B\SON FMFRP 6-17 Combat Service Support for Artillery Units STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK A.T BUFFALO SEP G1990 DOCUMENTS DEPOSITOR.Y LIBRARY 0433 U.S. Marine Corps , PCN 140 061700 00 c DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY Headquarters United States Marine Corps Washington, DC 20380-0001 19 January 1990 FOREWORD 1. PURPOSE Fleet Marine Force Reference Publication (FMFRP) 6-17, Combat Service Support for Artillery Units, serves as a reference for artillery commanders, their staffs, and other officers involved in rendering combat service support to artillery units engaged in tactical or combat conditions. FMFRPs provide information of a nondoctrinal nature and ensure the retention and dissemination of information that is not intended to become doctrine. 2. SCOPE This manual provides information and techniques for the planning and execution of combat service support (CSS) for artillery operations. It discusses and emphasizes the artillery's organic capabilities for CSS, provides techniques developed through field operations, and contains consolidated data useful in the planning of artillery operations. 3. SUPERSESSION None. 4. CHANGES Recommendations for improvements to this publication are encouraged from commands as well as from individuals. Forward suggestions using the User Suggestion Form format to- Commanding General Marine Corps Combat Development Command (WF 12) Quantico, Virginia 22134-5001 5. CERTIFICATION Reviewed and approved this date. BY DIRECTION OF THE COMMANDANT OF THE MARINE CORPS ~~r-~ M. P. SULLIVAN Major General, U.S. Marine Corps Deputy Commander for Warfighting Marine Corps Combat Development Command Quantico, Virginia e DISTRIBUTION: PCN 140 061700 UO c USER SUGGESTION FORM From: To: Commanding General, Marine Corps Combat Development Command (WF 12), Quantico, Virginia 22134-5001 Subj: RECOMMENDATIONS CONCERNING FMFRP 6-17, Combat Service Support for Artillery Units 1. In accordance with the Foreword to FMFRP 6-17, which invites individuals to submit suggestions concerning this FMFRP directly to the above addressee, the following unclassified recommendation is forwarded: Page Article/Paragraph No. Line No. Figure/Table No. Nature of Change: D Add D Delete D Change D Correct 2. Proposed New Verbatim Text: (Verbatim, double spaced; continue on additional pages as necessary.) 3. Justification/Source: (Need not be double spaced.) NOTE: Only one recommendation per page. FMFRP 6-17 Record of Changes Change Date of Date of Organization Signature No. Change Entry (reverse blank) c FMFRP 6-17 Combat Service Support for Artillery Units Chapter 1. Paragraph 1001 1002 1003 1004 Chapter 2. 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Chapter 3. 3001 3002 3003 3004 3005 3006 3007 3008 3009 3010 Table of Contents Artillery Combat Service Support Fundamentals Page 1-1 Mission 1-1 Responsibilities Organic Capabilities 1-1 External CSS Organizations 1-2 Planning CSS Planning 2-1 CSS Principles 2-1 Artillery Planning 2-5 Evaluating CSS Data 2-6 Transportation 2-14 2-20 Maintenance Health Services 2-21 Execution of Combat Service Support CSS Employment 3-1 Artillery S-4 Duties 3-1 Concept of Support 3-3 Battalion Organization 3-3 Trains 3-4 Security 3-7 Supply Execution 3-8 Ammunition Operations 3-10 Maintenance Operations 3-14 Engineer Operations 3-16 iii FMFRP 6-17 Appendixes: Paragraph A B c D E F G H I 1 K L M Index Planning Data for Headquarters Battery, Direct Support Structured Battalion Planning Data for M-198 Battery (8-Gun), Direct Support Structured Battalion Planning Data for M-114 Battery (8-Gun), Direct Support Structu~ed Battalion Planning Data for Headquarters Battery, General Support Structured Battalion (SP) Planning Data for M-109 Battery, General Support Structured Battalion Planning Data for 8-Inch Howitzer Battery, General Support Structured Battalion Artillery Estimate of Supportability Format Estimate of Artillery Requirements Format Ammunition Packing Dimensions Landing Craft Capacities for Transporting Artillery Small Arms Packing Dimensions Glossary References and Related Technical Publications Page A-1 B -1 c -1 D-1 E -1 F -1 G-1 H-1 I -1 1 -1 K -1 L -1 M-1 Index-1 iv FMFRP 6·17--------------------------Chapter1 Chapter 1 Artillery Combat Service Support Fundamentals 1001. Mission Artillery units must be capable of providing responsive, effective, and sustainable support to the maneuver unit in order to counter a sophisticated, mobile threat. To achieve this mission, the artillery unit requires a flexible combat service support (CSS) system. The artillery's CSS effort arms, fuels, maintains, and mans artillery weapon systems in order to develop and maintain fire support. The artillery must be capable of resupplying high volumes of ammunition during peak operational periods and providing support for various artillery tactics; e.g., splitbattery operations, widely dispersed position areas, frequent displacements. CSS is an integral factor in planning and executing artillery operations. Detailed CSS principles and techniques are covered in FMFM 4, Combat Service Support, and FMFM 4-1, Combat Service Support Operations (currently under development). 1002. Responsibilities All commanders, from the artillery regiment to the firing battery, are responsible for their units' CSS. The S-4 is responsible for planning, supervising, and coordinating CSS functions and activities. The S-4 coordinates with the S-3 to ensure a balance between operational needs and logistic capabilities. The S-4 exercises staff cognizance over special staff officers who manage specific CSS commodities. 1003. Organic Capabilities Artillery units exercise each CSS function (supply, maintenance, transportation, general engineering, health services, and services) to some degree. In addition, they are responsible for certain command support functions; e.g., messing. The artillery regiment coordinates CSS activities of its subordinate battalions. Each battalion possesses limited, organic CSS capabilities and is capable of independent operations. Normally, the artillery battery relies on its parent battalion (supported battalion when attached) for CSS. a. CSS Functions (1) Supply. Artillery units perform all supply functions to some degree. Supply operations are performed in each class of supply, with particular emphasis on classes I, III, V, and IX. External supply support is obtained from the combat service support element (CSSE). When task-organized, supplies may also be provided by the supported unit. Unit supply officers manage, coordinate, and advise the supply functions for their units. (2) Maintenance. Maintenance support of an artillery unit is a continual, concentrated effort by all personnel. The S-4 coordinates and supervises overall maintenance efforts of the unit's motor transport, ordnance, communications-electronics, and maintenance management officers. Artillery maintenance support is required on a wide spectrum of equipment from motor transport and ordnance to weapon-locating radars, gunnery computers, and communications-electronics equipment. Artillery battalions have an organic capability for first and second echelon (organizational) maintenance of all equipment except fire control. Artillery battalions with self-propelled 1·1 1004--------------------------FMFRP 6-17 howitzers have third echelon (intermediate) maintenance capability for the hulls and engines of its self-propelled equipment. The artillery regiment performs third and· fourth echelon (intermediate) maintenance on electronic systems within the organization. Organic maintenance personnel within the regiment are organized into maintenance contact teams (MCTs) and become the key element of organizational maintenance in the forward areas. Maintenance support teams (MSTs) are formed from the CSSE's intermediate assets and provide intermediate (field) maintenance from the CSSE or at CSSE maintenance facilities. MSTs usually work on equipment in the combat service support area (CSSA) until sent forward to repair ~ specific item of equipment. . (3) Transportation. The artillery unit's organic transportation assets provide the necessary mobility to deliver continuous artillery support. Transportation assets are identified in appendixes A-F. Artillery units are capable of moving their personnel and equipment and limited supplies. The unit's motor transport officer supervises transportation efforts. This includes establishment of vehicle maintenance programs, maintenance of pre-expended .bins (PEB), and procurement oftechnical assistance and maintenance from the CSSE. The embarkation officer coordinates the unit's embarkation requirements. Organic vehicles are wheeled (motor transport) and tracked (self-propelled howitzers). External transportation support may supplement the artillery's organic transportation ability for certain supplies; e.g., class V(W) items. Artillery can be transported by landing craft, transport aircraft: and to a limited extent, helicopters. (4) General Engineering. The artillery regiment possesses limited, organic engineering abilities which are coordinated by the regimental engineer officer. These organic engineering assets include utilities support (3 kW through 60 kW generators) and earthmoving support (T-5 and D-7 bulldozers) and are distributed to subordinate artillery units as required. The regimental engineer section can provide forklifts (capacity not to exceed 10,000 lbs) and Ml2Al decontamination equipment. Additional support is provided by the combat engineer battalion and the engineer support battalion. (~) H~al~h Services.. Artillery units can provtde hmtted routine treatment, first-aid, and emergency medical care. Corpsmen are assigned to each firing battery. Aid stations are located at. the batta.Jion and regiment and supervised by unit surgeons and/or chief hospital corpsmen. The regimental medical section . supports the regimental headquarters and supervises and coordinates all medical activities within the regiment. Support is provided by higher echelon for personnel requiring medical care beyond that found at the aid stations. Dental services ar,e provided by dental battalion, force service support group (FSSG). (6) Services. Services support is decentralized. The S-4 coordinates the logistical aspects involved in providing support but does not have direct control. The S-4 controls and coordinates utilities support and information systems support. The S-1 coordinates postal disbursing, law enforcement, management of enemy prisoners of war (EPW),' information systems, exchange services, legal services, and graves registnition. The S-3 coordinates civil '.affairs operations and support. The artillery unit conducts limited EPW and civilian internee collection and evacuation. b. Messing; Ensuring adequate messing support to using units is a command responsibility. The artillery regiment and battalions have organic mes , sing capabilities. The food services officer, under the cognizance of the S-4, supervises the food service's section including the requisition, storage, and preparation of meals. 1004. External CSS Organizations Artillery units obtain external CSS from various Marine Air-Ground Task Force (MAGTF) CSS FMFRPS-17-----------------------------------------------------1004 organizations. These CSS organizations are established in the amphibious objective area. The artillery S-4 must be familiar .with each of the CSS organizations in order to effectively utilize available resources. Establishing the CSS sequence begins at the landing beach and in the helicopterJanding zone. The following organizations support each sequence of CSS forward from the beach. a. Landing Force Support Party. The landing beach support area (BSA) is controlled by the landing force support party. The landing force support party (LFSP) provides limited resupply capability (class I, Ill, V), emergency maintenance, and casualty and EPW evacuation. During amphibious operations, an LFSP is task-organized by the MAGTF commander to facilitate the ship-to-shore and beach movement of troops, equipment, and supplies. The LFSP conducts the beaching, retraction, and salvage of landing ships, ,landing craft, and amphibious vehicles. b. Helicopter Support Team. The landing zone support. area is controlled by the helicopter support team (HST) and provides class I, Ill, and V resupply and limited ground maintenance. The HST is task-organized to facilitate the landing and movement of helicopterborne forces, equipment, and EPWs from the landing zone. The manning of an HST is.an organizational responsibility. In the event of a logistic build-up, the CSSE provides HST augmentation to the supported unit. The landing support battalion of the FSSG provides .,HST training to artillery personnel. c..Combat· Service Support Detachment. Combat service support detachments (CSSD) are . established after the attack moves ashore· and provide support to the operating forces. The CSSD operates from a BSA, CSSA, and/or force CSSA. CSSDs are task-organized from the CSSE to perform limited, temporary CSS for the supported unit. The CSSD is capable of third echelon (intermediate) maintenance. The CSSD is taskorganized to provide mobility through the ,use of replenishment and repair points (RRP). Limited train operations, helicopters, and the use of RRPs allows the CSSD to position support functions forward and shorten the response time to supported units. d. MEU Service Support Group. The·MEU service support group (MSSG) is the CSSE of a Marine expeditionary unit (MEU). The MSSG is task-organized to render a wide range of CSS to the MEU. The artillery battery attached to the battalion landing team (BL T) receives external support from the MSSG in coordination with the BLT's S-4. e. Brigade Service Support Group. The brigade service support group (BSSG) is the CSSE of a Marine expeditionary brigade (MEB). A reinforced artillery battalion is normally attached to the MEB's regimental landing team (RLT). The artillery battalion receives external support from the BSSG in coordination with the RL T's S-4. t Force Service Support Group. The FSSG is the permanently structured CSSE in a Marine expeditionary force.(MEF). The FSSG establishes a force CSSA in the objective area to support the MEF. The artillery regiment's S-4 supervises overall logistic efforts of the artillery organization. Subordinate artillery battalions receive support from the artillery regiment, division,, and FSSG. (reverse blank) t:-3 c FMFRP 6·17-------------------------'Chapter 2 Chapter 2 Planning 2001. CSS Planning CSS planning is a critical element if an operation is to succeed. Each commander, from the firing battery to the regiment, must know and apply CSS principles in the planning of CSS. Staff officers at each echelon must coordinate their planning efforts to ensure a continuous CSS flow. FMFM 3-1, Command and StaffAction, addresses CSS planning in relation to staffing responsibilities and logistic requirements. 2002. CSS Principles The seven principles which affect CSS are responsiveness, simplicity, flexibility, economy, attainability, sustainability, and survivability. These principles guide the planning, organization, and management of CSS execution. A principle's influence varies with each operation or phase of operation. The artillery commander identifies principles that are essential for responsive, effective, and sustainable artillery support. a. Responsiveness. Responsiveness is the ability to provide the right support at the right time and in the right place. Among the CSS principles, responsiveness is the keystone. The artillery unit must anticipate its initial and subsequent requirements. The artillery commander bases requirements on mission, enemy, terrain, troops-time (METT-T). (1) Mission. CSS enhances the ability to accomplish the assigned mission. CSS efforts must be compatible with the mission and type of operation. Requirements, priorities, allocations, and mobility are affected by the mission. For example, during movement to contact, emphasis is on petroleum, oil, and lubricants (POL) and CSS mobility; but, a deliberate attack would increase ammunition consumption rates and lessen the POL requirement. (2) Enemy. An analysis of enemy capabilities and composition identifies CSS vulnerability. This analysis also impacts the expenditure rate and types of ammunition required for the operation. For example, operations against a significant anti-air threat might necessitate an increased reliance on indirect fire means. (3) Terrain. Terrain (which includes the impact of weather) has multiple effects on CSS. Table 2-1 identifies selected environmental impacts on CSS functions. (4) Troops. The number of firing units ashore and their landing sequence affects CSS requirements. Availability and readiness of troops and their required equipment must be considered in planning. (5) Time. Rates of movement, frequency of displacements, and ability to provide forward supply and maintenance impact time tables and must be carefully considered. b. Simplicity. Keeping things simple is a key to rapid response. Simplicity in CSS is enhanced by: • Establishing priorities. • Allocating resources. • Positioning resources. 2·1 .I\) Table 2-1. Environmental Impacts on CSS 0 1\) i\3 0 1\) Environmental General Health Factors Supply Maintenance Transportation Engineering Services Built-up Areas Land lines of commu- Maintenance areas Reduces movement Existing utilities Existing facilities nications can be available available available impeded Existing supplies Reduces maintenance lncrea.ses use of MHE Requires clearance of available due to fewer dis due to dispersion of rubble placements battery positions Increases expenditure Requires fortification of class V (delay, VT of positions fuzes) Cold Weather Land lines of commu- Increases maintenance Restricts ground Increases use of Affects personnel nications are few and time mobility hardened positions extended _Increases equipment, Affects equipment Increases reliance on Requires snow-clearing Requires use of clothing, and tentage (waterproofing, mal air movement equipment warming tents requirements functions, slow starting) Reduces ammunition Requires frequent, Increases transporta- Materiels handling Increases food intake carrying capacity regular warmup of tion needs due to bat difficult engines, radios, and tlefield size batteries Increases class Ill Requires exercise of Air movement affected Requires ammunition MEDEVAC difficult requirements (heaters, equipment after warm by ice fog shelters engine warmup, spe up with Herman Nel cial lubricants, oils, son heater, swingfire de-icing compounds) kits, and Stewart warmer heaters Increases use of Maintenance areas Requires special cross- Construction of Sanitation difficult batteries critical and limited country ability (snow barriers difficult in plow, snowshoes) frozen ground Reduces effects of Requires daily tire pres- Navigation difficult Requires use of explo ammunition in snow sure checks to prevent sives to facilitate loos flat tires and flat spots ening ice and dirt Increases effects of Requires periodic Fuel handling ammunition on ice relocation of vehicles dangerous to avoid flat spots "11 :s:: Sustainment of class I "11 difficult ::IJ "'0 Requires supplementary rations '!> ..... ...... n e e Desert Mountain 1\) w Limited potable water Requires transport of ice blocks Prepositioning and storage of materiel is key to sustainment Extended land lines of communications Increases use of class V (smoke, suppression, countermechanized fires) Increases use of class Ill (POL, tires, coolant, cleaning materiels) Increases use of class IX (electrical, accessories for coolant system, wheel. and sprocket nuts, wedge bolts) Increases water and battery requirements Lacks land lines of communications Increases class V consumption Requires unit distribution Water resupply difficult Restricts communication Reduces responsiveness e Affects equipment Increases PM Increases on-site maintenance and repair to reduce evacuation Affects engine combustion Increases on-site repair to reduce evacuation Wheeled vehicle movement difficult with heavy loads (class V, howitzers) Increased mechanized/ motorized operation requires frequent displacements Restricts movement to mission-essential loads only Navigation difficult Poor roads Restricts ground mobility Potential for bottlenecks Increases use of helicopter support Increases use of hardened positions Requires obstacles clearing Increases road work and construction of helicopter landing sites e ., s: ., :::0 ""0 ~ """' ...... Decreases personnel tolerance to heat and disease Evacuation difficult Sanitation difficult Affects personnel Evacuation difficult 1\) 0 0 1\) 1\) 1\) ,i:.. 