CORNELL UNIVERSITY THE Hlower Veterinary Library FOUNDED BY ROSWELL P. FLOWER for the use of the N. Y. STATE VETERINARY COLLEGE 1897 This Volume is the Gift of 356 Cornell University Library QK 11.L99 TANT 3 1924 001 019 300 vet DT A NTT NTA DRAM WITH A VIEW TO A _uzcome ‘Sa. REVISED EDITION. ee et The Author of “Plant Names and Synonyms” re- quests that any one who finds omitted frem the list of popular synonyms any name in actual use in any part of the United States, shall communicate such omission to him at once, at the address below. Do not delay be- cause it is only a single name, or because the name is misapplied. If possible state in what region the name is known to be in use. Any other corrections that should be made in names or in statements of fact will be gratefully received. A. B. LYONS. Laboratory of NELSON, BAKER & CO,, DETROIT, MICH. NELSON, BAKKEK & CU., PUBLISHERS, 1900. PLANT NAMES SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR INCLUDING IN THE CASE OF EACH PLANT ———THE—— CORRECT BOTANICAL NAME IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE REFORMED NOMENCLATURE, TOGETHER WITH BOTANICAL AND POPULAR SYNONYMS AND VERNACULAR GERMAN, FRENCH AND SPANISH NAMES. THE LIST COM- PRISES ALL IMPORTANT MEDICINAL PLANTS WITH THEIR PHARMA- COPOEIAL NAMES, THE PRINCIPAL FOOD PLANTS OF THE WORLD AND ALL OTHERS OF ANY ECONOMIC IMPORT- ANCE, GIVING ESPECIAL PROMINENCE TO THOSE WHICH ARE INDIGENOUS IN THE UNITED STATES, , COMPILED FROM THE MOST AUTHENTIC SOURCES A. B. LYONS, M. D. DETROIT. NELSON, BAKER & CO., PustisHers, 1900. 7%. Entered according to act of Congress in the year 1900 By A. B. Lyons, M. D. In the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington, D. C. “Tee, 99 r2 OK // 09 PREFACE. Plant synonomy is a fascinating but a most intricate study. Every plant is supposed to have a ‘correct’? botanical name, and can have only one such. As a matter of fact there are few plants that have not been over and over rechristened by scientific botanists, each one maintaining that his is its only really ‘‘correct’’ designa- tion. Out of the endless confusion there is at last emerging order and uniformity. At the Botanical Congress held at Paris in 1867 the principle was definitely adopted that the scientific designation of a plant should be in every case the name first applied to it (with suitable definition and description), provided that name had not been pre- viously applied to another plant. This rule has necessitated many changes in the current nomenclature. The names adopted in this book have been brought as far as possible into accordance with the reformed nomenclature. In the case of our indigenous plants, the names given by Britton and Brown in their recently published ‘Flora of the Northern States and Canada, have been adopted with very few exceptions as conforming to the new rules. The attempt has been made to adhere to the principle also in the case of exotic plants, but it has not been always possible to consult original au- thorities. In a number of instances where the new rule requires changes in name which have undoubtedly been already made by botanists, but for which authority could not be found, my own name appears as authority, indicating that the responsibility is mine. It has been my endeavor to make the list of popular synonyms as complete and at the same time as authentic as possible. It has not been difficult to gather popular names of the plants of Europe, particularly of Great Britain. In our own country popular names are used in a very haphazard manner, and there has never been any attempt to gather all the names adopted in different localities. From the most reliable sources of information at my command I have gleaned a large number of the current popular names. PREFACE. Book names, such as those adopted by botanists for the various species of a genus, hardly come within the scope of this work, al- though some such are given. Where there are several plants be- longing to one genus, there is likely to be a good deal of interchang- ing of popular names. In general, however, each name is consider- ed to belong properly to some one species and should be restricted thereto, and in a book of synonyms like this, names must be given as though this were the actual practice. Although aside from the main purpose of this work, I have indicated the origin and meaning of many popular names, and I have also given as faras possible, the etymologies of the Latin generic names. The principle of double credit for authority of botanical names has been applied whenever practicable. It has not been possible always to ascertain which was the earlier of two specificnames. In such cases only the single credit is given. Synonyms under the various genera are in the true sense synonyms only when followed by authority. Synonyns ‘‘in part’’ are generic names that, for reasons good or bad, have been applied by botanists to some of the plants of the genus in question. In the English names, the orthography of the Century Diction- ary has been given the preference, alternative forms being, how- ever, also recognized, those now obsolete often in parenthesis. I have endeavored to include in this enumeration: Ist, All the more important plants used medicinally in our country, in- cluding many which are practically obsolete yet may be sometimes asked for in drug stores. 2nd. Plants of economic value, especially those furnishing important food stuffs. Pasture grasses, however, and many forage plants, as well as the multitude of plants cultivat- ed in gardens and greenhouses for ornament, I have been com- pelled by limit of space to omit. 3rd. Plants indigenous to any part of the United States. The name of every genus of flower- ing plants known to occur in North America, north of Mexico is given, with a brief description and statement of its geographical dis- tribution. Only genera of grasses and of sedges are excepted, this omission giving room to include those of ferns and Lyeopods. In each case a statement is made of the number of species found “in U. 8.” which must be understood to include also those of British America, the number being generally that of the species included in the catalogue recently (1898) published by A. A. Heller, of North American plants North of Mexico. PREFACE. The book should thus be of interest and value to every one in- terested in American botany. It is, however, more especially in- tended to meet the practical needs of the retail druggist, who is of- ten called upon to supply some root, bark or herb of which only an unfamiliar popular name is known to the customer. For the benefit of the druggist also the pharmacopoeial names are given of all drugs official in the United States, Great Britain, Germany and France, and also the unofficial Latin as well as the vernacular German, French and Spanish names of the several drugs or plants. Medicin- al properties are also succinctly stated. The greatest care has been taken to render the book accurate in its scientific information and complete and authentic in its synon- omy. A copious index serves as a key to this mass of information, enabling the reader to turn instantly to the desired paragraph. Laboratory of NELSON, BAKER & CO. JANUARY, 1900. EXPLANATION OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS. Adv. Adventive. Br. British Pharmacopoeia. Cort. Cortex. Cult. Cultivated. Fol. Folia. Fr. French name. Ger. German name. H. Herb. (Kew) Name given preference in Index Kewensis. P.G. German Pharmacopoeia. Nat. Naturalized. R. Radix. Rh. Rhizome. Sp. Spanish name. sp. Species. Syn. Synonym or Synonynis. .S. United States. (i. e N. America, North of Mexico). .S. P. United States Pharmacopoeia. Name better applied to another plant. Name improperly applied to this plant. A verbal corruption, w+ edd Book name, found in manuals of Botany, ete. Obsolete, vulgar or provincial name. to b. G. PLANT NAMES —— AND—— SYNONYMS. ABAMA, Adans. 1763. Bog Asphodel. Melanthacez. The ancient Greek name. Syn. Narthecium, Juss. 1789. Small perennial herbs. Four known species, northern Hemis- phere; 2 in U. 8. A. Ameriedna (Ker) Morong (Narthecium Americana Ker, N. ossifragum var. Americanum Gray). Southern New Jersey. American Bog Asphodel, Bastard or Lancashire Asphodel, Moor-grass, Rosa-Solis*. ABIES, Juss. Fir. Pinacee. The ancient Greek name. Syn. Pinus, Picea, in part. Fver- green trees, mountains and high latitudes of north temperate zone. About 20 species; 12 in U. S. A. Abies (L.) Rusby (Pinus Abies L., P. excelsa Lam., P. Picea Du Roi, Picea excelsa Link). Northern Europe and Asia, also in Alps. Norway Spruce, Spruce Fir, Galipot tree; Ger. Fich- te; Fr. Pesse, Epicéa, Faux Sapin (Codex). The resinous exu- date is known as frankincense; from this is prepared Bur- gundy Pitch; Pix Burdundica U.S. P., Br., Resina pini bur- gundica, Pix alba: Ger. Burgunder Harz, Burgunder Pech; Fr. Poix de Bourgogne, Poix des Vosges, Poix jaune (Codex). Stimulant, vulnerary, revulsive, ete. Leaf buds and shoots used in making spruce beer. A. balsdmea (L.) Mill. (Pinus balsamea L.). British America, south to Virginia and Minnesota. Balsam Fir, Balm of Gilead Fir, Balsam tree, American Silver Fir, Fir Pine, Blister Pine, Single Spruce®. Oleoresin from the bark: Canada Balsam, Bal- sam of Fir; Terebinthina canadensis, U.S. P., Br., Balsamum Canadense; Ger. Canadischer Terpentin: Fr. Baume du Cana- da (Codex), Térébinthine du Canada. Terebinthinate, ex- pectorant, etc. A. Fraseri (Pursh) Lindl. (Pinus Fraseri Pursh). Virginia to Tennessee. Fraser’s Balsam I'ir, Southern Balsam Fir, Mountain Balsam-tree, Balsam. She-balsam, Double Spruce*. Oleoresin resembles that of (b) and is sometimes substituted therefor. 8 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS d. A. magnifica Murray. California Magnificent Fir§, California Silver Fir, Red Fir, Queen-of-the Sierras. The largest of all Firs. A valuable timber tree. The Shasta Fir and Golden Fir are varieties of this species. e. A. nébilis Lind. Washington and Oregon. Noble Fir, Larch.t f. A. Picea (L.) Lyons (Pinus Picea L., Pinus pectinata Lam., P. Abies DuRoi, A. alba Mill., A. pectinata D.C. (Kew. ), A. excelsa Link., not Poir). Europe. Silver Fir, European Silver Fir, Silver Pine, Strassburg Pine, Tanne; Ger. Weisstanne, Edeltanne; Fr. Sapin argenté. Resinous exudate, Strassburg Turpentine; Terebinthina argentoratensis; Fr. Térébenthine d’ Alsace, des Vosges ou de Strasbourg, Térébenthine au citron (Codex). Kesembles Venice turpentine. 3. ABRONIA, Juss. - Abronia. + Nyctaginacee. From Greek, ‘graceful,’ of the flowers. Syn. Cycloptera, Tricratus, in part. Annual or perennial herbs, some ornamen- tal. About 15 species; 12 in U.S., mostly western. 4, ABRUS, L. Abrus, Indian Licorice, etc. Papilionaceae. From Greek, ‘‘graceful,’’ of the seeds. Syn. Zaga, in part. Shrubby climbers or sub-shrubs. About 5 species, tropical regions. a. A. precatorius L. (Glycine Abrus L., A. minor Desv.). India, cult. in most tropical countries. Indian Licorice (Liquorice), Wild Licorice, Red-bean vine; Ger. Indisches Siissholz; Fr. Liane 4 régliase, Réglisse indienne, Herbe & beau-pére. Seeds, Jequirity (Brazil), Quequiri, Crab’s-eyes, Jumble-beads, John- Crow beans, Love-peas, Black-eyed Susan; Semen abri; Ger. Paternostererbsen; Fr. Pois d’ Amérique. Irritant, used in treatment of ophthalmia. Root, a poor substitute for licorice root. 5. ABUTA, Aubl. False Pareira Brava. Menispermacee. From vernacular Brazilian name. Syn. Anelasma, Miers. Shrubby climbers with coriaceous leaves. About 8 species tropical America. ; a. A. amara Aublet. (The Index Kewensis makes this a synonym of Aristolochia glaucescens H. B. K.). Brazil. Reputed source of Yellow Pareira brava. b. A. ruféscens Aublet. Brazil. White Pareira brava, Butua (vernacular). 6. ABUTILON, Gaertn. (\butilaea). Abutilon. Malvaceae, Name given by Arabian Avicenna, d. 1037. Herbs, shrubs or even trees. About 90 species, mostly tropical and sub-tropic- al; 18 in U. 8., mostly south-western. a. A. Abutilon (L.) Rusby (A. Avicennae Gaertn.). Southern Asia, nat. in ULS. and widely elsewhere. Velvet-leaf, Indian Mallow, American Jute, Butter-weed, Butter-print, Button- SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 9 weed, Cotton-weed, American Hemp*, Indian Hemp*, Mormon- weed, Pie-marker, Pie-print, Sheep-weed, Velvet-weed. Plant, especially flowers, mucilaginous like Althaea. b. A. Indicum Don, India, and other species have similar proper- ties. 7. ACACIA, Adans. Acacia, Wattle (Australia). Mimosaceae. The Greek name, meaning ‘‘thorny.” Trees and shrubs. About 450 species, mostly sub-tropical, especially of Africa and Australia; 16 in U. 8. a. A. Arabica (Lam.) Willd.(Mimosa Arabica Lam. The species probably includes also A. Adansonii Guil. & Per., A. Nilotica Delile and A. vera Willd.). Indiato Senegambia. Egyptian Gum Arabic tree, Egyptian Thorn. Vernacular names are Kikar and Babur. Bark, (Babul, Babulah or Baboot bark) astrin- gent, used in tanning as are the pods (nebneb). The tree is the probable source of gum Mogador, called also Morocco and Bar- bary gum. See(k.) The tree produces alsolac. See Croton aromaticus. b. A. Catechn (L. f.) Willd. (Mimosa Catechu L. f.) East Indies and Ceylon, nat. in Jamaica. Catechu tree. Extract pre- pared from the wood is the Catechu of medicine and the cutch of tannery also called cashoo and gambir*; CatechuU.S. P., P. G., Terra japonica, Catechu nigrum; Ger. Katechu, Pegukatechu; Fr. Cachou de Pégu, Cashcuttie (Codex). A powerful astring- ent. ce. A. decirrens Willd. Australia. Black Wattle-tree. Bark as- tringent, used in tanning and for making a variety of cutch or terra japonica. The tree yields also a fair quality of gum, (Australian gum, Wattle gum). d. A. Farnesidna Willd. (A. Indica Desv.). Tropical and sub- tropical America, Texas to California, also cult. in Europe. Cassie, Cassia-flower tree, Sponge tree, Huisache (Texas), Matitas (Mexico.), Kali (Hawaii), Opopanax*. Flowers, much used in perfumery. Shrub also yields gum. e. A. stenocarpa Hochst. Abyssinia and Nubia. Source of Suakin or Savakin gum, called also Suak, Talha and Talca gum. f. A. Gréggii A. Gray. Texas to Mexico. One of the plants which yields lac. See Croton aromaticus. g. A. homalophylla Cunningham. Australia. Myall., Violet- wood. Wood fragrant, used for tobacco-pipes, etc. h. A. hérrida Willd. South Africa. Doorn-boom (i. e. Thorn- tree) Karra-doorn, Karoo Thorn. Source of the Cape gum. Bark used in tanning. : i, A. melanéxylon R. Br. Southeastern Australia. Black-wood tree, Light wood*. Wood valuable for cabinet work. 10 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS j. A. pyendntha Benth. Australia. Golden Wattle. Bark yields a fine quality of cutch. k. A Sénegal Willd (A. Verek Guil. & Per.) Kordofan to the Senegal. Gum Arabic tree, Acacia. Gummy exudate of this and other species is gum acacia or gum Arabic; Acacia, U. S. P., Acaciae Gummi, Br., Gummi arabicum, Gummi mimosae, P. G.; Ger, Arabisches Gummi, Mimosen-gummi; Fr. Gomme arabique vraie (Codex); Sp. Goma arabiga., Mucilaginous, demulcent. 1, A. Stima (Roxb. ) Kurz (Mimosa Suma Roxb., A. Catechu W. & A., not Willd.). Southern India. Source of part of the Catechu of commerce. Other species of Acacia yielding gum are (m.) A. Ehyenbergidna Hayne, Arabia and upper Egypt, Seyah; (n.) A. Séyal Delile (A. fistula Schweinf. ), Thirsty Thorn and (o.) A. tértilis Hayne called Seyal or Seyaleh. Commercial varieties of gum are Hashabi or Kordofan pum, Sennaar or Sennari gum, Geddaor Jidda gum and gum Tor or Turic, besides those already mentioned. The finest selected white gum is known as Turkey gum. 8 ACAENA, L. - Acaena. - Rosaceae. Syn. Ancistrum, Forst. Herbs, some shrubby. About 40 species, New World, especially S. America, to Australia; 1 in U.S. 9. ACALYPHA, L. Three-seeded Mercury. Euphorhbiacex. Greek name of a Nettle. Syn. Cupameni, Adans. Herbs or shrubs. About 230 species, mostly tropical and sub-tropi- cal; 9 in U.S. a. A. Virginica L. Ontario and eastern U. 8. Mercury-weed, Virginia Three-seeded Mercury?. Plant reputed expectorant and diuretic. 10. ACAMPTOPAPPUS, A. Gray. - Composite. From Greek, “rigid pappus.” Syn. Aplopappus, (Haplo- pappus) in part. Low desert shrubs. Two known species, both in southwestern U. S. 11. ACANTHOCHITON, Torr. Acanthochiton. Amaranthacez. From Greek, ‘thorny Cloak.” Dioecious herb, one species. Texas to Arizona. 12. ACANTHOMINTHA, A. Gray. Acanthomintha. Labiate. From Greek, ‘thorny Mint.’’? Low annuals. Two known species, Pacific Coast, U.S. 13, ACANTHOSCYPHUS, Small. - Polygonacez. From Greek, ‘thorny cup. 1 in U. 8. 14. ACANTHOSPERMUM, Schrank. - Composite. From Greek, ‘‘thorny seed.’? Syn. Centrospermum, H. B. K. Diffuse annuals with bur-like fruit. About 5 species, tro- pical regions; 2 nat. in U. 8. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 11 15. ACANTHUS.L. Acanthus. Acanthacee. Ancient Greek name of any thorny or prickly plant, ap- plied later particularly to this genus. Robust herbs with orna- mental foliage. About 15 species, Mediterranean region. a. A. méllisL. Southern Europe. .Acanthus, Branc-ursine, Bear’s breech, Culberdill||, Sedockel]. 16. ACER, L. Maple. Aceraceae. [Sapindacex.] The Latin name, from ‘‘pointed’’ lobes of the leaves. Syn. Negundo, in part. ‘Trees and shrubs. About 100 species, North temperate zone; 15 in U. §. a. A. nigrum Michx. (A. saccharinum, var nigrum T. & Gr.) Ontario to Alabama, west to Louisiana and Minnesota. Black Sugar Maple, Black Maple, Hard Maple. Sap rich in sugar. b. A. Negtindo L. (Negundo aceroides Moench, N. Negundo (L. ) Karst. ). Ontario to Mexico, but rare near Atlantic coast. Ash-leaved Maple, Box Elder, Cut-leaved or Red River Maple, Black Ash*, Maple Ash, Water Ash, Sugar Maple*. c. A. Pennsylydnicum L. (A. striatum Du Roi). Nova Scotia, south to Tennessee. Striped or Goose-foot Maple, Northern Maple, Moosewood, False or Striped Dogwood, Whistle-wood. d. A. Pseudo-Pliatanus L. Europe and western Asia, cult. in U. 8. Sycamore Maple,Succamoref, Spurious or Mock Plane- tree, Whistle-wood. ° A. ribrum L. Canada to Florida and Texas. Red, Scarlet or Water Maple, Swamp Maple; White, Hard or Shoe-peg Maple, also Soft Maple*. : m A. saecharinum L. (.A. dasyearpum Erhr., A. eriocarpum Michx.). Canada to Florida, west to Indian Territory and Da- kota. Nilver or Nilver-leaf Maple, Soft or White Maple; Creek, River, Swamp or Water Maple, Red Maple*. Sap yielas com- paratively little sugar. . A. Sdecharum Marsh (A. saccharinum Wang, not L., A. bar- batum Michx.). Canada to Florida, west to ‘Texas and Nebras- ka. Sugar Maple, Rock Maple, Sugar Tree, Black Maple. Sap the source of most of the maple sugar. oq h. A. spicdtum Lam, (.A. montanum . C. Aménum Mill. (C. sericea L.). Ontario and eastern U. 8. Silky Cornel, Blue-berried Cornel, Kinnikinic (Killikinic), Female or Swamp Dogwood, Red-brush, Red Osier, Red-rod, Red Willow}. Rose Willowt, Squaw-bush; Ger. Sumpfkornel; Fr. Cornouiller soyeux. Bark bitter, expectorant, nauseant. 118 PLANT NAMES aND SYNONYMS ce. C. Canadénsis L. British America, south to New Jersey, Minnesota and California. Low or Dwarf Cornel, Bunch-berry, Bunch Plum, Cracker-berry, Smali Fowering-cornel. Very similar to this is the arctic (d) C. Suécica L., called Plant- of-gluttony and Dwarf Honeysuckle. e. C. cireindta L’Her. :C. rugosa Laur., possibly the older name). Canada and northeastern U. S. Round-leaved Cornel or Dog- wood, Green Usier. Sark bitter, astringent, febrifuge. f. C. florida L. Ontario and eastern U. 8. Flowering Dogwood, Dogwood: American, Virginia or Florida Dogwood, Boxwood; New England, American or Falee Box-wood, American Cor- nelian tree; Flowering, Florida or White Cornel, Indian Arrow-wood, Nature’s-mistake: (rer. (srossbliithige Kornel, Hornbaum; Fr. Cornouiller & grandes fleurs. Bark of root; Cornus, U. &. P., Dogwood bark; bitter. tonic, febrifuge. [The Flowering Dogwood of California and British Columbia is the larger tree (g) C. occidentalis (T. & G.) Coville (C. Nuttallii Audubon) }. h. C. Mas L. (C. mascula L.). Europe and northern Asia. Cornelian Cherry, Male Cornel, Cornelian tree, Redwood of Turkey; Ger. Kornelkirsche, Diirlitze, Herlitze; Fr. Cornouil- ler. Flowers astringent. S£ruit edible but austere. i. C. stolonifera Michx. British America, south to Kentucky, Arizona and California. Red Osier Cornel or Dogwood, Red- brush, Dogberry tree, Gutter tree, Kinnikinic, Killikinic, Waxberry Cornel. [Similar to thisis (j) C. sanguinea L., the common Dogwood of Europe. } ns 577. CORONILLA, L. - Axseed. - — Papilionaceae. Latin diminutive, a little crown. Syn. Emerus, Mill., Seorplas, Medic. Herbs. About 25 species, Europe, Asia and N. Africa. a. C. seorpioides (Medic. ) Koch (S. scorpioides Medic. ). Europe. Coronilla. Plant cardiac tonic, like Digitalis. [(b) C. Eme= rus L. (E. Caesalpinia Medic. }, Europe, is Scorpion Senna; (c) C. varia L., Europe, adv. in U. 8, is Axseed, Axwort, Hive-vine. 578. CORONOPUS, Gaertn. 1791. Wart Cress. Cruciferae. From Greek, ‘‘crow foot’, alluding to dissected leaves. Syn. Senebiera, DU. 1799; Cochlearia, in part. Diffuse herbs. About 6 species, warm and temperate regions. a. C. Corénopus (L.) Karst. (Coch. Coronopus L., 8. Coronopus Poir.). Europe, adv. in U.S. Wart Cress, Wartwort, Swine’s Cress, Sow-grass, Buck’s-horn, Herb Ivy*, Wild Scurvy-grass. Plant anti-scorbutic. F : 579. CORYLUS, L. Hazel, Filbert. Betulacea Ancient Greek name, from ‘‘helmet”-like involucre. Shrubs or ona trees. About 7 species, northern hemisphere; 2 (or 3) in U.S. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 119 a. C. Americdna Walt., Canada and eastern U. S. and (b C. rostrata Ait., British America south to Georgia an Oregon (a variety in California), are the American Hazel- nut bushes, the latter the Beaked Hazel. (c) CG. Avellana L. (C. maxima Mill.), Europe and Asia, is the European Hazel (Hezzle, Haul, Halse) or Filbert (Filberd, Filbeard, Philbert), Beard tree, Halenut, Nuttal tree, Nut-bush, Nuttre, Wood- nut, (varieties known as Full-beards, Cob-nuts, Cosford and Downton Filberts, Barcelona Nuts); Ger. Hasel; Ir. Noisetier. Seeds of all species vield hazel-nut oil. Spicule from involucre of (b) used like those of Mucuna. 580. CORYPHA, L. Talipot Palm. Sabalaceae. From Greek, ‘“‘tall’’. Fan-leaved Palms. About 7 species, tropical Asia. a. C. umbraculifera L. Ceylon and India. Talipot Palm (Tali- put, Talipat), Basket Palm, Shreetalum, Smeetalum. Leaves used for umbrellas, as a substitute for paper, ete. 581. COSCINIUM, Colebr. Columbo-wood. Menispermaceae. Syn. Menispermum, in part. Shrubs. About 4 species, tropical Asia. a. C. fenestratum (Gaertn. ) Colebr. (M. fenestratum Gaertn.). Ceylon. Columbo-wood, False Calumba. Wood, bark and root, bitter tonic. 582. COSMOS, Cav. (Cosmus, Cosmea). Compositae. From Greek, ‘ornament’, Ornamental herbs. About 20 species, Mexico and adjacent region; 3 in U.S, 583. COTINUS, Adans. Smoke-tree. Anacardiaceae, Greek name of the Oleaster. Syn. Rhus, in part. Shrubs or small trees. One species of Europe and Asia, one of America. a. C. cotinoides (Nutt. ) Brit. (R. cotinoides Nutt. 1838, C. Ameri- canus Nutt. 1849.). American Smoke-tree, Wild Smoke-tree, Chittam-wood, Yellow-woud. Also other synonyms from the following. b. C. Cétinus (L.) Karst. (R. Cotinus L., C. coriaria Duham). Europe and Asia. Venice Sumac (Sumach), Venetian Sumac, Smoke-tree, Smoke-plant, False Fringe-tree, Purple Fringe, Wig-tree, Feather-tree, Aaron’ s-beard Wood, called young Fustic and Zante-wood, yields a yellow dye. 584. COTONEASTER, Medic. Fire Thorn. — Pomaceae. From Latin, ‘‘star quince’. Syn. Crataegus, Mespilus, in art. Ornamental shrubs or small trees. About 20 species, Old World. a. C. Pyracintha (L.) Spach. (Crataegus Pyracantha Medic. (Kew), M. Pyracantha L.). Evergreen Thorn, Fire Thorn, Pyracanth, Christ’s Thorn*, Egyptian Thorn*. 585. COTULA, L. : Cotula. Compositae. Diminutive of cota, classical name of a composite plant. Herbs. About 40 species, widely distributed; 2 in U. S. 120 LLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS 586. COTYLEDON, L. Navelwort. Crassulaceae. Ancient Greek name of a plant with ‘‘cup-like’’ leaves. Syn. Umbilicus. Herbs or shrubs. About 75 species, Old World and N. America; 15 in U. 8. aw €. Umbilicus L. (C. umbilicata Lam., U. pendulinus DC.). Europe. Navelwort, Pennywort, Penny-leaves, Penny-pies, Penny-plates, Wall Pennywort, Cups-and-saucers, Hipwort, Kidneywort, Milk-the-cows, Pancakes; Ger. Nabelkraut; Fr. Cotylet, Nombril de Vénus. Leaves mucilaginous, vulnerary. 587. COURSETIA, DC. Coursetia. Papilionaceae. Trees or shrubs. About 10 species, warmer regions of Amer- ica; 2in U.S. 588. COVILLEA, Vail. Creosote bush. Zygophyllaceae. Syn. Larrea, Cav. Evergreen heavy-scented shrubs. About 5 species, mostly of 8. America; 1 in U. 8. a. C. divariedta (Cav.) Vail (L. Mexicana Moric.). Southern Colorado to California and Mexico. Creosote bush, Tar-weed. Plant alterative, antisyphilitic. One source of lac. See Croton aromaticus. 589. COWANIA, Don. Cowania. - Rosaceae. Named for Mr. Cowan, explorer in Mexico and Peru. Shrubs. About 3 species, Mexico and southwestern U. 8. 590. CRACCA, L. 1753. Goat’s Rue, etc. _ Papilionaceae. Latin name of a Vetch. Syn. Tephrosia, Pers. 1807; Galega in part. Herbs, sometimes shrubby. About 120 species, warm and tropical regions; 14 in U. 8. . C. Apolinea (Delile) Lyons (T. Apolinea Link. (Kew), G. Apolinea Delile). Southern Europe. Egyptian Indigo. Leaves an adulterant of senna, also a source of indigo. 9 b. C. piseatoria (Sol.) Lyons (G. piscatoria Sol., G. littoralis Forst., T. purpurea Pers. (Kew), T. piscatoria Hilleb., T. leptostachya DC.). Fish-poison, Auhuhu, Hola (Hawaii). Tropical regions generally. Plant has narcotic properties; used medicinally in India and to stupefy fish in Islands of Pacitic. C. toxicaria (Pers) Lyons(T. toxicaria Pers.). Africa, nat. in West Indies. Fish-poison. Properties of (b). 9 d. €. Virginidna L. 1753 (Galega Virginiana L. 1763, Tephrosia Virginiana Pers.). Southern New England to Florida and west to Minnesota and northern Mexico. Cat-gut, Hoary Pea, Goat's Rue, Devil’s-shoestrings, Wild Sweet Pea, Turkey Pea, Rabbit Pea; Ger., Fr. Téphrosie. Leaves and root, laxative, tonic, vermifuge. 591. CRASSINA, Scepin, 1758. Zinnia. Compositae. Named from Paul Crassus, Italian botanist, 16th century. Syn. Zinnia, L. 1759. Herbs, some species shrubby. About 12 species, N. America; 5 in U. S. [The garden Zinnia is C. élegans (Jacq. ) Lyons, of Mexico.] SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 121 592. CRATAEGUS, L. Hawthorn. Pomaceae. Greek name of a kind of thorn having ‘“‘tough’’ wood. Syn. Mespilus, in part. Thorny shrubs or small trees. About 50 species, north temperate zone, Mexico and 8. America; 23 in a. C. Oxyacdntha L. Europe and Asia, nat. in U. §. English Hawthorn (Haythorn, Hathorn), Haw-tree, Hedge-thorn, White or May Thorn, May-bush, May Quick-set, Wick, Wickens; var. praecox is the Glastonbury Thorn; Ger. Hage- dorn; Fr. Aubépine. Jruit called haws, whence the name Hawthorn. Of American species, the more noteworthy are (b) (C. aes- tivalis (Walt. ) ‘Il. and Gr., May Haw, Apple Haw of southern states (fruit used for jellies); (c) C. coccinea L., Scarlet Thorn or Hawthorn, White or Red Thorn*; (d) C. corddta (Mill. ) Ait. (M. cordata Mill., C. populifolia Walt.), Washington Thorn, American Hedge-thorn; (e) C. Crusgalli L., Cockspur Thorn, Newcastle Thorn, Pin Thorn; (f) C. tomentosa L., Pear Thorn, Black Thorn, Common or White Thorn, Pear Haw; (g) C. uniflora Moench (C. parvifolia Ait.), Dwarf Thorn, suited for low hedges. Fruit of several species called red haws, occasionally thorn-plums or thorn-apples. 598. CRATAEVA, L. 1759. Garlic Pear. Capparidaceae. Named for Crataevus, ancient Greek herbalist. Syn. Tapia, Adans, 1763. Shrubs or trees. About 18 species, tropical regions. a C. gyndndra L. Jamaica. Garlic Pear. Bark of root epispas- tic. 594. CREPIS, L. Hawk’ s-beard. Cichoriaceae. From Greek, ‘sandal’. Herbs resembling Hieracium. About 180 species, northern hemisphere; 23 in U. S. 595. CRESCENTIA, L. Calabash tree. Bignoniaceae. Shrubs or trees. About 15 species, tropical America; 1 in U.S. a. C. Cuijete L. (C. acuminata H. B. K., C. angustifolia Willd. C. Cujute Auct.). Tropical America. Calabash tree. Fruit calabash-like. 596. CRESSA, L. Cressa. Convolvulaceae. From Greek, ‘‘Cretan’’. Low perennial herbs with small flowers. Two known species, widely diffused, both in U.S. 597. CRINUM, L. — - Lily®, - Amaryllidaceae. Greek name of a Lily. Ornamental bulbous plants with lily- like blossoms. About 60 species, warmer regions Old and New World; 1 in U. 8. 598, CRISTALELLA, Nutt. Cristatella. Capparidaceae. Latin dim. of cristata, ‘‘crested’’. Viscid herbs. Two species, both of south-central U. S. 122 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS 599. CRITHMUM, L. Samphire. - Umbelliferae.. A succulent herb. One species, Old World. a. C. maritimum L. Coasts of Europe. Samphire (Sampere, Semper, originally Sampier from the French, Saint Pierre, i. e. St. Peter; the Latin name was Petrus, meaning a rock plant, with no reference to the Apostle Peter), Camphire, Crest-ma- rine, Pasper, Peter's Cress, Rock-semper, Sea Fennel. Leaves- used for pickles, etc. 600. CROCIDIUM, Hook. Crocidium, Compositae. From Greek, ‘‘woolly, alluding to axils of leaves. Small winter-annual with golden yellow flowers. One species, north- ern California and northward. 601. CROCUS, L. - Saffron. - Tridaceae. The ancient Greek name. Ornamental herbs with tuberous roots. About 70 species, Mediterranean region to central Asia. a. C. sativus L. (C. officinalis Martyn). Western Asia, cult. in southern Europe. Saffron, Autumnal Crocus, Spanish Saf- fron. Saffron raised in Pennsylvania is locally known as Amer- ican Saffron, a name elsewhere applied to Carthamus, q. v. Stigmas; Crocus, U.S. P., Br., Stigmata Croci, Saffron; Ger. Fr. Safran (Codex); Sp. Azafran; aromatic, diaphoretic, em-- menagogue. (b.) C. serdtinus Salisb. (C. odorus Bivona) of southern Europe also yields Saffron. 602. CROOMIA, Torr. Croomia. Roxburghiaceae. Herbs. ‘Two species, one of Japan, one of Florida. 603. CROSSOPTERYX, Fenzl. Crossopteryx. Rubiaceae. From Greek, ‘‘tassel wing”. Trees with bitter bark. One or: two species, Africa. a. C. febrifuga Benth. (C. Kotschyana Fenz.). Tropical Africa.. Bark febrifuge, containing a bitter alkaloid. 604. CROSSOSOMA, Nutt. Crossosoma. Ranunculaceae. Sub-shrubs. Two known species, California. 605. CROTALARIA, L. Rattle-box. Papilionaceae. From Greek, “‘rattle’’ (pod.) | Herbs, sometimes shrubby. About 250 species, mostly tropical; 9 in U. S. a. C. juncea L. Southern Asia, nat. in Australia, etc. Yields a strong fibre called Bengal, Bombay, Madras or Sunn hemp. A valuable fodder plant. Several other species yield useful fibres, notably (b) (. Burhia Hamilton of Afghanistan, and (c) C. rettisa L., East Indies, nat. in Brazil. d. C. sagittdlis L. Eastern U. 8. to Mexico. Rattle-box, Wild Pea, Loco-weed*. See Astragalus (c) and (p), also Spiesia. 606. CROTON, L. - Croton. Euphorbiaceae, Greek name of Ricinus, both words meaning a “tick’?, Syn. Aleurites, Clutia, Tiglium, in part. Herbs or shrubs. About G00 species, warm and temperate regions; 25 in U. 8. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 123: a. C. aromaticus L. (A. laccifera Willd. C. lacciferus L.). India. Lac tree. One of the trees yielding shellac, a resinous exudate caused by the puncture of an insect; Lac (Seed-lac, grain-lac, stick-lac, etc.); Lacca, Resina lacca; Ger. Lack, Gummilack; Fr. Laque, Gomme lacque; Sp. Goma Jaca. See: Butea, Covillea, Erythrina, Ficus and Schleichera. b. C. Elutéria (L.) Bennett (Clutia Eluteria L.). Bahamas. Sweetwood tree. Bark; Cascarlla, U. S. P., Br., Cortex cascarille, Cort. eluteriae v. thuris; Ger. Kaskarillrinde, Kas- karille; Fr. Cascarille officinale (Codex), Ghacrille, Ecorce: Eleuthérienne; Sp. Cascarilla; stimulant tonic. [The bark of (c) C. Cascarilla (L.) Bennett (Clutia Cascarilla L.) may be sometimes sold as Cascarilla bark. ] d. ©. Mal4mbo Karst. Venezuela. Source of Malambo bark. Properties of (b). « C. monothédgynus Michx. Southern U. S. and Mexico. Prairie Tea. > . C. niveus Jacq. (C. Pseudo-China Schlecht.). Mexico. Source of Copalchi bark; bitter, nervine, antiperiodic. C. pavana Hamilton. [Perhaps not distinct from (h)]. Seeds,, Tilly-seeds, purgative. or bh. C. Tiglium L. (T. officinale Klotsch). East Indies. Croton- oil plant. Seeds Molucca grains, Croton seeds; Semen tiglii v. crotonis, Grana tiglii; Ger. Granatill, Purgirkérner; Fr. Cro- ton tiglium, Graine de Tilly ou des Moluques (Codex), Petits. pignons d’ Inde; Sp. Grana tiglio; purgative. Source of Oleum Tiglii, U. 8. P., Oleum Crotonis, Br., P. G; Croton oil; Ger. Crotonél, Granadillél. 607. CRUSEA, Cham. & Sch. (not Rich. ). Crusea. Rubiaceae. Named for Prof. W. Cruse of Koenigsburg. Herbs. About. 10 species, mostly of Mexico and Central America; 3 in U. S. 608. CRYPTANTHE, Lehm. 1832. Cryptanthe. Boraginaceae. From Greek, ‘‘hidden flower’. Syn. Krynitzkia, F. & M. 1841. Low annuals. About 50 species, America; 46 in U. 8. 609. CRYPTOCARYA, R. Br. (Cryptocaria). Lauraceae. From Greek, ‘‘hidden nut”. Trees. About 45 species, tropical regions. a. C. moschata Nees. & Mart. Brazil. Brazilian Nutmeg tree. Fruit aromatic, resembling true nutmeg. 610. CRYPTOGRAMMA, R. Br. Rock Brake. Polypodiaceae. From Greek, “‘hidden writing’, alluding to the concealed sporangia. Small ferns. Two species, one in boreal Europe and Asia, one in northern U. S. 611. CUBEBA, Raf. - _Cubeb. - _ Piperaceae. From vernacular, Persia or India. Syn. Piper (Kew), in part. About 20 species, tropical Asia and Africa. 124 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS a. C. Cubéba (L. f.) Lyons (P. Cubeba L. f., C. officinalis Miq. ). Java and adjacent Islands. Cubeb plant, Cubeb Pepper. Un- ripe fruit; Cubeba. U. S. P., Cubebae fructus, Br., Baccae cubebae, Piper caudatum; Cubeb, Cubebs, Tailed Pepper, Java Pepper; Ger. Kubeben, Schwindelkérner, Schwanzpfeffer; Fr. Cubébe, Poivre & queue (Codex); Sp. Cubebas; stimulant, expectorant, diuretic, balsamic. : Other species yielding very similar fruits are (b) C. Lowong Miq. (Piper Lowong BI.); (c) C. Wallichii_Mig. (Piper ribesoides Wallich) and ta} C. erdssipes Miq. (Piper crassipes Korthals). The fruit of (e) C. canina Mig. (Piper caninum Bl.) is smaller; that of (f) C. Clisii Mig. (Piper Clusii C. DC.) of western Africa resembles Cubeb in appearance but contains piperine instead of cubebin; called African Black Pepper, Cu- beb Pepper, Ashantee or Guinea Pepper, Guinea or African Cubeb. 612. CUBELIUM, Raf. 1824. _ Green Violet. _Violaceae. From Greek mythological character, Cybele. Syn. Solea, Spreng. 1813 [not Spreng. 1800]. Herb with inconspicuous flowers. A single species, Canada and northeastern U. 8. 618. CUCUMIS, L. Cucumber, Melon. __Cucurbitaceae. Latin name of Cucumber, whence also the English word Cu- cumber. Syn. Melo, Bryonia, in part. Herbaceous vines. About 30 species, chiefly of tropical Asia and Africa. a. C. Mélo L. (M. vulgaris Cogn., M. sativus Sagaret.). Central Asia, now universally cult.” Melon, Musk-melon (i. e. Muscat Melon), Cantaloupe (Cantaleup), Nutmeg Melon, Abdalavi (Egypt), Conomon (Japan). Var. flexuosus L. is the Serpent Melon or Snake Cucumber; var. Didaim L.(C. odoratissimus Moench), Vegetable Pomegranate Queen Anne’s Pocket Melon, Smelly-million|; var. Chito Morr. is Vegetable Orange, Lemon or Apple, Vine Peach. Fruit esculent. Seeds (cold seeds) emollient. See 614 (d). b. C. myriocarpus Naud. S. Africa. Cacur. Pulp of fruit eme- tic, cathartic, resembling colocynth. c. C. sativus L. Central and southern Asia, now universally cult. Cucumber, Gherkin, Gerkin (the young fruit or a small-fruited variety); Ger. Gurke; Fr. Concombre (Codex); Sp. Cohombro. Juice of fruit, also seeds (cold seeds), emollient. See 614 (d). d. C. trigonus Rottb. (B. callosa Roxb.). India. Fruit bitter, purgative. Seeds anthelmintic. 614. CUCURBITA, L. Pumpkin, ete. Cucurbitaceae. Ancient Latin name of Gourd, whence also the English word Gourd. Syn. Cucumis, in part. Herbaceous vines. About 10 species; 6 in U. 8. a. C. foetidissima H. B. K. (C. perennis A. Gray, Cucumis eee James). Nebraska to Texas, Mexico and California. issouri Gourd, Calabazilla, Wild Pumpkin, Chili Cojote. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 125 b. C. maxima Duchesne. Tropical Asia, widely cult. Squash, (formerly Squanter-squash, from Indian Askutasquash), Vine- apple||, Winter Squash, Turban Squash, Large Gourd or Pom- pion of England, Vegetable-marrow, Varieties are the Hubbard, Pace Marrow, etc. Fr. Courge potiron (Codex). Fruit esculent. e. C, moschata Duchesne. Tropical Asia, widely cult. Crook- neck Squash; China, Cushaw or Canada Crook-neck, Winter Crook-neck Squash. J rwit esculent. d. C. Pépo L. North America, widely cult. Pumpkin (of Amer- ica), Pompion. The type is the common Field or Yellow Pumpkin. Among the varietiesare the Scallop Squashes, the Summer Crook-neck or Warty Squashes and some of the ornamental Gourds. Jruit generally esculent, although of coarse fibre. Seeds; Pepo, U. S. P., Semen peponis, Semina cucurbite, Pumpkin seeds, Ger. Kiirbissamen, Kiirbiskérner, Graumontsamen; Fr. Semences de potirons; taenicide, emollient (One of the four ‘‘cold seeds”, the others being those of melon, cucumber and gourd). 615. CUMINUM, L. Cumin. Umbelliferae. The ancient Greek name. Herb with aromatic fruit. One species. a. C. Cyminum L. (C. odorum Salisb.). Northern Africa, cult. in southern Europe, ete. Cumin (Cummin), Sweet Cumin. Fruit, Fructus cumini (cymini), Semen cumini; Ger. Hafer- kiimmel, Kramkiimmel, Mutterkiimmel, Pfefferkiimmel, Rém- ischer Kiimmel; Fr. Cumin (Codex); Sp. Comino; carminative, resembling caraway. 616. CUNILA, L. Stone-mint, ete. Labiatae. The Latin name of an Origanum. Sym. Hedyosmos, Satu- reia, in part. Herbs or low shrubs. About 15 species, all American; lin U. 8. a. C. origanoides (L.) Britton (S. origanoides L. 1753, Cunila Mariana L. 1759, H. origanoides Kze.). New York to Ohio and south to Florida. American Dittany, Stone Mint, Sweet Horse-mint, Mountain Dittany, Wild Basil, High Pennyroyal, Maryland Cunila. Herb diaphoretic. 617. CUPRESSUS, L, Cypress. - Pinaceae. The ancient Greek name, whence the English word Cypress. Evergreen trees. About 12 species, temperate regions, Europe, Asia and North America; 5 in U. 8. a. C. macrocarpa Hartweg. California. Monterey Cypress. b. C. sempérvirens L. Persia and the Levant. Cypress tree, Oriental or European Cypress. 618. CURCAS, Adans. Purging-nut. Euphorbiaceae. Syn. Jatropha, in part. Herbs or shrubs, tropical America. 126 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS a. C. plirgans Adans. (C. Adansonii Endl., Jatropha Curcas L.). est Indies and 8. America. Purging-nut tree. Seeds; Cur- cas, Semen ricini majoris, Sem. curcadis, Sem. ficus infernalis, Nuces catharticae americane; Physic-nut, Barbados-nut, Purging-nut; Ger. Schwarze Brechniisse, Grosse Purgirntisse, Grosse Ricinussamen. Seeds and oil expressed therefrom powerfully cathartic. Leaves galactagogue. (b) C. multi- fidus (L.) Endl. (Jatropha multifida L.), South America, has similar properties. 619. CURCUMA, L. - Turmeric. Marantaceae. From Arabic name of Saffron. Syn. Amomum, in part. Herbaceous plants from fleshy rhizomes. About 35 species, warmer regions of Old World to Oceanica. a. C. angustifélia Roxb. East Indies. Rhizomes of this and some other species yield East Indian Arrow-root, Tikor. See Maranta. b. C. aromidtica Salisb. (C. Zedoaria Roxb.). East Indies. Round Zedoary; Fr. Zédoarie ronde (Codex). Properties of (e). e. C. longa L. (A. Curcuma Jacq.; includes C. rotunda L.), India, cult. in many tropical countries. Turmeric plant. Indian Saffron, Huldee (India). Rhizome, Rhizoma (Radix) curcumae; Turmeric (i. e. terra merita), Curcuma; Ger. Kur- kuma, Gilbwurzel, Gelber Ingwer, Gelbsuchtwurzel; Fr. Cur- cuma long et rond (Codex); aromatic, condiment; yields a yellow dye. (d) C. viridifloéra. Roxb. also yields turmeric. . C. Zedodria Rose. (A. Zedoaria Willd., C. Zerumbet Roxb., A. Zerumbet Koenig). East Indies. Zedoary. Rhizome; Zedoaria; Rhizoma (Radix) zedoariae; Ger. Zarnabac, Zitt- werwurzel, Langer Zittwer, Giftheil; Fr. Zédoaire longue. Pungent, closely resembling ginger in properties and use. ® 620. cUSCUTA, L. - Dodder. Cuseutaceae. Latin from the Arabic name. Leafless white or yellow parasitic vines. About 100 species; 25 in U.S. a. (. Epilinum Weihe. Europe, nat. in U. SS. Flax Dodder (Dother), Flax-drop, Flax-vine. Names applied to the various species are Beggar-weed, Bind, Hale-, Hell- or Hairy- bind, Hell-weed, Hail-weed, Hair-weed, Devil’s-guts, Fordboh, Love- vine, Podder, Scald-weed, Scold, Strangle-tare, Strangle-weed. p. C. Epithymum Murr. (C. Trifolii Bab.). _ Europe, adv. in U.S. Thyme Dodder, Clover Dodder, Lesser or Lucerne Dodder. (The Dodders generally are named from their host- plants, as Smartweed Dodder, Hazel Dodder, etc. 621. CUSPARIA, Humb. 1814. Angostura. Rutaceae. Syn. Bonplandia, Willd. 1802 not Cav. 1800, Angostura, R. & S. 1819; Galipea, in part. Shrubs or small trees. About 380 species, tropical America. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. Tor aC. Angostira (Rich. ) Lyons (B. Angostura Rich, G. Cusparia St. Wil., G. febrifuga Bail. G. officinalis Hancock,C. febrifuga Humb, (Kew), B. trifoliata Willd.). Northern S$. America. Bark Cuspariae cortex, Br. Angustura, Cortex angusturae; Angostura or Angustura bark, Carony bark; Ger. Angustura- rinde; Ir, Angusture vraie (Codex); bitter, tonic, stomachie. 622. CYATHEA, Sm. ‘Tree-fern. Polypodiaceae. From Greek, “cup”, alluding to the indusium. Syn. Poly- podiumf, in part. Arborescent ferns. About 25 species, natives of tropical regions. a. C. medulliris (Forst.) Swz. (VP. medullare Forst.). New Zealand. Medullary substance of caudex edible. 628. CYCAS, L. Fern Palm, Sago Palm*. Cycadacene. Greek name ofa Palm. Palm-like plants. About 20 species, tropical Australia, Asia and Polynesia. a. C. eireinilis L. Malabar. Malabar Sago Palm or Fern Palm, Madu-nut. Trunk yields sayo, as in the true Sago Palms. (b) G. revolita Thunb. of Japan and other species also yield Sago. Both species are cult. as house plants. 624. CYCLADENTA, Benth. Cycladenia. Apocynaceae. From Greek, ‘‘ring gland”. Low perennial herbs. One or two species, California. 625. CYCLAMEN, IL. Cyclamen, Sow-bread. — Primulaceae. The ancient Greek name. Stemless perennials from tuberous rhizomes, About 12 species, Mediterranean region to central Asia. a. C. Europaéum L. Southern Europe. Sow-bread, Swine-bread, Ground-bread, Bleeding-nun; Ger. Irdscheibe, Erdbrod, Schweinbrod; Fr. Pain de poreeau, Arthanite; Sp. Pan de puerco. Tuber drastic cathartic, emetic. 626. CYCLOLOMA, Moq. — Tumble weed. Chenopodiaceae. rom Greek, “circle border’, alluding to calyx. A pigweed- like herb (Winged Pigweed?). One species, U. 8. 637. CYCLOPLA, Vent. Bush Tea. Papilionaceae. Named for the Cyclops of mythology. Shrubs. About 10 species, South Africa, a. GC. galeoides DC., (b) C. latifolia DC., (c) C.. sessilifléra Eckl. & Zeyh., (d) C. subtermita Vog. (C. intermedia E. Meven, (. Vogelii Harv.) and other species, yield the Bush tea of 8S. Africa, African Tea; Ger, Honigthee, Birsthee, Capthee, Buschthee, used as a beverage; expectorant, diaphoretic. 628. CYDONIA, Mill. 1752. Quine. Pomaceae. Latin name, from Cydonia, a town in Crete. Syn. Pyrus, Sorbus, in part. Shrubs or small trees. Europe and Asia. a, C. Cydonia (L) Lyons (P. Cydonia L. (Kew), C. vulgaris Pers., C. Europaea Savi, S. Cydonia Cranz). Asia and Europe, widely cult. Quince tree. Probably the golden ap- 128 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS ples of the Hesperides; Ger. Quittenbaum; Fr. Cognassier, fruit; Fractus (Poma) cydoniae; Ger. Quitten; Fr. Coing (Co- dex); Sp. Membrillo, Portuguese Marmelo, whence our word marmalade; esculent, astringent. Seeds; Cydonium, Semen cy- doniae, Quince seed; Ger. Quittensamen, Quittenkérner; Fr. Semences (Pépins) de coing; mucilaginous, demulcent. [The ornamental Japanese Quince is (b) C. Japonica (Thunb. ) Pers. ] 629. CYMBALARIA, Medic. Kenilworth Ivy. Scrophulariaceae. From Greek, ‘‘cymbal’’. Syn. Antirrhinum, Linaria, in part. Creeping or spreading herbs. About 10 species, Old World. a. C. Cymbaladria (L.) Wettst. (H. Cymbalaria L., L. Cymba- laria Mill.). Europe, adv. in U. 8. Kenilworth Ivy, Coli- seum Ivy, Ivy-leaved Toad-flax, Wandering Jew, Ivy-weed, Aaron’s-beard, Mother-of-thousands, Oxford-weed, Pedlar’s- basket, Pennywort, Climbing or Roving Sailor, Rabbits. 680. CYNANCHUM, L. 1753. Swallowwort*. Asclepiadaceae. From Greek, “dog-strangling”. Syn. Vincetoxicum, Moench 1794 (not Walt. 1788), Asclepias, in part. Mostly perennial vines. About 100 species, Old and New Worlds; 3 in U. S. a. C. actitum L. (C. Monspeliacum L.). Europe and Asia. French or Montpelier Scammony, from the milk sap of this plant, has been used in place of true scammony. b. C. Vincetéxicum (L.) Pers. (V. officinale Moench (Kew), A. Vincetoxicum L.). Europe. Swallowwort, White Swallow- wort, German Contrayerva, T'ame-poison; Ger. Schwalbenwurz, Giftwende, Giftwurz, Gottesgabwurz; Fr. Asclépiade, Dompte- venin (Codex), Hirundinaire. Root, Rad. vincetoxici v. hirundinariae v. asclepiadis; emetic, cathartic, diuretic, sudorific. 