A SELF-PACED INSTRUCTIONAL TEXT SUNY ai· BUFFA[O. P841127 tJ DEPOSITORY COPY AIR FORCE ROTC/AIR TRAINING COMMAND T-2617 __________ ,_,_ c ·~ J AFROTC Drill and Ceremonies A Self-Paced Instructional Text Written By Edsel o. Chalker Revised By Major Thomas c. Winters Captain Robert c. May July 1983 No copyright material is contained in this volume. The views and opinions, expressed or implied, in this publication are not to be construed as carrying the official sanction of the Air University, Air Training Command or Department of the Air Force. This publication has been reviewed and approved by competent personnel of the preparing command in accordance with current directives on doctrine, policy, essentiality, propriety and quality. The drawings, pictures and sketches depict relationships between and among individuals participating in military drill and ceremonies. This self-paced text will be used by individuals in the junior and senior AFROTC programs; therefore, the uniforms depict no insignia or other identifying features to associate with members of either program. Air Force ROTC AIR TRAINING COMMAND T 2617 ii INTRODUCTION This is a self-paced text on military drill and ceremonies. Additionally, this text includes information about the uniform and insignia, and about military courtesies practiced in the Air Force. The text is based in part on AFM 50-14, AFR 35-10, and AFROTCR 35-10. When you have completed the text, you should have a basic knowledge of the following major areas: 1. Customs and courtesies practiced in the AFROTC program, such as saluting, who and what to salute, and honors to the flag and to the colors. 2. The importance, purpose, and meaning of terms used in military drill. 3. Positions and movements required of each individual in forming el ements, flights,, and squadrons and the commands used to obtain execution of these positions and movements. 4. The drill of the flight and squadron. The text is self-explanatory. Read all information, explanations, and instructions. Throughout this text, you are asked to read and analyzematerial and to respond to questions relating to this material. After youhave read all of the material, questions, and alternative responses-that follow each question, mark your response on an answer sheet. After you have responded to each question according to instructions, check your responseswith the correct ones that are furnished. If your responses do not correspond to the correct ones, determine where you are wrong before continuing.This will be extremely important, because each unit of information will later be integrated into larger units. Here is an example of one type of exercise found in this text. Read it carefully and follow instructions. EXAMPLE: Outdoors, salutes are exchanged upon recognition between officers and warrant officers and between officers or warrant officers and cadets and enlisted members of the Armed Forces, with the junior saluting first. This method of saying "hello" between Armed Forces personnel is a custom and courtesy which was practiced many years before military organizations in the United States came into existence. QUESTION: When a salute is exchanged between two members of the Armed Forces, who is supposed to initiate the salute? a. The senior officer if he is not in uniform. b. The se~ior officer if he is a warrant officer. c. The junior officer, cadet, or enlisted man. iii / According to the information given in paragraph above, the junior will salute first whether he is an officer, cadet, or enlisted man. You should have checked alternative "c" as the correct answer to the question. If you understand the procedures to follow and the objectives listed above, go to the next page and proceed with the program at your own best pace. iv Table of Contents • I. SALUTI::: Hand Salute Present Arms II FLAG HONORS Raising the Flag Lowering the Flag Questions for Review III DRILL POSITIONS AND t-IOVEMENTS Attention Parade Rest At Ease Rest Fall Out Fall In Facing Hovements Right Face Left Face Half Right (Left) Face About Face Facing to the Rear Questions for Review IV DRILL TERHS Drill Commands Flight Leaders Guide Guidon Questions for Review v FLIGHT FORMATION Formation of the Flight To Form at Close Interval To Count Off. To Aline the Flight To Open and Close Ranks When in Line Individuals to Leave Ranks. Questions for Review. VI HARCHING HOVEMENTS Hark Time Half Step Right (Left) Step Change Step Harch to the Rear Face In Marching 1 4 5 9 9 9 ll 13 13 17 18 18 18 19 20 20 20 20 20 24 25 27 39 49 55 60 66 68 68 71 73 74 78 79 80 84 87 89 91 93 94 97 v qq Ch<>n3P llir~rtinl')>;: in ::t (:nl•1mn ........... . 1()4 P~~ti~l r:ha~ge in Directi0q 107 For~ Stnele File and ~Pform 1 1 1 Form Column of T\'111)8 aTl•i 1~.P Form . 114 Gl1-:mge l~terval ivhile in Column ]]7 Questio•J.s for 'l.~vi.A.•o! Vll DRILL OF THE SQUADROT\J" 121 121 Farm S1uadron in Lin~ To ~liTle the Squadron • • • • 125 lnspAction of Squadron 127 To IHsm.i.ss the Squadro•1 130 131 Qnestions for Revie•¥ .. vi Section One SALUTE CUSTfJM AND COURTESY may be defined as an act or expression that shows respect and consideration. Although the two, custom and courtesy, are practically inseparable in the service and go hand in hand ii1 civilian life, we will separate them here momentarily for the purpose of obtaining a better understanding of these two closely related subjects. Here is an accepted definition of each. Read each definitlon carefully and perform the exercise that follows. 1. Custom is a fonu or coursr~ of action characteristically repeated under like circumstances; a usage or practice, or an individual habit. 2. Courtesy is the act of being respectful for others and giving them due consider~tion. Military courtesy, as practiced in the lli Air Force, is an expression of respect and consideration for others. 1. Read and analyze the following narratives and then write the number (1) in the space beside the narrative that you think is a custom and write number (2) in the space beside the narrative that you think is a courtesy. a. Although it is not mandatory to stage a dance after the homecoming game each year, Jones College had staged one after each game for 30 years. b. Cadet Smith 111as riding a public bus from drill practice to his home when a lady carrying a baby entered the bus. Cadet Smith realized that no other seats were available and, therefore, offered his seat to the lady. Iteru "a" should have been checked as a custom. To whom or to what was the homecoming dance showing respect? Item "b" can be classified as a courtesy. Cadet Smith was showing respect for the lady by offering his seat on the bus. Saluting has always been a privilege enjoyed by military personnel of honorable standing. Not only was it used in the early days of recorded history as salutation, but also to express mutual trust and respect. Today the salute is a respectful greeting used between military personnel notwithstanding differences in military grade. 2. \fuich of the following do you think is correct regarding the salute? (Place a check in the space beside your choice) a. The salute is a military custom practiced between military personnel. b. The salute is a military courtesy showing respect for other individuals and certain designated items. 1 c. The salute is both a military custom and a military courtesy since it has been used as a token of trust and respect for many years. Saluting is a course of action characteristically repeated year after year under like circumstances and is, therefore, classed as a custom. Since it is also used as a basic mode of greeting between military personnel and for the purpose of paying respect and giving consideration for each, it may also be classed as a courtesy. Alternative "c" therefore should have been checked. Here is an extract from paragraph 3.6a of AFM 50-14 which pertains to the exchange of salutes. Read it and use the information needed to answer the next two questions. 3.6 a. Outdoors, salutes are exchanged upon recognition between officers and warrant officers and between officers and cadets or enlisted members of the Armed Forces. This applies both on and off military installations. The junior should begin the salute in time to allow the senior to return it. To pre scribe an exact distance for all circumstances is not practicable; however, good judgement should indicate when salutes should be exchanged. A person carying articles in both hands need not salute, although he will be saluted. return or verbally acknowledge the salute. He should nod in Complete the following exercise. 3. Between which of the following personnel they meet outdoors and are recognized? are salutes exc whenhanged a. Between officers and warrant officers and between officers and cadets or enlisted members of the armed forces. b. Between officers and warrant officers and between officers or warrant officer and Air Force cadets or civilians of equal or higher rank. c. Between officers and warrant officers and between officers, warrant officers, AF cadets, or enlisted members of the armed forces and u.s. marshals. 4. When is a salute between military personnel not required even though they are in uniform and are recognized? a. When the junior is 10 feet or more to the right of the oncoming officer. b. When both men are in uniform but off the premises of a military establishment. c. When one or the othe.r of the individuals is carrying articles in both hands, that individual does not have to salute. The correct alternatives for questions above are: 3. a, and 4. c. When an individual is carrying articles in both hands, he may forego the hand salute and nod his head in recognition instead. 2 There are other instances when an exchange of salutes between Air "Force personnel may or may not be required. Paragraph 3.6b through 3.6f of AFt1 1 ~ 50-14 states these instances. Here are paragraphs b through f: b. Except for formal reporting, salutes are not required indoors. c. In formation, members do not salute or return salutes except at the co1nmand PRESENT ARMS. The individual in charge salutes and acknowledges salutes for the whole formation. d. In groups, but not in formation, when a senior officer approaches, the first individual noticing him calls the group to attention and all members face the officer and salute. If the officer addresses an individual or the group, all reraain at attention unless otherwise ordered, until the end of the conversation at which time they salute the officer. e. In public gatherings, such as sports events, meetings, or when a salute would be inappropriate or impractical, salutes between persons need not be rendered. f. Exchange of salutes between military pedestrians (including gate sentries) and off leers in moving military vehicles is not mandatory, but when officer passengers are readily identifiable, the salute will be rendered; for example, officers in appropriately marked vehicles. Vacnnt military vehicles displaying a flag or commander's plate need not be saluted. Passengers in moving vehicles need not eKchange salutes with passengers of other moving vehicles. 5. Some of the following statements are true and soroe false. Write "T" in the space beside each statement that you think is true and "F" in the space when you think the statement is false. ____ a. In addition to the flight commander, the leader of each element within the flight will also salute when a senior officer approaches. _____ b. Cadet :'1cGuire, a member of an AFROTC Unit, was four minutes late for drill. He was instructed to report to his commanding officer. r1cGuire is required to salute as he approaches the commander. c. While the 20 members of Flight A were at fallout, the squadron commander approached them. Cadet Hoare, the first member to see him, called the group to attention, and all member-s saluted the approaching officer. Moore and the other cadets were correct in this procedure. 3 d. Three cadets were standing on a street corner when General Rock drove by in his private vehicle. All three cadets saluted the general. The cadets were correct in this procedure. All the above statements are true except "a". The hand salute is probably the most apparent of all military customs and Although its use as a greeting between military personnel is more courtesies. frequent than for other purposes, there are several other occasions where its use is of equal importance. One of these is the saluting of the US flag. When military personnel in uniform but not in formation pass an uncased US ceremonial or US organizational flag (parade or ceremony flag), they will excute the salute six spaces before reaching it and hold the salute until they are six paces beyond it. The same procedures are correct if the flag is moving and the uniformed individual is standing. 6. Read the next two statements pertaining to the salute of the flag and then place a check in the space beside the one that you think is correct. a. When a ceremonial and/or parade flag passes by an individual in uniform the individual will stand with his feet at parade rest and excute the hand salute prior to the arrival of the flag so that the flag bearer will see the salute and return it accordingly. b. When a ceremonial and/or parade flag passes by an individual in uniform, the individual will come to attention and execute the hand salute six paces before the flag is even with him and hold the salute until the flag is six paces beyond him. It doesn't matter if the individual in uniform passes a stationary uncased flag or if the individual is standing and the uncased flag passes by him, the individual in uniform will execute the hand salute six paces before the two are even and hold the salute until they are separated by six paces. Statement "b" is the correct response for the preceding exercise. Military personnel will render proper courtesies when the National Anthem or To the Colors is played. The procedures for rendering these courtesies vary somewhat depending on whether the individual is indoors or outdoors and whether the individual is dressed in uniform or dressed in civilian clothing. We will discuss each of the four situations. In uniform, outdoors, but not in formation, with the flag in view, all If the flag is not visible, face personnel will face the flag and salute. toward the music and salute. When attending sports events, if the music is recorded and the flag is not visible, face to the front and salute. 7. Read each of the following and write (T) in the space beside the statements that you think are true and write (F) in the space beside the statements that you think are false. a. When the music starts, all personnel will face the flag and stand at attention while the commander renders the salute for everyone. 4 • b. If the flag is not visible, all personnel will face toward the music and salute. c. If the flag is visible, all personnel will face toward the flag and salute although the music is recorded. ____ d. If the flag is not visible and the music is recorded, all personnel will come to attention but no one is required to salute. If you read paragraph one on the preceding page correctly, you checked statements "b" and "c" as true and statements "a" and "d" as false. When the music starts (THE NATIONAL ANTHEM) or To the Colors all personnel not in formation must salute. It makes no difference whether the music is live ot recorded. If the flag is not visible, all personnel will face to the front and salute. When in formation, you will salute the flag or the music onlywhen your unit's commander commands "PRESENT ARMS." In uniform, indoors, the procedures are the same as those described in number one except that no salute is rendered (other than those personnel who are under arms). When the music starts, all personnel will stand at attention and face the flag, or face the music if the flag is not visible, or face to the front if the music is recorded and the flag is not visible. If watching TV or listening to the radio, no action is required when the National Anthem or To the Colors is played. 8. Read the following narrative and then place a check in the space beside the airman whose procedures you think are correct. Cadet Miller and Cadet Smith, dressed in Combination 1 uniforms, were seated inside Sheffield Coliseum to attend the basketball game between the Baltimore Hawks and the Richmond Doves. Just before the game started the band played the National Anthem. Which of the airmen responded correctly upon hearing the music? a. Cadet Miller rose to his feet, faced the flag, and stood --- at attention until the band stopped playing. b. Cadet Smith rose to his feet, came to attention facing the flag, and executed the military hand salute. The performance of Cadet Miller, as described in statement "a" above is correct. If indoors and in uniform, the only requirement is to face the flag,if the flag is visible, and stand at attention. If the flag is not visible and the music is recorded, face to the front. 9. Suppose Cadet Miller and Smith had been seated inside the service club preparing to watch the game on TV, what should they have done when the band started playing the National Anthem? a. They should have risen to their feet and stood at attention until the music stopped. 5 b. They should have risen to their feet, come to att~nti<)n, and rendered the hand salute. c. They should have remained in their seats and done nothing. When indoors and listening to the radio or watching the procedures on television, no act of courtesy is required when the flag is displayed or when the National Anthem or To the Colors is player:!. Cadets ,•Jill<~r and ::;mith, therefore, should have re1nained i11 their seats as stated in alternative "c". 3. In civilian clothes. Since the National Anthelfl and To the Colors declare loyalty and reverence to the United States, they deserve proper respect and courtesy although you 1night be dressed in dvilian clothes when either of these numbers is played. Whether in uniforrn or in civilian clothes, the courtesies are the same except for the salute. You should know by now how to render a salute when the National Anthem or To the Colors is played. Let's see if you know \mat to do when either of these numbers is played and you are dressed in civilian clothes. Check the narrative below that you think describes the correct procedures. 10. ____ a. When the music starts, stand at attention, face the flag, face the music, or face to the front in order, re~ove the hat ~Nith the right hand and hold it even with the left shoulder with the right hand over the heart. Any individual without a hat ~Nill salute by placing the right hand over the heart while standing at r.t.ttent ion and L1cing in the right direction. _____ b. \.fuen the music starts, stand at attention,face the flag, or or face the music, or face to the front in that order, remove the hat with the left hand Rnd hold it downward in line with the seam of the trousers. Then execute the regular right hand military salute. Any individual without a hat wi11 ex:cute the regular right hand salute. The procedures listed in alternative "a" above are correct for adminlsterering the salute when dressed in civilian clothes. 4. In vehicles. The fourth situation regarding the hand salute pertains to those riding in vehicles. When the first note of the National Anthem or To the Colors is sounded, the driver stops the vehicle immediately. From this point on, if the occupants of the vehicle are civilian, the procedures are slightly different from those when the vehicle is occupied by military per sonnel. Do you know what this difference is? 11. Read the following statements and place a check in the space that describes the procedures to be followed if the occupants of the vehicle are military. a. After the vehicle has stopped, all occupants of the vehicle will dismount and salute the flag if it is visible. If it is not visible, they will salute the music. 6 b. After the ·vehiele is stopped, the Individual in charge (except for the driver) will dismount and salute the flag if it is visible. If it is not visible, he will salute the music, unless base requirernents provide other·.yise. c. After the vehicle has stopped, all occupants will remain in the vehicle seated at attention until the last note of the music is played after which they will proceed as before. Unless local unit directives provide otherwise, all military will remain in the vehicle as prescribed in statement "c" above. AFH 50-14, paragraph 3-5a and b, explains how to render a proper salute as follows: 3.5a. Hand Salute: a. The command is Hand, SALUTE. It is executed in a two-count move;.nent .At the command SALUTE, the individual raises the right hand smartly in the most direct manner unt.il the tip of the middle finger touches the lower part of the headdress or forehead, above and slightly to the right of the rtght eye. This is count one of the movement. The individ(1al holds the upper arm horizontally and slightly forward of the shoulder line. Thumb and fingers are extended and joined. Hand and wrlst are held straight with palm down. Count two of the movement is the return of the hand smartly in one motion to its normal position by the side. b. The command Hand, SALUTE is used for training purposes only. 12. Check the items listed below that are correct regarding the two count hand salute. a. At the count of one and with the command of execution, raise the right hand upward with the forearm, wrist and hand straight and with the palm of the hand down. b. The thU!ab and fingers are extended and joined with the tip of the forefinger touching the lower part of the headdress or forehead just above and slightly to the right of the right eye. c. If no headdress is worn, the tip of the forefinger will rest just above the hairline. d. The upper arm is held horizontal with and slightly forward of the shoulder line. To excute the command," Hand, SALUTE, " you will raise the right hand to the salute position at the execution command and with the count of one. With the count of two, either a silent or verbal count, in quick time cadence, lower the right hand to the side. The correct responses are "a", "b", and "d". 7 The only other time that a salute is required through command is "Present, ARMS." When the command, •PRESENT, ARMS, is ordered, the individual will raise the right hand to the salute position at the execution command "Am6" and hold the salute until he/she hears "Order, ARHS. " With the execution command "ARMS," which is also the second count, lower the right hand smartly to his/her side. 13. Notice that both the hand salute and " Present, ARt6 " are executed with the two-count hand-salute movement. What then is the difference? a. The difference between the two salutes is the amount of time that the individual holds the salute. b. The difference between the execution of the two salutes is the position of the fingers. The difference will be the amount of time in each salute; therefore, the correct response is "a". When returning or rendering an individual salute, the cadet turns his/her head and eyes toward the colors or person saluted. \fuen in ranks, he/she holds his/her head and eyes at attention unless otherwise prescribed. 14. When returning or initiating an individual salute, what should you do with your head and eyes? a. Your head and eyes should be turned toward the person or colors being saluted. b. Your head and eyes should remain at attention and in the forward position with the line of sight parallel with the ground. 15. When in the ranks, what should you do with your head and eyes while the salute is being exchanged between the flight sergeant and the flight commander. a. Turn your head and eyes toward the superior offleer while the exchange of salutes is taking place. b. Hold your head and eyes at attention unless instructed to do otherwise. The correct responses are 14.a, lS.b. 8 Section Two FLAG HONORS THE NEXT AREA of customs and courtesies is related to honoring the flag at the beginning and closing of the day. Most schools have a United States flag that is flown from a flagstaff located on campus. Paragraphs 7-25 and 7-28 of AFM 50-14 pertain primarily to the activities of the flag detail in raising and lowering the flag if the detail is part of an AFROTC unit. Read both para graphs and then answer the questions that follow. 