US D 1.2:D 39 IJSON Developmental Technologies 1998 ., ~,_,...· . ... ·' '4{" 7... . . ... ·.· ~. 1 . • ~-·~ To the Reader: The purpose of this document is to inform demining communities of the significant accomplishments made by the Department of Defense Humanitarian Demining Research and Development (R&D) Program. This document provides detailed descriptions of the most promising equipment developed and evaluated in Fiscal Years 1997 and 1998. In addition, it contains short descriptions of prototype demining equipment evaluated since the program began in Fiscal Year 1995. This guide exists to help governmental and nongovernmental organizations, and humanitarian donors identify means to assist nations in establishing and sustaining indigenous demining capabilities. Additionally, American embassies, foreign governments, and regional Commanders-in-Chief can use this guide to learn about available equipment that can assist in dealing with the landmine hazard. Equipment developed under this program, and available now, stands ready to make a measurable difference in the international humanitarian demining effort. Honorable H. Allen Holmes Assistant Secretary of Defense (Special Operations and Low Intensity Conflict) LOCKWOOD LIBRARY UNIVERSITY AT BUFFALO OCT 2 8 1998 DOCUMENTS DEPOSITOF.Y LIBRARY 0433 Humanitarian Demining Developmental Technologies 1998 Disclaimer The technologies displayed in this document were developed and evaluated under the Department of Defense Humanitarian Demining Research and Development Program. The purpose of this publication is to provide information to organizations involved in humanitarian demining activities. Demining is an inherently dangerous activity. This document provides an overview of the types of products and technologies that are available for demining in order to bring as many options as possible to the attention of the reader. DoD does not endorse the listed products or companies, and makes no warranties or representations concerning the use of the listed products. Interested agencies are encouraged to contact listed vendors and contractors directly for equipment availability and most current pricing. The Department of Defense points of contact, however, would appreciate any and all feedback on equipment suitability and use. Table of Contents Preface ..................................................................................................................................................... 1 Detection Equipment ...............................................................................................................................5 Camcopter ....... .... ..... ..... .. .. .... .. ... .. ............. ......................... ..................................................................... 6 Mini Mine Detector (MIMID) .................. .. ... .......................................................................................... ... 8 Completed Detection Projects ..... ..................................................................................................... ..... 1 0 Clearance Equipment ............................................................................................................................ 13 Mine Clearing Cultivator ..... ... ............... ................................................................................................ 14 Floating Mine Blade .. .... .. ........ .......... ...................................... ....... ... .. .. ............ ..... ............................. .. 16 Enhanced Tele-Operated Ordnance Disposal System (ETODS) ............ .... ................. ... ............. ........ 18 RHINO Earth Tiller ........................................................ ......................... .................... ...... ............. ..... ... 20 Survivable Demining Tractor & Tools (SDTT) ........ ............. ........ ........ ..................................... ............. 22 Mini-Flail ..... ..... ...... ... .................................... .. ....................................................................................... 24 LEXFOAM ® ...... .................. ... ................... .. .................... .......................... ... .. ..... ......................... ... ..... 26 Completed Clearance Projects .. ..... ...................... ..... ...... ............ ..... .... .................... ........... ....... ... ... ..... 28 Training and Mine Awareness ...............................................................................................................31 Mine Awareness Comic Books ...... .. .............................. .. ... ............... ..... ........................................ ...... 32 Demining Support System (DSS) ..................................................................... ...... .... ........ ... .. ....... .... .. 34 ORDATA ............................ .................................................. ................................................................... 36 Individual Tools ......... .......................................................... ................................................................... 39 Rigid Marking Foam ...... ... ... ... .. .. ..... ..... ....... ...... ..... .. .... ........ ... ... ... ............ ........................ ... .............. ... 40 Universal Power Manager (UPM) .............. ................................... ...... ........................................... .. ..... 42 Air Spade ...... .................................. .. ....................................... ............................... ............................... 44 Blast & Fragment Containers ................................ .. ................................... ............................................ 46 Enhancements to Protective Visors and Helmets ... .. ......... ........... ....... .... ....... ................... .................. .48 AN-19/PSS-12 Mine Marking System Enhancements .......................................................................... 50 Completed Individual Tool Projects ....................................................................................................... 52 Near Future Systems .............................................................................................................................54 Summary ................................................................................................................................................ 55 Humanitarian Demining Developmental Technologies 1998 A. Genesis of the Land mine Problem Since the mid 19th century, landmines have been an important and prolific weapon of war. Although a long standing and accepted part of warfare between military forces , innocent civilians have now become the primary victims of landmines. The Department of State currently estimates that some 60 million mines pose a significant hazard in upwards of 70 countries. The problem is most acute in nations already ravaged by conflict and lacking the resources and the infrastructure needed to deal with their landmine problems. Mines are a prominent weapon in these regions because they are so effective, yet so inexpensive and easy to make. This menace denies access to roadways and other lines of communication, villages and urban areas, agricultural fields, and other rural areas long after the declaration of peace. Their numbers and the devastation they inflict are staggering. The removal and destruction of all forms of dangerous battlefield debris, particularly landmines and other unexploded ordnance (UXO}, are vital prerequisites for a country to recover from the aftermath of a war. Humanitarian Demining Developmental Technologies 1998 B. The Landmine Problem is Tough to Solve The development of new demining technologies is difficult because of the tremendous diversity of environmental conditions in which mines are employed and because of the wide variety of land mines. Mines range in size and type from antipersonnel models small enough to fit into a child's hand to large antitank mines. Activation mechanisms include pressure , electronic and command detonation. Mines are made of metallic and nonmetallic materials . This tremendous diversity combined with the fact that existing equipment and techniques make demining slow, dangerous and man-intensive, makes the elimination of landmines an extremely complex mission . Improvements in technology are critical to the success of efforts intended to reduce this threat. C. U.S. Participation in Demining The United States and other countries are working to eliminate the land mine problem. Military forces , non-governmental organizations and contracted commercial enterprises are all involved in demining . For the U .S . Military, Special Operations Forces (SOF) components of the theater commands , with Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD), civil affairs and psychological operations participation, establish and help maintain dem ining and mine awareness training programs. Demining programs, and therefore equipment requirements , vary from country to country based on the education level, industrial capability, nature of the mine and overall UXO threat, and geographic and environmental conditions. It is a huge challenge to optimize technology to make a meaningful difference in the elimination of land mines. The plight of the many nations suffering from severe landmine problems and the threat to U.S . forces engaged in peace operations has led to an emphasis by the President, the Congress and the Department of Defense on the development of new technologies and equipment for mine detection and clearance. The development of these new technologies will improve the efficiency, safety and effectiveness ofthe demining process. Under the direction of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Special Operations and Low-Intensity Conflict (ASD(SO/LIC)), research and development programs to meet the needs of humanitarian demining operations are now underway at the U.S. Army's Night Vision and Electronic Se nsors Directorate (NVESD). D. Program Description Since FY1995, the U.S. Department of Defense has been engaged in a substantial development effort to increase the efficiency and safety of demining. The Humanitarian Demining Research and Development (R&D) Program focuses on developing, testing and evaluating technologies to meet the full range of demining requirements: individual deminer protection ; vegetation clearance; hand held detection; wide area detection; and mechanical mine