B lln~~-\. IV~! ~}-~ ~ "'" ~ I~ ~ 0 nc·e and h~V~~ .J ·· ..,,c1e .Engineering Library PUB. 125 SAILING DIRECTIONS (ENROUTE) * FOR THE WEST COAST OF SOUTH AMERICA * STATE UNIVERSiTYOF NEW YORK AT BUFFALO AUG 14 1991 DOCUMENTS DEPOSITORYLIBRARY 0433 * FOURTH EDITION 1990 so• 10o• 12o• 140• 16o• 1so• 160° 140• so• 6o• 40° ARCTIC OCEAN ~ARICTIC OCEAN 183 ~ 182 . 183 so• so• ~~~ 60° 126" .. \ SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN . 125 12Jp~ DE] , so• 1'• 1 .........~--,,........ ... __ --.......,... ~ Numbers in boxes f.200 I ANTARCTICA indicate Planning Guides. SAILING DIRECTION LIMlTS so• 10o• 120• 14o• 16o• 16o• 14o• 12o• 10o• so• 6o• .40• 20° o• 20° so• PUB. 125 SAILING DIRECTIONS (EN ROUTE) * FOR THE WEST COAST OF SOUTH AMERICA * FOURTH EDITION 1990 Published by the Defense Mapping Agency Hydrographic/Topographic Center For sale by authorized Sales Agents of the Defense Mapping Agency Combat Support Center DMA STOCK NO. SDPUB125 HOW TO KEEP THIS BOOK CORRECTED As initially pubii~hed, this book. contains. ~aterial based upon . inforptation available in .the. Defense Mapping Agen,cy 'Hydrographic/Topographic Center through the date given in the preface:The publication of New Editions will be announced in Notice to Mariners. Instructions fqr ordering the latest Edition will be found in CATP2Vl0, Catalog of Miscellaneous Charts and Publications. ' · In the interval between Editions,· information that may amend material in this book is published in the weekly Notice to Mariners. The Notice to· Mariners number and year can also be marked on the applicable page of the Sailing Directions. Between Editions, the Record of Ap " ' ' ,j ,, >,·· plicable Notice to Mariners in the front part of this book affords an alternative system foi: recording Notice . to Mariners numbers opposite each listed page number. The Summary of Corrections, Volume 5, contains a cumulative list of corrections for Sailing Directions from the date of publication. Reference to the Summary of Corrections should be made as required. Book owners will be placed on the Notice to Mariners mailing list on request to the Defense Mapping Agency, Office of Distribution Services, ATTN: PMSA, Washington, D.C. 20315-0010. . •·.: Pub. 125 PREFACE .;; Pub. 125, Sailing Directions (Enroute) for the West Coast of South America, Fourth Edition, 1990, is issued for use" in conjunction with Pub. 122, Sailing Directions'(Planning Guide) for the South Pacific Ocean. Companion volumes are Pubs. 126, and 127. This publication has been corrected to 17 ·March 1990, including Notice to Mariners No. l1 of 1990. EXPLANATORY REMARKS Sailing Directions are published by the Defense Mapping Agency Hydrographic/Topographic Center (DMAHTC) under the authority,of Department of Defense Directive 5105.40, dated 12 December 1988, and pursuant to the authority contained in U. S. Code Title 10, Sections 2791 and 2792 and Title 44, Section 1336. Sailing Directions, covering the harbors, coasts, and waters of the world provide information that cannot be shown graphically on nautical charts and is not readily available elsewhere. New Editions of Sailing Directions are corrected through the date of the publications shown in the preface. In the period between Editions, important information, which may amend material in the publication, is published in the weekly Notice to Mariners. The text of this publication has been computerized and printed by an automatic photo-composition process. The computer tape flle will be updated and New Editions will be printed by the same process. Sailing Directions (Enroute) include detailed coastal and port approach information which supplements the latest revised print of the largest scale chart for sale by the Defense Mapping Agency Hydrographic/Topographic Center. This publication is divided into geographic areas called "Sectors". Sector limits are shown on a chartlet following the Table of Contents. The standard format of the Sector is described below. CHART INFORMA TION.-A graphic key to the largest scale charts is included for each Sector. The chartlet has a border scale graduated to help identify the best scale chart for a place by its approximate coordinates, which are listed in the Index-Gazetteer at the back of the book. COASTAL WINDS, CURRENTS, AND ICE. -Special graphics depict coastal winds, weather, tides, currents and ice for the Sector. Under this ooncept weathe~information scattered throughout a sector ofthe Sailing Direc~ions. is given on grapbics ·to facilitate use by tt11vigators. . DANGERS~_,.AS' a rule outet ~angers are fully described, but inner · ··dangers which. are well-charted are,Jor _the most part, omitted. Numerous offshore aa,ngexs, ,grouped together, are mentioned 011ly in general ~terms. Dangers adjacent to a eoastal passage or fairway are described. COASTAL FEATURES.-It is assumed that the rnajority of ships have radar. Available coastal descriptions-and views, useful for radar and visual piloting are included in geographic sequence in each Sector. .: · ·· ANCHORAGES.-In addition to their description in geographic sequence, anchorages are listed in the Appendix by Sector and paragraph number. PORTS;-Directions for entering ports are depicted where appropriate by means of chartlets, sketches, and photos, which facilitate posi~ive identification of landmarks and navigational aids. These chartlets and sketches are not always to scale, however, and should be used only as a general informational guide in conjunction with the best scale chart. Specific port facilities are omitted from the standard format. They are tabulated in Pub. 150, World Port Index. INDEX--GAZETTEER.-Navigational features and place-names are listed alphabetically in the back of the book. The approximate position, Sector and paragraph numbers (e.g. 1.01 ), facilitate location in the text. Refer to the Chart Information graphic for the Sector, where· the largest scale chart showing the feature is depicted. GEOGRAPHIC NAMES are generally those used by the nation having sovereignty. Names in parentheses following another name are alternate names that may appear on some charts. In general, alternate names are quoted only in the principal description of the place. Diacritical marks, such as accents, cedillas, and circumflexes, which are related to specific letters in certain for~ eign languages, are not used in the interest of typographical simplicity. Geographic names or their spellings do not necessarily reflect recognition of the political status of an area by the United States Government. SOUNDINGS are referred to the datum of the charts and are expressed in meters. The equivalent in fathoms or feet follows in parentheses. Pub. 125 III PREFACE HEIGHTS are referred to the plane of reference used for that purpose on the charts and are expressed in meters. The equivalent in feet follows in parentheses. BEARINGS are true, and are expressed in degrees from 000° (north)to 360°, measured clockwise. General bearings are expressed by initial letters of points of the compass (e.g. N, NNE, NE, etc.). Adjective and adverb endings have been discarded. ·Wherever precise bearings are intended degrees are used. COURSES are true, and are expressed in the same manner as bearings. The directives "steer" and "make good" a course mean, without exception, to proceed from a point of origin along a track having the identical meridional angle as the designated course. Vessels following the directives must allow for every influence tending to cause deviation from such track, and navigate so that the designated course is continuously being made good. DISTANCES are expressed in nautical miles of l minute of latitude, or approximately 2,000 yards. Distances of less than l mile are expressed in yards or fractions of a mile. Decimals are occasionally used. · WIND DIRECTIONS are the true directions from which winds blow. CURRENT DIRECTIONS are the true direc tions toward which currents .set. LIGHT AND FOG SIGNALS are not de scribed, and light sectors are not usually defined. The Light Lists should be consulted for complete information. ,· RADIO NAVIGATIONAL AIDS and radio weather services are not described in detail. Publi cation No. 117 and NOAA Publication, Selected Worldwide Marine Weather Broadcasts should be consulted. CORRECTIVE INFORMATION.-It is re quested that the Defense Mapping Agency Hydro. graphic/Topographic Center, ·ATTN: MCNN, Washington, D.C. 20315-0030, or any of its branch offices be advised of any inaccuracy found in this publication or of additional navigational information considered appropriate for insertion. Various DMAHTC forms are available for this purpose. REFERENCE LIST The principal sources examined in the preparation of this publication were: British Hydrographic Department Sailing Directions: N.P. 6, South American Pilot, Volume II, Fifteenth Edition, 1971, Admiralty, Taunton, with Supplement No. ll of 1988. N.P. 7, South American Pilot, Volume III, Sixth Edition, 1987, Admiralty, Taunton, with Supplement No. l of 1989. N.P. 62, Pacific Islands Pilot, Volume III, Tenth Edition, 1982, Admiralty, Taunton, with Supplement No. 3 of 1988. Chilean Sailing Directions: Derrotero de la Costa de Chile, Volume I, Seventh Edition, 1988. Derrotero de Ia Costa de Chile, Volume II, Fifth Edition, 1981. Derrotero de Ia Costa de Chile, Volume III, Fifth Edition, 1982. Derrotero de Ia Costa de Chile, Volume V, Sev. enth Edition, 1987. Peruvian Sailing Directions: Derrotero de Ia Costa del Peru, Volume I, Second Edition, 1987. Derrotero de la Costa del peru, Volume II, Second Edition, 1988. Various port handbooks. Reports from United States naval and merchant vessels and various shipping companies. Other U.S. Goverpment publications, reports, and documents. · Charts, light lists, tide and current tables and other documents in possession of the Center. IV Pub. 125 CONTENTS Page How to Keep This Book Corrected ............................................................................................................ II Preface ................................................................. :................................................................................................. III Contents ................................................................................................................................................................. V Chartlet-Sector Limits ....................................................................................................,. .....,_;···························· VII Conversion Tables ........................................................................................................:.:......•............................YIII Information on Record of Applicable Notice to Mariners ···~·······················,.......L .......................... IX Glossaries .............................................................................................................................................................. 259 Appendix of Anchorages ....................................................................................................... : ....'.....................263 Index-Gazetteer .................................................................................................................................................271 Sector I Off-lying Islands and Dangers off the West Coast of South America Sector 2 Coasts of Colombia, Ecuador and Peru from Panama to Cabo Blanco ...................................... I5 Sector 3 Coast of Peru from Cabo Blanco to Arica, Chile ..........................:..................................................... 3 7 Sector 4 Coast of Chile from Arica to Punta Lengua de Vaca ........................................................................ 69 Sector 5 Coast of Chile from Punta Lengua de Vaca to Cabo Quedal ........................:........;...................... III Sector 6 Coast of Chile from Cabo Quedal to Cabo Tres Montes including the West coast of ,Isla de Chiloe and Archipielago de Los Chonos .............................................................................. I4I Sector 7 Coast of Chile including waters East of Archipielago Chiloe and Archipielago de los Chonos ................................................................................................................................................. I63 Sector 8 Coast of Chile from Cabo Tres Montes to Estrecho de Magallanes and the Patagonian Channels ................................................................................................................ : ...................20 I Sector 9 Waters South of Estrecho de Magallanes and Tierra del Fuego .................................................... 239 Pub. 125 120" uo· 100" go• so· 70° 60" o· o· 10" 10" 20" ao· • ISLA SALA-Y-GOMEZ CD ISLA SAN • FELIX ISLAS JUAN FERNANDEZ. . 20" 30" 40" 40" 50" SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN 50" 60" 120° uo· 100° go• SECTOR LIMITS-PUB. so· 125 70" 60" 60" 1250001 Pub. 125 VII CONVERSION TABLES FEET TO METERS Feet 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 0.00 0.30 0.61 0.91 1.22 1.52 1.83 2.13 2.44 2.74 10 3.05 3.35 3.66 3.96 4.27 4.57 4.88 5.18 5.49 5.79 20 6.10 6.40 6.71 7.01 7.32 7.62 7.92 8.23 8.53 8.84 30 9.14 9.45 9.75 10.06 10.36 10.67 10.97 11.28 11.58 11.89 40 12.19 12.50 12.80 13.11 13.41 13.72 14.02 14.33 14.63 . 14.93 50 15.24 15.54 15.85 16.15 16.46 16.76 17.Q7 17.37 17.68 17.98 60 18.29 18.59 18.90 19.20 19.51 19.81 20.12 2Q.42 20.73 21.03 70 21.34 21.64 21.95 22.25 22.55 22.86 23.16 23.47 23.77 24.08 80 24.38 24.69 24.99 25.30 25.60 25.91 26.21 26.52 26.82 27.13 90 27.43 27.74 28.04 28.35 28.65 28.96 29.26 29.57 29.87 30.17 FATHOMS TO METERS Fathoms 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 0.00 1.83 3.66 5.49 7.32 9.14 10.97 12.80 14.63 16.46 10 18.29 20.12 21.95 23.77 25.60 27.43 29.26 31.09 32.92 34.75 20 36.58 38.40 40.23 42.06 43.89 45.72 47.55 49.38 51.21 53.03 30 54.86 56.69 58.52 60.35 62.18 64.01 65.84 67.67 69.49 71.32 40 73.15 74.98 76.81 78.64 80.47 82.30 84.12 85.95 87.78 ·. 89.61 50 91.44 93.27 95.10 96.93 98.75 100.58 102.41 104.24 106.o7 107.90 60 109.73 111.56 113.39 115.21 117.o4 118.87 120.70 122.53 124.36 126.19 70 128.02 129.85 131.67 133.50 135.33 137.16 138.99 140.82 142.65 144.47 80 146.30 148.13 149.96 151.79 153.62 155.45 157.28 159.11 160.93 162.76 90 164.59 166.42 168.25 170.08 171.91 173.74 175.56 177.39 179.22 181.05 METERS TO FEET Meters 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 0.00 3.28 6.56 9.84 13.12 16.40 19.68 22.97 26.25 29.53 10 32.81 36.09 39.37 42.65 45.93 49.21 52.49 55.77 59.06 62.34 20 65.62 68.90 72.18 75.46 78.74 82.02 85.30 88.58 91.86 95.14 30 98.42 101.71 104.99 108.27 111.55 114.83 118.11 121.39 124.67 127.95 40 131.23 134.51 137.80 141.08 144.36 147.64 150.92 154.20 157.48 160.76 50 164.04 167.32 170.60 173.88 177.16 180.45 183.73 187.01 190.29 193.57 60 196.85 200.13 203.41 206.69 209.97 213.25 216.54 219.82 223.10 226.38 70 229.66 232.94 236.22 239.50 242.78 246.06 249.34 252.62 255.90 259.19 80 262.47 265.75 269.03 272.31 275.59 278.87 282.15 285.43 288.71 291.99 90 295.28 298.56 301.84 305.12 308.40 311.68 314.96 318.24 321.52 324.80 METERS TO FATHOMS ' Meters 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 0.00 0.55 1.09 1.64 2.19 2.73 3.28 3.83 4.37 4.92 10 5.47 6.01 6.56 7.11 7.66 8.20 8.75 9.30 9.84 10.39 20 10.94 11.48 12.03 12.58 13.12 13.67 14.22 14.76 15.31 15.86 30 16.40 16.95 17.50 18.Q4 18.59 19.14 19.68 20.23 20.78 21.33 40 21.87 22.42 22.97 23.51 24.06 24.61 25.15 25.70 26.25 26.79 50 27.34 27.89 28.43 28.98 29.53 30.07 30.62 31.17 31.71 32.26 60 32.81 33.36 33.90 34.45 35.00 35.54 36.09 36.64 37.18 37.73 70 38.28 38.82 39.37 39.92 40.46 41.01 41.56 42.10 42.65 43.20 80 90 43.74 49.21 44.29 49.76 44.84 50.31 45.38 50.85 45.93 51.40 46.48 51.95 47.03 52.49 47.57 53.04 48.12 53.59 48.67 54.13 Pub. 125 INFORMATION ON RECORD OF APPLICABLE NOTICE TO MARINERS BY AFFECTED PAGES This record may be maintained during the interval between Editions to provide a ready method of locating the Notice to Mariners correction affecting the pages to. be used during a voyage. SUGGESTED USE a. Note the latest Notice to Mariners through which this publication is corrected. The date and Notice number are indicated in the Preface. A new record will be furnished with each Edition. b. From the Sailing Directions Corrections in Section I of each Weekly Notice to Mariners, enter the week and year, of all Notice to Mariners subsequent to the date in paragraph (a) above, abreast each affected page as follows: Page NM NM NM NM 266 12/88 48/88 52/88 4/90 c. Prior to use of this publication, inspect the Table of Contents, text, and indices for the area of operations and carefully note those pages which might be used. Such pages should then be appropriately corrected or annotated for all information contained in the Notice to Mariners recorded abreast specific page numbers in the record. As with charts, only those pages actually used for reference need be corrected. Pub. 125 IX RECORD OF APPLICABLE NOTICE TO MARINERS .; J··,'·; ( Pg. NM NM NM .NM NM NM NM NM 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 I···· 19 20 21 22 ' ·r 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 . .: 34 35 36 . 37 ' ' 38 39 40 Pub. 125 " RECORD OF APPLICABLE NOTICE TO MARINERS Pg. NM NM NM NM NM NM NM NM 41 : i 42 -; 43 , I 44 45 46 47 48 49 so 51 52 53 54 ss 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 Pub. 115 XI RECORD OF APPLICABLE NOTICE' TO MARINERS Pg. NM NM NM NM NM NM NM NM 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 I 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 Pub. us XII RECORD OF APPUCABLE NOTICE TO MARINERS NM Pg. NM NM NM NM NM NM 121 122 ' 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 Pub. 125 NM \ I .XIII RECORD OF APPLICABLE NOTICE TO MARINERS Pg. NM NM NM NM NM NM NM NM 161 .<·· 162 163 --·· ; 164 165 166 167 -168 169 170 I 171 172 173 174 175 -176 177 178 179 180 181 182 -- 183 .. ,, -' .... 184 185 186 187 I 188 189 190 191 .",I -" 192 193 '' ' 194 - ,.. 195 ,. . ' .. ~ 196 ,, 197 198 ' _, 199 200 XIV Pub. 125 RECORD OF APPUCABLE NOTICE; TO MARINERS Pg. NM NM NM NM NM NM NM NM 201 202 203 -· 204 205 206 ' 207 ,, 208 209 210 211 . 212 ' 213 214 ' 215 216 217 218 219 ,,... 220 , .. 221 222 223 224 ' 225 ; 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 ' .,~ 237 . " 238 .. 239 240 Pub. 125 XV RECORD OF APPLICABLE NOTICE TO MARINERS Pg. NM NM NM NM NM NM NM NM 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 ·-~-. ··· 258 ·•·· ... 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 . ...... -. ~ 276 277 278 279 280 Pub. 125 XVI RECORD OF APPLICABLE NOTICE TO MARINERS Pg. NM NM NM NM NM NM NM NM 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 Pub. 125 SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN Isla San Amhrosio 0 Isla Sal a Y ( :umt•z Isla San r.lix GJ 22-492 Yn~l·mitt• Ruc:k ISF.F. Pl'B. 12 6 ) Podesta•Island • • Sefton Reef 22551 (PLAN) 1!1 NORTH o· PACIFIC GENERAL CHART 62 ,. INSET Additional chart coverage may be found· in CATP2, Catalog of Nautical Charts. SECTOR 1 CHART INFORMATION WINDS-WEATHER.-The weather is never good for more than a few days at a time at Isla de Pascua. Ships anchoring off the island should be ready to sail on short notice. There are abrupt and violent wind changes, usually in a counterclockwise direction. From October to April the SE trade wind is constant at Isla de Pascua. During this period heavy swells roll in from the S and SSW. From May to September the weather is variable, W winds prevailing at this season when there is a good deal of rain, except along the NE coast which enjoys fine weather. N and SW winds, the latter accompanied by rain and a heavy sea, occur during the winter. WINDS-WEATHER-CURRENTS.-Iala Robinson Crusoe has a humid but healthful climate. Between October and May, the weather is fair although rain squalls occur during the evening and at night. Unsettled weather, with rain, calma, or fresh N winds occur during the rainy season. There are strong N winds in winter. Fog is not frequent. Local currents off the island are most noticeable at the turn of the tide when they attain a velocity of 3 to 4 knots. The currents follow along the coast but do not enter Bahia Cumberland. ARCHIPIELAGO DE COLON '"~,.• fl • SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN ISLA SAN AMBROSIO HANGA-ROA ' ISLA SALA Y GOMEZ ISLA SAN FELIX ISLA DE PASCUA EMILY ROCK • • WINDS-WEATHER.-Aithough Arehipielago de Colon lies on and near the equator, the climate is YOSEMITE ROCK tempered by the cool Peru Current. The Southeast Trade Wind is the prevailing wind • ' PODESTA ISLAND in Arehipielago de Colon and blows between SE and ISLA SW. From April to December the trade wind blows ISLA ~ROBINSON6 - with great regularity and galea are unknown. Calms CRUSOE ALEJANDRO are frequent from January to April with occasional SELKIRK light squall• from the NW. Heavy rollers oc • casionally break upon the N ohores during the rainy . SEFTON · season, but no wind of any conoequenee accompanies : REEF them. The l!l'eater part of the islands are, in general em braced in a dry zone which rises to about 800 feet. The period of January to April is the rainy season for tlie low III'OUnds, but even during this periOd rainfall cannot be relied on. At the higher lev~ls light rain oeeuro throughout the year, and rainfall. is 1 greater from June to November when thick mists are . prevalent. Thick fog has been reported at sea near Arehipielago de Colon in April and September. The currents in the vicinity of the ialands are strong reaching 2\! knots in the channel•. Strong temperature difference enuse rips near the III'OUP. SECTOR 1 WINDS-WEATHER-CURRENTS 3 SECTOR 1 OFF-LYING ISLANDS AND DANGERS OFF THE WEST COAST OF SOUTH AMERICA PLAN.-This sector describes the outlying isA light 258m (846 ft.) in elevation, is shown lands, dangers, and banks that are widely scattered Is from the central peak of the island. W ofthe coasts ofColombia, Ecuador, and Chile. In 1986 it was reported that a meteorological The sequence of description is from N to S. station was established on the island. Anchorage can be taken off the NE end of Isla GENERAL REMARKS de Malpelo in a depth of46m (25fm), rock, during20 light to moderate seas. 1.01 The waters W of the coasts of Colombia, Outlying Banks.-Depths of 128 and 134m (70 and 73fm) were reported ( 1957-1958) about 70 ·~cuador, and Chile contain a number unta Roa. Its inner part forms a natural basin and is the landing place for all passengers and car 1250116 go for Hanga-Roa. Above-and below-water rocks ISLA SALAY GOMEZ, HIGHEST PEAK BEARING 196°, DISTANT 5 . lie u'p to 400 y·ards WNW ofthe Wen. trance point. 1.75 MILE 'Smallcr(lft drawing less than 1.5m (5ft.) can enter highest, Mount Terevaka located near. Cabo Norte (North Cape), the NW extremity oflsla de Pascua. Cabo Sur (South Cape), the s extremity of the .island, is very high and prominent. The N and S · d f h · 1 d h" h d d st es 0 · t e ts an are tg an steep an there are only three or four sandy beaches along the en tire rocky coast. Three high rocks lying as far as 1 mile sw of the SW extremity of the island serve as good radar targets. 15 Winds-Weather.-The weather is never good. for more than a few days at a time at Isla de Pascua. Ships anchoring off the island should be ready to_ sail on short notice. There are abrupt and violent wmd changes, usually in a counterclockwise direction. From October to April theSE trade wind is constant at Isla de Pascua. During this period heavy swells roll in from the s and SSW. From May to Sept. the weather is variable, w winds prevailing, 25 at which season there is a good deal of rain, except along the NE coast which enjoys fine weather. N and SW winds, the latter accompanied by rain and a heavy sea, occur during the 'Yinter. Rada Hanga-Roa lies on thew side ofthe island between Punta Cook (27°08'S., 109°26'W.) and Punta Roa about p / 4 miles SSW. the shores of . the ~ay are rocky; ;with shoals and foul ground extendmg at least 300 yards offshore. Landing is not 35 very feasable. A very constricted boat channel ~eads t? a pier in ruins ( 1971) but local knowledge ts reqmred as there are dangers on the range line. . Front and rear beacons named Barril and Trianguls, ~espective~, lea~ to anchorag~s in the bay when ahgned 144 . Barn! beaconconststs of a pyt" amid of earth and stone with a barrel and spar topmark painted in orange and white bands. Triangulo beacon consists of a traingular-shaped stone wall with a vertical iron column, surmounted by a triangular daymark painted in orange and 45 white bands. Landmarks include a church and monument, also a radio mast, all located in the vicinity ofBarril beacon. A flagstaff with white boards attached, is prominent N of the range beacons. .... • · the basin through a narrow channel between rocks. Local knowledge isabsolutely necessary. Cargo is lo_aded and discharged during the day from apier wtth a least depth of 0.9m (3 ft.) at its head. Anchorage can be had off the cove in depths of 50m ( 164ft.), with the red and white radio mast · · o be·aring 093 , and the NE most of the three high rocks off the island's SW end, in alignment with the cliff~edge below the peak on the island's SW extremity bearing 180o. The bottom is rocky, and badly fissured.· ' This anchorage is recommended for small vessels, with winds from N through E to S, but is open to the W: A vessel moored here must be ready to. put to sea at short notice, but may find that her anchor has fouled on the bottom Ariakenil (27o04'S., l09o20'W.), a cove on the N side· of the island, is approached in depths of 7.3 to 14.6m (4 to 8 fm) and has depths of 3.7 to 9.lm (2 to 5fm) in 'the preferred E part of the cove. A ~eve! sandy beach provides the best landing on the tsland for· small. boats. There is very little sea or swelL A monument within the SE shore of the cove is ;a·gobd landmark. There is a concrete quay.'Anchorage can be taken just within the cove en tra_hce ~~d in the middle of the E part of the bay. Wtth wmds from StoW, the cove affords the best anchorage on the N coast, with good holding ground. Anchorage is also available in 21.9m ( 12fm) good holding ground of sand, about 1 /4 mile WNW of Punta Rosalia and with this yoint aligned with Cabo O'Hi~gens, bearing 109 . Bahia La Pemuse (27 OS'S., 109°18'W.) is an open roadstead ··entered between Punta Angamos (27 o05'S., 109° l8'W.) and Punta Rosalia. The terrain in the area is low and landing can be effected W of Punta Angamos and in Rada Benepu, about 1 mile WNW of the same point. Anchorage can be taken in a depth of about 21.9m ( 12fm), rock andshells, 600 yards NW of Punta Angamos and off Caleta Ovali. E and SE winds raise a heavy sea in the bay, which is also exposed to N and NW winds. The anchorages are Anchorage is available with the range beacons . tenable with light N winds and ·when the trade mentioned above in alignment bearing l44o, and · winds are blowing. ··. i the outermost rock off Punta Roa Bearing 206°: Hutuiti Anchorage (27°07'S., 109 ° 17'W.) af 1 Tehrye bgertdh wofeflaetrhsedr,eapnthcshoorfag2e5mc·a.n(8b2efth.)a,dsafnudrt.hienr s.s fords shelter from Nand W winds in about 18.5m V 0 0 ( lOfm) 113 mile NE of Punta Yama (27°08'S., in on the range line, with the rock bearing 220°, 109°17'W.). Several other inlets and.coves along in a depth of 20m (65ft.) over a sand bottom. the SE coast of Isla de Pascua afford anchorage Pub. 125 SECTOR 1. OFF-LYING ISLANDS AND DANGERS to small vessels and shelter from all but S winds, but the sea breaks heavily on this coast. Rada Vinapu (Benepu) (27°10'S., 109°25'W.) is a cliff-ringed, open roadstead located about 3 miles NE of the island's SW extremity. Five small islets lie off the roadsteads's SW entrance point. Anchorage.-Anchorage, secure in N or W winds, but open to winds of other directions is available in the E portion of the roadstead, clear of the tanker berth, but requires local knowledge. The holding ground is good, the bottom being sand. 1.13 Vinapu (Benepu) Oil Terminal (27°10'S., 109°25'W.) consists of an offshore oil berth located at the seaward end of a submarine pipeline, the ship end of which is buoyed. The berth is able to accept vessels up to 150m (492ft.) in length, and a maximum draft of 8.5m (28ft.). Six silver-colored storage tanks stand at the terminal on the shore behind the berth and are prominent. Directions.-Two range beacons, located on a point about I ,400 yards NE of the oil tanks, mark the initial approach to the berth. The beaCQns consist of an orange pedestal surmounted by a white daymark with a black triangle in its center, point down. Vessels 120 to 150m (391 to 492ft.) in length approach on the alignment of the beacons mentioned above, in range bearing 018°; but vessels under 120m (394ft.) in length should steer for a prominent triangular patch of grass located about 150 yards NW of the front beacon on a bearing of 017 o, Steer on either the beacons or the grass until a second set of beacons, identical to the pair mentioned above, located about 150 yards S of the tanks are in alignment bearing 284 °: at this point, the starboard anchor should be let go. Veer about 5 to 6 shots ofcable, turning the vessel to starboard. Let go the port anchor when; in large vessels the ship's head is about 050°, or in smaller vessels when the rear range beaconS of the oil tanks bears 274°, and the front range beacon N of the tanks bears 020°. With both anchors down, maneuver the vessel to pick up two wire stern lines suspended from a small white buoy-the mooring lines are laid out on the bottom from the shore, and are suspended from the buoy by wire messengers. When secured, the vessel should be on a heading of 140 o, with about 7 shots of cable out on each anchor, and her stern about 218 yards seaward of lOrn (33ft.) depths. Smaller vessels should secure with the vessel's head between 127° and 137°. A boat is available to assist in picking up the stern lines and the cargo hose, which is rigged to the vessel's port side. Caution.-Vessels over 120m (394ft.) in length should maintain an anchor watch, with the vessels engines ready for instant use. For vessels less than this length, the berth is reported to be secure in all conditions. See Appendix of Anchorages. Pub. 125 81" !SEE PUB. J5J! GENERAL CHARTS 21033 AND 2!036 3" tSEE SECTOR 1! OCEAN 0" Additional chart coverage may be found in CATP2, Catalog of Nautical Charts. SECTOR 2 CHART INFORMATION .·:·.·. ;, SECTOR 2· COASTS OF COLOMBIA, ECUADOR, AND PERU FROM PANAMA TO CABO BLANCO PLAN.-This sector describes the W. Coast of Gales from the N orNE occur occasionally, chiefly South America from Punta Dirgado, Panama to 15 from December to February; but they are rare Cabo Blanco, Peru. The sequence of description from any other direction. is S from Punta Dirgado. Along the S coast of Colombia a SW wind sets in about April and becomes increasingly steady unGENERAL REMARKS til September and October. It then diminishes in 20 steadiness and is replaced in February and March 2.01 Most of this coast is low with sandy beach-by N winds. The SW wind is dependable o'nly from es interrupted by rocky points and prominent head-August to December. Gales are practically unlands. Inland, mountain ranges often parallel the known along this part of the coast. coast. There are also detached mountains and hills The prevailing winds along the coast of Ecuador backing the coast in various places. Numerous is-25 areS toW throughout the year but are more steady lands, some contiguous with the shore, lie near riv-from that quarter from June to November. N winds er deltas and off the niany bays which indent this occur occasionally from late January to early April. coast. Gales are practically unknown. The average veloci- The 183m ( 100 fm) curve lies up to 30 miles ty of the wind is about 8 knots. Heavy squalls and offshore except at the entrance to the Golfo de 30 thunderstorms sometimes occur. Guayaquil. From Cabo Corrientes to Cabo Blanco Fog is extremely rare over the open sea along the 18.5m ( 10 fm) curve lies up to 13 miles offshore the coasts of Colombia and Ecuador. . and contains most of the known dangers. Currents.