7-25. Raising the Flag: a. When practicable, a detail consisting of a noncommis sioned officer and two airmen hoists the flag. This detail should be armed with sidearms if the special equipment of the guard in includes sidearms. b. The detail is formed in line with the noncommissioned officer carrying the flag in the center. The detail then is marched to the flagstaff and halted, and the flag is attached to the halyards. The flag is always raised and lowered from the leeward side of the flagstaff. The two airmen attend the halyards, taking posi tion facing the staff to hoist the flag without entangling the halyards. The noncommissioned officer continues to hold the flag until it is hoisted clear of the grasp, taking particular care that no portion of it touches the ground. When the flag is clear of the grasp, the noncommissioned officer comes to attention and executes present arms. c. The flag is hoisted briskly at the first note of To the Colors or the National Anthem, if music is played. It may be hoisted at a predetermined time without music. As soon as the flag has been hoisted to the staffhead, the airmen hold it there, grasping the halyards with their left hands, and without moving from their positions, they execute present arms. d. On the last note of the music or after the flag has been hoisted to the staffhead, all members of the detail execute order arms at the command of the senior member. The halyards are then secured to the cleat of the staff (or if appropriate, the flag is lowered to half-staff and the halyard secured). The detail is formed again and marched to the dismissal area. 7-28. Lowering the Flag: a. When practical, the personnel required to lower the flag are a noncommissioned officer and three airmen for the all-purpose flag and a noncommissioned officer and five airmen for the base flag. The detail is formed, marched to the flagstaff, and the halyards are detached and attended from the leeward side. On the 9 of first note of the National Anthem or, if no band is present, on the first note of To the Colors, the noncommissioned officer and members of the detail not lowering the flag execute present arms. The lowering of the flag is coordinated with the playing of the music so that the two are completed simultaneously. The noncommissioned officer commands detail, Order, ARMS, when the flag is low enough to be received. (If at half-staff, the flag is hoisted to the staffhead while retreat is being sounded and then lowered at the first note of the National Anthem or To the colors. b. The flag is detached from the halyards and folded. The halyards are secured to the staff. 16. What does the detail consist of that raises the flag at a reveille ceremony? a. One NCO and two airmen. b. One NCO and three airmen. c. One NCO and five airmen. Item "a" is the correct answer. However, it is important to remember that the detail used to lower the all purpose flag consists of one NCO and three airmen. One NCO and five airmen compose the detail used to lower the base flag. 17. What happens to the flag detail once the flag is raised and the halyards are secured? a. The detail is dismissed and the men allowed to return to the area at their own pace. b. The detail is re-formed and marched to the dismissal area. The last sentence in paragraph 7-25 confirms alternative "b" as correct. 18. When raising and lowering the flag, where do the airmen who man the halyards and the flag stand in relation to the flagstaff? a. On the windward side and facing the flagstaff. b. On the leeward side and facing the flagstaff. Paragraph 7-25b and 7-28a both state that the airmen will stand on the leeward side of the flagstaff, face it, and man the flag from that position. 19. Write "T" in the space beside each of the following statements that are true and write "F" beside those that are false. a. When the flag is clear of the grasp, the NCO holding the flag comes to attention and executes present arms. 10 _____b. \.Jhen the flag is hoisted to the staffhead, the airmen manning the halyards grasp them with their left hands and ex:cute present arms. '--~ ""___c. If music is used, the flag is raised or lowered at a fast pace so that all members of the detail will be free to ex:ec:ute anns before the last note is sounded. d. If the flag is to be flown at half staff, it is first hoisted to the staffhead and after order arms is executed it is lowered to half staff. e. When raising or lowering the flag, the halyards will be secured and the flag folded before order arms is executed. The responses to number 19 are a • ..!_, b. T , c. F , d. T , e. F. Questions for Review 1. The practice among military personnel of paying respect for others and giving them due consideration is called: a. A military custom. b. A military courtesy. c. Neither "a" nor "b". d. Both "a" and "b". 2. Where a course of action is characteristically repeated several times under like circumstances, it is called: a. A military custom. b. A military courtesy. c. Neither "a" nor "b"above. d. Both "a" and "b" above. 3. The hand salute has been used from the early days of recorded history to the present day as a means of respectful greeting between military personnel. This being true, the salute is called: a. A military custom. b. A military courtesy. c. Neither "a" nor "b" above. d. Both "a" and "b" above. 4. In which of the following instances was the correct procedures followed to pay respect to the United States flag? a. As Flight R marched by a reviewing stand where an uncased lB flag was on display, Cadet Olsen, acting flight commander, executed a hand salute for the flight six paces before she reached the flag and held it until she was six paces beyond. ll b. Cadet Rrown was retur11i.ng fro•n a ba~;eball 3arTJ.e we,Iri.ng his b<'lll unifnrtn when he heard the hand stdrt ,~laying the Nat io11al A11thern, Brown stopped i:nmedi..ltely, came to attention fdclng the •nusic, and removed his cap with his right hand and ?laced it near his left :~houl._ler ·;.rl.th his right hand over 11is heart. c. The only time a junior off leer. is r.e4uired to salute the US flag is when accompanying a senior officer. ln this instance, the junior will salute for both officers. d. Cadet "Bowman, 1-1hile in uni. form, was r.iding with a civil ian driver. Hhen they heard the first note of To the Colors, the driver stopped the vehicle and both sat at attention until the music stopped. e. If the cadet is watching TV or listening to the radio, no action is required when the National Anthem or To the Colors is played. 5. ~fuich of the following ceremonies are likely to be held on a daily basis? a. A parade honoring distinguished flying officers. b. Flag raising at the beginning of the day. c Commander's call. d. Flag lowering at the ending of the day. 6. lfuen the music accompanies the flag lowering cer.e1nony, which of the following procedures is correet in regard to the timing of the activities? a. On the first note of the National Anthem or To the Colors, the flag will be lowereu slowly in coordination with the rnus ic and both are completed simultaneously. b. The National Anthem or To the Colors will be played after the flag has been lowered to give the flag detail time to fold the flag before the music stops. The correct responses to the preceding questions are: 1. d 2. a 3. d 4. a, b, d, e 5. b, d 6. a 12 Section Three DRILL POSITIONS AND MOVEMENTS THE NEXT few pages of this text is devoted to a series of positions andmovements with which you must be thoroughly familiar. You should learn thesepositions and how to execute each movement in every detail before you attemptto perform with the group. The first of these positions is that of ATTENTION. Attention is a standing position assumed by military personnel upon command. The commander brings the men/women to attention from any of the rest positions except fall out by issuing the command ( ..Flight, (Sqdn, Group) ATTENTION.·) Like all other commands, the command to call the unit to attention should be given with a rhythmic flow of language and with a command voice that reflects enthusiasm and authority. Notice how these qualities are reflected in Ill.l. Illustration 1 At the preparatory command, they will assume the position of parade rest.At the command of execution, ATTENTION, they assume the position of attention. To be at attention, the airman must meet these standards: 1. Heels should be together or as close together as the conformationof the body will permit with the feet turned outward forming an angleof 45 degrees. 2. Legs are straight without stiffness or locking of knees, body erectand with hips level, chest is lifted and arched, and shoulders even. 3. Arms hang straight without stiffness with thumbs along trouser seams.The backs of the hands are held outward with fingers curved. 4. Head is erect and to the front so that the axis of the head and neckis vertical, and the line of sight is parallel to the ground. 5. Stand in a silent and immobile position with body weight equally resting on the heels and balls of both feet. Each of the cadets in Ill. 2 is supposed to be standing at attention.Study each airman carefully and answer the questions that follow. 13 Illustration 2. 1. Which of the ca.de ts iu Ill. 2 do you think are not meeting the prescribed standards (rules) for standing at perfect attention? 2. The men in A and C are both breakittg one or more of the prescribed rules. Let's look at Cadet A first. What is he doing that is incorrect? a. Cadet A. b. Cadet .B. c. Cadet C. a. He is standing with his legs straight and with feet properly placed. His boat weight appears to be resting on both feet. 14 b. His arms are straight with the backs of his hands turned outward andfingers curved. l~ c. His head is erect and to the right with the line of sight parallel to the ground. lllustr::ttion 2. 15 3. Cadet A, as you probably observed, has his heaJ turned slightly to the right instead of to his front. :.itatement "c" should have been checked. Here again is Ill. 2. Observe the cadet in Ill. 2C and identify what is wrong with his posture. Illustration 2. a. His ne<.1d is erect and to the front with line of vision parallel to the ;:;round. b. His weight is properly balanced on both leEs which are held straight wi tl1 heels together anu toes apart and forming an angle. c. His arms are straignt with hands and fingers in the proper position. 16 State,ae.lt "b" is the one you sl10uld have cheeked. 'l.'lte cadet i.s :ueeting all of the standa~ds requi~ed to stand at attention except his feet are not for111ing the t~5 degr•3e anJle as ~equi ~eel. The 11ext group of positions to be considered are those of rests. They art! Parade ~est, At Ease, Rest, and Fall Out. All are executed from the halt and o·nly f~om the position of attention. Parade Rest: 'fhe command for this position is "Parade, Rest." At the command of execution, REST, you will assume the position of parade rest by doing the fo ll.owing • l. ~love the left foot smartly outward from the Lieht foot 12 inches. Keep legs straight with the weight of the body equally divided OG both feet. 2. Simultaneously, with a~ms fully extended, place your han<..is behind you with the palms turned to the rea~, thumbs and finge ~s of the left hand clasving the rizht hand, and with the right fi.o.gers straight. 3. :.>ilence and immobility are required while standing at parade rest. B Illustration 3. 17 The men in Ill. 3 are supposed to be in positions of parade rest depicting the front, rear, and side views. Carefully observe the positions of each and see if you can detect anything the cadets are not doing correct or not doing at all, then answer the questions that follow. 4. Which of the cadets in Ill. 3 do you think is not standing at the position of parade rest? a. The cadet in Ill. 3 A b. The cadet in Ill. 3 B c. The cadet in Ill. 3 c. 5. Cadet A and B are both apparently standing at parade rest. However, it is quite obvious that something is wrong with cadet C and that some corrections must be made to put him at parade rest. Check the following which you think cadet C should do to put him in the correct position of parade rest. a. Adjust his feet so that they are 12 inches apart and in line and distribute the weight of his body equally on both feet. Move his head so that it is erect with face forward and with the line of sight parallel with the ground. Place his hands behind him with thumb and fingers of his left hand clasping his right hand with palms of both hands to the rear. d. Drop his hands to his sides with thumbs along trouser seams, backs of hands outward, and fingers curved. e. Place his heels together and spread the toes of his right foot so that they form angles of 45 degrees. The cadet in Ill. 3 C would be standing at parade rest by executing the movements as stated in items "a" and "c" above. Study the following positions and movements carefully, then answer the questions that follow. At Ease: You will assume this position when the combined command "AT EASE" is given. While in the position of at ease, you will keep your right foot in place and remain silent. However, you may move any part of your body except the right foot in any manner desired to help you to feel comfortable. Rest: When the command '"REST.. is given, you will assume the rest position. The only requirement with which you must comply is to keep your right foot on the ground and in place. Silence and immobility are not required. Fall Out: Upon hearing the command '"FALL OUT" you may leave the ranks but you must remain in the immediate area. 18 - Fall In: The command "FALL IN• means t~J resume your former place in thepre8cribed fonuation and stand at attention unt ll further orders are given. A'1.swer all of the following questions then compare yours with the answerswe !v!Ve supplied. 6. Caclet Jones has bee~ given a cornnand that permits her to leave theranks ,'ind ti:llk to another c:tdet who has been watchine the flight drill. \.fuichof the following commands when ex:ecuted permits Cadet Jones to do this? a. AT EASE. b. FALL OUT. c. RI!ST. d. PARADE RFST. 7. Without moving his right foot or uttering a word, Cadet Brown punchesthe cadet on his left and points toward two girls walking by about 50 yardsto his right. In what position is Cadet Brown which permits him to do this?(Check two) a. AT EASE. b. FALL OUT. c. REST. d • PARADE REST. 8. The cadets in Flight A have been given the command "FALL IN. • Whatis each cadet supposed to do? a. Assume his/her former place in the prescribed formation and stand atparade rest. b. Assume his/her former place in the prescribed formation and stand atthe rest position. c. Assume his/her former place in the prescribed formation and stand atattention. d. Assume the place designated for him/her in the specific formationannounced when the command was given. Now check your answers to see if they correspond with these: 6o b, 7 o a and co (~Je know that Cadet Brown is at ease since he is permittedto move. He might also be at rest position but did not choose to talk.) 8. c. 19 The Facing movements you will study at this time are Right Face, Left Face, Half Right Face, Half Left Face, and Face to the Rear. All five of these facing movements are executed from the halt while standing at attention, and all of them are two-count movements executed in quick time. Before going any further, read the extract below from AFM 50-14. 3-4. Facings: a. All facings are executed from the halt and in quick time. b. To face to the right, the command is Right, FACE . This is a two-count movement. At the command FACE the airman raises the left heel and right toe slightly and makes a 90° turn to the right on the right heel assisted by a slight pressure on the ball of the left foot, in one count. The airman holds the left leg straight without stiffness. On the second count, the left foot is placed smartly beside the right foot as at attention. Arms are held as at attention when executing this movement. c. Left, FACE is executed by turning on the left heel and ball of the right foot. d. When instructions are being given for 45° movements, the command Half Right (Left), FACE may be used. The procedures as described in the foregoing are used except that each person executes the command by facing 45 to the right or left. e. In facing to the rear, the command is About, FACE. This is a two-count movement. At the command FACE, the airman moves the ball of the right foot to a position touching the ground so that the toe is approximately one-half of the foot's length to the rear and slightly to the left of the left heel. This is the first count of the movement. The position of the left foot is not changed and the right leg is kept straight without stiffness. Most of the weight of the body is resting on the heel of the left foot. On the second ~ount, the airman shifts the weight of the body to the ball of the right foot. The individual faces to the rear, turning 180° to the right on the left heel and the ball of the right foot. At the completion of the turn the feet are in the attention position. Arms do not swing in the movement but must be held as at attention. As you read the extract from AFM 50-14 above, you should have observed several things that are unique in regard to the facing movements. Some similarities and differences of such facings as Right and Left Face, Half Right and Half Left F.ace, and Face to the Rear are obvious. You should have also noticed that there are four general rules that apply to the five facing movements mentioned above'. 20 9. Check them from the following list. ~ a • All are executed in quick time. . 1 b. All are executed with most of the weight on the left foot. c. All are executed from the position of attention. d. All are executed from the halt. e. All are executed in two counts. f. All are executed on the second of the two counts. Statement "b" applies to only one movement, Face to .the Rear. Statement"f" is not true since all of the facings are two-count movements. Statements"a," "c," "d," and "e" are correct and should have been checked. The following are the procedures for executing each of the facing movements. Right Face: To the right, the command is "Right FACE." At the command ofexecution, which is the count of ONE, raise your left heel and right toe andpivot 90 degrees to the right on your left toe and right heel. At the countof TWO, bring your left foot forward, and place it beside your right foot atthe position of attention. Study the Ill. 4 carefully, then answer thequestions that follow. A B _ L___________________________ Illustration 4. 21 10. \fuich Cadet in Ill. 4 is illustrating the correct position of the feet that is assumed with the preparatory command? a. Cadet A. b. Cadet B. c. Cadet G. d. Cadet D. 11. Which Cadet in Ill. 4 is illustrating the position of the feet when count number ONE is _given? a. Cadet A. b. Cadet B. c. Cadet G. d. Cadet D. 12. If the commands are given and the movements executed in quick time, how long should the time be between movements C and D in Ill. 4? a. One-half count. b. Two counts. c. One-fourth count. d. One count. Your responses to the three preceding questions should be 10. a, 11. b and c, 12. a. Left Face. The command and movements used to execute left face are the same as those used to execute right face with these exceptions: 1. For the preparatory command, the word left is used instead of right. 2. The foot movements and the direction of pivot are just the opposite to those used to execute right face. 13 • Remember these changes as you read the following, then select the narrative that contains the correct procedures for executing left face. a. Raise the left heel and right toe with the command of execution and pivot 90 degrees to the left on the right heel and left toe. At the count of nm, place the right foot beside the left foot at the position of attention. b. Raise the left toe and right heel with the command of execution and pivot 90 degrees to the left on the left heel and right toe. At the count of TWO, place the right foot beside the left foot at the position of attention. You might be able to perform left face by following the procedures listed in "a" above, but you are likely to damage your shoe shine during the process. To correctly execute left face, follow the procedures listed in paragraph "b". 22 Half Right (Left) Face: The com~nands and movemer1ts used to ex:ecnte half right and half left face are the same as those used to execute right face and left face with these two mcceptions: 1. For the preparatory command, the word half precedes the word right (left) thus making the total command "Half Right (Left), FACE." 2. The pivot will be to the right (left) only 45 degrees at the count of ONE instead of the 90 degree pivot made when executing right (left) face. Assume that the four cadets in Ill. 5 were first standing at attention facing the same direction as that depicted by Cadet A. Compare Cadets B, C, and Cadet D with Cadet A and determine the facing movement each has ex:ecuted. I Bl I I I I I I I I ----.J L --__ j A c Illustration S. 14. Cadet B has performed: a. Right Face. b. Half Right Face. c. Half Left Face. d. Face to the Rear. 15. Cadet C has performed: a. Right Face. b. Left Face. c. Half Right Face. d. Face to the Rear. 23 16. C3det D has perfor,ned: a. H:llf ~ight Face. b. Half Left Face. r:. Left Face. d. F3ce to the Rear. 17. Cadet A has performed: a. Right Face. b. Face to the Rear. c. Half Left Face. d. None of the abov:e. ~ Your responses to(the questions above should be 14. b, 15. b, 16. d, and 17. d. ! \ ,,r. You should knoiN 'b)r no\~ hoiN to ex:ecute Right Face, Left Face, Half Right Face, and Half Left Face. The last of the faeing 'novements is Face to the Rear. This movement is difficult for most cadets, so study the movements carefully. Face to the Rear: The command for this facing movement is "About. FACE." At the command of execution, FACE, which is also the count of ONE of the tiNo count l!lOvement, place the ball of your right foot approximately one-half foot's length to the rear and slightly to the left of the left foot. On the count of TWO, turn to the right 1130 degrees by pivoting on the ball of the right foot and the left heel. After completing the turn, your feet should be at the position of attention. Remember to keep your arms at the attention position throughout the rnovement. Carefully observe Ill. 6 for the correct positions of the move•nent, then answer the questions that follow. J, I _r? "'·· , : ,=o, !• c_-J( \ ,'I \..·~\/'·N~ \ I ' \"\-i'-_1: L___ ! -,-1 \. J· .. r) (' •• ~v ' , I I ' f1 I -...; ,, ~ A c 18. 1-Jot.i.ce that the ce1det in Ill. 6o has placed his feet in the correct position to do an about face by pivoting 180 degrees to the right on the ball of his right foot and the heel of his Left foot. At what poi~t in the series of events did he place his feet in this position? a. As the preparatory command "AI>out'' was 5ive lt. b. As the command of execution "FACE" was given. c. At the count of Ol~t; of the two count :novement. d. At the count of TiVO of the two count movement. Items "b" and "c" are correct. Although the movement is executed in two counts, the count of Oi~L and the command of execution are simult'ineous. 