clearance. The goal is to rapidly provide suitable technology to detect all landmines , achieve near 100% removal , improve operator safety, and provide special purpose hand and small power tools optimized for demining . Where applicable, DoD humanitarian demining R&D efforts leverage technology investments from U.S. and foreign military countermine, remediation of defense sites , EOD , and the clearance of training and test ranges . The diversity of the mine threat points to the need for different types of equipment to neutralize landmines. The requirement to develop equipment for use by dem iners with different training levels , cultures , and education levels greatly adds to the challenge. The critical need dictates a development effort that maximizes the use of commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) technology. The R&D program evaluates new, proven , and promising technologies that can be shared in an international environment and that are suitable for usage in the conduct of demining operations . This program allows the United States to expand its contributions to assist other countries in developing effective demining programs. Since the program began in Fiscal Year 1995, the NVESD has designed, developed, and demonstrated many short term, low risk, and practical solutions for mine detection, mine clearance and neutralization, individual tools , and mine awareness and training. Several prototype items performed well enough to be put into immediate operational use in support of humanitarian demining operations. In June 1997, DoD published the first edition of this guide to document the most promising FY1995-1996 developments. This edition of the guide concentrates on demining technology developments that emerged from the FY1997 program. It is DoD's intent to continue publishing this guide each year. Every edition will report on the most important developments since the preceding issue . Each technology description includes a point of contact to obtain further information on the item . In most cases it is the contractor. Anyone is free to discuss direct purchase of the equipment with these companies. For a few of the prototypes that were developed at U.S. Government facilities , a government point of contact is provided for additional technical information . To discuss how to acquire these items directly, or to obtain any of the equipment listed in this guide for field testing through the U .S. Humanitarian Demining Assistance Program, contact the OASD(SO/LIC) at the following address : Department of Defense OASD(SO/LIC) Requirements, Technology, and Acquisition 2500 Defense Pentagon Washington , DC 20301-2500 Phone: (703) 693-5222, fax extension 3039 Email: solicacq@osd.pentagon.mil Humanitarian Demining Developmental Technologies 1998 Detection Equipment The Humanitarian Demining R&D Program has aggressively sought technologies to improve landmine detection. The challenge to improve detection of mines with low-metal content, while at the same time discriminating them from nonexplosive debris is difficult. To address these challenges, the R&D program has evaluated several prototype systems using simple to sophisticated technologies. These include improved metal detectors, ground penetrating radar, infrared, and ultraviolet sensors. In addition, the program has examined various "sensor fusion" applications in conjunction with automatic target recognition (ATR) and the use of dogs . Documentation on file at the Defense Technical Information Center (OTIC), on the worldwide web and in last year's edition of this document, describe these systems. The program is also closely monitoring ongoing R&D developments in the United States and foreign military countermine, range clearance and EOD for the possibility of leveraging promising technologies while avoiding duplication of effort. FY1997 detection efforts focused on the development and evaluation of the Camcopter, an airborne platform designed to carry various sensor payloads for detection and mission planning, and continued development of the Mini Mine Detector. Several new detection efforts are underway in the FY1998 program. These will be reported in the next update of this document. Humanitarian Demining Developmental Technologies 1998 Camcopter Objective Provide an aerial platform to be used for identification, detection, digital mapping and marking, and mission planning of mines and minefields. Description The Camcopter is a remotely controlled, fully autonomous aerial platform for use in locating and detecting individual mines and minefields. It is designed to carry equipment that can be used for data gathering, minefield mapping, and demining mission planning. The Camcopter system consists of the Cam copter aerial platform currently configured with a dual sensor gimbal consisting of a CCD camera and infrared sensor, a dedicated Ground Control Station (GCS), a Flight Control Unit, and a Sensor Control Unit. The Camcopter can be operated manually or automatically by programming preselected rou tes or way points at the GCS. The Camcopter operates in vertical takeoff and landing modes, therefore, there is no need for launch or recovery equipment. The Camcopter system is modular in design, is transported to a field site via a light utility vehicle and ca n be carried into the field and set up by a single individual. It has integrated fail-safe mechanisms that reduce the risk of injury or inadvertent damage and is simple to operate. li A ,_ .__ Contractor/Developer . $ .. A Schiebel Technology, Inc. Suite 804 2127 California Street, NW Washington, DC 20008 ATTN: Robert F. (Fitz) Carty Phone: (202) 483-831 1 or Fax: (202) 483-8316 Email: roca@schiebel .com Performance During testing, the Camcopter performed at cruising speeds of up to 90 km/h (56 mph) and reached altitudes up to 1700 meters. These performance levels were achieved during favorable weather conditions. The Camcopter can hold fuel tanks that range in capacity from 5 to 30 liters and demonstrated an average fuel burn-off rate of 4 liters per hour. During ideal conditions , the camcopter may be operated within a 1Okm radius of a remote operator. The dual-sensor gimbal system, with its lnSb-based 256 X 256 thermal imager and monochrome ceo camera, demonstrated the ability to locate mine-like objects. These objects were digitally marked using the on-board DGPS. The video recorded from the platform can be used for demining mission planning in previously unmapped areas. limitations • Must fly above treeline of heavily vegetated areas . • Urban environments can be difficult to fly in because line of sight communication is required. • Detection capability is limited to performance of the sensors . Status The system is currently under development. To discuss the possibility of obtaining this item for field testing through the U.S. Government Humanitarian Demining Program, contact the DoD point of contact listed on page 3 of this catalog. Specifications The Station allows operators to program flights and monitor the Camcopter throughout the mission. The Camcopter's primary payload is a dual sensor gimbal system . It consists ofan azimuth over elevation gimbaled turret with integrated thermal imaging and monochrome television sensor modules. Camcopter Aerial Platform: Ground Control Station: Power Plant: Fuel Tank: Burn-off: Rotor System: Main Rotor: Cruise Speed : Mission Radius : Data Link : Video Link: Tracking: Navigation: Climb Rate : Hover Ceiling : Length: Main Rotor Diameter: Payload: On-board Power Supply: Thermal Imaging Sensor: Model: Focal Plane Array: NEDT (temporal): Focal Lengths : Cooldown Time : Video Format: 11 kw ( 14.8 hp) two-stroke engine Mission Control Unit: Pentium 200 MHz 128MB RAM 51iters , expandable to 30 liters Sensor Control Unit: Pentium 200 MHz 128MB RAM 4 liters per hour is typi cal Flight Control Unit: Pentium 200 MHz 64MB RAM Main rotor with Bell -Hiller stabilizer and tail roto r Monitor: 20.1 in TFT Color LCD , pixel flat Typi cal 720 rprn screen 90 km/h (56 mph ) Supply Voltage : 10 to 30 VDC lAW MIL-STD 1 0 km (6 miles) standard 1275A S-Band , bi-directional Power Consumption: Approx. 500 W each C-Band (downlink) Fully-autonomous, remotely Dual Sensor Gimbal System: INS-based and DGPS-based Turret Field of Regard : 360 degrees 300m/min (990ft/min ) Turret slew rates : 0 to 50 degrees/sec1700 m (weather permitting) Max. Acceleration : 60 degrees/sec2 2500 mm (98.43") 3020 mm (118 .76") Visible TV Camera: Up to 25 kg (551bs. ) Camera: 112 in monochrome ceo with 28 VDC lAW MIL-STD 1275A an f/2.1 1OX zoom lens Pixel Arrangement: 811 H X 508V (NTSC) , 795H X 596V(PAL) Mklll Quantum by lnframetrics Focal Lengths: 12 to 120 mm continuous zoom lnSb based 256 x 256 array Resolution: 450 TVL (NTSC), 443 TVL (PAL)0.03 degrees C 4 Positions -25 , 54, 116, 250 mm 7-8 minutes RS-170/CCIR Humanitarian Demining Developmental Technologies 1998 Mini Mine Detector (MIMID) Objective Develop a hand held mine detector small enough to be carried on a deminer's waist belt, that can be used by the deminer in a standing, kneeling, or prone position , and with comparable performance as the AN-19/PSS-12. Description The Mini Mine Detector (MIMI D) is a battery powered hand held compact metal detector that fits into a deminer's belt-mounted pouch and can be readily used for emergency extraction from previously unmarked mined areas. The MIMID can be set up for operation in less than thirty seconds . It is designed to detect buried minimum metal content antitank and antipersonnel mines. Its performance is comparable to the U.S . Army standard AN-19/PSS-12 metal detector. All controls are within easy reach of the operator and similar to those of the AN-19/2. The length of the telescopic shaft can be adjusted for operation in upright, kneeling or prone position . The unique shape of the search head allows for better use in confined areas around buildings and in heavy vegetation. ogy, nc. 2127 California Street, N.W. , Suite 804 Washington , D.C. 20008 ATTN : Hans G. Schiebel Telephone : (202) 483-8311 or Fax : (202) 483-8316 Email : gesc@schiebel.com Performance In laboratory and field tests in Bosnia , Jordan , and Namibia , the MIMID has demonstrated nearly identical sensitivity and detection capability as the AN-19/PSS-12 metal detector in sandy, rocky and highly magnetic soils. An advantage for deminers is the ease of which the MIMID can be transformed for use in the standing, kneeling , or prone position by collapsing shaft sections. With a system weight of only 1.2 kg (3 lbs . ), the unit can