0 Table 2-1. Environmental Impacts on CSS-Continued 1\) 0 Environmental Factors Chemical/ Nuclear Jungle Supply Hampers resupply due to unit dispersion and avoidance of contaminated areas Restricts supply to mission-essential items for short-notice displacements Increases water requirement for decontamination Reduces ammunition carrying capacity Requires protective clothing, decontamination equipment, and special munitions Lack of all-weather roads hampers resupply -· Increases class V usage (reduces muni -~ tions effects) Increases deterioration of supplies Restricts loads to mission-essential items only Requires frequent air resupply and increases vulnerability of positions POL replenishment difficult Maintenance Transportation Decontamination of Requires vehicles to equipment difficult transport NBC/deconlamination equipment Increases requirement Trafficability difficult for PM Maintenance difficult lr'icrea·ses reliance on helicopter support Requires on-site Increases towing maintenance requirements Serviceability of winches essential General Engineering Increases use of fortifications Increases need to establish and harden positions Requires obstacle clearing support Health Services Hampers prevention and treatment of casualties Affects personnel Affects personnel Increases disease Evacuation difficult Requires preventative medicine and sanitation "TT s: "TT ::IJ ., ~ ...... ....... rl • FMFRPS-17-----------------------------------------------------2003 • Utilizing unit distribution and on-site maintenance. • Using standing operating procedures (SOP). • Establishing direct liaison between supporting and supported units. c. Flexibility. CSS must adapt to rapidly changing situations, missions, and concepts of operation. Flexibility can be achieved by: • Dispersing and duplicating CSS items at various locations on the battlefield. • Providing alternate CSS channels. • Maintaining CSS reserve. d. Economy. CSS must be provided at the least cost in terms of resources available and necessary to accomplish the mission. This means conservation of assets at all levels. However, economy must not hamper military' effectiveness or mission accomplishment. EffiCient recovery and repair of damaged equipment are essential. The use of local resources should be planned whenever feasible. Excessive expenditure of ammunition can be reduced by the application of weaponeering at the fire support coordination centers (FSCC) and tactical fire direction by the artillery fire direction centers (FDC). e. Attainability. Attainability is the ability to provide the minimum, essential supplies and services required to begin combat operations. Inability to attain the necessary support may jeopardize the mission. Units carry a .basic load tailored to meet basic operational requirements. Supply priorities are established as required by class or type of supply. Equipment condition affects attainability. f. Sustainability. Sustainability is the ability to maintain support throughout the operation. The artillery commander can enhance sustainability by: • Forecasting changing artillery CSS needs. • Maintaining accurate CSS status. • Conserving CSS resources. g. Survivability. Survivability is the degree an operation, personnel, and equipment can withstand a hostile environment. The artillery commander can enhance CSS survivability by: • Anticipating CSS requirements. • Planning rear area security. 2003. Artillery Planning Artillery planning is conducted continuously and concurrently at all levels. At the force level, the artillery officer prepares an artillery estimate of supportability and estimate of artillery requirements from a force perspective. The need for thorough, accurate estimates cannot be overemphasized. Artillery commanders and their staffs develop estimates based on their units' capabilities and requirements. Planning is coordinated at every level and accomplished in sufficient detail to allow subordinate artillery echelons to conduct concurrent planning. Estimates are prepared within the framework ofthe commander's estimate. FMFM 3-1, Command and StaffAction, provides the sequence of planning. a. FMF/MAGTF Artillery Officer. At the beginning of an operational planning phase, the Fleet Marine Force (FMF)/Marine Air-Ground Task Force (MAGTF) artillery officer estimates overall artillery requirements and determines the artillery's ability to provide effective, continuous support for each proposed course of action. The artillery officer prepares estimates of supportability and artillery requirements. An estimate of supportability (see app. G) analyzes the area of operations, enemy capabilities, and each course of action proposed to the commander and cites artillery advantages and disadvantages of each. An estimate of artillery requirements (see app. H) addresses the amount and type of artillery, ammunition, shipping, landing craft, aircraft, and special equipment. Special training requirements may also be identified. Combat planning data (see MCO 8010.1_), METT-T.factors, and experience are used in estimating requirements. Requirements submitted by artillery commanders are consolidated and analyzed, overall requirements 2·5 2004---------------------------FMFRP 6-17 refined, and final artillery requirements are presented to the FMF /MAGTF commander once the operational concept is determined. Continual requirement modifications are made as operational planning progresses. In amphibious operations, the MAGTF commander submits consolidated requirements to the commander, amphibious task force for review and fulfillment. After the scheme of maneuver and plan for supporting fires are determined, the artillery officer prepares the artillery plan of employment. The artillery plan of employment becomes the artillery fire plan (see FMFM 7-4, Field Artillery Support). b. Artillery Commander and Staff. The artillery commander and his staff examine the supported commander's course of action and subsequently his concept of operation to determine how artillery support can best be rendered. The artillery commander prepares estimates, issues guidance, establishes priorities, and allocates resources as required. Staff officers determine requirements and concerns from their functional area of responsibility (e.g., motor transport, communications). This planning may be conducted verbally, and in as much detail as permitted by the tactical situation and time available. Estimates of supportability (see app. G) are prepared and presented by the senior artillery echelon. Estimates of supportability can be prepared at lower echelons for separate operations and when :requested by the supported commander. Requirements are consolidated at the senior artillery echelon and forwarded through the chain of command. The artillery fire plan of the force operation plan/order, the operation plan of the higher artillery headquarters (as applicable), the fire support plan of the supported unit, and the artillery commander's estimate guide the artillery commander in the preparation of his own plan/order. At a minimum, artillery CSS plans must address the following: • Basic load and corresponding unit load plans. • Embarkation and debarkation requirements. • Ammunition plan which includes the required supply rate (RSR), controlled supply rate (CSR), procedures for requisition and issuance, available supply rate (ASR), number and location of ammunition supply points (ASP), supply dumps, special ASPs, and other facilities established by the CSSE. • Methods of resupply including type, frequency, priority of resupply, and procedures for night and emergency resupply. • Maintenance and service requirements. • Organization of resources for CSS (e.g., trains, MCTs) • CSS communication links. • External support requirements (e.g., engineers). • Casualty treatment and evacuation plan. • Anticipated problem areas. • Security for trains and rear area facilities. 2004. Evaluating CSS Data a. Basic Load. The following items affect the unit's basic load and impact planning data in the development of estimates and the logistic/CSS annex to the operation order. The information provided in the following subparagraphs is a guide and should be tailored to fit the needs of the specific tactical situation. By analyzing each CSS function, the artillery staff develops its CSS requirements and concept of support. The evaluation of CSS data centers around the unit's basic load. The basic load is the on-hand supplies required by a unit, the quantities of supplies that must be maintained by the unit, and transportable by the unit. Operational requirements, cargo capacity of unit vehicles, and methods and means of resupply affect the composition of the basic load and therefore affect CSS functions. The artillery commander may forward a recommendation through appropriate command channels for consideration by higher headquarters for the establishment of the basic load. The established basic load is expressed in terms of a day-of-supply (DOS) and a day-ofammunition (DOA). At the unit level, these terms are expressed in specific quantities. Unit vehicle load 2004--------------------------FMFRP 6·17 plans are then built around the established basic load. Basic loads may be transported as palletized or nonpalletized loads. b. Supply. Pre-calculated blocks of supplies can be allocated from several sources. These sources include prepositioned war reserves (PWR), organic unit operating stocks, operational deployment blocks, landing forces operational reserve material (LFORM), and prepositioned material in maritime prepositioning ships (MPS) or remote storage activities. These resources, as allocated by the MAGTF commander, constitute the supplies available to operational units. Supply is divided into 10 classes, as depicted in table 2-2, for planning, management, and administrative purposes. Table 2·2. Classes of Supply Class Description Subsistence: MAE, A and B rations, and water II Clothing, individual equipment, tentage, organizational tool sets and kits, handtools, and administrative and housekeeping supplies and equipment Ill POL: petroleum fuels, lubricants, hydraulic and insulating oils, liquid and compressed gases, bulk chemical products, coolants, de-icing and antifreeze compounds, and preservatives IV Construction material: installed equipment and fortification, barrier, and bridging material v Ground ammunition: munitions containing explosives; chemical, nuclear, or radiological weapons; or any item that is propelled, placed, or dropped to inflict damage VI Personal demand items: nonmilitary sales items VII Major end items: end products ready for intended use VIII Medical/dental materiel: medical-peculiar repair parts IX Repair parts: all repair parts, less class VIII, required for maintenance of equipment X Nonmilitary programs: military support programs not included in classes I through IX; e.g., agricultural, economic development (1) Class I · (a) Rations. Sufficient rations per individual must be carried in the artillery unit's basic load to provide subsistence through a ration cycle. One ration cycle, normally 24 hours, is designated as a DOS. The type of rations depends on the tactical situation, commander's guidance, and availability of messing facilities. Table 2-3 provides planning data for the transportation of rations. Table 2·3. Planning Data for Rations Ration Type Content (portion/packaging) Weight (lbs) per Unit Vol (ft') per Unit MRE 12 mealsI case 16.0 0.832 FBT 1200 FBTs/case 72.0 3.1 Cold Weather 6 meals/box 16.5 0.832 Supplement 100 servings I box 41.0 1.69 Sundries A 3 servings/ration 6.54 0.223 B 3 servings/ration 3.83 0.123 T (tray pack) 36 meals/module 70.0 4.5 (b) Water. Water requirements depend upon the tactical situation, personnel consumption, vehicle maintenance, decontamination, bath/shower/laundry availability and frequency, and method of transport/resupply. Planning must consider the establishment of water points and method of transport. Table 2-4 provides data for planning water requirements. (2) Class II. The basic load of class II items depends upon the tactical situation, commander's guidance, environment, and vehicle cargo space. Specific items, volume, weight, and replenishment factors are found in current tables of authorized material. (3) Class Ill. Class III consists of fuels and lubricants for vehicles and equipment. Class III items are carried in vehicle tanks, tankers, and mobile-loaded canned or drummed fuel containers. The S-4 must apply experience and the nature of the operation in calculating fuel 2·7 2004 --------------------------FMFRP 6·17 Table 2-4. Planning Data for Water Personnel Consumption (Gallons per Individual per Day) Planning factor of 47.5 lbs/1 ft3 per expeditionary water can. Climate Use Hot Temperate Cold Drinking' 3.0 1.5 2.0 Heat Treatment .2 .0 .0 Hygiene 2 1.7 1.7 1.7 Food Prep 0.0-4.5 0.0-4.5 0.0-4.5 Waste (10%) 0.8-1.3 0.7-1.1 0.7-1.2 1. Increase to 3.5 (hot) and 3.0 (temperate) for MOPP levels 3 and 4. 2. Personal hygiene (shaving, brushing teeth, washing hands, sponge bath). Vehicle Maintenance (Gallon per Vehicle per Day) 1. Estimate based on the radiator capacity (see table 2-7) and the number of vehicles. 2. Usage rates can be calculated using factors of 1.0 (hot and cold) and .5 (temperate). Decontamination Requirements depend on frequency, intensity, and location of attacks. Decontamination planning factors per individual/item are 7 gallons per individual 380 gallons per major end item i' requirements. Table 2-5 contains notional planFor example, an organization with a truck denning data for the transport of drummed or sity of 20, 5-ton vehicles operating in a Koreacanned fuels. Fuel requirement estimates are type environment would have the following determined by the following formula: fuel requirement (figures were extracted from tables 2-6 and 2-7): # of vehicles/equipment ff daily fuel usage rate ff consumption 20 vehicles x 5 hrs/day x 5.3 gal/hr = 530 gal/day rate © fuel requirement Table 2-6 provides notional planning data for daily fuel usage rates. To determine an estimate, select the statistical region approximat Table 2·5. Transportation Planning Data ing that of the operational area. Table 2-7 for Drummed Fuel provides notional planning data for consumption rates and' capacities for various items of equipment in the artillery inventory. Diesel Gasoline Kerosene ft3 lbs ft3 lbs ft3 lbs 55 gal drum 9.0 432 9.0 384 9.0 421 (4) Class IV. Class IV includes materials for 5 gal can .8 46 .8 41 .8 45 dunnage and preparation of gun positions and other battery areas. The required quantities 2·8 FMFRP 6·17 ---------------------------2004 Table 2·6. Estimates of Daily Fuel Usage Rates Statistical Region Equipment Type Alaska* Panama Canal * CONUS* Europe* Korea* Wheeled Vehicle Generators MHE Stationary Equipment M110 HOW IDLE XCNTRY 2NRDS M109 HOW IDLE XCNTRY 2NRDS 7 4 20 20 10 20 10 10 Data not available Data not available 8 20 20 10 4.1 1.9 4.1 6.2 1.9 2.9 10 12 12 12 4.0 6.0 5.5 4.0 6.0 5.5 5 20 20 10 6.5 3.6 6.0 4.1 6.0 5.5 * Hours of usage Table 2·7. Consumption Rates and Capacities Fuel Water Vehicle Equipment Rate (gal/hour) Tank (gal) Type* Radiator (gal) M923 M998 M49 M936 MC4000 60 kW GEN M12 DECON (refers to unit pump set) M109A3 M110A1 5.3 .7 5.3 5.3 4.0 .6 .6 15.0 15.0 70 25 50 139 35 90 135 320 D D M D D D G D D 12 7 9 12 6 11 500 20 25 * D -Diesel G -Gasoline M -Multifuel NOTE: Water usage rates are contained in table 2-4. 2·9 2004--------------------------FMFRP 6·17 Table 2·8. Class IV Transportation Planning Data Item NSN ft3 Weight (lbs) -· Bag, sand (bale) * 8105-00-285-4744 2.1 10 Barbed wire, 5660-00-512-3197 1.0 28 350 ft, spool Post, Fence, Metal (2ft) 5660-00-270-1588 3.0 24 (5 It) 5660-00-270-1587 11.0 99 Barbed wire, 5660-00-371-9494 4.4 62 Concertina * 200 bags per bale. depend on use and size of the position area. Table 2-8 provides transportation planning data for class IV material. Class IV planning determines the usage requirement of sandbags and lumber. Approximately 500 sandbags are required to completely harden a 5-ton truck. The number of sandbags required to prepare a gun position depends upon the size and degree of position preparation. Lumber requirements are determined by converting the estimated lineal feet of lumber into board feet using the following formula: thickness (in.) x width (in.) x length (in.)/12 = board ft. (5) Class V. The ammunition plan is developed as a result of determining class V requirements. The ammunition plan requires close and continuous coordination between unit commanders and operations and logistics officers at all levels. The commander provides guidance and establishes priorities for the ammunition plan. Operation and logistic officers work together in the planning and executi<;>n of the ammunition plan. Based upon the commander's guidance, operation officers identify the type, quantity, location/unit, and required time/date of the ammunition resupply. Operation officers must maintain accurate supply records and forecast required supplies in order to allow sufficient time for logistic officers to respond. Operation officers establish task organization in support of the logistic effort; e.g., the composition of trains. Logistic officers determine how to fulfill identified requirements and arrange for their distribution. Specific instructions must be established (through SOP, operation order, or letter of instruction) for requisition, procedures for issuance, and methods of distribution. Ammunition distribution is probably the unit's most cumbersome CSS effort. The development of an ammunition plan must consider consumption requirements, replenishment requirements, method of resupply, and ammunition management measures. (a) Consumption Requirements. Consumption requirements of conventional and special ammunition must be determined. The commander tailors the combat planning rates contained in MCO 8010.1_ based on his experience and the specific METT-T operational needs. Planning data, based on MCO 8010.1_, has been calculated for each type of unit/weapon and is provided in appendixes A through F. (b) Basic Allowance. Basic allowance (BA) refers to the initial distribution of a specified quantity of required ammunition for units entering combat. The size and composition of the BA must meet anticipated combat needs of the unit until resupply can be accomplished. Combat planning rates may be modified to meet special requirements. (c) Basic Load. The quantity and type of ammunition carried by the artillery unit as the basic load must maximize artillery effectiveness and be tailored to support operational requirements. To position the greatest quantity of ammunition forward, the commander may develop a load consisting of the types of ammunition which will maximize effectiveness. This may result in a basic load c c 2·10 FMFRP 6-17 --------------------------2004 consisting mostly of high usage ammunition. For example, the basic load of a unit engaged against a light armored threat may need additional dual-purpose improved conventional munition (DPICM) rounds. Low usage ammunition is identified as lethal and nonlethal ammunition rounds and is not available or required in large quantities. The impact of low usage ammunition on the outcome of the operation is less than that of high usage types. Ammunition usage rates may be impacted by the operation or phase of operation. Ammunition carrying capacities of artillery vehicles are depicted in table 2-9. The basic load of ammunition must be identified in the unit operation order. This provides data useful to the CSSE and liaison officers at the supported unit's FSCC. When the basic load is expressed as a DOA, the source should be identified to allow the user to determine a specific quantity and type. The basic load is expressed as: basic load = BA + I DOA (sustaining rate) (d) Mounting Out. BAs of class V stored with or near FMF units will be issued directly to embarking units prior to mounting out. The commander is responsible for withdrawing, issuing, and segregating the BA into the ship's load. Additional technical and supervisory assistance is provided by the service battalion, FSSG. The embarkation team commander supervises the actual loading. (e) Replenishment Requirements. Ammunition supportability depends upon the availability of ammunition in theater, transportation means available, and time available. The artillery commander must anticipate replenishment requirements. Class V landing Table 2·9. Ammunition Carrying Capacities Vehicle Caliber Projectiles Propellants M813/923 Prime Mover' 155mm 48 48 M813/923 Ammunition Truck 155mm 96 (GB) 336 (WB) 180 (RB & M119) 120 M105A2 Ammunition Trailer 155mm 24 (GB) 112 (WB)60 (RB & M119) 40 M109A3 155mm 36 36 M110A2 8-inch 2 2 M813/923 Ammunition Truck 8-inch 42 (WB) 160 M105A2 Ammunition Trailer 8-inch 12 (WB) 32 1 Combat-loaded. May be reduced by safety restrictions (net explosive weight) and vehicle load plan . .NOTES: Based on pure loads and single-type items (e.g., GB propellant) on skids. Based on cross-country capacities. Data may be reduced by road conditions and vehicle hardening requirements. ' Based on high explosive projectiles. Packing dimensions for ammunition contained in appendix I. 2004--------------------------FMFRP 6-17 the initial stages of the amphibious assault, artillery units maintain basic loads from floating dumps or from landing force supplies which are loaded for selective discharge. These sources sustain the artillery unit until the supply system is functioning ashore. 1 RSR. RSR is the estimated amount of ammunition required to sustain operations without restriction for a specified period. RSR is expressed in terms of rounds per weapon per day or DOA. Artillery commanders recommend to the supported tactical commander the quantity of artillery ammunition needed to support future tactical operations. These estimates are based on the mission, experience, and plan of operation. The tactical commander compares the consolidated RSR results with the ASR and the prevailing resupply conditions. Tactical commanders use the RSR-V to state support requirements for planned tactical operations to the MAGTF commander. g_ DOA. A DOA is the required quantity of ammunition per weapon, unit, kit, set, or using device for one day of combat. The artillery commander estimates the quantity and type of ammunition needed to sustain operational support. The DOA is expressed in terms of the assault rate, sustaining rate, or as a specific quantity by round. The assault rate represents the planned combat usage rate of the assault or during intense operations. The sustaining rate represents the planned combat usage rate :in the sustaining phases of combat. 