FOREWORD This exhibit of reproductions of paintings executed by some of the Nation's foremost military artists has for its theme the saga of glory that began with the birth of the United States Army in 1775. The picturesque uniforms worn by the soldiers of days gone by and the valorous deeds performed by the ancestors of today's fighting men are a colorful reminder of the Army's long and honorable contribution to the history of the Nation. From the time it helped win independence for the United States in the Revolutionary War through the later conflicts that preserved that independence and maintained our freedom, the Army has been a bulwark of defense and a source of pride for the Nation it serves. The 145 campaign streamers on the United States Army flag and the pictures here on display help keep proud memories fresh. (The EXECUTIVE CORRIDOR OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY AND CHIEF OF STAFF, UNITED STATES ARMY is in the E ring between corridors 6 and 7 on the 3d floor, directly over the Mall entrance to the Pentagon.) 1776 On the Dover Green Colonel John Haslet led elements of the Delaware Continental Battalion from Dover, Delaware in July 1776 toward their first major action on Long Island, New York. From the color of their coats they were known as "the Delaware Blues." Artist: Stanley Arthurs. 1774-1775 Independent Company Organizations The colonial militia laws required that every able-bodied male between 16 and 60 had to serve. This military requirement was met by the colonies which fo rmed volunteer units such as the brown coated Philadelphia City Troop and red coated grenadiers of the Governor's Foot Guards in Connecticut. Artist : H . A . Ogden. /lf-;;2._ I 3 <"') 00 ,_ ...... I t1") ,_ ,_ ...... The American Soldier, 1781 These continental troops wear uniforms prescribed in the regulations of 1779 and supplied at the time of the Yorktown Campaign. Artist: H. Charles McBarron. 1775-1776 " .. the whites of their eyes!" Bunker Hill, Boston, Massachusetts, 17 June 1775 Along the battle line on Breed's Hill the Americans coolly held their fire as seven crack regiments of the 1779-1783 British Army advanced. An officer sternly admonished,Commander in Chief, "Do not fire until you see the whites of their eyes!" Aide de Camp & Line Officers With magnificent discipline and courage, the colonists waited . . . fired. Artist: Ken Riley. The blue and buff color combination for general and staff officers was adopted early in the Revolutionary War. In the right foreground is an artillery officer and in the background center an officer of light dragoons. Artist: H . A . Ogden. 1782 Light Infantry The light infantry, organized as separate companies in the Continental regiments, were considered the elite of the Continental Army. Drawn together to form the Corps of Light Infantry for summer campaigning, under commanders like Wayne and Lafayette, they 1781 performed outstandingly at StonySiege of Yorktown Point and Yorktown. Artist: H. A. A combined American-French force under Generals Washington and Ogden. Rochambeau contained General Cornwallis' army of 6,000 British in York town, Virginia, while a French fleet blocked Cornwallis' escape by sea. After a siege, Cornwallis surrendered on 19 October 1781. Artist: Louis Van Blaren berghe. The American Soldier, 1794 The Army that won the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794 was organized as a " Legion," a composite force of all combat arms under General Wayne. Artist: H . Charles McBarron. The American Soldier, 1786 A frontier fort along the Ohio River is depicted . In the left foreground is a captain of artillery. In the right foreground is an iniantry private in a fatigue vest. Artist: H . Charles McBarron. 1802-1810 Infantry and Artillery I n March 1802 , the Army was reduced to a regiment of artillery and two regiments of infantry. Here are shown enlisted men and officers of both branches. Artist: H. A. Ogden. ...... ...... 00 ...... J 00 r ...... 1794 The Road to Fallen Timbers Tracking down the Indians of the Northwest who had twice whipped our Army, the Legion met the foe on the banks of the Maumee River, Ohio, routed him from behind a vast windfall, and destroyed him. Artist: H . Charles McBarron. 1783-1796 Infantry & Artillery Most of the small Army in the postrevolutionary war years was serving on the western frontier. Artist: H . A. Ogden. ...... ...... 00 ...... J 00 ,..._ ...... The American Soldier, 1805 In 1802 the Corps of Engineers was created to fill the Army's need for trained technicians. This picture shows construction work near West Point in 1805. Artist: H. Charles McBarron. 1796-1799 Infantry & Musicians The wars in Europe and their threat to the peace of the United States in the last decade of the eighteenth century caused a turn toward coastal defenses. The threatened war with France in 1798 and 1799 brought with it a temporary expansion of the Army. Artist : H . A. Ogden. FLAG OF THE CHIEF OF STAFF UNITED STATES ARMY Certain military officials, such as the Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Chief of Staff, United States Army, a re authorized individual colors symbolic of the office they hold. On 6 July 1917, a color was approved for the Chief of Staff, United States Army. There have been some minor changes in format since the color was first designed. But, in general, the scarlet and white field divided diagonally, with the insignia of the Army G eneral Staff in the center, is the same as it was in 1917 . RELIEF MAP UNITED STATES ARMY-WORLDWIDE PROTECTOR OF OUR LIBERTIES On the borders of this map of the world are shown the major commands of the United States Army and their geographical locations. Also shown are the 17 active divisions of the United States Army and their stations around the globe -protecting the interests of the United States, and the Free World. 