be easily carried at all times . The MIMID has a built in speaker, so that it can be used with or without headphones. The unit includes a visual display of light emitting diodes indicating intensity and providing a constant readout ofthe detection signal strength . This feature is useful for center determination of large metallic objects . The MIMID nominally operates 30 hours on 4 AA batteries. In laboratory tests the MIMID operated an average of 5 hours on four Alkaline AA cells at maximum current draw before activating the low voltage alarm. The MIMID can accept auxiliary power input for operation from external supply, such as veh icle power, batteries or a solar panel. The MIMID units do not have mutual interference when they are operated 7.5 em or more apart. The units maintained consistent detection sensitivity when tested for operation from +51 oc to -32 °C in high humidity, high altitude, and immersed operations in fresh and salt water. Limitations • Reduced sensitivity in highly mineralized soils. • Water droplets on the detector search head must be dried off after immersed operation. • For best sensitivity performance the MIMID should be operated with at least one shaft section extended. Status The MIMID is available immediately. To discuss the possibility of obtaining this item for field testing through the U.S. Government Humanitarian Demining Program , contact the DoD point of contact listed on page 3 of The Mini Mine Detector (MIMID) with all shaft sections extended and optional headphones (AN-19/PSS-12, top, shown for comparison). The MIM/0 collapsed to minimum operational length (AN-19/PSS-12, top, shown for comparison). The belt mounted MIM/0 unit is shown with carrying case and accessories. this catalog. Specifications Electrical: Power Supply: Nominal Voltage: Current Consumption: Auxiliary Supply: General: Complete Unit: Carry Bag: Headphone (optional): Storage Temperature: Operational Temperature: Relative Humidity: Submersed Operation: Dimensions: Four AA batteries Folded size: 320mm x 55mm x 95 mm 6 V DC (12 .60in x 2.20in x 3.70in) up to 150 mA Fully extended : ~ .250 mm (50 .00 in) 4 to 20 V DC Accessories: approx. 1.20 kg 3.00 lbs. ~ Padded fabric carry case with pockets approx. 0.10 kg 0.20 lbs . One set of spare batteries approx. 0.20 kg 0.50 lbs . A test piece -55°C to +85°C -6JOF to + 185°F) Optional titanium mine probe -40°C to + 70°C -40°F to + 158°F) Optional waterproof headphone up to 95 % Operators manual up to 30m (100ft) * Manufacturer's su Humanitarian Demining Developmental Technologies 1998 Completed Detection Projects In order to assist demining organizations and other R&D programs, this section co ntains descriptions of completed detection projects and a brief description of the outcome from testing. The information should help other organizations that are considering following the same or similar approaches. Additional results are documented in the FY1995 test report , Countermine Technologies for Humanitarian Demining, Test Results Report, December 19, 1995, available from the Defense Technical Information Center (OTIC A310061). Ground Based Quality Assurance. A FY1995-1996 Government laboratory project, the Ground Based QA prototype was an assembly of four cameras (3-5 micron and 8-12 micron IR, UV and normal video) . The concept was to feed the signals from all four ca meras , aimed at the same spot, to a computer software program that would analyze the images and use an automatic target recognition (ATR) algorithm to mark suspected mine locations on the operator's screen. Although the system showed potential, the Ground Based Quality Assurance prototype did not co nsistently discriminate mines from clutter. Other ag encies are currently pursuing ATR enhancements. Humanitarian Innovative Mine Sensor (HIMS). In FY1997, the Humanitarian Demining Program investigated the use of polarized IR cameras to detect mi nes. A demonstration took place in November 1997 using a Nichols Research Corporation developed polarized IR camera. The advantages of polarimetric imagery over conventional radiometric IR for detection of mines were not demonstrated. Such a ca pability may be established through a longer series of lab and field measurements. K9 Program . In FY1995, the Humanitarian Demining R& D Program demonstrated the effectiveness of using dogs for mine detection . The program evaluated two systems , free leash , which used a dog and handler in a mined area, and the Mechem Explosive and Drug Detection System (MEDDS), which collects air samples in suspected mined areas for dogs to smell at a remote location. The program also investigated what effects burned areas and explosive material scattered on the ground had on the dogs ' ability to alert buried mines. Both dog programs performed well. The demonstration also highlighted the importance of effective dog-handler training. Vehicle Mounted Detection System (VMDS). The VMDS concept is based on a commercial skid steer chassis modified to incorporate a remote control capability. The VMDS sensor package consists of a 2 meter wide Schiebel metal detection array, a Thermal-Neutron Analysis (TNA) sensor and infrared (IR) sensor. The 2 meter array detects metal objects in the vehicle's path , while the TNA indicates those targets that contain explosives. In testing, the 2 meter detection array performed extremely well. The TNA found most AT mines , but had difficulty identifying AP mines and proved very complicated to operate. Vehicle Mounted Mine Detector (VMMD). The VMMD is also a modified small utility vehicle. The VMMD sensor package consists of Ground Penetrating Radar, infrared , and ultraviolet cameras. The VMMD did well in detecting AT mines , but had difficulty identifying AP mines and proved very complicated to operate . Humanjtarian Demjnjng Developmental Technologjes 1998 Clearance Equipment Cost effective and efficient clearance techniques are needed to clear landmines in all types ofterrain. Manually/tele-operated/semi-autonomous mission platform(s) that provide standoff protection for demining equipment operators are key requirements in achieving this goal. This area was identified by users as requiring the greatest need for investment during FY1997. Three large area clearance prototypes, the Mine Clearing Cultivator, the Floating Mine Blade, and the RHINO Earth Tiller, have shown significant promise to date. Testing of these devices is ongoing. Two vehicle based, multipurpose , demining prototypes are also part of the FY1997 Program. The Enhanced Tele-Operated Ordnance Disposal System (ETODS) continues development of a promising remote controlled small area clearance device originally tested in FY1995. The Survivable Demining Tractor and Tools provides deminers a system that removes vegetation and loosens soil to prepare an area for safer detection and clearance operations. Humanitarian Oemining Developmental Technologies 1998 Mine Clearing Cultivator Objective Provide a capability to clear AT and large AP mines from soil in urban and rural areas. Description The Mine Clearing Cultivator (MCC) is a large tine array designed to uncover buried AT mines from the soil without destroying its ability to support agriculture. The tine array lifts mines to the surface without creating a berm or spoil. A hydraulically powered auger casts the mines to both sides of the vehicle for neutralization. The MCC is a kit for installation onto 150 kw (200 hp) class dozers. The kit contains a tine array, auger assembly, hydraulic power unit, linkage assembly and an ultrasonic depth control system for the tine array. The depth control system negates the requirement for a skilled operator. The current system is integrated onto a Caterpillar D?R dozer. Interfaces to other tractors can be developed as needed. U.S. Army CECOM Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate 10221 Burbeck Road , Suite 430 Fort Belvoir, VA 22060-5806 ATTN : Mike Collins Phone: (703 ) 704-1056 or Fax: (703 ) 704-3001 Email: mcoll ins@nvl.a rmy.mil Performance •The Mine Clearing Cultivator (MCC) clears mines with minimal environmental impact. In tests, the MCC cleared a width of 3.12 meters (124 in .) and to a depth of 0.2 meters (8 in). Clearance speed in the soil at Fort A. P. Hill, VA, was 1.2 km/h (0 .75 mph). The MCC demonstrated the capability to lift and cast aside AT and large AP mines in vegetated and denuded areas. In light soils, the MCC can reach mines as deep as 38 em (15 in). Limitations Close up view of the tines. Note: Auger at rear of • Small AP mines can pass through the auger. assembly. It is used to push mines to the side. • Heavy sod tends to build up in front ofthe depth control sensors and degrade performance. • Total system weight exceeds 31 metric tons. • Terrain limited. • A remote controlled D-7 Tractor with engine armor is required , thereby increasing the weight. Status To discuss the possibility of obtaining this item for field testing through the U.S . Government Humanitarian Demining Program, contact the DoD point of contact listed MCC has an automatic depth control system to on page 3 of this catalog. maintain optimum performance in varying terrain. Specifications Weight: MCC Assembly: 6,409 kg (14 ,131 lbs.)* Hydraulic Power Unit: 1'193 kg ( 2,630 lbs.)* D7R Tractor: 22 ,246 kg (49 ,000 lbs.) General: Clearance width: 3.66 meters (144 in) Clearance depth : 20-38 em (8-15 in) depending on vegetation Tine array: 23 tines spaced@ 14.3 em (5-5/8 in) Auger operation: 30 RPM Hydraulic power unit: 56 kw (75 hp) Adapted commercially available Ultrasonic Depth Control System *These components replace the 3,583 kg (7,900 lbs.) dozer blade for a net gain of 3,053 kg (6,731 lbs.) Humanitarian Demining Developmental Technologies 1998 Floating Mine Blade Objective Perform wide area mine clearance to remove AT (and some AP) mines from the soil. Description The Floating Mine Blade mounts on the front of a 150 kw (200 hp) class dozer, replacing the standard blade. The digging teeth on the Floating Mine Blade rake the land and peel up a mixture of soil and large objects (including mines). The soil mixture is fed to a transverse mounted set of meshing sifting teeth and vanes. The meshing/ sifting action of the teeth and vanes return soil and small objects to the lane being raked , while depositing mines and other large objects to the side of the dozer as it moves forward. The unique characteristic of the design is the free floating linkage which suspends the digging teeth in front of the dozer. In effect, the teeth are towed which causes them to float to a predefined , constant raking depth. This is a technological improvement over military plows and bulldozer blades, which require high operator skills and constant adjustments. Electronic Sensors Directorate 10221 Burbeck Road, Ste . 