-The currents of the coast are influ- Buenaventura and Guayaquil are the most im-enced by the northerly Peruvian Current ·and by portant ports on this coast. There are many second-35 a southerly current, known locally as· "El Nino", ary ports where cargo is loaded and discharged that occurs in the first part of the year along the while at anchor in open roadsteads. coast of Ecuador. Caution-Oilfields.-Offshore oilfields are en-For details of "El Nino", see Pub 122 Sailing countered off this coast roughly from a Point NW Directions (Planning Guide) for the South Pacific ofPunta Malpelo (3°30'S., 80°30'W.) to a position 40 Ocean. S ofPunta Parinus (4°40'S., 81 °22'W.). Rigs, pro-On the main shipping tracks between Panama duction platforms, submarine pipelines, and vari-and the Equator the current may set in any direcous other types of hazard both above and below tion throughout the year. The majority of the curwater may be associated with these oil fields, some rents observed exceed a .rate of 1 knot, except for of which may be lighted. Vessels are urged to exer-45 the predominantly N current off the coast of Cocise the appropriate caution when navigating along lombia. A small percentage of the currents obthis coast. served have exceeded 2 knots, except from August Peruvian authorities advise that oil rigs may be to September, and set mainly in W directions. Curfound between the Parallels of 3 °S., and 5°S. rents of a local nature are described in the various Winds-Weather.-The climate of this region is 50 parts of this chapter with the features off which much influenced by the Peruvian Current. Along they occur. the N part of the W coast of Colombia winds from The tidal currents between Punta Dirgado and NW to NE prevail, except in September and Octo-Cabo Blanco are not reckoned with as the ocean ber, and are quite dependable from December to current effect is much greater. April. From May to August they alternate with SW 55 Regulations.-For details on regulations pertainwinds. In September and October the SW wind ing to vessels approaching the coasts and waters prevails but with frequent changes to northerly. of Colombia, Ecuador and Peru, see Pub 122 Sail- Pub. 125 SECTOR 2. COASTS OF COLOMBIA, ECUADOR AND PERU ing Directions (Planning Guide) for the South Pacific Ocean. PUNTA DIRGADO TO PUNTA CHARAMBIRA Between Punta Dirgado (7°20'N., 78°0l'W.) and Punta Solano, about 70 miles SE, the coast is indented by several bays, and numerous small rivers flow into the sea. Much of the coast is high, partly steep-to, with bluff headlands fringed wuh rocks and reefs. There are also stretches of sandy beaches backed by low land. Bahia Ardita (7°08'N., 77°48'W.) is a coastal indentation with a village on its N side. The bay may be identified by an islet lying about 1h mile S of Punta Ardita, the bay's W entrance point. Cabo Marzo (6°50'N., 77°42'W.) is bofd, rugged, densly wooded, and lies about 20 miles SSE of Punta Ardita. A main light is shown from a tower 15m ( 49 ft.) in height, standing on a small island close off the cape. Detached rocks lie up to 13 I 4 miles S of the cape. Rocas Octavia (6°47'N., 77°42'W.) are high, bare rocks on a detached reef lying 3 miles S of Cabo Marzo. Bahia Octavia (6°5l'N., 77°40'W.), formed by Cabo Marzo and the shore E of it, affords anchorage in depths of 9.1 to 27.4m (5 to 15 fm). Punta Cruces (6°39'N., 77°32'W.) about 15 miles SE of Cabo Marzo, is the prominent S end of a peninsula which forms the W side of Bahia de Cupica. Rocky islets lie on foul ground which extends about 13I 4 miles SE of Punta Cruces. Golfo de Cupica is a large, open bight between Punta Cruces and Punta Solano, about 22 miles S. Several small bays indent the coast within the gulf. Bahia de Cupica (6°4l'N., 77°27'W.), situated close E of Punta Cruces and indented in its NE part by small bays formed between headlands, has ample depths for vessels in its middle. A beach at the head of the bay is fronted by shoal ground. Anchorage, exposed to S winds, can be taken in suitable depths about 2 miles offshore. Bahia de Solano (6°18'N., 77°25'W;) is entered between Punta Solano (6°18'N., 77°28'W.) and Punta Nabuga a lofty promontory about 6114 miles NE. Above-and below-water rocks lie off its slopes and a chain of rocky islets, some conspicuous, lie about 2 miles SW ofPunta Nabuga. Rocky patches make up a reef extending 11h miles NNW from Punta Solano. There is a depth of 7.6m (25 ft.) off the outer end of the reef. A light is shown from a tower 9m (30 ft.) in height, standing on Punta Solano. Ciudad Mutis is a small town at the head of Bahia de Solano. . Anchorage can be taken in a depth of 2 7 .4m ( 15 fm) about 11h miles from the head of the bay. Car go is handled by lighters at the anchorage. Pub. 125 Ensenada Utria (6°02'N., 77°2l'W.) is a constricted inlet extending about 3 miles N from its entrance which lies about 19 miles SSE of Punta Solano. The W side of the inlet is formed by a narrow peninsula; the E side by the mainland. Two islets and detached above-water rocks lie up to 11h miles S of the S end of the peninsula. The inlet is approached E of the islets. Ensenada Utria is easily identified by Playa Baia (6 °04'N ., 77°24'W.), a sandy beach fringed by coconut palms which extends 4 miles NW of the peninsula. Landing can be made on a spit at the E side of the inlet, about 1 mile within the entrance. Anchorage can be taken S of the spit in depths of 21.9 to 45m ( 12 to 25 fm). Rio Tibuga flows into the head ofGolfo de Tibuga, about 15 miles SSE of Ensenada Utria. The intervening coast is high, rugged, and wooded. Chiri Rock is the outermost of a group of above-water rocks lying 2 miles offshore and 4 miles NW of the mouth of Rio Tibuga. Roca Pinnacle lie 1 mile N of Chiri Rock. Morro Chico is a pinnacle rock lying 3 miles N of Roca Pinnacle. Other rocks lie 1 mile S and W of Roca Pinnacle. The coast S to Cabo Corrientes consists mainly of sandy beaches separated by bluffs 2.02 Cabo Corrientes (5°29'N., 77°33'W.), a high, steep-to promontory, is easily identified by the dome-like Picos de Ananas which rise about 457m ( 1,500 ft.) 41h miles ENE of the cape and are densely wooded with the peaks bright green in color. A main light is shown from a metal tower 18m (59 ft.) in height, standing on the cape. Punta Arasi (5°37'N., 77°30'W.) is the steep-toN end of Cabo Corrientes. A constant N current runs in the vicinity of the cape. . Bahia Cuevita (5 °28'N., 77°28'W.), openS, has above-and below water rocks lying up to 600 yards off its E entrance point. Good anchorage can be taken in 29.3m ( 16 fm) about 1114 miles ENE, and 1h mile off, the W entrance point. . Bocana de Virudo (5°26'N., 77°25'W.) empties into the sea about 11h miles SE of Bahia Cuevita. Iglesia de Sevira, an unusual perforated rock, lies 1h mile off the S entrance of the river. The coast S of Bocana de Virudo is fronted by shoal water for several miles offshore and the low, sandy shore is broken by numerous creeks and rivet deltas. Punta Charambira (4°18'N., 77°30'W.) is the W entrance point of Boca Charambira, one of the N mouths of Rio San Juan which is reported navi gable for about 180 miles inland by craft of 1.5m ( 5 ft.) draft. A sandbar at the river mouth· makes entry difficult. Punta Charambira, consisting of a series of low spits, is difficult to distinguish. It is the N extremity of an island which is separated SECTOR 2. COASTS OF COLOMBIA, ECUADOR AND PERU Cabo Morro Punta Cruces Peak Bahia Cupica bearing about 3.53• distant 5 miles APPROACH TO BAHIA DE CUPICA FROM S Punta Solano ENTRANCE TO BAHIA DE SOLANO 1250203 Picas de Anonas bearing about 133° distant about 9 miles Cabo Corrientes bearing about 166° CABO CORRIENTES FROM N 1250204 Cabo Corrientes bearing about 052' distant 6 to 7 miles Picas de Ananas High range CABO CORRIENTES FROM SW 1250205 0 I Los Negritos 0 0 VIEW, IN TWO PARTS, OF LOS NEGRITOS FROM SE Isla Palma 1250206 from the mainland by a river. The point is reported is a strong outgoing current in the river on an ebb to be a good radar target at 20 miles distant. There tide and strong cross currents in the river entrance. Pub. 125 SECTOR 2. COASTS OF COLOMBIA, ECUADOR AND PERU Isla Palma a Punta Piedra a =----·..~-- I a Culo de Barca VIEW, IN TWO PARTS, OF PUNTA PIEDRA FROM W 1250207 Heavy logs are rafted down the river and off-loaded at the anchorage. Vessels with a draft of less than 4.5m ( 15 ft.) with local knowledge, can anchor in Boca Charambira. A light is shown from the point and a radiobeacon is located at the 25 light-tower. PUNTA CHARAMBIRA TO PUNTA GALERA 30 2.03 Between Punta Charambira ( 4 o 18'N., 77°30'W.) and Punta Aji (3°l4'N., 77°33'W.) the low, swampy coast recedes about 20 miles E to form Bahia Choco. Bahia Buenaventura and the mouth of the Rio Buena ventura lie at the head of 35 this bay. About 2 miles N of Punta Magdalena (3 °56'N., 77°21 'W.) the low cliffs begin. Ensena da de Juan Chaco (4°00'N., 77°l9~W.) recedes about 8 miles N between Punta Magdalena and Punta Juan de Dios 2314 miles SE. Low cliffs back 40 the shore between the latter point and Punta Bazan ( 3 o 50'N., 77 o 11 'W. ), the N entrance point of Rio Buenaventura. This entire coast from Punta Charambira to Punta Soldado is fronted by shoals and foul ground for several miles. 45 Bahia de Malaga (3°55'N., 77°20'W.) lies in the approach to Ensenada de Juan Chaco, which is entered between Punta Magdalena and Punta. Juan de Dios. The bay is approached by passing •50 either E or N of Isla Palmas, but the former is the preferred approach. Shoals with depths of0.3m (l ft.) extend up to 2114 miles W of Punta Magdalena. Vessels with a draft of 7.6m (25 ft.) can transit. the bay with local knowledge. It was reported s5 ( 1987) that a naval base was under construction. Isla Palmas (3°55'N., 77°2l'W.), lies about 1 mileS of Punta Magdalena. It was reported ( 1982) that this island was the only reliable radar target in the area. A light is shown from a metal tower 36m ( 118 ft.) in height, standing at the SW end of the island but the tower is located within a wooded area and therefore difficult to identify. The li~ht is also obscured in the bay. A light equipped wtth a racon, marks the shoals close N of the N end of the island. Los Negritos (3°54'N., 77°24'W.) about 2314 miles W of the Send oflsla Palmas, is a dangerous reef consisting of several detached rocks, which nearly cover at high water. Depths of less than 5m ( 16 ft.) exist up to 1h mile S and 3I 4 mile SE of the reef. Keeping in mind the depths in the vicinity of Bajo de Negritos, and Los Negritos, vessels should keep in depths greater than 18.3m ( 10 fm), especially during thick. weather, while in the vicini ty. Bajo de Negritos (3°54'N., 77°26'W.), a shoal area about 2114 miles W of Los Negritos, has a least depth of 8.8m (29 ft.), which is buoyed. In 1984 the shoal was reported to be extending to the S. Canal de Juanchaco ( 3 °56'N., 77°21 'W. ), the N channel leading N of Los Negritos and Isla Palmas, is about 1h mile wide, but the navigable portion, with depths of over lOrn (33 ft.) is only 400 yards wide. The channel has a least charted depth of 16.7m (55 ft.), located about 1114 miles WSW of Punta Magdalena. The fairway is marked by lightbuoys and an approach lightbuoy equipped with a racon, is moored about 51I 4 miles W of Isla Palmas. Islote Magdalena and another islet lie on foul ground extending at least 1h mile NNE and E of the NE extremity of Isla Palmas. Canal Juan de Dios (3°54'N., 77°20'W.), the E channel between Isla Palmas and the coast E, is abou.t 11h miles wide, and shows depths of 5.5 to 7.3m ( 18 to 24ft.) at its seaward entrance but Pub. 125 SECTOR 2. COASTS OF COLOMBIA, ECUADOR AND PERU there are unmarked shoal patches with depths of reported that vessels with drafts up to 9.1 m ( 30 I m ( 3 ft.) lying adjacent to the narrow fairway. ft.) could reach the port at HW. Ensenada de Juan Chaco (4°00'N., 77°l8'W.) In I 989 it was reported that vessels with drafts is the inner part of Bahia de Malaga. It extends up to lOrn (33 ft.) could reach the port at HW. about 8 miles NE from its entrance and opens out The bar which extends across the approach to to a width of 5 miles. Much of it is unsurveyed. Rio Buena ventura S of Culo de Barca has general Archipielago De La Plata (4°0l'N., 77°l6'W.) at depths of 5.5 to 9m ( I8 to 2 9 ft.), but lesser depths the head of Ensenada De La Plata, consists of may exist. Shoal banks and shoal patches are chartmany cultivated, wooded islets. ed up to 1'14 miles ofT the N shore of the river, while a large 5.5m (3 fm) shoal is charted about 2 miles SW of the same island. Depths of less than BUENAVENTURA (13°54'N., 77°05'W.) 5.5m (3 fm) extend up to 7314 miles SW of Punta Sol dado. Two obstructions, reported in 1977 and 1971 lie respectively Phmiles, and I mile W of World Port Index No. 15370 Punta Soldado. It was reported (1987) that less 2.04 Buenaventura, the principal port on thew water than charted was found in the vicinity of nos. coast of Colombia, lies about 8 miles within the 2 and 7 lightbuoys. mouth of Rio Buenaventura, which empties be~ . Thelo~t prop~r Ii;s on theN si~e oflsla Cas~atween Punta Bazan and Punta Soldado. The river Jail ( 4 53 N., 77 04 W. ), and conststs of a margmharbor is well protected and has good berthing fa-al concrete wharf 2;325 yards in length. Depths cilities. alongside the wharf are maintained by constant Winds-Weather.-Buenaventura is a tropical dre?ging at 9.lm (,30ft.), but silting occurs very _ port \Yith practically no seasonal variations in raptdly. Depths up to 2m ( 6 ft.) less than _the weather. Daily temperature variations range from dredged depth have been reported alongstde, about 73 o to 93 oF., with an average temperature which made it necessary to plac~ a barge b~tween in the low 80's. The humidity remains constant at the vessel and the dock. T~e mam wharf wtl~ h~nabout 89 percent. The air is still, sultry, and uncom-?le break-bulk, and contamer car~oes. An oil pter fortable, except when there are cooling breezes ts located at the E end o~ the mam w~arf. . which frequently accompany the rising tide. As~ect-La_ndmarks-A1ds.-Pu~ta Piedra ts a The port is in one of the heaviest rainfall belts promm~nt po~nt located about 2 mtles SSE of PunofSouth America and has 300 to 350 inches annu-ta Juan de Dtos. ally. Rain occurs almost every day, usually at night Pu!lta Bazan about 73I4 ~iles ESE of Punta Pieor during the early morning. However, there may dra, IS low _an~ wooded wtth a few houses. The be one or two brief heavy showers while the sun coast between ts composed of wooded, red sandis shining. The greatest intensity of rainfall occurs stone cli~fs. Culo de ~a~ca about 2 1h miles SE of in October and November when tropical thunder-P~nta; Ptedra, -~nd Vtgta de San Pablo about 4 storms are frequent. miles :W of Punta Bazan, ~re two s_mall. islet~ lyin~ Tides-'-Currents.-The mean tidal rise here is offthts coast. The latter, tnangular m shape, IS east3m_( 8 ft:), while the spring rise is 4m ( 13 ft.). The ly identified. .. . . · . : falhng ttde sets out of the mouth of the river at Punta Sol dado IS Situated about 11I 4 miles S of a rate of3 knots. The first of the rising tide comes Punta Bazan. A light is shown from a framework from N at a rate of a little more >than I knot. The tower 17m (56 ft.) in height, standing on the point current off the city attains a rate of 6 knots. De-and a radio beacon is located at the tower; A promipending on the state of the tide there is a current nent grey building stands on the point close to the of up to 3 knots off the berths of the town. light structure. Depths-Limitations-Caution.-Both Rio A conspicuous red roofed house is situated about Buena ventura and the port of Buena ventura are 2 miles · W of Punta Bazan. Above Punta Bazan · subject to siltation: The main channel through the the shore is low and wooded, with an occasional river to the-port is marked by buoys which cannot cliff. be relied upon as they may be removed without The southern shore of the river is a mangrove notice; shifted or carried away by the strong tidal swamp divided by small rivers, and fronted by currents in the river, or may not mark the deepest mud flats. portion of the channel owing to the shifting nature At the city of Buena ventura, a conspicuous of the ban~s. church spire lies 600 yards SE of the spur mole, The maxtmum draft a vessel may carry over the and conspicuous piles lie 1 mile W, and I ,600 yards bar, and through the entrance channel is governed SE of the spire. Several conspicuous water tanks, by the height of tide at the port. In 1987 it was antennas, and a conspicuous yellow building are Pub. 125 SECTOR 2. COASTS OF COLOMBIA, ECUADOR AND PERU situated within the town, and are best seen on the cama, can be reached through a narrow channel chart. marked by a lightbuoy but local knowledge is re Pilotage.-Pilotage is compulsory, and available quired. The mouth of Rio Sanguianga about 23 at any time, however, there is an additional charge miles W of Rio Guapi, can be entered through if they board between the hours of 1800 and 0600. breakers via a passage with depths of 9 to 22m Vessels entering Buena ventura for the first time are (30 to 72 ft.). A shoal patch with a depth of 6.4m advised not to enter at night. Tankers may berth (21 ft.) over it lies in mid-channel. Local knowl only during daylight hours but around the clock edge is required. arrivals are allowed at the general cargo berths. Currents.-Currents near the coast run parallel At least 48 hours advance notice should be given with it and generally set N on a rising tide and to obtain a pilot on a Saturday afternoon or on S on a falling tide with a velocity of 11I 4 knots. a Sunday and at least 24 hours' notice at other Up to 40 miles offshore the current sets NE. times to avoid delay. Pilots from the pilot station Caution.-A dangerous wreck lies in approxi on Punta Bazan board vessels off Punta Bazan. Pimate position 3°43'N., 77°30'W. about 191h miles lots can be called on VHF, Channel 16. The signal WSW of Punta Soldado. for a pilot in the inner harbor is four prolonged blasts. Pilots will generally board off Punta SoldaOff-Lying Islands.-Isla Gorgona (2 °58'N., do but ifspecially requested, will board off the ap78 o ll'W. ), about 25 miles NE of Punta Guasca proach lightbuoy. ma, is rugged, mountainous, and has 5 distinct Regulations.-At least 24 hours prior to arrival, peaks distinctly visible from E and NE. Rocky foul the vessel should cable her ETA at Punta Bazan ground lies off the SW side of the island; landings and select information to her agents, the port q:tpcan be made on the E side. A light is shown from tain, and the port doctor. The message to the port a metal tower 19m (62 ft.) in height, standing on captain should include the type and quantity of Punta Coli the N extremity of the island. dangerous or inflammable commodities consigned Anchorage.-Anchorage can be taken about 700 for the port. yards off the E coast, in a bay midway between Special regulations are in effect for vessels carrythe NE and SE points where the depth is 54.9m ing explosives. (30 fm). Cautions.-Several submarine . cables lie in the lslote Gorgonilla (2°57'N., 78°l3'W.) is situatriver and may be seen on the chart. . ed close SW oflsla Gorgona. A main light is shown Vessels are generally docked and undocked only from a framework tower 22m ( 72 ft.) in height, at slack water due to the strong tidal currents off standing on the islet. Roca del Viudo lies 1 mile the berths. WSW of Islote Gorgonilla. It was reported ( 1989) that very strong ebb tidal currents were experienced at the anchorages within The coast between Punta Guascama and Cabo the river. 1 Manglares about 72 miles SW, is low, wooded, and Anchorage.-Vessels may anchor close to the ap-intersected by streams and river deltas. Eusenada proach lightbuoy in depths of lim (36ft.), offPun-Tumac6, about 40 miles SW of Punta Guascama, ta Soldado in depths of 16m (52 ft.), in a depth is II miles wide at its mouth. The port of Tumaco of IIm ( 36 ft.) between nos. 11 and 13 buoys; or lies on the S shore of the bay entrance. This entire 1 in depths of 7.9 to 16.7m (26 to 54 ft.) W of'no. low coast should be approached with caution as 17 buoy. •• depths are very irregular. The treetops are the first : objects seen on the horizon. Depths give no warn 2.05 PuntaGuascama(2°37'N., 78°25'W.)lies · ing of approach as depths of 37m (20 fm) are about 100 miles SW of punta Soldado. The coast ; found within I mile of the banks. between these two points is low, flat and heavily ' Pasa Caballos is situated about 13 miles SW of wooded, interrupted by mangrove swamps, river Punta Guascama. A main light is shown from a deltas, and the mouths of streams. There are. no metal tower 36m ( 118 ft.) in height, standing on prominent headlands. Coastal shoals, with depths the S side. A depth of lim (36 ft.) was reported oflessthan5.5m(3fm)lieupto6milesoffshore. (1966) to lie about l3 1h miles NW of the Pico Tortugas with an elevation of 162m (531 ft.), light-tower. . stands about 20 miles S of Punta Soldado and is Bahia San Ignacio lying about 19 miles SW of the only hill above a flat and featureless coast. The Pasa Caballos, has a drying sandpit extending 2 many river deltas and streams emptying into the miles W from its entrance with depths of 64 to 73m sea between the various points discharge a con~id-(35 to 40 fm) close off it. erable volume of water, debris, and treetrunks, Punta Cascajal (l 0 59'N., 78°4l'W.) is the SW causing a rolling swell and currents. The mouth extremity of Isla del Gallo, an island lying near of Rio Guapi about 29 miles ENE of Punta Guas-theN entrance of the shallow Ensenada de Tuma- Pub. 125 SECTOR 2. COASTS OF COLOMBIA, ECUADOR AND PERU co about 10 miles S of Bahia San Ignacio. Punta Cascajal consisting of a reddish cliff with two hills over it, is prominent along this flat coast. Between Punta Cascajal and Boca Grande, 15 miles SW, the coast recedes forming a bight of which Ensenada de Tumaco occupies the greater part. TUMACO (1 °49'N., 78°45'W.) World Port Index No. 15360 2.06 Tumaco, the most S port of entry of Colombia, is entered via Rada de Tumaco which lies at the SW end of Ensenada de Tumaco between Boca Grande ( I o 49'N., 78 o 51 'W.) and Rio Chi!vi, about 71h miles eastward. A steep-to, shallow bank extends almost 3/4 mile off Boca Grande and 3 miles offshore as far as Isla del Morro, 61h miles NE. Isla del Guano, with two islets close SW, lies on this bank I mile NW of Isla del Morro. Isla Tumaco lies close W of the Send oflsla del Morro and is connected to it by a bridge with a vertical clearance of 1.8m ( 6 ft.). Isla del Morro fronts the mouths of the Rio Chilvi. The port ofTumaco consists oflsla de Tumaco (l 0 49'N., 78°46'W.), Isla del Guano (I 0 50'N., 78°46'W.), and Isla del Morro (I 0 49'N., 78°45'W.). The town of Tumaco is located on the E side of Isla de Tumaco. Winds-Weather.-The inner harbor and town is protected from the prevailing winds. There is heavy rainfall during the year. Tides.-Currents.-The mean spring rise here is 3.1 m (I0 ft.) while the neap rise is 2.4m (8 ft.). Currents on the bar set in a WNW-ESE direc tion, at a rate of 1.1 knots. Currents off the wharf set in a NE-SW direction, at the same rate. Depths-Limitation.-Numerous shoals, best seen on the chart, encumber the harbor. There are depths of 3.9m ( 13 ft.) within 1h mile off the outer edges of the shallow bank previously described. Depths shoal gradually from the 15m ( 8 fm) curve, in the vicinity of Entrance Buoy No. I, to the bar 314 mile N of Isla del Morro. El Viudo ( I o 5I 'N., 78 o43'W.), is flat-topped and dries about 3.7m (12ft.). Shoals, which form the bar, extend at least 3 miles W and 2 miles N of El Viudo. The channel to the wharf has a least depth of about 8m (26 ft.), but in 1983 the bar had a least depth of 3.6m (I J3/4 ft.) Vessels with drafts of 6.lm (20ft.) are able to utilize the port at high tide. The municipal wharf, located 1/4 mile SW of the E extremity of Isla del Morro, is 339 yards long with depths of7.6 to 10.6m (25 to 34ft.) alongside. A turning basin off the wharf is about 800 yards long, 450 yards wide, and has a depth of I0.1 m (33 ft.). Oil Terminal.-The Trans-Andean oil pipeline extends to an offshore terminal located about 43/4 miles WNW of the N end of Isla del Morro. A submerged oil pipeline leads to the loading berth, a multi-point mooring for tankers, situated in depths of 27m (90 ft.), which can handle vessels up to 55,000 dwt. It was reported ( 1988) that vessels up to 80,000 dwt and 366m ( 1200 ft.) in length could be accommodated. The loading berth is marked by a lighted buoy, painted white, with a radar reflector. Hoses are marked by red and yel low pick up buoys. A Mooring Master boards ships in the vicinity of the sea berth. Ships are handled during daylight hours only. A tug and launches are available and a 12-hour ETA is required. Aspect-Landmarks.-Aids.-Boca Grande, the the largest and N mouth ofRio Mira, can be identified by a village encircled by coconut palms. A white cliff at the NE end of Isla del Morro is conspicuous. A main light is shown from a concrete tower lim (36ft.) in height, standing at theE end of Isla del Morro. A radiobeacon is located at the light-tower. A light beacon stands on El Viudo. An aeronautical radiobeacon is located at the W end of the Isla del Morro. Caution.-An area of shoal water, the limits of which may be seen on the chart, was reported (1921) to lie about 71h miles N oflsla del Morro. Pilots.-Pilotage is compulsory. The pilot boards ships outside the channel immediately before high water, by day, from a launch displaying the national flag with a white border, and the pilot flag. Vessels requiring a pilot should sound three long blasts on the whistle or siren. Arrival messages are sent via Buenaventura. The port and oil terminal may be contacted by VHF. Anchorage.-Rada de Tumaco the outer harbor of the port, lies NW oflsla de Morro, and just seaward of the shoal banks. This roadstead offers anchorage in the vicinity of No. 1 Entrance Buoy in suitable depths, over a mud and sand bottom. There is anchorage within the harbor off the NE side of Isla del Morro in a depth of 10.1 m (5 1h fm). Cabo Manglares ( 1 °36'N., 79°03'W.) about 22 miles SW of Isla del Morro, is the low SW end of an island and contiguous with the shore. Shoals of Jess than 5.5m (3 fm) extend l 1h miles off the cape but then depths increase abruptly to the 183m ( 100 fm) curve. A main light is shown from a framework tower 36m ( 118 ft.) in height, standing on the cape. The low coast for 40 miles SW of the cape recedes E to form Bahia de Ancon de Sardinas. Yes- Pub. 125 SECTOR 2. COASTS OF COLOMBIA, ECUADOR AND PERU sels should not approach this coast within the I 8.5m ( 10 fm) curve unless seeking an anchorage. Numerous streams and rivers intersect this coast. Note.-The border between Colombia and Ec-5 uador is located approximately 16 miles SE of Cabo Manglares.-See Pub 122, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) for the South Pacific Ocean for details on regulations pertaining to vessels·entering Ecuadoran waters. It is reported that all vessels entering waters within 200 miles of the coast must send an ETA and destination to the naval radio station at Guayaqui!. 15 Bahia de San Lorenzo (I 0 27'N., 79°02'W.) in the N part of Bahia de Ancon de Sardinas, is fronted by shoals extending 71h miles offshore from its entrance which· is marked on its W side by No. I lighted buoy, with a radar reflector. The channel leading through the shoals to the entrance of the bay has a least depth of 3.7m ( 12 ft.). The bay extends 4 miles S from the entrance, is at least 1h mile wide and has a 3.7m (12ft.) bank fronting its W side for about 800 yards. Palo Seco Light 25 (I 0 20'N., 70°57'W.) shown from a concrete tower 2.6m ( 8 ft.) high, and supporting on orange daymark, in alignment bearing 140 o with a small white spherical beacon leads into Bahia de San Lorenzo. A channel connects the heads of this bay and La Posa del Puerto, forming Isla de Santa Rosa. A light is shown from a tower on theW side of Isla San Pedro which lies NE of Isla de Santa Rosa. Lights are shown from 3 white concrete beacons with orange colored daymarks located at the 35 SW end of Isla San Pedro, near the middle of the E side of Isla de Santa Rosa, and on a shoal N of Puerto de San Lorenzo pier. Puerto de San Lorenzo (l 0 16'N., 78°5l'W.) (World Port Index No. 15335) is located near the head Of the bay. There is a pier about 100 yards long with a depth of 4.3m ( 14 ft.) alongside ( 1974 ). Vessels of 5,000 tons can berth. There is a coast and port radio station in town. Port officials board at the pier. Pilots will board vessels in the 45vicinity of No. I approach buoy. Pilotage is compulsory but is carried out during daytime only. Pilots advise that the best time to enter the channel is 2 or 3 hours before high water. La Posa del Puer~o, located about 8 ~iles SW of the mouth of Bahia de San Lorenzo, iS entered by a channel leading SE through the offshore breaking shoals. The channel, 3/4 mile wide, has a depth of 3.7m (12ft.). The harbor inside the entrance is sheltered, large, and has depths of 4.6 to 7.3m (15 to 24ft.) between the shore banks. A·55 channel connects La Posa del Puerto with Rio Santiago, about 4 miles SW. Rio Santiago has a shal- Pub. 125 low entrance marked by a light. Poblacion de La Tola (I 0 I3'N., 79°06'W.), a town, is located one mile within the. river entrance. A channel with a depth of 5.5m (18 ft.) leads inland for 30 miles from the town. A light is. shown from a tower on an islet lying one mile NE of the W entrance point of Rio Santiago. A pilot for the Rio Santiago can be obtained at Poblacion de La Tola. Punta Verde (I 0 05'N., 79°27'W.) is a clifTy bluff backed by a high hill from which a light is shown. The mouth of Rio Verde, about one mile WSW of Punta Verde, is entered over a bar which is navigable at high tide. Rio Vainillita lies 13 miles E of Punta Verde. Caution.-Vessels should not enter the channels within Bahia de Ancon de Sardinas without a pilot due to the numerous isolated shoals and sharp curves. Local knowledge is essential. Punta Coquitos (0°59'N., 79°40'W.) is situated about 15 miles WSW of Punta Verde. A main light is shown from a tower I 3m ( 43 ft.) in height, standing on a hill with an elevation of 150m ( 492 ft.) at the point. The low coast SW of Punta Verde becomes higher and more clifTy towards Punta Coquitos. Rio Esmeraldas is situated close E of Punta Coquitos. ESMERALDAS (1 oOO'N., 79°39'W.) World Port Index No. 15330 2.07 Esmeraldas, a port and tidal basin, is located on the W side of the Rio Esmeraldas, about one to two miles S of Punta Coquitos, the W entrance point of the river. Punta Este, theE entrance point, marked by a round peak, lies two miles E of Punta Coquitos. The river, fed by many' streams inland, flows rapidly between steep-to banks. Winds-Weather.-The climate is humid and hot, with temperatures of 80° to above 90°. There is an afternoon breeze. Rainfall is heavy from January thru April. W to SW winds prevail, except during the wet season (Dec.-May) when NE winds predominate. Tides-Currents.-Spring tides rise 3.2m (10ft.); neaps rise 2.5m (8ft.). The tidal current is reported to have a velocity of 11h knots and to be stronger on a falling tide. Strong tidal currents occur in the river anchorage, and across the entrance to the harbor basin. Depths-Limitations.