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FM: 1-5

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I ! I HEADQUARTERSv DEPARTMENT OF T I iH E ARM~ 
MAY 1966 I I ! 
TAGO 6992A 
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*FM 1-5 
FIELD MANUAL } HEADQUARTERSDEPARTMENT OF THE ARMYNo. 1-5 WASHINGTON, D.C., 26 May 1966 
AVIATION COMPANY 
Paragraphs Page CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION__________________________________ 1-1-1-3 1-1 
2. ORGANIZATIONAL ELEMENTS__________________ 2-1-2-2 2-1 
3. RECONNAISSANCE, SELECTION, AND OCCU-
PATION OF AIRFIELD AND UNIT POSITIONGeneral____________________________________________ 3-1-3-3 3-1Section I.
II. Procedures_________________________________________ 3-4-3-10 3-2 
III. Organization of airfield and unit position_____________ 3-11-3-16 3-4 
CHAPTER 4. SECURITY OF THE AIRFIELD AND UNITPOSITIONSection I. GENERAL________________________________________ 4-1-4-5 4-1
II. Types of attack____________________________________ A-6-4-10 4-2 
CHAPTER 5. COMBAT SERVICE SUPPORT FOR THEAVIATION COMPANY Section I. Division support command___________________________ 5-1-5-3 5-1
II. Field armY-----------------------------------------5-4-5-7 5-1
III. Organizational maintenance_________________________ 5-8-5-10 5-3 
CHAPTER 6. EMPLOYMENT Section I. General____________________________________________ 6-1-6-3 6-1 
II. Employment_______________________________________ 6-4,6-5 6-2 
III. Aviation company organization.s---------------~------6-6-6-18 6-5 
CHAPTER 7. COMMUNICATIONS_______________________________ 7-1-7-5 7-1 
8. TRAINING Section I. General____________________________________________ 8-1--8-4 8-1 
II. The aviation company training program_______________ 8-5-8-7 8-2 APPENDIX A. REFERENCES___________________________________ _ 
A-1 
B. AVIATION COMPANY COMMUNICATIONS
DIAGRAMS_____________________________________ ________ B-1 
C. INSPECTIONS____________________________________ ________ C-1 
D. AVIATION SAFETY------------------------------________ D-1
E. 	SURVEILLANCE PLATOON, GENERAL SUPPORTAVIATION COMPANY, AVIATION GROUP, AIR-MOBILE DIVISION------------------------------________ E-1
F. AIR CRASH RESCUE PROCEDURES______________ ________ F-1INDEX__________________________________________________________ _ 1-1 
*This manual supersedes FM 1-5, 29 May 1959, including C 1, 13 March 1961, C 2, 31 May 1961, C 3, 16 August 1961, C 4, 19 June1962, C 5, 15 August 1962, and C 6, 20 January 1964. 
AGO 6992A 

FM 1-5 

CHAPTER 1 
INTRODUCTION 

1-1. Purpose and Scope 
a. 
'This manual is ,a guide for commanders and subordinate leaders of Army aviation companies and smaller elements. It provides doctrine and guidance for the operation of the aviation company. It discusses the capabilities, limitations, ,and internal operations of the company. 

b. 
TMs manual is applicable to all types of aviation companies, divisional and nondivisional. Users who are interested in specific orwanizations should consult the appropriate tables of orgJani7Jation and equipment (TOE) in conjunction with this manual. 

c. This manual supplements FM 1-15. 

d. 
The material contained in this manual is applicable to all levels of nuclear warfare, conventional w~rfare, and counterinsurgency. 

e. 
Users of this manual are encouraged to submi!t recommended changes or comments to improve the manual. Comments should be keyed to the specific page, paragraph, and line of text in which the change is recommended. Reasons should be provided for each comment to insure understanding 'and complete evaluation. Comme:nts should be forwarded directly to the Commanddng Officer, United States Army Com


bat Developme:nts Command Aviation Agency, Fort Rucker, Ala. 36360. 

1-2. Mission of the Army Aviation Company 
The basic mission of every Army aviation company is to augmenrt; the capability of the Army to conduct prompt and sustained combat incident to ope~ations on land. The mission of each aviation company is s,t3Jted in the appropriate TOE. 

1-3. Capabilities and Limitations 
a. Capabilities. The aviation company is capable of operating throughout the s.pectrum of warfare. It provides a means of supplementing the land battle functions of intelligence; mobility; firepower; command, control, and communications; and service support. The capabilirties of each indivddual company-based upon the personnel and equipment assigned to the company----are listed in appropriate TOE. 
b. Limitations. The aviation company has limited ability to defend itself while performing operations. It is further limited by its large requirement for aviation fuel, i,ts sensitivity to adverse weather conditions, and its vulnerability to overpressures caused by nuclear explos~on. 
AGO 6992A 




FM 1-5 

CHAPTER 2 
ORGANIZATIONAL ELEMENTS 

2-1. General 
Organizational elements of all types of aviation oompandes are similar in structure and function. Appropriate TOE contain information on the organization of specific units. FM 1-15 and 1-100 ,discuss the command relationships and employment of aviation units. The surveillance platoon (,aJ.rmobile division) is discussed in appendix E. 
2-2. Functions of Elements 
a. 
Company Headquarters. Responsibilities of the aviation company headquarters include-

(1) 	
Training and operntion of the company. 

(2) 	
Opera.tion of the company mess. 

(3) 	
Company administration. 


(4) 	
Opera.tion of the company aid station when assigned or attached. 

(5) 	
Requisitioning and distribution of supplies. 



b. 
Operations Element. Elements which may be assigned to company headquarters, or as sepa11a.te sections, and representaJtive functions of each include the following: 


(1) 	Operations element headquarters. This headqwal1ters
(a) 	
Establishes and operates the company airfield. 

(b) 	
Assigns flight missdons to company elements. 

(c) 	
Coordinates flight planning with the element responsible for air traffic regulation in the area of operations. 

(d) 	
Coordinates flight schedules to insure availability of aircrews and a.ircraft. 

(e) 	
Mainta.ins company flight records. 


(f) 	
Assists the commander in conducting the flying safety P'rogram. 

(g) 	
SuperVJises the maintenance of flight crew proficiency and qualifications. 

(h) 	
Conducts liaison with higher headquarters and with other units as requdred for planning and scheduling purposes. 

(
i) Maintains a current file of aeronautical charts and flying regul31tions. 


(.i) 	Maintains intelligence situation map and locations of friendly bases, outposts, and defended villages in a counterinsurgency situation. This informa;tion will be useful when emergency landings are necessary. 
(k) 	Ass,ists in planning and preparing orders for combat operations, to include airmobdle operations. 

(2) 	
Airfield control section. This section

(
a) Pl'!ovides terminal aJir traffic control at the primary airfield/heliport. 

(b) 	
Installs and operates the company's airfield navigational equipment. 



(3) 	
Communications section. This section

(a) 	
P111ovides the company with the means for internal ·and external communications. 

(b) 	
Provides radio, wire, and other communications means to the company. 

(c) 	
Aids in the selection of locations for commuruications facilities. 

(d) 	
Performs organizational maintenance of assigned communications equipment. 




c. Ait·cmft Platoon. 
(1) 	Platoon headquarters. This headquarters-
AGO 6992A 	2-1 


FM 	1-5 
(a) 	
Is res.ponstible for the training and operation of the platoon. 

(b) 	
Coordina;tes with the operations officer regarding missions assigned to the platoon. 

(c) 	
Is responsible for providing limited organizational aircraft ma,intenance. 


(2) 	Ait·craft secUons. Aircraft sections provide flight crews and aircraft to perform assigned missions. 
d. Service Platoon. 
(1) Platoon headqum·ters. The platoon headquarters
(
a) Insures that organizational maintenance is performed on company a;ircraft, ground vehicles, and selfpowered equipment. 

(b) 	
Establishes maintenance schedules and priorities. 

(c) 	
Coordinates with supply personnel to assure availability of necessary pa~and assemblies. 

(d) 	
Supervises training of personnel assigned to the platoon. 

(e) 	
Perfom1s technieal ins.peotions of aircra:Dt and ground vehicles undergoing maintenance to accomplish quality control functions including maintenance of records. 

(f) 	
Coordinates with the battalion 


maintenance officer in the scheduling of aircraft into the direct support facility. For a sepa:mte company, this coordination is conducted directly with the direct support unlit commander. 
(2) 	A·ircraft mwintenance section. This section performs organizational maintenance on assigned aircraft beyond the capability of the a:ircmft crew chief/flight engineer. 
(3) 	Automotive maintenance section. Th~s section performs organizational maintenance, including recovery of vehicles and distrtibution of petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL), for the company's automotive and self-powered equipment. 
(4) 	Airfield ser·uice section. This section
(
a) Refuels aircmft at the primary airfield and, by prearrangement, at other locations. 

(b) 	
Trransports bulk fuel to refueling points. 

(c) 	
Assists in parking alircraft. 

(d) 	
Provides personnel for ground handling orf aircraft and fire guards for starting engtines. 

(e) 	
Provides cmsh rescue and firefighting services. 


{f) 	Ma;intains unit POL g,torage facilities. 
2-2 	AGO 6992A 
FM 1-5 

CHAPTER 3 
RECONNAISSANCE, SELECTION, AND OCCUPATION 
OF AIRFIELD AND UNIT POSITION 

Section I. GENERAL 
3-1. Introduction 
The decislion to displace the company, based on the requirement for providing responsive aviation support, is usually made by the battalion commander (FM 1-15). The ability to accomplish these moves rapidly and efficiently is essential to the basic requirement that displacements result in arrival of the units concerned at the proper place, at the proper time, and in an effective condlition. It is often necessary for the unit to conduct operations from the old position until the new position becomes operational. Standing openating procedures 
(SOP) cov~ering the reconnaissance, selection, and occupation of posWon (RSOP) will greatly fadlirtate displacements. FM 101-5 discusses the purpose and scope of standing operating procedures. FM 1-15 contains a suggested outline for an SOP. 


3-2. Company Positions and Landing Zones 
a. 
Company Position. The company postition is that area occupied by the aviation company. It normally adjoins or surrounds the unit landing area and includes dispersal areas for each element of the company. 

b. 
Landing Zones. In the absence of suitable existing facilities, engineer support will be required to construct landing facilities. When this support is not available, the commander will find it necessary to build his own airfield or heliport. TM '5-330 contains details on the 


planning and construction of Army airfields and heliports. 

3-3. Reconnaissance 
Reconnaissance is conducted on a continuing basris to secure advance information regarding suitable areas for use in the event of displacement. This normally begins with ma:p reconnaissance of areas in which future operations are to be conducrted or are likely to be conducted. Map reconnaiss,ance of primary and alternate air and ground routes can be conducted in conjunction with map reconnaissance of the new position. General a'reas and routes selected by map reconnaissance can be evaluated further by aerial reconnalissance. Except under emergency conditions, ground reconnaissance is conducted before final selection is made. Security of the selected site mus.t be assured, first by aerial reconna.issance and subsequently by ground reconnaissance. Aerial and ground reconnaissance can be combined by landing a ground party during the aerial reconnaissance. Under conditions of utmost urgency, an ad\llance party can fly to the general area 
selected by map reconnaissance, conduct aerial reconnaJssance to select the mos,t suitable area, then land and direct the other aircraft of the company as they displace into the selected area. As ground vehicles arrive, they are met by ground personnel at the release point and directed to designated.areas. 
AGO 6992A 



FM 1-5 
Section II. 
3-4. 	General 
P·rocedures covering displacements should be outlined in un1t SOP to reduce preparation time and to provide qukk response. Items whkh may be included in the SOP are the composition of reconnaissance and advance parties, loading plans, control measures, ra;tes of Ill.a'I'ch under Viarious conditions, order of march, sequence of vehicles, time interval, density, halt time, security measures, and reponting points. Procedures for each of these items are subject to modification as necessary to conform to the type of occupation planned. The two types of occupation-hasty and deliberate~are discussed in FM 1-15. 

3-5. 	Receipt of Orders 
A via.tion companies are usually notified of pending displacements by warning orders issued by their ba;ttalion headquarters or, in the case of a company attached to or under operational control of another unit, by the headquavters concerned. The warning order is issued as early as practicable to allow the company to begin preparations for the move. It may be followed by fragmentary orders as additional information becomes available. The warning order ·includes the purpose ·Of the mission to be accomplished, the location of the new area, appropriate routes, required coor:dination, and, if appropriate, time of issue of move detailed ins.tructions. 
3-6. 	Action of the Company Commander and Element Leaders upon Receipt of Warning Orders 
Upon receipt of the warning order, the company commander will insure that all elements within his unit are made aware of the pending move. Personnel and equipment .designated to take part in the reconnaJssance will be organized and prepared to move upon receipt of addttional orders. 'The remainder of th~ unit 
should begin preparation :6or the displadement consistent with the requirements for security and for maintaJining an operational posture. 
PROCEDURES 

3-7. 	Reconnaissance Party 
When the company displacement is part of a battaUon operation, the reconnaissance normally will be conducted under battalion control (FM 1-15). Representatives from each company take part in the reconnaissance. If the move affects only the company, the reconnaissance will be organized and controlled by the company commander. 'The commander designa;tes a general area as the desired location for the airfield or helipont. A map reconnaissance is conducted to select possible sites and air and ground routes to these sites. The reconnaissance pavty moves by air or ground means to confirm these sites or to select alternate areas if the initial selection is unsuitable. The reconnaissance party a;lso reconnoiters routes to be taken by the main elements of the urut. Ground reconnaissance of the selected site will assis,t the commander in determining whether .additional support, such as engineers or security forces, w.ill be required. 

3-8. 	Selection 
a. General. The company cominJander, accompanied by communicakions personnel, one or more representatives from each platoon, and other personnel as necessary, inspects the sites tentatively selected during reconnaissance. Selection of the new position, to include the positions for company installations, is performed by the company commander. He consults with the communications personnel regarding locations for communications facilirties. He formulates plans for occupation of .the position as he performs this reconnaissance of the new area. 
After completing the reconnaissance, the commander issues otrders for the occupation of the position. 
b. Actions Prior To Arrival of the Company. 
The effect of changing weather conditions in the area mus,t be considered. Consideration must be given to the concealment or camouflage of installations from aerial observers. Protection agaJinst ground attack must be considered at all times. Maximum preparation will assjs.t 
AGO 6992A 

in assuring an orderly dispersal of the main elements of the company. This preparation normally includes
(1) 	
Selection and marking of airfield/ heliport with panels OJ' lights as needed. 