430 Fort Belvoir, VA 22060-5806 ATTN : Chris Wanner Phone: (703) 704-1076 or Fax: (703) 704-3001 Email: cwanner@nvl.army.mil Performance In tests, the Floating Mine Blade removed AT mines buried 20 em (8 in) and bounding AP mines buried 15 em (6 in). The mines were sifted from the soil and deposited to the right side of the vehicle for easy collection and disposal. The blade demonstrated the ability to rake a swath of 2.9 m (9 .5 ft) at a forward speed of 2.5 kph (1.5 mph). The mechanical automatic depth control demonstrated the ability to maintain a smooth , even raking depth over varying terrain with minimal operator involvement. The Floating Mine Blade is designed to have a low probability of detonation because the mines are raked from underneath. Limitations • Mines smaller than 10.2 em (4") in diameter may be redeposited in the soil. • AP mines have a high probability of detonating as they are sifted. • Heavy vegetation tends to clog the sifter and degrades performance. • Total system weight is 29 metric tons. Status To discuss the possibility of obtaining this item for field testing through the U.S. Government Humanitarian Demining Program, contact the DoD point of contact listed on page 3 of this catalog. Specifications WeiQht: Floatmg Blade : Hydraulic Power Unit: D7R Tractor: 5,900 kg 1,360 kg 22 ,226 kg ~ 13,000 lbs.)* 3,000 lbs .)* 49 ,000 lbs.) General: Clearance Width : 2.9 meters (9.5 ft) The blade automatically floats to the optimum depth for extracting mines. View ofthe back ofthe vehicle showing the auxiliary power unit. Clearance Depth : 20-38 em (8-15 in) depending on vegetation Hydraulic Power Unit Output: 100 hp Overall Dimensions: 4.1 x 6.1 meters (13.5 x 20ft) *These components replace the 3,583 kg (7, 900 lbs .) dozer blade for a net gain of 3,677 kg (8,1061bs .) Humanitarian Demining Developmental Technologies 1998 Objective Provide a capability to remotely clear light vegetation, excavate, and neutralize landmines. Description The Enhanced Tele-Operated Ordnance Disposal System {ETODS) is a commercial skid steer loader chassis integrated with modified commercial and specially designed equipment used to assist demining operations. The tela-operated platform provides safety to deminers in vegetation cutting, mine excavation, and neutralization because the operator is not in the danger zone in the event of a detonation. The ETODS can be configured with different attachments depending on the need. One attachment is a modified commercial boom-mounted grass cutter which is used to remotely cut grass, brush , and small trees in suspect areas. Once mines or suspicious buried targets are identified with physical marks or GPS coordinates, the operator navigates ETODS to the area and pinpoints the targets with an on-board commercial detector. Targets are then excavated with a modified commercial backhoe arm using an excavation bucket, a gripper attachment, or an air knife. A custom flail attachment is also available for direct mine neutralization and proofing. The vehicle has an integrated blast shield, solid tires and has successfully endured bounding AP mine and AT mine detonation with repairable damage. OAO Corporation Robotics Division 9639 Dr. Perry Road Suite 2098 Ijamsville, MD 21754 ATTN: Joseph Foley Phone: (301) 874-2205 or Fax : (301) 87 4-2199 Email: jfoley@oao.com Performance Operators were consistently able to excavate an AP mine in 5 minutes , and an AT m ine in 10 minutes using a combination of the commercial metal detector, bucket, and air-knife. Three vegetatio n clearing attachments were evaluated for clearing grass , brush and small trees : a rotary cutter, a flail cutter, and a set of circular saw blades. The ETODS can be configured with a commercial GPS with less than one meter accuracy. The flail is capable of neutralizing simple pressure-fuzed , tripwire-fuzed , and bounding mines. It has been tested against live mines of 0.11 , 0.25 , and 0.45 kg (1/ 4 , 112 and 1 lbs.) of TNT equivalent. The flail is self-articulating and follows the contours of uneven ground to ensure full coverage . Limitations • The air knife has limited utility in muddy conditions . • The detector on the ETODS is not intended for large areas , but is best suited for pinpointing targets for excavation. • The flail is designed to activate AP mines only and should not be used in a minefield containing AT mines. Status This item is currently under development. To discuss the possibility of obtaining this item for field testing through the U.S. Government Humanitarian Demining Program , contact the DoD point of contact listed on page 3 of this catalog. ETODS with backhoe excavator attachment. Previous page shows ETODS with full armor and flail attachment. ETODS with side vegetation cutting attachment. Specifications Characteristics: Control site consists of four containers: Three containers : 78 em x 71 em x 61 em@ 27, 34 , and 36 kg (31 in x 28 in x 24 in@ 60 , 75 , and 80 lbs .) Fourth container: 172 em x 66 em x 25 em @ 25kg (68 in x 26 in x 10 in@ 551bs .) Prime Mover: Weight: 2045 kg (4500 lbs .) without attachments Power Plant: 22.4 kw (30 hp) diesel Dimensions : Width : 152cm(60in) Length : 257 em (1 01 in) w ithout attachments Height: 185 em (73 in) without camera or antennas Speed : 10 kph (6.6 mph) maximum Boom Mower: Cutter Head Width : 102 em (40 in) Outward Reach Beyond Tires : 262 em (103 in) Shipping Weight: 3 18 kg (700 lbs.) Backhoe/Manipulator Arm : Reach-Below Grade : Reach-Horizontal : Shipping Weight: Lift Capacity (Bucket and Gripper) : AP Flail : Effective Width: Rotational Speed : Shipping Weight: Rotary Cutter: Effective Cutting Width : Cutting Height: Shipping Weight: 228 em (90 in) 267 em (105 in) 455 kg (1000 lbs.) 90 kg (200 lbs.) 178 em (70 in) 350 rpm 227 kg (500 lbs .) 142 em (56 in) 0-100 em (0-36 in 327 kg (720 lbs .) * Manufacturer's suggested price: $140,000 . -$280,000 . depending on attachments Humanitarian Demining Developmental Technologies 1998 RHINO Earth Tiller Objective Provide a capability to clear large areas of AP and AT mines. Description The RHINO Earth Tiller dem ining system is a remotely controlled vehicle equipped w ith a devise to crush both AP and AT mines as well as other debris , while surviving a maximum AT blast with minimal repair. The earth tiller consists of: (1) the RHINO vehicle equipped with a grader blade, (2) a demining unit with automatic depth control, (3) a dozer blade , (4) a remote control system , (5) a set of tools , (6) data collection and transmission subsystem, and (7) protective shields for the driver cabin and other sensitive components. The vehicle has a crawler chassis and is powered by a commercial Caterpillar diesel engine . The video monitored remote control unit allows operation from up to 1 ,000 meters from the vehicle. The earth tiller demining system is designed to explode land mines as the tiller drum 's tungsten carbide chisels strike them on the ground , or to crush them between the upper and lower tiller drums. MAK Systems Gesellschaft mbH Falckensteiner Stra~e 2 24159 Keil (Postfach 9333 , 24157 Keil) Germany ATTN : Horst Schon/ Manfred Johnk Phone : +49-431 -3995-440/443 Fax: +49-431-3995-430 Ema il: rdeise@pc.maksystemgmbh .de Performance A successful prototype demonstration of the RHINO Earth Tiller System took place in December 1997. The system has been tested against mine surrogates representing PMN, PSM1 , OSM3 , POMZ and DM21 mines. The mines were buried from 0 em to 50 em in depth , and in areas of sandy soil mixed with stones , grassy areas, and locations with small trees. No damage to the tiller unit occurred from mine surrogates and stones in the soil. The system was tested against live AP and AT mines such as the DM11, DM21 and TM62P. No damage occurred from the DM11 During the demonstration with buried mine surrogates, AP mine blast. Minor damage occurred from both the the tiller exhibits its capability ofcrushing stones and DM21 and TM62P AT mine blasts . The earth tiller 's ability bringing buried mines to the surface. to bring buried mines to the surface makes it very effective at reducing suspected minefields. There are two additional modules available: a forest unit for removal of vegetation and wood; and a mixer unit for burying and mixing plants , bushes, brush, lime or fertilizers into the soil. These units feature quick-connecUdisconnect installation. Limitations • May not be effective against very small AP mines such as the PFM-1 (Butterfly) mine. • Total system weight is 56 metric tons . After the explosion of Stet AT mine, DM21 , minor damage to the demining unit occurred as shown here. Status Operational field evaluation testing of the RHINO will commence in May 1999 . To discuss the possibility of obtaining this item for field testing through the U.S . Government Humanitarian Demining Program, contact the DoD point of contact listed on page 3 of this catalog . Specifications General: Size: 410 em (width) x 101 .10 em (length) x 315 em (height) Total Weight: 56 metric tons (40 tons for basic vehicle and 16 tons for dem ining unit) Maximum Clearing Depth : 50 em Working Speed: 0-1.3 km/h Working Width : 340cm Speed ofTiller Drum : 30-120 rpm Hill Climbing ability: max . 