-The port will accept vessels up to 200m ( 656 ft.) in length, with drafts of 10.7m (35 ft.). The entrance channel to the Rio Esmeraldas, which is deep, cuts b.etween coastal banks extend SECTOR 2. COASTS OF COLOMBIA, ECUADOR AND PERU 25 ing respectively 2 miles N, and 41/2 miles NNW VHF Channel 16, switching to Channel 14 after of Punta Coquitos, and Pont Eeste. Dangerous communication is established. shallow rocks lie on the coastal bank adjacent to Anchorage.-Anchorage for ships bound for Es the W side of the entrance channel. meraldas can be taken in suitable depths N of the The port proper consists of a basin situated on port, but clear of the Prohibited Anchorage Area and Tanker Operating Area shown on the chart. the W river bank, separated from a· fishing harbor S of it by a point of land. The main harbor is proThere is anchorage in 12m (39 ft.) about 2 miles N of Punta Coquitos Light. tected from the N by a breakwater. The main basin A Prohibited Anchorage area covering the har was reportedly dredged to a depth of 11.5m (37 bor entrance, extends about 21I4 miles N and 11h ft.), but shows charted depths of 0.8 to 11.8m (2 miles E of Punta Coquitos Light. Lighted buoys, to 38 ft.), while the fishing harbor shows charted the pilot waiting area and quarantine anchorage depths of0.9 to 7m ( 3 to 23 ft.): The fishing harbor area for Esmeraldas lie adjacent and NE of the basin is fronted by a bar with a charted depth of Prohibited Area. 4.2m (13ft.). A rock with a charted depth of 1.7m ( 5 ft.) lies about 150 yards NE of the fishing har- Batao Oil Terminal ( 1 °02'N., 79°42'W.) an off bor's E entrance point. shore loading terminal NW ofEsmeraldas, consists Ro-ro, break bulk, and container cargoes can be of two outer berths and one inner berth located handled at a marginal quay 350m ( 1,148 ft.) in within a Tanker Operating Area in which naviga length, located on the S side of the main harbor tion is restricted. The limits of the area may best basin. The berths will reportedly accept vessels be seen on the chart. with drafts of 11m ( 36 ft.) alongside. The outer berths are formed by two single point The entrance to Rio Esmetaldas, located SE of mooring buoys "X" and "Y" situated about 4the harbor entrance is shallow, and subject to miles offshore. There are least depths of36m ( 118 freshets. During a freshet, depths within the enft.) at the berths and each buoy can handle vesselstrance are subject to rapid and extensive changes, up to 100,000 dwt. as is the channel through it. It is quite possible for The inner berth is formed by four mooring buoysa vessel navigating within or near the river enlocated about 21I 4 miles offshore. There are leasttrance to ground, or strike floating debris carried depths of 14m (46ft.) at the berth and vessels updownriver by the current. · to 20,000 dwt with drafts up to 10m (33 ft.) canAspect-Landmarks-Aids.-Punta Gorda (0°58'N., be handled.79°44'W.) asteep bluff with a reef extending 1h of a Submarine pipelines extend from the coast to themile off it, and Punta Este are conspicuous, as is the berths and may best be seen on the chart. Berthingnarrow, precipitous gorge through which the river flows. is carried o~t during daylight hours (0500-1700);Several oil tanks standing on a small plateau about 21h unmooring by day and at night. miles E of Punta Gorda can be seen at a great distance. Aids.-See landmarks and aids for the Port ofA radio mast close E of the tanks, and a water tower Esmeraldas. A radiobeacon is located at Bataosituated 1 mile S of Punta Gorda are conspicuous. close W of Punta Coquitos.An airport is situated .1 mile SSW of Punta Este, Pilotage is compulsory. Pilots/Mooring Masterswhile a radio mast exibitirtg red fixed obstruction board tankers in the pilots waiting area shown on lights, and several huts lie respectively 11h miles the chart about 11h miles N of Buoy "X". Ships SSW, and 1h mile SW of the same point. should not enter the terminal area without a pilot Lights are exhibited from the entrance points of aboard. ETA should be transmitted 48 and 24 the harbor basin and the fishing harbor, as well hours prior to arrival. Radio contact can be made as the breakwater. Two sets of range lights and on VHF Channels 12, 14, and 16 with Channel Iightbuoys mark the channel from seaward to the 12 used only for internal traffic. There are facilities main harbor basin, and are best seen on the chart. for discharging dirty ballast. On approaching the port, it was reported that Anchorage can be taken by tankers at the Quarthe mooring buoys at the outer tanker berths are antine Anchorage, about 11h miles SW of lighted good marks when the land is obscured by haze. buoy "X". The bottom is soft mud, clay. The entire Pilots.-Pilotage is compulsory, and is available port and tanker areas are relatively calm; the preby day only. Pilots and Quarantine officials board vailing currents set between Sand SW with a greatships bOUJ?d for Esmeraldas in a waiting area about est velocity of 11I 4 knots. 2 miles N of Punta Coquitos Light. It is reported There is a port radio station on the shore at the (1979) that pilots will board within one mile ~e~-landing site of the oil pipelines. ward of the breakwaters, but clear of the prohibited anchorage area. Communication with the pilot 2.08 Rio Esmeraldas to Punta Galera.-The boat (black hull with white top) is established on coast to Punta Galera, 26 miles WSW is quite regu- Pub. 125 SECTOR 2. COASTS OF COLOMBIA, ECUADOR AND PERU Jar. The coast between Punta Coquito and Punta Gorda, which was described with Esmeraldas con sists of cliffs interspread with valleys. Punta Sua (0°52'N., 79°56'W.), marked by a light, with a cliffy islet lying close off it, and to which it is joined at low water, marks a section of low coast and the entrance to Ensenada de Ata cames, a shallow bight. A small inlet used by local shallow-draft fishing craft, is situated close SE of Punta Sua. Arrecife de Atacames (0°57'N., 79°50'W.) is a coral reef which lies on the coastal bank extend ing 6 miles offshore between Punta Sua and Punta Gorda. An extensive area of rocks with depths of 5.3 to 10.4.m ( 17 to 34 ft.), extends seawa~d for up to 15 miles offshore N of the above-mentiOned coral reef. Punta Galera (0°50'N., 80°03'W.) about l0 1h miles WSW of Punta Sua, is a low, shelving point at the N extremity of a wide promontory of which Cabo de San Francisco, about 10 miles S, forms the S end. A light is shown from a tower IIm ( 36 ft.) in height, standing on the point. The promontory consists of steep cliffs topped by tall trees. It is generally steep-to, though rocks marked by heavy breakers lie close off the coast in places. The terrain backing the coast is mountainous and wooded. Most of the coast for about 125 miles SSW to Cabo San Lorenzo consists of long, sandy beaches backed by white cliffs, some wooded. There are several headlands. Detached mountains are visible inland. Dangers in the form of detached islands and rocks mostly lie less than 4 miles offshore and with the shorebanks are usually steep-to. It was reported ( 1969) that uncharted dangers may exist within a radius of 20 miles N of Punta Galera. In 1963 a ship with a draft of 8m (261h ft.) reported striking an underwater rock about 21 miles NNE of Punta Galera. PUNTA GALERA TO CABO SAN LORENZO 2.09 Cabo de San Francisco to Cabo Pasado.The coast for about 66 miles between these capes consists of an open bight broken by smaller bights and coves. Cabo de San Francisco (0°39'N., 80°05'W.) forms the W side of a small cove with depths of 4.6 to 5.5m ( 15 to 18 ft.). A village is located on the shore of the cove and landing can be made near the mouth of a small river emptying into the W side of the cove. Ensenada de San Francisco (0°36'N., 80°05'W.), a small bay with several villages on Pub. 125 its shores, is entered between Cabo de San Francis co and Punta Mompiche (0°3l'N., 80°05'W.). Rio Muisne is the largest ofseveral small rivers flowing into the bay. Rio Bunche, 2 miles E of the cape, is identified by four prominent rocks off its en trance. Anchorage by small vessels can be taken with the four rocks bearing 053 o, distant 11I 4 miles. Punta Zapotal (0°27'N., 80°05'W.), on Isla Zapo tal, is low and mangrove covered. Bajos de Cojunes (0°23'N., 80°08'W.), an ex tensive shorebank about 4 miles offshore, extends S from Punta Zapotal for 5 miles. Depths of ll.Om ( 6 fm) exist one mile from the bank but then in crease abruptly to 73.2m ( 40 fm). From the Send of the shorebank to Cabo Pasado the coast is fronted by a bank with depths of less than 9.1 m ( 5 fm) extending up to 2 1h miles offshore. Punta Pederuales (0°04'N., 80°07'W.) is a narrow and cliffy ridge with rocky islets lying off it. A village is located E of the point. Depths of 11.3 to l2.9m (37 to 42 1/4 ft.) can be found up to 71h miles offshore about 10 miles NNW of Punta Pederuales. Punta BaHena (0°10'S., 80°20'W.) is theW extremity of a small bay backed by a wide plain through which two rivers flow and empty into the bay. A reef is charted about Jl h miles N of the point. The coast NE of the bay is backed by a high mountain range. South ofPunta BaHena the coastal terrain changes to bare white cliffs fronted bj' long sandy beaches as far as Punta Borrachos (0 13'S., 80°25'W.), thence wooded cliffs back rocky beaches to Cabo Pasado. Cabo Pasado (0°2l'S., 80°30'W.) is high, rounded, with the adjacent land densly wooded and bound by white cliffs on the S side. A reefwith depths of less than 3.7m (2 fm) extends about 1h mile N and E of the cape which is reported ( 1967) to be a good radar target at a distance of 41 miles. A main light is shown from a concrete tower 9m ( 30 ft.) in height, standin~ on the cape. Rio Chone (0°37'S., 80 25'W.) empties into the sea about 141h miles S of Cabo Pasado. The estuary lies between Punta Del Napo about 12 1/4 miles SSE of Cabo Pasado, and Punta Bellaca 3 miles SSW. Punta Bellaca where a light is shown from, appears as an island with a grey-green tint. 2.10 Bahia de Caraquez (0°35'S., 80°25'W.) (World Port Index No. 15320).-The small port of Bahia de Caraquez lies at the mouth of Rio Chone. Poblacion de Bahia de Caraquez, containing the port facilities, is located on the W bank of the river near the mouth about 2 miles ENE of Punta Bellaca. Tides in the estuary rise about 2.7m (83/4 ft.) at MHWS. Depths-Limitations.-From Punta Bellaca to a point on the coast about 4 miles N, the approaches SECTOR 2. COASTS OF COLOMBIA, ECUADOR AND PERU io Rio Chone are encumbered by shoals with depths of less than 5.5m ( 18 ft.). Many of the shoals shift positions. Within the shallow river en trance there are extensive drying shoals. Banco de Santa Marta, a rocky patch on which the sea al ways breaks, lies I'h miles N of Punta Bellaca. Canal de Manavi, trending along the NE shore of the estuary leads into the river but has a sandy bar and is silted so that local knowledge is neces sary to effect transit. Canal Viejo, the shallow S approach channel,trends along the S shore. It was reported that vessels with a draft of about 7m (23 ft.) can cross the bar at HW but only small craft and lighters enter the port. Large vessels anchor outside the port. Pilots.-Pilotage is not compulsory but local knowledge is required to enter the port. Landmarks.-Monte San Vicente 275m (902ft.) in elevation, stands about 33/4 miles ENE of Punta Bellaca and is prominent. The river is a remarkable coastal feature because of the ravine formed by it. Anchorage.-Anchorage is available in charted depths of 12.5m (41ft.) about 11h miles off Punta Bellaca Light, with the light bearing 122°. Depths vary from those charted in the vicinity of the chart ed recommended anchorage, with shoaling report ed S of the charted anchorage area. The coast from Punta Bellaca trends SSW for 9 miles to Punta Charapoto, thence turns SW for about 15 miles to Punta Jaramijo (0°56'S., 80°40'W.). Into the open bay formed between these points the Rio Charapoto empties. The bay is backed by an extensive plain bound by high, white cliffs. Bars obstruct the delta of the river. A light is shown from a square concrete tower, standing on Punta Jaramijo. A shoal patch with a least depth of 6.7m (22 ft.) lies about p;4 miles NNE of Punta Jaramijo and several rocks lie between this patch and the shore close E of the point. BAHIA DE MANTA (0°57'S., 80°43'W.) World Port Index No. 15310 2.11 Bahia de Manta recedes nearly 1 mile S between Punta Jaramijo and Punta Murcie1ago (0°57'S., 80°44'W.), about 5 miles westward. The city of Manta is located at the W end of the bay. An extensive fishing fleet operates out of the port. Tides-Currents.-Spring tides rise 2.9m (9ft.), while Neaptides rise 2.4m (8 ft.). Depths-Limitations.-There are depths of less than 1l.Om (36ft.) up to 3/4 mile N ofPunta Murcielago, and a bank extending E across the entrance of the bay from Punta Mal Paso (0°56'S., 80°45'W.). · Bahia de Manta is shallow, with depths of less than 5.5m (18ft.) throughout its W part. A danger ous wreck, marked close N by a lightbuoy, lies l ,200 yards SSE of the breakwater head. A stranded wreck lies close N of the lightbuoy. Berths.-A breakwater extends about 3/4 mile NNE from a position ashore 1h mile E of Punta Murcielago. At the outer end ofthe breakwater two piers, each 200m ( 656 ft.) in length, extend E into the harbor. The berths alongside the piers have depths of 12m (39 ft.) and can handle vessels up to 183m ( 600 ft.) in length with drafts up to II m (36 ft.). Two ro-ro ramps are situated near the S pier and can handle vessels up to 20,000 tons. Two lighted mooring buoys reserved for naval use, are situated S of the piers. Three wharves, each about 150m ( 492 ft.) in length, occupy the E face of the breakwater, inshore of the two piers mentioned above. The N wharf will accept vessels with a draft of 7.5m (24 ft.) alongside; while the central and southern will respectively accept drafts of 5.7 and 3.8m ( 18 and 12 ft.) alongside. A small harbor, enclosed by breakwaters located SE of the main breakwater, has a depth of 2.7m (9ft.) and is used by fishing vessels and small craft. An offshore tanker berth is marked by a lighted buoy, painted red, moored close W of the outer end of a submerged oil pipeline which is laid offshore from a position 800 yards E of the fishing harbor. Mooring buoys lie near the end ofthe pipeline. The local authorities should be consulted for information on depths at this berth. Pilots.-Pilotage is compulsory for all foreign vessels over 500 tons with some exceptions and is available by day and at night with at least 12;-hour prior notice of arrival time. Arrival during the hours ofdaylight is advisable. Pilots board vessels about1h to I mile NE of the breakwater head. The port can be contacted by VHF. Landmarks-Aids.-A church and a prominent building are located in the town. A prominent grey gas tank stands on the breakwater head of the fishing harbor. Conspicuous radio towers stand near the airport E of the town and a group of Conspicuous tanks stand on the shore about 1h mile E of the fishing harbor. A light is shown from the,main breakwater head and from a pyramidal church building standing about 11I 4 · miles SW of the breakwater head. An aeronautical radiobeacon and an aeronautical light are located at th'e airport. Anchorage.-Anchorage can be taken in depths of 9.1 to II.Om ( 5 to 6 fm ), sand and mud, about 1/4 mile E of the main breakwater head. Cargo is worked by lighters at this anchorage. During the rainy season (December to April), vessels anchor Pub. 125 SECTOR 2. COASTS OF COLOMBIA, ECUADOR AND PERU farther offshore as. there is usually a heavy swell and the sea breaks in a depth of 4,9m ( 16 ft.). Deep-draft vessels anchor at least 1/4 mile N of the head of the breakwater but .are exempt from port charges if anchored within one mile NE and ENE 5 of the same point and are not engaged in any com:mercial activity.· Directions.-When approaching Bahia de Man ~! ~~;::;h~;~b~~~:~: ~~~:~~~::;:~~::~It;~~~; 10. N along the coast, and the atmosphere is usually hazy. After passing Cabo San Mateo (0°57'S., 80°49'W.), vessels should keep at least3 miles off-· shore until the bay. is open. . ... 15 Cabo San Mateo about 6 miles W of Manta harbor, is a salient point and forms a plain 40m ( 131 ft.) in elevati9n; · · . · .. · Punta Jome is the· W end of Cabo San Mateo. A light is shown from a concrete tower 7m (23ft.) 20 in height, sta·nding on the point. · · . Cabo San Lorenzo (1°03'S., 80°49'W.), about 8 miles SW of ·Punta San Mateo (0°57'S., 80 o 51 'W. ), is the outer part of a high· projection of the coast which terminates in a tong·ue of land 25about 1h mile long. Above-and below-water rocks lie offCabo San Lorenzo. One ofthe rocks is pinnacle-shaped, white in color, and prominent. A main light is shown from a concrete tower lOrn (33 ft.) in height, standing on the cape. 30 CABO SAN LORENZO TO PUNTA DEL MORRO 35 2.12 Isla de La Plata (1o16'S., 81 °05'W.) lies about 14 miles offshore and 1·6 miles SW of·Cabo San Lorenzo. This brownish, dried~up appearing island is formed of precipitious cliffs on ·its W side, 40 off which there there are a few islets. There are below-water rocks off-the W extremity of the island and a reef extends I I 4 mile E ofthe SE extremity. A main light is shown from a framework tower 20m ( 66 ft.) in height, standing on the NW summit 45of the island. · · · -•· "· · Bajo Cantagallo (I 0 l7'S., 80~58'W.) about 8 miles E of the E extremity of .Isla, de' La Plata, is a shoal area 1h mile in extent with a least depth of 11m (36. ft.). . Anchorage can b_e taken in depths of 32.9 to 36.6m ( 18 to 20 fm). about 400 yards off the beach on the E side of Isla de La Plata, but local knowledge is required. ·. > ~: ~ ----;;11{f:f~ ';0-· ·-"'"~~~~~~--~,·~·~!!1!!1.~.. ~l~~'.#i~.~-~-·~···~·""~-·~·~-~ ;; ·~l~.Q~£~-=~~· ..~· ..~~-;;·~·;;·~·. 1250208 CABO SAN LORENZO BEARING 000° 1250209 ISLA DE LA PLATA FROM NORTHWARD, DISTANT ABOUT 22 MILES The coast between Cabo San Lorenzo and Punta Santa Elena, 70 miles S, is indented by two large open bays separated by Punta Piedra Verde. Puerto' de Cayo (I 0 2l'S., 80°45'W.) is a minor port located at the head of a small bight about 21 miles SE of Cabo San Lorenzo. Cargo is lightered to vessels. anchored about 600 yards offshore in deptlis of 8.2m ( 4 1h fm), hard sand. Punta de Cayo (Punta Cerro Viejo) is a bluff marked by a tower with radar reflector located 2 miles SW ofPuerto de Cayo. Islote Cayo (El Islote) lies 1 mile N of Punta de Cayo and Roca Daphne (Islote La Viuda) lies I mile SSW. Puerto de Machalilla (I 0 28'S., 80°46'W.) about 7 1h miles S of Puerto de Cayo, is a small, sheltered port located on the E side of a small bight, easy to approach. Cliffs fringe the coast N of the port. There is a beach, with cliffs to the W, along the SE side of the bay. Islets and below-water rocks lie up to 11h miles N and NE of the W entrance point of the bay. Anchorage can be taken in. 18.3m (10 fm) N of the islets at the W entrance point, or in 12.8 to 14.6m (7 to 8 fm) about 800 yards offshore and W of the village. ----------~----------·-· ISL~ DE Lh.'iLATA FROM WESTWARD. DISTANT ABOUT 4.5 MILES d . ., Pubo'l25 SECTOR 2. COAStS OF COLOMBIA, ECUADOR >AND PERU 29 Isla Salango (I0 36'S., 80°52'W.) lies about 10 A measured mile, indicated by beacons, is situatmiles SSW of Puerto de Machalilla~ The island is ed close N ofthe promontory and may best be seen. 160m ( 524 ft.) high and covered with vegetation. on the chart. The narrow channel between the island and Punta ·Banco Cope·over which heavy seas break, lies· Piedra Verde on the mainland is obstructed by sub-s about I mile N of-Punta Sarita Elena and is marked merged and drying rocks and is not navigable. by a lightbuoy. Some above-water rocks, which are steep-to, lie about 1/4 mile W of the island. 2.13 Bahia de Santa Elena (2°12'S., 80b55'W.) A light is shown from a framework tower stand-is a bight extending about 10 miles E ofPunta Saning on Isla Salango and two towers equipped with to ta Elena.. The small· ports· ofSalinas and La Liradar reflectors, stand on the island. bertad are contained within the bight. Several of Anchorage may be taken in 47m (26 fm) NE the points oont~ined,within Bahia de Santa Elena· ofthe island with the NW extremity bearing 235 o, make good radar targetS. There are many excellent and the E extremity bearing 172 o · Anchorage may landmarks including tall bUildings, church spires, also be taken in 29m ( 16 fm) with the NW extremi-IS towers, tanks and stacks, witP,in the points and ty of the island bearing 264o and Punta Piedra towns along the shores ofthe bay. · . Verde bearing 191 °· Depths shoal gradually from the 18.3m ( 10 fm) Punta Blanca (1°41'S., 80o48'W~) is a conspicu-curve whichlies 2 to 41h miles N ofthe bay coast~ ous point situated about 61h miles SE oflsla Salan-line, to about 5.5m ( 3 ftn) at 1 to 1i h miles offgo. Above and below-water rocks lie close off the 20 shore or 1h mile offthe points. There are .abovepoint. -and below-water rocks and shoals within' the Islotes Los Ahorcados, a small group of rocky 5.5m (3 fm) curve. islets, lie about 11h miles NW of Punta Blanca. Punta San Lorenzo lies close E ofSalinas about There is clear passage between the islets and the 21 /z miles SE .of Punta Santa Elena: A light is point. A rock with a depth of 7m (23 ft.) over it, 2S shown from the point. lies close NW of the islets. Punta Montanita is a conspiCuous pqint about Caution.-Several dangers lie in the. approaches 8 miles SSE of Punta Blanca. Above and be-to the ports. , . · low-water rocks lie close off the point. Roca Belshaw with a depth of 5.4m ( 17 1h ft.) Bajo Montanita (1°50'S., Sl0 03'W.) is a shoal 30 over it, lies about 11/z miles NE of Punta San Lo with a least depth of lOrn (33 ft.) over it; lying renzo and is marked by a lightbuoy. · · about 17 miles w of Punta Montanita. Bajo de Ballenita with a depth of Sm (26 ft.) Punta Brava (1°58'S., 80°46'W.) a rocky prom-over it, lie~ about 23/4 miles NNE of the pier at on tory, is situated about 24 miles SSE oflslaSalan-La Libertad and is marked by a lightbuoy. ·· go. The coast between is backed by a low range 3s Bajo de Columbia with a least depth of 3.9m of mountains lying 3 to 7 miles inland. ( 12 1/z ft.) over it, lies about 1/z mile from the shore Islote Pelado, a rocky islet 22m (72 ft.) high, about 11h miles SSE of Bajo ·de Ballenita. lies about 3 miles NW of Punta Brava. A reef ex-An.Abandoned Submarine Cable Area, the limtends about 400 yards from its N side and a dan-its ofwhich are shown on the chart,.exterids about gerous rock lies close NW. A light is shown from 40 3 miles N of Punta Santa Elena. · a concrete structure 7m (23ft.) in height, standing ' La Libertad (2°13'S., 80°55':W.) (World Port on the summit of the islet. Index No. 15290).-La Libertad is a small Between Punta Brava and Punta Santa Elena, about 19 miles SW, the coast consists of beaches oil-loading port located 23/4 miles fi c;>f Punta San interspersed with rocky bluffs. 4s Lorenzo. .. · · · · Tides.-Tides rise about 2.1 m ( 63I 4ft.) at springs Punta Santa Elena (2 o II'S., 81 °00'W.) is a nar row bare and sandy promontory projecting about and 1.6m (5 ft.) at neaps. 4 miles NW from a blunt peninsula. The N end Offshore Terminal.-A submarine pipeline ex of the promontory rises to a steep, flat-topped hill tends from shore to an offshore oil berth located about 21/z miles N of the town. A lightbuoy and which appears as an island when seen from sea-so ward. A light is shown from Puntilla de Santa Elefour mooring buoys indicate the seaward end of na which is the W extremity of the promontory. the pipeline. . Radio masts stand on the outer part ofPunta Santa Tanker vessels up .to 228m (748ft.) in length Elena and are conspicuous unless obscured by the with drafts up to 10.5m (341/z ft.) can be· accom modated at the terminal. This limitation is due to hill. . ss A main light is shown from a tower 12m (39 . the constant swell in this area. Docking masters ft.) in height, standing on the promontory and a assist in berthing. Vessels are moored port side to radiobeacon is located at the hght-tower. on a westerly heading. Vessels moor to three buoys Pub. US SECTOR 2. COASTS OF COLOMBIA, ECUADOR AND PERU aft and one forward, using the starboard anchor off the starboard bow. Caution.-An old abandoned underwater pipe line extends from the shore for about 13I 4 miles, close W of the pipeline described above. This old pipeline should not be confused with the pipeline leading to the terminal. Berths.-There is one pier at La Libertad which is about 400 yards long with a depths of4.8 to 6.4m (15 1h to 21 1h ft.) alongside at HW. The pier is used by coastal vessels while larger vessels work cargo at the anchorage. A number of mooring buoys and wrecks are located in the vicinity of the pier and may best be seen on the chart. . Pilots.-Pilotage is compulsory. The pilot boards about 5 miles N of the oil terminal. ETA should be sent at least 12 hours in advance through Guayaquil (HCG). The port can be contacted by VHF. Regulations.-Several regulatory areas are located offshore and designated for maneuvering, an~ choring, and waiting. The limits of these areas may best be seen on the chart. The local authorities and the pilot should be consulted for information on these areas, and for regulations pertaining to their use. Salinas (2°12'S., 80°59'W.) is located about 4 miles WNW of La Libertad. There are several good landmarks in the town and vicinity, including conspicuous buildings at Punta Chipipe located I 1I 4 miles W of Punta San Lorenzo. Two lighted mooring buoys located about 314 mile NNE ofPunta Chipipe are for the use of naval vessels. Small craft may use several mooring buoys located close N of a pile standing about 1h mile .NNW of Punta Chipipe. There is a small pier with depths of 3m ( lO ft.) alongside, which is used by fishing craft and lighters. Larger vessels work cargo at anchor. Anchorage can be taken in depths of I2.8 to 14.6m (42 to 47ft.), sand, about I mile NNE of Punta San Lorenzo. 2.14 Punta Ancon (2°20'S., 80°54'W.) from which a light is shown, is situated about II m:iles SE of Punta Santa Elena. The point, although projecting I 1I 4 miles from the coastline, blends with the background and is inconspicuous from seaward. Punta Caruero, 2 1h miles NNW of Punta Ancon, although lower in height, is more pro'minent. Foul ground, which breaks, lies about one mile off the points, and several detached, shoal patches ofless than 5.5m (3 fm) lie up to 2 1h miles offPunta Ancon. A dangerous wreck is charted 4 114 miles SSW of the point. Numerous shoals, with depths of less than II.Om ( 6 fm) over them, lie up to 41h miles off the coast extending for 20 miles SE of Punta Ancon. Many of these shoals break during a moderate ground swell. Pub. 125 Caution.-Due to the presence of many dangers, vessels are advised to stay in depths of more than lOOm (55 fm) while transiting the coast. Offshore oil exploration is being carried out in the vicinity of the coast in these waters. Punta de Chanduy (2°24'S., 80°42'W.) lies about 12 miles ESE of Punta Ancon. The point, with the village of Chanduy at the head of a cove close E, is fronted by rocks and shoal patches. A steeple is situated within the town. A light is shown from the point. Pipelines for the discharge of fish from small vessels extend seaward for up to about 1h mile from positions close NW of the point. It is reported ( 1989) that a light is shown from a point about 2 miles WNW of Punta de Chanduy . Punta Piedras del Morro (Punta Chapoya) (2°39'S., 80 °26'W. ), about 21 miles SE of Punta de Chanduy, is marked by a white tower from which a light is shown. A high hill rises I 1I 4 miles ENE of the point which is a good radar target. Depths of less than 5.5m (3 fm) lie up to 2 1h miles offshore. Cerro El Morro, 6 miles E of Punta Piedras del Morro, is a prominent hill with a distinctive shape of 2 peaks, one rounded and one sharp, close together. Punta del Morro (2°44'S., 80°l5'W.) lies about l2 1h miles SE of Punta Piedras del Morro. The coast between is low and sandy. The point forms the N entrance point of Canal del Morro and is fringed by rocks and foul ground which extends S and W in close proximity to the entrance channel leading to Canal del Morro. The dangers off this point will be described with the port description for Puerto Maritmo De Guayaqil. The coast between the point and Punta Payana (3°19'S., 80°l6'W.) recedes about 28 miles E forming a large bight occupied N by Isla de Puna (2°50'S., 80°lO'W.). Canal del Morro and Canal de Jambeli lie N and S, respectively, of Isla de Puna. The mainland is generally low and wooded, with many creeks and estuaries intersecting the terrain. Rio Guayas discharges into Canal de Jambeli N of the NE end of Isla de Puna. PUERTO MARITMO DE GUAYAQUIL (2°17'S., 79°54'W.) World Port Index No. 15275 2.15 Puerto Maritimo de Guayaquil (Puerto Nuevo); the marine terminal for Guayaquil, handles most of the commerce that formerly moved through Guayaquil. The approach to this port lies between Punta del Morro and Punta Trinchera (2°45'S., 80°l3'W.), where the width at the en SECTOR 2. COASTS OF COLOMBIA, ECUADOR AND PERU lighthouse t .... ~---·· PUNTA SANTA ELENA LIGHT BEARING 090°, DISTANT 12 MILES trance of Canal del Morro is 2 miles. The port is reached through Canal del Morro and and Estero Salado. Tides-Currents.-Tidal data for Puerto Mariti mo de Guayaquil, using Guayaquil as a reference station, has been reported as follows: low water 15 at the Sea Buoy occurs 3 hours earlier than at Gua yaquil and at the dock 52 minutes earlier; high wa ter at the Sea Buoy occurs about 21h hours earlier, and at the dock about 30 minutes earlier than at GuayaquiL Mean range of tides, 3.3m (II ft.) at the terminal, 1.8m ( 6 ft.) at the entrance where it is reported that high water on the outer ( 131 o) leading line occurs about 2 1h hours before high water at GuayaquiL A heavy swell and strong tidal currents may be 25 experienced in Golfo de Guayaquil and the outer approach to Canal del Morro. The current generally flows N across the entrance of the gulf but a set E or W occurs within the gulf depending on the in going or outgoing tidal current in Rio Guayas and tributaries. Off Isla Santa Clara the ebb sets to the S and the flood to the E. Currents up to 6 knots have been reported in the vicinity of the sea buoy and tide rips of 21h to 3 knots in Canal del Morro. Currents of 5 knots in the stream at Canal 35 del Morro decrease to 1h knot at Puerto Maritimo. Berths.-The port handles general cargo, bananas, bulk solids and liquids, containers and LPG vessels. Vessels up to 30,000 dwt and 198m (650ft.) in length with drafts up to I Om (33 ft.) can be accommodated within the port. It was reported ( 1984) that vessels with drafts of over 8.8m (28 3/4 ft.) had reported that their in-45takes became blocked when navigating between Nos. 62 and 39 buoys. It was also reported that the departure of these deep draft vessels was controlled by the local authorities to coincide with the tide. The vessel mal. be required to anchor off Posorja (2°42'S., 85 15'W.) to await the next tide before completing her passage to sea. A marginal wharf 960m ( 3, 149 ft.) long, with depths alongside of 9.1 to IOm ( 30 to 33 ft.) lies at the N end of the port. There are three berths each 185m (607ft.) long, and one bulk berth 157m 55 ( 515 ft.) long, with depths of 9.8m (32 ft.) alongside. Four anchorage berths with associated mooring buoys lie S of the terminals, between buoys 78 and 84, with depths of !Om (33 ft.) Estero Cobina, leading off the E end of Puerto Maritimo, is a busy waterway used chiefly by lighter and barge traffic from Rio Guayas. The inlet is connected with Rio Guayas by a lock 122m ( 400 ft.) long and 4.2m ( 13 ft.) deep located at La Josefina close S of the city of GuayaquiL The waterway has a least depth of 5m ( 161h ft.). Estero del Muerto, leading off the W end of Puerto Maritimo, turns N to a private fertilizer and chemical pier and a Naval Dockyard located on the E bank of the inlet. The fertilizer quay is 70m (230 ft.) in length and can handle vessels with drafts up to 7.8m (25 1h ft.). El Salitral, part ofEstero Santa Ana, leads NNW for about 6 miles, then turns E towards GuayaquiL On the W side of the inlet there are 3 berths handling fuel oil, and gas, within 7 or 8 miles upstream from the inlet entrance. Vessels turn off the LPG terminal and are therefore limited to a length of 128m ( 420 ft.) and a draft of 6.4m (21 ft.). Aviation gasoline is discharged into barges from small tankers at moorings W of Trinitaria Island Maximum draft allowed at moorings is lOrn ( 33 ft.). Aspect.