(2) 	
Selection of the site for each element of the company and indica.tion by signs or markings. 

(3) 	
Checking and marking of routes from the· vehicle release point to each location to decrease vehicle congestion. 

(
4) Selection of MJ"craft and vehicle parking areas. 

(5) 	
Selection of initial defensive position and security posts. 

(6) 	
Selection of imtial automatic weapons sites. 

(7) 	
Selection of Redeye sites. 

(8) 	
Selection of aiJ" defense artillery sites. 


3-9. Displacement of the Company 
a. 
General. When essential a-rrangements have been accompl•ished by the advance party, orders are issued for the movement of the remarl.nder of the company. 

b. 
Organization. Company elements are organized into aerial flights and march units in preparation for displacement to the new area. These organizations should be indicated in the unit SOP, thus requiring only that changes to the SOP be brought out in movement orders. 

c. 
Aerial Movement. Aircraft may be displaced to the new position by company, platoon, section, or single aircraft. 


(1) 	Company method. The company method expedites movement of organic aircraft and facilitates command an'd control. It enables the company commander to move all of his aircraft, except those on mission assignments, to the new location at one time. This method requires that the new position be manned and developed to facilitate the handling of a large amount of air traffic in a short 
FM 	1-5 
period of time, including parking and servicing. 
(2) 	
Platoon (or section) method. The platoon method permits greater flexibility than the company method. It enables the company commander to displace his unit on a much smaller scale and to remain operatic:mal throughout the displacement. Control is exercised through the platoon or section commanders. Also, the new position need not be manned and developed to the degree required for the company method of displacement. This method facilitates parking, servici'ng, and preparation for future missions. 

(3) 	
Single aircraft. The single aircraft method, although the easiest to employ, takes longer to execute. Control is passed from the company commander and platoon leaders to the indivi<lual aviator. The problems associated with aircraft landing, parking, and servicing are greatly reduced by use of this method. 



d. Ground Movement. Groun'd vehicles of the company normally are formed into an advance party, a main body, and a trail party. The trail party consists of medical and maintenance elements and necessary personnel and equipment to close out the old position. Each group is organized to insure adequate control for the march. Communications are provided for lead and rear vehicles. Security for the movement is planned to provide warning an'd defense against ground and air attack. Observation aircraft may be used to assist in the control and movement of the ground column. FM 55-35 contains details on the planning and execution of motor marches. 


3-1 0. Occupation of Position 
a. General. Movement pla:ns, supplemented by unit SOP, will allow aviation companies to occupy a position with the least amount of delay and confusion. 
b. Ar....·:val of the Motor Element. Motor 
AGO 6992A 	3-3 

FM 1-5 
vehicles should be met 2-t the release point by d. Night Occupation. Night occupation by
representatives of each section of the company. 
an aviation unit requires increased preparaThis will provide guides and allow the motor 
tion and detailed planning. A1dditional personcolumn to move quickly i•nto the area anld into nel are required to accompa:ny the advance
position. 
party to insure adequate preparation and pro
c. Arrival of the Aircraft Element. Aircraft vide guides. Landing areas must be completely will receive landing instructions at the desigorganized and checked prior to darkness. nated aerial release point prior to landing. Routes must be checked and guides furnished Guides should be prov;ided for aircraft to to lead each aircraft and vehicle to its assigned permit the landing area to be cleared as parking area. Radio and wire communications quickly as possible. are used to facilitate the occupation. 
Section Ill. ORGANIZATION OF AIRFIELD AND UNIT POSITION 
3-11. General 3-14. Aircraft Parking Areas 
Organiza,tion of the airfield and uni·t posiParking areas are established near the air
tion starts upon arrival of the first element field to provide dispersion an1d concealment of
in the new area. aircraft with minimum ground movement.
These areas are located to take advantage of
3-12. Command Post and Mess Area favorable terrain features observed during the
reconnaissance. Provisions are made to facili

The command post and mess may be coltate aircraft refueling a:nd the performance oflocated or in separate areas. They must be minor maintenance.
readily accessible to personnel using the facilities. Sufficient space must be provided for dis3-15. Maintenance Areaspersion-including cover a:nd concealmentMaintenance areas must be readily accessiblefor personnel, equipment, a:nd installations. to aircraft and motor vehicles, and must affordadequate space a:nd concealment for mainte3-13. Airfield Markings nance operations a:nd facilities. Most organizational maintenance of company aircraft and
Usable limits of the landing area are marked vehicles, except minor maintenance or refuelwith panels, lights, flags, or other devices. 
ing functidns, is performed in the mai•ntenanceThese normally are displayed only for arriving 
areas.
and departing aircraft. At all other times, fieldmarking devices should be concealed or re3-16. Refueling Facilitiesmoved. Markings may be discontinued after POL storage facilities are dispersed and conusing personnel have thoroughly familiarized cealed in areas away from aircraft parkingthemselves with the operating area. However, areas to minimize aircraft damage from POLmarkings will be required for night operations fires. The storage locations should provide easyand for transient personnel who are unfamilaccess to refueling vehicles; however, routesiar with the landing area. Wind direction is from the storage location to aircraft parkingindicated in a manner clearly visible to flight areas must be concealed to prevent aerial obcrews. All obstructions to landing or ground servation of tracks. Organic motor vehiclesmovement of aircraft are clearly indicated. are driven to refueling points. TM 10-1101FM 21-60 contains details on airfieLd· markgives detailerd information on aviation petroings. leum handling operations. 
3-4 AGO 6992A 
FM 1-5 

CHAPTER 4 
SECURITY OF THE AIRFIELD AND UNIT POSITION 

Section I. 

4-1. Introduction 
The aviation company is relatively incapable of defending itself against enemy attack while performing its mission of providing aviation 
support to other Army units. Although personnel of the company are trained to fight as infantrymen, they cannot perform their regular duties, such as aircraft maintenance, while participating in the 'defense of the airfield or the unit position. For this reason, the supported combat unit normally should provide a perimeter defense or a security force for the airfield and unit position. When such security is not provided, the company commander must request a,dditional security elements through his battalion headquarters or from the unit which he is supporting, and prepare emer
gency plans to employ company personnel in security and defensive positions. 


4-2. General Plan 
The commander of the unit occupying the airfield is responsible for the local security of the airfiel'd and unit position. When two or more units use the same airfield, the senior commander is responsible. The commander des1ignates an officer-normally the executive officer-as the company local security officer. The local security officer, usually assisted by the first sergeant, prepares a detailed plan of local defense. The plan includes provisions for indoctrinating personnel in the fundamentals of defense, a:nd training them in use of active and passive defense measures. The local defense plan is coordinated with adjacent units and higher headquarters for adaptation to the area defense pla:n. 

4-3. Passive Defense Measures 
Passive defense normally is the primary 


GENERAL 
method of protecting an airfield. It is based on dispersion, cover, and concealment of personnel and equipment. Dispersal areas with revetments, if necessary, are established for the parking of aircraft. Maximum use is made of natural terrain ferutures such as hills and wooded areas to provide cover and concealment to personnel, ruircraft, ground vehicles, and other equipment. Camouflage is used to conceal aircraft and other easily identified objects from enemy observers. Signal panels and lights are displayed only when in actual use; they are concealed or extinguished at other times. Other passive defense measures to be considered include the use of listening posts, personnel bunkers, barbed fire, mines, warning devices, and weapons discipline. The effectiveness of passive defense measures should be checked by aerial reconn81issance. · 

4-4. Active Defense Measures 
a. Active defense measures are necessary to repulse an enemy attack on the company position. The general plan for security of the posi,tion should delineate duties and responsibilities of company personnel in conducting the 
defense. The aviation company must be augmented by security personnel ·in order to maintain its operational capa:bil~ty when located in an insecure area. 
b. Air defense for the company should be provided by higher headquarters. Provision should be made fo;r supporting air defense units with organic weapons, primarily autom81tic weapons which are capable of delivering 
large volumes of direct fire. 
c. Active defense measures include having· armed rotary wing aircmft become airborne as 

AGO 6992A 4-1 


FM 1-5 
soon as possible to provide aerial reconnaislocation and .activ,ities. Av~ators may use decepsance and fire support in defense of the comtive techniques such as descending from flightpany position. 
altitudes while over dummy airfields, then
flying near treetop level from the dummy air
4-5. Deception field to the operating airfield. S[milar tech

Techniques of deception should be used to niques may be used after takeoff from the 
the maximum degree practicable to give the 	operating ·airfieLd to give the impression that 
enemy a false impression of the company's 	the takeoff Wlas made from the dummy airfield. 
Section II. TYPES OF ATTACK 
4-6. General 	should be used simultaneously ·to set up abarrage fire for maximum effectiveness against
In addition to rair attacks, Army airfields are enemy aircraft. Defensive measures againstsubject to enemy artillery and mortar fire as 
mortar attack-especially in a counterinsur
well as all types of enemy ground attacks, to gency operational environment~include aerialinclude ,those cal'r:ied out by infiltrating parties reconnaissance, extensive patrolling out to andor by enemy forces conducting guerrilla warbeyond mortar range of the airfield, physicalfare in the rear area. The aviation company occupation of a defensive perimeter which willmust be prepared .to defend itself against attack place aircraft beyond mortar range, andby using predetermined defense plans which oountermortar and a:millery fires.
can be modified to suit the situation. D,uring
daylight hours, the defensive perimeter should
extend outward far enough to minimize Jffects 	4-8. Infiltration 
of enemy small arms fire. At night the Small bands of infiltrators may attempt aperimeter normally will be tightened to provide hit-and-run mission to destroy a singe aircraft,better defense aga.ins.t infiltration by h~ving the refueling point, or some other vital installaless distance between individual positions and tion on the airfi·eld. Such attacks usually occur
greater density of defensive fires. The most 	at night or during per.iods of poor visibility and
impomant factors for consideration include may precede an attack in strengJth. Companyaccomplishment of the mission and protection personnel should use small arms and grenadesof the aircraft which will be used to accomplish to disorganize and repel the attack, preferablythe mission. In this regard, planning Wlill without disclosing the positions of automaticinclude procedures for use of predesignated weapons or ai11craft. The reserve of the airfieldalternate airfields in displacing aircraft to presecurity force should not be committed againstvent their destruction by either ground or air 
such an attack until it has been determined thatattack. 
a serious threat to the airfield exists. 
4-7. Air and Artillery Attacks 	4-9. Attacks in Strength 
The aviation un1t and airfi.eld are susceptible Attacks by strong forces may occur. When anto ,air, artillery, ~nd mortar attack and have attack occurs in any sector around the per
only a limited capabiHty for defense against imeter of the ·airfield, the entke company isthese attacks. Revetments dispersed arounp the 
alerted and the defense plan for the airfieldairfield greatly reduce the possibility that a or position is implemented. Outposts remainsingle hit will destroy a large number of airhidden as long as possible to observe and tocraft. To avoid attr.acting attention, the unit repor.t enemy movements. When the enemy
should bring hostile ai·rcraft under fire only if reaches a designated point, the outposts openthey actually .attack the airfield. When defenfi,re to delay and to disorganize the attack.srive fire is employed, all av~imble weapons Automatic weapons open fire when the enemy is 
4-2 	AGO 6992A 
within 	effective range. Riflemen fire from the 
perimeter. If available, armed aircraft are used against the enemy force. The security force reserve is employed to reinforce the most threatened area and to eject any force which penetrates the perimeter. 
4-1 0. 	Chemical, Biological, Radiological (CBR), and Nuclear Attacks 
The unit must be alert to indications that 
FM 1-5 
the enemy has used a toxic chemical agent, a biological agent, or a nuclear weapon. An alarm system must be set up to alert personnel in the event of CBR/nuclear attack. Instructions to be followed by personnel subject to such attack should be contained in the unit SOP and the 
plan of defense. FM 21-40 contains procedures for unit defense against CBR and nuclear attacks. 
AGO 6992A 

FM 1-5 
CHAPTER 5 
COMBAT SERVICE SUPPORT FOR THE AVIATION COMPANY 


Sedion I. DIVISION SUPPORT COMMAND 
5-1. General 
A divisional aviation company receives cornbat service support from direet support elements of the division support command. FM 54-2 contains details on the operations of the division support command, and FM 1-15 discusses the relationship between the division support command and the divisional aviation battalion. 

5-2. Supply 
Most supplies are furnished to divisional av-iation comp·anies by the supply and transport battalion of the division support command. Exceptions are repair parts provided by the 
medioal battalion, cryptographic supplies provided by the signal battalion, and electrical accounting supplies provided by the division administration company. The supply and transpo.rt battalion normally use a combination supply point and unit distribution system. Ammunition is picked up by company vehicles from •field .army support command (FASCOM) ammunition supply points (except in the airborne division, which operates mobile ammunition distribution points in the division support area). 

Section II. 
5-4. General 
An aviation company assigned at corps or field army level (nondivisional) receives combat service support f.rom elements of the field army. F ASCOM provides the bulk of this service through its support brigades and field armywide service organizations. Each brigade is responsible for providing support to units 
AGO 6992A 
5-3. Direct Support Maintenance 
Direct support maintenance and repair parts suppont for •items of equipment utilized by the divisional aviation company are provided by supporting elements of the division maintenance battalion (FM 9-30). This support includes such items as aircraft, vehicles, communications/electronics equipment, photo
graphic equipment, armament, generators, heaters, food service equipment, and CBR protection and detecting equipment. Additionally, the maintenance battalion direct support includes technical assistance, evacuation support, and ·assistance in the performance of organizational maintenance when such maintenance exceeds the workload capacity of the aviation company. Details on direct support organization, functions, and responsibilities within the .di\nision area are contained in FM 9-30 and FM. 10-50. Items excluded from the support mission of the division maintenance battalion are furnished as follows: Cryptographic items by the division signal battalion, medical items by the division medical battalion, electronic accounting equipment by the division administration company, clothing and 1ight textiles by the supply and transport battalion. 