3 ASR. The ASR is the allowable rate of consumption, considering available supplies and facilities. The MAGTF commander compares consolidated RSR(s) with available stockages. These sources include PWRs, LFORMs, and operating stocks. The allocation of ammunition is established as an ASR and expressed in terms of DOAs. The means of making the ASR available to using units is considered when establishing the ASR. This requires positioning ammunition supplies forward from which artillery trains can draw as the battle progresses inland. This may be accomplished through the establishment of successive ASPs and ammunition distribution points (ADP) and may require the tasking of ground and air assets for the transportation of ammunition. (f) Planning Ammunition Resupply. The following factors should be considered when planning ammunition resupply: • Rate and quantity of consumption. • Road network and distance from the battery positions to the ASP. • Tactical situation. • Availability of vehicles, personnel, and material handling equipment (MHE). • Availability of external or indigenous resources. External support may be provided using ground combat element (GCE) assets from the division truck company. Potential indigenous resources may include MHE, transport equipment, communications links, or storage facilities. • Support for special allowances; e.g., ammunition handling specialists (g) Ammunition Management Measures. Ammunition management requires careful planning and coordination by artillery, infantry, and CSSE commanders and their staffs. Ammunition management measures may include a CSR, establishment of ammunition expenditure limits, or ammunition status reporting. FMFRP 6·17 --------------------------2004 1 CSR. The tactical commander establishes a CSR to govern maximum consumption of available supplies for a specified time or situation. The RSR is considered in determining the CSR. Allowing a unit to exceed their CSR means other units will be cut back or an increase in CSR must be obtained from a higher command. Approval of CSR increases by a higher command can be waived in emergencies. _£ Establishment of Ammunition Expendi· ture Limits. Expenditure limits placed on the type of fires or expenditure rates used during a particular phase of the operation identifies suitable levels and prevents waste. The following are examples of limiting ammunition expenditures and the responsible command level: • Limit the ammunition expended on harassment and interdiction fires (established at MAGTF and division levels). • Limit the ammunition expended on counterfires in conjunction with the establishment of attack guidance (established at MAGTF and division levels). • Limit the ammunition expended during a particular phase of the operation (established at division and regimental levels). • Limit the ammunition expended on preparation fires (established at any level planning preparation fires). • Limit the quantity of ammunition to be expended in suppression missions (established at any level planning a suppression mission). • Provide attack guidance in order to identify priority, identify method of engagement by type, and prohibit attack of certain types of targets ( established at all levels). ~ Ammunition Status Reporting. Maintaining an accurate ammunition status is important in planning and establishing a responsive ammunition resupply system. An artillery unit's accurate recordkeeping identifies shortages before they become critical. Ammunition status reporting aids in establishing resupply priorities and forecasting subsequent operation consumption. Ammunition recordkeeping must be emphasized at each echelon. The procedures to be used must be identified in planning if not contained in unit SOP. The ammunition report (AMREP) is developed as a result of recordkeeping and assists in the maintenance of ammunition status. The AMREP should be submitted frequently enough to allow for operational or resupply decisions. The AMREP can be used as a trigger in an automatic or push supply system. The AMREP normally reports ammunition on hand, deficiencies or excesses for basic loads, and anticipated heavy expenditures. (6) Class VI. Unit personnel deploy with personal demand items as prescribed by commanders at each echelon. Replenishment of these items is procured from the CSSE based on pre-established planning requirements. (7) Class VII. Class VII's basic load consists of a unit's table of equipment (T /E) items. During the development of load plans, nonessential T /E items may be palletized. Palletized equipment can be off-loaded and stored in the rear area until needed. (8) Class VIII. Medical supplies are drawn from the CSSE. Battalion and regimental aid stations are authorized the following medical allowance list blocks: • 635-aid station equipment • 636-aid station consumables 2·13 2005 --------------------------FMFRP 6-17 (9) Class IX. Depending upon maintenance requirements, repair parts are demand supported. The S-4 coordinates with the CSSE to ensure adequate stockage of artillery repair parts/kits for mission-essential items. Quick, on-site repairs can .be accomplished through the use of PEBs. PEBs are not a substitute for stocking and ordering seldom-used and highdemand repair parts. The criteria for using PEBs is set forth in MCO P4400.150 and UM-4400-124. The decision by the unit commander to establish PEBs and what they may contain should not be made without considering the time and effort of maintenance personnel required to store, stock, inventory, and transport materiel. Artillery units carry enough PEBs for first and second echelon maintenance and to perform required repairs. PEBs provide ready-access to common, low-cost, high-usage hardware items. (10) Class X. This class of supply does not greatly affect planning. Class X supplies are procured from the CSSE when required. 2005. Transportation Planning transportation needs of artillery units is an important CSS aspect. Transportation plans must support operational and CSS requirements. Embarkation, landing, and surface movement must be planned in detail. Units are loaded in a manner which permits unloading according to the tactical plan. Accessibility to supplies and equipment aboard ship must be ensured. Mobile loads must allow for immediate operations upon landing. The tremendous amount of supplies requiring transportation by artillery units and the number of lengthy convoys during displacement creates a cumbersome logistic problem. Coordination of landing support, such as matting, facilitates rapid off-loading and prevents overcrowding of the beach area. Security and control of the movement from the beach to battery positions must be provided. Alternate plans addressing assembly areas or alternate battery positions should 2·14 be established. The status of road nets, weight limit of bridges, minefield marking, traffic control, and route priorities must be considered when planning transportation requirements. a. Embarkation. Careful planning and execution are required for the proper debarkation of artillery into the objective area. Transportation means and characteristics must be considered. The artillery unit embarkation officer provides embarkation requirements to the GCE as early in the planning phase as possible. The automated standard embarkation management system (SEMS) facilitates planning and execution of embarkation (see MCO P3120.6). The artillery unit embarkation officer establishes the necessary liaison; prepares load documents and load plans; and coordinates staging, material handling, shoring and dunnage requirements, working party requirements, and security requirements based on higher headquarters' guidance. FMFM 3-1, Command and StaffAction; FMFM 4-6, Movement ofUnits in Air Force Aircraft; and JCS Pub 3-02.2, Joint Doctrine for Amphibious Embarkation, provide detailed information on embarkation. (1) Organization for Embarkation. Normally, the artillery regiment controls embarkation of artillery. Artillery units may combine for embarkation or be embarked as attachments (in the cases of a BL T or RL T) and divided into embarkation teams for each ship. The embarkation team consists of the troops, equipment, and supplies embarked on a single ship. Attached or direct support artillery units are embarked with the supported unit. Batteries and battalions in general support are usually organized as separate embarkation teams to facilitate· control. Artillery weapons, prime movers, and their crews are embarked in the same sh:ip to facilitate training and maintenance while '.underway. Crew and equipment integrity inust be incorporated when possible. Dispersion of firing elements in assault shipping pro~ides a measure of security against losses at. sea. Artillery advance parties are embarked.so that they can most expeditiously accomplish their mission early in the landing FMFRP 6-17--------------------------2005 phase of the operation. The following artillery personnel are embarked with their supported units: • Fire support coordination personnel with the supported unit. • Artillery aerial observers with the squadron providing the aircraft. • Liaison personnel with their assigned units. • Forward observer teams with their supported units. (2) Shipping Requirements. The artillery commander plans shipping requirements based on the landing plan; availability of shipping; amount of artillery, ammunition, supplies, and equipment; and number of personnel. Waterborne artillery is normally embarked aboard amphibious assault ship (general purpose) (LHA), amphibious assault ship (multipurpose) (LHD), amphibious transport dock (LPD), dock landing ship (LSD), or landing ship, tank (LST). Helicopterborne artillery is embarked aboard amphibious assualt ship (LPH), LHA, or LHD shipping. Appendix J contains landing craft capacities for the transport of artillery units ashore. (3) Load Plans. Accuracy is stressed in the development of load plans. Artillery build-up ashore (advance parties, batteries, and battalion echelons) must be considered. Load plans address the composition of the reconnaissance party ahd provide for the establishment of survey control, communications, selection of battery positions, beach exits, route guides, and markings. The team embarkation officer prepares load plans in coordination with the ship's combat cargo officer. Ship loading and characteristic pamphlets (SLCP) identify detailed loading characteristics of assigned ships. An inspection is made of stowage areas, holds, and decks to verify the data contained in the SLCP. The ship's commanding officer approves the loading plan before loading commences and approves required changes. b. Helicopter Movement. Helicopters provide a means of mobility for towed weapons and a means of resupply for artillery units. Their use may be limited by availability, atmospheric conditions, and enemy threat. Successful movement of artillery by helicopter depends on the extent of coordination and reverse planning. Detailed planning and coordination are required between the artillery unit, supported unit, and helicopter unit. The supported unit's air officer provides technical assistance in planning helicopter operations. Briefings are conducted to disseminate information on present and future operations, current sortie requirements, weather and terrain, and review possible landing zones in the area of operations. In addition to the concept of operations, major considerations include: • Command, control, and face-to-face coordination conducted whenever permitted by the tactical situation. Ifrequired, command, control, and coordination may be executed from an aircraft. • Organization of the unit in relation to the mission. • Mobility of the unit once the helicopter lift is complete. • Reconnaissance and selection of ground and air routes, loading areas, landing sites, and position areas. • Preparation of helicopter employment assault landing tables. • Resupply, survey, and meteorological requirements. • Enemy situation may dictate armed helicopters to provide security for transport helicopters. • Possible use of division reconnaissance teams to determine ground threat in the position area. Helicopter movement of artillery units is conducted in four phases: planning, loading, movement (including movement control), and occupation of 2005 --------------------------FMFRP 6·17 position. The planning phase begins with the issuance of a warning order and continues through the commencement of the movement. The planning phase encompasses coordination with the supported and supporting units, reconnaissance and selection of positions, fire planning, and rehearsals if time permits. The loading phase consists of ground movement to appropriate pick-up areas; preparation of the helicopter loading area; preparation of troops, equipment, and supplies; and loading of helicopters. The movement phase is the actual move from the loading area to the landing site. This phase begins with the take-off of the first helicopter and ends with the arrival of the last helicopter at the landing site. The occupation of position phase consists of the establishment of the helicopter landing site by an advance artillery party, unloading of personnel and equipment, and occupation of the position. (1) Artillery Unit Responsibilities. (a) Helicopter Landing Zone Selection and Control. The artillery unit recommends the location of and controls (including communications) the landing zone (LZ). However, the helicopter unit provides advice on the selected LZ's suitability. During shipboard operations, the flight deck is the LZ. Flight deck control is provided by the ship. HST training and/or assistance may be requested from the landing support element of the CSSE. The artillery unit provides instructions to the transporting unit on the location of the LZ in which the load will be delivered, disposition of lifting equipment, and weight of load. During smallscale operations, communications and terminal guidance may be provided by · the artillery unit. Artillery personnel organize their respective areas and maintain contact with supporting helicopters. LZ selection and planning factors include size of the landing zone, accessibility, surface conditions, navigational aids, and suitable terrain. 1 L Z Size. The landing and maneuvering of helicopters varies with the size of the helicopter, lift formation, area's altitude, and tactical situation. These factors must be considered when determining LZ size. .£ Accessibility. Easy access to the LZ is critical. Areas that are difficult to enter or approach will hinder operations and resupply capabilities. 3 Surface Conditions. Loose debris can cause damage to a helicopter's engine or rotor blades. The landing area's surface should preclude excessive dust created by helicopter hovering. Material surrounding · the landing site should be secured. The position should be well drained. !_ Navigational Aids. Ifthe LZ is not easily identifiable from the air, navigational aids should be used to vector aircraft to desired locations. Navigational aids include ·panel markers, strobe lights, smoke grenades, and radios. Reconnaissance teams and HST personnel, through the use of electronic or visual means, can aid in terminal guidance and control of helicopters. An easily identifiable point of . reference; e.g., a marking T, should be established to direct the aircraft to specific :points in the pick-up and/or landing zone. 5 Suitable Terrain. Terrain should be suitable for defense. Itshould be located away from the most likely avenues of apptqach. (b) Cargo Preparation and Rigging. The artillery unit provides required materiels (padding, bumpers, tape, ropes, slings, nets, spreader bars) and prepares cargo for transportation. The artillery unit ensures that the cargo is properly rigged and hooked to the aircraft's hook unless that responsibility has been assigned to another unit. Slings for artillery pieces and vehicles must be carefully adjusted to prevent damage to the equipment. 2·16 FMFRPS-17-----------------------------------------------------2005 (c) Verification. The artillery unit verifies the (e) Loading. Artillery personnel are responweight of the load, equipment, supplies, and sible for loading the required materiel onto vehicles, including mobile-loaded cargo. the helicopter. The artillery unit supervises all external loading operations. (d) Personnel Placement. The artillery unit (2) Organization for Movement. Organization assigns personnel to plane teams and desigof the artillery unit for helicopter movement is nates a plane team commander. Plane team an integral part of the planning phase for immemanifests are prepared in triplicate: one copy diate employment upon landing. The artillery for the pilot, one copy to be retained for unit may be organized into three echelons: record on the ground, and one copy for the assault, resupply or follow-up, and rear. Table plane team commander. 2-10 shows notional battery lifts. Table 2·10. Notional Artillery Battery Lift Unit Echelon Lift# Load Composition1 M198 or M114 Platoo"n Advance Party 1 Personnel Commander (Platoon or Battery) FDC, COMM, Terminal Controllers Equipment AN/MAC 110 (mobile-loaded with necessary equipment) Advance Party 2 Personnel Gun Guides, Security Equipment MC-4000 Forklift Howitzer Section 3-6 Personnel Gun Section Equipment M198 or M114 Howitzer Piggyback 2 Resupply Echelon Remainder of platoon (personnel, equipment, supplies) may be transported by helicopter or linked up by ground means. M101A1 Battery Advance Party 1 Personnel Battery Commander FDC, COMM, Terminal Controllers, Gun Guides Equipment AN/MAC 110 (mobile-loaded with necessary equipment) Howitzer Section 2-7 Personnel Gun Section Equipment M101A1 Howitzer Ammunition Piggyback 2 ' Resupply Echelon Remainder of battery (personnel, equipment, supplies) may be transported by helicopter or linked up by ground means. 1 The actual load composition depends upon the type of helicopter and the lift capability. I 2 Quantlty of ammunition varies with the net type, helicopter lift capability, and type of ammunition and packaging. NOTE: The assault echelon is composed of both the advance party and howitzer section. 2·17 2005 --------------------------FMFRP 6·17 (a) Assault Echelon. Composition of the assault echelon varies with the assigned mission, available aircraft, and duration of the operation. Notionally, the assault echelon is composed of the advance party and a howitzer section. Generally, the assault echelon consists of the battery elements essential to the control or delivery of immediate support. The organization of the advance party depends upon the battery's composition and the time available for occupation. An advance party is normally led by the battery or platoon (in split-battery operations) commander and consists of enough personnel to initiate observation, communications, and survey. The advance party guides the battery into position. If possible, the advance party should contain a forklift. (b) Resupply or Follow-up Echelon. The resupply or follow-up echelon consists of combat support personnel, supplies, and equipment necessary to sustain the assault echelon until linkup or extraction occurs. Personnel, supplies, and equipment are transported to the assault echelon by air and/or surface means. (c) Rear Echelon. The rear echelon includes all personnel, supplies, and equipment not included in the assault and resupply echelons. The rear echelon supports the assault and resupply echelons by providing administrative, maintenance, and supply support in the rear area. (3) Loading. Loading of artillery for a helicopter movement may commence during the planning phase and continue through the movement phase. Both internal and external loads are used to transport artillery personnel, vehicles, equipment, and supplies. Piggyback loads permit the howitzer and ammunitionto be moved by one helicopter. The establishment of loads requires flexibility in planning the operation, loading of supplies and equipment, and conducting the operation. (a) Aircraft Load Data. The proposed load must be within the allowable cargo load limit of a particular aircraft. The artillery unit obtains the allowable cargo limit from the helicopter unit. Table 2-11 provides basic planning guidance for helicopter lift capacities and table 2-12 provides planning guidance for cargo net capacities. Table 2·11. Helicopter Lift Capacity Planning Guidance Helicopter Lift Capacity (lbs) • CH-46 4,500 CH-530 13,000 CH-53E 30,000 * Based on standard day conditions (15 ac, sea level, no wind or humidity) and 1 hour and 45 minutes of fuel onboard. Table 2·12. Cargo Net Capacity Planning Guidance Net Cargo Volume ft3 lbs - -A-22 Bag 66 2,500 5,000 Nei 125 5,000 10,000 Net 380 10,000 I (b) Pickup/LZ Organization. The artillery unit is responsible for pickup/LZ organization. Preparation of the pickup zone incl).ldes rigging loads, positioning marking devices, positioning equipment for rapid pickup, and controlling incoming aircraft. Initial load preparation should begin at least 2 hhurs prior to the arrival of the first aircraft. Loads are inspected by artillery 2·18 FMFRP 6-17--------------------------2005 personnel for completeness and compactness. Loose articles should be secured by artillery personnel; e.g., tents within 50-75 meters of the landing site or along the approach path should be lowered and secured. The battery retains its firing capability as long as possible. In organizing the pickup/LZ, the artillery unit will: • Attempt to reduce the number of airto-ground transmissions required for coordination. • Position loads to reduce flights over the battery, particularly resupply flights. • Position loads so that the aircraft can approach the LZ into the wind. • Facilitate rapid orientation of passengers debarking from the aircraft by using clock direction with reference to the nose of the helicopter. (c) Terminal Control. Terminal control and responsibility are established in the planning phase. The HST assists in helicopter control. In the absence of HST, the artillery unit controls the incoming aircraft in the pickup zone. The unit provides enemy situation, wind direction and velocity, surface conditions, landing direction, and clearance information to the flight. Landing site azimuth, field elevation, landing formation, and other information may also be provided when available. (4) .Movement. Final coordination and briefings are completed prior to lift-off of the advance party. Confirmation is made on the exact location of the LZ, radio frequencies, call signs, flight route, order of march, and number of sorties. The interval between the arrival and departure of helicopters depends upon the plan of maneuver, conditions in the LZ, and number of helicopters the LZ will accommodate. Ideally, the advance party should have sufficient time on the ground to prepare the site while the battery awaits the order to move forward. However, in fast-moving situations, the advance party may be followed by the remainder of the assault echelon by as little as 5 minutes. (5) Movement Control. Helicopter control is established through radio transmissions or a color-code system. Radio control is slow and requires numerous transmissions in order to complete a landing. The color-code system conspicuously displays a colored marker on the ground to identify the LZ. Each load is then assigned a color, which is conspicuously displayed on the load. The guide in the LZ wears an air-ground recognition vest or uses an airground recognition panel the same color as the assigned load. The pilot knows the color of his load prior to reaching the LZ. En route, the pilot notifies the terminal controller of the load's color and proceeds directly to the marked site or to the appropriate ground guide. To instruct the pilot, the ground guide uses arm-and-hand signals and wears a colored vest during daylight operations; at night, the ground guide uses colored lights or illuminated batons. The reference point used to guide the helicopter is the color-coded load or panel marker. The helicopter crew chief can guide the helicopter to its pickup or release point. The crew chief observes the load or the panel marker through the helicopter hook hatch and directs the pilot to the pickup or release point by means of the helicopter intercom. (6) Occupation of Position. During the planning phase of a battery operation, the battery commander tentatively selects the location of key installations, plans the organization of the prospective LZ, and coordinates procedures for control of aircraft during the occupation. Immediately after the advance party arrives in the LZ, the battery commander designates battery center and positions aT-marker. Howitzers are released as near their firing positions as possible. A guide for each howitzer section clears the immediate position area of any loose debris and obstacles, prepares the position to receive equipment, and displays a marking 2·19 FMFRP 6-17 2006 ------------------------- device of the same color as that assigned to his section. Once the battery is on the ground, standard firing battery procedures are followed. c. Fixed-Wing Air Transport. Artillery units can be transported by fixed-wing transport aircraft. Detailed and flexible plans are required due to the different models of available aircraft, weather, distance, staging, material handling, dunnage, and shoring requirements. d. Movement by Rail. Artillery units may be moved by rail. Planning factors that govern the rail movement include the distance to be traveled, availability of railroad facilities, and priorities established by the tactical situation. FM 101-10-112, Staff Officers Field Manual: Organizational, Technical, Logistic Elements, Tables ofEquipment, contains:details relative to the planning of rail movement. ' e. Motor Transport. Motor transport assets provide artillery with the organic ability to move units to position areas, as well as a means for resupply. The motor transport assets contained in the artillery unit's T/E are provided in appendixes A through F. An artillery operation's demand for motor transport is complicated by the vast tonnage of class V requirements. This requirement necessitates efficient loading for maximum tactical utilization and detailed planning. 