19. On which count of tt1e t~w count :rrove:aent should the cadet in IlL 6C have e;.cecuted the 180 degree pivot to the right? a. On count ONE of the two count movement. b. On count TWO of the ti.Yo count movement. The pivot should have been executed on count TWO. Questions for Review 1. which of the folloi.Ying apply to the position of attention? a. Stand in an immobile position ~lith the body weight on the heels and balls of both feet and remain silent iJ, The left foot Ls placed out\Jard about U. inches from the right foot. c. The legs are straight with heels placed together and with feet turned outward forraiag dn <-mgle of 45 degrees. d. In this position, your o.1ly the ground and in place. requireraent is to keep the right foot on e. The toes are together with the of 45 degrees, and the head is with the line of sight. heels turned outward forming an angle forward forming an angle of 45 degrees f. Arms hang straight without stiffness with thumbs along backs of hands turned outward with fingers curved. trouser seams, 2. Which of the following cadets is standing at parade rest? a. Cadet X has her feet approximately 12 inches apart, her hands behind her back with the left hand thumb and fingers gripping ri.ght hand. 3ne is standing motionless and silent. are the b. Cadet Y is keeping his right foot in place and is silent. he is scratching his nose with his right forefinger. However, 25 3. By command, Cadet Sims places the ball of her right foot behind and At the count of TWO, Cadet Sims is slightly to the left of her left heeL supposed to: a. Excute right face by pivoting 90 degrees to the right on the ball of her right foot and left toe. b. Execute face to the rear by pivoting LBO degrees to the right on the ball of her right foot and leE t hee1. c. Observe the cadet in front of her and perform the same movements. 4. If you raise your left toe and right heel, your feet are in position to execute which of these movements. a. Face to the Rear. b. Right Face or Half Kight Face. c. Left Face or Ralf Left Face. 5. Two general rules that apply to all facing movements are: a. Keep arms down and at the attention position throughout each movement. b. Let arms move as needed to help maintain balance. c. All facing movements are executed fr01a the parade rest position. d. Before starting and after completing a facing movement, you should be be standing at attention. 6. When you hear the command "FALL IN," you will assume your fonner place in the formation and do which of the following? a. Stand at parade rest and wait for the next ~ommand. b. Stand at attention and wait for the next command. c. Stand at any of the rest positions and wait for the next command. Now check your answers to the review questions with these: 1 • a , c , and f • 3. b. 5. a and d. 2. a. 4. c. 6. b. are You have just completed a study of positions and movements that executed while standing but not marching. They are: (1) Attention, (2) Parade Rest, (3) At l!:ase, (4) Rest, (5) Fall Out, (6) Fall In, (7) Right and Left Face, (8) Half tUght and Half l..eft Face, and (9) Face to the Rear. 26 SECTION FOUR DRILL TERMS AFTER STUDYING the positions and movements that can be accomplished whilestanding but not marching, let's consider how these skills will be used. But, first, we will review the definitions fo terms used in conjunction with the marching movement. The definition of "drill" as "the art or exercise of training military personnel in military skills and discipline'' can stand further clarification, especially for most Air Force ROTC cadets. You will proceed in this study byreading the narrative below and performing the exercise that follows. Leadership training is one of the major objectives of the Air Force ROTC Program at every location where cadet training takes place. One of the simplest and most effective ways to teach leadership in the military service is through individual and unit drill. Drill is a necessary skill in the military profession; and, when done well, it has a unifying effect that promotes discipline, teamwork, and esprit de corps within the unit. For the individual, drill can be a major factor in the development of poise, neatness, precision, confidence, and high morale. 1. Place a check beside each of the following which you think the individual is likely to learn on the drill field. 1. To recognize the effect of his/her actions on the group. 2. To respond to vested authority. 3. The fundamentals of military justice. 4. To follow orders. 5. Principles of military discipline. 6. Individual poise, precision, and confidence. 7. The principles of navigation. 8. Orderly movement of military personnel from one formation to anotheror from one place to another. All of the preceding items should have been checked except 3 and 7. Somepeople might argue that the fundamentals of military justice and theprinciples of navigation can also be learned on the drill field. We now know that military drill is the art or exercise of trainingmilitary personnel in military skills and discipline and consists of certainmovements by which military personnel are moved in an orderly manner from oneformation to another or from one place to another. We normally think of military drill as something that is done by a unit.There are, however, a number of standard military terms, commands, positions, 27 and .novements that apply to the individual and with which every individual must be familiar if he/she is to perform with a unit. Not only are these standard terms essential to group drill, but a thorough knowledge of them will 1nake the contents of this text much easier to learn since they are used constantly throughout the text. Following is an extract from AF Hanual 50-14 which contains a list of the most frequently used terms pertaining to drill and the definition of each. Read them carefully because the next several pages are devoted to your use of the terms. l-6. Explanation of Terms: a. Adjutant, a ceremonial position occupied by the junior atember of the command staff in reviews and parades, and responsible to the troop or group commander. Adjutant's cadence is 140 steps per minute. b. Alinement, dress or cover. c. Base, the element on which a movement is planned, regulated, or alined. d. Cadence, the uniform step and rhythm in marching the number of steps marched per minute. e. Center, the middle point of a formation. On an odd-numbered front, the center is the center person or element. On an even-numbered front, the center is the right center person or element. f. Cover, each person alining him/herself directly behind the person to his/her immediate front while maintaining proper distance. g. Depth, the total space from front to rear of any formation. The depth of an individual is considered to be 12 inches. h. Distance, the prescribed space from front to rear between units. The distance between individuals in formation is 40 inches as measured from their chests to the backs of the persons directly in front of them. Flight commanders, guides, and others whose positions in formation are 40 inches from a rank are themselves considered a rank. i. Double time, rate of marching 180 steps (36 inches in length) per minute. j. Dress, alinement of elements side by side or in line rw:lintaining proper interval. k. Element, the basic formation; the smallest drill unit, comprised of at least three, but usually eight to twelve persons, one of whom is designated the element leader. 1. File, a single column of persons placed one behind the other (111.7). m. Final line, the line on which the adjutant forms the fr•Jnt rank of troops for a parade or review. n. Flank, the extreme right or left (troops' right or left) side of a formation in line or in column. o. Flight, two or rnore elements. p. Format ion, an arrangement of the units in any prescribed manner. 28 q. Fr0nt, the space occupied by a unit neasured froro flank to flank. The fcont of an individual is considered to -" be 22 i.r1ches. - r. Guide, the airmao designated to regulate the directloo and rate of march . . s. flearl, the leading unit of a column. t. In column, the ar.range•uent of un i. ts side by side with guide and element leaders at the head. u. Inverted column, the arrangement of units side by side with guide and element leaders to the rear. v. In line, the arrangemeot of units one behind the other with the guide and element leadecs to extreme fight flank. w. Inverted line, the arrangement of units one behind the other with guide and eleraent leaders to eKtrerne left flank. x. Interval, space between individuals placed side by side. :--Jonnal interval is an acrn's len3th. Close interval is 4 inches. y. Line of march, a line or path followed by the troops as they pass in review. z. Mark time, marching in place at the cate of 120 steps pee minute. aa. Mass focmation, the formation of a squadron or group in which the component units ace in colu•nn, iibreast of each other at close interval. bb. Pace, step of 30 inches. This is the length of a full step in quick time. cc. Post, the correct place foe an officer, non-commissioned officer, or airman to stand while in formation. dd. Quick time, the rate of marching at 120 steps (30, 15 or 12 inches in length) per minute. ee. ~{ank, a single line of persons placed side by side (Ill. 8). ff. Ready line, a forming line 20 paces to the reac of the final line where troops are focmed for a parade oc revievl at an established time before adjutant's call. gg. Reviewing officer, the senioc officer pacticipating in a parade oc review. hh. Slow time, the cate of marching at 60 steps per minute, used in funeral ceremonies. ii. Step, the prescribed distance measured from heel to heel between the feet of a marching person. jj. Unit, any portion of a given formation. 29 DDDDDDOD D D D D D --+i I-+-~ Illustration 7. Illustration 8. 2. Below is a list of eleven of the terms previously defined. Each of these terms can be associated with one of the two illustrations above. In the space provided beside each term, write the number of the illustration to which the term can be related. For example: the term In Line is defined as follows: "The arrangement of units one behind the other with the guide and element leaders to extreme right flank." The men in Ill. 8 are standing side by side therefore; they are in line. Number 2 should be written beside the term In Line. You may refer to the previous list of definitions as required. 2 1. In Line 5. Interval 9. Depth 2. In Column 6. Dress 10. A1inement 3. Fil,e 7. Rank 11. Head 4. Distance 8. Cover The only terms in the list above that might have given you trouble are Alinement (no. 10) and Head (no. 11). They can be associated with both illustrations. Here are the correct responses: 2 1. 2 s. 1 9. -2-10. 1 2. 2 6. 1 3. 2 7. 1 11. 1 4. 1 8. Here are Illustration numbers 7 and 8 again. Notice the terms and lines point to the illustrations as appropriate. 30 In Column File Distance Cover Depth Head Illustration 7 In Line Interval DressRankAlincment Illustration 8. 31 So far, then, 11 of the terms necessary for an understanding of drill have been identified. These terms are: In Line, In Column, File, Distance, Interval, Dress, Rank, Cover, Depth, Alinement, and Head. Now, review the definition of the remaining terms from AFM 50-14: 1-6. Explanation of Terms: a. Adjutant, a ceremonial position occupied by the junior member of the command staff in reviews and parades, and responsible to the troop or group commander. Adjutant's cadence is 140 steps per minute. c. Base, the element on which a movement is planned, regulated or alined. d. Cadence, the uniform step and rhythm in marching the number of steps marched per minute. e. Center, the middle point of a formation. On an odd-numbered front, the center is the center person or element. On an even-numbered front, the center is the right center person or element. i. Double time, rate of marching 180 steps (36 inches in length) per minute. k. Element, the basic formation; the smallest drill unit, comprised of at least three, but usually eight to twelve persons, one of whom is designated the element leader. 1. File, a single column of persons placed one behinnd the other (Ill. 7). n. Flank, the extreme right or left (troops' right or left) side of a formation in line or in column. p. Formation, an arrangement of the units in any prescribed manner. q. Front, the space occupied by a unit :neasured from flar1k to flank. The front of an individual is considered to be 22 inches. r. Guide, the airman designated to regulate the direction and rate of march. z. Hark time, marching in place at the rate of 120 steps per minute. bb. Pace, step of 30 inches. This is the length of a full step in quick time. cc. Post, the correct place for an officer, noncommissioned officer, or airman to stand while in formation. dd. ~uick time, th·~ rate of marching at 120 steps (30, 15, or 12 inches in length) per minute. ee. Rank, a single line of persons placed side by side (Ill. 8) ff. Ready line, a forming line 20 paces to the rear ~f the final line where troops are formed for a parade or revi·~w at at an established time before adjutant's call. gg. Reviewing officer, the senior officer participating in a parade or review. hh. Slow tin1e, the rate of marching at 60 steps per minute. i.i.. Step, the prescribed dist.::mce 1neasured from heel to heel betwt~e'l the feet of a 1narching person. jj. Unit, any portion of a given for1 1,.;rhat "STAND FAST" is a little later on.) The preparatory command tells you what the rnovement is to be. The command of execution tells when the rt10Vement is to be executed. In the example above, Forward is the preparatory command, .qnd MARCH is the command of execution. Sometimes it is necessary to give commands in which the preparatory command an::l the command of execution are combined. "'FALL OUT"" is an example of drill command in which the preparatory command and the command of execution are combined. 9. In the exercise below, place a check in the space provided beside those commands which you think are combined drill commands. a. FALL IN b. '"A"' Flight, HALT c. AT EASE d. ..B" Flight, ATTENTION Commands "a" and "c" are examples of cornhined commands. Commands "b" and "d" both have distinct preparatory and execution commands. The ne:llld rrore tirne ts needed for complete understanding, the interval between the two co.nmands should be longer than one count or step. C· when the group is of squadr1)1l size or larger, the interval between the _t>reparatory and executi011 commands should be longer than one count or ~tep. Three counts or steps is the recommended interval here. All of the instances above are those that require •no re than one count or step between the preparatory co:nmand and the command of ex:ecution. Another important point to remernber in regard to timing is this: 2-4c. l;ive commands for executing mover.tents to the right when r.narch ine 111hen the right foot strikes the ground, and for movements to the left when the left foot str i.kes the ground. In commands containing two or more words, place the point of emphasis on the last '.wrd. For exa;·Iple, in Right Flank, "FLANK" is given ::w the right foot hits the ground. l..Jith two or ruo1~e words ia a com.nand such as those in Illustrations 13 and 14, the point of emphasis will be placed on the last word. RIGHT LEFT RIGHT LEFT RIGHT lEFT liiGHT lEFT I - A nl'l'l'i ~ Illi1str.::1ti.on 13. lllustr~tion 14. 45 Carefully read the two Eo llowing commands and answer the questions that follow. Use Ill. 11, 12, 13, and 14 as needed. After you have answered all of the questions, check your answers against the correct responses just below the last question. PR~~PARATORY COHMANO COHMAND OF EXECUTION Right Flank," "MARCH" 20. W:1lch word in the preparatory command should be emphasized? a. Right. b. Flank. c. MARCH. 21. l.rhich foot should be striking the ground when the word Flank is pronounced by the commander? a. The right foot b. The left foot 22. \{hich foot sh·Juld be striking the ground when the command of execution ~lARCH is given? a. The right foot. b. The left foot. 23. How long should the interval normally be between the last word of the preparatory command and the command of ex:ecution if the total formation is of flight size or less? a. One count or step between commands. b. Two counts or steps between commands. c. Three steps or counts between commands. 24. How long should the interval normally be between the last word of the preparatory command and the command of execution if the total formation is larger than that of a flight? a. One count or step between commands. b. Two counts or steps between commands. c. Three steps or counts between commands. Here are the correct responses to the above questions: 20. b, 21. a, 22. a, 23. a, 24. c. The last item pertaining to cadence is that of counting cadence. There are several reasons for counting cadence. Here's what AFM 50-14 says about it. 46 2-5. Counting Cadence: ""-a. The instructor counts c'lde,1ce to acquai'lt ne~N air.uen ~Ni_th cadence rhythm. Hhen the trainees get out of step, the i.nstructor either corrects them by counting cadence or halts the element and then moves them off in step. Counting cadence helps to teach co ordination and rhythm. To help keep in step, encourage an air:nan to keep the head up and the head and shoulders of the person directly in front. Avoid excessive cadence countiag. 25. One primary reason for the instructor to count cadence and for having new airmen count cadence while practicing drill is to acquaint them with rhythm and timing. Two other good reasons for having new aicuen count cadence while practicing drill are included in the list belo\.r. Identify them. a. Counting cadence while drilling helps prevent airmen fran talking while in formation. b. Countiag cadence whiL~ drilling helps to keep the airmen in step. c. Counting cadence while drilling helps the troops to individually learn coordination and rhythm. Statements "b" and "c" are the items you should have checked. Commanders, (or those acting in behalf of commanders) have a more stringent and direct approach to solving discipline problems such as the one stated in item a above. How do you go about getting the troops to count cadence? This is what AFM 50-14 says about it. 2-Sb. The command for the ele,.uent to count cadence is Count Cadence~ COUNT. Give the command of execution as the left foot strikes the ground. The next ti1ue the left foot strikes the ground, the group counts cadence for eight steps, as follows: ONE~ TWO~ THREE~ FOUR; ONE~ TWO~ THREE~ FOUR. The counts are rwt shouted, but are given sharply and clearly, separating each number distinctly. 26. \.fuen are the met:1dy of c::. given \ri. th a un i. hrm and r!1yt hm.ic flow of language with the k2y worJ~ tJroperly timed to •.~n:-tble the troops to perfDrrn Vlith preeislon <-Htd acc,1raey. 2. An interval of one step will be per•uitted between the preparat<)ry eommand and the C01U:uand •)f execution except the follo•¥Lng conditi.ons Ylhere three steps will be perrni.tted betwe•~n C(.)mmands. a. \fuen a formation is of squadron s.iz,:~ or larger, ?. When a supplementary command rnust be givelt to one eleraent of the total formation, and ~. When the !110vement to be e){ecuted is con.sidered difficult or complicated. 3. For move;nent8 to be executed t•) the 1~~ f t, the commands ·,;ill be given and the >11overnents e){ecuted as the left foot ,;trik(~s the grou11d. For movements to be cxec•1ted to the ri.ght, the commands :.rill be given and the 1110vernents e){ecut:ed as the right foot ,; trikes the grour:vi. 4. Cou11ting c.ad.:!nce is done to in8tlll rhythm and coordination into the airruen. The command i.8 "Count Cadence. amNT." given i11 rhyt1un as the left foot strikes the ground. 48 Flight Leaders T til,~ basi.c unit fur drill, and it is tlw basic co:nponent of a Lir.:;er or~aniz;.J.ti.<)ll b:..nown as t'.te '''luadron. These units of drill are guided by u.:rtai.n leaders. T~e leaders for the flight will include 3. flight commander, a fli;shL sergeaat, a fli,:;ht 6Uide, an element leader, and an assistant element leader. Throughout this tex:t, the leaders of the flight and squadron are n~preser1ted by symbols. See lll. 15 for these symbol3. l 4 2 CSJ ASSI:3TANT ~ FLIGHT SER.Gi':ANT ~~U·;~!ENT U:A.OER 6 FLIGHT C0f>it1ANDER Illustration 15. 28. Just to be sure that you remember the men/women that make up a flight, write the title of the individual represented by the following symbols in the appropriate space provided. 1. ~ 2. i j. CJ :t 4. ~ ,. _1. rsJ 6. cfu 49 Your responses to the previous exercise should be: 1. Element leader. 4. Flight Sergeant. 2. Flight Commander. 5. Assistant element leader. 3. Airman. 6. Flight guide. In addition to the flight commander, the flight sergeant, and the guide, another individual plays an important role and contributes much to the success of the flight drill. He is known as the drill instructor. Read paragraphs 1-7 and 4-1 that follow and see what AFM 50-14 has to say about the drill instructor. 1-7. DRILL INSTRUCTORS. b. The commander gives all commands to the units except when command is delegated to a subordinate. Regardless of grade, when an instructor is in charge of an individual or unit, authority is derived from the commander and is the same as that of the com mander. c. For drill instruction, movement of troops, and other formations, make every effort to have the senior member present assume a leadership position. Avoid placing persons of higher rank in subordinate formation positions, or activity whenever possible. 4-1. The Flight as the Basic Drill Unit. The first phase of drill inv·olves teaching the airman the basic movements, facings, and positions, either as an individual or as a member of an element. The second phase of drill merges the individual with others to form a flight in which base formations and marchings are learned. This chapter is concerned with the flight, which is composed of two or more elements. This formation has been found to be the most practical drill group. In flight drill, the positions of the flight commander, flight sergeant, and the guide assume importance. The drill instructor may assume any of these titles and positions for the purposes of instruction. When in column, the flight is sized according to height and with the tallest individuals to the front and right. Ev~ry effort should be made to retain individuals of highest rank in positions occupied by element leaders and guides. 29. Although the drill instructor has no official title or rank within the flight, when he/she is in charge an of an individudal or unit, he/she has the same authority as that of the commander. With this amount of authority, which of the following activities do you think the drill instructor can do when he/she is conducting the drill? a. Form the flight and dismiss the flight. b. Assume the titles and positions of the flight commander, flight sergeant, and the guide for the purposes of instruction. 50 c. Place the ~en/women in column with the t.'illest individuals placed tothe right and front. d. Retain air~en of the highest rank in positions occupied by squadleaders and guides possible. For drill purposes, the drill instructor has the authority to do all ofthe activities listed. However, he/she will normally share these responsi bilities with the flight sergeant since the serge.'lnt has the permanentposition and rank within the flight. A.s you advance in rank, it is likely that you will be called upon toinstruct new cadets in some of the movements involved in drill. Readparagraph 1-8 of A.FM 50-1-!• below which lists some effective instructional procedures. Then perform the exercises that follow. 