FIELD ARMY 
operating in a specific area, and each armywide organization provides a major service th11oughout the field army area. The field army replacement system (FARS) provides replacements as an army-wide service. In a counterinsurgency operational environment containing no F ASCOM organization, combat service support may be provided by a provisional support 

FM 	1-5 
group or command to divisional and nondivisional ,aviation companies. FM 54-3 and FM 54-4 discuss the functions of F AS COM elements. 

5-5. Support Brigades 
There is a support briga:de for each corps and for the army service area. Units of each brigade have the mission of p11oviding combat service support to designated troops and units, less supplies and services furnished by the armywide service organizations. 

5-6. Army-Wide Service Organizations 
Following is a brief discussion of the functions of the army-wide service organizations and of the F ARS: 
a. 
Ammunition Brigade. The ammunition brigade establishes and operates field army ammunition supply points at locations convenient to supported divisional and nondivisional units. 

b. 
Medical Brigade. The medical br.ig:ade provides medical support to nondivistional units operating in the field army area, and also provides field army treatment facilities and eVJacuation in support of div·isional units. ' 

c. 
Transportation Brigade. Trucks and aircraft of the transportation brigade provide movement, to include the movement of p~rsonnel, equipment, and supplies, in corps areas anrl in the army service area. · · 

d. 
Military Police Brigade. ElemeThts of th'e military police brigade provide normal military police suppo11t to each corps area and ,to units in the army service area. This brigade may I provide some support to the divisions. ' 

e. 
Civil Affairs Group. The civil affairs organization performs its functions in support of corps areas .and the army service area.' Civil affiairs activi,ties in the combat zone are pri


'
marily concerned with those matters that hav~ the most impact on the tactical situation. Thes~ include measures to
(1) 	
Control the civil populace, displaced persons, and refugees. 

(2) 	
Locate and take control of civilian 


resources required for military operations. 
(3) Insure close li·aison between tactical units and local authorities. 
f. Field Army Replacement System. The F ARS normally is under operational control of the •field army adjutant general who coordinates the accounting for, and assignment of, all field army replacements. These replacements may be assigned directly to requiring units. FARS units are assigned to FASCOM to receive, process, house, feed, and provide limited training as necessary to individuals who are not moved directly to the unit of 
assignment. 

5-7. Direct Support 
The nondivisional aviation company receives most of its required direct support from appropriate elements of the direct support group. The supply and services battalion of the group provides food, POL, clothing and other light te~tile i·tems, and initial and repl.acement issue end items. Other required supply support is provided by elements of the army-wide ·services and other units (e.g., ammun1tion is provided by the supporting ammunition company of the ammuni,tion brigade; medical items are provided by the supporting medical facility of the medical brigade; cryptographic i.tems are provided by the headquarters and headquarters company of the general support group; and air delivery items are provided by a quartermaster air delivery company). Also falling within the spectrum of direct support provided by the supply and service battalion •are graves regiss.tration, Iaundry and bath services, emergency clothing impregnation, and decontamination of vital areas. The direct support maintenance battalion, in addition to providing repair parts support, provides direct support maintenance, technical assistance, and evacua.tion support, and assists in the performance of organizational maintenance when such maintenance exceeds the workload capacity of the aviation company. FM 1-15 discusses the relationship between nondivisional aviation units and direct 
support elements of F ASCOM. Maintenance support in the field army area is discussed in detail in FM 29-22 and FM 55-45; ammunition support is detailed in FM 9-6; supply and services support is covered in FM 29-3. 
AGO 6992A 

FM 1-5 
Section Ill. ORGANIZATIONAL MAINTENANCE 
5-8. 	General 
Orgenizational maintenance is primarily preventive maintenance to discover and correct potential mechanical failures before they occur. This category of maintenance is performed on company aircraft and vehicles by crew chiefs or flight engineers, drivers, and personnel of the company maintenance platoon. The service plaJtoon stocks aircraft repair parts. and related supplies, independent of normal company supply activitiEs. Organic equipment forms and records· are maintained by crew chiefs or flight engineern, drivers, and maintenance personnel in accordance with the provisions of TM 38
750. 

5-9. 	Nondivisional Aviation Company Maintenance Support 
The direct support maintenance battalion of the support brigade performs organizational aircraft and vehicular maintenance beyond the capacilty of personnel assigned to the nondivisional aviation company. Elements of this battalion also will provide assistance in performance of organizational maintenance on the type items they support when such maintenance is beyond the capacity of organiza,tional maintenance personnel (FM 29-22) . 

5-10. 	Divisional Aviation Company Maintenance Support 
The division support command's maintenance bat<talion is responsible for performing direct support maintenance of aircraft and vehicles of the divisional aviation company. Elements of the battalion also p11ovide assistance in performance of organizational maintenance on the type of itEms they support when such maintenance is beyond the capacity of the organizational maintenance personnel (FM 9-30). 
AGO 6992A 	5-3 


FM 1-5 
CHAPTER 6 
EMPLOYMENT 
Section I. GENERAL 
evacuation within the Army combat zone to
6-1. Introduction 
include battlefi·eld pickup of casualties (except
The aviation company is employed to support those from an airhead or ,airborne objectiveinternal Army requirements in the conduct of area which is suppor.ted by Air Force airground operations. J,ts use does not duplicate landed, logistical support), air transport tothose functions assigned to the U.S. Air Force. initial poin.t of treatment ·and any subsequentSpecific functions envisioned as appropriaJte 
moves to hospital facilities within the Armytasks for Army aviation undts are listed below. 
combat zone. 
a. Command, Liaison, Courier, and Communie. Aerial Fire Support. This task envisionscations. Thi·s includes aerial wire-laying and 
the delivery of discrete, selective organic firesaviation to assist •in the direction, coordination, 
to augment conventional artillery and close airand control of Army forces in the field. fire support when required. 
b. Observation, Visual and Photographic Reconnaissance, Fire Adiustment, and Topo6-2. Operational Planning graphical Survey. This includes aerial observaa. A representative from the aviation com
tion to amplify and supplement other Army pany should assist the supported unit in demethods of observation for the purpose of veloping ;the aviation portion of the groundlocating, verify.ing and evaluating . t.arge.ts, tactical plan. He provid€s technical adviceadjusting fire, terrain study, or obta1mng .mregarding the aviation unit's aircraft capabiliformation on enemy forces, complementmg 
ties formations to be used if multiple aircraft
that obtained by adr reconnaissance agencies of are 'to be used, routes of flight which will best
the other services; .this includes limited aerial support the opemtion, a.nd limitations imposedphotography incident to these purposes. by weather or terrain. 
c. Airlift of Army Personnel and Materiel. b. The company should develop accurateTrans:portation of Army supplies., equipment, experience da,ta applicable to its own opempersonnel, and small units within the AIT?Y tions. This data, in addition to that containedcombat zone in the course of combat and logisin FM 101-10 as regards flying hours, maintical operation. This includes the movement of tenance requirements and availability, is useful
small units to execute small-scale, air landed as a basis for initial planning.
operations, the movement of rese~ves, an~ t~e c. Specific factors that must be considered
shifting or relocation of small umts and mdlviduals within the combat zone as the situation in planning includemay dictate. It includes expeditious movement (1) Mission. Army aviation support must of cri,tically needed supplies or equipment, or be integrater1 'into the scheme of manboth within the combat zone, supplementing euver and fire support plan of the supthe 'ground transportation system operating ported units. within the field army. It does not include the (2) Enemy. The location, disposition, and execution of joint airborne operations. capabi1ities of the enemy-especially air defense units-must be considered.
d. Aeromedical Evacuation. Aeromedical 
AGO 6992A 6-1 
FM 	1-5 
(3) 	
Weather. Low ceilings and limited visibility restrict air and ground opemtions. Conversely, these eonditions may assis1t in concealing aviation operations from enemy view. 

(4) 	
Terrain. Terrain influences selection of routes, naV'igation aids, communic~ations means, and landing zones. 

(5) 	
Availability of aircraft. The number of aircraf.t .available may influence the commander's decisions regarding objectives, fire support, and tactics used. 

(6) 	
Vutnerability. Vulnerability of Army airooaft may be reduced by taking advantage of the principles of surprise, maneuver, and security. Supporting fires delivered by conventional artillery, tactical air, and armed helicopter escort also aid in reducing aircraft vulnerabiHty. 

(7) 	
Logistical support. The length and character of an operation determine the amount of logistieal support required. Fuel, ammunition, and maintenance are primary considerations. 

(8) 	
Coordination and control. Minute coordination with supporting fires, tactical aJir, and ground units is mandatory. Coordination must allow for flexibility and minimum restrictions should be placed upon the operation. 



6-3. Aircraft Categories 
Aircraft are assigned to the aviation company in accordance with the TOE of each type unit. Aircraft assigned to aviation companies are categorized as-

Sedion II. 
6-4. Principles 

In the employment of Army aviation, three principles to be constantly practiced are immediate availability, freedom of utilization, and economy of utilization. 
a. Immedi31te availability is achieved by the assignment of aviation units down to brigade 
a. 
Observation. Observation aircraftt are used to perform observa-tion, reoonnaisSiance, artillery fire adjustment, as well as command, liaJison, and communication missions authorized by AR 95-100. 

b. 
Surveillance. Survemance aircraft are used to perform systematic observation for intelligence purposes by use of visual, electronic, 


or photographic means ( app. E). 
c. Utility/Tactical Transport Aircraft. Aircraft in this category are used for· a variety of tasks including
(!) 	Air delivery of troops and equipment in the combat zone. 
(2) 	Aeromedical evacuation and air movement of patients. 
(.3) 	Emergency resupply operations. 
(4) 	Aeria;l command post. 
(,5) 	When appropriately armed, armed escort of aircraft carrying troops, suppresive fire during .airmobile operations and reconnaissance missions. 

d. 
Medium Transport Aircraft. These aircraft are used primarily for air movement of troops and equipmelllt in the combat zone and for the movement of supplies from rear area supply poilllts. 

e. 
Heavy Lift Aircraft. Heavy lift aircraft are used primarily for the recovery of downed aircraft and other battlefield evacuation, airlift of tactical vehicles across terrain obstacles including inland waterways, moving palletized loads from ship to shore, and for other tasks requiring a heavy lift capability. 



EMPLOYMENT 
level, plus the flexibility of organization inherent to all aviation uni1ts. This flexibility allows the decentrali21ation of ,aviation elements for combat operations with the units which they are designed to support. 
b. To garl.n freedom of utilization, the commander normally is given operational control 
6-2 	AGO 6992A 