2006. Maintenance Reliable maintenance support results from detailed analysis and planning. To effectively plan maintenance support, the S-4 must know the availability of tools, test equipment, publications, and mechanics; determine Marine Integrated Maintenance Management System (MIMMS)/Supported Activities Supply System (SASSY) availability; determine maintenance concept; establish MCTs; and establish recovery and evacuation procedures. a. MIMMS/SASSY Planning. A review of activity usage data, experience, and anticipated requirements based on the geographic area of the operation provides a guide as to the planned maintenance requirements. Liaison should be effected with the CSSE to ensure sufficient quantities of artillerypeculiar items are stocked. Availability and resupply policies of repair parts must address cannibalization, procedures for reclaiming repair parts, direct exchange, supply channels, and secondary reparable floats. b. Maintenance Concept. The planned maintenance concept must determine the level of centralization for maintenance activities. Technicians and mechanics (e.g., motor transport, ordnance, communications) must be positioned to best support the operation. Deployment and initiation of units into combat are normally decentralized, with centralized control being established as the build-up progresses. c. MCT. The formation and composltlon of MCTs must be planned. An MCT is a temporary organizatioq of organic assets consisting of one or more mechanics/technicians formed to accomplish a specific task. The MCT is dissolved upon completion of the task. An MCT is normally tailored to a commodity or weapon system and provides on~site maintenance or technical assistance. Utilization of :tvfCTs is restricted to periods of short duration and specific maintenance requirements. Th~ MCT consists of the minimum qualified personnel required to complete the job and is equipped with the minimum essential tools, test equipment, and material to perform the assigned maintenance~ Maintenance resources available at the equipmeht •site are utilized as practical. If required, an MCT is deployed to make an initial assessment of the maintenance requirements and a second team isthen sent to effect repairs. The decision to utilize MCTs depends on the following: • Equipment size and complexity. For example, it is impractical to transport large equipment to a shop. FMFRP 6-17--------------------------2007 • Equipment installation. For example, equipment installed in a fixed or semi-fixed manner. • Equipment security classification. For example, classified equipment· must be repaired in a secure area which precludes its movement to a train site or shop. • Distance from the maintenance area. For example, the road network, transportation requirements, and tactical situation may necessitate on-site maintenance. • Quantity of equipment involved. For example, large quantities of equipment requiring service are easier to repair on site. • Availability of qualified personnel and serviceable test equipment. For example, shortage of skills or test equipment may preclude the use of an MCT. • Availability of repair parts and supplies. For example, lack of repair parts or supplies may delay or prevent the use of an MCT. • Transportation and travel time. For example, consideration must be given to the type, size, and speed of available transportation; its ability to carry necessary tools and test equipment; and the MCTs' time spent away from the shop. d. Recovery and Evacuation Procedures. Artillery units have limited repair capabilities; therefore, recovery policies, maintenance repair time criteria, and an evacuation policy must be established. Maintenance repair time criteria serves as guidance on decisions of whether to attempt on-site repair or to evacuate damaged equipment. For example, repairs requiring more than 3 hours labor might be identified as requiring evacuation to the field trains. Collection points should be identified in planning to speed evacuation. Collection points are designated points on the battlefield, normally along routes of march, at which inoperable equipment can be moved for further evacuation/disposition. The artillery S-4 coordinates the location of collection points with the supported unit S-4 and CSSE. 2007. Health Services Providing rapid treatment and evacuation of personnel must be carefully planned. Unit medical personnel are responsible for establishing lines of communication with the GCE's and CSSE's medical activities. Casualty evacuation plans must consider: • Means of transportation • Ambulance positioning • Evacuation routing • Mass casualty handling procedures (reverse blank) 2-21 c FMFRP 6-17-------------------------Chapter 3 Chapter 3 Execution of Combat Service Support 3001. CSS Employment Artillery employment of CSS resources varies with the mission, assets available, and overall tactical situation. For example, support requirements for a slow-moving or static operation are different than those for a maneuver-oriented operation covering extended distances. Similarly, as the intensity of the battle fluctuates, the CSS concept must adapt. This chapter discusses methods of providing CSS to artillery operations. The techniques presented may be used independently or combined to fit the battle's needs. 3002. Artillery S-4 Duties. The S-4 is the overall coordinator for CSS within the unit. During operations, critical tasks performed by the S-4 (battalion and/or regiment) include supervising the implementation of the ammunition plan, recording and disseminating critical information, coordinating transportation requirements, and maintaining the status of ammunition stocks and transportation availability. a. Supervising the Ammunition Plan. The S-4 is responsible for supervising the implementation of the ammunition plan. This includes remaining abreast of the ASR, road net, issuance of ammunition, proposed operations, transportation availability, location of supply points, and anticipated consumption. The S-4 recommends, to the next higher echelon (S-4 or G-4 as applicable), movement of supply points farther forward when timely resupply to the unit becomes difficult. b. Maintaining Status of Ammunition. The S-4 is responsible for maintaining an accurate inventory of available ammunition. The S-4 coordinates with the S-3 to maintain the organization's ammunition status. Ammunition status affects tactical decisions such as the method of attack. c. Recording and Disseminating Information. The accurate recording and dissemination of information is critical. The S-4 is responsible for the appropriate recording of the overall ammunition status, available transportation, and status of mission-essential equipment. The S-4 disseminates CSS information to subordinate units and exchanges information with the supported unit's S-4 and CSSE as required. A CSS situation map and status board are maintained by the S-4. While the layout and array of data may vary from unit to unit, the S-4's CSS situation map should include, at a minimum, the data contained in table 3-1. d. Maintaining Status and Coordination of Transportation. The S-4 maintains up-to-date transportation data which reflects the status of trans portation within the organization. The S-4 assists the S-3 in the tactical movement of troops, equipment, and materiel. The S-4 maintains the status of traffic data and road nets through the use of engineer reports, etc. Accurate traffic data is critical to the movement of supplies, support, and batteries. The S-4 coordinates the movement of supplies, such as ammunition, with the supported unit and CSSE. The S-4 develops, maintains, and provides traffic schedules, traffic routes, and road priorities as required. Road priority determines allocation of road space to subordinate artillery units. The S-4 provides traffic data and transportation availability data to the S-3. The S-3 publishes march graphs which graphically show the location of units during displacement or when the main supply route (MSR) is congested. These graphs provide the means 3·1 3002 FMFRP 6-17 Table 3·1. CSS Situation Map Item Train locations MSRs Tralfic Control Points Release Poinl Slart Point Collection Points USMC logistic or Administrative Installation Supply and Maintenance Supply Points Medical Activity Hospital Aid Station Graves Registration Service Engineer Units Support Maintenance Facilities lZ(s)/DZ(s) Marshalling Areas Tactical Situation (if operating separately from 5·3) Symbol b==d ~ CD ~ ~ 8 8 8 8 8 § a @ ASP.Y @ ou-v ® ffi EB ® lrnl ~ 1>-<1 @E 8 Remarks Include actual and proposed Include obstacles and barriers Maintenance EPW Straggler Salvage Water Ammunition (ASP) Ammunition Dump Petroleum Boundaries, , unit locations (actual and proposed) FSC measures, as applicable, (such as FFA, CFl, etc.), preplanned targets • Passage Points ~ c Checkpoints ~ FMFRP 6·17 -------------------------3004 to establish priorities based on the rate of march, time length of the column, distance to be covered, and tactical advantages expected (in cases of displacement). 3003. Concept of Support Artillery units are organized with varying degrees of organic CSS capabilities. Some functions are distributed to each echelon within the regiment. Each battery has a supply, maintenance, and ammunition section. Other functions remain at the battalion or regiment. The artillery regiment has certain capabilities not found in the organic structure of the battalion. This requires the artillery unit to task-organize for support. Operational considerations may require that some or all of the CSS functions be task-organized into a centralized CSS element. The artillery battalion's and regiment's internal CSS organization must complement that of the GCE and CSSE. a. Artillery Relationships Within an MEF. The organization for CSS support is organized at the battalion level by the battalion S-4. A battalion's CSS requirements depend upon the assigned tactical mission. Each battalion organizes internally to conduct CSS activities. Regimental support is provided as required. A battalion's CSS requirements are consolidated at the regimental level. Requirements exceeding the capabilities of the regiment are passed to the division and supporting CSSE for action. The regiment exercises management and coordination of the overall CSS effort within the organization in order to support critical items that affect the artillery's ability to support the force. The regiment coordinates the efforts of the regimental headquarters battery and the battalions. Technical assistance and support are provided to the battalions as required. The regiment may, in conjunction with the FSSG, conduct resupply operations to the battalions. In addition to organic regimental CSS, the FSSG may assign detachregimental S-4 serves as an advisor, planner, coordinator, and supervisor. The regimental S-4 works closely with the regimental S-3, special staff officers, battalion S-4 officers, division G-4, and appropriate FSSG staff sections. b. Artillery Relationships Within an MEB. The battalion draws augmentation from the regiment upon deployment. The battalion is provided with meteorological support, and, depending on the task organization, radar technicians and engineer support. The battalion S-4 works closely with the battery officers, battalion S-3, special staff officers, supported infantry regiment S-4, and BSSG. c. Artillery Relationships Within an MEU. The detached battery must rely on its organic capability and the support provided by the supported BLT and MSSG. The battery is augmented with battalion CSS assets upon deployment. For example, the battery may be augmented with mechanics, communications-electronics and ammunition technicians, and corpsmen. 3004. Battalion Organization The battalion's CSS efforts are organized to support the firing batteries. Batteries must remain capable of providing continuous, effective support achieved by their ability to shoot, move, and communicate. The battalion's organization for support may be decentralized, centralized, or a combination and change with the tactical situation. a. Decentralized Support. Within the battalion, batteries may be required to maintain CSS capability using their organic assets. The battery is supported from a rear agency as required. Decentralized support affords the battery commander maximum control and responsiveness. Decentralized support has the following disadvantages: • Vulnerability results from larger position areas m ments to provide CSS to the regiment. The and convoys. 3·3 3005--------------------------FMFRP 6-17 • A signature effect may be produced by vehicles moving to and from the battery position. • Battery displacements while CSS elements are replenishing may create difficulty in reconstituting the battery. b. Centralized Support. When centralized support is established, it must not degrade the battery's ability to displace. Personnel, vehicles, and equipment may be centralized at the battalion level to provide CSS to firing batteries. Generally, a battery contains only the essential personnel, equipment, and supplies necessary to support operational requirements. Trains are established and utilized to provide CSS to a firing battery. Centralization provides the battalion commander control of the CSS effort and reduces the battery's CSS burden. However, centralized CSS elements must remain dispersed to avoid becoming a vulnerable target. 3005. Trains The establishment, organization, and purpose of trains varies with the mission, enemy activity, terrain, weather, and time and assets available. Trains may be organized to function from one location or echeloned into separate elements at multiple locations. a. Train Composition. Train formation requires battery and battalion vehicle consolidation. Various factors affect train organization, but the primary criteria is mission support. .Battery mobility requirements must be considered when determining the number of vehicles that can be consolidated into trains. Trains are task-organized using the unit's organic CSS assets. Trains provide CSS to units organic or attached to the battalion. (1) Unit Trains. Unit trains centralize the CSS assets of the supported unit at a single location under the direct control of the unit commander. Unit trains are appropriate in slowmoving or static situations or when the tactical situation requires self-sustainment. Unit trains facilitate control, security, and planning of CSS. The unit trains' disadvantage lies in its difficulty to be responsive, difficulty in displacement, and it is a moving target for the enemy. Unit trains may be operated by the regiment. The regiment conducts limited train resupply operations and service in support of the battalions. The extent of the regiment's support capability depends upon vehicle availability. Regimental trains are dispatched from the regimental support area located in the rear area. These trains provide support to forward battalion trains in the form of class I, III, V, and VIII resupply. Also, regimental trains can support the regimental headquarters battery. Even though the regiment is capable of providing tnl.in service to a battalion, CSSE/CSSD remains the main link for resupply. Battalions submit their CSS requests to the regiment by messenger, radio, etc. (2) Battalion Trains. Typically, a battalion trains' CSS assets are organized into either combat or field trains by the commander. Echelonment into combat and field trains provides immediate, responsive support tailored to the situation; flexibility in usage; and increased survivability of assets. Combat trains provide critical battlefield support and are located forward with the batteries. Combat trains carry critical CSS items; e.g., rations, water, POL, ammunition, maintenance with recovery capability, medical support. Field trains operate farther back, with or near supported units. Field trains ar:e organized from elements not included in the combat train. Field trains include the remaining assets of the maintenance, ammunition, supply, and mess sections. The composition of a notional battalion train is provided in table 3-2. b. Positioning Trains. The battalion S-4 selects train locations for CSS operations in coordination FMFRP 6·17 --------------------------3005 Table 3·2. Element Combat Train Field Train Notional Composition of Battalion Trains Capability Qty Supply Class I 1 Ammunition* 6-8 1 POL** 1 Maintenance*** 1 Medical 1 Other**** Supply 1 Maintenance 1 Medical (BAS) Administrative Ammunition* Vehicle/Equipment M923 w/M149 M923 w/M105 MC-4000 M49 M936 M1035 M923 M936 Aid station As required As required * Ammunition section accompanies the combat train as required. Vehicles represent those provided by the firing batteries and the headquarters battery. The ammunition section's train may operate independently from the combat train. * * Augmentation of additional tankers from regiment or CSSE may be required. * * * May include MCTs or recovery equipment. * * **Engineer, landing support, NBC equipment, and personnel as required. with the S-3. The combat train site must be far enough forward to be responsive, but not where it can be overrun. A combat train site should have the following characteristics: • Defendable terrain, good cover, and concealment. • Away from terrain features which might facilitate targeting by the enemy. • Sufficient space for dispersion of vehicles and activities. • Firm ground for ammunition carrying vehicles and fuel tanker movement. • Suitable landing site. • Road net to batteries. • Suitable communications with forward and rearward units. • Water source. The field train site, in addition to the above, must be positioned to facilitate turnaround time to and from the regimental support area and the CSSA. Built-up areas are excellent locations for field trains. Built-up areas provide cover, concealment, and shelter for the conduct of maintenance, particularly at night. c. Displacing Trains. Proper positioning of trains will minimize displacement. Since train displacements are not tied directly to the movement 3·5 3005--------------------------FMFRP 6-17 c c of batteries, thorough and efficient planning for their movement can be planned and executed. Trains can be echeloned to permit continuous CSS for the battalion. The battalion S-4 monitors/ anticipates battle needs and displaces the combat train for responsive support. d. Conducting Train Operations. (1) Route Selection. The battalion S-4 selects the supply route for train operations based on unit location, roads, and enemy location/situation. The route extends forward to the batteries. Coordination with adjacent combat, combat support, and CSS units is necessary to ensure movement of support assets both forward and to the rear. Alternate routes should also be selected. The S-4 notifies the S-3 of route