1-8. Drill Instruction: a. The following step-by-step procedure has proved to be aneffective means of teaching drill movements: ( 1) State the name of the movement to be executed and pointout its purpose. (2) Give the command to be used and identify its parts-thepreparatory command and the command of execution. (3) Demonstrate the movement to the formation using theproper cadence and commands. Also demonstrate proceduresfor each unit when they vary. ( 4) State the requirement for the movement. (5) Explain and demonstrate the movement slowly in detail. (6) Ask questions on the movement, then demonstrate it againas in step (3). (7) Instruct the formation on how they will perform (that is,as an individual, fLight, element, by the numbers, etc.).Have the format ion perform, make on-the-spot correct ions. (8) Critique the performance of the movement and reviewimportant areas before moving on to the next exercise. b. By the numbers is the method by which precision movements of two or more counts are demonstrated, practiced, and learnedone count at a time. (1) This method enables the airman to learn step by step andpermits the instructor to make detailed corrections. Theinstructor commands By the Numbers before giving co,nmandsfor the movements. Example: By the Numbers, About FACE.The first count of the movement is executed on the commandof execution FACE. The second count .is executed on com...! mand, Ready TWO. (The pivot is the second count.) (2) All subsequent movements are executed by the numbers until the command Without the Numbers is given. For example,in teaching right and left face, the command By the Num bers is given at the beginning of the pract.i.cal exercise.Each facing is repeated several tirnes by the numbers untilthe instructor gives Without the Numbers. Subsequent movements are ex:ecuted in the cadence of quick time. 51 30. Here is a scrambled list of the eight steps listed in paragraph l-8a of AFM 50-14. Place these steps in the correct sequence by writing the step number in the space beside the item. The first one has been completed for you. 8 a. Critique the performance of the movement and review important areas before moving on to the next exercise. b. State the requirement for the movement. c. State the name of the movement to be executed and point out its purpose. d. Demonstrate the movement to the formation using the proper cadence and commands. Also demonstrate procedures for each unit when they vary. e. Give the command to be used and identify its parts the preparatory command and the command of execution. f. Ask questions on the movement, then demonstrate it again as in step (3). g. Explain and demonstrate the movement slowly in detail. h. Instruct the formation on how they will perform (that is, as an individual, flight, element, by the numbers, etc.). Have the formation perform: make on-the-spot corrections. Here are the correct responses: a. 8 d. 3 g. 5 b. 4 e. 2 h. 7 c. 1 f. 6 31. Paragraph l-8b of AFM 50-14 explains how to perform precision movements by the numbers. What is the chief advantage of this method of instruction? a. This method enables the airman to learn each movement slowly step-by-step and permits the instructor to make detailed corrections. b. This method enables the airman to perform at his/her own pace and to compare his/her performance with the performance of others. Your response to question 31 above should have been "a." As his title implies, each officer and airman who makes up the flight has certain duties and responsibilities when drill activities are taking place. The flight commander is the one with the highest rank and is in command of the flight. The flight guide is considered to be an important position within the flight. His/her chief duties are to set the direction and the pace of the march and to establish the base element. The airman at the head of each element, known as the element leader, must set a pattern for the element members to follow and must maintain the prescribed interval. The flight sergeant is responsible to flight commander for the organization and general conduct of the flight. 32. Each of the following items contains a brief statement of the primary duty of each member of the flight. Read the statement and then write the title of the individual who carries this responsibility in the space beside the statement. 52 1. This individual is in command of the flight. 2. This individual is at the head of the element and is responsible for maintaining the proper interval. 3. ----------This individual regulates the direction and rate of march and establishes the base element. 4. This individual is second in command and is held responsible to the commander for the total flight formation and actions. Your responses to the statements above should be: 1. Flight Commander. 2. Element leader. 3. Flight guide. 4. Flight sergeant. 33. To form the flight, the flight sergeant will first take a post and face the assembly space where the flight is to be formed. When he/she gives the command "FALL IN," the flight guide and the element leaders will take their posts to the right of the formation (to the left of the flight sergeant) far enough to allow the first element to center on and be three paces from the flight sergeant. The remainder of the troops will take their posts in line to the left of their respective element leaders. To help you to better understand, examine Ill. 16 and locate flight sergeant, the flight guide, and the element leaders. Then draw their symbols in the appropriate blocks. cr 3 PACES D D o 1o D D 1st Element D D D D D 2nd Element D D D D D 3rd Element D D D D D 4th Element Illustration 16 53 I'Jow compare the symbols you placed i:1 the blocks with the cor.rect locations as shown in Ill. 17. The flight sel:'geartt should be .'it the top (;enter and the guilie an.d ·~lement le~ders should be to the right of the formation. lst Element ~ 3 PACES Dl~ 2nd Element D D--c8J 3rd Element cs;J D D I i I 4th Element ~ CSJ D D-.--CJ-C8J INTERVAL: ARMS LENGTH DISTANCE: 40 INCHES lllus tration 17 54 Guide Rules for the Guide. As stated earlier in this text, the guide isconsidered to be an important element of the flight since he/she isresponsible for the direction and cadence of the march. Being a leadec forthe entire flight, it is essential that all flight membecs know his/herlocation at all times. To accomplish this, certain rules have beenest<:iblished to govern his/her position and •novetnents during flight dril1.Here are the rules for the guide extcacted from AFH 50-14. Read themcare fully. 4-2. RULC:S FOR THE GUIDE: a. The guide sets the direction and cadence of themarch. The leading person in each file is responsiblefor the interval. The guide of the leading flight of asquadron in column sets the direction and cadence ofmarch for the squadron. b. ~·fuen a flight in line is given the command Right,FACE, the guide executes right face with the flight.Then the guide immediately faces to the right inmarch.ing and marches to a position in front of the rightfile, halts, and executes left face. c. 1-lhen a flight marching in column is given thecommand Right (Left) Flank, MARCH or To the Rear,MARCH, the guide executes the movement. The relativeposition of the guide does not change within the flightexcept when the flight is halted in line in such amanner that the guide is not abreast of the front rank,then the guide moves to a position abreast of the frontrank. d. Unless otherwise announced, the guide of a flight inline or in column, in rnarching or at a halt, is right.When it is desired to change the base for a movement,the new position of the guide is assigned preceding thepreparatory command for the movement. The dress isalways to the base element. "=• lvhen in column and it is desiced to guide left, thecommand GUIDE LEFT is given. At this command, theguide and the flight commander exchange positions bypassing right shoulder to right shoulder. To return theguide to the normal position, GUIDE RIGHT is given. Theguide and flight commander return to their normal positions by again passing right shoulder to ri~tt shoulderto right shoulder. The movement can be made either at ahalt or while marching. f. When a flight in column is given the command to forma single file, the guide, on the preparatory command, takesthe position in front of the file that will move first. 55 g. When flight in column is given the command to form a column of twos, the guide, on the preparatory command, takes the position in front of the right file of the column of twos that will move first. h. When reforming in a column of fours from a file or a column of twos, the guide posts himself in the normal position when the movement is completed. i. Normally the flight is marched with the element leaders and guide at the head of the column. 34. Paragraph 4-2d of AFM 50-14 states that unless otherwise announced, the guide of a flight in line or in column, in march or at a halt, is right. What is the guide supposed to do when a flight in line is given "Right, FACE?" a. The guide does a face to the rear and marches to a position in front of the center file wh ere he/she h alts and executes a left flank movement. b. The guide executes right face with the flight, immediately faces right in marching, and marches to a position in front of the right file where he/she halts and executes left face. Statement "b", is correct. 35. When the command Right, FACE is given, the guide will perform as prescribed in statement "b" above. Why is it necessary that he/she do this? a. So that he/she will be in the correct position for the men/women that make up the flight to dress to the base element on the right as is prescribed in paragraph 4-2b of AFM 50-14. b. So that he/she will be in better position to control the alinement of the men/women in the ranks that make up the flight. Statement "a", of course, is correct. 36. If the guide is to serve as a right guide, he/she must always move to a position where he/she will be on the right. Which of these movements would the guide execute if the flight is given the command "Left, FACE" while in column? a. The guide must execute face to the left in marching and march to a position in line with and to the right of the 1st element. He/she will then halt and stand at attention. b. The guide must execute the same movements that he/she executed when the flight was given Right, FACE in line, but they must be executed in reverse. Statement "a" is the correct procedure for the guide to execute if the flight is given the command Left, FACE when in column. What does the guide do when the flight is marching in column and either of these commands is given: Right (Left) Flank and To the Rear, MARCH? 56 Read paragraph c from AFM 50-14 again then select the correct alternative. 4-2c. When a flight marching in column is given the command Right(Left) Flank, MARCH or To the Rear, MARCH, the guide executes themovement. The relative position of the guide does not change within the flight except that when the flight is halted in line in sucha manner that the guide is not abreast of the front rank, then theguide moves to a position abreast of the front rank. 37. a. The guide executes the movements with the flight and maintains his/her relative position within the flight untilthe flight is halted in line. He/she will them move to aposition beside and to the right of the leading element. b. The guide executes the movements with the flight and thenassumes the double time march until he/she reaches a positionwhere he/she is in front of and to the right of the flight intheir new line of march. If you read paragraph 4-2c correctly, you checked statement "a" for thecorrect procedures of the guide when the flight is executing right or leftflank and to the rear movements. Let's next see what the guide is supposed to do when the flight changesfrom column of fours to a column of twos or changes to a single file. First,read paragraph 4-2f, g, and h of AFM 50-14. Then answer the questions thatfollow. f. When a flight in column is given the command to form a singlefile, the guide, on the preparatory command, takes the positionin front of the file that will move first. g. When a flight in column is given the command to form a columnof twos, the guide, on the preparatory command, takes the position in front of the right file of the column of twos that willmove first. h. When re-forming in a column of fours from a file or a column of twos, the guide posts himself in the normal position when themovement is completed. 38. Ill. 18 is an illustration of a flight that has just been given thecommand to form in single file. Which of the following is the correct movement for the guide? a. With the preparatory command, the guide will take his/her position infront of the file that will move first. b. With the command of execution, the guide will take his/her position infront of the file that will move first. The action prescribed in statement "a" corresponds with the rule. 57 0 i 181 1ST 2ND 3RD 4TH 12] ~ 1:8:1 ~ D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D 0 D D D D D D D lSJ rs:J rs:J [S) Illustration 18 39. Hhat is the correct movement of the guide when the flight is reforming in a column of fours from a single file or from a column of twos? I a. The guide will take his/her normal position in front of the 1st column (element) when the move is completed. b. The guide will take his/her normal posit ion in front of the 4th column (element) when the move is completed. The normal position of the guide when the flight is in a column is in front of the column on the right. If there are four columns, his/her normal position is in front of the 4th column. The last rule of the guide that we will study has to do with the change in the base element for certain movements. Here is how paragraph 4-2d and 4-2e of AFM 50-14 explains it. Read it first and then use it as a reference when needed to answer the questions that follow. d. Unless otherwise announced, the guide of a flight in line or in columns, in marching or at a halt, is right. When it is desired to change the base for a movement, the new position of the guide is assigned preceding the preparatory command for the movement. The dress is always to the base element. e. I.Jhen in column and it is desired to guide left, the command GUIDE LEFT is given. At this command, the guide and the flight commander exchange positions by pass:ing right shoulder to right shoulder. To return the guide to the normal position, GUIDE RIGHT is given. The guide and flight commander return to their normal i.JOsitions by again passing right shoulder to right shoulder. The movement can be made either at a halt or while marching. 58 40. lll. 18 depicts is a flight in 0 --, column with the base element (guide) in L8l normal position. \-.That i.s the guide sup- 1ST 2ND 3RD 4TH • 121 C8;J 1:81 ~ posed to ,Io when the command "GUIDELKFT" is given? 0 D D D 0 a. The guide and the flight sergeant 0 D D chan8e positior1 by ;no vi ng right D D D 0shoulder to right shoulder. 0 D 0 D b. The guide and the lst element leader D D D Dchange positions by L:J.ov.i.ng right 0 D D D shoulder to right shoulder. 0 D D D c. The guide and the flight commander lSl ISJ ISJ [S] change positions by movin~ right shoulder to right shoulder. Illustration 18. Paragraph 4-2c tells you that when the flight is in colu:nn and the com mand GUIOE LEFT is given, the 8uide and the flight commander change positionsby mov.i.ng right shoulder to r.i.ght shoulder. After making this exchange, the guide is in front of the lst column on the left which is the correct base element positiou for the flight to dress left when given the command to do so. 41. For the guide to return to his rwcmal position, the command "GUIOE_ RIGHT" is given. Which of the following is the correct procedure fo c tl1eguide and the flight commander to ceturn to their normal positions? a. By reversing the procedures mentioned in statement "c" above andpassing left shoulder to left shoulder. b. They l¥ill return to their normal positions by again passing rightshoulder to right shoulder-. Statement "b" is the corrt!ct procedure by lihich the guide i:ind flightcoonander will return to their norillal positions. 42. When is it permissible for the flight commander and the guide toexecute the GUIOE LEFT and the GUIOE RIGHT movernents? a. while the flight is in column and at a halt. b. While the flight is in colu,nn and :narching. c. Both "a" and "b" above. d. Neither "a" nor "c" above. The last sentence in para 4-2c of AFM 50-14 tells you that the move,Jlentcan be made either at a halt or while marching. Alternative "c" is the best answer to the question. 59 Guidon THE GUIDE is used primarily in conjunction with a flight movement. The guide for a squadron movement is known as the guidon. These two positions may be used interchangeably for training purposes. Manual of the guidon. The guidon is a small flag borne by a military unit usually of squadron size as a unit marker, and it is displayed at the squadron headquarters. During ceremonies and other activities prescribed by the squadron commander, the guidon is carried by a specially selected airman called the guidon bearer. When in formation, the guidon bearer is required to properly display the guidon. For the correct positions and movements of the guidon and the guidon bearer while standing at attention or at parade rest, and while marching quick time, double time, route step, or at ease, read paragraphs 5-12, 5-13, 5-14, and 5-15 below which have been extracted from AFM 50-14. Then answer the questions and perform the exercises that follow. Order Guidon. Order guidon is the position of attention. 5-12. The guidon bearer holds the guidon in a vertical position and keeps The guidon bearer the ferrule on the ground beside the right shoe. holds the staff in the right hand in the "V" formed by the thumb and by the fingers extended and joined. The right hand and arm are kept behind the staff with the arm bent naturally and the staff resting against the hollow of the shoulder. 5-13. Carry Guidon: a. Carry guidon is the position in which the ferrule is approx imately 6 inches from the ground. b. Facings, alinements, or formal marchings require carry guidon. The guidon bearer keeps the staff in a vertical position through out the movements and brings it to carry guidon on the preparatory commmand for the movement. c. When marching at route step or at ease, the bearer may hold the the guidon in either hand at the carry position. d. Carry guidon is executed at all preparatory commands while at the halt except parade rest, present arms, order arms, or attention. e. Parade rest is executed by sliding the hand up the staff and inclining the staff of the guidon forward at arm's length with the hand at belt level. f. At double time, the guidon bearer holds the guidon diagon ally across the body. The guidon bearer grasps the staff with the right hand at the position used at the carry with the right forearm horizontal and the elbow near the body. The staff is grasped with the left hand opposite the junction of the neck and left shoulder. g. When executing column movements and turns, the guidon bearer executes the movement on the command of execution and then moves 45° to the position in front of the leading rank. 60 h. ~Jhen tlte squadron is in column with the squadron cornmallder on the flank, the guidon bearer's position is fivepaces in front of and cer1tered ou the front rank of theleading flight. 5-14. To Execute Order Guidon While at Carry Guidon. The guidon bc::ar(~r lets the staff slide through the right hand until the ferrule is Oil the ground in line with and touching the toe of therlght shoe. The staff ls regr!isped with the hand as at the carryposition. 5-15. To Execute Carry Guidon While at Order Guidon. The guidon be:-tn:!r grdsps the staff with the left hand while at the same time loosenir1g the erip of the right hand on the staff. The guidon is t'1rough the right hand until the ferrule is 6 inches from the ground. The guidon hearer then regrasps the staff with the right hand and cut!:> the left hand away smartly to the left side. 43. \.Jltat does the euidon bearer do when the squadron is :narchttl,-; in column and the command "Column Right, MARCH" is given? a. he/she executes the 1uov•~ment on the command of execution and theamove 4:1° to his/her position in front of the leading rank. b. He/she marehes forward four paces, executes column right, marches to his/her position in front of the leading rank, and then executescolumn 18ft. Tht! ~uidon bearer will execute column movements and turns on the command of execution and then move 45° to his/her normal position as stated in alt-=rnative "a" above. 44. .Fro1a Ill. 19, select either A, B, C, or [) and write the letter in the space beslde the statew.ent or question with which you think the figurecorresponds. c D I l! I i I I I I -/ i\1~!;!II I 1I I J Illustration 19. 61 1. This cadet is carrying the guidon correctly while marching double time. 2. This cadet is holding the guidon correctly for the position of attention or order guidon. 3. This cadet probably put the guidon at the position of CARRY GUIDON at the preparatory command of the command "Forward. MARCH.· 4. This cadet is illustrating the position of the guidon for marching route step or marching at ease. 5. The guidon was placed in this position by sliding the hand up the staff belt high and extending the guidon forward at arms length. Your responses should be: 1. D 4. B 2. A 5. C 3. B 45. Hhat movement is being executed when the guidon bearer lets the staff slide through his/her right hand until the ferrule is on the ground in line with and touching his/her right toe? a. Carry Guidon while at Order Guidon. b. Order Guidon while at Carry Guidon. Order Guidon while at Carry Guidon is correct. Once the ferrule is on the ground, the bearer will regrasp the staff with his/her hand. 46. Carry Guidon (Ill. 19B) is the position in which the ferrule is six inches above the ground. How does the bearer get the guidon from the Order Guidon position to the Carry Guidon position? a. Place the ferrule on the right toe, loosen the right hand grip on the staff, and raise the staff six inches from the ground with the right foot. Then regrasp the staff and lower the right foot. b. Grasp the staff with the left hand, loosen the right hand grip, and raise the staff upward six inches with the left hand. Then regrasp the staff with the right hand and cut the left hand sharply away and to the left side. To execute Carry Guidon while at Order Guidon, the bearer must follow the procedures listed in "b" above. Paragraphs 5-16, 5-17 and 5-18 list the procedures used to execute Present Guidon when at Carry or Order Guidon and the procedures used to execute Carry or Order Guidon when at the Present Guidon position. Read the information and then perform the exercises that follow. 62 ~ i 2nd STEP / 3rd STEP Illustration 20 5-16. To Execute Present Guidon When at Carry or Order Guidon.To execute present guidon when at cat"ry or order guidon whilemarching or at a halt, at the preparatot"y command Present orEyes, the guidon bearer raises the guidon vertically untilthe right arm is fully extended. At the same time, the lefthand is brought smartly across the chest to guide the staff.At the command of execution Amf) or RIGHT, the guidon bearerlowers the guidon straight to the front with the right armextended and the staff resting in the pit of the rightarm and cuts the left hand a'.Nay smartly to the left side.At the command RIGHT, of Eyes, liGHT, the guidon bearer turnsthe head and eyes in the same manner prescribed for' otherindividuals in the formation. At the preparatory command Ready, the guidon bearer r'aises the guidon vertically untilthe right arm is fully extended. At the same time the lefthand is brought smartly across the chest to guide the staff.At the command of execution FRONT, the guidon is returnedto the position of clirry and the head and eyes are turned tothe front. 