FM 1-5 
of the avfation unit supporting his efforts. ever, unless limited by one or more of the fore
going or similar qualifications, attachment imAttachments are made below division level only plies full responsibility for the unit's supply,when required by the mission. 
admini.stration, tr.aining, and operations. At
c. Although the field army has a large amount taching one unit to another gives the gainingof aviation support, there is never enough to commander maximum control of the attachedsatisfy all justifi·able demands. Aircraft should unit, but it also imposes a heavy logistical andnot be used when surface means are equally 
administrative burden. ln most instances,effective. Therefor.e, economy must be practiced attachment below brigade level adds a prohibi
and missions assigned on a priority basis. tive burden. Battalion size units normally areProper coordination and control will insure the not capable of supporting aviation units logismost effective useof Army aviation. 
tically; also, the small staffs at this level lack the personnel to provide detailed planning an'd6-5. Command Relationships coordination necessary to employ larger aviaMilitary operations require that certain tion units in airmobile operations. In armored units, or their elements, be placed in support uni:ts an exception is necessary at times. Armor of other units. The flexibility required for this missions of deep penetrations, exploitation, and supporting role demands a common understandpursuit may require that divisional aviation be ing of the relationship of one unit to another. attached at battalion level. Such operations Although basically .simple rin meaning, these may prevent the parent aviation unit from fur
terms when loosely used have often created nishing adequate support because of distances confusion .and misunderstanding between cominvolved and speed of the operation. If the manders. This has resulted in critical loss of degree of control offered by attachment is time, or, in extreme cases, has prevented actual necessary, but relief of the supported comdelivery of the required support. The following mander's planning and logistical tasks is definitions extracted from AR 320-5 will desired, logistical assistance can be provided clarify the degree · of .command and control for in the operations order, with attachment involved, .and the logistical and administrative to become effective at a time and date following responsibilities · implied by each of the four completion of the plan'ning phase: methods of .employment most commonly used. b. Operational Control. Those funcUons of Army aviation normally is employed by attachcommand involving the composition of subordiment, support, or operational control. nate forces, the assignment of tasks, the designation of objectives, and the authoritative d·irec
a. Attach (attachment). The placement of units or personnel in an organization where tion ·necessary to accomplish the mission. It does such placement is relatively temporary. Subject not include administration, discipline, ·internal to limi·tations iJ:pposed by the attachment order, organization, and unit training except when a the commander of the formation, unit, or subordinate commander reques,ts such ,assistorg1aniza:tion receiving the attachment will ance. A commander of a joint force exercises 
exercise the same degree of command and conlogistic coordination or control only rto the extent necessary to meet those logistical needs
trol thereover as he does over units and p~ons organic to his command. However, the responof the command essentiral to the success of his sibility for transfer and promotion of personmissrion, and to meet any request of .a subordinel normally will be retained by the parent nate commander for logistical support. Operaformation, unit, or organization. Attachment tional control tis possri-bly the most misused and binds .a unit or a detachment temporarily to a least understood term denoting command relacommand other than its assigned command. A tionship. It gives the gaining commander the uni,t or part of a unit may be detached from authority to tailor or group forces and to posiits prurent command and attached to another tion subordinate unrits as he deems necessary. unit or command for rations, quarters, supply, I.t also provides him the command authority to administration, training, operations, etc. How-direct the efforts of these units. It should be 
AGO 6992A 6-3 
FM 	1-5 
understood that openational control is a flexible term with far reaching ;impiications. This method of control could become quite burdensome or it could free the gaining commander of all administrative or logistical requirements, depending upon the needs of the supporting units. 
(1) Many units, through SOP's, will prescribe their own interpretation of command relationships by adding certain qualificatiO'ns to fit command desires and needs. Although this practice may be justified among organic units, to benefit from the intent of providing flexible methods where nonorganic units are involved, the supported and supporting units alike must have a mutual understanding of employment terminology. Operational control normally is delegated only to those individuals within a specific technical, administrative, or combat support bra:nch, that have the capability, both professdonally and technically, of assuming this responsibility. For example, the division transportation officer normally is not given operational control of nondivisional engineer units in the commanld. However, it is acceptable for the aviation officer at each level of command to be given operational control over assigned or attached aviation units since he is the best qualified individual in 
the organization to exercise authority over the aviation effort of the command. 
(2) 	With full cdnsideratian of the operational need and problems involved, it is acceptable for nondivisional aviation to be employed under operational control of combat and combat support untts below division level, with control becoming effective at the beginning of the execution phase of an operation. This relieves the supported commander of time-consuming planning, logistical burdens, and administrative 
problems, and provides for the passage of cantrol at the latest possible 
moment. Discretion should be used in delegating operational control to subordinates, and should be based upon the degree of control required and the ability of the gaining unit to effectively exercise this authority. 
c. Support. The action of a force which aids, protects, cornplernents, or sustains another force in accordance 1uith a directive -requiring such action. A unit which helps a:nother unit in battle. Aviation, artillery, or naval gunfire may be used as a support for infantry. 
(1) D'irect support. A rnission requiring a force to support another spec-ific force and authorizinu it to answer directly the supported force's request for assistance. The supporting unit commander responds directly to the desires of the supported unit commander. When direct support is delegated by higher headquarters to a unit of a subordinate command, the parent unit commander of the unit in support does not have the authority to change or revise the mission or to alter the force structure. This support role provides a direct mission request channel between units, with the supporting unit retaining certain pre
rogatives. Where aviation units are involved, the aviation unit commander is the final authority on technical and flight aspects of the operational aircraft capabilities, weather contingencies, and suitability of flight routes and landing areas. This authority does not extend to the employment and utilization of supported troops a'nd equipment, or determination of the military worth and tactical soundness of the support being requested. The supported unit commander does not have the authority to position or tailor the supporting aviation unit. Preparation of plans and orders for the aviation portion of an operation, as well as establishi'ng liaison between units, is the responsibility of the supporting aviation unit commander. Command, 
AGO 6992A 
FM 1-5 
logistical, and administrative responpriorities on missiOn requests from sibilities remain with the parent orsupported units, and positions the unit ganization of the unit i'n support. The as necessary to accomplish the support distance involved between the unit and requirement. Liaison with supported its parent organization, existence of units is not required unless specified definite lines of communications and by higher headquarters. Command, supply, and the speed of maneuver of logistical, and admi•nistrative responthe supported force, must be consibility rests with the parent organisidered in assigning a direct support zation or next higher headquarters. mission to a subordinate. The comman1ders involved must rely heavily on cooperation between units
(2) General support. That support which 
for complete success under this rela
is given the supported force as a whole 
tionship. A general support; mission is
and not to any pa·rticular subdivision 
usually specified when there is no
thereof. The parent organization of 
specific task to be performed at the
the unit in general support or the ne:x,t 
moment requiring aviation assistance
higher headquarters, whichever is 
of large proportions.
applicable, monitors and establishes 
Section Ill. AVIATION COMPANY ORGANIZATIONS 
plishment of his mission. Operational missions
6-6. General 
for the company are assigned by the brigadeThe TOE of each aviation company states the S3 through the flight operations element of the
mission of the unit and lists the personnel and 
company headquarters. Missions will be basedequipment authorized to enable the company to on priorities and guidance established by the
perform that mission. Some individual units 
brigade commander. As a matter of priority,are inherently similar to other units in mission the tactical support section is employed pri
and capability, differing principally in assignmarily for command and control purposes,ment (e.g., at corps or army). This section 
while the airlift section is used for the move
includes a discussion of representative aviation ment of troops and supplies in airmobile opera
units of company size which perform combat tions. The aero scout platoon will be employedand combat service support tasks primarily by 
to augment the reconnaissance an~ securityuse of aircraft. FM 1-105 discusses the tech
capability of the brigade armored cavalry
niques and procedures used by aviation units to troop.perform their missions. 
6-8. Corps Aviation Company, TOE 1-127
6-7. Aviation Company, SeparateInfantry Brigade, TOE 1-47 · a. Mission. To provide the corps headquarters and its subordinate elements with immedi
a. Mission. To provide aviation support for 
ately responsive aviation support.
the brigade headquarters, brigade support battalion, a:nd other brigade units which do b. Concept of Employment. The corps avianot include orga:nic aircraft, and to provide tion company normally will be employed as general support and reinforcement to the directed by the tactical aviation battalion brigade. commander. The tactical aviation battalion's instrumented airfield will be located in close
b. Concept of Employment. The organic air
proximity to the corps tactical operations cen
craft of the brigade aviation company will be 
ter. Adequate navigational and lighting equip
employed in the performance of those aviation tasks which the brigade commander consilders ment is available within the company to permit of greatest importance to the successful accom-the company to establish and operate the corps 
AGO 6992A 6-5 
FM 1-5 
instrumented airfield. When extended frontages ·airfield, the company commander will establishand multiple command posts preclude operation another company airfield and employ the comfrom the corps i~strumented airfield, the company i·n echelon. Each echelon should containpany comma:nder will eshblish another airfield a comman'd element and adequate numbers of
for the company and employ the company in personnel, equipment, and communications to
echelon. Each echelO'n should contain a compermit sustained operation apart from themand element, and ::>•dequate numbers of perremainder of the company. The army aviationsonnel, equipment, and communications to percompany is organized o·n the principle of groupmit sustained operation separate from the ing the aircraft by type and mission. The headremainder of the company. The corps aviation quarters and service elements of the company
company is organized on the principle of groupwill operate the battalion instrumented airfielding the aircraft t.y types and mission. The and, when feasible, all flight elements mayhea!dquarters and service elements of the comoperate from this airfield. However, the flightpany will operate the company instrumented elements of the company are organized toairfield and, when feasible, all flight elements permit decentralization of operations to satelshould operate from this airfield. However, lite landing areas when necessary. These elethe flight elements of the company are organments are authorized minimum communicaized to permit decentralization of operations tions to provide continuing company controlto satellite landing areas. Minimum communiunder 'decentralized conditions. With the excepcations are authorized to provide continuing tio·ns of aircraft maintenance and supply, thecompany control under decentralized condicompany receives· its administrative supporttions. With the exception of aircraft maintefrom the tactical aviation battalion. Echelonsnance and supply, the corps aviation company of aircraft maintena!nce beyond the capabilitiesreceives its administrative support from the of the company are provided by direct supporttactical aviation battalion. Echelons of maintransportation aircraft maintenance unit. Suptenance beyond the capabilities of the company ply of aircraft parts, components, expe'ndables,are provi'ded by direct support transportation and evacuation of nonflyable aircraft is theaircraft maintenance units. Supply of aircraft responsibility of the supporting aircraft mainparts, components, exp€'ndables, and evacuation tenance units.of nonflyable aircraft is the responsibility ofthe supporting aircraft maintenance units. 6-10. General Support Aviation Company,Aviation Group, Airmobile Division,6-9. Army Aviation Company, TOE 1-137 TOE 1-102T (Tentative) 
. a. Mission. To provide the army headquara. Mission. To provide aviation support for ters and units subordinate to army headquarthe division headquarters, aviation group headquarters, support command, and other units
ters with immEdiately available and responsive
aviation support. without organic aircraft. To furnish surveil

lance and acquire combat intelligence and
b. Concept of Employment. The army aviatarget information for the airmobile division.tion company normally will be employed from. 
b. Concept of Employment. The aviation
the company instrumented airfield as directed 
general support company is employed as
by the tactical aviation battalion commander. 
directed by the aviation battalion commander.
The company instrumented airfield will be lo
The company is responsible for operating two
cate'd in close proximity to the army tactical 
airfie~ds. A•n instrumented fixed wing airfield is
operations center. Adequate navigational a'nd 
maintained in division rear, while a division
lighting equipment is available within the com
t:ase heliport is maintained in close proximity
pany to permit the company to establish and 
to the division command post. The compa:ny
operate and instrumented airfield. When ex:
cbntains the personnel and equipment necessary
tended frontages and multiple command posts 
to provide continuous and responsive aviationpreclude operatiO'n from the instrumented support to the division. It performs its own 
6-6 AGO 6992A 
organizational maintenance, and provi1des its own supply and communications, but depends upon the division administration company for persdnnel administration. Organization of the sections within the company provides flexible employment to meet operational requirements. The support platoon provides, on a mission type basis, aviation support for units of the division without organic aircraft. Aircraft of the platoon are equipped with Jismountable weapons kits for limited employment to augment other aerial weapons organic to the division. The utility platoon provides aviation support to the division commander and his staff. Its employment is similar to that of the support platoon, but aircraft of the utility platoon possess a greater lift capability than those of the support platoon. Appen'dix E discusses the employment of the company's surveillance platoon. 
6--11. 	Airmobile Company (Light), Aviation Battalion, Infantry Division, or Airmobile Company (Light) (Separate), TOE 1-77 (Airborne Division), TOE 1-57 
a. 
Miss·ion. To provide tactical air movement of combat supplies and equipment within combat zones. 

b. 
Concept of Employment. The airmobile company (light) is most effective when used as a unit, but can be fragmented if necessary. A platoon or section can operate detached from its parent unit for an extended period with assistance from it parent or supported unit. The efforts of the other sections in the company are directed toward support of the airlift platoons. The company operates from its own dispersal or assembly area in the division rear area within the perimeter of one of the tactical units of the division reserve. It is habitually employed in support of the division in forwa~d areas of the combat zone. Prepared landing areas are not required for its operations. 


6--12. Assault Support Helicopter Company, Assault Support Helicopter Battalion, Airmobile Division, TOE 1-167T (Tentative) 
a. Mission. To provide tactical mobility for 
AGO 6992A 
FM 1-5 
combat troops, supplies, a:nd equipment of the division during the conduct of combat and ail~mobile operations. 
b. CorwezJt of Employment. The assault support helicopter company is organized to provide an airlift capability to the combat units at corps. The compa•ny is employed as directed by the airmobile battalion commander. The assault support helicopter company is most effective when used as a unit, but it can be fragmented if necessary. A section or:'fllatoon can operate independently for an exWnded period with ass.istance from its parent or supported units. The efforts of the other sections in the company are direct€d toward support of the assault support helicopter platoons. The company operates from its own satellite landing areas, and is habitually employed in support of the combat units in forward areas of the combat zone. No prepared heliports or landing areas are required for its opreations. 

6--13. 	Assault Helicopter Company, Assault Helicopter Battalion, Airmobile Division, TOE 1-158T (Tenfative) 
a. 
Mission. To provide tactical mobility for combat troops, supplies, an'd equipment of the division during the conduct of airmobile operations. 

b. 
Concept of Employment. The assault helicopter company normally is employed in direct support of an infantry battalion, and as a part of the assault helicopter battalion operations. However, the assault helicopter companies have their own suppo11t and are capable of being employed for extended periods of time as separate companies. The platoo·ns are capable of independent missions but depend on the company for support. 



6-14. 	Aerial Weapons Company, Assault Helicopter Battalion, Airrnobile Division, TOE 1-157T (Tentative) 
a. Mission. To provide security for airmobile forces and to participate in offensive, defensive, an'd delaying actions as part of a highly mobile combined arms team. 
b. Concept of Enl-ployrnf'nt. The company is a 
6-7 

FM 	1-5 
self-contained unit, capable of independent operation, and habitually operates from its own dispersal or ~ssembly area. Equipment is lightweight, and only absolutely essential items are authorized. With the exceptic:m of %-ton and 2112-ton trucks, all equipment is air transportable by helicopters of the assigned assault helicopter companies. During movements, additional ground vehicles and/or aircraft are required to transport the company. When on the ground, telephone is the normal means of communicatiO'ns among all elements of the company. Single side band (SSB) an!d high frequency (HF) voice radio is used for communications with higher headquarters, flight operations center, liaison officers, supported units, and distant in-flight elements of the battalion. Frequency modulated (FM) and ultra high frequency (UHF) voice radio provides communication with relatively near inflight element. The company is organized and equipped to operate as a unit; however, platoon size teams may be tailored to accomplish a given mission. Its normal role will be that of providing security for airmobile forces !during the conduct of airmobile operations. However, the company can be employed independently to attack enemy-held positions, and as a part of a highly mobile combined arms team in offensive, defensive, and delaying actions. Whe>n a mission does not require the entire company, only those elements essential for successful accomplishment of the mission are committed. 

6-1 5. Aerial Artillery Battery, Field Artillery Battalion, Aerial Artillery, Airmobile Division, TOE 6-727T (Tentative) 
a. 
Mission. To provide aerially mounted rocket direct fire support and to furnish its portion of the battalion communications system. 

b. 
Concept of Employment. The organic aircraft of the division artillery aviation section will be employed in the performance of those aviation tasks which the division artillery comman!der deems of greatest importance to the successful accomplishment of his mission. Operational missions for the section are assigned 


by the division artillery aviation officer based on priorities and guidance established by the commander. 
(1) 	
To maximize the effect of the available aviation support, the division artillery aviation officer is required to exercise close and continuous coordination with the division artillery S2 and S3, the artillery battalion commanders, and the Army aviation element in the division tactical operations center. When the division artillery aviation section cannot provide the !division artillery with the required aviation support, the division artillery aviation officer requests additional support through the Army aviation element in the division tactical operations center. 

(2) 	
To provide maximum aviation support, the division artillery aviation section normally will be employed from .the vicinity of the division artillery fire direction center. Portions of the section may be attached, placed under operational control of, or placed in support of organic artillery battal~ons. Combat losses of aircraft and aviators may be temporarily replaced from the divisio'n aviation battalion. Replacement of traine'<i aerial observers is the responsibility of division artillery; therefore, the division artillery aviation section must train sufficient aerial observers in accordance with AR 95-51. This training is included in the unit training of the division artillery aviation section. 



6-16. Air Cavalry Troop 
a. Representative Units. Representative units which perform air cavalry missions are
(1) 	
Air cavalry troop, armored cavalry regiment, TOE 17-58. 

