as a lamb? Yes, especially the prophet Isaias. How did St. John give public testimony of Jesus? St. John gave public testimony when he said: “ This is He of whom I said: After me there cometh a man who is preferred before me. . . . And I gave testi¬ mony that this is the Son of God.” What is the meaning of these words of St. John? They mean that Jesus as man is younger than St. John, but as God He is from all eternity. Where was the Lamb of God sacrificed? The Lamb of God was sacrificed on Mount Calvary. Which is the sacrifice of the New Law? The sacrifice of the New Law is the sacrifice of the cross and its unbloody renewal, the Holy Mass. Why did Christ sacrifice Himself for us ? Christ sacrificed Himself for us in order to satisfy for our sins. What happened after this testimony of St. John? After this testimony two of St. John’s disciples left him and followed Jesus. Who led the first Apostles to Jesus? St. John led the first Apostles to Jesus. What were the names of the three first Apostles? The three first Apostles were Simon Peter, Andrew, and John. Why did Jesus change the name of Simon? Jesus changed his name to show that He had called him to a very high office. 294 The New Testament. What did Our Saviour call him? He called him Peter, which means a rock. What did He make St. Peter? lie made St. Peter the foundation of His Church. What were the names of the other Apostles whom Our Lord called on this occasion? The other Apostles were Philip and Bartholomew. How did they respond to the call of Jesus? They responded most cheerfully: St. Philip ex¬ pressed his joy in the following words: “ We have found Him of whom Moses in the Law, and the prophets did write, Jesus, the Son of Joseph of Nazareth.” And Nathanael exclaimed, “ Rahbi, Thou art the Son of God; Thou art the King of Israel.” Aie their words important? Yes, they are important because they show' that Philip and Nathanael believed Jesus to be the Messias and the Son of God. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to thank God for having called us to the true faith. XY. JESUS’ FIRST MIRACLE AT CANA. What does this lesson relate? It relates that Jesus changed water into wine at the marriage-feast of Cana. Where is Cana? Cana is in Galilee. Who were present at this marriage-feast ? Jesus, Mary and the Apostles of Jesus were present. Jesus' First Miracle at Cana. 295 What happened during the wedding-feast? The wine gave out. How do we know that the wine gave out? We know it from the words of Mary: “ They have no wine.” What do her words show? Her words show: (1), Her thoughtfulness for the bridal party and the guests; (2), Her confidence in her divine Son. What did Jesus answer? He answered: “ Woman, what is it to Me and to thee? My hour is not yet come.” Why did Jesus address Mary as “ woman ” and not as mother ? Jesus did this in order to show that some of the tender ties that bound Him to Mary His Mother were about to he severed. How were these ties to be severed? They were to be severed because Jesus was about to leave His home at Nazareth, and enter public life to do the work of His heavenly Father. Did Jesus use the expression “ woman ” on any other occasion? Yes, He also used this expression “ woman ” when, dying on the cross, He entrusted Mary to the care of St. John. Why did He prefer to use the word “ woman ” rather than mother? Jesus preferred to use the word “ woman ” because He would not increase the pain of parting by remind¬ ing Mary that she was being separated from her Son. 296 The New Testament . Did Mary conclude from the words of Jesus that He would grant her request? Yes, for she said to the servants, “ Whatsoever lie shall say to you, do ye.” How did Jesus grant Mary’s request? Jesus granted her request by working a miracle. What is a miracle? A miracle is a work that cannot be performed by the powers of nature, and hence can he brought about only by a being to whom nature’s powers are subject. Why did Jesus perform this miracle? Jesus performed this miracle: (1), To lead men to believe in His divine mission; (2), To show His willing¬ ness to help men in their need, and relieve them in em¬ barrassment. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it: (1), To he always ready to help the needy; (2), To pray to the Blessed Virgin Mary. XVI. THE EXPULSION” OF THE BUYERS AND SELLERS AND THE MONEY-CHANGERS FROM THE TEMPLE AND THE CONVERSA¬ TION WITH NICODEMUS. What does this lesson relate? It relates that Jesus drove the buyers and sellers and the money-changers from the Temple, and that He taught Nicodemus. How many times had Jesus gone up to the Temple before the events related in this lesson took place? He had gone up to the Temple only once. The Expulsion of the Money-changers . 297 What were some of the people doing when Jesus entered the Temple ? When Jesus entered the Temple some were buying and selling oxen, doves, and sheep to be sacrificed in the Temple, while others were changing the Roman and Grecian money into the Jewish coin: the Temple tax had to he paid in Jewish money. What did Our Lord do when He saw how they were acting in the Temple ? He made a whip of small cords, and drove them all out of the Temple. Was Our Lord angry? Yes, He was angry because these people were dese¬ crating the house of God. What do Christ’s words on this occasion prove? His words prove that He is God, because He calls the house of God the house of His Father. Did He prove that He is God in any other way? Yes. He showed that He knew the future as only God can, when He foretold that the Jews would put Him to death and that He would arise on the third day. Which are the strongest proofs of the divinity of Christ ? The strongest proofs of Christ’s divinity are His miracles. How do we know that Christ is the Son of God ? We know that Christ is the Son of God: (1), From the predictions of the prophets; (2), From the testi¬ mony of His heavenly Father; (3), From His own testi¬ mony; (4), From the teaching of His Apostles; (5), From the teaching of the Catholic Church. 298 The New Testament. What impression did Christ’s miracles make on the people? Many of them became Ilis Apostles and disciples, and followed Him ever afterwards. Can you mention one whose name occurs in this lesson? Yes, Nicodemus. What important truth did Jesus make known to Nicodemus? Jesus made known to him the necessity of Baptism. Why is Baptism the most necessary Sacrament? Baptism is the most necessary because without it we cannot be saved. What else did our divine Lord teach Nicodemus? He taught him: (1), That there are three divine persons in God; (2), He foretold His suffering and death on the cross when He said to Nicodemus: “ As Moses lifted up the serpent in the desert, so must the Son of man he lifted up; that whosoever believeth in Him may not perish, hut may have life everlasting ”; (3)^ He taught him why He was to die; (4), He taught him the necessity of faith. Why did Jesus sutfer and die? Jesus suffered and died for our sins. Why is faith necessary? Faith is necessary because without it it is impossible to please God. What should we learn from this lesson ? We should learn from it: (1), To be always at¬ tentive and devout in church; (2), To thank God for the grace of Baptism. Jesus at the Well of Jacob. 299 XVII. JESUS AT THE WELL OF JACOB. What does this lesson relate ? It relates the meeting of Jesus and the Samaritan woman. Which part of Palestine is called Samaria? Samaria is the central part of Palestine. What was the name of the city that Jesus ap¬ proached ? It was called Sichem. Is this city mentioned in the Old Testament? Yes, Abraham erected here the first altar after his entrance into the land of Chanaan; here Jacob lived after his return from Haran, bought a field and dug a well which was called after him Jacob's well. Whom did Jesus meet at the well? He met a Sichemite woman who was living in adultery. Against which Commandment did she sin ? She sinned against the sixth Commandment. What does the sixth Commandment forbid? The sixth Commandment forbids all unchaste free¬ dom with another's wife or husband; also all im¬ modesty with ourselves or others, in looks, dress, words or actions. What did Jesus say to the Samaritan woman? He said: “Give Me to drink." Was the woman surprised at this request? The woman was surprised at this request because the Jews did not converse with the Samaritans on ac¬ count of the feeling of hatred which existed between 300 The New Testament. them. The Samaritans had tried to prevent the build¬ ing of the walls of Jerusalem. Was she ready to grant Jesus’ request? Yes, she was ready to grant His request. Which are the corporal works of mercy? The corporal works of mercy are seven: (1), To feed the hungry; (2), To give drink to the thirsty; (3), To clothe the naked; (4) ? To shelter the homeless; (5), To visit the sick; (6), To ransom the captive; (7), To bury the dead. How did Our Lord reward the Samaritan woman ? He rewarded her by promising to give her living water. What did He mean by “ living water ” ? By “ living water ” Our Lord meant the grace of God. How many kinds of grace are there ? There are two kinds of grace: actual grace and sanctifying grace. What does actual grace do ? Actual grace enlightens the mind and moves the will to avoid evil and do good. How does actual grace accomplish this? Actual grace accomplishes this: (1), By awakening the mind and heart, and this is called “ preceding ” grace; (2), By assisting the mind and heart, and this is called concomitant grace; (3), By continuing to help the mind and heart, lest they grow weary of doing good, and this is called subsequent grace. Does grace work without our co-operation? Yo, unless we work with grace it is of no benefit to us. Jesus at the Well of Jacob. 301 Did the Samaritan woman co-operate with grace? Yes, she co-operated with grace. How did she co-operate with it? When Onr Lord promised to give her grace she believed Him; when Jesns reproached her with her sins she confessed them; when He revealed Himself as the Messias she believed in Him, and sought to induce her people to share her belief. Why did she believe Jesus to be a prophet? She believed Jesus to be a prophet because He knew of her sins. What did she do when she found out that He was a prophet ? When she found out that He was a prophet she sub¬ mitted for His decision the chief disputed question be¬ tween the Jews and Samaritans. What was the disputed question between the Jews and Samaritans? The Samaritans claimed that God should he adored on Mount Garazim, while the Jews held that He was to be worshipped in the Temple at Jerusalem. How did Christ settle the dispute? He said that the question would be of no impor¬ tance in the future. Why would it be of no importance ? It would be of no importance because a new divine worship was going to he established. Would this new divine worship differ from that of the Jews and Samaritans? Yes, for (1), It would not be confined to one people, hut would he spread over the whole world; (2), The new worship would be in spirit and in truth. 302 The New Testament. What does it mean “ to worship in spirit and in truth ” ? A great deal of the divine worship of the Old Law consisted in exterior ceremonies, and at the time of Christ it had degenerated into an almost exclusively outward service; the worship of the New I>aw, while not excluding exterior service, will be more interior and come more from the heart; (2), All the sacrifices of the Old Law were only types of the real, “ true ” sacrifice of the New I>aw. How do we adore God? We adore God by acts of faith, hope, and charity, by prayer and sacrifice. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it; (1), To pray with atten¬ tion; (2), To co-operate with the grace of God. XVIII. JESUS* SERMON AT NAZARETH. What does this lesson relate? It relates how Jesus preached to the inhabitants of Nazareth. Which part of Palestine is called Galilee? The northern part is called Galilee. What did Our Saviour do in Galilee? He preached the Gospel of the kingdom of God. What do we mean by the “ Gospel of the kingdom of God ”t By the “ Gospel of the kingdom of God ” we mean the glad tidings of the coming of the Redeemer. What did Jesus do on entering the synagogue? On entering He read a passage from the prophet Isaias. Jesus' Sermon at Nazareth. 303 Repeat this passage. “ The spirit of the Lord is upon Me; wherefore He hath anointed Me to preach the gospel to the poor. He hath sent Me to heal the contrite of heart, to preach deliverance to the captives, and sight to the blind, to set at liberty them that are bruised, to preach the acceptable year of the Lord and the day of re¬ ward.” Did the Jews understand to whom this passage referred? Yes, they understood that it referred to the Messias. What did Jesus say after He had read this passage? After having read this passage, He said: “ This day is fulfilled this Scripture in your ears.” What did He mean by these words? He meant that the words of the prophet were ful¬ filled in Himself. Did they believe in Jesus? No, they did not believe in Jesus, for they said: “ Is not this the son of Joseph?” Why did they call Him the son of Joseph? They called Him the son of Joseph because Joseph was His foster father. Mention some of the prophecies concerning the Messias which were fulfilled in Jesus. The prophets foretold that the Messias: (1), Was to be born in Bethlehem; (2), At a time when the Temple would still be standing; (3) ? When the Jews would no longer be an independent people; (4), That He would be preceded by a forerunner, who would 804 The New Testament . preach in the desert; (5), Daniel foretold that Tie would appear four hundred and eighty-three years after the building of the Temple. Did the inhabitants of Nazareth co-operate with God’s grace? No, they did not co-operate with God's grace. Can we resist the grace of God? Yes, we can resist the grace of God because our will is free. Why did the inhabitants of Nazareth resist the grace of God and refuse to believe in Jesus? They resisted the grace of God: (1), Because they were worldly-minded; they expected that their Messias would he a powerful worldly prince; (2), Because they were jealous that the son of a carpenter (whom they considered Jesus) was greater than they were. Did Jesus perform a miracle on this occasion? Yes; when the people got angry at His words and would cast Him down from the top of a mountain, He filled them with a great fear which prevented them from even touching Him while He passed through the midst of them. What does this miracle show? It shows that no one could harm Jesus against Ilis will. Did Jesus suffer and die for us willingly? Yes, for no one could force Him to die. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to make good use of God’s grace. The Miracles of Jesus at Capharnaum. 305 XIX. THE MIRACLES OF JESUS AT CAPHARNAUM. What does this lesson relate? It relates the miracles which Christ wrought in Capharnaum. Where is Capharnaum? Capharnaum is on the northwestern part of the Lake of Genesareth. What was Capharnaum? Capharnaum was a very busy commercial city. What did Jesus do in Capharnaum? He preached in the synagogue. What happened while He was preaching? While He was preaching a person possessed hy the devil cried out: “ Let us alone; what have we to do with Thee, Jesus of Nazareth: art Thou come to destroy us? 1 know who Thou art: the Holy One of God.” How did the devil possess persons? He possessed persons, in as far as he had control of the members of their body and their senses. What did Jesus do then? He drove the devil out of the possessed person. What did this show? It showed that Jesus is God. May people be possessed even at the present time ? Yes, it is possible. Who can drive out devils at the present time? The Catholic Church can drive out devils; she gives this power to all clerics when she confers on them the minor order of Exorcism. 306 The New Testament. Whither did Jesus go after He left the synagogue? After He left the synagogue He went into the house of Simon Peter. What happened there? The mother-in-law of St. Peter was sick, and Jesus was asked to cure her. Did Jesus grant the request? Yes, He granted it. How should we pray? We should pray: (1), With attention; (2), With humility; (3), With confidence; (4), With resignation to the will of God; (5), With perseverance. For whom should we pray? We should pray for all men, for the living and the dead, for our parents, relatives, and friends, for our lawful superiors and even for our enemies. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to pray for our sick friends and relatives. XX. THE MIRACULOUS DRAUGHT OF FISHES. What does this lesson relate? It relates the miracle of the draught of fishes. Had the Lake of Genesareth another name? Yes, it was also called the Sea of Galilee. How large is the Sea of Galilee? The Sea of Galilee is about sixteen miles long, and about eight miles wide. For what was it famous ? It was famous for its good fishing. What did Jesus do when He came to the lake? He entered the boat of St. Peter and his brother Andrew, and preached to the people. The Miracles of Jesus at Capharnaum. 307 What did Jesus do after He had concluded His sermon ? After Jesus had concluded His sermon He com¬ manded St. Peter to let down his net for a draught. What was the result? St. Peter's net was filled at once with a great multi¬ tude of fishes. What did St. Peter say when he beheld this miracle ? He prostrated himself at the feet of Our Lord and said: “ Depart from me, for I am a sinful man, 0 Lord.” Why did Jesus perform this miracle? Jesus performed this miracle: (1), To prepare the Apostles for their call to the apostolate; (2), To pre¬ pare St. Peter for the Primacy over the other Apostles; (3), To confirm His followers in their belief in His divinity. How did He prepare St. Peter, on this occasion, for his office? When He said to St. Peter, “ Launch out ” He gave him command of the ship. How did He prepare the other Apostles for their office by this miracle? Our Lord meant to say to the Apostles by this miracle: At My command you have cast out your net, and caught a multitude of fishes; in future you will fish for the souls of men and your success will be as wonderful as it was to-day, when you fulfilled My com¬ mand. Of what is the net a figure? The net is a figure of the Catholic Church. Of what is the lake a figure? The lake is a figure of the world. 308 The New Testament. What do the fish signify ? They signify the men who arc received into the Church. What kind of fish are caught in this net? Both good and bad are caught. Do sinners belong to the Catholic Church? Yes, every baptized person who has neither been ex¬ communicated nor left the Church of his own free will, belongs to the Catholic Church. How is the Church holy? The Church is holy, because its founder Jesus Christ is holy, because it teaches a holy doctrine, helps to lead a holy life; and because a great many of its children are holy. What should we learn from the people who were so anxious to hear Jesus? We should learn from them to listen with attention to the word of God. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to practise the virtues of faith, obedience, and humility. XXI. THE MIRACULOUS CURE OF THE PARALYTIC. What does this lesson relate? It relates that Jesus cured the paralytic and for¬ gave him his sins. Where was Jesus preaching when the paralytic was brought to Him ? He was preaching in Capharnaum in a private house. The Miraculous Cure of the Paralytic . 309 How did they bring the sick man to Jesus? They could not enter the house on account of the great number in and around it, so they let him down through the roof. Why did they bring him to Jesus? They brought him to Jesus because they believed Jesus could and would cure him. Was the paralytic sick only in body? No, his soul was also sick, for he was in the state of mortal sin. How do we know this? We know this from the words of Jesus: “ Son, be of good cheer; thy sins are forgiven thee.” Which did Jesus heal first, his soul or his body? Jesus healed first his soul. What should we learn from this ? We should learn from this that the soul is more im¬ portant than the body, and that a soul free from mortal sin is more necessary than a healthy body. Why did Jesus forgive the paralytic his sins? Jesus forgave him his sins because He saw that the paralytic was sorry for them. What is necessary in order to have our sins for¬ given ? In order to have our sins forgiven we must have contrition or sorrow for them. Can mortal sins be forgiven unless we have contri¬ tion? No mortal sin can be forgiven without contrition. Which attribute did Jesus manifest on this occa¬ sion? He manifested His great mercy for sinners. 310 The New Testament. What do we mean when we say that God is all- merciful? When we say that God is all-merciful we mean that He is always ready to pardon our sins if we are sorry for them. What did Jesus do after He healed the paralytic’s soul? After He healed the paralytic’s soul He cured his body. What did the Scribes and Pharisees say? “ He blasphemes/’ they said, “ God alone can for¬ give sins.” What did Jesus reply? To show that He was God and could forgive sins, He said to the paralytic: “ Arise, take up thy bed,” and the man arose at once and walked. Which of Christ’s attributes in particular does this miracle manifest ? It manifests His omniscience and His almighty power. What do we mean when we say that God is omnis¬ cient ? When we say that God is omniscient we mean that He knows all things past, present, and future, and even our most secret thoughts. How does this miracle show that Christ knows all things ? It shows that Christ knows all things because He saw the condition of the sick man’s soul before He re¬ vealed it. Tlie Sermon on the Mount. 311 What do we mean when we say that God is almighty ? When we say that God is almighty we mean that He can do all things by a mere act of His will. How many things are necessary to receive the Sac¬ rament of Penance worthily? To receive the Sacrament of Penance worthily five things are necessary: (1), An examination of con¬ science; (2), Contrition for onr sins; (3), A firm resolu¬ tion of amendment; (4), Confession of our sins; (5), Satisfaction. What should we learn from this lesson ? We should learn from it to take more care of our soul than of our body. XXII. THE SERMON ON THE MOUNT. The Eight Beatitudes. What does this lesson relate? It relates the sermon of Jesus on the Mount. Whence came the great multitude of people to listen to Jesus? The people came from Judea and Galilee, and even from the pagan cities of Tyre and Sidon. Where did Jesus preach to them? He preached to them on a mountain. What did He preach? “ Blessed are the poor in spirit,” He said, “ for theirs is the kingdom of heaven,” etc. What are the eight beatitudes? The eight beatitudes are the principles of Christian morality. 312 The New Testament. Does Jesus say that all who observe the eight be¬ atitudes are already in heaven ? When Jesus calls those who observe the eight be¬ atitudes “ happy,” He does not mean that they are in heaven, but on the sure road to it. What is the first beatitude? First, blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Does Jesus call every poor person blessed? No, only the poor in spirit are blessed. Who are the poor in spirit? The poor in spirit are: (1), All those who, after the example of Jesus, bear their poverty patiently; (2), All who have of their own free will become poor for the sake of Christ; (3), All who are not inordinately at¬ tached to the goods of this world. Mention some who become poor of their own free will for the sake of Christ. All Religious, who make a vow to observe perpetual poverty, become poor for the sake of Christ. Is it wrong to pray for riches? No, it is not wrong to pray for riches if we pray on condition that they will not be detrimental to our eternal welfare. Mention some who were poor in spirit. Job, Lazarus, the Apostles and Jesus Himself were poor in spirit. What is the second beatitude? Second, blessed are the meek, for they shall possess the land. The Sermon on the Mount . 313 What is meekness? Meekness is that virtue which inclines us to repress all outbursts of anger and feelings of revenge. What does Our Saviour promise to the meek? He promises them the land. What is understood by the “ land ” ? The land of the living is understood, namely heaven. Mention some who were distinguished for their meekness. David in his dealing with Absalom and Saul, and Jesus Himself were distinguished for their meekness. Did Jesus ever refer to His own meekness? Yes, Jesus referred to His own meekness when He said: “ Learn of Me because I am meek and humble of heart.” What is the third beatitude ? Third, blessed are they that mourn, for they shall he comforted. Who are “ they that mourn ” ? “ They that mourn ” are all who do not go after the sinful pleasures of the world, but lead as far as possible a retired life, mourning their sins. How will they be comforted? They will be comforted in this life by enjoying peace of heart, and in the life to come by enjoying everlasting happiness. What is the fourth beatitude ? Fourth, blessed are they that hunger and thirst after justice, for they shall be filled. Who are “ they that hunger and thirst after justice ”? “ They that hunger and thirst after justice ” are all 314 The New Testament. who long and pray for the grace of God and the virtues which accompany it. Where will they be filled? They will be filled at the heavenly banquet in the life to come. Mention one who hungered and thirsted after justice. The aged Simeon in the Temple thirsted after justice. How was his hunger and thirst after justice satisfied? It was satisfied by seeing the Messias. What did he say when he beheld the Messias ? When he beheld the Messias he said: “ Now Thou dost dismiss Thy servant, 0 Lord, according to Thy word in peace; because mine eyes have seen Thy salva¬ tion.^ What is the fifth beatitude? Fifth, blessed are the merciful, for they shall ob¬ tain mercy. Who is merciful? He who helps his neighbor in corporal and spiritual necessity is merciful. Which are the spiritual works of mercy? The spiritual works of mercy are: (1), To instruct the ignorant; (2), To counsel the doubtful; (3), To admonish sinners; (4), To bear wrongs patiently; (5), To forgive offences willingly; (6), To comfort the afflicted; (7), To pray for the living and the dead. Which are the corporal works of mercy? The corporal works of mercy are seven: (1), To feed the hungry; (2), To give drink to the thirsty; (3), To The Sermon on ike Mount. 315 clothe the naked; (4), To shelter the homeless; (5), To visit the sick; (6), To ransom the captive; (7), To bury the dead. What is the sixth beatitude? Sixth, blessed are the clean of heart, for they shall see God. Who are the “ clean of heart ” ? The “ clean of heart ” are all whose hearts are free from mortal sin, especially sins of impurity. What does Christ promise the clean of heart? Christ promises the clean of heart the greatest reward, to see God face to face. What is the seventh beatitude ? Seventh, blessed are the peacemakers, for they shall be called the children of God. Who are the peacemakers ? Peacemakers are all those who live in peace and harmony with their fellow-men. Which Commandment in particular do the peace¬ makers keep? The peacemakers keep in particular the fifth Com¬ mandment. Mention a peacemaker. Abraham was a peacemaker. What is the eighth beatitude? Eighth, blessed are they that suffer persecution for justice’ sake, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. What virtue does Our Lord praise in this beatitude ? He praises the virtue of fortitude. What is fortitude? Fortitude is that virtue which inclines us to make sacrifices willingly for the sake of gaining heaven. 316 The New Testament. Give an example of fortitude. The martyrs are an example of fortitude. When did the most of the martyrs suffer? The most of the martyrs suffered during the first three centuries of the Church's existence. What did Christ announce in the eight beatitudes? He announced the principles which should govern all who belong to His kingdom, in opposition to the false principles of the world. Is the spirit of Christ opposed to the spirit of the world ? Yes, the spirit of Christ is opposed to the spirit of the world because the world considers the virtues that Christ praises foolish. On the Dignity and Office of the Apostles and their Successors. Whom did Christ address after He had spoken to the people? After He had spoken to the people He addressed the Apostles. Why did He address the Apostles? He addressed the Apostles in order to convince them of the sublimity and grandeur of their sacred calling. How did Christ continue His sermon? He continued in the following words: “ You are the salt of the earth, but if the salt shall lose its savor, wherewith shall it be salted? . . . You are the light of the world. A city seated on a mountain cannot be hid; neither do men light a candle and put it under a The Sermon on the Mount. 317 bushel, but upon a candlestick, that it may shine to all who are in the house. So let your light shine before men, that they may see your good works, and glorify your Father, who is in heaven.” To whom did Christ direct these words in par¬ ticular ? Christ directed these words in particular to the Apostles. How do we know that these words refer particularly to the Apostles? We know this, because Christ’s words describe the two-fold office of the Apostles as priests and teachers. How do they describe the office of priest? The words “ you are the salt, etc.,” mean that, just as salt flavors food and makes it pleasing to the palate and preserves it from corruption, so the Apostles must lead men to the practice of virtue, thereby making them pleasing in the sight of God, and preserving them from the corruption of sin. How do they describe the office of teacher? The words “ you are the light, etc.,” signify that as light expels darkness, so should the Apostles by their teaching expel the darkness of error and igno¬ rance from the minds of men. Were the Apostles to enlighten men’s minds by their teaching alone? ISTo, they were to enlighten the world also by their good example. Whence do we learn this? We learn this from the words of Christ, “ So let your light shine among men that they may see your good works, and glorify your Father who is in heaven.” 318 The New Testament . How were the Apostles to fulfil the office of teacher? They were to fulfil the office of teacher by word and example. What did Christ require of the Apostles in the ful¬ filment of their apostolate ? He required them to expend all their energy in their sacred calling, and if necessary to lay down their life. How do we know this? We know this from the words of Christ when He calls the Apostles the “ salt of the earth and the light of the world.” For salt preserves from corruption only after it has been absorbed, and the candle gives light by consuming itself. On the True Justice of the Hew Law. In what capacity does Our Lord now address the people? He addresses them now in the capacity of the Law¬ giver of the New Testament. Did Christ come to abolish the Old Law? No, He came to fulfil it. How did He fulfil it ? He fulfilled it: (1), By perfecting it; (2), By making real in the New Law w r hat was only a shadow and a type in the Old Law. How did Christ perfect the Old Law? Christ perfected the Old Law by requiring His fol¬ lowers to pay more attention to interior holiness than to the fulfilment of exterior ceremonial laws, and by The Sermon on the Mount. 319 forbidding not only sinful actions but also what usually leads to them. Give an example of this. Christ not only forbids us to kill, as the Old Law did, but also forbids us even to harbor thoughts of anger and revenge. When did He do this? Christ forbade us to harbor thoughts of anger when He said: “You have heard that it was said to them of old: Thou shalt not kill. But I say to you: that whosoever is angry with his brother, shall be in danger of the judgment.” How did Christ perfect the law of charity? Christ perfected the law of charity by commanding us to love not only our friends but even our enemies. Why should we love our enemies? We should love our enemies because they too are children of God, were redeemed by Christ, and are called to eternal salvation. Mention some who loved their enemies. Our Lord and St. Stephen, the first martyr, loved their enemies. Why did Christ perfect the Old Law? Christ perfected the Old Law in order to make men more perfect under the Yew Law. On the Necessity of Having a Good Intention when Performing Good Works. What does Christ say on this subject? He says that we should not do good in order to be seen by men. 320 The New Testament. Why should we not do good to be seen ? We should not do good to be seen because we will receive no reward in eternity for such works. Mention some good works. Prayer, fasting, and alms-deeds are good works. How does Christ say we should pray? Christ says: “ When ye pray, you shall not be as the hypocrites, that love to stand and pray in the syna¬ gogues. But thou when thou shalt pray, enter into thy chamber, and having shut the door pray to thy Father in secret; and thy Father, who seeth in secret, will repay thee.” How does Christ say we should fast? He says: “ When you fast, be not as the hypocrites, sad: for they disfigure their faces that they may appear unto men to fast. Amen I say to you, they have re¬ ceived their reward.” How does Christ say we should give alms? He says: “ When thou dost give alms, let not thy left hand know what thy right hand doth, that thy alms may be in secret, and thy Father, who seeth in secret, will repay thee.” Does Christ forbid us to pray publicly in church? Ho, for He prayed in the Temple. What, then, is the meaning of the words: “ When thou prayest, enter into thy chamber ” ? These words mean that we should not pray in order to be seen and praised by men. Is a good intention necessary to make our works meritorious for heaven? Yes, a good intention is necessary. The Sermon on the Mount. 321 What do you mean by “ a good intention ” ? By “ a good intention 39 we mean a wish to serve and honor God in all our actions. How may we easily acquire the habit of making a good intention? If, before doing anything, we try to think how Jesus would act if He were in our place and then do as we think He would, we will easily acquire this habit. When should we make a good intention ? We should make a good intention every morning. On the Solicitude for the Things of this World and Confidence in God. What do we understand by “ treasures on earth ” ? All things which have a value only in this world are “ treasures on earth/’ What does Jesus say of them? He says that we should not become attached to them. Why should we not become attached to treasures on earth? We should not become attached to them because they will soon pass away. Is it wrong to try to acquire the goods of this world ? Yes, if they prevent us from gaining heaven. Which are the principal worldly goods ? Life, health, and riches are the principal worldly goods. 322 The New Testament. Does God provide for us in this world? Yes, He provides for the beasts of the field and the flowers; how much more for us. Which should we seek first, the goods of this world or the justice of God? We should seek first the justice of God. What do we understand by the “ justice of God ”? By the “ justice of God” we understand whatever makes us just in the sight of God. What makes us just in the sight of God? Sanctifying grace and the practice of virtue make us just in the sight of God. How did Jesus express this? He said: “ Seek ye, therefore, first the kingdom of God and His justice, and all these things shall be added unto you.” On Rash Judgment. Why are we not allowed to judge others? We are not allowed to judge others: (1), Because that is a right which belongs to God alone; (2), As we are unable to know all the motives of men’s actions, we can never form a just judgment. Which sins does Christ condemn in this part of His sermon? He condemns the sins of unjust suspicion and rash judgment. How is the sin of rash judgment committed? The sin of rash judgment is committed by, forming a bad opinion of one without sufficient reason. The Sermon on the Mount. 323 Against which Commandment is rash judgment? Kash judgment is against the eighth Command¬ ment. Is there any other reason why we should not judge others rashly? Yes, it is very unbecoming for us to attribute to others faults, while we ourselves may be guilty of greater ones. How did Jesus express this idea? He said: “ Thou hypocrite, cast out first the beam out of thine own eye, and then shalt thou see to cast the mote out of thy brother’s eye.” Against whom in particular were these words directed ? These words were directed against the Scribes and Pharisees, who insisted on the observance of the mi¬ nutest details in the ceremonial laws and neglected the important commandments of God. What does this rebuke imply? It implies that there are two kinds of sins, mortal and venial. Why is a sin called mortal ? A sin is called mortal because it kills the life of the soul, which is sanctifying grace. Why is a sin called venial? A sin is called venial because God pardons it more easily than he does a mortal sin. What reward shall we receive if we keep God’s Commandments ? If we keep God’s Commandments we shall receive an eternal reward in heaven. 324 The J\ T ew Testament . Can we keep the Commandments without any effort ? No, we must practise self-denial and guard against temptation in order to keep the Commandments. Is it hard to practise self-denial and to guard against temptation? Yes, for Jesus says: “Wide is the gate and broad is the way that leadeth to destruction, and many there are who go in thereat.” Concluding Remarks. How did Jesus conclude His sermon? He concluded His sermon with the parable of the man who built his house on a rock, and the other who built on sand. What is the meaning of the first parable? The meaning of the first parable is as follows: “ You have all listened to My words, now if you do as I have taught you, you will be wise like the man who built his house on a rock. The storms of temptation will not affect you, because the principles which govern your life are built on a rock.” What is the meaning of the second parable ? The meaning of the second parable is as follows: “ But having listened to My words,” says Christ, “ if you fail to follow them you will be foolish, like the man who built his house on sand. For as the latter is swept away by a storm, so you too will fall a prey to the first storm of temptation, unless you are doers of the word.” How did this sermon impress the people? They were filled with admiration for Jesus. The Leper and the Centurion'’s Servant. 