= = [AIT PEGS 1) New York State College of Agriculture At Carnell University Sthara, N. GF. Library pe tes iasiczee ale o afte : ee, cad Pu aus Co Wewtine THE NORTH AMERIGAN. PYRENOMYCETES. A CONTRIBUTION TO MYCOLOGIC BOTANY, BY J.B. ELLIS AND B. M. EVERHART. WITH ORIGINAL ILLUSTRATIONS” ' BY F. W. ANDERSON. ‘ PUBLISHED BY ELLIS & EVERHART, NEWFIELD, NEW JERSEY. 1892, ERRATA. Page 45, bottom line, for ‘‘3-septate”’ read 4-septate. ‘« 46, 7th line from bottom, for ‘“3-septate”’ read 4-septate. oe 166, 219, 300, 429, 452, 493, 538, 581, 624, 640, 645, 5th line from bottom, for ‘‘1—1 !2 mier.’’ read 1-1 % mm. 4th line from top strike out ‘‘not.”’ bottom line, for ‘‘shiny’’ read slimy. 19th line from top for ‘‘3 micr.’’ read 3—4 and second line from bottom, 1890 for ‘*1891,"” 16th line from bottom, for ‘‘857"’ micr. read 45 x7. 4th line from bottom for ‘‘30«35’’ read 30—35. add measurements of sporidia of Ps profusa, 45—5015 mier. 11tk line from bottom, for ‘‘%4—% mm.”’ read 4—% em. add measurements of sporidia of N. glycyrrhiza, 9-105 mier. 18th line from bottom for ‘‘2 mm.’’ read % mm. 3d line from bottom for ‘*1015’’ read 10x4—5. To the “Corrections” on page 760 add the following : Page 111, For “Attractium” read Atractium. * 143, “ “A. read V. before ‘‘Alchemille.” eM “ “Sheeropsis” read Spheeropsis., “178. “ “Helmithospheria” read Helminthospheeria. «189, “ “Carlise” read Carlisle, “192, “ “Wallwrothiella”’ read Wallrothiella, “194, “ “hystricina” read hystricinum. “e285. “« “Stellarinearun” read Stellarinearum. “384. * M. “‘sqmata” read M, squamata. 482, Put V. before ‘‘Cypri.” «554. ** “Silia’” read Sillia. “ BTT. “ “orandinea” read grandineum. “ 584, ‘* “Bread D. * 603, ** “Cheonpodii” read Chenopodii. 605. ** 15th Jine, for 1855” read 1955, and in the next line fer ‘'1041” read 1941, and for ‘*Roszea” read Rosze, * 730. * For ‘‘Cuccurbitaria” read Cucurbitaria. “763. * “Ticothecium” read Tichothecium. “763. “ “Trichospheriaceze” read Trichospheeriez. In “Keys to the genera,” pp. 4and 58, Uncinula and Hyponectria should have been included. The genera Botryosphaeria to Valsaria inclusive, constitute the Family Melo- grammese, and Diatrype to Diati ypella inclusive, the Fam, Diatrypee, The diag- noses of these Families were accidentally omitted and are giveu below. Page 546, before Botryospheeria, insert: Family. Melogrammeez. Stroma valsoid or diatrypoid, subpulvinate, globose or irregular, mostly erum- pent, and becoming superficial. Perithecia sunk in the stroma or often with the upper part free. Sporidia various, Page 565, before Diatrype, insert: Family. Diatrypez. Stroma effused or valsoid, subglobose or pulvinate, erumpent. Perithecia sunk to the bottom of the stroma or distributed through it. Ostiola not convergent, Sporidia allantoid, hyaline or brownish. PREFACE. In the present state of mycologica] knowledge, the classification and description gf the species of North American Pyrenomycetes is attended with many difficulties; chief among which is. the fact that many of the published diagnoses are too imperfect to enable one to recognize the species, of which many of the types are either lost or practically inaccessible. An examination of the Schweinitzian Herba- rium, at the Academy of Natural Sciences at Philadelphia, reveals the fact that about two hundred of the most valuable species described in Schweinitz’ Synopsis of North American Fungi are not represented in the Herbarium at all, and that many of the specimens still remaining are too meager or too imperfect to be of much service. Coming to the species described by Berkeley & Curtis, the case is no better, but, as far as specimens are concerned, even worse, the types being entirely beyond the reach of the ordinary student. Our knowledge of these species is derived from the brief descriptions in Grevillea aud the supplementary notes by Dr. M. C. Cooke, who has also examined and determined, by comparison with the original types, many of the species included in the present work. We are also indebted to Drs. Rehm, Winter, and Saccardo for the identification of many doubtful species; but above all to the many collectors who have furnished abundant material from all parts of the country, thus making it possible to give an approximately complete synopsis of the North American species of this extensive Order. The names of these contributors appear in con- nection with the species they have furnished. The name of Ravenel is attached to most of the species collected by him and described hy Berkeley & Curtis in Grevillea; and Schweinitz or “Schw.” to his species published in the Synopsis of North American Fungi. II The system of classification adopted (as stated elsewhere) is mainly that of Dr. Winter in Rabenhorst’s Kryptogamen Flora (quoted mostly in this vol. as ‘Die Pilze”). The system differs from that of Saccardo in the Sylloge, mainly in the different grouping of the genera, in this respect standing intermediate between the Saccardian system and that adopted by Cooke in his “Synopsis Pyrenomycetum.” Asa guide to the correct pronunciation, the long sound of the accented vowel in generic and specific names, is indicated by the grave accent (*) and the short sound by the acute (7). . The name of the author first publishing any species has been retained, placed in parenthesis in case the species ha’ been removed from the genus in which it was first placed. The name after the parenthesis ‘has been omitted as too cumbersome and unnecessary. The piratical practice of omitting the first name and substituting the second in its place can not be too strongly condemned. | In the case of old and well known species we have adopted the published diagnoses supplemented with notes, in cases where our observations do not entirely agree with the published characters. The measurements (in centimeters, cm., millimeters, mm., and micromillimeters, 4) have all been made with the same optical com- bination and with the same micrometrical scale. They agree gener- ally with those given by Saccardo, Karsten, and Winter, but are mostly less than those given by Cooke, so that it seems probable that the scale we have used differs somewhat from his. In the measure- ments of asci, the length of the spore-bearing part (p. sp.) has, in most cases, been given. The illustrations by our much lamented frignd, F. W. Anderson, do credit to his artistic talent, but cause.us to regret that a career of such brilliant promise should end so soon. The figures were made from actual specimens carefully examined and accurately drawn, to show the more salient characters of the genera. The fungi of ‘Greenland, eriumérated by Professor Rostrup (see page 32) have been included,as:it-is probable that most of the species found in that great continental plane, will also: be met with in the Ill northern part of British America and Alaska, and in the elevated regions along the Rocky Mountain chain further South. The Erysiphex in this Vol. (pp. 2-30) have been elaborated and prepared by Professor T. J. Burrill, of the University of Illinois, who wishes here to express his thanks for contributions of much service ' imostly specimens, to the following named gentlemen, viz: F. W. Anderson, J. C. Arthur, Geo. F. Atkinson, W. J. Beal, H. W. Hark- ‘ness, W. A. Kellerman, T. H. McBride, L. H. Pammel, C. H. Peck, S. M. Tracy, Wm. Trelease, A. B. Seymour, and Geo. P. Clinton. We regard it as extremely fortunate that Prof. B. was willing to undertake the editing of the Erysiphec, as his previous studies in this difficult Family have made him specially competent to do the work thoroughly. The index of genera and species at the end of the volume is the work of our friend W. C. Stevenson, Jr., to whom we are already indebted for the indices of species and their habitats in the “North American Fungi.” ‘ PYRENOMYCHTES. This order includes those fungi in which the hymenium is iiclosed in a subglobose envelope or shell (perithecium), which either remains closed or, more generally, is pierced above with a small, round opening {ostiolum) which is often more or less prolonged, so as to form a short tube or beak. From the lower part, and often from the sides of the inner surface of the perithecium, spring numerous transparent, membranaceous sacs {asci) containing minute, globose, oblong, cylindrical or thread-like bodies (sporidia). Between the asci arise usually, slender, filiform bodies (paraph- yses) whose office is not well understood. They have been supposed to be abortive asci. The perithecia are either developed directly from the mycelium, separate and distinct from each other (simple), or are more or less im- bedded in a carnose, coriaceous or carbonaceous substance called the stroma (compound). The stroma assumes various forms, effused, pul- vinate, tubercular or vertically elongated, cylindrical or dendroid. Often the stroma consists of the slightly altered substance of the wood or bark. The surface of the stroma before the development of the peri- thecia is often clothed with a hyphomycetous growth, producing aerial spores (conidia). Also, accompanying or preceding the ascigerous perithecia, are others (spermogonia or pycnidia) producing in their hymenial cavities spores (sporules) borne on pedicels and not in asci. The conidia, spermogonia and pycnidia are supposed to be gener- ically connected with the ascigerous perithecia, but this matter is not yet well understood. Dr. Winter, whose systematic arrangement we have mostly adopted, divides the Pyrenomycetes into the following suborders. 1. PERISPORIACEE. Perithecia with the ostiolum obscure or wanting, coriaceous or brittle-carbonaceous, opening irregularly, gen- erally without any stroma, but mostly seated on a well developed, superficial mycelium. 9. HYPOCREACER. Perithecia with an ostiolum, and with the stroma (when present) carnose or membranaceo-carnose, and bright colored (yellow, red, &c.). 1 bo 3. SPHERIACER. Perithecia mostly with a distinct ostiolum, of various consistence, but not carnose or membranaceo-carnose, brown or black. Stroma, when present, not carnose, dark colored outside, and often white within. 4. DOTHIDEACEE. Stroma always present, not fleshy, black, or dark-colored. Perithecia mostly reduced to mere cells in the stroma, and not separable from it. Ostiolum always present. PERISPORIACEH. This suborder is divided into two families. The Hrysiphee and Perisporiec. FAMILY. ERYSIPHEM, Lév. Ann, Sci, Nat. Ser. III, Tome XV. On living plants. Mycelium superficial, consisting of numerous branching, septate, usually white, much interwoven threads, which ex- tend widely over the epidermis of the host, adhering to it by means of haustoria. Conidia simple, colorless, cylindrical, oval or ovate, borne one above the other, on erect, simple, septate, colorless hyphe. Peti- thecia seated singly on the mycelium, membranaceous, indehiscent, globose or sometimes depressed, at first colorless, then yellow, becom- ing dark brown or black when mature, bearing various thread-like, radiating appendages. Asci arising from the base of the perithecium, delicate, thin-walled, colorless, oblong, oval, ovate or suborbicular, usually pedicellate, containing 2-8 sporidia, which are simple, color- less, granular, oblong or oval. The Lrysiphee, commonly known as ‘white mildews” or “blights,” may be easily recognized by the white, dusty or web-like coating they form on the leaves, or other succulent parts of many com- mon plants. They frequently grow throughout the summer, but usually only reach their full development in the fall, when the peri- thecia, or little fruit-balls, may be seen by good unaided eyes, scattered over the whitened surface of the leaves. The very abundant mycelium consists of numerous slender, white or colorless, septate threads that branch widely, and extend over the leaf in every direction, frequently crossing and interlacing. These threads are usually pressed close to the host, but they do not them- selves enter it. They send out at intervals, however, short, special branches called haustoria, that penetrate the epidermal cells, serving for the secure attachment of the fungus, and probably also for its 8 nourishment. These haustoria present several forms, and they are of some importance in the classification of the species. In some cases the haustorium simply consists of a slender tube which penetrates the epi- dermal cell of the host, within which it swells to an oval or club-shaped sac, filled with granular protoplasm. More often there is an external appendage or sucker, that is pressed close to the surface of the epider- -mal cell, and from this, or from near it on the mycelial thread, the haustorium proper takes its rise and penetrates the epidermis. This external appendage may be smooth and entire, merely constituting a hemispherical swelling on the mycelial thread, or, it may take the form of a flattened disk with an indented margin. In the latter case it is said to be “ lobed,” in the former, “not lobed.” ; The conidia, or asexual reproductive bodies, are cylindrical, oval or nearly orbicular, simple, colorless cells filled with protoplasm. They are formed by constriction at the ends of short, simple, erect, rather stout, septate, colorless branches of the mycelium, called fertile hyphe or conidiophores. A septum forms near the end of the young hypha, and the walls at this point become constricted. The cell thus cut off usually swells a little, and at length falls away as a mature conidium. Before this happens, however, other constrictions have taken place below, thus forming a chain of nearly mature conidia adhering end to end. Under favorable conditions they germinate quickly, sending out a slender tube, which, on the proper host, soon develops into a new mycelium. They are produced in immense num- bers throughout the growing season, and, as they are very light and easily carried by the wind, they serve for the rapid increase and wide distribution of the parasite. The perithecium remains on the fallen leaves over winter. It is not provided with a mouth or ostiolum of any kind. The contained asci and sporidia only escape on its decay in the spring. Delicate membranaceous conceptacles, other than the perithecia, are sometimes found in connection with the mycelium of the Hrysi- phee. They are thin-walled, and, on slight pressure, rupture irregu- larly, emitting immense numbers of minute, oblong, nucleated spores, immersed in a gelatinous fluid. They were noticed by Cesati, in con- nection with the grape mildew. Supposing them to be independent organisms, he named them Ampelomyces quisqualis, and specimens were published under that name as No. 1669 in Rabenhorst’s Herba- rium Mycologicum. Later they were called Cicinobolus florentinus by Ehrenberg, and Byssocystis teatilis by Riess. Tulasne, Mohl, 4 and others, finding that these conceptacles were borne on the same mycelium as the conidia and perithecia, naturally concluded that they were organs of the same plant, and, from their analogy to certain asexual reproductive bodies in allied groups of the Ascomycetes, called them pycnidia, and the minute bodies they contain, stylospores or pycnidiospores. This is still the accepted belief of many botanists. De Bary (Morph. und Phys. der Pilze, III, pp. 53-75, Tafeln VI, VII), shows that the pycnidia instead of being reproductive organs of the LE rysiphe, are, in reality, the fructification of a fungus that is parasitic on the Hrysiphe. He calls it Cicinobolus Cesatiz, and gives numerous figures showing its delicate, septate mycelium, developing within the mycelial threads of the Hrysiphe, and sending up branches which, by repeated division, form the cellular wall of the pycnidium. There is much confusion in regard to the nomenclature of this group. The earlier authors, with poor magnifiers or none at all, made meager descriptions of their supposed species, for which reason it is often impossible to determine from their writings what they had in hand. Host plants are not so much of a guide here as in most cases for parasites, though many specific names have been proposed, it seems solely upon the observed habitat of the fungus. In what follows, an earnest endeavor has been made to identify and describe true species wherever they grow. The Bulletin of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History, Volume II, Article VI, Parasitic Fungi of Lilinois, part II, by T. J. Burrill and F. S. Earle, has been made the basis of this work. This bulletin was founded upon collections made in Illinois, mostly by A. B. Seymour who also made studies upon the species. KEY TO THE GENERA. 1. Appendages to the perithecia simple, and similar to the threads of the mycelium. - : 2. Appendages various, readily distinguished from the mycelium. - - : : - 3. 2. Only one ascus in a perithecium. Spheerotheca. Several asci in each perithecium. Erysiphe. 3. Appendages branched at their tips. 4. Appendages not branched. : - : 5. 