selection. (2) Unit Distribution. Trains may deliver supply/service support directly to a battery. The battalion S-4 coordinates with the battery by radio, messenger, etc., to ensure that tactical operations are not affected by movement of the train into and out of the firing position. (3) RRP. Mobility is an integral element in providing CSS and may be achieved with the establishment of RRPs. RRPs are pre-arranged or hastily selected points which provide rearm, refuel, or repair services. RRPs allow the positioning of support functions as far forward as possible. RRPs shorten the response time to supported units, which is critical to the resupply of trains carrying ammunition. The composition and type of support provided by the RRP is mission dependent and identified in RRP requests. An RRP request identifies the following: • Unit requiring support. • Class and quantity of the requirement. • Type of support required (maintenance, engineer). • Desired date and time of resupply. • Route of march (start point and end point by grid). • Coordinating instructions. Combat trains may establish an RRP to a displacing battery at a coordinated point along the unit's established route of march. In order for this type of support to be effective, coordination and timing between the battalion S-3, S-4, and the supported battery are essential. Time must be allotted for set-up and servicing without affecting the battery's mission. RRPs may be established to service multiple batteries in succession. :However, it is best employed to provide a single battery's support, followed by recovery to the battalion's field train or other rear area f~cility for replenishment. (a) Site Selection. The battalion S-4 determines a suitable location for the RRP. Once the site is determined, the S-4 notifies the battery of the location and time for resupply through the use of an RRP response. An RRP response identifies the following: • Unit being supported. • Coordination point of site. • Date ,and time of support. • Coordinating instructions (including quantities if different from request). The site selected should be on or near the battery's route of march. The site should not block the MSR. The S-3 uses checkpoints to identify the intended route and coordinates with the battery. The S-4 conducts a map analysis and ground reconnaissance to identify the site. Site selections are dependent upon terrain, tactical situation, and train composition. The site should have an identifiable entry and exit. Sufficient space should be available for dispersion .of vehicles/ activities.. (b) RRP Organization. The RRP is organized to support the CSS effort. The location of each activity must facilitate the FMFRP 6·17 --------------------------3006 movement of vehicles in an orderly and sequential flow. Time-consuming functions (e.g., diesel refueling, ammunition resupply, ammunition retrograde) should be positioned to allow for simultaneous activity; e.g., maintenance checks during refueling. Ground guides and/or signs are posted to direct the flow of traffic through the site. Figure 3-1 illustrates a typical RRP layout. ·:~.:~; ~J Wrecker/ A":~:rade J Retriever 7 Figure 3·1. Replenishment and Repair Point Layout. (c) RRP Operation. When the battery arrives at the site, the following sequence of events is notional: • Designated personnel dismount at the coordination point to assist in local security. • Guides direct vehicles to their respective stations. • Vehicles move to designated refuel points. • Ammunition retrograde is dropped off while ammunition carriers await to be refueled. • Battery forklifts are moved forward to assist in ammunition loading. Unscheduled maintenance requirements that exceed the time available for repairs at the RRP are completed by an MCT at the umt's next position. The S-4 determines vehicles requiring evacuation and they are retained by the train for towing to the appropriate echelon of support. Ifa replacement vehicle is not available, the unit must cross-deck equipment, supplies, and personnel on another vehicle or shuttle. As vehicles complete their required stops, they move to the assembly area to await reconstitution of the battery convoy. Personnel receive medical attention as required. 3006. Security Planning and establishing train and rear area security is critical. Security threats come from the air, bypassed enemy units, infiltrators, guerrillas, indirect fire weapons, mines, and enemy combat formations that have broken through forward units. Lack of security can result in the loss of CSS. Regardless of MOS, every Marine is an infantry man and is expected to participate in establishing and maintaining security. Depending on the extent of the threat, security personnel may be provided from the battalion itself and/or from the supported unit. A security plan is established by the S-4 and determines all-round defense through the use of reaction teams with assigned sectors of responsibility. Reinforcement plans are established with adjacent or nearby units. Fire plans are prepared for the use of supporting arms. Listening and observation posts are established for early warning and dissemination of threat information through intelligence channels. Establishing internal communications, preferably wire, and visual and/or sound signals are paramount to security. Defensive positions and sectors of fire are pre-arranged and addressed in the security plan. 3·7 3007 ---------------------------FMFRP 6·17 Because of the limited number of personnel, potential threats must be assessed quickly in order to determine the strength and direction of attack. Reaction teams are maneuvered to counter the threat. a. Train Security. Train security in the rear area, during convoy, and at halts must be provided. Conducting replenishment operations under the cover of darkness, with special emphasis on light and noise discipline and radio silence, reduces the vulnerability of trains. During convoy, train personnel must be prepared to defend themselves. Tactical convoy discipline must be practiced at all times. Well rehearsed, immediate action drills for blocked and unblocked ambushes and attacks are critical. Passengers have individual weapons ready and are assigned areas of observation, including air observation. Crew-served weapons are positioned to respond to attacks. Train personnel establish all-round security during brief1 halts and in the rear area. During extended halts, improved security measures must be unde'rtaken by all members. b. Rear Area Security. Security consists of passive defensive measures and early warning. CSS elements may be collocated to facilitate security. First-line defense for security of the rear area is CSS personnel. Rear area security measures include dispersion, camouflage, noise and light discipline, cover and concealment, fortification, obstacles, and barriers. ' 3007. Supply Execution a. Classes of Supply (1) Class I (a) Rations. Periodic resupply of combat rations (meal-ready-to-eat) are planned and delivered by train or RRPs. Hot rations are provided as permitted by the taCtical situation. Hot rations are transported from the battalion, regiment, or CSSE mess facility in vat cans for distribution to units. Hot rations are delivered to the batteries directly, or through a ration distribution point cen . trally located in the battalion area. (b) Water. Water is carried in Ml49 trailers (400 gal capacity), plastic expeditionary water cans (5 gal capacity), and canteens carried by individuals. Water points are established in the BSA/CSSA to facilitate supply point distribution. The S-4 informs subordinate units of water point locations as they are established. (2) Class II. Replacement of lost, destroyed, or worn out equipment is obtained using normal requisition channels. Class II items are delivered by helicopter, fixed-wing aircraft, motor transport, or railway. (3) Class Ill. A key to the refueling effort is for each unit/driver to refuel at every opportunity; e.g., during trips to the rear area. Special attention must be given to the refueling of ammunition hauling vehicles. Coordination is essential to refuel these vehicles as they routinely move to and from the ASP or ADP for resupply. Fuel should be recovered from disabled vehicles whenever possible. Packaged grease and lubricants are obtained through normal supply channels and distributed as required. Generally, refueling operations are carried out as follows: • A fuel tanker is taken to battery gun/vehicle position. • Vehicles are alternated to a centrally-located fuel site. • Fuel is provided by battalion, regiment, and/or CSSE tankers. • Vehicles are refueled during RRP operations which allows other support/service requirements to be conducted concurrently with refueling. 3·8 FMFRPS-17--------------------------------------------------3007 (4) Class IV. Requisitions for class IV items are submitted through normal supply channels. Distribution is the same as class II, except that fortification and barrier materials may be throughput by CSSE. Materials are issued on an as-required basis. (5) Class V. Ammunition distribution is probably the most complicated and vital CSS operation performed by an artillery unit. Detailed class V support is provided in paragraph 3008. (6) Class VI. This class of supply is replenished as required by the unit and its personnel. Resupply is made through CSSE established resupply points as the operation permits. (7) Class VII. Replacement items are provided by the CSSE. If available, major end items are replaced on a one-for-one basis as a result of maintenance failures and battle losses. Appropriate transportation means are utilized to move supplies from the rear area to the using unit. (8) Class VIII. Medical supply of battalion aid stations are provided through the regimental aid station or through the appropriate CSSE. Unit corpsmen receive supplies through the battalion aid station. (9) Class IX. PEBs are established and maintained per MCO P4400.150 and UM-4400-124. PEB repair parts may be stocked at the organic unit's (battalion) supply section as operating stocks based on the FMF commander's decision, demand, and geographic separation from normal supporting supply activities. Ifauthorized by the force or MAGTF commander, high-demand repair parts may also be stocked at repairable or materiel issue points in close proximity to the supported maintenance facilities. Repair parts are issued in response to requests or by direct exchange. (1 0) Class X. Class X supplies will be procured from the CSSE as required. This class includes supplies relative to civil affairs. b. Supply Operations. The supply system provides the material required for operating forces to function. The unit's needs are the basis of supply operations. Continuous evaluation must be made of supply levels to determine the need for possible changes. The S-4 must be aware of the unit's basic load and anticipate the extent and frequency of supply operations. Changes in supply requirements are affected by: • Projected tactical changes. • Changes in troop/equipment density. • Supply availability. • Transportation availability. Requisition and issue are the first and last steps in the distribution process. The actions between must be smooth and responsive. Logistic summary reports are prepared by the S-4 and provide the means to maintain the status of supplies. The report's contents and frequency of submission are established by unit SOPs. Resupply can be accomplished by using a pull and push system. (1) Pull System. In a pull system, the using unit determines need and forwards specific requests through logistic communication channels. The S-4 reacts in accordance with the nature of the request and the tactical situation. (2) Push System. The push system functions as an automatic resupply method which is activated by a report. Data from the logistic summar-Y and ammunition reports are compared to the unit's basic load in order to determine what supplies are required. The S-4, in coordination with the S-3, replenishes the difference. This system pushes supplies forward, relieving the forward units of the CSS burden and/or potential shortage of supply. Care must be taken to avoid an excess of supplies as the operation changes. 3·9 3008 ---------------------------FMFRP 6·17 3008. Ammunition Operations Ammunition resupply is one of the most vital CSS operations. A properly functioning class V support system provides the correct type and quantity of ammunition at the proper time and place. The system is tailored to fit the needs of the unit. The system incorporates the positioning of resources, maintenance of status, and concept of support. The class V support system adjusts to changes in the tactical situation, fire plan, and ammunition plan. Frequent and continuous coordination between the artillery, infantry, and CSSE are essential. a. CSSE Responsibilities. The CSSE maintains ammunition stocks at various locations in the objective area. A key requirement for class V support is the positioning of stocks as close as possible to the using units. This requires the establishment of successive ADPs, ASPs, and ammunition dumps-class V (DU-V) and the use of trains and RRPs. Just as the GCE commander identifies ammunition supply requirements, he must also identify and ensure transportation support is available for the resupply effort. Itis essential that the artillery commander makes frequent and accurate projections of ammunition requirements to the GCE commander in order to allow time for repositioning and prioritizing resupply efforts. (1) Ammunition Company, Supply Battalion, FSSG. The ammunition company is assigned the mission of establishing ammunition dumps and operating supply points for class V supply. The FSSG, through its supply battalion and ammunition company, controls the flow and distribution of class V from .rear ammunition dumps to forward ASJ>s and laterally to adjacent units. The FSSG or its detachments provide combat supply and maintenance support for nuclear and chemical weapons. The supply battalion stocks special types of class V items and provides detachments specialized in assisting user units; e.g., EOD/NW platoon. Nuclear and chemical weapons require special consideration in combat operations, especially with respect to safety, security, transportation, and handling. Nuclear and chemical supply support is unique-it incorporates nuclear and chemical class II and class IV items into the class V support system. The supply battalion performs all functions incident to the receipt, storage, issue, and fielding of nuclear and chemical material. (2) ASP. An ASP is a supply activity established by the CSSE for receipt, storage, assembly, issue and/or distribution; limited salvage; and surveillance of class V items for subordinate units or other ASPs within the MAGTF/CSSE landing force. ASPs are normally assigned support missions for specific units or other ASPs. A stockage level is maintained at the ASP with a specified quantity (DO A), but the level may vary with the requirements of the operation. ASPs are positioned as far forward as practical for the tactical situation. The ASP is the source of replenishment for the unit's basic load. (3) DU·V. This is a temporary supply site established for the storage of munitions. Ammunition dumps are used primarily by the CSSE in amphibious operations during buildup of ptescribed supply levels ashore. Dumps can be established inland as an emergency supply source. As operations progress, dumps may transition into ASPs and vice versa. (4) ADP. The ADP is a point at which class V supplies are distributed directly to using units by the CSSE. The ADP maintains no stocks. Items are drawn from ASPs and are issued to the requesting unit as soon as possible. The physical location and degree of permanence depends on the tactical situation. ADP operations transfer ammunition to artillery resupply vehicles to support the periodic or daily resupply needs of units. Successful ADP operations require interface between the CSSE and the artillery unit in order to supervise the timing of deliveries and loading of vehicles with the proper type of ammunition. The artillery 3·10 FMFRP 6·17 -------------------------3008 unit should provide an individual knowledgeable in ammunition handling; e.g, projectilefuze combinations, to function as an ammunition officer when interfacing with the CSSE. Frequent coordination between the artillery S-3 and S-4 and the ammunition officer allows for responsive resupply of ammunition in the required quantities and types. b. Artillery Responsibilities (1) Artillery Regiment. The regiment coordinates the movement of ammunition within the organization. Class V flow to battalions is coordinated with the division and FSSG. Emphasis is placed on special munitions whose lethality can influence the outcome of the battle. (2) Artillery Battalion. The artillery battalion is responsible for the following: (a) Ammunition Vehicle Load Plans. Vehicle load plans are developed around the basic load of ammunition, as this constitutes the greatest transportation demand. Load plans are developed for ease of access to supplies once they are placed on vehicles and to support resupply operations. The load plan facilitates replenishment of the gun sections and resupply of the vehicle itself. A vehicle is designated to carry a single type and lot of ammunition if possible. The basic load of ammunition may require units to carry only mission-essential equipment. Nonessential equipment can be palletized and staged for later use. In dynamic operations, the ammunition is serviced from mobile-loaded vehicles to allow for frequent displacement. In static operations, there may be a requirement to download ammunition to free up vehicles for replenishment. (b) Ammunition Train Composition. After load plans have been developed, tnmsportation assets are designated in support of the resupply effort. Designated vehicles are used to form an ammunition train. The ammunition train normally operates as part of the combat train or independently. (c) Tailored Ammunition Packages. An ammunition package's content is based on experience, unit requirements, and flexibility. Proposed quantities may exceed organic hauling capacity. The demands on external support and the tactical situation limit the availability of these assets. The artillery commander uses ammunition packages tailored to enhance artillery effectiveness to the supported unit. Tailored ammunition packages allow for greater quantities of high usage munitions to be carried on ammunition vehicles. Low usage ammunition; e.g., F ASCAM, may be carried by a designated battery, platoon, or section. This allows other units to adjust their basic load in order to carry greater quantities of high usage ammunition. (d) Ammunition Resupply and Delivery. A basic principle for responsive ammunition support is the positioning of supplies as far forward as possible to reduce turnaround time. This is achieved by establishing unit priority for delivery and by selecting the method of resupply based on the tactical situation. Decentralized operations require battery ammunition sections to operate independently, drawing resupply directly from ASPs or ADPs. Battalion assets are formed into small ammunition trains for selective augmentation of battery sections. The S-4 monitors the location and disposition of vehicles. This method is difficult to coordinate and maintain in dynamic situations. Centralized operations provide a high degree of control, flexibility, and unit support. Centralized operations consolidate some of the battery's ammunition section assets into an ammunition train controlled by the battalion S-4 and ammunition officer. Methods of operation range from daily resupply to 3·11 3008--------------------------FMFRP 6-17 continuous movement of ammunition train vehicles to and from ASPs or ADPs to firing positions. Regardless of the degree of centralization, batteries must retain organic ammunition vehicles to carry basic loads and move ammunition within battery position areas. Ammunition may be delivered directly to battery positions by the regiment, battalion, ·or CSSE trains. Distribution to batteries depends on the location and configuration of the position and the ability to download ammunition. Advance coordination ensures rapid and efficient resupply. Vehicles with large hauling capacities (semitrailers and logistic vehicle systems) move large quantities forward. Helicopters also provide transportation support if ample lead time is allowed for tasking and coordination. Inplace deliveries to howitzer sections are desired. Deliveries can also be made by exchanging loaded vehicles from the battalion ammunition train with empty vehicles of a battery's ammunition section. As a unit expends a particular type of ammunition from a vehicle, a train vehicle carrying a like-load is brought to the battery. The empty vehicle is retrieved from the battery's ammunition section and returned for resupply as a part of the battalion ammunition train. The loaded vehicle remains with the battery ammunition section. The exchange of loaded vehicles for empty ones reduces handling and turnaround time for the train. The use of preconfigured ammunition packages and vehicle load plans facilitates this exchange. This technique is particularly adaptable to high usage munitions. (e) Prepositioned Ammunition Stockages. Ammunition is downloaded at batteries or battalions as a means of prepositioning ammunition in the forward area. Based on anticipated requirements, ammunition is moved forward during lulls. Ammunition can be positioned for a specific purpose; e.g., formation of tactical ASPs to support intense periods of consumption. In defensive operations, stockpiles in battery areas support periods of increased expenditure; e.g., countermechanized fires. In offensive operations, a series of stockpiles may be established in battery positions as well as future positions to support assault expenditures. If circumstances preclude the expenditure of prepositioned quantities, ammunition is reported as excess and re-allocated. (3) Tactical ASPs. Tactical ASPs may be