325 What reason does the Evangelist give for their admiration? The Evangelist gives the following reason: Because “ Jesus was teaching with authority, not like the Scribes and Pharisees.” What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to listen attentively to the sermons and instructions of the priest. XXIII. THE CURE OF THE LEPER AXD OF THE CENTURION'S SERYAXT. What does this lesson relate ? It relates that Jesus cured miraculously a leper and the servant of the centurion. What happened after Jesus finished His Sermon on the Mount? After Jesus finished His sermon a leper approached Him. What is leprosy? Leprosy is a most loathsome disease, that covers the whole body. Why was it considered such a terrible disease? It was a most disgusting disease. The lepers were outcasts of human society, had to live by themselves, and were not allowed to enter the Temple or offer sacrifice. Mention something in the Old Testament which shows that it was considered a terrible affliction. The devil did not know of a worse affliction for J oh than leprosy. What did the leper say to Jesus? The leper said to Jesus: “ Lord, if Thou wilt, Thou canst make me clean.” 326 The New Testament. What do the words of the leper show? They show that he believed in the divinity of Christ. How do his words show that he believed in the divinity of Christ? His words show that he believed in the divinity of Christ because they implied that he believed that Christ could do whatever He willed. Did Christ reward the faith of the leper? Yes, Christ rewarded his faith by curing him of his leprosy. Of what is leprosy a figure? Leprosy is a figure of sin. How is it a figure of sin? As leprosy disfigures the body and finally leads to death, so mortal sin, by depriving the soul of sanctify¬ ing grace, disfigures the soul and leads to eternal death. Is there any similarity between the manner in which the leper was cleansed and the manner in which the sinner is cleansed from his sin ? After the leper had been cured he was obliged to appear before the priest in order to be declared clean; the sinner must appear before the priest, not to be “ declared ” clean from sin, but to be really cleansed from it. Whither did Jesus go after He had cured the leper ? He went into Capharnaum. What took place there ? A Roman centurion sent to Jesus, asking Him to cure his servant. What did the centurion do when Jesus approached his house? He met Jesus on the road and said to Him: “Lord, The Leper and the Centurion*s Servant. 327 I am not worthy that Thou shouldst enter under my roof, but only say the word and my servant shall be healed.” Which virtues did the centurion display on this occasion? He displayed: (1), Love and compassion for his sick servant; (2), Firm faith in Christ; (3), Humility. When is our faith firm ? Our faith is firm when we believe without the least doubt all that God has revealed. Did Jesus praise the faith of the centurion? Yes, He praised his faith in the following words: “ Amen I say to you, I have not found so great faith in Israel.” What did Jesus foretell on this occasion? He foretold that many pagans would heed the call of grace and participate in the heavenly banquet, while many of the Jews would be lost for all eternity. What were Our lord’s words? His words were as follows: “ And I say unto you that many shall come from the East and the West, and shall sit down with Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob, in the kingdom of heaven. But the children of the king¬ dom shall be cast out into the exterior darkness: there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth.” How did Christ reward the faith of the centurion ? He rewarded his faith by curing his servant. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to confess our sins sin¬ cerely and humbly to the priest. 328 The New Testament, XXIY. JESUS RAISES FROM THE DEAD THE SOX OF THE WIDOW OF NAIM. What does this lesson relate? It relates that Jesus raised to life the son of the widow of Naim. What did Jesus do after curing the servant of the centurion? After curing the servant of the centurion He per¬ formed a still greater miracle by raising a dead man to life. Where did this happen? It happened in Naim. What is the meaning of the word “ Naim ” ? “ Naim ” means lovely. Whence did the city derive this name? The city derived this name from its beautiful situa¬ tion. Where is Naim? Naim is about thirty miles from Capharnaum, and is situated on the top of a beautiful green hill. What happened as Jesus entered the city? As He entered the city He met a funeral procession. Who was about to be buried? The only son of a widow was about to he buried. Was the mother very sad? Yes, because he was her only son, the support of her old age. Were the people in the funeral procession perform¬ ing a good work ? Yes, they were performing one of the corporal works of mercy. 329 The Son of the Widoiv of Naim. Was Jesus affected by the sorrow of the mother? Yes, because He comforted her and restored her son to life. Who are recommended especially to our charity? The poor, widows, and orphans, and all who are in bodily or spiritual need, are especially recommended to our charity. Did the dead man lie in a coffin ? Yo, it was customary in the East to carry the corpse to the grave on a bier. What does this miracle prove ? It proves that Christ is God. Who were the witnesses of this miracle ? All who followed the corpse were witnesses of the miracle. Has this miracle also a figurative meaning? Yes, it is a figure of the sinner who before his con¬ version has been spiritually dead. How is the soul restored to spiritual life ? The soul is restored to spiritual life through the sacraments of the dead. Which are the sacraments of the dead? Baptism and Penance are the sacraments of the dead. Who was overjoyed at the young man’s restoration to life ? His mother was overjoyed. Who rejoices when the sinner is restored to spiritual life? Our holy Mother the Church rejoices. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to help those who are in trouble, especially in time of sickness or death. 330 The New Testament. XXV. THE MISSION OF THE DISCIPLES OF JOHN THE BAPTIST TO CHRIST. What does this lesson relate? It relates that St. John sent two of his disciples to Jesus. What virtue do we admire most of all in St. John the Baptist ? In St. John the Baptist we admire most of all his fortitude. How did he show his fortitude? He showed it by reprimanding King Herod for his sins. What sins had Herod committed ? He had taken the wife of his brother, who was still living, thus committing the sins of incest and adultery. What did St. John say to Herod? He said to him: “ It is not lawful for thee to have thy brother’s wife.” Was St. John doing a good work when he rebuked Herod ? Yes, he was performing one of the spiritual works of mercy, namely, to admonish the sinner. Why did St. John do this? St. John rebuked Herod because his mission was to preach penance. How did Herod receive the reprimand? He threw St. John into prison. Where was St. John when he sent his disciples to Jesus? He was in prison. 331 Mary Magdalen the Penitent. Why did he send them to Jesus? St. John wanted his disciples to hear from the lips of Jesus Himself that He was the Messias, and to wit¬ ness some of the miracles proving this truth. What did the disciples of St. John say to Jesus? They said to Jesus: "Art Thou He that art to come, or look we for another? ” What did Jesus answer? He answered: “ Go and relate to John what you have heard and seen. The blind see, the lame walk, the lepers are cleansed, the deaf hear, the dead rise again, the poor have the gospel preached to them, and blessed is he that shall not be scandalized in Me.” What did Jesus mean by these words? He meant to say: “ All things that the prophets have foretold about the Messias are fulfilled in Me; consequently I am the Messias.” What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to do our duty coura¬ geously even at the risk of offending people. XXVI. MARY MAGDALEN THE PENITENT. What does this lesson relate? It relates how Jesus pardoned Mary Magdalen, a great sinner. Which of His attributes did Jesus display on this occasion ? Jesus displayed on this occasion His knowledge of all things and His mercy. How did He display His knowledge of all things? He displayed His knowledge of all things by read¬ ing the thoughts of Simon. 332 The New Testament. What did Simon think of Jesus’ treatment of Mary Magdalen ? Simon wondered within himself why Jesus would permit a sinful woman to approach Him. How did Jesus reply to his thoughts? Jesus replied by a parable in which He showed that it was right for Mary Magdalen to show her great love for Him, because He had forgiven her many sins. How did He show His mercy to Mary Magdalen? He showed His mercy by uttering no reproof, but even defending her against the attacks of the Pharisees. Why were her sins forgiven? Her sins were forgiven because of her great faith and love. Whence do we learn this? We learn this from the words of Christ: “ Thy faith hath made thee safe and again: “ Many sins are for¬ given her because she hath loved much.” What is the foundation and root of justification? The foundation and root of justification is faith. What proceeds from faith? Contrition proceeds from faith. What is contrition ? Contrition is a hatred of sin and true grief of the soul for having offended God, with a firm purpose of sinning no more. When is our contrition perfect? Our contrition is perfect when we are sorry for our sins because they have offended God, who is infinitely good and deserving of our love. Cure of the /SioJc Man at Bethsaida. 333 Is a firm purpose of amendment necessary for an act of contrition? Yes, a firm purpose of amendment, either explicit or implicit, is necessary. What do you understand by a firm purpose of amendment ? A firm purpose of amendment is a resolution not only to avoid sin, but also its occasions. What takes place in our soul when our sins are forgiven ? When our sins are forgiven sanctifying grace is infused into our soul. What is sanctifying grace? Sanctifying grace is that grace which makes the soul holy and pleasing to God. What should we learn from this lesson ? We should learn from it that Jesus is always ready to forgive our sins if we only repent of them as Mary Magdalen did. XXVII. CUKE OF THE MAX WHO HAD BEEN SICK FOE THIRTY-EIGHT YEARS. What does this lesson relate ? It relates that Our Lord cured a man who had been sick thirty-eight years. What other name did the pond “ Probatica ” have ? It was also called in Hebrew, “ Bethsaida/’ What does the word “ Bethsaida ” mean? Bethsaida means place of grace, or favors. Why was it called this name ? It was called Bethsaida because the sick were often cured there. 334 The New Testament. Where were the sick usually? They usually lay in the five porches of the building that surrounded the pond. Did Jesus perform a miracle there? Yes, He cured instantly a man who had been sick thirty-eight years. What did Jesus say to him? He said: “ Arise, take up thy bed, and walk.” What did this miracle prove? Like all the other miracles, it proved the divinity of Christ. What did the Jews say to this miracle? They blamed Jesus for having cured the man on the Sabbath. What did Jesus answer? He said: “My Father worketh until now, and I work.” Did this answer satisfy the Jews? No, they became more angry when He said that He was equal to the Father. How did He announce this truth? He announced it by the words: “For what things soever He doth, these the Son also doth in like manner.” What else did Jesus reply to them? He said that He was Lord of life and death, that He could raise the dead to life just as the Father could, and that the Father had committed all judgment to Him. What judgment is understood here? The last judgment is understood. 335 Cure of the Side Man at Bethsaida. How many judgments are there? There are two judgments, the General or Last Judgment and the Particular Judgment. When does the Particular Judgment take place? The Particular Judgment takes place immediately after death. When does the General Judgment take place? The General Judgment takes place on the last day. As Christ is Lord of life and death, what do we owe Him? Christ being Lord of life and death, we owe Him the highest honor. What is the highest honor we can pay Christ called ? The highest honor we can pay Christ is adoration. When did Christ speak of this honor? Christ spoke of this honor when He said: “ For neither doth the Father judge any man, hut hath given all judgment to the Son, that all men may honor the Son as they honor the Father.” Of what is the pond Bethsaida a figure ? It is a figure of Baptism. How is it a figure of Baptism? As all kinds of diseases were cured in the pond at Bethsaida, so are all sins forgiven in the Sacrament of Baptism. Is there any figure of Baptism in the Old Testa¬ ment ? Yes, the passage through the Eed Sea is a figure of Baptism. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to help the sick and afflicted. 33 G The New Testament. XXVIII. TIIE SINS AGAINST THE HOLY GHOST.— MARY IS DECLARED BLESSED. What does this lesson relate? It relates that Jesus cured a man who was blind and deaf and possessed by the devil; it also speaks of the sins against the Holy Ghost. Were the Jews convinced by this miracle that Jesus was the Son of God? No, they said that He was in league with the devil and cast out devils by the power of the devil. Why did the Pharisees make this accusation against Jesus? The Pharisees made this accusation: (1), Because they were jealous of His growing power and popu¬ larity among the people; (2), Because they resisted the grace of the Holy Ghost and would not believe in the miracles of Christ. What sin did they commit? They committed a sin against the Holy Ghost. Which are the six sins against the Holy Ghost? The six sins against the Holy Ghost are: presuming on God’s mercy, despair, resisting the known truth, envy of another's spiritual good, obstinacy in sin, final impenitence. Why are they called sins against the Holy Ghost? They are called sins against the Holy Ghost be¬ cause those who commit them resist the grace of the Holy Ghost in a special manner. What does Jesus say of these sins? He says they will not be forgiven in this life nor in the life to come. The Seven Parables of the Kingdom of Ileaven. 337 Can all sins be forgiven ? Yes, all sins can be forgiven if we co-operate with God’s grace. Why, then, cannot the sins against the Holy Ghost be forgiven? Our sins cannot be forgiven without God's grace; now those who sin against the Holy Ghost refuse God’s grace, so that it is impossible for them to be saved as long as they remain in that condition. What prophetic words were partially fulfilled on this occasion? The words of the Blessed Virgin in the Magnificat, “ Henceforth all nations shall call me blessed;” were partially fulfilled. How were these words partially fulfilled? They were fulfilled by the woman who cried out, on witnessing Jesus’ miracle, “ Blessed is the womb that bore Thee, and the paps that gave Thee suck.” What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to have a special devotion to the Blessed Virgin. XXIX. JESUS PREACHES ON THE LAKE OE GENESARETH.—THE SEVEN PARABLES OE THE KINGDOM OF HEAVEN. Which is the first parable that Jesus taught on this occasion ? The parable of the sower is the first. Who is the Sower? Jesus Christ Himself is the Sower. 338 The New Testament. What is the field ? The field is the human heart. What is the seed? The seed is the word of God. What is the meaning of this parable ? It means that God gives His grace to all men, but it fails to produce a good effect in the hearts of many. What is the first reason for its failure? First, because the seed falls on the wayside and the birds devour it, that is to say, the grace of God does not even take root in some hearts, because they have not a good will. What is the second reason? Second, because the seed falls on a rock, and although it takes root it soon withers; that is to say, some receive the grace of God joyfully and perform some good works, but fail to persevere. What is the third reason? Third, because some seed falls among thorns and when it grows up the thorns choke it; that is to say, some receive the grace of God, persevere for a while, but finally fall a prey to temptation. But is the grace of God not productive of good in some hearts? Yes, the grace of God is productive of good in the hearts of those who resist temptation and persevere to the end. What should we learn from this parable ? We should learn from this parable: (1), To listen attentively to the word of God; (2), To live according to it. The Parable of the Seed and the Cockle. 339 XXX. THE PAEABLE OF THE SEED AXD THE COCKLE. What does this lesson relate? It relates the parable of the seed and the cockle. What do we understand by the kingdom of heaven ? The kingdom of heaven is the kingdom of God on earth, His Chnrch. Whom do we understand by the wheat? By the wheat we understand the good. Whom do we understand by the cockle? By the cockle we understand the bad. What does Christ teach by this parable ? He teaches that the good and bad will always be together in His Church. Why does Christ permit this ? Christ permits this: (1), Because He will not destroy man’s free will; (2), In order to give the bad time to repent; (3), To give the good an opportunity of practising virtue. When are the good separated from the bad? The good are separated from the bad on the last day, at the General Judgment. What is meant by the “ fire ” ? By the “ fire ” is meant hell. What is hell ? Hell is a place where the damned suffer for all eternity. Who are condemned to hell? All who die in the state of mortal sin are con¬ demned to hell. 340 The New Testament . XXXI. THE PARABLE OF THE MUSTARD SEED, THE LEAVEN, THE TREASURE, THE PRECIOUS PEARL, AND THE NET. What does this lesson relate? It relates the parables of the mustard seed, the leaven, the treasure, the precious pearl, and the net. Why did Christ choose the mustard seed for this parable ? Christ chose the mustard seed for this parable be¬ cause it is the smallest of all the seeds. What is the meaning of this parable? As the mustard seed is small at first, but in time becomes a great plant, so the Church from a small beginning soon spread over the whole world. Does the fact that the Church is spread over the whole world prove anything ? Yes, it proves that the Church is catholic. Why is the Church catholic? The Church is catholic because she has subsisted in all ages from the time of Christ, is spread over the whole world, and will continue her mission till the end of time. What is meant by the leaven? By the leaven is meant the grace of God. Of what is the woman a figure? She is a figure of the Church. Of what is the meal a figure? It is a figure of the human race. What is the meaning of the parable ? It means that just as the leaven acidifies one layer of meal after another until the whole mass is affected, Parable of the Mustard Seed and Other Parables. 341 so the grace of God will gradually work its way into men’s hearts until it finally dominates the whole human race. What is the meaning of the parable of the treasure ? The treasure is the Christian religion and all the graces connected with it; for it is more precious than all earthly treasures. What is the meaning of the parable of the pearl ? As the merchant gave all he had to purchase the “ one ” precious pearl, so there is only “ one ” truth, “ one ” faith, for which we must be ready to give up all things. Which Church has the true faith? The Catholic Church alone has the true faith. Which faith can save us? Only the faith taught by Jesus Christ can save us. What is the meaning of the parable of the net ? It means that both good and bad belong to the Church of Christ. What do all these parables show? They show that the Church of Christ, the kingdom of God on earth, is the most precious thing in the world. What do we ask in the second petition of the “ Our Father ” ? In the second petition of the “ Our Father ” we ask that the kingdom of God, His Church, he spread over the whole world in order to lead men to heaven. How can we assist the Catholic Church in the spread of religion? We can assist the Catholic Church in the spread of 342 The New Testament. religion by contributing to the support of her mis¬ sionaries. XXXII. JESUS IX THE TEMPEST AT SEA. What does this lesson relate? It relates that Jesus entered a boat with His dis¬ ciples and put out to sea. What happened soon after they had put out to sea? A great storm arose. Did Jesus do anything at first to still the storm? Xo, He slept. Of what was His sleep a proof? His sleep was a proof of His human nature. Were the disciples frightened? Yes, for they cried out: u Lord, save us, we perish." What did Jesus answer them? Jesus answered: “ Why are ye fearful, 0 ye of little faith?" Why did they deserve to be called of little faith? They deserved to be called of little faith because their faith should have told them that no evil would befall them while Christ was with them, even if He slept. Why was their anxiety unreasonable ? Their anxiety was unreasonable because God never sleeps, but always watches over us. Did Jesus prove on this occasion that He is God? Yes; He commanded the winds and the waves to The Daughter of Jairus Raised to Life. 343 subside, and at once a great calm came over the waters. Why did Jesus perform this miracle? Jesus performed this miracle: (1), To strengthen the faith of His disciples; (2), To assure them that He would always protect them in the storms of persecu¬ tion. Of what is the storm-tossed boat a figure ? i It is a figure of the Church which has been battered by the persecution of centuries, but which will weather all the storms till at last it sails safely into the harbor of eternity. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to have confidence in God, who will never desert His Church in her persecutions nor His children in their trials. XXXIII. JESUS HEALS THE WOMAX AF¬ FLICTED WITH AX ISSUE OF BLOOD AXD RAISES THE DAUGHTER OF JAIRUS TO LIFE. What does this lesson relate ? It relates that Jesus raised a dead girl to life, and cured a woman who was afflicted with an issue of blood. What happened when Jesus landed after the storm? When Jesus landed He was approached by a ruler of the synagogue, who asked Him to help his dying daughter. What did he say to Jesus? He said: “ Lord, my daughter is even now dead, but come, lay Thy hand upon her, and she shall live/’ 344 The New Testament. Do his words remind us of some other similar occurrence in Our Lord’s public life? Yes, they remind us of What the centurion said to Jesus. Whose faith was the greater, the centurion’s or Jairus’? The faith of the centurion was greater. Why was the faith of the centurion greater? The faith of the centurion was greater because he did not consider it necessary for Jesus to see the sick person to cure him. What happened while Jesus was on His way to the daughter of Jairus? While Jesus was on His way to the daughter of Jairus a woman who had been sick twelve years touched His garment and was instantly cured. What did Jesus say to her? Jesus said to her: “ Daughter, thy faith hath made thee whole.” How did Jesus raise the daughter of Jairus to life? Jesus took the young girl by the hand and said to her: “ Damsel, I say to thee arise.” And she arose at once. How do we know that she was really dead ? We know that she was really dead: (1), From the testimony of all who were in the house; (2), From the testimony of Jesus Himself; (3), Because the musicians had come, as was customary, to mourn her death. How, then, could Jesus say: “The girl is not dead, but sleepeth ” ? He could say this because, although the girl’s soul The First Mission of the Apostles . 345 had really left the body, still for Jesus, who is all- powerful, it was as easy to restore her to life as it w T ould he to awake her from sleep. Is sleep an image of death? Yes, sleep is an image of death because it re¬ sembles death in so many respects. How long will our body be separated from our soul after death? Our body will be separated from our soul until the last day. What takes place then ? The body is united to the soul again and both appear before the judgment-seat of God. Will all arise in the same condition? Yo, the bodies of the just will be glorified, and the bodies of the wicked will be hideous. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to have all confidence in Jesus who can do all things. XXXIV. THE FIRST MISSION OF THE APOSTLES. What does this lesson relate? It relates how Jesus sent out the Apostles on their first mission. What was the result of Christ’s preaching and miracles ? The number of His followers increased from day to day. What did Jesus do to gratify the wish of all who desired to listen to His teaching? He chose twelve men to assist Him in His work. 346 The New Testament . Name them. They were Simon Peter, Andrew his brother, James the son of Zebedee, and John his brother, Philip, Bar¬ tholomew, Thomas, Matthew the publican, James the son of Alpheus, Thaddeus, Simon Chananeus, and Judas Iscariot. What did Jesus call these men? He called them Apostles, that is, men who have been sent as ambassadors. Why were they called ambassadors? They were called ambassadors: (.1), Because they had been “ sent 99 to the lost sheep of the house of Israel and then to the whole world; (2), Because they were representatives of Christ. Why did Christ call the Israelites lost sheep? The Israelites were lost sheep because they were without a shepherd. When did Christ make the Apostles His representa¬ tives? Christ made the Apostles His representatives when He said to them: “ He that heareth you heareth Me.” Did Jesus give any authority to His Apostles? Yes, He gave them: (1), The authority to preach; (2)^ To work miracles; (3), To bless. When did He confer the authority to preach? He conferred the authority to preach when He said: “And going, preach, saying the kingdom of heaven is at hand.” When did He give them the power to work miracles ? He gave them the power to work miracles when He The First Mission of the Apostles. 347 said: “ Heal the sick, raise the dead, cleanse the lepers, cast out devils.” When did He confer the power to bless ? He conferred the power to bless when He said: “ And when you come into a house salute it, saying: Peace he to this house! And if that house he worthy your peace shall come upon it.” What does the conferring of this three-fold power prove ? The conferring of this three-fold power proves that Jesus is God, for He could not give a power which He Himself did not possess, and only God could possess such powers. How were the Apostles to exercise their office ? They were to exercise their office: (1), With con¬ fidence in God; (2), Without human respect. When did Jesus recommend confidence in God? Jesus recommended confidence when He said to them: “ Fear ye not them that kill the body and are not able to kill the soul, but rather fear him that can destroy both soul and body. . . . Are not two sparrows sold for a farthing: And not one of them shall fall on the ground without your Father.” Why should we have confidence in God ? We should have confidence in God because He always watches over us, and can protect us from all danger. Did Jesus foretell that the Apostles would be per¬ secuted? Yes, for He said: “ Beware of men. For they will deliver you up in councils, and they will scourge you in their synagogues. And you shall he brought before governors and before kings for My sake.” 348 The New Testament . Did Christ promise the Apostles any reward if they remained faithful in spite of persecutions? Yes, He said to them: “ He that shall lose his life for Me shall find it.” How did the Apostles fulfil Christ’s commission? They passed through many towns of Judea, preach¬ ing penance, driving out devils, and healing the sick. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it: (1), To be always cou¬ rageous and to trust in God; (2), To ask God to give good priests to His Church. XXXY. THE BEHEADING OF ST. JOHN THE BAPTIST. What does this lesson relate ? It relates that St. John was cast into prison and beheaded by Herod. Why was St. John cast into prison? St. John was cast into prison because he repri¬ manded Herod for his sins. What occurred while St. John was in prison? The daughter of the adulterous Herodias pleased Herod so much by her dancing that he swore he would give her whatever she asked. What did she ask? She asked for the head of St. John the Baptist. Did Herod grant her request? Yes, he granted it. How many sins did Herod commit ? He committed: (1), Adultery; (2), Incest; (3), Murder; (4), Rash oath. The Miracle of the Loaves and Fishes . 349 Why was Herod’s oath rash? Herod's oath was rash because he swore without sufficient reason; moreover he swore to grant any¬ thing (even if it were sinful) the girl might ask. What is an oath? An oath is the calling on God to witness the truth of what we say. What is necessary to make an oath lawful? In order to make an oath lawful it is necessary that what we swear be true, or if it be promissory what we swear to do be good, and that we have sufficient reason for taking the oath. Was not Herod obliged to keep his oath ? No, he had sworn to do something wrong if the girl asked, so it was not a lawful oath. For which virtues was St. John distinguished? St. John was distinguished: (1), For his fortitude; (2) ? For his fidelity to his office. When do we celebrate the Feast of the Beheading of St. John the Baptist? We celebrate this feast on the twenty-ninth of August. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it not to take a rash or false oath. XXXVI. THE MIRACLE OF THE LOAVES AND FISHES.—JESUS FEEDS MIRACULOUSLY FIVE THOUSAND MEN. What does this lesson relate ? It relates that Jesus fed five thousand men with five loaves and two fishes. 350 The New Testament. Which of His attributes does Jesus display in this lesson ? Jesus displays in this lesson: (1), His goodness, and (2), His almighty power. How did Jesus show His goodness? He showed His goodness by providing for the spiritual and bodily nourishment of the people. How did He show that He is all-powerful? He showed that He is all-powerful by performing a miracle to provide for the bodily nourishment of the people. What was the miracle ? He fed five thousand men with five loaves and two fishes. Of what was this miracle a figure? It was a figure of the spiritual nourishment of our soul through the Sacrament of the Holy Eucharist. What did Jesus do before He performed the miracle? Before He performed the miracle Jesus raised His eyes to heaven and prayed. What impression did the miracle make on the Jews? They recognized in Jesus the promised Messias, and as they thought the Messias would be a powerful worldly prince, they wanted to make Him king. What did they expect from their worldly Messias? They expected Him to liberate them from the yoke of the Romans. What did Jesus do when He noticed that they wanted to make Him king ? When Jesus noticed that they wanted to make Him king, He retired from them to pray. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to say our prayers before Jesus Walks Upon the Water. 351 and after meals, and to seek consolation in prayer rather than in the pursuit of worldly honors. XXXVII. JESUS WALKS UPOX THE WATER. How many miracles are mentioned in this lesson? Four miracles are mentioned: (1), Jesus walks upon the water; (2), Peter, too, at the command of Jesus walks upon the water; (3), When Jesus entered the boat the storm was stilled; (4), As soon as Jesus touched the boat it was brought to land. How far was the boat from land? It was about a mile and a half, which distance was covered in an instant. What did Jesus intend by this miracle? He intended: (1), To strengthen the faith of His Apostles; (2), That the miracle should serve as a figure of St. Peter and His Church. Why did Jesus wish to strengthen the faith of the Apostles just at this time? Jesus wished to strengthen the faith of the Apostles at this time because He was just about to reveal to them the great mystery of the Holy Eucharist. How was the miracle a figure of St. Peter? It was a figure of the infallibility of Peter; he could not sink. How was it a figure of the Church ? It was a figure of the Church in as far as it shows that Jesus always watches over it. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to be always loyal to the Pope, the successor of St. Peter. 352 The New Testament. XXXVIII. THE PROMISE TO INSTITUTE THE BLESSED SACRAMENT. What does this lesson relate? It relates that Jesus promised to give the Jews food that would never perish. Where did Jesus make this promise? Jesus made this promise in the synagogue at Capharnaum. How did Jesus promise this bread? He said: “ Labor not for the meat which perisheth, but for that which endureth unto life everlasting, which the Son of man will give you.” Did Christ tell them what the imperishable bread was? Yes, He said that He Himself was this bread. When did He say this? Jesus told them that He was the imperishable bread when He said to the Jews: “ I am the living bread, which came down from heaven. If any man eat of this bread he shall live forever, and the bread which I will give is My flesh for the life of the world.” How did the Jews understand Christ’s words? They understood them literally, that is, that He meant to give them His real body. But did they believe that He could do it ? No, they thought it was impossible for Him to give His real body for food. How do we know that they thought it impossible? They said among themselves: “ How can this man give us His flesh to eat?” The Promise to Institute the Blessed Sacrament. 353 How did Jesus wish them to understand His words? He wished them to understand His words literally, as they actually did. How do we know this? We know that Jesus wished the Jews to under¬ stand His words literally: (1), Because He repeated the promise; (2), Because He threatened to punish those who would not eat this bread; (3), Because He prom¬ ised eternal happiness to all who would partake of it; (4) , Because He permitted many to leave Him forever, as they thought that He could not give His real body; (5) , Because He was ready to let even His Apostles go rather than correct the impression they had received from His words, namely, that He was going to give His real body. How did He threaten to punish those who would not eat this bread? He said: “Amen, amen I say unto you, unless you eat the flesh of the Son of man, and drink His blood, you shall not have life in you.” How did He repeat His promise ? He said: “My flesh is meat indeed, and My blood is drink indeed.” When did He promise to reward all who would eat this bread? He promised to reward all who would eat this bread when He said: “ He that eateth My flesh, and clrinketh My blood, hath everlasting life, and I will raise him up in the last day.” How did the disciples receive the words of Christ ? Many of them were scandalized and said: “ This saying is hard, and who can hear it? ” 354 The New Testament . Did Jesus take back His words or change them when He saw that some of His disciples were scandalized? No, He repeated His promise, and appealed to His almighty power to show that He could give them His real body. How did He appeal to His almighty power ? He said: “ Doth this scandalize you? If then you shall see the Son of man ascend up where He was before? ” To what did Jesus refer? He referred to His Ascension into heaven, which was due to His almighty power. Did this explanation satisfy His disciples? Some of them believed His words, others remained stubborn in their unbelief and left Jesus forever. Was this promise a test of the faith of the disciples? Yes, it was a test of their faith. Was Jesus ready to let all the Apostles go rather than take back His words? Yes, for He said to them: “Will you also go away? ” What did the Apostles answer ? St. Peter spoke for the Apostles and said: “Lord, to whom shall we go? Thou hast the words of eternal life.” What follows from all this? It follows from all this that Jesus promised to give His real body and blood for the spiritual nourishment of our soul. When did Jesus make this promise? Jesus made this promise about Easter in the second year of His public life, a year before His death. The Woman of Clianaan. 355 When did Jesus fulfil His promise? He fulfilled His promise one year later, when He instituted the Blessed Sacrament at the Last Supper. What should we learn from this lesson ? We should learn from it to prepare ourselves well to receive holy communion. Which commandment of the Church obliges us to receive holy communion once a year? The fourth commandment of the Church obliges us to receive holy communion once a year. Should we receive holy communion more than once a year ? Yes, we should receive holy communion more than once a year because holy communion is just as neces¬ sary for the soul as food is for the body. XXXIX. THE WOMAN OF CHANAAX. What does this lesson relate ? It relates that Jesus drove a devil out of the daughter of a woman of Clianaan. Did the woman ask Jesus to free her daughter from the devil? Yes, she ran after Him and cried out: “ Have mercy on me, 0 Lord, Thou Son of David; my daughter is grievously troubled by a devil.” Did Jesus hear her request at once ? No, He did not answer her at all. Why did Jesus not answer her? He wished to test her faith. 356 The New Testament. How did she stand the test? She still continued to beseech Our Lord to hear her prayer. How was she rewarded for persevering in her prayer? She gained the sympathy of the Apostles, who begged Jesus to hear her prayer. What did He reply? He replied: “I was not sent but to the sheep that are lost of the house of Israel/’ What was the meaning of these words? These words meant that the Messias was promised first to the Jews, consequently He was sent first to them. Did the woman understand the meaning of the words of Jesus? Yes, she acknowledged the justice of Christ’s re¬ mark, but still persisted in her request. What did Jesus say to her? He said: “It is not good to take the bread of the children and to cast it to the dogs.'’ Did she still persist in her prayer after this rebuff? \"es, she said to Jesus: “ Yea, Lord, for the whelps also eat of the crumbs that fall from the table of their masters.” Did Jesus finally hear her prayer? Y"es, He cured her daughter. Which virtues should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it the virtues of faith and humility. The Keys of the Kingdom of Heaven. 357 XL. JESUS PROMISES ST. PETER THE KEYS OF THE KINGDOM OF HEAVEN. What does this lesson relate? It relates that Jesus promised to confer on St. Peter the highest office in His Church. Where did He make the promise? He made the promise in the neighborhood of Csesarea Philippi. Where is Caesarea Philippi? It is about thirty miles from the Lake of Genes- areth. What did Jesus do before He promised St. Peter the Primacy? Before Jesus promised St. Peter the Primacy He tried his faith. In what did the test consist? St. Peter was to make an open profession of his faith in the divinity of Christ. Did the most of the Jews believe in the divinity of Christ ? No, many thought Christ was St. John, or Jeremias, or one of the prophets. How was it that the Jews did not recognize their Messias when all that had been foretold of Him was fulfilled in Jesus? The Jews did not recognize Jesus as the Messias because their principal idea of the Messias was not realized in Him; they thought He would be a rich worldly prince, and they saw that Jesus was poor. 358 The New Testament . How did St. Peter profess his faith in the divinity of Christ? When Jesus said to St. Peter: “ Whom do you say I am? ” St. Peter answered: “ Thou art Christ, the Son of the living God.” What is faith? Faith is a divine virtue by which we firmly believe all that God has revealed, because He can neither de¬ ceive nor be deceived. When do we receive this virtue ? We receive it in Baptism. Which other virtues do we receive at the same time ? We also receive the virtues of hope and charity in Baptism. How do we receive these virtues? They are infused into our soul, hence they are called infused virtues. What other name have they? They are called theological virtues. Why are they called theological ? They are called theological because they refer directly to God. When should we make the acts of faith, hope, and charity ? We should make the acts every morning. What did Jesus do after St. Peter’s public profession of faith? After St. Peter’s public profession of faith: (1), Jesus confirmed the testimony of St. Peter by calling Himself the Son of God; (2), He called St. Peter blessed on account of his faith; (3) ? He promised to make him the visible head of His Church. The Keys of the Kingdom of Heaven. 359 When did He confirm St. Peter’s testimony and call him blessed? Jesus confirmed St. Peter’s testimony and called him blessed when He said: “Blessed art thou, Simon Bar Jona, because flesh and blood hath not revealed it to thee, but My Father who is in heaven.” When did He promise to make St. Peter the head of His Church ? He promised to make St. Peter the head of His Church when-He said: “ Thou art Peter, and upon this rock I will build My Church.” How many Churches did Jesus found? He founded only one Church, for He said: “ I will build My ‘ Church ’ ”—not Churches. Is the Church of Christ visible? Yes, the Church of Christ is visible because it rests on a visible foundation and consists of visible mem¬ bers who may be recognized as members of the Church of Christ. How long will the Church last? The Church will last till the end of the world, for Christ said: “ The gates of hell will not prevail against it.” What did Jesus mean when He told St. Peter that He would give him the keys of the kingdom of heaven ? When Jesus said that He would give St. Peter the keys of the kingdom of heaven He meant that He would confer upon St. Peter the highest authority and power in His Church. In what does this supreme power consist? It consists in the highest power to teach, to make laws, and to judge. 360 The New Testament. So what position in the Church was promised to St. Peter? He was promised the office of the Vicar of Christ. Who are the vicars of Christ on earth after the death of St. Peter? The successors of St. Peter, the Bishops of Rome, are the vicars of Christ. What is our duty towards the Popes, the vicars of Christ on earth? (]), We should respect, love, and obey them; (2), We should pray for them. XLI. THE TRANSFIGURATION OF JESUS ON MOUNT THABOR. What does this lesson relate? It relates that Jesus was transfigured on Mount Thabor. . Where is Mount Thabor? Mount Thabor is southeast of Nazareth, about sixty miles from Ciesarea. Why is the Transfiguration of great importance? The Transfiguration is of great importance be¬ cause the heavenly Father testified publicly that Jesus is His beloved Son. What did the Father say? He said: “ This is My beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased; hear ye Him.” Did the Father give a similar testimony on any other occasion? Yes, He gave the same testimony when Jesus was baptized in the Jordan. The Transfiguration of Jesus on Mount TJiabor. 361 Who were present at the Transfiguration on Mount Thabor? Moses and Elias, and the Apostles Peter, James, and John were present. Why were Moses and Elias present? Moses and Elias were present to show: (1), That Jesus w r as the Messias foretold by the prophets; (2), That the New Testament was the fulfilment of the Old Testament. Why did Jesus wish to have the three Apostles present ? Our Lord wished to show Himself in His glory, so that they might not he scandalized when they would see Him in His Passion. What mystery is just the contrary of Christ’s Trans¬ figuration? His crucifixion is the contrary of His Transfigura¬ tion. What was Jesus doing when the Transfiguration took place ? He was praying. Did the Apostles share in the Transfiguration? Yes, they shared in it in as far as they were trans¬ ported with joy at the sight. How did St. Peter express his joy? He said: “ Lord, it is good for us to be here. If Thou wilt, let us make here three tabernacles, one for Thee, one for Moses, and one for Elias/’ Of what does the Transfiguration remind us? It reminds us of the consolation we experience in prayer, and the great joy which awaits us in heaven if we serve God faithfully. 3G2 The New Testament. What is prayer ? Prayer is the lifting up of our minds and hearts to God to adore Him, to thank Him for His benefits, to ask His forgiveness and to beg of Him the graces we need, whether for the soul or body. What are the effects of prayer? Prayer unites us with God, strengthens us to avoid evil and do good, obtains comfort for us in our trouble, help in our need and the grace to persevere to the end. Did Jesus prophesy on this occasion? Yes, He prophesied His Resurrection, for He said: “ Tell the vision to no man till the Son of man be risen from the dead.” XLII. THE TRIBUTE FOR THE TEMPLE. What does this lesson relate? It relates that Jesus paid the Temple tax for Him¬ self and St. Peter. How much was the annual tribute for the Temple ? The annual tribute for the Temple was a di¬ drachma. How much was this in our money ? A didrachma was about a shilling. Was Jesus obliged to pay this tribute? Ho, He was not obliged to pay it. How can we prove it from His words on this occa¬ sion? He asked the Jews, of whom the kings of the earth exacted tribute, of the children or strangers; and they said, of strangers; and Jesus said: “Then the children are free.” Jesus Blesses the Little Children. 363 What is the meaning of these words “ the children are free ” ? The meaning is: "If the children of the kings are exempt from paying the tribute, I, who am the Son of the King of kings, must be free ” Why did Christ pay the tribute if He was not obliged ? He paid it lest the Jews might be scandalized. What did Jesus do on this occasion? He commanded St. Peter to cast in his line, and having caught a fish to open its mouth; Peter did as commanded and found a stater — enough to pay for Christ and himself. What should we learn from this lesson ? We should learn from it not to give bad example. XLIII. JESUS BLESSES THE LITTLE CHIL¬ DREN.—OK SCANDAL. What does this lesson relate? It relates that Jesus blessed the little children and warned His disciples against scandal. Whom did Jesus hold up as an example for His Apostles ? Jesus held up as an example a little child. Which virtues of a child were they to imitate? They were to imitate its simplicity and humility. Against which sin does Jesus warn the Apostles? He warns them against the sin of scandal. What does He say about this sin ? He says: "And whosoever shall scandalize one of these little ones that believe in Me: it were better for 304 The New Testament. him that a millstone were hanged about his neck, and that he should be drowned in the depth of the sea.” Which Commandment forbids scandal? The fifth Commandment forbids scandal. What sins are forbidden by the fifth Command¬ ment? All sins that are injurious to our neighbor’s bodily or spiritual welfare are forbidden by the fifth Com¬ mandment. Has God placed any special protection over us? Yes, He has given every one a guardian angel. How do we know that we have guardian angels? We know this from the words of Jesus: “ For I say to you that their angels in heaven always see the face of My Father, who is in heaven.” How should we conduct ourselves towards our guardian angels? We should venerate them, invoke their aid, listen to and follow their advice, and be careful not to grieve them by a mortal sin. When is the Feast of the Guardian Angels? The Feast of the Guardian Angels is on the second of October. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to avoid giving scandal. XLIV. THE POWER TO FORGIVE SINS CON¬ FERRED ON THE APOSTLES.—THE PAR¬ ABLE OF THE UNFORGIVING SERVANT. What does this lesson relate? It relates that Jesus conferred on His Apostles the power to forgive sins; it also relates the parable of the unforgiving servant. Power to Forgive Sins Conferred on the Apostles. 365 Did Our Lord confer on the Apostles the power to forgive and retain sins? Yes, Our Lord conferred the power to forgive and retain sins when He said to the Apostles: u Amen I say to you: whatsoever you shall hind on earth shall be hound also in heaven; and whatsoever you shall loose on earth shall be loosed also in heaven.” Had St. Peter already received the same power? Yes, St. Peter had already received the power to forgive and retain sins. Was the power of the Apostles to forgive sins as ample as St. Peter’s? Yes, the power to forgive sins was just as ample in the other Apostles as in St. Peter; but St. Peter being the head of the Apostles, they were all subject to him. Did the power to forgive sins pass from the Apostles to others? Yes, the power to forgive sins passed to their suc¬ cessors, the bishops of the Church. How do we know that Christ intended this power to pass to others? We know that Christ intended this power to pass to others, because He conferred it for the benefit of all the members of His Church, which will last till the end of time. What does Jesus wish to show by the parable of the unforgiving servant? He wishes to show the infinite mercy of God. Who is the servant who owed ten thousand tal¬ ents? Every sinner is this servant. 366 The New Testament. Could the sinner himself satisfy for his sins? No, the sinner could not satisfy for his sins he- cause the debt in a. certain sense was infinite. Why was it in a certain sense infinite ? The debt was in a certain sense infinite because the offence was directed against an infinite being —God. What lesson does this parable teach us? It teaches that almighty God is ready to forgive sins under certain conditions. Name one of these conditions. One of the conditions is that we forgive our fellow- men. When do we express our willingness to fulfil this condition? As often as we say the Lord's Prayer: “ Forgive us our trespasses as we forgive them who trespass against us/ ? we express our willingness to forgive our fellow- men. XLV. JESUS SENDS FOETH HIS SEVENTY- TWO DISCIPLES. What does this lesson relate? It relates that Jesus sent forth His seventy-two disciples. Whom did Jesus give the Apostles to assist them in their work? Jesus gave the Apostles seventy-two disciples to assist them. How did Jesus send out the disciples? He sent them out in pairs, two and two. Why did He send them out in pairs? OHe sent them out in pairs: (1), Because they were The Love of God and Our Neighbor. 367 to give testimony to His teaching, and the testimony of two is stronger than one; (2), That by their harmony and brotherly love they might show that they came to preach the gospel of peace. How is the world obliged to treat the representa¬ tives of Jesus Christ? The world must receive the representatives of Jesus Christ, listen to them, and believe in their doc¬ trine. Why did the disciples rejoice on their return? They rejoiced on their return because of the suc¬ cess which they had won througn the grace of God. How did Jesus complete their joy? Jesus completed their joy: (1), By consoling them; (2), By assuring them of their reward in heaven. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to give God the honor for all our success. XLVI. THE COMMANDMENTS OF THE LOVE OF GOD AND OUR NEIGHBOR.—THE GOOD SAMARITAN. What does this lesson relate? It relates what Jesus said to the doctor of the Law, and the story of the good Samaritan. What important doctrine did Jesus proclaim to the doctor of the Law? He told him that in order to save his soul he had to observe two commandments: (1), To love God; (2), To love his neighbor. What is the commandment of the love of God ? The commandment of the love of God is: “ Thou 368 The New Testament . shalt love the Lord thy God with thy whole heart, and with thy whole soul, and with all thy strength, and with all thy mind.” Which of the ten Commandments does this com¬ prise ? The commandment of the love of God comprises the first three Commandments. What are we commanded by the first Command¬ ment? By the first Commandment we are commanded to adore God alone. What are we commanded by the second Command¬ ment? By the second Commandment we are commanded to speak with reverence of God and the saints and of all holy things, and to keep our lawful oaths and vows. What are we commanded by the third Command¬ ment? By the third Commandment we are commanded to keep holy the Lord’s day and holydays of obligation. What is the commandment of the love of our neighbor? The commandment of the love of our neighbor is: “ Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself.” Mention a saying that expresses the same idea. “ Do unto others as you would that others do unto you.” Who is our neighbor ? Every one, enemy as well as friend, is our neighbor. How did Jesus explain this? He explained it by the parable of the good Samari¬ tan. The Love of God and Our Neighbor. 369 Which were the characteristics of the Samaritan’s love? The Samaritan’s love was sincere, unselfish, and nniversal. How do we know that his love was sincere ? We know that his love was sincere because he not only sympathized with the wounded man, but actually helped him. How do we know that it was unselfish ? We know that his love was unselfish because he sought no reward or return for the good he did. How do we know that it was universal ? We know that it was universal because he helped a Jew, an enemy of his people. Should our love also have these characteristics ? Yes, our love should be sincere, unselfish, and uni¬ versal. Against which Commandments did the robbers sin? They sinned against the fifth and seventh Com¬ mandments. What does the fifth Commandment forbid? The fifth Commandment forbids all sins that injure the body or soul of our neighbor. How can we injure the soul of our neighbor? We can injure the soul of our neighbor: (1), By in¬ ducing him to commit sin; (2), By being the occasion of sin. What does the seventh Commandment forbid? The seventh Commandment forbids all sins which injure or destroy our neighbor’s property. Mention some of the sins against this Command¬ ment. Stealing, fraud, damaging another’s property, get- 370 The New Testament. ting money under false pretences, as, for example, giving a wrong age when about to join insurance societies, usury, and every other sin against justice, are sins against the seventh Commandment. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to be kind to all, even our enemies, when they are in affliction. XLVII. MARTHA AND MARY. What does this lesson relate? It relates how Martha and Mary received our divine Lord into their home. Where did this biblical event take place? It took place in Bethany. Where is Bethany? Bethany lies on the southeastern side of Mount Olivet, in the neighborhood of Jerusalem. Of what is Martha a model ? Martha is a model of fidelity to her calling. What was Martha’s calling? She was housekeeper. How did she show her fidelity to her calling? Martha showed her fidelity to her calling by leaving nothing undone to receive Jesus in a befitting manner. Did Jesus censure Martha for doing her work faith¬ fully? No, but He blamed her for her undue solicitude and anxiety for temporal affairs. What did Jesus say to her? Jesus said: “ Martha, Martha, thou art careful and troubled about many things. But one thing is neces¬ sary.” Jesus the Good Shepherd , and the Lost Sheep. 371 Of what is Mary a model? Mary is a model of the perfect love of God. How did this perfect love of God show itself? It showed itself in her utter neglect of everything except Jesus. Which of the sisters was the more sensible? Mary was the more sensible because “ she chose the better part.” In what did the better part consist ? It consisted in possessing God for all eternity. What should we learn from Martha? We should learn from Martha to fulfil the duties of our state of life industriously and conscientiously. What should we learn from Mary? We should learn from Mary to work for the “ one thing necessary,” the salvation of our soul. XLVIII. JESUS THE GOOD SHEPHERD, AND THE LOST SHEEP. What does this lesson relate? It relates the parable of the good shepherd. What does Jesus call Himself in the parable of the good shepherd? Jesus calls Himself the good shepherd. Which are the marks of a good shepherd? The good shepherd: (1), Leads his sheep: Jesus does this by His words and example; (2), He protects them against all attacks: Jesus guards us against evils of the soul and body; (3), He takes care of all the sheep: Jesus loves all of us, “ And other sheep I have which are not of this fold; them also I must bring;” 372 The New Testament. (4), The good shepherd must be willing to defend his sheep with his life: Jesus gave up Ilis life to rescue His sheep from the clutches of Satan. When did Jesus give up His life? Jesus gave up Ilis life when He died on the cross. What does Jesus show us in the parable of the lost sheep ? In this parable He shows us His great love for the sinner, who, like the lost sheep, has strayed from the right path. How does He show His love for the sinner in this parable ? He shows His love for the sinner in this parable by seeking the sinner, calling him, and when He has found him by taking him back to the fold. How does Jesus do this for the sinner? He does it by Ilis grace. What important doctrine of our holy religion is expressed in this parable ? The necessity of actual grace for the conversion of the sinner is expressed in this parable—the antecedent grace which calls him to the true path, concomitant grace which assists him to keep to the true path, and subsequent grace which follows him to the end. How many kinds of grace are there ? There are two kinds, actual grace and sanctifying grace. What is sanctifying grace? Sanctifying grace is that quality of the soul which makes it pleasing and acceptable in the sight of God. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it always to heed the call of God’s grace. The Parable of the Prodigal Son. 373 XLIX. THE PARABLE OF THE PRODIGAL SOX. What does this lesson relate? It relates the parable of the prodigal son. What does Jesus describe in this parable? He describes: (1), The sinner’s separation from God; (2), His return to God; (3), His reception by God. Who is the father in the parable? The father is God. Who is the first-born son? The first-born son is the just man. Who is the younger son? The younger son is the sinner. Why did the prodigal leave his father’s house? He thought he would enjoy himself better away from home in a strange country. What is meant here by the “ strange country ” ? Every mortal sin is the “ strange country/’ because it separates us from the home of our heavenly Father. What happened to the prodigal in the strange country ? He spent all his money. What does the sinner lose ? He loses sanctifying grace. Is the prodigal happy in the strange country? Xo; on the contrary he is very unhappy. Why is the sinner unhappy ? He is unhappy because his conscience gives him no rest and he has become separated from God, the source of all true happiness. 374 The New Testament. What was the beginning of the prodigal’s return? He recognized his miserable condition and trusted in the love of his father. How do we know that he recognized his condition? We know this because we read that he entered into himself and said: “ How many hired servants in my father’s house have plenty of bread, and I here perish with hunger.” What did he do after he realized his miserable con¬ dition ? After he realized his condition he began to be sorry for what he had done. Was his sorrow genuine? Yes, his sorrow was genuine, for he made up his mind to return to his father’s house. Whence do we learn of his resolution? We learn of his resolution from his own words. He says: “ I will arise and go to my father.” So what is necessary for the sinner in order to be converted to God? It is necessary: (1), That he should know his condi¬ tion; (2), That he should trust in God’s mercy. How does the sinner learn his condition? The sinner learns his condition by making an ex¬ amination of conscience. What do we mean by making an examination of conscience? By making an examination of conscience we mean trying to find out the sins one has committed since he left God. How should we begin to examine our conscience? We should begin our examination of conscience by 375 The Parable of the Prodigal Son. praying to God for light to know onr sins and grace to be sorry for them. Mention an easy way of making an examination of conscience. An easy way of making an examination of con¬ science is by going through the Commandments and trying to find out whether we have sinned against them and how often we have done so. What should the sinner do after having found out the sins he has committed ? Having found out his sins, the sinner should ask God’s pardon for them by making an act of contrition. Which are the qualities of contrition? The qualities of contrition are four: it must be interior, supernatural, universal, and sovereign. What does an act of contrition include ? It includes a firm purpose of amendment. What is a firm purpose of amendment? A firm purpose of amendment is a fixed resolve not only to avoid sin but also the occasion of sin. What follows the examination and the act of con¬ trition ? Confession follows. Why must we confess our sins? We must confess our sins because Christ has or¬ dained it. Did the prodigal son confess his sins? Yes, for he said: “ Father, I have sinned against heaven and before thee.” How did his father receive him ? His father went forth to meet him, gave him a robe, put a ring on his hand and shoes on his feet, and prepared a great feast for him. The New Testament. 376 How does God receive the sinner? He goes forth to meet him with His actual ante¬ cedent grace. Does He give the sinner a robe? Yes, God gives the sinner the robe of sanctifying grace. Does He give the sinner a ring? Yes, God gives the sinner a ring when He speaks through the priest the words of absolution, a sign that he is a child of God. Does He give the sinner shoes? Yes, God gives the sinner shoes when He provides him with grace to walk in the path of virtue. What is the feast which He prepares for the sinner? The feast which God prepares for the sinner is holy communion. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to turn to God by a good confession, if ever we should have the misfortune of falling into mortal sin. L. THE PARABLE OF DIVES AND LAZARUS. What does this lesson relate? It relates the parable of Dives and Lazarus. What did the two preceding parables show us? They showed us the mercy of God. What does the parable of Dives and Lazarus show us? It shows us God’s justice. How does God show His justice in this parable? God shows His justice by rewarding Lazarus, who 377 The Parable of Dives and Lazarus. suffered in this life, and punished Dives, who enjoyed himself. What do we mean when we say that “ God is just ” ? When we say that “ God is just ” we mean that He rewards all good and punishes all evil deeds just as they deserve. Why did Lazarus receive a reward? Lazarus received a reward because he was patient and resigned to the will of God. What was his reward? His reward was heaven. Why was Dives punished? Dives was punished because by indulging in the pleasures of the world he forgot to serve his God. How do we know that Dives forgot to serve God? We know that he forgot to serve God because he was proud, uncharitable, and sensual. How do we know that Dives was proud and haughty ? We know that he was proud and haughty because he permitted a human being, having a soul like himself, to lie at his door while he dined sumptuously within. How do we know that he was most uncharitable and hard-hearted? We know that he was most uncharitable and hard¬ hearted because he denied the starving Lazarus the crumbs which he gave his dogs. How was Dives punished ? He was cast into hell. In what do the pains of hell consist? The pains of hell are two-fold: the pain of the senses and the pain of loss. 378 The New Testament . In what does the pain of “loss” consist? The pain of “ loss ” consists in the loss of the sight of God. In what does the pain of the “ senses ” consist? The pain of the “ senses ” consists in the suffering which is caused by the fire. What should we learn from Lazarus? We should learn from him to bear poverty with patience and resignation, trusting in God to reward us in the life to come. What should we learn from the punishment of Dives? We should learn from his punishment to be charitable, and to lead lives of self-denial. LI. JESUS GIVES SIGHT TO THE MAN BORN BLIND. What does this lesson relate? It relates that Jesus cured a man who was born blind. Does this biblical event contain a new proof of Christ’s divinity? Yes, because: (1), It is a miracle; and (2), Christ Himself said to the blind man He had cured, “ He who talketh with thee is the Son of God.” What prophecy was fulfilled by this miracle ? The prophecy of Isaias was fulfilled by this miracle: “ The blind see, the deaf hear, the lame walk,” etc. Did the Pharisees believe in the miracles of Jesus? No, the Pharisees did not believe. Jesus Gives Sight to the Man Born Blind. 379 Why did they not believe that Jesus was the prom¬ ised Messias? They did not believe: (1), Because they thought the Messias would be a powerful temporal prince, and Jesus was poor; (2), Because Jesus censured them publicly for their hypocrisy. What did the Pharisees do when they refused to believe in Jesus? When the Pharisees refused to believe in Jesus they resisted the grace of God. Can we resist the grace of God? Yes, we can resist the grace of God, because we are free. Did the blind man believe in Jesus? Yes, and as a reward for his faith his sight was restored. What was the special quality of the faith of the blind man? His faith was constant. How do we know this? We know that his faith was constant because he persevered in his faith in spite of the persecutions of the Pharisees who reviled him, and cast him out of the synagogue. Which are the qualities of faith ? The qualities of faith are four: It is universal, firm, constant, and lively. When is our faith universal? Our faith is universal when we believe all that God has revealed. 380 The New Testament . When is our faith firm? Our faith is firm when we believe without the least doubt. When is our faith constant? Our faith is constant when we are ready to suffer everything, even death itself, rather than renounce our faith. When is our faith lively? Our faith is lively when we live up to it. Mention some who were constant in their faith. The martyrs were constant in their faith. Did Jesus make use of an outward sign when He healed the blind man? Yes, He spat on the ground, made clay of the spittle, and rubbed the clay on the eyes of the blind man. Was this a figure of anything? Yes, it was a figure of the sacraments, which are outward signs that give grace. What is a sacrament? A sacrament is an outward sign instituted by Christ to give grace. How many things are necessary to make a sacra¬ ment? Three things are necessary to make a sacrament: (1), An outward sign; (2), Institution by Christ; (3), Grace. How are the sacraments divided? The sacraments are divided into two classes: sacra¬ ments of the living and sacraments of the dead. Which are the sacraments of the dead? The sacraments of the dead are Baptism and Penance. The ‘ 6 Our Father. ’ 5 381 Why are they called sacraments of the dead? They are called sacraments of the dead because the soul is spiritually dead when they are received. What do we mean by spiritually dead ? By spiritually dead we mean that the soul is de¬ prived of the life of grace. Which are the sacraments of the living? The sacraments of the living are Confirmation, Holy Eucharist, Extreme Unction, Holy Orders, and Matrimony. Why are they called sacraments of the living? They are called sacraments of the living because, in order to receive them worthily, the soul must be living the life of grace. What should we learn from this lesson ? We should learn from it to be careful not to offend God with our eyes. LII. THE “ OUR FATHER.” What does this lesson relate? It relates that Jesus taught His Apostles the “ Our Father.” Has this prayer another name? Yes, it is also called the Lord’s Prayer. Of what does the Lord’s Prayer consist? It consists of an address to God and seven petitions. How should we pray? We should pray with attention, with confidence, with humility, with resignation to the will of God, and with perseverance. 382 The New Testament. Can you mention some who prayed with persever¬ ance? Elizabeth and Zachary, and the woman of Chanaan, prayed with perseverance. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to say our morning and night prayers regularly. LIII. THE PARABLE OF TIIE RICH MAH. What does this lesson relate? It relates the parable of the rich man who died while he was planning to acquire more wealth. What does Our Lord teach us in this parable? He warns us against the sin of avarice, and ad¬ monishes us to lay up riches that will last for all eternity. How does Our Lord warn us against avarice? He warns us against avarice in the following words: “ Take heed and beware of all covetousness.” How do we sin by avarice ? We sin by avarice when we become too attached to the things of this world. To what class of sins does avarice belong? Avarice is one of the seven capital sins. Which are the seven capital sins ? Pride, Covetousness, Lust, Anger, Gluttony, Envy, and Sloth. Why should we lay up riches for eternity ? We should lay up riches for eternity because they will last forever in heaven. What do we call those works that merit heaven? Works that merit heaven we call meritorious. The Barren Fig-tree. 383 Why does Christ warn us against riches ? Christ warns us against riches because it is harder for a rich man to save his soul than a poor man, as most men do not use riches properly. Why should we not allow our heart to become attached to riches ? We should not allow our heart to become attached to riches because they soon pass away, and can never make us happy. How does the parable teach us this truth ? The rich man planned to build many barns, as he expected to have large crops, grow rich, and live a long time to enjoy his riches. But the very night he planned to build new barns he died. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to detach our heart from the things of this world. LIY. THE BARREN FIG-TREE. What does this lesson relate? It relates the story of the barren fig-tree. Who is the owner of the fig-tree and the vineyard ? The owner is almighty God. Who is the vineyard? The vineyard, in the Old Testament, is the syna¬ gogue; in the New Testament it is the Catholic Church. Who is the fig-tree? The fig-tree in the Old Testament was every Jew; in the New Testament it is every Christian. How long did the owner wait for fruit ? He waited in vain for three years. 384 The New Testament. What is the meaning of the three years in the Old Testament ? The first year is the time from Abraham to Moses, the second from Moses to the prophets, the third from the prophets to Christ. Did the Jews bring forth fruits of penance? Xo, they remained stubborn and would not be con¬ verted. Did the master of the vineyard wish the fig-tree to bear fruit? Yes, he wished it to bear fruit. Does God give every one sufficient grace to be saved? Yes, God gives every one sufficient grace to be saved. Does every one bring forth fruits of penance? Xo, many do not bring forth fruits of penance because they resist God’s grace. Does God punish at once every one who resists His grace ? Xo, He often waits many years before He punishes him. What does this show? It shows that God is patient and long-suffering. How is the patience and long-suffering of God expressed in this parable? The vine dresser said to the master: “ Sir, let it alone this year also, until I dig about it and manure it, if so happily it bear fruit.” What would happen if the tree did not bear fruit after a year? It would be cut down. The Ten Lepers. 385 What does this show? It shows that if we resist the grace of God for a long time He will finally punish us. What do we learn from this lesson ? We learn from it that God is long-suffering and merciful. LY. THE TEN LEPERS. What does.this lesson relate? It relates that Jesus cured ten lepers and that only one returned to thank Him. Why did the lepers have to stand afar off? The lepers had to stand afar off because, according to the Jewish Law, a leper was obliged to live secluded from the rest of the people. What did they say when Our Lord approached them? When Our Lord approached them they cried out: “ Jesus, Master, have mercy on us.” What did they show by these words ? They showed that they believed that Jesus is God, and would help them. Were their faith and confidence rewarded? Yes, because Jesus healed them of their leprosy. Were they all grateful for this favor? No; only one returned to thank Jesus. Of what is leprosy a figure? Leprosy is a figure of sin. What is the meaning of the words, “ Go show thy¬ self to the priest ” ? The Jewish Law required the cured leper to appear before the priest, who would certify to his cure and admit him again into society. 386 The New Testament. May these words be applied to any rite in the New Testament ? Yes, they may be applied to confession. What must we do to be cured of the leprosy of sin ? To be cured of the leprosy of sin we must show ourselves to the priest, that is, we must go to con¬ fession. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to be grateful to God for having forgiven our sins. LVI. THE PHARISEE AND THE PUBLICAN. What does this lesson relate? It relates how the Pharisee and publican prayed in the Temple. How many sins did the Pharisee commit? He committed the sins of pride and rash judgment. How do we sin by pride? We sin by pride when we attribute to ourselves what is due God, and when we despise our neighbor because we consider ourselves better than he. How do we know that the Pharisee was guilty of pride ? We know that he was guilty of pride because he despised the publican and said: “ Lord, I thank Thee that I am not like other men.” How do we know that he attributed to himself what belonged to God? We know that he attributed to himself what be¬ longed to God because he thought himself perfect and did not consider it necessary to pray to God for help. The Pharisee and the Publican. 387 How do we know that he despised his neighbor ? We know that he despised his neighbor because he considered every one hut himself a sinner. How do we know that he was guilty of rash judg¬ ment? We know that he was guilty of rash judgment be¬ cause he believed;, without sufficient reason, that the publican was a sinner. Did the good works of the Pharisee have no value in the sight of God? No, they had no value in the sight of God because he had a had intention. Why was his intention bad? His intention was had because he sought his own glory and not the honor and glory of God. Which virtues do we find in the publican ? We find in the publican two virtues: Humility and a spirit of penance. How did he show that he was humble ? He showed that he was humble by acknowledging his sin and begging God’s mercy; he said: “ Lord, have mercy on me, a sinner.” To what class of virtues does humility belong? Humility belongs to the moral virtues. Name the moral virtues that are opposed to the seven capital sins. They are: Humility, Liberality, Chastity, Meekness, Temperance, Joy, and Zeal. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to he humble, and always to remember that it is only God’s grace which keeps us from committing more and greater sins. 388 The New Testament. LV1I. JESUS AT THE FEAST OF THE DEDI¬ CATION OF THE TEMPLE. What does this lesson relate? It relates what Jesus said at the Feast of the Dedi¬ cation of the Temple. When was the Feast of the Dedication of the Tem¬ ple celebrated? It was celebrated in December. Why is the presence of Jesus on this occasion of great importance? It is of great importance because Jesus revealed His divinity on this occasion. How did Jesus reveal His divinity? He revealed His divinity to the Jews when He said: “ I and the Father are one.” How could Jesus say that He and the Father are one ? He could say this because He and the Father are one and the same nature and essence. How many persons are there in God? In God there are three divine persons. How many natures are there in God? In God there is but one nature. What do we mean when we say that there are three persons in God? When we say that there are three persons in God we mean that in God there are three separate and dis¬ tinct beings who have one and the same nature, that is, who have one and the same intellect and will. Why are the three persons only one God? The three persons are only one God because they have one and the same nature. The Rich Young Man. 389 Can we thoroughly understand the doctrine of the Holy Trinity? No, we cannot thoroughly understand the doctrine of the Holy Trinity because it is a mystery. But is not this mystery unreasonable, because we say that three are one? The mystery of the Holy Trinity is not unreason¬ able for we do not say three persons are one person, hut we say that three different persons have one and the same divine nature. Did the Jews believe Jesus when He said that He was God? No, they picked up stones to stone Him. Did Jesus take back what He had said ? No, He repeated it and referred to His miracles as a proof of His divinity. Were the Jews finally convinced? No, they tried to seize Christ, but He escaped from their hands. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to love our holy faith, and to believe firmly all that God has revealed. LYIII. THE RICH YOUNG MAN. What does this lesson relate? It relates what Jesus said to the rich young man who asked what he had to do to be saved. What important doctrine of the Catholic Church is expressed in this lesson? The doctrine that faith alone will not save us, but that good works are also necessary, is expressed in this lesson. d90 The New Testament. How did Jesus express this doctrine? lie said to the young man: “ If thou wilt enter into life, keep the Commandments.” Which Commandments did Jesus mention? He mentioned the Commandments that refer to our neighbor and which were on the second tablet. Why does Jesus mention these Commandments and not the Commandments of God? Jesus mentions these Commandments because as St. John says: How can any one love God, whom he does not see, if he does not love the neighbor whom he sees? Besides it is easier to pretend to love God than one’s neighbor. Is it enough to believe? No, it is not enough to believe; we must live up to our belief. What is our faith called when we live up to it? When we live up to our faith it is called lively. Was the young man satisfied with Our Lord’s answer ? No, he wanted to do more than keep the Command¬ ments: he wanted to be perfect. In what does Christian perfection consist? Christian perfection consists in being free from all inordinate love of self and the world; in loving all things in God, and God above all things. What means should we employ to attain perfection ? To attain perfection we must observe the three evangelical counsels. Name them. The three evangelical counsels are perfect obedi¬ ence, voluntary poverty, and perpetual chastity. The Laborers in the Vineyard . 391 What advice did Jesus give the young man when he expressed a wish to be perfect ? Jesus said to him: “ If thou wilt he perfect, go sell what thou hast and give to the poor, and thou shaft have treasure in heaven; and come follow Me.” Did the young man follow the advice of Jesus? No, he went away sad. Why did he go away sad? He went away sad because he was very rich and did not want to give up all his wealth. What should we learn from this lesson ? We should learn from it that riches very often turn men's hearts from God, and consequently are very dangerous. LIX. THE PARABLE OF THE LABORERS IN THE VINEYARD. What does this lesson relate? It relates the parable of the laborers in the vineyard. Who is the master of a family in the parable ? The master of a family is God. Who is the vineyard ? The vineyard is the kingdom of God on earth, the Catholic Church. What is the market? The market is the world. Who are the laborers ? The laborers are all mankind. What is the day’s labor ? The day’s labor is the life of man on earth. What is the penny ? The penny is the eternal reward in heaven. 392 The New Testament. When does God call men into His vineyard? At every period of life, even at the very last moment, God calls men into His vineyard. When are the laborers paid ? They are paid at the close of the day, that is, after death. How are they paid? Every one, even the sinner who enters the vineyard at the last moment, and works faithfully to the end, receives an eternal reward. What does this parable show? It shows that God is ready to receive the sinner even at the last moment if he is truly sorry for his sins. What may the contrite sinner expect from God? The contrite sinner may expect from God two things: forgiveness of his sins, and an eternal reward. What must the sinner do to obtain the eternal reward? To obtain the eternal reward he must work faith¬ fully in the vineyard of the Lord—that is, he must co-operate with the grace of God. Are all invited to work in the vineyard ? Yes, all are invited. Why is it, then, that all do not receive a reward ? All do not receive a reward because some do not accept the invitation. What sin did the early laborers commit ? They committed the sin of envy. How did they sin by envy? They sinned by envy because they were sad when they saw that the late laborers received as much as they. To what class of sins does envy belong? Envy belongs to the seven capital sins. The Raising of Lazarus from tlie Dead. 393 What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it never to despair of God's mercy. LX. THE RAISING OF LAZARUS FROM THE DEAD. What does this lesson relate? It relates that Jesus raised Lazarus from the dead. Why is this lesson of great importance ? It is of great importance because it is an infallible proof that Jesus is God. How is it a proof of the divinity of Jesus? It is a proof of the divinity of Jesus because He speaks and acts as God. How does He speak as God? He speaks as God: (1), When He calls Himself the Son of God, and the Author of the Resurrection; (2), When He calls God His Father. When does He call Himself the Son of God ? He calls Himself the Son of God when He says: “ This sickness is not unto death, hut for the glory of God, that the Son of God may be glorified by it.” When does He call Himself the Author of the Resurrection ? He calls Himself the Author of the Resurrection when He says: “ I am the Resurrection and the Life A When will we arise from the dead? We will all arise from the dead on the last day. Will all men arise ? Yes, the had as well as the good will rise again. Will the bodies of all be alike? No, the bodies of the just will be beautiful, while the bodies of the wicked will be ugly. 394 The New Testament. Which article of the Creed contains this truth? The eleventh article contains this truth. How does the eleventh article of the Creed read? The eleventh article of the Creed is as follows: “I believe in the resurrection of the body.” How does Jesus act as God in this lesson? He acts as God: (1), When He approves of Martha’s declaration of His divinity; (2), When He shows that He knows all things; (3), When He raises Lazarus from the dead. When did Martha profess her belief in the divinity of Christ? Martha professed her belief in the divinity of Christ when she said: “ Yea, Lord, I have believed that Thou art Christ, the Son of the living God, who art come into this world.” How did Jesus show that He knows all things? He showed that He knows all things because He knew of the death of Lazarus before any one had told Him. What did Jesus say when He raised Lazarus to life? When Jesus raised Lazarus to life He said: u Lazarus, come forth.” Why did Jesus perform this miracle? Jesus performed this miracle: (1), To strengthen the faith of His Apostles for the time of His bitter Passion; (2), That His Apostles might hope for His Resurrection while His body lay in the grave. What impression did the miracle make on those who witnessed it? Some profited by it and believed, others refused to believe and became more hardened. What sin did the latter commit ? They committed a sin against the Holy Ghost. Jesus Foretells His Passion and Death . 395 What was their sin against the Holy Ghost ? It was resistance to the known Christian truth. How many have we already mentioned whom Jesus raised from the dead? We have already mentioned three whom Jesus raised to life: The daughter of Jairus, the son of the widow of Nairn, and Lazarus. How soon after their death did Jesus raise them to life? He raised the daughter of Jairus to life imme¬ diately after her death, the son of the widow while the body was being carried to the grave^ and Lazarus after he had been buried. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to pray daily for the grace to preserve our faith to the end. LXI. JESUS FORETELLS HIS PASSION AND DEATH.—ZACHEUS. What does this lesson relate? It relates what Jesus foretold about His suffering and death and what He said to Zacheus. How did the Jews regard the miracle of the raising of Lazarus to life ? Some of the Jews believed in Jesus; but the Phari¬ sees hated Him more than ever, for they saw that He was gaining followers among the people. How did the Pharisees’ hatred for Jesus manifest itself ? They decided to put Him to death. What did Jesus do? He retired in the neighborhood of a desert where, six days afterwards, He foretold His Passion and death. 396 The New Testament . Lid He foretell His Passion in detail? Yes, He foretold that He would be mocked, spat upon, scourged, and finally put to death; but that He would rise again on the third day. What were His words ? He said: “ They shall condemn the Son of man to death and shall deliver Him to the Gentiles. And they shall mock Him, and spit on Him, and scourge Him, and kill Him; and the third day He shall rise again.” Were His predictions fulfilled? Yes; they were fulfilled to the slightest detail. What follows from this ? It follows: (1), That Jesus knows all things and consequently is God; (2), That His Passion was before His mind. What did Christ suffer? Christ suffered a bloody sweat, cruel scourging, was crowned with thorns, and was crucified. When do we commemorate the Passion of Our Lord? We commemorate the Passion of Our Lord during Lent, especially during Holy Week. Whither did Jesus go after the six days had elapsed ? After the six days had elapsed He went to Jeru¬ salem. What city did He pass on His way? On His way He passed the city of Jericho. What happened there? He met there the chief of the publicans, Zacheus. Which were the chief virtues of Zacheus ? Humility and an intense longing to see the Re¬ deemer were the chief virtues of Zacheus. Jesus Anointed by Alary, 397 Did Jesus reward him for these virtues? Yes, He entered his house and accorded him the grace of conversion. Did Zacheus co-operate with this grace? Yes, Zacheus co-operated with the grace, for his conversion was most complete. How do we know this? We know that his conversion was complete because he gave one-half of his goods to the poor, and was willing to restore four-fold whatever he might have taken unjustly. What should we learn from Zacheus ? We should learn from him to prepare our hearts to receive Jesus into our house in holy communion. LXII. JESUS ANOINTED BY MARY. What does this lesson relate? It relates that Mary anointed the feet of Jesus; and that Jesus rebuked those who found fault with her. Why did Mary anoint Jesus? Mary anointed Jesus to show her gratitude to Him for having raised her brother Lazarus from the dead. Why did she take a very precious ointment to anoint Jesus? She took a precious ointment to anoint Jesus because to her mind nothing was too precious for Him. Did those who were present approve of her act ? No, some of them were indignant and said: “ For what purpose is this waste ?” and Judas Iscariot said: “ Why was not this ointment sold for three hundred pence and given to the poor? ” 398 The New Testament. Why did Judas speak thus? Judas spoke thus because he loved money. Which was the characteristic vice of Judas? Avarice was his characteristic vice. How far did his love of money lead him? His love of money led him to betray his Master, Jesus Christ. Did Judas suddenly acquire the vice of avarice? No, it grew on him gradually, and he was often warned by Our Lord of its danger. What did Jesus say to this attack on Mary? He took her part and foretold that her act of love would he mentioned wherever the Gospel would he preached. How did Jesus foretell that Mary’s act would be mentioned wherever the Gospel would be preached? Jesus foretold it in the following words: “ Why do you trouble this woman? for she hath wrought a good work upon Me. For she in pouring this ointment on My body hath done it for My burial. Amen I say to you, wheresoever this Gospel shall be preached in the whole world, that also which she hath done shall be told for a memory of her.’’ What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to despise the opinion of the world, when we know that we have Jesus’ approval. LXIII. THE TRIUMPHAL ENTRY OF JESUS INTO JERUSALEM. What does this lesson relate? It relates the triumphal entry of Our Lord into J erusalem. The Triumphal Entry of Jesus into Jerusalem. 399 How long did Jesus remain in Bethany? He remained there two days, Friday and Saturday. When did He enter Jerusalem? He entered Jerusalem the following Sunday. What place did He pass on His way? He passed through Bethphage on His way. Where is Bethphage ? Bethphage is in the neighborhood of Jerusalem. What happened there ? He told His Apostles to go into the village, where they would find an ass and its colt, and to loosen them and bring them to Him. Did the Apostles carry out His orders? Yes, and Jesus made His triumphal entry into J erusalem. Why did He enter publicly? He entered publicly because He wanted to appear publicly as the Messias. What prophecy was fulfilled by this event ? By this event the prophecy of Zacharias was ful¬ filled: “ Kejoice greatly, 0 daughter of Sion, shout for joy, 0 daughter of Jerusalem: Behold the King will come to thee, the Just and Saviour: He is poor and riding upon an ass and upon a colt, the foal of an ass.” Why did Jesus make use of the colt of an ass? The ass is a figure of peace, and Jesus wished to enter J erusalem as the Prince of peace. How did Jesus show on this occasion that He knows all things? He showed that He knows all things because: (1), He told His Apostles just where they would find the ass and the colt; (2), Because He foretold the destruction of Jerusalem. 400 The New Testament. Why did Jesus weep when He saw Jerusalem? He wept because: (1), He foresaw the destruction of a people He loved; (2), On account of the eternal damnation of so many souls which He had come to save. Of what is Jerusalem a figure? Jerusalem is a figure of the hardened sinner. How did the people of Jerusalem receive Jesus? They received Him with great joy, and going before Him, they strewed the way with palms and cried out: “Hosanna to the Son of David! ” Did these sentiments last long? No, the following Friday they cried out: “ Crucify Him! crucify Him! ” What class of people resemble the Jews in thin respect ? All those who receive Our Lord in holy communion, and a few days after drive Him out of their hearts by mortal sin, resemble the Jews. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it not to be fickle like the Jews, but to keep our good resolutions. LXIY. THE PARABLE OF THE MARRIAGE FEAST. What does this lesson relate? It relates the parable of the marriage feast. What does Jesus predict in this parable? He predicts that the Jewish people will prove un¬ faithful to the call to join the kingdom of the Messias, and consequently will be punished by almighty God. Who is the king? The king is God the Father. The Parable of the Marriage Feast. 401 Who is the kings son? The Son of God, Jesus Christ, is the king’s son. Who is the bride of the king’s son ? The bride is the Catholic Church. What are we to understand by the marriage? The marriage is the spiritual union between Christ and His Church. Who are invited to the wedding feast ? The following are invited to the wedding feast: (1), All who are called to the true faith; and (2), All man¬ kind, because all receive sufficient grace to save their souls; (3), The Jewish people. Who invited the Jews to the marriage feast? The prophets, who tried to prepare them by pen¬ ance for the coming of the Messias, invited the Jews. Did the Jews accept the invitation? No, they did not accept the invitation. Who invited them a second time ? Our Lord Himself and His Apostles invited them a second time. Did they accept the second invitation? No, they did not accept the second invitation. What happened then? Almighty God sent the Romans to punish,the Jews for their infidelity. How did the Romans punish the Jews ? They killed many of them in the siege of Jerusa¬ lem, took their city, and destroyed their temple. Who were called after the Jews had refused the invitation ? After the Jews had refused the invitation the Gentiles were called. 402 The New Testament . What are we to understand by the marriage feast? By the marriage feast we are to understand eternal happiness. Who will partake of this marriage feast? Only those who have the wedding garment on will partake of this marriage feast. What is the wedding garment? The wedding garment is sanctifying grace. What is sanctifying grace? Sanctifying grace is that quality of the soul which makes it holy and pleasing in the sight of God. How many ways can we lose the wedding garment of sanctifying grace? We can lose the wedding garment only one way, by committing a mortal sin. What is the greatest evil that can befall us? The greatest evil that can befall us is mortal sin. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it the absolute necessity of sanctifying grace in order to he saved. LXY. THE COIN OF TRIBUTE. What does this lesson relate? It relates that the Scribes and Pharisees asked Jesus whether it was lawful for the Jews to pay tribute to Caesar. What did Jesus answer? Jesus answered: “ Render unto Caesar the things that are Caesar’s, and to God the things that are God’s.” Were the Scribes and Pharisees sincere in their question ? No, they wanted to ensnare Our Lord. The Coin of Tribute. 403 How did they expect to ensnare Him ? They thought He would answer, it is lawful, or it is unlawful. If He said it was lawful they would tell the Jewish people that He was not a patriotic Jew; if He said it was unlawful they would make a com¬ plaint against Him to the Roman authorities. Why did Jesus give this answer? Jesus gave this answer to show the Scribes and Pharisees that they could not entrap Him, and at the same time to teach the necessity of obeying temporal authority. Why must we obey temporal authority ? We must obey temporal authority because it comes from God. What do we owe almighty God? We owe Him worship. How many ways may we worship God? We may worship God two ways, interiorly and exteriorly. How do we worship God interiorly? We worship God interiorly by faith, hope, and charity and by every kind of mental prayer. How do we worship God exteriorly? We worship God exteriorly by sacrifice, vocal prayer, genuflections, etc. What is the highest form of worship? The highest form of worship is sacrifice. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it' the necessity of obeying the laws of our country and of God. 404 The New Testament. LXVI. THE WIDOW’S MITE.—JESUS FORE- TELLS THE DESTRUCTION OF JERUSALEM AND THE END OF THE WORLD. What does this lesson relate? It relates the story of the widow’s mite, and that Jesus foretold the destruction of Jerusalem and the end of the world. How much did the widow offer? She offered two. small coins worth about a penny. What did Jesus think of her offering? He considered it more meritorious than the offering of the rich. Why was it more meritorious ? It was more meritorious because the sacrifice was greater. It was harder for the poor widow to give a little than it was for the rich to give a great deal. What does God consider most of all when we per¬ form a good work? He considers most of all our intention. What do we mean by a good intention ? A good intention is a desire to honor and glorify God in all our actions. Do we have to think about this intention before every action in order that it may be good? No, it is not necessary as long as we are in the state of grace and have not a bad intention. But is it advisable to make a good intention often? Yes, it is advisable to make it at our morning prayers. If our intention is partly good and partly bad, is the work of no merit? If our intention is partly good and partly bad the merit is not entirely destroyed. Jesus Foretells the Destruction of Jerusalem. 405 How did Jesus predict the destruction of Jerusalem? He predicted the destruction of Jerusalem in the following words: “ When you shall see Jerusalem com¬ passed about with an army,, then know that the desola¬ tion thereof is at hand.” When was this prediction fulfilled ? This prediction was fulfilled in the year 70 a.d., when the city of Jerusalem was destroyed hy the Romans under Titus. Who described the siege and destruction of Jeru¬ salem ? A Jewish priest named Josephus Flavius described the siege and destruction of Jerusalem. What does the fulfilment of the prophecy concern¬ ing the destruction of Jerusalem show? It shows that the second prediction concerning the end of the world will also he fulfilled. Do we know when the end of the world will come ? Ho, we do not know, hut certain signs will pre¬ cede it. What is the meaning of the words of Jesus, “Amen I say to you, that this generation shall not pass away until all things be done ” ? The word “ generation” refers to the Jewish people, who will last till the end of the world. What follows after the end of the world? After the end of the world comes the General Judg¬ ment. Is there another judgment? Yes, there is a Particular Judgment, which takes place immediately after death. 406 The New Testament. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to avoid mortal sin, so that we may rejoice to meet God when He comes to judge us. LXVII. THE PARABLES OF THE TEN VIRGINS AND THE TALENTS. What does this lesson relate? It relates the parables of the wise and foolish virgins and the talents. What warning does this parable contain? It contains the warning to be always prepared to meet our Judge. Who are the ten virgins in the parable ? The ten virgins are all mankind. Who is the bridegroom? The bridegroom is Christ. What is the marriage feast? The marriage feast is eternal happiness in heaven. When will the bridegroom arrive? The bridegroom will arrive when He comes to judge us. Who are the wise virgins? The wise virgins are all those who have not only the lamp of faith, but who also keep it supplied with the oil of good works. ■Will faith alone save us? No, faith without good works is dead. What is prudence? Prudence is that virtue which inclines us to under¬ stand the importance of saving our soul and to use the proper means to attain that end. Parables of the Ten Virgins and the Talents. 407 To what class of virtues does prudence belong? Prudence is one of the cardinal virtues. Mention the four cardinal virtues. The cardinal virtues are prudence, justice, forti¬ tude, and temperance. What lesson does this parable teach ? It teaches us the necessity of being always ready to receive Christ when He comes to judge us. Does Jesus warn us to be ready? Yes, Jesus warns us to be ready when He says: “ Watch ye, therefore, because ye know not the day or the hour.” When are we ready to receive Christ to judge us? We are ready to receive Christ only when we are in the state of grace. Why should we be always ready to appear before the judgment seat of God? We should he always ready: (1), Because we know not when we will be called to appear; (2), Because the sentence passed then will never be changed. What does Jesus teach in the parable of the ten talents ? In the parable of the ten talents He teaches us the necessity of making good use of the grace He gives us. Who is the man in the parable who delivered his goods to his servants? The man who delivered his goods to his servants is Our Lord Jesus Christ. Which are the goods of the natural order? The goods of the natural order are principally life, health, and a moderate amount of wealth. 408 The New Testament . Which are the goods of the supernatural order? The goods o± the supernatural order are actual grace and sanctifying grace. Does God expect us to use His grace? Yes, God does expect us to use His grace. How does the parable show us that God expects us to use His grace? It shows us that God expects us to use His grace because the master praised the servants who had earned twice as many talents as he had given them, but blamed the one who had earned nothing. Did the servant whom the master blamed lose his talents? No, he hid them, and that was just the reason why the master blamed him. What does this show us? It shows us that the more graces we receive the more good works God will expect from us. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to make good use of God's grace and to live so that we may be ready at any moment to appear before our Judge. LXVIII. THE LAST JUDGMENT. What does this lesson relate ? It relates: (1), The preparation for the last judg¬ ment; (2), The manner in which the judgment will be held; (3), The sentence. In what does the preparation consist ? The preparation consists in the coming of Christ. How is this expressed? It is expressed in the following words: “ When the 409 The Last Judgment. Son of man shall come in His majesty and all the angels with Him, then shall He sit npon the seat of His majesty/’ Will the last judgment be a general judgment? Yes, it will he for all men. How is this expressed ? It is expressed in the following words: “All nations shall be gathered together before Him.” How does the Judge proceed to judgment? The Judge proceeds to judgment in the following manner: (1) ? He separates the good from the had; (2), He passes judgment on both the good and the had. What will the Judge say to the good? To the good He will say: “ Come, ye blessed of My Father, possess the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world.” What reasons will the Judge give for this favorable sentence ? He will give the following reasons: “For I was hungry, and you gave Me to eat; I was thirsty, and you gave Me to drink; I was a stranger, and you took Me in; naked, and you clothed Me; sick, and you visited Me; I was in prison, and you came to Me.” What will the just say to this ? They will say: “ Lord, when have we done these things to Thee?” What will the Judge say in reply ? He will reply: “ Amen I say to you, as long as you did it to one of these, the least of My brethren, you did it to Me.” What does this show? It shows that we will he judged according to our works, especially our works of mercy. 410 The New Testament . What will the Judge say to the wicked? To the wicked He will say: “ Depart from Me,, ye cursed, into everlasting fire, which was prepared for the devil and his angels.” What reasons will the Judge give for this sentence? He will give the following reasons: “ I was hungry, and you gave Me not to eat; I was thirsty, and you gave Me not to drink; I was a stranger, and you took Me not in; naked, and you clothed Me not; sick, and in prison, and you visited Me not.” Why does the Judge condemn the wicked? He condemns them because they have been un¬ charitable to their fellow-men, and consequently to Christ. What is the conclusion of the judgment? The wicked are cast into the eternal torments of hell, while the just enter into the eternal joys of heaven. What is the fate of the damned in hell ? The damned will suffer terrible torments in hell, they will never see God, they will be in the company of evil spirits and their sufferings will never end. What will be the lot of the just in heaven? The joy of the just will be indescribable; they will see God face to face, they will not suffer the slightest pain, but will enjoy the company of the angels, the saints, and the Blessed Virgin Mary, and their happi¬ ness will be without end. What should we meditate on frequently? We should meditate frequently on the four last things to be remembered, heaven, hell, death, and judg¬ ment. The Eating of the Paschal Lamb. 411 LXIX. THE EATING OF THE PASCHAL LAMB AND THE WASHING OF THE FEET. What does this lesson relate? It relates that Jesus celebrated the feast of the paschal lamb and washed the feet of His Apostles. Which virtues of Christ are manifested in this lesson? His obedience to the Jewish Law and His poverty are manifested in this lesson. How did He show His obedience to the Jewish Law? He showed His obedience to the Jewish Law by keeping the feast of the paschal lamb. How do we know that He was poor ? We know that He was poor because He did not have His own house in which He could celebrate the feast, but had to ask for the use of one. What circumstances made the eating of the paschal lamb on this occasion remarkable? The following circumstances made it remarkable: (1), Because it was the last ceremonial act of the Old Law; (2), It was the last meal which Jesus took with His Apostles before His death; (3), Because it is a figure of the heavenly banquet. What did Jesus do after He had eaten of the paschal lamb ? After He had eaten of the paschal lamb He began to wash the feet of His Apostles. Why did Jesus wash the feet of His Apostles? Jesus washed the feet of His Apostles to give them an example of humility and brotherly love. What does the washing of the feet signify? The washing of the feet signifies the neces- 412 The New Testament . sity of cleansing our soul before we receive holy communion. How do we cleanse our soul from mortal sin? We cleanse our soul from mortal sin by making a good confession. To what class of sacraments does Penance belong? Penance belongs to the sacraments of the dead. Did any of the Apostles refuse to allow Jesus to wash his feet? Yes, St. Peter refused at first. Did he persist in his refusal? No, when Jesus told him that it was necessary he submitted. What virtue did St. Peter practise on this occasion? He practised the virtue of humility. What did Jesus say to St. Peter when he refused to have his feet washed by Him? He said: “ If I wash thee not, thou shalt have no part with Me.” What did St. Peter reply to this ? St. Peter replied: “ Lord, not only my feet, but also my hands and my head.” What does this reply show? It shows St. Peter’s great love for Jesus and how anxious he was to retain it. Who is the successor of St. Peter? The Pope, the Bishop of Rome, is the successor of St. Peter. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to he humble and care¬ ful not to lose Our Lord’s love by committing a mortal Jesus Institutes the Blessed Baer ament. 413 LXX. JESUS INSTITUTES THE BLESSED SACRAMENT AND FORETELLS THE TREA¬ SON OF JUDAS. What does this lesson relate ? It relates the institution of the Blessed Sacrament and the treason of Judas. When did Christ institute the Blessed Sacrament? On Thursday evening, at the Last Supper, the night before He died, He instituted the Blessed Sacrament. Who were present? His twelve Apostles were present. Was the institution of the Blessed Sacrament a sur¬ prise to the Apostles? No, it was not a surprise to the Apostles, because Jesus had foretold after the miracle of the loaves and fishes that He would give them one day His own flesh and blood. How did Our Lord express this ? He said: “ The bread which I will give is My flesh for the life of the world.” Did the people understand what Christ promised? Yes, they understood that He intended to give them His body and blood, but because they could not under¬ stand how He could do this, they would not believe. Was Christ obliged to explain to them how He would give them His flesh and blood? No, they had just seen Him perform a miracle which God alone, or one sent by God, could work, hence they should have believed Him. What did Christ do when He saw that the people really understood Him but would not believe Him? When Christ saw that the people understood Him 414 The New Testament . but would not believe Him He repeated more emphati¬ cally what He had said. Was there any figure of the Blessed Sacrament in the Old Testament? Yes, the manna which fell from heaven to feed the Israelites in their journey through the desert is a figure of the Blessed Sacrament. When did Jesus fulfil His promise to give His flesh and blood? He fulfilled His promise at the Last Supper, the night before He died. How did He fulfil His promise? He took bread in His holy and venerable hands, and raising His eyes to heaven. He blessed it, broke it, and gave it to His Apostles, saying: “ Take ye, and eat. This is My body/’ In like manner, taking the chalice, He gave thanks and blessed it, saying: “ Drink ye all of this: For this is My blood of the Hew Testament, which shall be shed for many for the remission of sins; do this for a commemoration of Me.” How are the words of Christ, “ This is My body, this is My blood,” to be understood, literally or figura¬ tively ? They are to be understood literally. How do we know that He wished His words to be understood literally and not figuratively? We know that Christ wished His words to be under¬ stood literally and not figuratively because if Christ wished to say that holy communion was the “ figure ” of His body and blood He would not have said that it was His flesh and blood. Jesus Institutes the Blessed Sacrament, 415 What happened when Christ said, “ This is My body,” etc.? As soon as He said these words the substance of bread was changed into the substance of His body and the substance of wine was changed into the substance of His blood. What remained of the bread and wine ? The appearances alone remained. What do we mean by appearances? By appearances we mean the figure, the color, taste, and whatever we can perceive by our senses. How were the bread and wine changed into the body and blood of Christ? The bread and wine were changed into the body and blood of Christ by His almighty power. What is this change of bread and wine into the body and blood of Christ called ? This change is called Transubstantiation. What does Transubstantiation mean? Transubstantiation means the changing of one sub¬ stance into another substance. How many things are to be considered in Transub¬ stantiation ? Three things are to he considered in Transubstan¬ tiation: (1), The substance which is changed, namely, the bread and wine; (2), The substance into which it is changed, namely, the body and blood of Christ; (3), The whole result of the act of Transubstantiation, namely, the body and blood of Christ under the appear¬ ances of bread and wine. Is the Holy Eucharist only a sacrament? Ho, it is also a sacrifice. 416 The New Testament . How do we know it is also a sacrifice? We know that it is a sacrifice because the three things necessary to constitute a sacrifice are present. Name them. (1), The priest; (2), The victim; (3), The act by which the victim is sacrificed. Who was the priest at the Last Supper? The priest was Jesus Christ. Who was the victim? The victim was also Jesus Christ. When did He offer up the victim? He offered up the victim when He placed Himself under the appearances of bread and wine for the spiritual nourishment of our soul. What does the separate consecration of the bread and wine represent ? The separate consecration of the bread and wine represents the separation of Christ’s soul from His body by the sacrifice of the cross. What happened after Our Lord changed the bread and wine into His body and blood? After having changed the bread and wine into His body and blood Our Lord distributed holy communion to His Apostles. Did Jesus wish to have the sacrament and sacrifice of the Holy Eucharist continued after His death? Yes, for He said to His Apostles: “Do this for a commemoration of Me.” What does the word “ this ” refer to ? The word “this” refers to what Jesus had just done; namely, to the changing of bread and wine into His body and blood. Jesus Institutes the Blessed Sacrament. 417 What did Jesus command His Apostles to do? He commanded them to offer sacrifice and to administer holy communion. What did Our Lord make the Apostles at the Last Supper ? He made them priests. Would it he wrong to call a Protestant minister a priest ? Yes, for Protestants have no sacrifice. Only one who offers sacrifice can he called a priest. Did the Apostles give their priestly power to others ? Yes; before they died they conferred on their suc¬ cessors the same power that they had received from Christ. Who are their successors in their priestly office? The bishops and priests of the Catholic Church are the successors of the Apostles in their priestly office. When do the bishops and priests exercise their power to sacrifice? Bishops and priests exercise their power to sacrifice as often as they offer up the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass. What is the Mass? The Mass is the unbloody sacrifice of the cross. Is the Mass the same sacrifice as the sacrifice of the cross ? Yes, the Mass is the same sacrifice as the sacrifice of the cross because the offering or victim and the priest are the same in both sacrifices: Christ, our blessed Lord; and the ends for which the sacrifice of the cross was offered are the same as the ends for which Mass is offered. 418 The New Testament. But is there no difference between the sacrifice of the cross and the Mass? Yes, the manner is different; Christ really shed His blood on the cross, in the Mass Christ d3es not really shed His blood, but the separate consecration of the bread and wine represents Christ’s death on the cross; on the cross Christ “ acquired ” an infinite amount of merits, in the Mass these merits are “ applied ” to our soul. At what part of the Mass is the act of sacrifice per¬ formed? The act of sacrifice is performed at the Consecra¬ tion. Which are the principal parts of the Mass? The principal parts of the Mass are the Offertory, the Consecration, and the Communion. What takes place at the Offertory ? At the Offertory bread and wine are offered to God, that is to say, are blessed. What takes place at the Consecration? At the Consecration the real sacrifice is made, viz., the body and blood of Our Lord under the appearances of bread and wine are offered up. What takes place at the Communion? At the Communion the priest consumes the Blessed Sacrament and administers it to all who wish to receive it. Is the body of Christ affected when the priest breaks the sacred Host? Ho, the body of Christ is not affected when the priest breaks the sacred Host. Jesus Institutes the Blessed Sacrament . 