-Vessels should approach the lighted sea buoy, moored about 10 miles W of Punta del Morro, avoiding the numerous offshore dangers. Vessels should then follow the recommended tracks E and SE through the entrance channel which is marked by buoys, to Canal del Morro. Estero Sadado is an estuary which extends NE from Canal del Morro for about 30 miles to the S point of Isla Santa Ana, where it divides and passes E and W of that island. The E branch leads NE passing E of Trinitaria Island andjoins Estero del Muerto where Puerto Maritimo is located on the E bank just within the entrance. The fairways are marked by buoys and ranges. It was reported ( 1989) that the lighted sea buoy was equipped with a racon. Pilotage.-Pilotage is compulsory. Vessels should send ETA 72 hours in advance through Guayaquil (HCG). Vessels should send ETA at the sea-buoy I hour in advance and contact the pilot by VHF on reaching the sea-buoy. The pilot station Pub. 125 SECTOR 2. COASTS OF COLOMBIA, ECUADOR AND PERU is located at Data about 3 miles NW of Punta del shown on Punta Arenas, the wooded SE end of Morro. Pilots board vessels in the entrance channel Isla de Puna. Cerro Zambapala (2°58'S., about 1 mile SW of Data. 80° 13'W.) is a conspicuous Feak of a range of hills. Isla de Santa Clara (3 IO'S., 80°26'W.), on Regulations.-Passing or overtaking are prohib-5 which a light is shown, has a steep-to fringing and ited between buoys 33 and 45; vessels with a foldetached dangers lying up to 3 miles off its shores. lowing current have priority. A dangerous underwater rock lies about 3 miles SW of the island which gives a good radar return Cautions.-Vessels should exercise caution when at 20 miles distant. Isla de Santa Clara, lying in approaching the seaward end ofthe entrance chan-10 the approach to Canal de Jambeli, is high, prominel due to the frequent spells of low visibility over nent, and a good mark. The island, divided into this coast, the strong tidal currents, and the tenden-two parts which are joined at low water by a sand cy of the channel to silt. . pit, should not be approached closer than 4 miles The presence of unlit fishing craft in Golfo de or within depths of 21.9m ( 12 fm). Guayaquil has been reported. 15 The approach to Canal de Jambeli can be made The S entrance to Canal del Morro which is un-by passing either 6 miles N or S of Isla de Santa marked and almost blocked by shoals, should not Clara, however the S track, iri depths of more than be approached without local knowledge. · 36.6m (20fm), is preferable. The island, when ap proached from N, is visible about 16 miles distant Anchorage.-Anchorage can be taken in depths 20 when it appears as 3 hummocks. Cerro Zambapala of 11.0 to 14.6m ( 6 to 8 fm) about one mile S and (2°58'S., 80°13'W.) the highest of several peaks, two miles W of the Sea Buoy: Anchorage is also can also be seen at the same time. available in suitable depths outside the fairway of Tides-Tidal Currents.-In Canal de Jambeli the the channel en route to Puerto Maritmo, for which tidal currents follow the shoreline. The floodthe pilot should be consulted. The explosives an-25 stream runs at a rate of 3 to 4 knots and the ebb chorage is located SE ofthe channel between buoys stream reaching up to 5 knots, and 8 knots in win67 and 72, while the quarantine anchorage is positer. Off Puna the flood current sets NW and the tioned near buoy 74. Tankers may transfer all or ebb current sets SSE at a rate of about 21h knotspart cargo into barges while anchored 2 miles at springs. The flood current has a mean duration above Punta Sam per (2°22'S., 80°00'W.). 30 of 6h. 06m. and the ebb current runs for 6h. 14m. 2.16 Canal de Jambeli-Guayaquil Approach.-The difference in times of the tidal stream between The main approach to Rio Guayas and the old port Puna and Guayaquil is Ih. 12m. for the flood and of Guayaquil is through Canal de Jambeli 2h. 27m. for the ebb. (3 o IO'S., 80° IO'W.), an inlet extending about 50 35 Depths-Dangers.-Canal de Jambeli has genermiles NE from its entrance between Punta Salinas al depths of 6.5 to 13.0m ( 31/z to 7 fm ). Depths (3°0J'S., 80°J6'W.) and Punta Payaua (3°J9'S., of less than 5.5m (3 fm) lie up to 2 miles off the 80°)6'W.), the latter low and inconspicuous. NW shore and up to 4 miles off theSE shore. A Isla Puna (2°50'S., 80°)0'W.), a thickly wooded light is shown from Punta Jambelli (3°12'S., and high island, lies on the NW side of Canal de 40 80o01'W.). Banco de Mala (2°53'S., 79°52'W.) Jambeli. A channel on the N side of the island is an extensive, partly drying shoal which parallels leads to Estero Salado from Canal de Jambeli. The the SE side of Isla de Puna. Bajo de Afuera shoal bank previously mentioned extends at least (3°01'S., 80o03'W.), with a least depth of 0.5m 7 miles W, 4 miles SW, and 2 miles S of Punta (I ft.), lies at the Send of Banco de Mala. A narrow Salinas but converges to 1h mile off Punta Arenas 45 shoal, with a least depth of 0.5m (I ft.), lies close (3°02'S., 80°08'W.). A lighted buoy marks the E and parallel to theN part of Banco de Mala. outer (SW) edge of the shoals off Punta Salinas, Lighted buoys, moored clear of all shoals, mark the low, wooded SW end of Isla Puna. A light is the side of the channel. Be~r;ng 322o lighth~use l•la de Santa Clara Isla de Puna bear;ng 036° distant about A miles . . -· ~::'~~:_-:'"r_~~·::"~: 4£::.:.;.~~~~~~-----·-:_____ ..i~~~~~~-~~:.-=~t~ APPROACH TO CANAL DE JAMBELI FROM S Pub. 125 SECTOR 2. COASTS OF COLOMBIA, ECUADOR AND PERU 2.17 Puerto Bolivar ( 3 o l6'S., 80 °00'W.) (World Port Index No. 15250).-Puerto Bolivar is located on the E side of Estero de Santa Rosa (3 ° l4'S., 80°0 l 'W.), about 4 miles within the inlet which is entered l mile NNE of Punta Jambeli. Tides.-Tides rise about 2.9m ( 91h ft.) at springs and 2.3m (71/z ft.) at neaps. Aspects-Berths.-Boca de Jambeli, the entrance of Estero de Santa Rosa, is about 600 yards wide and has a depth of ll.Om (36ft.), but caution is advised when entering by this channel, as depths within it are constantly changing. An approach lightbuoy is moored on the outer side of shoals, about l mile NE of Punta Jambeli. The controlling depth in the channel is reported to be 9.lm (30ft.) at LW. Espigon Quay 660m (2,165 ft.) long, is divided into four berths with depths of 7.5 to 9.5m (241/z to 3 l ft.) alongside. There are several small piers for lighters. Ships are often loaded from lighters in the river. Entering vessels are reportedly restricted to a maximum draft of 9.1 m ( 30 ft.) from 0600 to 1800, and drafts of 8.2m (27ft.) from 1800 to 0600. Pilotage.-Pilotage is compulsory. Pilots board about l mile N of the approach lightbuoy. ETA should be sent 24 hours in advance through Guayaquil (HCG). The pilot may be contacted by VHF. Anchorage can be taken in depths of 5.5 to ll.Om (3 to 6 fm), good holding ground of mud and clay, in the stream off the piers. Anchorage can be taken about l mile N of Punta Jambeli if necessary while awaiting a pilot. 2.18 Canal de Jambeli (Continued).-The E side of Canal de Jambeli between Punta Jambeli and Punta Mondragon (2°39'S., 79°54'W.) is low, wooded, and intersected by many streams. Isla Mondragon (2°37'S., 79°52'W.) is low, mangrove-covered, and forms the E side of the entrance to Rio Guayas. A drying bank and depths of less than 5.5m (3 fm) extends up to 3 1/z miles S of Isla Mondragon. Punta Mondragon is the E entrance point of Rio Guayas. . The NW side ofCanal de Jambeli between Punta Arenas (3°02'S., 80°08'W.) and Cerro Mala (2°48'S., 80°00'W.) consists chiefly of mangrove swamps intersected by inlets. Cerro Mala, with its two prominent peaks, appears as an island from the offing. The coast NE of Cerro Mala is cliffy, fronted by beach. Punta Espanola (2o48'S., 79°56'W.), from which a light is shown, is cliffy and a useful clearinc9 mark for Banco de Mala. Punta Mandinga (2 45'S., 79°54'W.), on which a light is shown, is a bold bluff forming the NE end of Isla de Puna. Bajo de Puna, with a least depth of 0.3m (l ft.) at its N end, lies 2 miles off Punta Mandinga. Puna (2°44'S., 79°55'W.) (World Port Index No. 15255).-Puna is a port for ships unable to reach Guayaquil. Cargo is discharged into lighters at the anchorage. There is a prominent, white painted church in the town. Puna is the pilot boarding place for vessels bound for Rio Guayas and Guayaquil. A short pier, marked by two lights and a flagstaff, has depths ofabout 1.0 to 3.0m (3 to 10ft.) alongside. Passenger barges operate between Puna and Guayaquil. Anchorage for several vessels is available in the charted area about 1h mile NE of town, where there are depths of 11.0 to l4.6m (6 to 8 fm), sand. Directions for Puna.-From about 6 miles S of Isla Santa Clara, steer 060 o for 30 miles to a position with Punta Arenas Light bearing 270°, distant 7 miles. Then steer 038° for about l01h miles to a position with Punta Mandinga bearing 000°, distant 81h miles; care should be taken not to get into depths of less than 7.3 ( 4 fm ). Change course to 005° for about 83/4 miles to a position about 3/4 mile E of Punta Mandinga. Then steer NW to the anchorage off Puna. On this .latter course Punta Mandinga can be rounded at a distance of about 1h mile. Caution.-Caution should be exercised as strong tidal currents have been reported to run off Banco de Mala. The position of the buoys in Canal de Jambeli cannot be relied on. It is reported that a stranded wreck marked by lightbuoy, lies about 9 miles ENE of Punta Arenas. Rio Guayas (2°40'S., 79°55'W.), the largest river on the W coast of South America, is navigable for about 80 miles. The river, about 3 miles wide at its main entrance between Punta Mondragon (2°39'S., 79°54'W.) and Isla Verde (2°39'S., 79°56'W), leads N for 28 miles to the river port ofGuayaquil. The lower part of Rio Guayas about one mile wide, is bordered by low, mangrove-covered islands fronted by drying mudbanks. Isla Mondragon and Isla Matorillos, on the E bank of the river, are actually large banks covered with mangrove trees encircled by partly drying mud flats. Canal Naranjal and Canal Matorillos are connected with R Yo Guayas about 11 1h and 15 miles N of Punta Mondragon. These two channels discharge at their S ends into Canal de Mondragon, on the E side of Isla Mondragcn, and are used by small craft. The W bank of the lower part of the river is also low and tree-covered, but has occasional clear spaces, on which landing may be made. The first Pub. 125 SECTOR 2. COASTS OF COLOMBIA, ECUADOR AND PERU of these, Puerto Balsa, is situated about 91h miles N of Punta Mandinga. Punta de Piedra, about 9112 miles farther NNE is more extensive and has a small pier. A light is shown from Punta de Piedra. Other landing places on both banks of the river as far as Guaya~uil are shown on the chart. Isla Santay (2 13'S., 79°52'W.) lies in the river E and SE ofGuayaquil. A bank and shoals encircle the island and extend into the main channel of the river W of the island. The channel E of the island is shallow. About 2 miles above Guayaquil, the Rio Guayas is joined by the Rio Daule and the navigable stream is known as Rio Babahoyo. Fixed road bridges span the two rivers close N of their junction; navigable spans beneath the bridges have vertical clearances of 7.2 to 10.6m (23 to 35 ft.). An overhead cable, with a vertical clearance of 24m (80 ft.), and a submarine water main cross the river at the N end of Guayaquil. Caution.-Large quantities of debris, tree trunks and branches, silt, etc. are carried downstream on the ebb tide, particularly during the rainy season. Buoys marking the channel and adjacent dangers could be missing or out of position. Depths in the river channel change often and silting is a problem. Numerous fishing craft may be encountered off the entrance of the river. Depths-Dangers.-The Rio Guayas is encumbered by a bar that extends NNW between Punta Mondragon and Puerto Balsa (2°35'S., 79°55'W.). There is a least depth of3.7m (12ft.) at low water, soft mud, over the bar located 8 miles N of Puna. No.4 lighted buoy, is moored on the bar. A black and white striped lighted buoy is moored in the constricted channel and W of several submerged rocks about 21h miles NNW of Puna. Bajo de Mondragon (2°40'N., 79°55'W.), a drying mudflat, lies in the entrance of Rio Guayas and at the E side of the channel. Roca de Santa Rita (2°28'N., 79°52'W.), with a depth of0.3m (I ft.) over it, lies in midchannel and is marked close W by a lighted buoy. There are many other dangers in and near the channel leading to Guayaquil. Buoys, shown on the chart, mark these dangers. However, the channel sometimes shifts and the buoys may be out of position. There are lights shown on the E and W shores and a lighted range, in alignment bearing 150 o is shown from Sitio Nuevo (2°19'S., 79°50'W.). World Port Index No. 15270 2.19 Guayaquil, the port, encompasses the city of Guayaquil on the W bank of the Rio Guayas Pub. 125 and the town of Duran (Alfaro) on the E bank with its adjacent river facilities. Ocean-going vessels anchor in the river off the city and work cargo with lighters. A quay, capped by stone, extends along the entire bank fronting the city. Finger piers along the quay are joined to floating stages used by l<;>cal .river boats. There are no large wharves or pters m the port except at and near the grain silos at the S end of the city. Winds-Weather.-Windstorms are infrequent. Earthquakes occur occasionally. Guayaquil has a dry season from May to December and a wet season from January to the latter part of April. The mean temperature during the dry season is about 77° and during the wet season about 80°. Humidity is high during the wet season; There is about 50 inches of annual rainfall. There is a weather advisory service at Guayaquil. Tides-Currents.-The spring range at Guayaquil is 3.6m ( 12 ft.) mean range is 3.3m (II ft.) and neap range is 1.8m (6 ft.). Between Punta Mondragon and Guayaquil there is no regularity in the times of the tides, probably due to the winds and velocity of the river current. Off Guayaquil the tidal current has a rate of from 3 to 4 knots; the ebb has a rate of 6 knots at times. However rates as high as 8 to 12 knots have been recorded in the river off Guayaquil during the rainy season. There is a difference of about 30 minutes in the duration of the flood and ebb currents, the flood being shorter. The mean duration of the in-going current is 4h. 56m., and that of the out-going current is 7h. 38m. The ebb and flood currents do not commence until at least I0 minutes after high and low water, with an average of from 20 to 25 minutes. Occasionally the interval is as great as lh. 30m. with the ebb current, in which case it is never greater than lO minutes with the flood current. During the rainy season, from December to April, the flood current lasts only 3 hours. Berths.-The Customs Quay, at theN end of the city, is the main lighterage berth. At the S end of the city there are several small piers and wharves. A grain berth is 180m (590 ft.) long with depths of 7.2m (231h ft.) alongside. Bananas are loaded from one of the piers. Petroleum, vegetable oils, asphalt, and chemicals are discharged from tank 1 ers. : Vessels up to 183m ( 600 ft.) in length and 7.Im (23 1h ft.) draft can be accommodated in the port. There are strong tidal currents at all river berths, as much as 7 knots velocity at spring tides, making ,it preferable to. berth heading downstream. At Duran (2°10'S., 79°5l'W.), near the railroad terminal, there is a wood pile pier, with 3.4m (II ft.) alongside, for tankers discharging to a tank farm nearby. A camel, secured between the pier SECTOR 2. COASTS OF COLOMBIA, ECUADOR AND PERU and the ship, increases the allowable maximum draft alongside the berth to 6.1 m (21 ft.). Molasses is also loaded at this berth. Tankers usually berth heading N and with the port anchor down. The tidal current sets off the pier and at times attains a velocity of 6 knots. Anchorage.-Pilots select the proper anchorage off Guayaquil. The anchorage is often congested and the holding ground poor in spots. Ocean-going ships anchor 1I 4 mile off the city, or in mid-stream. It is reported that vessels of 183m (600ft.) are permitted to anchor but the anchorage is unsuitable for vessels over 146m ( 480 ft.) in length. Off Duran, vessels can anchor in 9m (29ft.) allowing swinging room. Tankers anchor off the S end of Isla Santay and either lighten up or fully discharge. Vessels carrying explosives anchor in about 7.3m ( 4 fm) off the S end of Guayaquil. Caution.-Long rafts of balsa logs are floated down the river and constitute a danger to anchored vessels at night. Floating debris and quantities of hyacinth drifting downstream may foul a ship's anchor chain. Pilotage.-Pilotage is compulsory. Pilots board off Puna (2°44'S., 79°55'W.). Vessels should send ETA 72 hours in advance through Guayaquil (HCG). The pilot can be contacted by VHF. Directions.-See Directions for Puna.-Specific directions for the Rio Guayas to Guayaquil are not given as pilotage is compulsory and the channel is subject to silting and constant change. It was reported that vessels should arrive at Puna three hours before desired time of arrival at Guayaquil. Vessels can arrive at Guayaquil from one-half hour before to one and one-half hours after high water at Guayaquil. Vessels leaving Guayaquil can sail from one and one-quarter to two and one-quarter hours after low water at Guayaquil. It is preferable for vessels to berth heading S on the last of the flood tide, as there is a greater depth ofwater for turning the vessel, whereas ships berthing heading N have to turn ship on departure soon after low water. PUNTA PAYANA TO CABO BLANCO 2.20 Between Punta Pay ana ( 3 o 19'S., 80 ° 16'W. ), the S entrance point of Canal de Jambeli, and Cabo Blanco, about 82 miles SW, the coast is indented by numerous bays and inlets. Punta Capones, about 4 1h miles SSW of Punta Payana, is situated on the S side ofa channel which forms part of the border between Ecuador and Peru. A light is shown from the point. Bahia de Tumbles lies between Punta Capones and Punta Malpelo about 12 miles SW. The mouths ofthe Rio Tumbles lie within a delta which extends from Punta Malpelo about 6 miles E to Puerto Pizarro situated in the S part of the bay. Small craft can navigate the river as far as the town about 5 miles upstream. Local knowledge is required. Anchorage can be taken about 3 miles ENE of Punta Malpelo, and I mile offshore, in depths of 9.1 to ll.Om (5 to 6 fm). Caleta La Cruz, a small cove, is situated about 10 miles SW of Punta Malpelo. A light is shown from a jetty and a prominent water tank is located at the fish factory. Anchorage can be taken about 2 miles offshore in depths of 8 to lOrn (26 to 33 ft.) sand. Puerto Zorritos (3°40'S., 80°40'W.) located about 6 miles SW of Caleta La Cruz, occupies a cove between Punta Santa Rosa and Punta Sechwita 11h miles WSW. The small port can be contacted by VHF. Oil derricks and tanks are conspicuous from the offing and a pier, in ruins, extends off Punta Santa Rosa. Sunken wrecks lie 1h mile WNW and 1I 4 mile WSW of the point. Mooring buoys lie off the pier head. Most of the port activities have been transferred to Caleta Los Organos, about 9 miles NE of Cabo Blanco. Anchorage can be taken in 5.5 to 9.lm (3 to 5 fm) up to 1 mile offPunta Santa Rosa. A light is shown from a black and white banded tower close SW of Puerto Zorritos. The coast SW of Puerto Zorritos is both sandy and cliffy with several small coves used by small, local vessels. Detached mountains rise inland in some areas. The only harbor of any importance is Los Organos. Los Organos ( 4 ° 15'S., 81 °08 'W.) (World Port Index No. 15215 ).-Los Organos is a village at the E end of a cove situated about 40 miles SW of Puerto Zorritos. Two tanks and several buildings are prominent. An offshore tanker berth with mooring buoys is situated at the seaward end of a submerged pipeline which extends about 1h mile NW from the shore. There are depths of 11m ( 36 ft.) at the berth. It is reported that a jetty extends from the shore but is out of use. Cabo Blanco (4°l6'S., 81 °l5'W.) lies about 7 1h miles SW of Los Organos and is described in Sector 3. Monte Organos, about 422m (1,385 ft.) high, stands 71h miles E of Cabo Blanco. The W side of the mountain resembles a pipe organ. See Appendix of Anchorages. Pub. 125 22130 22138 SALA.VERRY CALLA CULEBRAS 5" AREA LOCATOR Additional chart coverage may be found in CATP2, Catalog of Nautical Charts. SECTOR 3 CHART INFORMATION Pub. 125 SECTOR 3 COAST OF PERU FROM CABO BLANCO TO ARICA, CHILE Plan.-This sector describes the coast of Peru Oilfields.~Oilfields may be encountered off this from Cabo Blanco southward to Arica, Chile, incoast from a point NW of Punta Mapelo (30°30'S., cluding the off lying islands. 15 80°20'W.) to a position S of Punta Parinas (4 o 40'S., 81 °20'W.). Rigs, production platforms, GENERAL REMARKS submarine pipelines, and V'arious other forms of hazard may be associated with these oilfields, some 3.01 The coast trends about 100 miles S from ofwhich may be lighted. Vessels are urged to exer-Cabo Blanco to Punta Falsa and is indented by 20 cise the appropriate caution when navigating along this portion of the coast. several bights, the S and largest of which recedes Peruvian authorities advise that oil platformsabout 15 miles E to form Bahia de Sechura. From may be met between the Parallels of 3oS., and 5os. the S end of the Punta Aguja headland the coast Winds-Weather.-Close to the coast of Peru trends SSE for about 665 miles to Punta Dona Ma-and N Chile winds are predominantly s to SW ria, where it turns and trends almost 400 miles in 25 throughout the year. From September through Dea more ESE direction to Arica. The coast is quite cember, when there is a marked contrast between regular in outline, with small bights fit only for sea and land temperatures, the winds known localsmall vessels with local knowledge, and a few de-Iy as "virazon," increase in strength to such an ex epwater bays large enough for ships. ·tent as to hinder the loading and discharging of Most ofthe Peruvian coast consists ofa very low, 30 ships cargoes..Winds vary considerably over the narrow desert plain made arable in places by irri-ocean off the Peruvian coast as a result of the gation. The coastal plain varies between I to 50 movement N and S of the doldrum belt. Gales aremiles wide and is backed inland by the great range usually rare off the Peruvian coast. of the Andes Mountains. Spurs of the mountains Humidity prevails throughout the year along the rise abruptly from the coast in some places, and 35 almost rainless coast of Peru. At Lima the relative sandy beaches interrupted by points and small riv-humidity averages over 90 percent throughout the ers are common. year during the early morning hours. At Arica, The 183m ( 100 fm) curve contains all known where it seldom rains, the humidity averages 76islands and dangers off this coast. Generally, the 40 percent. Fog occurs frequently along this coast coast is steep-to with depths of 11.0 to 91.4m ( 6 from the latter part of December to the end of to 50 fm) less than 3 miles offshore. Above-and April. below-water dangers fringe many parts of the Temperatures along the coast of Peru become coast and shorebanks extend up to 3 miles offshore cooler than other areas near the Equator because and 6 miles off the E shore of Bahia de Sechura. of the Humboldt Current flowing N bringing tern- Caution must be exercised because of the lack 45 peratures to the high sixties. The prevailing coastal of sufficient soundings along many parts of this winds carry warm surface water away from the coast and the possibility of uncharted dangers. In coast, bringing to the surface the cool waters from addition the charts have been reported not to con-below. form with the actual coastal configuration in a Currents.-The currents off the coast of Peru are 50 number of places. influenced by the Peru Current, which predomiNote.-See Pub 122, Sailing Directions (Plan-nates along this coast, and to a lesser extent by the ning Guide) for the South Pacific Ocean for details El Nino Current. In general the current sets N par on regulations pertaining to vessels entering Peru aileI to the coast of Peru at a rate of about 1h to vian waters. 55 I knot. It is strongest between Punta Falsa and It is reported that all vessels over I ,000 grt enter-Puerto Eten and between Punta San Juan and Moling waters within 200 miles of the coast must make lendo. A S set of equal or greater strength occurs a report to a coast radio station. occasionally and suddenly at any time ofyear, and Pub. 125 40 SECTOR 3. CABO BLANCO, PERU TO ARICA, CHILE it does not necessarily follow a change of the wind be moored only during daylight but can be un to a N direction. Currents setting S parallel to the moored at night. The port is under the jurisdiction coast and close inshore have been encountered; of the port captain at Talara, from which customs particularly offCabo Blanco, Isla Lobos de Tierra, officials and the pilot are supplied. The pilot can and between Callao and Peninsula de Paracas. The be contacted by VHF. S set ofthe Holy Child Current sometimes extends as far S as Punta Dona Maria, but·usually it has Punta Lobos (4°27'S., 81 °l8'W.) lies about little effect S of Golfo de Guayaquil. 12 1h miles SSW of Cabo Blanco. The coast beCurrents of a local nature are described in the tween is indented by shallow bights separated by various parts of this sector with the features off cliffy points that are fronted by rocks and foul which they occur. Tidal currents are similarly deground up to 1h mile offshore. scribed. A small jetty located at Pena Negra about P/4 Discoloration of the water, known as "aguaje," miles SSW of Cabo Blanco, is used by small craft the Painter, may be encountered on the Peruvian employed by the oil company. coast. Caleta Lobitos (4°27'S., 81°17'W.) (World Port Index No. 15200).-This small port, also CABO BLANCO TO PUNTA FALSA named Puerto Lobitos, is located in a bight between Punta Folch (4°2 7'S., 81 o 17'W.) and Punta 3.02 Cabo Blanco (4°l6'S., 81 °}5'W.) is a gua-Lobitos (4°27'S., 81 °18'W.). The port includes a no covered bluff which rises to an elevation of roadstead NW of the bight. Conspicuous oil der275m (902 ft.). A main light is shown at the cape. ricks, oil storage tanks, and buildings of the town The cape, sloping gradually seaward, has two of Lobitos stand along and within the shores of sharp hillocks near its extremity. Above-and belo-the bay. w-water rocks lie 114 mile off the.cape. Oil tanks The approach to port is free of all known danare conspicuous at the town of El Alto, located on gers except for several, charted I0.1 to ll.Om (5 1h the heights above the cape about Jll4 miles SSE. to 6 fm) patches lying close seaward of the II.Om At night, oil gas flares and the lights of the town (6 fm) curve. Submerged rocks and reefs lie at least are visible for many miles seaward. 200 yards off Punta Lobitos. Breakers are visible at least 1I 4 mile off the point. There are depths of Puerto Cabo Blanco (4o 16'S., 81 °15'W.) less than 5.5m ( 18 ft.) as far as 800 yards off the (World Port Index No. 15210).-This small port, SW side of the bight. Weather and current condilocated on the .NE side of Cabo Blanco, is chiefly tions are similar to those at Puerto Cabo Blanco except for very heavy swells from January to an exporter of crude oil from EI Alto, .but is also a sport fishing center. The port is an open road-March. stead, sheltered from the Sand partly from the SW, A pier, with a depth of 7.0m (23 ft.) at its head, but exposed to N weather. extends NW from shore at the town and is used Winds-Weather.-Except for December through by local fishing craft. February, the prevailing wind is SE in the morning Anchorage.-Anchorage may be taken about I and SW in the afternoon. In winter showers may oc-. mile NW of the jetty head in depths of 12 to 18m cur in early morning but by noon the weather is clear. ( 39 to 59 ft.) but the anchorage lies within an oil Tides-Currents.-The tidal range i~ about 1.2m field area. (4 ft.), spring range, 1.5Iii (5 ft.). Current sets N Note.-lt was reported ( 1981) that the offshore except in summer when it shifts to SSE. tanker berth had been removed and the port aban Berths.-A pier, at least 200 yards long and doned. m~rked at its head by a .light, extends N from a pomt ashore about 1I 4 mde E of Cabo Blanco. A The coast in the vicinity of Punta Lobos submarine oil pipeline, marked at its seaward end ( 4 °28'S., 81 o 18'W.) is cliffy, but becomes low beby a lighted buoy, extends about 325 yards N from tween Punta Capullana and Punta Malaca the pier. There are depths of l4.6m (8 fm) in the ( 4 °32'S., 81 o 17'W.), thence to ·Talara is closely berth at the outer end of the pipeline. Mooring backed by a plateau with several high hills. Isla buoys are laid NW of the pierhead and N of the Sheba lies on a reef fringing Punta Capullana oil pipeline. It is reported that generally ten hawabout Jl I 4 miles S of Punta Lobos and is reported sers five forward and five aft, are required for to be conspicuous. The coast, fronted by rocky mooring. Vessels up to 35,000 dwt with drafts lip shoals and foul ground contained within the II.Om to 122m ( 40 ft.) can be accommodated at the ( 6 fm) curve, should not be closed within 3 miles berth. as there are detached patches of less than 7.3m ( 4 fm) close to the 18.5m ( 10 fm) curve. Roca Miguel Pilotage.-Pilotage' is compulsory. The pilot boards about 21h miles N ofthe berth. Vessels will Angel, submerged, is charted J3/4 miles WNW of Pub. 125 SECTOR 3. CABO BLANCO, PERU TO ARICA, CHILE Punta Lobos, but it has been reported as lying 1I 4 mile W of its charted position. Bahia de Talara ( 4 °34'S., 81 ° 17'W.) is entered between Punta Rocallosa, the NE extremity of Punta Talara, and Punta Macara ( 4 °32'S., 81 o 17'W. ), a small, rocky point backed by sand dunes located about 2 1/4 miles N. Punta Talara is the W end of a steep, rugged peninsula that forms the SW side of Bahia de Talara. TALARA (4°34'8., 81 °17'W.) World Port Index No. 15190 3.03 Talara, a port located at the Send of Bahia de Talara, includes the coast from Punta Talara to Punta Arena 11h miles S. The port and adjacent town are important because ofoil fields nearby and the large oil refinery. Winds-Weather.-The prevailing wind, often fresh, varies from SE in the morning to S and SW in the afternoon. The harbor is sheltered except from N, but there is little protection from strong S land (offshore) winds which may cause considerable swell in the harbor, particularly from June to October. Within the harbor the wind greatly moderates and there are only small swells. The prevailing weather is good. Rain is rare, and fog occurs infrequently. Tides-Currents.-The mean range of tide here is !.2m ( 4 ft.) while the spring rise is l.Sm ( 5 ft.). The current sets N offshore but on closing the coast a counter current sets S. Approaching the harbor from N of Punta Rocallosa ( 4 °34'S., 81 o 17'W. ), the current is reported as setting toward the coast. Within the harbor the current may set N. Depths-Limitations.