4. Only one ascus in a perithecium. Podosphera. Several asci in each perithecium. Microspheera. 5. Appendages swollen at base, tips straight. Phyllactinia. SPHEROTHECA, Lév. Ann, Sci. Nat. Series TII, Tome XV, p. 138. Perithecia containing only one ascus. Appendages simple threads not unlike the mycelium with which they are frequently interwoven. -Ascus suborbicular, usually containing eight sporidia. Very rarely two asci have been observed. S. pruindsa, C. & P. Erysiphei of the U. S. in Journ. Bot. 1872. Hypogenous. Mycelium thin, effuse, persistent. Perithecia scat- tered, 80-100 ; cell-reticulations small, appendages few, simple, rigid, even, hyaline, 3-4 times the diameter of the perithecium. Ascus ovate. Sporidia 8, 20-25 p long. On Rhus typhina, R. glabra and R. copallina. From New York to Missouri, and no doubt more widely distributed; not very common. (The perithecia appear to develop earlier and better on the galls of a Phytoptus affecting these host-plants). S. Hiumuali, (DC.) Erysiphe Humuli, DC. Flore Franc. VI, p. 106. Spherotheca Castagnez, Lev. in part, Ann. Sci. Nat. XV, p. 139. Spherotheca Humuli, Burrill, Parasitic Fungi of Illinois, II, p. 400. Mostly hypophyllous. Mycelium inconspicuous or ‘evanescent. Perithecia scattered, abundant, mostly rather small, 75-95 jy, wall- texture firm and compact, though thin, surface smooth, reticulations small, often obscure, usually less than 15 »; appendages slender, three or more times as long as the diameter of the perithecium, usually col- ored throughout when mature, mostly free from the mycelium. Ascus broadly elliptical or suborbicular. Sporidia usually 8, large, averag- ing 20 p long. On Viola canina var. sylvestris, Geranium maculatum, G. Richardsoni, G. incisum, Spirea, Physocarpus opulifolia, Rubus odoratus, R. triflorus, R. strigosus, R. hispidus, Geum album, G. Virginianum, G. macrophyllum, Fragaria, Potentilla palustris, P. anserina, Poterium, Agrimonia Eupatoria, Glia gracilis, G. linearis, Humulus lupulus. This species probably occurs on many other hosts, especially upon other Rosacez, upon which the fungus has usually been identified as S. Castagnei. Common throughout North America east of the Rocky Mountains. In California Dr. Harkness reports S. Castagnez on hop leaves. This is no doubt what is here called S. Humuli. |. It is exceedingly difficult to determine from literature upon what hosts S. Humulé occurs, because it is very rarely separated from 6 S. Castagnei in published lists. The first named hosts are those upon which the parasite has been considered distinct by Earle and the writer; the others are given upon the authority of the authors quoted. The distinction between the two species in question is, however, apparently real in the fact that the characteristically large, irregular cells of the wall of the perithecium of S. Castagnez are not found in those called S. Humul7, and the sporidia of the latter constantly average larger than those of the former. The difference also in the appendages seems to indicate specific distinction. Tulasne’s figure (Select Fung. Carp. I, tab. IV, fig. 9) clearly shows these peculiarities of S. Humuli, the name then used for the fungus. The much more abundant niycelium of S. pannosa, and the smaller appendages suffi- ciently separate that from S. Humuli, though the affinities appear to be quite as close here as between the latter and S. Castagnez, with which only our plant has been confounded. This is a very destructive parasite, especially on cultivated hops, in the Old as well as in the New World. On raspberries it also does con- siderable damage, though in many cases only the conidia are produced. On Geranium maculatum the cells of the wall of the perithecium vary much, even in the same mount under the microscope, but the spo- vidia and other characteristics are those of S. Humuli. S. pamnésa, (Wallr.) Alphitomorpha pannosa, Wallr. Verhand. d. Naturf. Freunde, I, p. 43. Erysibe pannosa, Uk. Species Plant. VI, I, p. 104. Eurottum Rosarum, Grev. Scott. Crypt. Fl. III, p. 164, fig. 2. Spherotheca pannosa, Lev. Aun. Sci. Nat. XV, p. 138. Mycelium abundant on the leaves, stems, etc., often sterile. Peri- thecia more often occurring on the branches, scattered, delicate, 90- 100 y, reticulations evident, small, 10-15 #; appendages short and delicate, much interwoven with the mycelium, sometimes colored. Ascus large, delicate, ovate, expanding, when free from the perithecium, to a length greater than its diameter. Sporidia 8, large, 29 y long. On Rosa blanda, R. Arkansana, R. lucida, R. humilis, R. parviflora, Rather common from New England to California (Hark- ness), and Texas (Jennings). Winter (Die Pilze, II, p. 26) and Saccardo (Syll. Fung. I, p. 2) describe this species with hyaline appendages; but Tulasne (Select Fung. Carp. I, p. 208) describes them as colored. They frequently are colored in our specimens. De Bary (Morph. und Phys. der Pilze, II, p. 48) says “colorless or brown at base.” S. Mali, (Duby). Erysiphe Mali, Duby Bot. Gall. p. 869. Spherotheca leucetricha, E. & E. Jour. Myc. IV, p. 58. Sprerotheca Mali, Burrill, (this publication). Amphigenous. Mycelium white, submembranaceons, persistent. 7 Perithecia few or numerous, immersed in the mycelium, small 75-85 yp, globose or subpyriform; appendages of two kinds, in part rudimentary, floccose, deeply colored, attached in a broad tuft to the smaller end of the pyriform perithecium, the others strongly developed, rigid, straight or curved, continuous or septate, simple or rarely forked at the extremity, deeply colored at base, becoming pale outwardly, attached in a loose cluster opposite the rudimentary ones, 2-5 times the diameter of the perithecium. Ascus oval to subglobose. Sporidia 8, 20-30 yp long. On upper parts of the twigs of Pyrus Malus, especially in nurs- eries of young trees, and upon the suckers from old ones. Not appar- ently very frequent but exceedingly abundant at times, Mississippi Valley, and probably eastward. This exceedingly interesting species has not been well separated from Podosphera Oxyacanthe which occurs on the same host and to casual observation has much the same appearance. In our species the tips of the large appendages are occasionally forked (once or even slightly twice), which again may have been confusing. But these vague, stiff branches are totally unlike the dichotomous divisions of Podosphera, and otherwise the species are very distinct. The tuft of short, interwoven, rudimentary appendages, like a dense cluster of short roots, is a very characteristic mark. . There is still some doubt as to the name. Evidently Hrysiphe Mali, Moug. usually given as a variety of Hrysiphe adunca, (Fries syst. Myc. III, p. 245, Wallr. Flora Germ. IV, p. 755, &.) is a different thing, but Duby’s description (Botanicon Gallicum I, p. 869) so far as it goes, is sufficiently correct for our species. Hrysiphe Mali, Duby, in Roumeguere’s Fungi Gallict Exsiccati is a Sphe- rotheca, and seems to be the same as our plant, though the specimen examined was insufficient for satisfactory comparison. It is moreover scarcely possible that this host should have a solely American parasite of this kind upon it, hence the preference given in the nomenclature. S. mors-live, (Schw.) Erysiphe mors-uva, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 2494. Spharotheca mors-uva@, B. & C. Grevillea IV, p. 158. Mycelium abundant, at first white, becoming dark brown, densely covering the leaves, stems and fruit. Perithecia most abundant on the stems and fruit, densely aggregated, imbedded in the thick, felted ‘mycelium, variable in size, 19-120 », dark brown, reticulations obscure; appendages short, delicate, hyaline or slightly colored, interwoven with and overrun by the dense mycelium. Ascus broadly elliptical, 8-spored, both ascus and sporidia smaller than in S. pan- nos. On Ribes Cynosbati, R. gracile, R. rotundifolium, R. divar catum var. irriguum, £. floridum, R. uva-crispa, R. cereum. From the eastern seaboard to Nebraska (Webber), and Montan (Anderson). In Berkeley’s Notices of N. A. Fungi (Grevillea IV p- 158) it is said to occur “on grapes.” From what we now know ¢ the limitation of the species, this is probably incorrect. This is the common “gooseberry mildew.” It has been referre to S. pannosa, but it is sufficiently distinguished by its dense, darl colored mycelium, which is strikingly unlike that of most of th Erysiphee. S. Epilobii, (Link.) Erysibe Epilobit, Link. Species Plantarum VI, p. 102. Podosphara (Sph@rotheca) Epilobiz, De Bary Beitrage Zur Morph. und Phys. Pilze. III, p. 48. Amphigenous. Mycelium dense or arachnoid. Perithecia dense] aggregated, small 70-80 y, cell-walls thin with evident reticulation: appendages not numerous, very distinct, deeply colored, septat simple, slender, 6-11 times the diameter of the perithecium. Asct oval, wall medium. Sporidia usually 8, 15-21 » long. On E'pilobium alpinum and E’. coloratum, White Mts. (Farlow Wisconsin (Davis). Conidiiferous specimens, probably of this specie have been collected in Dlinois. Apparently rare. S. Castagnei, Lev. Synon.: Compare De Candolle Flore Franc. VI, pp. 106-10 Wallr. Flora Germanica pp. 753-76. Rabenhorst Deutschl. Kryp Flora I, p. 230 et seq. It seems impossible to separate this speci: from others in the numerous descriptions by these and other autho The name, as given above, is found in Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. IIT, Ton XV, p. 1389. Hrysiphe Gerardi Schw. N. Am. Fungi p. 269, ar Erysiphe fuscata, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 159 belong to this species. Mycelium abundant and persistent or sometimes inconspicuot occurring on either or both sides of the leaves. Perithecia abundar scattered or somewhat aggregated, small, usually about 75 p,.b varying from 60-100 y. Texture soft, surface uneven, reticulatio: very large and irregular, 20-30 4; appendages long, stout, usual colored throughout, but sometimes colorless, flexuous, somewhat unevi in width, more or less interwoven with the mycelium. Ascus rath small, elliptical or suborbicular. Sporidia usually 8, small, abo 15 p long. a On Vernonia Noveboracensis, E'rigeron Canadensis, Corec sis aurea, C. aristosa, Bidens frondosa, B. connata, B. cerna 9 B. chrysanthemoides, B. bipinnata, Cacalia reniformis, C. tuberosa, EH rechtites hieracifolia, Hieracium, Prenanthes altissima, Lactuca, Taraxacum officinale, Phlox divaricata, Hydrophyllum Virgini- cum, Veronica Virginica, Gerardia grandifiora, Brunella vulgaris, Pediculuris lanceolata, Shepherdia argentea. Very abundant and widely distributed over the continent, on many widely different hosts. It is, however, variable, and it is quite possible that some forms should be separated as specifically distinct. This is very difficult to do on account of the intermediate forms in perhaps every particular. For the differences between this and S. Humuli, see note appended to the latter. Most specimens on Rosacee are easily determined as S. Humuli, while in some others this distinction is not so evident. The size of the perithecia varies much on different hosts—larger than the average on Hrechtites and some other Composite, smaller on Veronica. The appendages vary much in color; sometimes they are nearly or quite hyaline, even when certainly mature, but more often are tinged, sometimes deeply. throughout their entire length, with brown. [In figure 3, plate 1, the germinal tube of a conidium is incor- rectly represented as penetrating a stoma, instead of creeping over the surface of the leaf] S. phytoptéphila, Kell. & Swingle, Journ. Mycol. IV, p. 93. Amphigenous. Mycelium sparse. Conidia about 15x27 yp. Perithecia globular, dark colored, with obscure reticulations, and with wall rather fragile, 60-85 » diam; appendages few, hyaline or more often fuliginous, irregular, interwoven, sometimes septate, mostly longer than the diameter of the perithecium. Ascus large, broadly oval. Sporidia 8, 18-35 » long. On Celtis occidentalis affected by a Phytoptus forming bushy- branched tufts of twigs. The fungus grows upon these distorted branchlets and apparently not elsewhere on the tree, Kansas (Keller- man and Swingle), and Illinois. Doubtless widely distributed, but not yet reported elsewhere. S. lanéstris, Hark. Trans. California Acad. of Sci. 1884, p. 20. Hypophyllous. Mycelium abundant, firm, felt-like, becoming dull chocolate-brown. Conidia very firm, barrel-shaped, bulging much in the middle. Perithecia variable, about 100 y, wall lined with a distinct, separable layer of hyaline cells; appendages none. Ascus elliptical, thick-walled except at summit. Sporidia 8, oval or subglobose, about 20-24 y long. 2 10 On Quercus agrifolia, California (Harkness). A very distinct and characteristic species. The filaments of the mycelium are exceedingly robust, forming a dense, coherent stratum. The perithecia are imbedded in this wooly mass, but when carefully separated appear to be absolutely without appendages. The thick threads of the myceliuin do not adhere to the perithecia when thus transferred to a microscopic slide. ERYSIPHE, (Hedw.) Lev. Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. III, Tome XV. Perithecium containing several asci. Appendages simple, threads similar to and frequently interwoven with the mycelium. E. Liriodéndri, Sehw. Syn. N. Am. p. 209. On leaves and succulent stems. Mycelium abundant, dense, white, persistent. Perithecia developing late, mostly after the leaves have fallen, rather large, 100 « or more, delicate, thin-walled, im- bedded in and partially covered by the dense mycelium, reticulations small and indistinct; appendages several, hyaline, rather long, much interwoven with the mycelium. Asci several, eight or more. Sporidia 6-8, small. On Liriodendron tulipifera, New York (Peck) to Illinois and probably westward. ‘The species is not uncommon on the host named, though it appears to be slow in fruiting. May be identified by its abundant, white mycelium, especially on the young stems. E. communis, (Wallr.) Alphitomorpha communis, horridula, Wallr. in part, Verhandl. Naturf. Freund. I. Erysibe communis, nitida, Rabh. Deutschl. Krypt. Flora. Erysibe communis, Lk. in part. Erysiphe Aquilegig, DC. Flore Franc. VI, p. 105. Erystphe Pist, DC. 1. ¢. Il, p. 274. Erysiphe Convolvult, DC. 1. ¢. II, p. 274. Erysiphe Polygoni, DC. 1. ¢. II, p. 273. Evysiphe communis, Fr. Summa Veg. Scand. p. 406. Erysiphe communis, Martit, Lev. in part, Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. III, Tome XV. Amphigenous. Mycelium abundant, persistent or sometimes evanescent. Perithecia variable in size and reticulations; appendages variable in length, often long, lying on the mycelium or more or less interwoven with it, usually colored in part or throughout, but occasion- ally all hyaline, sometimes branched. Asci 4-8, or more. Sporidia mostly 4-8, variable in size. Very common from ocean to ocean on a very large number of host plants, among which are the following; Clematis Virginiana, C. ligusticifolia, Anemone Virginiana, Anemonella thalictroides, 11 Thalictrum polygamum, T. purpurascens, Ranunculus Cymbalaria, R. abortivus, R. sceleratus, R. septentrionalis, R. macranthus, R. acris, Aquilegia Canadensis, Delphinium elatum, Geranium macu- latum, G. Richardsoni, Baptisia tinctoria. Thermopsis montanu, Lupinus parvifiorus, L. perennis, Trifolium longipes, T. involu- cratum, T. monanthum, Psoralea floribunda, Astragalus caryo- carpus, A. Canadensis, A. multifiorus, A. decumbens, A. junceus, A. triphyllus, Oxytropis Lamberti, Lathyrus polymorphus, L. venosus, Pisum sativum, Phaseolus perennis, P. helvolus, Amphi- carpea monoica, Desmanthus brachylobus, Amelanchier alnifolia, nothera biennis, GZ. sinuata, GZ. albicaulis. The form on Clematis is referred by authors to ZL. tortélis, (Wallr.), or as often written, #. tortdlis, Link. It seems a mistake to separate it from the other forms occurring on Ranunculacewe, some of which have equally long appendages; especially as on Clematis, these are radiant and more or less interwoven with the mycelium, as is usual in 2’. communis, while in European specimens of L. tortélis on Cornus (Rabh. Fungi Europ. No. 2033, J. Kunze, Fungi Selecti Exsicc. No. 577, etc.), the appendages are fasciculate and assurgent. (See also Tulasne, Sel. Fung. Carp. I, pp. 213-216). The forms on Leguminose, etc., are often referred to #. Martii, Lév. De Bary (Morph. und Phys. der Pilze, II, p. 40) and Tulasne (1. c. p. 215) agree in considering this a synonym of ZL’. communis. Winter, however, (Die Pilze, I, p. 31) retains #. Martzz and refers to it all forms having hyaline appendages; but he says that he cannot decide whether this character is always constant and sufficient for their separation. Careful examination and comparison of the herbarium specimens specially mentioned by Winter, show that this character is not constant, for some of those given by