419 Of what does the communion of the priest re¬ mind us ? It reminds us of the love-feast that took place after the sacrifice in the Old Law. What did this signify? It signified that all who had become reconciled to God by the sacrifice had been admitted again to His friendship. What were the ends for which the sacrifice of the cross was offered? The ends for which the sacrifice of the cross was offered were: (1), To honor and glorify God; (2), To thank Him for all the graces He bestowed on the whole world; (3), To satisfy God’s justice for the sins of men; (4), To obtain all graces and blessings. Why did Jesus institute the unbloody sacrifice of the Mass? Jesus instituted the sacrifice of the Mass: (1), To keep before our mind continually the sacrifice of the cross; (2), To apply its fruits to our soul. What are the fruits of the Mass ? The fruits of the Mass are three-fold: (1), The gen¬ eral fruit in which all the faithful share; (2), The special fruit which the priest applies to the person for whom the Mass is said; (3), The most special fruit which the priest himself receives. Do those who attend Mass share in its fruits ? Yes, they share in the general fruit, and the more devoutly they assist at the Mass the more abundant is the fruit. What else did Jesus do at the Last Supper? He foretold His betrayal by Judas. 420 The New Testament . How did He foretell it? He foretold it in the following words: “ Amen, amen, I say to yon that one of you will betray Me.” What did His words contain? They contained a prediction of the betrayal and a warning to the traitor. What attribute did Jesus show on this occasion? He showed His infinite love and mercy for sinners, for He was willing to pardon Judas even at the very last moment. Lid Judas heed the warning of Jesus? Ho, he resisted the grace of God and died in his sins. What sin did Judas commit? He committed a sin against the Holy Ghost. What should we learn from this lesson ? We should learn from it to always trust in the mercy of God, for God Himself cannot help the sinner who despairs. LXXI. JESUS FORETELLS THE DENIAL OF ST. PETER AND BIDS FAREWELL TO HIS APOSTLES. What does this lesson relate ? It relates that Jesus foretold the denial of St. Peter and bade farewell to His Apostles. What does this lesson contain? It contains: (1), A proof that Jesus is God; (2), That the Pope as successor of St. Peter is infallible; (3), Some words of consolation for the Apostles and the Church; (4), The doctrine that God’s grace is necessary for every good work. Jesus Foretells the Denial of St. Peter . 421 How does it contain a proof of the divinity of Christ ? It contains a proof of the divinity of Christ because He foretold that Peter would deny Him, and only God knows the future. How did Jesus foretell that St. Peter would deny Him? He foretold it in the following words: “ Amen, amen, I say unto thee, the cock shall not crow till thou deny Me thrice.” Why did Jesus foretell that St. Peter would deny Him? He foretold it to admonish His Apostles to be humble, and to watch and pray. Which words of Christ contain a proof of the in¬ fallibility of the Pope? The following words contain a proof of the infalli¬ bility of the Pope as the successor of St. Peter: “ Simon, Simon, ... I have prayed for thee that thy faith fail not; and thou being once converted confirm thy brethren.” How does this text contain a proof of the infalli¬ bility of the Pope? Our Lord prayed that St. Peter should be infallible, and also commanded him to make his brethren in¬ fallible. But the Apostles were all personally infallible as long as they remained united with St. Peter; so it must have been some one else besides the Apostles whom he was to confirm: they are the successors of the Apostles and all the faithful. But St. Peter is unable to confirm the faith of any one after his death. There¬ fore his lawful successors the Popes must have the 422 The New Testament. same power to confirm the faith of all that St. Peter had. Who are infallible? (1), The Pope; (2), An Ecumenical Council; (3), All the bishops of the world in union with the Pope, are infallible. Why did Jesus console His Apostles? He consoled them because He was about to leave them. How did He console them? He consoled them: (1), By reminding them of their reward in heaven; (2), By promising to return soon; (3), By promising to send them the Holy Ghost. How did He refer them to their reward in heaven? He referred to their reward as follows: “ In My Father’s house there are many mansions. ... I go to prepare a place for you.” How did He promise to return soon? He promised to return when He said: “ I will come again, and will take you to Myself, that where I am you also may be.” How did He promise to send the Holy Ghost? He promised to send the Holy Ghost when He said: “And I will ask the Father, and He shall give you another Paraclete, that He may abide with you for¬ ever, the Spirit of truth.” Is grace necessary to be saved? Yes, without the grace of God we cannot perform the smallest work that will avail us anything for heaven. Does Christ teach that grace i3 necessary to save our soul? Yes, He teaches this in the parable of the vine. Jesus Foretells the Denial of St. Peter. 423 How is this doctrine expressed in the parable ? When the branch is separated from the vine it can¬ not bring forth any fruit, but will soon wither away; so if w r e are not united with Christ, the true vine, we cannot bring forth fruits of good works. How are we united to Christ ? We are united to Christ by sanctifying grace. How does Jesus conclude at the Last Supper? He concludes with what is called “ The prayer of the great High Priest.” Why is it called the prayer of the great High Priest ? It is called the prayer of the great high priest because Jesus is the great High Priest. For what does Jesus pray? Jesus prays: (1), That His name be glorified; ( 2 ). That His Apostles be preserved in grace; (3), For union among the faithful on earth and glory in heaven. How does He pray for His own glory ? He prays for His own glory as follows: “ And now glorify Thou Me, 0 Father, with Thyself, with thfe glory which I had before the world was with Thee.” How was Jesus glorified? He was glorified by His Resurrection and Ascen¬ sion. How did He pray for the confirmation of the Apos¬ tles in grace? He prayed for the confirmation of the Apostles as follows: “ I pray not that Thou shouldst take them out of the world, but that Thou shouldst keep them from all evil.” How did He pray for union among the faithful? He prayed for union among the faithful when He 424 The New Testament . said: “ That they all may be one, as Thou, Father, in Me and I in Thee, that they also may he one in us.” How does He pray for their glory in heaven? He prays for their glory in heaven when He says: “ Father, I will that where I am they also whom Thou hast given Me, may he with Me; that they may see My glory which Thou hast given Me.” What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to he humble, and always remember that God gives His grace to the humble, but resists the proud. LXXII. THE AGONY OF JESUS IN THE GARDEN. What does this lesson relate? It relates the agony of Jesus in the garden. Where did the agony of Christ take place ? The agony took place on Mount Olivet. Where is Mount Olivet? Mount Olivet is east of Jerusalem, just beyond the brook of Cedron. Whom did Our Lord take with Him to Mount Olivet ? He took St. Peter, St. James, and St. John. Why did He take just these three Apostles? He took these three Apostles that they who had seen Him glorified as God on Mount Thabor might now see Him suffer as man on Mount Olivet. Did Jesus express His suffering in words? Yes ? He said to the Apostles: “ My soul is sorrow¬ ful even unto death.” 425 The Agony of Jesus in the Garden . What do we learn from these words? We learn from these words that Jesns had not only a body, but also a sonl. How do these words prove that Jesns had a soul? They prove that He had a soul because as God He could not be sorrowful. Is He our great High Priest as God or as man ? He is our great High Priest according to His human nature, as man. Why was Jesus so sorrowful? He was sorrowful: (1), Because He saw that His suffering and death were close at hand; (2), Because of the great number and malice of the sins for which He was to atone; (3), Because He saw that His suffering and death would be in vain for a great many. Why were the suffering and death of Jesus of no benefit to many ? The suffering and death of Jesus were of no benefit to many because they did not make use of the graces acquired by Christ’s suffering and death. When do we make use of the grace acquired by Christ’s suffering and death? We make use of the grace of Christ: (1), When we believe all that God has revealed; (2), When we keep the Commandments; (3), When we receive the sacra¬ ments. What did Jesus do in His agony? In His agony Jesus (1), Offered up a prayer to His heavenly Father; (2), He expressed His resignation to the will of His heavenly Father; (3), He gave the Apostles wholesome advice. 426 The New Testament. What did He pray? He prayed: “ 0 My Father, if it be possible, let this chalice pass from Me.” How did Jesus pray? He prayed: (1), With attention, because He was alone—He went off from the Apostles; (2), With humility, for He prostrated Himself; (3), With perse¬ verance, for He prayed three times; (4), With resigna¬ tion, for He said: “ Not My will but Thine be done.” What advice did He give the Apostles ? He told them to watch and pray: “ Watch and pray,” He said, “ lest you fall into temptation.” What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it: (1), To pray in time of trouble; (2), To be always on our guard against tempta¬ tion; (3), To be humbly resigned to the will of God in all things. LXXIII. JESUS IS SEIZED IN THE GARDEN. What does this lesson relate? It relates how Jesus was seized by the Jews. What did Jesus show when He was taken prisoner? He showed: (1) ? That He is God; (2), His great love for men; (3), His love for His enemies; (4), His love for the Apostles. How did He show that He is God ? Jesus showed that He is God in the following manner: (1), He asked the Jews: “ Whom seek you?” When Jesus said: “I am He,” that is, the One you seek, they fell down and were unable to move; (2), He healed at once the ear of Malchus, that Peter had cut off. Jesus is Seized in the Garden . 427 How did He show His love for men ? He showed His love for men by delivering Himself willingly into the hands of His enemies to redeem them from sin. How did He show His love for His enemies ? He showed His love for His enemies: (1), By ap¬ pealing to Judas the traitor even at the last moment; (2), By healing the ear of Malchus. How did He appeal to Judas? He said to Judas: “ Friend, whereto art thou come? Judas, dost thou betray the Son of man with a kiss? ” Why did Jesus speak thus to Judas? Jesus spoke thus to Judas to remind him of the enormity of his sin, and thus move him to repent of it. Should we also love our enemies ? Yes, we should love our enemies, for Jesus says: “ Love your enemies; do good to them that hate you; pray for them that persecute and calumniate you.” Could Judas have obtained pardon even after he had betrayed Our Lord? Yes, Judas could have obtained pardon had he only repented. What was the consequence of Judas’s resistance of the grace of God? The consequence was that he despaired and died in his sins, just as all who resist the grace of God will. How did Jesus show His love for His Apostles? He showed His love for them by requesting His enemies to spare them. What did Christ say? He said: “ If, therefore, you seek Me let these,’’ meaning His Apostles, “go away.” 428 The New Testament. What should we learn from this lesson ? We should learn from it: (1), To thank Jesus for His great love for us; (2), To avoid that which made Him suffer so much—mortal sin; (3), To forgive our enemies. LXXIY. JESUS BEFOEE ANNAS AND CAIPHAS. What does this lesson relate? It relates what happened when Jesus appeared before Annas and Caipha-s. Whither was Jesus led after He was seized? After Jesus was seized He was led to Annas. Who was Annas ? Annas was the father-in-law of Caiphas, the high priest, and had formerly been high priest himself. Was Annas entitled to hear Our Lord? No, Annas had no authority to hear Our Lord, because he was not the high priest. How was it possible that Annas claimed the right to exercise this important office? He could do this because he had great influence over his son-in-law, Caiphas, who was a weak man. About what did Annas question Jesus? He questioned Him: (1), About His Apostles; (2), About His teaching. What did Jesus answer concerning His Apostles? He did not answer anything concerning His Apostles. Why did He say nothing about His Apostles ? He said nothing about His Apostles because He did not wish to expose them to any danger, as He knew 429 Jesus "before Annas and Calphas. they were weak and timid and might easily fall a prey to temptation. What did He say concerning His teaching? He told Annas that He had preached openly; if he wished to learn anything about His teaching he might ask those who had heard Him. What was the result of the hearing before Annas ? Annas became embarrassed. He had nothing to reply to the quiet answers of Christ, so he ordered Him to be brought to Caiphas. What was remarkable about the hearing before Caiphas ? It was remarkable because of the gross injustice of the judges and because of the public testimony of Christ for His divinity. How do we know that the judges were unjust? We know that the judges were unjust because they listened to the testimony of witnesses whom they knew had been bribed to testify falsely. What did the false witnesses testify ? They testified: “This man said, I am able to destroy the temple of God and in three days to rebuild it.” Did Jesus say this ? Ho, Jesus said: “ Destroy the temple,” pointing to His body, “ and in three days I will build it up.” What did Jesus reply to the false testimony? He said nothing. When did Christ speak? Christ spoke when Caiphas said to Him: “ I adjure Thee, by the living God, that Thou tell us if Thou be the Christ, the Son of the living God.” What did Jesus answer? He answered: “ Thou hast said it.” 430 The New Testament. Are we allowed to take an oath ? Yes, we are allowed to take an oath when what we swear to is true, and when there is sufficient reason for calling on God as witness to the truth of what we say. What did Caiphas do when he heard the answer of Jesus ? When Caiphas heard the answer of Jesus he rent his garments and said: “ He hath blasphemed; what further need have we of witnesses?” What charge was brought against Jesus after this? The charge of blasphemy was brought against Him. How was this crime punished? It was punishable with death. What did Caiphas say to the assembled Jews? He said: “ Behold, now you have heard the blas¬ phemy: what think you?” What did they answer? They answered: “ He is guilty of death.” What do we learn from this lesson? We learn from it to be meek and patient when calumniated and persecuted. LXXV. ST. PETER DENIES CHRIST.—JUDAS DESPAIRS. What does this lesson relate? It relates that St. Peter denied Our Lord, and that Judas hanged himself. Did Jesus foretell that St. Peter would deny Him? Yes, He said to St. Peter: “ Amen I say to thee, that in this night before the cock crows twice thou wilt deny Me thrice.” How did St. Peter deny Jesus? A maid servant of the high priest looked at him and St. Peter Denies Christ . 431 said: u This man also was with Jesns of Nazareth/'* and St. Peter replied: “ Woman, I know Him not” How many times did St. Peter deny Our Lord ? He denied Him three times, and the third time he confirmed his denial with an oath. Did he commit a mortal sin? Yes, he committed a mortal sin. How do we know that he committed a mortal sin ? We know that he committed a mortal sin because the three things necessary to make a sin mortal were present: grievous matter, sufficient reflection, and full consent of the will. How many sins did he commit ? He committed three sins: He told a lie, he took a false oath, and denied his faith. Did he lose his faith? No, he did not lose his faith. Would the fall of St. Peter be anything against his infallibility ? No, it was a personal sin, not a declaration of faith or morals for all the faithful. Why did St. Peter fall into so grievous a sin? He fell into this sin: (1), Because he did not avoid the occasion of sin; (2), Because he had too much con¬ fidence in himself; (3), Because he did not heed the warning of Christ, “ Watch and pray lest you fall into temptation.” Why did Christ permit St. Peter to commit this sin ? He permitted it: (1), In order that St. Peter, who was to rule the whole Church, might he kind and con¬ siderate to the sinner; (2), That all might see in him an example of true penance. 432 The New Testament. Did St. Peter repent of his sin? Yes, as soon as Jesus looked at him he realized the enormity of his sin, went out, and wept bitterly. Which are the qualities of contrition? The qualities of contrition are four: it should be interior, supernatural, universal, and sovereign. How many kinds of contrition are there ? There are two kinds of contrition, perfect and im¬ perfect. Is imperfect contrition sufficient for a good con¬ fession? Yes, but we should try to have perfect contrition. Was Judas sorry for his sin? Yes, Judas was sorry for his sin. How do we know he was sorry? We know that he was sorry because Scripture says: “ He repented himself;” moreover he said to the high priests: “ I have sinned in betraying innocent blood.” Why was his sin not forgiven if he was sorry? It was not forgiven because he did not ask God’s pardon; he despaired of God’s mercy. Can every sinner hope to obtain pardon from God? Yes, even the greatest sinner will receive pardon from God if he truly repents. How did Judas die? He hanged himself. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it: (1), To avoid the occasion of sin; (2) } To pray regularly and always be on our guard against temptation; (3), To repent at once by Jesus before Pilate and Herod. 433 making a good confession if we have had the mis¬ fortune of falling into sin. LXXYI. JESUS BEFORE PILATE AND HEROD. What does this lesson relate? It relates what happened when Jesus appeared before Pilate and Herod. What was the accusation against Jesus when He appeared before Pilate? There were three accusations: (1), That He incited the people to revolt; (2), That He forbade them to give tribute to Caesar; (3), That He called Himself king. How did He meet these accusations? He replied only to the last. Why did He not reply to the first two ? He did not reply to the first two because the accu¬ sations were too evidently false. How was the first charge evidently false ? The first charge was evidently false because the people had heard Him command them to obey their superiors, even the Scribes and Pharisees. For to them He refers when He says: “ Therefore, whatso¬ ever they shall say to you, observe and do.” How was the second charge evidently false? The second charge was evidently false because Jesus has said publicly: “ Give to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s,” and furthermore had performed a miracle to pay the Temple tax for Himself and St. Peter. 434 : The New Testament. Why was the third accusation false? The third accusation was false because Jesus fled when the people wished to make Him king. But did not Jesus admit before Pilate that He was a king? Yes, He said: “I am a king,” but He added: “My kingdom is not of this world.” What is His kingdom? His kingdom is His Church on earth. Why is the Church not of this world? The Church is not of this world: (1), Because Jesus Christ, its Founder, came down from heaven; (2), Be¬ cause it was established to lead men to heaven; (3), Because the means it employs are principally spiritual, not excluding temporal and material means when they are necessary to fulfil its Christ-given mission. Did Pilate know that Jesus was innocent? Yes, for he said publicly to His accusers: “I find no cause in this man.” Why did Pilate have Jesus led to Herod? He did this because Herod was Governor of Galilee, the country from which Jesus came. Why did Jesus not answer the questions of Herod? He did not answer the questions of Herod because He knew that Herod was not anxious to find out the truth, but wished only to satisfy his curiosity. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to bear in silence the false accusations of our enemies. Jesus is Condemned to Death . 435 LXXYII. JESUS IS SCOURGED, CROWNED WITH THORNS, AND CONDEMNED TO DEATH. How many events from the Passion of Our Lord are related in this lesson ? Four events are related: (1), That Barabbas was released in preference to Jesus; (2), That Jesus was scourged; (3), That He was crowned with thorns; (4), That He was condemned to death. Why did Pilate ask the Jews to choose between Barabbas and Christ? He did this because he wished to free Christ, and he did not think that the Jews would hesitate for one moment to prefer Our Lord to a most notorious criminal. Was Pilate deceived in his opinion of the Jews? Yes, for they preferred, without the least hesita¬ tion, Barabbas to Jesus. Why was this event most painful to Jesus ? It was most painful to Him because He saw Him¬ self placed below a hardened sinner, and because of the public ingratitude of the people He loved so tenderly and for whom He had done so much. What prophecy was fulfilled by this event? The prophecy of Isaias was fulfilled by this event: “ He was reputed among the wicked.” (Is. liii. 12.) Why was the scourging at the pillar most painful to Jesus? The scourging at the pillar was most painful to Jesus because: (1), It was a punishment inflicted on only the most hardened criminals; (2), Because it offended His most holy sense of modesty to be publicly 436 The New Testament. stripped; (3), Because of the great physical pain, for the Fathers tell us that His body was more delicately constituted than ours. For which sins especially did Jesus suffer the scourging at the pillar? He suffered the scourging at the pillar especially for the sins of impurity. Which prophecies were fulfilled by the scourging at the pillar? The following prophecies were fulfilled by the scourging at the pillar: (1), The prophecy of David: “ But I am a worm and no man; the reproach of men and the outcast of the people” (Ps. xxi. 7); (2), The prophecy of Isaias: “But He 'was wounded for our iniquities, He was bruised for our sins.” (Is. liii. 5.) What did the prophets foretell about Jesus? They foretold: (1), The time and place of His birth; (2), The circumstances of His life, suffering, and death; (3), His Resurrection and Ascension into heaven; (4), The institution of His Church and its duration till the end of time. Why did Jesus permit Himself to be crowned with thorns ? He permitted Himself to be crowned with thorns to satisfy especially for the sins of pride. What did Pilate do after Jesus had been scourged? After Jesus had been scourged Pilate had Him led before the people, thinking that when they would see His pitiable condition they would have compassion on Him. What did Pilate say when he showed Jesus to the people? He said; “ Behold the man ! ” Jesus is Condemned to Death. 437 What did the people answer ? The people answered: “ Crucify Him! crucify Him!” Did the high priests and Ancients threaten Pilate? Yes; they said: “ If thou release this man thou art not Caesar’s friend.” Did their threats affect Pilate ? Yes, he became frightened and condemned Jesus to death. Did Pilate try to free himself of the responsibility for the death of Jesus? Yes; he took water and washing his hands said to the people: “I am innocent of the blood of this just man; look you to it.” Was Pilate nevertheless responsible for the death of Jesus? Yes, for he knew that Jesus was innocent, and he should have set Him free. Did Jesus die freely? Yes; the prophet Isaias says: “ He was offered up because it was His own will.” (Is. liii. 7.) Why did Jesus die? He died on account of our sins. What instruments did God employ to bring about the death of Jesus? He employed two instruments: (1), The hatred of the Jews; (2), The cowardice of Pilate. What sin did Pilate commit by not setting Jesus free? He committed the sin of human respect. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to practise works of morti¬ fication and to cultivate a love for holy purity. 438 The New Testament . LXXYIII. JESUS CARRIES HIS CROSS AND IS CRUCIFIED. What does this lesson relate ? It relates what happened while Jesus carried His cross and was crucified. Why did Jesus carry the cross? Jesus carried the cross to give us an example, and to encourage us to carry our crosses as He did. Does Jesus command us to carry our crosses? Yes, for He says: “ If any one will come after Me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross and follow Me.” Mention a type of Jesus carrying His own cross. The patriarch Isaac, who carried up to Mount Moria the wood on which he was to be sacrificed, is a type of Jesus carrying His own cross. Did any one express his sympathy for Christ on His way to Mount Calvary? Yes, some pious women wept when they saw Him in so much pain. What virtue did they practise? They practised the virtue of fortitude. How do we know that they practised this virtue ? We know that they practised fortitude because the soldiers could not prevent them from showing their sympathy for Jesus. To which class of virtues does fortitude belong? It is one of the four cardinal virtues. What did Jesus say to the women? He said to them: “ Weep not for Me, but for your children.” Jesus Dies on the Cross . 439 To what does Christ refer in these words? He refers to the impending destruction of Jeru¬ salem. Did Jesus meet any one else on His journey to Mount Calvary? Yes, He met His afflicted Mother. Did the meeting cause Mary pain? Most certainly, for she saw her own flesh and blood, whom she knew was also her God, suffering the most cruel torments. What happened when Christ reached Mount Cal¬ vary? When Christ reached Mount Calvary He was cruci¬ fied. Why did He choose to be crucified ? He chose to be crucified because He wished to show His great love for us by suffering the most painful and disgraceful death. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to sympathize with our Mother of Sorrows and to have recourse to her in all our trouble. LXXIX. JESUS SPEAKS THE SEVEN LAST WORDS AND DIES ON THE CROSS. What does this lesson relate? It relates the last words of Jesus and His death on the cross. Who were present when Jesus was crucified? Besides Mary, St. John, and Mary Magdalen, His enemies, the high priests, the Scribes, and the ancients were present. 440 The New Testament . What did His enemies do? They mocked Him. What did they say? They said: “ If Thou be the Son of God come down from the cross ”; and again, “ He saved others, Himself He cannot save ”; again, “ If He be the king of Israel, let Him now come dow T n from the cross, and we will believe Him.” Against which Commandment did they sin? They sinned against the second Commandment. What does the second Commandment forbid? The second Commandment forbids all false, rash, unjust, and unnecessary oaths, blasphemy, cursing, and profane words. What does “ to blaspheme ” mean? “ To blaspheme ” means to speak contemptuously of God or His saints, or of objects connected with His service. What did Jesus do while they were blaspheming Him? While they blasphemed Him He prayed for them, saying, “ Father, forgive them, for they know not what they do.” What does this prayer show? It shows: (1), That Jesus is the Son of God, for He calls God Father; (2), That He intercedes for us with the Father; (3), That He loves His enemies. Name one who did not take part in the blasphemy. The thief who was crucified on His right hand did not take part in the blasphemy. What did the thief on the right do ? (1), He took Christ’s part and reproved the thief on the left for his blasphemy; (2), He acknowledged his Jesus Dies on the Cross . 441 own guilt; (3), He professed his belief in Christ’s inno¬ cence; (4), He asked Christ to remember him in heaven. How did he reprove the thief to the left ? He said to him: “ Neither dost thou fear God.” How did he acknowledge his own guilt ? He said: “ We indeed suffer justly, for we receive the due rewards of our deeds.” How did he profess his belief in Christ’s innocence? He said: “ But this man hath done no evil.” How did he ask Christ to remember him? He said: “ Lord, remember me when Thou shalt have come into Thy kingdom.” Was his prayer heard? Yes, Christ said to him: “Amen, I say to thee, this day thou shalt he with Me in paradise.” What do these words show? They show Christ’s great love for sinners, for even while He was suffering on account of their sins He was ready to forgive them. What does the conversion of the penitent thief teach us? It teaches us that it is possible for man to repent even at the last moment if he co-operates with the grace of God. . To whom did Christ address the third word on the cross ? Christ addressed the third word to Mary, His divine Mother, and St. John. What did He say to them ? To Mary He said: “Woman, behold thy son.” To St. John: “ Behold thy Mother.” 442 The New Testament. What did these words of Jesus show? They showed His tender love for His divine Mother and His confidence in St. John. Should we honor Mary more than the other saints ? Yes, because Mary being the Mother of God, is above all the saints and next to God Himself. What was the fourth word of Jesus? His fourth word on the cross was: “ My God, My God, why hast Thou forsaken Me? ” What do these words express ? They express the most intense mental suffering. In what did this suffering consist? It consisted in the feeling that the Father had withdrawn all consolation and comfort from Him, and left Him to the cruel treatment of His enemies. Why did Christ suffer in this way? He suffered in this way: (1), To satisfy for the sins of man, who left God when he broke His law; (2), In order to comfort us by His example in our moments of spiritual desolation. What was the fifth word of Jesus? His fifth word on the cross was: “ I thirst.” What did He wish to express by these words ? By these words He wished to express: (1), The desire to quench the burning thirst that tortured His body; (2), His thirst for the salvation of our souls. What was the sixth word of Jesus on the cross? His sixth word was: “It is consummated.” What did Christ express by these words? By these words He declared solemnly that the work of our Redemption had been accomplished. Jesus Dies on the Cross. 443 What was the seventh word of Jesus on the cross? His seventh word was: “Father, into Thy hands I commend My spirit.” What did He express by these words ? By these words He expressed: (1) ? His willingness to die; (2), He wished to teach us that we should die with a prayer of confidence and resignation on our lips. Was the death of Jesus accompanied by any mir¬ acles ? Yes, “ The veil of the Temple was rent in two, from the top even unto the bottom.” What did the rending of the veil of the Temple signify ? It signified: (1), That Jesus by His death had opened for mankind the gates of heaven; (2), That the Old Law had passed away and all its types and figures had been fulfilled in the New Law which began with the death of Christ. Were there any other miracles? Yes, “ The earth quaked and the rocks were rent. And the graves were opened, and many bodies of the saints that had slept, arose.” Why did almighty God cause these things, so con¬ trary to the laws of nature, to happen? God caused these things to happen to proclaim the divinity of His Son and His Redemption of the world. In what light were these miracles viewed ? We read in the gospel of St. Matthew that: “Now, the centurion and they that were with him watching Jesus, having seen the earthquake and the things that were done, were sore afraid, saying: Indeed this was the Son of God.” 444 The New Testament . What did Jesus merit for us by His suffering and death on the cross ? By His suffering and death on the cross Jesus merited an infinite amount of graces. If we make use of them, we can avoid sin and save our soul. When do we commemorate Christ’s death on the cross ? We commemorate Christ’s death on Good Friday. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to meditate on Our Lord’s bitter Passion, especially when about to make the act of contrition before confession. LXXX. JESUS IS LAID IN THE SEPULCHRE. What does this lesson relate ? It relates that the body of Jesus was laid in the sepulchre, and that the Jews got permission from Pilate to place a guard over it. What happened to the two thieves while they hung on the cross? Their bones were broken by the soldiers. Did they do the same to the body of Jesus? No, a soldier pierced His side, whence flowed water and blood. Was any passage of Scripture fulfilled by this? Yes, St. John tells us that thus the passage of Scripture, “ You shall not break a bone of Him,” was fulfilled. To what did this passage of the Old Testament refer ? It referred to the eating of the paschal lamb. Jesus is Laid in the Sepulchre, 445 What does the flowing of water and blood from the side of Christ’s body prove ? It proves that He was really dead. The soldiers would have broken the bones of His legs, as they did to the thieves, if Jesus had not been dead. Of what are the blood and water a type? They are a type of the Sacraments of Baptism and Holy Eucharist. What did the piercing of the heart of Jesus reveal? It revealed His great love for us. Which month is dedicated to the Sacred Heart ? The month of June is dedicated to the Sacred Heart. Has this devotion been approved by the Church ? Yes, it has been repeatedly approved by the Church. What happened to the body of Jesus after His death ? After His death the body of Jesus was taken down from the cross, embalmed, and placed in a sepulchre. How did this happen ? Joseph of Arimathea went to Pilate and obtained from him permission to bury the body of Our Lord in his own sepulchre. Did any one else assist him in this pious office ? Yes, Nicodemus, Mary, and the holy women assisted him. What was done after the body of Jesus was laid in the sepulchre? The sepulchre was closed, a large stone was rolled before it, and a guard of soldiers was placed to watch it. 446 The New Testament. Why did Pilate place a guard over the sepulchre? He did this at the request of the Jews. What did the Jews say to Pilate? They said to him: “ Sir, we have remembered that that seducer said, while He was yet alive, After three days I will rise again. Command, therefore, the sepulchre to be guarded until the third day, lest per¬ haps Ilis disciples come and steal Him away and say to the people He is risen from the dead.” Why did the Pharisees wish to keep Christ’s body in the sepulchre and, as they thought, thereby prevent His Resurrection from the dead? They wished thereby to destroy all faith in Jesus as the Messias. Would they have succeeded in their design had not Jesus risen from the dead? Yes, for that would have proven that He was an impostor; He would have failed to keep His word, to rise from the dead on the third day. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to practise the corporal works of mercy. LXXXI. THE RESURRECTION OF CHRIST. What does this lesson relate? It relates that Jesus arose, as He had promised, glorious and triumphant from the dead on the third day. How do we know that Christ arose from the dead ? We know that Christ arose from the dead: (1), From the testimony of the angels at the sepulchre; (2), From the testimony of the holy women and the 447 The Resurrection of Christ . Apostles; (3), From the silence of the Pharisees, who certainly would have contradicted the Apostles, if they could, when they preached that Jesus had risen from the dead. Was it necessary for Jesus to arise from the dead? Yes, (1), In order that all the types and prophecies concerning His Kesurrection might be fulfilled; (2), To prove that He is the Son of God; (3), To crown the work of the Redemption. What type of the Old Testament was fulfilled by the Resurrection? The type of the prophet Jonas, who was three days in the whale’s belly, was fulfilled by the Resurrection. Mention some of the prophecies that were fulfilled by the Resurrection. The following prophecies were fulfilled by the Resurrection: (1), The prophecy of David, “ Nor wilt Thou give Thy Holy One to see corruption; ” (2), The prophecy of Our Lord Himself, “ I am able to destroy the temple of God and in three days rebuild it.” How does the Resurrection prove that Christ is the Son of God? Christ by His own power arose from the dead. Only God or one sent by God could do this. Now if Christ was sent by God He must needs tell the truth, hence when He said that He is the Son of God we must believe Him. Therefore in either case the Resurrec¬ tion proves that Christ is the Son of God. How does the Resurrection crown and perfect the work of the Redemption ? By His death Christ merited the resurrection of all; by His own Resurrection He became the model of the resurrection of all the just. 448 The New Testament. Why is Christ’s Resurrection the model of the resur¬ rection of the just? The just are members of the mystical body of Christ. Now if the head has arisen from the dead, the same privilege is due the members. How did the Resurrection take place? The soul of Christ was united to His glorified body. Where was the soul of Christ during the time that elapsed from His death to His Resurrection? His soul was in Limbo. Why did His soul descend into Limbo? His soul descended into Limbo, to announce to the departed just the glad tidings of their Redemption. Which are the qualities of a glorified body? The qualities of a glorified body are four: (1), Im¬ passibility, it cannot suffer; (2), Brightness, it will shine like the sun; (3), Agility, it will not be pressed down by the burdens of this life, but will be able to move from place to place with the greatest speed; (4), Subtil¬ ity, it will be under the absolute control of the soul. Is it right that the body also should rise again? Yes, it is right that the body, too, which either served God or the devil in this life, should receive its reward or punishment in the life to come. On what day do we commemorate the Resurrection of Christ? We commemorate the Resurrection of Christ on Easter Sunday. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to lead a new life free from sin, so that one day we may partake of the glories of Christ our Model, by having our soul united to our glorified body for all eternity. Jesus Appears to Alary Alagdalen and St. Peter. 449 LXXXII. JESUS APPEARS TO MARY MAGDALEN AND ST. PETER. What does this lesson relate? It relates that Our Lord, after His Resurrection, appeared first to Mary Magdalen and then to St. Peter. Of what is His appearance a proof ? It is a new proof of His Resurrection. Why did Mary Magdalen return to the sepulchre? She returned to the sepulchre because she loved Our Lord. Why did she weep? She wept because she did not know what had become of Our Lord’s body. Whom did Mary see at the sepulchre? She saw two angels. What did they say to her? They asked her why she wept. What did she answer? She answered: “ Because they have taken away my Lord, and I know not where they have laid Him.” What happened while she was speaking to the angels ? While she was speaking to the angels Our Lord appeared to her. Did she recognize Him at once ? No, she thought He was the gardener. How was it possible for her to make this mistake ? It was either because Christ had assumed the figure and dress of the gardener, or because she was so en¬ grossed in her loss that she did not look closely. 450 The New Testament . How did Jesus address her? He uttered the one word: “ Mary.” What did this word express ? It expressed Christ’s satisfaction with, and His desire to console Mary Magdalen. How did it express His satisfaction with Mary Magdalen? Our Lord meant to say by this word: “Mary, I recognize your love for Me by your tears. See how I reward you.” How did it express His desire to console her? Our Lord meant to say: “ Mary, weep not; be of good cheer, for you see that I live.” What did Mary do ? She cast herself at the feet of Jesus and uttered the one word, “ Master.” Did Jesus give any commission to her? Yes, He said to her: “ Go to My brethren and say to them: I ascend to My Father and your Father, to My God and your God.” Who were the brethren referred to ? They were the Apostles. Why did He send Mary to the Apostles? He sent her: (1), To comfort them in their grief; (2), To show His particular love for the men who were to he the foundation of His Church. Did He appear to any of the Apostles on the day of His Resurrection? Yes, He appeared to St. Peter. Why did He appear to St. Peter before the other Apostles ? He appeared to St. Peter first: (1), To show him Jesus Appears to Two of Ills Disciples, 451 that He had forgiven his sin; (2), To confirm the faith of him who was to confirm the other Apostles; (3), To strengthen the authority of him who was to be the visible head of His Church. Was Mary Magdalen the first one to whom Christ appeared ? She is the first of whom it is recorded, hut we have every reason to believe that He appeared first to His divine Mother, the Blessed Virgin. What attributes does Jesus manifest in this lesson? He manifests in it His sympathy for the afflicted, and His love for the penitent sinner. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it not to worry about re¬ pented sins. LXXXIII. JESUS APPEALS TO TWO OF HIS DISCIPLES OX THE WAY TO EMMAUS. What does this lesson relate? It relates that Jesus appeared to two of His dis¬ ciples on the way to Emmaus, that He instructed them in their faith, sat down with them to table and gave them holy communion. Where was Emmaus? Emmaus was about ten miles west of Jerusalem. What were the feelings of the disciples when Jesus met them ? They were very sad. Why were they sad? They were sad because: (1), Their divine Master had died on the cross; (2), Because apparently His enemies had prevailed over Him, and His mission had been in vain. 452 The New Testament. How did Jesus comfort them? Jesus comforted them in the following manner: (1), He told them that Christ’s Passion and death was not a misfortune but a blessing; (2), That He had really risen from the dead. Had the faith of the disciples all the qualities necessary? Ho, their faith was not universal. When is our faith universal? Our faith is universal when we believe all that God has revealed. How do we know that their faith was not uni¬ versal ? We know that their faith was not universal because they were willing to believe all the prophecies concern¬ ing the glory of the Messias, but failed to believe what had been foretold of His suffering and death. Did Jesus censure them? Yes; He said to them: “ 0 foolish, and slow of heart to believe in all things which the prophets have spoken. Ought not Christ to have suffered these things and so enter into His glory? ” What did Jesus do when the disciples reached the end of their journey? Our Lord was about to leave them and continue His journey, but they insisted that He should remain with them, as the day was far spent. Would Christ have continued His journey had the disciples not asked Him to remain with them? Yes, in all probability He would have gone on. Jesus Institutes the Sacrament of Penance. 453 What does this show us? It shows us that we must pray and persevere in prayer if we wish to obtain favors from Our Lord. What happened then? Christ sat down to table with them, took bread and blessed it, and gave it to them. What do many of the Fathers teach concerning the “ blessing and breaking of bread ” on this occasion ? Many of the Fathers teach that it was the Holy Eucharist. Did the disciples then recognize Christ? Yes, they recognized Christ. What did they do at once? They returned at once to Jerusalem and reported to the Apostles that they had seen the Lord, and “knew Him in the breaking of the bread.” What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to listen with attention to the word of God when we hear it in Catechism or sermons. LXXXIY. JESUS APPEARS TO THE AS¬ SEMBLED APOSTLES AXD INSTITUTES THE SACRAMENT OF PENANCE. What does this lesson relate? It relates: (1), That Christ convinced all His Apostles that He had really risen from the dead; and (2), That He instituted the Sacrament of Penance. How did He convince the Apostles that He had really risen? He spoke to them, ate with them, showed them 454 The New Testament. His hands and feet and the marks of the nails and the wound in His side. Why did Christ wish to give the Apostles a striking proof of His Resurrection? Christ wished to give the Apostles a striking proof of His Resurrection because the Apostles were to preach this truth to Jew and Gentile. Did the Apostles testify to this truth? Yes, St. Peter on the first Pentecost preached to the Jews about Jesus “ whom God had raised to life.’’ What did Jesus do after He had convinced the Apostles that He had really risen from the dead? After Jesus had convinced the Apostles that He had risen from the dead He gave them the power to forgive sins. Could the Apostles exercise this power just as they pleased ? No, they were to forgive the sins of the worthy, and retain the sins of the unworthy. Who was to judge of the worthiness of the sinners? The Apostles themselves were to judge. How could the Apostles judge of the worthiness of the penitent? Only in one way could the Apostles judge of the worthiness of the penitent, when the penitent would make known to them the condition of his soul. How was he to make known the condition of his soul? He was to make known the condition of his soul by confession. Jesus Institutes the Sacrament of Penance, 455 Who instituted confession? Jesus Christ Himself instituted confession. Of what sacrament is confession a part? Confession is a part of the Sacrament of Penance. What is the Sacrament of Penance? Penance is a sacrament which remits the sins com¬ mitted after Baptism. Which are the chief qualities of a good confession? The chief qualities of a good confession are three; it must be humble, sincere, and entire. What else belongs to the Sacrament of Penance? Examination of conscience, contrition, and firm purpose of amendment also belong to the Sacrament of Penance. Which is the most important part of the Sacrament of Penance? Contrition or sorrow for our sins is the most im¬ portant part of the Sacrament of Penance. Why is contrition the most important part ? Contrition is the most important part because God does not forgive any mortal sins in an adult without some contrition. How did Christ institute the Sacrament of Pen¬ ance? Our Lord breathed on the Apostles and said: “ Keceive ye the Holy Ghost, whose sins you shall for¬ give, they are forgiven them: and whose sins you shall retain, they are retained.” Did Jesus wish that others beside the Apostles should exercise this power? Yes, He wished that their successors, the bishops and priests of the Catholic Church, should exercise the power to forgive sins. 456 The New Testament. How do we know this? We know this because He conferred the power for the benefit of the members of His Church in particular and all men in general. So there must be, in accord¬ ance with the wish of Christ, some one in the Church to exercise this power as long as it exists. Was Thomas present when Our Lord appeared? No, but the other Apostles told him of it. Did he believe them? No, he did not believe them. How did Jesus convince him? He appeared again when Thomas was present and showed him the imprints of the nails and made him put his hand into His open side. What did Christ say after Thomas expressed his belief in Our Lord? He said: “ Because thou hast seen Me, Thomas, thou hast believed; blessed are they that have not seen and have believed/’ Why did Jesus retain the five wounds on His glori¬ fied body? He retained them: (1), As marks of His victory over Satan and death; (2), As a proof that He had risen with the same body which was crucified. St. Ambrose gives a third reason: As a perpetual reminder to the heavenly Father of the price of our Redemption. What sin did St. Thomas commit? He committed a sin against faith. Did St. Thomas repent of his sin? Yes, as soon as he was convinced that it was Our Lord he humbly expressed his sorrow for his sin and his belief in Christ by the words, “ My Lord and my God!” Jesus Makes St. Peter the Supreme Pastor. 457 What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to believe firmly all that the Church proposes for our belief. LXXXY. JESUS MAKES ST. PETER THE SUPREME PASTOR OF HIS FLOCK. What does this lesson relate ? It relates: (1), That Jesus appeared on the Lake of Genesareth; (2), The miraculous draught of fishes; (3), The conferring of the supreme pastorship on St. Peter; (4), The prophecy of the death of St. Peter. What were the Apostles doing when Jesus appeared to them? They were fishing. Had they been successful? No, they had not been successful. What did Jesus command them to do? He commanded them to cast their net on the right side of the boat. They obeyed and caught such a great multitude of fish that the net was broken. Had this miraculous draught of fishes a symbolical meaning ? Yes, it signified the mission of St. Peter and the other Apostles to fish for the souls of men. It also signified the futility of their own efforts unless blessed by the grace of Christ. What dignity did Christ confer upon St. Peter on this occasion? He made him the chief of the Apostles and the Primate of His whole Church. Did Jesus hint in any way that He was going to confer this dignity on St. Peter? Yes, (1), By changing his name from Simon to 458 The New Testament. Peter; (2), By the preference which He always showed him. How did this preference manifest itself? This preference manifested itself in the following manner: He paid the Temple tax for St. Peter; lie took him with two other Apostles to Mount Thabor to wit¬ ness 11 is Transfiguration; He prayed especially for him; He preached from his boat; and He began the washing of the feet at the Last Supper with St. Peter. But did not Christ expressly promise to confer this dignity on St. Peter? Yes, Christ promised to confer this dignity on St. Peter when He said to him: “Thou art Peter, and upon this rock I will build My Church, and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it. And I will give to thee the keys of the kingdom of heaven, and whatso- ever thou shalt bind upon earth it shall be bound also in heaven, and whatsoever thou shalt loose upon earth it shall be loosed also in heaven.” When did Jesus fulfil His promise? Jesus fulfilled II is promise on this occasion when He said to St. Peter: “ Feed My lambs, feed My sheep.” Was the whole flock entrusted to the care of St. Peter? Yes, the lambs, who are the hearing Church, and the sheep, who are the teaching Church, were entrusted to St. Peter. What was the position of St. Peter in the Church of Christ ? St. Peter was the visible head of the Church. Has St. Peter any successors in this office? Yes, the Popes, the bishops of Pome, are the sue- Jesus Promises the Holy Ghost to the Apostles. 459 cessors of St. Peter and the visible head of the Church on earth. Why is a visible head of the Church necessary? The Church is a visible institution. Every visible society must have a visible head. How did Jesus foretell the martyrdom of St. Peter? He said to St. Peter: “ When thou shalt be old thou shalt stretch forth thy hands and another shall gird thee and lead thee whither thou wouldst not.” Was the manner of his martyrdom foretold? Yes, it was foretold by the words, “ Thou shalt stretch forth thy hands.” When do we celebrate the martyrdom of St. Peter? We celebrate the martyrdom of St. Peter on the twenty-ninth of June. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to respect and obey our holy father the Pope, the successor of St. Peter. LXXXVI. JESITS PROMISES THE HOLY GHOST TO THE APOSTLES, SENDS THEM OUT TO PREACH TO THE WHOLE WORLD, AND ASCENDS INTO HEAVEN. How many events does this lesson relate ? It relates three: (1), That Jesus, forty days after His Resurrection, promised to send the Holy Ghost on the Apostles; (2), That He conferred a three-fold office on them; (3), That He ascended into heaven in the presence of His Apostles. When did He promise them the Holy Ghost? He promised them the Holy Ghost when He said: 460 The New Testament . “ You shall receive the power of the Holy Ghost coming upon you, and you shall be witnesses unto Me in Jerusalem, and in all Judea and Samaria, and even to the uttermost part of the earth.” Why did He send the Holy Ghost upon the Apostles ? He sent the Holy Ghost upon the Apostles to strengthen them to give testimony of Him. How did the Apostles testify? They testified by preaching and working miracles. What was the nature of the office that Christ con¬ ferred on the Apostles? It was a three-fold office. The office of teacher, priest, and king. What does this three-fold office imply? It implies the right to teach, to offer sacrifice, to administer the sacraments, and to rule. When did He confer the office of teacher? He conferred the office of teacher when He said; “ Go forth, teaching all nations.” When did He confer the office of priest? He conferred the office of priest when He said: “ Do this for a commemoration of Me,” at the Last Supper, and when He said: “ Baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost.” When did He confer the office of king? He conferred the office of king when He said: “ Teach them to observe all things whatsoever I have commanded you.” Jesus Promises the Holy Ghost to the Apostles . 461 Did Jesus intend that this office should be trans¬ mitted to others? Yes, He intended that it should be transmitted to the successors of the Apostles. How do you prove this? We prove it from the words of Christ: “ Teach all nations, and behold I shall he with you all days, even unto the consummation of the world.” What follows from these words of Christ? It follows that either the Apostles or their office will live till the end of the world: Now we know that all the Apostles died. Therefore their office must exist till the end of time. What did Jesus do then? He ascended into heaven. What does His Ascension into heaven prove? It proves that He is God, because He ascended into heaven by His own power. Why did He ascend into heaven? He ascended into heaven: (1), To take possession “ of the throne of glory and the kingdom which He purchased at the price of His blood ” (Catechism of Trent); (2), To intercede for us; (3), To prepare there a dwelling-place for us. Is the Ascension an article of faith? Yes, it is the sixth article of the Apostles’ Creed. When do we celebrate the Ascension of Christ? We celebrate the Ascension of Christ on Ascension Thursday, ten days after Pentecost. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to live so that we may one 462 The New Testament . day take possession of the place that Christ has pre¬ pared for us in heaven. LXXXVII. THE ELECTION OF MATTHIAS AND THE DESCENT OF THE HOLY GHOST. What does this lesson relate ? It relates three things: (1), The election of St. Matthias as Apostle to take the place of Judas; (2), The descent of the Holy Ghost; (3), The first sermon of St. Peter. Did the Apostles practise any virtues on this occa¬ sion? Yes, they practised: (1), Obedience; (2), Confidence; (3), Piety; (4), Brotherly Love. How do we know that they practised the virtue of obedience? We know that they practised obedience because they obeyed the command of Christ to go to Jerusa¬ lem, and there await the coming of the Holy Ghost. Whence do we know that they practised the other virtues ? We know that they practised the other virtues from the words of St. Luke in the Acts of the Apostles: “They were persevering (confidence),, with one mind (brotherly love) in prayer (piety).” Did St. Peter assert his Primacy at the election of St. Matthias? Yes, St. Peter did assert his Primacy at the election of St. Matthias. How do we know this? We know it because St. Peter arose and showed the Apostles how the prophecies had been fulfilled in The Descent of the Holy Ghost. 463 Judas, and spoke of the necessity of choosing another in his plape. Did the Apostles acknowledge the Primacy of St. Peter? Yes, for they obeyed him, and chose St. Matthias. When did the Holy Ghost come down upon the Apostles? The Holy Ghost came down upon the Apostles on Pentecost, ten days after the Ascension. Who is the Holy Ghost ? The Holy Ghost is the third person of the Blessed Trinity. Why did Christ send the Holy Ghost upon the Apostles ? Christ sent the Holy Ghost upon the Apostles to strengthen them in the discharge of their three-fold office of teacher, priest, and king. How did the Holy Ghost assist them in the dis¬ charge of their office of teacher? The Holy Ghost assisted them in their office of teacher by preventing them from preaching anything contrary to the doctrine of Christ. How did He assist them in the office of priest? The Holy Ghost assisted them in the office of priest by sanctifying the souls of those to whom they administered the sacraments. How did He assist them in the office of king ? He assisted them in the office of king by giving them wisdom to govern the Church, and strength to repel the attacks of her enemies. 464 : The New Testament. Was the efficacy of the Holy Ghost expressed out¬ wardly ? Yes, for the Holy Ghost descended in the form of fiery tongues. What are the properties of fire ? Fire gives light, warmth, and purifies. What do the tongues signify? The tongues signify the grace which the Apostles received to preach the Gospel to all nations. Did this grace prove efficacious at once ? Yes, this grace proved efficacious at once in the sermon of St. Peter. % How did it prove efficacious? Immediately after the descent of the Holy Ghost St. Peter preached to a great multitude of many different nationalities. And three thousand of them were converted at once. When did he preach this sermon ? He preached it on Pentecost. So what is Pentecost? Pentecost is not only the day on which the Holy Ghost came down upon the Apostles, hut it is also the day on which the Church made its first public appear¬ ance. Does the Holy Ghost continue His work in the Church ? Yes, the Holy Ghost still continues to teach, govern, and sanctify the Church. St. Peter Cures a Man Born Lame. 465 LXXXVHL ST. PETER CURES A MAN WHO WAS BORN LAME.—HE AND ST. JOHN ARE BROUGHT BEFORE THE COUNCIL. What does this lesson relate ? It relates: (1), That St. Peter cured instantly a man who was horn lame; (2), That St. Peter and St. John were brought before the Council. Where was the lame man cured ? The lame man was cured at a gate of the Temple, called the Beautiful Gate. How did he come to be there ? He was brought there daily to beg alms from the passers-by. Did he ask St. Peter and St. John for alms? Yes, he asked them for alms. What did St. Peter say to him? St. Peter said to him: “ Silver and gold I have none; but what I have I give thee: In the name of Jesus Christ of Nazareth, arise and walk.” Was the lame man cured? Yes, he was cured at once. What does this miracle prove? It proves that Jesus is God, because in His name the miracle was wrought; also that the doctrine which St. Peter preached is divine. How does it prove that His doctrine is divine ? St. Peter performed this miracle to confirm the truth of what he was going to preach. Now God can- 466 The New Testament. not give His approbation to a false doctrine by allow¬ ing a miracle to be performed in His name. How did the people receive this miracle? They were filled with amazement. Did St. Peter seize this opportunity to preach to the people? Yes, he began at once to preach to the people. What did he say to them? He told them: (1), That he did not perform the miracle by his own power, but by the power of the One whom they had crucified; (2), He admitted that they had crucified Him through ignorance; (3), He urged them to do penance. Was his sermon successful? Yes; five thousand were baptized. But what effect did the miracle have upon the Jew¬ ish priests? They laid hands on St. Peter and St. John, cast them into prison, and the following day had them brought before the Council. What did the chief priests and Ancients say to them? They said: “ By what power or by whose name have you done this? ” What did St. Peter answer? He said that he had performed the miracle by the power of Jesus Christ. Were the Apostles punished? No, but they were commanded not to preach again. Did the Apostles obey? No, they said that they had to obey God before man. Ananias and Saphira. 467 What do we learn from this lesson? We learn from it to profess our faith courageously, and to be always ready to suffer for it. LXXXIX. ANANIAS AND SAPHIRA. What does this lesson relate? It relates: (1), The life of the early Christians; (2), The sin and punishment of Ananias and Saphira. Which were the characteristic virtues of the early Christians ? The characteristic virtues of the early Christians were principally two: (1), Union; (2), Brotherly love. How do we know that there was a close union among them ? We know this from the words of St. Luke in the Acts of the Apostles. He tells us that they were “ one heart and one soul. 7 ’ What proof have we of their brotherly love? St. Luke tells us again in the Acts that they sold their goods and laid the proceeds at the feet of the Apostles to be equally divided among all. Of how many sins were Ananias and Saphira guilty ? They were guilty of two sins: of lying and hy¬ pocrisy. What is a lie ? A lie is the telling of something we know to be untrue. When are we guilty of hypocrisy? We are guilty of hypocrisy when we pretend to be better than we really are. 468 The New Testament. How were Ananias and Saphira guilty of these sins? They sold a piece of land, but brought only a part of the price to the Apostles, and when they were ques¬ tioned they said it was all they had received. Did St. Peter know that they were trying to deceive him? Yes, St. Peter knew that they were trying to de¬ ceive him. What did he say to Ananias? He said: “ Why hast thou conceived this thing in thy heart? Thou hast not lied to men, hut to God.” In how far was it true that Ananias had lied to the Holy Ghost? Ananias, like the other members of the Church, should have known that St. Peter was equipped with extraordinary supernatural power, and that he was in¬ spired and guided by the Holy Ghost. So any attempt to lie to him would be equivalent to lying to the One he represented, the Holy Ghost. Were they punished? Yes, they were punished with instant death. Is a lie always a mortal sin? Xo, a lie is not always a mortal sin. Did Ananias and Saphira commit a mortal sin? It is not certain. Many of the Fathers think that they did not commit a mortal sin, hut that their sudden death was the temporal punishment for their sins, and was intended to act as a warning for others. What do we learn from the words of St. Peter? We learn from his words: (1), That the Holy Ghost is a person: “ Why hath Satan tempted thy heart that thou shouldst lie to the Holy Ghost?” We can lie The Twelve Apostles in Prison. 469 only to a person; (2), That the Holy Ghost is God: “ Thou hast not lied to men, but to God.” What should we learn from this lesson ? We should learn from it to detest all lying and deceit, and to be always truthful and straightforward in our dealings with our fellow-men. XC. THE TWELVE APOSTLES IX PRISON. —GAMALIEL'S COUNSEL. What does this lesson contain? It contains: (1), A proof of the Primacy of St. Peter; and (2), A proof of the indefectibility of the Church. Which facts confirm the Primacy of St. Peter? The following facts confirm the Primacy of St. Peter: (1), The fact that he was gifted with greater healing powers than the other Apostles; (2), The fact that he spoke for the others. In what did the greater healing power of St. Peter consist ? It consisted in curing the sick upon whom his shadow fell. Were the Apostles released from prison? Yes, they were released by an angel. What did they do immediately after their release ? Immediately after their release they began again to preach. What did the chief priests and Ancients do? They had the Apostles brought again before the Council. 470 The New Testament . What did they say to the Apostles? They said: “We commanded that you should not teach in this name." Who spoke for the Apostles? St. Peter spoke for the Apostles. He said: “ We ought to obey God rather than man.” Who testified to the indefectibility of the Church? A doctor of the Law named Gamaliel testified to the indefectibilitv of the Church. m What do we mean by the indefectibility of the Church? By the indefectibility of the Church we mean that she will last forever. What did Gamaliel say? He said: “ Ye men of Israel, consider with your¬ selves what you are about to do as touching these men. . . . And now therefore, I say to you, refrain from these men and leave them alone: for if this counsel or this work be of men, it will come to naught. But if it be of God, you cannot overthrow it.” Bid the advice of Gamaliel contain the test for the divine origin of the Church? Yes, it contained the test for the divine origin of the Church. Has the Church stood the test? Y r es. Other works, as Gamaliel said, passed away, but because the Church is the work of God it will last forever. Which were the characteristic virtues of the Apos¬ tles? The characteristic virtues of the Apostles were principally two: Fortitude, and steadfastness in their faith. The Election of the Deacons . 471 How did they show their fortitude ? They showed their fortitude because they did not allow dangers or persecutions to prevent them from preaching the Gospel. How did they show their steadfastness in faith? They showed their steadfastness in faith, because they were ready to sacrifice everything, even their life, rather than lose their faith. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to make little sacrifices of self-denial willingly, and to bear persecution of every kind with resignation. XCI. THE ELECTION OF THE DEACONS. —STEPHEN IS THE FIRST MARTYR. What did the Apostles do as soon as the number of the faithful began to increase? As soon as the number of the faithful began to increase they chose deacons to assist them in their work. What was the office of the deacons? Their office was to distribute alms among the poor, and to help the Apostles in their care of the sick. Does the office of deacon still exist in the Church? Yes; every candidate for the priesthood must first receive deaconship. What authority has the deacon in the Church? He has the authority: (1), To preach; (2), To bap¬ tize solemnly; (3), To assist at solemn High Mass; (4), To distribute holy communion. 472 The New Testament. Who was the first deacon? St. Stephen was the first deacon. For what was he remarkable ? He was remarkable for his wisdom, which no one could withstand, and his miraculous power. How did he display his wisdom? He displayed his wisdom in his sermons, which his enemies could not answer. What effect did they produce on his enemies? They filled his enemies with a most intense hatred for St. Stephen. How did their hatred manifest itself? They seized St. Stephen and dragged him before the Council and induced false witnesses to say: “ This man ceaseth not to speak words against the holy place and the Law.” Why were the Ancients and the people so enraged at the sermon of St. Stephen? They were enraged at St. Stephen because he reminded them of their sins. What did he say? He said: “ You stiff-necked and uncircumcised in heart and ears, you always resist the Holy Ghost as your fathers did. . . . Which of the prophets have not your fathers persecuted? And they have slain them who foretold the coming of the Just One, of whom you have been now the betrayers and murderers.” What was the principal sin of which he accused them? He accused them principally of resisting the grace of God. The Election of the Deacons. 473 How far did the Jews go in their fury against St. Stephen ? They drove him out of the city and stoned him to death. Of what sin were they guilty ? They were guilty of the sin of murder. To what class of sins does murder belong? It belongs to the class of sins that cry to heaven for vengeance. Which are the sins crying to heaven for ven¬ geance? The sins that cry to heaven for vengeance are four: Wilful murder, oppression of the poor, defrauding laborers of their wages, and Sodomy. Why are they called sins crying to heaven for ven¬ geance ? They are called sins crying to heaven for vengeance because they are so malicious that they seem to call on God at once for punishment. How did St. Stephen pray while he was being stoned to death? He prayed: “ Lord Jesus, receive my spirit,” and u Lord, lay not this sin to their charge.” What did this prayer contain? It contained: (1), A proof of his belief in the divinity of Christ, for he calls Him “Lord”; (2), A proof of his love for his enemies. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to have great zeal for the souls of men and to forgive our enemies. 474 The New Testament . When do we celebrate the Feast of St. Stephen? We celebrate the Feast of St. Stephen on the twenty-eighth of December. XCII. THE SACRAMENT OF CONFIRMATION. —THE BAPTISM OF THE OFFICER OF QUEEN CANDACE OF ETHIOPIA. What does this lesson relate? It relates: (1), The persecution of the Church in Jerusalem; (2), The conversion of the inhabitants of Samaria; (3), The administration of the Sacrament of Confirmation; (4), The conversion of the officer of the Ethiopian queen. What was the principal cause of the persecution in Jerusalem? The public and courageous preaching of St. Stephen was the principal cause of the persecution. Against whom especially was the persecution directed? It was directed especially against the deacons, the associates in office of St. Stephen. What was the result of this persecution? The disciples of Jesus fled from Jerusalem and preached the Gospel in the rest of Judea and Samaria. How did the inhabitants of Samaria receive the word of God? They believed in the doctrine of Christ and received Baptism. The Sacrament of Confirmation . 475 Did the conversion of the inhabitants of Samaria have a far-reaching meaning? Yes; it showed that the Church of Christ was not only intended for the Jews, but for all nations. Which mark of the true Church did this manifest? It manifested the Church’s catholicity. Why is the Church catholic or universal? The Church is catholic or universal because it sub¬ sists in all ages, teaches all nations, and maintains all truth. What fact confirmed the call of the pagans to Chris¬ tianity ? The fact that St. Peter, the visible head of the Church, went to Samaria to confirm the converts, con¬ firmed the call of the pagans to Christianity. How do we know that the Apostles administered Confirmation ? We know that the Apostles administered Con¬ firmation from the words of St. Luke in the Acts of the Apostles: “ Then they laid hands upon them, and they received the Holy Ghost.” Do these words prove that Confirmation was insti¬ tuted by Christ? Yes, these words prove that Confirmation was insti¬ tuted by Christ, for the outward sign (the laying on of hands) produced the inward grace. Had this outward sign not been determined by Christ, it could not have produced grace. What is the outward sign of the Sacrament of Confirmation ? The outward sign is the laying on of hands and the anointing with chrism. 47b The Xew Testament . What do we receive in Confirmation ? In Confirmation we receive the Holy Ghost to strengthen us to be true to our faith. Who administered Confirmation in the early Church ? The Apostles, and not the disciples of Jesus, ad¬ ministered Confirmation. Who administers Confirmation nowadays in the Church? Only the bishops administer Confirmation. May a priest ever administer Confirmation? Yes, a priest may administer Confirmation if he receives the power from the Pope, but even then he must use holy chrism consecrated by the bishop. • What did Christ show by the conversion of the officer of the Ethiopian queen? He showed by this that He had died for all men. How was the officer’s conversion brought about? St. Philip met him on the road from Jerusalem. He noticed that the officer was reading Holy Scripture, and he proceeded to explain it to him. He did this so well that the officer professed his belief in Christ and asked to be baptized. Why was the officer converted at once? He was converted at once because he co-operated with the grace of God. What saying of Christ was fulfilled in his conver¬ sion? The following saying of Christ was fulfilled in his conversion: “ Blessed are they that hunger and thirst after justice, for they shall be filled.” The Conversion of Saul. 4VY What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to love our religion, and to take a delight in hearing it explained in sermons and Catechism. XCIII. THE CONVERSION OF SAUL. What does this lesson relate? It relates how St. Paul was converted. What makes this lesson on the conversion of St. Paul of great importance? Two things make this lesson of great importance: It contains a proof of the divinity of Christ, and an explanation of the doctrine of grace. Explain the proof of the divinity of Christ. (1), Saul sees Christ in a vision of glory; (2), He calls Him “ Lord (3), Ananias works a miracle in the name of Jesus. What did God show Saul? God showed him great mercy. How did He show him great mercy? God showed Saul mercy by granting him the actual grace of conversion. What further grace did Saul obtain by this actual grace ? By co-operating with actual grace he received sanctifying grace. What is sanctifying grace? Sanctifying grace is that quality of the soul which makes us pleasing in the sight of God. 478 The New Testament. Why is it called a grace ? It is called a grace because it is a free gift of God. How did Saul prepare himself for Baptism? Saul prepared himself for Baptism by three days’ fasting and prayer. Who baptized Saul? Ananias, who was commissioned by almighty God, baptized him. Did Ananias prove that he was sent by God to bap¬ tize Saul? Yes, he proved that he was sent by God by restor¬ ing his sight to Saul. Was Saul always blind? No, he was struck blind on his way to Damascus at the time of his conversion. What became of Saul afterwards? He became a great Apostle of Christ and was called PauL What does the conversion of St. Paul show? It shows the great power of the grace of God, for it changed Saul, who hated Christ most bitterly, into one of His greatest Apostles. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it never to despise the grace of God, and to prepare ourselves well for the reception of the sacraments. Peter's Journey.—He Raises Tabitha to Life . 479 XCIV. PETER'S JOURNEY.—HE RAISES TABITHA TO LIFE. What does this lesson relate? It relates that St. Peter visited many of the churches and raised Tabitha to life. Does this lesson contain a proof of the Primacy of St. Peter? Yes, it contains a proof of the Primacy of St. Peter. In what does this proof consist? It consists in the fact that St. Peter made his official visitations to the different parishes. Why did he undertake these journeys? He undertook these journeys to administer Con¬ firmation, to appoint priests over the parishes, and to work miracles. Which were the principal miracles he worked? He healed Eneas, who had been sick with the palsy for eight years, and in Joppe he raised a dead woman named Tabitha to life. Where was Lydda situated ? Lydda was a small city about twenty-five miles west of Jerusalem, not far from the Mediterranean Sea. Where was Joppe? Joppe was about twelve miles from Lydda, on the Mediterranean Sea. Why did St. Peter work these miracles? St. Peter wrought these miracles to prove that he had received a mission from God to preach. What was the result of the miracles of St. Peter? The result was that many believed. 480 The New Testament, For what virtue was Tabitha known? She was known for her generosity to the poor. Which class of poor are especially recommended to our charity? The widows and orphans are especially recom¬ mended to our charity. What reward do we receive for works of mercy? The merciful will be judged mercifully on the last day, for Christ says: “ Blessed are the merciful, for they shall obtain mercy.*’ What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to be generous to the poor. XCV. THE CONVERSION OF CORNELIUS AND THE CHRISTIANS AT ANTIOCH. What does this lesson relate? It relates that a Roman centurion named Cornelius was inspired by the Holy Ghost to go to St. Peter to be received into the Church. What do we learn from this fact? We learn from it: (1), That the Church is Catholic; (2), That it is guided by the spirit of God; (3), That St. Peter was its visible head. Whence do we learn that the Church is catholic? m We learn that the Church is catholic from the fact that heathens were called to it. Were the heathens obliged to first acknowledge the Jewish Law before they were received into the Church? No, they were independent of the Jewish Law, and were received directly into the Church when they ex¬ pressed the wish. The Conversion of Cornelius. 