(2) 	
Air cavalry troop, armored cavalry squadron, armored division, infantry division, or infantry division (mechanized), TOE 17-108. 

(3) 	
Separate air cavalry troop, TOE 17408T (Tentative). 


6-8 	AGO 6992A 

FM 1-5 
b. M·iss'ion. To extend, by aerial means, the platoon consists of a platoon headquarters, an reconnaissance and security capabilities of air ambulance section, a:n'd a crash rescue sec
parent or supported units and to engage in tion. The air ambulance platoon provides offensive, 'defensive, or delaying actions. Within division-wide aeromedical evacuation; air crash its capability, to seize and dominate lightly rescue; in-flight treatment of patients; and defended areas or terrain features. aerial ·delivery of whole blood biologicals, medical supplies, and medical personnel.
c. Concept of Employment. Successful employment of the air cavalry troop is based upon 
6-18. Medical Air Ambulance Company,
effective use of its characteristics and capabili
TOE 8-137
ties and an understanding of its limitations. 
The air cavalry troop may be employed on a. Mission. To provide aeromedical evacua
va11ious types of tactical missions; however, its tion of selected patients. To provide emergency 
primary purpose is to extend the reconnaismovement of medical personnel, and accom

sance and security capabilities of the parent or panying equipment a:nd supplies to meet a criti
supported unit. It may also be employed on cal requirement. 
independent missions if required. The troop b. Concept of Employment.
shoul'd be employed in close conjunction with 

(1) Aerome!dical evacuation within theground units so that the capabilities of ground combat zone is provided by AMEDSand air elements will complement each other. 
units which operate under the overallThe air cavalry troop is a combat force with supervision of the field army surgeon.
combat elements mounted completely in organic Normally, direct command of theseaircraft. The unit combines the characteristics units is exercised by the medicalof tactical three-dimensional mobility and brigade headquarters of the field armyhighly destructive aerial firepower. The troop support command.
operates largely in the ground environment (a) Support for forces of corps size or(nap-of-the-earth), which is the airspace larger is furnished by medical airextending from the ground to a few feet above ambulance companies, augmentedthe immediate terrain, but generally below the as required by helicopter ambulancelevel of the surrounding terrai'n formations. 
medical 'detachments. To insureThis provides a relatively high degree of promaximum flexibility and control,tection from enemy ground and air action. 
these units normally are assignedAircraft are armed with antipersonnel, antian area support mission. This doesmateriel, area, and point fire weapons for not preclude the initial assignment!destruction a:nd suppression of enemy forces. 
in a particular operation of a direct support mission (e.g., support of a
6-17. Headquarters and Support Company, 
specific division) to a subordinate 
Medical Battalion, Airmobile Division, 
platoon of the company or to a de
TOE 8-26T (Tentative) 
tachment.
a. Mission. To provide command, control, (b) Support of forces of brigade oradministration, and logistical support of the division size which operate indemedical battalion and planning for its employpendently may be provided by ament. To provide division level medical service 
helicopter ambulance medical deand undt level medical service as required, on tachment or section thereof. Thean area basis, to ·divisional units operating in 
'detachment normally operates unthe division base area. der direct control of the surgeon of 
b. Concept of Employment. All aircraft orthe independent force. If the force ganic to the medical battalion are located in operates at an extended distance the air ambulance platoon of the headquarters from its support base, the attached and support company. The air ambulance air ambulance unit normally per-
AGO 6992A 6-9 
FM 	1-5 
forms intraforce evacuation missions only. This creates an additional requirement for aeromedical evacuation out of the area by the next higher level of medical service. 
(2) 	Air movement of routine, •nonemergency category patients is performed as a secondary missiO'n of AMEDS air ambulance units. Also, upon request of the responsible surgeon, such movement may be performed as a contingent mission of a non-AMEDS unit with appropriate type aircraft. These wi1l be scheduled movements or movements of opportunity. 
(a) 	
Scheduled movements use backhaul capabilities of regular resupply or rei'nforcement sorties to transport patients who do not require in-flight medical treatment. These flights will be between points predesignated by the surgeon responsible for that segment of the evacuation system. 

(b) 	
Movements of opportunity are initiated by the medical officer in the forward facility when a requirement arises that can make use of a 


nonscheduled aircraft moving to the general area predesignated by the supporting surgeon for these patients. The medical officer must arrange for ambulance pickup of the patients at the destination airfield. 
(c) 	
Using the same non-AMEDS aircraft, augmenting aeromedical evacuation may be improvised to meet periods of peak requirements when normal means of aeromedical evacuation prove temporarily inadequate. 

(d) 	
AMEDS personnel and material are provided to furnish in-flight medical treatment to patients on those aircraft whose size and interior configuration permit medical personnel to work effectively. Under extreme emergency conditions, all available aircraft will be used to transport all classes of patients without mandatory provision for in-flight medical treatment. Regardless of the method use'd, the responsible surgeon designates the point of origin, the patients to be carried, and the destination point. 


AGO 6992A 
FM 1-5 
CHAPTER 7 
COMMUNICATIONS 

7-1. General 
a. 
The aviation company is provtded sufficient ground a:nd airborne communications equipment to communicate with elements of the company and with units of infantry, armor, mechanized, and airborne divisions being supported. In addition, this equipment may net with aviation elements of other services when required. Appendix B contains aviation company ra'dio and wire communicatidns diagrams. FM 1-15 discusses communications in the aviation battalion. 

b. 
The ability to communicate entails responsibility for maintaining communications security to avoid providing information to the enemy on activities of the company and supported units. Company SOP should include guidance for maintaining communications security in the use of all company ground and airborne communications means. 

c. 
The company commander is responsible for communications within the company and for company equipment functi<1ning in the next higher unit's communications system~ To assist him, the commander appoints an officer to serve as the company communications officer. 

d. 
The means of communications available to the aviation company are wire, radio, messenger, visual, and sound. The composition of the means in each aviation company is limited by the personnel, equipment, and transportation provided by the TOE or by higher headquarters. The various means have different capabilities and limitations. They are used to supplement each other, and entire dependence is not placed on any one means. The reliability of a communications system is greatly i·ncreased by the appropriate use of all available means. The means used most in a given situation is the one that provides maximum reliability, flexibility, 


security, and speed with a minimum of effort and materiel. 

7-2. Means of Communication 
The means of communication available to the aviation company are discussed below: 
a. Wire. Wire provi1des an important means of communications down to and within the operating elements of the company. It includes the use of field wire, wire-laying and recovery equipment, battery operated telephones, switchboards, teletypewriters, and associated equipment. Security is never assured when transmitting on wire in the clear. The decision to establish wire communications depends upon the need and the time available to install and use it. Switchboards increase the flexibility of wire systems and reduce the number of Ii·nes needed. Party lines expand the subscriber· capacity of the switchboard(s) in the company. Teletypewriter service is used primarily for communications regarding air traffic regulation and meteorological information. The volume and nature of this information are such that written form (hard copy) is required for dissemination to the multiple users within the com
pany. 
b. Radio. Voice radio is the primary means of communications used for air-to-air communications between aircraft and for air-to-ground communications with the aviation company, air traffic regulation facil.ities, and supported ground units. All aircraft are provided radios for air-to-a.i,r and air-to-ground voice communications. The company commander, platoon leaders, and some section leaders are provided vehicular-mounted radios for internal communications. Additional radios are provided for essential functional elements of the company such as .the operations platoon. Radio communi-
AGO 6992A 



FM 1-5 
caltions are less vulnerable to enemy fire than wire, but are subject to interference from static, jamming, and other radio stations. Radio communications are the least secure means of communications. It mus.t be assumed tha,t inter.ception takes place every time a radio transmitter is placed lin operation; therefore, appropriate security measures must be taken to avoid providing informaJtion to the enemy. Wire communications normally should be used when both wire and .fladio communications means are available. 

7-3. 	Communications Orders and Instructions 
The communications officer provides technical coordination and control of all communications employed by elements of the company. Signal operation instructions (SOl) or standing signal instructions (SSI) are primarily technical in nature. 
a. SOl. SOl are a series of orders issued for technical control and coordination of the signal communications activities of a comman'd. Each order of the series usually remains in effect for a short period of time until superseded by a new edition of the same order. In a division or separate brigade, instructions published in the SOl are prepared in such detail that it is not necessary for subordinate commanders to prepare SOl for their own use. When required, extracts from the SOl are prepared for company use. Each portion of the SOl is classified according to its content, as prescribed by AR 380-5. The assemble!d SOl is assigned the same classification as its most highly classified item. SOl contain information of particular value to the enemy; therefore, they should not be taken aloft or forward of th~ command post (aviation company operations). Compromise of any porticm of a:n SOl must be reported immediately so that portion of the SOl can be replaced. 
b. SSI. SSI contain instructions necessary for the operation of signal communications equipment, agencies, and means. Instructions for use of data i•n the SOl are contained in the SSI. Information in the SSI is not subject to 

·'frequent 	change. These instructions are required for the employment of signal communications throughout the issuing command. They include explanations of the various procedures to be followed when i'lldivi'dual items of the SOl are used. SSI and SOl items pertaining to the same subject will be assigned the same security classifications. 

7-4. 	Personnel and Equipment 
Divisional aviation companies are not organized with all communications personnel in one platoon or sectio•n. Some separate aviation companies, however, do have communications sections or platoons which contain all company communications personnel. TOE show the distribution of enlisted specialists and equipment provided to meet these requirements. 

7-5. 	Communications Security 
Communications security measures are designed to prevent or delay acquisition of information of military value from communications sources by unauthorized persons. The three elements of communications security are physical, cryptographic, a:nd transmission security. The maintenance of commu'llications security is a command function. All personnel, particularly those who transmit raJdio messages, must be cognizant of communications security. The commander establishes communications security measures by stating ge'lleral principles in the unit SOP; by announcing, prior to an operation, the extent to which security is to be practiced; and by making security checks during an operation. Messages that might compromise the plans, operations, or cryptographic systems of other units are never transmitted in the clear. 
7-2 	AGO 6992A 

FM 1-5 

CHAPTER 8 
TRAINING 

Section I. 
8-1. Introduction 
The company is the basic unit for aviation training. The broad training principles and policies to be followed by the company commander are set forth in AR 350-5. FM 21-5 contai•ns information on Army training programs, Army subject schedules, training circulars, Army training tests, training directives, and other publications used in training the company. FM 21-6 discusses the techniques of military instruction. The company commander conducts that part of the battalion or higher unit training program (FM 1-15) which applies to his unit, to inclu'<ie on the job training. Army service schools should be utilized to the maximum degree to train aircraft maintenance and other personnel. 


8-2. Objective of Training 
The objective of training conducted in the company is to provide a unit capable of performing its combat mission. Most of the personnel assigned to an aviation company have received prior training in Army service schools or similar activities. These individuals are trained in the company to further develop their skills and adapt those skills to requirements of the unit, to develop new skills, and to enable them to combine their skills with those of other indivi'<iuals to accomplish the mission of the company. 
8-3. Basic Concepts of Training 
The basic concepts of military training (FM 21-5) which apply to the training conducted by the Army aviation company include the following: 


GENERAL 
a. 
The company commander is responsible for training his unit. 

b. 
The applicatory system of training most effectively meets the needs of military training. 

c. 
Skills are acquired through supervised practice. 

d. 
T·raining progresses from basic to advanced subjects. 

e. 
Trai•ning progresses from individual to unit training. 



8-4. Instructor Selection and Training 
a. Instructor Selection. The company seldom will contain an adequate number of trained instructors. When a shortage exists, personnel must be selected and traine'd to perform as i•nstructors for each type of training, considering the special knowledge and experience requirements for each type of training. The two most important characteristics to consider in selecting instructor trainees are personality and previous experience, preferably including experience i•n required subjects and technique of mili
tary instruction. An individual who has performed a particular function over a long period of time is not necessarily a competent instructor in his specialty. FM 21-6 contains details on the selection of military instructors. 
b. Instructor Tra·ining. The success of the training program will depend largely upon the quality of the instruction presented by the instructor. One or more instructors may be sent to service schools for training. Refresher courses can be con'<iucted in the company for instructors requiri·ng such training. A curricu-
AGO 6992A 


FM 1-5 
!urn should be obtained or developed to cover curriculum a:nd used as a basis for the instrucall training to be conducted. An outline should tor training program. FM 21-6 contains details be prepared for each course included in the on instructor training. 

Section II. THE AVIATION COMPANY TRAINING PROGRAM 
8-5. 	General 
Training of the aviation company is a continuing process. This training normally is conducted in response to objectives and requirements origi•nating at higher command levels to bring the unit to the required level of operational proficiency an'd to maintain that level of proficiency. This makes it necessary to consider training replacements for skilled personnel who may be lost by future reassignments as well as increasing the abilities of personnel being traaned. Where individual training is required selected personnel may be sent to service schools or to specialist training courses. If this is not practicable, on the job training can be conducted in the company to produce the required individual skills. These skills must be adapted to the specific needs of the company through the company training program. 

8-6. 	Areas of Responsibility 
a. 
The company commander closely supervises all phases of the training program to lend his prestige to the program and to insure that it is conducted effectively. The commander an'd the executive officer must visit classes or other training situations to i·ndicate to instructors and students their interest in the training program. Outstanding trai•nees are recognized and lagging trainees are counseled to add further emphasis to the traini·ng program. 

b. 
The commander designates an individual to serve as the company training officer. The training officer develops and submits to the company comma•n1der a training plan which conforms to the battalion training plan and which meets training requirements of the company. The training plan should provide for optimum use of facilities for specialist training provided by higher headquarters. 