-AII known dangers in the immediate approach to port are contained within the lim (6 fm) curve. Banco Oeste (West Bank), less than 9.lm (5 fm) deep, extends about one mile NNW and W from Punta Rocallosa. There are depths of less than 5.5m (3 fm) lying up to 300 yards off Punta Talara and Punta Rocallosa. Banco Este (East Bank), about 3.7 to 5.5m (2 to 3 fm) deep, extends from Punta Macara to the head of Bahia de Talara and W to the approach channel. Depths on Banco Este and Banco Oeste are variable and the positions of the banks edges are unreliable due to the shifting nature of the bottom. The entrance channel, clear of dangers in the fairway, is at least 200 yards wide. The fairway has a least depth of 18.5m ( 10 fm) but is constricted by the 5.5m (3 fm) depths at the edge of the channel. Berths.-The harbor has depths of about 11.0 to 18.3m (6 to 10 fm) in the middle, which is steep-to and fringed to the shores by a bank of less than 5.5m (3 fm). There are several mooring buoys in the harbor where vessels can secure while awaiting a berth, however, the harbor is confined and swinging room limited. Cargo is Iightered from vessels in the harbor, at the anchorages, and at mooring berths. Mole No. I used mainly for general cargo, is 256m ( 840 ft.) long and can handle vessels up to 116m (380 ft.) in length with drafts up to 5.8m ( 19 ft.). Mole No. 2 used mainly for loading petroleum products, is 235m (770ft.) long and can handle tankers up to 24,000 dwt with drafts of9.5 m (31ft.). An offshore tanker berth consisting of mooring buoys, lies in depths of about 12m (39ft.) I mile WSW of Punta Talara. A submarine pipeline extends E from the berth to the shore. Tankers with drafts up to 9.8m (32 ft.) can be accommodated at the berth. It is reported that due to the swell and strong undertow, vessels berthing alongside the moles are breasted off about 6m (20ft.) by hawsers to mooring buoys. Generally, vessels entering the harbor are limited to a length of about 200m ( 656 ft.) but it was reported that vessels up to 250m ( 820 ft.) have been handled. Pilots.-Pilotage is compulsory. Pilots will board the ship at anytime of the day or night, unless the berths are occupied, in which case the ship should anchor and the pilot will embark when there is an open berth. Ships should give their ETA to the Port Captain by radio at least 24 hours prior to arrival. The port can be contacted by VHF. Pilots generally board vessels about 11h miles NW of Punta Talara and tankers 11h miles WNW of the same point. Landmarks-Aids.-Landmarks in the vicinity of Talara are not readily identified ifover 8 miles distant as the terrain appears as an unbroken ridge of sand with mountains in the background. Cerro Tres Picos (4°33'S., 81°17'W.) 'is a conspicuous peak. A prominent building stands on Punta Macara and two high and conspicuous tanks stand about I mile E of the point. A prominent water tower and a conspicuous television tower stand 800 yards and l 1h miles, respectively, SSW of Punta Rocallosa. A flare which is conspicuous when lit, is situated close S of the water tower .. A main light is shown from a prominent tower !Om (33ft.) high, standing on Punta Talara. A signal station stands close NE of the light tower. A range indicates the entrance fairway to the harbor. An aeronautical radio beacon is located about 11h miles ENE of Punta Talara. ' Caution.-Vessels should avoid anchoring near the submarine cables charted NW of the harbor. Vessels must not navigate between the offshore tanker berth and the shore. Pub. 125 42 SECTOR 3. CABO BLANCO, PERU TO ARICA, CHILE Oil structures are located within the approaches from its mouth, located 19 miles SE of Punta to the port. Parinas, as far as 7 miles inland. Caleta Colan, Due to the current, vessels should exercise cauabout 7 miles SE of Rio Chira, affords anchorage tion while awaiting a pilot as steerageway may be in 9.1 to ll.Om ( 5 to 6 fm), sand, about 1I 4 mile lost with the ship setting E of the entrance range 5 offshore.The town is a resort and has a conspicuous and grounding. church with a belfry. Caleta Colan is used by fishAnchorage.-Vessels may find good holding ing craft but local knowledge is required. ground in depths of9 to 18m (29 to 59 ft.) between Bahia de Paita (5 °02 'S., 81 °06'W.) is a large, 314 to I mile NW of Punta Talara. Small vessels open bight between an unnamed point located 2 may anchor in an area, the limits of which are miles S of Rio Chira and Punta Erada, about 9 shown on the chart, about 600 yards NNW ofPun-miles SSW. The latter point terminates in a dark ta Talara. Tankers bound for the offshore berth bluff. Steep-to underwater rocks lie at least 200 may anchor about 11h miles WNW of Punta Tayards off the point. Calata Tierra Colorada lara in-depths of 45 m ( 147 ft.), good holding ( 5 °04'S., 81 °09'W.) lies between Punta Erada and ground. 15 Punta Interior J314 miles E. There are some prominent tanks and buildings, including a fish process 3.04 Punta Parinas (4o 40'S., 81 °20'W.) lies ing plant and a whaling factory, at the head of the about 5 miles SSW of Punta Arena. The coast bebight. Two small piers extend from the shore and tween is cliffy in many places, with valleys fronted two mooring buoys are situated in the cove. A lightby dunes between the heights. A shoal bank front-er, used by fishing craft, is moored in the cove and ing this stretch of coast extends to the ll.Om ( 6 a submarine pipeline extends from the lighter to fm) curve. There are several reported dangers conthe shore. A small pier extends from a point on sisting of detached shoals lying inside or close seatheE side ofthe cove about 800 yards SW ofPunta ward ofthe 20m (II fm) curve, and which are best Interior.seen on the chart. Vessels should pass at least 3 25 Anchorage can be taken in depths of 16 to 20m miles offshore. (52 to 65ft.) at the entrance to the bay and about Punta Parinas, a conspicuous bluff 50m (164ft.) 1h mile N of the fish meal plant. Depths decrease in elevation, is the W extremity of South America. irregularly between the anchorage and the head The point is separated from a range of hills SE of of the bay.it by low land so that from Nor S the point appears as two islets. Pinnacle rocks and a reef 'front the point. A main light is shown at the point PAITA (5°05'S., 81 °07'W.) Negritos (Punta Parinas) (4o 40'S., 81 o 19'W.) World Port Index No. 15 170 (World Port Index No. 15180).-Negritos is an oil 35center, part of the Talara complex and comes under the Talara Port Captaincy. The town, about 3.05 The port and town of Paita occupy the 11h miles NE of Punta Parinas, is conspicuous head ofan open bight indenting the coast between from offshore due to the lights of the derricks and Punta Interior and Caleta Colan about 53I 4 miles other oil installations. NE. An offshore tanker berth cons1stmg of four Winds-Weather.--Paita is the best of this type of open port on the coast. It is well-sheltered mooring buoys, lies in a depth of 12.2m (40 ft.) about 11h miles N of Punta Parinas. A submarine from the prevailing winds and there is no swell so that cargo can be worked without interruption. The pipeline extends from the berth SSE to the shore. Vessels up to 35,000 dwt and 213m (700 ft.) in 45 weather is always hot; very little, if any rainfall length with drafts of 11m (36 ft.) can be handled. occurs and there is only an exceptional storm from Pilots are embarked at Talara. '· the N quadrant. Fog does not occur. Anchorage.-Good anchorage may be taken in Tides-Currents.-The near range oftide is 1.2m depths of 8 to 12m (26 to 39ft.), rock and sand, (4ft.), while the spring range is 1.5m (5 ft.). Tides about 314 mile NW of the town. here ate affected. by the winds, and may rise as much as 3.6m (12 ft.). Punta Erada (Punta Paita) (5°04'S., 81 °09'W.) ' Cautions.-Depths shoal regularly from the lies about 25 miles SSE ofPunta Parinas. The coast 1'8.3m ( 10 fm) curve, to the ll.Om (6 fm) curve about 1h mile off the town. A shorebank, defined between is low, sandy and pounded by heavy surf. by the 5.5m (3 fm) curve, extends 1I 4 mile offshore. Generally, this stretch of coast is steep-to, but 55 soundings are insufficient. A prominent tank stands Vessels are advised not to close the shore in depths near the coast about 4 miles SE of Punta Parinas less than 12.8m (7 fm) as depths may shoal abrupt light tower. The Rio Chira is navigable by boats ly in places. Pub. 125 SECTOR 3. CABO BLANCO, PERU TO ARICA, CHILE Vessels should not confuse the lights in Tierra Colorada for those in Paita when approaching port from the S. Oil structures may be located in the approaches to the port. 5 The port is sheltered from the prevailing SE winds by the high ground but heavy swells have been reported. · Berths.-The principal pier in the port extends 475m ( 1,558 ft.) NW from the shore E of the town, 10 and has 4 berths. It is reported that the pier has depths of7 to 9.7m (23 to 32ft.) alongside. A ma neuvering area, marked by buoys, is situated in the vicinity of the head of the pier. It is reported that a tanker berth, consisting of 15 mooring buoys connected to the shore by subma rine pipeline, lies close E of the pier. Vessels of up to 200m ( 656 ft.) in length and 9.4m (31 ft.) draft have been accommodated in the port. 20 Landmarks-Aids.-The town, built on a slope and foot of a hill, is scarcely visible as the houses have identical colors with the cliffs behind them. Except at the town, sand cliffs rise abruptly from the shores of the bight. 25 A prominent cathedral and custom house building stand in the town. A prominent radio mast stands about 700 yards SSW of the root of the pier. A fish processing plant with a conspicuous tower, stands about 1 mile WNW of the pier. 30 A main light is shown from a tower standing close W of the fish plant. Range lights are shown from metal framework towers with daymarks, located at the head and within the root of the main pier. The range leads through the approach and 35 to the pier. Pilots.-Pilotage is compulsory. Pilots board NW of the pier. ETA should be sent at least 24 hours in advance. The port can be contacted by ffiR ~ Anchorage.-Designated anchorage areas, the limits of which may be seen on the chart, are located in the bay; No. 1 area is for general cargo vessels in depths of 18.6m (61 ft.). No. 2 area is for fishing vessels in depths of 17m (56 ft.). No. 3 area is for 45general cargo vessels and fishing vessels in depths of 13m (43 ft.). No.4 area is for dangerous cargo vessels in depths of 16m (52 ft.). No. 5 area is for quarantine in depths of 15m (49 ft.). No. 6 area is for small craft in depths of 2 to 6m ( 6 to 20 ft.). No. 7 area is for naval vessels in depths of 17m 50 (56 ft.) Punta Foca (5°14'S., 81 °l2'W.) 67m (220ft.) high, lies about 9 miles S of Punta Erada (Punta 55Paita), The coast between rises abruptly to high cliffs and is apparently steep-to, however, lack of sufficient soundings make it advisable to keep at least 3 miles offshore. Care must be exercised not to mistake Punta Capitala ( 5 °08'S., 81 o ll'W. ), a rocky spur projecting 1 mile offshore, for Punta Foca. Cerro Silla de Paita is a range of three isolat ed, high hills lying 41h miles ENE of Punta Foca. The hills make an excellent landmark, varying in color from bright yellow to black according to the sun's position, however, from the N only they ap pear as a saddle. Isla Foca , marked by a light, lies 1h mile NW of the point. The passage within the rock is foul and rocks fringe the islet for about 1h mile. A dan gerous below-water rock lies 11/4 miles NW of the N end of Isla Foca. Anchorage can be taken in a depth of ll.Om ( 6 fm) about 400 yards off the NE end of the islet. Caution.-A submarine exercise area is located about 48 miles WSW of Isla Foca. Bahia de Sechura (5o 40'S., 81 °00'W.) occupies a bight that recedes about 15 miles E between Punta Foca and Punta Aguja, about 36 miles SSE. The N shore of the bay is high and cliffy, whereas the E and S shores are low and backed by sandhills. The terrain inland is a low coastal plain for miles. Depths are ample for ships in the bay and approaches. A shoal of 6m ( 19 ft.) lies on the W edge of a shore bank extending about 6 miles off the SE side of the bay. Soundings are lacking in the S of the bay. Currents.-The current generally runs out of Bahia de Sechura. Off Isla Foca the current sets NW, but vessels bound S into the bay have experienced a slight current setting S. Between Isla Foca and Punta Erada (Punta Paita) the current sets N, but it is hardly felt N of Punta Erada. Off Punta Falsa, when the current is setting strongly NW in the offing, a current setting S has been experienced close inshore and in Bahia de Sechura. Near Punta Falsa, a strong S or SW set is frequent. Rio Piura (5°34'S., 80°52'W.) empties into Bahia de Sechura about 29 miles SE of Punta Foca. The town of Sechura, about 4 miles upriver, can be reached by boat. The church in town has two high, prominent steeples and is a good landmark above the sandhills. Anchorage can be taken in depths of 9.1 to 21.9m ( 5 to 12 fm), sand, about one mile off the mouth of Rio Piura. The anchorage is exposed to wind and swell, but the holding ground is good. With local knowledge, anchorage.can be taken l 1h to 2 miles off the shore of Caleta Chullillache, 11h miles S of Rio Piura, where the depths are 9.1 to l6.5m (5 to 9 fm). Matacaballo ( 5 °39'S., 80°5l'W.) and La Salina (5°50'S., 80°57'W.) are two, small shipping places along the SE side of the bay which should be approached with local knowledge as depths are uncertain. Anchorage can be taken in 9.1 to 12.8m Pu~. 125 SECTOR 3. CABO BLANCO, PERU TO ARICA, CHILE ( 6 to 7 fm ), seaward of a shorebank which extends and vessels should stay at least 11h miles offshore about 3 miles off La Salina. when rounding the point. A main light is shown from the point. 3.06 Puerto Bayovar (5°50'S., 81 °03'W.) (World Port Index No. 15140).-The port is a roadstead in the S end of Bahia de Sechura off Punta Lagunas, which is located about 21I 4 miles SE of Punta Aguja. Punta Bayovar and the small village of Bayovar lie about PI4 miles SSE of low, sandy Punta Lagunas. Winds-Weather.-The port is sheltered from the prevailing winds. Land and sea breezes blow regularly. The sea breeze is moderate from be tween W and NW and lasts from I 000 or II 00 to 1400 or 1500. It then shifts to S or SE and freshens. The land breeze starts about 2100 and continues for about 12 hours. Protection from the sea and swell is afforded by Punta Aguja. Tides-Currents.-The mean tidal rise at Pueto Bayouvar is I m (3 ft.) while the spring tide rises 1.3m ( 4 ft.). A strong set towards the main berth has been reported and should be guarded against. Aspect-Landmarks.-A lighthouse, painted in black and white bands, stands on a hill behind the town and is prominent. Radio masts lie about 500 yards S of the light, and exhibit aircraft warning lights. Range lights, shown from two white towers when aligned 235 o, lead into port. Depths-Limitations.-Bayovar Oil Terminal (5°47'S., 81 °03'W.), at the end of a Trans-Andean pipeline, consists of a T -head pier about 118m (387 ft.) long with a berthing face 150m (492ft.) long in depths of 27m (88ft.). There are four breasting dolphins and two sets of mooring dolphins, the latter staggered so that the inner pair take springs and the outer pair head and stern lines so that the overall length of the installation is 450m (1,476 ft.). The T-head pier will accommodate tankers of 250,000 dwt with a maximum length of 400m ( 1,312 ft.) and a maximum draft of21.9m (71 ft.). Pilotage.-Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels berthing at the oil terminal, and for the anchorage ifit is the Master's first trip to this terminal. Vessels are met about 21h miles NE of the terminal. Vessels should send their ETA and request for pilotage to the local authorities at least 2.4 hours in advance of arrival. The pilot should be contacted via VHF about 2 hours before that time. Berthing is conducted in daylight only, while unberthing takes place around the clock. Anchorage.-Anchorage is available in a depth of about 30m (98ft.) with Punta Aguja 31h miles distant, and bearing 250 o. Punta Aguja (5o49'S., 81 °04'W.) is a cliffy headland with a conical hill at its N end. Submerged rocks lie at least 1h mile off the headland Pub. 125 There is a cove on the NE side of Punta Nonura about 5 miles SW of Punta Aguja, which is sheltered and affords anchorage in depths of 16.5 to 20.1m (9 to II fm) about 114 mile off the stream that empties through the beach at the head of the cove. Punta Falsa lies about 9 miles SW of Punta Aguja. The coast between rises abruptly to a tableland. PUNTA FALSA TO MORRO GUANAPE 3.07 General Remarks.-The coast trends generally SE for 208 miles from Punta Falsa to Morro Guanape. Fog is frequent off this coast between December and late April. Depths offthis coast tend to decrease Jess rapidly than along other portions of the South American coast, but the rate of decrease varies widely. The lOOm (54 fm) curve is charted about 5314 miles offPunta Falsa, while it lies up to 43 miles offshore S of Isla Lobos de Afuera. The most dangerous area to navigation off this coast is the passage between Isla Lobos de Tierra and the coast, and also the coast S to Pimentel as strong and variable sets may be encountered, which will be described later. The coast between Punta Negra and Punta Eten (6°57'N., 79°52'W.) is low, sandy, and backed by desert that continues inland to the Andes. Near Punta Eten there are detached mountains about 7 miles inland. ' Off-Lying Islands.-Isla Lobos de Tierra ( 6 °26'S., 80°5l'W.), from which a light is shown, lies 9 miles offshore. This island, a source of guano, is 51h miles long, 2 miles wide, with rugged hills rising abruptly from its shores. The passage between the island and mainland is not recommended because of the irregular bottom and strong currents. Islets, rocks, and foul ground lie··off the S end of the island as far as 91h miles SSW and SW where there are depths of 12.8m ( 7 fm ). A small jetty and some buildings stand in Caleta Juanchuquita on the E side of the island about 2 miles from the N extremity. It is reported that the channel betw'een the the island and the coast has not been completely sur.veyed. Therefore large vessels and small vessels without local knowledge are advised not to use the channel. Anchorage, preferred, can be taken in depths of 11.0 to I8.3m (6 to 10 fm), sand, about 114 to 1h mile off the landing and houses in Caleta SECTOR 3. CABO BLANCO, PERU TO ARICA, CHILE Juanchuquita. This anchorage is sheltered from the prevailing SW swell. Islas Lobos de Afuera (6°56'S., 80°43'W.), a small group of barrier islets and rocks, lie about 35 miles off the mainland. The entire group of 5 high, rugged, brown and white colored islets is less than 3 miles long and steep-to. A channel about 40 yards wide and 7.5m ( 4 fm) deep separates the two largest islets. There is a settlement at the S islet. Local knowledge is required to approach the 10group. A shoal with a least depth of 14.6m (47ft.) over it, lies about 2 miles WSW of the group. Currents in the vicinity of both groups of off-lying islets are strong and irregular. Fog usually obscures the islets m early morning. Vessels approaching the islet groups from the S have been 15 set as much as 36 miles W of their course in 24 hours, and at other times as much to the E. After a strong S breeze, a W set may be expected. Anchorage, sheltered, can be taken in Puerto Grande, located on the E side of the NE largest 20 .islet. The anchorage area is about 1/4 mile offshore in depths of 21. 9m ( 12 fm ), sand. There is a 2.7 m (9ft.) rocky patch about 400 yards offshore at the S part of the anchorage. Caleta del Horns, on the NW side of the group, lies in the SE part of a bay 25 between the two large islets. The infet is at least 400, yards wide and extends about 1h mile SE. Anchorage can be taken anywhere in the inlet in depths of 10.1 to 29.3m (5 1h to 16 fm), rock. There are several rocky, detached shoals in the approach-30 es to the inlet. Local knowledge is necessary to enter the inlet and also Bahia Landrou, located between the SW large island and a chain of islets extending SE from the NE principal islet. The best anchorage in Bahia Landrou is near the head of 35 the bay in depths of 14.6 to 2l.9m (8 to 12 fm). 3.08 The Coast.-Punta Falsa (5°55'S., 81 °09'W.) is a bluff-like eminence 50m ( 164 ft.) high projecting from the coast. A fog bank frequently covers the lower 40parts. A steep-to islet lies 1 mile WNW of the point and is difficult to identify. A light is shown from the point. Punta Negra, from which a light is shown, lies 10 miles S of Punta Falsa. Cerro Illescas, a massive summit sloping down 45 to the sea, stands E of Punta Falsa. Punta Negra is the S spur extending seaward from Cerro Illescas. Pimentel Church Oil Ta':tks Radio Mast : Wat~r Tower Pimentel (6°50'S., 79°56'W.) (World Port Index No. 15110).-The port and town of Pimentel is located about 4 miles SSE of San Jose, a fishing village and summer resort. Pimentel, an open roadstead, is a port of entry. Landmarks.-The shore of the roadstead is formed ofhigh sand dunes. A conspicuous sandhill, on which stands a beacon, is located I mile NNW ofa prominent church, from which a light is shown, at the N part of town. A radio mast, towers and oil storage tanks are all conspicuous. A cross atop the church is highly visible from offshore. An aeronautical radiobeacon is located about 7 miles NE of the town. Caution.-Both seas and swells, which often come up suddenly, interrupt cargo operations at the anchorage. A detached shoal with a depth of 5.9m ( 19 ft.) over it, is reported to lie about 3 miles WSW of San Jose. A dangerous rock, the position of which is doubtful, lies about 3 miles WSW of the pierhead. Berths.-Berths for small coastal vessels and lighters are available at a pier about 567m ( 1816 ft.) in length, with a depth of 5.4m (18 ft.) at its head. Most of the cargo handled at the port is transferred by lighter to and from vessels moored at anchor. Pilotage.-Pilotage is not compulsory but available. Vessels should transmit their ETA 24 hours prior to arrival to the Port Captain and Agent. Vessels arrive and depart at any time. Anchorage can be taken in depths of I 0 to llm (33 to 36ft.), about l 1h to 2 miles SW of the pier. Vessels should use .caution when approaching the port so as to avoid the many lighters and small craft in the vicinity of the anchorage areas, which do. not carry proper lights or none at all. Punta Eten (6°57'S:, 79°53'W.) lies about 8 miles SE of Pimentel. The coast between is low and sandy. Breakers extending about 1 mile offshore can, at times, be heard for several miles. Shorebanks, reported to extend 3 miles offshore, are to be avoided. Santa Rosa, a fishing village and resort, is located in a cove 31h miles SE of Pimentel, near Punta Santa Rosa from which a light is shown. Morro Eten is a. double-peaked, high hill with a . ----........ . Pta. Sta. Ro.,o I /.,-,-_~~.:;:,J~~v:;.l!f.';~,:;::-:~~~~--=-1"-·-- Pier PIMENTEL ROADSTEAD FROM POSITION 1.5 MILES SW OF THE CHURCH Pub. 125 SECTOR 3. CABO BLANCO, PERU TO ARICA, CHILE steep cliff facing the sea, less than 1h mile within the point. The hill is marked by a light shown from a tower standing on the summit, and is an excellent mark from seaward. 3.09 Puerto Eten (6°56'S., 79°5l'W.) (World Port Index No. 15090).-Puerto Eten consists of an open roadstead, a jetty, and an offshore tanker berth. Cargo is lightered to vessels at the anchor age. The jetty 840m (2,755 ft.) long, extends SW from a point about 3/4 mile N of Punta Eten. There are depths of 5 to 6m (16 to 19 ft.) alongside. It was reported ( 1979) that due to the damage caused by a storm during 1978, the port was closed for cargo operations. It was reported (1988) that the port had reopened. . An Offshore Tanker Berth is located about }1/4 miles SSE of Punta Eten. A submarine pipeline extends NE from the berth to the shore. The berth lies in a depth of 12m ( 39 ft.), and is equipped with mooring buoys. The local authorities should be contacted for the latest information on depths, dangers, and regulations at this terminal before attempting to berth here. Anchorage, can be had in a depth of 12m (39 ft.) 3fof a mile SW of the pierhead, over a bottom 4 of clay and sand. Anchorage in 21.9m ( l2 fm), about 3 miles SW of the pier is feasable, but the long swells cause heavy rolling. Even at the inner anchorage the swells that occur from June through October, but particularly in May and June, can make the anchorage very uncomfortable and interrupt lighter operations. Punta Pacasmayo (7°25'S., 79°35'W.) lies about 33 miles SE of Punta Eten. The coast between is generally low with some cliffs in places. Punta Cherrepe about 15 1h miles NNW of Punta Pacasmayo, is a highly visible coastal projection having above-and below water rocks, including Roca Antartica, lying up to 1 mile off it. Punta Pacasmayo is fronted by rocks and shoals on which the sea breaks heavily in bad weather. A light is shown from a square tower 11m ( 36 ft.) high, standing on the point. Pacasmayo (r24'S., 79°35'W.) (World Port Index No. 15080).-The lightering port ofPacasmayo occupies a bight which recedes one mile E on the N side ofsandy Punta Pacasmayo. Except for Salaverry, this bight affords the best anchorage on the coast between Laita and Chimbote. It is fairly well sheltered from the S sea and swell by Punta Pacasmayo, but that low point does not afford protection from the S winds. The latter usually blow hard after noon, particularly in winter. A heavy Pub. 125 swell sometimes interrupts port operations, but ves sels are not forced to put to sea. August, September and October are the worst months for these sea conditions. Ashore there is very little humidity due to the prevailing S wind. Depths decrease regularly from the ll.Om (6 fm) curve which lies 2 miles seaward of the shores. Depths of less than 5.5m ( 3 fm) exist up to 1h mile off the pierhead and rocky, foul ground of 6.5m (3 1h fm) lies 1/4 mile farther. There are depths of less than 2.5m (8ft.) up to lf4 mile W of the pierhead. The lighterage pier about 533m ( 1,750 ft.) long, extends seaward from a point about 1 mile NNE ofPunta Pacasmayo. Originally 730m (2,394 ft.) long, the pier was damaged by a storm which has left piles awash that are a danger to small craft. Landmarks.-ThetownofPacasmayoissituated along the shores of the bight NE of the point. Cliffs back the shore N and S of town which is fronted by a beach. A dark, square building is very conspicuous atop the cliffs on the N side of the point. Pilotage is not compulsory, but may be arranged through the Port captain's office on VHF channel l6 during working hours. Anchorage.-The commercial anchorage area 0 r d h f (33 b Ies 10 ept s 0 lOrn ft.) a out 1 mile W of the pierhead. The quarantine and dangerous cargo area lies in depths of lOrn (33ft.) about 1112 miles NW of the pierhead. Punta Malabrigo (7°42'S., 79°28'W.) a high islet lying close off a promontory, is located about 19 miles SSE of Punta Pacasmayo. The coast between is low, with sandy beaches bad:~d by cliffs. Punta Arcana 7 miles SSE of Punta Pacasmayo, with a village on its N side, is low and fronted for about 1/2 mile by rocks on which the sea breaks. Cerro Puemape 259m (850 ft.) in elevation with sharp peaks and steep sides, is a prominent landmark rising 1 mile NE of Pt·.nta Arcana. Cerro Malabrigo 248m (813 ft.) in elevation and marked by a cairn, rises 1 mile ESE of Punta Malabrigo and appears as an island from seaward. 3.10 Puerto Malabrigo (Puerto Chicama) (7°42'S., 79°27'W.) (World Port Index No. 15070).-This privately owned small port occupies a bight that recedes 2 miles E on the N side of Punta Malabrigo. Cargo, mainly fishmeal, is lightered for export. Depths decrease gradually from the 9.1 m ( 5 fm) curve, about 2 miles off the town. Roca Reindeer and Roca Garcia, with depths of 4.0m ( 13 ft.) and 2.lm (7 ft.) over them, respectively, lie about 3/4 mile and 400 yards WNW of the pierhead in port. A 4.5m ( 15 ft.) rocky patch lies close ESE of Roca Reindeer, also a 6.5m (21ft.) rocky patch lies 3/4 SECTOR 3. CABO BLANCO, PERU TO ARICA, CHILE mile NNW of the pierhead. Lighted buoys mark some of these dangers. Berths at a 823m (2,700 ft.) long pier are con fined to the N side, which can be used only by lighters, due to the heavy swell and N -going cur-5 rent which makes the S side unsafe. Pilotage is not needed and pilots may not be available. Submarine pipelines lying N of the pier connect mooring dolphins, used by fishing craft, to the fish 10 processing plants ashore. Caution.-At night vessels should not pass in shore of the buoy marking Roca Reindeer as light ers, without lights, are moored in the vicinity. Fresh breezes occur in port from noon to sunset 15 and are more prevalent during June, July, and Au gust. Strong squalls and swells accompany the winds. Anchorage.-A commerical area, shown on the chart, lies in depths of lOrn (33 ft.) about 11h miles 2° NW of the pierhead. A quarantine and dangerous cargo area, shown on the chart, lies about 2 miles W of the pier head in depths of II m ( 36 ft.). A depth of7.6m (25 ft.) lies close N of the commercial anchorage area. 25 Islas Macabi (1°49'S., 79°29'W.) lying 5 miles SSW of Punta Malabrigo, are two islets separated by a boat passage spanned by a bridge. The islets, which appear as one from a distance, are marked 30 by a light. Anchorage can be taken in depths of 16.5 to 27.4m (9 to 15 fm), sand, off theE side of the N islet. Vessels should navigate with extreme caution near Islas Macabi, at night or in poor visibility, due 35 to the many small craft normally operating in the vicinity. Punta Huanchaco (8°05'S., 79°06'W.) lies about 30 miles SE of Punta Malabrigo. The coast 40 between is indented by many, unimportant small bights. As far as the Rio Chicama, 16 miles SE of Punta Malabrigo, the coast is low and sandy. The river valley is verdant and conspicuous in contrast to the arid land on either side. Village lights in the 45 valley, visible from offshore, include a lighted sugar millE of the river mouth. Three conical sandhills, in the form of a triangle; lie I mile S of the mouth of the river. From Rio Chicama to Huanchaco, the coast is 50 cliffy and interspersed by sandy beaches. Surf, breaking heavily on this coast, can be heard well offshore. Cerro Campana, with 3 peaks, and conical Cerro Huanchaco are prominent peaks rising 55 5 and .6 miles inland. Punta Huanchaco is fronted by dangerous rocks and shoals on which the sea breaks. A dangerous rock is reported to lie about 71h miles WSW of the point. Huanchaco, a former small port which is now a resort, is located on the N side of the point. An aeronautical radiobeacon is located close SE of the point. Morro Guanape, a very high and prominent hill, stands about 25 miles SSE of Punta Huanchaco. The coast between consists of sandy beaches, backed by low sandhills and cliffs. Heavy surf pounds this coast. Ranges of peaked mountains, about 7 to 9 miles inland, back the coast between Morro Guanape and the port ofSalaverry 13 miles NNW. Trujillo, a city and provincial capital, is located SE of Huanchaco and Ph miles inland. Because of its higher altitude, the city lights make a good landmark. Morro Guanape, rising within a low point, appears as an island when seen from s. SALAVERRY (8°14'8., 78°59'W.) World Port Index No. 15050 3.11 Salaverry, a town and rail terminal, is the shipping port for Trujillo and the surrounding sugar producing area including a mining complex 75 miles inland. The port consists of a basin protected by a main breakwater and an offshore tanker berth close N of the entrance. It is reported that vessels up to 25,000 dwt have been accommodated within the port. Winds-Weather.