24° Vehicle Maximum Speed : 4 .0 km/h Fuel Consumption: 60-100 1/h * Manufacturer's suggested price: $1 ,795 ,000 . Humanitarian Demining Developmental Technologies 1998 Objective Provide deminers with an armored survivable platform to support numerous attachments to mechanically clear vegetation and prepare the ground for manual demining. Description The Survivable Demining Tractor and Tools (SDTT) provides deminers with a "tool box" of specialized attachments on an armored commercial farm tractor. The system offers deminers flexibility in choosing the specialized implements that best suit their mode of operation. Attachments include heavy vegetation cutters, flail mower, light and heavy cultivator, front loader with rake, stone picker, magnet roller and tree extractor. The SDTT mechanically assists the manual demining process by providing deminers numerous tools and an armored platform from which to perform the most hazardous tasks. The system can be fitted with specially designed mine survivable steel wheels when performing proofing operations or while establishing cleared areas from which to operate. Wincomblee Road Walker Newcastle Upon Tyne England, NE6 3QS ATTN : Peter Renwick Phone: +0191 2349991 or Fax : +0191 2620402 Email: pearson@pearson-eng.com Performance The SDTT is designed to survive direct effects from all AP mines without damage to the system or operator and has been tested against the effects of 6.35 kg of TNT directly under a rear steel wheel. The damage to the machine was repairable and injury assessments based on instrumented mannequins were minimal. The SDTT's vegetation removal components consist of a tree excavator capable of pulling trees 20 em (8 in) , a brush slasher that cuts vegetation up to 10 em (4 in), a flail mower mounted on an articulated arm , and a rake designed to remove the cut vegetation. The system also has a fixed magnet to reduce metallic contamination on the surface, a segmented roller to detonate surface AP mines , and a cultivator for loosening soil down to 20 em (8 in) and then lifting it so that visual quality assurance can be performed . Limitations • Not intended to be used for AT mines . • Steel wheels limit mobility but increase survivability. Status Two prototypes will be delivered to NVESD for complete performance testing in August 1998. To obtain results of the testing, or to discuss the possibility of obtaining this item for field testing through the U .S . Government Humanitarian Demining Program, contact the DoD point of contact listed on page 3 of this catalog. Specifications Descriptive Characteristics: SOTTwith tree extractor. SOTT with heavy vegetation cutter. Size: Based on commercial FIAT 160-90 Turbo farm tractor (Ford 8630DT) Weight: 9500 kg (21000 lbs.) Tractor only Engine: 1118 kw (160 hp)@ 2200 rpm Power Take Off: 150 kw (140 hp)@ 2200 rpm Humanitarian Demining Developmental Technologies 1998 Mini-Flail Objective Provide a capability to remotely detonate AP landmines and proof areas that have been cleared. Description The Mini-Flail is a remotely controlled utility vehicle that clears AP mines from unimproved lines of communication and off-road areas that are not accessible to large area mine clearers. The Mini-Flail system uses chains attached to a spinning rotor to beat the ground. The ground pressure developed is sufficient to detonate most AP mines. The Mini-Flail is effective against bounding, tripwire-fuzed , and simple pressure activated AP mines. The Mini-Flails were built by the U.S. Navy in Indian Head , MD. Performance The Mini-Flails have been tested extensively in Kuwait, Bosnia, and Jordan. The system demonstrated effectiveness against tripwire-fuzed mines (VAL-69, POMZ) and against large pressure plate mines (PMD-6, PMN). Additionally, the Mini-Flail has performed well as a quality assurance/proofing tool and for perimeter reduction. limitations • Not effective against blast hardened mines such as the PMN-2, VS-50, TS-50. • Limited effectiveness against mines with small pressure plates such as the Belgium M-35. • Requires line of sight operation. • Can fling mines from the ground and scatter them into previously cleared areas. • Of limited use in very rocky or highly vegetated terrain. • The Min i-Flail is underpowered , and exhibits difficulty in flailing in soft soil. Design changes to overcome these limitations are currently being addressed . Status Available now. To discuss the possibility of obtaining this item for field testing through the U.S . Government Humanitarian Demining Program, contact the DoD point of contact listed on page 3 of this catalog. Specifications Dimensional Data Input: Length : 3,05 meters (120 in) Width : 1,3 meters (50 in) Weight: 909 kg (2,000 lbs .) Transmitter information: Unit 5 transmitter Unit 5 receiver Model : RCT918-8 M-191154 Serial : 9615-57 9615-58 Frequency: 72.640 MHz 72.640MHz General: Vehicle chassis : Modified John Deere 375 Skid Steer Loader Mine clearance operation in Bosnia . The flail head floats during operation and is self articulation so that it provides full coverage over uneven terrain. Unit 4 transm itter Unit 4 rece iver RCT918-8 M-191154 9548-03 9548-04 72 .720 MHz 72.720MHz Fuel: 19 L (5 gallon ) diesel tank/operate about 40 hours Humanitarian Demining Developmental Technologies 1998 LEXFOAM® Objective Provide for in-situ explosive neutralization of surface and buried AP and AT mines, using a nonexplosive material that is safe to transport and store and can be mixed on site to form a Class 1 explosive. Description Liquid Explosive Foam (LEXFOAM®) offers a hig hly efficient and versatile alternative to conventional high explosive blocks for the demolition of landmines and some unexploded ordnance. Mines are neutralized by spraying the LEXFOAM® on the mine and then detonating it from a distance with a standard blasting cap or a detonating cord. LEXFOAM® is composed of nitromethane stock solution which is mixed with liquid propane under a blanket of pressurized nitrogen. When this mixture is exposed to the atmosphere, the liquid propane expands to a gas producing a foam with the physical consistency of shaving cream. Prior to foaming , all components are classified as either inert (nitrogen) or as a Class 3 flammable liquid (LEXFOAM® stock solution and liquid propane). Only after foaming is a highly effective explosive produced. Another advantage of LEXFOAM® is that it makes intimate contact with uneven and rounded surfaces of mines where the use of explosive blocks might not initiate sympathetic detonation. The LEXFOAM® system was originally developed as a vehicle and a backpack delivery system. A new effort has been initiated to create a hand portable aerosol can delivery system that is a substantial improvement in weight and cost over the backpack version. The aerosol system consists of one can containing the LEXFOAM® stock solution and a second smaller capsule containing liquid propane. In the field, the liquid propane is injected into the LEXFOAM® stock solution container. The aerosol delivery system will be tested in December 1998. Golden West Products International 15233 Ventura Boulevard, Penthouse 8 Sherman Oaks, CA 91403 ATTN : Joseph L. Trocino Phone: (818) 981-6400 or Fax: (818) 501-6181 Performance The LEXFOAM® backpack system has been 100 percent effective on destroying fragmentation and bounding mines such as POMZ, MON-50, PROM-1 , and OZM series, blast AP and AT mines such as PMN , PMD-6 , and TM-62M, and blast resistant mines such as VS-50s, TS-50s, and VS-1 .6. Some UXO demolition tests were also successfully conducted in Bosnia, Cambodia, Kuwait and Laos. LEXFOAM® was also able to neutralize mines buried one inch below the surface with a two inch coating over the surface of the ground. One full tank of the backpack system can be used to neutralize between 20 and 40 mines, depending on the conditions. The aerosol can is expected to neutralize up to five mines. Limitations • A larger quantity of LEXFOAM® is needed for blast resistant mines than simple pressure fuzed mines. • Large quantities of water are needed for cleaning the backpack system at the end of day. • Requires shipment and storage as a flammable liquid. Status LEXFOAM® is available immediately. To discuss the possibility of obtaining this item for field testing through the U.S. Government Humanitarian Demining Program, contact the DoD point of contact listed on page 3 of this catalog. Specifications LEXFOAM® sprayed on the side ofa POMZ stake mine. Note: Detonator inserted into foam for command detonation. Future one-pound hand held aerosol container with LEXFOAM® stock solution on left and small capsule with liquid propane on right. Inset shows mixing process to create the foam explosive. Backpack System: Future aerosol can system: Components: backpack tank, frame , harness , Components: one can of LEXFOAM® stock propane tank, LEXFOAM® delivery hose spray gun assembly, & refill station Size: Size: 1 meter medium pressure tank Weight (full tank): 36 kg (791bs.) Weight: (empty tank): 22 kg (481bs.) Cost: solution, one can of liquid propane approximately 30 em and 15 em aerosol cans approximately 1 kg (2.21bs .) $20.00 per kit capable of neutralizing several AP mines *Manufacturer's suggested cost: LEXFOAM® stock solution : $9 .75 per pound/small Backpack dispensing unit cost: $7,000. $6.75 per pound/large Backpack filling station cost: $4,000. Humanitarian Demining Developmental Technologies 1998 Completed Clearance Projects In order to assist demining organizations and other R&D programs, this section contains descriptions of completed clearance projects and a brief description of the outcome from testing. The information should help other organizations that are considering following the same or similar approaches. Additional results are documented in the FY1995 test report, Countermine Technologies for Humanitarian Demining, Test Results Report, December 19, 1995, available from the Defense Technical Information Center (OTIC A310061). Explosive Demining Device (EDD). This system was developed during FY1995 and consisted of a self-contained shape charge device. The EDD design facilitated easy and safe destruction of mines in-situ. The device detonated all target mines in tests, however it is more expensive than currently available demolition materials and commercially available shape charges. Multi-Tined Light Roller. During FY1995, 1996 and 1997, the government fabricated and tested a small roller specifically designed for clearance of AP mines. The roller, small enough to be moved by a light vehicle or an animal, featured spring-loaded tines to provide enough pressure to detonate mines. This system achieved up to 40 percent clearance rate in testing, and was terminated. Berm Processing Assembly (BPA). The BPA was developed during FY1995-1996 . The system sifts mines from earthen berms created by mine clearing equipment during large area clearance operations. The FY1995 test results identified the need for more power to effectively reduce berms. The BPA was redesigned in FY1996. A prototype is undergoing operational evaluation in Namibia. Commercial Shape Charges. In FY1995, small, inexpensive, commercially available shape charges were evaluated as a mine neutralization alternative. The shape charges detonated all AT and AP mines during testing with significantly less explosive than standard demolition charges . The shape charges are available from commercial sources , including Western Atlas International. Seismic Countermine Vehicle. This FY1997 project explored the use of oil well exploration equipment to aid in the detection and neutralization of landmines. The system was intended to induce horizontal shear waves into the