481 Who is here the representative of paganism? The Roman centurion Cornelius is the representa¬ tive of paganism. Which virtues did the centurion captain practise ? The centurion captain practised the following virtues: (1) ? He was very devout— “ he prayed to God continually (2), He was generous to the poor; (3), He was obedient; (4), He was sincere, for he obeyed the command of God at once. How was he received into the Church? He was received into the Church by the Sacrament of Baptism. Why is Baptism the most necessary sacrament? Baptism is the most necessary sacrament because without it we cannot be saved. What is Baptism? Baptism is a sacrament which cleanses us from original sin, makes us Christians, children of God, and heirs of heaven. How do we know that God guided the early Church ? We know this from the fact that God Himself, through an angel, led the centurion to the Church. How did almighty God bring this about ? He sent a vision to St. Peter. Why was this revelation made to St. Peter ? St. Peter was the visible head of the Church. It was meet that he, who had been the first to receive the Jews into the Church, should also be the first to receive the pagans. What did the angel say to Cornelius ? He said: “ Thy prayers and thy alms are ascended for a memorial in the sight of God. And now send 482 The New Testament. men to Joppe, and call hither Simon, who is surnamed Peter” What was it that moved God to grant Cornelius the grace of conversion? His prayers and alms moved God to grant him the grace of conversion. Was the conversion of Cornelius an important event for the spread of Christianity? Yes, Christian communities began to spring up among the pagans, especially at Antioch. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to pray devoutly and give alms generously. XCVI. PETER IN PRISON. What does this lesson relate? It relates: (1), How God protects His Church; (2), That prayer is most efficacious; (3), That God punishes the persecutors of His Church. From what do we see that God protects His Church? We see that God protects His Church from the miraculous manner in which He liberated its visible head from prison. Why did the Jews cast St. Peter into prison? They thought that by removing the head of the Church they would be able to destroy the Church itself. What did they intend to do with St. Peter? Herod Agrippa intended to put him to death after the Jewish Passover. Who frustrated the plan of Herod? God Himself frustrated it. Peter in Prison. 483 How did God frustrate Herod’s plan ? God frustrated Herod’s plan by sending an angel to St. Peter to lead him out of prison. What moved God to perform this miracle? The prayers of the faithful moved God to perform this miracle. How did the faithful pray? They prayed with perseverance. “ Prayer was made without ceasing hy the Church to God for him.” What do we learn from this miracle ? We learn from it the great efficacy of prayer. How should we pray? We should pray: (1), With attention; (2), With hu¬ mility; (3), With confidence; (4), With resignation; (5), With perseverance. Did God punish Herod? Yes, God afflicted him with a most loathsome dis¬ ease, and he died in the most terrible torments. Why did God punish him so severely ? God punished him for two reasons: (1), Because he persecuted His Church; (2), Because he was pleased that the people looked on him as a god. Which attribute of God do we see in the fate of Herod ? In the fate of Herod we see His justice. What should we learn from this lesson ? We should learn from it: (1), Never to lose courage, hut to look to God for help in time of need; (2), To pray for the Pope, the visible head of the Church. 484 The New Testament . XCVII. ST. PAUL'S FIRST MISSION. (a.d. 45-48.) What does this lesson relate? It relates the first mission of St. Paul. Who called St. Paul to the apostolate? Christ Himself called him. Was St. Paul ordained by Christ? No, he was not ordained by Christ. Who ordained St. Paul? The chief men among the Christians of Antioch ordained him. Were they bishops? Yes, they were bishops. What power did they confer on St. Paul? They not only ordained him, but also consecrated him bishop. What is the Sacrament of Holy Orders? Holy Orders is a sacrament through which bishops and priests and other ministers are ordained, and receive the power and grace to perform their sacred duties. Is the consecration of a bishop a sacrament? Yes, the consecration of a bishop is a sacrament. Are there not therefore eight sacraments instead of seven? No, there is only one Sacrament of Orders, but there are different degrees: deacons, priests, and bishops. The episcopacy is the crown of Holy Orders. Who can administer Holy Orders? Only a bishop can administer Holy Orders. St. PauVs First Mission. 485 Did St. Paul make use of his episcopal power? Yes, he ordained priests, and placed them over parishes. Who accompanied him on this journey? Barnabas accompanied him. Whither did they go first? They went to Cyprus, the native place of Barnabas. Did they make any important conversions there ? Yes, they converted the proconsul Sergius. Who tried to prevent the conversion of Sergius? A magician named Barjesu tried to prevent his con¬ version. How did St. Paul prove the truth of his teaching to Sergius? St. Paul proved the truth of his teaching by a miracle. He struck the magician blind. Whither did St. Paul and St. Barnabas go after having left Cyprus? Having left Cyprus they went to Asia Minor, to Antioch, a city in Pisidia. To whom did St. Paul preach first in Antioch? He preached first to the Jews on the Sabbath in the synagogue, but when they refused to listen to him he turned to the Gentiles. How did the Gentiles receive him? They listened to him and received the Gospel with great joy. Whither did St. Paul and St. Barnabaa go from Antioch ? From Antioch they went to Iconium. 486 The New Testament. To what sin in particular were the people of Iconium addicted? They were addicted in particular to the sin of idolatry. How do we know this? We know it from the fact that they called St. Barnabas, Jupiter, on account of his imposing appear¬ ance, and St. Paul, Mercury, on account of his elo¬ quence, and wished to offer sacrifice to them. Did the saints permit them? No, they said to them: “ We are mortals like you, you have no right to call us gods.” Against which Commandment did the people sin? They sinned against the first Commandment. How did the Apostles succeed? Some believed, but the Jews had followed them from Antioch and Iconium, and stirred up the people against them. What did they do to St. Paul? They stoned him till they thought he was dead, and then cast him out of the city. Did St. Paul and St. Barnabas return? Yes, they returned through the cities which they had visited, exhorted the faithful to persevere, and ordained priests. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to have great zeal for the honor and glory of God. The Council of Jerusalem. 487 XCVIII. THE COUNCIL OF JERUSALEM. What does this lesson relate? It relates that: (1), About the year 50 a.d., a Council was held in Jerusalem; (2), That the question whether the Gentiles who were received into the Church had to observe the Jewish Law was decided in the negative. Who presided at the Council ? St. Peter presided. Of what is this a proof? It is a proof that the other Apostles acknowledged the supremacy of St. Peter. Who were present at the Council? The Apostles and the Ancients were present. Who presided at all succeeding General Councils? The Pope or his legates presided. Who takes part in the deliberations of the Council? Not only bishops, but also priests and lay people who are known for their learning, take part. But who has a right to vote and decide questions? Only the bishops, the successors of the Apostles, have a right to vote. What important question was decided by the Council ? It was decided that the heathens who were con¬ verted to Christianity were not obliged to fulfil the requirements of the Jewish Law, for example, to be circumcised. How did the Council reach this decision? St. Peter arose in the Council and said that the Apostles had no right to impose this burden on the converts from paganism. 488 Tlie New Testament . Did any one else express the same views? Yes, St. Janies the bishop of Jerusalem did. Was the decision of the Council infallible? Yes, the decision was infallible. Why was it infallible ? It was infallible because the Council was guided by the Holy Ghoet. Was this expressed in the decision of the Council? Yes, for the decree commences with these words: “It hath seemed good to the Holy Ghost, and to us, etc.” Have there been General Councils since the one at Jerusalem ? Yes, there have been twenty. When was the first? The first General Council was at Nice, in the year 325. When was the last? The last was the Council of the Vatican in 1870. Can there be a General Council unless it is called by the Pope and presided over by him? No, a General Council must be called by the Pope and presided over by himself or his representatives. There were some irregular Councils, but the Pope ratified their acts afterwards, thus making them General. Are any new doctrines defined in the General Coun¬ cils? No ? the deposit of faith was closed with the death of the last Apostle. The old truths are developed and shaped to meet the errors of the times. St. PauVs Second Mission. 489 Can the Catholic Church err in matters of faith or morals? No, the Church cannot err in matters of faith or morals, not any more than the Apostles could at the Council in Jerusalem. For the same Holy Ghost, who guided the deliberations of the Apostles, was promised to their successors for the same purpose to the end of time. What do we call the teaching authority of the Cath¬ olic Church? We call it infallible in matters of faith or morals. But must we not also submit to the Church in deci¬ sions which do not pertain to faith or morals? Certainly we must obey her in all her decisions, but we do not have to believe that she is infallible. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to obey all the Command¬ ments of the Church and the regulations of our bishops and pastors. XCIX. ST. PAUL’S SECOND MISSION. (a.d. 51-54.) What does this lesson relate? It relates the second mission of St. Paul. Whither did St. Paul go on his second missionary journey? He went to Asia Minor, Syria, Cilicia, Phrygia, Lycaonia, Galatia, Mysia, and finally to Troas. Whither did he go from Troas? He went to Philippi, the capital of Macedonia. What induced him to go to Macedonia? During the night he saw as in a dream a man who said to him: “ Pass over into Macedonia and help us.” 490 The New Testament. Who accompanied St. Paul? Silas, Luke, and Timothy accompanied him. Who was Luke? Luke was a physician of Antioch; he was converted to Christianity and died for the faith in Achaia. Who was Timothy? Timothy was the offspring of a mixed marriage; his father was a heathen and his mother a Jewess. He was born at Lystra, was converted, became bishop of Ephesus, and sutTered martyrdom. Who was Silas? Silas, like St. Paul, was a Homan subject, and his companion on his missions. What happened to St. Paul in Philippi? After having preached a great deal and performed many miracles he was cast into prison, whence he escaped by a miracle. What occurred while they were in prison? During the night an earthquake arose, and the walls of the prison were shaken to their foundations. When the keeper awoke and saw the doors open, he supposed that the prisoners had fled; he drew his sword to kill himself, but St. Paul prevented him. What became of the keeper? He and his whole family were baptized. Whither did St. Paul go from Philippi? From Philippi he went to Athens. Where did he preach? He preached in the Areopagus. Of what did he preach? He preached: (1), Of God and the Creation; (2), Of the end of man, who “ lives, moves, and is ” in God; St. Paul's Second Mission. 491 (3), Of Jesus Christ, who arose from the dead and will come again to judge all men. What gave him occasion to speak of God? He saw an altar which was dedicated to the “ un¬ known God.” What did he preach on God? lie preached that God is a spirit: that He can¬ not be contained in any earthly temple, for He is every¬ where. What did he preach on the external work of God? He preached that the whole visible world was created by God. What did he preach on the end of man? He preached that man comes from God and is intended for God. What was the condition of our first parents? They were created in a state of sanctifying grace, that is, they were children of God and heirs of heaven. Did they have a right to this ? No; God of His own free will elevated them to this state. Did they fall from the state of grace? Yes, they fell and brought sin on all their de¬ scendants. Whither did St. Paul go from Athens ? He went to Corinth and Ephesus, and afterwards back to Antioch. Which were the characteristic virtues of St. Paul? His self-sacrificing love of Christ, and his zeal for the spread of His Gospel, were the characteristic virtues of St. Paul. 492 The Xew uiestament . What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to make any sacrifice for our faith. C. ST. PAUL’S THIRD MISSION. (a.d. 55-58.) What does this lesson relate ? It relates the third mission of St. Paul. When was the third mission of St. Paul ? The third mission of St. Paul was between 55 and 58 after Christ. To what city did St. Paul go first? He went first to Ephesus, the capital of the Roman province of Asia. What did he do there? He administered the Sacraments of Baptism and Confirmation. Did he make any conversions there? Yes, he made many converts and performed many miracles. Mention some of his miracles. The sick who touched his handkerchiefs or aprons were cured instantly. Did he meet any opposition in Ephesus? Yes, Demetrius, a silversmith, incited a riot against him. Why did he incite the riot? He supposed that St. Paul was injuring his trade by preaching against the worship of idols. Whither did St. Paul go from Ephesus? lie went to Macedonia in Greece, and thence to Troas. The Last Years of the Apostles, 403 What remarkable miracle did he work here? He raised a young man to life. Whither did he go from Troas? From Troas he proceeded to Lesbos, Chios, Samos, and Miletus. Describe his departure from Miletus. He bade the clergy farewell and said: “ Now behold, bound in spirit, 1 go up to Jerusalem, not knowing the things that shall befall me there.” Then to the bishops he said: “Take heed to yourselves and all the flock over which the Holy Ghost has placed you bishops to rule the Church of God." Then they fell on his neck and embraced him weeping because they would see his face no more. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to give up any occupation that might prove dangerous to our faith or morals. Cl. THE LAST YEARS OF THE APOSTLES. What does this lesson relate? It relates how Sts. Peter and Paul were put to death for the faith. How did St. Paul die? He went up to Jerusalem, where he was cast into prison. There he remained two years, after which he was brought to Rome and condemned to die. What happened on the Isle of Malta? He suffered shipwreck on the Isle of Malta, but was saved by a miracle. What happened to him in Rome? In Rome he was cast into prison, where he re¬ mained two years. Eventually set free he preached the 494 The New Testament. Gospel in many countries, and returned to Rome about the year 67. What became of the other Apostles? St. James the Less, bishop of Jerusalem, according to Josephus Flavius was stoned to death; St. John, bishop of Ephesus, was exiled to Patmos, whence he returned to Ephesus, where he died. e know very little about the other Apostles. Where did St. Peter labor? St. Peter founded a Christian community in Rome, whence he undertook visitations to the different Christian churches. On one of these trips he came to Antioch, where he remained seven years. Finally he took up his permanent residence in Rome. Where did he and St. Paul die? They both suffered martyrdom in Rome under Nero in the year 67. How did they suffer death? St. Paul was beheaded because he was a Roman citizen; but St. Peter was crucified with his head down¬ wards. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to love our religion above everything, and to live so that we may be worthy to die in it. CII. THE FIRST CENTURIES OF THE CHURCH. What does this lesson relate? It relates how Christianity spread during the first centuries. How did the Apostles spread Christianity ? The Apostles spread Christianity by preaching. 495 The First Centuries of the Church. Who continued their work? Their successors continued their work. Were they hindered in their work? Yes, they were hindered by the persecutions of the Roman emperors. How many persecutions were there? There were ten persecutions. How long did they last? They lasted about three hundred years. Was it one continual persecution for three hundred years ? No, it cannot be truthfully said that it was one uninterrupted persecution; there were breathing-spells of peace, often for a number of years. When was the first persecution? The first persecution was under Nero. Which of the Apostles suffered martyrdom during this persecution? Sts. Peter and Paul suffered martyrdom during this persecution, on the twenty-ninth of June, a.d. 67. When was the second persecution? The second persecution was under Domitian. When was the third? The third was under Trajan. Who suffered martyrdom during this persecution? The principal martyrs during this persecution were St. Ignatius, bishop of Antioch, who was torn to pieces by wild beasts, and St. Simeon, bishop of Jerusalem. When was the fourth? The fourth was under Hadrian. Name the persecutions that followed. The fifth was under Antoninus Pius; the sixth was under Marcus Aurelius; the seventh under Septimius 496 The New Testament. Severus; the eighth under Decius; the ninth under Valerian; the tenth under Valerian. Who restored peace to the Church? The Emperor Constantine restored peace to the Church in the year 313. How was Constantine induced to restore peace to the Church? He was induced by the wonderful appearance of a cross in the sky with this inscription: “ In this sign thou wilt conquer.” He looked on this as a good omen, and on the following day he overcame his rival Maxentius. What did Constantine do for Christianity? He issued an edict for the toleration of the Chris¬ tian religion, and built churches and schools. What does the preservation of the Church in spite of so many persecutions prove? It proves that the Church is of divine origin. Which marks did the Church show even in the first centuries of its existence? The Church showed that it was One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic. What does the possession of these four marks prove? Any Church that has always possessed these four marks must be the true Church. What should we Catholics be thankful for? We should thank God for the grace of the true faith and pray to Him daily for the great grace of perseverance. What should we learn from this lesson? We should learn from it to glory in our holy religion, which was watered by the blood of thousands of martyrs. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. Aaron, called to help Moses, 115; performs a miracle, 116, 117; sin of, 129; rod <>f, L82; conse¬ crated high-priest, 138; sons of, priests, 138; pooplo murmur against, 140; priesthood of, conllrinod, 142, 143. Abel, who and what ho was, offer¬ ing of, 34: murder of, 36; typo of Christ, 37. Abiron, revolt of, 142. Abraham, 102, 103, 107, 112, 299, 315, 327; father of Israelites, faith of, 48; whore he lived, mission of, God’s promise to, 49; obedience of, virtue of, qual¬ ities of faith of, 50; whore he was led, his love of peace, 51 ; unselfishness of, 52; charitv and brotherly love of, 53 ; faith of, fear of, protection of, 55; posterity of, 56; reward of, God’s covenant with him ami his descendants, sign of cov¬ enant, 56; hospitality of, 57; wife of, 56, 57; pity of Sodom and Gomorrha, his prayer, 59; his sacrifice of Is.uic, his sou, 61. 62; his love of God, 62; God’s covenant with, renewed, 126; Jesus shows that He is a descendant of, 274. Absalom, revolt of, 176; sins of, 178, 179; death of, 178. Achab, King, 193, 194; sins of, 193, 197; punishment of, 199. Achaia, St. Luke martyred at, 490. Acts of the Apostles, 4G2, 467, 475. Adam, 24, 32, 39; his test, his companion, marriage, 25; pun¬ ishment of, typo of, 33; length of life of, descendants, 38; God first promised a Redeemer to, 81. Aden, Gulf of, 103. Advent, reminds us of promised Redeemer, 32. Aggeus, prophosies glory of sec¬ ond Temple, 234, 235. Alexandria, 240; early Christiau universities ut, 282. Altar, Sacramont of tho, 187; of Elias, 195,196. Aman, opposes Esther, 237; tries to put Jews to death, 238. Ananias and Saphira, 467, 468, 469. Ananias in the fiery furnace, 227. Ananias works a miracle and baptizes Saul, 478. * Andrew, Apostle, 293, 306. Angels, creation and fall of, 19; sin of, 20; wicked, called devils, St. Michael, 21; divisions of, good choirs of, officos of, 22; visit Abraham, 57; Jacob wres¬ tles with an angel, 76; angel calls Jacob “Israel,” 77; Ra¬ phael accompanies Tobias, 206, 208,209,210; Gabriel announces birth of St. John, 253; an¬ nounces birth of Jesus, 257; angels announce birth of Jesus to shepherds, 272, 273; angel warns Magi against Herod, 280; angel commands Joseph to flee into Egypt, 281; Guar¬ dian, 22, 364; angel leads Cor¬ nelius to St. Peter, 48. Anna, mother of Mary, 258. Anna, mother of Samuel, 159. 497 408 Alphabetical Index Anna, prophetess in the Temple, 277. Annas, Jesus before, and Cai- phas, 428, 429, 430. Annunciation, Feast of, 260. Antioch, 490; Cornelius and Christians at, 4#2; St. Taut ordained at, 484; St. Paul preaches at, 485, 486, 491; Ht, Peter at, 494; 8t. Ignatius of, 49Y Antiochus, King of Syria, op¬ presses the Jews, 243; death Of, 246, 247. Antoninus Pius, 495. A jostles, 128,312, 348; successors of, 189, 812; Jlr^t mission of, 345; names of, meaning of word, authority of, 346; power of, 347- first, 293; Philip and Bartholomew, 294; at Cana, 294; Jesus |*rc|niro8 Apostles for their ' >n\ee ( ;t<*7 ; dignity and office of, and thoir succes¬ sors, 316, 317, 318, 417; Josus strengthens the faith of tho, 351. Josus tests tho faith of the, 354’ and woman of Chanson. 356; at tho Transflgunition, 361; Jeans warns against scan¬ dal, 863; power to forgive sins conferred on, 364 , 365, 453, 454, 455; Jesus gives tho Apos¬ tles seventy-two desciples to assist them, 366; Jesus teaches the Apostles the " Our Father,” 381; Jesus sends tho Apostles Into Bethphage, 399,401; washes the feet of the, 411, 412; at Lost Supper, 413, 414, 416, 417; 1-sus consoles, 420, 421, 422; throe, on Mount Olivet, 424, 426: Jesus is silent about, 428; testimony of, to Resum ption, 447, 454; Jesusapj>ears to Mary Magdaleu aud sends her to the, 449, 450: 8t. Peter made chief of the, 457, 458; Jesus promises to send Holy Ghost ujx>n, 459; Jesus confers three-fold office on, 460. 161 . Bt Matthias se¬ lected to take |>lace of Judas, 462; virtues of, 462,470,471 ; Holy Ghost descends upon, 463, 464;* courageous faith of, 466; Ananias tries to deceive, 468; twelve, in prison, 469; elect deacons, 471; administer con¬ firmation, 475, 476; Saul be¬ comes one of the, 478; among the Gentiles, 485, 486; at Coun¬ cil of Jerusalem, 487, 488, 489; fate of, 493; persecution and martyrdom of, 494, 495. Arabia, 103, 111. Arnrnt, Mount, 42. Aroojiagus, 490. Ark, Noe commanded to build, size of, 39; living creatures in, 40; figure of Church, of Blessed Virgin, 41; on Mount Ararat, 42; of tho covenant, 132; of the covenant nt the Jordnn, 151; of the covenant in hands of Philistines, 161; of the cove¬ nant on Mount Sion, 173. Armenia, 42. Ascension, 423, 436; of Christ into heaven, feast of the, 461. Assuerus, King of Persia, 237, 238 Ash Wednesday, 34. Asia, 492. Asia Minor. 485. Assyria, 202; Salmanasar, King of, 205; Sennacherib, 218. Assyrian caj»tlvity, Tobias in, 205. Assyrians, Hoh> femes, eom- nmndor-ln-chiof of, 219, 220. Athens, St. Paul at, 490, 491, Atonement Dty of, pis, jhs. Augustus decrees that Jews l>e enrolled, 269, 270; j>eace under, 273. Azarias, in the flory furnace, 227. Baal. 193, 195. Baalim, 195. Babel, Tower of, 46; whero tower was to l)o built, by whom, how God frustrated plans, conse¬ quence, 46. Babylon, Nabuchodonosor, King of, 227 ; (Jueeu Esther saves the Jews at, 286, 288. Babylonians, 211; Daniel kills the dragon of the, 232, 233; how Jews instructed, 236. Balaam, projdiecy of, 146. Balac, 146. Baltassar, King, punished for desecrating the sacred vessels, 230; sins of, 230. Buj)tism, Sacrament of, 123, 201, 287 , 481; sponsors in, 266: by St. John, 287; of Jesus, 289; Alphabetical Index 499 what happened at baptism of Jesus, 290; when instituted, effects of, 290; Christ teaches necessity of, to Nicodemus, 298; sacrament of dead, 329, 381; pond of Bethsaida figure of, 335; grace of faith received in, 358; of inhabitants of Sa¬ maria, 474; of St. Paul, 478; necessity of, 481; St. Paul ad¬ ministers, 492. Barabbas, 435. Barjosu, 485. Barnabas, 485, 486. Bathuel, 71. Beatitudes, the eight, 311; first, 312; second, 312, 313; third and fourth, 313; llftb, 314; sixth, seventh, and eighth, 315; prin¬ ciples of kingdom of Christ in eight, 316. Beautiful Gate, 465. Beujainin, 89; Joseph sends for, 90; hiB journey into Egypt, 92; Joseph greets, 94 ; Joseph’s sil¬ ver cup in sack of, 96; tribe of, 191. Bethany, homo of Martha and Mary, 370; Jesus visits, 399. Bethel, 72. Bethlehem, 72; tribe of Judaat, 165; David born at, 180; proph¬ ecy of Micheas concerning, 211, 271, 278; birth of Jesus at, 270, 271; shepherds hurry to, 273; star of, 278; Magi come to, 279; slaughter of innocents at, 281. Bethphage, 399. Bethsabee, 176. Bethsaida, pond of, meaning of word, 333; figure of baptism, 335. Bethulia, 219. Bishops, successors of Apostles, 139,417; of Rome, the Pope, 412; have power to forgive sins, 455; only administer confirmation, 476 ; consecration of, 484. Blessed Sacrament, manna figure of, 125, 414; bread of heaven in, 270 ; promise and institution of, 352, 353, 355, 413-419. Blessed Virgin, 22; ark figure of, 41; Judith type of, 221; Esther type of, 239; home of, 258; Elizabeth’s greeting of the, 261, 262, 263; mother of God and all-powerful, 264; prophecy of Magnificat partially fulfilled, 337; prophecy of Simeon, 277 ; finds Josus in the Temple, 284; Christ appears to, 451. Booz, virtues of, reward of, 158. Cmsar, 402, 437 ; tributo to, 433. Cmsarea, 360. Cmsarea Philippi, 357. Cain, who and what ho was, offer¬ ing of, 34; intention of, jealousy and anger of, 35; act of, pun- ishmont of, 36 ; sins of, type of Jews, 37; descendants of, 38. Caiphas, Josus before, 428, 429, 430. Caleb, 140. Calvary, Mount, Josus carries Hi- on - to, 188, 489. Cana, Jesus’ first miracle at, 294, 295, 296. Candace, Queen of Ethiopia, con- \ersi( in (if offioer of, it i, 476. Candlomas Day, 277. Cupharnaum, 328; miracles of Jesus at, 305, 306, 308; Jesus goes to, 326; Josus promisos the Jews the Broad of Lifo at, 352. i Carith, brook of, 194. Cedron, brook of, 424. Centurion, faith of, 327, 344; at death of Jesus, 443; conversion of Cornelius the, 480, 481, 482. Chaldea, 49. Cham, sin of, 44 ; descendants of, 46. Chauaan, 51, 52, 102, 291; Jacob In the land of, 74. 89, 101, 113; spies in, forty days, 140, 291; Jesus drives a devil out of daughter of woman of, 355, 356. Charity, 228; acts of, 229; univer¬ sal, who are especially recom¬ mended to, 53, 329; Christ per¬ fects the law of, 319. Chios, 493. Christ, types of, Adam, 33; Abel, 37; Noe, 43; Melchisedech, 54; Isaac, 63; Joseph, 81, 98; Moses, 150; Josue, 153; God- eon, 155; David, 180; Solomon, 189; Jonas, 203, 447; Daniel, type of Resurrection of, 233; founder of Church, 41; and the Church, 139; Church of, 341; Church, kingdom of, 434; mir¬ acles of, 115, 215, 294, 297, 304, 500 Alphabetical Index . 305, 306, 308, 325, 328, 333, 343, 349, 351, 362, 378, 3*5. 393; pus- cbal lamb, type of, 120; manna, figure of, 125; brazen serpent figure of, 145; gives parable of the men who bn tit on rook and sand, 324 ; gives (amble of seed ami oockh*, 339; Rives par- ablo of tlio mustard-seinl, tho leaven, the treasure, the pre¬ cious pearl, and tho net, 340; giv<«s pambio of the unforgiv¬ ing sonant, 364: gives (arable of the good shepherd, 87l; give* (arable of the prodigal son, 373; gives parable of Dives and Laz¬ arus, 376; gives parable of tho rich man, 382; gives (arable of barren fig-tree, 383; gives (ar¬ able of labor* rs in vineyard, 391: gives (arable of tho mar¬ riage feast, 400; gives (arablo of the ten virgins nnd tho tal¬ ents, 4u6; David's victory flg- uro of Christ's victory over Satan, 167; established priest¬ hood of New Uw, 212; proph- ecies of I sales concerning, 214, 215, 216. 217, respect for \ ■ tures of, 2*27; last days before coming of, 249 ; called a light by Simeon, 257: true man and true < I t. 214, 260; birth <*, 206,271 ; meaning of word, 269 ; (arable of seed and cookie tnught by, 339; St. John says ho is not the, 2H8; the Lord, 272: bajttised, 290; iu the desert, fasts and is tempted, 291, 292; wills in, 292; calls the Temple the •• house of Ills Father,” 297; omniscience of, 310; those who are poor for Christ’s sake, 312; His promise t<> “the eli-an of heart,” 315; announces principles of His kingdom iu the beatitudes, 311; addresses the Apostles, 316; describes their office as priests and teachers, 317, 318; perfects and fulfils the Old Law us Law¬ giver of the New Testament, 318, 319; teaches good inten¬ tion in w'orks, 319, 320, 321; 8ays how* we should pray, fast, and give alms, 320; condemns unjust suspicion and rash judg¬ ment, 322, 323; concludes Ser¬ mon on the Mount with two parables, 324: cures the leper, 325, 326; rewards tho faith of the centurion, 327; is Orel, 329; divinity of, 834, 335, 378, 389. 421; tells the Jews of the Bread of Life, 352, 413; tho Jews doubt, 352, 353; some of tho disciples are scandalized at WOldS of, 353, 964f 0t peter makes an open profession of fnith in, 867, 358: Jews did not recognize divinity of, 357 ; (ays Temple tribute, 362; warns us agninst riches. 383; Jews try to stone, 389; marriage feast sym¬ bol of union between Christ ami His Church, 401; the bride¬ groom, 406, 107; obedient to Jewish law, 411; institutes Blessed Sacrament at Last Supper, 413-419; teaches neces¬ sity of grace in (amble of the vine, 422; ngony of, 424, 425; pleads for His Apostles, 426, 427; beforo Annas and Cai- has, 429, 430; before Herod, 34; pious women wcop for Him on His way to Calvary, 438, 439; tho good thief asks Christ to remember him, 441; New law Itegtns with death of, 443; blood ami water flow from His l»ody, 444; Pharisees try to keep His body iu sepulchre, 446; Resurrection of, 446,447, 448 ; disci pies recognize, 453; institute* confession and Sac¬ rament of Penance, 455; con¬ vinces St. Thomas. 456; com¬ mands A(> 08 tles to teach all nations, 459; promises Holy Ghost to Apostles, 460: sends Holy Ghost, 463; faith of St. Stephen in, 473; Confirmation instituted by, 475; saying of, fulfilled, 476; the conversion of 8t. Paul to, 477 , 478: w hat He says of those who are mer¬ ciful, 480; St. Puul’s love of, 491. Christian religion, 341; univer¬ sities, 282; perfection, 890, 391; resisting Christian truth, 395; St. Peter founds Christian community in Koine, 494; Con¬ stantine protects Christian re¬ ligion, 4%. Christianity, 282; call of pagans Alphabetical Index. 501 to, 475; spread of, 482; heath¬ ens converted to, not obliged to fulfil Jewish Law, 487; Luke is converted to, 490; Apostles preach, 494; Constantine pro¬ tects, 496. Christians, 18, 123; Cornelius and, at Antioch, 480, 481, 482 at Antioch ordain St. Paul 484: persecutions of, 495. Christinas tree, meaning of, 271; meaning of presents on, 271. Church, Catholic, 18; Sunday changed, why, 19; relation of, to St.Michael, 21, 22; ark of Noe figure of, 41; tabernacle figure of, 133; head of, 139; teachings of, about saints, 219; Catholic, only true, 264; good ana bad in, 339; Catholic, woman with leaven figure of, 340; Catl olio, alone true faith. 341; of Christ, 341; storm-tossed boat figure of, 343; St. Joseph patron of the, 282: second con. annulment of, 291; St. Peter foundation of, 294; Catholic Church’s power to drive out devils. 305; St. Peter’s net figure of Catho¬ lic, 307, 308; Jesus watches over, 351; Jesus makes St Peter head of, 357, 358, 359; succes¬ sors of St. Peter in the, 360; Jesus founded but one, 359; likened to vineyard, 383, 391; words of consolation for, 420; kingdom of Christ, 434; proph¬ ets foretold institution of, 436; devotion to Sacred Heart ap¬ proved by, 445; bishops and priests of Catholic, have power to forgive sins, 455; built upon Peter, 458; visible, 459; Holy Ghost still with the, 464; Pen¬ tecost first public appearauco of, 464 ; Gamaliel defends inde- feetibility of, 470: persecution of, in Jerusalem, 474; Catholic¬ ity of, 475, 480 independent of Jewish Law, 480; God guides, 481; God punishes Herod for persecuting the, 483; General Councils of, infallible, 488, 489; persecutions of the early, 495, 496; Emperor Constantine re¬ stores peace to the, 496; pres¬ ervation of, marks of true, 496. Circumcision, sign of covenant, 56; law of, figure of Baptism, 57; of St. John the Baptist, 265; of Jesus, feast of the, 274. Commandments, sixth, 58 ; fourth, 94; ten, given on Mount Sinai, 126,127,128,129,130, 131 ; second, of Church, 136, 291; fourth, 179, 208; eighth, 184, 323; fifth, eighth, and ninth, 225 ; first, 256, 486. Samaritan woman sins against sixth, 299; “ peacemakers ” keep fifth, 315 ; self-denial necossary to keep the, 324; fifth, forbids scandal, 364 ; of the love of God and our neighbor, 367, 368; first three, forbid sins against God, 368 ; fifth and seventh, forbid sins against neighbor, 369, 390; Scribes and ancients sin against socond, 440; sin against first, 486. Communion, holy, 120; what takes place at, 418; of the priest, 419. Confession, why necessary, 375 ; “ Go show thyself to tho priest,” 385, 386; good, 412, 433, 455; Jesus Christ insti¬ tutes, 455. Confirmation, Sacrament of, 381, 474; Aj>ostles administer, 475, 476 ; bishops only can adminis¬ ter, 476 ; St. Peter administers, 479; St. Paul administers, 492. Confraternity of the Holy Child- hd, 47. Conscience, examination of, 374, 375, 455. Consecration, what takes place at, 11 . Contrition, qualities of, 375, 432; kinds of, 432 ; most important part of Sacrament of Penance, 455. Constantine, Emperor, restores peace to Church, 496. Core, revolt of, 142. Corinth, 491. Cornelius, conversion of, 480, 481, 482. Corpus Christi, 137. Council, Ecumenical, 422; of Jews, 466; of Trent, 461 ; St. Stephen before, 472; of Jerusa¬ lem, 487, 488, 489 ; general, of Nice, of the Vatican, 488. Aljdiabetical Index. 502 Covenant, with Noe, sign of the, 39, 43: with Abraham, sign of the, 56, 57; Gn (jurist, 233; foretold return of Jews, 234. Darius, 231. Dathan, revolt of, 142. David, chosen King of Israel by tho Lord, his virtues, plAys on harp for Saul, 164 ; his home, 165; slays Goliath, 165, 166: reward of, his victory figure of Christ’s victory ov»r Satan, 167; Jonathan's friendship for, 167, 168, 169 ; Saul’s envy of, 169 ; his noble conduct to¬ ward Saul, 169; flees to moun¬ tains, trusts iu God, virtues of, 170 ; mourns Jonathan, 171 ; governs the people of Israel, 172 ; builds the tabernacle ou Mount Sion, 173 ; Psalms of, 172 ; prophecies about tho Re¬ deemer, 175, 176 ; sins against tho fifth and sixth Command¬ ments, 176, 177 ; repents, 177, 178; his last words and death, 179, 180; typo of Christ, 180; his preparations for tho Tem¬ ple, 186 ; Saviour born in the city of, 272 ; meekness of, 313, 355 ; “Son of David,” 355. 400 ; prophecy of, fulfilled by scourg¬ ing of Christ, 436, 447. Day, 16, 17; Lord’s day, Sunday, 18, 368 ; of Atonement, 138, 283 ; Candlemas, 277; forty days, 291; Last, 353, 480 ; holy- days, 368. Dead Sea, 150. Deacons, election of, office of, 471 ; St. Stephen first of, 472, 473, 474. Decius, 4%. Deluge, 38; rnint>ow after, 30; covenant with Noe, 39; causes of, 40; cousequonce of, end of, 41. Demetrius, incites riot against St. Paul, 492. Devil, 30; driven out by Jesus, 305 ; power of the Church to exorcise the, 305 ; Jesus cures nmn possessed by the, 336; Jesus drives dovil out of daughter of woman of Cha- naan, 355, 356. Disciples, first, of Jesus, 292, 293 ; of St. John the liuptist go to Jesus, 330, 331; Jesus tests faith of His, 354 ; Jesus sends forth His seventy-two, 366, 367; Jesus appears to two, 451, 452 ; breaks bread with, 453 ; flee from Jerusalem, 474; did uot administer confirmation, 476. Dives, parable of, aud Lazarus, 376 ; sins of, punishment, 377 ; learn from, 378. Domitlan, 495. Earth, primitive condition, 16. Easter Sunday, commemorates Resurrection, 448. Ecclesiasticus, 239 ; book of Si- rach or, written by Jesus, son of Siruch, 240; virtues recom¬ mended by, 240, 241, 242. Ecumenical Council, 422. Alphabetical Index . 503 Egypt, 86, 87, 98, 107, 109, 112, 113, 150; Benjamin in, 92, 94; Jacob goes to, 99 ; plagues of, 116, 118, 124 ; Ptolemy Phila- (lelphus of, 240; flight of the Holy Family into, 280, 281 ; re¬ ward of, 282. Elcana, Father of Samuel, 159. Eleazar, martyrdom of, 243, 244. Elias, prophet, prophesies fam¬ ine, 192; sent to King Achab, 193; goes to Sarephta, raises dead son of widow, 194; sacri¬ fice of, 195; prayer of, 196; fasted forty days, 291 ; at the Transfiguration, 361. Eliezer, servant of Abraham, 64 ; qualities of, 65. Elisous, God sends the prophet, cure of Naaman, 200; punishes Giczi, 201. Elizabeth, mother of St. John, 254; salutes Mary, 261, 262, 263; wants her son called John, 266; perseverance in prayer of, 382. Emmanuel, 214, 215. Emmaus, 451. Eneas, 479. Ephesus, Timothy, bi9hop of, 490; St. Paul goes to, opposition to him in, 491, 492; St. John, bishop of, 494. Ephraim, 101. Esau, sou of Isaac, 66; favorite of Isaac, first-born, rights of, 67; folly of, 67, 68 ; hatred of Jacob, 70; Jacob’s fear of, 74 ; his hatred is overcome by Jacob, 77. Eadras, 236. Esseues, sect of Jews, 249, 250. Esther, saves the lives of Jews at Babylon, 236; virtue and beauty of, influence of, 237; Aman opposes, 237, 238; type of the Blessed Virgin, 239. Eve, creation of, meaning of word, 25; temptation, 26; how and to what tempted, 27; blame of, 32 ; blame of serpent by, punishment of, 33; God first promised a Redeemer to Adam and, 31. Extreme Unction, Sacrament of, 381. Ezechias, piety of King, 217; enemy of King, prayer of, re¬ ward, 218. Faith, of Abraham, qualities of, 50, 51; sins against, 256 ; little, of disciples, 342; of Roman centurion, 327 ; the foundation of justification, 332; grace of, received in Baptism, 358 ; of blind man, 379 ; qualities of, 379, 380; without works, 406; St. Peter denies, 431 ; St. Thomas’s lack of, 456 ; univer¬ sal, 452 ; Church cannot err in, 489. Faithful, Jesus prays for union among, 423 ; prayer of the, for Peter, 483. Fall of our first parents, 26. Father, God the, gives testimony of the divinity of Jesus, 360 ; Jesus says : “ I and tho Father are one,” 388 ; Jesus prays for glory with the, 423; “Father, into Thy hands I commend My Spirit,” 443; “ I ascend to My Father,” 450. Feast, Paseh or Passover, Pen- tocost, Tabernacle, Corpus Christi, 137; Annunciation, 260; of tho Circumcision, 274; of Candlemas. 