8-7. 	Areas in Which Training Must Be Conducted 
Most of the training conducted by the aviation company is unit traini·ng which emphasizes the training of indiv1duals to function as members of the company. All training should be conducted according to a definite schedule and program. Comprehensive records should be maintained to show what has been accomplished and what remains to be done. Areas in which personnel of the aviation company must be trained are as follows: 
a. 
Administration. The first sergeant normally is designated to supervise the traini·ng of administrative and clerical personnel assigned to the company headquarters. Although normal operations continue during the training period, this tra~ning is condu.cted according to a definite schedule, and records are maintained to show the progress made by each trai·nee. This training covers use of approved procedures for preparing records and reports and other duties of company administrative personnel. 

b. 
Supply. The supply sergeant is usually designated to conlduct the training of the company's supply personnel. This traini·ng is conducted concurrently with normal supply functions of the company. It includes instructions in, and the practical application of, procedures relati·ng to supply directives and regulations; supply records; property books; and the receipt, storage, and issue of supplies. 

c. 
Mess. The training officer, in coordination with the company mess officer, usually assigns responsibility to the mess steward for the conduct of most of the training of the company's mess personneL Although most of the cooks may have received school training, it may be necessary to conduct a refresher course or to conduct training in mess operations in varying operational si.tua.tions, e.g., from a kitchen truck or rail kitchen. A medical aidman may assist by conducting instruction in mess sanitation. Company field exercises offer ma.ny opportunities for the field training of mess personnel. 


d. Motor Pool. The company training officer, 
8-2 	AGO 6992A 

in coordination with the executive officer and the motor officer, designates the i·ndividual who is to conduct the training of motor pool personnel and indoctrinates that individual in his duties relative to the training program. This training may be div·ided .into several courses -often overlapping-covel"ing the duties of dispatchers, drivers, operators, and motor maintenance personnel. 
e. 
Communications. The chief of the communications section may be designated to conduct the training of the company's communications personnel. This training i·ncludes instruction and supervised practice in communications procedures, equipment operation and maintenance, and communications security. Field exercises provide opportU'nities for training in communications functions under varying conditions. 

f. 
Operations. The operations platoon sergeant may be designated to conduct training of personnel of the operations platoO'n hea!dquarters. Duties of these personnel include the preparation of flight plans and manifests, the maintenance of flight logs and individual flight records, and the issue of special equipment required for various flights. ConsideratiO'n should be given to the requirement for a 24-hour capability to perform this function, and training should be conducted to produce that capability. 

g. 
Aviator Personnel. Training of aviator personnel is supervised by the operations officer. This training i•ncludes that which is necessary to comply with regulations and directives, to maintain pilot proficiency in the types of aircraft in which each in'dividual is required to be qualified, to qualify individuals in new types of aircraft when needed, and to train aviator personnel in the application of procedures prescribed for flight clearances, communications, air traffic regulation, the use of electronic aids to navigation, and the conduct of aerial radiological surveys. Training is also given in survival, escape and evasion, and local flying safety a'Ilid rescue procedures. As quotas and other circumstances permit, selected personnel are scheduleid to attend service schools for further training as required. 

h. 
Ait·craft Maintenance. The aircraft repair technician and the maintenance platoon ser-


FM 1-5 
geant normally assist the maintenance officer in training aircraft maintenance personnel of the aviation company. In addition to trai•ning these individuals in the maintenance of aircraft currently assigned to the company, consideration must be given to training personnel to maintain new aircraft scheduled for future assignment to the company. This training may be augmented by service schools or specialist training facilities when available. 
1:. Airfield Service. The chief of the airfield service element normally is ,designated to conduct the trai'ning of airfield service personnel. This training covers aircraft fuel han'dling and the operation of refueling vehicles and equipment. It may include other functions such as the maintenance of airfield lighting devices. 
j. 
Driver. The motor sergeant conducts the company's driver training program. This program includes training in vehicle maintenance required of the driver or operator. Driver training beyond the capability of the motor sergeant usually is conducted at battalion level. 

k. 
Weccpons. Training in use of TOE weapons normally is performed by the best qualified individuals i·n accordance with the appropriate manual for each weapon. Facilities should be scheduled for use by the company for maintaining small arms qualifications as required by regulations or directives. 

l. 
Reconnaissance, Selection, and Occupation of Ah·field and Bivouac Area. Training i•n reconnaissance, selection, and occupation of the airfield and bivouac area provides a realistic opportunity for the aviation company to put into actual practice, on a unit basis, many of the skills which have been developed duri•ng training in other subjects. All personnel of the company participate in this operation. They should be required to demonstrate their abilities to perform their individual skills within the unit. Areas which indicate a need for corrective action can provide the basis for future traini·ng of company elements. 


m. CBR and Nuclear Defense Train'ing. 
Training for defense in these areas normally is conducted by school trained CBR personnel appointed by the company commander as an additional duty. 
AGO 6992A 

FM 1-5 
AR 15-6 
AR 15-76 AR 55-10 
AR 95-series AR 220-58 
AR 310-1 AR 310-3 AR 320-5 AR 320-50 AR 350-1 AR 350-5 AR 380-5 AR 385-10 AR 385-40 AR 600-105 AR 600-106 AR 600-107 
AR 711-17 
AR 735-35 
AR 750-5 
AR 750-8 
SR 95-50-1 
DA PAM 95-5 
DA PAM 95-9 
DA PAM 108-1 
DA PAM 310-series DA PAM 750-1 FM 1-15 FM 1-60 FM 1-100 FM 1-105 FM 3-10 FM 3-12 
APPENDIX A 
REFERENCES 
Procedures for Investigating Officers and Boards of Officers CO'nducting Investigations. 
United States Army Board for Aviation Accident Research. 
Military Standard Transportation and Movement Procedure (MILSTAMP). Army Aviation. Organizatian and Trai·ning for Chemical, Biological, and Radiological Operations. 
Military Publications-General Policies. 
Publications-Preparation, Coordination, and Approval. 
Dictionary of United States Army Terms. 
Authorized Abbreviations and Brevity Codes. Army Training. 
Military Education a'nd Service Schools. 
Safeguarding Defense Information. 
Army Safety Program. 
Acci'dent Reporting and Records. 
Army Aviation Officer Career Program. 
Aeronautical Designations and Flying Status for Army Personnel. 
Medical Restrictions from Flight Duty, Suspensions, Flying Evaluation Boards, and Flight Status Review System. UtilizatiO'n and Processing of DA Forms 2765 and 2765-1, Request for Issue or Turn In (Punched Card Series). Supply Procedures for TOE Units, Organizations, and non-TOE Activities. Organization, Policies, amd Responsibilities for Maintenance Operators. Command Maintenance Management Inspections. Procedures for Aircraft Crash Firefighting and Rescue. 
Aviation Safety Poster. 
U.S. Army Aviation Accident Prevention Pamphlet. 
Index of Army Motion Pictures, Filmstrips, Slides, Tapes, and Phono-

Recordings. Military Publications In'<iexes. Preventive Maintenance Gutde for Commanders. Aviation Battalion. Army Aviation Air Traffic Operations-Tactical. Army Aviation. Army Aviation Techniques and Procedures. Employment of Chemical a'nd Biological Agents. Operational Aspects of Radiological Defense. 
AGO 6992A A-1 

FM 1-5 
FM 8-15 
FM 9-30 
FM 10-50 
FM 21-5 
FM 21-6 
FM 21-40 
FM 21-41 
FM 21-48 
FM 21-60 
FM 21-76 
FM 21-77 FM 29-3 FM 29-22 FM 30-5 FM 30-20 
FM 31-16 
FM 31-20 
FM 31-21 
FM 31-22 
FM 31-73 
FM 54-2 
FM 54-3 FM 54-4 FM 55-35 FM 55-45 FM 57-35 FM 57-38 FM 61-100 FM 100-5 FM 101-5 FM 101-40 
TM 3-210 TM 5-330 
TM 10-1101 TM 38-750 TM 55-601 TM 57-210 
Division Medical Service, Infantry, Airborne, Mechanized, and Armored Division. 
Maintenance Battalion, Division Support Command. 
Supply and Transport Battalion, Division Support Command. 
Military Training Management. Techniques of Military Instruction. 
Small Unit Procedures in Chemical, Biological, and Radiological (CBR) Operations. Soldier's Handbook for Chemical and Biological Operations, an'd Nuclear Warfare. Chemical, Biological, and Radiological ( CBR) Nuclear Defense Training Exercises. Visual Signals. Survival. Evasion and Escape. Direct Support Supply and Service in the Field Army. Maintenance Operations in the Field Army. Combat Intelligence. Aerial Surveillance--Reconnaissance, Field Army. Counterguerrilla Operations. Special Forces Operational Techniques. Special Forces Operations. 
U.S. Army Counterinsurgency Forces. 
Advisor Handbook for Counterinsurgency. 
The Division Support Command. 
The Field Army Support Command. 
The Support Brigade. 
Motor Transportation Operations and Motor Transport Units. 
Aircraft Mai•ntenance Services and Units in the Field Army. 
Airmobile Operations. 
Pathfin'<ler Operations. 
The Division. 
Field Service Regulations-Operations. 
Staff Officers' Field Manual; Staff Organization and Procedure. 
Armed Forces Doctrine for Chemical and Biological Weapons Employ

ment and Defense. Fallout Prediction. Planning, Site Selection, and Design of Roads, Airfields, and Heliports in 
the Theater of Operations. Petroleum Handling Equipment and Operations. Army Equipment Records Procedures. Troop Movement Guide. Air Movement of Troops and Equipment. 
AGO 6992A 
FM 1-5 
APPENDIX B AVIATION COMPANY COMMUNICATIONS DIAGRAMS 
AGO 6992A 
BDE COMO NET FM
~ i 
-
J,. 
BDE COMO NET FM 
COMD/OP NET FM VOICE 
AERO SCT PLAT 
8 
AFLD SVC
ENTER NET AS REQUIRED 
~-----------------------------;-----SEC 
> 
c;'l 
<D 
"' 
~ 
> Figure B-1. 
BDE WARNING BCST NET 
AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL NET 
BDE COMO NET FM 
BDE RATT NET 
Type radio net, aviation company, separate brigade (TOE 1-47E). 

> BN COMO NET "' 
~ "' 
> 
AIR LIFT PLAT(3)  
xo  
COMO/OP  NET FM VOICE  
WARNING  BCST NET  
AFLO  SVC  
AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL NET  
BN  COMO NET FM  

Figure B-2. Type radio net, .airmobile'compnny, aviation 
-
J,.
~ battalion, airborne division (TOE 1-57E). 
REGT COMD
t i 
NET FM 
-
Jn 
REGT LOG 
NET FM 

COMD/OP NET FM VOICE 
I 
I 

~---~ 
I I 
GS PLAT I 

WARNING AFLD SVC
BCST NET 
CBT 


~TRACKING & PLOTTING(2l. 
·-·~-· 
COMD/QP NET FM 
-------COMD/OP NET AM 

AERIAL SURVL PLAT WARNING BCST NET

--.-.-. -AERIAL SURVL PLAT COMD NET FM 
>
Cl 
0 
0> 
"' Figure B-3. Type radio net, aviation company,
"' 
"' 
> armored cavalry regiment (TOE 1-67D). 


>  
~  
"'  
"'  
~  
>  PLAT  COMO  
NET  FM  
BN  COMO NET  
COMO/OP  NET  FM  VOICE  

WARNING  
BCST NET  
AFLO  SVC  
CRASH  RESCUE  
ATC NET  

BN COMO NET 
"'1'1 
~ 
'r Figure B-.t.. Type radio net, airmobile company, aviation battalion, infant?·y, -I 
Ul
Ul at·mored, and infantty (mechanized) divisions (TOE 1-77E). 
i-I 
I 

>
c;'l 
"' 0...
«>
>"" 
CO COMD NET FM 
TRANS PLAT(2) 
COMD/OP NET FM VOICE 
ATC NET 
oo WARNING VRC-24 BCST NETVRC-47 
I!NCS) I 
CRASH RESCUE AM NET 
Figure B-5. Type radio net, aviation fixed wing
transport company, field army (TOE 1-107T). 

>
c:l 
0 
"' 
i 
> 
-----------------,I  
I  
I  
I  
I  
I  
I  
co  I  
I  
I  
OP  0  OR  LN  
CRASH  TRUCK  
COMM SEC  
·'· ·"~-·  
COMPANY  COMMAND  NET  FM  

--·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·
MPQ:29 
DATA LINK 
REMOTE CONTROL 

* MAY BE ARC-73 WHEN VHF REQUIRED. 
~ 
FROM HI
·-·-·-·-%. 
i§i
i§~·
i§!
i§!
~I 
~t·
i§i
i§i
i§i
i§r·
i§l

i§i
i§i
~ 
~ KAUAK INIYK ltAM I HIGHER HEADQUARTERS 
NOTE: VRC-46 IS ISSUED AS PART OF TAQ·I AND TKQ·l 
-
Figure B-6. Type radio net, aerial surveillancet company (TOE 1-128T). 
"' 
I 

c::l> 
.."' 
0 
> 
-i
CRASH 
RESCUE
' J,. 
CO COMO NET FM VOICE 
WARNING BCST NET 
HIGHER HQ COMO NET FM 
FIXED WING PLAT APPROACH CON SEC 
HIGHER HQS APPROACH CONTROLRATT /AM NET AIR TRAFFIC FLT OP CENCONTROL TEHMINAL 
CRASH RESCUE~ AIR TRAFFIC 
EN ROUTE 
Figure B-7. Type radio net, co1·ps aviation company (TOE 1-127D)and army aviation company (TOE 1-137D). 
;... 8 "'.. ~  BN  COMO  NET  FM  
HEL OR ACFT PLAT(2)  CO COMO  NET FM  SVC PLAT  
AIR  TRAFFIC  CONTROL  AFLO SVC SEC  
% + 2¥2  
COMM  SEC  WARNING  BCST NET  

Figure B-8. Type radio net, aviation company, fixed wing (TOE 1-257F), t and aviation co.mpany, medium helicopter (TOE l-258F). J,. 
-0 f 
Cl> 
0>
..> 0 "' 

GROUP COMO NET FM 
GROUP COMO NET FM 
CO COMP NET FM 
.. 
TO SFO COMM SEC 
RATT NET 
AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL 
Figure B-9. Type radio net, aviation company, airbornespecial forces gro~p (TOE 1-307E). 
CORPS ARTY
8 
COMO NET 
i
;.. 
BTRY COMO NET FM 
ASTA PLAT 
CORPS ARTY COMO NET TRACKING AND PLOTTING RADAR SEC(2) 
WARNINGAIR TRAFFIC 
APPROACH BCST NETCONTROL 
AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL 
ASTA-AERIAL SURVEILLANCE AND TARGET ACQUISITION ~ 
-
Figure B-10. Type radio net, aviation battery,
'r J,.
-corps artillery (TOE 6-517T).-