631. CYNARA, Bi Artichoke. Compositae. The classical name. Thistle-like herbs. About 8 species, Mediterranean region. a. ©. Cardineulus L. Southern Europe, and widely cult. Car- doon. Blanched leaf stalks esculent. Flowers used in France to coagulate milk. b. C. Sedlymus L. Southern Europe, northern Africa, and widely cult. Artichoke, Bur Artichoke. Fieshy scales of tlower heads edible when freed from the bristles or ‘choke’. The ‘‘chard” or blanched central leaf stalk is also eaten. Artichoke is re- puted a blood purifier, diuretic and cholagogue. 632. CYNOCTONUM, J. G. Gmel. 1791. Loganiaceae. ‘From Greek, ‘dog slaying’. Syn. Mitreola R. Br. 1810; Ophiorhiza, in part. Herbs. About 5 species; 1 in U. 8. 683, CYNOGLOSSUM, L. Hound’s-tongue. Boraginaceae. From Greek, ‘“‘dog’s-tongue’. Herbs with bur-like fruits. About 75 species; 5 in U. 8, SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 129 a. C.: officindle L. Europe, widely nat. in U.S. Hound’s-tongue, Gypsy-flower, Dog’s-tongue, Dog-bur, Canadian Bur, Sheep- lice, Tory-weed, Rose-noble; Ger. Hundszunge, Venusfinger; Fr. Cynoglosse (Codex), Langue de chien. Root and herb sedative, lenitive, expectorant. b. C. Virginicum L. Canada to Florida and Kansas. Wild Comfrey, Dog-bur. 684. CYNOSCIADIUM, DC. Cynosciadium. Umbelliferae. From Greek, ‘dog celery’. Small annuals. Two species, both of southern U. 8. 635. CYPERUS, L. Galingale, Cypress-grass. | Cyperaceae. The ancient Greek name. Syn. Pycreus, Papyrus, in part. Sedges with umbellate or capitate inflorescence. About 650 species; 77 in U. 8. a. C. articulatus L. Tropical regions. Adrue, Guinea Rush. Ehizome anti-emetic, carminative. b. C. esculéntus L. A widely distributed species, sometimes a troublesome weed. Nut-grass. Tubers, Karth-nut, Earth or Ground Almond, Rush-nut, Chufa; Fr. Souchet comestible, Amandes de terre; edible, rich in oil of agreeable flavor for salad oil; roasted, a substitute for coffee. The American (c) C. phymatédes Muhl. is referred by some to this species, but its tubers are very small. d. C. léngus L. (C. officinalis T. Nees.) Europe. English Galingale (Galangal), Sweet Cyperus. Rhizome, Cypress-root, tonic, stomachic. [(e) C. odoratus L. (Pycreus polystachys sie of India has similar properties in a more marked de- gree. f. C. Papyrus L. (Papyrus antiquorum Willd.). Northeastern Africa to Syria. Papyrus Sedge, Papyrus, Bullrush of Egypt. Anciently known as Biblus, whence our word Bible. Formerly used as we now use paper, that word being derived from Papy- rus. [Similar but much smaller is the Umbrella plant (g) C. alternifélius L., a common house plant. ] h. C. vagindtus R. Br. (C. textilis F. Muell.). Australia and 8. Africa. A valuable fibre plant, used for making ropes, mats, ete. In China (i) C. tegétum Roxb. and in Hawaii (j) C. laevigatus L., Ehuawa, is cultivated for the same uses. 686. CYPRIPEDIUM, L. Ladies’ -slipper. Orchidaceae. From Greek, ‘‘Venus’ buskin”. Perennial herbs with showy flowers. About 40 species, temperate and tropical regions; 11 inU. 8. ° a C. aeatle Ait. Canada and northeastern U. S. Stemless. Ladies’-slipper, Pink or Purple Ladies’-slipper, Camel’s-foot, Whip-poor-will’s-shoe. Other names applied indiscriminately to our native species, except (b), are Moccasin-flower, Indian- moccasin, American or Wild Valerian, Nerve-root, Noah’s-ark, Indian-shoe, Squirrel-shoes, Venus’-shoe, Ducks, Old-goose,, Two-lips. 130 ' PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS b. C. arietinum R. Br. Canada and northeastern U. 8. Ram’s- -head Ladies’ -slipper, Ram’s-head. ce. C. ecAndidum Willd. New York to Minnesota and Missouri. Small White Ladies’-slipper. d. C. hirstitum Mill. (C. pubescens Willd.). Nova Scotia south to Alabama and west to Nebraska and Missouri. Yellow Ladies’-slipper, Yellow Moccasin-flower, Venus’-shoe, Venus’ - cup, Yellow Indian-shoe, American Valerian, Nerve-root, Male Nervine, Yellow Noak’s-ark, Yellows, Monkey-flower, Umbil-root, Yellow Umbil (Umble or Umbel); Ger. Gelb- frauenshuhwurz; Fr. Cypripede jaune, Valériane americaine. Rhizome and rootlets (of this and the following species); Cypri- pedium, U.S. P., Rhizoma cypripedii, Ladies’-slipper; anti- spasmodic, nervine. e. C. parviflérum Salisb. British Americato Georgia, Missouri and Oregon. Small Yellow Ladies’-slipper. Synonyms and properties of (d), the two species being closely similar. f. C. reginae Walt. (C. spectabile Salisb., C. album Ait.). _ Nova Scotia to Georgia and Minnesota. Showy Ladies’-slipper, Female Nervine, Pink Moccasin-flower. 637. CYRILLA, Gard. Leatherwood, ete. Cyrillaceae. Named for D. Cyrillo, Italian physician. Shrubs or small trees. Two species, southern U. 8. and tropical America. a. C. racemifl6ra Walt. Southeastern U. S. Southern Leather- wood, Burn-wood, Ironwood, He-Huckleberry, White or Red Titi. : 638. CYRTOPODIUM, R. Br. Cyrtopodium. Orchidaceae. From Greek, ‘‘curved foot’’. Fleshy-stemmed orchids, very showy. About 28 species, tropical America; 2 in U. 8. 639. CYRTORHYNCHA, Nutt. Buttercup. Ranunculaceae. From Greek, ‘“‘curved beak’. Syn. Kanunculus, in part. Herb resembling Ranunculus. One species, central U. 8. 640. CYSTOPTERIS, Bernh. Brittle Fern. Polypodiaceae. From Greek, “‘bladder fern’’, referring to inflated indusium. Rock ferns. About 5 species; 3 in U.S. a. C. fragilis (L.) Bernh. (P. fragile L.). Cosmopolitan. Brit- tle Fern, Bottle Fern, White-oak Fern. 641. CYTISUS, L. Broom. Papilionaceae. Ancient Greek name ofa leguminous plant. Syn. Genista, Laburnum, Sarothamnus, Spartium, in part. Shrubs, often spiny. About 45 species, Old World. a. ©. Labtirnum L. (L. anagyroides Medic. (Kew), L. vulgare Presl.). Southern Europe. Laburnum, Bean-trefoil, Golden- chain, Golden-shower, He-Broom, False Ebony, Ebony of the Alps; Ger. Goldregen, Bohnenbaum; Fr. Faux Ebénier, Cytise. Seeds sedative, soporitic, narcoto-acrid, aperient. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 131 b. C. Scopdrius (L.) Link. (Spar. Scoparium L., Sar. Scoparius Koch, G. Scoparia Lam.). Northern Asia, Europe. adv. in U. S. Broom; Green, Scotch or Irish Broom, Hag-weed, Bannal, Besom; Ger. Besenkraut, Besenginster, Pfriemenkraut; Fr. Genét & balais. Tops; Scoparius. U.S. P., Scoparii cacu- mina, Br.; sedative, diuretic. In Germany the flowers also, Flores genistae, Fl. spartii scoparii, are used. 642. DALIBARDA, L. Dewdrop. Rosaceae. Named for T. F. Dalibard, French botanist, 18th Century. A downy tufted herb. One species, northeastern U. 8. and Canada. * 648. DAMASONIUM, Juss. Damasonium. —_Alismaceae. Syn. Actinocarpus, in part. Aquatic herbs. About 4 spe- cies; 1 in U. 8. 644, DAPHNE, L. Spurge Laurel. Thymeliaceae. Ancient Greek name, from the Nymph Daphne. Evergreen shrubs. About 40 species, Europe and Asia. a. D. Gnidium L. Southern Europe. Spurge Flax, Mezereon; Fr. Garou, Sainbois (Codex). See (c). b. D. Lauréola L. Central Europe. Spurge Laurel, Dwarf Bay, Copse or Wood Laurel, Lady Laurel, Fox-poison, Mezereon, Sturdy Lowries. See (c). c. D. Mezéreum L. Northern Asia and Europe, adv. in U. S. Mezereon, Mysterious plantt, Dwarf Bay, Daffadowndilly*, Magell, Paradise plant, Spurge Flax, Spurge Olive, Wild Pepper; Ger. Kellerhals, Seidelbast; Fr. Mézéréon, Bois gentil (Codex); Sp. Macereon, Torviso. Bark of all three species; Mezereon, U. S. P., Mezerei cortex, Br., Cort. thymelex v. coceognidii; acrid, irritant, alterative. Fruit, German Pepper, has been used to adulterate black pepper. 645. DAPHNOPSIS, Mart. & Zucc. Daphnopsis. Thymeliaceae. From Greek, ‘Daphne-like’. Syn. Daphne, in part. Shrubs. About 15 species, tropical America. a. D. salicifélia Meissn. (Daphne salicifolia Kunth.). Mexico. Leaves epispastic. 646. DASYLIRION, Zuce. Dasylirion. Liliaceae. From Greek, ‘‘dense (flowered) lily’? Plants with woody stem. About 19 species, Mexico and adjacent regions; 2 in U.S. 647. DASYSTOMA, Raf. False Foxglove. Serophulariaceae. From Greek, ‘‘dense (bearded) mouth’. Syu. Gerardia, Rhinanthus, in part. Rather robust herbs with showy yellow flowers. Six species, all of eastern N. America; 5 in U. 8. a. D. Pedicularia (L.) Benth. (G. Pedicularia L.). Canada and eastern U.S. Fern-leaved False Foxglove, Bushy Gerardia, Lousewort, American Foxglove, Fever-weed. 132 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS b. D. Virginicus (L.) Brit. (R. Virginicus L., G. quercifolia Pursh, D. quercifolia Benth.). Eastern U. S. Smooth or Oak-leaved False Foxglove, Golden Oak. 648. DATISCA, L. - _ Datisca. -_ Datiscaceae. Syn. Tricerastes, Pres]. Annual herbs. Two known species, one in Asia, one in California. 649. DATURA, L. Thorn-apple, etc. Solanaceae. From vernacular, Hindustan(?). Syn. Brugmansia, in part. Robust herbs with showy flowers, some tropical species shrubs. About 20 species; 6 in U. S. including those naturalized. a. D. arborea L. (B. arborea Steud.). Tropical America, cult. for ornament in California. Brugmansia, Floribunda, Flori- pondaf. b. D. Straménium L. Asia, now a cosmopolitan weed. Stramon- ium, Thorn-upple, Jamestown-weed, Jimsou-weed, James- town Lily, Devil’s-apple, Devil’s-trumpet, Mad-apple, Apple of Peru, Stink-weed, Stink, Fire-weed, Dewtry; Ger. Stechap- fel, Dornapfel; Fr. Stramoine, Pomme épineuse (Codex); Sp. Estramonio, Toloache. Leaves; Stramonii folia, U. S. P., Br., Herba stramonii, Herba daturae. Seeds; Stramonii semen, U.S. P., Br., Semina stramonii v. daturae; sedative anodyne, deliriant. c. D. Tatula L. [probably only a variety of (b)]. South America, nat. in U. 8. Purple Thorn-apple, Purple Stramonium. Very similar to the last and having identical properties. Seve- ral other species are used as narcotics, notably (d) D. fastuésa L. (D. alba Nees) of India; (e) D. Métel L., Africa and southern Asia, and (f) D. sanguinea Ruiz et Pav. of Peru, from the seeds of which an intoxicating drink is prepared. 650. DAUBENTONIA, DC. _Daubentonia. _Papilionaceae. Named for M. Daubenton, French botanist. Syn. Sesbania, in part. Small shrubs with quadrangular pods. “About 4 spe- cies, sub-tropical America; 1 in U. &. 651. DAUCUS, L. Carrot. - _Umbelliferae. The ancient Greek name. Annual or biennial herbs with dissected compound leaves. About 25 species; 1 in U. S. a. D. Caréta L. Northern Asia and Europe, widely nat. and cult. Carrot. The wild plant is called Wild Carrot, Bee’s-nest or Bird’s-nest plant, Devil’s-plague, Dawke, Fiddle, Hill-trot, Lace-flower, Mirrot, Rantipole; Ger. Mihre, Gelbe Riibe; Fr. Carotte (Codex); Sp. Zannahoria. Fruit of wild plant, Fruc- tus carotae v. dauci, diuretic, emmenagogue. Root vulnerary, esculent. i 652. DECODON, J. F. Gmel. (Decadon). Lythraceae. From Greek, ‘“‘ten toothed’’, of the calyx. Syn. Nessaea, Lythrum, in part. Aquatic herb. One species. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR, 183 a, D. eo eil ellen ele (L. verticillatum L., N. verticillata H. B. K.)., Eastern U. 8. and Canada. Swamp Loose-strife, aa Willow-herb, Wild Oleander, Veat-weed, Slink-weed. 658. DECUMARIA, L. Decumaria. Saxifragacene. From Latin, “ten parted’. Woody climber. One species, southeastern U. S. 654. DEINANDRA, Circene. Deinandra. Compositac. From Greck, “terrible man’. Syn. Hemizonia, in part. Herbs. Six known species, southwestern U.S. 655. DELABECHEA, Lindl. Bottle tree. Stereutiaceae. Named for Sir in T. De la Béche, geologist, 19th Century. Syn. Sterculia, in part. An Australian tree with trunk bulged in barrel form, One species; (a) D. rupéstris Lindl. (8. rupestris Benth. ), Australia. 656. DELPHINIUM, L. Larkspur. Ranunenlaceae. Latin “dolphin-like’, of the flower. Syn, Staphisagria, in part. Hreet herbs with showy blue, red or white flowers. About 60 species, north temperate zone; 46 in U.S. aD. Ajacis LL. Southern Kurope and cult, in gardens. The com- mon Larkspur of country gardens. Properties of (¢). iam dD. Carolinianum Walt. (D. azureum Michx.). Prairies of Central U.S. Azure, Blue, Carolina or Prairie Larkspur. D. Consélida L. Central Kurope, cult. in gardens and adv. in U.S. Field Larkspur, Knights-spur, Lark-heel, Lark’ s-claw, Stageerweed, King’s Consound; Ger. Rettersporn, ILerehen- klauc, Hornktim nel; Fr. Pied d’alouette Leaves, flowers and seeds; Ierba, Ilores, Semen consolidae (regalis), v. calcilrippae; acrid, irritant, emeto-cathartic, alterative. (‘The seeds were ollicial as Delphinium, U. 8. P., 1870.) £ d. D. Staphisigria 1. (S. macrocarpa Spach., D. officinale Wenderoth). Mediterranean basin, Lousewort. Seeds; Staph- isagria, U.S. B., Staphisagriae semina, Br., Sem. staphidis agriac, Sem. pedicularis; Stavesacre seed; Ger. Stephanskérner, Stafadriansamen, Peele eae Litusepfeller, Rattenpfeller; Ir. Staphisaigre (Codex); Sp. Mstalisagria, Albarraz; used as a parasiticide. e D. trolliifolinm A. Gr. California. © Cow-poison, f. D. urceohitum Jacq. (D. exaltatum Ait.). Pennsylvania to Ala- bama, west to Nebraska, also cult. in gardens. ‘Tall Larkspur. This and our other numerous species have properties of (c). 657. DENDRIUM, Pesy. 1813. Sand Myrtle. — Eriecaceae, From Greek, “tree like’. Syn. Leiophyllum Pers. 1805, not Krhr, 1780. Shrubs. ‘Two known species, eastern UL 8. 658. DENDROMECON, Benth. ‘Tree Poppy. Pa pAVeETACCAC. From Greek, “tree poppy’. Shrubby plants. ‘Two species, California. 134 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS 659. DENDROPHYLAX, Reichb. Dendrophylax. Orchidaceae. From Greek, ‘‘tree guard’. Leafless epiphytes. Two spe- cies, West Indies; 1 in U. 8. 660. DENTARIA, L. Toothwort, Pepper-root. Cruciferae. From Latin, ‘‘toothed”, of the rootstocks. Syn. Cardamine (Kew), in part. Perennial herbs from scaly or toothed root- stocks. About 16 species, all of U. S. a. D. diphyila Michx. (C. diphylla Wood). Canada and_north- eastern U. 8. Two-leaved Toothwort or Tooth-root, Pepper- root, Crinkle-root, Trickle. Root of this and other species, antiscorbutic, resembling horseradish. b. D. lacinidta Muhl. Canada and eastern U. S&S. Cut-leaved Toothwort or Pepper-root, Crow-toe, Crow-foot*. 661. DERINGA, Adans. 1763. Honewort. _ Umbelliferae. Syn. Cryptotaenia, DC. 1829. Perennial herb. One species, eastern U.S. 662. DIAMORPHA, Nutt. Diamorpha. Crassulaceae. From Greek, ‘doubly anomalous’. Lowherb. One species, southeastern U. S. 6638. DIANTHERA, L. Water-willow, Acanthaceae. From Greek, “doubly anthered’. Herbs. About 100 spe- cies, mostly tropical America; 5 in U. S. 664. DIANTHUS, L. Pink, Carnation, ete. Caryophyllaceae. Greek, ‘‘the flower of Zeus.’’ Syn. Tunica, in part. Herbs, mostly perennial. About 200 species, Old World, 1 in boreal America. Several species cult. in gardens, notably, (a) D. Caryophyllus L., Carnation, Carnation or Clove Gillitlower, Clove Pink, Picotee, Grenadine, ete., (b) D. barbatus L., Sweet William, Bunch Pink, French Pink, Blooming-down, London-pride, London-tuft, Snowflake, Sweet-John, Tolmeiner; (c) D. prolifer L. [T. prolifera Scop. (Kew)], Childing or Proliferous Pink; (d) D. plumarius L., Common Pink of old gardens, Grass Pink. 665. DYAPEDIUM, Konig. 1806. Diapedium. Acanthaceae. From Greek, “over plains’? (?). Syn. Dicliptera (Kew), Juss.1807; Justicia, in part. Herbs. About 60 species, warmer regions; 4 in U.S. 666. DIAPENSIA, L. Diapensia. Diapensiaceae. Evergreen sub-shrubs. Two species, one of Himalayas, one circumpolar (northern U. 8. ). 667. DICHAETOPHORA, Gray. Dichactophora. Compositae. From Greek, ‘bearing two bristles’. Syn. Boltonia, in part. A Daisy-like winter annual. One species, Texas. 668. DICHONDRA, Forst. Dichondra. Convolvulaceae. From Greek, ‘‘two kerneled’’. Syn. Sibthorpia, in part. Round-leaved prostrate or creeping herbs. About 5 species, warm regions, 2 in U. 8. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 135 669. DICKSONIA, L’ Her. Dicksonia- Polypodiaceae. Named for James Dickson, English botanist, d. 1822. Syn. Balantium, in part. Large Ferns, tropical species often arbor- escent. About 50 species; 1 in U. §. a. D. chrysétricha Moore (B. chrysotrichum Hassk.). Java. Capillary chaff from base of stipes is Paku-kidang or Pakoe- kidang, used in surgery asastyptic, see Alsophila, and Cibotium. 670. DICORIA, T. & Gr. Dicoria. Compositae. From Greek, ‘‘two bugs’, alluding to appearance of akenes. Herbs. Two known species, Arizona to California. 671. DICRANOCARPUS, Gray. Dicranocarpus. Compositae. From Greek, ‘‘pitchfork fruit?’ An inconspicuous annual herb. One species, Texas. 672. DICRAURUS, Hook.f. Dicraurus. Amaranthaceae. Herb. One species, Texas. 678. DICTAMNUS, L. Dittany. Rutaceae. The classical name from Mt. Dicte. Strong-scented herb with showy flowers. One species. a. D. Albus L.(D. Fraxinella Pers.). Europe. White Fraxinella, European or Bastard Dittany, Dittander, Garden Ginger. Root; Rad. dictamni albae, Rad. fraxinellae; Ger. Weisse Dip- tamwurzel, Escherwurzel, Aeschenwurzel, Spechtwurzel; anti- spasmodic, diuretic. 674. DICYPELLIUM, Nees. Clove-bark tree. Lauraceae. From Greek, ‘‘two goblets”. Syn. Persea, Licaria, in part. Aromatic tree. One species. a. D. caryophyllatum Nees. (P. caryophyllata Mart.. L. Guian- ensis Aubl., apparently the oldest name.). Brazil. Clove Bark tree; Ger. Cravobaum, Nelkenzimmtbaum. Bark; Clove- hark, Clove Cinnamon, Cassia caryophyllata, Cortex caryophy]- lati; resembles cinnamon. The wood, called rose-wood, yields oil of Licaria or of Lign-aloes, used in perfumery. See also Aquilaria. 675. DIDIPLIS, Raf. Water Purslane. Lythraceae. From Greek, ‘‘twice double’. Aquatic or ‘‘amphibious’’ herb. One species, U. S. Closely related to the Old World genus Peplis. 676. DIERVILLA, Moench. Bush Honey-suckle. Caprifoliaceae. Named for Dr. Dierville of Canada. Syn. Lonicera, in part. Shrubs, related to Weigela. Three species; all of U. 5. a. D. Diervilla (L.) MacM. (L. Diervilla L., D. trifida Moench., D. Canadensis Willd.). Canada and northeastern U.S. Bush Honey-suckle, Gravel-weed, Life-of-man. Root, leaves and twigs, diuretic, astringent, alterative. 677. DIGITALIS, L. Foxglove. Scrophulariaceae. From Latin, (glove) “finger”. Robust herbs with showy flowers in racemes. About 20 species, Europe and Asia. 136 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS a. D. purptrea L. (D. tomentosa Link & Hoffm.). Europe, cult. in gardens and adv. in U. S. Purple Foxglove, Foxglove, (originally Folk’s-glove), Thimbles, Fairy-cap, Fairy-fingers, Fairy-thimbles, Fairy-bells, Dog’ s-finger, Finger-flower, Ladies’- glove, Lady-fingers, Ladies’-thimble. Pop-dock, Flap-dock, Flop-dock, Lion’s-mouth, Rabbit’s-flower, Cottagers, ‘Throat- wort, Scotch Mercury; (ser. Fingerhut; Fr. Digitale (Codex), Digitale Pourprée, Grande Digitale; Sp. Dedalera. Leaves; Digitalis, U.S. P., Digitalis Folia, Br., Folia digitalis, P. G., Herba digitalis; cardiac sedative, diuretic. 678. DIOCLEA, H. B. K. Dioclea. Papilionaceae. From Greek, ‘troublesome’. Shrubs or climbers. About 25 species, mostly of tropical America, two in Asia; 1 in U. S. 679. DIONAEA, Ellis. Venus’ Flytrap. Sarraceniaceae. Dedicated to Dione of Greek mythology. Herb with sen- sitive foliage. One species, found only in southern U. S. a. D. muscipula Ellis (D. sensitiva Salisb.). Pine barrens of N. and 8. Carolina. Venus’ Flytrap; Ger. Venus die Fliegen- fangerin; Fr. Attrappe-mouche. An insectivorous plant. 680. DIOSCOREA, L. Yam. - Dioscoreaccae. Named for ancient Greek naturalist Dioscorides. Twining vines from thick rootstocks. About 160 species, mostly tropi- cal; lin U.S. Among the species cultivated for their esculent fleshy root- stocks are (a) D. aculeata L., India to Oceanica, the Kaawi Yam; (b) D. alata L., India and South Sea Islands, the Uvi Yam, White Negro Yam(weighing sometimes 100 pounds);(c) D. glabra Roxb. (D. Batatas, Decaisne), India and China, the Chinese Yam; (d) D. Japonica Thunb., Japan, where it is much cultivated; (e) D. sativa L., widely distributed; Com- mon Yam, inferior to the above. f. D. villésa L. Ontario to Florida and west to Texas and Minne- sota. Wild Yam, Colic-root, Rheumatism-root, Devil’s-bones. Rhizome diaphoretic, expectorant, uterine tonic. [The con- torted root-stocks known as False Wild Yam, according to King’s Dispensatory (1899) are from D. villosa var. glabra]: 681. DIOSPYROS, L. Ebony, Date Plum. Ebenaceae. From Greek, ‘‘Zeus’ wheat’’, so named by Pliny. Trees or shrubs. About 160 species, especially of Asia; 2 in U. 8. a. D. Ebenum Koenig. Ceylon. Ebony. This species yields the best ebony, but the wood of many other species, in India, Africa, Mauritius and Madagascar, is almost equally hard and black. b. D. Kaki L. f. China and Japan. Japanese Persimmon or Date Plum. The best native fruit of Japan. ce. D. Létus L. Eastern Asia. Common Date Plum, Lotus tree. Fruit edible but small. . SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 137 d. D. obtusifélia Willd. Mexico. Zapote prieto, Zapote negro; Bark and leaves astringent, tonic. e. D. Virginiina L. Rhode Island to Florida and west to Texas and Kansas. Common Persimmon (Parsimon), Seeded Plum, Winter Plum, Possum-wood, Lotus-tree, Jove’s-fruit, North American Ebony; Ger. Amerikanische Dattelpflaume; Fr. Plaqueminier de Virginie. Fruit, Virginian Date-plum?, esculent. Unripe fruit a powerful astringent. In India (f) D. Embryépteris Pers., called (raub, is also used as an astringent. 882. DIPHOLIS, DC. Bully-tree®. Sapotaceae. From Greek, ‘‘double scale’. Syn. Bumelia, in part. Shrubs or trees. About 3 species, West Indies; 1 in S. Florida. 683. DIPHYLLEIA, Michx. Unmbrella-leaf. Berberidaceae. From Greek, ‘double leaf’. Herbs resembling Podo- phyllum, with cymose flowers. Two species, one of Japan, one of southeastern U. 8. 684, DIPLACUS, Nutt. Diplacus. Scrophulariaceae. Syn. Mimulus, in part. Glutinous evergreen sub-shrubs with solitary showy flowers, New World; 10 in U. 8. 685. DIPLOTAXIS, DC. Rocket, Crossweed. Cruciferae. From Greek, ‘‘double ranked’’, of the seeds. Syn. Sisym- brium, Brassica, in part. Herbs resembling Mustard. About 30 species, Old World; 2 adv. in U. 8. a. D. muralis (L.) DC. (S. murale L.). Europe, adv. in U. S. Sand Rocket, Cross-weed, Flix-weed. 686. DIPSACUS, L. . Teasel. ‘ Dipsaceae. The Greek name, ‘‘thirst plant’’. Robust herbs with flowers in dense spiny heads. About 15 species, Old World; 2 nat. in U.S. ; a. D. Fullénum L. Europe; adv. in U. 8. Probably only a variety of (b). Fuller’s Teasel, Fuller’s Thistle, Fuller’s-weed, Draper’s Teasel, Clothier’s-brush, with other synonyms of (b). Heads used to raise a ‘“‘nap’’ in cloth. b. D. sylvéstris Mill. (D. Fullonum L. in part). Europe and northern Asia, nat. in U. 8S. Teasel; Wild, Common or Card Teasel, Card Thistle, Indian Thistle, Church-brooms, Gypsy- combs, Hutton-weed, Prickly-bark, Pricky-bark, Shepherd’s- staff, Tassel, Venus’-bath, Venus’-cup, Wood-brooms. Root diuretic, diaphoretic, stomachic. 687. DIPTEROCARPUS, Gaertn. Dipterocarpaceae. From Greek, ‘‘two-winged fruit’. Resinous trees with leathery leaves. About 45 species, south eastern Asia and East Indies. a. D. alditus Roxb., (b) D. inednus Roxb, (D. costatus Gaertn. ), (c) D. turbinatus Gaertn. (D. laevis Hamilton), and other species of India and the East Indies, yield the oleoresin called Gurjun balsam or Wood oil, Balsamum pterocarpi, Balsamum Gurjun (s. gurjunicum), resembling copaiba, especially useful in treating leprosy. 138 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS 688. DIPTERYX, Schreb. 1791. Tonka Bean. Papilionaceae.. From Greek, “two winged”. Syn. Coumarouna Aubl. 1775, in part. Trees. About 10 species, tropical America. a. D. odorata Willd. (Coumarouna odorata Aublet). Guiana. Seeds; Semen tonco, Faba tonco; Tonka-bean, Tonga-{ or Tonquin-{ bean, Coumarouma-bean, Snuff-bean; Ger. Tonka- bohnen; Fr. Tonka [Féve] (Codex); Sp. Haba tonka; rich in coumarin, used for flavoring and in perfumery. b. D. oppositifélia Willd. (Coumarouna oppositifolia Aublet). Cayenne. English Tonka Bean. Seeds smaller and less frag- rant than those of (a). 689. DIRCA, L. Leatherwood. Thymeliaceae. Name from a fountain in Thebes. Shrubs with fibrous bark. Two species, both of U. 8. a. D. palustris L. Ontario to Florida and west to Minnesota. Leather-wood, Leather-bush, Moose-wood, Swamp-wood, Leav- er-wood, Lever-wood, American Mezereon, Rope-bark, Wickup, Wicopy. Bark irritant, emetic. 690. DISPORUM, Salisb. 1812. Disporum. Convallariaceae. From Greek, ‘‘two ovuled’’ Syn. Prosartes, Don 1840; Streptopus, in part. Perennial herbs. About 15 species, N. America and Asia; 8in U.S., mostly western. 691. DISTASIS, DC. Distasis. Compositae. Syn. Chaetopappa, in part. Herb. One species, southwest- ern U.S. 692. DITAXIS, Vahl. Ditaxis. Euphorbiaceae. From Greek, ‘‘two ranked’’, of the stamens. Syn. Aphora, Argyrothamnia, in part. Perennial herbs. About 20 species, temperate and tropical regions; 9 in U. 8. 698. DODECATHEON, L. Shooting-star, etc. Primulaceae. From Greek, ‘‘twelve gods’. An old Greek plant-name. Scapose perennial herbs. About 18 species, N. America and northeastern Asia; 15 in U. 8., mostly western. « D. Meddia L. Pennsylvania to Georgia and west to Texas and Manitoba. Shooting-star, American Cowslip, Mosquito-bells, Pride of Ohio, Indian-chief, Johnny-jump, Rooster-heads. 694. DODONAEA, L. Dodonaea. Sapindaceae. Trees or shrubs. About 45 species, tropical regions, es- pecially of Australia; 1 in U. 8. 695. DOELLINGERIA, Nees. White Aster. | Compositae. Named for Th. Dollinger, botanical explorer. Syn. Diplo- pappus, Aster, in part. Perennial herbs resembling Aster. Four species, all of U.S. 696. DONDIA, Adans. 1763. Blite, Sea-Blite. Chenopodiaceae. Named for J. Dondi, Italian naturalist, 17th Century. Syn. Suaeda, Forsk. 1775; Salsola, Chenopodium, in part. Thick- leaved herbs or low shrubs. About 50 species, widely distri- buted; 11 in U. 8. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 139 697. DOREMA, D. Don. Ammoniac plant. Umbelliferae. From Greek, “gift? Syn. Peucedanum, in part. Herbs. About 5 species, west-central Asia. a. D. Ammoniacum Don. (P. Ammoniacum H. Br.). Persia. Gum-resinous exudate of this and perhaps other species; Am- moniacum, U.S. P., Br.; Gummi-resina ammoniacum, Gum Ammoniac; Ger. Ammoniak-gummi; Fr. Gomme ammoniaque (Codex); stimulant, expectorant, antispasmodic, rubefacient. b. D. Aticheri Bois. Western Persia. Zuh ofthe Kurds. Yields also gum ammoniac. [From (c) D. robtstum Loftus, a different gum is produced]. 698. DORSTENIA, L. Contrayerva. Artocarpaceae. Named for T. Dorsten, German botanist, d. 1552. Herbs. About 40 species, tropical America. a. D. Brasiliénsis Lam. West Indits, Central America, south to Peru; (b) D. Contrayérva L. Brazil. Root of both is known as Contrayerva (i. e. antidotal remedy); Ger. Bezoarwurzel, Giftwurzel; Fr. Contrayerve; stimulant tonic, antidote to snake poison; (c) D. Drakéna L., (d) D. Cayadpia Vell. (D. opifera Mart.) and (e) D. tubicina R. & P., yield similar roots. 699. DORYPHORA, Endl. Sassafras tree. | Monimiaceae. From Greek, ‘‘spice bearing’. Syn. Doratophora, Lem. An aromatic tree. One species, Australia. See Atherosperma. a. D. Sassafras Endl. Australia. Sassafras tree. Leaves and bark have anise-like odor, carminative. 700. DOUGLASIA, Lindl. Douglasia. Primulaceae. Named for David Douglas, botanical explorer. Herbs. About 5 species, one in Europe; 4 in northwestern U. S. 701. DOVYALIS, FE. Meyer. Kei Apple. Bixaceae. Syn. Aberia, in part. Shrubsor trees. About 10 species, southern and western Africa. a. D. Caffra (Harv. & Sond.) Lyons ( Aberia Caffra Harv. & Sond. ). Southern Africa. Kei Apple, Kai Apple. Fruit acid, used for pickles and preserves. 702. DRABA, L. Whitlow-grass, Nailwort. Cruciferae. The Greek name of a Lepidium. Tufted herbs. About 150 species, north temperate and arctic regions and 8. America; 42 in U. 8. See Erophila. 708. DRACAENA, L. (Drakaina). Dragon tree. Liliaceae. Shrubby or arborescent plants. Syn. Draco, in part. About 50 species, warmer regions, Old World. a D. Draco L. (Draco dragonalis Crantz). Canary Islands. Dragon Tree. Exrudateisa variety of Dragon’s-blood. [(b) D. Ombet Kotschy, of Socotra, yields a similar product, brought to Arabia under the name of Katir. ] 140 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS 704. DRACOCEPHALUM, L. Dragon-head. _—Labiatae. From Greek, ‘‘dragon-head”. Perennial herbs. About 35 species, northern hemisphere; 1 in U. 8. 705. DRAPERIA, Torr. Draperia. Hydrophyllaceae. Named for Prof. John William Draper of New York. Syn. Nama, in part. Low perennial herb. One species, California. 706. DRIMYS, Forst. Winter’s-bark. Magnoliaceae. Syn. Tasmannia, Wintera,in part. Trees. About 12 species, S. America and Australasia. a. D. Winteri Forst. (Wintera aromatica Murray). The species is now regarded as including D. Mexicana Sessé, D. Chilensis DC. and D. Granatensis L. f. South America. Win- ter’s Bark, Magellan Canella, Winter’s Cinnamon, Pep- per-tree*, Bark; Cortex winteranus, Cort. magellanicus v. antiscorbuticus; Ger. Echte Winterrinde, Winterszimmt; F. Ecorce de Winter (Codex), Canella de Magellan; Sp. Corteza Winterana; aromatic, stimulant. [One variety of Coto bark has been traced to D. Granatensis, which is the variety official as Winter’s bark in the French Codex. The Australian (b) D. axilléris Forst. and (c) D. aromatica (R. Br.) F. Muell. (T. aromatica R. Br., D. lanceolata Baill.) have spicy barks. The fruit of the latter is used like pepper. ] 707. DROSERA, L. - Sundew. - Droseraceae. From Greek, ‘‘dewey’’ Insectivorous bog herbs. About 110 species, especially abundant in Australia; 7 in U. S. a. D. rotundifolia L. Europe, Asia and N. America, south to Florida and California. Round leaved Sundew, Common Sun- dew, Dew-plant*, Eye-bright*, Lustwort, Moor-grass, Moor- wort, Red-rot, Rosa-solis, Ros-solis, Youthwort; Ger. Sonnen- thau, Edler Wiederthon, Sinnthau, Yungfernbliithe; Fr. Rosée du Soleil. Plant, Herba rorellae, H. droserae v. roris solis; expectorant, diuretic. [(b)D. longifélia L.(D. Anglica Huds.), Europe and U. 8., Long-leaved Sundew, has been also employed. ] 708. DRYAS, L. Mountain Avens. Rosaceae. From Latin, ‘“‘wood-nymph’’. Low alpine or arctic sub- shrubs. Three species, circumpolar,(U.8.). [(a)D. octopé- tala L. is sometimes called Wood Betony. ] 709. DRYMARIA, Willd. Drymaria. Caryophyllaceae. Herbs. About 35 species, mostly of warmer regions of New World; 6 in U.S. 710. DRYOBALANOPS, Gaertn. - Dipterocarpaceae. From Greek, ‘‘tree’’, ‘‘acorn’’ and “‘appearance”. A stately tree. One species, East Indies. a. D. aromatica Gaertn. (D. Camphora Coleb.). Sumatra and Borneo. Source of Sumatra or Borneo Camphor, also of the Borneo oil of Camphor. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 14T 711. DRYOPETALON, Gray. (Dryopetalum ). Cruciferae. Herb. One species, New Mexico. / 712. DRYOPTERIS, Adans. 1763. Shield Fern. Polypodiaceae. From Greek, ‘‘oak fern’, alluding to forest habitat. Syn. Aspidium Swz. 1800; Polystichum, Nephrodium, Acrostichumt,. Polypodiumf, in part. About 350 species; 27 in U. S. a. D. acrostichoides (Michx.) Kze. (N. acrostichoides Michx., Asp. acrostichoides Swz.). Canadaand eastern U.S. Christ- mas Fern, Holly Fern. b. D. Filix-Mas (L.) Schott (Polypodium Filix-Mas, L., Asp. Filix-Mas, Swz., Polystichum Filix-Mas, Roth.). Almost cos- mopolitan (northern U. S.). Male Fern, Male Shield-fern, Basket Fern, Bear’s-paw root, Knotty Brake, Sweet Brake; Ger. Wurmfarn, Waldfarn, Johanniswurzel; Fr. Fougére male: (Codex); Sp. Helecho macho. Rhizome of this and of (c); Aspidium, U.S. P., Filix-Mas, Br., Rhizoma filicis, Rad. filicis (maris); anthelmintic, taenicide. ce. D. margindlis (L.) A. Gray (Polypodium marginale L., Asp. marginale Swz., N. marginale Michx.). British America, south to Alabama and Arkansas. Evergreen Wood-fern, Mar- ginal-fruited Shield-fern?. Properties of (b). d. D. spinulésa (Retz.) Kze. (Polypodium spinulosum Retz.,. Asp. spinulosum Swz.). Northern Europe, Asia and N. Ame- rica. Common Wood-fern. e D. Thelypteris (L.) A. Gray (Acros. Thelypteris L., Asp. Thelypteris Swz.). Europe, Asia and N. America (eastern U.8.). Marsh Shield-fern, Fragrant Meadow-fern, Quill Fern, Female Fern*; Marsh, Meadow or Swamp Fern. 718. DRYPETES, Vahl. Drypetes. Euphorbiaceae.. Syn. Xylosma, in part. Trees or shrubs. About 8 species,. warmer regions of New World; 3 in U. 8. a. D. erécea Poit. (X. nitidum Gray). West Indies to Florida and 8. America. Guiana Plum, White-woodr. 714. DUBOISIA, R. Br. Pituri, ete. Solanaceae. Named for foN. A. Dubois, French botanist, d. 1824. Shrubs. About 3 species, Australia and adjacent islands. a. D. Hopwoddii F. Muell. Australia. Pituri (Pitury, Pitchuri,. Pedgery, Bedgery). eaves contain an alkaloid, . piturine, different in action from duboisine. b. D. myoporoides R. Br. Eastern Australia and New Caledonia. Corkwood Elm, Orungurabie, Ngmoo, Duboisia. Leaves con- tain a mydriatic alkaloid, duboisine (hyoscyamine. ) 715. DUCHESNEA, J. E. Sm. Mock Strawberry. Rosaceae. Named for A. N. Duchesne, French botanist. Syn. Fragaria, in part. Perennial herbs resembling Fragaria but with insipid fruit. Two species, southern Asia; 1 nat. in U. S., (a) D. Indica (Andr.) Focke, called also Indian or Yellow Straw- berry. 142 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS 716. DULACIA, Vell. 1825. Muira-puama. Olacaceae. Syn. Liriosma, Poepp & Endl. 1842. Shrubs and small trees. About 12 species, S. America. 4 D. oydta (Miers) Lyons (Liriosma ovata Miers.). Brazil. _ Muira-puama. (A tree with fragrant wood. Root aphrodisiac. 717. DUPATYA, Vell. 1823. Pipewort. _ Eriocaulaceae. Named for M. Dupaty. Syn. Paepalanthus, Mart. 1830. Herbs. About 215 species, mostly of tropical America; 1 in U.S. 718. DURANTA, L. Duranta. - Verbenaceae. Named for Castor Durantes, botanical writer of 16th Century. Herbs, often thorny. About 8 species, mostly of America; 1 in U.S. 719. DURIO, Adans. Durian. - — Sterculiaceae. From the vernacular name. Trees. About 7 species, Hast Indies. a. D. zibethinus Murr. (D. stercoraceus Noronha). East Indies. Durian. Fruit esculent, delicious in flavor but of intolerable odor. 720. DYSODIA, Cav. (Dyssodia). Fetid Marigold. Composiiae. From Greek, “ill smelling’. Syn. Tagetes, Boebera, in part. Strong-smelling herbs with small flower-heads. About 15 species, mostly of Mexico; 3 in U.S. a. D. pappésa (Vent.) A. S. Hitcheock (T. papposa Vent., B. chrysanthemoides Willd.). Ohio to Nebraska, south to Mexico. Prairie-dog weed, Fetid Marigold, False Dog-fennel. 721. EASTWOODIA, Brandegee. Eastwoodia. Compositae. Herbs. One species in U. 8. 722, EATONELLA, Gray. Eatonella. Compositae. Named for Prof. D. C. Eaton, American botanist. Floccose woolly annual. One species, California. 728. ECASTAPHYLLUM, P.Br. Ecastaphyllum. Papilionaceae. Shrubs. About 7 species, Africa and tropical America; 1 in U.S. 724. ECBALLIUM, A. Rich. (Ecbalium). —_ Cucurbitaceae. From Greek, ‘‘squirting’’ Syn. Momordica, in part. Herbaceous vine. One species. a. E. Elatérium (L.) A. Rich. (M. Elaterium L., E. officinale Nees, E. agreste Reich., E. cordifolium Moench). Southern Europe. Squirting Cucumber, Wild Balsam-apple, Wild Cu- cumber; Ger. Eselsgurke, Springgurke, Eselskiirbiss, Spritz- gurke; Fr. Concombre sauvage (Codex) Concombre purgatif d’ ane; Sp. Cohambrilla amargo. Fruit; Ecballii fructus, Br., Cucumis asininus, v. agrestis; Purgative, source of Elaterinum, U.S. P., Br., Elaterin, a crystallizable nentral principle. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 143 725, ECHINOCACTUS, Link & Otto. Echinocactus. Cactaceae. From Greek, ‘‘hedgehog Cactus’. About 200 species, warm dry regions of New World; 25 in U. S. 726. ECHINOCEREUS, Engelm. Echinocereus. Cactaceae. From Greek, ‘‘hedgehog Cereus’’. About 45 species, warm and dry regions of New World; 29 in U. 8. 727, ECHINODORUS, Rich. Bur-head. Alismaceae. Syn. Sagittaria, Alisma, in part. Aquatic or marsh herbs. About 15 species, mostly American; 3 in U. 8. 728, ECHINOPANAX, Dec. & Pl. Devil’s-club. Araliaceae. From Greek, ‘‘hedgehog Panax’’? Syn. Fatsia, in part. A prickly shrub. One species, northwestern U. 8. 729. ECHINOPEPON, Naud. Echinopepon. Cucurbitaceae. From Greek, “hedgehog Melon’. Syn. Echinocystis, in part. Herbaceous vines, warmer regions N. America; 2 in U.S. 730, ECHITES, P. Br. Savannah-flower, etc. Apocynaceae. Syn. Prestonia, in part. Shrubby climbers, many ornamen- tal. About 100 species, tropical America; 4 in U. 8. a. E. acuminata R. & Pay. §S. America. Cundurango de plitano. Bark: alterative. b. E. hirstta R. & Pay. ([Prestonia hirsuta Muell (Kew)]. South America. Cundurango de paloma. Bark alterative. 781. ECHIUM, L. Viper’s Bugloss, etc. Boraginaceae. From Greek, “‘viper”. Hairy herbs with rather showy blue flowers. About 30 species, Old World. a. E. vulgare L. Europe and Asia, nat. in U.S. Viper’s Bugloss, Blue-weed, Blue Thistle, Blue-devils, Blue-stem, Blue Cat’s- tail, Viper’s-grass, Viper’s-herb, Snake-flower, Adderswort; Ger. Natterkopf; Fr. Vipérine. Plant diuretic, expectorant. 732. ECLIPTA, L. Eclipta. - Compositae. From Greek, ‘‘wanting’’ (a pappus). Syn. Verbesina, in part. Inconspicuous herbs with small heads of whitish flowers. About 5 species, tropical; 1 nat. in U. 8. 733. EDWINLA, Heller. Edwinia. Saxifragaceae. Syn. Jamesia, T. & Gr. Low shrub. One species in south- central U. 8. 734. EHRETIA, L. - Ehretia. - Boraginaceae. Named for G. D. Ehret, botanical painter, 18th Century. Trees or shrubs. About 50 species, mostly tropical; 1 in U. 8. 785. ELAEAGNUS, L. Silver-berry. Elaeagnaceae. From Greek, ‘‘sacred olive’. Shrubs or trees. About 20 species, Europe, Asia, Australiaand N. America; 1 in U. &. a. E. argéntea Fursh. British America, south to Minnesota and Utah. Silver-berry. Fruit edible. (b) E. horténsis Bibers., Southern Europe to China, Trebizonde Date, and (c) E. umbellatus Thunb., Japan, yield also edible fruit. 144 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS 736. ELAEIS, Jacq. Oil Palm. Sabalaceae. Greek name of Olive tree. Low palms. About 6 species, mostly of 8. America, one African. a. E. Guineénsis Jacq. Western Africa, cult. in Brazil. Oil Palm, African Oil-palm. Fruit, source of palm oil, largely used for making soap. 787. ELAPHOMYCES, Fries. Hart's Truffle. Tuberaceae. From Greek, ‘“‘hart fungus’. Syn. Lycoperdont, Sclero- derma, in part. Underground fungi, resembling pufi-balls. a. E. cervinum (L.) Lyons (L. cervinum L., S. cervinum Pers., E. granulatus Fries). Europe. Hart’s Truffle, Hart’s-balls, Deer-balls, Rut-of-harts, Lycoperdon nuts, Puff-ball{; Ger. Hirschbrunst, Hirschtruffle; Fr. Truffede cerf. Fungus, Fun- gus (Boletus) cervinus, formerly reputed aphrodisiac. 738. ELAPHRIUM, Jacq. Mexican Elemi. Burseraceae. Syn. Bursera (Kew), in part. Trees or shrubs, tropical America. a. E. elemiferum Royle(B. elemifera J. Hook.). Mexico. Resin- ous exudate, Mexitan Copal, Mexican Elemi. See Canarium. 739. ELATINE, L. Waterwort, Mud Purslane. Elatinaceae. Greek plant name, meaning ‘‘fir like’. Small berbs with minute flowers. About 9 species, temperate and warm regions; 4in U.S. 740. ELATINOIDES, Wettst.1891.Toad-flax. Scrophulariaceae, From Greek, ‘‘resembling Elatine’’. Syn. Elatine, Moench 1794, not L. 1753; Antirrhinum, Linaria, in part. Annual herbs. About 25 species, Old World. a. E. Elatine (L.) Wettst. (A. Elatine L., L. Elatine Mill.). Asia and Europe, nat. in U. 8. Sharp-pointed Fluellin or Toad-flax, Canker-root, Cancerwort. b. E, sptiria (L.) Wettst. (A. spurium L., L. spuria Mill.). Round-leaved Toad-flax, Cancerwort, Female Fluellin. 741. ELEPHANTOPUS, L. — Elephant’s-foot. Compositae. From Greek, ‘‘elephant’s-foot’’ or ‘‘ivory foot’’. Perennial herbs. About 15 species; 3 in U. 8. a. E, tomentésus L. Southeastern U. 8. Tobacco-weed, Devil’s- grandmother. 742. ELETTARIA, Maton 1811. Cardamom. Zingiberaceae. Syn, Cardamomum Salisb. 1812 (Noronha, 1790); Amomum Alpinia, Matonia, Reanalmia, in part. Herbs from a thick rhizome. About 10 species, Kast Indies, especially Java. a. E. répens (Sonn. ) Baill. (Am. repens Sonnerat, E. Cardamomum Maton, (Kew), Alp. Cardamomum Roxb. .\m. Cardamomum White, not Am. Cardamon L., M. Cardamomum Smith. R Cardamomum Roscoe). Hindustan. Fruit; Cardamomum. U.S. P., Cardamomi semina Br., Fructus (semen) cardamomi SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 145 (minoris), Cardamom seed, Cardamom-fruits, commercially di- vided into ‘‘shorts’’, ‘‘short-longs’’, ‘‘mediums’’ and ‘“‘longs’’, also distinguished as Malabar, Aleppy and Madras cardamoms; Ger. Kardamom, Kleiner Kardamom; Fr. Cardamome du Malabar, [petit et moyen] (Codex); Sp. Cardamomo menor; aromatic, carminative. [(b) E. major Smith,Ceylon, perhaps only a variety of (a), yields the Ceylon or long cardamoms; Fr. Cardamome de Ceylan, Grand Cardamome (Codex)]. See Amomum. 748. ELLIOTTIA, Mubl. Elliottia. Ericaceae. Named for Stephen Elliott, American botanist. Shrubs. Three known species, eastern Asia and N. America; 1 in south- eastern U. § 744, EMBELIA, Burm. 1768. —_ Embelia. Myrsinaceae. Syn. Ribesioides, L. 1744, Samara, L. 1771, not Sw. 1788. Shrubs. About 20 species, tropical Asia and Africa. * a. E. Ribes Burm. (S. Ribes, Benth & Hook.). India. Embelia. Fruit highly aromatic, alterative, anthelmintic, adulterant of black pepper. 745. EMMENANTHE, Benth. Emmenanthe. Hydrophyllaceae. From Greek, ‘‘abiding flower’. Annual herbs with yellow orzyellowish flowers. About 7 species, California and Nevada. 746, EMORYA, Torr. _ Emorya. Loganiaceae. Named for Gen. W. H. Emory (Mexican Boundary Survey). Shrubs with fragrant flowers. One species, Texas. 747. EMPETRUM, L. Crow-berry. Empetraceae. From Greek, ‘‘rock plant’? Sub-shrubs. Two species, one in high northern latitudes, the other of 8. America; 1 in U. S. a.iE. nigrum L. Northern Europe, Asia and N. America, south to New England, Michigan and California. Black Crow-berry, Heath-berry, Heath, Black-berried Heath, Monox Heather, Crake-berry, Curlew-berry, Crow-pea, Wire Ling. Berries edible, used for dyeing. 748. ENCELIA, Adans. - _ Encelia. Compositae. Named for Christopher Encel. Herbs or undershrvbs with rather showy yellow flowers. About: 25 species, Mexico and adjacent regions; 11 in U. S. 749. ENCEPHALARTOS, Lehm. Kafir-bread. Cycadaceae. From Greek, ‘“‘bread pith’. Palm-like plants with short cylindrical or spherical trunks. About 20 species, South Africa. a. E. Caffer Mig. (E. Cycadis Sweet). South Africa. Hottentot Breadfruit, Kafir Bread. arinaceous pith esculent. 750. ENGELMANNIA, T. &Gr. Engelmannia. Compositae, Named for Dr. Geo. Engelmann, botanist, St. Louis. Peren- nial herb. One species, southern U. S. and Mexico. 146 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS 751. ENTADA, Adans. 1763. Sea Bean. Mimosaceae. Syn. Gigalobium P. Br. 1756; Mimosa, in part. Shrubby climbers. About 12 species, mostly of Africa and tropical America, a. E. sedndens (L.) Benth. (M. scandens L.). East and West Indies. Sea Bean, Gogo (Philippines), Gandoo (Java), Faba marina. Plant acrid, containing saponin. 752, EPHEDRA, L. - JointFir. - — Gnetaceae. From Greek, “upon a seat’’. Shrubs, almost leafless. About 25 species, temperate regions; 7 in U. 8. a. E. antisyphilitica C. A. Meyer. Joint Fir, Mountain Rush, Shrubby Horsetail. The branches of this and other species of the western U. 8S. known as Teamster’s Tea. Astringent, antisyphilitic. [From a Japanese species, perhaps (b) E. monospérma S. G. Gmel. (E. monostachya Turcz. ), is procur- ed a mydriatic alkaloid ephedrine. ] 7538. EPIDENDRUM, L. Tree-orchis. Orchidaceae. From Greek, ‘upon a tree’, i. e. epiphytic. Epiphytes with a tuberous or creeping rhizome. More than 300 species, chiefly of S. America; 8 in U. S. 754. EPIGAEA, L. Trailing Arbutus. Ericaceae. From Greek, ‘‘trailing’’. Evergreen prostrate shrubs. Two species, one in Japan, one in U. §. a. E. répens L. Florida to Michigan and northward. Trailing Arbutus, Gravel-plant, May-flower, Shad-flower, Ground Laurel, Mountain Pink, Winter Pink, Crocus (N. Carolina). Leaves astringent, diuretic, like those of Uva Ursi. 765. EPILOBIUM, L. Willow-herb. Onagraceae. From Greek, ‘“‘upon a pod’. Herbs, sometimes shrubby. About 65 species, especially of temperate zones; 40 in U. 8. a. E. hirsitum L. Europe, adv. inU.S. Great or Hairy Willow- herb, Codlins-and-cream (so called from its acidulous odor), Fiddle-grass, Apple-pie, Cherry-pie, Gooseberry-pie. b. E. palustre L. Europe, Asia and N. America. Marsh or Swamp Willow-herb, Wickup. See Chamaenerion. 756. EPIPACTIS, Adans. Heleborine. Orchidaceae. The ancient Greek name. Syn. Serapias, in part. Herbs with leafy stem and racemose flowers. About 10 species; 2 in a. E. viridiflora (Hoffm.) Reichb. (S. viridiflora Hoffm. E. Helleborine Gray, not L.). Europe, and in eastern U. S. (rare). Helleborine, Bastard Hellebore, naines given also to the European (b) E. laterifléra L., which this resembles. 757. EPIPREMNUM, Schott. (Tonga). Araceae. Syn. Rhaphidophora, in part. Shrubby climbers with aerial roots. About 8 species, East Indies to Polynesia. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 147 a. E. mirdbile Schott. (R. Vitiensis Schott.). Fijilslands. Said to be one of the constituents of the Fiji drug called Tonga. 758. EQUISETUM, L. Horsetail, etc. Equisetaceae. Ancient Latin name, ‘‘horse bristle’, or ‘‘equal bristled’. Plants of a primitive type. About 25 species; 14 in U. S. a. E. arvyénse L. Northern Europe, Asia and N. America, south to Virginia and California. Field Horsetail, Bottle-brush, Cat’s-tail, Horse-pipe; Ger. Kleiner Schachtelhalm, Zinnkraut, Scheuerkraut, Dubock, Pferdschwanz. Plant, H. equiseti (minoris), diuretic. b. E. hyeméle L. Europe, Asia and N. America, including U. 8S. Common Scouring-rush. The following names apply to this and other rough species; Dutch Rush, Gun-bright, Hore pipe, Pewterwort, Polishing Rush, Rough Horsetail, Shave-grass; Ger. Tischlerschachtelhalm, Polir-schachtelhalm. Stems, H. equeseti majoris, diuretic. c. E. palustre L. Europe and northern N. America, south to New York and Arizona. Marsh Horsetail, Cat-whistles, Marsh Reed, Paddock-pipes, Snake-pipes Toad-pipes, Tad-pipes, the latter names also applied to other species. 