277; of Holy In¬ nocents, 281; principal, of the Jews, 283; of St. John tho Baptist, 349; of tho Guardian Angels, 22, 364; of the Dedica¬ tion of the Temple, 388; mar¬ riage feast, symbol of union be¬ tween Christ und His Church, 401; of the Ascension, 461; of Pentecost, 464; of St. Stephen, 474. Fiery furnace, three young men in the, 227; virtues of the young men, 228. Firmament, 16. First-born, killing of the, 118, 119, 121. Fish, caught for Temple tribute, 363; miraculous draught of fishes, 457. Gabriel, announces birth of St. John and strikes Zachary dumb, meaning of word Ga¬ briel, 256; foretells the birth of Jesus, 257, 258, 259. Galilee, 258; Cana in, 294; Jesus preaches in, 302; Sea of, Jesus preaches from boat on Sea of, 306; Jesus commands St. Peter 504 Alphabetical Index to cast net on Sea of, 307; mi¬ raculous draught of fishes in Hon of, 306, 307; Herod, gover¬ nor of, 434. Gamaliel, counsel of, 469, 470, Gotleon, most renowned of tho judges, 154; type of Christ 155. Golboe Mountains, 219. “ Generation,” tho Jewish,people, 405. Genesareth, I^ake of, 357; mirac¬ ulous draught of Ashes on, 306, 307; Lak<- of, ilgure of the world, 307; Jesus preaches on, parable of the Sower, 337, 338. Gentiles, 217 , 396, 454; Word of God to the, 240; Just before birth of Christ, 249,250; tiimoon calls Christ n light to, 257; Simeon’s prophecy, 276 ; St. Paul preaches to tho, 485; do not have to keep Jewish Iaw, 487, 488. Giesti, lies to Eliseus and Naa- mnn, 201. God, eternal, 15; almighty, Cre¬ ator, 16; “God rested, pre¬ serves, governs, 18; infinitely perfect spirit, why. 20; all-just, 21; image of, 23; truthful, 29; mercy of, 32; justice of, faith¬ ful, 33: mercy and forbearance, 35; children of, 3*; His cove¬ nant with Noe, 39, 43; His promise to Abrahum, 49; Abra¬ ham's lovo of, 62; satisfied with good will, His third promise of a Redeemer, 63; His promise t ■ Jac<'1'. 72; all-wis •. 109; re¬ veals Himself to Moses, 112; all-good, 113 ; long-suffering, 117; justice of, 119; gooduess, 122, 123; Church of, 140; pre¬ pares heathen for Redeemer, 194, 236; Word of, to tho Gen¬ tiles, 240; how we adore, 302; all-merciful, almighty, omnis¬ cient, 310; “justice of,” 322; Christ is, 329; judgment-seat of, 345 ; Jesus recommends confidence in, 347; command¬ ment of the love of, 367, 368; His justice, 376; patient and long-suffering, 384 ; three Persons in, 388, 389 ; riches turn men’s hearts from, 391; worship we owe, 403 ; despair of, His mercy, 432; Jesus the Hon of, 429, 443; Resurrection proves Christ Hon of, 447 ; guided early Church, 481; altar at Athens to the “unknown,” 491. Goliath, tho Philistino giant, 165; challenges Israelites, 166; Ihivid slavs, 1 1H1. Good Friday, 444. Gospel, Gentiles receive, with joy, 485, 491. Graco, 301, 407; sanctifying, 29, 322, 326, 838, 372. 402. 4ns , mortal sin kills sanctifying, 323; sins ugninst, 336 . 337; act¬ ual, 300, 372, 407; of God, 338 ; of God resisted, 379, 384; every ono gives sufficient, 384 ; co¬ operating with, 392, 408, 496; i. Judas re¬ sists, 427; power of, shown by conversion of Ht. Paul, 477,478. < »r* < '2. Greek, Old Testament translated into, 239, the Soptuagint, 240. Hadrian, 495. Handwriting on wall, 2:10, 231. Huran, 49; home of Abraham’s brother, 65, 299. Heuveu, lot of just In, 410, 424. Hebrew, 108; Old Testnmont translated from, into Greek. 239. Hell, wicked sons of, 159; punish¬ ment of, 160, 161. Hell, limbo, 80; Dives cast into, 377-; jutins of, 377, 378 ; fate of damned in, 410. Herod, 150; King of the Jews uuder Romans, 250; tho Great, Herod Anti^is, Herod Agrippa I., Herod Agripjsi II., 253; Herod’s plans ugaiust the Holy Child, 278, 279, 280; commands slaughter of Innocents, 281; death of, 282; Ht. John ail mon¬ ishes Herod, 330; beheads Ht. John the Baptist, 348; sins of, 348, 349 ; Jesus before, 434 ; Herod Agrippa intends to put Ht. Peter to death, 482; God frustrates Herod’s plan, pun¬ ishment of, 483. Holofernos, 219, 220. Holy Communion. 120; food for the soul, 355, 400; Christ dis¬ tributes, to Apostles at Last Supper, 416. Alphabetical Index. 505 Holy Eucharist, 120, 125, 381, 445, 453 ; miracle of loaves and fishes, figure of, 350; mystery of the, revealed, 351; feast for sinner, 376; sacrament and sacrifice, 415, 416, Holy Family, in Egypt, 282; in Jerusalem, 283. Holy Ghost, 128, 455; sin against, 40; power of the, upon Mary, 259, 260 ; reveals mystery of Mary’s honor to Elizabeth, 261, 262, 263; Jews sin against the, 336, 394, 395; the six sins against the, 336, 337; reveals Redeemer to Simeon, 276; de¬ scends in form of a dove at the baptism of Jesus, 290 ; Judafl Bins against, 420; the Paraclete, 422 ; Jesus promises to send, 459, 460 ; descends upon Apos¬ tles, 463 ; still with Church, 464 ; Jews resist, 472, 473; re¬ ceived in Confirmation, 475, 476; inspires Cornelius, 480; inspires councils of Church, 488, 489. Holy Innoceuts, slaughter of, feast of, 281. Holy Orders, sacrament of, 381, 484. Holy Trinity, 389. Holy Week, Lamentations sung in, 223: commemorates Passion of Our Lord, 396. Iconium, St. Paul and St. Barna¬ bas at, 485, 486. Idolaters, 47. Idolatry, universal, 45; of Israel¬ ites, 49, 204 ; of golden calf, 129; Daniel shows folly of, 231; of heathens, 250; of people of Iconium, 486. Immaculate Conception, 31. Incarnation, first revealed to Mary and Elizabeth, 268 ; re¬ vealed to St. Joseph, 268, 269; Mary became our mother at, 265. Infallibility, 421, 422; denial of St. Peter not against his, 431; of General Councils, 489. Intention, good, 404. Isaac, 102, 103, 107, 112, 327 ; son of Abraham, to be sacrificed, 61, 62 ; type of Christ, 63 ; marries Rebecca, wife of liis own coun¬ try and kindred, 64 ; sons of, 66 ; Esau favorite son of, first¬ born, 67 : type of Jesus carry¬ ing His cross, 438. Isaias, prophecies of, concerning the Redeemer, 214, 215, 216, 217 ; Jesus reads passage from, 303 ; prophecy of, fulfilled, 378, 435, 436, 437. Israel, 276 : people of, 46 ; history of, father of, land of, 48 ; the angel calls Jacob “Israel,” 77 ; peoplo of, in Egypt, 107, 112, 114 ; Saul made king of, 162 ; greatness of, 172; division of kingdom of, 190; capital of, king of, 191 ; Elias prophesies drought for, 193; miracle of Elias, 196 ; final overthrow of kingdom of, 204, 205, 206; ruler in, 211, 271, 278; Nathanael calls Jesus King of, 294 ; Jesus praises the faith of the cen¬ turion as greater than any in, 327 ; Gamaliel appeals to men 11, for ajHtat 168, 170. Israelites, 107, 110 ; depart from Egypt, 118; and the paschal lamb, 119,120 ; led through Red Sea, 121,122,123 ; in the desert, 124, 125, 126 ; receive ten Com¬ mandments, 127, 128; golden calf of, 129, 130 ; tabernacle of, 131, 132, 133, 134 ; spies of, 140, 141 ; murmur against God, 144; punishment of, 145; Moses admonishes the, 148 ; Moses promises the Israelites a great prophet, a Redeemer, 149; enter the Promised Land, 151, 152 ; infidelity of, 153; Samuel brings back to faith, 161 ; Solomon governs the, 181 ; vices of the, 204 ; Tobias in the captivity of, 205 ; forty years in desert, 291; manna of, figure of Blessed Sacrament, 414. Jacob, 103, 112, 146, 147, 327 ; son of Isaac, 66; favorite son of Rebecca, 67; deceives Isaac, 68, 69; flight of, why, fear of Esau, 70 ; punishment of, lone¬ liness of, 71 ; vision of, ladder of, God’s promise to, 72 ; meets Rachel, 73 ; with Laban, his re¬ ward, his return, 74; asks Esau’s forgiveness, prays, 50G Alphabetical Index. qualities of his prayer, 75; wrestling with an angel, 76; overcomes Esau’s hatred, sons of, 77 : Joseph, favorite son of, 78 ; his grief for Joseph, 80 ; the sons of, in Egypt, 89, 90, 91 ; sends Benjamin to Egypt, 92; returns Joseph’s money, why, 93; goes into Egypt. 99, 100 ; prophesies Juda s rule, 101 ; is mourned in Egypt, 102; his descendants in Egypt, 107 ; God’s promise to, 113: his promise to Juda being fulfilled, j66j fulfilment of prop).y .-f, to Juda, 250 ; well of, 299. Jairus, daughter of, raised by Jesus, 344. 896. Japheth, virtues of, 44; descend¬ ants of, 46. Jealousy, of Joseph’s brothors, 79 ; sin of, 81. Jeremtas, Lamentations of, 223 ; foretold return of Jews, 234 ; Jews think Jesus is, 357. Jericho, taking of, 152; Jesus visits Zacheus nt, 39G, 397. Jeroboam, King of Israel, 191; punishment of, 192. Jerusalem, 1H6, 235, 453, 460, 479, 4'.'3 ; capital of Jod&, 191 ; Micheas prophesies destruc¬ tion of, 211 ; Nabucbodonosor takes, 222 ; Jeremlas describes destruction of, 223, near Beth¬ lehem, 270 . Magi I'M 1 t". 278; Mary and Joseph go up to, 283; Jesus remains in, jv:, jh4 ; Sa¬ maritans tried to prevent build¬ ing of. 300, 370 ; Jesus goes to, 396 ; Jesus enters, in triumph, 398, 399; Jesus foretells the destruction of, 399, 405 ; Jesus weens over, 400 ; figure of hard¬ ened sinner, 400 ; destruction of, 405 ; Council of, 487, 488, 489 ; 8t. James, bishop of, 488 ; St. Paul goes t", MS; St. Sim¬ eon, bishop of, 495. Jesse, 215. Jesus, 147, 214; prophecies of Isaias concerning, 215 ; Gabriel announces the birth of, to Mary, 257 ; ringing of the Ange- lus reminds us of Incarnation of, 260 ; born in stable in Beth¬ lehem, 268, 269, 270, 271 ; mean¬ ing of word, 269 ; birth of, cel¬ ebrated, 271 ; birth of, an¬ nounced to shepherds, 272; *' Princo of Peace,” 273 ; cir¬ cumcision of, 274 ; presentation of, in the Temple, 274, 275; Simeon recognizes the Re¬ deemer, 275, 276; in tho Temple, 283 ; finding of, in tho Temple, 284 ; answer of, 284 ; 285; subject to His parents, 285, 286 ; cures tho man who was blind and deaf, 336 ; preaches on tho Lako of Geno- saroth, gives parable of tho sower, 337, 338 : in the tempest, 342, 343; heals woman afflicted with an issuo of blood and raises daughter of Jairus, 343, 344 , 345; appears to disciples on tho way to Emmaus, 451 ; baptises by fire, 287 ; baptism of, 289, 290 ; first disciples of, 294; first Apostle of, 293, 294 ; first miracle of, at Cana, 294, 295, 296 ; drives the money¬ changers from the Templo, 296, 297 ; seeks NIcodemus, 296,298 ; at the well of Jaoob, 299 ; talks with Samaritan woman, 300, 301 ; sermon of, at Nazareth in Galilee, 302, 303 ; cures the nurnlytic at Capharnaum, 308, 309, 310 ; preaches tho sermon on tho Mount, 311-325: preaches irinciples of Christian morality u the eight beatitudes, 311 ; poor in spirit, 312 ; meek and humble, 313 ; tells us not to be¬ come attached to “treasures ou earth,” 321, 322 ; condemns rash judgment, 322 ; cures tho leper, 325, 326 ; meets the Ro¬ man centurion, 326 ; praises the faith of the centurion and cures his servant, 327 ; raises the son of the widow of Naim, 328, 329 ; 8t. John sends his disciples to, 330, 331 ; pardons Mary Magda¬ len, 331, 332; cures the man who had been sick for thirty- eight years, 333, 334; recom¬ mends confidence in God, 347 ; miracle of the loaves and fishes, 349, 350; goodness of, 350; walks upon the waters and stills the storm, 351 ; promises to give the Jews food that will never perish, 352, 353; tests Alphabetical Index. 507 disciples, 354; fulfils promise and institutes Blessed Sacra¬ ment, 355 ; promises St. Peter the keys to the kingdom of Heaven, 357, 358, 359 ; Trans¬ figuration on Mount Thabor, 360, 3G1; prophesies the Resur¬ rection, 362 ; pays the Temple tribute, 362, 363; blesses the little children, warns Apostles against scandal, 363, 364 ; sends forth His disciples, 366, 367; proclaims the commandments of love of God and of our neighbor, 867, 868; relates the parable of the Good Samaritan, 368, 369 ; consures Martha, 370; praises Mary, 371 ; relates the parable of the Good Shepherd and the lost sheep, 371, 372; the parable of the Prodigal Son, 373, 374, 375 ; gives sight to the man born blind, 378,379,380; teaches the apostles the Our Father, 381 ; cures the ten lepers, 385 ; at the Feast of the Dedication of the Temple re¬ veals His divinity, 388, 389; meets the rich young man, 389, 390, 391; raising of Lazarus prctof of divinity of, 393, 394, 395; foretells His Passion and Death, 395, 396 ; enters the house of Zacheus, 397 ; anoint¬ ed by Mary Magdalen, 397,398; enters Jerusalem in triumph and foretells its destruction, 398,399; weeps over Jerusalem, 400 ; predicts unfaithfulness of Jewish people in parable of the Marriage Feast, 400, 401; Scribes and Pharisees ask Him about the coin of tribute, 402, 403 ; praises widow’s mite, 404; foretells destruction of Jeru¬ salem, 405 ; keeps the Feast of the Paschal Lamb and washes the feet of the Apostles,411,412; institutes the Blessed Sacra¬ ment at Last Supper, 413-419; foretells the betrayal by Judas, 419, 420; foretells the denial of St. Peter, 420, 421, 430; bids farewell to Apostles, 420, 421, 422, 423 ; gives the parable of the vine, 423 ; agony of, in the garden, 424, 425, 426 ; taken prisoner in the garden, 426, 427 ; is denied three times by St. Peter, 430, 431, 432 ; accusa¬ tions against, before Pilate, 433, 434; scourged, crowned with thorns, and condemned to death, 435, 436, 437 ; meets His Mother on way to Calvary, 439; carries His cross and is cruci¬ fied, 438, 439 ; speaks the seven last words and dies on the cross, 439-444; is laid in the sepulchre, 444, 445, 446 ; side of, is pierced by soldier, 444 ; rises glorified from the dead, 446 ; appears to Mary Magda¬ len, 449, 450, 451 ; appears to St. Peter, 450 ; makes St. Peter supremo pastor, 457,458, 459; promises to send Holy Ghost, 459, 460 ; ascends into heaven, 461; gives Apostles and their successors threefold office, 460 ; St. Stephen prays to, 473; disciples of, flee from Jerusalem, 474. Josus, son of Sirach, Ecclesiasti- cus, 240. Jesus Christ, 31 ; types of, see under Christ; miracles of, see under Christ; priests act in name of, 143 ; prophecy of Moses, 149 ; true God, 214 ; the Sower, 337, 338; alone can save us, 341 ; the kingls son, 400, 401; in the parable of the tal¬ ents, 406, 407 ; institutes Sacra¬ ment of Penance and Confes¬ sion, 455; St. Peter cures a lame man in the name of. 465, 466 ; St. Paul preaches of, at Athens, 490, 491. Jethro, 111. Jews, 233 ; Cain, figure of, 37; Babylonian captivity of, 222; return of, from Babylonian cap¬ tivity, 234; Esther saves, at Babylon, 236, 237, 238, 239 ; Antiochus oppresses the, 243; just before birth of Christ, 249, 250, 251; census of, under Au¬ gustus, 269, 270 ; sin against Holy Ghost, 336, 337 ; dispute between, and Samaritans, 301; of Nazareth refuse to believe in Jesus, 303, 304; Jesus foretells the lack of faith of the, 327; blame Jesus for curing a man on the Sabbath, 334; wish to make 508 Alphabetical Index. Christ king, 350 ; doubt Christ. 352, 353; Messlas promised first to, 350 ; think Jesus ono of the prophets, 357; Jesus asks about Temple tribute, 362. 363; did not bring forth fruits of penance, 3*4; Jesus reveals ills Divinity to, 3*8; trv to stone Jesus, 3*9 ; some Jews believe in Jesus, 395 ; punish¬ ment of, 401 ; demand the death of Jesus, 430; choose between ltarabbas and Christ, 435; cry “Crucify Him," 437 ; ask for a guard over sepulchre, 446 ; Ht. Peter preaches to, 454 ; Church not ouly for, 475 ; cast 8t. Peter into prison, 4*2 ; refuse to listen to 8t. l*aul, 4*5, 4*6. Jewish, people, 109 ; Temple, 1*6, 1*7, 1*9; nation saved by Ju¬ dith, 219 ; sects, 219,250 ; prin- ci|Nil blasts, 2*3; p«M>plo un¬ faithful to call of Mesa las, 400, 4<»1 . priest, Josephus FluVlU*, 405, 494 ; Law, Jesus obedient to, 411; priests. 466; I^iw. heathens converted indopend- eat of, 4*0, 4*7, 4**. JeXabol, sius of, 19*. 199. Joaeliiin, father of lik**Hcd Vir¬ gin, 258. Job, riches of, 103 ; a fillet Ions ami trials of, 101; |*ttlencoand faith of, 105 ; reward of, 106 ; poor iu spirit, 312; leprosy of, 325. Juab, 171. Joel and Mioheas, prophets to Judu, 210, 211 John the Ajtostlo, 293, 361. Jonas, sin of, (mhI oommauds him to go to Niuive, is pun¬ ished, 202, 203; God’s inorey to, tho whale casts up, converts tho Ninivites, a type of Christ, 203; a typo of lies ur root ion, 447. Jouuthan, who was, love and friendship of, for David, 167, 16* ; saves David, 169 ; death of, 171. Joppe, 479. Jordan, river, 52 ; Josuo leads Israelites through the, 151, 152 ; Jesus baptized iu tho, 289, 290, 360. Joseph, sold by his brothers, 77 ; tho favorito, his dreams, 78, 79; jealousy of his brothers, 79 ; type of Christ. *1, 98 ; in tho house of Putiphar, 82, 83; in prison. 84. 85 ; interprets dreams of Plmrao, 86, 87 ; his reward, 88 : his brothers oorno to Kgypt, 89 ; sends for Ben¬ jamin, 90; tests his brothers with money,91 ; virtues of, 92 ; greet* benjamin, 94 ; his sil¬ ver cup, 96, 96 ; makes him¬ self known to his brothers, 97 ; asks his father and brothers to come to Egypt, 98; honors his father, 100 ; prophesies re¬ turn to (’barman, bis death, 102. Joseph of Arlmathoa. 415. Josephus Flavius, 406, 494. Judu, 79, 96; Jacob prophesies bis nils, lot, IQS ■ I rit •> of, at Itotblchcm. 165; promise to, being fulfilled, 165; loyal to llolsmin, capital of klugdom of, 191 ; J'H'l preaches to peo¬ ple of, 210; Mlchens preoebe* to, 211 ; Idolatry and punish¬ ment of |su**c.h from, 253. Judas Muchabeu*, 246; bravery ami faith of, 247, 24*; offers sacrifice for those fallen iu battle, 248. Judas Iscariot, avarice of, 397, 398; Jesus foretells betrayal of, at Lust Supper, 419; sins aguinst Holy Gbost, 420 ; Jesus up|s*al« to, 427 ; consequence of his resistance to grace, 427 ; despair and death of, 432. Judea, 311, 460 ; Jews return to, 234 ; under Antiochus, king of Syria, 243 ; under Homans, 249, 250 ; Herod the Great, king of, 253 ; the A|*>stles go through, 348 ; disciples in, 474. Judge, at tho Last Judgment, 409, 410. Judges, the, sent to deliver the Israelites, 153, 154; Gedeou, 164, 18 ■ Judgment, j»articular, 81; rash, 83, 104 ; particular, of the soul, *j : > i : Christ oondemus nab, 322, 323 ; last, 334, 408, 409, 410; general or last, and tho par- Alphabetical Index. 509 tlculftr, 335, 405 ; seat of God, 345, 407 ; rash, of Pharisee, 387. Judith, pious widow, saves Jews, 219, 220 ; typo of Blessed Virgin, 221 . Jupiter, 486. Josuo, 140 ; successor of Moses, 147 ; the Lord encourages, 151 ; loads Israelites through tho Jordan, 151 ; typo of Christ, 153 ; death of, 153. Laban, 70 : brother of Rebecca, sou of Bathuel, 71; his kiud- noss to Jacob, 73 ; jealousy of, 74. Lamb, Paschal, 118, 119; type of Christ, 120; tho “ Lamb of God,” 292 ; eating of Paschal, 411. Land, 17. Last Suppor, 458, 460; Blessed Sacrament instituted at, 855, •113. 414; Jesus Christ the Priest, at, 416 ; Our I^rd makes Apostles priests at, 417 ; Jesus foretells betrayal by Judas at, 41 g j'j,) Law, 472 ; tables of the, 132; Old, Now, and priesthood, 139; Moses law-giver of Old, Christ of New, 150 ; priesthood of New, 212; read publicly by Esdras, 236 : martyrdom of Eleazar for tho, 244 ; of the Old Testament, Jesus acknowledges, 274 ; wor¬ ship of Old, of Now, 302; Christ as Law-giver of New Testa¬ ment fulfils and perfects Old, 318, 319; Jesus explains the two great Command incuts to tho doctor of, 367, 368 : Jewish, about lepers, 385; Jesus obe¬ dient to Jewish, 411 ; love-feast of Old, 419 ; Old, passes, New, begins, with death of Christ, 443 ; Gamaliel, doctor of, 469, 470 ; Jewish, not binding for Christians, 480, 487. Lazarus, 312 ; parable of Dives and, 376 ; reward of, 377 ; learn from, 378 ; raising of, 393, 391, 395. Lent, 203; commemorates Pas¬ sion of Jesus, 396. Leper, Christ cures the, 325, 326 ; Jesus cures the ten, one only is grateful, 385, Leprosy, Naaman cured of, by Eliseus, 200; Ozias stricken with, 213 ; worst affliction the devil could give to Job, 325; flguro of sin, 326, 385. Lesbos, 493. Levitcs, tribo of Levi, 138; chosen by David to sing hymns, 174. Light, 16. Limbo, 80, 285 ; Christ doscouds to, 448. Lord’s Day, 19. Lot, dispute of his herdsmen, 51 ; Abraham gives, his choice of land, 52 ; punishment of his selfishness, 53; ho and his family spared, 58; temporal punishmont of his wifo, 60. Luke, 490. Lydda, 479. Lystra, 490. Macedonia, St. Paul goes to, 489, L92. Maehabeos, martyrdom of, 214, 245 ; mother of, 2 15. Madian, 110, 111 ; Gedeon com¬ manded to deliver tho Israelites from the, 154. Magnificat, 337 ; Mary answers Elizabeth with the, 263; divided into throe parts, 264. Malchus, Jesus heals tho car of, after Peter cut it ofT, 426, 427. Magi, adoration of tho, 277; what led them to Jerusalem, Herod aud the, 278 ; gifts of the, 279 ; their return, angel warns them against Herod, 280, 281. Man, creation of, 23 ; gifts of, name, Adam, 24; first sin, 26. Mane, 230, 231. Manasses, 101. Manna, 125 ; flguro of Blessed Sacrament, 414. Marcus Aurelius, 495. Mardochai, uncle of Queen Es¬ ther, 237 ; accused of conspir¬ acy, 238. Marriage, by whom instituted, when, not to bo dissolved, 25; sanctified by Christ, a sacra¬ ment, 26 : mixed marriages, 64 ; Christian preparation for, 208, 209 ; parable of tho Marriage Feast, 400, 401, 406. Martha and Mary, receive Jesus in their home, 370,371; Martha 510 A \ph abet ical T ri dcx professes her belief in Him, 304. Mary* Virgin, victory of. exoop- tion from original sin. Immac- ulate Conception, 31 ;ark figure of, 41 ; Judith typo of, 221 ; Es¬ ther tyj*o of, 239; Gabriel an¬ nounce* birth of Jesus to, 257, 258, 259 ; belonged to house of David, 258. free from sin, 259; visits her cousin Kllrabeth, 261 ; anawera Elisabeth with tho Magnificat, 263; declared llleaaed, 336, 337 ; and Joseph present the Infant Jeaua in tne Temple, 274 , 275 ; prophecy of Simeon about Jeaua and, 276; flight into Egypt, 2*0; and Jo. aeph go up to Jeruaalem for Easter, 2*3 ; Mary * aorrow at loaing Jesus, 2*4. 285 ; at mar¬ riage' feaat of ('ana, 294. 295, 296 ; uieeta Jeaua on way to Calvary, 439 ; at the Croaa, 439, 441, 442; help* to bury Jeaua, 445. Mary Magdalen, tho |»>nitcnt, men t<* J- til. 352 ; anoint* Jesus, 397 ; Jeaua de¬ fend*, against Judos, 398; at the crucifixion, 439 ; Jeaua np- i arnra to, 451. [aster,” 450; dh*d on croaa. 451. Muaa, sacrifice of M>4chiscdsch type of, what Moan ia, the New Law, 55; Ob! Law sacrifices tyne of, 136, 139 ; what ia the, 417 ; difference between, and Sacrifice of the Cross, |«urt* of, 418 ; why Jesus instituted, 419; deacous’assist at solemn High, 471. Mutbatbias, father of Judas Machabeus, 247. Matrimony, Sacrament of, 381. Mixenttoi, 4M Modes and Persians, 231. Mediterranean Sea, 479. Melchisedech, 51, 175; who he was, sacrifice of, type of Christ, 54. Men, multiplication of sins of, eons of, children of, 38. Mercury, 486. Morey, works of, corporal works of, 54, 300, 314, 315; Tobias’ works of, 205; spiritual works of. 314 : corporal, 328 ; spirit¬ ual, 330; of Jesus to Mary Magdalen, .Til. 832, 333 ; of God to St. Paul, 477, 478: reward of woi k» of. 480. Mess la*. 136, 314. 301 ; Ruth and IWx.r, ancestors of, 157, 158; prophecy of David concerning, 175 . time for, at hand, 254 ; St. John taken for the, 288: 8f. John recognise# Jesus as, 289; Philip and Nathanael recognise Jesus as, 2tM : Jews refuse to believe in, 303. 804 ; prophecies concerning, fulfilled, 303: St. John sends disciptea to Jesus to M*e if He is the, 330, 331; Jews think Messios must ben powerful worldly prince, 350, 357; promised first to Jews, 356 ; Pharisees refuse to believo Jesus, 879 ; Jesus enters Jeru¬ salem In triumph as the. 39*: Jewish people unfaithful to call of, 400, 401 ; Pharisees want to destroy faith In, 446; sufTeriug and death of, 452. Messianic Psalms, 174, 175. Mc*n|«}tnmia, 65. Mirheits, and Joel, prophets to Judu. tin. 211 . prophecy of, 271, 278. Miletus, St. Paul’s departure from, 493. Miracle, of Moses in tho desert, 125 ; Jesus cures blind and deaf man, 336 ; Jesus stills the tem- |>cst, 343; daughter of Jairus raised to life, 344 ; of Caua, 294, 295, 296 ; at Nazareth, 304 ; miracles ut Capharnauui, 305, 3lK>. of the fishes on the Sea of Galilee, 306, 307 ; cure of tho paralytic, 308, 309, 310 ; Jesus raises the son of the widow of Naim, 328, 329; at pond of liethsaida, 334; of the loaves and flshe*, 319, 350; J**>us walks upon the waters urn! commands Peter to do so, stills the storm and lands the boat, 351 ; Christ pays Temple trib¬ ute, 362; miracles at death of Christ, 443; St. Peter cures a lame man, 465, 466 ; miracles of St. Peter, 479 ; God leads Peter out of prison by a, 4M3; duriug St. Paul’s imprisou- Alphabetical Index 511 raont, 490 ; miracles of St. Paul, 492, 493. Misael in the fiery furnace, 227. Moabites, 146. Moon, 17. Moral virtues, 387. Moria, Mount, 186, 438. Moses, 294; birth of, 107 ; find¬ ing of, meaning of word, 108; flight of, 109 ; God reveals Him¬ self to, the burning bush, 111, 112 ; objects to the mission to which God called him, 113, 114, 115; proves his mission, 116; commands the wators of tho Red Sea, 122 ; in tho desert, 125,126 ; receives the ten Com¬ mandments, 129 ; destroys the golden calf, 130 ; erects 'taber¬ nacle, 131, 132, 133 ; regulates divine worship, 134, 135, 136, 138 ; sends spies into Chanaan, 140, 141, 142; doubt of, 143; punishment of, 144 ; makes tho brazeu sorpont, 145; apjtoints successor, death of, 147; his farewell, 148, 149, 150 ; type of Christ, 150; at the trausllguru- • Mother, of Our Lord, Jeremias’ Lamentations, 228; Elizabeth greets Mary as, 262, 263 ; Jesus seta His, on way to Calvary, 439. Mount, Sermon on tho, 311-325. Murder, Cain and Abel, 36. Mysia, 489. Naaman, cured of leprosy by Eliseus, 200, 201. Naboth, 198 ; Jezabel has him put to death, 199. Nabuchodonosor, takes Jerusa¬ lem, 222 ; has three youths cast into the fiery furnace, 227 ; rec¬ ognizes the miracle and for¬ bids blasphemy against tho God of Ananias, Misael, and Aza- rias, 229. Naohor, 71. Naim, Jesus raises the son of tho widow of, 328, 329, 395. Nathan, reprimands David, 177. Nathanael, hails Jesus as Son of God, 294. Nazareth, 181; home of Mary, 258; return of Holy Family to, 280, 282; Jesus returns to, and is subject to His parents, 285; Jesus about to leave, 295 ; Jesus preaches at, 302,303, 304; Mount Thabor near, 360 ; Jesus Christ of, 465. Nebo, Mount, 150. Nero, 495. New Year’s Day, Feast of the Circumcision, 274. Nice, Council of, 488. Nicodemus, Christ socks, 296, 298 ; Christ tenehos, 298 ; holps to bury Christ, 445. Nile, 86. Ninive, 202. Niuivites, 202, 203. Noe, covenant with, ark, 39 ; liv- ingcreatures ho took, 40 ; leav¬ ing the ark, sacrifice of, sign of his covenant, tyj>e, 41-45 ; sons of, mistake of, 44; his blessing, his curse, 45; his descendants and Tower of Babel, scattering of descendants, blessing and curso of. fulllUed, 46 ; descond- nuts of, 47. Noeini, who she was, 156; virtues of, reward of, 157 ; asks Ruth to depart, 157. Offertory, 418. Officer of Queen of Ethiopia con¬ verted. 476. Olivet, Mount, 370; agony of Jesus on, 424, 425. Order, goods of natural and su¬ pernatural, 407, 408, Orpha,daughter-in-law of Noeini, 166. Orphans, charity to, rocoui- meuded, 480. "Our Father,” thoLord’s Prayer, 381. Ozias, King, usurps the office of priest, 212; punishment of, 213. Pagans, called to Christianity, 475. Palestine, 299. Parable, seven parables of the kingdom of heaven, of tho sower, 337; of the seed and the cockle, 339; of the mustard- seed, the leaven, 340; of the treasure, the precious pearl, and the net, 341; parables of the man who built his house 512 Alphabetical Index. on rook and the one who built on sand, 324; of the unforgiv¬ ing servant, 365, 366; of the good Samaritan, 367, 363, 369, 370; of the Good Shepherd, 371, 372; of the prodigal son, 373, 374. 375, 376: of Dives and Lazarus, 376, 377: of the rich man, 382. 383: of the barren flg-tree, 383, 384; of the Pbnri- soe and the publican, 386, 387 ; of the laborers in the vineyard, 391, 392; of the marriage feast, 400, 401, 402: parnbles of the ten virgins and tho talents, 406, 407: of the vino. 423. Faraelete, Holy Ghost the. 422. Paradise, garden of, 24; heavenly, 25. Paralytic, miraculous cure of the, 308, 309. 310. Parents, fall of first, 26 ; punish¬ ment of children who do not honor their parents, reward of those who do, 45; love we owe, 81; sin against love of, 97; respect for, 100; obedience of Jesus to, 285. Paschal Lamb, 118, 444 ; sprink¬ ling with blood of, 119: how eaten, type of Christ, 120; tyj»e of the “ Lamb of God,” 292 ; Jesus eats, with the Apostles, 411. Paseh, same as Passover, 137. Fassiou, of Christ, 395; Jesus foretells His, aud death, 395. 396; Jesus scourged, crowned with thorns, and condemned to death, 435, 436, 437. Passover, Feast of, introduced by Moses, 136, 137: after cross¬ ing tho Jordan, 151; Feast of, 283. Patmos, 494. Patriarchs, 103, 107. Penance, 329, 384; Sacrament of, 142; what is, 201; St. John preaches, 2*6, 287, 288; forty days, of Niuivc, 291 ; things necessary to receive Sacrament of. worthily, 311: Sacrament of the dead, 380, 412; Christ insti¬ tutes Sacrament of, 453, 455, 456. Pentecost, 461; Feast of, intro¬ duced by Moses, 136; what is, 464. Persecutions of Christians, 495. Persia, Gulf of, 103. Persians, Medes and, 231; Kings, 236. Teter, meaning of, 294; walks upon the waters, 351; at the Transfiguration, 361 ; cuts off the ear of Malchus,426: "Thou art Peter,” 458; journeys of, 479; in prison, 482. 483. Phamo, dreams of, 86, 87, 98, 100, 112, 119, 121, 150: his army de¬ stroyed, 122 ; punishment of, 123. Phares, 231. Pharisee aud tho publican, para¬ ble. 386, 387. Pharisees, 310, 433, 446; sect of Jews, 249, 250; stubborn, 288; J**sus condemns, as hypocrites, 323; Jesus defends Mary Mag¬ dalen against tho, 332: do not believe miracles of Jesus, 378, 379; hate Jesus and plan His death, 395; try to ensnure Our Lord, 402, 403. Philippi, capital of Macedonia, 489; Bt. Paul at, 490. Philistines, Hell’s sons killed by, ark of the covenant in hands of the, 161; Goliath, the Philistine giaut, 165; Jonathan killed by the. 171. rhrygia, 489. Pilate, Jesus before, 433,434; asks Jews to choose between Ba- rabb&s and Christ, 435 ; has Jesus led before the people, 436; declares himself innocent, 437; sin of, 437; places a guard over the sepulchre, 445, 446. Pisidia, 485. Plagues, ten, of Egypt, 116, 117, 118. Pope, visible head of Church, 139; the vicar of Christ on earth are tho Popes, successors of St. Peter, 360, 412, 459: infallibility of the, 420, 421, 475; prayer lor the, 483; presides at General Councils, 487, 488. Praver.of Abraham for Sodom and Gomorrha, 59 ; of Jacob, 75 ; chief fruits of, 76: fifth petition of Lord’s, 77; of Elias, what is, 196: fruits of, 197 ; of An- tiochus unanswered, 246, 247 ; how and for whom our prayer Alphabetical Index . 513 should be, 306; how Christ says we should pray, 320; of the woman of Chanaan, 356; effects of, 362 ; Lord’s, 366, 381, 382 ; perseverance in prayer of Eliza¬ beth and Zachary and woman of Chanaan, 382 ; of Jesus, 424, 426; of St. Stephen, 473 ; of faithful for Peter, 483. Pride, 20, 21 ; of descendants of Noe, tower of Babel, capital sin, 45; of Saul, 163; of Aman, 237; of Pharisee, 386, 387. Priest, high, opposes King Ozias, 212 ; Jesus Christ priest at Last Supper, 416; Apostles made priests at Last Supper, 417; bishops and priests suc¬ cessors of Apostles in Sacrifice of Mass, 417, 418, 419; Jesus great High, 423, 425; Annas aud Caiphas high priests, 428 ; high priests threaten Pilate, 437; high priests at the cross, 439, 440 ; priests have power to forgive sins, 455 ; Jewish priests, 466 ; priests and Con¬ firmation, 476. Priesthood, of the Old Law, of the New Law, 139, 212 ; why in¬ stituted, 143. Probatica, pond of Bethsaida sometimos called, 333. Prodigal Son, parable of the, 373, 374, 375. Promised Land, 123; Moses for¬ bidden to enter, 144, 150; Is¬ raelites enter the, 151, 152, 153. Prophets, who were the, 192; Elias, 193, 194; Eliseus, 200, 201; Jonas, 202, 203; God ad¬ monished Israelites through, 204; Joel and Micheas preach to people of Juda, 210, 211; Isaias, 214, 215, 216; names given the promised Redeemer by, 214; Joremias laments Je¬ rusalem, 223; Daniel, 222-226, 230-233; last, Zacharias and Aggeus,234,235; describe Jesus as a lamb, 293; fulfilment of words of, 303; Jews take Jesus for one of the, 357; foretold about Jesus, 436. Psalms, of David, 174, 175. Ptolemy Philadelphus, 240. Publican, Pharisee and the, 386, 387 ; virtues of, 387. Punishment, temporal, 142; ai the rebels, 143; of Moses, 144’, of Israelites, 144, 145; of Heli and his wicked sons, 160,161; of Saul, 170; of Jezabel and Achab, 197,198,199; of Dives, 377, 378; of Ananias and Saphira, 467, 468, 469; of Herod Agrippa, 482, 483. Purgatory, souls in, 248; prayer for souls in, 249. Putiphar, 82; wife of, 82, 83. Rachel, 73. Rainbow, sign of covenant, 30, 43. Rages, 208. Raphael, archangel, accompanies Tobias, 206, 208; admonishes Tobias, 209, 210. Rebecca, wife of Isaac, good qualities of, 66; Jacob, favorite son of, 67 ; tempts Jacob to de¬ ceive Isaac, 68,69; punishment of, 71. Redeemer, promise of, 30; where first promised, to whom, 31; when promised, fulfilled, Ad¬ vent, prayers for, 32; promised to Abraham, 49, 50; Job’s faith in a, 105; Old Law and the, 136; Balaam’s prophecy of the, 146, 147; Moses’ prophecy, 149; prophecies of David, 175, 176; God prepares the heathen for the coming, 194; God keeps alive idea of, through Israel¬ ites, 205; prophecies of Isaias concerning the, 214, 215, 216, 217; prophecies of Zacharias and Aggeus, 234, 235; all man¬ kind sighing for the, 250: God’s first promise of a, birthplace of, foretold by Micheas, 211, 271; St. John prepares the way for the, 267; Simeon recognizes the, Simeon’s prophecy, 276; Zacheus longs to see the, 396. Redemption, graces of the, Zach¬ ary praises plan of, 267; of the world by Jesus, 443; Resur¬ rection perfects, 447, 448. Red Sea, 103; passage of the, 121, 122; figure of baptism, 123.’ Relics, honor of, of saints, relics of Eliseus, 201. Resurrection, 105, 436, 450; Dan¬ iel type of, of Christ, 233; Jesus prophesies the, 362; Jesus au- 514 A 1j)h abet ical Index thor of tho, 303; of the body. 304; Jeeus glorified by, 423; of Christ, 446, 447, 448. Easter Sunday. 448; prophecies ful¬ filled At, 447 ; Christ gives assembled Apostles proof of, 454. UoboAm, 172; oppression of poo- plo by, 190; consequence, dlvl- sion of kingdom, loyal trills, capital of Juda* 191. lloman, Augustus, emperor. 269, 270, 273; centurion, 328. 327; Paul and Silas Homan subjects, 490; persecutions under Ro¬ man cmj^n>rs, 495 Homans, Judea under, 249, 250; i mulsh the Jews, 401; destroy ••rusalem, 405. Rome, Popo Hishop of. 412; St. Paul brought to. 493, 494; St. Peter In. 403, 494. Ruben, 79. 91. Ruth, who was, 155; virtues of, 157; her answer to Noeml, 157; her reward, 158; ancestor of the Mesalas, 158, 159; her mar¬ riage, 158. Balm. Queen of, and 8o|omon, 189. Sabbath, institution of, 17; blessed,Sunday, 18. Jews blame Jo*us for curing a man on the, 334 internment, of Baptism, 123, 287; of Penance, 128. 142; of Holy Eucharist, 125, 128. 350; of the Altar, 187 ; what is a, 380. of Confirmation, 474, 475, 47G; of !!<•!>• < >rdera, 381, 484. Sacraments, miraculous rock fig¬ ure of, 125; of the dead, 329, 381; outward signs used by Jesus figure of, 380; of the living. 381. Sacred Heart, devotion to, 445. Sacrifice, ofTeriug of Cain, of Abel, 34; of Noe, 43; altar of Abraham in Chanaau, 51 ; of Melcbiaedeoh. 54: of Muss, 55; Abraham’s, 61, 62; what is n, 134; bloody aud unbloody, 135; holocaust, atonement, thanks¬ giving, petition, 135; drink, food, Old Law, 136; the highest form of worship is, 403; merit of, 404; Holy Eucharist a, 415, 416: Sacrifice of the Mass and Sacrifice of the Cross, 417, 418, 419. Sadducees, Jewish sect, 249, 250; stubborn. 288. St. Ram alias, accompanies 8t. Paul, 485, 486. St. James the Elder, 253; at the Transfiguration, 361; on Mount Olivet, 424. St. James tho I/ess, Bishop of Jerusalem, 488; Stoned to death, 494. Bt John tho Apostle, 295. 390, 444. on Mount Olivet, 424 ; at the croas, 439, 441; and St. peter before the Councit, 466; bishop of Ephesus, exile to Patmoa and death of, 494. St. John the Baptist, forerunner of Our Redeemer, 215; an angel announces the birth of, to Zachary .253. preaches penance, meaning of word M John,*' 235; birth of. 285; village of, 261; youth of. 268; name given at circumcision, opposition, why, Zachary writes name, 266: mis¬ sion of, birthday of, 267; fore¬ runner of Christ, 286; differ- cnce l-tween baptism of. and Christ’s, 287; says he Is not tho Christ, 288; humility of, 289; calls Our Lord “ Lamb of God," 292; gives testimony of Jesus, Icaemto people, 159; what word means, virtues of, 160; made prophet and judge, 161; anoints Saul king, 161 Haphira, Ananias and, 467. Kara, wife of Abraham, 56, 57. Karephta, refugo of Elias, widow of, 194. Satan, tempter, why, form of ser¬ pent, 26; punishment of, bow, seed of, victory over, 31, 123: David’s victory figure of Christ’s victory over, 167; tempts Jesus, 291, 292. Saul, made King of Israel, 162; auointod by Samuel, 163; be¬ comes proud, his disobedience, 163; punishment, 164; David replaces, 164; his hatred of David, 167; his envy of David, oath of, 168, 169; punishment and death of, 170, 171. Saul, conversion of, 477, 478; be¬ comes an Apostle of Christ and is called Paul, 478. Saviour, born in tho city of David, 272; in Nazareth, 285 : innocence and meekness of, 290; promise LY. o 80 BIRTHDAY SOUVENIR. Mrs. A. E. Buchanan. o 50 BLESSED VIRGIN, THE. Rev. Dr. Kellie. 075 BLOSSOMS OF THE CROSS. Emily Gxkhil. 125 BOOK OF THE PROFESSED. Vol. I. net, 0 75 Vol. II. net, o 60 Vol. III. net, 0 60 BOYS’ AND GIRLS’ MISSION BOOK. By the Redemptorist Fathers. 0 35 Per 100, 17 50 CATECHISM EXPLAINED, THE. Spirago-Clarke. net, 2 50 CATHOLIC BELIEF. Faa di Bruno. Paper, *0.25; 100 copies, 15 00 Cloth, *0.50; 25 copies, 7 50 CATHOLIC CEREMONIES and Explanation of the Ecclesiastical Year. Abbe Durand. 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