him under #. Martéi have distinctly colored appendages, while in some of those given under E. communis they are very slightly, if at all, colored. In fact the coloring of the appendages seems to depend to a considerable extent on the age and vigor of the specimen, being light colored or hyaline in the young, and often quite dark in fully matured. vigorous specimens. A portion, at least, of the appendages often remains hyaline of those on Leguminosc, while in the case of those on Ranunculacee, they are usually all quite dark. E. tortilis, (Wallr.) Alphitomorpha tortélis, Wallr. Verhandl Nat. Freunde, I, p. 31. Erysibe tortilts, Link, Sp. Plant. VI, part I, p. 3. Erysiphe Cornt, Duby Botan. Gall. II, p. 870. - Erysiphe tortilis, Fries Syst. Myc. II¥, p. 243. Hypophyllous. Mycelium arachnoid, effuse, evanescent. Peri- thecia scattered, 80-100 »; appendages not numerous, about 8-15, dark colored, flexuous, very long, 10-14 times the diameter of the 12 perithecium, usually fasciculate by irregularly bending near the base, and clustered towards one side, very distinct from the mycelium. Asci 3-5 pedicellate. Sporidia 4-6, 22-30 yz long. On Cornus sanguinea, Missouri (Tracy and Galloway). This is here included solely upon the authority given, and appar- ently upon one collection. In Europe the fungus is common on the same host, and as this is abundant in cultivation with us, it is alto- gether probable that this parasite may be frequently found. It is very distinct from those forms of Z. communis with long appendages, as on Clematis. These latter have indeed been referred to &. tortilis, evidently by mistake. E. Cichoracearum. DC. Flore Franc. Il, p. 274. Alphitomorpha communis var. depressa, horridula, Wallr, Verhandl, Naturf. Freunde, IV. Alphitomorpha lamprocarpa, Schl. Verhandl. Naturf. Freunde, VII, p. 49. Erysibe communis, lamprocarpa, depressa, horridula, Lk. and Rabh, Erysiphe horridula, Montagnet, lamprocarpa, Lev., in part Erysiphe Ambrosia, Verbena, Phlogis, Asterum, Schweinitz, Syn. N. Am. p. 270. Erysiphe Linki, Lev. Ann. Sci. Nat. XV, p. 161. Erysiphe spadicea, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 159. Amphigenous. Mycelium abundant, persistent, haustoria rounded, not lobed. Perithecia variable; appendages numerous, mostly short, 1-2 times the diameter of the perithecium, hyaline or mostly colored, much bent and interwoven with the mycelium. Asci variable, mostly numerous, 4 or 5 to 20. Sporidia large, quite uniformly 2, but occa- sionally varying to 3, or even 4 (on Bigelovia 5 or 6). On Nupea dioica, Vernenia Noveboracensis, V. fasciculata, V. Baldwinii, Stevia, Eupatorium purpureum, E. perfoliatum, Gutierrezia Huthamie, Grindelia squarrosa, Chrysopsis villosa, Bigelovia Douglasiz, B. graveolens var. albicaulis, Solidago Mis- souriensis, S. serotina, S. Canadensis, 8. nana, S. rigida, 8. ocet- dentalis, Aster conspicuus, A. corymbosus, A. macrophyllus, A. oblongifolius, A. cordifolius, A. sagittifolius, A. Drummondii, A. levis, A. ericoides, A. multifiorus, A. viminosus var. foliolosus, A. salicifolius, A. diffusus, A. commutatus, A. junceus, A. longifolius, A. foliaceus var. Hutoni, A. umbellatus, A. adscendens, A. ca- nescens, EHrigeron Canadensis, BE. divaricatus, E. strigosus, E. macranthus, HE. glabellus, E. corymbosus, E. armericefolius, Inula Helenium, Silphium terebinthinaceum, Iva Jrutescens, I. vanthiifolia, Ambrosia trifida, A. artemisicfolia, A. psilostachya, NXanthium strumarium, X. Canadense, Rudbeckia occidentalis, Helianthus annuus, H. rigidus, H. grosse-serratus, H. Californicus, 13 H. doronicoides, H. stiumosus, H. decapetalus, H. tubcrosus, Heli- anthella Parryi, Verbesina encelioides; Actinomeris squarrosa, Helenium autumnale, Gaillardia aristata, Dysodia chrysanthe- moides, Artemisia dracunculoides, A. biennis, A. Ludoviciana, A. discolor, Cnicus undulatus, C. undulatus var. canescens, C. altissi- mus, C. altissimus var. discolor, Hieracium Canadense, Prenanthes alba, Lactuca pulchella, Asclepias variegata, Hydrophyllum Vir- ginicum, H. Canadense, Phacelia circinata, P. Menziesii, Phlox paniculata, P. Drummondii, Cynoglossum, E'chinospermum Vir- ginicum, EF. Redowskii, Mertensia Sibirvica, Lithospermum arvense, Mimulus luteus, Tecoma radicans, Verbena officinalis, V. urtice- folia, V. angustifolia, V. hastata, V. stricta, V. bracteosa, Plantago major, Galium Aparine, Humulus Lupulus, Pilea pumila, Parie- taria debilis, P. Pennsylvanica. This exceedingly common species is abundant in all sections of our country, and is found upon an extraordinary number of widely distinct host-species, as the preceding list shows, though this is un- doubtedly incomplete. | Various names have been given to somewhat different forms: included herein, but after a careful examination of a large amount of material from widely separated regions, it seems im- possible to adinit specific distinctions among even the most divergent forms. Unusual variations seem to oceur in the Rocky Mountain regions, as Anderson and Kelsey shave noticed in Montana. For instance, a form on Bigelovia graveolens has 20-30 asci, many of which have 3-5, and perhaps more, sporidia, and the appendages are short and almost hyaline. Taken by itself, it could hardly be admitted as belonging to the present species. Ellis & Everhart (Botanical Gazette, XIV, p. 286), provisionally propose the name #. sepulta for it. But on Bigelovia Douglasii, growing with the preceding, the fungus is in all characteristics the same, except that the sporidia are uniformly 2, in the specimens examined, and so reported by others. The asci are often as many as 30 in both cases——a number much greater than commonly given for typical #. Céchoracearum. On other host-species the number of asci is exceedingly variable, mostly only 4-8, but in some collections east of the Mississippi river, reaching 20, with apparently no way of distinguishing different species among the variable forms. Those on Bigelovia are indeed further aberrant, but it does not seem wise to separate one or both as specifically dis- tinct, either from each other or from those with which they are un- doubtedly allied on the host-plants enumerated above. E. Galeépsidis, DC. Flore Franc. VI, p. 108. Erysiphe lamprocarpa, Lev. in part. Erysiphe Labiatarum, Chev. Flora Paris, III, p. 380. Erysiphe Chelones, Schw. Syn. N. Am. p. 270. 14 Amphigenous. Mycelium abundant, persistent, haustoria of the mycelial threads lobed. Perithecia somewhat aggregated, appendages numerous, short, flexuous, colored, interwoven with the mycelium. Asci numerous, often 12 or more. Sporidia 2, mostly formed late. On Teucrium Canadense, Mentha, Scutellaria laterifiora, S. aspera, Galeopsis Tetrahit, Chelone glabra. Widely distributed east of the Rocky Mountains and in Montana (Anderson), but not often distinguished from 2. Cichoracearum in published lists. It can scarcely be separated from the latter by the characters of the perithecia, but the difference in the haustoria, first pointed out by De Bary (Morph. und Phys. der Pilze, IIT, p. 49), can be observed by first soaking a portion of the leaf in caustic potash and then removing a little of the inycelium to the slide. The perithecia and appendages are often rather lighter colored than is usual in Z. Cichoracearum. E. aggregata, (Peck). Erysiphella aggregata, Peck 28th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. Nat. Hist. p. 63. Erysiphe aggvegata, Farlow, Bull. Bussey Inst. II, (1878), p. 227. Mycelium dense, felt-like, white, but becoming yellowish. Peri- thecia very numerous. closely crowded, opake, thick-walled, with rather small cells, 140-180 4; appendages very numerous, inter- woven, hyaline or nearly so, rather slender. Asci numerous, 10-50, oblong-ovate or sometimes narrower, thick-walled. Sporidia crowded in the ascus, oval, mostly 15-20 y long. On the fertile aments of Alnus serrulata and of A. incana, in autumn and spring. Reported from Massachusetts (Farlow), New York (Peck), New Jersey and Pennsylvania (Ellis); said to be common in these localities. The genus Hrysiphella was proposed for this when it was supposed there were no appendages, E. trina, Hark. Trans. Cal. Acad. of Sci. 1884, p. 41. Epiphyllous. Mycelium covering orbicular spots, pruinose, fuga- cious. Perithecia clustered, minute, yellowish-brown, 56-70 2; append- ages none. sci 3, nearly globular, 31-38 p. Sporidia 2, oblong- elliptical, or somewhat boat-shaped, very large, sometimes filling the ascus, 18-20 x 28-32 ys. On Quercus agrifolia, California (Harkness). Inserted from paper by Dr. Harkness, read before the California Academy of Sci- ences, February 4, 1884. No specimens examined. In the original, Erysiphella is given as an alternate genus. 15 E. graminis, DC. Flore Franc. VI, p. 106. Amphigenous, often epiphyllous. Mycelium dense, felt-like, per- sistent, white or gray, sometimes tinted brown. Perithecia immersed in the mycelium, few and scattered or many and crowded, depressed, large, about 225 (150-255 ); appendages numerous, rather short, simple or occasionally branched, rigid, but variously curved and inter- woven with the mycelium, hyaline or tinted. Asci 16-25, oblong to oval, pedicellate. Sporidia 8, or rarely 4, maturing late, often only on old plants in the spring. On Beckmannia eruceeformis, Panicum sanguinale, Agrostis exarata, Poa tenutfolia, P. pratensis, Glyceria nervata, G. aquatica, Bromus unioloides, Hordeum jubatum, Elymus condensatus, Trit- tcum vulgare. Common, Massachusetts to California, mostly observed in the conidial state (Oidéwm monilioides, Link) in shady places. Perithecia usually forming only late in summer or autumn, and sporidia much later. In Montana, however, the former have been collected in July, and ripe sporidia found in November, or even earlier (Anderson). In California it has been destructive to wheat (Harkness). Anderson says there are sometimes as many as 20 sporidia in an ascus,—a vari- ation not reported elsewhere. UNCINULA. Lev. Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. III, Tome XV. Perithecium containing several asci. Appendages free from the inycelium, recurved or coiled at the tip. U. Clintonii, Peck, Trans. Albany Inst. VII, p. 216, 25th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 106. Amphigenous. Mycelium thin, rather persistent. Perithecia scat- tered, 90-120 y, firm, nearly black; appendages 15-30, 1-1} times diameter of perithecium in length, hyaline or nearly so, uncinate- coiled at the tip. Asci 4-6, oval, very short-beaked. Sporidia 4-8, mostly 18-21 » long, completely filling the ascus. On Zilia Americana, not very common. Apparently often escaping observation. Reported from New York (Peck), Wisconsin (Davis), Iowa (Pammel), and Ilinois. U. necator, (Schw.) Erysiphe necator, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 2495. Uncinula spiralis, Berk. Crypt. Bot. p. 268, fig. 64. Uncinula Ampelopsidis, Peck, Trans, Albany Inst. VII, p. 216. Uncinula Americana, Howe, Erysiph. U.S. Journ. Bot. 1872. Uncinula subfusca, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 160. Uncinula necator, Burrill (this publication). 16 Amphigenous or frequently epiphyllous. Perithecia 85-120 y, dark brown, opake, reticulations small, rather obscure; appendages from 10 or 12 to 20 or more, varying in length from once and a half to four or more times the diameter of the perithecium, colored for more than half their length, frequently septate, occasionally forked, tips loosely and somewhat spirally coiled. Asci ovate, pedicellate. Spo- ridia 4-6. Very rare on vines of cultivated varieties of Vitis labrusca in native [American] vineyards. Mycelium very thin, whitish, with very slender flocci. orbicular, not close pressed. Perithecia very minute, scattered. brownish-black, globose. When abundant, this species also destroys the fruit—Schw. I. ¢. On Vitis aestivalis, V. cinerea, V. labrusca, V. riparia and V. vinifera, Ampelopsis cuspidata and A. quinquefolia. This is a very common species, widely distributed throughout the country, from the Atlantic to the Pacific coast. It is the powdery mildew of cultivated grape vines, and there is good reason to suppose that the so-called Otdiwm Tucker? of European vineyards is the same thing, without, however, the development of the perithecia. The conidia found with the perithecia in America are indistinguishable from those on Kuropean vines in their native regions, and these same European vines grown in this country have both conidia and peri- thecia altogether similar to those on American grapes. If it is true that the European conidia-bearing parasite is really the present species, the non-development of the perithecia in the Old World is a curious biological phenomenon, though similar peculiarities exist in regard to other species of fungi in contrasted regions in our country. The plant varies considerably, but nearly or quite as much on leaves of Vitis as upon this on the one hand, and Ampelopsis species on the other. The name most commonly adopted is U. spiralis, Berk., from the named figure, without description, in Berkeley’s Introduction to Cryptogamic Botany, but subsequently described in Grevillea. Prior to the latter, Peck described U. Ampelopsidis, hence this name has been used in some cases for the specimens on both Vitis and Am- pelopsis since these fungi have been recognized as the same species. But there is no reasonable doubt that Schweinitz had before him specimens of this same species, and if so, his neglected name must be accepted. It should be remembered that he worked before the era of the compound microscope, and his description is necessarily meager, but it is correct as far as it goes. U. flexuosa, Peek, Trans. Albany Inst. VII, p. 215. Hypophyllous. Perithecia large (110-125 y), dark, opake, reticu- lations obscure; appendages numerous, 40 or more, about equaling the 17 diameter of the perithecium, hyaline, minutely roughened, thickened and irregularly flexuous toward the tip. Asci about 10, ovate or pyri- form, strongly pedicellate. Sporidia 3, small, 15-20 » long. On Zsculus glabra, A. flava, and 4. Hippocastanum. Ap- ° parently not common, but reported from New York (Peck), Illinois (Earle), Missouri (Demetrio). The species is easily determined by the abrupt, wavy crooks in the outer half of the appendages. U. cireinata, €. & P. Erysiphei of the U.S. in Journ. Bot. 1872. Hypophyllous or sometimes amphigenous. Perithecia very large, depressed, 150-225 wu in greatest diameter, texture soft, reticulations very small and irregular; appendages very nun.erous, slender, simple, about equal to the diameter of the perithecium, hyaline, smooth, tips not swollen, ascending from the upper half of the perithecium. Asci numerous, 14 or more, long and slender, oblong or narrowly ovate, pedicellate, about 30x75 w. Sporidia 8, small, aboyt 10x 15 yp. On Acer Pennsylvanicum, A. spicatum, A. saccharinum, A. dasycarpum, A. rubrum. Not rare throughout the country east of the Rocky Mountains, though not reported in the extreme northwest. This is readily distinguished from U. Aceris, (DC.) by its simple appendages and more numerous, very narrow asci. In some specimens the mycelium is inconspicuous, but in specimens from Massachusetts (Seymour) it is more abundant. The leaves affected hy it can often be distinguished at a distance, as the areas covered by it remain green after the rest of the leaf has assumed its autumnal tint. U. Aceris, (DC.) Erysitphe Aceris, DC. Flore Frane. VI, p. 104. Alphitomorpha bicornds, Wallr. Verhandl., I, p. 38. Uncinula bicornis, Lev. Ann. Sci, Nat. XV, p. 153. Unctnula Acerts, Sacc. Syll. I, p. 8 Amphigenous. Mycelium variable, sometimes in conspicuous, dense patches, sometimes spreading over one or both surfaces of the entire leaf. Perithecia scattered, large, 150-200 4; appendages very numerous, short, less than diameter of perithecium, once or more rarely twice forked mostly beyond the middle, the elongated tips somewhat tapering and strongly recurved or spirally wound. Asci 8-12, some- what pear-shaped. Sporidia 8, about 14x 30 yp. On maple leaves, California (Harkness). This exceedingly inter- esting and characteristic species is inserted as American upon the authority of Harkness and Moore (Pacific Coast Fungi, p. 82) where it is named J. bécornis, Lev. 3 18 The appendages are so unique and the forks so conspicuous that it seems impossible a mistake should be made in identification. In some instances, when the division is near the end, an approach to Microsphera is apparent, but the characteristic curve or coil of the tips, leaves no room to doubt the proper generic position. U. macréspora, Peck, Trans. Albany Inst. VII, p 215.