-The prevailing winds are SW. Mists and showers occur from April to November, and there are light seasonal rains from December to March. Heavy swells, which may occur from May to October, can interrupt cargo operations for vessels anchored outside the breakwater. These swells may be accompanied by high seas which usually continue for 3 days, on an average of about 3 days a month, and operations are difficult for another 6 days. May and June are reported to be the worst months for swells. During January through March a thick fog often occurs in the early morning, but usually it clears by, noon. However, the fog may last for several days. Tides-Currents.-Tides at Salaverry are semi-diurnal, with an average range of 0.8m (2 ft.). The spring range is 1.1 m ( 3 ft.) Currents set NE at about 1h knot. Within the harbor however, currents tend to set to the S with appreciable value, causing problems for vessels at anchor, or alongside the piers. Depths-Limitations.-A breakwater, which forms and shelters the harbor, extends about I ,300 yards NW where an elbow leads SW for 140 yards. Pub. 125 SECTOR 3. CABO BLANCO, PERU TO ARICA, CHILE SALAVERRY .A light is shown at the elbow. In spite of the breakwater, the harbor is exposed to sea and swell, even alongside the piers, and silting throughout the harbor is a constant problem that requires periodic 30 dredging to maintain. depths. A bank of shingle fringes the breakwater, extending 300 yards N of its head. Shoaling was reported along the inner side ofthe seaward end ofthe breakwater. Three breakwaters extending SW from theE shore, offer some 35 prote~tion from N and are designed to reduce siltation in the harbor basin. Another breakwater was reported ( 1987) to be under contruction extending from the seaward face of the main breakwater, near its root. 40 Depths in the approach channel; which is buoyed, and the roadstead is reportedly main tained at a depth of 9m (29 ft.), but siltation is rapid and heavy. Vessels are advised to consult the 45 local authorities for the latest information on depths in the harbor and at berth before attempt ing to berth here. It was reported thata heavy swell frequently enters the harbor, forcing vessels working cargo to anchor outside. Breakers are charted off the har-50 bor's NE, E, and SW sides, but the position of the surfline depends on the weather-with much swell, it'extends a little beyond' the 5:5m {3 fm) edge of the coastal. bank. · . · ·· '·Berths.:_Two piers, each about 225m (738 ft) 55 long with depths of 8.5m (273/4 ft.) alongside, extend NW from· the SE side of the harbor basin. Pub. 125 An offshore tanker berth consisting of four mooring buoys, is located in depths of about 8m (26 ft.) 1h mile N of the main breakwater head. A submarine pipeline extends NE from the berth to the shore. Landmarks--Aids.-Morro Carretas rises abruptly from the sea on the S side of the port and is an excellant landmark. The hill stands out well and appears higher than its acutal elevation especially when the mountains inland are obscured by mist. Cerro Chiputur (Garita) standing about 4 miles NE of Morro Carvetas is prominent. A main light is shown from the summit of Morro Carvetas. By day, the buildings and church towers ofTrujillo, 8 miles NNW, are prominent. Pilots.-Pilotage is compulsory. Pilots, on advance notice, will board ships during the daytime at a position about 3/4 mile W of the breakwater head. The authorities board in the harbor or at the piers when the gangway is lowered. Pilotage is not required outbound from the anchorage. The port may be contacted by VHF. Anchorage.-No. 1 anchorage for tankers is located in depths of 9.5m (31 ft.), sand and mud, P /4 miles NW of the breakwater head. No. 2 anchorage for general cargo vessels is located in depths of 9.6 to 10.9m (31 to 36 ft.) about 1,700 yards W of the breakwater head. No. 3 anchorage for dangerous cargo is located in depths of l l m (36 ft.), sand and mud about l mile WSW of the breakwater head. No.4 anchorage for dredgers, military and scientific craft is located in depths of SECTOR 3. CABO BLANCO, PERU TO ARICA, CHILE 9.3m ( 30 ft.) 650 yards W of the breakwater head. The outer anchorages are subject to heavy rollers especially between May and June • MORRO GUANAPE TO CALLAO 1250304 MORRO CARRETAS BEARING 070°, DISTANT 1800 YARDS· Ilia del Sur light·tower, bearing 167°, distant 10 miles, l•lo del Norte 1250)05 ISLAS DE GUANAPE FROM NNW 3.12 IslasdeGuanape(8°33'S., 78°57'W.)consist oftwo small islands about 11I 4 miles apart, with adjacent islets and rocks, lying about 6 miles SW of Morro Guanape. Isla del Sur, the most S ·and highest island, exhibits a light. Isla del Norte is larger but lower and more level. Los Leones Marinos, above-and below-water rocks, lie up to 314 mile NW of Isla del Norte. Two islets and an above-water rock lie 114 and 1h mileS and SW, respectively, of Isla del Norte. Islas de Guanape appear whitish ,in color and during the season of fog (June-Nov.) allowance must be made for the offshore current. The .channel between Islas de Guanape and the mainland is deep and free of dangers in midchannel. Anchorage can be taken in 21.9 to 36.6m (12 to 20 fm) close off the N side of Isla del Sur. The best anchorage off Isla del Norte is about 114 mile NE of the NE extremity in about 20.1 m (II fm) sand and mud. Anchorage can also be taken close off the E side of that island in 14.6 to 2l.9m (8 to 12 fm). Punta Chao ( 8 o 46'S., 78 o 44'W.) lies about 21 1h miles SE of Morro Guanape. The coast between recedes slightly, is low and sandy but rises to high ground inland. Cerro Chao, 491 m ( 1610 ft.) in elevation, is a prominent high hill standing 12 1h miles N of Punta Chao and about 21h miles inland. Morro Chao 348m ( 1141 ft.) in elevation, rises about 11h miles E of Punta Chao, and is conspicuous. Isla Chao, about 2 miles WSW of Punta Chao, is the largest and southernmost of a group of guano-covered islets and rocks. A group of rocks on which the sea always breaks, lies 11h miles NW of the N islet of the Chao group. The channel be tween these dangers and the mainland is deep and clear, but not recommended. Punta Santa (9°00'S., 78°40'W.) lies about 15 miles SSE of Punta Chao. The coast between is low and sandy, backed by high hills inland. Several dangers lie up to 5 miles offshore. Roca Rompiente, a dangerous rock over which the sea breaks, lies about 5 miles SSE of Punta Chao and J314 miles offshore. Isla de Ia Viuda, · guano-covered and rugged, is situated about 3 miles SE of Roca Rompiente. Islas .el Corcovado with prominent cliffs on the W side and gentle slopes on theE, is white with guano and lies about 4 miles NW of Punta Santa. The sea breaks heavily on a dangerous rock on its N side. A dangerous wreck lies 5 miles W of Punta Santa. Rio Santa is one of the largest and most rapid rivers on the coast ofPeru. It flows through a broad valley bounded on each side by peaked hills and empties into the sea about 11h miles NNE ofPunta Santa. The river delta is low and shallow. Punta Santa is a small rocky peninsula rising to about 141m ( 462 ft.). A rock 1 &m (59 ft) in elevation, lies close off it. The peninsula appears detached from offshore and resembles an island due to the low valley behind it. Bahia Santa, on the NE side of ~he peninsula, is protected from S and affords anchorage in a depth of 9.1 m ( 5 fm ), sand, about 1h mile NNE of the NW end of Punta Santa. There is a landing pier on the NE side of Punta Santa. Islas de Santa lie centered about 21I 4 miles SSW o~ Punta Santa. The three steep and. cliffy islets lymg close together, are separated by a gut 20 yards wide. A group of high, steep-to rocks lie 1h to 3I 4 mile W of the-S end of the most S islet. Anchorage can be taken in .a depth of 14.6m (8 fm), mud, 1h mile E of Islas de Santa. Bahia de Caisca extends 2 1h miles.SE from Punta Santa. Isla Monaque (Caisca), high and rocky, lies off the NE shore. ofthe bay about 1 mile SE of Punta Santa. The . channel between . Isla Monaque an? the m~inla~d is· used only by fishing craft. There Is a fishmg village at, the head of the bay protected by a small breakwater. Off the village a lighter, which is used by fishing craft, is conm~cted to the shore by a submarine pipeline Anchorage c~n be taken in the. SE part of the bay and 114 mile NW of a bluffwhere the cliffs end. Depths are about IO.Om,(5 1h fm) and there is very little swell but a pinnacle rock, which dries, lies close SW of the anchorage. · . Punta Chimbote lies 51h miles SSE of Punta Santa. A light is shown from the point The coast extending from Bahia de· Caisca. to the point is Pub. 125 SECTOR 3. CABO BLANCO, PERU TO ARICA, CHILE Isla del Sur, bearing 052° Monte Wickham ~ Isla dol Norte distant 6 miles +- Marro do Guan~---;. ~-----:----_ _ --------~ ~........ -.. 4P!rectr" ISLAS DE GUANAPE FROM POSITION 6 MILES SW backed by Cerros d~ Chimbote, a 'range of moun-10 tains of which dark and conical Cerro Chimbote, 59 1m ( 1,938 ft) in elevation, near the S end, is the highest. · Offshore.-Several reported shoal depths, which are shown on the chart, lie about 74 miles W of I5 Punta Chimbote; the least depth reported was 25.5m (83 ft.). A submarine exercise area lies about 100 miles WSW of Punta Chimbote. 20 PUERTO DE CHIMBOTE (9°05'S., 78°37'W.) 25 World Port Index No. 15030 3.13 The port and town ofPuerto de Chimbote occupies theN part of Bahia de Chimbote (Bahia de Ferrol) which recedes about 3 miles E between Punta Chimbote, the NW entrance point of the 30 bay, and a point about 51h miles SSE. Several islands lying in the bay entrance shelter the port which has alongside berths and anchorages with lightering facilities. Winds-Weather.-Bahia de Chimbote is well 35 protected from ocean swell, but the northern portion of the bay is subject to a daily cycle which continues year-round, almost without interruption. Heavy winds sweep off the surrounding hills generating a sea which may force a vessel to leave her 40 berth. Generally this occurs after midday, and lasts until sunset when the wind decreases or drops. By contrast, the S portion of the bay offers more shel ter from S winds, and the sea generated by it. Tides-Currents.-Tides here are semi-diurnal 45 with an average range of0.8m (2ft.), and a spring range of lm (3 ft.). Morro Santo Isla Santa bearing 357'bearing 357' Currents within the bay are of little significance, but between Paso del Norte and the piers, the current reaches rates of 1h to 11I 4 knots at the turn of the tide. Islands-Dangers.-The shores of Bahia de Chimbote are fronted by shoals with depths ofless than 6m ( 19 ft.) which extend up to 800 yards offshore for about 1 mile E of the mineral pier. Isla Blanca with a high, steep ridge extending the length of the island, lies with its N end about 1h mile S of Punta Chimbote; the W side of the island is colored white. Arrecife Blanco lying up to 900 yards W of Isla Blanca consists of a mass ofvisible shoals over which the sea breaks; the area has a least charted depth of 4.3m ( 14 ft. ).Roca Blanca the N and higher of two steep, white rocks, lies on the S side of the N entrance channel between Punta Chimbote and Isla Blanca. Roca Negra, above-water, lies 200 yards ENE of Punta Chimbote and N of the entrance channel; a rock with a depth of 3m ( 10 ft.) over it, lies close SE of Roca Negra. Islote Azimut, high and rocky, lies off the NE end of Isla Blanca where it is marked 200 yards E by a lighted buot · Islas de Ferrol (9 09'S., 78 37'W.) are steep-sided, appear white, and form a chain of islets and rocks lying up to P/4 miles NNW ofthe S entrance point of the bay. Islote Ferrol del Norte, the outermost islet, lies about Jl h miles S of Isla Blanca and on the S side of the main entrance channel. The islands of the group are quite high whereas the shores of the bay they front are backed by a low, bare, sandy plain with mountains farther inland. Cerro Peninsula about 11h miles SE of the SE entrance point, is the highest summit of the hilly peninsula that separates Bahia de Chimbote and Bahia de Samanco. A wreck with a depth of 10m (33 ft.) over it, lies in the center of the main entrance channel Cerra de Chimbate bearing 028' ISLA SANTA FROM S Pub. 125 SECTOR 3. CABO BLANCO, PERU TO ARICA, CHILE l ' Pub. 125 52 SECTOR 3. CABO BLANCO, PERU TO ARICA, CHILE about 1,700 yards SE of the S extremity of Isla lines connect the berth, which is in depths of 8m (26114 ft.), to the shore. Tankers up to 25,000 dwt Blanca. and 183m ( 600 ft.) in length can be handled. A floating drydock is situated in the S part of the large-vessel anchorage area about 1114 miles The floating drydock can accommodate vessels ESE of Islote Ferro! del Norte. Dangerous wrecks up to 40,000 dwt. · are charted abou~ 11I 4 miles ESE and 1 mile SE Pilots.-Pilotage is compulsory, and may be had of the drydock. · · at the anchorage, towards the E side ofIsla Blanca. Landmarks-Aids.-Several tanks, hotels, and Pilotage for entering the bay may be had by prior radio and television masts which stand on the arrangement; vessels awaiting thedilot for bay enshores ofthe bay, are conspicuous. A light is shown try should remain underway, an about 2 miles W of Isla Blanca by day or 2 miles off the light on the N side of Roca Blanca. A main light is shown from a tower 7m (23 ft.) high, standing near shown from Roca Blanca, by night. Vessels should radio their ETA to the Captain the S end of Isla Blanca. A light is shown from of the Port at least 24 hours in advance of arrival. the N extremity of Isla Ferro! del Norte. Pilotage may be requested on arrival from the Entrance Channels.-The harbor is entered via Port Captain's office via VHF channel 16, between three channels of which theN (Paso del Norte), 0745 and 1700, or at any other time with prior no about 109 yards wide, with a least depth of 21.9m tice. ( 12 fm), is used by ships with drafts up to 9.lm Anchorage.-Anchorage is available for vessels (30 ft.). There is a slight N set across the entrance with a draft no greater than IIm (36 ft.) within channel, with a considerable swell at times, which an area best seen on the chart E and SE of Isla makes steering difficult. It may be necessary, with Blanca Light. Smaller vessels may find anchorage heavy swells, to enter via the main channel and in another charted area located about I mile SE proceed to an anchorage. Depths decrease within of Pier No. I, in charted 'depths of 4.5 to 8.8m ( 15 the N entrance to about 8.5m (28 ft.) off Pier 1. to 29 ft.). Paso del Medio, the main entrance, is clear of There is good holding ground anywhere in thedangers, has depths over 18.5m ( 10 fm), shoaling bay, but it may be said that the nearer the vessel gradually approaching the shores of the bay. East can be to Isla Blanca, the better; here the bottomof Isla Blanca there are depths of 6 to 9m ( 19 to is softer, and there is more shelter in the event of29ft.) in the approaches to the piers. Vessels with as swell.a maximum draft of7.6m (25ft.) at low water transit Paso del Medio bound for the piers or an an3.14 Bahia de Samanco (90°14'S., 78°32'W.)chorage within the bay. Vessels loading from lightis separated from Bahia de Chimbote by a ers normally use this entrance. T-shaped peninsula that projects from the coast.Channels between Islas de Ferro! are recomThe outer part of the peninsular is steep, hilly, and mended for the use ofvessels with local knowledge rock-fringed; but the inner part is a low, sandy and small craft. isthmus. The highest summit is Cerro Peninsula,Berths.-Pier I, about 183m (600 ft.) long, is previously described. Isla Lobo (Isla Redonda),located at the outer end of a causeway at the NW lies close off the S end of the peninsular and formspart of the harbor. The pier offers depths of 8.5m the N entrance point of the bay. Punta Samanco,(28 ft.) off its head, depths of 8.2 to 8.5m (27 to about 2114 miles SE oflsla Lobo, is the S entrance 28 ft.) off its N face, and depths of 8.5m (28 ft.) point. It is a steep, rock-fringed bluff with off the S face. above-and below-water rocks lying up to 250 yards Pier 2, 54m ( 177 ft.) long with depths of 4.5m NW of it. The bay recedes about 5 miles NNE ( 15 ft.) alongside, extends off the inner E side of from the entrance. Within the bay the depths gradPier I and is mainly used by lighters being loaded. ually decrease to !Om (33ft.) and less about 1 mile Pier 3, located E of Pier 2, is equipped with a offshore. The only known dangers in the bay are conveyor belt system to handle iron ore for the steel in the vicinity oflsla el Grillo (Isla Pajaros) lying mill. Fishmeal is sometimes shipped from this pier 314 mile off the NE bluff of the bay, and off which which offer~ 1 berth 170m (557 ft.) in length off are sunken rocks extending a bout 300 yards on the pier's W face, with alongside depths of 8.5 to which the sea breaks. A rocky shoal with 7.3m (24 9.5m (28 to 31ft.). It was reported (1987) that ft.) over it ~as reported (1977) to lie 1' I 4 miles Pier 3 had depths alongside ofless than 5m ( 16 1h NE ofIsla Lobo. Landmarks in identifying the bay ft.). Several wrecks lie in the vicinity of the piers from the offing include Monte Campana, a beland are shown on the chart. l-shaped mountain rising 1'14 miles ENE of Punta There are several piers for the shipment of fish-Samanco. Cerro Samanco, eonical and high, is conmeal via lighters and small craft. spicuous about 21h miles NE of Monte Campana. Nuevo Samanco (9° 14'S., 78°30'W.) (World A tanker berth consisting of mooring buoys is situated off the E side of the bay. Submarine pipe-Port Index No. 15020).-Nuevo Samanco, on the Pub. 125 SECTOR 3. CABO BLANCO, PERU TO ARICA, CHILE · E shore of the bay, about 4 miles NE of Punta Sa manco, has a pier for lighters that is 250m (820 ft.) long with a depth of 5.2m (17 ft.) alongside. Silting is prevalent. There is a prominent chimney near the root of the pier. At Samanco, located P14 5 miles ENE of Punta Samanco, a pier extends 350m ( 1,148 ft.) offshore with depths of about 3 to 4m ( 10 to 13 ft.) at its head. There are several mooring buoys near the pier. At Samanco there are fish pro cessing plants, oil tanks, a water tower and a prom inent chimney. Anchorage can be taken in a depth of 13m (7 fm), sand, about 1h mile W ofthe pierhead at Nue vo Samanco. There is an anchorage 1h mile off Caleta Guambacho, on theSE side of the bay, in 15 depths of 7.3 to ll.Om ( 4 to 6 fm), mud. The coast between Punta Samanco and Bahia de Casma, about 12 miles SSE, is bold and rocky. Bahia de los Chinos (9°2l'S., 78°26'W.), midway between is unexamined. Isla Los Chimu (Isla Viu da) lies off theN entrance point and IslaToi:tuga, shaped like a turtle, lies off the S one. Cerro Tortu ga, close E ofthe S entrance point, rises to an eleva tion of 41 Om ( 1,345 ft.) and is prominent. A rock with a depth of7.5m (241h ft.) over it, lies midway 25 between Isla Los Chimu and Isla Tortuga. Caleta Los Chimus, with a sandy beach on which the sea always breaks, is entered close S of Punta Saman co. Bahia de Casma (9°27'S., 78°23'W.) is entered between Cachola Sur and Cachola Norte, about J3 I 4 miles NW. The bay is identified by a sandy beach at the head ofthe bay, backed by sandhills, which contrasts with the dark rocks forming the headlands at the bay entrance. Above-and belo-35 w-water rocks lie off the entrance points ofthe bay. The former small port within the bay is closed. A light is shown close, S of the· S entrance point. Anchorage in depths of 7 to 10m (23 to 33 ft.), sand, p1ay be taken about 250 yards off the SE shore of the bay but it is advisable to moor as close as possible in the lee ofthe high land due to squalls which blow from midday to sunset. Punta Colina Redonda (9°38'S., 78°22'W.) lies about 11 miles SSE of Bahia de Casma. The coast 45 between is rocky and is backed by a range of steep hills that run parallel to it. Cerro Mongon, a high sharp peak, rises to an elevation of 1,12lm (3,677 ft.) about 4 miles E of Punta Colina Redonda; from S, this prominent feature appears as a long hill with a peak at each end. Morro Calvario is a steep bluff at the N end of the above range and forms the S headland ofBahia de Casma. Several dangerous rocks and islets lie off ~he coast between Bahia de Casma and Punta s:S Colma Redonda and may be seen on the chart. Punta Cabeza de Lagarto ( 10°07'S., 78°ll'W.) lies about 31 miles SSE of Punta Colina Redonda. Groups of small islets and above-water rocks are situated at several places along the coast between the two points and extend up to 1 mile seaward from the shore. The point ends in a steep cliff 88m (289ft.) high. A main light is shown from a tower 18m (59 ft.) high'witli a wind generator on top, standing on the point. . ! . 3;15 Bahia de Huarmey ( 10 °06'S., 78 o 10'W.) (World Port Index No. 15000).-Bahia de Huarmey, a port'where lighters are used exclusively, is engaged in shipping fishmeal. This very small bay is entered between Punta Lobitos, 1h mile NNE of Punta Cabeza de Lagarto, and Punta Boqueron about 2 miles NNE. Punta Boqueron is sharp-peaked with a white patch on it. The S shore of the bay is fronted by rocks for 200 yards off. TheE and SE shores are fronted by a 5.5m (3 fm) shorebank up to 400 yards off. Islote Corcovado, rocky, high and sheer, lies in the middle of the bay and is radar prominent. Islote Manache, a low white islet situated close off the NW side of Punta Boqueron, is also radar prominent. A small pier; at which lighters are loaded with bagged fishmeal, is located about 3I 4 mile ENE of Punta Lobitos. A brightly lighted fishmeal factory is located close to the pier and a prominent church is located in the town. Pilotage.-Pilots are not available and local knowledge is required to'enter the port. An ETA should be sent to the Port Captain at least 24 hours in advance. The port can be contacted by VHF. Anchorage.-Anchorage in the roadstead can be taken in depths of 13 to 14.6m (7 to 8 fm) about 350 yards E of lslote Corcovado or in 23.8m ( 13 fm) about 1I 4 mile SE of the same islet. There is a heavy swell within the bay from June through August. Small craft can anchor 300 yards N of the lighted tower at the head of the pier. The coast between Punta Cabeza de Lagarto and Promontorio Salinas, about 75 miles SSE, is fairly regular, with many small coves and fringing rocks and islets lying within I mile of the shore. Punta Las Zorras ( 10 o 17'S., 78 °05'W. ), steep and dark with white patches, is radar prominent. Punta Colorado Grande ( 10°30'S., 77°57'W.) is a high, salient feature fringed with above-water rocks. Cerro Baco 1477m (4,845 ft.) in elevation, stands about 8 miles NE of the point and is prominent. ' Bahia Bermejo, ( l0°33'S., 77°55'W.), protected on the S by Punta Bermejo, a peninsula connected to the mainland by a low isthmus is formed by Cerro Mansueto at its N entrance. In the middle of the S shore there are red cliffs divided by a conspicuous white mound. There are depths of Jess than 9.lm (5 fm) in the bay. Anchorage, exposed to the Pub. 125 SECTOR 3. CABO BLANCO, PERU TO ARICA, CHILE W swell, can be taken in IO.lm (5 1h fm), sand, with Punta Bermejo bearing 190 o, 1h mile distant, and the white mound bearing 129°. Paramonga ( 10~40'S., 77°50'W.), a small oil port, is located about 21h miles S of Cerro Horca, a guano covered, isolated hill. Paramonga can be identified by the two prominent chimneys of a power station. A submarine oil pipeline, about l ,219m ( 4,000 ft.) long, is marked at its seaward end by three mooring buoys lying 3I 4 mile offshore. Vessels moor at the buoys, with both anchors down and lines to buoys on each quarter and on the port bow. Depths of8.0m (26ft.) exist at the berth and vessels of up to 23,000 dwt with lengths of 198m ( 650 ft.) can be handled. Vessels must first proceed to Puerto de Supe in order to obtain clearance. It is reported that a mooring pilot boards but local knowledge is required. Paramonga may be contacted by VHF. Rio Barranca , about 5 miles SE of Paramonga, is the source of a spit which extends several miles offshore and should be given a wide berth. Punta Barranca (10°48'S., 77°45'W.), is formed of high cliffs, rock-fringed, and has off-lying rocks marked by breakers lying at least 800 yards offshore and 314 mile N of the point. The town of Barranca is located on the cliffs inshore of the rocks. It is reported ( 1978) that a conspicuous, lighted radio mast stands near the town. The coast in the vicinity of Punta Barranca is pounded by heavy surf. Punta Thomas ( 10°48'S., 77°45'W.) about 2 miles SSE of Punta Barranca, is a large headland and an excellent landmark. A main light is shown from the point. Bahia de Supe is entered between the two points. 3.16 Puerto de Supe ( 10°49'S., 77°44'W.) (World Port Index No. 14990).-The lighterage and fishing port of Supe is situated at the SE side of Bahia de Supe. Vessels anchor in the bay and work cargo from lighters. Fishmeal is the main export cargo. A pier extends for about 364m ( 1, 193 ft.) seaward and is used by lighters and fishing craft. There are depths of about 6m (19 ft.) alongside the pier. A prominent radio mast stands about 11h miles N of the pier. An underwater oil pipeline extends offshore from a position ashore about 300 yards NE of the pier. Mooring buoys mark a tanker berth in depths of about 14m (45 ft.) at the outer end of the pipeline. Pilots are not available. Permission to enter port must be obtained through Callao, but it is possible to arrange entry via local authority. ETA should be sent 24 hours in advance. The port can be contacted by VHF. Pub. 125 Anchorage can be taken in 7.5 to 9.1 m ( 4 to 5 fm) about 1I 4 mile from the head ofthe bay. Larger vessels can anchor farther offshore in depths of 11.0 to 12.8m (6 to 7 fm), but are exposed to a heavy swell. Caution.-The bay is subject to heavy swells, especially between June and September. An explosives dumping area is charted about 1,700 yards NW of Punta Thomas, and should be avoided by all vessels navigating the area. The coast between Punta Thomas and Bahia de Huacho trends SSE l'ast Punta Atahuaca (10°54'S., 77°42'W.), which has two mounds that resemble forts and are white in color on their S sides. The coast itself is sandy and fairly high. Punta Vegueta (11 °0l'S., 77°40'W.) lies about 13 miles SSE of Punta Thomas. Isla Don Martin (Isla San Martin), situated 314 mile WSW of the point, is 80m (262ft.) high, white with guano and prominent from seaward. There is a fishing village at the head of acove N of, and within, Punta Vegueta. Small craft in the cove can anchor in depths of 14.6m ( 8 fm ). Punta Carquin lies about 5 miles SSE of Punta Vegueta. The bay close N of the point is not used by shipping due to constant surf. A steep, flat-topped islet lies about 1 mile offshore and opposite a sheer hill that rises close to the coast about 1'h miles N of the point. PuntaHuacho ( ll 0 07'S., 77°37'W.) is a reddish rocky headland 60m ( 197 ft.) high, lying 7 miles SSE of Punta Vegueta. A main light is shown from the point. Bahia Huacho is entered between Punta Huacho and Punta Carquin. A reef, with rocks above-water, extends 200 yards N from Punta Huacho. Depths of l6.5m (9 fm) in the bay entrance decrease. gradually within the bay. The E shore of the bay is fronted by a narrow, sandy beach backed by cliffs. Puerto de Huacho ( 11 °07'S., 77°37'W.) (World Port Index No. 14980).-is a lighterage port situated in theSE comer ofthe bay. The town ofHuacho is located on level terrain atop the cliffs, about 3I 4 mile NE of Punta Huacho. Lights in town, including brightly lighted fishmeal and fish processing plants, are visible from offshore, as is a radio tower topped by red lights. The open roadstead is subject to heavy swells especially during the winter months when sea and swell may close the port temporarily. A concrete pier used by lighters is located at the head of the cove formed by Punta Huacho at the S end of the bay. The pier has an alongside depth reported to be 3.3m (II ft.). Pilots are not available. An ETA should be sent at least 24 hours in advance. The port can be contacted by VHF during working hours. SECTOR 3. CABO BLANCO, PERU TO ARICA, CHILE Anchorage can be taken in depths of 11.0 to 12.8m ( 6 to 7 fm ), sand, with the pierhead bearing 145 °. The holding ground is good but a W and SW swell is troublesome. Bahia Salinas (II 0 l2'S., 77°36'W.) is entered between Punta Huacho and Punta Bajas ( 11 o 14'S., 77°38'W.), about 6 miles SSW. The shores of the bay consist of sandy beaches, backed by hills. There are two coves on the S shore of the bay. Ba hia Grande, the W cove, affords anchorage in depths of 11.0 to 12.8m ( 6 to 7 fm ), sand and mud, about 114 mile offshore. The best anchorage, shel tered from the swell, is in Bahia Chica, the E cove, in depths of 5.5 to 7.3m (3 to 4 fm), sand, about 600 yards from theW entrance point and 21h miles ENE of Punta Bajas. Local knowledge is required to use these anchorages. Promontorio Salinas ( 11 °l6'S., 77°37'W.) is about 5 miles wide between Punta Bajas, the NW extremity, and Punta Lachay, the SW extremity of the promontory. Punta Salinas is 1 mile N of Punta Lachay and has a flat-topped islet lying off it. Punta Bajas, from which a light is shown, is low, dark, and has above-water rocks extending 1h mile NW. There are submerged rocks lying at least 114 mile off Punta Lackay. Cerro Salinas, pyramid-shaped and conspicuous, rises from a sandy plain about 2 miles SE of Punta Bajas. There are two coves between Punta Salinas and Punta Bajas. The S of the two coves affords anchorage for small vessels in a depth of 14.6m (8 fm), mud, about 1I 4 mile offshore, exposed to surf and swell. A measured distance of2 nautical miles has been established on theW coast ofPromontorio Salinas. The ends and middle of the distance are each marked by a pair of beacons located close W and 2 miles S of Punta Bajas light structure. The front beacon of each pair has a white diamond topmark and the rear beacon a white rectangle. The running course is 000°-180°. Roca Misteriosa with a depth of 5.5m (3 fm) over it and on which the sea breaks at times, lies about 1 mile offshore and almost midway between Punta Salinas and Punta Bajas. An aeronautical radiobeacon is located on Promontorio Salinas about 4 miles ENE of Punta Lachay. Caution.-A prohibited area is located off the W shore of Promontorio Salinas. Between Punta Lachay and Punta Bajas, vessels should pass at least 9 miles W of the shore. Grupo de Huaura ( 11 °24'S., 77°45'W.), a chain of islets, extends about 14 miles SW from Punta Lachay. Islote Pelado ( 11 °27'S., 77°50'W.), the outermost islet, is rounded, precipitous and free of guano. A light is shown from the islet. Isla Mazorca, which also shows a light and has a radiobeacon located at the light-tower, lies about 61h miles NE of Islote Pelado. The passage between the two islets is free of dangers. Islote Tambillo, the innermost islet, lies about 21h miles SW of Punta Lachay. Several islets, and rocks above-water, lie between this islet and Isla Ma~orca. The passage between Islote Tambillo and Punta Lachay is navigable. 3.17 The coast, known as Playa Grande, between Punta Lachay and Punta Chancay, about 27 miles SE, is cliffy, backed by high sand hills, and fronted by a narrow shingle beach. Heavy surf prevents a landing. Cerro Pelado (Monte Mollersh ), about 17 miles E ofPunta Lachay, is conspicuous from offshore. Bahia de Chancay (II 0 35'S., 77° l7'W.) is entered between Punta Chancay and Punta Caulan, Jll4 miles NE. Punta Chancay, a bluff with three hills on it, protects the S side of Bahia de Chancay. A prominent fishmeal factory is located about one mile NE of Punta Chancay. Conspicuous crosses stand on a hill and near shore. A church is prominent. A main light is shown from Punta Chancay and prominent radio masts stand Jll4 miles NNE and I,700 yards ENE of the light-tower. Stranded fishing boats and wrecks lie E and NE of Punta Chancay. The bay recedes about 1h mile and has depths of 9.1 to 14.6m ( 5 to 8 fm) in the outer part. Swell in the bay is very uncomfortable in April and May, also in September and October. Chancay (I 1°35'S., 77°17'W.) (World Port Index No. 14970.