ground, causing the rupture of the hard packed surface of mined areas. It was intended to loosen the soil, and potentially expose mines to infrared and other optical detection sensors. This technique proved ineffective in field tests and the project was terminated. Humanitarian Demining Developmental Technologies 1998 Training and Mine Awareness Mine awareness and training are key factors that have a direct influence on the lives of people in mine afflicted countries. The Humanitarian Demining R&D Program is committed to continue working on technologies that improve mine awareness and the quality of deminer training. The Demining Support System, originally evaluated in FY1995, has become a valued and much demanded tool. In FY1997, investments in this product have further improved its efficiency and adaptability for the user. The use of comic books to help teach mine awareness to children showed promise in Bosnia. This effort continued in FY1998 with a Spanish language comic book distributed throughout Central America. Humanjtarian Demjnjng Developmental Technologjes 1998 Mine Awareness Comic Books Objective Provide mine awareness materials to teach people, especially children, about the danger of landmines. Description Mine awareness comic books are a public-private humanitarian initiative to assist people, especially children, of mine infested countries. The comic book format teaches children how to avoid landmines that threaten the ir daily safety. It includes games and puzzles designed to increase the transfer of knowledge about warning signs, mine locations, and safe behavior. D.C. Comics , a unit of Time Warner, in collaboration with the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Special Operations/Low Intensity Conflict (OASD, SO/LIC) , made this education project possible. The first mine awareness comic book featured Superman . D.C. Comics produced 250,000 of these comics for Bosnia in 1996. In 1998, D.C. Comics produced a Spanish edition , featuring Superman and Wonder Woman , for distribution in Central America. U.S. Army CECOM NVESD 10221 Burbeck Rd. Ste 430 Fort Belvoir, VA 22060-5806 ATTN : AMSEL-RD-NV-CM -ES Phone: (703) 704-2501 or Fax: (703) 704-3001 Email : imartin@nvl.army.mil Interactive games have been designed to inform children about the dangers oflandmines. Human;tarian Demining Developmental Technologies 1998 Demining Support System (DSS) Objective Provide computer-aided training and landmine information to assist deminers with the execution of humanitarian demining operations. Description The Demining Support System (DSS) is a combination of commercially available computer hardware and software , integrated to sustain the multilingual training of demining units. The system provides medical and demining lessons , mission planning documents, and mine awareness materials. The system also includes a minefield mapping/management module and a landmine database module for landmine identification and assessment. The DSS is modular and ruggedized to facilitate transportation to field locations. MineFacts, included with the DSS , provides the capability of accessing landmine information by country of origin , country of use , type of mine , case material, shape and other physical characteristics. The desired information can be printed in different standard formats . MineFacts was developed j ointly by the National Ground Intelligence Center, the Naval Office of Special Technology, and the NVESD 's Humanitarian Demining Program. 2900 Eisenhower Avenue Suite 400 Alexandria , VA 22314 ATTN : Martin Every Phone: (703) 960-7000 or Fax : (703) 960-2754 Ema il: mevery@starmountain.com Performance The DSS has been tested thoroughly and is considered to be as reliable as its commercial components. The system has received excellent reviews based on its ability to speed up training and adequacy of training materials. DSS units are currently fielded in Bosnia, Honduras, Jordan, Laos, Mozambique , Guatemala , and Rwanda. The MineFacts database has been deployed to all theater Commanders-in-Chief, and it is a key component of mine awareness training provided through mine action centers . Limitations • The system requires a routine resupply of expendable materials. • Most value derived in a classroom environment. • Limited class size . • Requires established infrastructure for sustainability. • Limited language capabilities . Status Available for purchase direct from the contractor. To obtain this item for field testing through the U.S. Government Humanitarian Demining Program , contact the DoD point of contact listed on page 3 of this catalog. Specifications Demining Support System: Size & Weight: Height Case A: 46 em X Case B: 58 em X Case C: 51 em X CaseD: 46 em X Case E: 43 em X Hardware Components: Width Depth Weight 64 em X 76 em 55 kg (120 lbs .) 61 em X 76 em 112 kg (2471bs.) 64 em X 76 em 95 kg (2081bs.) 135 em X 58 em 88kg (1931bs.) 85 em X 61 em 57kg (1251bs.) M 1 N E FA cTs• "' DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE UNITED STATES Of AMERICA Minefacts, included with the Demining Support System. Provides information about ATandAP mines. ~""'"~ c~ ~ I ,(!1 . ~ Six (6) key modules serve as the basis ofthe DSS: demining training, medical training, mission planning, mine awareness, landmine database, and minefield mapping. Medical videos show techniques for stopping bleeding and dressing wounds caused by land mine blasts. MineFacts: Minimum System Requirements: PC with 386 or higher microprocessor (486 recommended) 4 MB RAM (8 MB recommended) CD-ROM drive Windows 3.1 or higher VGA display with 256 colors Computer, touch screen monitor, flat screen monitor, color printer, color scanner, digital camera , heat press , poster printer, power * Manufacturer's suggested price (DSS): conditioner, speakers , uniterru ptable power system . $69,000. Software Components: Windows 95 , Office 97 , Demini ng Training Module , Medical Training Module , Mission Planning Guide , Mine Awareness Module , MineFacts landmine database , Orbis mine field management. Humanitarian Demining Developmental Technologies 1998 ORDATA Objective Provide international deminers with a database to assist in the identification , recovery and disposal of unexploded ordnance encountered during humanitarian demining operations. Description ORDATA 1.0 is an unexploded ordnance (UXO) database on CD-ROM for use by government and nongovernment personnel engaged in locating and clearing of UXO throughout the world . It was developed by the Naval Explosive Ordnance Disposal Technology Division in conjunction wi th Research Planning, Incorporated and OC , Incorporated. OASD (SO/LIC) Requirements, Technology Acquisition 2500 Defense Pentagon Washington , DC, USA 20301-2500 Phone: (703) 693-5222 or Fax : (703) 693-3039 Email : solicacq@osd.pentagon.mil Performance The database consists of 2 ,030 munitions covering the following categories: bombs , clusters and dispensers , projectiles, grenades, rocket s , gu ided missiles, landmines, pyrotechnics and flares , miscellaneous explosive devices (demolition & firing devices), and scatterable (i.e ., dispensed) munitions . Information for each UXO consists of: nomenclature , identification/ description , explosive type and weight, blast/fragment safe distance information, hazards, transportation information/guidance , disposal information/guidance , and up to five (5) graphic images. The system has various user-friendly capabilities. Visual identification ranges from general to specific by shape. Additional searches can be made by country, munition category, d imensions , and nomenclature. Other features include: hyperlink keys , zoom and pan on images, scroll text, and print screen . Limitations • The current database does not contain information on fuzes. • Requires availability of a computer and some knowledge of computer use. Status Limited availability. An updated version is currently under development. To obtain a copy of this database, contact the DoD point of contact listed on page 3 of this catalog . Specifications General: PC with 486 or higher CPU 8MB RAM CD-ROM Drive MS-Windows 3.1 or higher 640x480 SVGA with 256 colors Pointing device (mouse , track ball , etc.) required Provides the user with specific information, drawings, and photos of unexploded ordnance. Ability to focus search criteria to find information about specific unexploded ordnance . Humanitarian Demining Developmental Technologies 1998 Individual Tools Although technology development promises to vastly increase the safety and efficiency of demining operations, the only known method to achieve the United Nations standard of 99.6 percent clearance is manual demining. Small low cost equipment aids are needed to assist individuals engaged in manual demining operations. Based on test results from FY1995 and 1996, improvements have been made to the Rigid Marking Foam , Blast and Fragment Containers, Air Spade , and Mine Marking System. New FY1997 efforts include the Universal Power Manager that will be a valuable tool in reducing the logistics burden associated with batteries for hand held equipment. The FY1997 program has also invested in improved protective helmets and visors for deminers . Investment in personal protection equipment for deminers will be a major thrust in the future of the program. Improvements to the manual demining process continue to be an important part of the Humanitarian Demining R&D Program . Humanitarian Demining Developmental Technologies 1998 Rigid Marking Foam Objective Provide a capability to mark and remotely extract AP mines. Description The Rigid Marking Foam provides deminers with a simple hand held system for marking, extracting , and , in some cases , neutralizing AP mines. The polyurethane foam mixture is dispensed around the perimeter of a mine. It then rises and cures to form a brightly colored environmentally safe solid that encapsulates the mine. Once covered , the fuze of the mine may be effectively neutralized to prevent accidental activation. The adhesive nature of the rigid foam provides a capability to fix a rope to a mine through the foam so that it can be extracted from a safe distance. lnsta-Foam Products Division 2050 North Broadway Joliet, Illinois USA 60435-3187 ATTN : Dale Slaboszewski Phone: (800) 800-3626 ext. 1510 or Fax : (815) 774-6822 Email : mines@flexpro.com Performance In tests, the Rigid Marking Foam neutralized selected pressure fuzed AP mines against a 100 kg (220 lbs) weight applied to the foam after 45 minutes. Mines tested against were PMD-6, PMN , TS-50, VS-50 , and