—25th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 96. Amphigenous. Mycelium conspicuous, abundant. Perithecia large, 110-165 y, wall tissue soft, reticulations very small, usually 5-10 yw, and rather obscure; appendages very numerous, 50 or more, hyaline, slender, smooth, usually shorter than the diameter of the peri- thecium, tips closely coiled, not enlarged. Asci several, 8-10. — Spo- ridia 2, large, 20 x 30-35 yp. On Ulmus fulva, U. Americana, U. alata, Ostrya Virginica. Rather common east of the Rocky Mountains. On the last named host (collected by Tracy in Wisconsin) the fungus is undoubt- edly the same as that much more commonly found on elms. It differs sufficiently from European specimens of U. Bévone, Ley. on Ulmus campestris (Thiim. Mycoth. Univer. No. 755). In these latter the perithecia are smaller (80-90 y), and the reticulations are much larger (10-15 y), and more distinct. The fewer (less than 20) appendages are stouter, somewhat roughened and conspicuously swollen at their tips. The usually four asci each contain two sporidia about 30 # long but narrower than in U. macrospora. U. intermedia, B. & C. appears from description to be the same as U. macrospora. U. parvula, C. & P. Erysiphei of the U. S. Journ. Bot. 1872. Amphigenous. Perithecia usually small, 90-100 y, rarely 135 p, delicate, reticulations distinct, small and regular, averaging about 10 3 appendages 60-100, delicate, slender, hyaline, commonly shorter than the diameter of the perithecium. Asci 5-7, broadly elliptical. Spo- ridia 5-8, mostly 6, about 20-25 yw long. On Celtis occidentalis. From the Atlantic coast to Washington (Seymour). Not apparently abundant, but often collected from widely separated localities. Distinct from U. polycheta, B. & C., on same host. Washington (State) specimens have perithecia of larger size than usual, attaining rather more than 125 yw, while 100 # seems to be about the extreme for eastern specimens. U. polycheta, (B. & C.) Erysiphe polychata, B. & C, Grev. IV, p. 159. Uncinula Lynchit, Speg. Fung. Arg. Il, p. 17. Pleocheta Curtistt, Sacc. & Speg. Fung. Arg. II, p. 44. Uncinula polycheta, Rav. F. Car. IV, No. 68. 19 ‘Hypophyllous. Mycelium usually dense, forming irregular, whitish spots or patches. Perithecia scattered, flattened or depressed above, large, 225-280 u; appendages very numerous, 250-300 or more, about half as long as the diameter of the perithecium, at first clavate, then attenuate and once coiled at the apex, hyaline. Asci numerous, 50 or more, about 27x80 yw. Sporidia 2, or rarely more, large, about 17 x 27 yw, nearly filling the ascus. On Celtis occidentalis, Carolina (Ravenel), Mississippi (Tracy), South America (Spegazzini). Apparently not abundant. U. confitsa, Massee, Grev. XVII, p. 78. Uncinula polych@ta, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 159 (No. 993). Pleocheta Curtisiz, Sacc. and Speg. 1. c. Hypophyllous. Mycelium very scanty, not forming spots. Peri- thecia scattered, usually not more than 2-3 on a leaf, 150-200 4; appendages 25-28, simple, colorless, very slender, about 300 x 2-3 p; apices strongly involute, not at all thickened. Asci about 25, cylin- dric-clavate, 4-spored. Sporidia colorless, simple, elliptical, oblong, 20x10 p. On leaves of Celtis occidentalis, Carolina. U. geniculata, Gerard, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, IV, p. 48. Epiphyllous. Mycelium thin, in definite spots or overspreading the leaf. Perithecia scattered, usually few, 90-120 4; appendages 15-30, hyaline, somewhat roughened, often geniculate, about once to twice the diameter of the perithecium in length, about 1} times spirally coiled at the apex. Asci 6-8. Sporidia 4-6, about 14-20 w long. On Morus rubra, rare or missed by collectors. New York, Tilinois (Pammel). U. Salicis, (DC.) (Plate 2) Erysiphe Salicis, DC. Flore France. II, p. 273. Erysiphe Populi, DC. Flore Franc. VI, p. 104. Alphitomorpha adunca, gutiata, Wallr. Verh. Naturf. Freunde, I, pp. 37, 42. Erysibe adunca, obtusata, Lk. Spec. Plant. VI, I, p. 117. Evysiphe adunca, Grev. Scott. Crypt. Flora, V, tab. 296. Uncinula adunca, Lev. Aun. Sci. Nat. Ser. III, Tome XV. Uncinula leuculenta, Howe, Trans. Albany Inst. VII, quoted inAmer. Nat. VII, p. 58. Uncinula heliciformis, Howe, Torr. Bull. V, p. 4. Uncinula Salicis, DC. Winter, Die Pilze, IT, p. 40. Amphigenous. Mycelium abundant, persistent. Perithecia usually large, 100-160 », wall tissue soft, elastic, reticulations rather small and indistinct; appendages variable in number, usually very numerous, hyaline, not much swollen at the tip, once to twice as long as the 20 diameter. of the perithecium. Asci from 4 or 5 to 12 or more, ovate. Sporidia usually 4 or 5, sometimes 6-8. On Salix nigra, S. nigra var. falcata, S. amygdaloides, S. longifolia, S. rostrata, S. flavescens, 8. discolor, S. humilis, S. petio- laris, S. cordata, 8. glauca, Populus tremuloides, P. angulata, P. grandidentata, P. heterophylla, P. balsamifera var. candicans, P. monilifera. PHYLLACTINIA, Lév. (Plate 3) Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. III, Tome XV, p. 144. Perithecium containing several asci. Appendages free from the mycelium, acicular, acute at the tip, abruptly swollen at base. P. suffilta, (Reb.) Sclerotium suffultum, Reb. Flor. Neom. p. 360. Erysiphe Corylt, Fraxint, DC. Flore Franc. II, p. 273. Erysiphe vagans, Bivon, Stirp. rar. Sicil, III, p. 197. Alphitomorpha guttaia, Wallr. Verh. Naturf. Freunde, I, p. 42. Erysibe guttata, Lk. Spec. Plant. VI, I, p. 116. Erysibe guttata, Fr. Syst. Mycol. III, p. 245. Phyllactinia Candollet, Lev. Grev. IV, p. 158. Phyllactinia guttata, Lev. Aun. Sci. Nat. Ser, III, Tome XV. Phyllactinia suffulta, Sacc, Michelia II, p. 50. Mostly hypophyllous. Mycelium abundant, persistent, or scant and evanescent. Perithecia very large, 150-275 yw, wall tissue soft, cellular structure, and reticulations obscure; appendages few, usually 8-12, easily detached, hyaline, varying in length from less than, to three or four times the diameter of the perithecium. Asci4 or 5 to 20 or more, ovate, pedicellate. Sporidia normally 2, oceasionally 3 or 4, variable in size, mostly large. On Magnolia acuminata, Liriodendron tulipifera, Berberis, Nanthoxylum Americanum, Ilex decidua, Celastrus scandens, Acer sacchurinum, Desmodium Canadense, Crataegus coccinea, C. tomen- tosa, C. punctata, C. crus-galli, Heuchera parvifolia, Ribes Cynos- bati, Hamumelis Virginiana, Fraxinus Americana, F’. pubescens, F. viridis, F. sambucifolia, Asclepias Cornuti, Catalpa speciosa, C. bignonioides, Cornus florida, C. circinata, C. stolonifera, C. sericea, C. paniculata, Ulmus Americana, U. alata, Betula papy- rifera, B. nigra, B. occidentalis, Alnus serrulata, A. incana, Cory- lus Americana, Ostrya Virginica, Carpinus Caroliniana, Quercus macrocarpa, @. rubra, Q. coccinea, Q. coccinea var. tinctoria, Q. Jalcata, Castanea sativa var. Americana, Fagus ferruginea, Typha latifolia. This everywhere common species presents many variations in the 21 size of the perithecia, the length of the appendages, the number and size of the asci, and the size of the sporidia; but none of these forms scem constant enough to justify their separation. On Liriodendron the mycelium is usually inconspicuous, the appendages but little longer than the diameter of the perithecium, and the few (8-10) asci are large and broadly ovate. On Ulmus the mycelium is abundant and persistent, the perithecia and appendages medium, and the very numerous (20-30) asci are small and narrow. On Quercus the peri- thecia are very large, and the 10-15 asci and the sporidia are much larger than on Ulmus. On Corylus the perithecia are small, but the appendages are very long. Itis remarkable for the exceedingly great diversity of the host species which it affects. Scarcely a deciduous leafed tree seems to be proof against it. The most peculiar thing in this connection is its appearance on Typha latifolia (Anderson, Journ. Mycol. V, p. 193). Ina large number of instances the perithecia have a dense layer of short, branched, fine, hyaline, radiating hyphe, totally distinct from the conspicuously bulbous appendages. There are projections from the wall of the perithecium, issuing from the lower side and forming a cushion-like mass. PODOSPHERA, Kunze. Mycol. Hefte II, p. 111. Perithecium containing a single ascus. Appendages free from the mycelium, dichotomously branched at the end. P. Oxyacanthe, (DC.) (Plate 4) Evysiphe Oxyacantha, DC, Flore Franc. VI, p. 106. Alphitomorpha clandestina, Wallr. Flora Crypt. Germ. III, p. 753. Erysibe clandestina, Lk. Spec, Plant. VI, I, p. 103. Podosphara Kunzet, clandestina, Lev. Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. III, Tome XV, p. 19. Podosphera minor, Howe, Torr. Bull. V, p. 3. Microsphera fulvo-fulcra, Cke. Grev. VI, p. 110. Podosphera Oxyacanthe, DBy. Morph. und Phys. der Pilze, III, p. 480. Amphigenous. Mycelium variable, often abundant, persistent. Perithecia 65-110 y, dark, opake, reticulations regular, about 10-15 py, evident when young, scarcely observable when old, except by the un- even surface; appendages 8-20, dark brown for more than half their length, frequently septate, 1-4 times as long as the diameter of the perithecium, 3-5 times dichotomously forked, branches short, often swollen, tips recurved. Ascus broadly elliptical or orbicular, about 50 x 60 y, thick walled. Sporidia usually 8. On Prunus domestica, P. Americana, P. Cerasus, P. pumila, P. Virginiana, P. demissa, Spirea salicifolia, 8. tomentosa, 8. Douglasii var. dumosa, Pyrus Malus, Crategus Oxyacantha, C. coccinea, C. tomentosa, OC. punctata, C. crus-galli, Amelanchier Canadensis, Diospyros Virginiana. 22 In Europe three species are described as follows; P. Oxyacanthee, (DC.) DBy.—A ppendages 8 or more, about equal to the diameter of the perithecium, standing erect on its upper surface. On Crateegus, Sorbus and Mespilus. P. tridactyla, (Wallr.) DBy.— Appendages 3-7, standing erect in a parallel bundle on the summit of the perithecium. On Prunus sps. P. myrtillina, (Schubert) Kunze.—Appendages 6-10, arising from the upper surface of the perithecium, but radiating divergently or reflexed. On Vaccinium. European specimens on the above hosts show these distinguishing characters sufficiently well, but American specimens on Prunus can- not be separated from those on Crataegus, etc. There appear to be none on Vaccinium. Whatever may be done with European forms, the American ones must be considered one species. P. biuncinata, (. & P. Erysiphei of the U. S. Journ. Bot. 1872. Pk. 25th Rep. p. 94. Amphigenous. Mycelium thin, arachnoid, rather persistent. Perithecia small, 70-90 p, scattered; appendages 6—12, 3-5 times as long as the diameter of the perithecium, hyaline, with a conspicuous, widely spreading fork at the apex, each branch of which is sometimes divided. Ascus globose. Sporidia mostly 18-21 y long. On Hamamelis Virginiana, Massachusetts (Seymour), New York (Peck), Illinois (Waite). An easily recognized species, by the unique character of the tips of the appendages, which approach, though they are easily different from those of Uncinula Aceris. The mycelium shows much more on the upper surface of the leaves, but is also common below. MICROSPHARA, Lév. Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. III, Tome XV, p. 383. Perithecium containing several asci. Appendages free from the mycelium, more or less dichotomously branched at the end. M. Menispérmi, Howe, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, V, p. 3. Epiphyllous. Mycelium rather abundant, thin and widely effused, but thickened in certain circular spots, of which there are usually not more than three or four on a leaf. Perithecia aggregated upon the special denser spots of the mycelium, otherwise remotely scattered, black, very variable in size, 60-115 » diam; appendages not numer- ous, 8-15, rather rigid, tinted at base, exceedingly variable in length and amount of branching, 1-7 times diameter of perithecium in length and 1-7 times dichotomously branched, the branches of the first 23 order short or often much elongated, the others usually short and compact, tips strongly recurved, very ornate. Asci 1-6 or more, vari- able in shape and size. Sporidia 4-6. On Menispermum Canadense. Not frequent. New York to Towa (Holway). Remarkable for the variation in structure and size. In some perithecia only one ascus is found, while in others in the same micro- scopical preparation at least seven have been seen. The appendages on a single perithecium are somewhat equal in length but are often exceedingly variable in the division of the tips. Sometimes there is only a single fork with two equal, straight, obtuse branches and again the exceedingly ornamental tip fills the field of the microscope with its complex scroll-work. M. Rausséllii, Clinton, 26th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 80. Amphigenous. Mycelium inconspicuous. Perithecia small, 75- 100 yp, delicate, reticulations regular, distinct, about 10 #; append- ages 8-18, many times longer than the diameter of the perithecium, colored for half or two thirds of their length, occasionally septate, simple, bifid, or two or three times irregularly branched, branches long, often distorted, tips not swollen or recurved. Asci 4-8. Spo- ridia usually 4, small. On Ozalis violacea, and O. corniculata var. stricta. Not uncom- mon east of the Mississippi; not reported westward. A well charac- terized species. M. Ravenélii, Berk. Grev. IV, p. 160. Amphigenous. Mycelium usually abundant, persistent. Perithe- cia abundant, usually large, 100-130 y, reticulations small and irreg- ular, about 10 »; appendages 10-20, somewhat roughened, usually hyaline, occasionally colored for a distance, the color ending at an abrupt line like a septum, once or twice as long as the diameter of the perithecium, 5-7 times dichotomous, branches short, forming a more or less compact head, tips usually acute and recurved. Asci 6-10, fre- quently 8, ovate, pedicellate, about 45x 60 w. Sporidia 4-6 (Saccardo says 8). On Astragalus adsurgens, Lathyrus palustris, Gleditschia tria- canthos, Vicia Americana, V. Americana var. linearis. Rather common and very widely distributed. It is reported more often from the valley of the Mississippi and westward to Montana and Texas. M. diffusa, C. & P. Erysiphei of U. S. in Journ. of Bot. 1872, 25th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 95. Usually epiphyllous. Perithecia scattered, 90-120 y, dark, opake, reticulations rather obscure, 10-15 y, appendages 15-25, hya- line, or slightly tinted at the base, 2-4 or more times as Jong as the diameter of the perithecium, | to 4 or 5 times irregularly or dichoto- mously branched, branches long and diffusely spreading, not at all swollen or recurved. Asci 4-7, ovate, pedicellate, rather small, 30— 35 x 60-65 y. Sporidia 4-8, mostly 4-5. On Desmodium canescens, D. cuspidatum, D. paniculatum, D. Canadense, D. sessilifolium, Lespedeza, violacea, L. hirta, L. capi- tata, Lathyrus ochroleucus, Vicia, and Phaseolus perennis. Reported from the eastern seacoast to Minnesota (Seymour) and Missouri (Tracy and Galloway). It is abundant und frequent, and though variable is well characterized by the elongated branches of the appendages. M. Grossularie, (Wallr.) Alphitomorpha penicillata var. Grossulavig,Wallr. Verh. Naturf. FreundeI, p. 40, Microsphera Grossularia, Lev. Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. III, T. XV, p. 160. Microsphera Van-Bruntiana, Ger. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. VI, p. 31. Amphigenous. Mycelium thin or rather dense, white, persistent. Perithecia scattered, 75-120 y, reticulations ahout 15 y; appendages 10-20, once to twice as long as the diameter of the perithecium, hya- line or tinted at the base, very conspicuously 4-6 times dichotomously forked, with straight, obtuse digitate branchlets. Asci 3-5. Sporidia 4-6, variable, 15-30 y long. On Ribes rotundifolium, R. fleridum and R..nigrum, Sambucus Canadensis and S. racemosa. Not very uncommon from the Atlantic to Montana (Anderson). The branched tips of the appendages are very characteristic, though the branchlets vary considerably in length. M. Symphoricarpi, Howe, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. V, p. 3. Amphigenous. Mycelium abundant, persistent. Perithecia small, 80-100 yp, delicate, reticulations large, regular, 15-20 »; appendages 8-16, hyaline or slightly colored at base, 2-4 times as long as the diameter of the perithecium, 4-5 times dichotomous, branches short, compact, tips truncate, somewhat swollen, not recurved. Asci 4-10, small, 50 » long. Sporidia 4-6, small and narrow, 10-18 p. On Symphoricarpus vulgaris, S. occidentalis and S. racemosus. Common across the continent. Much like some forms of JZ Vaccinii, but the mycelium is more 25 abundant and the reticulations are larger and more evident. M. semitésa, B. & C. Grey. IV, p. 160. Epiphyllous. Mycelium persistent. Perithecia few, somewhat ageregated, 90-100 y, delicate, reticulations regular and distinct, about 10 #; appendages 12 or more, about equal to the diameter of the perithecium, colored throughout, paler toward the tip, or the color stopping at a distinct line like a septum, 3 or 4 times dichotomously branched, primary branches long, others short, tips obtuse, not re- curved. Asci several. Sporidia small, 10x 15 p. On Cephalanthus occidentalis, rare, Carolina (Curtis)? Ilinois (Waite, Pammel). In the specimens examined, the number of asci varied from four to six, and the sporidia in each seemed to be about six, but were poorly developed. This fact is evidently characteristic of the species, though in some other species the sporidia mature quite as tardily. M. Vaceinii, (Schw.) Erysiphe Vaccinti, Schw. Syn. N. Am, No. 2491. Microspheva Vaccinit, C. & P. Erysiphei of the U. S. in Journ. of Bot. 1872, Amphigenous. Mycelium thin and delicate, often evanescent, or sometimes abundant, persistent. Perithecia variable, often small, 80-90 y, or large, 110-120 yp, fragile; appendages 6-20, hyaline, smooth, slightly colored at base, 2 or 3 to as many as 6 times the diameter of the perithecium, branching various, usually 3 or 4 times forked, with the tips truncate or bifid, not recurved, occasionally more ornate, with tip distinctly recurved. Asci 4-8, small and broad, about 40x 55 ». Sporidia 4-6, small. On Gaylussacia resinosa, Vaccintum Pennsylvanicum, V. Cana- dense, V. vacillans, V. corymbosum, Andromeda, and Epigaa repens. Evidently not often collected. Massachusetts (Seymour) to Illinois; New Jersey (Arthur). This is a variable species, not only in the character of the myce- lium, but in the length and branching of the appendages. In most cases the tips are swollen and not at all recurved. It has sometimes been referred to Hrystphe because the appendages were not found to be forked, but careful search has revealed some forked tips in all the specimens at hand, including those named E’rysiphe by others. More- over, in all cases the appendages are stiff and somewhat straight, not having the floccose character of typical Hrysiphe species. Peck re- ports that he has never seen what has heen called Hrysiphe Vaccinii, Schw., on Hpigaa repens in fruit in New York,.but a specimen col- 4 26 lected in that State showed us perithecia with dichotomously forked appendages. As so many specimens on Vaccingum all prove to be true Microspheera, that. collected by Schweinitz in Pennsylvania evidently was the same thing, hence the synonymy as given above. Micro- sphera Vaccinii is described as a new species in the XXIII Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 65, but though the MS. was completed in 1870, it was not printed until after the publication by Cooke & Peck in Journal of Botany. M. elevata, Burrill, Bull. [1]. St. Lab. Nat. Hist. Vol. I, No.1, p. 58. Mostly epiphyllous. Mycelium abundant, persistent, frequently covering the leaves for some time before the appearance of perithecia, which are usually few, though occasionally abundant, 100-120 yp, re- ticulations large, evident when young; apppendages 6-12, sometimes more, 3-4 times as long as the diameter of the perithecium, hyaline, slightly colored at base, smooth, 2-4 times dichotomous, branches short, not swollen, tips at first truncate, divergent, becoming acute and re- curved. Asci 4-8, ovate, about 33x 60 y. Sporidia 4-6, mostly 4. On Catalpa speciosa and C. bignonioides, not uncommon in Illinois, also collected in Missouri (Demetrio), and New Jersey (Ellis). Probably widely distributed. This sometimes involves the foliage of an entire tree, giving it a gray color noticeable at some distance, and causing the leaves to fall prematurely. M. Euphorbiz, (Peck). Erysiphe Euphorbia, Peck, 26th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 80. Microsphera Euphorbia, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 160, Amphigenous. Mycelium abundant, persistent. Perithecia scat- tered, abundant, usually small, 80-100 yw, but often larger (120 y), texture soft, elastic, reticulations 10-15 y, frequently obscure; append- ages 15-20, very long, 5-6 or more times the diameter of the peri- thecium, hyaline, often slightly tinted at base, irregularly flexnous and often nodularly swollen, at first simple, then part of them bifid or 3 or 4 times dichotomous, branches long, lax, tips sometimes bifid, but not swollen or recurved. Asci 4-8, frequently 6, pedicellate, 35-40 x 65 . Sporidia 4-6. On Luphorbia Preslii, H. marginata, £. corollata. This is a common species throughout the country east of the Rocky Mountains. Easily recognized by its very long, nearly colorless ap- pendages. Hrysiphe H'uphorbie, Peck, is evidently this same thing. The name seems to have been founded upon specimens in which the appendages were not branched. 27 M. Alni, (DC.) Evrysiphe Alni, Betul@, DC, Flore Franc. VI, p. ro4. Alphitomorpha penicillata, Wallr. Verhandl, Naturf. Freunde I, p. 4d. Erysibe pentcillaia, Lk. Spec. Plant. VI, I, p. 113. Erysiphe Viburni, Duby, Bot. Gall. II, p. 872. Erysiphe Ceanotht, Viburnt, Syring@, Schw. N. A. Fungi, pp. 269,270. Microsphara Hedwigti, penicillata, Friesti, Lev. Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. III, Tome XV. Microsphera Platant, Howe, Torr. Bull. V, p. 4. Microspheva Viburnt, Howe, Torr. Bull. 'V, p. 43. Microsphera pulchra, C. & P. Erysiphei of U. S. in Journ. of Bot. 1872. Microsphara Nemopanthis, Peck, 38th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 102. Microsphera Aint, Winter, Die Pilze II. p. 38. Amphigenous. Mycelium often delicate and evanescent, some- times abundant and persistent. Perithecia usually small, 75-100 yp, sometimes larger, 100-130 w, wall tissue compact, rather fragile, re- ticulations not large, 10-15 ; appendages 6 or 8 to 15 or 20, hyaline, usually tinted at base, often somewhat roughened, usually about equal- ing, but varying from less than, to more than twice the diameter of the perithecium, 4-6 times dichotomous, branches varying in length and angle of divergence, but always regular and symmetrical, tips acute, distinctly, often strongly recurved. Asci varying with the size of the perithecium from 2 or 3 to 8 or more, usually 4 or 5, ovate when numerous, suborbicular when few. Sporidia 4-8, variable, mostly small, averaging about 20 p» long. On Llex decidua, Nemopanthes fascicularis, Huonymus atro- purpureus, Celastrus scandens, Ceanothus Americanus, Syringa vulgaris, Cornus stolonifera, C. sericea, C. alternifolia, Viburnum acerifolium, V. pubescens, V. dentatum, V. lentago, V. prunifolium, Lonicera sempervirens, L. Sullivantii, L. hirsuta, L. glauca, An- dromeda ligustrina, Rhododendron nudiflorum, Forestiera acumi- nata, Ulmus Americana, Platanus occidentalis, Juglans cinerea, J. nigra, Carya alba, Betula lenta, B. lutea, B. pumila, Alnus incana, A. serrulata, Corylus Americana, C. rostrata, Ostrya Vir- ginica, Carpinus Caroliniana, Castanea sativa var. Americana, Pagus ferruginea. The forms here included under Jf Alni have been assigned by different authors to various species, distinguished, for the most part, by the number of the asci and sporidia. In all of these forms, the size of the perithecia, even when standing side hy side on the same leaf, is quite variable, and, as a consequence, the number and shape of the asci they contain vary equally widely. Very small perithecia contain only a few (2-4) suborbicular asci, while larger ones contain a greater num- ber, which, owing to lateral crowding, are narrower and longer. The sporidia are by no means constant in number, even in asci from the same perithecium. It is manifestly impossible to maintain specific dis- 28 tinctions based on such variable characteristics, and it becomes neces- sary, as in other genera of the family, to combine these rather widely varying forms. Aside from the number of asci and sporidia, the forms included here do not, however, present any very wide variations. In fact, the branching of the appendages, and the cellular structure of the wall of the perithecium, are strikingly alike in all of them. Specimens on Juglans cinerea and J. nigra, are sometimes very different from the type, having appendages less than the diameter of the perithecium. But on these same hosts other forms imperceptibly grade into the characteristic ones, leaving no room for specific distinction. The form on Syringa is usually known as JZ F’riesiz, Lév., that on Viburnum as M. Viburn?, Howe, that on Platanus as M. Platani, Howe, that on Memopanthes as M. Nemopunthis, Peck, and that on Euonymus as M. Euonymi (DC.) or M. comata, Lév. Others are mostly referred to AZ. penicdllata, Lev. In several American lists and collections we find AL Lonicere, (DC.) or its synonym JZ Dubyi, Lév, In Europe the fungus on species of Lonicera is evidently quite distinct and is appropriately named; but American specimens on our species of this genus of host plants are certainly different. Whatever else we do with them, they must not be confounded with European species on allied hosts. Un- fortunately, no opportunity has been available to examine collections on foreign cultivated species of Lonicera. The parasite on American honeysuckles, is MZ. Alnd, as above described. M. quéreina, (Schw.) Erystphe quercinum, Schw. Syn. N. Am. No. 2492. Microsphera extensa, C. & P. Erysiphei of U. S. in Journ, of Bot. 1872. Microsphera abbreviata, Peck, 28th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 64. Microsphera quercina, Burrill, Bull. 111, State jab. Nat. Hist. II, p. 324. Epiphyllous, hypophyllous, or amphigenous. Mycelium abundant, rather thin and pruinose, forming orbicular patches or spreading over the whole surface of the leaf. Perithecia abundant, scattered, varying from 80-140 y, reticulations evident, small and irregular; appendages less than 20, varying in length from less than, to 4 or 5 times the diameter of the perithecium, tinted at base, smooth or sometimes roughened, usually regularly 5-6 times dichotomous, branches usually short and tips strongly recurved, but presenting many curious and ornate variations caused by the more extended or unequal growth of some of the branches. Asci 3-8, often rupturing by slight pressure. Sporidia 4-8, variable, usually large, 20-30 y long. On Quercus alba, Q. stellata, Q. macrocarpa, Q. lyrata, Q. bi- color, Q. Prinus, Q. rubra, Q. ilicifolia, Q. coccinea, Q. coccinea var. tinctoria, Q. palustris, Q. falcata, Q. Catesbai, Q. aquaticu, Q. nigra, Q. imbricaria, Q. robur. 29 Common on oaks across the continent. A very variable species as here recognized. If it seemed possible it would be much more satisfactory to distribute it under several specific names, some of which are already in use. Often the form on a certain host species is suf: ficiently distinct when considered by itself to merit this treatment. For example the type on Quercus rubra known as M. ewtensa, C. & P., is everywhere on this host sufficiently alike to be easily recognized ; but, upon examining specimens even from the same localities on allied oaks, it soon becomes impossible to find dividing bounds hetween this form and others which at first sight are very different, like that called. MM. abbreviata, Peck on Quercus imbricaria, etc. It must also be acknowledged that it is well nigh impossible to distinguish some forms referred to JZ A/ni from certain specimens placed under JL quereina, except by reference to the host plants. Usually however the latter differs from the former by longer, commonly more numerous appen- dages and larger sporidia. The perithecia also average larger. M. ealocladéphora, Atkinson, in Journ. Elisha Mitchell Soc. VI, WTS. pee densissima, (Schw.) Journ. Mycol. I, p. sor. Hypophyllous. Mycelium thin and diffuse or in dense, orhicular spots. Perithecia black, at length depressed in the center, walls thick, reticulations rather distinct, 100-140 4; appendages not nu- merous, about 7-12, subhyaline, 1-2 times diameter of the perithecium, 2-8 times dichotomously branched, or the axis continuous, bearing two or more sets of opposite branches and the lowermost of these some- times showing the same axial elongation; tips strongly incurved. Asci 4-6. Sporidia granular and nucleate, 6-8, 20-25 y in length. On Quercus aquatica, Q. laurifolia, Florida (Martin), South Car- olina and Alabama (Atkinson). This species is especially distinguished by the peculiar branching of some of the appendages first described by Ellis and Martin (Jour- nal of Mycology I, p. 101), but referred to J densissima, (Schw.) It cannot now be positively ascertained to what Schweinitz applied this name, but his plant was collected at Bethlehem, Pa., upon oak leaves, species not given. This is a strong evidence against his speci- men belonging to the present species. In Cooke and Peck’s Erysi- phei of the United States (1872), J densissima, (Schw.) was identi- fied with a specimen on Quercus tinctoria in New York. This was presumably correct but if so our present species is certainly distinct, as it differs conspicuously from the New York specimens. There can however be no doubt that the description in the Journal of Mycology was drawn from specimens belonging tq this newly named species. (The specimen in Ell. N. A. F. 1238 is Atkinson’s new species.) M. erinedphila, Peck, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. X, p. 75. Mycelium thin. Perithecia 90-100 y, fragile, dark, opake, retic- 30 ulations obscure; appendages few, 8-12, dark colored, except the branches, scarcely equal to the diameter of the perithecium, 4-6 times regularly dichotomous, branches short and rather thick, tips recurved. Asci 5-8, oval or ovate, pedicellate, rather small, 35x 55 4. Sporidia uniformly 8, small. On the “erineum” caused by a Phytoptus (mite), on the lower sides of leaves of Fagus ferruginea. The erineum is usually very common wherever the tree grows, -but the fungus seems to be rare. It has also been collected by Earle in Illinois and Indiana. See Fungi Huropei, No. 3245. M. Astragali, (DC.) Peck reports If, holosericea, (Wallr.) Lév.—a synonym for Astragali—(25th Report N. Y. State Mus., p. 95), on Astragalus Cooperi, but this species does not seem to have been elsewhere col- lected in America. Is it possible that a poorly marked specimen of MM. diffusa was thus identified ? M. Lyeii, (Lasch.) Microsphera Mougeotit, Lev. This is inserted on the sole authority of the publication in Gre- villea IV, p. 160, where the fungus is said to have been found on Des- modium Dillenit. Undoubtedly an incorrect determination. FAMILY. PERISPORIEA, Mostly without any stroma but with a strongly developed, brown, persistent, conidia-bearing mycelium, which, however is sometimes inconspicuous or evanescent. Perithecia spherical or depressed, mem- branaceous or coriaceous, generally astomous, always superficial. This Family is made up of rather heterogeneous material, the dif: ferent members not being closely allied so as to form a well character- ized natural group, as in the preceding family. KEY TO THE GENERA. Mycelium present. : : - : 1. Mycelium scanty or wanting. - - - - - 2 Mycelium black, dense. - - : - 3. 1. Mycelium thin, arachnoid. Saccardia. Mycelium yellow. : - : EL urotium. Mycelium light colored. - - Myriococcum. 2. Perithecia scattered, subglobose. - Perisporium. *Winter, in Die Pilze, includes here also Aspergillus and Penicillium, of which till recent- ly, only the conidial stage was known. In these genera perithecia are wanting, the asci being inclosed in a tuber-like sclerotium which is developed from the mycelium. 31 Perithecia scattered, flattened. Microthyrium. Perithecia stromatic. Lasiobotrys. 3. Perithecia subglobose, appendiculate. Meliola. ‘Perithecia subglobose, not appendiculate. | Déimerosporium. Perithecia flattened. - Asterina. Perithecia elongated, subulate, ete. Capnodium. Mycelium massive, cvarse. Scorias. DIMEROSPORIUM, Fekl. Symb. Myc. p. 89. ‘Perithecia superficial, subglobose, subastomous, membranaceo- carbonaceous. Mycelium copious, black, bearing conidia. Asci short, 8-spored. Sporidia didymous, hyaline or brown. D. puilehrum, Sace. F. Ven. II, p. 299. Apiosporium pulchrum, Sacc. in Thum. M. U. No. 52. Exsicc. Rab. F. E. 2149, 2684.—Thum. 1. c. Mycelium mostly epiphyllous, dark brown, often nearly covering the surface of the leaf. Conidia lateral on the branches of the my- celium, at first spherical with two septa at right angles to each other, and then 4-celled, at length dark brown, many-celled and more irregu- lar in shape, 20-25 diam. With these are also subfalcate, 3-septate, hyaline conidia 35-40 x 8-9 yw, not constricted at the septa. Peri- thecia scattered among the mycelium, clear yellow-brown, 80-100 diam. Asci elliptical, 46 x 30 y, 8-spored. Sporidia elongated-ovate, uniseptate, constricted in the middle, hyaline, 22x11 yp. Only the conidial form has yet been found in this country, but this is quite common west and southwest, from Iowa to Texas, on leaves of Cornus, F'raxinus and other trees. D. Collinsii, (Schw.) Spheria Collinsii, Schw. Syn. N. Am. 1512. Dimerosporium Collinstt, Sace. Syll. I, p. 54. Sbhertia papilionacea, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 106. Sphevia Russelliz, B. & C. Grev. 1. c. (sec. Cke. Grev. XV, p. 82). Exsicc. Thum. M. U. 849.