-Chancay (Puerto de Chancay), primarily a fishing port located on the S side of Bahia de Chancay, consists of two small coves separated by a dark-colored point. Above-and below-water rocks front the coves. The town of Chancay stands on a plateau about 2 miles NNE of Punta Chancay. The principal pier, from which a light is shown, is used for the unloading of fish, also the transfer of general cargo and fishmeal by lighters to ships at anchor. The pier is about 243m (797 ft.) long, with a depth of about 5 to 6m (16 to 19 ft.) alongside its head and berths which are used by small vessels up to 500 tons. Pilotage is unavailable; the port can be contacted by VHF. Anchorage can be taken in depths of about 14.6m (8 fm), sand, in the center ofthe bay and 1h mile N of Punta Chancay. Caution.-Numerous unlighted buoys and moored lighters may be found within 1h mile NW of the piers. A wreck, marked by a barrel buoy, lies about 1h mile WNW of Punta Caulan. Punta Mulatas (II 0 46'S., 77°l2'W.) lies 12 miles SSE of Chancay. The coast between is Pub. 125 SECTOR 3. CABO BLANCO, PERU TO ARICA, CHILE fringed with rocks and reefs in places, but there are depths of over 18.3m ( 10 fm) about one mile offshore. Much of the coast is composed of very high sand dunes rising almost vertically from the sea and leaving no beach. Monte Stokes, about ll 1h miles E of Punta Chancay, is prominent. Two prominent television masts and a light stand on a hill about 1h mile SE of Punta Mulatas. Punta Salitral (II 0 47'S., 77°12'W.) lies about 1 mile S of Punta Mulatas. Isla Referendo and Isla Huaquillo, from which a light is shown, lie in the entrance to a bay close N of the point. Grupo de Pescadores (!1°48'S., 77°16'W.), a group of guano covered islands, islets and rocks, extends about 4114 miles W of Punta Mulatas (ll 0 46'S., 77°12'W.) and lies in the S ap~roach to Bahia de Ancon. Isla Grande ( 11 36'S., 77 o 16'W.), the W and largest island of the group lies about 3314 miles W of Pun.ta Mulatas and ts radar prominent. Two small islets lie off the NE side of the island. A light is shown from the island, and a radio mast stands about 400 yards NNE of the light. Islote La Viuda, lies 1h mile W of Punta Salitral. Passage between the island and the point requires local knowledge. The island is conspicuous and a good mark approaching Bahia de Ancon from the S. Islas Hormigas de Tierra ( 11 o 45'S., 77 o 17'W.) are two steep-to, above-water rocks lying about one mile NNW of the N end of Isla Grande. Isla El Solitario and four other islets within 314 mile, lie about 1 mile SW of Punta Salitral. Isla Huacas with nearby rocks, lies 11h miles SE of Isla Grande. Isla San Pedro lies about 1h mile offshore Jl h miles SSE of Punta Salitral. Passages between the groups of islets are deep, but above-and below-water rocks fringe the islets and local knowledge is necessary. Hormigas de Afeuera (11 °58'S., 7r45'W.) comprise a group ofsteep-to, guano-covered rocks and reefs that lie about 34 miles WSW of Punta Mulatas. A light is shown from a tower, with a radar reflector, located on the most S rock of the group. The light tower is reported radar conspicuous at 15 miles distant. Depths of 14.5 and 16.5m ( 47 and 54 ft.) (soundings doubtful) are charted respectively 143I 4 and 13 1I 4 miles SSE of the islets. TheN rock, awash, lies I mile NNW of the Srock. Reefs extend N from the N rock and breakers extend SE from the Srock. The current sets NW, with a velocity of about 1 knot, in the vicinity of the rocks. Farther offshore the Peru Current may attain a velocity of 2 knots. Caution.-A submarine exercise area, the limits of which are shown on the chart, is located SE of Hormigas de Afeuera. . Caution is advised when transiting through the restricted areas, the limits of which are shown on Pub. 125 the chart, located NW and SE of Hormigas de Afeuera. 3.18 Bahia de Ancon ( 11 °45'S., 7rii'W.) (World Port Index No. 14960).~Bahia de Ancon is entered between Punta Mulatas and a high, multi-colored point about 4114 miles N. Punta Mulatas is fringed by pinnacle rocks marked by breakers. The bay is mamly used as an explosives anchorage for Puerto Del Callao. Depths range from 18.3 to 36.6m ( 10 to 20 fm) seaward of the 10-fathom curve. A pier about 107m (350 ft.) long extends from shore about 2114 miles NE of Punta Mulatas. Explosives from vessels at anchor are unloaded from lighters at the pier. The town, which has several small jetties, stands at the S end of the bay and is a fishing port and resort. Anchorage can be taken in depths of 9.1 to 12.8m ( 5 to 7 fm) about 11-4 to 1h mile NW of the P.ierhead, This anchorage is open to NW winds and 'bravezas" (June to Seetem oer). Vessels may also anchor in 9.lm (5 fm) off the eierhead. The Explosi_ves Anchorage lies 3I 4 mile W of the explosiVes pter. The coast between Punta: Mulatas and Puerto del Callao, about 15 miles S, consists of hills and cliffs along the N part and lower, sandy terrain along the S part. Several islets and rocks, colored white, lie close to the coast between Punta Mulatas and Punta Pancha (11 °5l'S., 77°ll'W.). Monton de Trigo, a peaked hill, is conspicuous SE of Punta Pancha. La Pampilla Oil Terminal ( 11 °56'S., 77° IO'W.) is an offshore loading facility, with the refinery located about 6 miles S of Punta Pancha. The hghts of the· refinery are conspicuous from seaward: A discharge berth consisting of mooring buoys lies in de0ths of 18.2m (60ft.); a submarine pipeline 4,50 m ( 4,920 yards) long extends from the berth to the shore. The berth can handle vessels up to 250,000 dwt and 335m (1099 ft.) in length wtth drafts up to 15.2m (50 ft). A loading oerth consisting of mooring buoys lies in depths oT 12.2m (40 ft.); a submanne pieeline 3,500m (3,827 yards) long extends from tlie berth to the shore. The berth can handle vessels up to 213m ( 700 ft.) in length with drafts up to HJ.9m (36 ft.). Pilotage for this terminal is compulsory, and may be had off the berths by prior arrangement, or in Bahia de Callao. The terminal can be contacted by VHF. Caution.-Navigation and anchoring are prohibited within 1h mile of the berths and pipelines. PUERTO DEL CALLAO (12°03'8., 77°09'W.) World Port Index No. 14950 3:19 Puerto del Callao, formed and sheltered by N and S breakwaters, is the principal harbor SECTOR 3. CABO BLANCO, PERU TO ARICA, CHILE of Peru and the port of entry for Lima, the capital. The harbor is entered through Bahia del Callao (12°02'S., 7riO'W.), bound Nby Punta Bernal (II 0 55'S., 7r09'W.) and S by El Cabezo ( 12 °04;S., 77 ~ 16'W.), the high, NW extremity of Isla San Lorenzo. Punta Bernal is low and sandy. The coast between this point and Callao N breakwater is a sandy beach, fronted for about 11h miles N of the breakwater by a shoal with depths of less than 5.5m ( 18 ft.) which extends at least I mile offshore. Bahia del Callao is partially sheltered by Isla San Lorenzo, the adjacent islets, the ~romontory of which Punta Punta ( 12 °04'S., 77 I O'W.) is the SW end, and the spit extending SW of Punta Punta. WINDS AND WEATHER The prevailing S winds are usually light and the sea smooth. Isla San Lorenzo reduces the swell in the harbor, but a constant W swell causes a surf to break on the beaches. The swell does not usually prevent lighters from working alongside ships at the anchorage. Surf and scend alongside exposed piers and wharves may prevent the discharge of cargo from lighters and interrupt communications between ship and shore. Fog is frequent from December to April. The rainy season occurs between July and September. TIDES AND CURRENTS Tides at Callao are semidiurnal, with a mean range of 0.6m ( 2 ft.), and a spring range of 0.8m (2 1h ft.). The currents off the port set N, but the velocities within the bay are negligible, except with SW swell.s when the currents set .stronglY N thro~gh Pasaje El Boqueron ( 12 0 06'S., 77 ll'W.). Tidal currents in the vicinity of the terminal reach rates of3I 4 to 11I 4 knots, with the set depending on the tide, also a strong surge may be felt within the breakwaters forming the harbor. When there is a freshet in Rio Rimae ( 12 °02'S., 7r08'W.) the current is strong across Bahia del Callao and tends to silt up the harbor. ISLANDS AND DANGERS Isla San Lorenzo ( 12 °05'S., 77° 13'W.), forming the SW part of Bahia del Callao, is high, sandy-colored, and cliffy in places. El Cabezo (Cabo San Lorenzo), the NW end ofthe island is radar prominent. A main light is shown from the point. Several steep-to islets lie close off the W and S sides of the island. A foul area, marked by breakers and heavy surf, extends about one mile off the SE end of Isla San Lorenzo. Isla Callao (Isla Fronton) is situated close SE oftheSE end oflsla San Lorenzo; it is marked by breakers SE and is the outermost danger within the foul area. A light is shown from theSE side ofthe island. Islas Palominos is a cluster of steep-to rocks lying about 21I 4 miles SW of the S end of Isla San Lorenzo. A light is shown from the rocks and they are radar prominent. Roca Iquitos, with 4.6m ( 15 ft.) over it, lies a little more than 1h mile NE of Islas Palominos and several rocks and islets lie between it and th~' S end of Isla San Lorenzo. A 16m (8314 fm) patch lies about 314 mile WSW of the light tower on Islas Palominos. The NE side of Isla San Lorenzo is fringed in places by rocks and reefs. Two rocks, awash, lie about 400 yards offshore, midway between El Cabezo and Punta Galera, )Ih miles ESE, the latter a good radar target. A visible wreck lies 800 yards E of Punta Galera, and another visible wreck lies the same distance NW of the point. A Measured Mile, marked by two pairs of beacons located on El Cabezo and Punta Galera, is shown on the harbor charts. Caleta Sanitaria, the site of aQuarantine Station and a small pier, is located 1I 4 mile SE of Punta Galera. A naval training station and small pier lie close SE of Punta Gruta, situated I mile SE of Punta Galera. Foul ground, with a depth of 9.1 m ( 5 fm ), lies in the approach to the pier. An above-water wreck is charted 600 yards SSE of the head of the pier and a dangerous wreck lies about I, 700 yards NE of Punta Gruta. Banco El Camotal extends SW from Punta Punta. A main light is shown from the roof of a building on the point. Lomo de Ballena, the drying part of the bank and from which a light is shown, lies about 314 mile W of Punta Punta. Numerous wrecks and obstructions lie within I mile of the N breakwater and adjacent coast and may best be seen on the chart. APPROACHES The usual approach to the port is through Bahia del Callao passing W and N of Isla San Lorenzo. A fairway channel marked by lightbuoys . leads from the bay and passes between the breakwater heads which are about 150m ( 492 ft.) apart. Pasaje El Boqueron ( 12 °06'S., 77 o II 'W.) leads N around the E side of Isla Fronton and then NW into Bahia del Callao between the shorebank that extends off the SE end of Isla San Lorenzo and Banco El Camotal. This bank, defined by the 5.5m ( 3 fm) curve, is separated from Isla San Lorenzo by a fairway about 800 yards wide and 6.4 to l8.3m (21 to 60 ft.) deep. The SW end of the bank is steep-to, unmarked, and subject to frequent change. Strong N currents occur during heavy SW swells. Local knowledge is necessary to transit the passage. BERTHS Pub. 125 SECTOR 3. CABO BLANCO, PERU TO ARICA, CHILE PUERTO DEL CALLAO The entrance channel has charted depths of 10.6m (34314 ft.). The petroleum pier, located 600 yards NE of the N breakwater head, is 262m (859 ft.) long with depths of 10.9m (35314 ft.) alongside. Tankers up 20 to about 200m ( 656 ft:) in .length with drafts up to 9.lm (30ft.) can be handled. East of the petroleum pier is an area containing the naval base, fishing facilities, and several berths on the N side of Muelle No. 5, which is reached via a channel showing a charted depth of9.1 m ( 30 25 ft.). Three finger piers, 152 to 335m (500 to 1,100 ft.) in length extend from the shore N of graving dock. The area surrounding.the piers shows charted depths of 7 to 9.1 m (23 to 30 ft.). A floating drydock is charted 700 yards NNE of the Petrole-30 urn Pier. Several small piers lie. between the naval piers and Muelle No.5 possessing alongside depths of 3.7 to 4.5m (12 to 15 ft.), but caution is recommended here as depths of 3m ( 10 ft.) are charted close by. 35 Muelle Nos. I through 5, located between 600 yards E, and 800 yards SE of Petroleum Pier constitute the main port facility at Call~o. Muelle Nos. 1 through 4 are each 182m { 600 ft.) long with depths of about 9.1 m ( 30 ft.) alongside. Tankers 40 reportedly are handled at Muelle No. 4, while general cargo is worked at the other piers. Muelle No. 5, which handles bulk mineral and general cargoes is 392m ( 1,286 ft.) long with depths of9.7 to 10.6m (313I 4 to 343I 4 ft.) alongside. 45 El Darsena is a basin entered between Muelle No. 1 and Muelle No. 9, offering charted depths of 5.5 to 11m ( 18 to 36 ft.). Muelle Marginal, the SE face of this basin provides 4 berths to dry bulk or coastal vessels, while Muelle No. 9 offers 3 50 berths on its inner face, and 2 berths on its outer face. Muelle de Guerra is a pier contained within a small basin just S of the S breakwater's root, and is entered from sea by passing outside ~f t.he har-55 bor, S of the S breakwater. A second basm ts located NE ofPunta Punta, contained within two breakwaters. Both basins are ·non-commercial. Pub. 125 Vessels up to 66,000 dwt and 10.2m (33 1h ft.) draft have been accommodated within the harbor. LANDMARKS The Naval School, situated on Punta Punta is a prominent yellow square building with regular rows of large square windows, surmounted by two radio masts. A light is shown from atop a building close by. A white stone water tower standing about 1h mile NE of the school is conspicuous. The towers of Castillo Real Felipe, close S of the root of the S breakwater, are prominent as is a grain silo standing close E of the same point. Several conspicuous water towers, church spires, and chimneys are situated about the area. Cierro La Reglu, a conspicuous isolated hill 105m (344ft.) high, lies about 6 miles NNE ofthe point A prominent aeronautical light is shown from the airport about 31I 4 miles NE of the harbor entrance. PILOTAGE Pilotage is compulsory. ETA should be sent 24 hours in advance. Pilots board in the anchorage areas or about 1 mile WNW of the breakwater heads. The port and pilot may be contacted by VHF. REGULATIONS Vessels are not permitted to enter the harbor until the Port Captain's staff and the health officials have boarded her, and there is a berth waiting for her. The port officials will usually board day or night if the vessel is expected. For security reasons, navigation within 200m (220 yards) oflsla San Lorenzo is prohibited without prior permission from the Puerto del Callao port office. Navigation is prohibited within 1 mile of the naval station on the NE side of Isla San Lorenzo and within 1I 4 mile of the naval school and its harbor on Punta Punta. There is a penal colony located on Isla Fronton (Isla Calleo) and navigation is prohibited within 600m ( 656 yards) of the island. SECTOR 3. CABO BLANCO, PERU TO ARICA, CHILE CAUTION An extensive area containing submarine cables extends across the S approaches to the port. A number of areas utilized for the testing of explosives exist around Isla San Lorenzo. In the anchorages, jellyfish are so prevalent in April and July that underwater intakes may become clogged. The periodic discoloration of the sea known as "Callao Painter" is frequently experienced outside of the port. The hulls of ships may become discolored by a thick and dark slime which is caused by gases rising from the bottom of the bay; a nauseous smell is also emitted. ANCHORAGE Vessels can anchor in total safety anywhere in Bahia de Callao in depths of 9.1 to 36m (5 to 20 fm) over a bottom of sand and mud, clear of the breakers. An anchorage area for vessels entering the port, the limits ofwhich are shown on the chart, lies in depths of 22 to 35m (72 to 115 ft.) about 2 miles WNW of the harbor entrance. A restricted area close S of the entrance channel offers anchorage to Peruvian naval and merchant vessels in depths of 7.6 to 19.5m (25 to 64 ft.). Another reserved anchorage is reported to lie just S of the restricted area's SW border. In 1980 it was reported that vessels may occasio.nally be underway without lights within the restncted area. CALLAO TO MATARANI 3.20 Winds-Currents.-S to SW winds, known as "paracas", occur from noon to evening along this coast and may hinder cargo operations at the coastal ports from August to September. The currents offshore set N. In the vicinity of Isla San Gallan ( 13 °51'S., 76°27'W.) a set toward that island has been experienced. The currents generally follow the coastal trend and set N into the bays. Punta Chorrillos ( 12 ° 1 O'S., 77 °02'W.) is located about 91h miles SE of Punta Punta. The coast between recedes SE forming Bahia de Miraflores, open to the weather. The land S of Punta Punta is low-lying, fronted by a pebble beach. Rocky T-headed breakwaters have been built at regular intervals here to protect the coast from flooding during stormy weather, which is most intense in the winter months. This low coast continues for 11h miles, then changes to cliffs of average height. Cerro Morro Solar about 1 mile SE of Punta Chorrillos, rises to an elevation of 279m (915 ft.) and is one of the better defined natural features ofthis coast. The hill is oriented in a N-S direction, emerging abruptly from the sea, and is surmounted by a lighted cross. Punta Chorrillos is formed by an extension of the hills descending from the western side of Morro Solar, terminating sharply at the water's edge. Rocks lie up to 114 mile W of the point. A main light is shown from a tower 22m (72 ft.) high, standing on the coast about 2314 miles N of the point and an aeronautical light is shown form an airfield about 2 miles E of the point. Anchorage.-Anchorage is available N of the point in depths of about 12m (39 ft.). Vessels should anchor at least 1 mile from the shore on the alignment of three beacons which are, from N to S, a statue, a planetarium, and a monument. Moderate sized vessels may use this anchorge but caution is advised as the bight has a tendency to silt and submarine cables extend seaward from the vicinity of the· point. Islotes Horadada with two pinnacles and above-and below-water rocks surrounding it, lies 53I 4 miles WNW of Punta Chorrillos. A light is shown from the islet. Roca del Diabolo, on which the sea breaks heavily during bad weather, lies 1I 4 mile N of the islet and has a depth of 2.1 m ( 7 ft.) over it. Shoal depths extend NE from the rock towards the coast. Punta La Chira, rocky, sloping and leaden colored, is situated about 21I 4 miles S of Punta Chorrillos. Islote Pan de Azucar, from which a light is shown, is an islet lying on a reef about 1h mile WSW of the point. Several small islets and rocks lie between the islet and the point. An aeronautical radiobeacon is located about 2 miles ENE of the point. Anchorage.-Two coves indent the coast S of Punta Chorrillos. The N of the coves, entered S of the point, affords sheltered anchorage to small vessels in depths of 9.1 to 16.5m (5 to 9 fm). The S cove, entered close N of Punta La Chira, affords sheltered anchorage in 14.6m (8 fm) between the entrance points. Rio Lurin ( 12 ° 17'S., 76°54'W.) is located about 9 miles ESE of Punta La Chira. The coast between is formed by Playa de Conchan, a sandy beach backed by fairly high land. Anchorage can be taken in 9.1m (5 fm) about one mile off the head of a cove close S of the river mouth. Isla Pachacamac (!2°18'S., 76°54'W.), 108m (354 ft.) in elevation and the most N of a chain of islets and rocks, is colored white and lies 11h miles off the Rio Lurin. Islote San Francisco, with a rounded summit, is the most S and prominent of the group. El corcovado, a reef about one mile long, lies with its N end I mile SE of Islote San Francisco. Rocas de Ia Vinda are two submerged rocks lying about 1h mile off the N islet. Sea and Pub. 125 SECTOR 3. CABO BLANCO, PERU TO ARICA, CHILE swell break heavilyon these dangers and the shoals inshore of the group. 3.21 ConchanOil Terminal (l2°16'S., 76°56'W.) is located about 670m(733 yards) offshore l 1h miles NW of the mouth of Rio Ltirin. The terminal consisting of 3 to 5 buoys 'moored in depths of l5.2m (50 ft.); is connected to the shore by two submarine pipelines. Mooring is by day only, but departure occurs at any time .. Tankers must first enter Callao Harbor for clearance and embark a pilot. The terminal can be contacted by VHF. Tankers up to 229m (750ft.) in length and 40,000 dwt can be handled. It was reported ( 1989) that a pier was under construction. Punta Chilca (l2°3l'S., 76°48'W.) about 15 miles SE of Rio Lurin, is prominent with a steep clifTy face 90m (295 ft.) high on its seaward side. The coast between is indented. With local knowledge, several coves affording anchorage can be entered along this stretch· of coast. Rocks and reefs lie off the coves' entrance points. Depths of at least 9.lm (5 fm)eXist within the coves, where landing is possible. · · · Caleta Pucusana (Puerto Chilca) ( 12 °29'S., 76°48'W.) is a cove about 3 miles N of Puerto Chilca. Isla Chilca, from which a light is shown, protects the W side of the cove which is entered from N between the islet and coast. Rocks fringing the islet and adjacent coast restrict the cove entrance .to a width of 1/4 mile. An islet lies about 100 yards off theSE side oflsla Chilca. Anchorage for small vessels can be taken in the middle of the cove in depths of9.1 to 12.8m (5 to 7 fm), sand. A wharf with two small landing stages lies on the cove's W side. · Punta Fraile ( 13 °02'S., 76°31 'W:) lies about 37 miles SE of Punta Chilca. The point is the W side of a hilly promontory that has cliffy NW and SW sides. Cerro Sentinella rises above the. point and prominent, bluish-colored Cerro Azul rises close within the S limit of the cliffs. A light is shown from the point. The coast between Punta Chilca and Punta Fraile is indent.ed by a few coves. Dangers lie up to 2 miles offshore in places. The N part of this coast as far as Cerro Calavera is low, flat, and backed by hills iqland. Cerro Calavera (Morro Calavera) (l2°33'S., 76°46'W.) is a prominent, detached hill of black rocks with patches of sand and guano. The hill has a sharp peak and a sheer face to seaward. Between Cerro Calavera and Rio Mala (12 o 41'S., 76 ° 40'W. ), the coast consists of low cliffs fronted by a sandy beach. Islets and rocks above-water, lie up to one mile offshore. The mouth of Rio Mala is marked by heavy breakers and a conspicuous hill rises 2 miles N .. Caleta Mala ( 12 o 43'S., 76 °39'W.) is .entered between Punta Chocaya (l2°45'S., 76°39'W.) and Pub. 125 a point about 3 miles NNW. Cerro Salazar is prominent close within the latter point. Punta Chocaya is low and fronted by rocks and foul ground. Small vessels can anchor on good holding ground of sand, sheltered from SE winds, in Caleta Mala where the depth is ll.Om (6 fm) about 1/4 mile offshore. The anchorage is subject to a heavy sea and swell during the winter months. Isla Asia 123m ( 403 ft.) in elevation, lies I mile offshore about 16 miles NW of Punta Fraile and is radar conspicuous. There are several above-and below-water rocks around the islet and between it and the coast N. Puerto de Cerro Azul (l3°03'S., 76°3l'W.) (World Port Index No. 14920).-Puerto de Cerro Azul is located in a cove within the N side of the promontory containing Punta Fraile. The port, from which cotton is exported, is shallow and available only to coastal vessels. Local knowledge is required. Cargo is worked by lighter from a pier at the head of which a light is shown. Weather may prevent lighter operations between May and September. In 1982 the terminal here was reported to be out of commission, and the wharf was in a poor state of repair. The coast between Punta Fraile and Peninsula Paracas, about 45 miles S, recedes to form a bight which is sheltered by the peninsula at its S part. The shore as far as Rio Canete ( 13 °09'S., 76°25'W.) is low and backed by a fertile valley. A sugar mill standing N of the river mouth is conspicuous.. From Rio Canete to Rio Jaguay (I3°23'S., 76°13'W.) the coast consists of high, clay cliffs backed inland by very high hills. On approaching Bahia Pisco the coastis low and sandy. .Puerto Tambo de Mora (l3°28'S., 76°l2'W.) a roadstead off the town of Tambo de Mora, is closed as a general cargo port. There are depths of7.3 to 9.lm(4 to 5 fm) at I mile offshore of the lighter pier which had a depth of 1.8m ( 1 fm) at its head ( 1958). Landmarks in town include a large white building on the beach, the church, and a large and a small cross together on a hill behind town. The chimneys and tanks of the fishmeal factories located behind the wharf are visible from seaward. Anchorage can be taken in a depth of I 0.4m ( 34 ft.), mud, about I mile offshore with the white building and the crosses aligned 082 °. This anchorage is generally secure except for S winds (paracas), which blow from noon to evening and raise a sea. 3.22 Islands-Dan~ers off Peninsula Paracas.Islas de Chincha ( l3 38'S., 76 °24'W.) a group of three small islands with ·several islets and rocks, lie 10 miles N of Punta Paracas the NW end of SECTOR 3. CABO BLANCO, PERU TO ARICA, CHILE Peninsula Paracas. The islands are radar promi nent. A light is shown from a tower on the summit of Isla Centro, the central and largest island of the group. The outermost d:;;; _. - S APPROACH TO PASAJE EL BOQUERON Pub. 125 SECTOR 3. CABO BLANCO, PERU TO ARICA, CHILE white hotel. Conspicuous tanks stand near the shore about 2 miles SSE of Pisco. Anchorage, according to draft, can be taken in suitable depths about 11iz to 3 miles SW of the lighter pier. The bottom is mud, good holding ground. Offshore Oil Terminal.-A berth for tankers, consisting of mooring buoys, lies in depths of 8m (26 ft.) about 1 mile offshore 2114 miles SSW of the pier at Pisco. A submarine pipeline extends from the berth to the shore. Another berth connected to a submarine pipeline, lies about 1iz mile offshore 4 miles SSW of the pier at Pisco. Bahia De Paracas (13°49'S., 76°l6'W.), AS extension of Bahia de Pisco, is entered between Punta Pejerrey, the NE extremity of Peninsula Paracas, and the coast about 211z miles ESE. The shorebank, as defined by the 5.5m (3 fm) curve, extends up to 3I 4 mile off the shores of the bay. Hotel Paracas is a prominent feature at the SE side of this bay which is formed S and W by Peninsula Paracas. Paracas is a resort and has several small piers for small craft. There are several facilities for fishing vessels along the E shore of the bay including a designated anchorage area which may be seen on the chart. 3.23 Puerto General San Martin ( l3°48'S., 76°18'W.) (World Port Index No. 14910) has replaced Puerto de Pisco as the principal shipping port for the area. Located closeS ofPunta Pejerrey, a sandy spit, the port consists of a marginal wharf on the NE side of the peninsular. Winds.-Winds from the S in the vicinity of Peninsula Paracas are called "paracas". They blow from noon to evening and are sometimes so strong that working cargo is very difficult, especially during August and September. Severe sand storms occur in August, reducing visibility and stopping all cargo operations. . Berths.-The continuous wharf consists of four berths each 175m (574ft.) long. Vessels of up to 9.7m (32 ft.) draft may be accommodated alonside. The port handles general cargo, containers, bulk, and liquid bulk cargoes. · Pilots.-Pilotage is compulsory. Vessels should send ETA at least 24 hours in advance. The port can be contacted by VHF. Pilots board about 314 mile ENE ofthe lightbuoy moored off Punta Pejerrey. Pilots are also .available for. the offshore oil berth S of Pisco. Aids.-Lights are shown at each end of the wharf. An aeronautical radiobeacon is located on the NE side of the bay about 4 1iz miles NE of the wharf. A main light is shown from Punta Colorado P14 miles E ofPunta Pejerrey but is obscured within the bay. Pub. 125 Anchorage.-The recommended anchorage is about Jliz miles NNE of Punta Pejerry, in depths of 18 to 19.2m (59 to 63 ft.). Peninsula Paracas ( l3°52'S., 76°20'W.) is a bold promontory, highest at its SW end. It is connected to the mainland by a low, sandy plain. An area reserved for the Ministry of Fishing lies between Punta Paracas and Punta Colorado, and can best be seen on the chart. Candelabro de Tres Brazos, a figure resembling a candelabra, consisting of deep trenches in the hillside, is a prominent landmark located 3I 4 mile ESE ofPunta Colorado. Punta Huacas (13°54'S., 76°24'W.), the SW point of the peninsula, is high, dark and steep, with a white rock lying 1I 4 mile S of it. Cerro Lechuza about 11iz miles NNE of Punta Huacas, rises to an elevation of 50 1m ( 1643 ft.) with a sharp-pointed peak which is conspicuous in the approaches from S and W. Ensenada Lagunillas, entered 5 miles E of Punta Huacas, is a bay used by fishing craft. The coast between Punta Huacas and Punta Carretas, about 18 miles SSE, recedes NE to form a bight. Salt is shipped in lighters from Caleta Salinillo (l4°00'S., 76°17'W.), within the bight. The holding ground here is bad. Islote Zarate, lying between 1iz and 3I 4 mile W of the inlet entrance, has vertical cliffs and a flat top. There are several above-water rocks near the islet. Roca Valdivia, submerged, and on which the sea breaks, lies about 1 mile WSW of the islet. Punta Carretas (14°12'S., 76°17'W.), from which a light is shown, is the S extremity of a bold peninsula which extends 5 miles S from the mainland. Rocks fringe the point. Cerro Cerretas, the very high summit of the peninsula, rises about 2 miles. N of the point. Bahia lndependencia (14°l4'S., 76°10'W.) is entered between Punta Carretas and Punta Que" mado II miles SE. It recedes about 31iz miles NE from Punta Carretas. Isla Independencia (Viejas) and Islas Santa Rosa lie in the SE half of the entrance. Morro Quemado, a high eminence, is a landmark rising about 11iz miles SE of Punta Quemado. This mountain 605m ( 1,984 ft.) in elevation, slopes as a ridge to the point, is lighter in color than other peaks in the area and has a thick cap of reddish earth. The bay can be entered, but local knowledge is required, through N and S entrance channels, the former being wider, deep, and clear of dangers; the S channel, about 314 mile wide between Punta Quemado and the most SE of the Islas Santa Rosa, has a least depth of 12.8m (7 fm). Soundings within the bay give a least depth of 5.5m (3 fm) where examined. Tidal currents set N into the bay and are strong following fresh S winds. Isla Indepen SECTOR 3. CABO BLANCO, PERU TO ARICA, CHILE dencia is cliffy and has a remarkable hill at its SE end which is joined to the island by a low, narrow isthmus. Islas Santa Rosa, two white-colored, level islets connected by a suspension bridge, lie near the end of a reef which extends 13I 4 miles SE of 5 theSE end oflsla Independencia. Numerous rocks and breakers lie off the SW sides of the islets. A shoal with depths of 9.1 to 11.0m (5 to 6 fm) extends 21h miles N from th~ N end oflsla Independencia. There are fishing villages on the shores of 10 the bay. Anchorage can be taken throughout the bay. A vessel anchored in 32.9m ( 18 fm ), mud, good holding ground, with the highest hill on Isla Independencia bearing 232 o, distant I mile. 15 3.24 Punta Dona Maria (14°40'S., 75°55'W.) lies about 25 miles SSE of Punta Quemado. The coast between is both rocky and sandy, backed by hills. The few dangers along the coast lie close off-20shore. Punta Don Maria, fmm which a light is shown, is low, rugged, and dark with patches of guano. Punta Azua 101/z miles NNW of Punta Dona Maria, is a high bluff, with a low, rocky point extending off it. 25 Cerro La Mesa de Dona Maria Francisca ( I4°4I'S., 75°50'W.) rises to 597m(l,958 ft.) in elevation and is a prominent, truncated conical mountain which is visible in good weather from far offshore. Islotes Infiernillos, a group of islets and above-30 -and below-water rocks, extend up to I mile WNW ofPunta Dona Maria. A disused light structure stands on the largest islet. Roca Mairo, a dangerous detached rock with a depth of less than 1.8m (6 ft.) over it, lies I'h miles WNW of the 35 largest islet. ' Punta Olleros lies about I3 miles SE of Punta Dona Maria. Anchorage with no shelter, can be taken in Caleta Olleros located close N of the point which is fronted close SW by an islet and pinnacle 40 rock. There is a depth of I2.8m (7 fm), 114 mile offshore, in the anchorage. There is a landing pier at Caleta Lomitos, about 4 miles NW of Punta 01leros. Cabo Nazca about I8 miles SE of Punta Olleros, 45 is a high, dark bluff with two sharp hummocks at its base. The cape is radar prominent. Caleta Nazca, about 2 miles N of Cabo Nazca, is backed by white sandhills. Landing is possible during early morning hours, but only in an emergency, as strong S winds prevail later in the day. Cabo Nazca, a high, dark bluff with two sharp hummocks at its base, gives a good radar return at 20 miles distant. There is a 14.6m (8 fm) shoal 51/z miles SSW of the cape and in 1972 a 20.1 m (II fm) shoal was reported to lie about 51h miles SW of the cape. Punta Santa Ana (15°09'S., 75°23'W.), about I4 miles SE of Cabo Nazca, is rock-fringed, cliffy, dark, and radar prominent. Cerro Huricangana (Criterion) rises to I,78Im (5,842 ft.) in elevation 12 miles NE of the point and is a prominent landmark. A rock, with less than 1.8m ( 6 ft.) over it, was reported ( 1961) to lie 6 miles W ofPunta Santa Ana. Punta San Nicolas is located about 9 miles SE of Punta Santa Ana. The point is the W extremity of a peninsula 21I 4 miles long which constricts to a width of IOO yards about I mile ESE of the point. Guano covers the point and outer peninsula. A light is shown from a tower about 1h mile SE of Punta San Nicolas. The point is fringed on all sides by above-and below-water rocks for at least 114 mile offshore; an islet lies 400 yards W of the light tower. A 5.5m (18ft.) patch lies I 114 miles SSE of the point and shoals of similar depth lie 4 miles NNW of the point. Bahia San Nicolas is entered between Punta San Nicolas and Punta San Fernando lying 1114 miles ESE ·of Punta Santa Ana. The NE shore of the bay is backed by very high tableland which extends SE. Puerto San Nicolas (15°15'S., 75°14'W.) (World Port Index No. 14895).