759. ERANTHIS, Salisb. Winter Aconite. Ranunculaceae. From Greek, ‘flower of spring” Syn. Cammarum, Helle- borus, in part. Herbs from tuberous rootstocks. About 5 species, Europe and Asia. a. E. hyemalis (L.) Salisb. (H. hyemalis L., C. hyemale (L.) Greene, Heller’s catalogue). Europe, cult. and adv. in U. 8S. Winter Aconite, Winter Hellebore, Christmas-flower, Wolf’s- bane. 760. ERECHTITES, Raf. Fire-weed. Compositae. Ancient Greek name of groundsel, ‘‘rending”. Syn. Senecio, in part. Herbs. About 12 species, America and Australasia; lin U.S. a. E. hieracifolia (L.} Raf. (S. hieracifolius L.). British Amer- ica to Nebraska, Louisiana and Mexico, also S. America. Fire-weed, Pilewort. Herb, emollient, astringent. 761. EREMIASTRUM, Gray. Eremiastrum. Compositae. From Greek, ‘‘desert Aster”. Small winter annuals. Two species, Arizona to California. 762. EREMINULA, Greene. Ereminula. Compositae. Syn. Dimeresia, Gray. Herb. One species in Oregon. 763. EREMOCARPUS, Benth. Eremocarpus. Euphorbiaceae. From Greek, ‘solitary fruited’’. Rank-smelling herb. One species, California. a E. setigerus Benth. California. Ginger-leaf. Plant, carmina- tive, febrifuge. 148 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS 764. EREMOCARYA, Greene. Eremocarya. Boraginaceae. From Greek, ‘desert nut”. Syn. Krynitzkia, in part. Herbs. Two species in western U. 8. 765. KERICA,L. - Heath, Heather. -’ —_ Ericaceae. The ancient Greek name. Smallshrubs. About 400 species, Old World, especially 8. Africa. a. E. arborea L. Mediterranean region. TreeS{Heath.o5 Wood used for brier-root pipes. b. E. cinérea L. Europe, adv. in U. 8. Scotch Heath or Heather, Bell Ling, Carline Heather, Cat-Heather, Crow Ling, Black Heath, She-Heather. c. E. Tétralix L. Europe. Small Heath, Father-of-heath; Bell, Besom or Broom Heath, Honey-bottle, Carlin or Ringe Heather. 766. ERICAMERIA, Gray. Ericameria. Compositae. Syn. Aplopappus, in part. Evergreen undershrubs with heath-like foliage and yellow flowers. About 10 species, south- western U. 8. 767. ERIGENLA, Nutt. Harbinger-of-spring.¢ Umbelliferae. From Greek, “‘spring born’. Syn. Sison, in part. Peren- nial herb. One species, U. S. a. E. bulbésa (Michx.) Nutt.(S. bulbosum Michx.). Canada and northeastern U. S. MHarbinger-of-spring, Pepper-and-salt, Turkey-pea*. 768. ERIGERON, L. - Erigeron. - Compositae. From Greek, “early old’. Syn. Astert, Doronicum, in part. Herbs. About 130 species, most abundant in New World; more than 100 in U. 8. a. E. annuus (L.) Pers. (A. annuus L.). Canada to Virginia and Missouri. Sweet Scabious ( U. 8. ),Daisy-Fleabane, Lace-button. b. E. Philadélphicus L. Throughout North America. Philadel- hia Fleabane, Sweet Scabious*, Skevish, Daisy-Fleabane, aisy*. c. E. pulehéllus Michx. (E. bellidifolius Muhl.). Ontario to ‘lorida and west to Minnesota. Robin’s Plantain, Poor Robin’s Plantain, Robert’s Plantain, Rose-Betty, Blue Spring- Daisy. d. E. pimilus Nutt. Utah to Nebraska and northward. Low Erigeron, Daisy (of western plains). e. E. ramdésus ( Walt.) B. 8. P. (D. ramosum Walt., E. strigosus Muhl.). Canada to Florida and Texas. Common Daisy-Flea- bane. * 769. ERIOBOTRYA, Lind. Loquat. Pomacene. Syn. Photinia, Mespilus, in part. Shrubs or trees. About 10 species, southern and eastern Asia. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 149 a. E. Japonica (Thunb. ) Lind. (M. Japonica Thunb., P. Eriobot- ryaJ. Hook.). China and Japan. Loquat (China), Luk- wati, Dukwat, Loquat Plum, Japan Plum (southern U. as Japanese Medlar, Biwa (Bywa, Pipa), Kuskuhe (Japan Fruit esculent. 770. ERIOCARPUM, Nutt. Eriocarpum. Compositae. From Greek, ‘woolly fruit’. Syn. Aplopappus and Amel- lus, in part. Herbs and shrubs. About 10 species, all Amer- ican; 9in U. 8. 771. ERIOCAULON, L. Pipewort. Erviocaulaceae. From Greek, ‘woolly stem”. Syn. Nasmythia, in part. Aquatic or bog herbs with heads of minute flowers. About 110 species, tropical and warm regions; 5 in U. S. 772. ERIODICTYON, Benth. (Eriodyction). Hydrophyllaceae. From Greek, ‘‘woolly net”. Syn. Wigandia, in part. Bal- samic shrubs. Three species, California to Arizona. a. E. Califérnieum (H. & A.) Greene (W. Californica H. & A., E. glutinosum Benth.). California to northern Mexico. Yerba Santa, Consumptive’s-weed, Bear's-weed, Mountain Balm, Gum plant, Tar-weed*. Leaves; Eriodictyon, U. 8. P.; expectorant; masks bitterness of quinine. 778. ERIOGONUM, Michx. Eriogonum. Polygenaceae. From Greek, ‘‘wool joint’. Herbs, some suffruticose. About 200 species, western N. America; 167 in U. S&S. The name Wild Buckwheat is given to some species. 774. ERIOPHORUM, L. Cotton-grass. Cyperaceae. From Greek, ‘‘wool bearing’. Bog sedges, the flower-heads conspicious with the bristles forming the perianth. About 15 species, north temperate zone; 10 in U. 8. a. E. vagimitum L. Northern Europe, Asia and N. America. Sheathed Cotton-grass7, Canna-down, Cat-locks, Cat's-tails, Davy-whiteyeads, Iare’s-tail, Rush or Cotton-grass. Other names not contined to this species, are Cotton Rush, Draw-Ling, Flors-seave, Moor-pawm (i. e. palm), Mo-s-erop, Pull-Ling. 775. EROPHYLLUM, Lag. Erophyllum. — Compositae. From Greek, woolly leaf’. Mostly floccose herbs, some shrubby. About 20 species, southwestern U. 8. and Mexico. 776. ERITHALIS, L. Erithalis. Rubiaceae. Ancient Greek plant-name. Shrubs. About d species, West Indies; 1 in Florida. 777. ERODIUM, L’Her. — Stork’s-bill, ete. Geraniaceae, From Greek, “heron”. Syn. Geranium, in part. Herbs. About 60 species, widely distributed; 3 native in U. 8. a. E. Cieutarium (L.)L’ Her. (G. Cicutarium L.). Europe and Asia, widely nat. in U. 8. | Common Stork’s-bill, Hemlock Stork’s-bill or Heron’s-bill, Pin Clover, Pin-weed, Pin-grass, Pine-needle, Pink-needle, Powk-needle, Stick-pile, Alfilaria [Alfilazilla, Filaree] (California). Plant astringent, diuretic. 150 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS b. E. mosehdétum Willd. Europe, adv. in U.S. Musky Heron’s- bill, Covey, Sweet Covey, Muscovy Musk, Ground-needle, Pick-needle, Pink-needle. Plant diaphoretic. 778. EROPHILA, DC. 1821. | Whitlow-grass. Cruciferae. From Greek, ‘“‘spring loving’. Syn. Gansblum, Adans. 1763; Draba, in part. Herbs. About 6 species, Europe to Asia Minor. a. E. vérna (L.) E. Meyer (D. verna L., E. Draba Schimp. & Spen., E. vulgaris DC.). Europe, nat. in U. 8. Vernal Whitlow-grass, Faverel, Nailwort, Shad-flower, White-blow. 779. ERNODEA, Swz. - — Emodea. - Rubiaceae. From Greek, ‘‘sprouting’’ or ‘‘branching’’. Procumbent shrub. One species, Florida. 780. ERTELA, Adans. 1763. Ertela. Rutaceae. Syn. Monnieria L. 1759, Moniera Loefl. 1758 (not Monniera or Moniera, B. Juss. 1756), Aubletia, Rich. 1807. Herbs. About 2 species, 8S. America; (a) E. trifélia (L.) Lyons (Monnieria trifolia L., A. trifolia Rich. ).. One of the Brazil- ian plants known as Jaborandi. 781. ERYNGIUM, L. Eryngo, Briery Thistle, etc. Umbelliferae. Ancient Greek name of a thistle-like plant. Herbs with prickly leaves. About 150 species, widely distributed; 27 in U.S. a, E. aquaticum L. (E. yuccefolium Michx.). New Jersey to Flo- rida and Texas. Water Eryngo, Rattlesnake’s-master, Button Snakeroot, Corn Snakeroot, Rattlesnake Flag, Rattlesnake- weed. oot acrid-aromatic, diaphoretic, expectorant, emetic. [Other species are credited with similar properties. ] b. E. campéstre L. Europe. Field Eryngo, Hundred-headed Thistle, Fever-weed; Ger. Mannstreu, Brachdistel, Krausdis- tel; Fr. Chardon, Roland, Panicaut (Codex). Root diuretic. c. E. maritimum L. Europe. Sea Holly, Sea Hulver, Sea Eryngo. Fleshy roots formerly candied, aromatic, expectorant, diuretic. 782. ERYSIMUM, L. Erysimum, ete. Cruciferae. Greek name of hedge-mustard. Syn. Cheiranthus (adopted in Heller’s catalogue). Herbs. About 100 species, north tem- perate zone, especially Old World; 18 in U. 8. a. E. asperum DC. (E. lanceolatum Pursh, E. Arkansanum Nutt., C. Arkansanus (Nutt.) Greene). Ohio to Texas and northwest to Pacific Coast. | Western Wallflower, Yellow Phlox, Orange Mustard, Prairie Rocket. b. E. cheiranthoides L. Europe and British America, south to Pennsylvania. Treacle Mustard, Wormseed Mustard, Treacle Wormseed, Tarrify. Plant anthelmintic, stomachig. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 151 783. ERYTHRAEA, Neck. Centaury. Gentianaceae. From Greek, ‘‘red’’, the color of the flowers in some species. Syn. Gentiana, Cicendia, Schultesia, in part. Bitter herbs. About 50 species; 10 indig. in U. 8., mostly in the west. a. E. Ceniatirium (L.) Pers. (G. Centaurium L.). Europe, adv. in U.S. Lesser Centaury, European Centaury (Sanctuaryt), Bitter-herb, Bloodwort, Christ’s-ladder, Feltrike, Feverfew*, Earth-gall, Mountain Flax; Ger. Tausendguldenkraut, Rother Aurin; Fr. Petite Centaurée (Codex); Sp. Centaura menor. Herb; H. centaurii (minoris); bitter tonic. b. E. Chilénsis Pers., (c) E. stricta Schlecht, (d) E. Jorullénsis Kunth [S. stenophylla Mart. (Kew)] and perhaps other species of S. America and Mexico are called Canchalagua; properties of (a). 784. ERYTHRINA, L. Coral tree. Papilionaceae. From Greek, ‘‘red’’ the color of the seeds. Trees or shrubs with showy crimson or scarlet blossoms and red seeds. About 45 species, tropical or sub-tropical; 2 in U. S. a. E, Corallodéndron L. Brazil. Coral-tree. Bark anodyne, expectorant. Leaves diuretic, laxative. b. E. Muliingu Mart. Brazil. Bark hypnotic, anodyne. 785. ERYTHRONIUM, L. — Adder’s-tongue, etc. Liliaceae. Greek name of a plant having ‘‘red’’ flowers. | Two-leaved herbs from a corm. About 14 species, mostly of N. America; 13 in U.S. a. E. albidum Nutt. Ontario to Tennessee and Texas. White Adder’s-tongue, Spring Lily. To this and other species are applied many of the synonyms under (b). b. E. Americinum Ker. (E. angustatum Raf., E. bracteatum Bigel.). Canada and eastern U.S. Yellow or Common Ad- der’s-tongue, Adder’s-leaf, Adder's Violet, Dog’s-tooth Violet, Deer’s-tongue, Lamb's-tongue, Rattlesnake’s Violet, Scrofula- root, Trout Lily, Trout-flower, Yellow-bells, Yellow Lily, Yellow Snake-leaf, Yellow Snowdrop. Plant reputed altera- tive, emetic. 786. ERYTHROPHLOEUM, Afzel. Sassy-bark. Mimosaceae. Syn. Fillaea, in part. Trees. About 5 species, tropical Africa, Asia and Australia, a. E. Guineénse Don. (E. ordale Bolle, E. judiciale Procter, F. suaveolens Guil. et Perrot.). Central and west Africa. Red Water-tree. Bark, Sassy-bark, Saucy-bark, Mancona-bark; Ger. Manconarinde; Fr. Ecorce de Mangone. Used in Africa as an ordeal- and arrow-poison; narcotic, emeto-cathartic, dia- phoretic, febrifuge. 787. ERYTHROXYLON, L. Coca. Erythroxylaceae. From Greek, ‘“‘red wood’’. Shrubs and trees. About 70 species, tropical America, a few in Africa and Asia. 152 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS a. E. Céca Lam. Peru, Bolivia, etc. Coca, Cuca, Hayo, Ipado, Spadie. (Principal varieties, Huanaco from Bolivia and Truxillo from Peru, the latter derived from E. Coca var. Spruceanum Burck.). Leaves: Coca, U. S. P., Erythroxylon, U.S. 1880; Cocae Folia, Br., Fol. erythroxyli (coce.); Ger. Cocablitter; Fr. Coca (Codex), Feuilles de Coca; Local anaesthetic, stimu- lant, nervine. Source of cocaine. 788. ESCHSCHOLTZIA, Cham. California Poppy.Papaveraceae. Named for T. F. van Eschscholtz, (cerman naturalist, d. 1831. Highly ornamental herbs with dissected leaves and yel- low flowers. About 20 species, California. 789. ESENBECKIA, H. B. K. Brazilian Angostura. Rutaceae. Syn. Evodia,in part. Trees. About 17 species, tropical regions, New World. a. E. febrifuga Juss. (Evodia febrifuga St. Hil.). Brazil. Bra- zilian Angostura. Bark bitter tonic; contains, besides esen- beckine, an alkaloid (quinovine) analagous to quinine, found also in some cinchona barks. 790. EUCALYPTUS, VL Her. Gum tree. Myrtaceae. From Greek, ‘‘well veiled’ Trees with thick leathery leaves. About 150 species, Australia and neighboring islands, many furnishing very hard, tough and durable timber. a. E. amygdalina Labill. Southeast Australia. Brown Pepper- mint-tree, White Peppermint-tree, Giant Gum-tree, Swamp Gum-tree, Australian Mountain Ash. [The tallest of trees, un- less it be the giant Sequoias of California. One has been measur- ed which was 471 ft. high. Yields more volatile oil than any other species, but containing no eucalyptol. ] . b. E. corynocalyx F. Muell. South Australia. Sugar Gum-tree. Foliage sweetish, browsed on by cattle and sheep. c. E. glébulus Labill. Victoria and Tasmania. Blue Gum-tree (incorrectly written Blue-gum tree); Ger. Vielechenbaum. Leaves; Eucalyptus, U. 8. P., Folia eucalypti; Ger. Eucalyptus- blitter; Fr. (Feuilles d’) Eucalyptus (Codex); antiseptic, as- tringent, febrifuge [The tree is much planted in Italy, Al- geria and elsewhere to dispel malaria. The volatile oil is ofticial, although the yield of oil is much smaller than in (a). ] d. E. Leueéxylon F. Muell.(E. sideroxylon A. Cunn.). Victoria, etc. Iron bark tree. Bark very rich in kino tannin. Wood stronger even than hickory, e. E. rostrata Schlecht. Southern and central Australia. Red- gum tree. rudate; Eucalypti Gummi Br., Australian or Botany Bay Kino, called also Red Gum, astringent, like Malabar Kino. _ Other species yielding kino are (f) E. corym- bésa Sm., Bloodwood tree, (g¢) E. calophylla R. Br. and‘(h) E. piperita Sm., Peppermint tree. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 153 i. E. vimindlis Labill. Southeast Australia. Manna Gum-tree. Exudate Australian Manna, which is also obtained occasionally from (j) E. gonioealyx F. Muell., and (k) E. Ginni J. Hook- er, Cider tree. Other Eucalypts worthy of note are (1) E. cornita Labill., Yate tree; (m) E. diversicolor F. Muell., Karri tree; (n) E. gomphiocéphala DC., Tooart tree; (0) E. longifélia Link., Woolly-butt tree; (p) E. margindtaSm., Jarrah, Australian or Bastard Mahogany (timber resists teredo); (q) E. microcorys F. Muell., Tallow-wood tree, Stringy-bark tree; (r) E. obliqua L’ Her., Messmate tree (the Common Stringy-bark tree of ‘Tas- mania); (s) E. odorata Behr., Peppermint tree (of south Aus- tralia); (t) E. oleésa F. Muell., Mallee tree (very rich in vola- tile oil); (u) E. pilularis Sm., Black-butt tree, Mountain Ash; (v) E. polyanthema Schauer, Red Box tree, Australian Lignum Vitae; (w) FE. populifélia Hook., Bembil, Shining- leaved Box Eucalyptus; (x) E. punetata DC., Leather-jacket, Hickory Eucalyptus; (y) E. resinifera Sm., Red or Forest Mahogany (erroneously named as source of Australian Kino); (z) E. robusta Sm., Swamp or White Mahogany; (aa) E. salibris F. Muell., Gimlet-wood. Fluted Gum-tree; (bb) E. Sieberiana F. Muell., (E. virgata, Sieber), Mountain Ash, in Tasmania called Gum-top or Iron-bark tree; (cc) E. Stuarti- ana F. Muell., Apple-scented Gum-tree; (dd) E. terminalis F. Muell., Bloodwood tree (of northern Australia). [Honey pro- duced from the flowers of Eucalyptus possesses active medicinal properties, antipyretic, antiseptic, ete. ] 791. EUCEPHALUS, Nutt. Aster. Compositae. From Greek, with ‘‘tine (flower) heads’. Syn. Aster, in part. Herbs resembling Aster. About 10 species, all of U. 8. 792. EUCHARIDIUM, Fisch. & Mey. Eucharidium.Onagraceae. Annual herbs with red flowers. Two species, California. 793. EUCHEUMA, Agardh. Agar-Agar. Gelidiacene. Sea weeds allied to Gelidium q. v. About18 species, warm- er seas. a. E. gelatine Agardh, (b) E. spinésum Agardh. Indian Ocean. Macassar or Celebes Agar-agar, Jelly plant. The source (in part) of Japanese or Chinese gelatin or isinglass. Used as a culture medium by bacteriologists. See Gelidium and Sphaero- coccus. 794. EUCNIDE, Zuce. Eucnide. - _ Loasaceae. From Greek, ‘nettle sure’. Syn. Mentzelia, in part. Herbs. Three known species, all of southwestern U.S. 795. EUCRYPTA, Gray. Eucrypta. — _Hydrophyllaceae. From Greek, ‘well concealed’. Syn. Ellisia, in part. Herbs. Three species, southwestern U. s. 796. EUGENIA, Micheli. Clove-tree, ete. Myrtaceae, Named for Prince Eugene of Savoy, d. 1736. 0 Syn. Caryo- phyllus, Calyptranthes, Syzygium, Myrtus, in part. Trees and shrubs. More than 500 species, tropical regions, Old and New World; 7 in U. 8. See Jambos. 154 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS a. E. aromatica (L.) O.Kze., not Berg. (Caryophillus aromaticus L., M. Caryophullus Spreng., M. caryophyllata Thunb. ). Molucca Islands, cult. in many tropical countries. Clove-tree; Ger. Gewiirznelkenbaum; Fr. Giroflier. Flower buds, Cloves; Caryophyllus, U. S. P., Caryophyllum, Br., Caryophylli, P. G., Caryophylli aromatici; Ger. Gewiirznelken, Gewtirznigelein; Fr. Girofle (Codex), Clous aromatiques; Sp. Clavos de especia; carminative, counter-irritant, much used as a condiment. Source of oil of cloves. Flower stalks, Clove stalks; Festucae (Fusti) caryophyllorum; Ger. Nelkenstiele, Nelkenholz; Fr. Griffe de girofle. Fruit, Mother Cloves; Anthophylli; Ger. Mutternelken; Fr. Méres de girofles, Clous matrices. (b) E. Chéquen Mol. (E. Chekan DC., M. Cheken Spreng. ). Chili. Cheken, Chekan, Chequen. Leaves aromatic, as- tringent. c. E. Jamboldna Lam. (S. Jambolanum DC., Cal. Jambolana Willd. ). East Indies and Oceanica. Fruit esculent. Seeds used in dia- betes mellitus. Several species of Eugenia produce edible fruits, notably; (d) E. cordifélia Wight, Ceylon; (e) E, Hallii Berg., Bolivia: (f) E. mabaeoides Wight, Ceylon; (g) E. Nhanica Cambes., Brazil; (h) E. pyriformis Cambes., the Uvalho do Campo of Brazil, and (i) E. revolita Wight, Ceylon. Species found in Florida and the West Indies are, (j) E. buxifélia (Swz.) Willd., Spanish Stopper, Gurgeon Stopper; (k) E. monticola (Swz.) DC., White Stopper, with edible fruit; (1) E. précera (Swz.) Poir., Stopper; (m) E. Garberi Sarg., Red Stopper. 797. EULOBUS, Nutt. - — Eulobus. Onagraceae. From Greek, ‘‘well podded”. A slender annual. One spe- cies, California. 798. EULOPHIA, RB. Br. Eulophia. Orchidaceae. From Greek, ‘‘well crested’’. Epiphytal or terrestria. orchids. About 80 species, tropical Asia, America and espe- cially southern Africa. a. E. campéstris Wall., and (b) E. herbacea Lind. Central Asia. Tubers were formerly imported as salep. 799. EULOPHUS, Nutt. Eulophus. Umbelliferae. From Greek, “well plumed’. Perennial herbs from tuberous roots. About 5 species, all of U. §., mostly western. 800. EUNANUS, Gray. Eunanus. Scrophulariaceae. From Greek, ‘‘dwarf’. Syn. Mimulus, in part. Low vis- cid or glandular-pubescent annuals. About 26 species, Cali- fornia to Utah. 801. EUONYMUS, L. (Evonymus). Wahoo, etc. Celastracec. Ancient Greek name, meaning ‘‘honored’’ or ‘“‘lucky’’. Shrubs. About 65 species, north temperate zone; 6 in U. 8. a. E. Americinus L. New York to Florida and west to Texas. Strawberry bush, Strawberry shrub, Burning-bush, Fish-wood. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 155 b. E. atropurptireus Jacq. Ontario and eastern U. S., west to Montana. Wahoo (Waahoo, Wauhoo, Whahoo), Burning- bush, Bursting-heart, Indian Arrow-wood, Strawberry tree or bush, American Spindle-tree, Bitter Asht. Bark of rool; Enonymus, U.S. P., Cort. euonymi; bitter, tonic, laxative, cholagogue. c. E. Europaéus L. Europe, adv. in U. 8. Spindle-tree, Arrow- beam, Butcher’s-prick tree, Cat tree, Gaiter tree, Gatten, Gat- teridge, Louse-berry tree; the tough wood called Peg-wood, Prick-timber, Prick-wood, Skewer-wood, Dog-wood*, Witch- wood; Ger. Spillbaum, Spindelbaum, Pfattenhiitchen; Fr. Fusain, Bonnet de prétre. Seeds emetic, purgative, insecticide. 802. EUPATORIUM, L. Thoroughwort, etc. Compositae. Greek name of Agrimony, after Mithridates surnamed Eupa- tor. Syn. Artemisiat, Conoclinium, in part. Perennial herbs. with small flower heads. About 575 species, mostly of warmer regions; 46 in U. S. a. E, ageratoides L. f. Canada to Georgia and west to Nebraska and Louisiana. White Snake-root, White Sanicle, Indian Sanicle, Deerwort Boneset, Poolwort, Pool-root, Rich-weed, Squaw-weed, Stevia. Root aromatic, diuretic, vulnerary. b. E. aromaticum L. Massachusetts to Florida. Smaller White Snake-root, Wild Hoarhound, Pool-root, Poolwort. Root aro- matic, diuretic, anti-spasmodice. ce. E. cannébinum L. Europe. Hemp . a. L. Catesbaéi ‘ Walt.) Gray A. Catesbaei Wal:.. A. spinulosa Pursh.:. Virginie to Geurgia. is ealled Dez aan (bj) L. racemosa (L.) Grav (A. racemesa L.. L. spicata G. Den. near Atlantic and Gulf sva-s.ard. Swamp Leuesthod. is also called White Oster, White Perner. 1190. LEVISTICUM, Koch. Lovage. Umbelliferae. Robust herd. with vellow fl-wers. One species only, Uld World see Lisusivin. a. L. Levisticam:L. Lyons Lig. Levisdcam L., Lev. officinale Koch., Lev. valzare Reichb. Southern Europe. Levage, European Levage. Ita’ian or Garden Lovaze. Larose, Levose, sea Parsley. ° age: (rer, Liebstickel. Badekraut. Barmat- Terwurz: Fr. livéche (Codex . Ache des montagnes. Rost, Radix levizici P. G.. Ro ligas:ici. BR. laserpitii germanici, also jruit, carminative, <2machie, diuretic. emmenazogue. 1191. LEWISIA. Pursh. Lewisia. Portulacaceae. Named for Capt. M. Lewis explorer. Fleshy perennial herbs, with showy r:se-colored Gowers. Two species. westera U.s. a L. rediviva Push. Arizonai> Montanaand wes siward. Bitter- root (whence the name >i the Bitter-root Mountains . Tobaeco- root. Starehy ross, called Spatlam by Urezon Indians, esculent 1192, LIBOCEDRTS, Endl. _ Incense Cedar. Pinaceae. From Greek. ‘balsam cedar’ Evergreen trees with frag- rant wood. rn. Thuya, in part. About $ species. America and New Zealarn: 1 in California. a L. deeurrens Terr. Pacific coast of U. S. Post Cedar: White, Bastard or Incense Cedar. Tree atcains 2) ft. in height yielding valuable timber. b. L. tetragona Endi. Chili: Alerse. The mos: important tim- ber tree of that country. 1193. LIGUSTICUM, L. Levase Umbelliferae. Named irom the country Liguria. where the plant abourded. Syn. Fernla, in part. Perennial herbs with aromatic roots About 25 species. northern cemisp here: 12in U. 5. aL. Canadénse .i.; Britten L acteifoliam Michx. ‘Kew. F. Canadensis L.}. American Levaze. Nondo, Angelice. Ret aromatic. carminative. stomachic. b. L. filieinum Warts. ( L. apiifolium of Bot. Rice's Exp.. not of (ray Utah to Wreming. Colorado Coagh-roor. Usha. Properties of a ce L. Seétieam L. Enrcope. Asia and normhern N. America. Scotch Lovage, “. 1293. MEGAPTERIUM. Spsch. Primrose*. Onagraceae. From Greek. ‘large winged’’. slluding to the ovary. Sym. Oenothera. in part. Perennial herbs with large rellow flowers Three known species. all of southwestern T. 5. and Mexico. 1294, METBOMIA, Adsrs 1765. Tick-Trefoil. Papilionaceae. Named for Dr. Brandus Meibom, d. 1740. Syn. Desmodium. Desv. 1218: Hedysarom. in part Herbs. some sutrutesrent: fruit a loment. the segments of which adhere to clothing. About 160 species: America. Africa and Ausralis: S58 in UT. 3 a. M. Camadénsis .L\ Kze (Hedysarum Cansdens: L.. Desmo- dium Cansadense DC.) Canada and eastern U. =. Canadian or Showy Tick-trefoil, Beggar’slice. Beggar-ticks: these names applied to other species also. A few cf the numerous sdecies are useful fodder plants. pepulariy called Clover or Lucerne. b. M. gyrans (L. f° Lyons (D. evrans Do.. Ho gyrans L. fi. India and cult. for curiasitv. [elezraph plant. Semaphore plant. Moving plant. Remarkable for acute spoctamelus more menis of the leatets. MELALETCA. see CAITPTTL 1295. MELAMPODITUM. L. Melampodium. Compositae. The Greek name of Black Hellebore. ‘black foot’. in no war applicable to these plants. Herbs. some shrubay. About 35 species. warmer regions of America: 4in TU. &. 1296. MELAMPYRUM. L. Cow-Whesat. Scrophulariaceae. The Greek name. meaning “black wheat”. Annual herbs About 10 species. northern hemisphere: 2 in U. S.: Ger. Wachtelweizen: Fr. Mélampyre. a. M. arvénse L. Europe. Cow-wheat. Horsediower. Mother- of-wheat, Poverty-weed. Secs reputed aphraisiae. Similar properties are ascribed to .b‘ M. sylvatieam L. of Europe, Horse-flower. Foot of the latter reputed diuretic. 1297. MELANTHERA., Rohr. ; Melananthera). Compositae. From Greek, ‘‘bisck anthered”. Suiimtescent herbs with discoid dower heads About 9 species) warmer regions of America. some African: 3in U. S. . 1298, MELANTHIUM. L. = Melanthium. — Melanthaceae, From Greek, “black flower.” Perennial herbs from thick rhizomes. Three known spevies all in eastern U.S. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 243 a. M. Virginicum L. Rhode Island to Florida, west to Texas and Minnesota. Bunch-flower, Black-flower, Quafodil. Ruot used as a fly poison. 1299. MELIA, L. Pride of India, etc. Meliaceae. From Greek name of Ash tree, which this somewhat resem- bles in foliage. Syn. Azedarach, Azadirachta. Trees with pani- cled white or lilac flowers; 12 species, India, Australia and Oceanica. a. M. Azadirachta L. (Azadirachta Indica Juss., Azedarach deleteria Medic.). East Indies. Nim tree, Neem tree, Mar- gosa. Bark tonic, febrifuge. b. M. Azédarach L. (Azedarach Commelini Medic., Azed. odora- tum Noronha). China to India and widely cult. and nat. in tropical countries. Pride-of-India, Pride-ot-China, Azedarach, African or Indian Lilac, Lilac tree, Bead-tree, False Sycamore, China tree, Holy tree, Hoop-tree (W. Indies), White Cedar (Australia). Wood is called Bastard Cedar. Bark of root nar- cotic, cathartic, anthelmintic. 1300. MELILOTUS, Juss. (Mellilota). Papilionaceae. From Greek, ‘“‘honey Lotus’. Syn. Trifoliumy{, in part. Annual or perennial herbs with racemed white or yellow flowers. About 20 species, Old World; 2 nat. in U. 8. a. M. alba Desv. (M. vulgaris Willd.). Europe and Asia, nat. in U. 8. White Melilot, White Millett, White Sweet Clover, Honey Lotus, Cabul Clover, Tree or Bokhara Clover, Sweet Melilot, Sweet Lucerne. Properties of (b). b. M. officinalis (L.) Lam. (T. Melilotus officinalis L., M. arven- sis Wallr., M. diffusa Koch). Europe and Asia, sparingly nat. in U.S. Yellow Melilot, Yellow Millett, Yellow Sweet Clover, Hart’s Clover, King’s Clover, Plaster Clover, Hart’s Trefoil, Heartwort, King’s-crown, Whuttle-grass, Wild Labur- num (England); Ger. Steinklee, Melilotenklee; Fr. Mélilot officinal (Codex); Sp. Meliloto, Trebol oloroso. Flowering tops, Herba Meliloti P. G., H. meliloti citrini, Balsam flowers, emollient, local anodyne; richincoumarin. (c) M. altissimus Thuill. of Europe resembles this species and is used in its place. 1801. MELINIA, Decne. Melinia. Asclepiadaceae. Shrubby climbers. About 6 species, New World, 1 in Ari- zona. 1302. MELISSA, L. Balm. Labiatae. From Greek, ‘‘bee’’. Mint-like herbs. About 8 species, Europe and Western Asia. a. M. officinalis L. Europe and Asia, widely cult., nat. in U. S. Balm (Barm, Bawme), Lemon Balm, Bee or Garden Balm, Blue or Sweet Balm, Balm Mint, Balm-leaf, Cure-all, Dropsy- plant, Goose-tongue, Honey-plant, Lemon Lobelia, Pimentary, Sweet-Mary; Ger. Citronenmelisse, Citronenkraut; Fr. Mélisse officinale, Citronelle (Codex), Celine, Herbe au citron; Sp. Toronjil. Herb, Folia Melisse P. G., H. melisse citrate; in hot infusion, diaphoretic, emmenagogue. 244 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS 1808. MELITTIS, L. 1753. Bastard Balm. — Labiatae. From Greek, ‘“‘honey’’. Syn. Melissophyllon, Adans. 1763. Herb with showy flowers. One species, Europe. (a) M. Melissophyllum L. (M. melissxefolium Salisb.). Bastard Balm; formerly reputed diuretic and lithontriptic. 1804. MELOCHIA, L. Melochia. Sterculiaceae, Tomentose herbs or sub-shrubs. About 50 species, tropical regions of both hemispheres; 2 in U. S. 1305. MELOTHRIA, L. Creeping Cucumber. Cucurbitaceae. Old Greek plant name. Vines with small moncecious flowers. About 65 species, chiefly of Old World; 1 in U.S. (a) M. péndula L., of southeastern U.S. to Mexico, is called Creep- ing Cucumber. 1806. MENISPERMUM, L. Moonseed. Menispermaceae. From Greek, ‘‘moon seed’’, alluding to crescentic shape of seeds. Dicecious vines, About 4 species, 3 of eastern Asia; 1 in U. 8. a. M. Canadémse L. Canada to Georgia, west to Arkansas. Canada Moonseed, Yellow Parilla, Texas or Yellow Sarsa- parilla, Vine Maple; Ger. Canadisches Mondkorn; Fr. Méni- sperme du Canada. Rhizome and roots; Menispermum, U.S. P., bitter tonic, alterative, diuretic. 1807. MENODORA, Humb. & Bonp. Menodora. Qleaceae. From Greek, “gift of power’. Syn. Bolivaria, in part. Sub-shrubs. About 15 species, mostly of Mexico and adjacent region; 6 in U. S. 1308. MENTHA, L. Mint. Labiatae. The Latin name of Mint. Syn. Pulegium, in part. Herbs with odorous foliage. About 30 species, north temperate zone; 12 in UU. 8.; Ger. Minze; Fr. Menthe. a. M. arvénsis L. Europe, nat. inU.S. Corn Mint, Field Mint, Lamb’s-tongue, Wild Pennyroyal, Water Calamint; Ger. Feldminze. Var. piperdscens Malinvaud is the source in part of Japanese oil of peppermint, and of menthol. b. M. Canadénsis L. (M. borealis Michx.). British America, south to Virginia and N. Mexico. American Wild Mint. Var. glabrata Benth. is also a source of Japanese or Chinese oil of peppermint and of menthol. c. M. citrdta Evhr. [M. aquatica L. (Kew)]. Europe, adv. in U.S. Bergamot Mint, Bishop’s-weed*, Fish Mint. d. M. oxispe L. (M. aquatica var. crispa Benth.). Europe; adv. in U. 8. Crisped-leaved Mint, Curled or Cross Mint, Balm Mint; Ger. Krauseminze. Leaves of this and of (e) M. crisp- ata Schrad., perhaps a variety of (j), are the Folia menthe crispe of the P. G. f. M. longifolia (L.) Huds. (M. sylvestris L. 1763 (Kew), M. spicata var. longifolia L. 1753). Europe, nat.in U.S. Euro- pean Horsemint, Brook Mint, Fish Mint, Water Mint. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 245 ae M. piperita L. Europe, nat. in U. S. and widely elsewhere. Peppermint, Brandy Mint, Lamb Mint, Lammint; Ger. Pfeffer- minze; Fr. Menthe poivrée (Codex); Sp. Yerba beuna piperita. Leaves and tops, Mentha Piperita, U.S. P., Folia Menthae piperitae P. G., Herba menthe; carminative, anodyne, stimu- lant. : aes yields oil of Peppermint, which consists partly of menthol. = . M. Pulégium L. (P. vulgare Mill.). Europe. European Pennyroyal, Brotherwort, Churchwort, Flea Mint, Hillwort, Lillie-riallt, Lurkey-dish, Organy, Origan, Pudding-grass, Puliall, Puliolroyal; Ger. Polei; Fr. Menthe pouliot, Pouliot commun (Codex), Tolilolo;Sp. Poleo. Properties of Hedeoma pulegeoides, q. v. = - rotundifélia (L.) Huds. (M. spicata var. rotundifolia L.). Eastern U. 8S. to Mexico. Round-leaved Mint, Patagonia Mint, Apple Mint, Horsemint*, Wild Mint, Yerba buena piperita. j. M. spicata L. M. spicata var. viridis L. 1753, M. viridis L. 1763 (Kew), M. sylvestris var. glabra Koch). Europe, nat. in U. 8S. and widely elsewhere. Spearmint, Mint, Brown or Garden Mint, Lamb Mint, Lammint, Mackerel Mint, Our Lady’s Mint, Sage-of-Bethlehem; Ger. Griine Minze, Rémische Minze; Fr. Menthe verte (Codex), Menthe romaine, Baume vert; Sp. Yerba buena. Leaves and tops; Mentha Viridis, U.S. P., Herba menthae acute v. romane; properties of (f). 1309. MENTZELIA, L. Prairie Lily. Loasaceae. Named for C. Mentzel, German botanist, d.1701. Syn. Bar- toniat, in part. Coarse herbs or suffrutescent plants with showy white or yellow flowers. About 40 species, warmer regions of New World; 27 in U.S. a. M. decapétala (Pursh) Urb. & Gilg. ( B. decapetala Pursh 1812, B. ornata Pursh 1814, M. ornata T. & Gr.). Dakota and Montana to Texas. Gunebo Lily, Prairie Lily. 1310. MENYANTHES, L. — Buckbean. _ Menyanthaceae. Greek plant name. Marsh herb with trifoliate leaves. One species, northern hemisphere (U. 8.) a. M. trifolidta L. Europe, Asia and north America south to Pennsylvania, Minnesota and California. _Buckbean, Bog- bean, Brook-bean, Bitter-worm, Bog Hop, Bog Myrtle, Bog- nut, Bean or Bitter Trefoil, Marsh or Water Trefoil, Marsh Clover, Moon-flower*, Water Shamrock; Ger. Dreiblatt, Fieber- klee, Bitterklee, Bieberklee, Wasserklee; Fr. Mépyanthe, Tréfle d’eau, (Codex); Sp. Trébal acuatico. Leaves, Folia Trifolii fibrini P. G., bitter tonic, alterative, antiscorbutic, em- menagogue. 1811. MENZIESIA, J. E. Smith. Menziesia. —_ Ericaceae. Named for Dr. A. Menzies, naturalist of Vancouver's explor- ing expedition. Shrubs. About 7 species, N. America and Japan; 3inU. S. (a) M. pilosa (Michx. ) Pers. (M. globula- ris Salisb. ) is called Minnie-bush. 246 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS 1312. MERCURIALIS, L. Dog’s Mercury, etc. Euphorbiaceae. From Latin, ‘mercurial plant’. Herbs. About 6 species, Mediterranean region and eastern Asia; 1 nat. in U. S.; Ger. Bingelkraut; Fr. Mercuriale. a. M. dnnua L. Europe, adv. in U.S. Mercury herb, French Mercury. Leaves cathartic, alterative. b. M. perénnis L. Europe. Dog’s Mercury, Kentish Balsam, Bazzard-flower, Bristol-weed, Cheadle, Sapwort. The male plant is called Baron’s (i. e. barren) Mercury, also Girl’s Mer- cury, Maiden Mercury, the female plant is Boy’s Mercury. Properties of (a). 1318. MERIOLLX, Raf. Primrose*. Onagraceae. Syn. Uenothera, in part. Suffrutescent herb with yellow flowers. One species, southwestern U. 8. and Mexico. 1814. MERTENSIA, Roth. Lungwort. Boraginaceae. Named for Prof. F. C. Mertens, German botanist. Syn. Pulmonaria, in part. Perennial herbs. About 15 species, northern hemisphere; 10 in U. 8. a. M. Virginica (L.) DC. (M. pulmonarioides Roth. (Kew), P. Virginica L.). Ontario to S. Carolina, west to Kansas and Nebraska. Virginia or American Lungwort, Smvoth or Tree Lungwort, Virginia Cowslip, American Cowslip*, Roanoke Bell, Blue-bells*. Herd lenitive, expectorant. 1315. MESADENIA, Raf. — Indian Plantain. Compositae. From Greek, ‘‘centra] gland”. Syn. Cacalia. Senecio, in part. Perennial herbs with small discoid flower-heads. About 12 species, N. America, 8 in U. 8. a. M. atriplicifélia (L.) Raf. (C. atroplicifolia L., 8. atroplicifol- ius Hook.). Ontario to Florida, west to Kansas and Minne- sota. Pale Indian Plantain, Wild Caraway. Plant emollient. b. M. reniformis (Muhl.) Raf. (S. Muhlenbergii Sch. (Kew), C. reniformis Muhl.). New Jersey to Minnesota and south- ward. Great Indian Plantain, Wild Collard. 1316. MESEMBRYANTHEMUM, L. Aizoidaceae. From Greek, ‘‘midday flower’. Syn. Mesembryum, Adans. Fleshy-leaved plants, some cactus-like. About 300 species, oe regions mostly of Old World, especially Africa; 3 nat. in U.S. a. M. erystdllinum L. South Africa, nat. in southern Europe and in California. Ice-plant, Diamond Fig, Diamond-plant; Ger. Eiskraut; Fr. Glaciale, Cristalline. Plant diuretic, emollient. b. M. édule L. 8S. Africa. Hottentot’s Fig. Fruit edible. 1317. MESOSPHAERUM, P. Br. 1756. Mesospheerum.'Labiatae. Syn. Hyptis, Jacq. 1786. Herbs or shrubs. About 250 spe- cies, warmer regions of New World, especially in Brazil; 4 in U.S. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. ; 247 1318. MESPILUS, L. Medlar. Pomaceae. From ancient Greek name of (a). Syn. Pyrus, in part. Shrubs or small trees. One or two species, Europe and Asia. i. M. Germanica L. [P. Germanica J. Hook. (Kew)]. Europe and western Asia. Medlar, English or Dutch Medlar, Medle tree, Hosedoup, Howdoup, Marle. Fruit edible. 1319. METASTELMA, R. Br. Metastelma. Asclepiadaceae. Shrubby climbers with small] or minute white flowers. About 40 species, warmer regions of New World; 6 in U. 8. 1320. METHYSTICUM, Raf. 1738. Kavakava. Piperaceae. From Greek, ‘intoxicating’. Syn. Macropiper, Mig. 1739; Piper (Kew), in part. Succulent shrubs with ample foliage. About 6 species, Polynesia. a. M. excélsum (Forst.) Lyons (P. excelsum Forst., P. methysti- cum L., not Forst., Mac. excelsam Mig.). New Zealand to Australia. New Zealand Toothache-tree, Kawakawa tree. Root analgesic. b. M. methysticum (Forst.) Lyons (P. methysticum Forst., Mac. methysticum Miq,, Mac. latifolium Mig. tide Hillebr., Meth. esculentum Raf.). Polynesian Islands. Kavakava, Awa, Ava, Kawa. Root intoxicant, analgesic, local anesthetic. 1321. METROSIDEROS, Banks 1788. Lehua, etc. Myrtaceae. From Greek, “iron womb”. Syn. Nani, Adans. 1763, Nania, Mig. 1855. Trees or shrubs, some climbers, with showy flowers. About 10 species, Oceanica to Australia. a. M. polymérpha Gaud. (M. lutea Gray, M. spectabilis Gaertn., etc. ). Polynesian Islands, Hawaii to Viti. The Lehua of Hawaiian song. The similar (b) M. tomentosa Cunn. of New Zealand is known as Fire-tree. Both are large trees with crimson (sometimes yellow ) tassel-like flowers and very hard durable timber. (c) M. véra Lind. (Nania vera Mig.) is the Iron-tree of Java. 1322. METROXYLON, Rottb. 1783. Sago Palm. Sabalaceae. From Greek, ‘‘womb wood”, meaning probably pith wood. Syn. Sagus, Rumph. 1788. Large palms. About 8 species, Malay archepelago to Fiji islands. a. M. Ramphii ( Willd.) Mart. (S. Rumphii Willd., S. genuina Blume). East Indies. Prickly Sago Palm. Starch from in- terior of trunk is Sago, U. S. P. 1870; Fr. Sagou (Codex); Sp. Sagi. b. M. Sagu Rottb. (M. Sago Koen., M. Sagus Spreng., M. leve Mart., S. levis Blume). East Indies. Spineless Sago Palm. Chief source of the sago of commerce. (Sago or sagu is the Papuan word for ‘‘bread’’ ). 1328. MEUM, Adans. Spignel, ¢tc. Umbelliferae. The ancient Greek name. Herbs. One, possibly 2 or 3, spe- cies, Mediterranean region. 248 : PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS a. M. Athamdnticum Jacq. Europe. Spignel (Spicknel, Spike- nel, Speknel, Spike-nail), Spignet, Baldmoney (Badmoney), Bawdmoney, Bearwort, Honka, Mew, Micken. Root, Radix mei (athamantici), Rad. anethi ursini; Ger. Barwurzel, Herz- wurzel, Mutterwurzel, Barendillwurzel; carminative, stomachic, emmenagogue. 1824. MICHELIA, L. Champaca. Magnoliaceae. Named for Micheli, Florentine botanist early in 18th Century. Syn. Cha paca, Adans. Trees. About 15 species, trupical and mountainous Asia. a. M. Champaca L. (CU. Michelia Noronha, M. suaveolens Pers., M. Blumei Steud.). India. Chumpaka or Champak tree, sacred to Vishnu. Root bitter, tonic. Flowers exceedingly fragrant. 1825. MICRAMPELIS, Raf. Wild Balsam-ap; le. Cucurbitaceae. From Greek, ‘‘small grapevine’. Syn. Echinocystis, T. & Gr.; Megarrhiza, Momordica, Sicyos, in part. Herbaceous vines. About 25 species, New World; 9 in U. 8. a. M. fabdcea (Naud. ) Greene (Meg. Californica Tor.) and (b) M. Marah ( Wats.) Greene (Meg. Marah Wats. ), both of Cali- fornia, are called Big-root, Bitter-root, aud Yerba marra. Seeds called chilli coyote. c. M. lobata (Michx.) Greene (S. lobata Michx., E. lobata Tor. & Gr., Mom. echinata Muhl., Mic. echinata Raf.). Ontario to Texas. Wild Balsam-apple, Mock Orange*, Creeper, Creep- ing-Jenny. 1326. MICRANTHEMUM, Michx. Scrophulariaceae. From Greek, ‘‘small flowered’. Small glabrous annuals. About 16 species, New World; 2 in U. 8. 1827. MICROCALA, Link. — Microcala. Gentianaceae. From Greek, ‘‘little beauties’. Slender herbs. Two spe- cies, one of Europe, one of N. and S. America (U. 8. ) 1328, MICROMERIA, Benth. 1829. Yerba Buena. Labiatae. From Greek, ‘“‘small parts’’. Syn. Piperella, Presl. 1826. Low herbs, some shrubby. About 75 species, mostly of Old World, a few in America; 3 in U. 8. a. M. Chamissonis (Benth.‘ Greene (M. Douglassii Benth. (Kew), M. barbata, Fisch. & Meyer). Pacific Coast of U. S. Yerba buena (Spanish name for Mint). Plant diaphoretic, febrifuge. Similar properties are ascribed to (b) M. obovata Benth., West Indian Islands, called All-heal. 1829. MICRORHAMNUS, Gray. Microrhamnus. Rhamnaceae. From Greek, “small Buckthorn”. Shrub. One species, Texas to New Mexico. 1330. MICROSERIS, Don. Microseris. Cichoriaceae. ’ From Greek, ‘‘ittle Endive’. Herbs with scape-like ped- uncles, flowers yellow. About 20 species, mostly of N. Amer- ica; 15 in California. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 249 a. M. Forsteri J. Hook. Australia and New Zealand. Native Scorzonera. Root esculent. a 1381. MILLA, Cav. (Millea). Milla. Liliaceae. Herbs with cylindrical hollow leaves. About 20 species, New World; 1 in U.S. 1332. MIMOSA, L. Mimosa, ete. Mimosaceae. From Greek, ‘‘mimic’’. Herbs, shrubs or trees. About 280 species, warmer parts of America, Africa and Asia; 16 in U. 8. a. M. pudica L. South America, now widely naturalized in sub- tropical countries. Sensitive-plant, Humble-plant, Touch- weed. The Wild Sensitive-plant of Texas is (b) M. strigil- lésa T. & Gr. 1333. MIMULUS, L. Monkey-flower. Scrophulariaceae. Latin, diminutive of mimus, an ‘‘actor’’. Herbs with pink, violet or yellow flowers, commouly showy. About 50 species, New World; 41 in U. 8. a. M. moschitus Dougl. Pacific coast of U.S. Musk-flower, Musk plant, Vegetable Musk. Plant has a musk-like odor. 1834. MIMUSOPS, L. Balata, ete. Sapotaceae. From Greek, ‘‘ape’s face’. Syn. Achras, Sapota, in part. Trees or shrubs with milky juice. About 30 species, tropical regions of Old and New World. a. M. eldta Allem. Para. Cowtree. Milk sup resembles cow’s milk. (b) M. Eléngi L. of India yields an edible fruit and a bark which is tonic and astringent. (c) M. Siéberi DC. (A. Zapotilla var. parviflora Nutt.), West Indies to Key West, is called Wild Dilly; fruit eaten by birds. d. M. globésa Gaertn. (M. Balata Crueg., A. Balata Aublet, S. Muelleri Belkrode). Oronoco and Amazon valleys. Balata or Bully tree ( Bulletrie, Bolletrie, Bullet tree). Exudate is Chicle, Balata or Tuno gum; Leche de popa, now largely used in the manufacture of chewing gum. 1335. MIRABILIS, L. (originally Admirabilis ). Nyctaginaceae. Latin, ‘‘wonderful’’. Ornamental he:bs, from fleshy tubers. About 15 species, warmer regions of America; 9 in U. S.; Ger. Wunderblume; Fr. Belle de nuit. a. M. Jalapa L. (M. Jalappa Thunb.). 8. America, commonly cult. in gardens. Marvel-of-Peru, Four-o’clock, World’s- wonder, Afternoon-ladies, Beauty-of-the-night. Roots, known as Metalista root or False Jalap, reputed cathartic. 1836. MITCHELLA, L. Partridge-berry. Rubiaceae. Named for Dr. John Mitchell, botanist of Virginia, 18th Century. Creeping evergreen herbs with flowers in pairs. Two species, one of S. America, one in U.S. a. M. répens L. Canada to Florida, west to Texas and Minne- sota, also in Japan. Partridge-berry, Squaw-vine, Twin-berry, Checker-berry, Chicken-berry, Cow-berry, Deer-berry, Box- 250 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS berry, Fox-berry, Hive-vine, Partridge-vine, Winter Clover, Wild Running Box, One-berry, Pigeon-berry, Snake-berry, Two-eyed berries, Squaw Plum. Plant tonic, astringent, par- turifacient, etc. 1837. MITELLA, L. Mitrewort, Bishop’s-cap. Saxifragaceae. Latin, dim. of mitra, ‘‘a cap”. Perennial herbs, with slen- der racemes of small flowers. About 10 species, N. America and eastern Asia; 9 in U.S. a. M. diphylla L. Canada to N. Carolina, west to Missouri. Mitrewort, Common or Two-leaved Mitrewort, Bishop’s-cap, Currant-leaf, False Sanicle, Fairy-cup, Fringe-cup. Leaves astringent, diuretic. 1838. MITRACARPUM, Zucc. (Mithracarpus). Rubiaceae. From Greek, ‘‘turban fruit’’. Herbs. About 30 species, mostly of tropical America, a few African; 1 in U. 8. 1389. MODIOLA, Moench. Modiola. Malvaceae. From Latin modiolus, an ancient Roman measure. A small mallow-like herb. One variable species, warmer regions of America and S. Africa (U. 8.) 1340. MOEHRINGIA, L. Sandwort. Caryophyllaceae. Named for P. H. G. Moehring, naturalist of Danzig. Syn. Arenaria (Kew), in part. Low herbs. About 20 species, northern hemisphere; 2 in U. 8. 1341. MOENCHIA, Ehrh. Pearlwort. _ Caryophyllaceae. Named for Prof. Konrad Moench of Marburg. Syn. Ceras- tium (Kew), in part. Low herbs. About 3 species, Medi- terranean region; 1 adv. in U. 8. 1342. MOGIPHANES, Mart. Mogiphanes. Amaranthaceae. From Greek, “hard to see’. Herbs. About 12 species, warmer regions New World; 2 in U. 8. 1348. MOHAVEA, Gray. Mohavea. Scrophulariaceae. Named from the river near which the plant was discovered. Viscid-pubescent herb. One species, Arizona to southern Cali- fornia. 1344. MOHRODENDRON, Brit. Snowdrop tree. Styracaceae. Named for Dr. Charles Mohr, botanist of Alabama. Syn. Halesia, in part. Shrubs or small trees with drooping bell- shaped flowers. About 4 species, southeastern U. S. a. M. Carolinum (L.) Brit. (H. tetraptera L. 1762 (Kew), H. Carolina L. 1759). Virginia to Florida, west to Illinois. Sil- ver-bell, Snowdrop tree, Bell tree, Wild Olive tree, Calico-wood, Shittim-wood, Tiss-wood. Some of these names apply also to (b) M. dipterum ( Ell.) Brit. (H. dipterum Ell. ). 1345. MOLLUGO, L. Carpet-weed. Aizeaceae. Low herbs, usually with whorled leaves. About 12 species, mostly tropical; 2 in U.S. a. M. verticillata L. astern U. S. and widely distributed as a weed. Carpet-weed, Indian Chickweed, Devil’s-grip. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 251 1846. MOLUCCELLA, L. (Molucca). Shell-flower. Labiatae. Named (in error) from Molucca Islands, Herbs with large bell-shaped calyx. About 2 species, Mediterranean region. (a) M. ladéyis L., western Asia, often cult. in gardens, is called Shell-flower or Molucca Balm, 1347, MOMORDICA, L. Balsam Apple. —_ Cucurbitacene. From Latin, ‘‘chewed”, alluding to appearance of the seeds. Climbing herbs. About 25 species, tropical regions of Old World; 2 adv. in U.S. (a) M. Balsimina L. (M. Charantia Desc. ). Tropical countries generally. Balsam Apple, balsam vine, Balsamina. oot and fruit cathartic, emetic. Seeds vulnerary. (b) M. Charantia L. (M. Balsamina Desc.) is the similar Balsam Pear; [Kast Indies and widely cult. 1848. MONARDA,L. Horsemint, Wild Bergamot, etc. Labiatae. Named for N. Monardés, Spanish botanist, 16th Century. Aromatic herbs with rather large flowers in capitate clusters. About .12 species, N. America; 11 in U. 8. a. M. didyma L. (M. coccinea Michx.). Canada to Georgia and Michigan. Oswego Tea, American Bee Balm, Rose Balm, Low Balm, Red or Scarlet Balm, Mountain Mint, Horsemint*, Indian’ s-plume; Sweet-Mary, Square-stalk. b. M. punetata L. New York to Florida, west to Texas and Wisconsin. Horsemint, American Origanum, Rignum{, Mon- arda; Ger. Pferdeminze; Fr. Menthe de cheval. Herb, as in other species, diaphoretic, diuretic, carminative, emmenagogue. Source of oil of Monarda. (c) M. citriodéra Cerv. (M. aris- tata Nutt.), Nebraska to Texas and Arizona, is called Lemon Monarda or Prairie Bergamot; (d) M. fistulosa L. (M. mollis L.), Ontario and eastern U. 8., is Wild Bergamot; called also Oswego Tea and Horsemint. 