—N. A. F. 488.—Rab. F. E. 3541. Mycelium brown-black, septate, crustaceous, hypophyllous, cover- ing the whole surface. Perithecia black, globose, closely aggregated, 150-166 pw. Asci cylindric-clavate, 8-spored, 45-60 x 10 w. Sporidia hyaline, oval, uniseptate, 2-seriate, 12-15 x 3-4 p. On leaves of Amelanchier Canadensis, and A. alnifolia, New York, Massachusetts, Prince Edward’s Island, and Sierra Nevada Mts., California. 32 D. oredphilum, Speg.* Mich. IT, p. 160. Perithecia gregarious or scattered, superficial, very minute, 110- 120 p, globose, clothed on all sides with short, dark hyphae, scarcely equaling the diameter of the perithecia. Ostiola scarcely discernible. Texture thin, membranaceous, dark brown. ‘Asci cylindric-clavate, rounded above, narrowed below into a very short, nodulose stipe, par- aphysate, 8-spored, 60-65 x 20 w. Sporidia ovoid, uniseptate and con- stricted in the middle, 15-16 x 7-8 y, the upper cell larger, hyaline. On living leaves of Rhododendron Lapponicum, Godhavn, etc., Greenland. D. Ellisii, Sace. Syll. 241. Meliola maculosa, Ell. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, VIII, p. 91. Venturia maculosa, Ell. N. A. F. 200. Spots black, suborbicular, 2-3 mm. diam. Perithecia black, glo- bose, 90-115 y, borne upon a brown, flexuous, remotely septate, mycelium, with a circle of straight, black sete at the base; structure cellular, sete 100x5 y, apices entire. Asci cylindrical, 8-spored, 50-60 » long. Sporidia ellipsoid, didymous, hyaline, mostly uni- seriate, 10-12 x4 yp. On fallen leaves of Andromeda racemosa, Newfield, N. J. D. melioloides, (B. & C.) Asterina melioloides, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 10. (Meliola Baccharidis, B. & Rav. Grev. IV, p. 158)? Perithecia brown-black, globose, rugulose, astomous, epiphyllous, clustered, 80-95 yw, borne on brown, radiating hyphe. Asci cylindric- clavate, 8-spored, 33-40 x 10-13 yw. Sporidia hyaline, subcymbiform, uniseptate, 1-2-seriate, 10x 3 ps. On leaves of Baccharis halimifolia, Florida (Martin). D. orbiculare, (B. & C.) Asterina orbicularis, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 9, Cuban Fungi, 784. Exsicc. Ell. N. A. F. 1362. Mycelium black, branching, remotely septate, adnate, forming orbicular, crustaceous patches, 3-1 cm. diam. Perithecia black, sub- globose, 80-100 » diam., amphigenous, but those on the upper surface are of a dull black color, and often sterile. Spreading from the apex to the circumference, are numerous moniliform threads of subglobose, *This and all other Greenland species hereafter noted in this work were collected along the western coast of Greenland from 1812-1886, mostly by the various expeditions sent out to explore that country; viz. The Nares Arct. Exp., 2d Dutch North Polar Exp., Hammer’s Exp.,'Danish Exp. 1876-79, Fylla Exp. 1884-86, etc., etc., and described by Prof. E. Rostrup in his ‘Fungi Groenlandiz,’’ published at Copenhagen in 1888. 33 dusky cells 10-12 » diam. Asci ovate or obovate, 8-spored. Spo- ridia ovate-oblong, 33-35 x 15-18 y, hyaline at first, then light brown, On leaves of Ilex coriacea and J. opaca, Carolina to Florida. D. erysipheoides, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. 1V, p. 121. (Plate 8) Exsice. Ell. & Evrht N. A. F. 2d Ser. 2341. Amphigenous. Perithecia scattered, astomous, globose, 100-130 ve diam., sparingly clothed with short (30-40 x3 y), erect, spreading hairs, and seated on a rather scanty mycelium of slender, brown, branching hyphe. Asci oblong, subsessile, 35-40 x 12-14 y, with fili- form paraphyses. Sporidia biseriate, acutely elliptical, uniseptate and constricted, each cell with a large nucleus, 15-18 x 6-7 yp. On leaves of Cynodon dactylon, Louisiana (Langlois). With the ascigerous perithecia are many smaller ones (spermo- gonia) containing a few globose, brownish sporules 4-5 y diam. D. Langloisii, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. IT, p. 129. Exsicc. Ell. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1786. Perithecia gregarious, depressed-spherical, rough, black, subasto- mous, 112-120 » diam., seated on a thin mycelium of brown, branch- ing threads, forming small, dark colored patches thickly scattered over the upper surface of the leaf, and giving it a mottled appearance. Asci subsessile, oblong, often inequilateral or bulging on one side, 25-30 x 7-9 yw, without paraphyses. Sporidia biseriate, clavate- oblong, yellowish-brown, 4-nucleate, uniseptate and slightly constricted at the septum, 9-103x4 yw. Some of the perithecia contain oblong- cylindrical, 2-nucleate, subhyaline, 7-8 x2 y stylospores. The peri+ thecia have a radiate-cellular structure. On living leaves of Dianthera humilis, Louisiana (Langlois). D. nimbisum, E & M. Journ. Mycol. IT, p. 129. Mycelium composed of prostrate, brown, branching, septate threads, with short, erect branches bearing oblong-clavate, 3-4-septate, brown conidia 35-40 x 6-8 », and longer (70-80 x 5-6 y), erect, straight, septate, opake, sterile branches, the whole forming orbicular, veluti- nous, black patches 4-1 cm. across, mostly soon confluent, extending along and enveloping the stem for 5 cm. or more. The mycelium finally disappears, leaving a black, smooth, shining surface. Perithecia collected mostly in the center of the spots, erumpent, conical, black, carbonaceo-membranaceous, rough. about 4 mm. broad and_ high, sometimes imperfectly sulcate-striate around the prominent, mammose ostiolum. Asci subcylindrical, 70-80 x 10-14 y, nearly sessile, sur- ° rounded with abundant filiform paraphyses and containing 8 biseriate, 5 34 oblong-cylindrical, 16-20 x 5-6 y sporidia yellowish and 2-nucleate at first, finally brown and uniseptate, and more or less constricted at the septum. On living stems of Smilax, near Jacksonville, Florida (Calkins). Mystrosporium aterrimum, B. & C., appears to be the conidial stage. D. Sparting, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. II, p. 102. The mycelium forms small (2-4 mm. long), oblong or elliptical, black patches consisting of a thick growth of erect, simple, septate, subnodulose, sterile hyphe, nearly hyaline at first, but soon opake, 130-175 x 6-9 yw, and pale yellowish, prostrate hyphx, producing fusoid-cylindrical or subfaleate, nucleate conidia 40-60x3 yp. Nest- ling among the sterile hyphe are black, membranaceous, subovate perithecia 3-4 mm. diam., with a very large opening above. Asci clavate-cylindrical, 75x15 y, with imperfectly developed paraphyses. Sporidia 8 in an ascus, oblong-cylindrical, yellowish (nearly hyaline), slightly curved, 3—4-nucleate, becoming uniseptate, 18-20x4-5 yp. Some sporidia were seen imperfectly 3-septate, but. one septum seems to be the normal.state. This is remarkable for the large apical open- ing more like a half-grown Cenangium than like an ostiolum. On dead sheaths of Spartina polystachya, Louisiana (Langlois). D. capnoides, (EI1.) Asterina capnoides, Ell. Am. Nat. 1883, p. 318. Mycelium brown-black, branching, septate, epiphyllous. Co- nidia brown, ovate, uniseptate, 10-12x 6 #. Macroconidia brown, ped- icellate, submuriform, 3-septate, 35x15 yw. Perithecia brown-black, subglobose, 50-100 » diam. Asci oblong-ovate, sessile, 8-spored, 35-40 x 11-16 ». Sporidia hyaline, subcymbiform, uniseptate, 2-seri- ate, 10-17 x 4-6 yp. On living leaves of Asclepias Cornuti, Kansas. D. conglobatum, (B. & C.) Asterina conglobata, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 9. Perithecia hypophyllous, globose, about 50 », astomous, coarsely cellular, membranaceous, in compact, subconfluent groups of 4-6 on a subcrustaceous mycelium. Asci obovate, 20-25 x 10 yw, without par- aphyses. Sporidia oblong, uniseptate, hyaline, 6-8 x 2-24 yp. Description made out from specimens sent from Maine by Rev. Jos. Blake, on leaves of Arbutus Uva-Ursi. 35 D. xylégenum, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. II, p. 102. Perithecia superficial, scattered, depressed-hemispherical, rough, 165-250 » diain., with an obscure, papilliform ostiolum. Asci obovate, contracted below into a short stipe, 35-40 x 20-24 y, without par- aphyses, and containing 8 oblong-elliptical, uniseptate, granular, sub- hyaline, 15-16 x 8 » sporidia. On decaying wood of Salix, Louisiana (Langlois). Differs from the usual type of Asterina and Dimerosporium in its habitat, and the absence of any definite mycelium. D. anédmalum, (Cke. & Hark.) Asterina anomala, Cke. & Hark. Grev. IX, p. 87. “ Fiffused,. black, velvety. Perithecia hemispherical or globose- depressed. Mycelium intricate, brown, with erect, rigid, scattered. sete. Asci clavate. Sporidia biseriate, lanceolate, 1-5-septate, hya- line, 20-22x4 yw. Perithecia 80 » diam.; sete about twice as long.” On living laurel leaves, California. Dimerosporium Populi, E. & E., mentioned in Journ. Mycol. V. p. 81, was not published on account of the specc. proving unsatis- factory. ASTERINA, Lév. Ann. Sci. Nat. 1845, III, p. 59. Perithecia globose-depressed or lenticular, membranaceous, sub- astomous, seated on spots of black, radiating, subsuperficial (rarely subinnate) mycelium. Asci typically short and thick, mostly 8-spored. Sporidia two-celled, pluriseptate or continuous, hyaline or brown. The perithecia vary from an entire membranaceous sac to a mere covering of coalesced, radiating hyphae, and the mycelium, which typically forms black spots, is often light colored, scant, evanescent or entirely wanting. The genus therefore contains some species nearly approaching Spherella and Microthyriwm on the one hand, and Ascomycetella on the other. A. Perithecia seated on a distinctly developed mycelium. A. rubicola, E. & E. (in Herb.) .Perithecia epiphylious, erumpent-superficial, single or 2-3 to- gether, conic-hemispherical, membranaceous, 75-100 » diam., with a distinct ostiolum. Asci oblong, sessile, 35-45 x 12-15 yw, with obscure paraphyses. Sporidia biseriate, ovate-elliptical, yellowish-brown, uni- septate, constricted at the septum, rounded at the ends, 12-15 x 6-8 yp. On leaves of Rubus strigosus and FR. occidentalis, Canada and ‘Wisconsin. 36 A. aliéna, Ell. & Galw. (in Herb.) Mycelium crustaceous, forming subelliptical patches, }-1xj-dom., on dead areas of the leaf which are separated from the living part by a narrow, reddish border. Perithecia amphigenous, lenticular, sub- confluent, 150-200 yw diam., of cellular-fibrous structure, with a reticu- late-fimbriate margin. Asci at first ovate, finally subelongated, 50- 60x20 y, short-stipitate, 8-spored. Sporidia inordinate, obovate, granular, hyaline, (becoming uniseptate)? 13-15 x4-5 p. On leaves of pineapple (cult.), Washington, D. C. A. (Asterélla) Chamenérii, Rostr. Fungi Gronl. p. 545 (No. 1065), Spots black, amphigenous or caulicolous, 3-4 mm. across. My- celium subsuperficial, pseudoparenchymatic, margin radiate. Peri- thecia globose-depressed, subastomous, lying in the central part of the mycelium. Asci ovate-cylindrical, 50-60 x 12-14 yw. Sporidia oblong clavate, hyaline, unequally uniseptate, the upper cell three times larger than the lower, nucleate, 16-20 x 6-7 y. On partly living stems and leaves of Chamcenerium latifolium, Sukkertoppen, etc., Greenland. A. picea, B. & €. Linn. Journ. X, p. 374. Perithecia epiphyllous, hemispherical, collapsing, about 150 p diam., seated 4-8 together on small (1-13 mm.), orbicular patches of black, crustose mycelium. Asci oblong, 40-50 x 10-12 yp, without paraphyses. Sporidia biseriate, brown, clavate-oblong, uniseptate and constricted, 10-12 x 3-4 p. On dead leaves of Magnolia, Louisiana (Langlois). The patches of mycelium are at first covered by the cuticle of the leaf, which gives them a shining appearance, but when the cuticle is thrown off the mycelium is of a dead black color. A. nitda, Pk. 38th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 102. Mycelium brown, branching, scanty. Perithecia black, at first subglobose, afterwards depressed, thickly clustered near the midrib, mostly hypophyllous, 75-100 » diam. Asci oblong or subcylindrical, 8-spored, 35-40 x 12 w. Sporidia oblong, hyaline, uniseptate, biseriate, 10-12 x 8-4 yp. On dead leaves of Abies balsamea, Adirondack Mts., N. Y. A. delitéscens, E. & M. Am. Nat. 17, p. 1284. (Plate 6) Exsicc. Ell. N. A. F. No, 1291. Mycelium thin, black, epiphyllous, forming small (2-4 mm.), orbicular patches composed of much branched, closely appressed 37 hyphe, on which are seated the flattened, crowded perithecia 75- 100 y diam, of radiate-cellular structure. Asci obovoid or subglobose, 8-spored, 30-35 x 18-22 4. Sporidia subhyaline, ovate-oblong, unisep- tate, 15-18 x 6-7 p. On living leaves of Persea palustris, Florida (Martin). A. pelliculosa, Berk. Ant. Voyage, Crypt. p. 137. Exsicc, Rav. F. Am. 75. Mycelium epiphyllous, radiate and branching in a dendroid man- ner, forming black, suborbicular patches 3-1 cm. diam., often more or less confluent. Perithecia seated on thickened portions of the main branches of the mycelium, depressed-hemispherical, imperfectly col- lapsed above. Asci subglobose, 50-60 y diam., 8-spored. Sporidia oblong-elliptical, uniseptate and constricted, hyaline, 25x19 y# (16- 20 » long, Sacc.) becoming dark brown, about the same as in Déimero- sporium orbiculare. On leaves of Ilex coriacea, Florida (Ravenel). A. paupéreula, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. IV, p. 121. Epiphyllous. -Perithecia scutellate, brownish-black, 90-120 pu diam., seated on and surrounded by a thin network of brown, branch- ing mycelium. Asci subelliptical, 22-25 x 12-15 yp, contracted below into a short, stipe-like base, 8-spored. Sporidia crowded, fusoid, hya- line, uniseptate, 12-15 x 2 p. On living leaves of Jacquinia armillaris, Florida (Curtis, com. A. Commons). B. Mycelium a marginal fringe around the base of the perithecia. A. discoidea, E. & M. Am. Nat. 18, p. 1148. Perithecia hypophyllous, orbicular, slightly depressed in the cen- ter, olivaceous, thin, 500-800 » diam., with an indistinct, reticulated margin. Asci obovate or globose, 30-40 x 30-35 p. Sporidia crowd- ed, clavate-oblong, uniseptate, 12-16 x 4-5 ys. On living leaves of Quercus laurifolia and of Olea Americana, Florida (Martin). This may not be distinct from A. oleina, Cke., but as that species was described and distributed in an immature state, it is now impos- sible to decide. A. cupréssina, Cke. Grev. VI, p. 17. Venturia cupressina, Rehm Asc. 494. Exsice. Ell. N. A. F. 160, §00.—Thum. M. U. 1543. Mycelium nearly obsolete. Perithecia dark brown, hemispherical or lenticular, adnate, perforated above, 185-200 y» diam., with a short, 38 scanty fringe of mycelium around the base. Asci cylindrie-clavate, 60-75 x 10-12 y, short-stipitate, 8-spored. Sporidia biseriate, wi- septate, upper cell broadest, often with a small nucleus in each cell, sometimes oblique or uniseriate, pale yellowish-brown, 12-15 x 6-1 p, On dead foliage of Cupressus thyoides, Newfield, N. J. Sometimes there are a few scattered bristles on the perithecia, and some of them are filled with a mass of minute, oblong, hyaline spermatia, while others contain brown, elliptical stylospores (Sphe- ropsis) 20x10 p. A. Ilieis, Ell. Am. Nat. 17, p. 319. Exsice. Ell. N. A. F. No. 1357. Perithecia brown-black, hypophyllous, scattered, adnate, at first hemispherical, then flattened and depressed, 100-120 y» diam., witha circular opening, forming a disc of brown, interlacing hyphe, covering the nucleus and forming a narrow margin beyond. sci obovate, 8-spored, 22-30 x 9-15 w. Sporidia biseriate, subhyaline, oblong, uni- septate, 11 x4 yp. On living leaves of Ilex glabra, Newfield, N. J. A. intricata, E. & M. Journ. Mycol. I, p. 136. Mycelium pale, scanty, evanescent. Perithecia brown, flat, or- bicular, soft, very thin, hypophyllous, 500 » diam. Asci globose, stipitate, 18x 15-18 ». Sporidia hyaline, obovate or ovate, unisep- tate, 7-12 x 2-3 yp. On living leaves of Quercus arenariu, Florida (Martin). A. patelloides, E. & M. Journ. Mycol. I, p. 136. Asterina erysipheoides, ER. & M. Ell. N. A. F. No. 1358. Perithecia dark brown, soft, orbicular, flattened, depressed in the center, liypophyllous, 275-300 y» diam., with a narrow border of scanty, radiating, pale mycelium. Asci ovate or ovate-oblong, 8-spored, 36 x 15 ». Sporidia obovate, 2-seriate, uniseptate, hyaline, 12-15 x 44-5 yw. Like the preceding species, closely allied to Ascomycetella. On living leaves of Quercus laurifolia, Florida (Martin). A. carnea, E. & M. Am. Nat. 17, p. 1284. Exsice. Ell. N. A. F. No. 1290. Mycelium thin, brown, hypophyllous, adnate, mostly near the mar- gin of the leaf or in orbicular spots about 5 mm. diam. Perithecia flesh-colored, flattened, soft, crowded, 60-100 » diam. Asci obovate, sessile, 8-spored, 30-40 x 22-35 yw. Sporidia subhyaline, ovate, 2- celled, uniseptate, 16-17x 7-8 p. On Persea palustris, Florida (Martin). 