formed byartillery units in forward areas. The reduced turnaround time for resupply offsets the required download of ammunition. The ammunition is brought in by CSSE trains, helicopters, and/or artillery trains. Tactical ASPs can function from loaded vehicles and/or stockpiles on the ground. Advantages of tactical ASPs include: • Ammunition upload and unit displacement can occur concurrently. • Ammunition distribution is conducted at a distance from forward positions for survivability. • Drivers become familiar with their routes. • Unit vehicles are dedicated to the movement between the ASP and their respective positions. • Emptied train vehicles move to and from the rear ASP. Disadvantages of tactical ASPs include the need for multiple handling, downloading, time, and assets. Tactical ASP site considerations include: • Area large enough to segregate ammunition by type and lot. • Area adequate for night operations. • Area provides adequate camouflage and concealment. FMFRP 6·17 -------------------------3008 • Area supports movement of MHE and heavy vehicles. • Area not unduly affected by adverse weather. The physical loading of ammunition vehicles must be organized to prevent the possibility of bottlenecks. A traffic plan that creates a smooth flow of vehicles is required. Time can be saved by developing a plan for the loading of prime movers and trailers in separate areas to facilitate simultaneous loading. The requirement for excess backing of vehicles with trailers should be reduced. To control congestion, the commander establishes unit priority for entering the site and using the MHE. (4) Ammunition Management. Ammunition management is a continuous process performed by all units during a battle. Accurate recordkeeping is a critical part of ammunition managemeJ;It and must be practiced by all artillery units. Expenditure controls, rationing, and restrictions on firing must be practiced. The following paragraphs address additional actions which affect ammunition management. (a) Weighting the Battlefield. The positioning of units and ammunition and the assignment of fire support priorities allows commanders to weight various sectors of the battlefield. While this is a tactical aspect, its employment has logistical implications. The battlefield requires the availability of sufficient supply levels and the time and means for distribution. The assignment of priorities occurs by designating an element to receive priority of fire, establishing a priority to a particular type of fires (e.g., counter battery fires), or identifying priorities for unit resupply. (b) Unit Interaction. Interaction between supporting and supported staffs (including fire support coordination personnel) must be emphasized. Unit commanders providing fire support must be informed of possible plans that require large quantities or special types of ammunition. Supporting commanders, often through their liaison representatives with the supported unit, stay abreast of possible courses of action so that support can be coordinated. For example, the delivery of a preplanned family of scatterable mines (FASCAM) minefield may require the repositioning ofthe firing unit and/or the allocation of a sufficient quantity of ammunition. (c) Controlling Ammunition Issue. Maximum effort must be given to the issue of ammunition by lot segregation. Issuance and distribution of the minimum lots of projectiles, propellants, and fuzes contribute to the gunnery solution and maximizes available carrying capacity. Recording the ammunition lot allows reports on condition, performance, and accidents in which ammunition is involved. (d) Gunnery and Weaponeering Applica· tion. Prudent fire support planning, fire planning, and fire direction contribute to sustaining operations. Sound fire direction techniques reduce the need for survivability moves and increase ammunition effectiveness. Thus, the logistical burden of ammunition resupply is reduced. (e) Supply Rate Evaluation. RSR and ASR evaluation is a continual process. The responsible unit forecasts expenditures to ensure that sufficient quantities, transportation, and time are available to ensure the required support. (f) Basic Load Evaluation. The basic load and its method of transportation may change to meet the requirements of the tactical situation. · (g) Maintaining ·Technically Qualified Personnel. Qualified personnel must be maintained at various command levels to assist in the planning and operation of class V support operations. · 3·13 3009-----------------------------------FMFRP 6-17 (h) Supply Economy Enforcement. Restricting and controlling firing practices conserves supplies and reduces the logistical burden of ammunition resupply. Firing needs should be determined, fire plans established, and target priorities set to control the need for resupply. (i) Contingency Planning. The commander may set aside a portion of available supplies for emergencies or to help support the exploitation of an unexpected opportunity. 3009. Maintenance Operations A unit's ability to sustain combat operations rests on the ability to perform on-going maintenance. An effective maintenance program must incorporate the allocation of personnel and time, availability of repair parts and tools, and command emphasis at alllevels. · Commanders ensure that equipment is properly maintained by personnel under their q>ntrol. Commanders monitor maintenance programs to ensure preventive maintenance (PM) which minimizes failures and ensures the smooth flow of repair parts and equipment for corrective maintenance (CM) when failures do occur. a. Maintenance Support. Organizational maintenance is performed as fat forward as the tactical situation allows and keeps the equipment in the hands of the user. As with other CSS functions, the commander establishes a maintenance program to maximize assets. This may result in the centralization of the maintenance effort at the battalion level. Battalion or regiment MCTs or CSSE MCTs may be used to perform or assist in on-site malfunction diagnoses, adjustments, alignments, repair, or replacement of end items or major assemblies. The unit commander's degree of control depends upon mission of unit, overall tactical situation, and proficiency of unit maintenance personnel. Adequate stockage of repair parts is required to support the maintenance effort. High usage parts should be held as far forward as possible. (1) PM. PM is the foundation of a good maintenance program. The program includes systematic servicing and inspecting, correcting failures before damage occurs, and proper use of equipment. Early and thorough PM prevents minor discrepancies from becoming major problems requiring extensive repair. PM must be scheduled at definite intervals as the tactical situation allows. The aim of PM is to prevent CM. (2) CM. When equipment becomes inoperable, it should be repaired on-site at the lowest possible level. The maintenance of high-priority, mission-essential equipment and the establishment of priorities for turn-in of replacement items enhances operational readiness. Battery-level maintenance is limited to certain organizational maintenance services and minor repairs. When the required maintenance exceeds the ability of the battery and cannot be performed on-site by an MCT, equipment is evacuated to the next higher echelon. PEB levels should be maintained within each shop to ensure the availability of PEB items. Demands will be expeditiously submitted when requirements become known. The exact responsibility for repair of an item of equipment is determined largely by the type of equipment. (a) Vehicles. The battalion motor transport officer will dispatch an MCT to examine disabled vehicles and repairs will be made on-site if possible. Ifa vehicle cannot be repaired, it is evacuated and repaired at the battalion. Ifthe repair requires intermediate level maintenance, the battalion maintenance section evacuates the vehicle to the CSSE for repair. If evacuation is hampered by lack of time or capability, the vehicle may be moved to a maintenance collection point along the supply route where itis picked up by the CSSE. FMFRP 6·17 --------------------------3009 (b) Communications-Electronics Equip· ment. Organizational maintenance of communications-electronics equipment is performed by artillery personnel. On-site repair is preferred. Communicationselectronics equipment that may require maintenance includes communications equipment (e.g., radios, telephones); weapon-locating radars; electronics equipment; and test, calibration, and diagnostic equipment. Equipment repair and responsibility are delegated as follows: • Communications-electronics equipment requiring repair is evacuated to the battalion communications platoon. If the discrepancy cannot be remedied by the battalion, the equipment is evacuated to the regimental electronics maintenance platoon. The electronics maintenance platoon performs authorized echelons of maintenance (first through fourth) on all artillery electronics equipment. • Radar equipment repair support includes second echelon, on-site repair provided by the counterbattery radar platoon. Third and fourth echelon maintenance is performed by the CSSE. • General-purpose test, measurement, and diagnostic· equipment is calibrated and repaired by the electronics maintenance company, maintenance battalion, FSSG. (c) Engineer Equipment. Engineer equipment mechanics and electrical equipment repairmen are provided as required by the "regiment. Second echelon maintenance is conducted by qualified maintenance personnel attached to the using unit or an M CT dispatched from the regimental engineer section. The regimental engineer section is responsible for the evacuation of malfunctioning engineer equipment. (d) Ordnance Equipment. Weapon repair is performed by the individual/crew, battery armorers, or artillery mechanics. If these individuals cannot repair the weapon, a CSSE MST is requested for on-site weapon repair. Ifon-site repair is not feasible, the weapon is evacuated. If extensive time is required for repair, a replacement item from the CSSE stocks'may be issued, if available, based on approval of the commander controlling the assets. b. Maintenance Site Selection. Maintenance site selection is governed by the following fixed, physical characteristics: terrain, weather, tactical situation, size and mission of the unit, and the missions's maintenance requirements. Variables that impact maintenance site selection are addressed below. (1) Adequate Space. The maintenance area must be large enough to disperse equipment and maintenance activities. (2) Suitable Terrain Features. The terrain should offer concealment from ground and air observation; favor defense against air or ground attacks; facilitate local security; hardstand for vehicles and equipment; and accessibility to road, water, and air routes for evacuation and resupply. (3) Route Access. Access routes should avoid congested areas, be convenient to maintenance facility users, and be accessible to MSRs. Easy access to supported units and evacuation of equipment are critical elements .. (4) Proximity to Supported Units. The site should be positioned to allow the maintenance activity to effectively perform its mission. It should be located far enough from supported combat elements to allow continuity of maintenance operations. (5) Proximity to Other CSS Elements. The area should be located in close proximity to other unit logistic elements to enable common facilities and services. .. · · 3~15 3010 --------------------------FMFRP 6-17 (6) Maintenance Area OrganizatiQn. The following should be considered when organizing the maintenance area: • The facility should be organized in accordance with equipment density and anticipated maintenance workload. • Structures are erected to protect equipment from the climate. • Drainage patterns must be considered. • Generators must be positioned to provide adequate support throughout the area. • Defensive positions must be accessible to the place of work. • Storage areas will be designated for fuel and other flammables. • Firefighting equipment must be positioned. • Maintenance area points of access and egress need to be established: • Traffic will need to be regulated within the maintenance area. • Protection for personnel and equipment must be provided. c. Recovery and Salvage. Commanders are responsible for the recovery of their.. ~wn disabled vehicles to facilitate repair efforts ~and prevent destruction or capture by the enemy. Recovered vehicles are inspected, repaired, and placed in operation at the lowest level possible. Vehicles that cannot be repaired on-site by the unit m: an MCT are towed to the next higher maintenance' agency dr collection point. Ifa vehicle cannot be tepaired, it is 'I ' reported as disabled. The report includes the, location, number and type of vehicles, a?d condition. Battery collected salvage materiel is eyacuated to a battalion collection point by vehicles: making supply trips to the rear. Battalions usmilly operate a collection point in the vicinity of their maintenance area. Salvaged, excess, and damaged items evacuated to the battalion are turned in forevacuation to CSSE. Vehicles which cannot be r1epaired; e.g., burned or demolished vehicles, are removed! from the traffic pattern. The location and: condition of these vehicles are reported to higher :headquarters through CSS channels. d. Captured Materiel. Captured materiel is collected and evacuated under S-2 supervision. Captured materiel is always reported to the next higher headquarters where it provides a source of intelligence information. e. Equipment Destruction. Destruction of vehicles or equipment may be necessary to deny enemy use. The decision to destroy equipment is made only on approval delegated by higher authority. When ordered, destruction is accomplished quickly, efficiently, and uniformly. Plans for destruction should be prepared in advance and incorporated into unit SOPs. f. Cannibalization. Cannibalization is limited to the exchange of serviceable/unserviceable parts between like items of unserviceable equipment within the same battery/battalion. Cannibalization is performed only in specified conditions established by the MAGTF commander. 3010. Engineer Operations Engineer operations in artillery units include preparation/hardening of unit positions; utility support; and nuclear,. biological, and chemical material handling and decontamination support. Artillery units may receive support from several sources, including the regimental engineer section, division engineers, and/or the engineer support company from the CSSE. Engineer personnel and equipment are provided to battalions m batteries as the need and mission dictates. Types of equipment and quantities of people, equipment, and support are determined by the regimental engineer officer in conjunction with the regimental S-4 and requesting unit. a. Battery Position Preparation. The more preparation a position receives, the longer the battery can remain in place; therefore, its fire support is more effective. Artillery commanders establish work priorities based on an analysis of threat capability. Position improvement is continuous; the longer the c c FMFRP 6-17 --------------------------3010 preparation. Position improvements include: • Hardening positions. • Parapets around each gun and the FDC. • Protection for ammunition. • Defensive positions (individual and crew-served weapons). • Extensive camouflage (including camouflage of parapet and excavation). b. Vehicle Positions. Vehicle positions are prepared to provide protection for essential vehicles, such as ammunition, supply, maintenance, communications, decontamination equipment, and refuelers. The positions are randomly placed throughout the battery area. The vehicle pit is designed with an opening on each end for drive-in access/ egress or with a rear wall having only one entrance-way. The vehicle pit is of sufficient depth to position the top of the vehicles at least 1 foot below the surrounding walls. The positions can be deep-cut or constructed with a soil parapet to reduce the pit's depth. Camouflage netting is placed across the position. c. Weapon Emplacements. Weapon emplacements are constructed to provide additional protec tion for prolonged occupation. For towed artillery, the emplacement should be constructed using minimum excavation and a surrounding parapet to achieve the desired level of protection. The position may require the construction of a firing platform, usually constructed of M8Al matting. Positions for self-propelled weapons are either dug in or a parapet is built around the weapon. Attention must be given to ensure that the position is as level as possible, allows for direct fire capability, and permits rapid exit. The sighting requirements (aiming circle, aiming posts, etc.) of the weapon must be considered in the construction of emplacements. The use of overhead cover for the weapon is difficult to provide without restricting the firing capability. The dimensions of the emplacement vary with the weapon type and the positioning of the prime movers. Table 3-3 provides dimensions for various artillery vehicle positions. d. Ammunition Shelters. Ammunition shelters should be located and constructed to protect ammunition against the weather and enemy fire. They should be large enough to hold the desired quantity of ammunition close to the firing position. They can be constructed in a weapon emplacement parapet. Ifit is necessary to construct an ammunition shelter above ground, partiq.Ilarly where their is a high water level, a log crib built up with dirt is suitable. Table 3-3. Artillery Vehicle Position Dimension's Vehicle Dimension (ft) Equipment Min Parapet Type Length Width Depth • Hours •• Thickness Towed Weapons M101A1 40 40 3 1.0 8 M114A2 50 50 3 1.0 8 M198 60 60 3 1.5 8 Self-Propelled 70 18 5 2.0 8 5-ton Truck 38 14 5 1.0 3 w/Trailer 50 12 5 1.5 3 1 %-ton Truck 20 13 9 0.7 2 %-ton Truck 18 12 7 0.6 2 * Total depth includes any parapet height. For deep cuts, double the depth and construction time. All depths are approximate and will need adjustment for surrounding terrain. * * Divide construction time by .85 for rocky soil, hard soil, or night conditions. Use of natural terrain features will reduce construction time. (reverse blank) 3-17 c FMFRP 6·17------------------------Appendix A Appendix A Planning Data for Headquarters Battery, Direct Support Structured Battalion Personnel E1·E5 E6·E9 01-03 04-05 Totals USMC 147 28 13 5 193 USN 3 1 5 9 Totals 150 29 18 5 202 Selected Major Equipment Item Authorized Embarkation Data Cargo Capacity for Authorized Qtys Qtys Ft' Lbs Ft' Gals Lbs M923 Truck, Cargo, 5-ton 6 1,248 137,268 3,045 60,000 M 1 05A 1 Trailer, 1%-ton 2 192 5,340 519 6,000 M149 Trailer, Water 2 202 5,060 800 M998 Truck, Utility 10 1,060 50,600 885 25,000 M1008 Truck, Cargo, 1 %-ton 5 600 43,000 355 14,500 AN/MAC 110 Radio Set 2 212 10,400 AN/MAC 138 Radio Set 5 530 26,750 JOM-1 Steam Cleaner 2 70 2,200 LUB/SVC Unit 118 5,610 M1305 Truck, Ambulance 106 5,361 M49A2 Truck, Fuel 1 185 15,022 M936 Truck, Wrecker 2 470 76,932 Totals 4,993 383,543 A·1 App A FMFRP 6·17 - Class V Small Arms Combat Planning Rates Basic Allowance Assault Sustaining DODIC/Description Rds* Ft' Lbs* Rds* Ft' Lbs* Rds* Ft' Lbs* OA068/5.56 Tracer 1,370 .82 56 466 .28 19 203 .12 8 OA071/5.56 Ball 47,950 28.8 2,033 3,259 1.9 138 1,422 .85 60 OA1318/7.62 6,400 7.4 600 773 .9 73 428 .5 40 OA363 9 mm 808 1.3 24 42 .06 5 OA576/.50 cal 1,600 9.6 632 389 2.3 154 217 1.3 86 08567/40 mm CS 20 .64 37 6 .19 11 5 .15 9 08504/40 mm GS 3 .08 4 1 .03 1 1 .03 08535/40 mm WS 20 .52 22 3 .06 3 2 .04 08546/40 mm HEDP 30 .64 22 15 .33 11 08542/40 mm LKD 1,152 21.9 2,000 332 6.3 576 176 3.36 306 OG940/Smk Gren Grn 2 .13 4 1 .08 2 OG945/Smk Gren Vel 3 .18 6 2 .11 2 OG950/Smk Gren Red 2 .13 4 .07 2 OG937/Gren HD 2 .1 3 .05 2 OG930/Gren HD Smk .06 2 .06 2 e OG900/Gren HD Inc .06 3 .06 3 OG881/Gren HD Frag 22 1.0 34 9 .4 13 OH557A/66 mm 202 141.2 1,926 2 1.5 18 .6 8 OH581 A/Anti-armor 10 7.1 97 .6 8 .6 8 OL306/Sig Red St .03 2 .03 2 OL307/Sig Wh .04 2 .04 2 OL311/Sig Red St .04 2 .04 2 OL312/Sig Wh 2 .1 4 2 .05 2 OL314/Sig Grn .05 2 1 .05 2 OL323/Sig Smk Red .06 2 .06 2 OL324/Sig Smk Grn .06 2 .06 2 OL495/Fiare Trip 3 .2 6 2 .12 4 Totals 219.36 7,431 17.0 1,102 9.16 582 • Rounds and weight have been rounded up to the nearest whole figure. A·2 FMFRP 6-17------------------------Appendix B Appendix B Planning Data for M-198 Battery (8-Gun), Direct Support Structured Battalion Personnel E1·E5 E6-E9 01-03 Totals USMC 163 10 11 184 USN 3 3 Totals 166 10 11 187 Selected Major Equipment Item Authorized Embarkation Data Cargo Capacity for Authorized Qtys . Qtys Ft' Lbs Ft' Gals Lbs M923 Truck, Cargo, 5-ton 20 4,160 457,560 10,150 200,000 M105A1 Trailer, 1112-ton 10 960 26,700 2,597 30,000 M149 Trailer, Water 2 202 5,060 800 M998 Truck, Utility 11 1,160 55,660 974 27,500 AN/MRC 110 Radio Set 4 424 20,800 MC4000 Forklift 2 227 16,000 M198 Howitzer 8 1,595 124,800 Totals 8,728 706,580 App B FMFRP 6·17 c Class V Small Arms Combat Planning Rates Basic Allowance Assault Sustaining DO DIC/Description Rds* Ft' Lbs* Rds* Ft' Lbs* Rds* Ft' Lbs* OA068/5.56 Tracer 1,570 .94 64 534 .32 22 232 .14 10 OA064/5.56 SAW 3,200 6.4 195 499 1.0 30 260 .52 16 OA071/5.56 Ball 54,950 32.9 2,330 3,735 2.2 158 1,630 .98 69 OA131B/7.62 6,400 7.4 600 773 .9 73 428 .5 40 OA363 9 mm 810 1.3 24 42 .06 1 5 OA576/.50 cal 2,400 14.4 949 584 3.5 231 326 1.9 129 08567/40 mm CS 20 .64 37 6 .19 11 5 .15 9 08504/40 mm GS 3 .08 4 1 .03 1 .03 1 08535/40 mm WS 20 .52 22 3 .06 3 2 .04 2 08546/40 mm HEDP 180 3.8 132 30 .64 22 15 .33 11 08542/40 mm LKD 1,152 21.9 2,000 332 6.3 576 176 3.36 306 OG940/Smk Gren Grn 2 .13 4 1 .08 2 OG945/Smk Gren Vel 3 .18 6 2 .11 2 OG950/Smk Gren Red 2 .13 4 .07 2 OG937/Gren HD .05 2 .05 2 OG930/Gren HD Smk .06 2 .06 2 OG900/Gren HD Inc 1 .06 3 .06 3 e OG881/Gren HD Frag 20 .9 31 8 .37 12 OH557A/66 mm 186 130.0 1773 2 1.5 18 .6 8 OH581A/Antiarmor 9 6.5 89 .6 8 .6 8 OL306/Sig Red St .03 2 .03 2 OL307/Sig Wh .04 2 .04 2 OL311/Sig Red St .04 2 .04 2 OL312/Sig Wh 2 .1 4 .05 2 