-Puerto San Nicolas is located on the S shore of Bahia San Nicolas about 11I 4 miles ESE of Punta San Nicolas. Berths.-A pier extends 305m (I,000 ft.) N from the shore and is protected by a breakwater which extends seaward about 314 mile W of it. The pier is operated by a government mining entity and is chiefly used to load iron ore. A mooring dolphin equipped with electric winches, is located at the N end of the pier and connected to it by a catwalk. The dophin is used to secure the stern lines ofships over 275m (902 ft.) in length. Mooring buoys are located off both sides of the pier. Cerro Carretos VIEW OF COAST FROM POSITION ABOUT 5 MILES WSW OF MONTE WILSON Pub. 125 SECTOR 3. CABO BLANCO, PERU TO ARICA, CHILE Ships loading iron ore berth alongside the W side of the pier. Iron ore slurry can be loaded via pipeline on either side. Tankers berth on either side, but ships discharging general cargo always berth along the E side. When berthing along the 5 W side of the pier, ships let go both anchors in a "pocket" 21.5m (70ft.) deep, 76m (250ft.) long, and 91 m ( 300 ft.) wide, located off the platform. The bottom is mud and sand. Depths range from 18 to 19m (59 to 62ft.) along 10 the W side of the pier. The E side of the pier has depths up to 18.0m (59 ft.) at its outer end and 12. 8m (42 ft.) alongside most of its length. Vessels up to 320m (1,050 ft.) in length and 17.9m (59 ft.) draft can be accommodated alongside. 15 Caution.-Swell and sea surge occurs, 'making mandatory use of heavy surge lines while berthed at the pier; ships engines should always be ready for immediate use. Pilotage.-Pilotage is compulsory. Pilots board 20 ships by day and at night, on advance notice, about 1 mile N of the pierhead. Upon arrival the starboard side accommodation ladder should be rigged for officials. The authorities board between the hours 0700-1100 and 1300-1800 and at any 25 time of day or night, upon prior request. Pilots will remain aboard ship during periods when there is a heavy surge and swell. An ETA should be sent to the agent and mining company 5 days, 2 days and 1 day in advance. Vessels should contact .the 30 port by VHF 4 hours prior to arrival. It was reported that pilots for Puerto San Juan are also available here. Anchorage can be taken in depths of29.3m ( 16 fm) to 36.6m (20 fm), good holding ground of 35 mud, shells, and sand, between 3/4 and 1 mile N of the pierhead. There is very little swell with .an offshore breeze, but when it ceases ships at anchor swing broadside as the swell makes up. Approaching the anchorage from theW, pass S of the sunken 40 wreck lying Jl h miles, 341 o, from the pier head. Punta San Juan is located about 8 miles SE of Punta San Nicolas. Bahia San Juan is entered N of the point. The S side of the bay is cliffy whereas 45 the E side and head is sandy. A main light is shown from a tower 13m (43 ft.) high, standing 1h mile SE of the point. An aeronautical radiobeacon is lo cated at a lighted mast standing 1h mile E of the light tower. 5o Punta Parada ( l5°22'S., 75°12'W.) the outer end ofa peninsula extending 3/4 mile SSW ofPunta San Juan, is radar prominent. Cerro Acari (El Huevo), isolated and very high, rises steeply above cliffs and is a conspicuous landmark 5 miles NNE of the point. Roca Negra, about 1.8m ( 6 ft.) high, 55 lies between 1h and 3 /4 mile WSW of Punta Para da; a 6.4m (21 ft.) patch lies about 3/4 mile SW, Pub. 125 and a reef, awash, extends 800 yards NW and 1h mile SSE of Roca Negra. There is a 14.6m (48 ft.) patch about 1 mile NW of Punta Parada. Caution.-A submarine exercise area, the limits of which may be seen on the chart, lies about 30 miles W of Punta Parada. Local magnetic anomalies have been reported off Bahia San Juan. 3.25 Puerto San Juan (15°20'S., 75°l0'W.)The port and town of San Juan are located at the head of Bahia San Juan, about 11h miles E of Punta San Juan. The port was important for its iron ore shipments from mines nearby, but this function is now carried out by San Nicolas. The Peruvian Navy controls operations of the port which functions for area cargo discharge. It was reported ( 1987) that the piers within the port were destroyed and the port was closed to commercial shipping. Anchorage, sheltered from swell, can be taken in theSE part of the bay in depths of27.4 to 36.6m (15 to 20 fm), good holding ground. It is recommended that both anchors should be used due to occasional strong and shifting winds. Punta Lomas ( l5°33'S., 74°5l'W.) lies 23 miles SE of Punta Parada. A light is shown from the point. Several dangers front the coast between the points and may be seen on the chart. Islote Lobo, above water, lies about 11h miles SE of Punta Parada. Rocas Tres Marias are three above-water rocks which lie on a reef that extends about 1h mile off an unnamed puint located 41h miles SE ofPunta Parada. Punta Lomas is the extremity of a prominent rocky peninsula, projecting about l mile SW from the mainland, to which it is joined by a sandy isth mus. The peninsula consists ofa series of very black rocks, higher toward the point; so that from the offmg it appears as an island. Above-and below- water rocks fringe the point. A detached rock, with Jess than 1.8m ( 6 ft.) over it, lies about 700 yards W of the point, and a 14.6m ( 8 fm) shoal lies Jl h miles WNW of the light structure. Anchorage can be taken in depths of 9.1 to 27.4m (5 to 15 fm), good holding ground of sand, in Rada de Lomas, just W and N of Punta Lomas peninsula. The anchorage is exposed to sea and swell which causes ships to roll heavily if not kept head to the sea. A stranded wreck is ashore about 1 mile N of Punta Lomas. The roadstead is the port for Acari which is located up the Rio Lomas about 14 miles. Cargo is lightered from a pier at the head of the roads. Puerto de Chala (15 °52'S., 74 ° 14'W.) lies about 40 miles SE of Punta Lomas. The coast between SECTOR J,.CABO BLANCO, PERU TO ARICA, CHILE is low, sandy, and on which the surf breaks heavily. Rivers emptying into the sea between steep hills, flow through green valleys that are visible from offshore. Punta Chavina about II miles SE of Punta Lomas, appearing as a rock from the offing, serves as a good radar target. A white islet and rocks lie on a reef extending 1h mile off the point. A patch with II m ( 36 ft.) over it, was reported (1965) to lie 61h miles SW of Punta Chavina. Punta Chala about IS miles SE of Punta Chavina, is radar prominent being high and rocky. Monte Chala is a prominent mountain range with several peaks which terminates in Punta Chala. Puerto de Chala is a small, coastal port from which cattle and minerals are shipped. The settlement, built on high ground, has a church with towers, conspicuous from offshore. A main light is shown from a tower standing on high ground in port. Anchorage can be taken in a depth of27.4m (IS fm ), rock, with the church bearing 081 o. The anchorage is open to S winds, so that vessels may roll heavily. Vessels should not proceed within the rocks which lie up to 1h mile off the E and SE shores ofthe roadstead. The outer rocks are steep-to and usually marked by breakers. 3.26 Punta Atico (16 o 14'S., 73 o 43'W.) is located 38 miles SE of Puerto de Chala. The coast between is backed by barren hills intersected by rivers emptying into the sea. Punta Atico, colored white, is the Send of an irregular rock-fringed peninsula, about I mile long, which is joined to the coast by a low, sandy isthmus. The point is radar prominent. A light is shown from a tower 18m (59 ft.) high, standing on the point and a prominent television mast stands about 700 yards NNE of the light tower. A radar conspicuous beacon consisting ofa mast with two parallel reflectors, stands near the head of East Cove, on theE side ofthe isthmus. Landing can be made in West Cove, on the W side of the isthmus. There is a rock, awash, in the cove entrance and another rock, with less than l.Sm ( 6 ft.) over it, lies near the head of the cove. A depth of ll.9m (39ft.) was reported (1958) to lie 8 miles offshore 24 miles WNW of the light tower. A depth of 14.6m (48 ft.) was reported (1965) to lie about 12 miles W of the light tower. A depth of lim (36 ft.) lies about 9 miles W of the light tower. Atico, a small town, is situated 2 miles up the Rio Atico which flows into the sea 41h miles E of Punta Atico. Anchorage can be taken by ships loading fish meal from barges in a position about I3I 4 miles ENE of Punta Atico where depths are ample. An . chorage can also be taken in depths of 34.7 to 36.6m (19 to 20 fm) about 1/4 mile off theW side of the peninsula in Rada de Atico (16°l3'S., 73 o 43'W. ). Small vessels anchor off the head of West Cove in 12.8 to I6~5m (7 to 9 fm). The pre ferred anchorage in East Cove, open SE, is in I8.3m ( 10 fm) about 1h mile offshore. Punta Pescadores ( 16 °24'S., 73 o 17'W. ), a low projecting bluff, lies about 26 miles SE of Punta Atico. It is identified from S by four, high dark cliffs of which the W cliff is the highest. La Planchada Light stands about 4 miles E of Punta Pescadores. Roca Flara (Flora}, which dries, lies I mile S of the point. A depth of 33m (18 fm) was reported ( I95I) to lie about 7 miles SW of the Roca Flara. Caleta Planchada, entered 5 miles ESE of Punta Pescadores, affords sheltered anchorage to fishing vessels. Caution should be exercised when entering the bay as it has not been surveyed recently. A fishmeal factory with submarine pipelines extending up to 48I yards off it lies within the bay. Rio Ocona flows through a valley in an area where cotton is grown and empties into the sea about I 0 1h miles SE of Punta Pescadores. Caleta Ia Chira, about 4 1h miles SE of the river mouth, is an open cove with Isolote Foca, high and rock-fringed near its head. The shores of the cove and adjacent coast consist of high, sheer cliffs which are radar prominent. The S entrance point of the cove is identified by a cove-shaped eminence that rises just E of the point and above the cliffs. Anchorage can be taken in 14.6m (8 fm) 1h mile WNW of the S entrance point. Punta Camana (!6°53'S., 72°48'W.) about 17 miles SE of Caleta Ia Chira, is sandy and projects S from the middle of a valley which is 2 to 3 miles wide near the coast. The valley with its rich colors contrasts with the barren land on each side of it. Rio Camana flows into the sea· about I mile SE ofthe point. Monte Fuerte, a prominent hill resembling a fort, rises close E of the river mouth. A depth of27m ( I5 fm) lies about 9 miles WSW ofthe river mouth. Morro Siguas, a conspicuous peak, rises from the plain about 22 miles ENE of Monte Fuerte. Camana Light is shown from a tower on Punta Pano about II miles ESE of Punta Camana. Caleta Quilca (16 o 43'S., 72 °26'W.) is located about 17 miles ESE of Monte Fuerte. The cove, about 400 yards wide at its entrance, 'decreasing to 200 yards within, has depths of 25.6 to 5.5m ( 14 to 3 fm) from entrance to head. A light is shown from Morro El Castillo, the dark red cliff forming the W entrance point. Punta Quilca, off which lies Roca Foca, an above-water rock, is located about I mile SE of Morro El Castillo. The point is radar prominent. The cove is suitable for small craft only and local knowledge is required. A valley descends steeply: to the coast close NW of Punta Quilca and the Rio Quilca enters the sea nearby. Pub. 125 66 SECTOR 3. CABO BLANCO, PERU TO ARICA, CHILE Anchorage.-Several mooring buoys for lighters Tides-Currents.-The tidal range is about 0.6 lie between the anchorage and Morro El Castillo. to 0.8m (2 to 3ft.). Currents in the bay and harbor Vessels can anchor about 70 yards off the lighter are negligible. buoys in depths of 34.7 to 36.6m ( 19 to 20 fm), Aspect-Dangers.-Islotes Alvizuri consist of several islets lying in the S part ofBay de Matarani. with the church bearing 027° and Roca Fosa bear ing 140 o. Small craft can anchor offa landing pier. The islets are high and steep-to, but vessels should not attempt to pass between them without local knowledge. Pasaje de Islay, about 250 yards wide Punta Hornillos (Cornejo) lies 12 miles SE of and with a least depth of 15m ( 49 ft.) lea~s NNE Caleta Quilca. The coast between is regular in out through the islets. A wreck marked by a buoy lies line, with very small coves backed by hills and low close NE of the islets. black cliffs. Rocks fringe the shores in many places. The harbor is enclosed by two breakwaters, the The point, a high, reddish colored projection, re W ofwhich extends NNE for about 650 yards then sembles a two-tiered fort. Three rocks, on which forms an elbow extending E for about 50 yards. the sea always breaks, lie close off the point. A TheE breakwater extends about 150 yards W from rock, with a depth of less than 1.8m ( 6 ft.) over the NE shore ofthe harbor. An 11.3m (37ft.) patchit, lies about 1114 miles SSW of the point. It was lies about 160 yards NNW of the W breakwaterreported (1965) that a shoal of 19.5m (64ft.) lies head. The harbor entrance is about 130 yards wideabout 31h miles SW of Punta Hornillos. between an obstruction off theE breakwater head, Punta Islay (17 °0 1'S., 72 °07 'W.) is located and a 4.9m (16ft.) rocky patch marked by a light about 13 miles SE of Punta Hornillo (Cornejo). buoy, lying close off the W breakwater head.It is the center of three points and may be easily Berths.-The entrance fairway, leading SE beidentified by its dark color which contrasts with tween breakwater heads, has a depth of 13.1 m(43the whitish type oflava that is seen along the coast. ft.). Pilots will not take a ship over the 11.9m (39The point projects slightly SW under some white ft.) rocky patch in the entrance unless it is highpatches of the hillside. A main light is shown from tide and there is no swell. The principal wharf is a tower 13m (43 ft.) high, standing on the point. located along the SE shore of the· harbor. There Several rocks and islets lie off the point up to 3I 4 is a a coastal mole 100 yards long, with a depth mile seaward. Bahia de Matarani is entered about of 4.0m ( 13 ft.) alongside, and a fishing pier for 1 mile NNW of Punta Islay. travelers, in the. NE side of the harbor. The principal wharfis about 580 ( 1,902 ft.) long and divided into four berths. Vessels up to 186m PUERTO DE MATARANI (l7°00'S., ( 610 ft.) in length and 9.4m (31 ft.) draft can be accommodated alongside. 72°07'W.) It is reported that a ro-ro berth is under construction S of the main wharf. A swell, often preventingWorld Port Index No. 14860 the entry and departure of ships in winter, is felt in the harbor and alongside the wharf. 3.27 Puerto de Matarani, a small, artificial harLandmarks-Aids.-Cerro Islay, dark, high, andbor at the head of Bahia de Matarani, can accomwith a bell-shaped peak, stands about 5 miles NNEmodate large ocean-going ships alongside the of Punta Islay. This peak is a good mark on a Sprincipal wharf. The harbor affords Bolivia with approach to port when the area is fog-bound. A a free port for incoming general cargo and the shipstatue and a water tank located in the vicinity of ment of Bolivian ore. Matarani is the main port the range markers are visible on nearing the harfor the S part of Peru. There are no dwellings or bor, as is a large grain elevator on the wharf. commercial offices in port; all installations are con-Two sets of range lights lead from the sea into trolled by the government. Stevedores are transthe harbor and may best be seen on the chart. A ported from and to Mollendo, about 9 miles dislight is shown from an islet lying close offthe shore tant. The port is subject to congestion, especially about 400 yards N of the W breakwater head. when large bulk grain ships are discharging, as Pilots.-Pilotage is compulsory. Pilots normally they take up more than one berth thus reducing board vessels between 1I 4 and 1h mile W of the port capacity. harbor entrance. Contact can be made via VHF Winds-Weather.-The prevailing winds areS radio station-Channel 16. Tugs also meet vessels to SW. The strong winds that occur often necessiat the boarding area and are necessary to turn vestate the use of two tugs to turn the ship around sels in the harbor entrance. ETA should be sent at the harbor entrance. A heavy swell and surge to the Port Captain 24 hours in advance. is common to the area, so that in winter the swell Caution.-A restricted area used as a submarine may prevent entry and departure. exercise area, the limits of which may be seen on Pub. 125 SECTOR 3. CABO BLANCO, PERU TO ARICA, CHILE 1250313 PUERTO DE MATARANI the chart, lies in the approach to the port about 35 miles SW of Punta Islay. Numerous fishing vessels may be encountered in the vicinity of the port and moored near the breakwaters. 25 Anchorages.-Anchorage can be taken in a depth of 50 to 60m (27 to 32 fm) about 1/4 mile NW of the root of the W breakwater. Fishing vessels anchor within the NE corner of the harbor. 30 MATARANI TO ARICA 35 3.28 Puerto Mollendo (l7°0l'S., 72°02'W.) (World Port Index No. 14850).-The lighterage port of Mollendo, about 6 miles ESE of Punta Islay, no longer engages in shipping operations except for the discharge from tankers of clean petro-40 leum products at the offshore moorings. The breakwater (mole) and landing wharf in Puerto Mollendo have been destroyed by sea action. All cargo operations are now carried out at Matarani. A church with two conspicuous spires stands in the 45 town. An oil terminal with prominent tanks is located close E of the town. An offshore tanker berth, consisting of four mooring buoys, lies about 600 yards S of the terminal and is connected to it by a subma-50 rine pipeline. Pilotage is compulsory and pilots board about l mile from the berth. Pilots are available from Matarani and ETA must be sent through Calleo at least 24 hours in advance. It is reported (1988) that vessels with drafts up 55 to 12.2m ( 40 ft.) can be handled. At times, the berth is closed due to heavy swells. Punta Coles ( l7°42'S., 71 °23'W.) is located about 54 miles SE of Puerto Molendo. The coast between is regular in outline and backed generally by hills intersected in places by valleys. The roadstead and port of Ilo, 4 miles NNE of Punta Coles, is the only place of importance along this coast. Volcan Misti, about 60 miles NE of Puerto Mollendo, is a conical mountain covered with snow, and is reported visible in clear weather from l 00 miles offshore. Punta Bombon, close to the mouth of Rio Tambo, is located about 13 miles SE of Mollendo. The point, low and brush-covered, is the outer end of the alluvial plain at the entrance to Valle de Tambo. The point should be given a wide berth. Valle de Tambo is fertile, contrasting sharply with the steep, barren cliffs that extend along the coast on either side. A high peak is prominent about 9 miles NNW of Punta Bombon. Cabo Peje Perro, a 579m ( 1,900 ft.) promontory rises about 10 miles SE of Punta Bombon. Caleta Cocotea, 3 miles SE of the cape, affords anchorage in a least depth of l4.6m ( 8 fm) but there is usually a rough sea in the cove. Two high islets lie close off the coast about l mile SE of the cove. Punta Coles is a low, sandy spit extending from the base of a high tableland. Above-water rocks lie on detached foul ground lying 1h mile SW of the point. From the offing the point ,appears as an island. A main light is shown from a tower 15m (50 ft.) high, standing on the point. An aeronautical radiobeacon is located about 3 miles ENE of the point. The coast N of the point is fronted by several above and below-water rocks. Punta Sopladera is located ll miles N of Punta Coles. Four ~onspicuous chimneys stand close N of the point at the South, Peru Copper Company installation. · Pub. 125 SECTOR 3. CABO BLANCO, PERU TO ARICA, CHILE Offshore Terminal.-An offshore tanker berth consisting of four mooring buoys, lies about 1I 4 mile offshore close N of Punta Sopladera. A submarine pipeline connects the berth to the shore. Vessels approach the berth heading SE on the alignment of two beacons standing about 500 yards ENE of the point. Vessels are secured at the berth heading SW. Pilotage is compulsory; vessels are required to call at Puerto Ilo for clearance and to embark the pilot. It is reported that the berth lies in depths of 24m ( 79 ft.) and that tankers of up to 45,000 dwt with drafts of 15.2m (50 ft.) can be accommodated. 3.29 Puerto Ilo ( l7°38'S., 71 °22'W.) (World Port Index No. 14840).-Puerto Ilo, the S port of Peru, is located about 41I 4 miles NNE of Punta Coles and mainly exports fishmeal and minerals. Winds.-SW winds prevail and at times cause a surge and swell that make alongside conditions difficult, especially between June/Sept. There may be some days when ships are unable to berth be cause of sea conditions. Harbor.-The port consists of a roadstead offthe town and two principal piers named Muelle Nuevo ENAPU and Muelle SPCC. Muelle Fiscal, a small pier in a cove off the N end of the town is used by lighters. Muelle Nuevo ENAPU, 305m ( 1,000 ft.) long, extends WSW from a position 300 yards W of Muelle Fiscal. The pier offers 4 berths with alongside depths of 10 to 18.3m (33 to 60 ft.). Muelle SPCC, 183m (600 ft.) long, extends WNW from a rock breakwater. There are depths of I 0 to 16m ( 32 to 52 ft.) alongside the pier, which is used exclusively for the export of copper from the refinery. An offshore tanker berth is located in depths of 15 to 18m (49 to 59 ft.) about 114 mile offshore 1h mile N of Muelle ENAPU. The berth consists of four mooring buoys and is connected to the shore by a submarine pipeline. It is reported that tankers up to about 170m (558ft.) in length with drafts of 12.2m ( 40 ft.) can be handled. Landmarks-Aids.-A conspicuous group of oil tanks stands in theN part of the port. Range lights, which may best be seen on the chart, lead to the berths on the two main piers. Dangers.-A 4.5m ( 14 ft.) patch, marked by a Iightbuoy, lies 200 yards SSW ofthe head ofMuel-Ie SPCC. Groups of rocks, marked by a light buoy, extend up to 750 yards seaward from a point on the shore about 1h mile S of the root of Muelle SPCC. A dangerous wreck lie~ abqut 1/4 m.ile N ofthe Muelle ENAPU pierhead. Pilotage.-Pilotage is compulsory, and should be requested via VHF at least 2 hours prior to arrival. Pub. 125 Pilots embark in the vicinity of the anchorages or about 3I 4 mile W of the pierheads. Caution.-Lighters moored inshore of the offshore tanker berth are used by fishing craft which frequent the area. Anchorage.-Designated anchorage areas for various types ofvessels lie offshore; tankers should anchor Pl4 miles NW of Muelle ENAPU, cargo vessels should anchor 11I 4 miles WNW of Muelle ENAPU, dangerous cargo vessels should anchor 21I 4 miles W of the piers, and quarantine vessels should anchor 2 miles WSW of the piers. Rada de Arica ( l8°29S., 70°20'W.) lies about 75 miles SE of Punta Coles. The coast between is fairly regular with fringing dangers lying within 1h mile offshore. From Punta Coles to Punta Sarna, about 33 miles SE, the coast is composed alternately ofsandy beaches and low cliffs, backed by tableland. Caleta lte (l7°54'S., 70°57'W.), a cove about 1 mile wide, affords a landing place except during autumn and winter when rough seas prevail. Rio Locumba flows into the sea through a fertile valley and empties through a beach at the NW side of the cove. A reefextends from theN shore of Caleta Ite. Punta Sarna (l8°00'S., 70°53'W.) is the extension of a spur leading W from Morro de Sarna, a bold rock-fringed, dark promontory that is the most conspicuous headland along this coast. A reef on which the sea breaks at times, lies off Punta Sarna. A light is. shown from a tower on Punta Sarna. Anchorage.-Anchorage may be taken NW of the reef extending from the N shore of Caleta Ite, in a depth of 18.3m (1 0 fm ), sand, with Punta Sarna bearing 145 o and a road, that is cut through the dark hills behind the cove, bearing 015 °, Small vessels may anchor in Caleta Sarna, just N of the point in depths of 16.5 to 21.9m ( 9 to 12 fm). Punta de 1a Quiaca ( 18°05'S., 70°46'W.). a low, sandy tongue, with cliffs close N of it, is fronted by an above-water rock lying close SE of it. The coast between Rio Juan Diaz ( 18 o 1 O'S., 70 o 40'W.) and Arica consists of a sandy beach. It is backed at its NW end by the heights of Cerros de Juan Diaz and Cerro Negro, rising 51h miles E of Rio Juan Diaz. Los Palos Light is shown at the mouth of the Rio Molles (18°18'S., 70°26'W.). La Concordia Light (Peru) ( 18°21 'S., 70°23'W.) is shown at the coastal frontier between Peru and Chile. La Concordia Light (Chile) is shown about 11I 4 miles E of its namesake. An aeronautical radiobeacon is located about 2 miles E of La Concordia Light (Chile). The port of Arica is located about 8 miles SSW of the coastal frontier and is described in Sector 4. See Appendix of Anchorages. 69 22225 BAHIA MEJILLONES DEL SUR SOUTH PAC! !SEE Sf:!'TOR I 1 OCEAN 28° 29° IGENERAL CHART 6081 1250401 Additional chart coverage may be found in CATP2, Catalog of Nautical Charts. SECTOR 4 CHART INFORMATION Pub. 125 WEATHER-A climatic control factor along the central portion of the co.ist, in the section between a•s. and 33•S., is the cool water of the Humboldt Current, or Peru Current, which sets NE to the coast of Chile where it is denected to the N by the South American continent. Upwelling is a conspicuous feature of this current and results from the prevalent SE winds along the coasts of Chile and Peru which, over certain regions, carry the warm surface waters awa)· from the coast and bring to the surface the cool waters from below. Between the areas of intense upwelling are warm tongues which carr)· water of higher temperatures onto the coast. However, the marked cooling over the regions of upwelling more than compensates for the warm tongues, and the net result is lower temperatures O\'er the adjoining coastal areas than would be otherwise normal for the latitude. Southward berond the effect of the Humboldt Current tempe~atures are actual!)· higher than average for the latitude. The S portion of the W coast of South America is under the innuence of the oceanic westerlies and climate in this area is more maritime in nature than that experienced on the E coast at the same latitudes. This region is subject to strong and persistent W winds, the result of a stronp: pressure gradient existinll between the semi-permanent Paci fie High and the region of low pressure stretching from the general latitude of the South Orkne)· and South Shetland Islands S into the Antarctic. Throughout the )·ear a semi-permanent South Pacific anticvclone is located off the N coast of Chile near ao•S., 'oo•w. Its position is relati\·ei)' stable throughout the )·ear with central pressures ranp:inp: from a low of 1018mb. in Ma)· to a hi11h of 1025mb. in October. Between this High and the W coast of South America there is a permanent pressure RJ"&dient which is greatest in southern summer when a heat low lies over the interior of the South American continent. This steep 11radient also extends S to the deep low which continuallv surrounds the Antarctic. From mean annual te.;.peratures in the hip:h seventies near the Equator the values drop to the high sixties alonl( most of the Peruvian Coast and fall to 65• and below alon11 theN coast of Chile. At Antofagasta the averap:e annual temperature is 63• and the a,·era11e daily minimum on I)· a few degrees lower at 57•. Temperatures continue to dropS along the coast of Chile and, although there is no record of freezing temperatures at Valparaiso, farther S at Valdivia minima below 32• have been reported in all months from April throu11h November. l L E 1\T-iDs..;;..close to the ooast of Peru and N Chile wind, are r)red.;minantly S to SW throughout the SOUTH .n·ar:· .}leeauae of the strong p....awre l(l'adient between the ccia&t a~d the o.ieanic hiR!t located som" cl isi!ill(f! at:~ rhete windsare persistent, becomiRIZ PACIFIC SF. trades when they turn NW around,the periphery of the Sooth Pacif~e HiRJt. The atrooi!est of tiles<) winds. oeellf' ~oring,the spriRIZ and early summer OCEAN 1s.,ti.mbl!r:throoghl>ecember) when the contrast in tt·r!lpi!raiures between til<> rapidls warming land and the atiU oool iiea is l(l'ilateat. These winds often take on the eharacteristiat of the sea breeze of marked inlt•Mity:,KimWn lilca\IY ¥the "vita%0n", they may be of such stre~h'ae to halt lo,ad]ng or unloading of ship~.· Along the. ti.Uean COII&t, joat S of Concepeion. th~ is ail ..._ wbeni winter winda are tri!Quently N, Tllia i:one 81!paratee the wb)ds of N Chile, wbidl are .pnidom!Qntly trom the S .Quad~ta•.and the Westetlle& of S Chilll. At Jsla,Moeha West. whleb is in tlje -!~~14De and a .short distanee off the coast .near latitude 38.s~s.,· the wind ill s in 60 perCI!IIt of tilt ohselvatiollli and N in only 10 percent -iiurblg J~llal'y•. While, in the .winte~ month of July, the peft,e~'are 26 pill'ilellt S and 32 percent N. Soilth Ill thialatitilde winds are from W quadrant In more thae half of Obeervations. Althol.I!Jh wind$ from -ali· E diteetion are not eom.mon; when they do ·. · OeciJr with 'rising pnl8Sore, they. bring fine weather ;over maaw water&. ·The elrtre~~~ely rugged nature of · tbe .S. COII&t of·Chile a>ntributes to a variability of windJ in many loeatillna. PUERTO Lli