Mk-2. The bright red color is excellent for visual marking of mines. Placing a rope close enough to the mine , so application of the liquid foam encases both , provides a ready means of extracting the mine from a safe distance. Mines embedded in the Operator spraying the foam around the hardened foam cannot be reused after extraction. Foam perimeter ofthe mine. encased mines can be destroyed using normal explosive disposal procedures. The hardened foam consists of environmentally safe end products . Limitations • Not for use on AT mines . • Not yet fully tested against tripwire-fuzed mines. • Not for use underwater. • Kits are classified as hazardous material (HAZMAT), compressed gases, N.O.S., Class 2 .2 , UN1956 , and aerosol, nonflammable, N.O.S., Class 2.2, UN1950. Status Available immediately from the contractor. To discuss the possibility of obtaining this item for field testing through the U.S. Government Humanitarian Demining Program, contact the DoD point of contact listed on page 3 of this catalog. Specifications General : Small Kit: Rigid Marking Foam* Usage: 1 mine Weight: 1.5 kg (3.25 lbs .) Dispense time : 2 minutes Size: 32x20x10cm(13 x8x4in) Rise time: 7 minutes Kit contents : A and B part aerosol cans , rubber gloves, one 0.5m Safe time: 30-45 minutes rope segment, two nozzles, can connector, and 0.6m Time until fully hardened : 60 minutes (2 ft) hose Large Kit: Storage temperature: Usage: 20-24 mines • Data listed was measured during testing Weight: 18.2 kg (40 lbs .) conducted from 5°C to 35°C (40°F to 95°F) Size: 41 x 41 x 20 em (16 x 16 x 8 in) in 30-100% humidity. Kit contents : A and B part aerosol cans, rubber gloves, twenty 0.5m rope segments , twenty nozzles, and 2.3 hose (7 .5 ft) hose *Manufacturer's sug ested price: Small Kit: $20 . Large Kit: $230. Humanitarian Demining Developmental Technologies 1998 Objective Provide a capability to determine battery status and reduce the logistical burden of battery resupply. Description The battery-powered metal detector is the primary tool in humanitarian demining operations. The short life of the D-cell batteries used by these detectors require massive quantities for demining operations, which imposes a high logistical and cost burden. The weight and disposal problems associated with thousands of these batteries create a need for alternate power sources. The Universal Power Manager (UPM) provides dem iners with a rugged rechargeable battery and power supply system capable of operating in harsh environments with limited logistical support. The UPM has the capability of converting input voltages from a variety of sources including standard and poorly regulated AC , DC, and solar panels. The output power can be used to recharge a wide variety of rechargeable batteries to replace nonrechargeable batteries for metal detectors and to supply power fo r small devices such as radios . The UPM is also a "smart charger" capable of estimating the remaining shelf life of existing battery stocks. The suggested price of the UPM includes cables and rechargeable batteries capable of replacing 600 sets of D cel l alkaline batteries. 16701 West Bernardo Drive San Diego , Cal iforn ia USA 92127 ATTN : Eric Ackermann Phone: (800 ) 962 -1632 or Fax : (619) 646-9718 Email : radeco@sa ic .com Performance The UPM can automatically handle unregulated inputs of 3 to 30 VDC , including solar cells and 100-240 VAC@ 5060Hz. It has reverse polarity and over-current protection. The UPM can recharge a set of4 D cell drop in replacement batteries 600 times , replacing approximately 300 sets of 4 alkaline batteries for use in the AN-19/PSS-12 metal detector. The UPM is also capable of providing battery status information on a wide variety of commercial rechargeable and nonrechargeable batteries, as well as advanced features for test and measurement. Additionally, the UPM can power small devices such as radios , cell phones or walkie talkies from a variety of input sources in emergency situations. UPM with cables and accessories for various power inputs, "0 " cell recharging connectors, and diagnostic Limitations capabilities. • Does not recharge alkaline or other non rechargeable batteries. • 20 watt maximum output. Status For direct purchase contact the contractor. To discuss the possibility of obtaining this item for field testing through the U.S. Government Humanitarian Demining Program , contact the DoD point of contact listed on page 3 of this catalog. UPM shown packed in travel case. Specifications General: Size of UPM (not including cables and case ): 17cm x 12cm x 6cm (?in x Sin x 2.2 in) Size of unit in case: 48cm x 33cm x 18cm (19in x 13in x 7 in) Weight of UPM (not including cables or case) : 1 kg (2.2 lbs.) Total system weight: 10 kg (22 lbs.) Output capability: Constant voltage: 3 to 30 VDC @ 2A DC or 20 W maximum Constant current: 0.01 to 2.0 A DC@ 30 V or 20 W maximum Current sink (load) : 0.01 to 2.0 A DC @ 30 V or 20 W maximum Input capability: Voltage: DC 3 to 30 V, solar cells , AC 1 00-240 V @ 50-60 Hz *Manufacturer's suggested price: Approx . $1 ,000 . Humanitarian Demining Developmental Technologies 1998 Air Spade Objective Provide a safe standoff capability to rapidly excavate AP and AT mines. Description The Air Spade is an integrated assembly of a commercial air compressor, a gasoline or diesel powered engine, and a specially designed air nozzle that creates a focused jet of air at supersonic velocity. It is designed for the safe and rapid excavation of landmines and other battlefield debris, and is primarily used during demining operations. During the digging process, the Air Spade provides the capability to breakup and remove hard packed soil and clay from buried mines faster than current digging methods. The pressure exerted on solids and nonporous objects is too low to activate mines. The civilian cart mounted Air Spade utilizes a single cylinder, air-cooled Briggs and Stratton gasoline engine, a single stage reciprocating air compressor, and a specially designed air nozzle at the end of shaft attached to a 50-foot long hose . This hardware is integrated onto a commercially available man portable two-wheeled cart. The nozzle creates a focused Mach 1.5 supersonic air stream that safely and rapidly removes the surrounding soil from buried land mines. Concept Engineering Group 610 William Pitt Way Pittsburgh , PA 15238-1332 ATTN : Richard Nathenson Phone: (412) 826-8800 or Fax: (412) 826-8601 Email: ceg@air-spade.com Performance Preliminary operational test and demonstration suggest that the Air Spade excavates mines faster and easier than current digging methods. These results have led to additional testing in Cambodia and Afghanistan. The Air Spade is simple to operate, easily transported into the field and can be maneuvered by one operator. It increases the operator's efficiency and safety when excavating mines or mine-like targets. The device is quiet to operate (<90 dB), and has low fuel consumption. Limitations • The Air Spade is not for usage in heavily vegetated areas because the root structure interferes with the focused air jet. • The system may prove difficult to handle in severe terrains and environments. • The system is not suitable for usage in areas suspected of containing motion sensitive fuzing mines. Status The Air Spade is available immediately. To discuss the possibility of obtaining this item for field testing through the U.S. Government Humanitarian Demining Program, contact the DoD point of contact listed on page 3 of this catalog. Specifications Civilian Air Spade Unit: Engine : 6.7 kw (9 hp) , 4-cylinder, OHV, air-cooled , gasoline Air Compressor: Single stage , 4 cylinder cast iron construction air receiver tank with ASME safety relief valve Undercarriage: Unit: Steel base plate with tow bar Size: 91cm (36in) L x 76 .2cm (30in) W x 71cm (28in) H Weight: 136 kg (300 lbs.) Controls: Manual shut off valve; air pressure gauge ~,~~..~.~~ the Air Spade reduces operator and back strain, and the air tool provides a safer standoff for deminers . The specially designed air nozzle creates a focused jet ofair at Mach 1.5 speed for easy mine excavation. · "'"'~ The Air Spade is especially useful against deep buried mines in dry hard packed soil. Handtool: Compressed air: Emits laser like jet of air at Mach 1.5 speed Weight: 0.7 kg (1 .51bs.) Trigger: Handle: Hose: Dead man trigger with triggInsulated 7 .6m (25ft) flexible air hosquick disconnect er guard e with *Manufacturer's suggested price: $9,500. Humanitarian Oemining Developmental Technologies 1998 Blast Fragment Containers Objective Provide a means to protect high value assets and contain the fragmentation associated with the in-situ neutralization of AP mines. Description The Blast and Fragment Containers have been designed to contain the metal fragments associated with destroying mines in-situ and to vent the forces of the mine blast upward and away from any high value assets that may be located nearby. Operators place the containers over the AP mine and the explosive charge used for neutralization, and follow standard demolition procedures. The containers are constructed of dry rolled S-2 glass and of 100 percent vinyl ester resin. They are 50.8 em (20 in) high , 61 em (24 in) in diameter and weigh approximately 27 kg (60 lbs). Additional protection may be added by sliding a thin outer layer tube over the original container (a loose fit over the existing container) as an additional outer protective layer. These outer liner tubes are 50.8 em (20 in) high, 66 em (26 in) in diameter, and weigh approximately 11.8 kg (26 lbs). These containers are constructed of unidirectional Twarwon (Aramid) and 100 percent epoxy resin. International Engineering Technologies (IE 596 Central Drive, Suite 105 Virginia Beach , VA 23454 ATIN: Joseph Marlow Phone: (757) 486-5251 or Fax: (757) 486-8456 Email: iet@vabch.com Performance In test, the containers survived the blast and effects from fragmentation mines and 0.46 kg (1 lbs.) of C-4 explosive. Containers with additional outer shells can be used up to five times against fragmentation mines , and up to ten times against smaller AP mines , depending on the demolition charge. The containers are easily transported into the field and maneuvered by one individual. Limitations • Only useful against AP mines . • Has not been tested against UXO. • Heavy vegetation may interfere with the placement of the container. Status Available directly from the contractor. To discuss the possibility of obtaining this item for field testing through the U.S. Government Humanitarian Demining