SQON COMO NET FM
-...,f 	,~
-
J,. 
MAINT SEC 
TRP COMO NET FM 
AERO SCT PLAT 	AERO WPN SEC AERO RIFLE PLAT
I PRC:-25 I PRC-25" 	I PR~·25 I
AERO SCT SEC(2) AERO RIFLE SQ0(4)
I PR~-25 I 	I I

PRC-25 AERO SCT SEC(HV)
I PR~-25 I 
WARNING BCST NET 
SQON COMO NET AM 
AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL
*NOT IN TOE 17-108E 
••AN/GRC-19 IN TOE 17-108E 
AN/GRC-106 IN TOE 17-78E 

SQON COM 0 NET FM>
Cl
0 	Figure B-11. Type radio net, air cavalry troop, armored cavalry squadron, airborne
"' 
~
> 	division (TOE 17-78E), and air cavalry troop, armored cavalry squadron,infantry, armored, and inifantry (mechanized) divisions (TOE 17-108E). 
co PLAT LOR 
xo PLAT LOR 
SB-22 
PLAT LOR
OP 
ACFT MAINT
SVC PLAT 
COMM MAINT
MTR SGT 
FROM BN 
Figure B-12. Type wire system, airmobile company. 
AGO 6992A B-13 
FM 1-5 
co 
ACFT PLAT 
1ST SGT ACFT SEC
SB-22 
OP OFF ACFT SEC 
AVN CON SEC ACFT PLAT 
SVC PLAT 
~---ACFT SEC 
AFLD SVC SEC 
L-----ACFT SEC
COMM SEC 
Figure B-13. Type wire system, aviation co.mpany, fixed wing (TOE 1-257F),and aviation company, medium helicopter (TOE 1-258F). 
1-14 
AGO 6992A 
FM l-5 
APPENDIX C 
INSPECTIONS 

{2) Although the company commander
C-1. General 
personally participates, he may emInspections are the means by which comploy an inspecting party to assist him.manders .'determine the state of operational The party usually includes principalreadiness of personnel and equipment assigned members of the unit and necessaryto a unit. They provide the company com
technical personnel. The specific commander with definite indications of deficiencies position of the party depends on the
requiring corrective,action. Subsequent inspectype and extent of rthe inspection to betions indicate the degree to ,which corrective 
conducted.
action has been effective, and reveal other deb. lnforrnal. The company commander conficiencies which may have come into existence. 
ducts informal inspections of the unit when he
This appendix discusses the inspection 	of an considers them necessary. An informal inspecaviation company by the company commander tion may be conducted at any opportune time orand by the battalion commander. AR 750-1, -5, 
place, and usually is performed without 	priorand -8 contain guildance concerning inspecnotice. As the inspected element has no opportions. 
tunity for preparation, the informal inspection provides the commander with information on
C-2. Inspection of a Company by the 
actual day-to-day operations. The informal
Company Commander 
inspection follows no set procedure except theThe company commander inspects the compolicies of the commander. The informal in
pany as often as necessary to insure that the spection is conducted w1th full attention to deunit is capable of performing its mission. tail, a:nd is one of the commander's most effecThese inspections may be formal or informal. tive methods of evaluating the company.Regardless of type, each inspection is conducted for a specific purpose. Following is a discussion C-3. Inspection of a Company by the of inspections conducted by the company comBattalion Commandermander. a. The company is subject to periodic 
a. Fo'rmal. 	inspections by the battalion commander. These 
( 1) 	The formal command inspection ininspections may be formal or informal, scheduled or unscheduled, and are conducted
volves advance notice a:nd a set pro
cedure. It normally applies to all in much the same manner and for the same 

phases of unit activity, including 	purpose as inspections conducted by the company commander. Primary emphasis is placed
personnel, aircraft, and other equipon those aspects which affect accomplishment
ment. The inspection usually is pre
ceded by written instructions to the of the battalion mission, and on areas in which 
platoons or other elements to be indeficiencies are known or suspected to exist. 
spected. These instructions indicate b. The objective of a safety program is to 
who will conduct the inspection, the reduce and keep to a minimum acci'dental man
specific manner and location in which power and equipment losses, thus providing 
equipment is to be displayed, and the more efficient utilization of resources and ad
time and place of preliminary convancing the combat effectiveness of the Army. 
ferences. An aircraft accident prevention survey (FM 

AGO 6992A 	C-1 
FM 1-5 
1-15) will a1d the safety officer in evaluating organic means of communications to alert per
safety conditions in his company. The survey sonnel of elements concerned with rescue opera
discloses areas requiring personnel training tions.
and procedural or equipment changes. 

b. When an accident occurs, priority in proC-4. Preaccident Plan cedure will be determined by the circumstancesof the accident. Procedures usually will follow
a. The company commander, assisted by the this order:
company aviation safety officer, prepares the (1) Rescue of personnel.

company's preaccident plan to provide immedi(2) Guarding the wreckage.
ate assistance to personnel injured in aircraft (3) Organization of the investigation andaccidents and to activate the aircraft accident determination of required specialists.
investigation board. The ala·rm 
system is (4) Assignment of duties and 'dispatch ofoperated by flight operations personnel, using assistance. 
C-2 AGO 6992A 
FM 1-5 
APPENDIX D 
AVIATION SAFETY 
safety conditions in his company. The survey
o.-.;L General 
discloses areas requimng personnel training andThe aviation accident prevention effort exists 
procedural or .equipment changes.
to facilitate accomplishment of the Army mis
sion through the effective operation of organic D-4. Preaccident Plan 
aircraft. The effort must assist rather than 

a. The company commander, assisted by .the
restrict the commander and his flying personcompany aviation safety officer, prepares thenel in the accomplishment of the respective company's preaccident plan to provide immemissions. To be effective, the aviation accident diate assistance to personnel injured in aircraftprevention effort must reflect the commander's accidents and to activate the aircraft accidentinterest and supervision. FM 1-15 discusses investigation board. The alarm system is operaviation safety in the aviation battalion. 
ated by flight operations personnel, using 
D-2. Company Aviation Safety Officer organic means of communications to alert per
sonnel of elements concerned with rescue opera

The company commander designates an inditions.
vidual to assume the additional duty of avia
tion safety officer for the company. This officer b. When an accident occurs, priority in pro
assists, advises, and represents the commander cedure will be determined by the oircums.tances 

in matters pertaining to aviation accident preof the accident. Procedures usually will follow 
vention. His activities include coordination this order: 
with the battalion's aviation safety officer (FM (1) Rescue of personnel. 

(2) Guarding the wreckage.
1-15). 
(3) Organization of the rnvestigation and D-3. Safety Training and the Safety determination of required specialists. Program (4) Assignment of duties and dispatch of assistance.
-->-a. Safety training is the method by which (5) Investigation and analysis to deterpersonnel are made aware of, and are trained mine cause factors.
in the execution of, their duties and responsi
bilities in carrying out the company aviation (6) Consideration of cause factors and safety program. This training is applicable to evaluation of the fin'dings. all personnel, with particular emphasis on the (7) Preparation of the accident report. training of personnel concerned with aircraft 
D-5. Aircraft Accident Investigations
maintenance, airfield control, .airfield service, 
crash rescue, and actual adrcraft operations. a. Aircraft accidents occurring in an element 

b. The objective of a safety program is to of an aviation battalion are investigated by an reduce and keep to a minimum accidental manaircraft accident investigation board. Appointpower and equipment losses, thus providing ment and composition of the board is set forth more efficient utilization of resources and adin AR 385-40. The battalion SOP should prevancing the combat effectiveness of the Army. scribe the proc€dure for an aviation company An aircraft accident prevention survey (FM operating as a separate unit to follow in con1-15) will aid the safety officer .in evaluaking ducting aircraft accident investigations. 
AGO 6992A D-1 
FM 1-5 
b. Organizations conducting aircraft accident c. Responsibility for completion of forms,
investigations may request assistance from the records, antl reports concerning aircraft acci
U.S. Army Board for Aviation Accident Redents rests with the commanding officer of the
search (USABAAR), Fort Rucker, Ala. 
unit conducting the investigation. InstructionsChannels for obtaining USABAAR assistance for completing these forms and reports arewill be by direct telephone call or electrically contained in AR 385-40..transmitted message from the major command 
d. Aircraft accidents are charged to the unitor class II installation requesting assistance which lists the aircraft involved on its property(AR 15-76). 
inventory books. 
D-2 AGO 6992A 
FM 1-5 
APPENDIX E 

SURVEILLANCE PLATOON, GENERAL SUPPORT AVIATION 
COMPANY, AVIATION GROUP, AIRMOBILE DIVISION 

Section I. GENERAL 
and evaluating targets, terrain study, and fire
E-1. General 
adjustment.The surveillance platoon, general support b. Provides (day and night) operations duraviation company, aviation group, airmobile 
ing visual weather conditions and 1imiteddivision (TOE 1-102T), performs aerial reconoperations under instrument weather condinaissance, surveillance, and target acquisition 
tions.
missions in support of the division. (FM 30-20 c. Provides rapid aerial photography condiscusses aerial observation operations, and FM sisting of daylight vertical and oblique photog1-105 discusses the techniques and procedures raphy and night vertical photography.
used in these operations.) The platoon exten:ds and supplements the division's aerial reconnaisE-3. Command Channelssance and surveillance capabilities by use of 
Command channels for the surveillancevisual observation techniques and photographic platoon's normal aldministrative, logistical,or electronic sensory devices. The platoo;n must training, and maintenance functions are probe augmented by imagery interpreter personnel vided by the aviation group and the generalin order for the filmed products of the platoon support aviation company. The general supportto be used profitably. Elements of the surveilaviation company provides supply, mess, quarlance platoon (see para E-12) areters, administration, and discipline for thea. Surveillance platoon headquarters. 
platoon.
b. Photographic processing section. 
c. Aerial radar section. E-4. Control 
d. Aerial infrared section. All elements of the surveilla:nce platoO'll 
e. Surveillance aircraft maintenance section. operate under the command of the platoon commander. The platoon normally is employedE-2. Capabilities in general support under operational control of Capabilities of the surveillance platoon inthe division G2. In matters concerning the 
clude the following: platoO'll, the G2 (air) serves as the pri·ncipal 
assistant to the G2. A G2 (air) representative
a. Provides aerial observation, reconnaissance, and surveillance by visual, radar, infraand appropriate personnel for imagery inter
pretation and aviator briefing and debriefing
red, a!nd visual photographic mea!ns of enemy 
areas for the purpose of locating, verifying, are located at the platoon's airfielld. 

Section II. PLANNING 
aerial surveillance plan by integrating the
E-5. General 
capabilities of the aerial surveillance platoon
The G2 (a;ir) analyzes the commander's concept of the operation and develops the divisio•n's with the capabilities of other aerial reconnais
E-1
AGO 6992A 
FM 1-5 
sauce elements of the division and tactical air 
reconnaissance provided by the U.S. Air Force. 
After the aerial surveillance plan is approved 
and published, the G2 (air) is ready to process 
requests for aerial surveillance missions. He 
assigns aerial surveillance missians and estab~ 
lishes priorities according to the plan, and 
integrates into the plan additional aerial sur~ 
veillance requirements as they are received. 
Requirements for aerial surveillance are 
divided into two categories
a. 
Immediate. Immediate requests are those which cannot be foreseen and which require immediate action. SJnce these requests normally are generated by a need to confirm or 1deny reports of possible targets received from other courses, the platoon must be prepared to provide immediate response. 

b. 
Preplanned. Preplarrned m1sswns are based on requests for information which can be anticipated an1d scheduled in adva'nce in the aerial surveillance plan. These requests are generated by the need to maintain a systematic watch over those portions of the division's area of influence beyond the capabilities of other collection means within the division. 


E-6. Priorities 
The G2 (air) receives and screens requests for aerial surveillance from the division staff and subordinate units and assigns the priority for each mission request. Determination of whether a mission will be assigned to the aerial surveillance platoon or forwarded for accomplishment by the U.S. Air Force is based on the following factors: 
a. 
Whether the information required is presently available or being obtained. 

b. 
Capability an'd status of the organic effort to perform the mission. 

c. 
Time the requested information will no longer be of value. 

d. 
Capability of enemy air and air defense and other countermeasures. 

e. 
The divisian's mission, current situation, and posture in relation to adjacent supporting units. 


f. Availability and reaction time of tactical 
air reconnaissance support if the m1sswn is appropriate for U.S. Air Force accomplishment. 

E-7. Considerations 
In planning the employment of surveillance platoon aircraft, the following must be considered: 
a. 
Enemy air defense capability. 

b. 
Penetra-tion altitude and mission altitude. 

c. 
Air traffic regulation and coordination. 


d. 
Existi'ng authentication and identification systems. 

e. 
Selection of landing zones for use by returning aircraft. 

f. 
Escape and evasion i•nformation and instructions. 

g. Selection of sensory equipment. 

h. 
Briefing of person'nel for each specific mission. 



E-8. Coordination 
Upon processing the requests for aerial surveillance, the G2 (air) places the requirement with the unit that will perform the mission. 
a. When the mission can be more satisfactorily accomplished by higher headquarters or by the supporting U.S. Air Force tactical air reconnaissa'nce unit, preplanned type requests will be forwarded to the corps G2 (air). If 
corps cannot fulfill the request, it is forwarded to field army. Immediate type requests are transmitted to the direct air support center via the air request net. The corps G2 (air) monitors this net anld indicates approval of the division request by remaining silent. 
b. When the mission is to be accomplished by the surveillance platoon, pertinent data is transmitted by the G2 (air) to his representative-normally the assistant G2 (.air)-at the division airfield. This representative serves as liaison officer between the surveillance platoon commander and the G2 (air). Information relayed to the surveillance platoon commander through the assistance G2 (air) will include-
(1) 
Priority. 

(2) 
Mission request number. 


E-2 AGO 6992A 

(3) 	
Type mission. 

(4) 	
Target description. 

(5) 	
Target location. 

(6) 	
Photo scale, if applicable. 

(7) 	
Number of prints needed, if applicable. 