39 A. Celastri, E. & K. Journ. Mycol. I, p. 3. Perithecia hypophyllous, in groups or‘scattered, convex, orbicular, black, 250 yw diam., with brown, radiating threads of mycelium around the base. Asci oblong-ovate, 12-15x 6-7 yw, filled with granular matter. The parts of the leaf occupied by the groups of perithecia are a little darker than the surrounding portions. On living leaves of Celastrus scandens, Kansas. The specc. examined were immature. A. comata, B. & Rav. Grev. IV, p. 10. Exsice. Rav. F. Am. 73.—Ell, & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 2339.—-Roum. F. G. 5036. Perithecia epiphyllous, superficial, scattered, large (3-3 mm. diam.), depressed-hemispherical, clothed with black, spreading, subfasciculate, bristle-like hairs which are deflexed above, leaving the variously rup- tured ostiolum bare. Asci oblong, 70-75 x 20 w. Sporidia biseriate, clavate-oblong, hyaline at first, then brown, about 20 x 5-7 yw, unisep- tate. On leaves of various species of Magnolia in the Southern States. Otten sterile. A. pinastri, Sace. & Ell. Mich. IT, p. 567. Parodiella rigida, KE, & E, Journ, Mycol. IV, p. 62. Exsicc. Ell. N. A. F. 789. Perithecia gregarious, superficial, depressed-spherical, roughish, without any prominent ostiolum, 100-120 y diam., with a sparing, brown, creeping mycelium around the base. Asci oblong, sessile, 60- 70x12-15 yw, very evanescent. Paraphyses (?). Sporidia subbise- riate, ovate-oblong, brown, uniseptate and deeply constricted (the two cells sometimes separating), 15-20 x 7-9 4. Spermogonia similar, with hyaline, oblong sporules 15-18 x 7-8 y, with a large central nucleus. On dead leaves of Pinus rigida, still attached to- limbs cut off about eighteen months ago, Newfield, N. J., April 26, 1888. A. tenélla, Cke. Grev. XIII, p. 67. “ Epiphyllous, effused, thin, black. Perithecia minute, 220-300 pz diam., applanate, mingled with brown, creeping mycelium. Asci saccate, 4-8-spored. Sporidia 28-30 x 12-14 yw, in the 8-spored asci, 40 x 22 w» in the 4-spored, light brown.” On Persea Caroliniensis, Carolina. A. Xerophylli, Ell. Am. Nat. 17, p. 319. Mycelium scanty. Perithecia entirely superficial, orbicular or subelongated, slightly depressed, 167 # diam. Asci obovate, 35 x 15 y, 40 contracted‘into a thick, stipe-like base. Sporidia hyaline, fusiform ot clavate-fusiform, faintly 3-septate, 18-20 x 8-34 p. On fading leaves of Xerophyllum asphodeloides, New Jersey. A. lepidigenoides, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. IV, p. 121. Mycelium obsolete. Perithecia hypophyllous, scattered, attached to the scales on the leaf, small, pierced above, scutellate. Asci oblong, sessile, 60x12 yw, mostly broader below. Sporidia biseriate, fusoid, 8-septate, hyaline, 12-14x 2-24 yw. On living leaves of Capparis Jamaicensis, Key West, Florida (Coll. A. H. Curtis, Com. A. Commons). Closely allied to A. lepidigena, E. & E., but differs in its smaller perithecia, longer asci, and 3-septate sporidia. A. decélorans, B. & (. Grev. IV, p. 9. “Spots orbicular, red, undulate, bullate. Mycelium scanty, con sisting of a few moniliform threads and others entire. Perithecia punctiform. Asci short, oblong. Sporidia uniseptate, 10 » long.” On an unknown leaf, New Jersey. A. cuticulosa, Cke. Grev. VII, p. 49. Exsicc. Rav. F, Am, No. 328. Perithecia brown, orbicular, applanate, adnate, hypophyllous, clustered near the margin of the leaf, 500-800 y» diam., structure cellular-membranaceous. Mycelium scanty. Asci globose, 25 diam. Sporidia elliptical, ends obtuse, uniseptate, subconstricted, hyaline, 10x5 yw. A somewhat abnormal species. On leaves of IZew opaca, Georgia (Ravenel). A. plantiginis, Ell. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 9, p. 74. Exsice. Ell. N. A. F. No. 790. Spots brownish, immarginate. Perithecia brown-black, subglo- bose, membranaceous, innate, clustered in the spots, mostly epiphyllous. 70-80 y. Asci ovate, 26-33x 13-16 y. Sporidia hyaline, oblong, obtuse, uniseptate, slightly constricted in the middle, or 2-nucleate, 9-10 x 3-5 yp. On living leaves of Plantago major, Philadelphia, Pa., and New- field, N. J. Approaches Spheerella. ; A. ramularis, Ell. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 9, p. 20. Exsicc. Ell. N. A. F. No. 720. Mycelium pale, subhyaline, very scanty. Perithecia flattened, orbicular, clustered, frequently coalescing, subinnate, 250-300 pz, con- sisting of dark brown, moniliform hyphz covering the nucleus, obsolete beneath, mostly sterile. Asci oblong, spore-bearing portion 50x 25 p. 41 Sporidia pale, crowded, elliptical, coarsely granular, about 15x10 yp, with 1-2 large vacuoles at first. On dead twigs of Lindera Benzoin, West Chester, Pa. (Everhart). A. minor, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. I, p. 42. Perithecia applanate, superficial, orbicular, } mm. diam., black,. mycelium obsolete. Asci obovate, 25-30x 12-15 ». Sporidia crowd- ed, oblong-obovate, uniseptate, yellowish, 10-13 x 3-34 y» (becoming brown?). Differs from A. ramularis, Ell., in its smaller perithecia and sporidia. On dead twigs, Texas (Ravenel). A. inquinans, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. III, p, 41. Exsicc. Ell. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1785, Perithecia scutelliform, black, umbonate, of radiate-cellular struc- ture, the marginal cells subelongated and slightly enlarged at their extremities. Asci ovate or obovate, 35-40 x 18-22 w, contracted at the base into a short stipe. Sporidia irregularly crowded, ovate- elliptical or oblong-elliptical, yellowish and faintly uniseptate(?), 10- 12x5-T pw. The perithecia are thickly scattered over both surfaces of the leaf, and look much like the masses of exuded spores of some Pestalozzia or Melanconium. On dead leaves of Sabal Palmetto, Louisiana (Langlois). A. lepidigena, E. & M. Am. Nat. 18, p. 1148. Exsicc. Ell. N. A. F. No. 1361. Mycelium hyaline, scanty, hypophyllous. Perithecia black, sub- globose, at length flat, very thin and fragile, 200-300 » diam. Asci ovate, 8-spored, 30x15 or 42x12 yw. Sporidia obovate, uniseptate, 12x4 py. Attached to the epidermal scales on old, living leaves of Androm- eda ferruginea, Florida (Martin). A. pustolata, E. & M. Am. Nat. 18, p. 1148. Exsice. Ell. & Evrht. N. A. F. 2d Ser. 1543. , Perithecia brown, soft, flattened, hypophyllous, adnate, 200-500 diam., consisting of a membranaceous disk of brown, branching, coa- lesced hyphx, covering the nucleus and forming a narrow border beyond. Asci subglobose, 8-spored, 50-60 diam. Sporidia hyaline, obovate, uniseptate, 30-40 x 10-12 yp. On living leaves of Quercus laurifolia, Florida. A. stomatéphora, E. & M. Journ. Mycol. J, p. 98. Perithecia lenticular, scattered, small, 170-185 » diam., with a 6 42 thin, reticulated margin, and indistinctly perforated in the center; texture cellular. Asci 30-35x 6-8 y, oblong, rather broader below and abruptly contracted into a short, stipitate hase. Paraphyses none. Sporidia biseriate, oblong, uniseptate, rather narrower and more acute at the lower end, 7-12 x 24-3 y, hyaline. When the perithecium is removed from the leaf, a piece of the epidermis often adheres to its lower surface, so that under the microscope the stomata are visible through the thin edge of the perithecium, appearing as if they actually formed a part of it. It is to be noted that in this and most of the other species with flattened perithecia, the wall of the perithecium is nearly obsolete below, so that the perithecium is in fact hardly more than a shield-like disk covering the asci. On living leaves of Quercus laurifolia, Florida (Martin). A. subeyanea, E. & M. Am. Nat. 18, p. 1148. Exsicc. Ell. N. A. F. No. 1360, Perithecia hypophyllous, convex, depressed, ostiolate, obsolete beneath, 250-300 yw diam., subglobose, composed of dark greenish-blue cells 5-7 » diain., which cover the nucleus and extend beyond ina thin, membranaceous border closely adnate to the leaf. Ostiolum papilliform, collapsing, with a broad, circular opening when dry. Asci slightly narrower at each end, sessile, 8-spored, 75x15 4. Sporidia hyaline, oblong-clavate, uniseptate, 2-seriate, 20x 4-7 yp. On living leaves of Quercus laurifolia, Florida (Martin). A. Gaulthéria, Curtis, (in Herb. Curtis). Exsicc. Ell. N. A. F. No. 1358. Perithecia brown-black, flattened, slightly elevated in the center, hypophyllous, scattered, 170-250 » diam., surrounded by a narrow border of brown, branching mycelium. Asci ovate, 22-25 x 13-16 yp. Sporidia hyaline, obovate, uniseptate, the upper cell larger, 9x3 p. On living leaves of Gaultheria procumbens, common. A. Pearsoni, E. & M. Journ. Mycol. I, p. 92. Perithecia minute (100 y), flat, superficial, obscurely perforated above, of close, cellular structure, with a scanty, subradiating mycelium around the margin. Asci oblong, obtuse, sessile, 40x15 , without paraphyses. Sporidia biseriate, clavate-oblong, granular, becoming uniseptate and slightly constricted at the septa, 15-20 x 34-41 y, acute below, obtuse above, hyaline. On blackberry canes, Vineland, N. J. (Pearson). 43 A. Bignonia, EF. & E. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. July, 1890. Perithecia hypophyllous, thin membranaceous, 115 » diam., sub- hemispherical, becoming slightly depressed above, thickly scattered over the surface of the leaf. Ostiolum papilliform. Asci obovate, 20x 15 y, or elongated to 30x15 y, without paraphyses. Sporidia 8, cla vate-oblong, uniseptate, hyaline, scarcely constricted, 10-12 x 34 p. On leaves of Bignonia capreolata, Louisiana (Langlois). A. purpitrea, E. & M. Journ. Mycol. II, p. 128. Perithecia hypophyllous, convex-scutellate, scattered or gregarious, often collected along the midrib towards the base of the leaf, subasto- mous, of radiate-cellular structure, 130-150 » diam., margined with a narrow fringe of pale purplish-black hyphe closely appressed to the surface of the leaf, which is of a reddish-purple tint for a little distance around. Asci obovate, 30-35 x 18-22 yw, 8-spored. Sporidia crowded, ovate-oblong or oblong-elliptical, 12-16 x 5-6 yw, hyaline, with the endochrome three times divided, and often one of the cells with an imperfect longitudinal division, thus varying from the usual type. -On leaves of Olea Americana, Florida (Calkins). A. clavuligera, Cke. Grev. VI, p. 142. Exsicc. Rav. F. Am. 76. Mycelium dark brown. Conidia elliptical, brown, white-banded, (“albo-fasciatis”’), septate, constricted in the middle, pedicels elongated, hyaline. Perithecia scutellate. Asci subglobose, apiculate at the base. Sporidia elliptical (immature). Dr. Martin, in Journ. Mycol- I, p. 145, states that the sporidia are oval or obovate, uniseptate, hya- line, 21x6 yw. We have seen no specimen except that in Rav. F. Am. and that is without perithecia. C. Species not well-known. A. oléina, Cke. Grev. XI, p. 38. Exsicc. Rav. F. Am. No. 757. Perithecia hypophyllous, scattered, flattened, discoid with a narrow margin of brown, radiating hyphe. Asci clavate, 24-30x 9 -10 yp. “Sporidia hyaline, small, uniseptate, (immature). Pycnidia similar but smaller, stylospores minute, oval, hyaline, 5 » long.” (Cke.) On leaves of Olea Americana, Georgia. A. nigérrima, Ell. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, VIII, p. 91. The specimens of this species are poor and unsatisfactory, and its habitat (old decaying stems of #’rigeron) indicates that it can hardly belong here. A. diplodioides, B.-& C. Grev. IV, p. 9. “Spots orbicular, mycelium interrupted. Perithecia minute, Sporidia oblong, obtuse, uniseptate, light brown, 8 long.” On leaves of Andromeda acuminata, Alabama. A. spurea, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 9. “Perithecia scattered, dot-like, surrounded by short, articulated, submoniliform, radiating threads, which are joined together laterally in twos, sometimes forked at the apex.” On leaves and stems of Hyptis radiata, Carolina and Alabama. A. Wrightii, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 10. “Mycelium very thin. Perithecia brown, granalar, crowded, like little grains of gunpowder, surrounded by cirrhate threads. Asc clavate, short,” Texas (C. Wright.) “Apparently on some smooth Cucurbit.” A. congregata, B. & C. N. Pac. Expl. Exp. p. 129, No. 169. — Perithecia very small, shining, gregarious. Mycelium (subicu- lum) very scanty, mouth round. Asci yellowish (“ helvolus”). Spo- ridia narrow. On leaves, Nicaragua. With the habit of Spherella maculiformis. A. bullata, B. & C. N. Pac. Expl. Exp. p. 129, No. 170. Spots prbicular, on projecting portions of the matrix, hypha inter- woven into a compact but thin, and here and there cellulose stratum. Perithecia prominent, scutellate, margin fimbriate. On leaves, Nicaragua. With the habit of Strigula. A. ostiolata, B. & C. N. Pac. Expl. Exp. p. 129, No. 166. Punctiform, black. Ostiolum distinct, papilliform. Mycelium reduced to a mere border around the perithecia (“subiculo nullo nisi peritheciali.”) : On the upper surface of leaves with Cephaleurus virescens, Nicaragua. MICROTHYRIUM, Desm. Aun. Sci. Nat. XV, p. 137. Perithecia superficial, fat or plano-convex, membranaceous, per- forated in the center, margin subfimbriate. Asci mostly obovate, 8-spored, without paraphyses. Sporidia oblong or fusoid, continuous or uniseptate, hyaline. 45 M. Smilacis, De Not. Micr. Dec. IV, p. 22. Mytocopron Smilacis, Sace, Syll, II, p. 660, Exsicc. Rabh. Herb. Myc. 654.—Rehm. Ascom. 447,—Thum. M. U. 1448.—Ell. N. A. F. 600, Perithecia superficial, flat, orbicular, 3-? mm. diam., often con- fluent, forming a continuous, rough, black crust. Asci oblong or ovate, 50-60 x 18-20 » (10x6 yp, Sacec.) Sporidia biseriate, ovate-elliptical, 1-celled, hyaline, 12-18 x 8-10 uw. On dead stems of Smélax, common. M. microseépicum, Desm. Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. II, XV, p. 138. Sacc. Fungi Italici, tab. 562. Exsicc. Rab. F. E. 967, 1963, 2943. Perithecia flattened, brown, about 150 yw diam., pierced in the center, margin subfimbriate. Asci clavate-oblong, sessile, 8-spored, 25-30 x T-9 yw. Sporidia biseriate or irregularly crowded, elongated- ovate, subinequilateral, hyaline, and when mature, with a septum near the lower end, 8-10 x 3-33 yp. On dead dry leaves of Azalea and Myrica, New Jersey. Prob- ably common in other sections and on other leaves. M. Pinastri, Fckl. and MM litigiosum, Sacc. should also be found in this country as their spermogonial stage is often met with. MELIOLA, Fr. Elench. Fung. II, p. 109, Perithecia globose, astomous, membranaceous, surrounded by stout, bristle-like, simple or branched appendages, and seated on orbic- ular patches of radiately-branched, or subcrustaceous mycelium. Asci mostly short and thick, 2-8-spored; paraphyses none. Sporidia ob- long, 2-5-septate, dark, exceptionally hyaline, continuous or fenestrate. A. Sporidia 4-septate. M. amphitricha, Fr. Elench. Fung. IJ, p. 109. See also Grev. XI, p. 37.—Mont. Cuba, p. 326.—Revue Mycol. 1888, p. 134.—Journ. Mycol. I, p. 146. Syn. Spheria amphitricha, Fr. S. M. II, p. 513. Meliola tenuis, B. & C. (sec. Cooke, Grev. VII, p. 49). Rav. F. Am. 83.—EIL N. A. F. 1296. Spots black, crustaceous, orbicular, often confluent, amphigenous, but mostly hypophyllous, mycelium brown-black, remotely septate, radiating, with short, pyriform, uniseptate, alternate branches (hypho- podia). Perithecia black, globose, then depressed and at length col- lapsing, rugulose, 200-300 y diam., surrounded by black, opake, rigid, erect, entire sete 300-500 x 9-12 yw. Asci oval, 2-spored, evanescent. Sporidia oblong, dusky, 3-septate, .onstr.cted at the septa, 50-60 x 16 -24 yp. 46 On Persea Olea Americana, Magnolia, &c., Carolina to Louisi- ana. M. fureata, Lev. Ann. Sci. Nat. 1846, p. 266. (Plate 5) Bornet Org. des Mel. tab. 22, fig. 14. Perithecia black, wrinkled, globose, 200-250 » diam., surrounded by numerous, erect, dark brown, continuous or obscurely septate appendages 10-12 y thick, divided at the tip into two recurved spreading branches 30-40 y long, and each with 2-3 divergent lobes 10-15 w long. Mycelium forming round, black patches, 2-6 mm. in diam., scattered or confluent, composed of brown, radiating, septate hyphe 8-10 » thick, with short, alternate, two-celled branches (hypho- podia), the lower cell short and cylindrical, the upper globose or ovoid and longer. Asci 2-4-spored. Sporidia brown, cylindrical, 4-septate, slightly constricted at the septa, rounded at the ends, 35-45 x 14-16 p. The foregoing description is from specimens in the Herb. of the U. 8. Dept. of Ag. Washington, D. C., collected by Wright in Nicar- agua, on some coriaceous leaf. N. A. F. 1297 (a & 6) are MU. biden- tata, Cke., and 1297 (c) is IZ palmicola, Winter. M. Cookeana, Speg. F. Arg. Pug. IV, p. 42. Meliola amphitricha, Fr. Ravenel F. Am. No, 84, and Ellis N. A. F. No, 1295. Mycelium amphigenous, broadly and irregularly effused, subcrus- taceous, black, easily separating when mature, hyphe thick, branching, intricate, remotely septate. Hyphopodia short-pyriform, uniseptate; hyphe few, rigid, often only in a circle around the perithecia, 120-250 x 8-10 y, apices entire. Perithecia scattered or aggregated, globose, black, carbonaceous, bald, not collapsing, scaly, granular, 150-200 » diam. Asci elliptical, short and thick, stipitate, 2-spored, often immature. Sporidia at first hyaline, then brown, oblong, 4-sep- tate, constricted at the septa, 30-40 x 10-12 yw. On living leaves of Callicarpa Americana, Florida. M. bidentata, Cke. Grev. XI, p. 37. (Plate 5) Exsicc. Rav. F. Am, 330.