Program , contact the DoD point of contact listed on page 3 of this catalog. Specifications Blast and Fragment Containers: Height: 50.8 em (20 in) Diameter: 61 em (24 in) Weight: 27 kg (60 lbs.) Materials: S-2 Glass (45 degree knit ) and 100% vinyl ester resin Construction: Dry rolled S-2 glass hand laid on a static mold witti resin hand pressed to uniform distribution The container provides protection to high value assets and contains fragmentation associated with insitu neutralization . A thin outer layer pro es additional protection for severe situations. Outer Liner Protection: Height: 50.8 em (20 in) Diameter: 66 em (25 in) Weight: 11.8 kg (261bs.) Materials: Unidirectional Twarwon (Aramid) and 100% epoxy resin Construction: Unidirectional Twarwon hand laid on a static mold with resin hand pressed to uniform distribution *Manufacturer's suggested price: $750 . -$1 ,000 . Humanitarian Demining Developmental Technologies 1998 Enhancements to Protective Visors and Helmets Objective Provide deminers with adequate head and throat protection against the effects of AP blast mines. Description Many demining organizations already utilize 5mm polycarbonate visors to protect deminers against mines. The enhancements to protective visors and helmets are an extension of these commercially available visors. These enhancements include added modularity, anti-fogging , anti-scratching and improved comfort. The modular design will allow the deminer to wear the visor with helmet or soft sun hat. The application of anti-scratch films is also being studied, to provide a more durable surface. In addition, thorough testing will be conducted to study the capability and protection levels of the visor against blast and fragment mines. Dept. of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Nedlands 6907 , W. Australia. ATTN : Prof. James P. Trevelyan Phone: +61 8 9380 3057 or Fax : +61 8 9380 1024 Email: jamest@mech.uwa.edu .au Web: http://www.mech.uwa .edu .au/jpt/demining Performance The Humanitarian Demining Program has not conducted testing on commercially available 5mm polycarbonate visors, however these visors have been successfully tested by independent sources against a wide range of AP blast mines (The Journal of Humanitarian Demining, Issue 1.2 , Winter 98.). In addition , 5mm polycarbonate has an approximate V50 of 285 m/s that may suggest some protection against smaller fragmentation mines. Plans are being drafted to formally evaluate and determine the protection levels of 5mm polycarbonate based visors. Limitations • Limited protection against fragment mines. • Possible fogging . Visor with hard hat. Status To discuss the possibility of obtaining this item for field testing through the U.S. Government Humanitarian Demining Program, contact the DoD point of contact listed on page 3 of this catalog. Visor with soft sunhat. Specifications Visor Measurements: Visor material: 30cm high heat formed polycarbonate Visor thickness: 5mm Interface: Will fit a commercial plastic "hard hat" with head-frame or with just the head-frame that can incorporate a sun cover/hat. Weight: Visor: 740 gr. Helmet: 330 gr. TOTAL: 1.07 kg . *Expected manufacturing cost: $53.00 Humanitarian Demining Developmental Technologies 1998 AN-19/PSS-12 Mine Marking System Enhancements Objective Provide a mine marking system integrated with the standard AN-19/PSS-12 hand held mine detector. Description The Mine Marking System is an add-on for the AN-19/PSS-12 hand held mine detector that gives the operator the ability to ma rk suspected targets without having to put the detector down or look away from the area of interest. The low cost system enhances safety and efficiency because the operator does not lose sight of a target while reaching for other marking equipment. It comes as a kit that is installed directly on the detector. The kit consists of: a handle fixture with an integrated trigger, a 340 g (12 oz) can of refrigerant 134a, brightly colored orange chalk, a marking fixture that snaps on the detector search head, and a co iled air supply line. When a target is indicated by the detector, the operator presses the air supply trigger which results in a circular orange chalk mark on the ground under the center of the search head. The system does not affect detection sensitivity and does not require permanent modifications to the detector Fort Belvoir Office Bldg. 305, Rm. 331 Fort Belvoir Virginia, USA 22060-5806 ATTN : Greg Williams/Richard Graves Phone: (703) 704-1354/1620 or Fax : (703) 704-1351 Email : ebuice@nvl.army.mil Performance During testing , the Mine Marker left a distinctly shaped, brightly colored orange mark on the ground. The system is lightweight and adds only 0.5 kg (1 lb) to the detector search head . Total system weight is less than 41bs (2kg). The orange marker consists of environmentally safe products. The prototype mine marking system did not affect detection performance of the host detector during the test. The Mine Marker has recently undergone operational field evaluation in Laos and there is a planned operational evaluation for Honduras and Guatemala that will occur in Distinctive brightly colored marks. fourth quarter of 1998. Limitations • Added weight may contribute to operator fatigue. • Marking mixture has limited life since it will wash away in the rain . • Air source has to be shipped as HAZMAT (compressed gas). Status Prototype design for the AN/PSS-12 is available. Concept of developing a prototype to interface with other hand held detectors is under consideration . To discuss the possibility Mine marking fits in existing storage bag. of obtaining this item for field testing through the U.S . Government Humanitarian Demining Program, contact the DoD point of contact listed on page 3 of this catalog . Specifications General: Weight: 2 kg (4 lbs .) Kit Contents: Handle w/trigger, center ring adapter, chalk holder, coiled line , air supply adapter and hose. Humanitarian Demining Developmental Technologies 1998 Completed Individual Tool Projects In order to assist demining organizations and other R&D programs , this section contains descriptions of completed individual tool projects and a brief description of the outcome from testing . The information shou ld help other organizations that are considering following the same or similar approaches . Additional results are documented in the FY1995 test report , Countermine Technologies for Humanitarian Demining , Test Results Report , December 19, 1995, available from the Defense Technical Information Center (OTIC A31 0061 ). Command Communications Video and Light System (CCVLS). The CCVLS is a rapid ly deployable , self-contained , audio/visual communication system that enables a deminer to communicate with an operator or trainer located at a command post. The operator or trainer can monitor what the deminer is doing and communicate via a two-way audio voice transmission. The system wo rked well in tests , demonstrating high potential as a demining support , monitoring , and training system . Extended Length Weedeater (EL W). The ELW is a modified commercial weedeater that has an extendable shaft to increase standoff distance , and provides protection to the operator. Although the system performed well in testing , practical applications appear limited . Side Scan Sonar. The Side Scan Sona r is a commercial-off-the-shelf sonar to image shallow underwater mines. The system demonstrated limited capability to reveal mines exposed on the bottom of shallow water areas-and to achieve this limited capability, extensive tra ining and operator skills are required. Heavy Grapnel. The Heavy Grapnel is a trailer mounted, pneumatic launcher for projecting a grapnel out to 50 meters to activate tripwires on AP mines. The system has limited capability and utility. Vehicle Protection Kits. In FY1995 , the R&D Program evaluated two separate mine protection designs for commercial vehicles. Testing took place against blast and fragmentation AP mines . Testing of both designs demonstrated feasibility of this concept. Humanitarian Demining Developmental Technologies 1998 Several other technologies and equipment will be available in the near future. Pictured here are some of these prototype items. Antipersonnel Mine Neutralization Device (APMINUD). The Antipersonnel Mine Neutralization Device (APMINUD) uses a spring-driven plunger to actuate AP mine fuzes, causing detonation.The plunger is enclosed in a protective steel shell that contains the blast and fragments associated with the detonating mine. Electromagnetic Wave Detection and Imaging Technology (EDIT) Mine Detector. The EDIT mine detector leverages from commercially available technology used in underground coal mining machine navigation, as well as ice detection for the NASA shuttle. The detector will consist of a resonant microstrip patch antenna sensor, wideband sensor, X-Y positioning, display and power center. It will be capable of detecting and imaging shallow buried metallic and nonmetallic mines. Low Order Neutralization. Several efforts that use chemicals and other methods to bum the explosive content in mines , without detonation, are being tested. The Fire Ant is a high temperature pyrotechnic torch that promises to destroy all plastic and metal AP and AT mines. Mine Resistant Boot Research. This is a research study to quantify the protective capabilities of commercially available anti-mine footwear The intent of this document is to report on progress made in the Humanitarian Demining R&D Program in developing equipment to assist with the global demining effort. The products contained herein portend significant capabilities for detecting , marking , mapping , clearing , and neutralizing mines , as well as equipment for training , and post clearance quality assurance. This document provides a means for the reader to obtain more information on any item. Since the program inception in 1995, significant progress has been made and the most successful items have been deployed for field testing in the mine plagued nations of Africa, Central America, Southeast Asia, and Eastern Europe. This is a significant achievement for a program that is less than three years old. Feedback from users and field tests are crucial to continued success of the program . The world's land mine problem is far from solved and the Department of Defense is proud to be making a difference and remains committed to working with international agencies and private relief organizations to eliminate the scourge of landmines. Human;tarian Demining Developmental Technologies 1998 '-v,,