5-17. To Execute Carry Guidon When at Present Guidon. On the preparatory command, the guidon bearer' raises the staff to thevertical position and at the same time brings the left armsmartly across the chest to let the left hand guide the staff.On the command of execution, the guidon bearer loosens thegrip of the left hand on the staff and with the right handlowers the guidon. The hand is used to steady the staff untilthe ferrule is approximately 6 inches from the ground and thenthe left hand is cut away smartly to the left side. 63 at Present Guidon. The guidon bearer executes order guidon as prescribed in the preceding paragraph except that after bringing the guidon to the carry position, the staff is permitted to slide through the tight hand. The staff is steadied with the left hand until the guidon is in the position of order eu.idon, and then the left hand is cut smartly away to the left side. 5-18. To Execute Order Guidon When 47. '.olhen the command Present, ARMS is given, all airmen within the salute until the formation wi11 execut•= a hand salute and hold the cornraand Order, AR&'fS is givert, whereupon the han:d is smartly dropped to the side. llha t vli11 the guidon bearer do when each of the commands above are given? Check the statements that are true. a. At the pr·~paratory command, Present, the bearer will change the guidon frora the right hand to the left and then salute with the right hand at the command of execution, ARMS. b. At the preparatory command, Order, the bearer will smartly lower his/her right hand and then change the guidon from the left hand to the right at the COiamand of execution, ARMS. c. At the preparatory command, Present, the bearer raises the guidon vert lcally with hia/her right arm fully extended and, at the same time, he/she brings his/her left hand smartly across his/her chest to guide the staff. d. At the comrnaild of execution, ORDER, the bearer lowers the guidon horizontally with his/her arm fully extended forward and then he/she smartly cuts his/her left hand away to the left side. is given, either e. \Vhen the command Order, ARMS the bearer will execute Carry Guidon or Order Guidon while at Present Guidon by reversing the procedures used to execute Present Guido,n while at Order Guidon or at Carry Guid•)!l. f. lf the command Eyes, RIGHT is given, the bearer will execute Present Guidon the same as if the command Present, ARMS had been given. In addi. tion, he/she will turn his/ller head ;and eyes right at the command of ex:ecution, RIGdT. The statements that are true and should have been checked are: "c," "e, and "f." 64 \..[hen outdoors and not in formation, the guidon bearer is required toexchange a salute under the same conditions as any other airman who rueets asenior officer or warrant officer. Read paragraph 5-19 below and find out howit is done. Then answer the question· that follows. 5~19. Individual Salute by Guidon Bearer When not in· Formation. tfuen at order guidon, the guidon bearer executes the salute with the left hand in a two-count movement. On the first count, the left arm is moved horizontally across the body with forearm and 1~rist straight, fingers and thumb extended and joined with palm down. The first joint of the forefinger touches the staff. On the second count, the left hand is cut smartly away to the side. The salute at carry guidon is executed in the same manner, except that the ferrule is approximately 6 inches frorn the ground. Salute at order Salute at carry 65 48. Select the alternative below that correctly completes this statement: The guidon Bearer will eKecutive a two count salute by: a. Using the same procedures as other military personnel except the salute will be executed with the left hand instead of the right. b. Using the same procedures as other military personnel except the left forearm will be moved horizontally across the body with the joint of the forefinger touching the staff. Statement "b" is correct. The bearer will render this individual salute as appropriate whether at order guidon or at carry guidon. Questions for Review 1. In what position is the guidon when the bearer holds the guidon in his/her right hand vertically with the ferrule touching his/her right toe? a. Order Guidon. b. Carry Guidon. c. Parade Rest. 2. In what position should the guidon be when the bearer is required to do facings, alinements, and formal marchings? a. Order Guidon. b. Carry Guidon. c. Carry Guidon Double Time. 3. When the bearer executes an individual salute, in what position should he/she be holding the guidon? a. Either at Order Guidon or at Parade Rest. b. Either at Order Guidon or at Present Guidon. c. Either at Present Guidon or at Carry Guidon. d. Either at Order Guidon or at Carry Guidon. 4. What movements will the bearer execute when the command "Eyes, RIGHT'' is given? a. Order Guidon and then turn his/her head and eyes right. b. Present Guidon and then turn his/her head and eyes right. c. Carry guidon and then turn his/her head and eyes right. S. When the flight is in formation, who sets the direction and pace of the march and establishes the base element?. a. The flight sergeant. b. The flight guide. c. The element leaders. 66 6. \~hen the flight i~ in li.ne formation, where is the correct location for the guide? a. In line \\lith the 1st element and one arms length to the right of the element leader.. b. Three paces to the front facing the center individual of the lst element. Correct ans\\'ers to the review questions above are: 1. a 4. b 2. b 5. b 3. d I). a 67 Section Five FLIGHT FORMATION NOW THAT YOU have studied drill positions, guide position, guidon position, and drill commands needed in the execution of drill, let's take a closer look at the forming of the flight. The forming of the flight into a marching unit includes the following steps: (1) close interval, (2) aligning the flight, (3) forming a single file the ranks and related movements, and reforming, (4) the opening and closing of and (5) leaving the ranks. First, let's study the forming of the flight in normal interval. Formation of the Flight. To begin with, read paragraph 4-3 extracted from AFM 50-14 and see what it says about the formation of the flight. 4-3. Formation of the Flight: a. The flight forms in two or more elements in line. b. At the command FALL IN, the guide takes the position to the flight sergeant's left so that the leading element will fall in centered on and three paces from the flight sergeant. Each individual extends the left arm laterally at shoulder height with the palm of the hand down and fingers extended and joined. Each individual turns the head and eyes 45° to the right. There are two exceptions: (1) The individuals on the right flank (guide, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th element leaders) extend their arms but look straight ahead. (2) The individuals on the left flank turn their heads and eyes 45° to the right but do not extend their arms. c. As soon as the proper interval has been obtained, the individuals drop their arms to their sides, simultaneously turn their heads and eyes to the front without command, and remain at attention. d. The other elements form in the rear of the leading element at a 40-inch distance. Members of the rear element extend their arms to obtain their approximate intervals but cover on the corresponding members of the preceding elements. e. Individual members of a flight are numbered from right to left when in line and from front to rear when in column. 68 Element 1. Element 2. Illustration 22. When the men/women are aligned one behind the other as in elemertt 1 above,they are in column. l.fuen aligned side by side as in element 2, they are in line. As each person takes his/her place in lirte, he/she extends his/her arrn laterally at shoulder height with the palrn of his/her hand turned down and 111ith fingers extended and joined. The finger tips should touch the seam where the sleeve is atta~hed to the shoulder of the uniform worn by the man/woman on the left thus forming a normal arms length interval. Each person then turns his/her head and eyes 45 degrees right and checks his/her position. However, there are two exceptions to the rule just stated. Carefully examine Ill. 23,then select from the list of activities that follow the two statements that are exceptions. 69 \\I I I Illustration 23. 2. a. The men on the left flank turn their heads and eyes but do not extend their arms. b. The men on the left flank extend their arms but do not turn their heads and eyes. c. The men on the right flank (flight guide, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th element leaders) do not extend their arms but turn their heads and eyes. d. The men on the right flank (flight guide, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th element leaders) extend their arms but do not turn their heads and eyes. those that should have been checked as being Statement "a" and "d" are exceptions to the rule. There's no reason for the men on the right flank to turn their heads and eyes to the right since no one is there for them to see. The same holds true of the men on the left flank in regard to their extension of the left arms. ifuen the men/ women obtain the proper interval, they will simultaneously and without command drop their arms to their sides and turn their heads and eyes forward to the attention position. Hembers of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th elements will cover on the corresponding member of the preceding element at a distance of 40 inches. 3. \·lhich of the following statements is true in regard to the position of each laan/woman in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th elements? a. \vhen in line, each member of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th elements will be at the correct position when he/she is 40 inches behind the man/woman to his/her front and one arms length to the right of the man/woman on his/her left. 70 b. lvhen in line, each member of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th elements will be at the correct position when he/she is 40 inches from the individual on his/her left and one arms length behind the individual to his/her front. Statement "a" gives the correct location for each individual in the formation. To learn how the flight is formed at close interval and dismissed, read the explanation extracted from paragraphs 4-3f and g of AFM 50-14. 4-3f. To form at close interval, the command is At Close Interval, FALL IN. At the command FALL IN, the movement is executed as pre scribed in the foregoing except that close interval is observed. Obtain close interval by placing the heel of the left hand on the hip, fingers and thumb extended, joined, and pointing downward. Hold the elbow in line with the body. The only commands to be given while the flight is in this formation are At Close Interval, Dress Right, DRESS; Ready, FRONT; AT EASE; ATTENTION; FALL OUT; and DISMISSED. g. The flight ordinarily is formed and dismissed by the drill instructor or by the flight sergeant. At the command DISMISSED, the airmen leave ranks and the area. Illustration 24. Note: The same procedures are followed with the formation of the flight at close interval as those used to form the flight at normal interval. The only command that is used when forming the flight is: At Close Interval, FALL IN. The command Ready, FRONT is used only when aligning the flight. 71 4. l'1'1.ich of the following state:ueat,__. ;".·.~ true a:1.d which statl:! and thumb joi.'led and pointed downward. The elbow is held in llne with the body and against the arcn of the man/women to the left. The head and eyes are turned right 45 degrees. d. Upon hearing the command "At: Close Interval, FALL IN, .. the men/·.romen i11 elements 2, 3, and 4 will take their posts in line 40 inches to the rear of the leading element. e. 'fuile in line and at close interval, the command and movement "Right: Step, MARCH" may be executed. f. When the flight forms in 1ine and at close interval, no command is needed for the men/women to drop their hands to their sides and to turn their heads and eyes forward. Here are the correct responses for the above: a. T d. T b. F e. F' '-. T f. '"~ 5. As stated in paragraph 4-3 of AFH 50-14, members of the flight are numbered from right to left when in li.ne and from front to r-ear when i.n colurnn. In Ill. 25 are two flights, one in line and one in column. Write the number 0f each man/woman represented in the blocks. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ D D D D D D D D 3 PACES D D D D D D D ~ D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D 0 D D D D D D D D D D D D D D [SJ [SJ [S1 [SJ NORMAL INTERVAL: ARMS LENGTH D D D D D D D Illustration 25. 72 If you have completed numl;lering of the ele:nents and men/women, check your numb<:!ring 1.o1Uh the coccect numbers in the follo1.o1ing diagram: ~ 1ST 2ND 3RD 4TH (!) ITJ 0 ~ 0 w OJ OJ~ 0 [2] 0 [2] 3 PACES cb 1ST ELEMENT 0 0 GJ 0 [2] [j] OJ [JJ DJ CQ 0 w w w IT] [6] 2ND ELEMENT GJ []] [2] GJ [jJ 0 IT] IT] D 0 [2] [2] [2] 3RD ELEMENT IT) [8] 0 ITJ [2] GJ 0 GJ [i] D 0 0 0 m 5:1 NORMAL INTERVAL ARMS LENGTH 4TH ELEMENT [2] GJ Q GJ [i] D Q Illustration 26. The numbering of the individuals in the flight comes about by the count off process. AFM 50-14 explains the procedures for executing the count off in pacagraphs 4-8a and 4-8b. Read them carefully. 4-8. To Count Off: a. lfuen in line, the command is Count, OFF. At the command of execution, all airmen except the element leaders and guide turn their heads and eyes 45° to the right and the element leaders call out OJ!IE. After the element leader calls out ONE, the next person to the left of the element leader calls out TWO, aftet" turning the head and eyes to the front. The numbers are counted in the cadence of quick time in succession. All movements are made in a precise manner. b. In column, the command is Count, OFF. The element leaders turn their heads to the right at the command OFF, call out the number ONE sharply over their right shoulders and turn their heads back to the front. Each succeeding airman turns the head to the right, calling out the subsequent number. Then the head is turned s.oartly back to the front. Each rank sounds off with its number in unison. c. For drill purposes, counting off is executed only from right to left in line and fro1n front to rear in column or mass. Flight commanders and guides do not count off in line, column, or mass. Notice in paragraphs 4-8a and 4-8b that the command for the men/women to count off is the same whether they are in line or in column, but the movements utilized in executing each command are slightly different. Read the next two nacratives and determine which narrative is describingthe count off pcocedures when in line and which narrative is describing the count off procedures when in column. 73 6. At the command of execution of the command "Count, OFF ,"the element leaders turn their heads to the right, call out ONE in unison sharply over their shoulder, and then turn their heads back to the front. Each succeeding individual in turn and in quick time cadence performs the same as the element leader and calls out the next number. (TWO, THREE, ETC.) a. To count off as described above, the individuals would be in line. b. To count off as described above, the individuals would be in column. 7. At the command of execution of the command "Count,OFF," individuals in the flight except the commander, guide, and element leaders turn their heads and eyes 45 degrees right and the element leaders call off ONE in unison. In quick time cadence and with the next count, each succeeding individual of each element in turn turns his/her head and eyes to the front and calls off the next number. (TWO, THREE, etc.) a. To count off as described above, the individuals \-10uld be in line. b. To count off as described above, the individuals would be in colu:nn. Your responses to the above should be: 6. b, 7. a. 8. Check the statement(s) that you think is/are true: a. Commanders and guides do not count off when .in line or column, but the guide counts off when in mass formation. b. When the fllght consists of two or :nore elements .in column, each rank sounds off with its number in unlson. Statement "b" is the one that is true. Flight commanders and guides do not count off in any formation. Previously in this text you have studied how to Eo rm the flight in line and in column both at normal interval and at close interval. You will now study the procedures prescribed to aline the flight, to open ranks \vhen in line, and to close ranks when at open ranks. 9. To Aline the Flight. When in line and at the halt, the commands to aline the flight are Dress Right (Left), Dress and Ready, FRONT. At the command of execution, DRESS, the leading element performs the sarne as that performed by the leading element when forming the flight. Let's see if you remember those procedures. Check the two statements that contain the correct procedures for the leading element to execute when forming or alining the fLight. a. Each member of the leading element except the individual on the left flank extends his/her left arm laterally with the palm down and fingers extended and joined. He/she will then shift right or left as needed until the the top portion of his/her right sleeve touches the finger tips of the individual on his/her right. 74 b. All members of the leading element except the individuals on the right flank will extend their right arms laterally at shoulder height with the palm down and fingers extended and joined. Each individual will then shift right or left until the top portion of his/her left sleeve touches the ftnger tips of the individual on his/her right. c. With the right arm extended, each individual in the leading elernent except the individual on the right flank wi11 turn his/her head and eyes 45 degrees to the left to check his/her alignment. d. \-lith the left arm extended, each individual in the leading element except the individual on the right flank will turn his/her head and eyes 45 degrees to the right to check his/her alinement. At no time in any formation will the individuals obtain a normal or close interval by extending their right arms. Nor will they check their positions by turning their heads and eyes 45 degrees to the left except \¥hen the order Dress Left, DRESS is given. The correct procedures are in statements "a" and "d." when the command Dress Left, DRESS is given, the procedures are the same as those stated in items "a" and "d" above except the heads and eyes of the individuals are: (check one) 10. a. Turned 45 degrees to the right. b. Turned 45 degrees to the left. The head and eyes of each individual except the individual on the left is supposed to turn his/her head and eyes 45 degrees to the left when dressing to the left. 11. If the individuals in the flight are at close interval and the command "At Close Interval, Dress Right, DRESS"" is given, what are they supposed to do? a. They are supposed to dress right by executing the same movements that are used to dress right while at normal interval. b. They are supposed to dress right by eJ~:ecut ing the same movements that are used to dress right while at normal interval except that close interval is used. S.tatement "b" is the one you should have marked. The procedures for both normal interval dress and close interval dress are the same except close interval is obtained by placing the left hand on the hip instead of extenrling the arm laterally. 12. \fuen the flight is first belng formed, ~~ither at normal interval or at close interval, without a command, individuals will drop their hands to the sides and turn their heads and eyeecution, take one more 15-inch step and then bring the trailing foot alongside the stationary· foot and stand at the attention position. Followin~ are seven statements pertaining to the half step march. Read each .,tatement carefully and place "1"' in the space beside each statement that you think is true and place "F" in the space beside each statement that you think is false. If any part of a statement ls f::llse, identify it as totally false. and place "F" beside the statement. 12. True and False Statements 1. The half step is not e~ecuted from the halt. 2. A change in the direction of march is not permitted while marching half step. 3. At the command HALT• take one more 30 inch step then place the left foot beside the right foot lit the position of attention. 4. To :narch half step from the halt, step off on the left foot with a 15 inch step at the command of execution. 5. The command "Forvard MARCH" is the command to change from half 5 tep marelt to full step march. It is given as the left foot strikes the Ground. 90 6. To change frora full step march to half step march, take one more 30 inch step after the command of execution, then gradually decrease the step length to 15 inches. 7. To change frorn half step march to double ti1ne march, take one more 15 inch step after the collll1land of execution, then step off in double time ~ith the 36 inch step. Statements one, two, and five are true. Staternents three, four, six, arid Sf~ven are false. Remember, the only three movements permitted in regard to the half step march are: (1) change from quick time march to half step march, (2) change from half step march to quick time march, and (3) halt from half step march. Number six, change from quick time march to half step march, is one of the three 1uovements permitted, but, as it is stated in number six, that's not the correct way to execute it. Rieht CLeft) Step. This is a side step movement either to the right or to the left, depending on the command. Read the details of the movement below which have been extracted from AFM 50-14 and then perform the exercise that fo 3-14. Right (Left) Step: a. The command is Right (Left) Step, MARCH, given only from the halt and for movlng short distances. b. On the command MARCH, the airman raises the right (left) leg, keeping it straight without stiffness and only high enough to allow freedom of 1uovement. The individual places the right (left) foot 12 inches to the right of the left (right) foot and then moves the left (right) foot, keeping the left (right) leg straight, to a position alongside the right (left) foot as in the position of attention. This •novement is continued in quick time, the airman keeps the arms at the sides, unti1 the command HALT is given. c. To halt from the right (left) step, the preparatory command is given when the heels are together, and the command of execution HALT is given when the heels are together the next time. The halt from the right (left) step is executed in two counts. On the command HALT one more step is taken with the right (left) foot and the left (right) foot is placed alongside the right (left) in the position of attention. 13. Check the following statements that you think are correct regarding the execution of Right Step, MARCH and Halt from marching right step. a. With the command of execution', raise the right foot and leg to a height of 12 inches and place it on the ground 12 inches to the right of the left foot. b. To halt from the side step, plant the right foot on the ground with the preparatory command. Then bring the left foot to a position beside the right foot just as the command of execution is given• 91 c. On the command MARCH, raise your right leg and foot high enough to allow freedom of movement and place it 12 inches to the right. Then move your left foot to a position beside the right foot and continue in quick time. d. On the command HALT, given when the heels are together, take one more step with the right foot and place the left foot beside the right foot in the position of attention. e. While executing the right or left step movement, the arms will be held at the sides until the command to halt is given. f. To execute Left Step, MARCH, proceed as though you were executing Right Step, MARCH. You will step off with the left foot by moving it 15 inches to the left and then place the right foot to a position beside the l~ft foot. The correct responses are "c," "d," and .. e. Item "f" is a true statement except .for the length of the step. Six of the movements in the list that follows are executed by stepping oft with the left foot as the command of execution is given. Read each movement comilland carefully and check those that apply. NOTE: It is vi tal that you know these. In order to be correct, you may turn back to prior pages of instruction for the correct information. a. Half Step, MARCH. b. Mark Time, MARCH. (If given from the halt) c. Mark Time, MARCH. (If given while marching) d. Left Step, MARCH. e. Double Time MARCH. (If ,5iven from the halt) f. Double Time MARCH. (If given while marching) g. Forward, MARCH. (If given from the halt) h. Forward, MARCH. (If given while marching half step) i. Forward, MARCH. (If given while marking time) Items "b," "d," "e," "g," "h," and "i" are all executed by stepping off with the left foot at the command of execution. Items "a," "c," and "f" may be executed by stepping off with either the right foot or the left foot, depending on which foot the command of execution is given. 