1349. MONESES, Salisb. One-flowered Pyrola. Pyrolaceae. From Greek, ‘‘single delight’’, alluding to the solitary flower. Syn. Pyrola, in part. Perennial evergreen herb. One species, (a) M. unifléra (L.) Gray (M. grandiflora S. F. Gray (Kew), P. uniflora L.). Europe, Asia and N. America. One-flowered Wintergreen, One-flowered Pyrola. 1850. MONNIERA, P. Br. 1755. Hedge-Hyssop.Scrophulariaceae. Named for Prof. L. Guillaume le Monnier, French botanist, d. 1799. Syn. Herpestis, Gaertn. 1805, also Limosella, Gratiola, Matourea, Obolaria, in part. Herbs. About 60 spe- cies, warmer regions of both hemispheres; 7 in U. 8. 1851. MONNINA, R. & P. Monnina. Polygalaceae. Herbs or shrubs. About 50 species, South America. (a) M. polystachya R. & P. Peru. South American Polygala. Root bark astringent and detergent, containing saponin. 1852. MONODORA, Dunal. Calabash Nutmeg. Anonaceae. From Greek, ‘‘single gift’. Syn. Anona, in part. Trees with large woody fruit and aromatic seeds About 6 species, natives of Africa. 252 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS a. M. Myristica (Gaertn. ) Dunal (A.Myristica Gaertn. ). Jamaica, probably introduced from Africa. Calabash Nutmeg; Amer- ican, Mexican, Guinea or Jamaica Nutmeg. Seeds having flavor and use of Nutmegs. 13583. MONOLEPIS, Schrad.. Monolepis. Chenopodiaceae. From Greek, ‘‘one scale”, alluding to the single scale-like sepal. Syn. Blitum, in part. Low herbs resembling Chenopo- dium. About 4 species, northern Asia and western N. Amer- ica; 3 in U. S. 1354, MONOLOPIA, DC. Monolopia. Compositae. From Greek, ‘‘single husk’’, alluding to uniserial involucre. White-woolly annuals with yellow flowers. Three species, Pacific border of U. 8. 1355. MONOPTILON, Tor. & Gr. Monoptilon. Compositae. From Greek, ‘‘single feather’, alluding to pappus. A small desert annual. One species, California to Utah. 1356. MONOTROPA, L. Indian-Pipe. Monotropaceae. From Greek, ‘singly nodding’’, descriptive of the flower. Syn. Monotropion. Low saprophytes, bearing a single nodding flower at the summit of a scaly scape. Two species, widely distributed; 1 in U. S. a. M. unifléra L. British America, U. S. throughout, Mexico, Japan and southeastern Asia. Indian-pipe, American Ice- plant, Corpse-plant, Ghost-flower, Pipe-plant, Dutchman’s- pipe*, Fairy-smoke, Eye-bright*, Nest-root, Bird’s-nest plant, Fit-root, Convulsion-root, Convulsior.-weed, Ova-ova. 1357. MONOTROPSIS, Schwein. 1817. Monotropaceae. From Greek, ‘‘Monotropa-like’. Syn. Schweinitzia, Nutt, 1818. Saprophytes. Two species, southeastern U.S. (a) M. odorata EI]. (S. odorata DU. (Kew), S. Caroliniana Don.) of Maryland and N. Carolina is the rare Sweet Pine-sap, called also Carolina Beech-drops. 1358. MONTIA, L. Water Chickweed, etc. Portulacaceae. Named for G. Monti, Italian botanist, 18th Century. Low annual herbs. About 5 species, colder regions of both hemi- spheres; 2in U. S. (Heller includes in this genus gmany spe- cies referred by others to Claytonia. ) a. M. fontana L. Northern U. S. and widely distributed. Wa- ter Chickweed, Blinking Chickweed, Blinks, Water-blinks. 1859. MORINDA, L. Indian Mulberry. Rubiaceae. From Latin, ‘Indian mulberry’. Trees or shrubs, some climbers. About 40 species, warmer regions, particularly of Old World. a. M, tinetoria Roxb. (M. citrifolia Hunt., not L.). India to Australia. Indian Mulberry, Al tree. Bark and roofs (Ach- root, Al-root) yield a red dye, as do those of (b) M. Réyoe L. (M. umbellata L. (Ikew), M. Rojoc Lour.}, West Indies and Florida, called Yaw-weed. (c) M. citrifolia L. is the Noni of the Polynesian Islands: pulp of fruit used as a hair- dressing. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 253 1360. MORINGA, Juss. Ben nut. Moringaceae. From vernacular name, Malabar. Syn. Guilandinaf, in part. Le Three known species, N. Africa, western Asia and East ndies. a. M. aptera Gaertn. (M. Arabica Pers.). Arabia to Abyssinia. Behen. Seeds source of true oil of Ben. b. M. pterygospérma Gaertn. (M. oleifera Lam., G. Moringa L. ). Horseradish tree. Root has pungency of horseradish. Seeds, Ben nuts, Behen nuts, yield oil of Ben which is bitter, acrid and purgative. Wood, Lignum nephriticum, formerly used in kidney complaints. 1861. MORONGLIA, Brit. 1894. Sensitive Brier. Mimosaceae. Named for the late Rey. ‘Thomas Morong, American botanist. Syn. Schrankia, Willd., not Medic.; Leptoglottis, Mimosa, in *part. Prickly herbs or shrubs. About 10 species, warmer regions of America, 1 in Africa; 6 in U.S. a. M. uneinata ( Willd.) Brit. (S. uncinata Willd., Mimosa Intsia Walt.) Virginia to Nebraskaand southward. Sensitive Brier, Sensitive Rose, Shame-vine. (b) M. angustata (T. & G.) Brit., southeastern U. 8., Narrow-leaved Sensitive Brier, is also called Sensitive-plant*. 1862. MORONOBEA, Aubl. Hog-gum tree. G@uttiferae. From vernacular, Guiana. Trees. Two known species, 8. America and the West Indies. a. M. coccinea Aublet. Brazil and West Indian Islands. Hog- gum tree. esinous erudate, Hog gum, Doctor gum, Mani, Onani; terebinthinate, vulnerary. See Cochlospermum and Rhus. 1368. MORTONIA, Gray. Mortonia. Celastraceae. _ Shrubs. About 5 species, Mexico and borders; 3 in U. 8. 1864. MORUS, L. Mulberry. s Moraceae. Ancient Latin name of Mulberry. Trees or shrubs with succulent aggregate fruits. About 10 species, northern hemi- sphere; 2 in U.S. a. M. Alba L. China, now widely cult. and nat. White Mulberry, Sycamine, Silkworm tree. Leaves the chief food of the silk- worm, b. M. nigra L. Southern Russia and Persia, widely cult. Black Mulberry; Ger. Maulbeerbaum; Fr. Marier; Sp. Moras. Fruit esculent: juice, Succus mororum, refrigerant. Bark of root teenicide. c. M. rubra L. Ontario to S. Dakota, south to Florida and Texas. Red Mulberry, American Mulberry. Properties of (b. ) 1865. MUCUNA, Adans. 1763. Cowhage. Papilionaceae. From vernacular, Brazil. Syn. Carpopagon, Dolichos, Stizelobium, P. Br. 1756, in part. Climbers with thick leathery pods. About 25 species, tropical regions of Old and New Worlds. ; 254 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS" a. M.. pruriens (L.) DC. (D. pruriens, L., S. pruriens Medic., C. pruriens Roxb., M. prurita Hook.). East and West Indies. Seeds are called Sea-beans, Asses’-eyes, Donkey’s-eyes. Hairs from the pods, Cowhage (Cowage, Cowetch); Setae v. Lanugo siliquae hirsutae; Ger. Kratzbohnen, Kuhkritze; Fr. Pois velus, Pois & gratter; Sp. Pica-pica; formerly reputed anthel- mintic. (b) M. wrens Medic. (S. urens Pers.) of S. America has the same properties. 1366. MUILLLA, S. Wats. Muilla. Liliaceae. Anagram of Allium. Syn. Allium}, in part. Perennial herbs resembling Allium but without the characteristic odor of that genus. Three species, Pacific coast of U. 8. 1867. MUSA, L. Banana. - Musaceae. . Syn. Ensete, in part. Gigantic herbs, the leafstalks forming a trunk often more than a fvot in diameter. About 25 species, tropical regions. a. M, Chinénsis Sweet (M. Cavendishii Lamb., M. regia Rumph., M. nana Lour.), Chinese Banana; (b) M. paradisaica L., Plantain, Adam’s Apple; (c) M. sapiéntum L., Common Banana (many varieties), Adam’s Fig, (d)°M. Simidrum Rumph. (M. corniculata Lour., M. acuminata Coll.), Pisang. These closely related species yield valuable esculent fruits. e. M. textilis Nee. Philippine Islands. Abaca, Abaka. Fibre from leat stalks is Manila Hemp. (f) M. Enséte J. F. Gmel. (E. edule Bruce) of northeastern Africa, Bruce’s Banana, is often planted for ornament in California and the southern States. Fruit in these species not edible. 1368. MUSCARI, Mill. Grape Hyacinth. Liliaceae, Late Latin, said to mean ‘‘musky’’. Syn. Hyacinthust, in part. Bulbous scapose herbs. About 40 species, Old World; 2adv. in U.S. (a) M. botryoides (L.) Mill. (H. botryoides L.). Europe and Asia, adv. in U. S., is the Common Globe Hyacinth, Pearls-of-Spain, Blue-bell*, (b) M. comdésum Mill. Europe. A cultivated variety is called Feather Hya- cinth, Purple-tassels, Purse-tassels, Tuzzimuzzy. 1369. MUSENILOPSIS, C. & R. Museniopsis. Umbelliferae. From Greek, ‘‘resembling Musenium’’. Herbs. One spe- cies in Texas. . 1370. MUSINEON, Raf. 1820. Musineon. Umbelliferae. Greek name of ‘‘Fennel’’. Syn. Adorium Raf. 1825, Muse- nium, Nutt. 1840; Seseli, in part. Resiniferous perennials. Three species, northeastern U. 8. 1371. MUTISIA, L. f. Mutisia. Compositae. Named for José Celestino Mutis, South American botanist, d. 1808. Erect or climbing shrubs, many highly ornamental. About 36 species, South America, a. M. viciaefélia Cavan. Chili. Flowers anti-spasmodic, sedative, cardiac, tonic. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 255 1372. MYGINDA, Jacq. 1760. _ Myginda. Celastraceae. Syn. Crossopetalum, P. Br. 1756, Rhacoma, L. 1759. Shrubs. About 8 species, warmer regions, New World; 4 in 1373. MYOSOTIS, L. Forget-me-not, ete. Boraginaceae. From Greek, ‘“‘mouse-ear’’. Low herbs with flowers in one- sided racemes. About 35 species; 4in U.S. Syn. Scorpion- grass, Mouse-ear. a. M, palustris (L.) Lam. (M. scorpioides, var. palustris L. ). Europe and Asia, cult. and nat. in U. S. Forget-me-not, Mouse-ear, Scorpion-grass, Marsh Scorpion-grass, Snake-grass, Caterpillars, Love-me. 1374. MYOSURUS, L. —_ Mouse-tail. Ranunculaceae. From Greek, ‘‘Mouse-tail”, alluding to form of receptacle. Low annual herbs. About 6 species, America and Australia; 5 in U.S. (a) M. minimus L., Small Mouse-tail, is called also Blood-strange. 1375. MYRICA, L. Wax Myrtle, etc. Myrtaceae. Ancient Greek name of Tamarisk. Syn. Gale, Adana Shrubs or small trees. About 35 species; 7 in U. S. a. M. Carolinénsis Mill. Canada to Florida. Waxberry, Bay- berry, with other synonyms of (b). Fruit abounds in wax, formerly used for candles, ete. b. M. cerifera L. Maryland to Florida, west to Texas and Arkansas. Wax Myrtle, Bayberry, Tallow Bayberry, Candle- berry, Candle-berry Myrtle, Waxberry, Tallow shrub; Ger. Wachsmyrtel, Wachsbaum, Wachsgagel; Fr. Arbre & suif; Sp. Arbol del la cera. Fruit source of American vegetable wax or tallow (myrtle wax, bayberry tallow), which is said to have astringent and mildly narcotic properties. c. M. Gale L. (G. Belgica Dum.). Europe, Asia and N. America, south to Virginia, Michigan and Washington. Sweet Gale, Burren Myrtle, Bog or Devonshire Myrtle, Dutch or Moor Myrtle, Bay-bush, Fern Galet, Meadow Fern*, Gall-bush, Gold- en Osier, Golden Withy, Goule, Goyle, Meadow-burs, Moss Wythan, Sweet Willow, Wild Sumact; Ger. Gagel, Brabanter Myrte; Fr. Piment royal, Galé odorant. Leavesand buds altera- tive, tonic, vulnerary. 1376. MYRIOPYLLUM, L. Water Milfoil. Haloragidaceae. From Greek, ‘‘myriad leaved”. Aquatic herbs. About 20 species; ll in U.S. (a) M. Spear L. may serve as atype of the genus. Spiked Water-Milfoil, Meakin, Navelwort, Wa- ter Navelwort. 1877. MYRISTICA, L.1742. Nutmeg. _—_— Myristicaceae. From Greek, ‘‘fitforanything”. Syn. Palala, Rumph. 1741. Aromatic trees. About 90 species, tropical Asia and America. a. M. Bicuhyba Schott. (M. officinalis Mart.). Brazil. Seeds source of Becuiba Tallow. 256 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS b. M. fragrans Houtt. (P. fragrans (Houtt.) O. Kze., M. moschata Thunb., M. aromatica Swz., M. officinalis L. fils.). Molucca Islands, now cult. in many tropical countries. | Nutmeg tree. Seeds, Nutmegs; Myristica. U. S. P., Br. Semen myristice P. G., Nux moschata, Nuces nucistee; Ger. Muskatnuss, Mos- chatenuss, Myristicasamen; Fr. Muscade (Codex), Noix mus- cade; Sp. Nuez mosedda. Arilloid of fruit, Mace; Macis, U.S.P.; Arillus myristicae, Flores macidis; Ger. Muskatbliithe, Muskat- blumen; Fr. Macis (Codex), Fleur de Muscade; Sp. Macias. Aromatic, carminative, narcotic. From nutmegs is obtained the volatile oil of Nutmeg and the expressed oil, Nutmeg butter. Mace also yields volatile oil. ce. M, fatua Houtt. Molucca Islands. The seeds are the Long, Wild or Male Nutmegs of commerce. d. M, Ot6ba Humb. & Bonp. Northwestern S. America. Sceds source of Otoba butter. 1878. MYRRHIS, Scop. 1772. Sweet Chervil. Umbelliferae. Theancient Greek name. Syn. Lindera, Adans. 1763. Aro- matic herbs. Perhaps only one species. See Glycosma. a. M. odordta Scop. Europe and Asia Minor. Sweet Chervil, Sweet Angelica, Sweet Bracken, Sweet Cicely (of Europe), Sweet Cess or Cisley, Sweet Fernt, Sweet Humlock, Myrrht, Spanish Chervil; Ger. Kérbelkraut. Root aromatic, carmina- tive; used ulso in salads, etc. 1379. MYRSINE, L. - Myrsine. Myrsinaceae. Ancient Greek name of Myrtle. Trees or shrubs. About 80 species, warmer regions of Old and New World; 1 in U. S. 1380. MYRTUS, L. Myrtle. Myrtaceae. The ancient Greek name of (a). Shrubs. About 100 spe- cies, mostly of S. America, some of Australia and Asia. a. M. communis L. Western Asia, nat. in southern Europe. Myrtle, Common Myrtle (Mirtle, Mirtil), Bridal Myrtle, Dutch Myrtle, Jew’s Mvrtle; Ge.; Fr. Myrte. Leaves aron- atic, astringent, antiseptic. (b) M. Arragon Kunth of Mexico is there used as a substitute for the European Myrtle. [Sever- al species of Myrtus yield edible fruits, e.g. (c) M, num- mularia Poiret of Chili and Falkland Islands, Cranberry Myrtle; (d) M. tomentésa Ait. of India and China, and (e) M. Ugni Mol., the Chilian Guava. ] : 1381. NABALUS, Cass. Rattlesnake-root, ete. Cichoriaceae. From vernacular Indianname. Syn. Prenanthes, Harpalyce, in part. Perennial herbs with heads consisting of a few ligul- ate flowers. About 20 species, America and Asia; 11 in U. S. a. N. Albus (L.) Hook. (P. alba L. (Kew), H. album Don). Canada to Georgia and Kentucky. Rattlesnake-root, White Lettuce, Cancer-weed, White Canker-weed, Lion’s-foot. Root bitter, tonic, reputed antidote to snake poison. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 207 b. N. altisimus (L.) Hook. [P. altissima L. (Kew)]. Tall White Letnete, Lion’s-foot, Rattlesrake-root, Bird-bell. Properties of (a). ce. N. serpentirius (Pursh) Hook. (P. serpentaria Pursh (Kew), N. Fraseri DC.). Ontario to Florida. Gall-of-the-earth, Rat- tlesnake-root, Lion’s-foot, Snake Gentian, White Lettuce, Canker-weed. Properties of (a). 1382. NAIAS, L. Water-Nymph. Naiadaceae. From Greek, ‘‘water-nymph’’. Submerged aquatic plants. About 10 species; 5 in U. S. 1383. NAMA, L. 1753. Nama. Hydrophyllaceae. From Greek, a ‘‘stream’’, alluding to the habitat. Syn. Hydrolea L. 1762. Perennial herbs, some shrubby, with blue flowers. About 15 species, warmer regions, both hemispheres; 4in U.S. NANI, see METROSIDEROS. 1384. NAPAEA, L. Glade Mallow. Malvaceae. From Greek, a ‘‘wooded vale’’, alluding to the habitat. A perennial herb with small white diccious fowers. One spe- cies, eastern U. S. 1885. NARCISSUS, L. Narcissus. Amaryllidacene. The ancient Greek name, ‘‘narcotic’. Syn. Jonquilla, Scap- ose herbs from coated bulbs. About 20 species, mostly Kurop- ean. a. N. Pseudo-Nareissus L. (J. bicolor Raf.). Europe. Daffo- dil (Dilly, Daffodilly, Averil), Trumpet Daffodil, Bell-flower, Chalice-flower, Cowslip, Yellow Crowbells, Easter or Yellow Lily, Lide-Lily, Queen Anne’s flower; Ger. Gelbe Narcisse, Afttodil; Fr. Narcisse des prés, Porillon. Bulb and flower emet- ic, antispasmodic. Common in cultivation are also (b) N. Jonquilla L., south- ern Europe, Jonquil, Yellow Jack; (c) N. Bulbocédiam L., Mediterranean region, Hoop-petticoat Daffodil; (d) N. incomparabilis Mill. (N. aurantius Schult.), Europe, some- times called in England Butter-and-eggs or Eggs-and-bacon; (e) N. poéticus L. (J. poetarum Haw. ), Europe, Poet's Narcis- sus, Asphodel, White-dillies, Laus-tibi, Sweet-Nancy, White- Nancy; (f) N. Tazétta L. (N. polyanthos Loisel., J. Tazetta Raf.), Europe, Polyanthus Narcissus. Var. orientalis (N. orientalis L. ) is the Chinese Sacred Lily or New-year’s Lily. 1386. NARDOSTACHYS, DC. Spikenard. YValerianaceae. The ancient Greek name. Syn. Valeriana, in part. A fra- grant herb. One species. a. N. Jataménsi (Roxb.) DC. (V. Jatamansi Roxb.; includes N. grandiflora DC.). Himalaya mountains. Spikenard (of the ancients), East Indian or True Spikenard, Nard, Jatamansi. Root, Nardus indica, Spica nardi; aromatic, bitter, antispasmo- dic. 258 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS 1387. NAREGAMIA, W. & Arn. Goanese Ipecac. Meliaceae. Shrub. One species; (a) N. alata W. & A. (N. dentata Miq.). West Indies. Goanese Ipecacuanha. oot and stalk emetic, nauseant, expectorant. 1388. NAUMBERGLA, Moench. Tufted Loosestrife.Primulaceae. Syn. Lysimachia, in part. Marsh herb with yellow flowers in axillary spikes. One species, circumpolar; northern U. S. 1389. NAVARRETIA, R. & Pav. (Navarettia). Polemoniaceae. Named for Dr. Navarrete, Spanish physician. Syn. Gilia, in part. Annual herbs with small flowers in ae clusters. About 24 species, all of western U. S. (a) N. squarrésa (Esch. ) Hook. & Arn., is called Skunk-weed in California. 1390. NECTANDRA, Roland. Bebeeru, etc. Lauraceae. From Greek, ‘“‘nectar stamen’’. Syn. Ocotea, in part. Trees. About 70 species, warmer regions of New World. a. N. Puchury-major Nees (O. Puchury major Mart.) and (b) N. Pachury-minor Nees (O. Puchury-minor Mart.). Brazil Brazilian Sassafras. Seeds (Cotyledons), Pichury beans, Sassa- fras nuts, Brazilian beans, Fichurim, Puchurim; Semen v. Fabe v. Cotyle pichurim; Ger. Pichurimbohne, Sassafrasniisse; Fr. Feve pichurim, Noix de sassafras; aromatic, stimulant. Bark aromatic, astringent, febrifuge. c.'N. Rodioéi Hook. (N. Rodiei Schomb.). British Guiana. Greenheart tree, Bebeeru tree. Bark, Bebeeru or Bibiru bark; Cortex nectandrw, Cort. beberu v. bibiru; Ger. Bibirurinde: Fr. Ecorce de bébéeru; antiperiodie, tonic; source of alkaloid bebeerine. Starchy seeds, although bitter, used for food. Tim- ber used in ship-building. d. N. Sp. indet. Coto bark and Para-coto bark are derived from trees, natives of Bolivia, that have been referred doubtfully to this genus. Both are aromatic and astringent, used in bowel troubles. See Drymis. 1391. NELUMBO, Adans.Lotus Tay Ener eae .Nymphaeaceae. From vernacular, Ceylon. Syn. Nelumbium. Willd; Nym- hea, in part. Aquatic plants with, large peltate leaves and ‘showy fragrant flowers. Two species, one of Old World, the other American (U. 8.). ca. N. Iitea (Willd.) Pers. (Nelumbium luteum Willd.). New England to Michigan; south to Florida and Indian Territory. American Lotus Lily, Great Water-lily, Water Lotus, Great Yellow Lily, American Nelumbo, Water Chinkapin, Wan- kapin, Yoncopin. Seeds, Duck Acorn, Water-nut, Rattle-nut, esculent. b. N. Neltimbo (L.) Karst. (Nym. Nelumbo L., Nym. nucifera Gaertn., Nelumbium speciosum Willd. ). Egypt to Japan, E. Indies and Australia, adv. in southern U. 8. Sacred Lotus, Indian or Egyptian Lotus, Egyptian Bean, Sacred Bean, Pytha- gorean Bean, Jamaica Water-lily. Rhizome and seeds esculent, the former, source of Chinese arrowroot. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 259 1392. NEMACAULIS, Nutt. | Nemacaulis. Poly gonaceae. m Greek, ‘‘thread stem” Annual herb. One species, California. 1393. NEMACLADUS, Nutt. Nemacladus. _—_ Lobeliaceae. From Greek, ‘thread branch’. Annual herbs. Three known species, California to N. Mexico. 1394. NEMASTYLIS, Nutt. Nemastylis. Iridaceae. From Greek, “thread style’. Syn. Eustylis, Engelm. & Gr.; Ixia, in part. Bulbous herbs with nel regular perianth. About 10 species, New World; in U.S 1395. NEMOPHILA, Nutt. Nemophila. Hydrophyllaceae. From Greek, ‘grove loving’’ Syn. Eliisia, in part. Fra- gile annuals. About 12 species, all of U. S., mostly in Cali- fornia. (a) N. , insignis Dougl. is called Baby-eyes; (b) N. aurita Lindl. is called Love-grove. 1396. NEMOSERIS, Greene. | Nemoseris. —_ Cichoriaceae. From Greek, ‘‘thread Endive’’ Syn. Rafinesquia, Nutt. Stout annuals with white flowers. Two known species, Cali- fornia to New Mexico. 1397. NEOWASHINGTONTIA. Sudw. Sabalaceae. From Greek, ‘new Washingtonia’’. Syn. Washingtonia, Wendl. 1879, not Raf. 1818, Pritchardia, Drude 1889. Large fan-palms. Two species, southern California and southward. (a) N. filamentésa (Wendl.) Sudw., Washington Palm, is our largest native Palm. Seeds used for food by aborigines. 1398. NEPENTHES, L. Pitcher-plant. Nepenthaceae. Greek name of a narcotic drug, ‘‘sorrow removing’. Syn. Phyllamphora, Lour. Climbers, the leaves having pitcher-like appendages. Abvut 40 species, tropical regions of Old World. 1399, NEPETA, L. Catnep. Labiatae. The ancient Latin name of rae Herbs. About 130 spe- cies, Europe and Asia; 1 nat. in U. N. Cataria L. Europe and Asia, nat. in U. S. Catnep (Cat- a. Catmint, Catrup. Cat’s-wort, Field Mint; Ger. Katzen- minze, Katzenkraut: Fr. Cataire, Chataire, Herbe aux chats, Menthe des chats. Herb antispasmodic, carminative, emmena- gogue. 1400. NEPHELIUM, L. 1767. Litchi, ete. _Sapindaceae. Ancient Latin plant name, from the Greek. Syn. Diphero- carpus, Llanos 1759, Litchi. Small trees producing edible fruits. About 20 species, southern Asia, East Indies and Fiji Islands. \. lappicenm L. India. Rambutan (i. e. “hairy” ), Rampos- re Fruit esculent, highly esteemed. N. Litchi Cambess. (N. Lichi Stend.. L. Chinensis Sonner. ). South China, Cochin China and Philippine Islands. Litchi, Litschi, Leechee, Li'tchi, La'tji. A favorite fruit in China. 260 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS - Léngan Cambess. India to southern China. Longan. Fruit, called by the Chinese /ung-yen. i. & dragon’seye, es- culent. 1401. NEPHROLEPIS, . Bog Onion*, Osmund-the-waterman: Ger. Konigsfarrn. Traubenfarrn. RAi- zomé tonic, astringent, demulcent. 1472. OSTRYA. Scop. Hop-Hombeam. Betulaceae. The classical name. Syn. Caroinus, in part. Trees with heavy hard wood. Four known species. \. temperate zone; 2 in C..S. a. Q. Virginiana ( Mill.) Willd. (C. Virginiana Mill. O. Virgi- nica Willd.). Canada and eanern U. 5. Hop-hormbeam, Ironwood, Deer-wood. Lever-wood. Hardhack*, Black Hazel. Indian Cedar. Bark bitter tonic. 1473. OUROUPARLA, Aubl. 1775. 9 Gambir. Rubiaceae. Syn. Uncaria, Schreb. 179. Uncinaria, Reichb. 1241; Naue- lea. in part. Shrubby climb-rs with hooked spines. About 35 species mostly of India, one of S. America. a Q. Gambier (Roxb. ) Baill. (U. Gambier Roxb.. N.Gambier Hun- ter). East Indies. An extract of the leaves and young shoots constitutes the tanning material oidir , gambler’ ealled also terra japonica and pale catechu. Catechu pallidum. Catechu, Br. and P. G.: Ger. Gambir Catechu. Gutta Gambir: Fr. Gambir cubigue: astringent. See Acacia Catechu. Gambir is prepared also from (b) Q. aeida | Roxb.) Lyons (U. acida Roxb.) of Pulo Penang and neighboring islands. 1474. OWENTA. F. Muell. Plum*. Wild Apple. Melijaceae. Named for Richard Owen, naturalist. Trees. About 6 spe cies, Australia. (a) QO. cerasifera F. Muell. is called Sweet Plum. Rancooran: «> Q. venosa F. Muell. is called Sour Plum, Pyddharr, Tulip-wood. 1475. OXALIS, L. Wood Sorrel. Oxalidaceae. From Greek, ‘sour’ | Syn. Oxys, Adans. Herbs often bulbous. with digitate (commonly trifoliate) leaves. About 250 species, chiefly of warmer regions: 20 in U. S.. including some naturalized. BOLENTINIC AND POPULAI, 271 a (0. Acetoséila LL. (Oxys Acetosellin Scop.) Hurope, Axia, northern Africa, N. America, south to N. Carolina and Michi- an. Wood Sorrel, White or Trae Wood-sorrel, Wood-sour, Wonder. Alleluia (Allolida, fujula), Cuckoo-bread, Cuckoo-flower, Cuckoo’ s-meat, Cuckoo-sour, Cuckoo's or Gowk’s Clover, Hearts, Ladiew’ Clover, Laverocks, Sour or Sleeping Clover, Sleeping- beauty, Sheep Sorrel, Sour Trefoil or ‘Trifoly, Shamrock, Binion’ Green-sauce; Ger, Sauerklee, Hasenklee; Ir. Alléluia, Surelle, Pain de coucou; Sp. Acederilla, Socoyol. [Many of above synonyms apply equally to other species]. Plant, a6 in other species, acidulous, diuretic, antiscorbutic; contains oxalic acid, and so may be poisonous. b. 0. stricta L. (0. corniculata var. stricta Sav., Oxys stricta All. ). Canada aud Mastern UL 8, nat. in Murope. Ladies’ Sorrel Upright Yellow Wood-sorrel, Sheep Sorrel, Sheep-poison, (c} 0. cornieulita L., Procumbent Yellow aViidlcureal: is not distinguished popularly from this species, The Index Kewensix includes both under the latter name. 1476. OX YCOCCUS, Hill, 766. 9 Cranberry. — Vaceiniacene. From Creek, ‘Sour berry’. Syn. Slain Roth. not Schreb.; Vaccinium, in part. "Trailing or erect shrubs, Four apevicd, northern hemisphere; 3 in U. 8. wu O. macrocirpus (Ait.) Pers. Vo macrocarpon Ait. but Index Kew, makes this a synonym of (b), ax algo O. macrocarpuys Turcez.). British America south to N. Carolina, Michigan and Minnesota. American Cranberry, Large Cranberry, Bear- berry, with other synonyms of (b). b. O. Oxyedceus (1...) MacM. (V. Oxycoccus L., O. palustris Pers, (Kew), 8. Oxyeoecus Roth. ). Northern urope, Asia and N. America, south to New Jersey and Michigan, — Muropean or Small Cranberry, Cranberry, Cramberry, Crane’s-berry, Marsh Cranberry, Crowberry, Marshberry, Moss-berry, Moor-berry, Bog-berry, fen-berry, Sourberry, Sow-berry{, Swamp Redberry, Bogwort, Marshwort, Moonog, Moss-milion (1. ¢, Moss-melon) ; Gor, Moosbeere, Kesselbecre, Sauerbeere, Kranichbeere. fruit, Fructus oxycoccos, Braces oxyeocci, acidulous, refrigerant, osculent, 1477. OXYDENDRUM, DC. Sour-wood. Ericnceac. From Greek, “sour tree’. Syn. Andromeda, in part. tree with deciduous sour leaves. One species, eastern U.S. uw O. arbéroum (1) DC. (A. arborea L.). | Pennsylvania to Mlorida. Sourwood, Sorrel-tree, Mik-tree, Leaves refrigerant, diuretic. 1178. OXYQGRAPIEES, Bunge, Crowfoot®, Ranunculaceae, From Creek, ‘sharp style’. Syn. Cyrtorhyneha, Ranun- cutis, in part. Perennial herbs resembling Ranunculus, About 10 species, mostly Asiatic; Lin U.8., viz, (a) O. Cym- balirla (Pursh) Pranth (2. Cymbalaria Pursh. ). 147% OXYPOLES, Raf. 1825, Pig Potato, ete. Umbolliferac. Syn. Tiedomannia, DCL 1820, Archemora, DC. 1829; Oenan- the, Peucedanum, Shum, in part. Perennial marsh herbs from tuberous roots, our species, all of UL 8, 272 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS a. Q. filiformis (Walt.) Brit. (Oe. filiformis Walt., Ox. tereti- folia Raf.). Southeastern U.S. False Dropwort, Oxypolis?. b. 0. rigida (L.) Raf. (S. rigidum L., A. rigida DC., P. ternatum Nutt. (Kew), A. ternata Nutt.). Eastern U. 8. Cowhbane, Hemlock Dropwort, Water Dropwort, Pig Potato. 1480. OXYRIA, Hill. Mountain Sorrel. Polygonaceae. From Greek, ‘‘sour’. Syn. Acetosa, Rumex, in part. Fleshy herbs with acid foliage. Two known species, north temperate zone; 1 in U. 8. a. Q. digyna (L.) Hill (R. digynus L., A. digyna Mill., O. renifor- mis Hook.). Northern Europe, Asia and N. America, south to New Hampshire and Colorado. Mountain Sorrel, Round-leav- ed Sorrel, Sour Dock, Boreal Sour Dock. 1481. OXYSTYLIS, Tor. & Frem. Oxystylis. Capparidaceae. From Greek, “sharp style’ Herb with small yellow flowers. A single species, California. 1482. OXYTENIA, Nutt. Oxytenia. Compositae. From Greek, ‘‘pointed’’, alluding to the leaves. Shrubby plant resembling Artemisia. One species, California to Colo- rado. 1488. OXYTHECA, Nutt. Oxytheca. Polygonaceae. From Greek, ‘‘pointed case’. Annuals resembling Eriogo- num. About 10 species, N. America; 8 in western U. 8. 1484. OXYTRIA, Raf. 1836. Oxytria. Liliaceae. Syn. Scheenolirion, Tor. 1855. Scapose herbs. About 3 species, southwestern U. S. T. 1485. PACHYLOPHUS, Spach. Scapose Primrose. Onagraceae. From Greek, ‘‘thick crest’?. Syn. Oenothera (Kew), in part. Scapose herb with white or pink flowers. One species, central U.S... 1486. PACHYSANDRA, Michx. Pachysandra. Buxaceae. From Greek, ‘‘thick stamen’’. Monecious perennial herbs. Two species, one of Japan, one of southeastern U. S.; (a) P. procimbens Michx. Alleghany Mountain Spurge. 1487. PACHYSTIMA, Raf. (Pachystima). Celastraceae. Syn. eeaphils, Nutt. Evergreen shrubs. Two species, both of U.S. 1488. PAEONIA, L. Peony. Ranunculaceae. The ancient Greek name, from Pron, the physician of the gods. Herbs, some shrubby. About 10 species, north temper- ate zone; 1 in U. 8. a. P. Motitan Simson. Japan and China. Tree Peony, Botam (Japan), Montan (China-meu-tang, King of flowers), SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 278 b. P. officinalis L. Southern Europe, cult. in gardens. Peony (Piany, Pianet, Piney),Chessest, Naupie, Sheep-shearing Rose; Ger. Gichtrose, Pfingstrose; Fr. Pivoine officinale (Codex); Sp. Peonia. Root antispasmodic. The Chinese Peony of gardens (White or Fragrant Peony) is (c) P. albiflora Pall. 1489, PALAFOXIA, Lag. Palafoxia. Compositae. Named for Jose Palafox, noted Spanish general. Herbs, some shrubby, with purple or white flowers. About 4 species, N. America; 2 in southwestern U. 8. 1490. PALAQUIUM, Blanco 1837.Gutta-percha tree. Sapotaceae. Syn. Dichopsis, Thw. 1864; Isonandra, in part. Trees with milky sap. About 30 species, East Indies. a. P. Gitta (Hook f.) Burck. (I. Gutta Hook. f., D. Gutta B. & H.). East Indies. Taban or Gutta-taban tree. Concrete exud- ate, Gutta percha, Gummi plasticum, Gummi gettania; Ger. Fr. Gutta-percha (Codex); used for splints, etc. 1491. PALIURUS, Juss. Christ’s Thorn. Rhamnaceae. The ancient Greek name. Syn. Zizyphus, in part. Thorny shrubs. Two species, Mediterranean region and Asia. a. P. aculedtus Lamb. (P. Spina-Christi Mill., P. vulgaris Steud., Z. Spina-Christi Georgi, Z. Paliurus Willd.). Southern Europe to India. Christ?s Thorn, Christ-thorn; Fr. Porte- chapeau. Seeds yield adye. Perhaps the plant from which the ‘‘crown of thorns’’ was plaited. 1492. PALMERELLA, Gray. Palmerella. Lobeliaceae. Named for the discoverer, Dr. Edward Palmer, Herbs. Two species, southwestern U. 8. 1498. PANAX, L.( Panacea). Ginseng. Araliaceae. Ancient Greek plant-name, ‘‘all healing’. Syn. Aralia, Ginseng, in part. Perennial herbs from thickened roots. About 10 species, North America and Asia; 2in U. 8. a. P. Ginseng Nees. (A. Ginseng Dec. & Planch. (Kew).] China, Chinese or Genuine Ginseng (Jin-tian or Jin-Shen), Asiatic Ginseng, Schinseng; Ger. Chinesische Kraftwurzel. Root aroma- tic, esteemed by the Chinese almost a panacea, especially as an aphrodisiac. b. P. quinquefélius L. (G. quinquefolium Wood, A. quinquefolia Dec. & Planch. (Kew), P. Ginseng C. A. Meyer, not Nees., P. Ninsi Thunb. not L.). Quebec to Alabama, west to Nebraska. Ginseng, American Ginseng, Jinshang (U. 8.), Ninsin*, Sang, Red-berry, Five-fingers, Garentoquen (Iroquois), Grantogen; Ger. Amerikanische Kraftwurzel, Schinseng, Fr. Ginseng. Root aromatic, stimulant. ce. P. trifélius L. (A. trifolia Dec. & Planch. (Kew), G. trifolium. Wood.). Canada and eastern U.S. Dwarf Ginseng, Dwarf Ground-nut. 1494. PANCRATIUM, L. Sea Daffodil, etc. Amaryllidaceae. From Greek, all powerful’ Bulbous herbs. About 12 spe- cies, Mediterranean region. 374 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS a. P. maritimum L. Europe. Pancratic Squill, Sea Daffodil. Bulb diuretic, emetic, expectorant. 1495. PANDANUS, Rumph. 1781. Screw Pine. Pandanaceae. Syn. Keura, Forsk. 1775, Athrodactylis, Forst. 1776. Shrubby or arboreous plants. About 50 species, tropical regions of eastern hemisphere and Oceanica. a. P. odorifera (Forsk.) Lyons (K. odorifera, Forsk. 1775, K. odora Thunb. P. odoratissima L. f., 1781 (Kew), P. verus Rumph., P. fascicularis Lam., A. spinosa Forst.). India, Australia and Oceanica. Fragrant-flowered Screw-pine or Pan- danus, Screw Pine, Umbrella-tree*, Hala (Pacitic islands). Flowers yield Keora or Ketgee oil. Fruit, called breadfruit*, edible, the chief food of natives of some of the Micronesian islands. Leaves (Lauhala) used for plaiting mats, fans, sugar- sacks, etc., as are those of (b) P. utilis Bory. in the Mauri- tius Islands. 1496. PANICUM, L. Panic-grass, ete. Gramineae. Ancient Latin name of a grass, probably Sorghum. Annual or perennial grasses. About 300 species; about 100 in U. S. a. P. mildceum L. (P. Miliare Lam.). Asia, now widely cult. Millet, Broom-corn Millet, Hirse, Warree (Hindustan). (b) P. frumentaceum Roxb., the Shamalo or Shamoola of India, also yields a kind of millet. 1497. PAPAVER, L. - _ Poppy. Papaveraceae. The classical name. Herbs with milky sap; flowers showy. eee species, mostly of Old World; 10 indigenous and nat. in U.S. a. Ee ee L. ned clavigerum Lam.). Europe, adv. in . 8. Pale Rough-fruited Po Long Rough-fruited Poppy, ‘Wind Rose, Headache. REY e E Pee b. P. dibium L. Europe, adv. in U. S. Long Smooth-fruited Poppy, Blaver, Headache. ec. P. Rhoéas L. Europe, cult. and adv. in U.S. Com Poppy (Puppy, Popple, Pope), Field or Red Poppy, Corn Rose, Cop- er Rose (Cuprose), Cockeno, Canker, Canker Rose, African ose, Blind-eyes, Cheesebowl,Chasbowt, Headache, Headwarkt, Thunder-flower; Ger. Klatschrose, Klapperrose, Feldrose: Fr. Coquelicot (Codex), Pavot rouge; Sp. Ampola. Petals, Red- poppy petals, Rhoeados Petala, Br., Flores rhozados, FI. papa- veris erratici; anodyne. d. P. somniferum L. (P. officinale C. C. Gmel., P. album Mill. ). Mediterranean region, cult. in India and commonly in gardens. Opium Poppy, Cheesebowl (Chashow), Pushpole, Joan Silver- pin, Marble-Hower, Ger. Mohn; Fr. Pavot blanc, Pavot officinal (Codex). Capsules ‘of the white variety, B. somniferum var. album DC., P. officinale Gmel.); Papaveris Capsulae, Br., Fructus Papaveris immaturi P. G., Papaver. U.S. P., 1870, SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 275 Codia; mildly narcotic. Seeds, Maw-seed, yield Poppy oil. Concrete exudation from unripe capsules, Opium, U. 8. P., Meconium, Succus thebaicus; narcotic, anodyne, soporific. Source of Morphine, Codeine and other alkaloids. 1498. PARAMERIA, Benth. Parameria. — Apocynaceae. Shrubby climbers. About 5 species, East Indies. (a) P. yulnerdéria Radlk., Philippine Islands, is the source of Cebu balsam. 1499. PARIETARIA, L. Pellitory. Urticaceae. The ancient Latin name, whence the English word Pellitory. Herbs. About 7 species; 3 in U. S. a. P. officinalis L. Europe. Wall Pellitory, Wall Paritoryt, Pellitory-of-the- wall, Wallwort, Lichwort; Ger. Glaskraut; Fr. Pariétaire (Codex). Perce-muraille; Sp. Parietaria. Herb astringent, diuretic, lithontriptic. (b) P. Pennsylvdnica Muhl., American Pellitory, is called also Hammerwort and Helxine. 1500. PARINARIUM, Aubl. Gingerbread-tree. Rosaceae. Syn. Parinari, Nonda. Trees, some having edible fruits. About 40 species, tropical regions. (a.) P. macrophyllum Sabine. West Africa. Gingerbread Plum. (b.) P. Nonda F. Muell. Australia. Nonda tree. Fruit edible. Ginger- bread-tree. 1501. PARIS, L. Herb Paris. Convallariaceae. From Latin par ‘‘equal’’, all parts of the plant being in fours. Herbs with the leaves in a single whorl. About 6 species, Europe and Asia. a. P. quadrifélia L. Europe. Herb-Paris, Herb of Paris, Herb- truelove, Devil-in-a-bush, Fox-grape*, Leopard’s-bane*, Four- leaved-grass, One-berry; Ger. Einbeere; Fr. Parisette. Plant reputed narcotic. 1502. PARISHELLA, Gray. Parishella. Lobeliaceae. Herh. One species in California. 1503. PARKIA, B. Br. African Locust. Mimosaceae. Trees. About 25 species, tropical regions of Old and New World. a. P. biglandulésa W. & A. Africa, originally from India. African Locust, Nitta or Nutta tree, Doura (of Soudan), Sou- dan Coffee. Seeds and saccharine pulp surrounding them, escu- lent; a substitute for coffee. 1504. PARKINSONIA, L. Horse-Bean, etc. Caesalpinaceae. Named for John Parkinson, herbalist to James I. Trees. About 7 species, tropical America, 1 of Africa; 1in U. S._ (a) P. aculedta L. West Indies, Mexico and southern U. S. Retama, Horse-bean, Jerusalem Thorn (Jamaica). Bark febri- fuge. 276 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS 1505. PARNASSIA, L. Grass of Parnassus. Saxifragaceae. The ancient Greek name, plant of ‘‘Parnassus’’. Scapose herbs with white or yellowish flowers. About 12 species, north temperate and arctic zones; 8 in U. 8. Synonyms are White Buttercup, White Liverwort. 1506. PARONYCHIA, Adans. Whitlowwort. Caryophyllaceae. Greek plant name, ‘‘whitlow plant’. Syn. Anychia, in part. Tufted perennials. About 40 species; 15 in U.S. Synonyms are Nailwort and Knot-grass*. a P. argyrécoma (Michx.) Nutt. (A. argyrocoma Michx.). Maine to Georgia. Silver Whitlowwort, Silver Chickweed, Silver-head. 1507. PAROSELA, Cav. 1802. _ Parosela. __Papilionaceae. Anagram of Psoralea. Syn. Dalea, Willd. 1803, not P. Br., 1756. Herbs or shrubs with small purple, white or yellow flowers in spikes. About 110 species, New World; 46 in U. 8. 1508. PARRASIA, Greene. Parrasia. Cruciferae. Syn. Greggia, Gray 1852, not Engelm. 1848. Sub-shrubs. Two species, southwestern U. 8. 1509. PARRYA, R. Br. Parrya. Cruciferae. Low alpine herbs from thick perennial rootstocks. About 15 species, northern hemisphere; 4 in U.S. 1510. PARRYELLA, Tor. & Gr. Parryella. Papilionaceae. One species in U. 8. 1511. PARSONSIA,P. Br. 1756, (not of R. Br.1809). Lythraceae. Named for Dr. James Parsons, Scotch botanist. Syn., Cuphea, P. Br. 1756, also Lythrum, in part. Herbs or shrubs. About 180 species, New World; 5 in U.S. i a. P. petiolata (L.) Rusby (L. petiolatum L., C. viscosissima Jacq.). Rhode Island to Georgia, west to Kansas. Blue Wax-weed, Clammy Cuphea, Tar-weed, Wax-bush, Wax-weed. 1512. PARTHENICE, Gray. Parthenice. Compositae. Cinereous annual. One species, Colorado and Arizona. 1613. PARTHENIUM, L. Feverfew, etc. Compositae. Greek plant name, ‘‘maidenly’’ or ‘‘pure’’ Syn. Hystero- horus, Adans. Perennial herbs or shrubs. About 10 species ew World. c a P,. Hysterophorus L. (P. pinnatifidum Stokes). West Indies to southeastern U. 8. Bastard Feverfew, Indian Mugwort Wild Wormwood, White-head (W. Indies), Brown-bush’ Plant tonic, febrifuge, emmenagogue. b. P. integrifélium L. (P. amplectens Raf.). Maryland to Georgia, west to Texas and Minnesota. American Feverfew, Prairie Dock*, Cutting Almond, Nephritic plant, Wild Quinine. Plant bitter, diuretic, febrifuge. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 277 1514. PARTHENOCISSUS, Planch. 1887. Vitaceae. From Greek, ‘“‘virgin’s Cissus’. Syn. Quinaria, Raf. 1830, not Lour. 1790; Ampelopsis, Cissus, Hederat, Vitis (Kew), in part. Climbing or trailing woody vines. About 10 species, Asia; one in N. America. a. P. quinquefolia (L.) Planch, (H. quinquefolia L., V. hedera- cea Willd. (Kew), A. quinquefolia Michx., C. quinquefolia Pers. ). Canada, eastern U.S. and Mexico, also in Cuba. Virginia Creeper, American Ivy, American-joy, False Grape, Five-finger, Five-leaved Ivy, Five-fingered Ivy, American Woodbine, Woodbine*, Wild Woodbine, Wild Wood-vine, Woody Climber; Ger. Wilder Wein, Amerikanischer Epheu; Fr. Vigne vierge. Bark and twigs alterative, tonic, expectorant, diuretic. b. P. tricuspiddta (Sieb. & Zuce.) Planch. (A. tricuspidata S. & Z., V. inconstans Mig. (Kew), A. Veitchii of gardeners). Japan, widely cult. as an ornamental vine, Japanese Ivy. 1515. PASSIFLORA, L. _ Passion-flower. _Passifloraceae. Latin, ‘‘flower’’ of our Savior’s ‘‘passion”. Herbaceous or woody climbers. About 250 species, tropical regions mostly of the New World; 9 in U. S. 2 . P. foétida L. Southeastera U. S., West Indies, etc. West Indian Love-in-a-mist, Wild Water-lemon. Plant expectorant, antispasmodic. > . P. hispida DC. (P. Marigouja Per.). Jamaica. Bull-hoof, Dutchman’s-laudanum. lowers narcotic. : . P. incarndta L. Southeastern U. S. Wild Passion-flower or Passion-vine. Plant antispasmodic. Extract of root used in treatment of ulcers, hemorrhoids, ete. Fruit edible, called May-pops. Similar medicinal properties belong to the Yellow Passion-flower, (d) P. litea L., of southeastern U. 8. P. laurifélia L. (P. tinifolia Juss.). West Indies to Brazil. Water Lemon, Jamaica Honeysuckle, Bay-leaved Passion-flower. Fruit edible. Leaves astringent, anthelmintic. ° ° f. P. quadrangularis L. Brazil, cult. in all tropical countries. Granadilla (Diminutive of Granada, Spanish name of Pome- granate), Grenadilla. Fruit (i. e. pulp surrounding the seeds) esculent. oot narcotic. Many other species yield similar edible fruits, commonly known as granadilla, or in some cases, as water-lemon. The most notable are (g) P. édulis Sims, Brazil; (h) P. ligularis Juss., Mexico to Bolivia, of deli- cious flavor; (i) P. macrocirpa Masters, Brazil to Peru; fruit reaching eight pounds in weight; (j) P. maliférmis L., West Indies to Brazil, Sweet Calabash, Sweet Water-lemon, Culupa, Curubat. 1516. PASTINACA, L. Parsnip. Umbelliferae. Latin name of Parsnip or Carrot, from pastus, ‘‘food’’. Syn. Peucedanum, in part. Herbs with fleshy roots and yellow flowers. About 7 species, Europe and Asia. 278 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS a. P. sativa L. (Peucedanum sativum S. Benth.). Europe and Asia, everywhere cult., nat. in U.S. Parsnep (Parsnip, Par- senep, Pastnip, Pasnet): The wild plant is known as Mad-nep, Aaes Tank, Hart’sere. Queen-weed. Root esculent. Scie uretic. 1517. PATRINLA, Juss Patrinia. Valerianaceae. Named for M. Patrini, French botanist. Herbs with corymbed yellow flowers. About 3 species, Asia. (a) P. seabiosaefolia Link. Japan. Kesso. Rov‘ antispasmodic. 1518. PAULLINIA, L. Guarana, ete. Sapindaceae. Named for C. F. Paullini, German botanist. d. 1712. _Shrub- by twining plants. About 125 species, mostly of tropical Amer- ica, one African. a. P. Cupana Kunth (P. sorbili- Mart.). Brazil. Crushed seeds moulded into cylindrical masses and dried constitute Guarana, U.S. P., Brazilian Cocoa; Pasta guarana, Pasta seminum paulliniz: very rich in caffeine, used as a beverage and as a nerve stimulant. 1519. PAULOWNIA, Sieb. & Zuce. Scrophulariaceae. Named for Anna Panlowna, daughter of the Czar. Paul I. Syn. Bignoniay, in part. A large tree resembling Catalpa. One species, Japan, nat. in southeastern UT. S. Paulownia. 1520. PAVONIA, Cav. Pavonia. Malvaceae. Named for Don Josef Pavon. botanical traveler in Peru. Herbs or small shrubs) About 70 species, warmer regions of America, a few in Asia; tin TU. §. 1521. PECTIS, L. Pectis. - Compositae. From Latin pecéen, ‘‘comb”, alluding tothe pappus. Strong- scented herbs with small flower heads, yellow). About 50 spe cies, warmer regions of New World, 12 in T. &. 1522. PECTOCARYA, DC. 1840. Pectocaryra. Boraginaceae. From Greek. ‘‘comb nut”. Syn. Ktenospermum. Lehm. 1837. Low annuals with minute white flowers. About 6 species, New World; in U.S. 1523. PEDICULARIS, L. Lousewort. Scrophulariaceae. Latin, *‘lousewort’. the plants formerly believed to breed lice in sheep. Herbs. About 125 species, mostly of northern hemisphere; 33 in U. S.: Ger. Lausekraut; Fr. Pediculaire. a. P. Canadénsis L. Canada to Florida, west to Colorado and south into Mexico. Wood Betony, Lousewort. High Heal-all, Beefsteak plant. Head Betony, Snafiles, Lousewort Foxglove b. P. palustris L. Europe. Asia and northern N. America. Red. rattle, Cow's-wort, Marsh Lousewort. Similar to this species, but with smaller flowers, is (c’ P. parviflora J. E. Smith of Oregon and British America. 1524. PEDILANTHUS, Neck. Slipper Plant. Euphorbiaceae, From Greek, ‘sandal flower’. Shrubs. About 15 species, tropical America. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 279 a. P. tithymalofdes Poit. West Indies and S. America. Jew- bush, Slipper-plant, Slipper Spurge. Plant emetic, antisyphili- tic. 1525. PEGANUM, L. Peganum. Zygophyllaceae. The Greek name of Rue, “solid”, alluding to the fleshy leaves. Odorous herbs. About 5 species, warmer regions of New and Uld World; 1 in U. 8. 1526. PELARGONIUM, L’Her. Geranium. —_Geraniaceae. From Greek, ‘‘stork plant’, the beaked capsules resembling a stork’s bill. Herbs or shrubs with umbellate flowers. About 400 species, Old World, mostly African. a. P. odoratissimum Ait. South Africa. Nutmeg-scented Pelar- gonium or Geranium. Leaves yield a fragrant volatile oi] often substituted for oil of rose. From (b) P. radula (Cav.) Ait., Rough Rose Geranium, and (c) P. capitatum (L.) Ait., Rose- scented Pelargonium or Geranium, similar oils are obtained, known as oil of Rose Geranium or oil of Pelargonium. See Andropogon. d. P. triste Ait. S. Africa. Night-scented Pelargonium. ubers edible. Among the numerous cultivated Pelargoniums may be especially noted (¢) P. grandifiérum Willd., the large-flowered Lady Washington (reranium, (f) P. peltdtum Ait., lvy-leaved Geranium and (g) P. zondle L’Her., the Common Horse- shoe (jeranium. 1527. PELLAEA, Link. Cliff-Brake. Polypodiaceae. From Greek, ‘‘dark’’, alluding to the stipes. Syn. Pteris, in part. Rock-loving ferns. About 55 species; 15 in U. 8. (a) P, atropurpurea (L.) Link. (Iter. atropurpurea L.). Brit- ish America, south to Georgia and Arizona. Purple-stemmed Cliff-brake, Clayton’s Cliff-brake, Indian’s-dream. 1628. PELTANDRA, Raf. Arrow-Arum. Araceae. From Greek, ‘shield stamen”. Syn. Calla, Arum, Xantho- soma, in part. Bog herbs with arrow-shaped leaves. Two species, both of eastern U. 8. a. P. sagittaefolia (Michx.) Morong (C. sagittacfolia Michx., P. alba Raf., X. sagittaefolia Chapm., not Schott.). Virginia to Florida. White Arrow-arum, Arrow-leaved Spoon-flower. b. P. Virginica (L.) Kunth (A. Virginicum L.). Arrow Arum, Green Arrow-arum, Virginia Wake-robin, ‘Tuckahoe*. Ahi- zomes acrid, abounding in starch, formerly used as food by the Indians. 1529. PELTIPHYLLUM, Engelm. Saxifragaceae. From Greek, ‘shield leaf”. One species in U. 8. 1580. PENAEA, L. Pena. Penaeaceae. Named for Pierre Pena, French botanist, 16th Century. Un- dershrubs. About 20 species, Africa. 