OL314/Sig Grn .05 2 .05 2 OL323/Sig Smk Red .06 2 .06 2 OL324/Sig Smk Grn 1 .06 2 .06 2 OL495/Fiare Trip 3 .2 6 2 .12 4 ,, Totals 226.78 8,219 19.39 1,228 10.4 652 • Rounds and weight have been rounded up to the nearest whole figure. c 8·2 FMFRP 6-17 -------------------------App B Class V Artillery Ammunition Combat Planning Rates Basic Allowance Assault Sustaining DO DIG/Description Rds* Ft' Lbs* Rds* Ft' Lbs* Rds* Ft' Lbs* 0501/Proj ADAM-L 8 6.8 782 15 12.3 1,407 11 8.8 1016 0502/Proj ADAM-S 8 9.5 874 27 32.0 2,972 5 5.8 524 0503/Proj RAAMS-L 16 19.4 1,764 17 19.8 1,852 8 9.3 805 0505/Proj ILLUM 64 54.7 6,256 57 49.1 5,630 30 25.4 2,893 0509/Proj RAAMS-S 16 19.4 1,764 24 30.1 2,734 5 5.8 529 0544/Proj HE 192 158.9 17,808 202 167.0 18,698 83 69.0 7,717 0550/Proj WP 64 53.0 6,600 32 26.5 3,300 13 10.6 1,320 0563/Proj DPICM 64 54.8 6,432 345 295.2 34,652 134 114.4 13,427 0579/Proj HE RA 64 119.2 5,816 56 104.3 5,089 32 59.6 2,908 0548/Proj SMK 64 54.8 6,640 26 22.4 2,739 15 13.2 1,577 Projectile Subtotals 560 550.5 54,736 801 758.7 79,073 336 321.9 32,716 0532/Prop M203 67 199.8 8,042 59 64.1 1 '117 34 36.6 638 0533/Prop M 119 114 230.0 4,708 173 350.0 7,228 70 140.0 2,891 0540/Prop M3A1 131 140.0 2,457 192 202.0 3,549 79 82.9 1,456 0541/Prop M4A2 312 236.0 9,455 458 347.3 13,938 191 144.7 5,810 Propellant Subtotals 624 805.8 24,662 882 963.4 25,832 374 404.2 10,795 ON285/Fz MT M577 185 12.3 598 509 30.5 1,654 202 12.1 656 ON286/Fz MTSQ M582 13 .94 44 11 .78 39 7 .4 22 ON340/Fz PO M739 190 280.0 663 184 272.0 642 80 117.7 278 ON464/Fz PROX M732 75 5.9 295 74 5.9 289 34 2.4 134 ON278/Fz MTSQ M564 58 4.2 199 34 2.4 117 14 .97 48 ON331/Fz PDCP M78 4 .25 16 4 .2 16 2 .09 7 ON276/Fx MTSQ M501 67 3.1 232 27 1.1 93 16 .63 54 Fuzes Subtotals 592 306.69 2,047 843 312.88 2,850 355 134.29 1,199 ON523/Primer M82 588 2.9 239 849 4.2 341 352 1.7 142 Totals - 1,665.89 81,684 - 2,039.18 108,096 - 862.09 44,852 *Rounds and weights have been rounded up to the nearest whole figure. (reverse blank) B-3 FMFRP 6·17------------------------Appendix C Appendix C Planning Data for M-114 Battery (8-Gun), Direct Support Structured Battalion Personnel E1-E5 E6-E9 01-03 Totals USMC 163 10 11 184 USN 3 3 Totals 166 10 11 187 e Selected Major Equipment Item Authorized Embarkation Data Cargo Capacity for Authorized Qtys Qty Ft' Lbs Ft3 Gals Lbs M923 Truck, Cargo, 5-ton 20 4,160 457,560 10,150 200,000 M105A1 Trailer, 1Yz·ton 10 960 26,700 2,597 30,000 M149 Trailer, Water 2 202 5,060 800 M998 Truck, Utility 10 1,060 50,600 885 25,000 AN/MRC 110 Radio Set 4 424 20,800 MC4000 Forklift 2 227 16,000 M114 Howitzer 8 1,536 101,600 Totals 8,569 678,320 FMFRP 6-17 App C c Class V Small Arms Combat Planning Rates Basic Allowance Assault Sustaining Rds* Ft' Lbs*DODIC/Description Rds* Ft' Lbs* Rds' Ft' Lbs* OA068/5.56 Tracer 1,570 .94 64 534 .32 22 232 .14 10 .52 16 OA064/5.56 SAW 3,200 6.4 195 499 1.0 30 260 OA071/5.56 Ball 54,950 32.9 2,330 3,735 2.2 158 1,630 .98 69 .5 40 OA131B/7.62 6,400 7.4 600 773 .9 73 428 OA363 9 mm 810 1.3 24 42 .06 1 5 584 3.5 231 326 1.9 129 OA576/.50 cal 2,400 14.4 949 08567/40 mm CS 20 .64 37 6 .19 11 5 .15 9 08504/40 mm GS 3 .08 4 1 .03 1 .03 1 20 .52 22 3 .06 3 2 .04 208535/40 mm WS 08546/40 mm HEDP 180 3.8 132 30 .64 22 15 .33 11 3.36 30608542/40 mm LKD 1,152 21.9 2,000 332 6.3 576 176 2 .13 4 1 .08 2OG940/Smk Gren Grn 3 .18 6 2 .11 2OG945/Smk Gren Vel 2 .13 4 .07 2 OG950/Smk Gren Red .05 2 .05 2 OG937/Gren HD .06 2 .06 2 OG930/Gren H D Smk 1 .06 3 1 .06 3 e OG900/Gren HD Inc .37 12 OG881/Gren HD Frag 20 .9 31 8 OH557A/66 mm 186 130.0 1,773 2 1.5 18 .6 8 OH581 A/Anti-armor 9 6.5 89 .6 8 .6 8 .03 2 .03 2 OL306/Sig Red St .04 2 .04 2 OL307/Sig Wh .04 2 .04 2 OL311/Sig Red St 2 .1 4 .05 2 OL312/Sig Wh .05 2 .05 2 OL314/Sig Grn .06 2 .06 2 OL323/Sig Smk Red 1 .06 2 .06 2OL324/Sig Smk Grn 3 .2 6 2 .12 4OL495/Fiare Trip 10.4 652 Totals 226.78 8,219 19.39 1,228 *Rounds and weighthave been rounded up to the nearest whole figure. c C-2 FMFRP 6-17 -------------------------App C Class V Artillery Ammunition Combat Planning Rates Basic Allowance Assault Sustaining DODIC/Description Rds* Ft' Lbs* Rds* Ft' Lbs* Rds* Ft' Lbs* 0501/Proj ADAM-L 8 6.8 782 15 12.3 1,407 11 8.8 1,016 0502/Proj ADAM-S 8 9.5 874 27 32.0 2,972 5 5.8 524 0503/Proj RAAMS-L 16 19.4 1,764 17 19.8 1,852 8 9.3 805 0505 Proj ILLUM 64 54.7 6,256 57 49.1 5,630 30 25.4 2,893 0509/Proj RAAMS-S 16 19.4 1,764 24 30.1 2,734 5 5.8 529 0544/Proj HE 192 158.9 17,808 202 167.0 18,698 83 69.0 7,717 0550/Proj WP 64 53.0 6,600 32 26.5 330 13 10.6 1,320 0563/Proj DPICM 64 54.8 6,432 345 295.2 34,652 134 114.4 13,427 0579/Proj HE RA 64 119.2 5,816 56 104.3 5,089 32 59.6 2,908 0548/Proj Smk 64 54.8 6,640 26 22.4 2,739 15 13.2 1,577 Projecticle Subtotals 560 550.5 54,736 801 758.7 79,073 336 321.9 32,716 0540/Prop M3A1 236 256.3 4,472 337 365.9 6,386 142 154.2 2,691 0541/Prop M4A2 353 267.2 10,766 504 381.5 15,372 212 160.5 6,466 Propellant Subtotals 589 523.5 15,238 841 747.4 21,758 354 314.7 9,157 ON285/Fz MT M577 185 12.3 598 509 30.5 1,654 202 12.1 656 ON286/Fz MTSQ M582 13 .94 44 11 .78 39 7 .4 22 ON340/Fz PO M739 190 280.0 663 184 272.0 642 80 117.7 278 ON464/Fz PROX M732 75 5.9 295 74 5.9 289 34 2.4 134 ON278/Fz MTSQ M564 58 4.2 199 34 2.4 117 14 .97 48 ON331/Fz PDCP M78 4 .25 16 4 .2 16 2 .09 7 ON276/Fz MTSQ M501 67 3.1 232 27 1.1 93 16 .63 54 Fuze Subtotals 592 306.69 2,047 843 312.88 2,850 355 134.29 1,199 ON523/Primer M2A4 588 2.9 239 849 4.2 341 352 1.7 142 Totals 1 ,383.59 72,260 1,823.18 1 04,022 772.59 43,214 *Rounds and weights have been rounded up to the nearest whole figure. (reverse blank) C-3 c FMFRP 6-17------------------------Appendix D Appendix D Planning Data for Headquarters Battery, General Support Structured Battalion (SP) Personnel E1-E5 E6-E9 01-03 04-05 Totals USMC 273 38 17 4 332 USN 3 1 5 Total 276 39 18 4 337 e Selected Major Equipment Item Authorized Embarkation Data Cargo Capacity for Authorized Qtys Qtys Ft' Lbs Ft' Gals Lbs M923 Truck, Cargo, 5-ton 6 1,248 137,268 3,045 60,000 M105A1 Trailer, 1%-ton 3 288 8,010 779 9,000 M149 Trailer, Water 2 202 5,060 800 M998 Truck, Utility 16 1,696 80,960 1,417 40,000 M1008 Truck, Cargo, 1 %-ton 5 600 43,000 355 14,500 AN/MRC 110 Radio Set 4 424 20,800 AN/MRC 138 Radio Set 5 530 26,750 JOM-1 Steam Cleaner 3 105 3,300 LUB/SVC Unit 2 236 11,220 M1035 Truck, Ambulance 1 106 5,361 M49A2 Truck, Fuel 4 740 60,088 M936 Truck, Wrecker 3 705 115,398 M578 Recovery Vehicle 5 1,090 242,240 M109A3 Field Maintenance Van 2 362 31,520 Totals 8,332 790,975 ~ 0·1 FMFRP 6-17 App D c Class V Small Arms Combat Planning Rates Assault ·SustainingBasic Allowance Ft' Lbs* DODIC/Description Rds* Ft' Lbs* Rds* Ft' Lbs* Rds* 112 928 .56 38 404 .24 17OA068/5.56 Tracer 2,730 1.64 57.3 4,052 6,495 3.9 276 2,834 1.7 120 OA071/5.56 Ball 95,550 73 428 .5 40 OA131B/7.62 6,400 7.4 600 773 .9 72 71 .12 2 8 .01 1 OA363/9 mm 2,400 3.9 33.6 2,215 1,362 8.17 539 760 4.6 300 OA576/.50 cal 5,600 20 .64 37 6 .19 11 5 .15 908567/40 mm CS 3 4 .03 1 1 .03 1 08504/40 mm GS .08 .04 2 08535/40 mm WS 20 .52 22 3 .06 3 2 180 3.8 132 30 .64 22 15 .33 11 08546/40 mm HEDP 332 6.3 576 176 3.36 306 08542/40 mm LKD 1,152 21.9 2,000 4 .25 9 2 .13 5OG940/Smk Gren Grn 5 .33 11 3 .2 7OG945/Smk Gren Yel 3 .19 7 2 .14 5OG950/Smk Gren Red 3 .16 6 .05 2 OG937/Gren HD .06 2 .06 2 OG930/Gren HD Smk 2 .12 6 2 .12 6OG900/Gren HD Inc e 36 1.3 55 15 .69 23OG881/Gren HD Frag OH557A/66 mm 338 236.3 3,222 3 2.1 29 .6 8 .6 8 OH581A/Anti-armor 17 11.8 161 .6 8 .03 2 .03 2 OL306/Sig Red St .04 2 .04 2 OL307/Sig Wh 1 .04 2 .04 2OL311/Sig Red St 3 .15 6 3 .15 6OL312/Sig Wh 2 .1 4 .05 2 OL314/Sig Grn .06 2 .06 2 OL323/Sig Smk Red 1 .06 2 1 .06 2OL324/Sig Smk Grn 6 .1 12 3 .2 6OL495/Fiare Trip 14.18 897 Totals 378.88 12,629 26.56 1,706 *Rounds and weight have been rounded up to the nearest whole figure. c FMFRP 6-17------------------------Appendix . E Appendix E Planning Data for M-109 Battery, General Support Structured Battalion Personnel E1·E5 E6·E9 01·03 Totals USMC 84 14 5 103 USN 3 3 Totals 87 14 5 106 Selected Major Equipment Item Authorized Embarkation Data Cargo Capacity for Authorized Qtys Qtys Ft' Lbs Ft' Gals Lbs M923 Truck, Cargo, 5-ton 10 2,080 228,780 5,075 100,000 M105A 1 Trailer, 1 %-ton 6 576 16,020 1,558 18,000 M149 Trailer, Water 101 2,530 400 M998 Truck, Utility 8 848 40,480 708 20,000 AN/MAC 110 Radio Set 2 212 10,400 M109 Howitzer 6 1,914 318,360 Totals 5,731 616,570 App E -------------------------FMFRP 6·17 Class V Small Arms Combat Planning Rates Basic Allowance Assault Sustaining DODIC/Description Rds* Ft' Lbs* Rds* Ft' Lbs* Rds* Ft' Lbs* OA068/5.56 Tracer 910 .55 38 309 .19 13 135 .08 6 OA064/5.56 SAW 3,200 6.4 195 499 1.0 30 260 .52 16 OA071/5.56 Ball 31,850 19.1 1,350 2,165 1.3 92 945 .57 40 OA131B/7.62 6,400 7.4 600 773 .9 73 428 .5 40 OA363 9 mm . 462 .79 14 24 .04 1 3 OA576/.50 cal 2,400 14.4 949 584 3.5 231 326 1.9 129 08567/40 mm CS 20 .64 37 6 .19 11 5 .15 9 08504/40 mm GS 3 .08 4 .03 1 1 .03 08535/40 mm WS 20 .52 22 3 .06 3 2 .04 2 08546/40 mm HEDP 180 3.8 132 30 .64 22 15 .33 11 08542/40 mm LKD 1,152 21.9 2,000 332 6.3 576 176 3.36 306 OG940/Smk Gren Grn 2 .13 4 .08 2 OG945/Smk Gren Yel 2 .11 4 .06 2 OG950/Smk Gren Red .05 2 .07 2 OG937/Gren HD .05 2 .05 2 OG930/Gren HD Smk .06 2 .06 2 OG900/Gren HD Inc 1 .06 3 1 .06 3 OG881/Gren HD Frag 12 .55 18 5 .22 7 OH557A/66 mm 110 76.9 1,049 .6 8 .6 8 OH581A/Anti-armor 5 3.8 52 .6 8 .6 8 OL306/Sig Red St .03 2 .03 2 OL307/Sig Wh .04 2 .04 2 OL311/Sig Red St .04 2 .04 2 OL312/Sig Wh .05 2 .05 2 OL314/Sig Grn .05 2 .05 2 OL323/Sig Smk Red .06 2 1 . .06 2 OL324/Sig Smk Grn 1 .06 2 .06 2 OL495/Fiare Trip 2 .12 4 .07 2 Totals 156.28 6,442 16.81 1,122 9.68 612 *Rounds and weight have been rounded up to the nearest whole figure. FMFRP 6·17 -------------------------App E Class V Artillery Ammunition Combat Planning Rates Basic Allowance Assault Sustaining DODIC/Description Rds* Ft3 Lbs* Rds* Ft3 Lbs* Rds* Ftl Lbs* 0501/Proj ADAM-L 8 6.8 782 11 9.4 1,075 8 6.8 78 0502/Proj ADAM-S 8 9.5 874 20 24.0 2,180 4 4.8 436 0503/Proj RAAMS-L 16 19.4 1,764 13 13.6 1,433 6 7.2 661 0505/Proj ILLUM 48 40.8 4,690 43 36.6 4,201 22 18.7 2,149 0509/Proj RAAMS-S 16 19.4 1,764 18 21.6 1,984 4 4.8 441 0544/Proj HE 144 118.1 13,349 151 125.2 13,998 63 52.3 584 0550/Proj WP 48 39.8 4,944 24 19.9 2,474 10 8.3 1,031 0563/Proj DPICM 48 40.8 4,824 259 220.2 26,030 100 85.6 10,050 0579/Proj HE RA 48 86.4 4,358 42 75.6 3,814 24 43.2 2,179 0548/Proj SMK 48 39.8 4,450 20 16.1 1,817 12 9.8 1,112 Projectile Subtotals 432 420.8 41,799 601 562.2 59,006 253 241.5 18,721 0533/Prop M119 88 176.0 3,634 129 258.0 5,328 53 106.0 2,189 0540/Prop M3A 1 113 124.3 2,136 153 168.3 2,892 66 72.6 . 1,248 0541/Prop M4A2 272 204.0 8,296 379 284.3 11,560 160 120.0 4,880 Propellant Subtotals 473 504.3 14,066 661 710.6 19,780 279 298.6 8,317 ON285/Fz MT M577 151 9.1 498 382 22.9 1,261 151 9.1 498 ON286/Fz MTSQ M582 10 .7 34 9 .63 31 5 .3 17 ON340/Fz PD M739 143 214.5 500 138 207.0 483 60 90.0 210 ON464/Fz PROX M732 36 2.9 140 38 3.0 148 16 1.3 62 ON278/Fz MTSQ M564 43 3.0 151 26 1.8 91 11 .77 39 ON331/Fz PDCP M78 3 .18 12 3 .18 12 1 .06 4 ON276/Fz MTSQ M501 50 2.5 175 21 1.0 74 13 .52 46 Fuze Subtotals 436 232.88 1,510 617 236.51 2,100 257 102.05 876 ON523/Primer M82 454 2.3 182 631 3.2 252 266 1.3 106 Totals -1,160.28 57,557 -1,512.51 81,138 -643.45 .. 28,020 *Rounds and weights have been rounded up to the nearest whole figure. (reverse blank) E-3 FMFRP 6·17------------------------Appendix F Appendix F Planning Data for 8-lnch Howitzer Battery, General Support Structured Battalion Personnel E1·E5 E6·E9 01·03 Totals USMC 91 14 5 110 USN 3 3 Totals 94 14 5 113 Selected Major Equipment Item Authorized Embarkation Data Cargo Capacity for Authorized Qtys Qtys Ft' Lbs Ft' Gals Lbs M923 Truck, Cargo, 5-ton 10 2,080 228,780 5,075 100,000 M105A1 Trailer, 1V2-ton 6 576 16,020 1,558 18,000 M149 Trailer, Water 1 101 2,530 400 M998 Truck, Utility 8 848 40,480 708 20,000 AN/MRC 110 Radio Set 2 212 10,400 M110 Howitzer 6 2,233 373,200 Totals 6,050 671,410 App F FMFRP 6-17 c Class V Small Arms Combat Planning Rates Basic Allowance Assault Sustaining DODIC/Description Rds* Ft' Lbs* Rds* Ft' Lbs* Rds* Ft' Lbs* OA068/5.56 Tracer 910 .55 38 309 .19 13 135 .08 6 OA064/5.56 SAW 4,800 9.6 293 748 1.5 46 391 .78 24 OA071/5.56 Ball 31,850 19.1 1,350 2,165 1.3 92 945 .57 40 OA131B/7.62 6,400 7.4 600 773 .9 73 428 .5 40 OA363 9 mm 462 .79 14 24 .04 1 3 OA576/.50 cal 1,600 9.6 633 389 2.3 154 217 1.3 86 08567/40 mm CS 20 .64 37 6 .19 11 5 .15 9 08504/40 mm GS 3 .08 4 .03 1 .03 08535/40 mm WS 20 .52 22 3 .06 3 2 .04 2 08546/40 mm HEDP 180 3.8 132 30 .64 22 15 .33 11 08542/40 mm LKD 1,152 21.9 2,000 332 6.3 576 176 3.36 306 OG940/Smk Gren Grn 2 .13 4 .08 2 OG945/Smk Gren Vel 2 .11 4 .06 2 OG950/Smk Gren Red .05 2 .07 2 OG937/Gren HD .05 2 .05 2 OG930/Gren HD Smk .06 2 .06 2 OG900/Gren HD Inc 1 .06 3 1 .06 3 c OG881/Gren HD Frag 12 .55 18 5 .22 7 OH557AI66 mm 110 76.9 1,049 .6 8 .6 8 OH581 A/Anti-armor 5 3.8 52 .6 8 .6 8 OL306/Sig Red St .03 2 :03 2 OL307/Sig Wh .04 2 .04 2 OL311/Sig Red St .04 2 .04 2 OL312/Sig Wh .05 2 .05 2 OL314/Sig Grn .05 2 .05 2 OL323/Sig Smk Red .06 2 .06 2 OL324/Sig Smk Grn .06 2 .06 2 OL495/Fiare Trip .07 2 .07 2 Totals 154.68 6,224 16.06 1,059 9.34 577 *Rounds and weight have been rounded up to the nearest whole figure. F·2 FMFRP 6·17 -------------------------App F Class V Artillery Ammunition Combat Planning Rates Basic Allowance Assault Sustaining DODIC/Description Rds* Ft' Lbs* Rds* Ft' Lbs* Rds* Ft' Lbs* 0624/Proj HE RA 48 148.8 10,032 49 150.7 10,157 19 57.7 3,888 0651/Proj OPICM 108 313.2 22,572 263 762.1 54,925 98 283.6 20,440 0680/Proj HE M106 252 508.2 53,172 208 418.7 43,803 93 187.6 19,623 Projectile Subtotals 408 970.2 85,776 520 1,331.5 108,885 210 528.9 43,951 0675/Prop GB M1 54 71.8 1,882 71 93.8 2,462 29 39.7 1,043 0676/Prop WB M2 198 253.6 10,577 259 331.3 13,819 105 134.9 5,630 0662/Prop WB M199A1 176 228.8 9,328 202 262.6 10,100 87 113.1 4,350 Propellant Subtotals 428 554.2 21,787 532 687.7 26,381 221 287.7 11,023 ON285/Fz MT M577 113 6.3 357 280 15.8 893 103 5.8 327 ON286/Fz MTSQ M582 10 .6 32 10 .6 32 4 .3 14 ON340/Fz PO M739A 1 20 28.0 68 21 29.1 70 8 11.2 27 ON340/Fz PO M739 205 286.7 717 177 246.4 616 78 107.5 269 ON464/Fz PROX M732 83 5.6 314 73 5.0 278 31 2.0 116 ON278/Fz MTSQ M564 13 .9 43 11 .7 38 5 .3 17 ON331/Fz POCP M78 5 .3 21 4 .3 17 2 .1 8 Fuze Subtotals 449 328.4 1,552 576 297.9 1,944 231 127.2 778 ON523/Primer M82 428 2.0 130 546 2.7 221 220 1 81 Totals -1,854.8 109,245 -2,319.8 137,431 -944.8 55,833 • Rounds and weights have been rounded up to the nearest whole figure. (reverse blank) F-3 FMFRP 6-17------------------------Appendix G Appendix G Artillery Estimate of Supportability Format CLASSIFICATION Copy no. of___copies Issuing Headquarters Location DTG ARTILLERY ESTIMATE OF SUPPORTABILITY Ref: (List applicable references; e.g., maps.) 1. MISSION (State the mission of the command.) a. Artillery Concept. (State the artillery concept to support the mission.) b. Previous Decisions. (State any previous decisions by the maneuver commander, such as employment or nonemployment of nuclear and chemical munitions.) · 2. SITUATION AND CONSIDERATIONS a. Characteristics of the Area of Operations. (Refer to the Intelligence Estimate.) b. Enemy Capabilities and Most Probable Course of Action. (Refer to the Intelligence Estimate.) c. Friendly Forces. (State the friendly artillery forces available for the operation or refer to the planning document or other document setting forth available forces.) d. Courses of Action. (The proposed courses of action are stated in full.) e. Assumptions. (State any assumptions on which the estimate is based, including assumptionsregarding anticipated enemy action.) (Page number) CLASSIFICATION App G -------------------------FMFRP 6·17 CLASSIFICATION 3. ARTILLERY ANALYSIS a. Considerations Having Equal Effect. (State all considerations of the analysis that have equal effect on all proposed courses of action.) b. Courses of Action. (Each course of action is discussed from a strictly artillery point of view. All influencing factors are considered. Considerations include, but are not limited to, the ability of artillery to cover the zone action of the supported unit; positioning and displacement requirements; ability to mass fires; ability to provide CSS; security of artillery; weapons ammunition; troops available; and effects of terrain and weather on observation, ammunition effectiveness, artillery operations, and communications.) 4. EVALUATION (Each course of action is evaluated in turn. Advantages and disadvantages of each course of action are enumerated.) 5. CONCLUSIONS a. Best Course. (This is a statement of which course of action can best be supported from an · artillery point of view.) b. Other Courses. (Other courses of action are listed in their order of supportability, and a statement is made of their salient disadvantages.) 1.'' c. Significant Problems. (This is a statement of significant problems to be solved and limitations to be taken into account. Measures required to solve the problems should be included.) Is/__________ (Page number) c CLASSIFICATION G-2 FMFRP 6~17-------------------------A.ppendix H Appendix H Estimate of Artillery Requirements Format CLASSIFICATION Copy no. of___copies Issuing Headquarters PLACE OF ISSUE Date/time of issue ESTIMATE OF ARTILLERY REQUIREMENTS Ref: (List applicable references; e.g., maps) 1. MISSION (State the mission of the force, composition of the force, and effect of the mission on artillery requirements.) 2. SCHEME OF MANEUVER a. Scheme of Maneuver. (State the scheme of maneuver of each supported unit. In amphibious operations, identify impact if landings are made over widely separated beaches or landing zones. Address ability to provide fire support.) b. Effect of Scheme of Maneuver on Artillery Requirements. (Identify all possible effects that the proposed scheme of maneuver will have on artillery requirements. Address the ability, if any, to support proposed maneuver.) 3. ENEMY SITUATION (Refer to the Intelligence Estimate. Address the effect of enemy forces on artillery requirements. Consider the enemy's position, strength, armament, mobility, equipment, and combat ability when determining amount, type, caliber, and range of weapons and ammunition.) (Page number) CLASSIFICATION App H -------------------------FMFRP 6·17 CLASSIFICATION 4. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AREA OF OPERATIONS (Refer to the Intelligence Estimate. Identify the effect of hydrography, terrain, and weather on artillery requirements.) 5. ESTIMATED DURATION OF THE OPERATION (Determine the estimated duration of the operation and its effect on artillery requirements. Provide estimated amount of artillery and ammunition requirements.) 6. EMPLOYMENT OF OTHER FIRE SUPPORT MEANS (Determine other fire support, if available.) a. Effect of Naval Gunfire Support on Artillery Requirements. (State amount, type, and duration of available naval gunfire support on artillery requirements.) b. Effect of Air Support on Artillery Requirements. (State amount, type, and duration of available air support and its impact on artillery requirements.) 7. EMPLOYMENT OF NUCLEAR OR CHEMICAL WEAPONS (Determine availability of nuclear and chemical weapons. Identify required preparations and impact on artillery.) 8. CONCLUSIONS (Identify required artillery; ammunition; special and resupply equipment; and shipping, landing craft, and landing vehicles as required.) Is!________ ANNEXES: (if applicable) (Page number) c CLASSIFICATION H-2 FMFRP 6·1.7-------------------------.Appendix I Appendix I Ammunition Packing Dimensions Dimensions* Ammunition Type #Rds Weight (lbs) Length (in) Width (in) Height (in) 105 Ammunition Box 2 112.8 37.2 11.4 6.125 Pallet 30 1,880.0 37.25 35.2 36.125 155 Projectiles Small Pallet 8 797.0 27.1 13.6 32.0 Large Pallet 8 29.1 14.6 40.8 155 Propellants M13 Container 25 1,751.0 55.0 41.5 ·e 45.8 M14 Container 40 1,306.0 37.5 49.5 36.0 8" Projectiles Small Pallet 6 1,253.0 28.5 19.5 36.0 Large Pallet 6 1,254.0 29.1 14.6 40.8 8" Propellant M18 Container 25 1,779.0 44.0 59.6 49.0 PA66 Container 15 1,275.0 37.7 50.5 35.6 *Data shown for pallet/skid. Dimensions/weights may vary if packaging is different. (reverse blank) 1·1 FMFRP 6·17-------------------------Appendix J Appendix J Landing Craft Capacities for Transporting Artillery Landing Craft Notional Load (Combat-Loaded) LCM-8 LCU LCAC* 105 mm w/Prime Mover 1 * * 3 2 155 mm M-114 w/Prime Mover 1** 3 2 155 mm M-198 w/Prime Mover 1 * * 2 2 155 mm M-109 5 2 8" M-110 4 2 NOTES * Personnel capacity = 24 * * Marriages broken (reverse blank) J-1 FMFRP 6-17-------------------------Appendix K Appendix K Small Arms Packing Dimensions DODIC I Description OA064/5.56 SAW OA068/5.56 Tracer OA071/5.56 Ball OA131B/7.62 NATO OA363/9 mm Ball OA576/.50 caliber OB504/40 mm Grn St OB535/40 mm WS Para OB542/40 mm LKD OB546/40 mm HE DP OG881/Gren Hd Frag OG900/Gren Hd Inc OG930/Gren Hd Smk HC OG937/Gren Hd OG940/Gren Smk Grn OG945/Gren Smk Yel OG950/Gren Smk Red OH 557A/Rocket 66 mm OH 581A/Li Anti-armor OL306/Sig Ilium Red St OL307/Sig Ilium Wh OL311/Sig Ilium Red St OL312/Sig Ilium Wh OL314/Sig Ilium Grn OL323/Sig Smk Red Para OL324/Sig Smk Grn OL495/Fiare Trip Rds 1,640 1,680 800 2,400 220 44 44 72 72 30 16 16 16 16 16 16 15 15 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 32 Package Data Ft' .01 1.0 1.0 .8 3.9 1.3 1.0 1.0 1.4 1.6 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 10.4 10.0 3.6 3.6 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Lbs .06 67.0 70.0 75.0 72.0 86.0 57.0 48.0 125.0 53.0 46.0 50.0 41.0 34.0 36.0 36.0 36.0 143.0 143.0 67.0 67.0 71.0 71.0 71.0 71.0 71.0 66.0 (reverse blank) K-1 c I FMFRP 6·17-------------------------Appendix L Appendix L Glossary Section I. Abbreviations and Acronyms ADP ................ ammunition distribution point AMREP ....................... ammunition report ASP ..................... ammunition supply point ASR ......................... available supply rate BA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . basic allowance BAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . battalion aid station BL T ....................... battalion landing team BSA .......................... beach support area BSSG ............... brigade service support group CFL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . coordinated fire line CM ....................... corrective maintenance COMM .......................... communications CONUS ................. Continental United States CSR ........................ controlled supply rate CSS ....................... combat service support CSSA ................. combat service support area CSSD .......... combat service support detachment CSSE .............. combat service support element DOA ......................... day-of-ammunition DOS ............................... day-of-supply DPICM .................... dual-purpose improved conventional munition DU-V .................. ammunition dumps-class V DZ ................................... drop zone EOD/NW ............ explosive ordnance disposal! nuclear weapons EPW ...................... enemy prisoner of war FASCAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . family of scatterable mines FBT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fuel bar trioxane FDC ......................... fire direction center FFA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . free fire area FMF .......................... Fleet Marine Force FSC ..................... fire support coordination FSCC . . . . . . . . . . . . . fire support coordination center FSSG .................. force service support group GB ................................... green bag GCE ...................... ground combat element HST ...................... helicopter support team LFORM ... landing force operational reserve material LFSP ................. landing force support party LHA ..... amphibious assault ship (general purpose) LHD ........ amphibious assault ship (multipurpose) LPD ................... amphibious transport dock LPH ..................... amphibious assault ship LSD ........................... dock landing ship LST ........................... landing ship, tank LZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . landing zone MAGTF ........... Marine Air-Ground Task Force MCT ................... maintenance contact team MEB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Marine expeditionary brigade MEDEVAC .......... medical emergency evacuation MEF .................. Marine expeditionary force METT-T ....... mission, enemy, terrain, troops-time MEU ................... Marine expeditionary unit MHE ................. material handling equipment MIMMS ............ Marine Integrated Maintenance Management System MOPP .......... mission-oriented protective posture MOS ............... military occupational specialty App L -------------------------FMFRP 6·17 c c MPS ................ maritime prepositioning ships RL T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . regimental landing team MRE ........................... meal-ready-to-eat RB ..................................... red bag RRP ............... replenishment and repair point MSR .......................... main supply route RSR ......................... required supply rate MSSG ................. MEU service support group MST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . maintenance support team SASSY . . . . . . . . . Supported Activities Supply System SEMS .... standard embarkation management system NBC ............. nuclear, biological, and chemical SLCP ............... ship loading and characteristic NSN ....................... national stock number pamphlet SOP ................. standing operating procedure PEB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pre-expended bin PM ....................... preventive maintenance TIE .......................... table of equipment POL ................ petroleum, oil, and lubricants PWR .................... prepositioned war reserve WB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . white bag L·2 FMFRP 6·17 ~-----------------------App L Section II. Definitions The use of and adherence to precise, approved, and understood military terminology is of paramount importance and of critical concern in all doctrinal publications. Unless identified as extracted from JCS Pub. 1-02, terminology in this document is not standard within the Department of Defense and is applicable only in the context of this document. A amphibious objective area-A geographical area, delineated in the initiating directive, for purposes of command and control within which is located the objective(s) to be secured by the amphibious task force. This area must be of sufficient size to ensure accomplishment of the amphibious task force's mission and must provide sufficient area for conducting necessary sea, air and land operations. (JCS Pub. 1-02) attach -1. The placement of units or personnel in an organization where such placement is relatively temporary. 2. The detailing of individuals to specific functions where such functions are secondary or relatively temporary, e.g., attached for quarters and rations; attached for flying duty. (JCS Pub. 1-02) available supply rate-The rate of consumption that can be allocated considering the supplies and facilities available for a planned operation or a given period. (JCS Pub. 1-02) B basic load-The quantity of supplies required to be on hand within, and which can be moved by, a unit or formation. It is expressed according to the wartime organization of the unit or formation and maintained at the prescribed levels. (JCS Pub. 1-02) beach support area-In amphibious operations, the area to the rear of a landing force or elements thereof, established and operated by shore party units, which contains the facilities for the unloading of troops and materiel and the support of the forces ashore; it includes facilities for the evacuation of wounded, prisoners of war, and captured materiel. (JCS Pub. 1-02) c cannibalization-The exchange of serviceable/ unserviceable modules or parts between like items of unserviceable economically unrepairable equipment. combat essential equipment-Those items of equip ment whose availability is essential and indispensable for the execution of the combat and training mission of the unit. Although current directives establish what equipment is combat essential, commanding officers will make the final determination as to whether this equipment or any other item is combat essential for his command. combat service support-The essential logistic functions, activities, and tasks necessary to sustain all elements of an operating force in an area of operations. Combat service support includes but is not limited to administrative services, chaplain services, civil affairs, finance, legal service, health services, military police, supply, maintenance, transportation, construction, troop construction, acquisition and disposal of real property, facilities engineering, topographic and geodetic engineering functions, food service, graves registration, laundry, dry cleaning, bath, property disposal, and other logistic services. (JCS Pub. 1-02) corrective maintenance-Maintenance actions carried out to restore a defective item to a specified condition. (JCS Pub. 1-02) D day-of-ammunition-Unit of measurement of replenishing ammunition expressed as a specified number of rounds, or items of bulk ammunition as may be appro priate per weapon, unit, individual kit, set, or using device required for one day of combat. L·3 App L --------------------------FMFRP 6·17 direct support-A mission requiring a force to support another specific force and authorizing it to answer directly the supported force's request for assistance. (JCS Pub. 1-02) distribution point-A point at which supplies and/or ammunition, obtained from supporting supply points by a division or other unit, are broken down for distribution to subordinate units. Distribution points usually carry no stocks; items drawn are issued completely as soon as possible. (JCS Pub. 1-02) dump-A temporary storage area, usually in the open, for bombs, ammunition, equipment, or supplies. (JCS Pub. 1-02) F fire direction center-That element of a command post, consisting of gunnery and communication personnel and equipment, by means of which the commander exercises fire direction and/or fire control. The fire direction center receives target intelligence and requests for fire, and translates them into appropriate fire direction. (JCS Pub. 1-02) fire support coordination-The planning and executing of fire so that targets are adequately covered by a suitable weapon or group of weapons. (JCS Pub. 1-02) G general support-That support which is given to the supported force as a whole and not to any particular subdivision thereof. (JCS Pub. 1-02) H helicopter support team-A task organization formed and equipped for employment in a landing zone to facilitate the landing and movement of helicopter-borne troops, equipment and supplies, and to evacuate selected casualties and prisoners of war. (JCS Pub. 1-02) intermediate maintenance (field)-That. maintenance which is the responsibility of and performed by designated maintenance activities for direct support of using organizations. Its phases normally consist of a. calibration, repair, or replacement of damaged or unserviceable parts, components, or assemblies; b. the emergency manufacture of nonavailable parts; and c. providing technical assistance to using organizations. (JCS Pub. 1-02) L logistics-The science of planning and carrying out the movement and maintenance of forces. In its most comprehensive sense, those aspects of military operations which deal with a. design and development, acquisition, storage, movement, distribution, maintenance, evacuation, and disposition of materiel; b. movement, evacuation, and hospitalization of personnel; c. acquisition or construction, maintenance, operation, and disposition of facilities, and d. acquisition or furnishing of services. (JCS Pub. 1-02) M main supply route-The route or routes designated within an area of operations upon which the bulk of traffic flows in support of military operations. (JCS Pub. 1-02) maintenance area-A general locality in which are grouped a number of maintenance activities for the purpose of retaining or restoring materiel to a serviceable condition. (JCS Pub. 1-02) 0 organic-Assigned to and forming an essential part of a military organization. Organic parts of a unit are those listed in its table of organization for the Army, Air Force, and Marine Corps, and are assigned to the administrative organizations of the operating forces for the Navy. (JCS Pub. 1-02) organizational maintenance-That. maintenance which is the responsibility of and performed by a using organization on its assigned equipment. Its phases normally consist of inspecting, servicing, lubricating, adjusting, and the replacing of parts, minor assemblies, and subassemblies: (JCS Pub. 1-02) p pre-positioned war reserve stock-The assets that are designated to satisfy the pre-positioned war reserve materiel requirement. (JCS Pub. 1-02) FMFRP 6·17 -------------------------- App L preventive maintenance-The care and servicing by personnel for the purpose of maintaining equipment and facilities in satisfactory operating condition by providing for systematic inspection, detection, and correction of incipient failures either before they occur or before they develop into major defects. (JCS Pub. 1-02) R rear area-For any particular command, the area extending forward from its rear boundary to the rear of the area of responsibility of the next lower level of command. This area is provided primarily for the performance of combat service support functions. (JCS Pub. 1-02) required supply rate-(NATO) The amount of ammunition expressed in rounds per weapon per day for those items fired by weapons, and of all other items of supply expressed in terms of appropriate unit of measure per day, estimated to sustain operations of any designated force without restriction for a specified period. (JCS Pub. 1-02) required supply rate (ammunition)-(DOD) In Army usage, the amount of ammunition expressed in terms of rounds per weapon per day for ammunition items fired by weapons, and in terms of other units of measure per day for bulk allotment and other items, estimated to be required to sustain operations of any designated force without restriction for a specified period. Tactical commanders use this fate to state their requirements for ammunition to support planned tactical operations at specified intervals. The required supply rate is submitted through command channels. It is consolidated at each echelon and is considered by each commander in subsequently determining the controlled supply rate within the command. (JCS Pub. 1-02) s standing operating procedure-A set of instructions covering those features of operations which lend themselves to a definite or standardized procedure without loss of effectiveness. The procedure is applicable unless ordered otherwise. Also called standard operating procedure. (JCS Pub. 1-02) supply point-Any point where supplies are issued in detail. (JCS Pub. 1-02) T train -1. A service force or group of service elements which provides logistic support, e.g., an organization of naval auxiliary ships or merchant ships or merchant ships attacked to a fleet for this purpose; similarly, the vehicles and operating personnel which furnish supply, evacuation, and maintenance services to a land unit. 2. Bombs dropped in short intervals or sequence. (JCS Pub. 1-02) w weaponeering-The process of determining the quantity of a specific type of weapon and amount of ammunition required to achieve a specific level of damage to a given target. (reverse blank) L-5 c c FMFRP 6-17-------------------------.Appendix M D Appendix M References and Related Technical Publications Operational Handbooks OH 5-3A Helicopter External Cargo Loading (when revised, will become FMFRP 5-31, Helicopter·External Air Transport Procedures)OH 7-6 Maritime Prepositioning Force OperationsOH 7-8 Deployment of Assault Follow-On Echelon (AFOE) Fleet Marine Force Manuals FMFM 3-1 Command and Staff Action FMFM 4 Combat Service Support FMFM 4-1 e Combat Service Support Operations (currently under development) FMFM 4-4 Engineer Operations FMFM 4-5 Medical and Dental Support FMFM 4-6 Movement of Units in Air Force Aircraft FMFM 4-8 Handling of Deceased Personnel in Theatre of Operations FMFM 5-3 Assault Support FMFM 7-4 Field Artillery Support Technical Manuals TM 9-1300-200 Ammunition, General TM 9-1300-206 Ammunition and Explosives Standards Field Manuals FM 5-15 Field Fortifications FM 5-101 Mobility FM 5-103 Survivability FM 8-10 Health Service Support in Theatre Operations FM 8-35 Evacuation of the Sick and Wounded FM 8-55 Army Medical Service Planning Guide FM 9-6 Ammunition Service in Theatre of Operations FM 9-13 Ammunition Handbook FM 9-84 Special Ammunition (Nuclear) Direct and General Support Unit Operations FM 100-10 Combat Service Support FM 101-10 1/2 Staff Officers Field Manual: Organizational, Technical, Logistic Extracts, Tables of Equipment FM 750-80 Army Wholesale Maintenance Management II M·1 App M -------------------------FMFRP 6-17 Marine Corps Orders MCO 4066.13 Marine Corps Exchange Manual MCO 4400.39 War Reserve Materiel Policy Manual MCO 8010.1 Class V (W) Support for FMF Combat Operations MCO 8020.1 Handling, Transportation, Storage, Reclassification, Disposal of Class V (W) MCO P10110.14 Food Service and Subsistence Management Manual MCO P3040.4 USMC Casualty Procedures Manual MCO P3120.6 Standard Embarkation Management System MCO P4400.150 Consumer Level Supply Policy Manual Miscellaneous Publications AR 385-63 Policies and Procedures for Ammunition Training, Target Practice and Combat JCS Pub 3-02.2 Joint Doctrine 'for Amphibious Embarkation NAVSEAOP 2239 Motor Vehicle Driver Handbook Ammunition, Explosive and Related Hazardous Materiel UM-4400-124 FMF SASSY Using Unit Procedures Brown, B., Maj and Zealberg, K., Cpt, Where is the Ammo?, Field Artillery Journal, Vol 50, No. 2, pp. 20-23, Mar-Apr 1986 M-2 ---------------------------FMFRP 6·17 Jll Index Paragraph Page A Ammunition: Distribution point ........................................ 3008a(4) 3-10 Dump .................................................. 3008a(3) 3-IO Management ............................................ 2004b(5)(g), 3008b(4) 2-I2, 3-13 Operations .............................................. 3008 3-IO Plan ................................................... 2004b(5), 3002a 2-IO, 3-I Recording and disseminating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3002c 3-I Reporting ............................................... 2004b(5)(g)] 2-13 Resupply ...................................... , ........ 2004b(5)(f), 3008b(2)(d) 2-I2, 3-II Shelters .................................................. 30 IOd 3-I7 Supply point ............................................ 3008a(2), 3008b(3) 3-IO, 3-I2Train . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3008b(2)(b) 3-IIVehicle load plans ....................................... 3008b(2)(a) 3-11Available supply rate ...................................... 2004b(5)(e)l 2-I2 B Basic allowance ........................................... 2004b(5)(b) 2-IO Basic load ............................................... 2004a, 2004b(5)(c) 2-6, 2-10 Brigade service support group .............................. I004e I-3 c Cannibalization ........................................... 3009f 3-I6Captured material ........................................ 3009d 3-I6Collection point .......................................... 2006d, 3009c 2-2I' 3-I6Combat service support:Concept of support ...................................... 3003 3-3Detachment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 004c I-3Environmental impacts on ................................ Table 2-I 2-2Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2003 2-5 Principles of ............................................ 2002 2-I Controlled supply rate ..................................... 2004b(5)(g)! 2-13 D Day of ammunition ....................................... 2004b(5)(e)~ 2-I2Destruction of equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3009e 3-I6 E Embarkation ............................................. 2005a 2-I4Engineer: Function in artillery unit .................................. I003a(4) I-2Operations .............................................. 30IO 3-I6Estimate of artillery requirements ........................... 2003 2-5Estimate of supportability ................................. 2003, 2003b, 2-5, 2-6,AppG G-I lndex-1 FMFRP 6·17 c Paragraph Page F Fixed-wing air transport ................................... 2005c 2-20 Force service support group ................................ 1004f 1-3 H Health services: Function in artillery unit .................................. 1003a(5) 1-2 2-21 Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2007 Helicopter: Movement by ........................................... 2005b 2-15 1-3, 2-16 Support team ........................................... 1004b, 2005b(1) L Landing force support party ............. ~ ................. 1004a 1-3 M Maintenance: Contact team . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 003a(2), 2006c, 3009a 1-2, 2-20, 3-14 c Function in artillery unit .................................. 1003a(2) 1-1 3-14 Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3009 2-20Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2006a 2-21, 3-16 Recovery ............................................... 2006d, 3009c 1-2 Support team ........................................... 1003a(2) MEU service support group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1004d 1-3 p Pre-expended bin ......................................... 2004b(9), 3007b(9) 2-14, 3-9, 3009a(2) 3-14 R 2-20 Rail, movement by ........................................ 2005d Replenishment and repair point. ............................ 3005d(3) 3-6 Required supply rate ...................................... 2004b(5)(e)!_ 2-12 s Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3006 3-7 Services, function in artillery unit ........................... 1003a(6) 1-2 lndex-2 --------------------------------------------------------------------FMFRP 6·17 Paragraph Page Supply: Classes of supply ........................................ Table 2-2 2-7 Class I ................................................. 2004b(l), 3007a(l) 2-7, 3-8 Class II ................................................. 2004b(2), 3007a(2) 2-7, 3-8 Class III ................................................ 2004b(3), 3007a(3) 2-7, 3-8 Class IV ................................................ 2004b(4), 3007a(4) 2-8, 3-9 Class V ................................................. 2004b(5), 3007a(5) 2-10, 3-9 Class VI ................................................ 2004b(6), 3007a(6) 2-13, 3-9 Class VII ............................................... 2004b(7), 3007a(7) 2-13, 3-9 Class VIII .............................................. 2004b(8), 3007a(8) 2-13, 3-9 Class IX ................................................ 2004b(9), 3007a(9) 2-14, 3-9 Class X ................................................. 2004b(l0), 3007a(10) 2-14, 3-9Function in artillery unit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1003a(l) 1-1 Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3007b 3-9 T Trains ................................................... 3005, 3008b(2) 3-4, 3-11 Transportation: Coordination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3002d 3-1 Embarkation ............................................ 2005a 2-14 Fixed-wing air transport .................................. 2005c 2-20 Function in artillery unit .................................. 1003a(3) 1-2 Helicopter movement ..................................... 2005b 2-15Motor transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2005e 2-20 Rail .................................................... 2005d 2-20 ) (reverse blank) lndex-3 ~ U.S. GOVERNMENT PAINTING OFFICE 1990--2 7 1 -5 0 7 2 0 5 4 7