15. Three other halt movements in the following list are executed in two counts after the command of execution is given as either foot strikes the ground. Place a check beside each movement that you think would be executed the same way. a. HALT from Quick Time Harch. b. HALT from Half Step March. c. HALT from Hark Time Harch. d. HALT from Right Step March. e. HALT frol!l Double Time i·iarch. 92 Item "a," "b," and "c" are all two count movements that may be executed in two counts after the command of execution is given as either foot strikes the ground, depending on which foot the command of execution is given. Item "d," HALT from Right Step March, is a two count movement, but the command of execution is given while both feet are on the ground. Item "e." HALT from Double Time March, is also a two count halt movement and may be executed as either foot strikes the ground, but it differs from the others since two more steps in double time are taken after the command of execution is given before the two count halt is executed. Change Step. This movement is used when any member of a group such as an element, flight, or squadron is out of step with other members of the unit or when all members of an element are out of step with other elements that compose a larger organization. 16. Select the alternative that you think correctly completes this sentence: To be out of step simply means that: a. The right foot is striking the ground at the counts of one and three instead of the left foot. b. The left foot is striking the ground at the counts of one and three instead of the right foot. You are normally out of step if your right foot is striking the ground on the counts of one and three as stated in item "a" above. When you as an individual are out of step, you will have to perform the change step movement on your own. When all members of one element of the total unit are out of step with the other elements of the same unit, the change step movement will be executed by command. Here is how AFM 50-14 tells you how to do it. 3-15. Change Step: a. The command Change Step, MARCH is given as the right foot strikes the ground while marching at quick time. b. At the command of execution, the airman takes one more step with the left foot. Then, in one count, places the ball of the right foot alongside the heel of the left foot, then steps off again with the left foot. The command, ·change Step, MARCH," is given in cadence as the right foot strikes the ground. At the command of execution, take one more step with the left foot and, between counts, place the right toe near the left heel. Then, without breaking cadence, step off again with the left foot. 17. After making this change in step, which foot will be striking the ground at the counts of one and three? a. The right foot. b. The left foot. 93 If you executed the movement correctly, the left foot will be striking the ground at the counts of one and three. To March to the Rear. This is another marching movement that is executed only while marching quick time. The command "To the Rear, MARCH, "is given as the right foot strikes the ground. At the command of execution, take a 15-inch step with the left foot and pivot 180 degrees to the right on the balls of both feet. Then, without breaking cadence, step off in the new direction with the left foot. Hold the arms at the position of attention while executing the pivot. Carefully observe the positions of the individuals in IlL 29 and answer the questions that follow. TO THE REAR MARCH A B c D Illustration 29. Answer the three questions that follow and then check your answers. 18. Notice that in Ill. 29, the command ''To The Rear, MARCH" is being given. Is the command of execution being given as the correct foot strikes the ground? a. Yes. b. No. 19. Ill. 29 D portrays the individual to have pivoted 180 degrees and is standing with his right foot forward. Compare this position with the position of the individual in Ill. 29 C and determine if the individual pivoted 180 degrees to the right or to the left. a. The pivot was made 180 degrees to the right. b. The pivot ,was made 180 degree to the left. 20. The hand of the individual in Ill. 29 D is at the position of attention. Is this the correct position for the hands when executing march to the rear? a. Yes. b. No. 94 Your response to each of the three quest ions should be "a." The preparatory command and the command of execution will both be given as the right foot strikes the ground. The 180 deeree pivot to the right can then be properly executed one step later with the left foot forward and with the hands and arms at the attention position. After you make the 180 degree pivot to the right on the balls of both feet, your right foot will then be positioned forward as illustrated in Ill. 29. You ca11 next step off ·Jn the left foot in quick time and without breaking cadence. Flanking aovements. Right and left flanking movements may be used when it becomes necessary to 100ve troops to the right or to the left for short distances. These movements are executed by command. If the movement is to the right, the command is, Right Flank, MARCH," with the preparatory and execution command both given as the right foot strikes the ground. To execute the movement, take one more step after the command of execution and, with arms at the attention position, pivot 90 degrees to the right on the ball of the left foot. Next, without a break in cadence, step off in the new direction with the right foot and continue the march in quick time until another command is given. Observe the activities in Ill. 30 and answer the questions that follow. 21. As shown in Ill. .30, number 1 and number .3, the individual has been given the preparatory command and the command of execution as his right foot was striking the ground. What is his next RIGHT FLANK move? 1 a. Pivot 90 degrees to the right on the foot that was on the ground when the command was given. b. Pivot 90 degrees to the right on the left foot the next time the left foot strikes MARCH the ground. c. Pivot 90 degrees to the right by turning on the left toe and the right heel. 22. If the commands in Ill. 30 had l:>een Left Flank,·MARCH," when should the preparatory command and the command of execution have been given? a. As the left foot strikes the ground as portrayed by the individual in number 2 and number 4. b. As the right foot strikes the ground as portrayed by the individual in number 1 Illustration 30. and number 3. 95 To correctly respond to questions one and two above, you should have checked alternatives 21 b and 22 a. If the preparatory and execution commands are given on the correct foot, the pivot will be made in the direction called for in the preparatory command, but it will be made on the opposite foot as illustration. LINE OF MARCH LINE OF MARCH -,[[][[]--r[]-[8 r-r 1 I I I I 1 51 I 41 I 3 11 21 I 1 1!.. __I L _ J L __ J L---J L __j ~ SQUAD B SQUAD A Illustration 31. In Ill. 31, there are two elements of five men in each element placed in column with one behind the other. They have been given the command Right Flank, MARCH" and are in the process of executing the movement. Notice how the individuals in each element are executing the 90 degree pivot to the right. 23. Which element in Ill. 31 is correctly executing the right flank movement? a. The individuals in Element A. b. The individuals in Element B. The individuals in element B are correctly executing the right flank movement. Notice that these individuals are all pivoting 90 degrees to the right at the same time. This is correct for any formation, large or small, to execute a flanking movement. However, do not overlook what is taking place in Ill. 31 A. Notice that the leading individual has completed the 90 degree pivot and is marching forward in the new direction. The second individual has moved forward to the same spot and is in the process of executing the 90 degree pivot to the right on the same ground as the leading individual. 24. What is the movement called when the leading individual executes a 90 degree pivot to the right or to the left and each individual behind him/her in the file or column executes the same movement on the same ground as that of the leading individual? a. The movement is called a right or left column movement. b. The movement is called a right or left flanking movement. The movement is a column movement as stated in item "a". If you are not sure what constitutes a column movement and wh~t constitutes a flanking movement, study Ill. 31 very carefully and then select the correct answers to these questions: 96 25. When the individuals in Ill. 31 element B complete the 90 degree pivot by the right flank and continue to march in the new direction, will the individual in element B be marching in line or will they continue to march in column or file? a. The persons in element B will then be marching in line. b. The persons in element B will then be marching in column or file. 26. When the individuals in Ill. 31 element A complete the column right movement and continue the march in the new direction, will the individuals in element A be marching in line or will they continue to march in column or file? a. b. The The persons persons in element A will then be marching in element A will then be marching in line. in column or file. was the Your responses to question 25 and 26 above should be: 25 a and 26 b. As previously stated, when executive a flanking movement to the right or the left, all individuals in the formation will execute the movement at the same time and march in the new direction in line instead of in file or in the column. The column movement to the right or to the left differs from the flanking movement by the fact that each individual that is behind the element leader plays "follow the leader" and pivots to the right or to the left in the same ground as that of the element leader. Both movements will be covered in more detail later in another section of the text: "Drill of the Flight" and "Drill of the Squadron." To Face In Marching From A Halt. First, read this extract and see what AFM 50-14 has to say about the movement. 3-18. To Face in Marching From a Halt: a. The facings in marching are important parts of such movements as taking a new post, alining or inspecting troops, and executing column and flanking movements from a halt. b. To face to the right or left in marching from a halt, the command is Right (Left) Flank, MARCH. The airman makes the turn on the ball of the right foot and at the same time steps off with the left foot in the new direction. The pivot and the step are executed in one count. When it becomes necessary to move troops to the right or to the left from the halt to a new post for inspection purposes or for some other reason, this movement is often used. The command to face and march from the halt is the same command that is used for the flanking movements given while marching: Right (Left) Flank, MARCH." To execute this movement, all in one count after the command of execution, pivot either to the right or to the left on the ball of the right foot and, at the same time, step off in the new direction with the left foot. Answer the two questions that follow and then check your answers with the correct answers that follow the last question. 97 27. Wnich of these procedures is correct if. the co1amand to face and march from the halt is Right Flank., MA.IiCil?" 28. (lhich of these procedures is correct if the command to face and march from the halt is Left Flank., t-JARCti?" a. On the count, pivot 90 degrees to the right on the right foot and, at the sallle time, ste}.J off in the new direction with the left foot. b. On the count, pivot 90 degrees to the right on the ball of the left foot and, at the same tione, step off in the new direction with the right foot. a. On the count pivot 90 degrees to the left on the ball of the right foot and, at the same time, step off in the new direct ion with the left foot. b. On the count, pivot 90 degrees to the left on the ball of the left foot and, at the same time, step off in the new direction with the right foot. Your response to both of the preceding questions should be "a." Whether the command is by the right flank or by the left flank, on the count you will pivot 90 degrees either to the right or to the left on the ball of the right foot and step off in the new direction with the left foot. 29. Although the commands for both movements are the same, the procedures used to execute the movement face and march from the halt are slightly different from those used to execute the flanking movements performed while marching. Select from the following statements the one that includes the correct procedures for executing the moveraeut to face and march from the halt. a. If the command to face and march from the halt is to the right or to the left, you will 'pivot 90 degrees to the right or to the left on the ball of the foot that corresponds with the direction given in the preparatory command and step off in the new direction with the other foot. b. Whether the command to face and march froru the halt is to the right or to the left, you will pivot 90 degrees toward the new direction on the ball of the rlght foot !and step off in the new direct ion with the left foot. Both will be executed in the first count after the command of execution. To face and march froru the halt, you will pivot 90 degrees on the ball of the right foot and step off in the new direction with the left foot whether it be to the right or to the left. Statement "b" is the correct response. To March Other Than At Attention. l'1arching other than at attention rnay be done in eitner of two ways and by these commands: "Route Step, MARCH, .. and "At Ease, UARCH." Paragraphs one and two below describe how each is done. Read each paragraph and determine the difference between marching route step and marching at ease. After you have analyzed each paragraph, answer the questions that follow. 1. If you are given tile command "Route Step, March," take one more step in quick time and then start marching route step. This command rnay be 98 given as either foot strikes the ground. While marching route step, you are required to maintain the prescribed distance and interval within the formation. You are NOT required to maintain silence nor cadence. 2. If you are given the command "At Ease, MARCH," take one more step in quick time and start marching at ease. This command may be given as either foot strikes the ground. While marching at ease, you are required to maintain the prescribed distance and interval within the formation and remain silent. You are NOT required to maintain cadence. 30. Which of the following activities are you NOT required to do when marching route step? a. Maintain the prescribed distance within the formation. b. Haintain silence while r.~archine route step. c. Maintain cadence while marching route step. d. Maintain the prescribed interval within the formation. Neither "b" nor "c" are required while marching route step. However, if you are marching at ease, you must remain silent as well as maintain the prescribed distance and interval. 31. ~fuich of the following must you be doing when you are commanded to march route step or to march at ease? a. You must first be called to attention from one of the rest positions. b. You must first be marching in quick time and in a prescribed formation. Notice that in paragraphs one and two above where marching route step and marching at ease are explained, you are told that both commands may be given as either foot strikes the ground while marching quick time. From those statements you should have drawn the conclusion that item "b" is the correct answer to the question. To Change Direction in a Column. This section of the text is devoted to three directional movements of the flight while in column and in quick time march: Column Right and Column Left, Column Half Right and Column Half Left, and Incline to the Right and Incline to the Left. Each movement is discussed separately. The first change in direction when marching in column to be discussed at this time is Column Right and Column Left. Here are paragraphs 4-112 throueh 4-11f extracted from AFM 50-14, which explain the procedures for executing the movement. Read the extract and then perform the exercises that follow. 4-11. To Change Direction in a Column: a. The command is Column Right (Left), MARCH. The command MARCH is given as the right (Left) foot strikes the ground. The leading individual (the guide and flight commander excepted) of the right (left) flank advances one pace, pivots on the 99 ball of the left (right) foot and advances another full 30inch step. The individual then takes up the half step. b. In the meantime, the other individuals of the leading rank pivot 45° to the right (left) in marching without changing the interval. When they are abreast of the pivot, they execute a second right (left) 45° pivot and conform to the step of the right (left) flank individual as they come abreast of that individual. c. The ranks in rear of the leading rank execute the movement on the same ground and in the same manner as the rank in front of them. d. As soon as the flight has changed direction and interval and distance are reestablished, the commander orders Forward, MARCH. On the command MARCH, the 30-inch step is resumed. In turning to the left on a moving pivot, each rank dresses left until forward march is given. The dress becomes left at the preparatory command. e. The guide and flight commander execute the movement on the command of execution and then pivot 45° to their original positions in front of the column. f. When column movements are executed from a halt in column, procedures are similar to those in the foregoing explanation with two exceptions: At the command of execution, element leaders start the movement by executing a face in marching for column left; on a column right, element leaders take one pace forward and then execute the movement. e 7 8 g 10 11 12 13 14 'K I:r I :c: ::K lr ][-o ~ ~ 4 ~ e 7 8 g 10 II 12 13 14 ~ ~ X :a: X 3:r ::a:-o-•-<>•<>~ :+ 2 3 4 e e 7 8 II 10 11 12 13 14 :a: :.:-o-+<>-+<>-+<>-+-0 ~ ~ -9= :a: ... 1 2 3 4 e e 1 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 ~ A' * At * q: I.O+.O+-<>+-<>+-<>-•<>-+<> 1ST 2ND• 3RD SQUAD SQUAD SQUAD 4TH F SQ~AD MARCH Ill li LEFT ~ ~~ ~ 0 -o-'II: cr 9 RIGHT Ill Ill Ill ~~~COLUMN RIGHT • ... .:1[ ~ ~ HALF FULL PIVOT 4e• PIVOT~o• STEP STEP Illustration 32 100 / To accomplish the column right or column left movernent, you 1-{ill ~ither ex:ecute a flanking •novement to the right or to the left or e"ecute right or left oblique and march in the oblique for a short distance and then el{ecute another right or left oblique, depending on the cornn:1and given and the squad in which you are marching. 32. Assume that you are the leader of the 4th element in a flight that is marching forward at normal interval. Which of the following should you execute upon hearing the command "Column Right, MARCH? a. I will advance one pace and pivot 90 degrees to the right on of my left foot. I will then advance another 30 inch step direction with my right foot after which I will assume the the in the half s ball nel.{ tep. b. I will advance one pace and pivot 45° to the right without the interval. Upon coming abreast of the pi vat, I will exesecond right 45° pivot and conform to the step of the right individual as I come abreast of that individual. changing cute a flank Statement "a" above includes the required movernents for the leading person of the 4th element when executing column right. Procedures described in statement "b" are those to be used by the members of the Jrd, 2nd, and ls t squads when executing column right. (See Ill. 32) 33. When executing column right, what are the succeeding individuals in the 4th element supposed to do in regard to •naking the 90 degree pivat? a. Each succeeding person in the file will pivot 90 degrees to the right at the same time the element leader executes the pivot. b. Each succeeding person in the file will continue to raarch forward and execute the 90 degree pivot to the right on the same ground used by the element leader to execute the pi vat. When executing column right or column left, each succeeding individual i'1 the file will continue to march forward and execute the 90 degree pivot on the same ground used by the individual to his/her front. After taking one regular step in the new direction, he/she will take up the half step. 34. After the flight has executed column right, when should the commander give the order for the flight to resume the 30 inch step? (See para 4-11 d of AFM 50-14) a. As soon as all members of the flight have reestablished the normal interval and distance. b. As soon as the last individual in the 1st element has executed the second 45 degree pivot and is marching forward in the new direction. When the proper interval and distance have been reestablished, the commander will give the command "Forward, MARCH.· With the command of execution, the flight will resume the 30 inch step. 101 a. The dress becomes left with the preparatory command and remains left until the command "Forward, MARCH" is given. b. The dress becomes left with the command of execution and remains left until all members of the flight have completed the pivot. Left dress is in effect from the time the preparatory command has been issued until the command "Forward, MARCH" has been given as stated in item "a" above. Use Ill. 32 for reference and answer the questions that follow by writing the words, figures, or letters in the spaces provided beside each statement as appropriate. All questions pertain to Column Right. 36. 1. When executing column right, which foot should be striking the ground when the command MARCH is given? The--------foot. 2. If you are the leader of the 3rd, 2nd, or 1st element and the command Column Right, MARCH is given, how many degrees to the right should you pivot on the ball of the left foot? degrees. 3. If you are a member of the 3rd element, how many regular steps will you march at 45 degrees between the first pivot and the second? steps. 4. If you are a member of the 2nd element, how many regular steps will you march at 45 degrees between the first pivot and the second? steps. 5. If you are a member of t:1e 1st element, how many regular steps will you march at 45 degrees between the first pivot and the second? steps. 6. After making the second 45 degree pivot, how many full steps will each individual in the 3rd, 2nd, and 1st elements take before assuming the half step? 3rd _______, 2nd , 1st_______ Your responses should correspond with these: 1. right, 2. 45 degrees, 3. 2 steps, 4. 4 steps, 5. 6 steps and 6. 3 steps, 5 steps, 7 steps. 102 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 13 14 ~ I n:: I Ir :II: :rr ][-o .,_., 4 s 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 13 14 ~ .