280 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS a. P. fucdta L. (P. furcata Mur., P. fuscata Auct., not Poir., P. Sarcocalla L.) and (b) P. mucronata L. of central and southern Africa, are the reputed although improbable source of the exudate, Sarcocolla, Sarcocol, Anzeroot (Arabia), Gujara (Hindustan); Ger. Fleischleimgummi, Fischleimgummi; Fr. Sarcocolle; reputed detergent, discutient, depilatory. 1581. PENNISETUM, Pers. _ Egyptian Millet. Gramineae, From Latin, ‘feather bristle’ Syn. Panicum, Penicillaria, in part. About 40 species, warmer;regions. a. P, thyphoideum Rich. (Pan. ceeruleum Mill., Penic. spicata Willd.). Egypt to India, cult. in southern U.S. Egyptian or East Indian Millet, Cat-tail or Pearl Millet, Bajree (India), Egyptian Wheat. One of the principal cereals of India. In China (b) P. ceredle Trin. is cultivated likewise. 1532. PENTACAENA, Bartling. Pentacena. Caryophyllaceae, From Greek, ‘‘Five thorns’. Tufted perennials with pun- gent subulate leaves. About 4 species, New World; 1 in south- western U. S. 1538. PENTACHAETA, Nutt. Pentachacta. | Compositae. From Greek, ‘‘Five awned’’. Low vernal annuals. About 6 species, southwestern U. 8. 1534. PENTHORUM, L. Ditch Stonecrop. Crassulaceae. From Greek, ‘‘five’’ and ‘‘rule’’, the parts of the flower being all in fives. Perennial herbs with flowers in secund cymes. Three known species, Asia and N. America; 1 in U.S. a. P. sedoides L. Canadaand eastern U. 8. Virginia Stone- crop, Ditch Stonecrop. Herb astringent. 1535, PENTODON, Hochst. Pentodon. Rubiaceae. From Greek, ‘“‘five toothed’. Syn. Oldenlandia, in part. Tender annuals. Two species, one in Africa, one in southeast- ern U. 8. to Cuba. 1536. PENTSTEMON, Soland. Beard-tongue. Serophulariaceae. From Greek, ‘‘five stamens”, the flowers having a fifth rudi- mentary stamen. Syn. Penstemon, Pentastemon. Perennial herbs with showy flowers. About 110 species, North America: 107 in U. 8., mostly southwestern. , 1537. PEPEROMIA, Ruiz. & Pav. Peperomia. Piperaceae. From Greek, ‘‘pepper like’’. Fleshy herbs, some shrubby. About 400 species, warmer regions especially of New World: 2 in U.S. ee 1588. PERAMIUM, Salish. 1812. Goodyera. Orchidaceae. Syn. Goodyera (Kew), R. Br. 1813, also Satyrium and Neottia, in part. Herbs with tufted basal leaves, the inconspic- uous flowers in bracted spikes. About 25 species; 3 in U. &. a. P, pubéscens ( Willd.) MacM. (N. pubescens Willd., G. pubes. cens R. Br.). Canada and eastern U.S. Downy Rattlesnake Plantain, Net-leaf Plantain, Spotted Plantain, Rattlesnake. weed, Networt, Adder’s Violet*, Ratsbane, Scrofula-weed, SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 281 Plant reputed alterative. The smaller (b) P. répens (L.) Salisb. (S. repens L., G. repens R. Br.), Creeping or Lesser Rattlesnake Plantain, is called also White Plantain, Smaller Net-leaf Plantain and Squirrel-ear. 1539. PERAPHYLLUM, Nutt. Peraphyllum. Pomaceae. Shrubs, allied to Amelanchier. One species, central U. S. 1540. PERESKIA, L., not Vell. 1825. Bleo, ete. Cactaceae. Syn. Pierescia, Peireskia. Leafy as well as thorny shrubs. About 15 species, tropical America. a. P. aculedita Mill. West Indies. Barbados or West Indian Gooseberry, Gooseberry shrub. Fruit edible. In New Granada the leaves of the Bleo, (b) P. Bléo DC., are used for salad. 1541. PEREZIA, Lag. Perezia. Compositae. Syn. Dumerelia, Less., not Lag.; Trixis, in part. Herbs or sub-shrubs. About 50 species, warmer regions of America; 5 in U.S. a. P. adndta Gray (T. Pipitzahoac Schaffner.,D. Alamani DC. ). Central Mexico. Rhizome laxative. From this and other spe- cies is obtained pipitzahoic acid, called vegetable gold, which has purgative properties. 1542. PERICOME, Gray Pericome. Compositae. From Greek, ‘“‘hair all around”, referring to the akenes. A strong-scented herb with yellow flowers. Arizona to New Mexico. A second species is found in Mexico. 1548. PERILLA, L. Perilla. Labiatae. From vernacular, Hindustan. Syn. Ocimum, in part. An- nual herbs with colored leaves. Two species, natives of Asia. a. P. frutéscens (L.) Brit. (O. frutescens L. 1753, P. ocimoides L. 1764). India, cult. in gardens and adv. in U.S. Perilla. A variety with crisped leaves, P. frutescens Nankinensis (Lour. ) Brit., is called Beefsteak plant. 1544. PERIPLOCA, L. Climbing Dogsbane. Aselepiadaceae. From Greek, ‘‘twining’’. Twining vines. About 12 species, warmer regions of Old World. (a) P. Graéea L. Southern Europe. Milk-vine, Silk-vine, Climbing Dog’s-bane. Plant used as a wolf poison. 1545. PERITYLE, Benth. Perityle. Compositae. From Greek, ‘‘callous all around’’, of the akenes. Herbs with rather small flower-heads, white or yellow. About 12 spe- cies, Mexican border of U.S. t. 1546. PERSEA, Gaertn. Avocado, ete. Lauraceae. Greek name of some fruit-bearing tree. Syn. Laurus, Nota- hoebe, in part. Trees or shrubs. About 50 species, New World; 3in U.S. a. P. Borboénia (L.) Spreng. (D. Borbonia L., P. Carolinensis Nees (Kew), L. Carolinensis Michx., L. Caroliniana Poir., N. Borbonia Pax.). Southeastern U.S. Red Bay, White Bay, Tsabella-wood, False Mahogany, Tiss-wood. (b) P. pubés- eens (Pursh) Sarg. of southeastern U. S. is called Swamp Bav. 282 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS c. P. Pérsea (L.) Cockerell (L. Persea L., P. gratissima Gaertn., L, Indica Sieb., not L.). Mexico to Brazil and Peru, cult. in all tropical countries. Avocado Pear, Avocado (Avicato, Avigato, Avocat, corrupted from Ahuaca or Aquacata, verna- cular names), Alligatort Pear, Holy-ghost Pear; Fr. Avocatier. Fruit Vegetable butter, Midshipman’s butter, Vegetable mar- row*; esculent. Seeds anthelmintic, anodyne. 1547, PETALONYX, Gray. Petalonyx. Loasaceae. Herbs. Two species, Mexican border of U. S. 1548. PETASITES, Gaertn. Sweet Coltsfoot, etc. Compositae. Ancient Greek plant name, meaning a ‘‘hat’’, from resem- blance of the leaves. Syn. Tussilago, Nardosmia. in part. Scapose herbs from thick rootstocks. About 12 species, north temperate zone and northward; 4 in U. 8, a. P. Petasites (L.) Karst. (T. Petasites L., P. officinalis Moench, P. vulgaris Vesf.). Europe and northern Asia, adv, in U. 8. Butter-bur, Butterfly Dock, Butter Dock, Kettle Dock, Batter Dock, Flea Dock, Bog Rhubarb, Poison Rhubarb, Pestilence- weed, Pestilencewort, Umbrella-leaf, Cleat, Eldin, Gallon, Ox- wort. Root anthelmintic. Flowers diaphoretic. 1549. PETERIA, Gray. Peteria. Papilionaceae. Shrubs with pinnate leaves. ‘Two species, Mexican border of U.S. 1550. PETIVERIA, L. Guinea-hen weed. Phytolaccaceae. Named for J. Petiver F. R. S., London apothecary, d. 1718. Undershrubs having a garlic-like odor. About 5 species, warm- er regions of America; 1 in U. 8. a P, allidcea L. Southeastern U. 8., West Indies to Brazil. Guinea-hen weed (Jumaica), Strong-man’s weed. Plant acrid, used as a counter-irritant for relief of toothache, ete. 1551. PETRADORIA, Greene. Petradoria. Compositae. Syn. Solidago, in part. Herb. One species, western U. S. 1552. PETROSELINUM, Hoffm. Parsley. Umbelliferae. Ancient Greek plant name, ‘‘rock parsley”, whence the English word parsley. Syn. Carum, Apium, in part. Herbs. About 3 species, Mediterranean region, a. P. Petroselinum (L.) Lyons (A. Petroselinum L., C. Petro- selinum Benth. (Kew), P, sativum Hoffm.). Southern Europe to Asia,Minor, and widely cult. Paisley (Perceley, Persel, Par- sil, Parcel), Apyum, March, Garden or Common Parsley, Rock Parsley; Ger. Petersilie, Petersilge; Fr. Persil; Sp. Peregil. Fruit, Fructus petroselini, Fruct. (Semen) apii hortensis; source of apiol, an efficient emmenagogue. Root diuretic. 1558. PETUNIA, Juss. Petunia. Solanaceae. From petun, a Brazilian name of ‘“‘tobacco’’. Viscid pubes- cent herbs. About 12 species, South America. Twospecies are commonly cult.in gardens, (a) P. axillaris (Lam.) B.S. P. (P. nyctaginiflora Juss. (Kew)], White Petunia, and (b) Pe violacea Lindl., Purple (or often Variegated) Petunia. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 283 1554. PEUCEDANUM, L. Hog-Fennel, etc. Umbelliferae. The Greek name of an Umbelliferous plant. Syn. Atha- manta, Ferula, Oreoselinum, Selinum, Smyrnium, Thysselinum, in part. Perennial herbs, nearly acaulescent, from tuberous roots. About 125 species; 55 in U.S. See Anethum, Impera- toria and Selinum. » . P. ambiguum Nutt, Montanato Washington. Cowish, Tubers used for food by Indians. b. P. officinale L. Europe. Hog-fennel, Sow-fennel, Brimstone- wort, Sulphurwort, Sulphur-root, Sulphur-weed, Horestrang, Horestrong, Hairstrong, Spreusidany{; Ger. Haarstrangkraut, Schwefelwurz. Root and juice diuretic, antispasmodic, expec- torant. a . P. Oreoselinum (L.) Moench (A. Oreoselinum L.,O. legitimum Bieb., O. nigrum Delarb.). Europe. Mountain Parsley, Speedwell, Fluellin; Ger. Bergpetersilie. Seed and root aroma- tic, aperient, deobstruent. a . P. palistre (L.) Michx. (Sel. palustre L.,T. palustre Hoff.) . Europe. Marsh Parsley, Marsh Smallage, Swamp Sow-fennel or Hog-fennel, Swamp Hairstrong; Ger. Sumpfsilge, Elsenich; Fr. Sélin des marais, Persil des marais. Root, Rad, olsnitii, pungent, acrid, formerly used in epilepsy. 1555. PEUCEPHYLLUM, Gray. Peucephyllum. Compositae. From Greek, ‘Five-leaved’’. Syn. Psathyrotes, in part. Balsamic shrub. One species, Arizona to California, PEUMUS, see BOLDU. 1556. PHACA, L. Milk Vetch*. Papilionaceae. Ancieut Greek name of Lentil. Syn. Astragalus (Kew), in part. Perennial herbs with inflated pods. About 250 species, north temperate zone; 3in U.S. (Heller). (a) P. longi- folia (Pursh) Nutt. (A. pictus var. filifolius A. Gray ) is called Bird-egg Pea. 1557. PHACELIA, Juss. Phacelia. Hydrophyllaceae. From Greek, ‘‘fascicle’, descriptive of inflorescence in some species. Syn. Eutoca, in part. Mostly annual herbs. About 100 species, New World; 90 in U.S. 1558. PHALACROSERIS, Gray. Phalacroseris. Cichoriaceae. From Greek, ‘‘bald-headed Endive”, Acaulescent perennial. One species, California. 1559. PHALARIS, L. Canary grass, etc. Gramineae. Greek name of a kind of grass, ‘‘shining’’. Robust grasses. About 10 species; 5 in U.S. a. P. arundinacea L. Europe, Asia and N. America. Reed Canary-grass, Daggers. Variety picta, with variegated leaves, is called Ribbon-grass, Painted-grass, Ladies’-laces, Bride’ s-laces, London-lace. 284 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS b. P. Canariénsis L. Europe and Canary Islands, where it is called Alpist, Canary-grass. Seeds, Bird-seed, much used as food for cage birds. 1560. PHASEOLUS, L. (Phasellus). Bean. Papilionaceae. Ancient Greek name of a kind of Bean. Annual or peren- nial herbs, generally twining. About 70 species, warm and temperate climates; 10 in U. 8. The following are important food plants. (a) P. derdsus Schranck, Brazil, Brazilian Bean; (b) P. Iundtus L., Tropi- cal America, now widely cult., Lima Bean, Carolina Bean, Sugar Bean, Butter Bean; (c) P. Max L. (P. Mungo L. (Kew), P. radicatus L.), South Asia and tropical Australia; Green Gram (highly esteemed in India); (d) Pendnus L. [P. vulgaris L. var. (Kew)], Dwarf Field-bean; varieties are Dwarf Bush, Pea, Navy and Six-weeks Bean; (e) P. vul- garis L., India, early imported into Europe and now widely cult., Kidney-bean, Haricot, French String or Pole Bean; Ger. Gartenbohne; Fr. [aricot; Sp. Frigol. 1561. PHEGOPTERIS, Fée. Beech Fern. Polypodiaceae. The Greek name, signifying ‘‘Beech fern’? Syn. Polypo- dium, in part. Small or medium sized ferns. About 100 spe- cies; 6 in U.S. The.Common Beech Fern is (a) P. Phegop- teris (L.) Underw.(P. polypodioides Fée). (b) P. Dryépteris (L.) Fée (Polypodium Dryopteris L.) is called Oak Fern or Pale Mountain Polypody. 1562. PHELLOPTERUS, Benth.1867. Phellopterus. Umbelliferae. From Greek, ‘‘cork wing’’. Syn. Glehnia, F. Schmidt, 1867. Littoral herb. One species, Corea to Pacific coast U. S. 1563. PHEROTRICHIS, Decne. Pherotrichis. Asclepiadaceae. One species, Mexico extending to U. S. 1564. PHILADELPHUS, L.Syringa, Mock Orange. Saxifragaceae Greek name of a sweet-flowering shrub, in honor of Ptolemy “Philadelphus’. Shrubs with white fragrant flowers. About 15 species, northern hemisphere; 6 in U. 8. (Ger. Pfeifenstrauch; Fr. Séringat). a. P. corondrius L. Europe, cult. and adv. in U. 8. Garden Syringa, Mock Orange, Orange-flower tree. Not more orna- mental than our indigenous species. 1565. PHILIBERTELLA, Vail. Philibertella. Asclepiadaceae. Diminutive from Philibertia. Syn. Philibertia, in part. Shrubby climbers. Six species in U. 8. 1566. PHILOTRIA, Raf. 1418. Water-weed. Vallisneriacene. From Greek, ‘‘three loving’’, the leaves being often in whorls of three. Syn. Elodea, Michx. 1803, not Elodes, Adans. 1763 Udora, Nutt. 1818; Anacharis, in part. Water weeds. Abont 8 species; 1 (or more) in U. 8. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 285 @ P. Canadénsis (Michx.) Brit. (E. Canadensis Michx. A. Cana- densis Planch.). N. America, except extreme north, nat. in Europe. | Water-weed, American Water-weed (England), Ditch-moss, Water Thyme, Thyme-weed, Cat’s-tails, Raave, Babington’s-curse (so called in England, because introduced by a botanist of that name.) 1567. PHILOXERUS, RB. Br. Philoxerus. Amaranthaceac. From Greek, ‘‘drought loving’’. Herbs. About 6 species, mostly South American; 1 in U. 8. 1568. PHLOMIS, L. Jerusalem Sage, etc. Labiatae. The Greek name of ‘‘Mullen’’, from resemblance of foliage. Herbs or shrubs, often with rugose puckered leaves. About 50 species, Old World. (a) P. fruticésa L., southern Europe, is called Jerusalem Sage or Sage-leaf Mullen; (b) P. Herba- yénti L., Mediterranean region, is Wind-herb; (c) P. Lych- nites L., Europe, is Lampwick or Jupiter’ s-distaff. 1569. PHLOX, L. Phlox, Wild Sweet-William. Polemoniaceac. The Greek name of a plant with ‘‘Hame’’ colored flowers. Ornamental herbs, with blue, purple, red or white flowers in terminal cymes. About 40 species, N. America and Russian Asia; 34in U.S. (a) P. bryoides Nutt., Nebraska to Wyom- ing, is called Moss Phlox; (b) P. maculata L., New Jersey to Minnesota and southward, is Wild Sweet-William, a name, however, applied to other species; (c) P. paniculata L., is the common perennial Phlox of gardens; (d) P. speciésa Pursh, is the Pride-of-Columbia; (e) P. subulata L., New York to Michigan and southward, is Ground or Moss Pink, Wild Pink, Flowering Moss. The annual Phlox of gardens is derived from (f) P. Drumméndii Hook. of Texas. 1570. PHOENIX, L. Date Palm. Sabalaceae. The Greek name of (a). Palms with trunks covered with persistent leaf-bases. About 12 species, tropical Asia and Africa. a. P. dactylifera L. (P. excelsior Cav.). North Africa to Persia and widely cult. Date Palm. Unripe fruit astringent. Ripe fruit esculent. (b) P. farinifera Roxb. of Singapore yields sago. (c) P. sylvéstris Roxb. is the Wild Date of India, which yields date sugar (jaggery) and palm wine (toddy ). 1571. PHOLISMA, Nutt. Pholisma. Lennoaceae. A leafless, succulent parasitic herb. One species, California. 1572. PHORADENDRON, Nutt. Mistletoe. Loranthacene. From Greek, ‘thief tree’. Syn. Viscum, in part. Leafy parasitic shrubs. About 80 species, New World; 4 in U. S. a. P. flayéscens (Pursh) Nutt. (V. flavescens Pursh.). New Jersey to Missouri and southward. American Mistletoe, Golden- bough. Plant ecbolic, antispasmodic, cardiac tonic. See Vis- cum. 1573. PHORMIUM, Forst. Flax Lily. Liliaceae. Greek word for a ‘‘little basket’. A shrubby plant. One or more species, New Zealand and Norfolk Islands. 286 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS a. P. ténax Forst. New Zealand and neighboring islands. Flax Lily, New Zealand Flax, New Zealand Hemp; Ger. Flachslilie; Fr. Lin (Chanvre) de la Nouvelle Zélande. Leaves yield @ very strong fibre. Root and leaf-bases vulnerary. 1574, PHRYMA, L. Lopseed. Phrymaceae. An erect perennial shrub. One species, Canada and eastern 1575. PHYLLANTHUS, L. Phyllanthus. Euphorbiaceae. From Greek, ‘leaf flower”. Syn. Cicca, Emblica, in part. Herbs, shrubs or trees. About 450 species, warmer regions of both hemispheres; 4 in U. 8. a. P. distichus (L.) J. Muell. (C. disticha L.). India. Tahiti Gooseberry, Star Gooseberry. Fruit esculent. Leaves diaphore- tic. Root violently emetic. b. P. Emblica L. (E. officinalis Gaertn., C. Emblica Kurz). India. Unripe fruit, Emblic Myrobalans, White Galls; Myro- balani emblice; Ger. Graue Myrobalanen; astringent. See Terminalia. ce. P. Niuri L. and (d) P. Urindria L., of India, are efficient diuretics. 1576. PHYLLODOCE, Salisb. Mountain Heath. Ericaceae. The name of a sea nymph. Syn. Andromeda, Menziesia, Bryanthus (Kew), in part. Low shrubs. Three species, arc- tic and alpine regions of northern hemisphere; 1 in U. 8. 1577. PHYLLOSPADIX, Hook. Phyllospadix. Naidaceae. Water weeds. Two species, Pacific coast, U. S. 1578. PHYSALIS, L. Ground Cherry. Solanaceae. Ancient Greek name of (a), ‘‘bladdery” Syn. Alkekengi, Tourn. Herbs with fruit enclosed in inflated calyx. About 50 species, mostly American; 34 in U. 8. a. P. Alkekéngi L. (A. officinarum Moench). Mediterranean region eastward to Japan. Strawberry Tomato, Winter Cherry, Alkekengi, Bladder-herb. Fruit, Fructus v. Bacce alkeken- gi, Bacce halicacabi; Ger. Judenkirschen, Blasenkirschen, Schlutten; Fr. Alkékenge coqueret (Codex); diuretic, refrig- erant. b. P. Peruvidna L. (A. pubescens Moench). South America, cult. in all sub-tropical countries. Cape Gooseberry, Peruvian Ground Cherry, Peruvian Strawberry Tomato, Husk Tomato, Poha or Paina of Hawaiian Islands. Frrutt esculent, as also in (c) P. ixocdrpa Brot. (P. aequata Jacq.) of Mexico, Toma- tillo, Mexican Ground Cherry or Strawberry Tomato; (d) P. Philadélphica Lam., eastern U. 8., Philadelphia Ground Cherry; (e) P. pubéscens L., not Dunal, southern U.S. to California and 8. America (also in India), Dwart Cape Goose- berry, Low Hairy Ground Cherry?, Dwarf Strawberry Tomato: (f) P. viseésa L. 1753, not Pursh (P. Pennsylvanica L. 1763, not A. Gray), southeastern U. S. to 8S. America, Stellate Ground Cherry?, Yellow Henbane. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 287 1579. PHYSALODES, Boehm. Apple of Peru. Solanaceae. From Greek, ‘‘resembling Physalis’?. Syn. Nicandra, Adans. 1763; Atropa, in part. Robust herb with nodding blue flowers. One species, (a) P. physalédes (L.) Brit. (A. physalodes L., N. physaloides Gaert., P. Peruvianum Kze.). Peru, cult. and adv. in U.S. Apple of Peru, Peruvian Bluebell. 1580. PHYSARIA, A. Gray. Bladder-pod. Cruciferae. From Greek, “bladdery’’, alluding to the inflated fruit. Perennial herbs with yellow flowers. About 4 species, all of western U. S. 1581. PHYSOSTEGIA, Benth. Lion’s-heart, etc. Labiatae. From Greek, ‘‘bladder covering’, alluding to inflated fruit- ing calyx. Syn. Dracocephalum, Prasium, in part. Perennial herbs with racemes of showy fowers. About 5 species, N. America; 4 in U. 8S. a. P. Virginiina (L.) Benth. (D. Virginianum L., D. speciosum Sweet). Canada and Eastern U. S. False Dragon-head, Obedient-plant, Lion’ s-heart. 1582. PHYSOSTIGMA, Balfour. Calabar Bean. Papilionaceae. From Greek, ‘‘bladderstigma’’ Woody climbers. Two spe- cies, tropical Africa. a. P. venendsum Balf. Western Africa. Calabar Bean, Ordeal Bean, Chop-nut; Ger. Calabarbohne, Ordealbohne; Fr. Féve de Calabar. Seed, Physostigma. U.S. P., Physostigmatis Semen Br., Faba calabarica, a powerful poison, antagonizing atropine, anti-spasmodic, sedative. 1583. PHYSURUS, Rich. Physurus. Orchidaceae. Terrestrial Orchids. About 40 species, warmer regions es- pecially of New World; 1 in U. S. 1584. PHYTELEFHAS, Ruiz. & Pav. Ivory Palm. Sabalaceae. From Greek, “ivory plant’. Low palms with ample pinnate leaves. About 5 species, 8S. America. a. P. macrocirpa R. & P. Eastern slopeof Andes. Ivory Palm. Seeds of this and of some other species constitute vegetable ivory, from which buttons, etc. are made. The fruit is called Negro- head, the seeds, Ivory-nuts, Corozo- or Taqua-nuts. 1585. PHYTOLACCA, L. Poke-berry. Phytolaccaceae. From Greek and French, ‘‘Lacca plant’, alluding to the crimson juice of the fruit. Perennial herbs or shrubs. About 10 species, mostly tropical; 1 in U. 8. a. P. diofen L. Southern Europe to India. (A shade tree). Tree Poke, Bellasombra tree, Umbra tree. b. P. deedndra L. Ontario and eastern U. 8., west to Minnesota. Poke, Pocan, Scoke, Coakum, Garget, Pigeon-berry, Poke- weed, Virginian Poke, American Nightshade, Red-ink plant, Redweed, Cancer Jalap, Foxglove*; Ger. Kermesbeere, Schar- lachbeere, Fr. Agouman, Morelle & grappes; Sp. Mazorquilla, 288 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS Namoll, Jabonera. Root, Phytolaccae Radix, U. 8. P., Poke root. Fruit; Phytolaccae Fructus, U. S. P., Baccae solani racemosi; Fr. Raisin d’ Amerique; alterative, emetic, discutient- Young shoots used like asparagus. ce. P. octandra L. (?) Mexico and West Indies. West Indian Foxglove, Calulu. Fruit in Mexico a substitute for soap. 1586. PIAROPUS, Raf. 1836. Water Hyacinth. Pontederiaceae. From Greek, ‘“fat foot”. Syn. Eichhornia (Kew), Kunth. 1843, Eichornia A. Rich.; Pontederia, in part. Aquatic herbs. One or two species; 1 in U. 8. a. P. erdssipes (Mart.) Raf. (Pont. crassipes Mart., E. speciosa Kunth (Kew), E. crassipes Solms., Pont. azurea Hook.). Tropical America, nat. in Florida, where it impedes navigation of rivers. Water Hyacinth, Pitcher-plant*. 1587. PICEA, Link. Spruce. Pinaceae. Latin name ofa conifer. Syn. Pinus, Abies, in part. Ever- green conical trees with pendulous cones. About 15 species, north temperate zone and northward; 8 in U. S. a. P. Canadénsis (Mill.) B. S. P. (A. Canadensis Mill., Pinus alba Ait.,A. alba Michx., not Mill., Picea alba Link). British America, south to New York, Michigan and Montana. White Spruce, Cat Pine, Cat Spruce, Pine Spruce, Sirgle or Skunk Spruce, Black Spruce’. : b. P. Mariana (Mill.) B.S. P. (A. Mariana Mill., Pinus nigra Ait., A. nigra Desf., Picea nigra Link). Black Spruce, Spruce Pine, Blue or Double Spruce, White Spruce*, Spruce-gum tree, He-Balsam*, Juniper*. Resinous exudate, Spruce gum, mas- ticatory. Other indigenous species are (c) P. Breweridna S. Wats., the highly ornamental Weeping Spruce of Oregon; (d) P. pungens Engelm. (P. Parryana Sarg.), Blue or Colorado Spruce; (e) P. ritbra (Lamb.) Link (P. rubens Sarg. ), Red Spruce of Canada and northeastern U. 8. and (f) P. Sit- chénsis (Bong.) T. & M., Sitka or Tideland Spruce; the lar- gest of the Spruces. 1588. PICKERINGIA, Nutt. Pickeringia. -Papilionaceae. Spiny shrub. One species, California. 1589. PICRADENIA, Hook. 1833. Picradenia. Compositae. From Greek, “‘bitter gland” Syn. Actinella (Kew), Nutt. 1818, not Pers. 1807; Hymenoxys, Cephalophora, in part. Bitter aromatic herbs with yellow flowers. About 20 species, N. America; 16in U. 8., mostly in southwest. a. P. odorata (DC.) Brit. (H. odorata DC.,A. odorata A. Gray. ). Kansas to southern California and Mexico. Limonilla, Fra- grant Picradenia. y 1590. PICRASMA, Blume 1815. — Quassia. Simarubaceae. Syn. Aeschrion, Vell. 1827, Picrena, Lindl. 1838; Quassia Simaruba, in part. Trees. About 8 species, warmer regions, Old and New World. See Quassia and Simaruba. 3 SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR, 289 a P. excélsa (Swz.) Planch. (Q. excelsa Swz., Q. polygama Linds., Picrena excelsa Lindl. (Kew), S. excelsa DC.). West Indies. (Quassia, Bitter Ash, Bitterwood tree, Lofty QuassiaZ. Wood, Quassia wood, Jamaica Bitterwood; Quassia, U.S. P., Quassiw lignum, Br., Lignum muscarum v. muscici- dum; Ger. Jamaika-Quassia; Jamaikanische Quassienholz, Fliegenholz; Fr. Quassie de la Jamaiyue; Bitter tonic, insecti- cide. (b) P. quassioides (Ham.) Benn. of northern India has the same properties. PICRAMNIA, see TARIRI. 1591, PICRIS, L. Picris, Oxtongue. Compositae. From Greek, ‘‘bitter’’. Syn. Helmintha, in part. Herbs with rather large heads of yellow flowers. About 35 species, Old World; 4 nat. in U.S. (a) P. echioides L., Europe, adv. in U. §., is called Bristly Oxtongue, Bugloss*, Bugloss Picris; (b) P. hieracivides L:, Europe, nat. in U. S., is Hawkweed Picris, Langdebeef{; Ger. Bitterkraut; Fr. Picride, Langue de boeuf. Plant very bitter. 1592. PIERIS, D. Don. Fetter-bush, etc. Ericaceae. Dedicated to the Muse, Pieris. Syn. Andromeda, Portuna, in part. Shrubs or small trees. About 12 species, northern hemisphere; 4 in U. 8. a. P. Mariana (L.) Benth. & Hook. (A. Mariana L.). Rhode Island to Florida. Stagger-bush, Wicke, Sorrel tree*. Plant poisonous to animals. (b) P. nitida (Bartr.) B. & H. (A. nitida Bartr. ) of southeastern U. 8. and Cuba is called Fetter- bush and Pipe-stem. 1593. _PILOCARPUS, Vahl. Jaborandi. Rutaceae. From Greek, ‘‘cap fruit’. Shrubs with pellucid-dotted leaves. About 12 species, warmer regions of New World. a. P. Jaborandi Holmes. Brazil. Jaborandi, Pernambuco Jaborandi. Leaflets; Pilocarpus, U. S. P., Jaborandi Folia, br., Folia Jaborandi P. G., Jaborandi (Codex). [U.S. P. recognises also (b), Codex, (b) ‘‘and allied species’’]. Sialago- gue, mydriatic; more rich than the other species in pilocarpine. Other species also gathered as jaborandi are (b) P. pennati- folius Lam., (P. Selloanus Eng.), Rio Janeiro Jaborandi; (c) P. microphyllus Stapf.; (d) P. spicatus St. Hil; (e) P. Frochvlonus Holmes, commercial jaborandi being a mixture of two or more of these. Leaves of the worthless Swartzia decipiens Holmes are said to be now often substituted for (¢). 1594. PIMENTA, Lind]. Allspice, Bay tree, etc. Myrtaceae. From the Spanish name. Syn. Pimentus; Amomis, Eugenia, Myrcia, Myrtus, in part. Aromatic trees. About 5 species, tropical America. a. P. deris (Swz.) Wight (Mvyrtus acris Swz., Myrcia acris, DC., E. acris W. & Arn., P. citrifolia Kostel., A. acris, Berg. ). West Indies and Venezuela. Wild Clove, Bayberry, Jamaica Bayberry, Black or Wild Cinnamon. Lecves, source of oil of 290 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS Bay, Oleum Myrciae{U. 8. P., Oil of Myrcia;Ger. Myrciendl Baydl; Fr. Essence de Myrcie Genuine Bay rum is distilled from the leaves. b. P. Piménta (L.) Lyons (Myrtus Pimenta L., P. Pimento Griseb., P. officinalis Lind]. (Kew), E. Pimenta DC., P. vul- garis W. & A.). West Indies and tropical America, cult. elsewhere in tropical countries. Allspice tree, Jamaica Pepper. The nearly ripe fruit Allspice, Pimento; Pimenta, U.S. P., Br., Semen v. Fructus amomi, Piper jamaicense; Ger. Nelken- pfeffer, Englisches Gewiirz, Neugewtirz; Fr. Piment de la Jamaique, Toute-épice; Sp. Pimienta gorda, Malaguecta; aromatic, stimulant, condiment; source of oil of Pimenta. 1595. PIMPINELLA, L. Pimpernel, etc. _Umbelliferae. The Latin name of (b). Syn. Anisum, Sium, in part. Perennial herbs. About 75 species, northern hemisphere and S. Africa; 2 in U. 8. a. P. Anisum L. (A. vulgare Moench). Southern Europe to the Levant, also cult. Anise plant, Common Anise (Aneys, Anny, Aunyle),Sweet Cumin. Fruit, Anise, Aniseed: snisum U.S.P. Anisi Fructus, Br., Fructus y. Semen anisi vulgaris; Ger. Anis, Anissamen; Fr. Anis, Anis vert (Codex); carminative, stomach- ic; source of oil of Anise. b. P. Saxifraga L. Europe, adv. in U. 8. Pimpernel (Pimpi- nel), Bennet, Burnet Sax'frage, Small Burnet Saxifrage, Small Saxifrage, Small Pimpernel, Break-stone, Old-man’'s-plaything; Ger. Pimpernell, Bibernell; Fr. Grand Bocage. Root, Radix Pimpinelle, P. G., aromatic, pungent, nauseant. c. P. Sistrum (L.) Benth. (S. Sisarum L., perhaps also 8. Ninsi L Corea. Skirret, Seli-heal*, Ninsin. Root a culinary vegetable (celery-like), also a substitute for ginseng. 1596. PINAROPAPPUS, Less. Pinaropappus. Cichoriaceae. From Greek, ‘dirty pappus’’. Syn. Troximonj, in part. Perennial herb. One species, Texas to Mexico. 1597. PINCKNEYA, Richard. __ Fever-tree. Rubiaceae. Named for Gen. C. C. Pinckney, 8. Carolina statesman. Syn. Cinchona, in part. Tree. One species, U. 8. ‘a. P. pttbens Michx. (P. pubescens Lam., C. Caroliniana Poir. ). §. Carolina to Florida. Fever-tree. Bark, Georgia bark, Carolina bark, Florida bark, Pinckney bark, Bitter bark; tonic, febrifuge. 1598. PINELLIA, Tenore. Pinellia. Araceae. Herbs. About + species, western Asia. (a) P. tuberifera Ten. Japan. Han-ge. Herd has properties of colchicum. 1599. PINGUICULA, L, Butterwort. Lentibulaceae. Latin dim. from pinguis “‘fav’, the leaves unctious to the touch. Scapose herbs. About 30 species, cooler regions of both hemispheres; 6 in U. 8. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 291 a. P. yulgairis L. Northern Europe, Asia and N. America, south to New York and Minnesota. Butterwort, Bog Violet, Marsh Violet, Earning-grass (i. e. Curdling-grass), Bean-weed, Rot- grass, Sheep-rot, Sheep-weed, Sheep-root, Steep-grass, York- shire Sanicle. 1600. PINITES, Goep. Pinites. Pinaceae. A genus of extinct plants known only by their fossil remains. (a) P. suceinifer Goeppert (Pitoxylum succiniferum Kraus). The principal source of the Baltic Amber, a fossil resin; Suc- cinum, Ambra flava; Ger. Bernstein, Agstein; Fr. Succin, Ambre jaune. 1601. PINUS, L. - Pine - Pinaceae. The Latin name, of Celtic origin. Evergreen trees with needle-like leaves. About 70 species, northern hemisphere; 39 m U.S. a. P. Cémbra L. European Alps and northern Asia. Siberian Stone-pine, Swise Stone-pine, Siberian Cedar. Seeds, Cembra nuts, Pine nuts, Zibel nuts; edible and rich in oil. Hxudate is Riga balsam or Carpathian balsam. The Stone Pine of south- ern Europe, (b) P. Pinea L., yields also edible nuts, Pine nuts; Fr. Pignons, Ital. Pinocchi. American species yielding edible seeds are (c) P. édulis Engelm., Texas to Arizona, New Mexico Pinyon (Sp. pifion); (d) P. cembroides Zucc., Arizona to Mexico, Stone-seed Pinyon; (e) P. monophylla Torr. & Frem., Nevada Nut- pine, Soft-shelled Pinyon; (f) P. Parrydna Engelm., south- ern and lower California, and (g) P. Sabinidina Dougl., Gray- leaf Pine, Digger Pine, Nut Pine, the last formerly supplying the chief food of some of the aborigines. h. P. Lambertiina Dougl. Mountains of California and north- ward. Great Sugar-pine, Sugar Pine, (siant Pine, Shake Pine. The king of Pines, only surpassed in size by the giant Sequoia. Tree yields a saccharine exudate. i. P. palustris Mill. (P. australis Michx.). Virginia to Florida and Texas. Long-leaved Pine, Georgia Pine, Southern or Swamp Pine, Broom Pine, Fat Pine, Florida or Virginia Pine, Georgia or Texas Yellow Pine, Southern or Yellow Pitch-pine, Southern Hard Pine, Long-straw Pine, Turpentine Pine, Yel- low Pine, White-rosin tree. Resinons exudate is White Turpen- tine, Turpentine gum or American Thus, from which is obtain- ed oil of turpentine and resin (Kesina, U. 8. P., Rosin, Colo- phony). ‘Timber hard, compact and durable. j. P, Pindster Solander (P. maritima Poir.). Southern Europe. Cluster Pine, Pinaster. Source of most of the French turpen- tine. The crude product, Bordeaux turpentine, is known in commerce as gallipot. From (k) P. Halepénsis Mill. (P. maritima Lamb. ), the Aleppo Pine, is obtained in Provence the Aleppo turpentine. From the resinous (1) P. Laricio Poir. of southern Europe, the Corsican Pine, is obtained the Austrian turpentine. From (m) P. Pumilio Haenke of central Europe is obtained Hungarian turpentine, Balsamum hungaricum, also a volatile oil called Oleum templinum; Ger. Krummholzél, Latschenil. 292 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS u. P, ponderésa Dougl. British Columbia and Montana, south to ‘l'exas and Mexico. Western Yellow Pine, Western Pitch Pine, Bull Pine, Gambier Parry’s Pine, Long-leaved Pine (of the West), Red Pine (western), Trucker Pine. Timber light, strong and very durable. o. P. resinésa Ait. Canada and northeastern U.S. Canadian Pine, Red Pine (eastern), Norway Pine*. p. P. rigida Mill. Canada to Georgia and Kentucky. Pitch Pine, Torch Pine, Sap Pine, Candlewood or Lightwood Pine, Hard or Yellow Pine, Black Norway Pine. Largely used for manufacture of tar. q. P. Strébus L. Canada, south to Georgia and Towa. White Pine, American White Pine, American Deal Pine, Soft Deal Pine, Northern Pine, Spruce Pine, Weymouth Pine. Timber light, strong, easily worked and durable. r. P. sylvéstris L. Europe and northern Asia. Scotch Pine, Red Pine (European), Baltic or Norway Pine, Riga Vine, Scotch Fir, Foehre, Vippe, European or Red Deal. An im- portant timber tree. Resinous exudate, Common Turpentine (of Europe), in England known as Common Frankincense; source of the Russian and German oil of turpentine. Leaves yield oil of Pinus Sylvestris, of agreeable fragrance. s. P. Taéda L. Delaware to Florida, west to Texas and Arkansas. Loblolly Pine, Old-field Pine, Frankincense Pine, called also Longshucks and Bastard, Foxtail, Indian, Longstraw, Prairie, Rosemary, Sap, Slash, Swamp, Torch and Virginia Pine. Largely used for manufacture of tar. Resinous exudate Amer- ican Thus. t. P. Teocdtl Ch. &Schlecht. Mexico. Ocote Pine, Torch Pine; Source of Mexican Turpentine, Brea turpentine. 1602, PIPER, L. - Pepper. Piperaceac. The Latin name. Syn. Artanthe, Ottonia, Serronia, Steffen- sia. Mostly shrubby climbers, a few trees or tall herbs. About 650 species, tropical regions. See Chaviea, Cubeba and Methysticum. a. P. angustifélium R. & P. (A. elongata Miq., P. elongatum Vahl., Stef. elongata Kunth.). Mexico to Brazil and Peru. Matico. Leaves, Matico. U. 8. P., Maticae folia; Ger. Matico- bliitter; Fr. Matico (Codex); Sp. Yerba (Palo) de soldado; astringent, terebinthinate, stimulant. t b. P. Carpinya R. & Pav. Chili and Peru. Leaves aromatic, stomachic. (c) P. Jaborandi Vell. (Ser. Jaborandi Guill., O. Jaborandi Kunth). Brazil. Jaborandi (See Pilocarpus) according to Peckolt the truc Jaborandi of Brazil, Yaguarundi (Paraguay). Root pungent, sialagogue. The following spe- cies are also known locally in Brazil as Jaborandi; (d) P, reticuldtum L.; (e). P. unguicnlatum R. & P. (P. nodosum Link.) and probably (f) P. citrifélium Lam. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 298 g. P. nigrum L. India, cult. in many tropical countries. Black Pepper plant. Unripe fruit, Black Pepper, Common Pepper; Piper, U.S. P., Piper Nigrum, Br.; Ger. Schwarzer Pfeffer; Fr. Poivre noir (Co ex); Sp. Pimienta negra. White Pepper, Piper album, is the fruit deprived of epicarp and sarcocarp. Antiperiodic, counter-irritant, chiefly used as a stomachic stimu- lant and condiment; source of piperine. h. P. Novae-Hollindae Mig. Australia. Australian Pepper. Fruit a powerful stimulant of the mucous membrane. i. P. peltitum L. and (j) P. umbellitum L. Tropical America. Both plants called Canpeba and Periparabo, in the West Indies Lizard’s-tail and Ass'-foot. Rhizomes diuretic. Leaves discu- tient. 1608. PIRIQUETA, Aubl. Piriqueta. Turneracene. Syn. Turnera, in part. Ierbs or shrubs, About 20 species, mostly of S. America, a few in Africa; 1 in U.S. 1604. PISONIA, L. Cock-spur, ete. Nyctaginaceae. Named for Dr. William Piso, traveler in Brazil, 17th Century. Trees or shrubs with corky wood. About 60 species, mainly of tropical America and Pacific Islands; 3 in U. 8. a. P. aculedta L. Tropical America to southern Florida. Cock- spur, Fingrigo, used for hedges. b. P. obtusita Jacq. Tropical America to southern Florida. Beef-wood, Corkwood*, Loblolly tree. 1605. PISTACIA, L. Pistachio, Turpentine tree. Anacardiaceac. From the ancient Greek name. ‘Trees. About 8 species, north temperate zone. a, P. Lentiseus L. Mediterranenn basin. Mastic tree, Balsam tree, Lentisk, Lentiscus. Resinous exudate, Mastic (Mastich), Scio Mastic; Mastiche, U.S. P., Br., Mastix, Resina mastiche; Ger. Mastix; I'r. Mastic; masticatory (hence the name), used for map-varnish, ete. The Algerine or Barbary Mastic is de- rived from (b) P. Athintien Desf., Bombay Mastic from (¢) P. mitica F. & M. (PR. Cabulica Stokes) and (d) P. Khinjuk Stocks, northeastern India to Persia and Egy pt. e. P. Terebinthus L. (P. terebinthina St. Lag.). Mediterranean basin and eastward. ‘Turpentine tree. Resinous exudate, Chian Turpentine, Cyprian or Scio Turpentine, Alk, AIk gum, Terebinthina chia v. cypria. I[xs been recommended in can- cer. f{ P. véra L. (P. terebinthus Mill, not L.). Southern Europe to Persin. Pistachio-nut tree. Seeds, Pistachio-nut, Bladder-nut; Ger. Pimpernilsse, Pistacien; esculent. 1606. PISTIA, L. - — Water-Lettuce. Araceae. From Greek, liquid, alluding to habitat. A floating water lant. One species, widely distributed in tropical regions (t. S.). (a) P. stratiétes L. (with numerous synonyms), Jost Indian Water-lettuce, Tropical Duckmeat or Duckweed. 294 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS 1607. PISUM, L. Pea. Papilionaceae. The classical name. Herbs climbing by tendrils. Two spe cies, natives of Asia. a. P. sativum L. Mediterranean region, now universally cult. Garden Pea, Common Pea, Field Pea. Varieties are Sugar Pea, String Pea, etc. Sceeds esculent. 1608. PITHECOLOBIUM, Mart. 1837. Mimosaceae. From Greek, ‘‘ape’s ear’, from fancied resemblance of pods. Syn, Zygia, P. Br. 1756; Inga, Mimosa, in part. Trees with white flowers in globose heads. More than 100 species, tropi- cal America and Asia; + in U. =. a P. diilee Benth. Mexico, nat. in India, ete. | Guamuchil, Ma- nila Tamarind (India). eds surrounded by an edible sweet pulp. b. P. Saman Benth. Brazil and Venezuela. Samang (Saman, Zamang), Genisaro, Rain tree. Saechurine pods fed to stock. (c) P. brevifolium Benth., Texas to Mexico, is called Huajillo; (d) P. flexicatile Coult., Texas to California and Mexico, is called localy Ebony; (e) P. Unguis-eati (L.) Benth. (M. Unguis-cati L., M. rosea Vahl.), Cat's-claw. 1609. PLAGIOBOTHRYS. Fisch. & Mey. Boraginaceae. From Greek, ‘‘oblique pit’ Syn. Eritrichium, Echidio- carya, Myosotis, in part. Annual herbs. About 15 species, western N. America; 13 in U.S. 1610. PLANERA, J. F. Gmel. Planer tree. Ulmaceae. Named for Prof. J. J. Planer of Erfurt, d. 1789. An Elm- like tree. One species, southeastern U. 8. Syn. Water Elm. 1611. PLANTAGO, L. Plantain. Plantaginaceae. The Latin name. Herbs, mostly acaulescent, a few shrubby. Over 200 species; 20 in U. 8. a. P. Cordnopus, Lam. Europe. Hartshorn Plantain, Buck's horn Plantain, Buck Plantain, Herb Ivy, Star-of-the-earth. b. P. lanceolata L. Europe and Asia. nat. in U. S. and widely elsewhere. Rib-grass, Ripple-grass, Ribwort, English Plantair. Snake Plantain, Black-jacks, Chimney-sweep, Clock, Cocks, Dog’s-rib, Headsman, Hen-plant, Jack-straws, Kemp, Kemp- seed, Leechwort, Long Plantain, Ram’'s-tongue, Rat-tail, Way- bread, Windles; Ger. Spitzer Wegerich o. Wegetritt, Fr. Plantain [Codex, the name including also (c) and (d)J: Sp. Lauten. Herb, Herba plantaginis, haemostatic, vulnerary. Seeds mucilaginous. > c P. major L. Europe and Asia, nat. in U.S. where it is said to have been known to the Indians as ‘*White-man’s-foot” Common Plantain, Plantain, Bird-seed Plantain, Round-leav- ed or Greater Plantain, Broad-leaf, Doc r-yard Plantain, Hen- plant, Healing-blade, Kemp*, Lamb’s-foot, Way-bread; Ger, Grosser Wegerich, Sauohr. Properties and uses of (b). SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 295 a. P. média L. Europe, adv. in U. S., Hoary Plantain, Lamb’ s- tongue, Lamb’s-lettuce, Fire-leaves, Fire-weed (England), Healing-herb, etc.; Ger. Mittler Wegerich. Properties and uses of (b). e. P. ovata Forsk, (P. decumbens Forsk.). Northern Africa. The P. Ispaghtila Roxb. cult. in India, is believed to be a variety of this species. Seeds (of the variety), Spogel-seed, Ispaghul, Aspaghul seed; mucilaginous, demulcent. f. P. Psillium L. Mediterranean basin. Fleawort, Flea-seed or Branching Plantain. Seeds, Flea-seed; Ger. Flohsamen; I’r. Graines de puces; mucilaginous, demulcent. 1612. PLATANUS, L. Plane-tree. Platanaceae. Latin from the ancient Greek name. Large trees with palmately lobed leaves and exfoliating bark. About 7 species, north temperate zone; 3 in U. 8. a. P. occidentalis L. Ontario to Florida, west to Texas and Minnesota. ‘The largest tree of eastern America. Buttonwood tree, Button-ball, Sycamore*, False Sycamore, American Plane- tree, Water Beecht. ‘The Californian Plane-tree is (b) P. racemésa Nutt. The Plane-tree of Europe and Asia is (c) P. orientalis L., called also Chinar Tree. 1618. PLATYSPERMUM, Hook. (not Hoftm.) Cruciferae. From Greek, ‘‘flat seed’. Low annual herb. One species, Pacific coast ot U. 8. 1614. PLATYSTEMON, Benth. 1834. Cream-cups. Papaveraceae. From Greek, ‘‘flat stamen’’. Syn. Boothia, Dougl. 183+. Annual herb. One species, California. 1615. PLECTRITES, DC.. _ Plectrites. Yalerianaceac. Syn. Valerianella, in part. Ierbs. About 8 species, west- ern U.S. 1616. PLEEA, Michs. Pleen. Liliaceae. Herb. A single species, southern U. 8. 1617. PLEURICOSPORA, Gray. Monotropaceae. A small scaly herb. One species, California. 1618. PLEUROGYNIA, Eschol. (Pleurogyne.) Gentianaceae. From Greek, ‘‘rib stigma”. Syn. Swertia, in part. An- nuals with rather large blue flowers. About 7 species, higher north latitudes, 2 in o. 8. 1619. PLUCHEA, Cass. Marsh Fleabane. —_ Compositae. Named for the Abbé N. A. Pluche of Paris, 18th Century. Syn. Baccharis, Erigeron, in part. Herbs, some shrubby, with small flower-heads. About 30 species, widely distributed; 6 in U. 8. a. P. camphorita (L.) DC. (E. camphoratum L.). Atlantic and Gulf coast of U. 8, also in West Indies. Spicy Fleabane, Salt-marsh Fleabane, Plowman's-wort, Camphor plant. (b) P. odorata Cass., West Indies, is called Riverside Tobacco. 296 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS 1620. PLUMBAGO, L. Leadwort. Plumbaginaceae. Perennial herbs or shrubby climbers. About 15 species, northern hemisphere, 1 in U. 8. a. P. Europaéa L. Europe. Common Leadwort, Toothwort, Dentellaria; Ger. Bleiwurz. Juice epispastic, emetic. (b) P. résea L., India, and (c) P. scdndens L.,San Domingo, called Herbe au diable, have the same properties. 1621. PLUMERIA, L. (Plumieria, Plumiera). Apocynaceae. Named for M. Plumier, French traveler and botanist. d. 1706. Ornamental shrubs, about 45 species, tropical America. a. P. rubra L. Tropical America. Jasmine tree, Red Jasmine, Frangipane, Frangipanni, Nosegay-tree, Red Nosegay-tree, Snake-wood*. (b) P. acutifélia Poir is called in India Pa- goda tree, in Burmah Kambodja; (c) P. alba L. in West In- dies is called Pagoda-tree, White Nosegay-tree. 1622. PLUMMERA, Gray. Plummera. Compositae. Named for its discoverer Miss Plummer (Mrs. J. G. Lem- mon). Strong-scented robust herb with yellow flowers. One species, Arizona. 1623. PNEUMARIA, Hill. Sea Lungwort. Boraginaceae. From Greek, ‘ungwort”. Syn. Mertensia (Kew), Pul- monaria, Steenhammera, in part. A fleshy perennial herb, one species, north temperate zone (U. 8.). a. P. maritima (L.) Hill. Pulm. maritima L., M. maritima S. F. Gray (Kew), S. maritima Reichb.). Coasts of Europe, Asia and N. America. Sea Lungwort, Sea Bugloss, Oyster- plant*. . 1624. PODISTERA, Wats. Podistera. Umbelliferae. Herb. One species, Nevada. 1625. PODOPHYLLUM, L. Mandrake, etc. Berberidaceae. From Greek, ‘‘foot leaf’?. Herbs from perennial rootstocks. About 4 species, N. America and Asia; 1 in U. S. a. P. peltdtum L. Ontario to Florida, west to Texas and Minne- sota. May Apple, Wild Mandrake, American Mandrake, Mandrake, Wild Lemon, Ground Lemon, Hog Apple, Devil’s Apple, Indian Apple, Raccoon-berry, Duck’s-foot, Umbrella- plant, Vegetable Calomel. Rhizome, Mandrake-root; Podo- phyllum, U.S. P., Podophylli Rhizoma Br.; Ger. Fussblatt- wurzel; Fr. Rhizome de podophyllum (Codex); cathartic, laxative, cholagogue. Active constituent, podophyllotoxin. Fruit edible. (b) P. Emodi Wallish of southern Asia has similar properties. 1626. PODOSTEMMA, Greene. Podostemma. Aselepiadaceae. From Greek, ‘‘foot garland’. Syn. Asclepias, in part. Herbs. Five species in U. S. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 297 1627. PODOSTEMON, Michx. River-weed. Podostemaceae. From Greek, ‘foot stamen’’, the ovary being borne on a slender stalk. Aquatic or paludal plants. About 20 species, one in eastern U. S., viz. (a) P. Ceratophyllum Michx., River-weed, Thread-foot. 1628. PODOSTIGMA, Ell. 1817. Podostigma. Asclepiadaceae. From Greek, ‘‘stalked stigma”. Syn. Stylandra, Nutt. 1818. Perennial herb. One species, southeastern U. S. 1629. POGOGYNE, Benth. Pogogyne. Labiatae. From Greek, ‘‘beard pistil’’. Aromaticlow annuals. Five species, all of California. 1630. POGONIA, Juss. Snake-mouth, etc. — Orchidaceae. From Greek, “bearded’’. Syn. Arethusa, in part. Ter- restrial orchids. About 30 species; 5 in U. 8. a. P. ophioglossoides (L.) Ker. Eastern U.S. to Canada. Rose Pogonia, Adder’s Pogonia, Snake-mouth, Adder’s-mouth Po- goniaor Orchis. (b) P.trianthéphora (Sw. ) B.S.P. (P. pen- dula Lindl.). Eastern U.S. Nodding Pogonia, Three-birds. ce. P. verticillata ( Willd.) Nutt. Eastern U. S. and Ontario. Whorled Pogonia, Whorled Snake-mouth. 1631. POGOSTEMON, Desf. Patchouli, etc. Labiatae. From Greek, ‘‘bearded stamen’’. Herbs, some shrubby. About 35 species, East Indies to Japan. a. P. Heyneanus Benth. (P. Patchouly Pelletier, P. suavis Ten- ore). East Indies. Patchouli plant. Patchouli Balm. Vola- tile oil distilled from the plant is Patchouli (Patchouly) or Putcha-pat, much used in perfumery, 1632. POINCIANA, L. (Poincea, Neck. ). Caesalpinaceae. Highly ornamental trees About 6 species, tropical regions, (a) P. régia Boj. Madagascar, planted for ornament in all tropical countries. Royal Poinciana. 1633. POLANISIA, Raf. Clammy-weed. Capparidaceae. From Greek, ‘‘very unequal’’, referring to the stamens. Syn. Cleome, Jacksonia, in part. Strongly scented herbs. About 15 species, temperate and tropical regions; 4 in U. 8. a. P. gravéolens Raf. (C. graveolens Raf. (Kew.), not L., C. dodecandra Michx.). British America, south to New York, Kansas and Colorado. Clammy-weed, Worm-weed, False Mustard. Plant acrid, counter-irritant, vermifuge. 