—Ell. N. A. F. 1297 a G 6.—Rabh. Winter Fungi, 3546. Perithecia globose, (150 y). Appendages few, erect, 2—4-cleft at the tips. Asci saccate. Sporidia oblong-cylindrical, 3-septate, slightly constricted at the septa, rounded at the ends, brown, 45-50 x 16-18 yp, usually two in an ascus. On leaves of Bignonia capreolata, Carolina to Texas. M. palmicola, Winter, Rabh-Winter, Fungi Eur. 3547. (Plate 5) Exsicc. Ell. N. A. F. 1297 c.—Rav. F. Am, 81.—Rabh-Winter F. E. 2846, 3547 Mycelium forming irregularly rounded spots 1-15 mm. broad, 47 amphigenous, black, at length broadly confluent, formed of loosely branched, interwoven, creeping hyphe 10-11 » thick. Hyphopodia scattered, capitate, generally entire or a little crenate, often curved, with a short, cylindrical stipe. Bristles numerous, erect, straight, tips di-trichotomously divided, the branches again sometimes bifid, or more rarely with 3-4 short branches near the apex. Perithecia gregarious, globose, tardily collapsing, rough, black, 175-240 pw diam. Asci evanescent. Sporidia cylindrical, rounded at the ends, 4-septate, constricted at the septa, dark, the middle cell mostly swollen, 52-62 x 19-23 yp. On leaves of Sabal serrulata, Florida to Louisiana and Texas. B. Sporidia 3-5-septate. M. eryptocdrpa, E. & M. Am. Nat. 17, p. 1284. Exsice Ell. N. A. F. No. 1293. Spots tomentose, mostly epiphyllous, suborbicular, 2-4 mm. diam., numerous and often confluent. Mycelium pale brown, creeping, sep- tate, irregularly branched, bearing numerous, oblong-fusiform conidia, which are pale brown, 3—-4-septate, 30-40 x 5-9 yw, obtuse or acute above, and contracted below into a short, hyaline stipe. Erect bristles abundant, simple, multiseptate, black, tips entire and paler. Perithecia black, subglobose, not abundant and often sterile, 180-200 yz diam., collapsing, surrounded at base with a few diverging, brown, septate appendages, which, like the bristles, are more or less crisped or undulate above. Asci oblong-ovate, 8-spored. Sporidia brown, oblong or oblong-clavate, 2-seriate, 3-5-septate, 30-50 x 10-12 yu. On leaves of Gordonia lasianthus, Florida (Martin). M. manea, E. & M. Am. Nat. 17, p. 1284. Meliola sanguinea, EK. & KE. Journ, Myc. II, p. 42. Exsicc. Ell. N. A. F. 1292. ° Perithecia membranaceous, 4-4 mm. diam., subastomous, smooth, or at least without any bristle-like appendages, mostly epiphyllous, and either solitary or several in a small, rather compact group, on orbicular, subindeterminate patches of black, branching mycelium with alternate, obovate hyphopodia, much the same as those of I. amphitricha, Fr. Asci oblong-obovate, 2-spored. Sporidia oblong- cylindrical, slightly curved, 3-septate, 38-44 x 12-15 y, obtuse, hyaline, becoming brown. On living leaves of Myrica cerifera, Florida, and on leaves of Rubus trivialis (M. sanguinea), in Louisiana. 48 M. Mitchélle, Cke. Grev. VI, p. 1438. Exsicc. Rav. F. Am. 88.—EIll. N. A. F. 1294. Spots black, thin, mostly epiphyllous, often covering the entire surface, mycelium dark brown, branching, intricate. Hyphopodia short, ovate, alternate, uniseptate. Erect hyphe, simple, dark brown, setaceous, apices entire, 250x6 . Conidia light brown, obovate or clavate, 3-septate, 27-30x 4 w, borne on erect, light brown, subhyaline hyphe. Perithecia black, globose, smooth, 100-125 » diam. Asci eylindric-clavate, 39x 9 ». Sporidia oblong-elliptical, brown, 4-sep- tate, 85x15 pu. On leaves of Mitchella repens, Florida. M. nidulans, (Schw.) Spheria nidulans, Schw. Syn. Car. 185, Fr. S. M. II, p. 443. Chetospheria nidulans, Rehm Ascom. 287. Meliola nidulans, Cke. Grev. XI, p. 37. Exsice. Ell. N, A. F. 192.—Rabh-Winter F. Eur. 3544.—Rav. Fung. Car. I, 50. Perithecia gregarious, globose, rough, collapsing, black, seated on a subiculum of black, erect, simple, rigid, bristle-like hairs which form at first small, orbicular patches, soon confluent and often surrounding the limb and extending continuously for 2-4 inches. Asci elliptic- oblong, 2—-4-spored, 70-80 x 25-30 y. Paraphyses stout, branching. Sporidia oblong, obtuse, 3-septate, (4-septate, Cke.), slightly constricted, 35-50 x 14-16 yp, brown. On living branches of Vaccinium corymbosum, New Jersey to Florida. M. Heterémeles, (Cke. & Hark.) Meliolopsts Heteromeles, Cke. & Hark. Gtev. XIII, p. 21. Meliola Heteromeles, Berl. & Vogl. Sacc. Syll. 6243. Effused, black. Mycelium subcrustaceous, moniliform, branched, mterwoven, mixed with Capnodium. Perithecia globose, 200 » diam., membranaceous, free. Asci clavate, 8-spored. Sporidia lanceolate, 3—5-septate, hyaline, 40 x 8 yp. On leaves of Heteromeles, mixed with Capnodium Heteromeles, California. C. Sporidia muriform, yellowish or brown; mycelium scanty or obsolete. M. fenestrata, C. & E. Grev. V, p. 95, Journ. Mycol. I, p. 147. Perithecia subgregarious, subglobose, black, smooth or clothed with a few spreading hairs, about 150 g diam., with a fringe of brown, spreading, septate hyphe and a circle of short, spreading, mostly in- curved, black, bristle-like, 40-60 x3 » appendages (entire at the tip) around the base. Asci evanescent and not seen. Sporidia rather 49 acutely elliptical, brown, 7-8-septate and muriform, 20-27 x 12-14 » (30-40 x 12 4, Martin). On scales of pine cones, New Jersey. CAPNODIUM, Mont. Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. III, XI, p. 233. Mycelium effused, persistent, forming a black, felt-like coating on living leaves and limbs. Perithecia vertically elongated, sometimes branched, generally fimbriate-lacerate at the vertex. Asci obovate or elongated, 8-spored. Sporidia 4- or more-celled, often with both trans- verse and longitudinal septa, yellow or yellow-brown. The members of this genus are but impefectly known; many of the so-called species being only mycelium without any ascigerous peri- thecia, and often without even pycnidial perithecia—sometimes even without conidia. A. Asci present; sporidia muriform. (. salicinum, (A. & S.) {Plate 10) Dematium salicinum, Alb. & Schw. Consp. p. 368. Fumago vagans, Pers. Myc. Eur. I, p. 9. Cladosporium fumago, Lk. in Linn, Spec. Plant. Torula fumago, Chevall. Flor. Paris, I, p. 34. Capnodium salicinum, Mont. 1. v. Capnodium Spherotdeum, De Lacr, in Rab. F. E. 352. C. Citri, B. & Desm. Molds, p. 11. Exsicc. Rab. F. E. .352.—-Thuemen F. Austr. 169, 435.~Thum. M. U. 1146.—Cke. F. Brit. 2d Ser. 291.—Linh, Fungi Hung. 358.—Myc. March. 2231.—Vize Micr. Fungi, 100. Mycelium widely effused, covering thé whole surface of the leaves and young twigs and even the trunk and branches to some extent. Perithecia fleshy, greenish-black, simple or branched, sessile or con- tracted below, thickened above and opening with a subfimbriate or lobed orifice (ostiolum). Asci obovate, sessile, 40-60 x 20-25 y, 6—8- spored. Sporidia crowded, obovate, obtuse at the ends, 3-4-septate and often with a longitudinal septum, subconstricted at the septa, dark brown, 22-26 x 9-13 p. In the specimens figured on pl. 10, the sporidia were elliptical, hyaline, 3-septate, one of the cells sometimes divided by a longitudinal septum, 12-15 x 4-5 p, crowded in asci about 60 x 10 », with abundant paraphyses. Perithecia subovate, with a short, conical ostiolum. On Populus tremuloides (limbs) and on Megundo aceroides, Montana (Kelsey). Winter, in Die Pilze, gives as probable forms of this species, C. elongatum, Berk. & Desm., C. expansum, Berk. & Desm., and C. Persoonti, Berk. & Desm., at least as they are represented in 1 \ 50 Rab. F. Eur. 663, 665 and 677.—Thiim. F. Austr. 486, 992, 1076, 1166, and Thiim. M. U. 664. C. grandisporum, E. & M. (in Herb.) (Plate 7) Mycelium smoky-black, thin, composed of creeping, branching, multiseptate, nucleate threads. Pycnidial perithecia brown-black, setaceous, apices enlarged and subentire, 900 x 35 4, containing hyaline, uniseptate, oval or elliptical sporules 10-12x 2 4. Ascigerous_ peri- thecia brown-black, globose, at length depressed-sublentiform, (120 »), with 10-12 straight, brown appendages, 100-120x4 yw. Asci sub- clavate, 8-spored, 75-120 x 15-20 w. Sporidia hyaline, clavate-cylin- drical or fusoid-oblong, 4—5-nucleate and more or less constricted between the nuclei, at length distinctly 4-5-septate, 30-45 x 6-7 yp, lying in 3 or 4 series in the asci. On leaves of Gelsemium sempervirens and Myrica, Florida (Martin). Whether the subulate, pycnidial perithecia belong to this is uncertain. B. Asci unknown; sporidia muriform. C. elongatum, Berk. & Desm. Molds referred to F'umago, p. 251, fig. 5 (1849). Exsicc. Rav. F. Am. 80.—Ell. N. A. F. 1544. Setose. Perithecia elongated, acuminate, generally simple, fim- briate at the apex. Sporidia 2—4-septate, finally constricted at the septa and longitudinally divided. On leaves of Persica, Smilax, Populus, Liriodendron, Pyrus, Bignonia, Tussilago, ete. ¢. Rhamni, Cke. & Hark. Grev. XIII, p. 21. Maculiform, black. Hyphae creeping, generally moniliform, branching, forming a thin stratum. Perithecia erect, cylindrical, at- tenuated above, 300 x 40 y, simple, mouth fimbriate. Sporidia ellip- tical, triseptate, brown, 18-20 x 8 y, one cell divided by a longitudinal septum. Conidia free, dark, uniseptate, 12x 6 yu. On leaves of Rhamnus, California. (Not C. rhamnicolum, Rab.) C. Heterdmeles, Cke. & Hark. Grev. XIII, p. 21. liffused, black, subvelutinous. Hyphe densely interwoven, branch- ing, septate and moniliform. Perithecia ventricose-cylindrical, erect, rather slender, simple, 200x 20». Sporidia uncertain, apparently 3-septate, muriform, brown, 18x 9 yp. On leaves of Heteromeles, California. 51 U. pelliculosun, B. & Rav. Grev. IV. p. 156, Journ. Myce. I, p. 98. Exsice. Rav. F. Am. 79.—Thum, M. U. 2059.—Ell. N. A. F. 1544. Mycelium epiphyllous, forming a thin, sooty-colored layer on the surface of the leaves and consisting of closely septate, brown, subrect- angularly branched and interwoven threads, 5-8 y thick, with each cell or joint nucleate, and hearing when well developed, stellately 3-4 parted conidia, much like those of Z'riposporium, nearly hyaline at first, becoming brown, each arm 4-5-septate and nucleate, T-9 yp thick at the base and 50-75 yp long, tapering to an obtuse point at the apex. Pycnidial perithecia growing like thick branches from the sides of the prostrate threads, membranaceous, of rather coarse, cellular, structure, oblong or flask-shaped, 75-208 x 30-50 y, apex subobtuse and subfim- briate, discharging countless, minute, hyaline, oblong sporules 3-4 x 1 yw. Sometimes these perithecia are quite globose and formed by the enlargement of one of the component cells of a thread or hypha. There are also produced from the mycelium, cylindrical, brown, multiseptate conidia 70-80 x 6-7 y, like the conidia of Helminthosporium. Ascige- rous, perithecia 100-150 yw diam., with brown, septate appendages like those of an Hrysiphe, 15-25 in number, 75-100 » long. Asci at first oblong, becoming ellipsoidal, and about 40x25 yw. Sporidia crowded, broad fusiform, hyaline, uniseptate at first, becoming 3-sep- tate at maturity and 15-22 x 4-7 On leaves of Prunus Chicasa, South Carolina (Ravenel), and on leaves of Magnolia glauca, Florida (Martin). The above description is from the Florida specimens. The description in Grevillea is very brief, viz. “Threads of the mycelium erect, trifid at the apex after the fashion of Zriposporium. shorter than the oblong, constricted perithecia.” Whether the Carolina and Florida specimens are the same we can not positively state. C. Schweinitzii, Berk. & Desm. 1. c. Velutinous. Flocci (hyphe) subcylindrical. Perithecia subsim- ple, elongated, smooth. Sporidia obovate, cellulose-muriform, scarcely constricted at the septa. On leaves of herbs, Pennsylvania. C. Asci unknown; sporidia 2—5-septate. C. Caroliniénse, Berk. & Desm. 1. c. p. 12, fig. 7. Scattered, setose, mycelium scanty. Perithecia with elongated, lateral, flask-shaped branches. Sporidia oblong, 2—3-septate. 52 On the lower surface of leaves of Quercus obtusiloba, South Car- olina (Curtis). C. expansum, Berk. & Desm. I. c. p. 12, fig. 8. Exsicc. Thum. M. U. 664.—Roum. Fungi Gall. 3660. Widely effused, velutinous. Perithecia conieal, short, connate, often beset with short, moniliform filaments. Sporidia triseptate, oblong, curved. On bark of Acer saccharinum var. nigrum, Ohio. D. Asci unknown; sporidia uniseptate. C. Filligo, Berk. & Desm. 1. c. p. 9, fig. 2. Mycelium tolerably thick, compact, black, separable from the matrix. Perithecia conic-cylindrical, roughened with black, floccose tufts and ostioliform projections. Sporidia rather small, ovate-oblong, often spuriously uniseptate, subhyaline. On leaves of Uvaria triloba, generally on the upper side, Ohio, and on leaves of various herbs, Pennsylvania. C. Nérii, Rabh. F. Eur. 662, Hedw. 1864, p. 73. Mycelium moniliform, ramose-reticulate, much like that of C. Citri. Perithecia elongated, subconical. Sporidia oblong, uniseptate. On leaves and branches of Nerium Oleander, Florida (Martin). E. Ascé unknown; sporidia (spermatia)? continuous or unknown. C. tiiba, Cke. & Hark. Grev. XIII, p. 21. Effused, crustaceous, black. Hyphe interwoven, branching, creep- ing, some septate, others moniliform, forming a thick, deciduous crust. Perithecia erect, numerous, cylindrical, 120 x 14 yp, divided, ciliate above and expanded in a subinfundibuliform manner, filled with ovate, continuous, hyaline sporules. On leaves of Umbellularia, California. C. axillatum, Cke. Hedw. 1878, p. 40. Exsicc. Rav. F. Am, 77.—Ell. N. A. F, 2111. Black, velutinous, situated in the axils of the nerves. Perithecia elongated, bristle-like, attenuated above, filled with minute, oblong sporules. Mycelium moniliform. On leaves of Catalpa cordifolia, California, New Jersey and Pennsylvania. C. Citri, Berk. & Desm. 1. c. p. 11. Exsicc. Rav. F. Am. 329.—Thum. M. U. 2243.—Fungi Gall. 1097 Scattered, setose, scarcely adhering. Perithecia elongated, rarely bifurcate. Mycelium branching, moniliform, beautifully reticulated. Spermatia minute, oblong, hyaline. 53 On orange leaves, Southern States and California. Farlow, Bull. Bussey Inst. March, 1876, considers this as only imperfectly developed Capnodium salicinum. See also Tul. Sel. Carp. II, p. 283. C. pomorum, B. & C. Grev. IV, p. 157. Mycelium obsolete. Perithecia smooth, variable, ovate-lanceolate, obovate or forked, pedicellate. Stipe cylindrical, black. On decaying apples, South Carolina (Ravenel). C. quérecinum, Berk. & Desm. 1. c. p. 11. Exsice. Thum. M. U. 1451?—Rav. F. Am. 78.—M. March. 698.—F. G. 5147. Compact and thick. Perithecia fasciculate, branched, the outer stratum separating transversely. Mycelium scanty, scarcely constricted. On leaves of Quercus obtusiloba, South Carolina (Ravenel). C. puceinioides, E. & E. Journ. Mycol. IV, p. 65. Perithecia amphigenous, cylindrical, obtuse, 75-80 x 20 w, hyaline, becoming opake, erumpent in minute black tufts, which are either scattered or collected in groups or patches 1-3 mm. across. In the central portion of these groups the leaf becomes dead, and a whitish, bare spot is formed, the margin of which is fringed with a black border of perithecia, the whole presenting the general appearance of an effused Puccinéa. : The perithecia on the specimens examined were entirely sterile. On living leaves of F’rasera speciosa, Pike’s Peak, Colo., August, 1887 (Tracy). Apiosporium and Antennaria, which include mostly only unde- veloped forms, have been omitted. SACCARDIA, Cke. Grev. VII, p. 49. Mycelium arachnoid, very delicate and evanescent. Perithecia globose. Asci globose or ovate, 8-spored. Sporidia oblong or ellip- tical, muriform, hyaline. S. quércina, Cke. 1. c. Hypophyllous. Mycelium evanescent. Perithecia scattered or gregarions, globose, thin-walled, 80-100 y» diam., loosely attached by a few delicate, spreading, thread-like hyphe at ihe base. Asci globose or ovate, about 30 # diam. Sporidia oblong-elliptical, hyaline, muri- form, 18-20 x 8-10 yp. On leaves of Quercus virens, Georgia (Ravenel). S. Martini, El. & Sace. Mich. II, p. 574. (Plate 9) Exsicc. Ell. N. A. F. 1289. Perithecia seated on a mucedinous, evanescent subiculum of inter- 54 woven hyphe, gregarious, superficial, globose-depressed, and finally umbilicate-collapsing, 100-150 y, texture minutely angular-parenchy- matic.