-sr 'I: :rr =-:: :0: :t:-o-•-o-•-<> ~ ~ 2 3 4 5 e 7 8 9 10 II 12 13 14 ~ ~ -9= :::8: :a: :.::-o-+-o•-o-•-o•-0 ... I 2 3 4 5 e 7 8 9 10 II 12 13 14 ~ A' * A" * f+ ::.::-o-•-o•-o-•-o-•-o•-o-•o 1ST 2ND 3RD 4TH SQUAD SQUAD SQUAD SQUAD IMAR~H Ill w ~ • LEFT t:J ~ ~ ~ 0 -o-'II: <;> 9 RIGHT w ill COLUMN RIGHT ... I w Ill • HALF ~ ~ FULL PIVOT 45° PIVOT go• STEP STEP Illustration 32. Ill. 33 below protrays the flight executing column right at close interval. The procedures are the sarne as those and to execute column right at normal interval except for length and numbers of steps taken by the individual in 3rd, 2nd, and 1st elements while obliquing. 5 6 7 8 9 10 ~p-I :rr I JI I -o "'fll 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ~ ~ I n I -o ... -o-.... -o 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 • • ~ "'.cr ][ I! I <>--o ... -o )1 • I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 A' p.-(r Q: • -o-... -0-... -0-... -o ... -0 0 Ill Ill • Ill I tl tj l:i 1::1 HALF FULL LEFT STEF STEP PIVOT 45G PIVOT 90° 0 -o-rr r:f <;> 1ST 3RD SQUAD SQUAD RIGHT Ill COLUMN RIGHT I 2ND 4TH SQUAD SQUAD Ill • Ill • .... ~ ~ Illustration 33. 103 37. Place a check beside the following statements that are true regarding the length and number of steps taken by members of the flight while executing column right at close interval. full 1. The individuals in the 1st element will march at 45 degrees two steps and two half steps and execute the second 45 degree pivot right on the fourth step as the left foot strikes the ground. 2. The individuals in the 2nd element will march three full steps at a 45 degrees and execute the second 45 degree pivot right on the third step as the left foot strikes the ground. 3. The individuals in the 3rd element will march two half steps at 45 degrees and execute the second 45 degree pivot on the second step as the left foot strikes the ground. 4. The individuals in the 2nd element will march at 45 degrees two full steps and execute the second 45 degree pivot right at the same time the men in the 3rd squad execute the pivot. The preceding statements that are true are: 1, 3, and 4. Column Half Right (Left) is the second change in direction that is executed by the flight while marching. First, read the following extract from AFM 50-14 and answer the questions following. 4-12. Partial Changes of Direction: a. To change the direction of a column by 45 degrees, the command is Column Half Right (Left), MARCH. The command of executioni is given as the foot in the direction of the turn strikes the ground. The leading individual (the guide and flight commander excepted) of the right (left) flank aavances one full step, pivots 45 degrees on the ball of the. left (right) foot, and advances another full 30-inch step. The individual then takes up the half step as does each element member in his rank until the last individual is in place and abreast of the rest, then, they all resume the !full step. b. In the meantime,: the .other individuals of the leading rank pivot 45 degree's to the right (l~ft) without changing the interval. When !they are abreast of the pivot point, they conform to the step of the right (left) flank individual. c. The flight comma:nder and guide execute the movement on the command of ex'ecution and then pivot 45 degrees to their original p~sitions in front of the column. d. The ranks in the1 rear of the leading rank execute the movement on the lsame :ground and in the same manner as the rank in front1 of them. 38. As all of the commands that effect a change in direction of march, the "Column Half Right (Left), MARCH," is given as: (check execution command of the correct statement). 104 a. The right foot strikes the ground. b. The left foot strikes the ground. c. The foot in the direction of turn strikes the ground. Statement "c" is the one you should have checked. If the direction of turn is right, the command MARCH will be given on the right foot. If thedirection of turn is left, the command MARCH will be given on the left foot. In either event, the command must be given as the foot that corresponds with the direction of the turn strikes the ground. After the command "Column Half Right, MARCH" is given, the 4th elementleader will pivot 45 degrees to the right on the ball of his/her left foot,advance another 30 inch step with the right foot, and then take up the halfstep. When the leaders of the other elements come abreast, he/she will then take up the full step. Which of the following is the correct action for theother leading individuals to take when the command Column Half Right, MARCH isgiven? 39. a. The leading individuals of the other elements will pivot 45degrees to the right on the left foot and march full stepuntil they are abreast of the individual on the right wherethey will conform to his/her step. b. The leaders of the other elements will pivot 45 degrees tothe right and march at half step until the last individual ofthe flight has pivoted 45 degrees to the right on the sameground used by the individual to his/her front. Alternate "a" above includes the correct procedures to be executed by theleaders of the 3rd, 2nd, and 1st elements. As they march right oblique andcome abreast of the 4th element leader, they will then conform with his/herstep. 40. What happens to the guide and flight commander while the individuals in the files are executing the movements column right (left) or column half right (left)? a. With the command of execution, the commander and guide will executethe movement by exchanging positions and then pivot 45 degrees to theright or left depending on the command. b. With the command of execution, the commander and guide will executethe movement and then pivot 45 degrees to their original positions in front of the column. According to paragraphs 4-12e and 4-12c of AFM 50-14, the commander and guide will first execute the movement and then pivot 45 degrees to theirregular positions as stated in "b" above. The column movements can be executed from the halt as well as while on themarch. However, the procedures are slightly different for the lefadingranks. Read paragraphs 4-115 and 4-12e of AFM 50-14 below and then from thestatements that follow, check those that are true. 105 4-llf. When column movements are executed from a halt in column, procedures are similar to those in the foregoing explanation with two exceptions: At the command of execution, element leaders start the movement by executing a face in marching for a column left; on a column right, element leaders take one pace forward and then execute the movement. 4-12e. When column half right (left) is executed from a halt in column, the procedures are the same as described in the foregoing explanation with this exception: At the command of execution, the element leaders start the movement by executing a face in marching to the indicated direction. 41. 1. On the command MARCH of column right, given while the flight is at the halt, the cle~ent leaders will take one pace forward and then execute the movement the same as if they were marching. \ 2. On the command MARCH of column left, column half left, or column half right, the element leaders will start the movement by executing a face in marching and then complete the movement 3. On the command MARCH of column left, column half left, or column half right, the element leaders will start the movement by executing a face in marching and then complete the movement with the same procedures used while marching. for Statements one and three are correct. Statement two is correct, except the movement column right which is correctly described in number one above. The third and last movement causing a change in direction while marching is Incline to the Right (Left). As is indicated in paragraph 4-12f of AFH 50-14 below, the movement is very simple and easy to execute since there is no pivot involved. 4-12. PARTIAL CHANGES OF DIP~CTION. f. To execute a slight change of direction, the command INCLINE TO THE RIGHT (LEFT) is given. The guide or guiding element moves in the indicated direction and the rest of the element follows. There is no pivot in this movement. 42. Which of the following is the correct way to execute the movement when the command "INCLINE TO THE RIGHT" is given? a. To execute a slight change of direction, the guide or guiding element will move in the indicated direction with the remainder of the unit following his move. b. To execute a slight change in direction, the element leaders will lead off in the new direction with the rest of the unit following. The guide and commander will then pivot 45 degrees and march to their regular position. 106 Statement "a" above corresponds with the instructions given in paragraph4-12f of AFM 50-14. To Form a Single File and Reform. The correct procedures used to changethe flight from a column of two or more elements to a single file and reformare described in the extract below. Read paragraphs 4-13b and 4-13c ofAFM50-14 and then perform the exercises that follow. 4-13. To Form a Single File and Re-form: b. To form a single file when in a column of two ormore elements, the command is Column of Files from theRight (Left), Forward, MARCH. At the preparatory command,the guide takes a position in front of the file that willmove first. The element leader of the right (left) element turns his head 45 degrees to the right (left) andcommands Forward; the remaining element leaders turntheir heads 45 degrees to the right (left) and commandSTAND FAST. Each keeps the head to the right (left) until the element steps off. At the command MARCH,the leading element steps off. The element leaders ofthe remaining elements command Forward, MARCH and thenthey incline to the right (left) to cause their elementsto follow the leading elements in successive order(See Ill. 34). c. To form a column of two or more files when in a singlefile, the command is Column of Twos (Fours) to the Left(Right), MARCH. At the preparatory command, the leadingelement leader commands STAND FAST, the element leadersbehind the leading element command Column Half Left (Right). On the command MARCH, the leading element s.tands fast,and the remaining elements step off to column half left(right) simultaneously and incline to form to the left(right) of the leading element. Each element is haltedby its element leader so as to be abreast of the elementto its right or left (Ill. 35). To form a single file when the flight is in two or more columns and at the halt, the command Column of Files from the Right (Left) is given. lVhat takesplace within the flight if the command is "Column Files from the Right, Forward, MARCH?" 107 G- G B-B, r -, ,..-, r'-;o; ' I .w .... 1_1_. :N:...,. L-...J L-.J I! _'II Illustration 34. To answer the preceding question, check paragraph 4-l3b of AFH 50-14 and and write "T" in the space beside each of the followin8 Ill. 34 as necessary statements that are true, and write "F" beside those that are false. 43. 1. At the preparatory command, the guide places himself /herself in front of the element on the extreme left. 2. · At the preparatory command, the element leader of the leading file gives a supplementary command, FORWARD, and the other element leaders command STAND FAST. 3. At the preparatory command, the guide positions himself/herself at the head of the file that will lead off. 4. At the command of execution MARCH, the leading element steps off. Leaders of the other elements will command Forward, MARCH in sucd~ssive order and then incli11e to the right and follow the element to their front. 5. When the airmen in the element on the extre1ae left have reached their positions and the entire flight is in single file, the commander will command Forward, HAl<.Cil; at which time the flight will assume the regular 30 inch step. 6. If the alinement of the flight was in column of fours when the order "Column of Files from the Right• was given, the leading element would be number four followed by elements three, two, and one in text order. 108 Your responses to the statements above snould be: 1. F 4. T 2. T 5. F 3. T 6. T Check paragraph 4-13c of AFH 50-14 and Ill. 35 as needed for answers to following questions. r-, r-, ~-, ~-~ I I I I I I 1 Ift. CD 1 I -....J I I Q) I I (..n I /L_J L-.J L-J L_.J I G-G&B'BBBG Illustration 35. To refonn the flight from a single file into two or more columns, the command is "Colullll of Twos (Fours) to the Left, MARCH.'' Between the preparatory command and the execution command, the element leaders must give two supplementary commands. Which element leader will give the supplementary command "STANU FAST?" 44. a. The leader of the element that will be on the right after the flight has formed in two or lllOre columns. b. The leader of the element that will be on the left after the ---· flight has formed in two or more columns. The leader of the leading element which will be on the right after the flight has formed in two or more columns will give the supplementary command for his element to stand fast. The other element leaders will command "COLUMN HALF LEFT." What then happens when the command of execution MARCH is given? 45. a. All elements except the one to be on the left will execute Column half Right and then incline to the left to form at normal interval. Each element will then halt upon command from the leader. _____b. The leading element stands fast while the other elements execute Column Half Left and then incline to the right to form at normal interval. As each element leader comes abreast of the lead element, he/she commands "Element Three, (Two or One) HALT. 109 After the flight has executed the procedures as stated in "b" above, it should be back in the original column formation. Column moveCJents may also be executed in conjuction with forming a single file. Read paragraph 4-13d of AFH 50-14 below to find out how the movement is executed. Then perform the exercises that follo\o7. 4-13d. In conjuction with forming single files, column movements may be executed at the same time. The commands are Column of Files From the Right (Left), Column Right (Left) KARCH. At the preparatory command, the guide take::; a position in front of the file that will move first. The element leader of the right (left) element commands Column Right (Left); the remaining element leaders command STAND FAST. At the command MARCH, the element leader and the guide execute a face in marching to the right (left) and the element leader continues marching in the new direction with 30-inch steps. The guide pivots 45 degrees to a position 40 inches in front of' the element leader. The element leaders are base for this movement. The remaining individuals in the base file march forward on the command of ' execution and pivot on the same ground as their element leader and maintain the 40-inch distance. The element leaders of the remaining elements command Column Right (Left), MARCH, to cause their elements to follow the leading elements in successive order. The command Column of Files from :the Left, Column Right, MARCH and Column of Files from the Right, Column Left, MARCH are not given. Assu~' 1 r ---'I\ il .___..Lt>2. b, SJ. a. Paragraph 4-9c below describes when supplementary commands are necessary within a flight. Read it and then answer the questions that follow. 4-9 c. Whenever commands are given involving ;aovements in ·which all elements in the flight do not execute the same movement simultaneously, the element leaders give supplementary commands for the movement of their elements. 54. When might it be necessary for an element leader to give a command? a. When his/her element does not execute a movement simultaneously with the other elements in his/her flight. b. \\Then his/her element is to execute a movement that is different from the other elements in the flight. 0nder conditions stated in both "a" and "b" above, the element leader wUl give commands to his/her element. What type of command will the element leader give to his/her element when his/her element is to execute the same movement as the other ele;aents in the flight but at a different time or when his/her element is to execute a rnove1aent that is different from the movement to be executed by the other elements? 55. __ a. A preparatory command. b. A supplementary command. c. An informational command. d. Hass command. A supplementary command is given when one element or unit is to execute a :.noveruent under the conditions stated above. To Change Interval While in Column. There are four roovements that pertain to the changing of intervals between the files while the flight is in column formation. They are: l. Change from normal interval to close interval while at the halt. 2. Change from normal interval to close interval while marching quick time. 3. Change from close interval to normal interval while at the halt. 4. Change from close interval to normal interval while marching quick time. The commands and procedures used in executing each of the four movements are described in paragraphs 4-lOa and b of AFI-1 50-14. After you read the material, answer the questions and perform the exercises that follow. 4-10. To Change Interval While in Column: a. \\Then in column at normal interval at a halt or in march at quick time, to obtain close interval between files, the command is Close, MARCil. (1) At the halt, on the command MARCH, the base element stands fast. The other elements obtain close interval by taking two, four, and six side 114 steps respectivley toward the base element andcover on their element leaders. ( 2) When marching, the command Close, MARCH isgi. ven on the r.ight foot when the base elementis ou the right and on the left foot when thebase element is on the left. At the commandMARCH, the l.Jase ele.uent takes up the nalf step.The other elements obtain close interval byexecuting a 45 degree right (left) pivot andti:ike one, three, and five steps respectivelytoward the base element. The original directionof march is resumed and the half step taken upwhen close interval is obtained. At the command Forward, MARl."'l, all elements resume the30-iach step. b. To obtain normal interval between files when theflight is in column at close interval, at a halt orin march at quick time, the command is Extend, MARCH.This •novement is executed the same as close marchbut in the opposite direction. 56. Write (T) in the space beside each of the following statements that you think are true and write (F) beside those that you think are false. a. To change from nor.rual interval to close interval while the flight is at halt or in march at quick time, the command "Close, MARCH" isgiven. b. To change, from close interval to normal interval when the flight isat the halt or in march, the command is "Extend, MAACH." c. The command "Forward, MARCH• is given only when the flight is tomarch from a halt in quick time. d. If the flight is in march and has executed the movements required toclose the interval or to resume the normal iTlterval, the command"Forward, MARCH" is given for the flight to change from the half step ~r~ ~ ~r~l st~ ~r~. e. If the flight is marching, the command "Close, MARCH" or thecommand "Extend, MARCH" is given as the left foot strikes the groundonly if the base element is on the left. Otherwise, each of thesecommands will be given as the right foot strikes the ground. Statements "a", "b," "d", and "e," should have been checked as true. Theuse of the command "Forward, MARCH" is not lirnite~ to march from a halt onlyas stated in item "c," but the command is used in all instances where forwardmarch at the 30 inch normal step is desired. Assume that the flight in Illustration .39 is at the halt. Which of thefollowing activities should be executed I.Yhen the command "Close, MARCH" is given? 115 57. a. With the command MARCH, the 4th base element will assume the half step march. b. With the command MARCH, the 4th base element will stand fast. 4~ 1ST 2ND l3RD c. With the command MARCH, the 3rd, ~~~~ 2nd, and 1st element will execute DODD two 45 degree right pivot,take one, three, and five steps respecDODD tively toward the base element, DODD and take up the half step march. D D CJ D d. With the command MARCH, the 3rd, --- DODD 2nd, and 1st elements will take two, four, and six side (right) DODD steps respectively toward the DODD base elements, cover on their element leaders, and assume the lSJISil'SJJSJ NORMAL INTERVAL: attention position. ARMS LENGTH e. When close interval is attained, the flight will change from half step march to normal 30 inch step march at the command "Forward, MARCH ... Illustration 39 Statements "b" and "d" describe the correct procedures used to close ranks when the flight is at the halt. Statements "a", "c", and "e" are the procedures used to close ranks when raarching. 58. Assume that the flight in Ilustration 40 is marching at quick time. Which of the following activities are required for the flight to obtain the normal interval between the files? a. To obtain the normal interval between the files, the command "Extend, MARCH.. must first be given. 1ST 2ND t3RO 4~ f8l~t81181 b. At the command MARCH, will take up the half the 4th (base) element step. 0 0 D 0 D D D 0 c. At the command MARCH, the 4th (base) element will execute the halt and stand fast. D D D D D D D D d. At the command 111\RCH, the 3rd, 2nd, and 1st elements will execute left oblique, take one, three, and five steps respectively away from D D D 0 D D D 0 the base element, resume the original direction D 0 D D of march, and take up the half step march. rsJ ISl l'SJ ISl C·LOSE INTERVAL.; 4 INCHES 116 Illustration 40 e. At the command MARCH, the 3rd, 2nd, and 1st elements will take two, four, and six side {left) steps respectively away from the base. f. When the normal interval is obtained, the regular 30-inch step will be resumed with the command Forward, MARCH." Statements "a," "b," and "f" must be executed if the flight is to correctly change from close interval to normal interval when marching in quick time. Statements "a," "c," and "e" will be executed to accomplish a normal interval between the files if the flight is at the halt. QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW 1. Here are three flights of an Air Force ROTC Cadet Squadron that are forming in line in preparation for a parade. Flight A is to lead the parade with Flight B and Flight C following in that order. However, Flight A or Flight B, or both flights will have to move before Flight B can assume its position between Flights A and C. Which of the following movements do you think would be the most logical and most economical movement to execute to accomplish this? a. Flight C to execute Face Left in marching and march to a point where it will not be an obstruction to Flight B. b. Flight A to execute Right Step March and march to a point where it will not longer be an obstruction to Flight B. c. Flight C will execute To The Rear, MARCH and halt when the men are in line with the men in Flight B. d. Command Flight A to fall out and re-form at another post to the right. 6 PACES .------.L...t-----,1 ~ FLIGHT C FLIGHT A FLIGHT B Illustration 41. 117 2. Match the command on the right with the movement on the left by writing the number of the command in the appropriate space beside the movement described. MOVEMENTS COMMANDS a. The rules for this type of march required 1. Half Step, MARtH~ you to maintain the prescribed interval and distance within the formation and 2. Right (Left) S~ep; MARCH •. to remain silent. You are not required to maintain cadence. 3. Route Step, b. Pivot 90 degrees left on the ball of the MARCH. right foot and step off in the new direction with the left foot. 4. At Ease, MARCH• c. Take one more step after the command s. Right execution and then pivot 90 degrees (Left) Flank, to the right on the ball of the left MARCH. foot. Next, step off in the new direction with the right foot. 6. To the Rear• MARCH. d. Raise the right leg and place the right foot 12 inches outward. Next, 7. Change Step, place the left foot beside the right MARCH. foot as if at attention. Continue to shift in quick shift in quick time until ordered to halt. e. Take one more 30 inch step after the 8. Right Face, command of execution and then shorten MARCH. the steps to 15 inches. f. Take one more step with the left foot, then, between counts, place the right toe near the left heel and step off the left foot on the next count. 