1634. POLEMONIUM, L. Greek Valerian, etc. Polemoniaceae. Latin name of Valerian, of Greek origin. Herbs, mostly perennial. About 20 species, north temperate zone; 16 in U.S., mostly western. a. P. caertleum L. Europe. Greek Valerian, Jacob’s-ladder, Ladder-to-heaven, Charity, Makebale; Ger. Speerkraut; Fr. Valériane grecque. Properties of (c). (b) P. Van Brin- tie Brit. of northeastern U. S., American Jacob’s-ladder, closely resembles this species. 298 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS v. P, réptans L. Eastern U.S. Abscess-root, American Abscess- root, American Greek Valerian, Creeping Greek Valerian, Jacob’s-ladder*, Bluebell*, Forget-me-not*, Sweet-root; Ger. Geschwiirwurzel. Root alterative, astringeut, diaphoretic. 1635. POLIANTHES, L. Tuberose. Amaryllidaceae. From Greek, ‘‘white Howered’’. Syn. Polyanthus, Tuberosa, Heist. Herbs from tuberous rootstocks. About 3 species, tropical America. a. P. tuberésa L. (T. amica Medic.). Mexico and widely cult. Tuberose, Mistress-of-the-night. Flowers fragrant, much used in perfumery. 1636. POLIOMINTHA, Gray. Poliomintha. —_ Labiatae. From Greek, “hoary Mint’? Syn. Hedeomaf, in part. Tloary suflrutescent plants. Three specics, Mexican border of pits 1687. POLYCARPON, Loci. _All-seed. — Caryophyllaceae. From Greek, ‘‘many fruited’’. Slender annuals. About 6 species, widely distributed; 1 nat.in Califurnia, viz. (a) P. tetraphyllum L. from Europe, called All-seed. 1638. POLYGALA, L. Milkwort. Polygalaceac. From Greek, “abounding in milk’’, Herbs, rarely shrubs. About 260 species; 44 in U. 8. a. P. amara L. Europe. Bitter Milkwort, European Bitter Polygala; Ger. Kreuzblume, Kreuzwurz. Herb, Herba poly- gale, bitter tonic, stomachic. See (d). a . P. major Jacq. Southeastern Europe. Hungarian Milkwort. Root, Radix polygale hungarice. ce. P. paucifolia Willd. (P. unifiora Michx.). British America, south to Georgia and Illinois. Fringed Milkwort or Polygala, Flowering Wintergreen, Gay-wings, May-wings, Babies’-feet, Babies’ -toes, Babies’-slippers, Bird-on-the-wing, Dwarf Milk- wort, Indian Pink, Ladies’-slipper*, Little Pollom, Evergreen Snakervot. d. P. polygama Walt. (P. rubella Muhl.). Canada and eastern U.S. Bitter Milkwort, Pink Milkwort or Polygala, Racemed Milkwort, Centaury. Properties of (a), as have also: (e) P. Scopiria Kunth., Southern U. 8. and Mexico; (f) P. Nut» talii T. & Gr., eastern U. 8, Nuttall’s Milkwort, Ground Centaury, and (g) P. viridéscens L. (P. sanguinea L., not Nutt.). Canada and eastern U. 8. Field or Purple Milkwort, Strawberry-tassel. h. P. Sénega L. Canada to N. Carolina, west to Minnesota. Senega Snakeroot, Seneca Snakeroot, Seneca root, Rattlesnake root, Mountain Flax; Ger. Nenegawurzel; Fr. Polygala de Vir- ginie (Codex). Fool, senega, U. S. P., Senege Radix, Br., Rad. polygale virginianw; acrid, stimulant, expectorant. A robust variety, Maryland to Tennessee and Michigan, is I. Senega latifolia ‘l. & Gr. The White or False Senega root, having similar properties is from (j) P. Boykinii Nutt. southern and southwestern U.S. : SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 299 Other species of interest are (k) P. crucidta, eastern U.S., Cross-leaved Milkwort, Marsh Milkwort or Polygala, Dram- heads; (1) P. incarnata L., eastern U.S. to Mexico, Pink Milkwort, (.\merican) Rogation-flower, Procession-ower; (m) P. Ititea L., eastern U. 8., Orange Milkwort, Wild Bachelor’ s-buttons, Yellow Milkwort or Polygala; (n) P. Ser- pentiria Eck. & Zey., South Africa, root regarded an alexi- pharmic; (o) P. yenendsa Juss., Java, acrid and poisonous, and (p) P. vulgaris L., Europe, European Milkwort, Cross- flower, Four-sisters, Gang-flower, Procession-flower, Rogation- flower, Robin’s-eye. 1639. POLYGONATUM, Adans. Solomon’ s-seal.Convallariaceae. The Greek name, ‘‘many jointed’. Syn. Convallaria, in part. Herbs with scarred rootstocks. About 20 species, nurth temperate zone; 2 in U. 8. a. P. biflérum (Walt.) Ell. (C. biflora Walt.) Ontario and eastern U. 8. Hairy or Twin-flowered Solomon’s-seal, Dwarf Solomon’s-seal or Sealwort, Conquer-John. Rhizome of this and of (b) collected in America as Solomon’ s-seal. b. P. commutatum (R. & 8.) Dietr. (P. giganteum Dietr. (Kew), C. commutata R. & 8.). Canada to Georgia, west to Louisiana and Utah. Great Solomon’s-seal, Giant or Smooth Solomon's seal, Sealwort, Drop-berry. « P. multiflérum (L.) All. (C. multiflora L.). Europe and Asia. Many-flowered Solomon s-sealZ, David’s-harp, Jacob’s- ladder, Ladder-to-heaven, Scala ecceii, Lily-of-the mountain, Fraxinelle, Drop-berry, Whitewort. Rhizome of this and of (d\, Solomon's-seal (of Europe), Our-Lady’s-seal, Lady’ s-seal, Seal-of-heaven, White-root; Ger. Weisswurzel, Salomon's- siegel; Fr. Sceau de Salomon; formerly reputed to possess mar- velous healing virtues. d. P. officinale (L.) All. (C-. officinalis L., C. Polygonatum L., P. vulgare Desf.). Europe and Asia. True Svlomon’s-xeal, Sealwort, with synonyms of (c); Fr. Sceau de Salomon ((odex ). 1640. POLYGONELLA, Michx. Jointweed. Polygonacene. Latin, dim. of ‘‘Polygonum’’. Syn. Polygonum, (ronopy- rum, in part. Herbs with jointed stems. About 8 species, all of U.S. (a) P. artieulata (L.) Meisn., Coast Jointweed, is called also Sand-grass. x 1641. POLYGONUM, L. Knotweed, ete. Polygonaceae. The Greek name, meaning ‘‘many jointed” = Syn. Bistorta, in part. Herbs, some shrubby, with spiked, racemed or capitate inflorescence. About 200 species, 66 in U. 8. «a P. amphibium L. Europe and British America, south to Kentucky, Colorado and California. Water Persicaria, Willow- weed, Willow-grass, Ground Willow, Red-shanks, Hearts-ease*. b. P. arifélium L. Canada and northeastern U. 8. Halberd- leaved Tear-thumb, Scratch-grass, Sickle-grass. The latter names apply also to (c) P. sagitatum L., Arrow-leaved Tear-thumb, a more common species. 300 | PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS d. P. aviculare L. Europe, Asiaand N. America. Knot-grass, Door-weed, Door-grass, All-seed, Armstrong, Beggar-weed, Bird’s-tongue, Bird-grass, Bird-weed, Centinode, Cow-grass, Crab-weed, Finzach, Goose-grass, Hog-weed, Iron-grass, Knot- wort, Male Knot-grass, Ninety-knot, Mantil, Pink-weed, Spar- row-tongue, Stone-weed, Swine’s-grass, Tacker-grass, Way- grass, Wire-grass*, Wire-weed. e. P. Bistérta L. (B. officinalis Raf., B. major S. F. Gray). Europe and northern Asia. Bistort (i. e. twice bent), Snake- weed, Adderswort, Dragonwort, Easter-ledges, Easter-magients, Astrologyt, Osterich, English Serpentary, Snakewort, Passions, Red-legs, Sweet Dock, Twice-writhen; Ger. Wiesenkniterich, Natterwurz, Kndéterich; Fr. Bistorte (Codex), Couleuvrine. Rhizome, Bistorta, Rad. bistorte, Rad. columbine; astringent. Similar properties belong to the indigenous (f) P. Virginid- num L., Virginia Knotweed, Virginia Bistort; also to the circumpolar (g) P. viviparum L. (B. viviparaS. F. Gray), Alpine Bistort, Serpent-grass. bh. P. Convélyulus L. Asia, nat. in Europe and U. S. Black Bindweed, Blackbird Bindweed, Climbing or Corn Bindweed, Ivy or Knot Bindweed, Bear-bind, Corn-bind, Devil’s-tether, With-wind, Climbing Buckwheat*. The name False Buck- wheat is given to the similsr (i) P. cristétum Engelm. & Gr.; (j) P. dumetérum L. and (k) P. sedndens L. 1. P. Hydropiper L. Europe, nat. in U.S. | Water-pepper, Smartweed, Biting Knotweed; Biting Persicaria, Bite-tongue, Lake-weed, Pepper-plant, Red-knees, Red-shanks, Sickleweed*, Culrage, Ciderage, Arse-smart, Arsenick{. Plant acrid, diure- tic. m. P. orientale L. India, nat. in U. S. _ Prince’s-feather, Gentleman’ s-cane, Garden Persicary, Ragged-sailor. n. P. Persicdiria L. Europe, nat. in U. S. Spotted Knotweed, Black-heart, Crab’s-claws, Heart-weed, Heart’s-ease* (U. 8.), Heart’s-ear, Lover’s-pride, Peachwort, Persicaria, Persicary, Pink-weed, Red-shanks, Red-weed, Willow-weed, Plumbago*. o. P. punctitum Ell. (P. acre H. B. K., P. Hydropiper Michx., not L.). British America, U. S. throughout, and southward. American Smartweed, Dotted or Water Smartweed, Arsesmart, Arsmart, Hydropiper, Water-pepper, Turkey-troop. Herb ac- rid, diuretic, diaphoretic, emmenagogue. p- P. tinctorium Ait. Japan andChina. J apanese Indigo plant. A source of indigo. 1642, POLYMNIA, L. Leaf-cup. GrinenR: Dedicated to the Muse Polhymnia. Perennial Hee cont shrubby. About 10 species, New World; 2 in U. 8. ‘ a P. Uvedilia L. Eastern U.S. Yellow Leaf-cup, Bear’s-foot Yellow Bear’s-foot, Large-flowering Leaf-cup, Uvedalia, Root tonic, stimulant. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 301 1643. POLYPODIUM, L.. Polypody. Polypodiaceae. Greek name of a kind of Fern, ‘‘many footed”. Ferns from creeping rootstocks. About 350 species; 11 in U. §. a. P, vulgdre L. Northern Asia, Europe and N. America. Com- mon Polypody (Polypod, Polypode, Polypoddy ), Rock Brake*, Adder’s Fern*, Ever-fern, Golden Maidenhair*, Golden Poly- pody, Golden-locks, Moss Fern, Wall Fern, Wood Fern, Poly- pody of the Oak, Polypody of the Wall; Ger. Gemeiner Tiip- felfarn, Stissfarn, Engelsiiss; Fr. Polypode Commun (Codex). Beene Radix polypodii, R. filicule dulcis; expectorant, iuretic. 1644. POLYPORUS, Fries. Agaric, etc. Hymenomycetes. From Greek, having ‘‘many pores” Syn. Boletus, in part. Fungi (toadstools), mostly of corky or woody texture. q. P. spinésa L. Europe, sparingly nat. in U.S. Sloe (Slea, Sloo, Slon), Sloe-thorn, Black-thorn, Buck-thorn*, Black- berry*, Hedge-picks, Slone-bloom, Snag-bush, Wild Plum; Ger. Schwarizdorn, Schlehe. A variety, P. spinosa insititia (L.) A. Gray, is the Bullace; Ger. Haferschlehe, Kriechen- pflaume, perhaps the original of (h). r. P. Virginidna L. (C. Virginiana Lois.). British America, south to Georgia and Colorado. Choke Cherry, Wild Cherry. Fruit very astringent. (s) P. ilicifolia (Nutt.) Walp. (c. ilicifolia Nutt.) of California is called Islay, Holly Laurel and Evergreen Cherry: (t) P. subcorddta Benth., Oregon to California, is the Wild Plum of the Pacific coast; (u) P. um- bellita Ell., southeastern U. S., is the American Black Sloe. 1669. PSACALIUM, Greene. Pzacalium. Compositae. From Greek, a minute ‘‘drop’’, or ‘‘grain’’. Syn. Luina, in part. Herb. One species, western U. 8. 1670. PSATHYROTES, Gray (Psathyrotus). Compositae. From Greek, ‘‘brittle”, of the bran-hes, Syn. Tetradymia, Polydymia, Bulbostylis, in part. Low winter annuals. Four species, Arizona to Nebraska. 808 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS 1671. PSEUDOCYMOPTERUS, Coult, & Rose. Umbelliferae. Krom Greek, “fale Cymopterus”, Herbs, ‘Three species, of western U.S, 1672. PSEUDOMAGENNETUS, Rusch. Asclepiadaceae. Shrubby climber, perhaps referable to some other genus. (a) P. Equatoriénsis, Rusch, Peru to Eequador, Cundu- rango blanco, Mata perro, Bark alterative. 1678. PSEUDOPHOENIX, Wendl. Sabalaceae. From Greck, ‘false Date’. A small palm with pinnate leaves. One species, West Indies to Florida. 1674. PSEUDOTSUGA, Carr. False Hemlock-Spruce. Pinaceae. From Greek, ‘false Tuga’. Syn. Pinus, in part. ‘Trees resembling Jlemlock Spruce. Two species, both of western ULB. a. Py. taxifolia (Lamb.) Brit. (Pin. taxifolia Lamb., Ps. Douglasii Car. (Kew), B. mucronata (Raf.) Sudw,). Puget Sound to California. Douglas Spruce, Douglas Fir, Yellow or Red Fir, Oregon Pine}. Timber valuable, especially for ship’s masts. (b) P. macroeirpa (Torr. ) Lemmon, Big-cone Spruce, is the Hemlock tree of southern California. 1675. PSIDIUM, L. Guava. Myrtaceae. From Greek, ‘“pulpy’’, the name originally of the pomegran- ate. Syn. Guaiava, Adank. Trees or shrubs. About 100 spe- cies, tropical America; 2 nat. in U.S. a. P. Cattleiinum Sabine. Brazil, cult. in all tropical countries. Purple Guava, Strawberry Giuava. Fruit esculent, agreeably acid. b. P. Guajaiva L. (C). pyriformis Gacrtn., including P. pomiferum L. ant P. pyriferum L.). Tropical America, widely cult. and nat. in tropical countries. (Guava, Common Guava, Bay Plum; Sp. Guayaba, ruitesculent, yielding a delicious jelly. Other species also produce esculent fruits. 1676. PSILACTIS, Gray. Pailactis. Compositae. From Greek, ‘naked ray”, the ray florets having no pappus. Annual herbs. Two species, Texas to California. — 1677. PSILOCARPHUS, Nutt. Psilocarphus. Compositae. From Greek, ‘bare chafl”’, Syn. Benzanilla, Micropus, in part. Woolly annuals, About 8 species, all American; 5 in U.S. (Pacilic border). 1678. PSILOSTROPHE, DC. 183s. Psilostrophe. Compositae, Syn. Riddellia, Nutt. 1841 Perennial herbs with rather small flower-heads (yellow). ‘Three species, southwestern U.S. and Mexico. 1679. PSORALEA, L. Psoralea, Papilionacene. From Greek. “seurfy”. Syn. Hledysarum, in part. Herbs or shrubs with flowers in racemes, spikes or heads. About 110 species; 37 in U.S. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 309 a. P. corylifolia L. Arabia to India. Banchee seed, Bawchang seel, Malay Tea. Herb and serls tonic, alterative. b. P. esculénta Pursh. Manitoba to Texas. Indian or Missouri Bread-ryot, Prairie Apple, Cree Putato, Cree Turnip, [Dakota Turnip, Tipsin, Tipsinna: Fr. Pomme blanche, Pomme de prairie. Tuhers esculent, as are the smaller ones of (c) P. hypogaéa Nutt., Nebraska to New Mexico, Smaller Indian - Bread -root. d. P. glandulosa L. (P. lutea Mol). Chili. Jesuit’s Tea*, Mexican Tea. Leares used to prepare a beverage. e P, oo nea (Mill.) Vail (P. melilotoides Michx. (Kew), H. pedunculaium Mill.) seutheastern U. 3. 9 Samson's Snoakersot, Bab’sroot, Congo-root. Plant aromatic, bitter, tonic. Other indigenous species are (£) P. floribunda Nutt. and (g) P. tenuiflora Pursh, bgth called Seurfy Vea; (hj) PL lanceolata Pursh, Tumble-weed: (i) P. Onobrychis Nutt, Sanfoin Psoralea?, French-grass. 1680. PSYCHOTRIA, L.175, striated Ipecac. Rubiaceae. From (reek, “vivifving Syn. P-ychotrophum, P. Br. 1756; Ronabea, in part. Shrubs or small trees. About 425 species, tropical America; 2 in U. %. a. P. emética Mutis (RK. emetica Rich.). New (+ranada and Pera. oot, Striated Ipecac, Peruvian or Black Ipecac; eme- tic. See Uragoga. 16S1. PTELEA, E. Hop-tree. Rutsceae. The Greek femme of the Elm. shrubs or small trees, fruit a nearly orbicular samara. About 4 specie, N. America; + in U.S. a. P. trifoliata L. Ontario to northem Mexico, throngh eastern U. 3. Three-leaved Hop-tree, Wafer Ash, Sbrubby Trefoil, Ague-bark, Pickaway Anise. Prairie-grub, (uinine-tree, Saug- tree, Stinking Ash, Xtinking Prairie- bush, swamp Dogwood, Wing-seed; Ger. Hopfenbaum, Kleebaum: Fr. Orme & trois feuilles. Leave: anthelmintic; Bark of root tonic, febrifuge, stomachic; frvt a substitute tor hops. 1682, PTEROC ARPUS, L. 1763, not L. 1747. Papilionaceae. From Gree«. “ming fruit’ . syn. Lingonum, Adans. 1763. Trees. About 2y species, Asia, Africa and America. a. P. Draco L. West Indies. Yields a variety of Dragon’ blood. b. P. erimadcens Poir. Western Africa. Molompi, Cormwood, African Rosewood. Inspissated zap 1, African or (sambia Kino. «. P. Marsipium Roxb. (L. Marsnpium ( Roxb.) ©. Kze.). India. Kino tree, Amborna Kino tree. Bastard Teak, Bija. Lnapizzated sap, Kino, U. >. P., Br, (summi Kino: Fr. Kino de V'Inde; Sp. (roma quino; vernacular Vengay: A powerful as- tringent. 310 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS d. P. santalinus L. f. (L. santalinum (L. f.) O. Kze.). India. The «ood is Red Sandalwood, Red Saunders, Red Santal, Red- wood*, Ruby-wood; santalum rubrom, U.S. P., Pterocarpi Lignum Br., Lignum santalinum rubrum; Ger. Rothes Sandel- holz; Fr. Santal rouge (Codex): Sp. Sandalo rojo. Yields a red dye. 1688. PTEROCAULON, Ell. Indian Black-root. Compositae. From Greek, ‘wing stem’ Syn. Conyza, Chznobolus, Gnaphalium, in part. Perennial herbs. About 10 species, America and Australia; 3 in southeastern U. 3. a. P, pyehnostdchynm Ell. (C. pychnostachya Michx., G. undu- latum Walt. ). Southeastern U.S. Indian Black-root. Resi alterative, narcotic. (b) P. virgdtum IC. Texas, Mexico and West Indies. Jamaica (solden-locks, Golden-tuft, (volden Cudweed. 1684. PTEROSPORA, Nutt» Pine Drops, ete. Monotropaceae. From Greek, “wing seeded” Syn. Monotropa, in part. Leafless saprophyte. One species, U. S. a. P. Andromedéa Nutt. 1818. (M. procera Torr. 18181. British America, south to Pennsylvania, Arizona and Calirornia. Pine drops, Albany Beech-drops, Giant Bird’s-nest, False Crawley. Gall-of-the-earth. 1685. PTEROSTEGIA,Fisch & Mey.Pterostegia Polygonaceae. From Greek, ‘‘wing’’ and ‘covering’ Herb. A single species, California. 1686. PTILIMNIUM, Raf. 1825.MockBishop-weed. Umbelliferae. Syn. Discopleura, DC. 1829; Ammi, Peucedanum, in part. Annual herbs. About 4 species, America and East Indies; 3 inU.s. a. P. capillaceum (Michx.) Hollick (A. capillaceum Michx., D. capillacea DC.). Atlantic and Gulf border of U. & Mock Bishop-weed, Bolewort, Bullwort, Herb William, Wood- nep. 1687. PTILOCALAIS, Greene. _ Ptilocalais. Cichoriaceae. oe Microseris, in part. Herbs. Three species, western oS . 1688. PTILONELLA, Nott. Ptilonella. Compositae. Syn. Blepharipappus, in part. Herbs) Two species, west- em U.S. 1689. PTILORIA, Raf. 1832. Priloria. Cichoriaceae. Syn. Stephanomeria, Nutt. 1341, also Lygodesmia, in part. Herbs with small heads of pink flowers About 20 species western and central N. America; 1S in U. §. : 1690. PTYCHOTIS, Koch. _ Bishop’s-weed. Umbelliferae. Syn. Carum (Kew), Ammi, in part. Herbs related to Carum. A few species, Mediterranean region to India. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 311 a. P. Céptica (L.) Lyons (A. Copticum L., C. Copticum Benth. (Kew), UC. Ajowan Bentley, P. Ajowan DC.). Hindustan. Ajowan, Ajouan, Ajava, Javanee; Fr. Ammi officinal (Codex). Fruit aromatic, antispasmodic, used like caraway seed; contains thymol. 1691. PULICARIA, Gaertn. Fleawort. Compositae. Latin, “‘fleawort”. Syn. Inula, in part. Herbs. About 30 species, mostly of Mediterranean region. a. P. dysentérica (L.) Gaertn. (I. dysenterica L.). Southern Europe. Fleawort, Fleabane, Fleabane-mullet, Cammock*, Herb Christopher*; Ger. Flohkraut; Fr, Pulicaire. Herb insecticide. 1692. PULMONARIA, L. — Lungwort. Boraginaceae. Latin, ‘“‘lungwort”. Hispid perennial herbs. About 6 spe- cies, Europe and Asia. a. P. officinalis L. Europe. Lungwort, Jerusalem Cowslip, Bugloss or Bedlam Cowslip, Spotted Lungwort. Spotted Com- frey, Spotted-Mary, Beggar’s-basket, Joseph-and-Mary, Sage of Bethlem, Sage cf Jerusalem; Ger. Lungenkraut; Fr. Pul- monaire officinale (Codex). Herb demulcent. 1698. PULSATILLA, Adans. Pasque-flower. Ranunculaceae. Name unexplained. Syn. Anemone (Kew), Clematis, in part. Perennial scapose herbs. About 18 species, north tem- q perate zone and northward; 2 in U. S. a. P, hirsutissima (Pursh) Brit. (C. hirsutissima Pursh., A. patens (Kew), var. Nuttalliana A. Gray, A. Nuttalliana DC. ). Texas to Nebraska and British Columbia. American Puleatilla, American or Nuttall’s Pasque-flower, April-fool, Badger-weed, Easter-flower, Gosling, Hartshorn plant, Headache plant, May-flower, Prairie Anemone, Prairie or Wild Crocus. Pro- perties of (b). b. P. praténsis (L.) Mill. (A. pratensis L.) and (c) P. Pulsa- tilla (L.) Lyons (A. Pulsatilla L., P. vulgaris Mill.). Eu- rope and northern Asia. Pulsatilla, European Pulsatilla or Pasque-flower, Dane’s-blood, Easter-flower; Ger. Kiicheuschelle, Pulsatille; Fr. Anemone Pulsatille, Coquelourd (Codex), Sp. Pulsatila. The dowering herb of both species, Pulsatilla, U.S. P.; alterative, antispasmodic. 1694. PUNICA, L. 1753. Pomegranate. Punicaceae, The Latin name, ‘‘Carthagenian’”’ fruit. Syn. Granatum, St. Lag. 1880. Shrub. One species, northern Africa and west- ern Asia. «. P. Grandtum L. (G. Punicum St. Lag.). Pomegranate, Carthaegnian or Punic Apple, Garnet Apple, Balausta, Balaus- tine; Ger. Granatbaum; Fr. Grénadier (Codex), Balustier; Sp. Granado. Bark of stem and root, Granatum, U.S. P., Gran- ati Radicis Cortex, Br., Cortex Granati P. G., Tznicide, con- taining the alkaloid pelletierine. Rind of fruit Cortex psidii, Cort. malicorium; astringent, used in tanning morocco leather. Flowers, Flores balaustii, Balaustia, astringent. Fruit acidulous, esculent. 312 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS 1695. PUYA, Mol. (Puja). Puya. Bromeliaceae. From vernacular (Chili). Syn. Pourretia, R. & Pav. Shrubby or arborescent plants. Abvut 4 species, Cnili and Peru. a. P. lannginésa Schult. (Pourretia lanuginosa R. & P.). Chili. Source of Vhagual gum. 1696. PYROLA, L. Wintergreen, Shin-leaf, ete. Pyrolaceae. Latin from pyrus (Pear), from similarity of leaves. Peren- nial scapose herbs. About 14 species, northern hemisphere; 11 in U.S. a. P. elliptiea Nutt. British America, south to Mary land, Illinois and New Mexico. Shin-leaf, Wild Lily of-the-valley. (b) Py ehlorantha Swz. and (c) P. minor L. are also called Shin- leaf. d. P. rotundifolia L. Europe, Asia and northern N. America, south to (seorgia, west to Minnesuta. Round-leaved Winter- green, False Wintergreen, Larger Wintergreen, Pear leaved Wintergreen, Canker Lettuce, Wild* or Indian Lettuce, Con- sumption-weed, (opper-leaf, Dollar-leaf, Liverwort Lettuce; Ger. Waldmangold; Fr. Pyrole. Leuves astringent, diuretic. The other species have similar properties. 1697. PYROCOMA, Hook. Prrocoma. Compositae. Syn. Aplopappus (Kew), in part. Rigid perennial berbs; 26 species in U. 8., Pacific border. 1698. PYRULARIA, Michx. Buffalo-nut, ete. Santalaceae. Latin, ‘‘pear like’? Syn. Hamiltonia, in part. Shrubs or small trees. Two species, one in Asia, one in U. 8. a. P. ptibera Michx. (P. oleifera A. Gray, H. oleifera Muhl.). Pennsylvania to Georgia. Oil-nut, Buffalo-nut, Elk-nut. Seeds rich in oil. 1699. PYRUS, L. (Pirus). Pear. . Pomaceae. Latin name of the Pear. Trees or shrubs. About 12 spe- cies, Old World. See Cydonia, Malus, Mvspilus and Sorbus. a P. communis L. Europe and central Asia, and widely cult. Pear. Inthe wild state called Choke Pear; Ger. Birnbaum; Fr. Poirier. Firuit esculent. 1700. PYXIDANTHERA,. Michx. Pyxie, etc. Diapensiaceae. From Greek, ‘tbox anther? Syn. Diapensia, in part. Dwarf evergreen shrub. One species: (a) P. barbulata Michx. (D. barbulata Ell). New Jersey to N. Carolina. Flowering Moss, Pyxie, Pyxie Moss, Pine-barren Beauty. 1701. QUAMASIA, Raf 1818. (Quamassia). Liliaceae. From vernacnlar Indian nane. Syn. Camassia (Kew), Lindl. 1832; Lemotrys, Scilla, in part. Scapose herbs from membranous-coated bulbs. About 5 species, all of U. 8. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 313 a. Q. eseulénta (Ker.) Coville (C. esculenta Lind. (Kew), L. hyacintha Raf., S. Fraseri Gray, C. Fraseri Torr.). Pennsyl- vania to Minnesota, south to Texas. Eastern Quamash or Camass, Wild Hyacinth. Bub esculent. 1202. QUAMOCLIT. Moench. Cypress vine. Convolvulaceae. Syn. Quamoclita; [pomua, in part. Herbaceous twiners. About 10 species, warm and tropical regions; 2 nat. in U.S. viz. (a) Q. evecinea (L.) Moench, Small Red Morning- glory, American Jasmine; (b) Q. Quamoeclit (L.) Brit. (Q. vulgaris Choisy), Cypress vine, American Red Bell-flower, Indian Pink, Red Jasmine, Sweet-William (Barbados). 1708. QUASSIA, L. Quassia. Simarnbaceae. Named for Quassi (or Choisi), a negro of Surinam. Trees with bitter bark and wood. Two species, one in Africa, one in tropical America. a. Q. amdra L. Surinam. Surinam Quassia. Wood, Lignum Quassie P. G., in part (See Picrasma excel+a), Lig. quassie surinamensis; Ger. Quassienholz, Bitterholz, Fliegenholz; Fr. Quassie amére, Bois amer de Surinam (Codex); bitter, tonic. 1704. QUERCUS, L. Oak. Fagaceae. The ancient Latin name, of Celtic origin. Trees or shrubs, fruit an acorn. Abaut 200 species, northern hemisphere; 66 in U. 8.; Ger. Eiche; Fr. Chéne; Sp. Encina. a. Q. acuminata (Michx) Sarg. (Q. Muhlenbergii Engelm.). Ontario and eastern U.S. Chestnut Oak, Chinkapin (Chin- ‘quapin) Oak. Yellow Chestnut Oak; Yellow, Pin, Scrub or Shrub Oak. Acorns edible, as are those of (b) Q. Michanxii Nutt., Cow Oak, Basket Oak and (c) Q. prinoides Willd., a Chestnut Oak, also called Chinkapin Oak. See (m), (0) and (p). d. Q. aégilops L. South Europe to Syria. Acorn cups, Valonia (Vallonea); Fr. Vallone, Gallon, also unripe acorns, Camata, Camatena, used in dyeing and tanning. e. Q. agrifolia Nee. California and Mexico. Encino, Live Oak (of California), this name applying also to (f) Q. chrysdlepis Liebm., a smaller tree, Maul Oak, Valparaiso Oak, and to (g) Q. oblongifélia Torr., of southern California. See (v). h. Q. dlba L. Canada and eastern U. 8. White Oak, Stone Oak. ‘Bark; Quercus Alba, U.S. P., Cortex quercus, « powerful astringent. Timber strong and durable. _ Closely allied to this are (i) Q. minor (Marsb.) Sarg. (Q. albus minor Marsh., Q. obtusiloba, Michx.), eastern U. S., Post Oak, Iron Oak, Brash Oak, Box White Oak, Rough White Oak, ‘Turkey Oak, White Oak, and (j) Q. macrocdrpa Michx. 1810 (Q. olive- formis Michx. 1812), Canada to Texas, Mossy-cup Oak, Bur Oak, Blue Oak, Over-cup Oak, Scrub Oak. The Over-cup Oak or Post Oak of the southeastern U. 8. is (k) Q. lyrdta Walt., called also Water White Oak and Swamp Post Oak. 314 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS 1. Q. coccifera L. Mediterranean region. Kermes Oak, Cochi- m. = ° 2 4 neal Oak. The food plant ot the European cochineal or kermes insect. [The historic oak of David or Abraham’s oak is of this species]. Q. Dex L. Southern Europe. Holly Oak, Evergreen Oak: Fr. Chéne vert (Codex). Acorns, Chestnut acorns, Ballota, edible. . Q. Lusitanica Lam. (Q. infectoria Oliv. ). Mediterranean region. Gall Oak. Excrescences caused by an insect, Nutgalls, Galle, Oak-apples, Oak-warts; Galla, U. s P., Br., Galla halepense, Galla turcica v. levantica v. tinctoria v. quercina; Ger. Gallipfel, Gallen; Fr. Galle de chéne d’Alep. Noix de galle d’ Alep (Codex); Sp. Agallas de levante; varieties are Aleppo, Smyrna and Sorian galls; astringent, source of tannin. See (0) and (w). . Q. lobata Nee. California. Sacramento White Oak. Excres- cences, Oak-balls. are California Nutgalls. cc. ns once the chief food of the aborigines. . Q. Prinus L. Canada and northeastern U. 8. Rock Chestnut Oak, Swamp or White Chestnut Uak, Mountain or Rock Oak, Tan-bark Oak. Bark much used in tanning. -teorns edible. . Q. Robur L. (Q.pedunculata Erhr.)’ Europe and western Asia. European White Oak (Woke, Wuk, Yak), British Oak, English Oak; Ger. Steineiche, Sommereiche; Fr. Chéne blanc (Codex). Bark official in British, German and French phar- macopoeias. See (h). Acorns (Yackrons) of this and other species, Jove’s Nuts, Glandes quercus (tostae), a substitute for Coffee (Eichelkaffee). Timber used for ship-building, ete. Allied to this is(r) Q. sessiliflora Martyn (Q. Robur Willd. *. Durmast Oak, Bay or Marden Oak. Q. Suber L. Southern Europe and northern Africa. Cork Oak, Cork-tree, European Alcornoque. Outer bark, corkwood, is common cork. Cork is procured also from (t) Q. oeciden- talis Gay and from (u) Q. Pseudo-stiber Santi (Q. suber Kotschy ). Q. Virginidna Mill. (Q. virens Ait.). Southeastern U.S. to Mexico and Cuba, Live Oak. Timber used in ship building. . Q. yelutina Lam. 1783 (Q. tinctoria Bartr. 1791, Q. coccinea var. tinctoria A. Gray). Canada and eastern U. S&S. Black Oak, Dyer’s Oak, Quercitron Oak, Female or Spotted Oak, Yellow-bark Oak. Bark yields the yellow dye quercitron (i. e. oak yellow). Galls called Oak-plums. ; Other notable species of eastern U. S. are (x) Q. coccinea Wang., Scarlet Oak; Red, Black or Spanish Oak; (y¥) Q. Marylindica Moench (Q. nigra var. b, L.), Black-Jack) Jack Oak, Barren or Iron Oak; (z) Q. nana (Marsh.) Sarg. (Q. ilicifolia Wang.), Bear Oak, Serub Oak, Bitter or Barren Oak Bitter-bush, Holly Oak, Dwarf Black Oak; (aa) Q. nigra I. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. ol (Q. aquatica Walt. ), Water Oak, Black-Jack*; Barren, Duck, Possum, Punk or Spotted Oak; (bb) Q. Phélles L., Willow Oak, Peach Oak, Sand Jack Oak, and (cc) Q. rubra L., Red Oak, Black Oak*, Champion or Spanish Oak. 1705. QUILLAJA, Mol. (Quillaia). Soap bark. Rosaceae. From vernacular Quillai, Chili. Evergreen trees with thick veiny leaves. About 4 species, South America. a. Q. Sapondria Mol. (Q. Moline DC.). Chili to Peru. Soap- bark tree, Soap tree, Quillaya (Quillai, Cullay). Bark, Soap- bark, Quillaja, U. S. P.; Ger. Seifenrinde, Panamarinde; detergent, an emulsifier; contains saponin. (b) Q. smegma- dérmos DC. also yields Soap-bark. 1706. QUINCULA, Raf. Quincula. Solanaceae. Syn. Physalis (Kew), in part. Perennial scurfy herb. One species, southwestern U.S. and Mexico. 1707. RAFFLESIA, R. Br. Rafilesia. Rafflesiaceae. Named for Sir Stamford Raffles, its discoverer. Leafless and stemless parasites, the plant consisting practically of a single flower. About 8 species, Sumatraand Java The flower of (a) R. Arndldi R. Br. (R. Titan Jack.) is a meter in diameter. 1708. RAILARDELLA, Gray. Railardella. | Compositae. Diminutive of Railardia. Stemless perennial herbs. About 4 species, California. 1709. RAMONA, Greene. - Ramona. Lahbiatae. Syn. Audibertia, Kenth., in part. Shrubs or undershrubs, closely allied to Salvia. About 10 species, all of California. 1710. RANDIA, L. - Randia. Rubiaceae. Named for Isaac Rand, botanist of London, 18th Century. Trees or shrubs. About 100 species, tropical regions, especially of Asia and Africa; 1 in U. 8. a. R. aculedta L. West Indies to Florida. Indigo-berry, Ink- berry. Fruit yields a blue dye. b. R. dumetérum Lam. Africato Java. Malabar Ipecac. Fruit emetic, used to stupefy fish. 1711. RANUNCULUS L. Crowfoot, ete. Ranunculaceae. Latin diminutive, ‘‘froglet’, some species being paludal. Acrid herbs. About 200 species, temperate and cooler regions of both hemispheres; 41 in U. S. Synonyms are Buttercup, Creesy, Gildcups, Golland. a. R. abortivus L. Canada and eastern U.S. to Colorado. Chick- en Pepper, Kidney-leaved Crowfoot@. b. R. aconitifélins L. Europe, cult. in gardens. Garden But- tercup. The double white variety is called White Bachelor’s- buttons (Fr. Boutons d’argent), Fair-maids-of-France, Fair- maids-of-Kent. 316 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS c. R. deris L. Europe, nat. in U. S. Tall or Meadow Butter- cup, Field Buttercup, Buttercup, Goldicup, Gold-knops, Gol- den-knops, Guilty-cup, King-cuv, Blister-flower, Blister-weed, Butter Cress, Butter Daisy, Crazy, Cuckoo-buds, Horse-gold, Mary-buds (Shakespere), Paigle*, Yellow-caul, Yellow Cress, Yellow Gowan (Scotland); the double variety, Yellow Bache- lor’s-buttons; Ger. Hahnenfuss; Fr. Renoncule. Plant, as in most species, acrid, rubefacient, counter-irritant. d. R. arvénsis L. Europe, adv. in U.S. Corn Crowfoot, Hun- ger-weed, Devil’s-claws, Gold-weed, Hell-weed, Horse-gold. This species and (e) R. auricomus L., the European Goldi- locks, are but slightly acrid. f. R. bulbésus L. Europe, sparingly nat. in U.S. Bulbous But- tercup, Frogwort, Frostwort, Gill-cup, Meadow-bloom. Pale- wort, Pissabed, St. Anthony’s Rape, St. An:hony’s Turnip (i. e. Hog’s Turnip), with most of the synonyms of (¢). g. R. delphinifolius Torr. (R. lacustris Beck. & Tracy, R. mul- tifidus Pursh, not Forsk.). Ontario and eastern U.S. Yellow Water-crowfoot, Water Buttercup. h. R. répens L. Europe, nat., perhaps also indigenous, in U. 8. Creeping ButtercupZ, Meadow or Spotted-leaf Buttercup, Devil’s-guts, Granuy-threads, Hod-the-rake, Lantern-leaves, Meg-many-feet, Ram’'s-claws, Sitfast, Setsicker, Tether-toad, with most of the synonyms of (c). Indigenous Buttercups are (i) R. fascienlaris Muhl., Canada and northern U.S., Early, Dwarf, Low or luned Buttercup, Cowslip* and (j) R. sep- tentriondlis Poir., Marsh, Swamp or Early Buttercup. k. R. sceleratus L. Europe, Asia and N. America, in swamps and ditches. Cursed Crowfoot; Celery-leaved, Marsh or Ditch Crowfoot, Water Celery}, Blisterwort, Biting Crowfoot, Ache*. 1712. RAPHANUS, L. Radish. - — Cruciferae. From Greek. Herbs, mostly biennial with showy towers. About 6 species, Europe and temperate Asia; 2 nat. in U. S. a. R. Raphanistrum L. Europe and northern Asia, nat. in U. S. Wild Radish, Jointed Charlock, White Chariock, Cadlock, Skedlock, Curlock, Warlock, Krautweed, Black Mustard*, Rape*. Seeds pungent like those of mustard. b. Ry. sativus L. Asia, widely cult. Radish, Common or Garden Radish (Rabone, Rawbone, Reefort). Root antiscorbutic, es- culent. Pods of some varieties used as salad. 1718. RATIBIDA, Raf. 1818. Cone-flower. Compositae, Name unexplained. Syn. Lepachys (Kew), Raf. 1819;. Rud- beckia, in part. Perennial herbs with large flower-heads, rays yellow. About 4 species, all of U.S. (a) R. columniris (Sims) D. Don, Long-headed or Prairie Cone-flower, is also called Brush. 1714. RAVENALA, Adans. 1763. (Ravanella). Musaceae. Syn. Urania, Schreb. 1789. Arborescent plants with huge SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR, 317 leaves of firm texture. Two species, S. America and Madagas- car. (a) R. Madagascariénsis Sonner. (U. speciosa Willd, U. Ravenalia Rich.), is the Traveler’s tree of Madagascar. 1715, RAZOUMOFSKYA, Hoffm. 1808. Loranthaceae. Named for Alexis Razoumofski, Russian botanist. Syn. Arceuthobium, Bieb. 1819. Small or minute parasites on coni- ferous trees. About 12 species, all but two of N. America; 9 in U.S. 1716. REMIGIA, Dv. Cuprea bark. Rubiaceae. Named for Dr. Remijo who first used the bark in place of Cinchona. Syn. Cinchona, in part. Trees. About 15 spe- cies, S. America. a. R. pedunculata Flueck (C. pedunculata Karst.) and (b) R. Purdieina Wedd. Colombia. Bark of both called Cuprea bark; contains quirine. 1717. RESEDA, L. Mignonette. Resedaceae. The ancient Latin name, ‘‘avaunt”, a word used in incanta- tions. Herbs. About 55 species, Old World; 3 nat. in U. 8. a R. Lutéola L. Europe, adv. in U.S. Dyer’s Rocket, Ash-of- Jerusalem, Dyer’s-weed, Dyer’s Mignonette, Italian or Yellow Rocket, Yellow-weed, Weld, Wild Woad, Wild-wood; Ger. Gelbkraut, Wau, Waid. Plant diaphoretic, diuretic. Yields a yellow dye, gaude, also a pigment called Dutch pink. b. R. odorata L. North Africa to Syria, cult. in gardens. Mig- nonette, Garden or Common Mignonette. 1718. REVERCHONIA, Gray. Reverchonia. Euphorbiaceae. Annual herb. One species, Texas. 1719. REYNOSIA, Griseb. Darling Plum, ete. Rhamnaceae. Named for Prof. Alvaro Reynoso, chemist of Havana. shrub producing an edible fruit. One species. (a) R. lati- folia Gri-eb., Florida and West Indies, Darling Plum, Red Ironwood, Bullet tree. 1720. RHAMNIDIUM, Reiss. Black Ironwood. Rhamnaceae, From Greek, ‘‘Rhamnus-like’. Syn. Condalia, Rhamnus, Scutia, in part. Shrubsor small trees. About 7 species; warm- er regions ot America; 1 in southern Florida, viz. (a) R. férreum (Vahl.) Sarg. (C. ferrea Griseb.), Black Ironwood. 1721. RHAMNUS, L. Buckthorn. Rhamnaceae. From the ancient Greek name. Rbamnus is now made uni- formly feminine by botanists. Syn. Alaternus, Cervispina, Frangula, in part. Shrubs. About 75 species, temperate and warm regions; 15in U.S. a. R. Alatérnus L. (A. Phyllica Mill.). Europe, cult. in U. S. Evergreen Privet, Alaternus. eaves suppress secretion of milk. 318 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS b. R. Carolini4na Walt. (F. Caroliniana A. Gray, F. fragilis Raf.). Southeastern U. S. Southern or Carolina Buckthorn, Alder Buckthorn, Bog Birch, Indian Cherry. Bark laxative. (c) R. alnifélia L’Her., northern U.S. and northward, Alder- leaved Buckthorn, is called Dwarf Alder. d. R. cathartiea L. (C. cathartica Moench). Europe, northern Africa to middle Asia. Buckthorn, Purging Buckthorn, Hart’s- thorn, Rhineberry, Rain-berry Thorn, Way-thorn; Ger. Kreuz- dorn, Hirschdorn; Fr. Neprun purgatif (Codex); Sp. Ramno catartico, Espina cerval. ruzt, Fructus rhamni cathartici, Baccxe spine cervine, Baccae domestice, hydragogue cathartic; source of sup green and bladder green, used in dyeing. _( Lokao or Chinese green indigo is a similar product obtained from (e) R. tinctoria Waldst. & Kit. (R. chlorophora Decne. ) and (f) R. Dahurica Pal. (R. utilis Decne. ). g. R. Frangula L. (F. vulgaris Reich., F. Alnus Mill. ). Europe, northern Africa to middle Asia, sparingly nat. in U.S. Alder Buckthorn, Black Alder*, European Black Alder, Berry Alder, Arrow-wood, Butcher’s-prick tree, Alder Dogwood, Black Dog- wood; Ger. Faulbaum, Glatter Wegedorn, Pulverholz; Fr. Bourdaine, Bourgéne. Bark: (at least one year vld); Frangula, U.S. P., Rhamni Frangule Cortex, Br.; laxative. Charcoal from the woud is used for gunpowder. h. R. infectoria L. (R. tinctoria Mutel.). Mediterranean region. Fruit French berries, Yellow berries; Ger. Gelbbeeren; Fr. Graines d’ Avignon; yield a green dye. The similar Persian berries and Turkish berries are from (i) R. oleoides L. (R. amygdalina Desf.), and (j) R. saxatilis L., also perhaps other species. k. R. Purshidna DC. Northern Catifornia, northward. Bear- berry tree, Bearwood, Shittim-wood, Cascara Sagrada tree. Bark, Chittam or Chittim bark, Cascara Sagrada, Sacred bark, Purshiana bark, Persian{ bark, Wahoo*; Rhamnus Purshiana, U.S. P.; laxative. The bark of (1) R. Californica Esch., the California Coffee-tree, is also gathered as Cascara Sag- rada. Berries of this have been used as a substitute for Cof- fee. (m) R. Wightii W. & A. of the East Indies yields also a laxative bark. 1722. RHAPHIDOPHYLLA, Wend. & Drude. Sabalaceae. From Greek, ‘‘Rhaphis-leaved”. Syn. Chamerops, in part. A low fan-palm. One species, (a) R. hystrix (Fraser) W. & D., Florida to S. Carolina; Blue Palmetto. 1723. RHEUM, L. Rhubarb. } Polygonaceae. The Greek name, perhaps from Rha the ancient name of ‘the Volga. Stout herbs from thick rootstocks. About 20 species, Asia. a. R. australe D. Don (R. Emodi Wall., R. Webbianum Royle). Himalayan region. Yields medicinal rhuharb. b. R. hybridum Murray. Central Asia. This species may be one of those yielding commercial rhubarb. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 319 e. R. officinale Baill. Central Asia. Chinese Rhubarb plant. Believed to be the source of the best Chinese rhubarb. Root Rhubarb; Rheum, U.S. P., Rhei Radix, Br.; Ger. Rhabarber, Echte Rhabarber; Fr. Rhubarbe de Chine (Codex); Sp. Rui- barbo. Laxative, cathartic, but also astringent. d. R. palmatum L. Central Asia, cult. in Europe. Rhubarb plant. Source of the Russian rhubarb formerly highly valued and of some of the European rhubarb; Fr. Rhubarbe de Mos- covie (Codex). Properties of (c). e. R. Rhapénticum L. Eastern Europe and central Asia. Rha- pontic Rhubarb, Pie-plant, Wine Rhubarb; Ger. Rhapontik- rhabarber, Inliandische Rhabarber, Fr. Rhapontic (Codex, employed only in veterinary medicine). Root, Radix rhei indi- geni v. nostratis. Roots constitute French, English and Hun- garian rhubarb which are inferior to Chinese rhubarb. Leaf stolks esculent. Some other species, as (f) R. undulétum L. and (g) R. Tataricum L. fil. are used in a similar manner. 1724. RHEXIA, K. = Meadow-Beauty. Melastomaceae. A Greek plant name, meaning ‘‘brittle’’. Perennial herbs with showy flowers. About 10 species, all in U. 8. a. R. virginica L. Eastern U.S. Meadow-beauty, Deer-grass, Handsome-Harry. 1725. RHINACANTHUS, Nees. Rhinacanthus. Acanthaceae. From Greek, ‘‘nose Acanthus’’, alluding to shape of flower. Shrubs. About 6 species, natives of India. a. R. communis Nees. (Justicia nasuta L.). India to China. Ringworm-root. Leaves and roof, containing rhinacanthin, used for cure of ringworm. 1726. RHINANTHUS, L. Rattle-box, etc. Scrophulariaceae. From Greek, ‘‘nose flower’. Herbs. About 3 species, northern hemisphere; 1 in U. S. a. R. Crista-Galli L. [R. minor Erhr. (Kew)]. Northern Europe, Asia and N. America. Rattle, Rattle-box, Yellow or Penny Rattle, Penny-grass, Rattle-bags, Money-grass, Yellow Cockscomb. Plant insecticide. 1727, RHIZOPHORA, G Mangrove. Rhizophoraceae. From Greek, ‘‘root bearing’’. Trees with aerial roots. About 3 species, tropical coasts and river margins; 1 in U.S. «a R. Mangle L. (R. racemosa Mever, IR. Americana Nutt.). Florida, and on tropical shores generally. Mangrove, Mangue, Red Mangrove (a variety); Fr. Manglier. Bark astringent, febrifuge, used in dyeing and tanning. 1728. RHODODENDRON, L. — Rose-Bay, etc. —_Ericaceae. From Greek, ‘‘rose tree’’, name originally applied to the Oleander. Evergreen shrubs, with showy flowers. About 100 species, northern hemisphere, especially in Asia; 10 in U. 8. a. R. Catawbiénse Michx. Virginia to Georgia. Mountain Rose-bay, Catawba or Carolina Rhododendron. Highly orna- mental. 320 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS b. R. chrysanthemnm Pall. Siberia. Yellow Rhododendron, Siberian Rose, Snow Rose; (er. Sibirische Alpenrose. Leaves diuretic, narcotic. (c) R. ferrugineum L., Europe, Dwarf Rose-bay, has similar properties. d. R. maximum L. Canada to Georgia. (reat Laurel, Rose- bay, Wild Rose-bay, Rose Laurel, Big Laurel, Big-leaf Laurel, Deer Laurel, Horse or Mountain Laurel, Cow-plant, Spoon- hutch. Properties of (b). Wood used for engraving. 1729. RHODORA, L. Rhodora, Lamb-kill. Ericaceae. From Greek rhodon, a ‘‘rose’’ Syn. Rhododendron, in part. A shrub with deciduous leaves. One species. (a) R. Cana- dénsis L. (Rhododendron Rhodora J. F. Gmel.). Canada and northeastern U. 8. 1730. RHUS, L. 1753. Sumac (Sumach), etc. Anacardiaceae. The ancient Greek name. Syn. Toxicodendron, Mill. 1759; Metopium, Styphonia, in part. Shrubs or trees with odd-pin- nate or trifoliate leaves, many poisonous. About 120 species, warmer regions, especially of S. Africa; 19 in U.S. a. R. aromatica Ait. (T. crenatum Mill., R. Canadensis Marsh, not Mill.). Canada and eastern U. S. Fragrant Sumac, Sweet-scented Sumac. Root bark astringent, a remedy in eneuresis. a . R. Coridria L. Europe. European Sumac, Tanner’s Sumac; Ger. Sumach, Schmack. ° R. glabra L. (T. glabra Mill.). British America, south to Florida and Arizona. Smooth Sumac, Mountain or Upland Sumac, Scarlet or Sleek Sumac, ennsvlvania or White Sumac, Senhalanac, Sumach, Shve-maket, Vinegar tree. Fruit; Rhus glabra, U. 8. P., astringent, acidulous. d. R. hirta (L.) Sudw. (Datisca hirta L. 1753, R. typhina L. 1760). Canada and eastern U.S. Staghorn Sumac, Staghorn, American or Hairy Sumac, Virginia or Velvet Sumac, Vinegar tree. Properties of (c). The smaller (e) R. copallina L. of the eastern U. 8. is called Dwarf, Black, Upland or Mountain Sumac. The Californian (f) R. integrifélia B. & H. (8. integrifolia Nutt.) is called Mahogany*. Leaves and bark of most species of Rhus are used in tanning. a5 . R. Metopium L. (M. Linnea Engelm.,R. oxymetopium Griseb. ). Florida to West Indies and 8. America. Mountain Manchineel, Coral Sumac, Bum-wood. Poison-wood. Properties of (h). Gummy exudate, hog gum, doctor’s gum, emeto-cathartic. h. R. rddicans L. (R. Toxicodendron Auct. (Kew), not L., T. vulgare Mill. ). British America south to Florida, Arkansas and Utah. Poison Ivy, Climbing or Three-leaved Ivy, Climath, Climbing or Trailing Sumac, Black Mereury, Markeryt, Mark- weed, Picry, Poison Oak, Poison-vine; Ger. Giftsumac, Gift- baum; Fr. Sumach vénéneux; Sp. Zumaque venenoso. Fresh leaves; Rhus Toxicodendron, U. S. P., Folia toxicodendri: diaphoretic, diuretic, stimulant to nervoussystem. The Poison SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 321 Oak of California, called also Yeara, is (i) R. diversiloba T. & Gr. (R. lobata Hook., not Poir.), The Poison Oak of the southern States is the more shrubby (j) R. Toxicodéndron L. (T. magnum Sneud. ), the three species active skin poisons. k. R. semialata Murr. China, Japan, nat. in Hawaiian Islands: Chinese Sumac. Excrescences on the leaves are the Chinese Nut-galls. ‘The Japanese nutgalls are a similar product from (1) R. Japoénica Sieb. m. R. succedinea L. Japan. Japanese Wax-tree. Fruit, source of Japan vegetable wax. (n) R. Chinénsis Mill. in China furnishes a similar wax. o. R. vernieifera DC. (R. Vernix Thunb. not L.). Japan. Japanese Varnish tree, Lacquer tree. Lxudate constitutes Japanese lacquer. p. R. Vérnix L. (R. venenata DC. (Kew), T. pinnatum Mill.). Ontario and eastern U. 8. Poison Sumac, Swamp Sumac, Poison tree, Poison Elder, Poison Ash, Poison Dogwood, Swamp Dogwood. Properties of (h). 3 1731. RHYNCHOSIA, Lour. 1790. Red-bead vine. Papilionaceae. From Greek, “snout”, alluding to keel of corolla. Syn. Dolicholus, Medic. 1787; Glycine, Trifolium, in part. Peren- nial herbs. About 100 species, warmer regions; 14 in U. 8. (a) R. phaseoloides DU. (R. prevatoria DC.) of tropical America is the Mexican Rosary plant or Red-bead vine. 1732. RIBES, L. (Ribesium). Currant. etc. Grossulariaceae. Name of uncertain origin. Syn. Gsrossularia, Adans. Shrubs producing berries generally edible. About 60 species, north temperate zone, especially of New World and S. America; 47 in U. S. a. R. atreum Pursh. U.S. west of the Mississippi. Buffalo Currant, Flowering Currant,;Clove Currant, Golden or Missouri Currant. b. R. Cyndésbati L. (G. Cynosbati Mill.). Canada to N. Carolina, west to Missouri and Manitoba. Wild Gooseberry, Prickly Wild Gooseberry, Dogberry. Jruit esculent. The Northern Gooseberry is (c) R. oxyacantheoides L. (R.hirtellum Michx.), British America, south to Ohio and Colorado; Smooth Wild Gooseberry, Hawthorn Gooseberry. The Eastern Wild Goose- berry or Smooth Gooseberry is (d) R. rotundifélium Michx.,, Massachusetts to N. Carolina. e. R. nigrum L. (G. nigra Mill.). Europe. European Black Currant, Blackberry*, Quinsv-berry; Ger. Gichtbeere, Ald- beere; Fr. Cassis (Codex). Leaves diuretic. Fruit antiscor- butic. The American Wild Black Currant is (f) R. fléridum L’Her. (R. Pennsylvanicum Lam.), Canada to Kentucky, west to Nebraska. The Northern Wild Black Currant is. (g) R. Hudsonidnum Richards, British America to Colorado. 