1810-1813 General, Staff, & Infantry This painting depicts a parade near a frontier fort before the War of 1812. Artist: H. A . Ogden. The American Soldier, 1812 A scene of the northern frontier in the fall of 1812 is depicted. A mounted medical officer is in the center foreground, to his right stands a sergeant of the light artillery regiment. In the background are a company officer, a trumpeter, and a company on the march, all of light artillery. Artist : H. Charles McBarron. 1815 Battle of New Orleans As the British columns appeared out of the early morning mist on 8 January 1815, they were met with murderous fire, first from the artillery, then from the muskets and rifles of Jackson's infantry shooting from their cottonbale fortifications. Artist: H. Charles McBarron. N ...... ...... 1813 "Remember the River Raisin!" Following Commodore Perry's success at Lake Erie, a United States force engaged British troops 75 miles east of Detroit in Upper Canada. Included was a regiment of Kentucky Mounted Riflemen, who scattered the enemy army. The Battle of the Thames was revenge for an earlier massacre of Kentucky militia on the River Raisin. Artist: Ken Riley. 1814 The Battle of Chippewa As the American troops advanced steadily through murderous grapeshot, the British commander opposing them realized his mistake in believing them to be the untrained levies he had easily whipped before. The British were driven from the battlefield. Artist : H. Charles McBarron. 1814 The American Soldier The War of 1812 saw the development of a general staff and the reappearance of an old American military institution, the rifle regiment. Artist: H. Charles McBarron. (SEE PAGE 23 FOR STORY ON PICTURE OF "1964 VIETNAM" AT HEAD OF ESCALATOR) 1821-1832 Regimental Officers, Engineer & Cadet 1836 The uniform was slightly modiThe American Soldier fied in 1821. Black braid was added to the coats, a new bellA scene at the frontier post of crowned shako was adopted, and a Fort Leavenworth is depicted. As new method of distinguishing the frontier moved west, cavalry rank, with wings and chevrons, became necessary to control the replaced the epaulettes formerly mounted Plains Indians and dra worn by company officers and goon regiments were organized. enlisted men. Artist : H . A. Ogden. Artist : H. Charles McBarron. 1825 Lafayette and the National Guard The visit of the Marquis de Lafayette to the United States in 1824-25 was in every sense triumphal. The 2d Battalion, 11th New Y ork Artillery, later the famous 7th Regiment, was one of many militia commands turned out in welcome. This unit decided to adopt the title "National Guard," in honor of Lafayette's celebrated Garde Nationale d e Paris. Artist : Ken Riley. 1832-1835 Major General, 1827 Staff & Line Officers The American Soldier & Cadets The painting shows marching In 1832 President Andrew Jacktroops at the Artillery School of son directed that " the facings Practice at Fort Monroe , Virginia worn by the Revolutionary Army" in 1827. In the center foreground on the uniforms were to be is a captain of artillery. To his restored. In this painting the genright is an infantry grenadier eral and staff officers are again sergeant. Artist : H. Charles wearing the buff and blue. Artist: McBarron. H . A . Ogden. 1841-1851 Voltigeur, Infantry, Dragoon & Artillery (Campaign Uniform) These troops in the fiel d in Mexico show the fatigue uniforms worn throughout the war. Artist: H. A. Ogden. 1836 The Alamo A heroic handful of dedicated men is shown defending the Alamo. Their gallant stand gave birth to one of the most famous rallying cries America has ever known-"Remember the Alamo." Remember the Alamo they did indeed, for they captured its conqueror, Santa Anna. Artist : H. Charles McBarron. 1847 The American Soldier This is a column of General Zachary Taylor's troops on the march in northern Mexico. The horseman in the foreground is a dragoon. Artist: H. Charles McBarron. The The most formidable of the defenses surrounding Mexico City was the citadel of Chapultepec. This massive stone fortress on top of a 200 foot hill had to be taken by General Scott's American troops before they could advance against the city proper. Artist: James Walker. 00 00 """ ...... I \0 00 """ ...... 1847 The Mississippi Rifles Buena Vista, Mexico, February 23, 1847 Fighting in the open on a d usty mountainside in a foreign land many hundreds of miles from home, facing a superior en emy, the Mississippi Rifles displayed a rock-lik e defense against a Mexican attack. Artist : Ken R iley. 22 7-400 0 -66 -2 1851-1858 Artillery, Ordnance & Engineers A new uniform for the Army was introduced in 1851. In this picture the artillerists are distinguished by scarlet facings, the ordnance by crimson, and the staff officers by varicolored pompons. Artist: H . A. Ogden. 0 10 00 ...... J, "