3. When the command "Route Step, MARCH" is given, you may then: (check one) a. Talk and be out of step. b. Not talk, but be out of step. c. Walk free of prescrioed interval. d. Talk, be out of step, and walk at a comfortable distance. 4. Which foot should be striking the ground when the execution command "Change Step, MARCH" is given? a. The left foot. b. The right foot. c. Either foot. d. Neither foot. 118 5. lYhat is the length of the step taken when marching half step? a. 12 inches b. 30 inches c. 18 inches d. 15 inches 6. From the list below, check the four commands that apply to double time marching. a. "Double Time. MARCH" given while marching half step. ~ b. "Double Time. MARCH" given while marching quick time. ........_ c • ''Flight. HALT" given while marching double time. d. "Quick Time. MARCH" given while marching double time. e. "Right Step.MARCH" given while marching double time. f. "Double Time. MARCH" given from the halt. -·- 7. The rate of marching 120 steps per minute (12, 15 or 30 inch steps) is called: ...____ a • Double time. b. Mark Time. c. Quick Time. d. Day Time. -··-· 8. When the command "Present. ARMS" is given, which of the following is required to salute? a. The element leaders and the flight sergeant. b. Each airman within the formation. c. Both a and b above. 9. When marching in column at normal interval, and the command Close. MARCH is given as the right foot strikes the ground; (select the statement that correctly completes the sentence) a. The base element takes up the half step while the other elements execute a 45 degree oblique to the right, take 1,3, and 5 steps respectively toward the base element, and then resume the original direction at the half step. b. The base element executes a halt while the other elements incline to the right until close interval is obtained and then they will come to a halt. 10. When marching in a column of fours and the command Column Right. MARCH is given, the 4th element leader pivots 90 degrees right on the ball of the left foot, advances one pace in the new direction, and then assumes the half step. Which of the following contain the correct procedures for the remaining element leaders to execute? a. The 3rd, 2nd, and 1st element leader will execute right a 45 degree right pivot, march 2, 4, and 6 steps respectively, execute a second 45 degree pivot, and march in the new direction with a full step until each leader comes abreast of the right flank individual. 119 b. The Jrd, 2nd, iiild 1st element leaders "lili exec•1te a 45 degree right pivot, rnarch until they come abreast of the iJivot, and then irv:line to the right marching full step until they come abreast of the right flank individual. ll. i<.ead the following narrative and then check it as being either true or false. "When column .novements are executed from the halt, the movetuents are the same as those executed ;.rhile marching with these exceptions: At the command MARCH, the element leaders will execute a face in marching to the indicated direction; on the command Column Right, MARCH, element leaders will take one pace forYTard and then execute the movement." a. The statement above is true. b. The statement above is false. 12. i<.ead the following narrative and then determine what command was given to cause the flight to execute the movement described. "At the preparatory command, the element leader on the right commands Forward; the reruaining element leaders command STAND FAST. As other commands are given, each element in turn steps off, inclines to the right, and follow-s the leading element." a. ''Column of Files From. the Right, Forward. MARCil. n b. "Column of Twos (Fours) to the Left, MARCH. c. "Column of Files From the Right, Column Right. HARCif. d. "Column of Twos From the Right. Forward, MARCH. .. Correct responses to review questions. 1. b. 2. a. 4, b. 5, c. 5, d. 2 , e .1 , and f.7 3. a. 4. b • .5. d. 6. b, c, d, and f. 7. c. 8. c. 9. a. 10. a. 11. a. 12. a. 120 Section 7 DRILL OF TUL SQUADRON T.i!S POf<.TIOtl of the text takes the units that have been covered to this point ar1d puts tite1!1 int a laq_;er unit calle;l the squadro11o Like the flight, the squadron is composed of two or iilore smaller units. The smaller units that compose the flight are elements. The two or .oore units that compose the squadron are called flights. 'l'he procedures for organizing the squadron are described in paragraphs 5-Ja through 5-3g of AFr·l 50-.~.4. f,eaJ tt1e extract and thet1 perform the exercises that follow. S-3. To Form the Squadron iu Line: a. The squadron is formed in line with flights iu line by the first sergeant, who takes an initial post nine paces in front of the point where the center of the squadron is to be, faces that iJOint, and commands FALL IN. At the command FALL IN, the squadron forms in two or raore fli[_;hts with normal i:1.terval between individuals (unless close interval is directed) and three-pace inter vals between flights. b. While positioning units in an area or formation, the command is____ Paces Forward, MAKCti or______ Steps Backward, riAR.(.'H. ( i.n backward march, the airman takes 15-inch steps backward starting with the left foot, and maintains normal armswing). These commands are used for short distances only, four paces (steps) or less. c. Each flight sergeant takes a post three paces in front of the fli3ht and centered on it. The flights then form as prescribed under the supervision of the flight sergeants. The left flank of the flight is squared as nearly as possible. d. The flight sergeauts then command UPORT. Remaining in position, the element leaders in succession form front to rear of each flight salute and report: " Ele ment, all present" or " t.:lemeut, (number) persons absent." The flight sergeants face about. e. At the command R.A!'.;PO&T, give by the first sergeant, the flight sergeants, beginning with the right flight, successively salute and report: Flight, all present or accounted for" or " Flight, (number) persons absent." All flights having reported, the first sergeant commands POST. The flight sergeants face about and move by the roost direct routes to their positions in the ranks. The squadron commander takes a center position 12 paces in front of and facing the squadron to receive the report of the first sergeant. The guidon bearer assumes a position with the commander. The first sergeant then faces the squadron commander, salutes, and reports, "Sir/Ma'am all present or accounted 121 for" or "(number) persons absent." Without command, the first sergeant faces about and moves by the most direct route to the appropriate position. f. The flight commanders immediately take their posts after the first sergeant has reported. g. In forming the squadron, any individual required to make a report salutes while reporting and holds the salute until it is returned. The individual receiving the report does not return the salute until the report is completed. 1. In reading the preceding paragraphs you no doubt noticed that there are three additional individuals with titles which are used to make up the squadron that were not included with the airmen that make up the flight. These additional people are the guidon bearer, the first sergeant, and the squadron commander. Look at the list of symbols below and then write squadron commander, first sergeant, and guidon bearer in the space beside the correct symbol. 2 3 5 Here are the correct symbols and titles. Compare those you identified with numbers one, four, and five below. FIRST SERGEANT ~ FLIGHT SERGEANT 2 ~ • FLIGHT COMMANDER 3 GUIDON BEARER 0• " SQUADRON COMMANDER 5 122 ~ l + 9 PACES 3 PACES l 0 ..-----L---~ '-----------' ~ ' ' r-·j:, -· ,--~-, I o 1---;____J 3 PACES ......... J Illustration 42. 2. It is true that squadron forms in two or more flights with the normal interval between the airmen when the first sergeant gives the command "FALL IN." Check the statements below that are also true regarding the formation of the squadron. a. Before the first sergeant gives the command FALL IN, he takes a post nine paces in front of the point where the center of the squadron is supposed to be and faces that point. b. As the members of each flight form in line at normal interval, a distance of three paces will be maintained between the flights. c. The position of each flight sergeant is nine paces in front of the center of his/her flight. d. In event the members of a flight form in a line too close to or too far from the flight sergeant, he/she can reposition them by commanding them to move forward or backward a maximum of four paces or steps. Statement "c" above is the only one that is not correct. Paragraph 5-3c and Ill. 42 both indicate the distance between the flight sergeant and the flight to be three paces; not nine paces. 123 ..---6-P_A....~..(_E_s____,J ~TEs Illustration 43. Read each of the statements following and select the alternative that you think is correct. After you respond to number eight, check your responses. 3. Once the airmen of each flight are at their posts the flight sergeants will com,nand "REPORT.'' The ele;nent leaders from front to rear will remain at their posts, salute, and report which of tile following? a. The number of airmen absent from his/her element. b. That all members of his/her element are present. c. Neither "a" nor "b" above. d. Either "a" or "b" above. 4. 'l'he first sergeant will then command "R.EPORT" whereupon the flight set·geants from right to left will report i:he following: a. That all tf1e individuals of his/her flight are present or accounted for. b. The number of airmen absent from his/her flight. c. Neither "a" or "b" above. d. t:ither "a" or "b" above. 124 5. iiow long is any individual who rnakes a report required to hold a salute? a. The person making the report will hold the salute until the report is completed and the salute is returned. b. The person making the report will hold the salute until the individual receiving the report has relayed the report to his/her superior. 6. Immediately after tl1e flight seq,;eants have made their reports, the first sergeant commands "POST ... What happens when this command is 3iven? a. The squadron commander places himself/herself beside the first sergeant ••hile the flight sergeants face about anu take their posts beside the flight guide. b. The flight seq~eants face about and move to their positions in the ranks by the most direct route. 'fhe squadron commander centers himself/herself in front of and facing the squadron. 7. 'ivhen the squadron commander and the guidon bearer reach their stations, the first sergeant faces the commander, salutes, and 6ives his/her report. He/she then faces about and, without command, takes the most direct route to his/her post. The flight commanders will take their posts in front of t~1eir flights: a. Just before the first sergeant makes his/her report. b. Immediately after the first sergeant makes his/her report. 8. With the squadron formed in line, write the correct number in each of the spaces below. a. The squadron commander's post is paces to the front and center of the squadron. b. The flight commander's posts are paces to the front and center of their respective flights. c. The first sergeant's post is i aches to the rear of the left hand flight behind the left flank or-the 4th squad. Correct responses for exercises three through eight above: 3. d 7. b 4. d 8. a. lL s. a b. 6 6. b c. 40 To aline the Squadron. First read paragraph 5-4 of AFri 50-14 that follows, and then perform the exercise. 125 5-4. To Aline ~he Squadron: a. To aline the squadron formed in line at a halt, the squadron commander orders DRESS FLIGHTS TO THE RIGHT. At this command, the flight commanders face about and the flight commander of the base flight dresses the flight immediately by the commands Dress Right, DRESS; Ready, FRONT. Flights are dressed as described in flight drill. Each flight com mander's fllght is dressed to the right as soon as the preceding flight commander halts and faces down line of the first element. When not adjacent the base flight, the flight commander's flight is dressed on the next flight toward the base flight. When the squadron is formed in line (see 111. 43) and the squadron commander gives the command "DRESS FLIGHTS TO THE RIGHT," each flight commander will in turn: (check the item below that correctly completes the narrative) 9. a. Face about and simultaneously dress their flights by giving the command ""Dress Right, DRESS." After proper alinement has been established, the commander will·command "Ready, FRONT." b. Face about and aline their flights in sequence starting with the base flight on the right. Each commander to the left dresses his/her flight to the right as soon as the first rank of the flight on his/her right has completed its dress. The commands given in "a" above are correct, but the flight commanders do NOT aline their flights simultaneously. Each flight commander will aline his flight in succeeding order from right to left when in line as described in statement "b." r' 1?? 3 PACES 1. T 3 PACES ACCEPTING THE INSPECTING OFFICER [SJ D D ·D D D ~!&J A ~ISJDDDDD~ WHILE INSPECTING EACH MAN ,,40 0 rs:JDDDDD~~ B ~rs:JDDDDD~ --te WHILE MOVING FROM MAN TO MAN te ~ ..Q.. LSJDDDDD~~ c ~ ts:l. 0 D D ~ Illustration 44. D D 126 Inspection of the Squadron. To prepare the squadron for inspection, the squadron commander will give the informational command "PREPARE FOR INSPECTION... At this command, each flight commander will face about and open the ranks of his/her flight, by using the same command and procedures prescribed for opening ranks in Drill of the Flight, and then command "Parade,REST" for his/her unit. With the individuals in the squadron standing at parade rest and at openranks, they are ready to be inspected by the inspecting officer. The correct procedures for squadron inspection are described in paragraphs 5-5b through 5-Sf which have been extracted from AFM 50-14. Read the material and then perform the exercises that follow. 5-S. Inspection of the Squadron: b. When all flights are at parade rest, the squadron commander begins by inspecting the guidon bearer. The guidon bearer may assume the position of parade rest after being inspected. c. The first sergeant joins the squadron commander if so directed and takes notes during the inspection. As the squadron commander approaches each flight, the commander brings the flight to attention, salutes, and reports: "Sir/Ma'am, Flight is prepared for inspection." After beingiiispected, the flight commander accompanies the squadron commander throughout the inspection of the flight. The flight commander's position is to the right rear of the inspecting officer so as to walk in the lead as in a showing capacity. Single file between ranks is observed with the flight commander in the lead followed by the inspecting officer and in turn by the first sergeant, as required. The squadron commander, beginning at the head of the column or right of the line, makes a a minute inspection of the equipment, dress, and appearance of the airmen. d. The inspection is made from right to left in front and from left to right in rear of each rank. e. The flight commander may give parade rest to elements not being inspected. The element leader calls the element to attention just before the inspecting officer completes the inspection of the preceding element. Likewise, the element leader may give the element parade rest after it has been inspected. f. On completion of the inspection of each flight, the flight commander moves three paces beyond the front rank, halts, faces down the line, and calls the flight to attention. The flight commnder then takes one pace forward, faces to the right, and 127 receives comments from the inspecting officer. The flight commander salutes the inspecting officer upon departure and then faces down the line and commands Close Ranks, l~CH. The flight commander then commands Parade, REST; AT EASE; or REST, whichever is appropriate, takes a post in front of the flight and centered on it, and assumes the same position as the flight. 10. After the ranks of each flight have been opened for inspection, the flight commanders then command parade rest for their flights. But there is one individual within the squadron to whom the command does not apply and he is left standing at attention. This individual is: a. The flight guide who will remain at attention in the event he has to answer questions asked by the commander. b. The guidon bearer who will remain at attention until he has been inspected after which he may assume the position of parade rest. Since the guidon bearer is not considered a part of any one flight, he/she is not subject to the commands of any one flight commander. He/she, therefore, remains at attention until after he/she has been inspected and then assumes the position of parade rest. 11. Who calls each element to attention just before the inspecting officer completes inspection of the preceding element and likewise gives the element parade rest immediately after it has been inspected? a. The flight sergeant. b. The element leader. When any one element is required to do something different from the other elements within a flight or do the same movement but at a different time, it becomes the element leader's responsibility to give his element the command. Such is the case in question 11 above. 12. In Ill. 438 and 43C, the first sergeant is accompanying the squadron commander and the flight commander as they inspect the individuals in each element. 'VJhat is the first sergeant's chief duty while the inspection of the individuals is taking place? a. The first sergeant's chief duty is to take notes during inspection. b. The first sergeant's chief duty is to cover the rear as the commander moves from one individual to the next. 128 Taking notes as stated in "a" above is the duty of the first sergeant during the inspection. 13. After each flight has been inspected and the flight commander has received comments froru the inspecting officer, what should the flight commander next command his/her flight to do? a. The flight commander shouhl next face down the line and command: ·erose Ranks, MARCH.· b. The flight commander should next inspect the troops to determine the accuracy of the inspecting officer. The correct order of procedures would be to close ranks immediately after receiving the inspecting officer's comments and then give his/her flight parade rest, at ease, or rest as appropriate. 14. Which of the following procedures are correct? a. The inspecting officer and those accompanying him/her will move from left to right in front and from right to left when in the rear of each rank. b. The inspecting officer and those accompanying him/her will move from right to left in front and from left to right when in the rear of each rank. Notice the position of the inspecting officer, the flight commander, and the first sergeant in Ill. 44C. Tney are 1ooving from right to left when in front of the rank as stated in alternative "b" above. 15. Hoving the Squadron. The squadron is moved from one place to another in a column of flights. Notice in Illustration 45 the position of the squadron connander, the guidon bearer, and the first sergeant. The guidon bearer is two paces to the left and one pace to the rear of the squadron commander. As you observe Illustration 45 write the titles of the men/women in the spaces beside the corresponding symbols. Correct responses: 1. Guidon tlearer 2. Squadron Commander 3. Flight Commanders 4. Flight Guides 5. Flight Sergeants 6. First Sergeant 129 0,_2- 5 pACES 6 pACES 1 & _4____ ~-·-~· \ I I ! I l~_s___ 3 PACES • 1& 4 3 I I I 6 ~ _ _s__ Illu8tration 4.J 5-10. To l.Jismiss the Squadron. The squadron, being in line at attention, will be dismissed as follows: a. The squadron commander directs the first sergeant to dismiss the squadron. The command is First Sergeant, (pause) DI:>MISS Tt:l£ SQUADRON. \~ith the squadron ia liue at a halt, at the command First Sergeant, the roost direct route is taken by the first sergeant to a point three paces from the squadron commander (nine paces in fcont of the center of the squadron). The first secgeant halts, and renders the salute. The squadron commander returns the salute and commands DISMISS Ttlli SQUADRON. Tne first sergeant salutes; the squadron commander returns the salute and falls out. At the same time, the other officers of the squadron and the guidon bearer fall out. Tne first sergeant executes about face and the flight sergeants take their posts three paces in front of the center of their flights. b. The first sergeant then orders the flight sergeants to dismiss their flights by giving them at the command DISMISS YOUR FLIGHTS. The first sergeant then falls out. The flight sergeants then face about and dismiss their flights. 16. In pagargapll 5-lOa above, the squadron commander gives this command to a subordinate; ""UISKISS YOUR FLIGU'fS." \..Jhen the squadron commander gives this command, who actually dismisses each flight? a. The flight commanders. b. The first sergeant. c. The flight secgeants. 130 As St':iled in tne last sentence of par.:tgraph 5-lOa, eacll t'li.6ht ser.;eant will dismiss his/her flight. In the meantime, after salutes ar-e exchanged between the squadr•>u com,nanJer and ti1e flight couHnanders, the squadrcJ!l com,:nander, the first sergeant, ana the guidon bearer wi.ll fall out. The flight com.nanuers will also fall out after they have given the co.nmand DISMISS Tll~ F'LIGHT to their fli.:;ht sergeants and salutes have been exchanged. 17. Who will dhLaiss the squadron when the squadron comGlander gives this command: "First Sergeant, lJI.5HISS THE SQUADRON? ~. The first sergeant. b. The flight sergeants. c. Etther "a" or "b" above. d. lleither "a" nor "b" above. The first sergeant ;nay dismiss the squadron by followint:; the procedureslisted in paragraph 5-lOa, or he may follow the procedures stated in parat;raph5-lOb and order the flight sergeants to dis;aiss their flights. Your bestanswer to question 17 above is alternative "c. Now answer the review questions. Questions for Review 1. When two or more flights are used to form a squadron in line, wheredoes the first sergeant place himself/herself before he/she gives thecommand FALL IN? a. Nine paces in front of the point where the centee of the squadron issupposed to be and facing that point. b. At his/her regular position 40 inches behind and to the left of thetrailing rank of the center flight. 2. Before the first sergeant vacates his/her position in front of thesquadron formed in line, he/she will COlilmand, REPORT. Who makes the report tothe first sergeant? a. The leader of each element from front to rear. b. Each flight sergeant from right to left. 3. Who usually accompanies the squadron commander when he/she inspectsthe flights that compose the squadron? a. The flight comGlander and the flight sergeant. b. The flight commander and the first sergeant. c. The first sergeant and tne flight guide. 131 4. When inspecting the'(troops, the inspecting party will move: _a •. From right to left when l;-t front of each rank and irom left to right when behind each rank. b. From left to right when in front of each rank and from right to left 111hen behind each rank. 5. If your are the leading right flank individual of a squadron standing at attention and the command R.ight Turn, MARCH is given, 111hich of the follo111ing movements would be correct for you to execute'? a. Take one j)ace forward, execute a 90 degree pivot to the right, advance one 30 inch step in the nell/ direction, and then assume the half step. b. Face 90 degrees to the right in marching, advance one 30 inch step in the new direction, and then assutUe the half step. Correct responses to review questions: 1. a 4. a 2. b 5. a 3. b 1984-746-037/2432 AUGAFS,AL(844923)73000 132