Section Ill. 
E-9. General 
Aerial and ground elements of the surveillance platoon, under direct control of the airmobile force commander, provide a continuous flow of comprehensive and detailed battlefield 
information to the division's intelligence processing agencies. Increased organic aerial means of the platoon permit surveillance and reconnaissance of the 1divisiO'n's area of interest 
on a basis of extended range and frequency. 

E-1 0. Briefing 
Air crewmembers of the platoon receive general and preflight bl"iefings as follows: 
a. 
Daily. Alir crewmembers a;re given a general daJ.ly briefing concerning the next 24 hours of the tactical operation. This type of briefing is intended to shorten and simplify preflight briefings during the subsequent 24 hours. 

b. 
Preflight. Each crewmember receives a preflight briefing in conjunction with each mission assignment. The assista•nt G2 (air) or his representative conducts the portion of the briefing which relates specifically to requirements of the mission. The platoon aerial surveillance officer normally conducts that portion of the briefing which pertains to the overall tactical situation. 



E-11 . Operations 
Operations of the surveill~nce platoon are characterized by rapid response to mission requirements derived through
a. 
Habitual close association between flight crews and supported units. 

b. Current standing operating procedures. 

c. 
Maximum emphasis on m1sswn type ot•ders, fragmentary instructions, and en route briefing of flight crews. 



FM 	1-5 
(8) 	
Specific results desired. 

(9) 	
Type report desired. 

(10) 
Call sign and frequency. 

(11) 
Desired time on target. 

(12) 
Desired time for results. 

(13) 
Time no longer of value. 




EMPLOYMENT 
d. 
Understanding of methods of operation of supported units, preplanned sequences of events, and mission requirements. 

e. 
Flexible en route reorientation of mission support caused by changes in the battlefield configuratio•n, units supported, or mission objectives. 

f. 
Training of unit personnel in teamwork, in-flight discipline and job performance. 

g. 
Flexibility of mission performance afforded by multiplicity of job capabilities inherent to the aircraft, crewmembers, and surveillance systems. 

h. 
Flight crew knowledge of enemy situation and capabilities. 


E-12. Functions of Elements 
Elements of the surveillance platoon perform their functions as follows: 
a. Surveillance Platoon Hectdquarters. The platoon headquarters assists the platoon commander by performiP.g administrative, operational, and supply functions ·necessary for operation of the platoon. This headquarters is located where it can command, control, and coordinate its subordinate elements and facilitate the planning and coordi•nation of missions. It insures timely and efficient execution of aerial surveillance and target acquisition tasks 
assigned to the platoon. 
b. Photographic Processing Section. The 
photographic processing section contains personnel and equipment required for developing and stori'ng prints of imagery produced by the platoon's electronic or photographic sensors. 
c. Aerial Radar Section. The aerial radar section performs visual obsel·vation, aerial electronic surveillance, and aerial target acquisi-
AGO 6992A 	E-3 

FM 1.-5 
tion tasks in support of the division. Equipped all-weather system. For satisfactory results
with radar and photographic sensors, the secwith photographic or infrared detectors, thetion normally employed to provi'de surveillance aircraft must fly below cloud levels in the areaof routes, zones, or areas where enemy moveto be photographed or surveyed.ment is suspected in order to obtain indications 
e. Surveillance Aircraft Maintenance Section.
of unusual enemy activity or to acquire targets. 
The surveillance aircraft maintenance sectionThe section may be employed on day or night contains personnel, equipment, and the normalaerial surveillance or target acquisition misamount of spare parts necessary for the orsions, with the procedures a·nd techniques used ganizational maintenance of the surveillancebeing determined by the tasks being performed platoon's aircraft and the sensory equipment(FM 1-105). Visual observation is employed mounted in those aircraft. Aircraft refuelingduring peri.ods of ·good visibility; and the secspecialists a:nd equipment are provided fortion's airborne radar surveillance system-a refueling the platoon's aircraft. The sectionside looking aerial raJdar (SLAR)-is used maintains aircraft maintenance records induring inclement weather when photography accordance with the Army integrated equipand infrared imagery quality are reduced. The ment records and maintenance manageme'ntSLAR permits electronic surveillance · into system (TM 38-750 and TM 38-750-1).
enemy territory from an aircraft flying over
friendly terrain. H can observe the terrain on 

E-13. Reporting
either side of the aircraft or on both sidessimultaneously. The system has a data transfer Spot reports are used during flights to relaylink to a ground station, which may be located critical intelligence information to using eleat a considerable distance from the aircraft. ments of the division. These reports normally Radar imagery recorded in flight by the airare transmitted by radio, but can be delivered craft surveillance equipment can be transby message drop or by use of prearranged mitted simultaneously to the grou'nd station. signals. When necessary, and when circumstances permit, the aviator may la:nd at or near
This system also has an in-flight processingcapability which enables the operator to view the requesting unit. If a spot report is notrequired while the aircraft is in flight, the
the imagery while it is being produced and
relay the intelligence information to the ground debriefing officer forwards a mission report 
by radio. This capability can be used when the through intelligence channels to units con
aircraft is operating beyond the range of the cerned. 
data transfer Jionk. 

E-14. Debriefing
d. Aerial Infrared Section. The aerial infra
a. The same individual should conduct thered section performs aerial observation, aerial preflight briefing and debriefing of the airsurveillance, and aerial target acquisition tasks crewmembers. The information is consolidatedin support of the division. The section uses into two categories:
short takeoff and landing aircraft which areequipped with infrared and photographic de( 1) Miss1:on. During the debriefing, thevices. The section is employed to provide aircrewmembers are asked questions conto-grou'nd infrared surveillance of routes, cerni·ng all aspects of the mission aszones, or areas within friendly or enemy terrisigned during the preflight briefing.tory and to acquire targets. It may be (2) General. Any additional informationemployed on day or night aerial surveillance obtained whtich was not an assignedand target acquisition missions, with the protask or any changes in tactical mapscedures and techniques determined by the type and weather data are categorized asof task being performed. Although some of the general .infotl'Illation. i·nfrared sensors are particularly effective at b. Use of a debriefing form will aid the avianight in clear weather, the system is not an tor-observer team in compiling mission data 
E-4 AGO 6992A 
FM 1-5 
and will shorten the time required for deimagery identifiable and useful for interpretabriefing. tion and intelligence purposes. A sensor data 
c. Essential items of navigational and log and a flight log should be maintained for imagery data must be recorded to make the each sensor mission flown. 
AGO 6992A E-5 


FM 1-5 
APPENDIX F 
AIR CRASH RESCUE PROCEDURES 

F-1. General 
a. The function of air crash rescue as distinguished from air crash firefighting is essentially a lifesaving activity. It entails suppression of post crash fires sufficiently to permit 
extrication or recovery of injured personnel, initial emergency medical treatment of the injured, and their evacuation to an appropriate medical treatment facility. 
b. Within the Army, air crash rescue support is provided by air elements of the Army Medical Service (AMEDS) and air crash firefighting support is provided by the Corps of Engineers. During combat operations, field traini•ng, or field exercises, air crash rescue s-upport is required for all phases of airmobile missions. 
This suppOO't also is provided by AMEDS air elements. 
c. Within AMEDS, the function of air crash rescue is separated organizationally from the function of aeromedical evacuation. The emergency nature of the two activities normally precludes their fulfillment by the same resources. This restriction does not preclude assignment of separate air crash rescue and aeromedical evacuation elements of a single medical organization such as a medical group. 

F-2. Responsibility 
a. Each airfield commander is responsible for proV'iding emergency procedures, facilities, and crews or teams to assist in minimizing the loss of life and p·roperty at an aircraft accident on or in the vicinity of the airfield. 
b. Air crash rescue support is provided
(1) 	
At high density airfields and heliports by assigning an air crash rescue unit full time. This unit operates at the airfield under control of the installation commander and the technical supervision of the staff surgeon. Dispatch control for crash rescue missions is the responsibility of the airfield commander. 

(2) 	
At other airfields and heliports as an on call service of an air crash rescue unit assigned an area support mission. This unit operates un'der control of the medical commander who is responsible for overall medical support in that ar.ea. 

(3) 	
For air operations on call, normally on an area or unit support basis. The basis for assignment of air crash rescue units will be dictated by the number and types of supported aircraft and the air operations plan. 



F-3. Equipment 
Aircraft authorized AMEDS air crash rescue units are equipped with fire suppression materials, an external hoist, special tools needed to extricate occupants from a crashed aircraft, special medical equipment, and an internal litter carrying capability. The crew of the air crash rescue aircraft contains personnel 
specialists trained in aircraft fire suppression proce'dures, personnel recovery, and emergency medical treatment. 
AGO 6992A 	F-1 


FM 1-5 
INDEX 
Paragraph Aircraft categories ----------------6-3 Attack: 
Air --------------------------4-7 Artillery ---------------------4-7 CBR -------------------------4-10 Infiltration --------------------4-8 
Aviation units: Aerial artillery battery ________ 6-15 Aerial weapons company _______ 6-14 
Air cavalry troop --------------6-16 Airmobile company (light) _____ 6-11 Army aviation company ________ 6-9 
Assault helicopter company _____ 6-13 Assault support helicopter company --------------------6-12 Aviation company, separate 
infantry brigade ------------6-7 Corps aviation company ________ 6-8 General support aviation 
company --------------------6-10 Headquarters and support company --------------------6-17 Medical air ambulance company_ -6-18 
Capabilities ----------------------1-3 Command post -------------------
3-12 Command relationship -------------6-5 
4-5
Deception ------------------------Defense: Active ------------------------4-4 Enemy air --------------------4-4b 
Passive -----------------------4-3 Displacement ----------------------3-4-3-9 Division support command _________ 5-l 
Elements -------------------------2-2 
FARS ----------------------------5-4 F ASCOM --------------------------5-4 Functions, aviation company 
elements ----------------------~-2-2 
Instructor selection and training ____ 8-4 
Landing zones --------------------3-2b 
Limitations -----------------------1-3 
Maintenance: Areas ------------------------3-15 
Direct support ________________ 5-3--5-7 
Page  Paragraph  Page  
6-2  Maintenance--Con-tinued  
4-2  Organizational ---------------Markings, airfield ---------------- 5-8 3-13  5-3 3-4  
4-2  Mess:  
4-3 4-2  Company --------------------Training ----------------------Movement ------------------------ 3-12 8-7 3-9  3-4 8-2 3-3  
6-8 6-7  Night occupation -----------------Nuclear attacks ------------------ 3-10d 4-10  3-4 4-3  
6-8  
6-7 6-6  Occupation of position ------------3-10 Order, warning ------------------3-5, 3-6  3-3 3-2  
6-7  
Parking, aircraft ----------------- 3-13  3-4  
6-7  Platoon:  
Aircraft ---------------------- 2-2c  2-1  
6-5  Service _______ ---------------- 2-2d  2-2  
6-5  Surveillance ------------------ app. E  E-1  
Position, company ----------------- 3-2a  3-1  
6-6  Reconnaissance of position _________3-3--3-7  3-1  
6-9  Refueling facilities  --------------- 3-16  3-4  
6-9  Section:  
1-1  Aircraft maintenance ___________  2-2d  2-2  
3-4  Airfield control --------------- 2-2b  2-1  
6-3  Airfield service ---------------- 2-2d  2-2  
4-2  Automotive maintenance _______ Communications -------------- ~2d 2-2b  2-2 2-1  
4-1  Security -------------------------4-1--4-10  4-1  
4-1  Surveillance platoon  -------------- app. E  E-1  
4-1 3-2 5-1  Tables of organization and equipment (TOE): 1-47 ------------------------- 6-7  6-5  
2-1  1-57 ------------------------- 6-11  6-7  
5-1 5-1  1-77 -------------------------1-102 ------------------------1-127 ------------------------ 6-11 6-10 6-8  6-7 6-6 6-5  
2-1  1-137 ------------------------1-157 ----------------------- 6-9 6-14  6-6 6-7  
8-1  1-168 ------------------------ 6-13  6-7  
1-167 ----------------------- 6-12  6-7  
3-1  6-727 ------------------------ 6-15  6-8  
1-1  8-26 -------------------------8-137 ------------------------ 6-17 6-8  6-9 6-5  
17-58  ----------------------- 6-16a  6-8  
3-4  17-108 -------------~--------- 6-16a  6-8  
6-1  17-408 ----------------------- 6-16a  6-8- 

AGO 699~A 
FM 1-5 
By Order of .the Secretary of the Am1y: 
Official: 
J. C. LAMBERT, 
Major General, United States Army, 
The Adjuta:nt General. 

Distribution: 
ACTIVE ARMY: 
DCSPER (2) 
ACSI (2) 
DCSLOG (2) 
DCSOPS (2) 
ACSFOR (2) 
CORC (2) 
CRD (1) 
COA (1) 
CINFO (1) 
TIG (1) 
TJAG (1) 
TPMG (1) 
TSG (1) 
OPO (1) 
USACDC (10) 
USAMC (15) 
USAMEC (3) 
US!CONARC (10) 
ARADCOM (10) 
ARADCOM Rgn (10) 
USMA (3) 
USACDC Agencies (5) except 
USACDCAVNA (10) 
USACDCARMA (15) 
USACDCCARMSA (10) 
USACDCIA (6) 
USACDCOA (1) 
NG: Avn Bn (3); Avn Co (3); Avn Det (1). 
USAR: Avn Bn (3); Avn Co (3); Avn Det (1). 
For explanation of abbreviations used, see AR 320-50. 

HAROLD K. JOHNSON, 
General, United States Army, Chief of Staff. 
USACDCCEA (1) 
USACDCEIC (10) 
USACDCCSSG (5) 
USACDCSWG (5) 
U~ABAAR (2) 
USAAVNHRIU (2) 
Armies (5) 
Corps (5) 
Div (5) except 

25th lnf Div (250) Div Arty (1) LOGCOMD (5) Bde (1) Regt/Gp/bg (1) 
cc (1) 
Avn Bn (5) 
Avn Co (3) 
Avn Det (1) 
Br Svc Sch (5) except 

USAADS (11) 
USAMPS (10) 
USAQMS (25) 
USASCS (8) 
USASWS (15) 
USASA (30) 
USAMFSS (10) 

'R U.S. Government Printing Office: 1966--200-583/6992A