322 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS h. BR. ribrum L. (R. albinervum Michx.). Europe, Asia and N. America, south to New Jersey, Indiana and Minnesota. Red Currant, Garnet-berry, Raspberryt, Wine-berry, Raisin tree, Rizzles, Rizzer-berry, Garden Currant; acultivated variety 18 White Currant [The name Currant (i. e. Corinthian) was first applied to the seedless grape. See Vitis]; Ger. Johannis- beere; Fr. Groseillier rouge (Codex). Fruit, Ribia rubra, Ribesia rubra, acidulous, refrigerant, esculent. i. BR. Uva-crispa L. (R. Grossularia L. (Kew), G. Uva-crispa Mill. ). Europe and Asia, cult. and nat. in U.S. Garden Goose berry, Feaberry (i. e. Feverberry), Fayberry, Feabes, Fabes, Fapes, Grozet or Groserts (Scotland) Gozelle, Goggles, Gaskins, Goose-gogs, Carberry, Cat-berry, Day-berry, Eat-berry, Wine- berry, Honey-blob, Tea-berry, Berry tree; Ger. Krauselbeere, Stachelbeere; Fr. Groseille. Fruit esculent. 1788. RICHARDIA, L. not Kunth. (Ricardia). Rubiaceae. Syn. Richardsonia (Kew), Kunth 1818. Herbs. About 8 species, warmer regions of New World; 2in U. 8S. See Zante- deschia. a R. scdbra L. (R. pilosa R. & P., Richardsonia pilosa H. B. K. (Kew), Richardsonia scabra St Hil.). Brazil, nat. in south- ern U.S. Mexican Clover, Spanish or Florida Clover, Water Parsley*. Root, Undulated or Farinaceous Ipecacuanha, eme- tic. Plant valued for pasture and fodder. Another Ipecacu- anha (small striated ) is believed to be derived from a Richardia. 1784. RICINELLA, C. & F. Ricinella. Euphorbiaceae. Hepes diminutive from ‘‘Ricinus’’. One species in western 1735. RICINUS, L. Castor Bean Euphorbiaceae. Latin, from ancient Greek name of the plant, the name being applied also to an insect (tick) which resembles the seeds of this plant. Syn. Cataputia, Ludw. 1760. Herbaceous shrub, in warm climates even arborescent. One exceedingly variable species, Africa and Asia. a. R. communis L. (R. vulgaris Mill, R. medicus Forsk., C. minor Ludw.). Southern Asia, nat. in all tropical countries, as in the southern U. 8. Castor-oil plant, Palma Christi, Mexico seed, Man’s-mother-wort, Oil-seed, Oil-nut, Svedfast; Ger. Wunderbaum; Fr. Ricin (Codex); Oil from the seeds, Cas- tor oil; Oleum ricini, U. S. P., Oleum palm Christi, Oleum castoris; cathartic. Leaves galactagogue. 1786. RIGIOPAPPUS, Gray. Rigiopappus. _ Compositae. Fir Crakk, “sti pappus’’. Slender annual with yellow flowers. One species, Pacific border of U. S. 1737. RIV{NA, L. (Rivinia). Hoop-withe. Phytolaccaceae. Named for A. Q. Rivinus, German botanist d. 1723. Herbs, somewhat shrubby. About 10 species, warmer regions New World; 2 in U. S. ‘a. R. humilis L. W. Indies and southeastern U.S. Blood-berry, Rouge-berry, Rouge plant. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR, 323 4738. ROBLINLA, L. Locust tree. Papilionaceae. Named for Jean and Vespasien Robin, royal gardeners, Paris, 17th Century. Syn. Pseudv-Acacia, Medic. Trees or shrubs with showy flowers in racemes. About 6 species, N. America; tin U8. a R. Pseudaeacia L. (P. vulgaris Medic., P. odorata Moench. ). Southeastern U.S. aud much planted as a shade and timber tree. Locust tree, Yellow Locust, Black or Common Locust, Post or White Locust, Honey Locust*, North American Locust tree, Pea-tlower Locust, Bastard or False Acacia, Silver-chaing, White Laburnum, Whya tree; Ger. Falsche Acazie; Fr. Robi- nier. Bark of root tonic, emetic, narcotic. Tinber strong and durable. Other indigenous species are (b) R. hispida L. (P. hispida Moench), Rose Acacia, Moss Locust, Bristly Locust, and (c) R. visedsa Vent., Clammy Locust, Red-flowering or Rose- flowering Locust, Rose Acacia*. 1789. ROCCELLA, Dc. Archil, ete. Parmeliaceae. Probably from the Italian, Orcella. Lichens. a. R. tinetoria Ach. Mediterranean region, Canary Islands, Azores, ete. Archil Lichen, Orchil, Orchella, Canary Moss, Dyer’s Moss, Cape-weed. From this and (b) R. fusiformis Ach., Angola-weed, Mauritius-weed, Flat Archil or Orchil, is obtained litmus, See Lecanora. 1740. ROMANZOFFIA. Cham. ( Romanzovia). Hydrophyllaceae. Named for Count Nicholas Romanzoth Delicate pale herbs. Two known species, Alaska to California. 1741, ROMNEYA, Harv. Romneya. Papaveraceae. Glaucous herb. One species, Califognia. 1742. RORIPA, Scop. 1760 (originally Rorippa). Cruciferae. Syn. Nasturtium, R. Br. 1812; Armoracia. Sisymbrium, Coch- learia, Neobeckia, in part. Herbs, more or less pungent. About 25 species, mostly of north temperate zone; 22 in U. 8. a R. Armomicia (L.) A. S. Hitchcock (C. Armoracia L. (Kew), N. Armoracia Fries., A. sativa Bernh.). Europe, cult. and nat. in U.S. Horseradish; Ger. Meerrettig; Fr. Raifort. Cran de Bretagne, Moutarde des moines; Sp. Rabano rusticano. Fresh root pungent, diuretic, condiment. b. R. Nasturtium (L.) Rusby (S. Nasturtium L.,N. officinale R. Br.). Europe, northern Asia, nat. in U. 8S. and widely else- where. Water-cress, Common or True Water-crese (Crashes, Carsous, Kars. Karse), Brown Cress, Water-grass (Ireland), Water-kers, Well-grass, Brook-lime, Eker. Tengtongues; Ger. Brunnenkresse; Fr. Cresson de fontaine (Codex); Sp. Berro. Fresh plant antiscorbutic, used for salad. « R. palistris (L.) Bess. (S. amphibinm var. palustre L., N. palustre DC. (Kew), N. terrestre R. Br.). Europe, -Asia and N. America. Marsh or Yellow Water-cress, Yellow Wood- cress, Bell-ragges. This and other species have properties of (b). 324 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS 1748. ROSA, L. Rose. Rosaceae. The ancient Latin name from the Greek. Erect or climbing shrubs. ‘A large genus. Northern hemisphere, 23 in U.S. a. R. canina L. Europe, northern Asia, nat. in U.S. Dog Rose, Canker Rose, Canker blooms (Shakespere), Wild Brier, Bird Brier, Cat-whin, Hip Brier, Brere Ruse, Bramble Rose, Horee Bramble, Hip-tree, Hedge-peak, Lawyers, Soldiers, Bedeguar Rose; Ger. Hundsrose; Fr. Rosier sauvage, Eglan- tier sauvage (Codex). Fruit (of this and allied species), Hips, Rose-hips; Rose Canine Fructus Br.,Cynosbata, Fructus cynos- bati, Cynorrhoda; Ger. Hagebutten, Hahnebutten, Hainbutten; Fr. Cynorrhodon (Codex); astringent, refrigerant. Excrescence from puncture of insect, Rose-gall, Bedeguar, Galle rose. Fungus cynosbati, astringent. b. R. centifélia L. Western Asia, widely cult. Hundred-leaved Rose, Cabbage Rose, Provence Rose, etc.; Ger. Centifolienrose: Fr. Rose & cent feuilles, Rose pale (Codex). Petals, Rose-leaves: Rosa Centifolia, U.S. P., Rosae Centifoliae Petala, Br., Flores rose P. G., Flores rose pallide v. incarnate. Source of oil of rose, which is prepared also from petals of (c) and (e). c. R. Damascéna Mill. [Perhaps not distinct from (b)]. Orient. Damascus or Damask Rose; Fr. Rose de Damas, Rose des quatre saisons, Rose de Pureaux (Codex). d. R. Gallica L. Southern Europe and the Levant, also cult. in gardens. French Rose, Dutch Rose, Red Rose; Ger. Essigrose, Sammtrose, Zuckerrose; Fr. Rose rouge, Rose de Provins (Co- dex). Petals (or unexpanded flower buds), Red-rose leaves: Rosa Gallica, U. S. P., Rose Gallice Petala, Br., Flores rose rubre v. domesticep; astringent. e. R. moschata Mill. North Africa and south Asia, largely grown at Kesanlik. Musk Rose, source of the Kesanlik (Kis- anlik) attar of rose. f. R. rubiginosa L. (R. micrantha Bor., R. Eglanteria Mill. not Europe to central Asia, nat. locally in U. S. Sweet Brier (Breer), Eglantine (Shakespere and Spenser), Eglantine Rose, Eglantere, Hip Brier, Kitchen Rose. Foliage fragrant. The more important of our indigenous species (Wild Rose are, (g) R. Carolina L., Swamp Base, Hip ae (hb) =) humilis Marsh (R. parviflora Erhr), Pasture Rose, Dwarf or Low Wild Rose, the common Wild Rose of eastern U. §.: (i) R. bldnda Ait., Pale, Smooth or Meadow Rose; (j) R. nitida Willd., Shining or Northeastern Rose; (k) R. setigera Michx., Prairie Rose, Michigan Rose (although rare in Mich- igan), Climbing Wild Rose. Naturalized from China in south- eastern U.S. is (1) R. laevigata Michx (R. Sinica Ait ) Cherokee Rose, Jamaica Buckthorn. ee 1744. ROSMARINUS, L. Rosemary. Labiatae. The Latin name, meaning ‘‘sea dew’’ Shrub. One species, Mediterranean region. - SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 325 a. R. officinilis L. Mediterranean region, cult. in gardens. Rosemary, Garden Rosemary, Old-man; Ger. Rosmarin, Meer- thau; Fr. Romarin (Codex); Sp. Romero. Leaves; + osmari- nus, U.S P., Folia rosmarini, Fol. roris marini, Fol. anthos; diaphoretic, carminative, emmenagogue. Source of oil of Rose- mary. 1745. ROTALA, L. - Rotala. - Lythraceae. From Latin, “wheel’’, alluding to whorled leaves of some species. Syn. Ausmannia, Boykinia, in bate Low annuals. About 30 species, warmer regions; 1 in U. 1746. ROTHROCKIA, Gray. Rothrockia. Aselepiadaceae One species in western Us. 1747. ROUBIEVA, Mog. Cut-leaved Goose-foot. Chenopodiaceae. Named for G. J. Robieu, French botanist. Syn. Chenopo- dium, in part. A strong-scented herb. One species, tropical America, adv. in U. 8. 1748. ROULINIA, Decne.,not Brogn. Roulinia. Asclepiadaceae. Twining herbs, About 12 species, tropical America; 1 in .Ss. 1749. RUBIA, L. Madder plant. Rubiaceae. The Latin’ name, from ruber, ‘‘red’’ Perennial herbs from thickened roots. About 40 species, temperate and warm regions, both hemispheres. a. R. tinctérum L. Mediterranean region. Madder plant, War- ence; Ger. Krapp, Farberrithe; Fr. Garance (Codex); Sp. Granza. Root, Dyer’s Madder, vieldsa red dye, as does that of (b) R. cordifolia L. (R. Mungista Roxb. ), of eastern Asia and Japan, Munjeet. 1750. RUBUS, L. Blackberry, ete. Rosaceae. The ancient Latin name, from ruber, “‘red’’. Herbs, shrubs or trailing vines, generally prickly. About 250 species, widely distributed; 3lin U.S. a. R. Americinus (Pers.) Brit. (R. saxatilis var. Canadensis Michx., R. triflorus Rich.). Canada and northeastern U.S Dwarf Raspberry, Dewberry, Mulberry*, Pigeon-berry, Run- ning Raspberry, Swamp-berry. b. R. Canadénsis L. Canada to Virginia, Louisiana and Indian Territory. Low Running Blackberry, Dewberry (of eastern U.S. ), Creeping Blackberry. See (p). The Dewberry of the southern U. 8. 1s (c) R. trividlis Michx., called also Low- bush Blackberry. Similar to these is (d) R. cuniefolius Pursh, Southeastern U. S., Sand Blackberry, Low or Knee high Blackberry. The Dewberry of Europe is (e) R. eaésius L., called also Blackberry-token ‘and Blue Bramble. f. R. Chamaemorus L. Northern Europe, Asia and N. America, south to New Hampshire, Cloud-berry, Averin, Knot-berry, Knout-berry, Dwarf Mulberry, Mountain Bramble, Mountain Raspberry, Baked-apple-berry. 326 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS g. R. fruticésus L. Europe, north Africa to central and northern Asia. Common Bramble (Brammle, Brimble, Brumble, Brum- mel) or Blackberry of the Old World, Black-boyd or Black- bide (Scotland), Bumble-berry, Ever-bramble, Gait-berry, Lady’s-garters, Mulberry Bramble, Scald-berry, Theve Thorn, Theif; Ger. Brombeere; Fr. Ronce sauvage (Codex), Ronce noir; Sp. Zarzamora. See (p). h. R. Idaéus L. Europe, west to Japan. European Raspberry, Aroberry, Hainberry, Hindberry, Sivven; Ger. Himbeere; Fr. Framboise (Codex); Sp. Frambuesa, Sanguesa. Fruit; Rubus Idaeus, U.S. P. Allied to this is the American (i) R. occi- dentalis L. (R. Idaeus var. Americanus Torr.), Black Rasp- berry, Black-cap, Wild Purple Raspberry, Blackberry*, the original of the cultivated Gregg and Hilborn raspberries. The California Raspberry is (j) R. leucodérmis Dougl. See (n). k. R. odordtus L. Canada to Georgia and Tennessee. Flower- ing Raspberry, Purple or Rose Flowering-raspberry, Thimble- berry, Mulberry*, in England called Virginia Raspberry. Similar to this are (1) R. parviflérus Nutt. (R. Nutkanue Mocino), British America and northern U. S., Salmon-berry, Thimble-berry, White Flowering-raspberry, and (m) R. spec- tabilis Pursh, the Salmon-berry of California. a. R. strigésus Michx. (R. Idaeus var. strigosus Maxim.). Brit- ish America, south to N. Carolina and New Mexico. Wild Red Raspberry, American Red Raspberry, the original of the cultivated Cuthbert and Hansal] raspberries. The Purple Wild Raspberry of northeastern U. 8. is (o) R. negléctus Peck, whence the cultivated Carolina and G)adstone raspberries. p. R. villésus Ait. Eastern U. S. American Blackberry or Bramble High-bush Blackberry, Finger-berry, Thimble-berry*, Cloud-berry*, Sow-tit. Fruit esculent. Bark of root of this, also (b) and (c), Blackberry root; Rubus, U.S. P., astringent. The Mountain Blackberry of the northeastern U. S., with lar- ger fruit, is (q) R. Alleghaniénsis Porter (R. villosus var. montanus Porter, not R. montanus Ort.). The California Blackberry is(r) R. wrsinus Cham. & Sch. See(b), (c), (d), (e) and (g). 1751. RUDBECKIA, L. ’ Cone-flower. Compositae. Named for Olans Rudbeck, founder of botanic garden at Upsala d. 1702. Coarse herbs with showy yellow-rayed flowers. About 27 species, N. America; 22in U. &., especially south- western. . a. R. hirta L. Western prairies, nat. in eastern U.S. Black- eyed-Susan, Brown-eyed Susan, Yellow Daisy, Brown-Daisy, Nigger Daisy, Ox-eye Daisy*, Golden-Jerusalem, N igger-head, Brown-Betty, English Bull’s-eye. b. R. lacinidta L. Canada and eastern U.S. Thimble-weed, Tall or Green-headed Cone-flower, Cone-disk Sunflower; Double. variety in cultivation, Golden-glow. Plant diuretic, tonic. c. R. triloba L. New Jersey to Georgia, west to Missouri. Thin- leaved Cone-flower, Brown-eyed Susan. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 327 1762. RUELLIA, L. Ruellia. Acanthaceae. Nawed for Jean Ruel, French herbalist, d. 1537. Syn. Dip- teracanthus, in part. Herbs or shrubs with showy flowers. About 200 species, tropical, mainly of New World; 9 in U. S. 1753. RUMEX, L. Dock, ete. Polygonaceae. The ancient Latin name, “‘lance’’, from form of leaf. Syn. Acetosella, Acetosa, in part. Robust herbs, some shrubby. About 130 species; 28 in U. S., including naturalized species. a R. Acetésa L. (Acetosa magna Gililb., A. officinalis Gueld., A. pratensis Mill.). Europe, Asia, British America, nat. in U. 8. Sorrel, Cock Sorrel. English Cock Sorrel, Green or Meadow Sorrel, Bread-and-Cheese, Donkey’s-oats, Kitchen Sorrel. Gin- ger-sauce, Ginger Sorrel, Redshanks, Sharp Dock, French Scurock (Sourack, Sarock, Sooracks, Sorrow), Sour-grass, Sour-sauce (Sour-sabs, Sour-suds); Ger. Sauerampfer; Fr. Oseille commune (Codex); Sp. Acedera. Root astringent. Leaves acidulous, refrigerant, used as a pot herb, as are those of (b) R. luxtrians L. in Africa. e. R. Acetosélla L- ( Acetosella vulgaris Four., Acetosa Acetosella Mill.\. Europe, Asia and N. America. Sheep Sorrel, Field Sorrel, Horse or Cow Sorrel, Common or Gentleman’s Sorrel, Mountain or Red-top Sorrel, Toad’s Sorrel, Ranty-tanty, Sour Dock, Sour-grass, Sour Leek, Green-sauce, Red-weed. Pro- perties of (a). French Sorrel is the allied (d) R. scutdtus L. (Acetosa scutata Mill.). e. R. erispus L. British America and U. 8. throughout. Yel- low Dock, Curled Dock, Narrow Dock, Sour Dock*. Root ‘‘of this and other species, notably (g) and (h)’’; Bumex, U.S. P., Rad. rumicis, Rad. lapathi a uti v. oxylapathi v. hydrolapathi; Fr. Grindwurzel, Wassermangoldwurzel; Fr. Patience (Codex ); astringent, alterative, laxative, resen. bling rhubarb. ‘ f. R. hymenosépalus Torr. Texas to Arizona and Mexico, now extensively cult. Canaigre, Wild Pie-plant. Roots used for tanning, astringent. g. R. obtusifélius L. Europe and Asia, nat. in U. S._ Bitter Dock, Common Dock (of England) Broad-leaved or Blunt- leaved Dock, Butter Dock (leaves formerly used for wrapping butter), Celery-seedt. Properties of (e), the species most used in Europe. (h) R. sanguineus L. Europe, adv. in U.S. Bloody Dock, Bloedwort, Red-veined Dock, Olcott-root, is also used, and in Europe (i) R. aquaticus L. and (j) R. Hydro- lapathum Huds. k. R, Patiéntia L. Europe, nat. locally inU.S. Patience Dock, Passionst, Garden Patience, Monk’s Rhubarb. The latter name is given in Scotland to (1) R. alpinus L., called also Moun- tain Rhubarb. 1754. RUPPIA, L. Ditch-grass, ete. Naiadaceae. Named for H. B. Rupp, German botanist, 18th Century. Slender-stemmed aquatic plants. About 4 species, widely dis- tributed; 2in U. S. 328 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS a. R. maritima L. (RB. spiralis L., R. rostellata K. B.). Brack- ish and salt water, widely distributed. Ditch-grass, Tassel- grass, Tassel Pond-grass, ‘Tassel Pondweed, Sea-grass. Plant reputed vulnerary. 1755. RUSCUS, L. Butcher's Broom. Liliaceae. The ancient Latin name of (a). Evergreen plants, but with- out true leaves. About 5 species, Europe and northern Africa. a. R. aculedtus L. (R. flexuosus Mill.). Mediterranean region to middle Europe. Butcher’s Broom, Sweet Broom, Box Holly, Knee Holly, Knee Holm or Hulver, Bruscus, Horxe-tongue, Pettigree, Prickly Box, Shepherd’s Myrtle, Wild or Jew’s Myrtle; Ger. Mausdorn; Fr. Petit Houx, Fragon épineux (Codex). Root diuretic. Shools eaten like asparagus. 1756. RUTA, L. Rue. Rutaceae. Latin, from Greek name of (a). Heavy-scented perennial herbs. About 50 species, Mediterranean region to central Asia. a. R, gravéolens L. Southern Europe to the Orient. Rue, Gar- den Rue, Herb-of-grace (Shakespere), Ave-grace, Hérb-of-re- entance, Countryman’s Treacle; Ger. Raute, Gartenraute: Fr. ue (Codex); Sp. Ruda, Leaves antispasmodic, emmenagogue, anthelmintic. 1757. SABAL, Adans. Palmetto. Sabalaceae. _ From vernacular, Mexico orS. America. Syn. Chamaerops, Corypha, in part. Fan Palms. About 7 species, New World; 4in U.S a. S. Palmétto (Walt.) R. & S. (Cor. Palmetto Walt., Cham. Palmetto Michx.). N. Carolina to Florida and Bermuda Islands. Cabbage Palmetto, Palmetto. b. S. Mexicdnium Mart. (S. umbraculiferum Hort., not Mart.). Texas to Mexico and West Indies. Texas Palmetto, Royal Palmetto, Big-thatch, Bull-thatch. Our largest species. 1758. SABBATIA, Adans. Marsh Pink, etc. Gentianaceae, Named for L. Sabbati, Italian botanist. Swn. Chironia, Gentiana, Swertia, in part. Annual or biennial herbs with pink, red or white flowers, some highly ornamental. About 14 species, all in southern U.S. and Mexico. a. §. anguldéris (L.) Pursh (C. angularis L.). Eastern U. 8. American Centaury, American Red Centaury, Bitter-bloom, Bitter Clover, Rose Pink, Pink-bloom, Squire-stemmed Sabba- tiaZ; Ger. Sabbatie; Fr. Centaurée americaine. Herb bitter tonic. Similar properties helong to other species, notably (b). S. Elliottii Steud. (Swertia difformis L., Sab. paniculata Ell, not Pursh). Quinine-fower, Quinine-plant, Quinine-herb. 1759. SACCHARUM, L. (Saccharifera). Gramineae. Latin word for sugar, from the Sanskrit. Compare jaggery, the palm sugar of Hindustan. Robust grasses with solid culms, About 12 species, Old World. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 329 a. §. officintrum L. (8. officinale Salisb., Saccharifera officinalis Stokes). Southern Asia, now cult. in all tropical countries. Sugar Cane. The most important of sugar-yielding plants. 1760. SAGERETIA, Brong. Tia. Rhamnaceae. Named for Augustin Sageret, d. 1852. Shrubs. About 15 species, warmer regions of Asia and N. America; 2 in U. S. a. S. théezans Brongn. China. Tia. Leaves used by poorer classes for tea. 1761. SAGINA, L. Pearlwort, Pearl-weed. Caryophyllaceae. The ancient name of Spurry. Syn. Spergula, in part. Low herbs. About 10 species, northern hemisphere; 8 in U. 8.; Ger, Vierling; Fr. Sagine. a. §. prectmbens L. Europe, Asiaand N. America. Procum- bent Pearlwort, Bird’s-eye, Break-stone, Make-beggar, Poverty. 1762. SAGITTARIA, L. Arrow-head. “Alismaceae. From Latin, ‘arrow’ leaf. Syn. Alisma, in part. Scapose aquatic or paludal herbs. About 80 species, warm and temper- ate regions; 25 in U.S. Typical species are, in America, (a) S. latifélia Willd. (S. variabilis Engelm.) and in Europe, (b) S. sagittaefélia L. The names Water-archer and Ad- der’s-tongue are applied to some species. In California the tubers of (a) or a kindred species were formerly used as food by the aborigines under the name of Wappate or Wapatoo, called also Tule root. 1763. SALICORNIA, L. Glasswort, Saltwort. Chenopodiaceae. From Latin, ‘‘salt horn’’, the plant growing in asaline habi- tat and having horn-like branches. Fleshy plants, practically l-afless. About 10 species; 3 in U.S.; Ger. Glasschmalz; Fr. Salicorne. ‘a. S. herbacea L. Saline soil throughout U. S. as in Europe and Asia. Common Glasswort (the ash, barilla, formerly used in the manufacture of glass), Marsh samphire (Sampion), Slender or Jointed Glasswort, Chicken’s-toes, Crab-grass, Frog-grass, Marsh Tea, Pickle-plant, Saltwort, Sea-grass, English Sea- grape, Swy. Stems used for pickles. 1764. SALIX, L. Willow. Salicaceae. The ancient Latin name. Trees or shrubs, mostly with nar- row leaves. About 160 species, mostly of north temperate and arctic regions; 75 in U.S. Synonyms are Sally (i. e. Salix), Sallow, Salghe, Selly, Seel, Saugh, Soafs, Saff, Willey, Wilf, Wiffs, Widdy, Withy, Wythy; Ger. Weide; Fr. Saule; Sp. Sauce, Sauz. ‘a. S. alba L. Europe to middle Asia, nat. in U. S. White Wil- low, Common European Willow, Duck Willow, Huntington Willow. Varietv vitelina (L.) Koch is Golden Osier, Cane Withy, Yellow Willow. Bark, Salix, U. 8. P., Cortex salicis; Ger. Weidenrinde; Fr. Saule blanc (Codex). Medicinal wil- low bark is obtained also from (g) and (1), likewise from (b) S. pentindra L., (c) S. ribra L., and from other species; bitter, tonic; active constitutent Salicin. 330 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS d. 8. Babyléniea L. Asia, nat. in Europe and U. 8. Weeping Willow, Drooping or Ring Willow, Garb. e. S. discolor Muhl. Canada and northeastern U.S. Glaucous Willow, Pussy Willow, Bog, Swamp or Silver Willow. Cat- kins of this and some other species called Pussy-cats, in Eng- land Geslings, Lamb’s-tails, Pawns (i. e. palms), ete. f. 8. fluviatilis Nutt. (8S. longifolia Muhl.). British America to. Kentucky and New Mexico. Sand-bar Willow, River-bank Willow, Long-leaf or Narrow-leaved Willow, Osier or Red Wil- low, Shrub or White Willow. . g. S. frdgilis L. Southwestern Asia, Europe, nat. in U.S. Crack Willow, Brittle Willow, Snap or Redwood Willow, Varnished. Willow. Bark very rich in salicin. h. S. nigra Marsh. (S. Purshiana Spreng). Canada to Florida and California. Black Willow, Pussy Willow, Swamp Willow. Bark and ‘‘buds’’ bitter tonic, anaphrodisiaec. Other indigenous. species called Black Willow are (i) 8. laevigata Bebb- (ji) S. lasidndra Benth. and (k) S. Wardii Bebb. L 8. purptrea L. Europe and Asia, nat. in U. S. Bitter Wil- low, Basket Willow, Purple Willow, Rose or Whipcord Wil- low, Osier. See (a). . m. 8. vimindlis L. Europe and Asia, cult. and nat. in U. S. Osier Willow, Osier (Ausier, Auger), Common or Velvet Osier, Basket Willow, Twig-withy, Withy-twig, Wilgers. Twigs ferent used for baskets, etc. Other Osier Wiliows are (a), (P),, (1), also (n) 8. amygdalfma L. and (0) S. rubra udson, : 1765. SALAZARIA, Tor. (Salizaria). Labiatae. Named for Don José Salazar y Larrequi, Mexican Commis- sioner of Boundary Survey. Shrubby plant. One species, Mexican border of U. 8. 1766. SALPICHROA, Miers 1845. (Salpichroma). Solanaceae. From Greek, ‘‘colored trumpet’’, alluding to the corolla. Syn. Busbeckia, Mart. 1829. Herbs. About 10 species, mostly of S. America; 1 in Arizona. 1767. SALSOLA, L. Saltwort, Glasswort. Chenopodiaceae. The Latin name, ‘‘salt soil’. Syn. Kali, Adans., Soda, in part. Herbs with aculeate-pointed leaves. About 50 species, saline districts; 2 in U. S. a. §. Kali L. (K. Soda Moench, K. Tragus Scop.). Euro Asia and Atlantic coast of U.S. Prickly Saeee: Salar (Sowdwort), Salt-grape, Sea-grape, Sea-thrift, Eestrige, Kelp- wort, Prickly Glasswort, Sparrow’s-dung. Ash of the plant (barilla), as also thatof(b) S$. Séda L. (K. Soda Scop., Soda inermis Four.), Glasswort, of Mediterranean region, formerly a source of soda. ce. S. Tragus L. (8 Kali var. Tragus Mog.). Europe and Asia. nat. in U.S. Russian Thistle, Russian Cactus. , SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 331 1768. SALVADORA, L. Salvadora. Salvadoraceae. Named for J. Salvador, Spanish botanist. Shrubs or trees. About 3 species, southern Asia and northern Africa. a, 8. Pérsica L. Asia. Tooth-brnsh tree. Believed to be the Mustard-tree of Scripture. Seeds yield Kikuel oil. 1769. SALVIA, L. Salvia, Sage. Labiatae. The Latin name, “‘healing’’. Herbs, some shrubs, with flowers often showy. About 500 species, temperate and tropi- cal regions; 33 in U. S. a. S. axillaris Sesse. Mexico. Mexican Hyssop. b. S. officindlis L. Europe, widely cult. and nat. Garden Sage, Sage, Save; Ger. Salbei; Fr. Sauge officinale (Codex); Sp. Sal- via. Leaves; Salvia, U. S. P., Folia salvis; stimulant, tonic, astringent. The Meadow Sage of Europe, (c) 8. praténsis. L.; Ger. Wiesensalbei, has similar properties. d. S. Seldrea L. Europe, cult. and adv. in U. 8. Clary, Clear- eye, Godes-eie, Oculus Christi, See-bright, Scallewort; Ger, Muscatellersalbei. The mucilaginous seeds used to clear the eye of foreign particles. Other species having mucilaginous seeds are, (e) S. Columbariae Benth., southwestern U. S.; (f) 8. lystachya Ortega (S. Chian LaLlave), Mexico; (g) 8. Wroominun L.; (h) S. verbendca L., and (i) S. verticilléta L., the three latter of Europe. The seeds of (e) and (f) are called Chia seed, used for their demulcent action. 1770. SAMANDURA, L. 1747. Samandera. Simarubaceae. From vernacular, East Indies. Syn. Samadera (Kew), Gaertn. 1791, Niota, Lam., not Adans. Trees with showy flowers. Two species, East Indies and Madagascar. a. §. Indica (Gaertn. ) Lyons (Samadera Indica Gaertn., S. pene tapetala G. Don, N. pentapetala Lam., N. Commersoni Pers. ). Hindustan. Bark, Niepa bark, Niota’ bark, Samadera bark; bitter, tonic. Seeds yield fixed oil used in rheumatism. 1771. _ SAMBUCUS, L. Elder. Caprifoliaceae. Theclassical name. Syn. Ebulum, Garcke. Shrubs or trees, some herbs. About 20 species; 8 in U. 8. a. S. Canadénsis L. Canada to Florida, west to Arizona and Manitoba. American Elder, Elder, Sweet Elder. Flowers, Elder-blows, Elder-flowers; Sambucus, U. S. P., diuretic, diaphoretic, emollient. Bark cathartic, emetic. The Mexican (b) 8. Mexicana Pres]. has similar properties. ce §. Ebulus L. (E. humile Garcke). Europe. Dwarf Elder, European Dwarf Elder, Blood Elder (Hilder), Bloodwort, Danewort, Deadwort, Lithewort, Walewort, Wallwort; Ger. Attich; Fr. Hieble (Codex) Yéble;Sp. Yezgo. Fruit laxative, d. S. glatica Nutt. (S. coerulea Raf., S. Californica Koch.). Cali- fornia. California Elder. Fruit blue. . 332 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS e. 8. nigra L. Europe, northern Africa to middle Asia. Euro- pean Elder (Ellar, Ellen, Ellarne, Alderne, Ellet, Elnorne, Elren, Hilder, Hillerne, Hylder), Common Elder (of Europe), German or Parsley Elder, Black-berried Elder, Boor-tree, Bore- tree, Bur-tree, Bone-tree, Bountry, Boutry), Ellanwood, Ell- horn, Judas tree*, Skaw, Winlin-berry, Whist-aller; Ger. Flie- der, Hollunder; Fr. Sureau (Codex); Sp. Sahuco. Flowers, diaphoretic, diuretic, emollient. Fruit, Fructus v. Baccae sambuci, Grana actes; Ger. Fliederbeeren, Hiitscheln; aperient, diuretic. Juice of fruit, Elder-roob, Elder-rob, Succus sambuci inspissatus, Rob sambuci; Ger. Fliedermus; Fr. Rob de sureau; aperient, diuretic, deobstruent. f. S. ptibens Michx. British America south to Georgia, Colorado and California. Red-berried Elder, Mountain Elder, Red Elder, Poison Elder. 1772. SAMOLUS, L. Water Pimpernel, Brookweed.Primulaceae. Name of Celtic origin. Small marsh plants. About 10 spe- cies. most common in 5S. Africa and Australasia; 4 in U. S. (a) S. floribindus H. B. K. is the common species of the eastern U. S.; (b) S. valerandi L. that of Europe. 1778. SANGUINARIA, L. Bloodroot. Papaveraceae. From Latin, “bloody’’, alluding to the red juice. Peren- nial herb froma fleshy rhizome. One species only, N. America (U. 8.). a. S. Canadénsis L. Canada to Florida, west to Arkansas and Nebraska. Blood-root, Red Puccoon, Red Indian Paint, Red- root, Puccoon-rovt, Coon-root, White Puccoon, Pauson, Snake- hite, Sweet-slumber, Tetterwort, Turmeric*; Ger. Blutkrant, Blutwarzel; Fr. Sanguinaire. Rhizome; Sanguinaria, U.S. P., emetic, expectorant, sialagogue, emmenagogue. 1774. _SANGUISORBA, L. Burnet. Rosaceae. From Latin, “blood staunching’’. Syn. Poterium (Kew), in part. Herbs with pinnate leaves. About 20 species, north temperate zone; 4 in U. 8. a. 8S. Canadénsis L. (P. Canadense A. Gray). Canada to Georgia and Michigan. American Great Burnet, Canada Burnet. b. S. officinalis L, (P. officinale A. Gray). Europe. Garden Burnet, Italian Burnet, Burnet Blood-wort, Italian Pimpernel, Bipennula, Pimpinall, Sol begrella. Plant astringent, tonic. « §. Sanguisérba (L.) Brit. (P. Sanguisorba L. (Kew), S. Poterium Wigg., S. minor Scop. S.. media L.). Europe and northern Africa, adv. in U. S. Salad Burnet, Burnet, Com- mou or Garden Burnet, Bloodwort, Pimprenelle, Toper’s plant Small Bibernel; Ger. Bibernell. Plant used as salad. 1775. SANICULA, L. Snake-root, Sanicle. Umbelliferae. From Latin, “healing’’. Biennial or perennial herbs, the umhellets capitate. About 20 species, temperate regions; 15 in U.S. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 333 a. §. Europaéa L. Europe. European Sanicle (Sinicle), Wood Sanicle, Wood March, Self-heal; Ger. Sanikel, Scherneckelkraut, Brachkraut, Heil-aller-Schaden; Fr. Sanicle (Codex). Plant, Herba saniculae, Herba diapensiae; astringent, vulnerary. b. S. Marylandiea L. Canada to Georgia. Black Snake-root, Sanicle, American Sanicle, Black Sanicle, Pool-root. Root astringent, antispasmodic, antiperiodic. (c) 8. Canadénsis L. ($. Marylandica var. Canadensis Torr.), Short-styled Snake-root, is also called Black Snake-root, and used indiscrim- inately with the foregoing as are probably other species. 1776. SANTALUM, L. Sandal-wood. Santalaceae. Trees with fragrant wood. About 16 species, East Indies, Australia and Oceanica. a. S. album L. India. Sandalwood, White Sandal-wood, Yel- low Sandal-wood, White Saunders; Probably the Almug of Scripture; Ger. Gelber Sandel; Fr. Santal citrin (Codex). Wood Lignum santali album v. citrinum, fragrant. Source of oil of Sandal-wood. Other species yielding fragrant Sandal- wood are (b) S. Cygnérum Mig. (Fusanus spicatus R. Br.), Australia; (c) S. Freycenetidnum Gaud., Hawaiian Islands; (d) §. Austro-Caledonicum Vieil., New Caledonia, and (d) S. Yasi Seem., Fiji. 1777. SANTOLINA, L. Lavender Cotton. Compositae. From Latin, ‘‘sacred flax’’. Aromatic under-shrubs. About 8 species, Mediterranean region. (a) 8, Chamaecyparissus L. (C. villosa Mill.) ts Lavender Cotton, reputed anthelmintic, insecticide. 12778. SANVITALIA, Lam. Thirst-plant. Compositae. Named for the Sanvitali family of Parma. Herbs. About 8 species, Texas and Mexico; 2 in U.S. 1779. SAPINDUS, L. Soap-berry. Sapindaceae. From Latin, ‘‘Indian soap’’. Trees or shrubs. About 10 species, warmer regions of Asia and America; 3 in U.S. a. S. marginatus Willd. (S. acuminatus Raf.). Florida to Ari- zona and Mexico. Soap-berry, Wild China-tree. Fruit deter- gent, containing saponin. (b) S. Sapondria L. of Mexico and southwestern U. S. has the same synonyms and uses. (c) S. trifolidtus L. (S. laurifolius Vahl.) of India, Indian Fil- bert, yields a similar fruit. 1780. SAPIUM, P. Br. Tallow-tree. Euphorbiaceae. Syn. Excecaria, Croton, Stillingia, in part. ‘Trees or shrubs. About 20 species, warmer regions of both hemispheres. a. S. sebiferum (L.) Roxb. (C. sebiferus L., E. sebifera Muell. Arg., Stillingia sebifera Michx.). China to India and Japan. Chinese Tallow-tree. Fruit, source of vegetable tallow, used for candles, etc. Wood used for engraving. 1781. SAPONARIA, L. Soapwort. Caryophyllaceae. From Latin, ‘“‘Soapwort’. Herbs with showy flowers. About 35 species, Old World. 334 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS a. S. officindlis, L. Europe to middle Asia, nat. in U. 8. Bouncing-Bet, Common Soapwort, Soaproot, Bruisewort, Buryt, Boston Pink, Chimney Pink, Crow-soap, Hedge Pink, Old- maid’s Pink, Fuller’s-herb, Lady-by-the-gate, London-pride, Latherwort, Mock Gillifower, Saponary, Scourwort, Sbeep- weed, Sweet-Betty Wild Sweet William, Woods Phlox, World’s- wonder; Ger. Seifenwurzel, Waschwurzel; Fr. Savonniére; Sp. Saponaria. Root, Radix saponarix rubra, detergent, dis- cutient, alterative. 1782. SARACA, L.1767 (not Saracha R. & P.).Caesalpinaceae. Syn. Jonesia, Roxb. 1795. , Trees or shrubs. About 6 spe- cies, tropical Asia. (a) S. Indica L. (J. Asoca Roxb., J. pinnata Willd., S. arborescens Burm.) of Hindustan yields a bark which is astringent and a uterine tonic. 1783. SARCOBATUS, Nees. Grease-wood. Chenopodiaceae. From Greek, ‘‘flesh’’ and ‘‘thorn’’. Syn. Batis, in part. Thorny shrub with fleshy leaves. One species, Nebraska to Nevada. 1784, SARCOCEPHALUS, Afz. Guinea Peach, etc. Rubiaceae. From (rreek, ‘‘fleshy head’. Syn. Cephalina. Shrubs or trees with fleshy fruit. About 10 species, tropical regions, Old World. a. §. eseuléntus Afzel. (C. esculenta Schum. & Thonn.). West Africa. Guinea Peach, Country Fig, Negro or Sierra Leone Peach. Bark, Doundake bark, African Cinchona; astringent, febrifuge. Fruit has emetic properties. 1785. SARCODES, Torr. Snow-plant. | Monotropaceae. From Greek, ‘‘flesh like’, alluding to succulent red stem. A leafless eee with red stem and flowers. One species, (a) S. sanguinea Torr., the Snow-plant of mountains of California. 1786. SAROTHRA, L. Orange-grass. Hypericaceae. From Greek, ‘‘broom’’, Syn. Hypericum, in part. Low annual herb. One species, eastern U, S. a, S. gentianoides L. (H. Sarothra Michx., H. nudicaule Walt., S. hypericoides Nutt.), Eastern U.S. Orange-grass, Pine- weed, Ground Pine*, Nit-weed, False Johnswort. Plant aperient, alterative. ; 1787. SARRACENIA, L. — (Sarracena). Sarraceniaceae. Named for Dr. J. A. Sarrazin of Quebec. Pereunial marsh or bog herbs with trumpet shaped leaves. About 8 species, N. America; 7 in U.S. Syn. Pitcher-plant, Trumpet-leaf, Indian- cup. a, §. flava L. Southeastern U. S., Trumpet-plant, Yellow Trum- pet leaf, Trumpets, Yellow Trumpets, Huntsman’s-horn, Bis- cuits, Dumb-watches, Water-cup, Eve’s-cup, Fly-trap, Yellow- flowered Water-cup or Side-saddle plant. Plant astringent, tonic, stomachic. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 335 b. S. purpdrea L. Canada and eastern U. S. Pitcher-plant, Side-saddle Flower, Fly-trap, Fox-glove*, Eve’s-cup, Fore- father’s-cup, Huntsman’s-cup, Indian-pitcher, Indian-cup, Dumb-watches, Saddle-plant, Purple-flowered Pitcher-plant (although in one variety the flowers are yellow), Small-pox plant*, Whippoorwill-bouts, Whippoorwill-shoe*, Skunk Cab- bage*; Ger. Wasserkrug, Jiégermiitze, Trompetenblatt; Fr. Sarracénie. Plant tonic, anodyne, astringent. ce. S. varioldris Michx. Southeastern U. S. Small-pox plant, Spotted Pitcher-plant or Trumpet-leaf, with many of the syn- onyms of the foregoing. Properties of (a). 1788. SASSAFRAS, Nees & Eberm. Sassafras. Lauraceae. The Spanish popular name. Syn. Laurus, in part. An aro- matic tree. One species, eastern N. America. a. S Sassafras (L.) Karst. (L. Sassafras L., S. officinale Nees, not Sieb., 8. variifolia (Salisb.) O. Kze., L. variifulius Salisb. ). Ontario and eastern U. S. Sassafras, Saxifrax, Ague-tree, Cinnamon-wood, Saloop, Smelling-stick; Ger. Fenchelholz, Panameholz, Fr. Sassafras (Codex); Sp. Sasafras. Bark of root; Sassafras, U.S. P., Cortex sassafras; stimulant, aroma- tic, alterative, owing its virtues to the volatile oil. Root, Sassafras Radix Br., Lignum Sassafras P. G. Lignumpavanum. Pith; Sassafras medulla, U. S. P., mucilaginous, demulcent. 1789. SATURELA, L. Savory. Labiatae. The Latin name, whence is derived the English. Syn. Micro- meria, in part. Aromatic herbs or shrubs. About 18 species, mostly of Mediterranean region, 1 native in U. 8S. a. S. horténsis L. Europe, widely cult. and nat. Summer Savory; Ger. Saturei, Pfefferkraut, Bobnenkraut, Wurstkraut; re Sarriette (Codex). Herb diaphoretic, carminative; used chiefly as a condiment. b. S. montana L, (M. montana Reich. ). Southern Europe. Win- ter Savory. Properties of (a). 1790. SAURURUS, L. Lizard’ s-tail. Saururaceae. From Greek, ‘‘Lizard’s tail”, alluding to the inflorescence. Marsh herbs. Two known species, one of Asia, one of eastern U. 8. a. 8. eérnuus L. Ontario and eastern U. S. — Lizard’s-tail, Breast-weed. Root emollient, discutient. 1791. SAUSSUREA, DC. Saw-wort, ete. Compositae. Named for H. B. and Theodora de Sassure, Swiss botanists, 18th and 19th Centuries. Syn. Aplotaxis, Aucklandia, in part. Perennial herbs with purple or blue flowers. About 70 species, north temperate zone; 2 or 3in U.S. a. S. Lappa C. B. Clarke (Ap. Lappa Decaisne, Auck. Costus Falconer). Cashmere. Costus root, Koot (Cashmere), Put- chuk (Bengal), Koost (Arabic). Root, believed to be the costus of the ancients; pungent, aphrodisiac. 336 PLANT NAMES AND sYNONYMS 1792. SAXIFRAGA, L. Saxifrage. Saxifragaceae. The Latin name, ‘‘stone breaking’’. Perennial herbs, gene- rally with tufted basal leaves. About 210 species, north tem- perate zone; 59 in U. 8. a, S. sarmentésa L. China and Japan, cult. as a house plant. Beefsteak or Strawberry Geranium, Aaron’s-beard, Chinese Saxifrage, Creeping-sailor, Humility, Mother-of-thousands, Old-man’s-beard, Pedlar’s-basket, Poor-man’s Geranium, Rov- ing-Jenny, Spider plant, Strawberry plant, Thread-of-life, Wandering Jew. b. S. Virginiénsis Michx. Canada to Georgia and Tennessee. Karly Saxifrage, Spring Saxifrage, Everlasting, Sweet- Wilson. 1798. SAXIFRAGOPSIS, G. Small. Saxifragaceae. Greek, ‘‘Saxifrage like”. Perennial with woody caudex. One species, California. 1794, SCABIOSA, L. Scabious, Pincushion-flower. Dipsacaceae. The Latin name, the plant reputed to cure ‘‘scaly’’ eruptions. Syn. Knautia, Succisa, in part. Unarmed herbs, the Hower- heads resembling those of a Composite plant. About 100 spe- cies, Old World; 3 nat in U. 8. «. §. arvensis L. (K. arvensis Coult.) Europe, nat. in eastern U. 8. _ Field Scabious, Blue-buttons, Blue-caps, Easteningwort, Gipsy Rose, Egyptian Rose, Pin-cushion. Leaves expectorant, demulcent. b. S. atropurptrea L. Europe and Asia, nat. in U.S. Mourn- ing-bride, Mourning-widow, Sweet Scabious or Scabish, Egyp- tian Rose*. e. §. suecisa L. (Succisa pratensis Moc.). Europe. Devil’s-bit,. Devil’s-root, Blue Scabious, Wood Scabious. 1795. SCAEVOLA, L. Scaevola, Goodeniaceae. Named for M. Scaevola, in allusion to the one-sided flowers. Herbs or shrubs. About 70 species, Australia and Oceanica, 1 cosmopolitan species in U. 8. 1796. SCANDIX, L. Venus’ Comb, etc. | Umbelliferae. The Greek name of a salad plant. Syn. Pecten. Annual: herbs, with dissected leaves. About 10 species, Old World. a. S. Pécten-Véneris L. (Pecten Veneris Lam.). Europe and Asia, nat. in eastern U.S. Venus’-comb, Lady’s-comb; Shep- herd’s-needle, Adamn’s-needles, Beggar's needles, Crake-needles, Crow-needles, Devil’s-darningneedle, Needle Chervil, Pink- needles, Pucker-needle, Puck-needle (Poukenel), Shepherd’s- needles, Hedge-hog. Shoots eaten as salad. 1797. SCHAEFFERIA, Jacq, (Schetlera,Schaefera ).Celastraceae. Named for J. C. Schaeffer, German naturalist, d. 1790. Shrubs with small coriaceous leaves. About 6 species, warmer regions of N. America, 2 in U. 8S. (a) S. frutéscens Jacq. (S. buxifolia Nutt., S. completa Swz.). Florida to Mexico. and West Indies. Yellow-wood, Box-wood. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 337 1798. SCHEUCHZERIA, L. Scheuchzeria. Scheuchzeriaceae. Named for the brothers Scheuchzer, Swiss naturalists, 18th Century. Rusgh-like bog perennial herb. One species, north temperate zone (U. S.). 1799. SCHINUS, L. Pepper-tree. Anacardiaceae, The Greek name of the mastic tree, from its ‘“‘fissured’’ bark. Syn. Molle, Adans. Trees or shrubs with pinnate leaves. About 12 species, warmer S. America and Australia. a. 8. Mdélle L. South America, cult. in California and elsewhere as an ornamental tree. Pepper-tree, Chili Pepper* (California), Peruvian Mastic-tree, Pepper shrub. Fruit pungent, used in Chili to prepare a wine. 1800. SCHIZAEA, J. E. Smith. Curly-grass. Schizaeaceae. From Greek, “clefv’’. Ferns, with slender linear fronds, the fertile ones in our species terminating in a tuft-like expansion. About 16 species, mostly tropical; 1 in U.S. Sometimes called Curly-grass. 1801, SCHIZANDRA, Michx. 1803. Schizandra. Magnoliaceae. Syn. Stellandria, Brickell 1803. Climbing shrubs with red, white or yellowish flowers. About 10 species, mostly of warm- er Asia and East Indies; 1 in U. 8. 1802. SCHIZONOTUS, Gray1876 (not Lind.1830).Asclepiadaceae. Syn. Solanoa, Greene; Gomphocarpus, in part. Small peren- nial herb. One species, California. 1803. SCHKUHRIA, Roth. Schkuhria. Compositae. Named for Ch. Schkuhr, German botanist. Syn. Achyropap- pus, Hopkirkia. Annual herbs. About 10 species, warmer regions of New World; 2 in southern U. 8. 1804. SCHLEICHERA, Willd. Lac tree, ete. Sapindaceae. Named for J. G. Schleicher, Swiss botanist, early in 19th Century. Syn. Cussambium, Rumph. Trees. Three species, Tropical Asia. a. S. trijuga Willd. (C. spinosum Buch Ham.). India to Burma. Lac tree, Koosumbia. Yields lac. See Croton (a). 1805. SCHOENOCRAMBE, Greene. Scheenocrambe. Cruciferae. From Greek, ‘‘rush Crambe’’. Syv. Sisymbrium, in part. Herbs. Three species in U.S. 1806. SCHOEPFIA, Schreber. Schcepfia. Olacaceae. Named for J. D. Schcepf, botanical explorer, d.1800. Shrubs or small trees. About 16 species, tropical Asia and America; lin U.S. 1807. SCHWALBEA, L. Chaff-seed. Scrophulariaceae.. Named for C. G. Schwalbe of Holland, 18th Century. Peren-. nial herb with yellowish-purple flowers. One species, eastern. U. § 1808. SCILLA, L. Squill, Cape Hyacinth. Liliaceae.. The ancient Greek name of the medicinal squill. See Urgi- nea. Scapose herbs from a coated bulb. About 80 species, Old World, a single species in Chili. 338 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS a. §. festdlis Salisb. (S. nutans Sm.). Europe. Bluebell (Eng- land), Harebell (Scotland), Bell-bottle, Crow-bells, Crow Leek. See Campanula (b). 1809. SCIRPUS, L. Rush. Cyperaceae. Latin name of Bulrush, of Celtic origin. Syn. Elytrosper- mum, in part. Annual or perennial sedges, some almost leaf- less, others leafy. About 200 species; 35 in U. 8. a. S. lacustris L. (Includes the American S. validus Vahl.). Widely distributed. Great Bulrush, Bulrush, Bags, Bent, Black Rush, Bolder, Bumble, Club Rush, Frail Rush, Mat Rush, Panier Rush, Pole Rush, Spurt-grass. Probably a dis- tinct species is (b) S. Califérnicus (C. A. Meyer) Brit. (E. Californicum C. A. Meyer, S. riparius J. & C. Presl. (Kew), §S. Tatora Kunth, S. lacustris var. occidentalis S. Wats.). Florida to California. California Bulrush, Tule, Tule Rush. 1810. SCLERANTHUS, L. Knawel, etc. Caryophyllaceae. From Greek, ‘‘hard flower’. Low herbs. About 10 species, Old World. (a) S. Annuus L. Europe, nat. in eastern U.S. Knawel, German Knotgrass, Gravel Chickweed; Ger. Wilde Knauel; Fr. Gnavelle. 1811. SCLEROCARPUS, Jacq. Sclerocarpus. Compositae. From Greek, ‘‘hard fruit’’, alluding to indurated enclosing bracts. Syn. Aldama, Gymnopsis, in part. Herbs with yel- low flowers. About 8 species, Africa and Mexico; 1 in Texas. 1812. SCLEROLEPIS, Cass. Sclerolepis. Compositae. From Greek, ‘‘hard scale’, descriptive of pappus. Syn. Aethulia, Sparganophorus, in part. A slender aquatic herb with whorled leaves. One species, eastern U. S. 1818. SCOLIOPUS, Tor. Scoliopus. Liliaceae. Herbs related to Clintonia. Two species, western U. 8. 1814. SCOLOPENDRIUM, Adans. Polypodiaceae. From Greek, ‘centipede’’, alluding to sori. Syn Asplenium, Eby thbs, in part. Ferns with entire fronds. About 5 species; lin U.S. a. §. Scolopéndrium (1) Karst. (A. Scolopendrium L., S. vul- eee J. E. Sm., P. Scolopendrium (L.) Greene, S. officinarum wz., S. officinale DU.). Widely distributed in Old World, rare in U.S. Hart’s-tongue, Seaweed Fern, Snake Fern, Snake- leaves, Caterpillar Fern, Adder’s-tongue*, Fox-tongue, Button- hole, La nb’s-tongue, Finger Fern; Ger. Hirschzunge. Fronds, Folia scolopendrii, Fol. linguze cervine, Fol. phyllitidis; diuretic, expectorant. 1815. SCOLYMUS, L. Spanish Oyster-plant. Compositae. Thistle-like plants. About 4 species, Mediterranean region; L1nat.in U.S. (a) S. Hispainicus L., Spanish Oyster-plant, ‘Golden Thistle. 1816. SCOPARIA, L. Broom-weed. Serophulariaceae. From Latin scopa, a ‘‘broom”. Herbs or shrubs. About 6 species, warmer regions of New World; 1 in U. 8. (a) S, SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 339 dileis L. (S. procumbens Jacq., S. ternata Forsk.). South- ern U.S. and southward. Sweet Broom-weed, Licorice-weed ( West Indies). 1817. SCOPOLA, Jacq. (Scopolia). Scopola. Solanaceae. Named for Scopoli, Austrian naturalist, 18th Century. Syn. Hyoscyamus, in part. Narcotic herbs. About 5 species, mostly of eastern Asia. a. S. Japonica Maximowicz. Japan. Japanese Belladonna. Properties of Belladonna, as in the European (b) 8S. Carnié- lica Jacq. (H. Scopolia L.). 1818. SCORZONELLA, Nutt. Scorzonella. Cichoriaceae. Diminutive from Scorzonera. Syn. Anacalais, Calais, Micro- seris, in part. Biennial or perennial herbs. About 12 species, Pacific border of U. S. 1819. SCORZUNERA, L. Winter Asparagus. Compositae. Latin from the Spanish name, meaning ‘‘snake weed’’. Herbs, mostly perennial with large heads of yellow flowers. About 120 species, Mediterranean region to central Asia. a. S. Hispdnica L. Europe and western Asia, extensively cult. Viper’s-grass, Winter Asparagus, Black Salsify. Root esculent, with alleged medicinal properties like those of dandelion. Other species have esculent roots, rotably (b) S. deliciésa Guasson, of Sicily and (c) S. tuberésa Pallas, Turkestan. 1820. SCROPHULARIA, L. Figwort. Scrophulariaceae. From Latin, ‘“‘scrofula plant’. Perennial ill-smelling herbs, some shrubby. About 120 species, northern hemisphere, es- pecially in Europe; 4 in U. 8. a. §. aqudtica L. Europe. Water Figwort, Water Betony, Bullwort, Bishop’s-leaves, Brownwort; Fr. Scrophulaire (Co- dex), in part. See (b). b. S. nodésa L. Europe. Figwort, Common or Water Figwort, Knotty-rooted Figwort?, Brownwort, Carpenter’ s-square. Square- stalk, Heal-all, Kernelwort, Pilewort, Scrofula-plant, Throat- wort; Ger. Kropfwurzkraut, Knotenwurz; Fr. Scrophulaire (Codex), in part; Sp. Escrofularia. Herb vulnerary, alterative, emmenagogue. The same synonyms and properties belong to the indigenous (c) S. Marylandica L. (S. nodosa, var. Mary- landica Gray). American or Maryland Figwort, Holmes’ - weed. 1821. SCUTELLARIA, L. Skullcap, Helmet flower. Labiatae. From Latin, ‘‘dish’’, in allusion to calyx. Bitter herbs, some shrubby, flowers blue or violet, rarely white. About 100 species; 26 in U. S.; Ger. Helmkraut, Schildkraut; Fr. Scutel- laire. a. S. galericulita L. Europe, Asia and northern America, south to N. Carolina and Arizona. European Skullcap, Marsh Skullcap, Hooded Willow-herb. b. S. integrifélia (S. hyssopifolia L.). Eastern U. S. Hyssop Skullcap, Larger Skullcap. 340 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS e. §. laterifléra L. British America, south to Florida, New Mexico and Washington. Mad-dog Skullcap, (Scullcap), Hoodwort, Mad-weed, Side-fowering SkullcapZ, American Skullcap, Blue Pimpernel, Hooded Willow-herb. Herb bitter, tonic, nervine, the same properties being attributed to the foregoing and other species. 1822. SEBASTIANIA, Sprengel. (Sebastiana). Euphorbiaceae. Named for Antonio Sebastiani, early part of 19th Century. Shrubs, allied to Stillingia. About 40 species, mostly of Brazil, two in Old World; 1 in West Indies and Florida. 1823. SECALE, L. Rye. Gramineae. Latin name, a grain which is ‘‘reaped’’. Grasses related to Triticum. Five species (perhaps only two) are known, of western and central Asia. a. §. ceredle L. Central Asia, much cult. in colder climates. Rye; Ger. Roggen; Fr. Seigle (Codex); Sp. Centeno. (Crain esculent. See Claviceps. 1824. SEDUM, L. Stonecrop, etc. Crassulaceae. Latin name, alluding to the lowly habit of the plants. Rhodiola, in part. Fleshy herbs. About 150 species, cooler regions, mostly of northern hemisphere; 28 in U. S., including some naturalized. a. S. Acre L. Europe and northern Asia, locally nat. in U. S. Wall-pepper, Mossy or Biting Stonecrop, Bird’s-bread, Creep- ing-Charlie, Creeping-Jack, Crowdy, Ginger*, Gold-chain, Gold- en Moss, Jack-of-the-buttery, Kit-of-the-wall, Love-entangle, Mountain Moss, Pepper-crop, Poor-man’s-pepper, Prick-ma- dam, Pricket, Rock-plant, Stonnard, Tangle-tail, Treasure-of- love, Trip-madam, Wall Moss, Wallwort; Ger. Mauerpfeffer, Steinkraut, Katzentraublein; Fr. Joubarbe acre, Poivre des murailles; Sp. Siempreviva menor. Herb; Herba sedi minoris, H. illecebra vermicularis; acrid, vesicant, emeto‘cathartic, alterative. b. S. refléxum L. Europe, cult. and adv. in U. 8S. Reflexed Stonecrop?, Dwarf House-leek, Creeping-Jenny, Indian-fog, Love-in-a-chain, Prick-madam, Trick-madam, Trip-madam. v. S. Teléphium L. Europe and Asia, nat. in U.S. Orpine, Garden Orpine, Orpiest, Orphan-Johnt{, Live-forever, Live- long, Aaron’s-rod, Arpent-weed, Bag-leaves, Everlasting, Ever- green, Frog’s-bladder, Frog’s-mouth, Frog-plant, Life-of-man, Midsummer-men, Witches’-moneybags, Solomon’s-puzzles; Ger. Fetthenne, Fette Henne; Fr. Joubarbe des vignes, Grasette. Herb; Herba telephii, H. crassule majoris, H. fabariz; refrige- rant, febrifuge, antispasmodic. d. S. telephioides Michx. Pennsylvania to Georgia. American Orpine, Wild Live-forever, Sweet-heart. Other notable spe- cies are (e) S. album L., Europe, White Stonecrop, Prick- madam, Worm-grass; (f) S. Anacimpseros L., Europe, Herb-of-friendship; (g) S. pulchéllum Michx., southeastern U, S., Widow’s-cross, Flowering Moss, Rock Moss; (h) §, réseum (L.) Scop. (8S. Rhodiola DC., R. rosea L.)., North SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 341 circumpolar region, Rosewort, Rose-root, Snowdon Rose, Heal-all*; (i) S. rupéstre L., Europe, Jealousy, (j) S. Siebéldii_ Auct., Japan, Constancy; (k) S. terndtum Michx, New York to Georgia, Wild Stonecrop, Three-leaved Stonecrop?, Iceland Moss*. 1825. SELAGINELLA, Beauv. Selaginella. Selaginellaceae. Diminutive of Selago, an ancient name of a Ground-pine. Plants resembling Lycopodium, generally small. About 335 species, widely distributed; 9 in U. S. a. §. lepidophylla Spring. Arizona to southern California. Re- surrection-plant, Rock-lily, Rock-rose, Hollyhock-rose. Plant when dry curls up and remains dormant indefinitely, reviving again when water is supplied. b. S. rupéstris (L.) Spring. Throughout northern hemisphere and in Africa. Rock Selaginella, Christmas Evergreen*, Fes- toon Pine; Dwarf Club-moss. c. S. selaginéides (L.) Link. (Lycopodium selaginoides L., S. spinosa Beauv.). Europe, Asia and N. America, south to Michigan and Colorado. Low Selaginella, Prickly Olub-moss, Mountain Moss. 1826. SELENIA, Nutt. Selenia. Cruciferae. From Greek, “Moonwort’’, the species resembling Lunaria. Tufted herbs. Two or three species, northern Mexico and southern U. 8. 1827. SELINOCARPUS.-Gray. Selinocarpus. Nyctaginaceae. From Greek, “parsley fruited”. Herbs. Three species, Mexican border. 1828. SELINUM, L. Selinum. Umbelliferae. The Greek name of Parsley, whence our word celery. Tall perennial herbs. About 25 species, mostly of northern hemi- sphere; 8 in western U.S. See Peucedapum. 1829. SEMECARPUS, L. fils. Cashew-nut. Anacardiaceae. From Greek, ‘‘marking fruit’. Syn. Anacardium, in part. Trees with coriaceous leaves. About 40 species, East Indies. See Anacardium. a. S. Anacdrdium L. fils. (A. officinarum Gaertn., A. orientale Auct., A. latifolium Lam., A. solitarium Stokes). India. Oriental Cashew-nut (Cachew), Malacca-nut, Marany-nut, Marking-nut, Marsh-nut, Malacca Bean, Acajou-nut, Mangle; Ger. Elephantenlaiise. Nuts edible, but the husk is acrid and almost caustic. Juice produces an indelible stain. 1880. SEMPERVIVUM, L. House-leek. _ Crassulaceae. From Latin, ‘‘ever living’. Fleshy perennial herbs. About 10 species, Old World. a. S. tectorum L. Europe, cult. and adv. in U. 8S. House-leek, Homewort, Bullock’s-eye, Fon, Fone (Scotland), Healing- blade, Hen-and-chickens, Hockerie-topner, Imbreke, Jupiter’ s- 342 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS beard, Jobarbet, Jubardt, Sengreen, Thunder-plant (formerly ‘believed to ward off lightning); Ger. Hauslauch, Hauswurzel, Dachlauch. Donnerkraut, Fr. Grande joubarbe; Sp. Siempre- viva major. Herb, Herba sedi majoris, H. sempervivi; refri- gerant, astringent, antispasmodic, detergent. See Sedum. 1881. SENECIO, L. Groundsel, Squaw-weed, etc. Compositae. From Latin senez, ‘old man’’. Syn. Cineraria, in part. Herbs or occasionally shrubs, many with rather large showy flower-heads. About 1000 species, widely distributed; 109 in U.S. a. S. aureus L. (including S. gracilis Pursh, now called S. aureus gracilis (Pursh) Britton}. Canada and eastern U.S. Life- root, Golden Ragwort, Swamp Squaw-weed, Cocash-weed, Cough-weed, Female-regulator, Fireweed*, Golden Senecio, Grundy-swallowt, Mequot, Nunqua, Nutqua, Uncum, Unkum, Ragwort, Snakeroot*, Squaw-weed, False Valerian. Herb emol- lient, anodyne, reputed emmenagogue. (b) S. obovdtus Muhl. (S. Elliottii I. & Gr.), and some other indigenous spe- cies are also employed, and similar properties are attributed to (c) S. BalsAmitae Muhl. (S. aureus (Kew.), var. Balsamit- ae T. & G.), British America and northern U. S. Baleam Groundsel, Groundsel Balsam. d. §. Cinerdria DC. (C. maritima L.). Mediterranean region, cult. in gardens. Dusty-miller. The name Cineraria among florists is applied to hybrid varieties of (e) S. eruéntus DC. and other species from the Canary Islands. f. S. Jacobaéa L. Europe, adv. in-eastern U. S. Tansy Rag- wort, Staggerwort, Ban-weed, Cammock, Cheadle Dock, Cush- ag, Fairies’-horse, Felon-weed, Kettle Dock, Kadle Dock. Ragweed*, Saracen’s Comfrey, St. James’-wort, Staverwort, Stinking-Alexander (Elshinder), Stinking-Willie, Tansy*, Weeby. Properties of (a). g. S. vulgaris L. Europe, locally nat. in U. 8. Groundsel, (Grinsel ), Common Groundsel, Birdseed, Chicken-weed, Chin- cone, Fleawort, Groundie-swallowt,Sencion, Simson{, Swichen{; Ger. Kreuzkraut, Jacobskraut; Fr. Senegon (Codex). Plant mildly astringent, vulnerary, discutient. h. §. lobétus Pers. (S. lyratus Michx., not L.), of southeastern U.S. and Mexico, is Butter-weed or Cress-leaved Groundsel; (i) S. mikanofdes Otto (S. scandens DU. ), of southern Africa, cult. in gaflens and greenhouses, is German Ivy or Cape Ivy; (j) S. pahistris (L.) Hook. (C. palustris L.), cireumpolar (northern U. S.), is Marsh Fleawort, Marsh Groundsel, Pale Ragwort; (k) S. tomentésus Michx., southeastern U. S., is Woolly Rag-weed, Rag-woolwort, Ash-wort. 1832. SEQUOIA, Endl. Redwood, ete. Pinaceae. Named for Se-quo Yah (George Guess), d. 1843. Syn. Condylocarpus, Salisb. 1823, not Hoffm. 1816, Gigantabies, Sen., Washingtonia, Winslow 1854, Wellingtonia, Lind]. 1853, not Miers 1840; Taxodium, in part. The noblest of conifers. Two species, western U. 8. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 343 a. S. sempérvirens (Lamb.) Endl. (T. sempervirens Lamb., T. giganteum ,Kell. & Behr., C. sempervirens Salisb., S. gigan- tea Endl., G. taxifolia’Sen.). California and northward. Redwood, Bastard Cedar, Oregon Red Cedar. The most valuable timber tree of the West Coast. b. S. Wellingténia (Winsl.) Seem. (Wash. Wellingtonia Winsl., G. Wellingtoniana (Nelson) Sen., Wash. Californica Winsl., Wash. Americana Hort., Well. gigantea Lindl., 8. gigantea Lind]. & Gord. (Kew), not Endl.). California. | Washing- ton Cedar, California Big-tree, Mammoth tree, Giant tree of California. The largest of trees. 1883. SERENOA, Hook. f. Saw Palmetto, etc. Subalaceae. Named for Prof. Sereno Watson of Harvard. University. Syn. Serenza, Brahea; Chamerops, Sabal, in part. A dwarf fan-palm. One species, southern U. 8. ; a. §. serrulita (K.&S.) Hock. f. (Sabal serrulatum R. &&., B. serrulata H. Wendl. (Kew), C. serrulata Pursh). §. Caro- lina to Florida and West Indies. Saw Palmetto. Fruit tonic, alterative, expectorant, reputed aphrodisiac. 1834. SERICOCARPUS, Nees. White-topped Aster. Compositae. From Greek, ‘‘silky fruit’. Syn. Conyza, Aster, in part. Perennial herbs with rather small flower-heads (rays white). About 5 species, all in U. S. 1885, SERINIA, Raf. 1817. Serinia. Cichoriaceae. From Greek name of Chicory. Syn. Apogon, Ell. 1824, also Krigia, in part. Small annuals with yellow flowers. Three species, all in U. 8. 1836, SERJANIA, Plum. L. (Seriania). Sapindaceae. Named for Paul Serjeant, French botanist. Climbing shrubs. About 155 species, S. America, chiefly tropical; 3in U.S. The plants are narcotic poisons. In Brazil; (a) S. lethdlis A. St. Hil. is used as a fish pois:n under the name of Timboe. Honey collected by wasps from the flowers is violently intoxicating. 1887. SESAMUM, L. Sesame, Pedaliaceae. Latin from ancient Greek name, whence also the English sesame. Herbs. About 10 species, nearly all of Africa. a. §. Indicum L. Southern Asia, cult. in all tropical countries, nat. in southern U.S. Benne, Sesame, Oily-grain, Oily Bean, Oil plant, Gingili, Teel, Til; Ger. Sesam; Fr. Sésame; Sp. Ajonjoli. Leaves demulcent, emollient. Seeds esculent; source of Benne oil, Gingili or Teel oil; Oleum Sesami, U.S. F., having properties of olive oil. 1888. SESBAN, Adans. 1763 (Sesbana). Papilionaceae. The ancient name, of Arabic or Persian origin. Syn. Ses- bania, Scop. 1777; Agati, Adans 1763, in part. Herbs or shrubs. About 15 species, warmer regions; 4 in U. 8. a. 8. macrocd4rpa Muhl. Florida to Colorado and Central America. Long-podded Sesban@, Pea-tree, Colorado Hemp. One of several species which yield a strong fibre for cordage. 344 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS 1839. SESUVIUM, L. Sea Purslane. Aizoaceae. Syn. Pharnaceum, in part. Low fleshy herbs. About 4spe- cies, sea coasts and saline regions; 2 in U. S. 1840. SHERARDIA, L. Herb Sherard, etc. Rubiaceae. Named for Dr. Wm. Sherard, English botanist, d. 1728. Herb with whorled, spiny-pointed leaves. One species, Old World. a. §. arvénsis L. Europe, adv. in eastern U.S. Field Madder, Blue Field Madder, Spurwort, Herb Sherard. 1841. SHOREA. Roxb. Sal tree. Dipteraceae. Named for John Shore, Baron Teignmouth, Governor general of India, d. 1834. Large resinous trees. About 25 species, tropical Asia. a. S. robusta Gaertn. India. Sal-tree, Saul-tree, Indian Sal. Timber exceedingly heavy, hard and durable. Leaves the food of the Tussa silkworm. rudote a kind of dammar. b. S. Tdlura Roxb. (S. laccifera Heyne). East Indies. The tree yields a kind of dammar, also lac. 1842. SHORTIA, Tor. & Gr. Shortia. Diapensiaceae. Named for Charles W. Short, American botanist, d. 1863. Perennial stemless plants. Twospecies, one in Japan, the other (rare) in N. Carolina. 1843. SIBARA, Greene. Sibara. Cruciferae. Herb. One species, western U. 8. 1844. SIBBALDIA, L. Sibbaldia. Rosaceae. Named for Robert Sibbald, Scotch physician, d. 1712. Syn. Potentilla (Kew). in part. Small shrubby plants of alpine regions. About 5 species, north temperate zone; 1 in U. S. 1845. SICYOS, L. (Sycios).One-seeded Cucumber. Cueurbitaceae. Greek name of a Cucumber or Gourd. Syn. Sicyoides, in part. Annual vines, climbing by tendrils. About 35 species, America and Australasia; 3 in U.S. a. S. anguldtus L. (Sicyoides angulata Medic.). Canada and eastern U. S., nat. in Europe. Star-cucurnber, Bur-cucumber, One-seeded Bur-cucumber, Wild Cucumber, Nimble-Kate. Root and seeds bitter, diuretic. 1846, SICYOSPERMA, Gray. Sicyosperma. Cucurbitaceae. From Greek, ‘‘Sicyos-seeded’’. A herbaceous vine closely related to Sicyos. One species, New Mexico. 1847. SIDA, L. Sida, Indian Mallow. Malvaceae. An ancient Greek plant name. Herbs. About 75 species, warmer regions of both hemispheres; 22 in U.S. See Abuti- lon. (a.) S, rhombifélia Canariensis( Willd.) Griseb. (S. Canariensis Willd.). Canary Islands, nat. in southern U. S. Canary-island Tea-plant, Queensland Hemp. Leaves demulcent. Inner bark yields a strong tibre. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 345 1848. SIDALCEA, Gray.. Globe Mallow. Malvaceae. Name combined from ‘‘Sida’’ and ‘‘Alcea’’. Herbs. 27 species, California and Mexican border. 1849. SIDEROXYLON, L. Sideroxylon. Sapotaceae. From Greek, “iron wood”. Syn. Bumelia, Sapota, in part. Trees or shrubs. About 70 species, mostly tropical regions of southern hemisphere; 1 in U.S., viz. (a) S. mastichodén- dron Jacq., not Balb. (B. mastichodendron R. & S., B. pallida Swz.). Florida to West Indies. Mastic tree. b. S. dulcificum A. DC. of western Africa is called Miraculous- berry (fruit exceedingly sweet); (c) S. obovatum Gaertn. (B. cuneata Sw.), West Indies, is called Downward Plum, Saffron Plum, Ant’s-wood; (d) S. rugésum R. & S. (Sap. rugosa Griseb.), Brazil and West Indies, is called in Jamaica Beef Apple, or Bull Apple. 1850. SILAUS, Bernh. Meadow Saxifrage. Umbelliferae. Greek name of some umbelliferous plant. Perennial herbs, natives of Europe and Asia. (a) S. flavyéscens Bernh. (S. pratensis Bess,, Sium Silaus Roth.). Europe. Meadow Saxi- frage. 1851. SILENE, L. Catchfly, etc. Caryophyllaceae. From Greek, ‘‘saliva’’, alluding to the sticky secretion. Syn. Cucubalus, Behen, in part. Annual or perennial herbs. About 250 species, widely distributed; 62 in U. S., including nat. species. a. §. Arméria L. Europe, cult in gardens and nat. in U. S. Sweet William Catchfly, Garden or Lobel’s Catchfly, Dwarf French Pink, Mice Pink, Limewort Catchfly, None-so-pretty, Old-maid’s Pink, Pretty-Nancy, Sweet-Susan, Wax-plant. b. §. vulgaris (Moench) Garcke (C. Behen L. not S, Behen L., B. vulgaris Moench, 8. Cucubalus Wibel, S. inflata J. E. Sm. ). Europe and Asia, nat. in eastern U. S. Bladder Campion, Behen, Bull-rattle, Cow-bell, Devil's-rattlebox, Knap-bottle*, Maiden’s-tears, Rattle-bags, Sea Pink, Snappers, Spatling Poppy, Frothy Poppy, White Ben. Other notable species are (c) S. acaulis L., Arctic and Alpine Europe, Asia and N. America; Moss Campion, Moss Pink, Cushien Pink; (d) S. Alba Muhl. (C. niveus Nutt., S. nivea Otth.), Pennsylvania to lowa, Western White Camp- ion, Snowy Campion; (e) S. nutans L., Europe, adv. in U.S. Nodding Catchfly, Dover or Nottingham Catchfly; (f) S. régia Sims., southeastern U. S., Royal Catchfly, Pixie, Piskies, Wild Pink. 1852. SILPHIUM, L. (Silphion). Rosin-weed, etc. Compositae. Greek name of some resinous plant. Robust herbs with coarse foliage. About 13 species, all of U.S. a. 8. lacinidtum L. (S. gummiferum Ell.). Ohio to Alabama, west to Texas and S. Dakota. Rosin-weed, Compass-plant. Pilot-weed, Polar-plant. Herb resinous, somewhat aromatic. 346 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS b. S. perfolidtum L. Ontario and eastern U. S., west to Nebraska. Cup-plant, Indian-cup, Ragged-cup. c. S. terebinthindceum Jacg. Ohio to Georgia, west to Louisiana and Minnesota. Prairie Dock, Prairie Burdock, Rosin-plant, Rosin-weed, Turpentine Sunflower. Properties of (a). 1853. SIMABA, Aublet. Cedron. Simaroubaceae. ‘From vernacular, Guiana. Syn. Quassia, in part. Trees and shrubs. About 15 species, tropical South America. a. S. Cédron (R. Br.) Planch. (Q. Cedron R. Br.), Columbia and (b) S. ferruginea St. Hil., Brazil. Cedron. Seeds, Cedron seed, Rattlesnake’s-beans, Semen simabe s. cedronis; Ger. Cedronbohne, Cedronsamen; Fr. Cotylédon de cédron (Codex). Bitter, antidote to venom of serpents. 1854. SIMARUBA, Aubl. (Simarouba), Simaruhaceae. From vernacular name of (a), Guiana. Trees with bitter bark and wood. About 4 species, tropical America; 1 in U. S. See Picrasma. a. S. amdra Aubl. (S. officinalis DC., Q. Simaruba L. f.). Guiana to Brazil. Mountain Damson, Bitter Damson, Paradise tree, -Paraiba; in Guiana called Simaruba, in Martinique, Bois blanc. Bark of the root, Simaruba bark; Ger. Simarubarinde, Rubrrinde; bitter, tonic. b. S. glatica DC. (Q. glauca Spreng, S. officinalis Macf. not DC., S. medicinalis Endl.). West Indies and Central America. Paradise tree; Fr. Simarouba (Codex). Properties of (a).° 1855. SIMMONDSIA, Nutt. 1844. Simmondsia. Buxaceae. Named for T. W. Simmonds, English naturalist. Syn. Broc- chia, Mauri 1845. Evergreen shrub with acorn-like nuts. One species, California. 1856. SINAPIS, L. (originally Sinapi). Mustard. Cruciferae. The Greek name, from Celtic. Syn. Brassica, Leucosinapis, in part. Herbs of rank growth. About 5 species, southern Europe. a. 8. dlba™L. (L. alba Spach., B. alba Boiss.). Europe and west- ern Asia, adv. in U.S. White Mustard, Charlock, Kedlock, Senvre; Ger. Weisser Senf, Gelber Senf; Fr. Moutarde blanche (Codex); Sp. Mostaza blanco. Seeds, White or Yellow Mus- tard-seed; Sinapis Alba, U. S. P., Sem. eruce; laxative. Seed- leaves used as salad. 1857. SIPHONOGLOSSA, Oersted. Siphonoglossa. Acanthaceae. From Greek, ‘“‘tube tongue’. Suffrutescent plants. About 4 species, Mexico and adjacent territory; 1 in U. 8. 1858. SIPHONYCHIA, T. &Gr. Siphonychia. Caryophyllaceae. Annual herbs. About 4 species, western N. America; 3 in U.S. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 847 1859. SISON, L. Honewort. Umbelliferae. , Ancient Greek name. A slender herb. One species, (a) S. Amémum L., Europe to Asia Minor; Honewort, Bastard Stone-parsley. Seeds aromatic, used as a condiment. 1860. SISYMBRIUM, L. (Sysimbrium). Cruciferae. Ancient Greek name of an allied plant. Syn. Erysimum, Adans.; Arabis, Braya, in part. Annual or perennial herbs. About 50 species, widely distributed; 6 in U. 8S. a. S. officinale (L.) Scop. (E. officinale L.). Europe and north- ern Asia, nat. in U.S. Hedge Mustard, Bank Cress, Hedye- weed, California Mustard (locally), Lucifer-matches, Scramb- ling Rocket; Ger. Wilder Senf, Hederich; Fr. Erysimum, Vélar, Tortelle, Herbe aux chantres (Codex); Sp. Erésimo. Plant antiscorbutic, lithontriptic. Seeds pungent. 1861. SISYRINCHIUM, L. 1753. Blue-eyed Grass. Tridaceae. Ancient Greek plant name. Syn Bermudiana, Adans. 1763. Perennial scapose herbs with grass-like leaves. About 70 species, New World; 10 in U.S. a. §. angustifolium Mill. (S. anceps Cav., S. mucronatum Michx. B. graminifolia Medic. This with some other species has been erroneously referred to S. Bermudiana L.). British America, south to Virginia, Kansas and Colorado. Common Blue-eyed Grass, Pointed Blue-eyed Grass, Blue-grass*, Blue-eyed Lily, Blue-eyed Mary, Grass-flower, Pig-root, Rush Lily, Star-eyed Grass. Root acrid, cathartic. 1862. SITILIAS, Raf. 1836. False Dandelion. Cichoriaceae. Name unexplained. Syn. Pyrrhopappus (Kew), DU. 1838; Leontodon, Barkhausia, in part. Herbs with rather large heads of yellow flowers. Six known species, North America; 4in U.S. 1868. SIUM, L. Water Parsnip. Umbelliferae. The Greek name of a marsh plant, perhaps of Celtic origin. Perennial marsh herbs. About 8 species, north tem- perate zone and Africa; 3in U. 8. See Berula and Oxypolis. a. §. cicutaefélium Gmel. (S. lineare Michx.,S. latifolium of American authors, not of Lin.). British America, south to Florida, Louisiana and California. American Water Parsnip, Wild Parsnip. The plant is said to have poisonous properties. q b. S. latifélium L. Europe. European Water Parsnip, Root, Radix sii palustris, R. pastinace aquatice; poisonous. ce. §. Sistrum L. Japan, China and Siberia, also cult. Skirret (Skeryth, Skyryth, Skyrwort), Crummock; Ger. Zuckerwurzel; Fr. Sucrerot, Root esculent. 1864. SMELOWSKIA, C. A. Meyer. Smelowskia. Cruciferae. White-woolly alpine perennials. About 6 species, northern Asia and N. America; 3 in western U. S. 348 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS 1865. SMILAX, L. Sarsaparilla, etc. Smilaceae. Greek name of Yew, also of an Oak. Syn. Coprosmanthus, in part. Perennial climbers, commonly shrubby. About 195 species, most abundant in tropical America and Asia; 18 in U. 8. a. §. dspera L. Mediterranean region to India. Italian Sarsa- parla, Rough Bindweed. Properties of (e). b. S. China L. Japan and eastern Asia. Rhizome, China-root, Radix (Rhizoma s. Tuber) Chinae; Ger. Chinawurzel, Pocken- wurzel, Chinaknolle; Fr. Squine (Codex); alterative. « §. glyeyphylla Smith. Australia. Botany Bay Tea, Sweet Tea. Leaves used instead of tea. Root alterative. d. S. herbacea L. (C. herbaceus Kunth, S. pulverulenta Michx. ). Canada and eastern U. S. Carrion-flower, American Jacob’s- ladder. e. S. médica Sch. & Cham. Mexico. Mexican Sarsaparilla. Source of the Vera Cruz and Tampico Sarsaparilla. The word Sarsaparilla is from the Spanish, meaning ‘‘bramble-vine’’. Root {of this and (f)]; Sarsaparilla, U.S. P., Sarse Radix Br., Radix sarsaparillae s. sarsae; Ger. Sarsaparille, Sassaparille, Stechwindenwurzel, Sarsa; Fr. Salsepareille du Mexique (Co- dex); Sp. Zarzaparilla; alterative. f. S. officinalis Humb. & Kunth. New Granada. Source of Jamaica Sarsaparilla (the only variety recognized in the British Pharmacopoeia), Red Sarsaparilla, Bearded Sarsaparilla. See (e). g. S. papyrdacea Duham. Guiana to Brazil. This species yields a portion of the Brazilian Sarsaparilla (Rio Negro, Para or Lisbon Sarsaparilla), the exact botanical source of the several varieties being not vet ascertained. Other species which furnish medicinal sarsaparilla are (h) 8. cordato-ovata Richard, (i) _§S. euealyptifolia Kunth.; (j) S. ornata Hook. f.; (k) S. seabridscula Kunth, and (1) S. syphiliticea Kunth. m. S. Pseudo-China L. Southeastern U. S Bamboo Brier, American China-root, False or Bastard China-root, Long-stalk- ed Green-brier, Bull-brier. Riizome alterative. The rhizome of (n) 8S. Bona-nox L. (S. hastata Willd., 8. tamnoides A. moe not L.), Bristly or Fiddle-shaped Green-brier, is also o. §. rotundifélia L. (5. caduca L., 8. quadrangularis Willd. ). Ontario and eastern U.S. Green-brier, Cat-brier, Horse-brier, Bamboo-brier, Biscuit-leaves, Bread-and-butter, Devil’s Hop- vine, Hungry-vine, Nigger-head, Wait-a-bit. Rhizome altera- tive; largely used for making brier-wood pipes. 1866. SMYRNIUM, L. Alexanders. Umbelliferae. From Greek name of Myrrh. Herbs. About 8 species, middle and eastern Europe. (a) S, Olusatrum L. Alexan- ders, Alisander (Alshinder, Elshinder), Horse Parsley, Wild Celery, Wild or Macedonian Parsley, Meg-weed, Stan-march. Leajstalks used like celery. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 349 1867. SOLANUM, L. Potato, ete. Solanaceae. Latin name of Nightshade from solamen, ‘‘quieting’’. Syn. Cyphomandra, Dulcamara, in part. Herbs or shrubs. About 900 species, most abundant in tropical America; 23 in U. S. a. §. aculeatissimum Jacq. Asia and tropical America, nat. in southern U.S. Apple-of-Sodom, a name given also to other species having bright colored dry fruits. b. 8. Aethidpicum L. Tropical Africa, cult. in China and else where. ruit esculent, as is that of (c) S. betdceum Cav. [C. betacea Sendt (Kew)]; (d) S. édule Schum. & Thou. [Index Kew. makes this a syn. of (k)], Guinea; (e) S. Gilo Raddi, tropical America; (f) S. torvum Swz., tropical America; (g) S. Uporu Dunal, Oceanica; (h) S. véscum F. Muell., the Gunyang of Australia. See also (k), (1), (m). i. S. Carolinénse L. Ontario and eastern U.S. Horse-nettle, Apple-of-Sodom, Bull-nettle, Radical-weed. Berries and root, anodyne, antispasmodic, diuretic. j. S. Duleamara L. (D. flexuosa Moench). Europe, western Asia and northern Africa, nat. or possibly indigenous in U. 8. Bit- tersweet, Nightshade, Climbing or Woody Nightshade, Amara- dulcis, Blue Bindweed, Dwale, Felonwort, Fever-twig, Morrel, Poison-berry, Pushion-berry {, Poison-flower,Scarlet-berry, Skaw- coo, Snake-berry, Tether-devil, Terrididdlet, Violet-bloom, Wolf-grape; Ger. Bittersiiss, Hindischkraut; Fr. Morelle grim- pante; Sp. Dulcamara, Gloria. Young branches; Dulcamara, U. S. P., Stipites duleamare, mildly narcotic, sedative. k. S. Meléngena L., not Wall. (including S. esculentum Dun, the commonly cultivated variety). Tropical Asia, now widely cult. Egg-plant. Fruit, Egg Apple, Jew’s Apple, Mad Ap- ple, Vegetable Egg, Brinjal ( East indies), Aubergine (France), Begoon, Guinea Squash; esculent. The Peruvian (1) 8. muri- edtum Ait., Pepino, Melon shrub, is also cultivated for its melon-like fruit. The fruit of (m) S. Quitoénse Lam., Quito Orange, resembles an orange in size, color and taste. n. §. tuberésum L. South America, now widely cult. in many varieties. Potato, Common or Irish Potato; Ger. Kartoffle; Fr. Pomme de terre; Sp. Patata. Tubers, locally called spuds, esculent, source of potato starch. Some other species produce similar starchy tubers. o. S. nigrum L. A cosmopolitan weed, with numerous botanical synonyms. Black Nightshade, Common or Garden Night- shade, Duscle, Hound’s-berry, Petty-morel; Ger. Schwartzer Nachtschatten; Fr. Morelle (Codex). Herb vulnerary, perhaps feebly narcotic, but used as a pot herb. Berries edible. Other species of interest are (p) S. elaeagnifélium Cav,, Kansas to Arizona, Silver-leaved Nightshade, Trompillo; (q) S indigéferum St. Hil., Brazil, a source of indigo; (r) 3. paniculatum L., Brazil, Jerubeba, used as a tonic; (s) S. Pseudo-Capsicum L., Maderia, Jerusalem Cherry, Winter 350 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS Cherry, cult. for ornament, as is the Brazilian (t) S. capsi- castrum Link., Star Capsicum, Dwarf Cherry; (u) S. Pseudo- quina St. Hil., Brazil, Quina, which is bitter and febrifuge; (v) S. rostratum Dun. (S. heterandrum Pursh), Nebraska to Mexico, Sand-bur, Buffalo-bur, Beaked Nightshade, the original food-plant of the Colorado beetle. 1868. SOLENOSTEMMA, Hayne. Arghel. Asclepiadaceae. From Greek, ‘tube garland’, Syn. Cynanchum, Gompho- carpus. in part. A hoary undershrub. One species, northern Africa. (a) §. Argel (Delile) Hayne (C. Argel Del., C. oleefolium Nect., C. fruticosa R. Br.). Egypt to Syria. Arghel, Argel, Leaves found as an adulterant of Alexandria senna. 1869. SOLIDAGO, L. Golden-rod. Compositae. From Greek, ‘‘healing’’. Syn. Doria, Adans. Perennial herbs with small heads of yellow (or yellowish) flowers, gene- rally in a terminal panicle or thyrsus. About 90 species, mostly of N. America; 83in U. 8. Flower-of-gold, Yellow- top. Proposed as the national flower of our country. a. S. odéra Ait. Canada and eastern U.S. Sweet Golden-rod, Anise-scented or True Golden-rod, Blue Mountain Tea. Leaves anise-scented; astringent, diaphoretic, carminative. b. S. Virgaurea L. (D. Virgaurea Scop.). Europe, also north- eastern U. S. European Golden-rod, Aaron’s-rod, Wound- wort; Ger. Goldruthe, Heidnisch-Wundkraut, Gulden-Wund- kraut; Fr. Verge d’or; Sp. Vara de oro. Herb, H. virgaurex, H. consolide saracenice; diuretic, lithontriptic, vulnerary. Note-worthy indigenous species are (c) S. bicolor L., White or Pale Golden-rod, Silver-rod, Silver-weed, Bellyache- weed; (d) S. Canadénsis L. (S. altissima L.), one of the most common species, Canada Golden-rod, High or Double Golden-rod, Yellow-weed; (e) S. Juncea Ait. (S. arguta T. & Gr.), Early Golden-rod, Sharp-toothed or Pyramid Golden- rod, Plume Golden-rod; (f) 8. memoralis Ait., Gray or Field Golden-rod, Dwarf Golden-rod, Dyer’s-weed; (g) S. rugésa Mill. (S. altissima Ait.,not L.), Wrinkle-leaved Golden-rodé, Tall Hairy Golden-rod, Dyer's-weed, Bitter-weed, Pyramid Golden-rod, a name applied to several of the more shuwy spe- cies. 1870. SOLIVA, Ruiz. & Pav. Soliva. Compositae. Perhaps a play on ‘‘Salvia’’. Low herbs. About 15 species, mostly in warmer regions of New World; 2 in U. 8S. 1871. SONCHUS, L. Sow Thistle. Cichoriaceae. The ancient Greek name. Succulent herbs with rather small pons a yellow flowers. About 45 species, Old World; 4 nat. in U. S. a. S. arvénsis L, Europe and Asia, adv. in U.S. Corn Sow- thistle, Milk Thistle, Swine Thistle, Tree Sow-thistle, Dindle, Gut-weed, Rose-may. Q SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 351 b. S. olericeus L. Europe and Asia, nat. in U.S, and widely elsewhere. Sow Thistle, Annual or Common NSow-thistle, Hare’s Lettuce, Hare’s Colewort, Hare's-palace, Hare’s Thistle, Milk Thistle (Dashel), Milkweed*, Milky-dickles, Milky-tas- sels, Sow-dindle, Sow-dingle, St. Mary’s-seed, Swinies; Ger. Giinsedistel, Saudistel; Fr. Laiteron. Leaves bitter, used as a pot herb. The similar (c) S. aspera L. is popularly known by the same names. 1872. SONNEA, Greene. Sonnea. Boraginaceae. Syn. Plagiobothrys, in part. Herbs. Six species in west- ern U.S. 1878. SOPHIA, Adans. 1763. Tansy-mustard. Cruciferae. From Greek, “wise”, Syn. Descurainia, Webb & Barth. 1836; Erysimum and Sisymbrium (Kew), in part. Hoary- pubescent herbs, some shrubby. About 12 species, mostly of north temperate zone; 6 in U.S. a. S. Séphia (L.) Brit. (Sis. Sophia L., Sophia vulgaris Fourr., D. Sophia Webb. ). | Europe and Asia, adv. in U.S. Flix- weed, Herb Sophia, Fine-leaved Hedge-mustard. Plant astrin- gent, vulnerary. 1874. SOPHORA, L. Sophora. Papalionaceae. From Arabic, sofara, a yellow plant; whence our word safron. Syn. Astragalus, in part. Perennial herbs, shrubs or even trees, About 25 species, warmer regions; 6 in U. 8. a. S. Japonica L. Japan and China. Pagoda-tree, Yen-ju- Buds, called Waifa or Chinese-berries, yield a yellowdye. Bark, flowers, ete. purgative. b. S. secundifléra (Cav.) DC. (S. speciosa Benth.). Texas. Coral-bean, Frigolito. Seeds narcotic, containing an alkaloid, sophorine. Similar properties belong to (c) S. sericea Nutt. (A. carnosus Pursh), Prairies, Nebraska to Arizona; Silky Sophora. 1875. SORBUS, L. Mountain Ash. Pomaceae. The ancient Latin name of (e), whence English sorb and service. Syn. Aria, Pyrus (Kew); Mespilus, in part. Trees or shrubs with pinnate leaves and berry-like fruit. About 7 spe- cies, north temperate zone; 3 in U.S. a. S. Americana Marsh. (S. microcarpa Pursh, P. Americana DC.). Canada and northeastern U.S. American Mountain- Ash, Dogberry, American Service-tree, Indian Mozemize, Mis- sey-moosey, Moose-misse, Life-oftman, American Rowan-tree, Round-tree, Round-wood, Mountain Sumac, Quick-beam, Wild Ash, Wine-tree, Witch-wood. In the West this is replaced by the very similar (b) S. sambueifolia (C. &S.) Roem. « §. Aria Cranz. (A. Graeca Roem., M. Aria Scop., P. Aria (L.) Ehrh.). Europe and northern Asia. White-beam, Chess Ap- ple, Hen Apple, Hoar Withy, Lot-tree, Mulberry*, Sea Ouler, Service-berry (Scotland), Whip-beam, Widbin Pear-tree; Ger. Mehlbeerbaum; Ir. Alisier. 352 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS d. S. Aucuptria L. (M. Aucuparia Scop., P. Aucuparia Gaertn. ). Europe and western Asia. European Mountain-Ash, Rowan tree (Roan, Royne, Rawn, Roddin), Round-tree, Service-tree*, Quick-beam, Whistle-wood, Wicky, Wicken tree (Wiggen, Wiggin), Wild Ash, Witchen, Wychen, Witch-wood, Witch Hazel*, Witty tree; Ger. Eberesche, Vogelbeere; Fr. Sorbes. Unripe fruit and bark astringent. e, S. doméstica L. (P. domestica Sm. (Kew), P. Sorbus Gaertn. ). Europe. Sorb Apple, Sorb, Service-berry, Corme, Checker (i. e. choker) tree, Whitty Pear, Whitten Pear. Fruit astrin- gent, antiscorbutic. 1876. SORGHUM, Pers. Sorghum, ete. Gramineae. From vernacular, East Indies. Syn. Andropogon, Holcus, in part. Robust grasses. About 13 species, warmer regions. a. S. Halepénse (L.) Pers. (H. Halepensis L., A. Halepense Brot.). Europe and Asia, nat. in U. 8. and widely elsewhere. Possibly the original of (b). Johnson Grass, Means Grass (Southern States), Egyptian Grass, Egyptian Millet, Cuba or Guinea Grass, Australian or Moroccu Millet, Maiden Cane. b. S. vulgare Pers. (A. Sorghum Brot., A. sativus Hack.). Africa or India, now cult. widely in numerous varieties. Indian, Pearl or Black Millet. Var. eérnuum (Willd. )Gray( A. cernuus Roxb., 8. cernuum Willd.) is Guinea Corn; var. Durra is the prolific Durra or Doura of India, and perhaps includes the African Millet or Kafir Corn, in U.S. called Guinea Corn, Coffee Corn, Chocolate Corn (used as substitute for coffee); var. téchnicuin is Broom Corn; var. saccharatum (L.) Gray (H. saccharatus L., A. saccharatus Roxb.) is Chinese Sugar-cane, Sorghum, Imphee, cult. for fodder and formerly as a source of sugar. ‘1877. SORINDEIA, Thou. Sorindeia. —_Anacardiaceae, Trees or shrubs. About 6 species, tropical Africa and Mada- gascar. (a) 8. Madagascarénsis DC., Madagascar, cult. in India, produces in profusion a delicious fruit. 1878. SOULAMEA, Lam. Bitter-king. Simarubaceae. From vernacular, Moluccas, “‘king of bitters’’. Shrubs. About 8 species, East Indies. (a) S. amara Lam. (Cardio- carpus amarus Reinw., Cardiophora Hindsii Benth.). Mo- lucca Islands. Bitter-king. Bitter tonic, febrifuge. 1879. SOYMIDA, Juss. Bastard Cedar. Meliaceae. From vernacular, Telugu. Syn. Swietenia, in part. Tree with bitter bark and hard wood. Two species, tropical Africa and East Indies. a. §. febrifuga (Willd. ) Juss. (8. febrifuga Willd. ). East Indies. Rohan, Rohun, Rohuna, Bastard Cedar, Indian Red-wood Red Cedar*, Kast Indian Mahogany, Juribali*. Bark astrin— gent, tonic. 1880. SPARATTOSPERMA, Mart. Caroba*. Bignoniaceae. Syn. Jacaranda, Tecoma, in part. ‘recs. ‘lwo species,. Brazil. (a) S. lithontripticum Mart., is one of the plants. known in Brazil as Caroba, called also Jacaranda branca. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 353 1881. SPARGANIUM, L. Bur-reed, Levers. Sparganiaceae, Ancient Greek name, from ribbon-like leaves. Aquatic or paludal plants with globose flower-heads. About 12 species, cooler regions; 6 in U. S. Synonyms are Bur-flag, Bede-sedge (-segg, -seggin), Knop-sedge, Reed-grass. 1882. SPARTIUM, L. Spanish Broom. Papilionaceae. Latin from the Greek name, signifying ‘‘cordage’. Syn. Genista, Spartianthus, in part. Shrub, nearly leafless, with fragrant yellow blossoms. One species, Mediterranean region. a. S. junceum L. (8. junceus Link, G. Hispanica Law.). Medi- terranean region and Canary Islands. Spanish Broom. Twigs and seeds bitter, diuretic, emeto-cuthartic. 1888. SPATHYEMA, Raf. 1808. Skunk Cabbage. Araceae. From Greek, referring to the spathe. Syn. Symploearpus, Salisb. 1818, Ictodes, Bige]. 1819; Pothos, Dracontium, in part. Perennial herb. One species, northern Asia and North Amer- ica (U.8.). a. §. foétida (L.) Raf. (D. foetidum L., I. feetidus Bigel., Symp- locarpus foetidus Nutt., P. toetida Michx.). Canada and east- ern U. S. Skunk Cabbage, Skunk-weed, Polecat-weed, Mea- dow Cabbage, Swamp Cabbage, Collard, Fetid Hellebore, Stinking Poke, Pock-weed; Ger. Stinkende Drachenwurz; Fr. Pothos fétide. Rhizome and roois, Lracontium, U.S. P. 1870; acrid, expectorant, antispasmodic. 1884. SPERGULA, L. Spurry. Caryophyllaceae. From Latin, ‘‘scattering’’ its seeds. Obscure annuals. Two or three species, weeds of Old World. a. §. arvénsis L. Europe and Asia, adv. in U. 8S. Spurry, Corn Spurry, Beggar-weed, Cow-quake, Devil’s-guts, Farmer’s- ruin, Pick purse, Pine-cheat, Sand-weed, Yarr; Ger. Acker- spergel; Fr. Spergule. Plant occasionally grown for fodder. 1885. SPERMACOCE, L. Button-weed. Rubiaceae. From Greek, “seed’’ and ‘‘point’’. Herbs with small clus- tered flowers. About 175 species, tropical regions of Old and New World; 4 in U. 8. Several species furnish substitutes for Ipecac. 1886. _SPERMOLEPIS, Raf.1825,not Brongn.1863. Umbelliferae. From Greek ‘‘seed’’ avd ‘‘scale’. Syn. Leptocaulis, Nutt. 1829; Daucus, Apium (Kew), in part. Slender annuals with dissected leaves. Two species, southern U. 8. 1887. SPHACELE, Benth. Sphacele. Labiatae. From Greek, ‘‘sage like’. Strong-scented shrubs, warmer regions of New World; 2 in western U. 8. 1888. SPHAERALCEA, St. Hil.1825.Globe Mallow. Malvaceae. From Greek, ‘‘globe Mallow’. Syn. Phymosia, Desv. 1825. Herbs or shrubs. About 35 species, America and 8. Africa; 23 in southwestern U.S. (a) S. Cisplatina St. Hil. of Brazil is used like marsh-mallow. 354 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS 1889. SPHAEROCOCCUS, Stackh. Worm Moss. Gigartineae. From Greek, ‘spherical berry”. Syn. Alsidium, Ceramium, Fucus, Gigartina, Helminthochortus, in part. Sea-weeds. a. §. Helminthochérton (L.) Agardh. (F. Helminthochorton L., H. officinarum Link. In commerce always mixed with other seaweeds). Mediterranean Sea. Helminthochorton, Corsican Moss, Corsican Worm-weed, Worm Moss, Crow-silk; Ger. Wurmmoos, Wurmtang, Seebusch; Fr. Mousse de Corse (Co- dex). Plant anthelmintic, resolvent. b. S. compréssus Agardh. One of the seaweeds furnishing Agar- agar. See Eucheuma. 1890. SPHAEROSTIGMA, Small. Primrose*. Onagraceae. From Greek, ‘‘globe stigma’. Syn. Oenothera (Kew), in part. Herbs. About 17 species in western U. S. 1891. SPHENOCLEA, Gaertn. 1788. Sphenoclea. Campanulaceae. From Greek, ‘‘wedge pressed’’. Syu. Pongatium, Juss. 1789. Annual herb. One species, widely distributed (U. S.). 1892. SPIGELIA, L. Pink-root. Loganiaceae. Named for Adrian von der Spigel, Belgian physician, d. 1825. Herbs with red, yellow or purple flowers. About 35 species, New World; 6 in U. S. a. §. Anthélmia L. Tropical America. Demerara Pink-root, West India Pink-root, Brazilian Spigelia; Fr. Spigélie anthel- minthique (Codex). Properties of (b). b. S. Marylandica L. New Jersey to Florida, west to Texas and Wisconsin. Indian Pink, Carolina Pink, Maryland Pink, Lori- ceral], Siarbloom, Worm-grass,.Worm-weed; Ger. Maryland- ische Spigelie; Fr. Spigélie du Maryland. Root, Pink-root; Spigelia, U.S. P., narcotic, used only as an anthelmintic. 1893. SPILANTHES, Jacq. (Spilanthus). Compositae. From Greek, “spot-fluwer’. Syn. Acmella. Annual or perennial herbs with rather small flower-heads. About 30 spe- cies, mostly tropical; 1 in U.S. a. §. olerdcea L. South America (?), cult. in all tropical coun- tries. Para Cress; Ger. Farakresse; Fr. Cresson de Para (Co- dex). Plant pungent, used chiefly as an adjuvant to pellitory in the compound tincture called Paraguay roux. (b) Sy Acmélla Murr. (A. Mauritiana Richard), the East Indian Alphabet-plant, has the same properties. 1894. SPINACEA, L. Spinach. Chenopodiaceae. _ From Latin, “spinose’’, whence the English name. Unattract- ive annuals, resembling Chenopodium. One or two species, Old World. ‘a. S. olerdcea L. Probably from Asia, now widely cult. as a pot herb. Spinach (Spinage); Fr. Epinard; Sp. Espinaca. The Schamum of central Asia may be a distinct species. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 355 1895. SPIRAEA, L. Spiraea, Meadow-Sweet, etc. Rosaceae. Latin from the Greek name, “twisted” alluding to the fol- licles. Syn. Filipendula, Tourn. Low or tall shrubs, many eenental About 60 species, north temperate zone; 11 in a. S. Filipéndula L. (F. vulgaris Moench). Europe. Dropwort, Droopwort. b. S. hypericifélia L. Europe and Siberia and cult. in gardens. Bridal-wreath, May-wreath, Italian May, St. Peter’s-wreath. Flowers astringent. c. S. salicifolia L. Northern Asia, Europe and N. America, sonth to Georgia and Missouri. Common Meadow-sweet (of America), Willow-leaved Meadow-sweet, Bride-wort, Quaker- lady, Queen-of-the-meadow*, Queen’s-needlework, Mock Wil- low, Spice Hardhack. d. S. tomentosa L. Canada, south to Georgia and Kansas. Hard hack, Steeple-bush, Purple Hardhack, Spice Hardhack, Horse- weed*, Pink Meadow-sweet, Meadow-queen, Poor-nian’s-soap, Rosy-bush, Silver-leaf, Silver-weed, White-cap, White-leaf, Spirea. Bark and leaves astringent. 1896. SPIRODELA, Schleid. Duckweed. Lemnaceae. From Greek. Syn. Lemna, in part. Minute floating plants. Two species; 1 in U.S., viz. (a) 8. polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. (L. polyrhiza L.), Greater Duckweed. 1897. SPIROSTACHYS, Wats. Spirostachys. Chenopodiaceae. Fleshy, nearly leafless plants. About 3 species, two of South America, one of western U. 8. 1898. SPONDIAS, L. Hog Plum, ete. Anacardiaceae. From Greek name ofa kind of Plum. Trees, some producing edible fruit. About 5 species, tropical regions uf both hemi- spheres. a. S. dulcis G. Forst. (S. lutea Royen, S. acida Blume, S. fragrans Pav.). Fiji and Society Islands and commonly cult. in tropi- cal countries. Vi tree, Rewa. Fruit, Vi-fruit, Vi-apple, Tahiti Apple, acidulous, esculent. b. S. hitea L. (S. myrobalans L.; S. Mombin Jacq., not L.). Tropical America. Jamaica Plum, Hog Plum, Golden Apple. Flower buds used for a sweetmeat. Fruit laxative, esculent. 1899. SPRAGUEA, Tor. Spraguea. Portulacaceae. Herbs closely related to Claytonia. Four species in western U.S. 1900. STACHYS, L. Hedge-Nettle, Woundwort. Labiatae. Ancient Greek name of a species having ‘‘spiked’’ intlores- cence. Annual or perennial herbs. About 150 species, mostly of north temperate zone; 24 in U. S., including some naturaliz- ed species; Ger. Ziest; Fr. Epiaire; Sp. Yerba de la feridura. 356 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS a. S. palustris L. Europe, Asia, northern N. America, south to New York and New Mexico. Hedgenettle, Marsh Wound- wort, Clown’s Woundwort, Clown-heal, Clown’s All-heal, Cock- head, Dead-nettle, Rough-weed, Runch, Swine Arnut; Ger. Stinknessel, Sumpfziest; Fr. Ortie rouge. Plant reputed vul- nerary, antispasmodic, nauseant, emmenagogue. Some other species have been also used. 1901. STANFORDIA, Wats. Stanfordia. Cruciferae. Herb. One species, California. 1902, STAPHYLEA, L. Bladder-nut. Staphyleaceae. From Greek, ‘‘cluster’’ (of grapes). Shrubs. About 6 spe- cies, north temperate zone; 2 in U.S. 1908. STATICE, L. 1753. Thrift, ete. Plumbaginaceae. Greek name of an astringent herb, blood ‘‘staunching’’. Syn. Armeria, Willd. 1809; Limonium, Adans. 1763, in part. Scapose fleshy herbs. About 20 species, widely distributed; lin U.S. a. S. Arméria L. (A. vulgaris Willd ). Europe. northern Asia and N. America, south to California. Thrift, European Thrift, Cliff Rose, Cushion Pink, Ladies’-cushion, Sea-cushion, Marsh or Sea Daisy, French or Scawfall Pink, Sea Pink, Red-root*, Rock Rose*, Sea Gilliflower, Sea-grass, Sea Thrift. Root astringent. See Limonium. b. S. mucronata L. Morocco. Safrifa. Root nervine. 1904. STEIRONEMA, Raf. Loosestrife, ete. Primulaceae. From Greek, ‘sterile filaments’. Syn. Lysimachia, in part. Perennial herbs with axillary vellow flowers. About 5 species, all of U.S. (a) S. quadrifidrum (Sims) Hitche. (L. quad- riflora Sims, L. longifolia Pursh), Canada and eastern U.S., Linear-leaved LoosestrifeZ, is called Prairie Moneywort. 1905. STEMODIA, Goatweed. Scrophulariaceae. Shortened {rom Stemodiacia, Greek, ‘two tipped stamen’’. Herbs, someshrubby. About 30 species, mostly tropical; 2 in U.S. (a) S. durantifolia Swz., Arizona to Brazil, is called Goat- weed. 1906. STENANDRIUM, Nees. Stenandrium. Acanthaceae. From Greek, ‘‘slender stemmed”. Herbs. About 20 species, warmer regions of New World, 2 in southwestern U. S. 1907. STENANTHIUM, Kunth. Stenanthium. Melanthaceae, From Greek, ‘‘narrow petuled’’, Syn. Helonias, Veratrum, in part. Bulbous herbs with linear leaves, the flowers in an ample terminal panicle. Five species, Mexico and adjacent region; 3 in U. S. 1908. STENOPHRAGMA, Celak. Mouse-earCress,etc. Cruciferae, From Greek, with “narrow septum”. Syn. Arabis, Sisym- brium, in part. Herb. Onespecies only. (a) 8. Thalidna (L.) Celak (A. Thaliana L., Sis. Thabarum Gray). Europe and northern Asia, nat. in U.S. Mouse-ear Cres, Thale Cress, Wall Cress, Rock Cress, Turkey-pod. Plant antiscorbutie. ’ SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 357 1909. STENORHYNCHUS, Rich. Stenorhynchus. Orchidaceae. _ From Greek, “narrow beaked’’ Syn. Spiranthes (Kew), in part. Terrestrial orchids, with showy flowers. About 10 species, warmer regions of New World; 1 in U. S. 1910. STENOSIPHON, Spach. Stenosiphon. Onagraceae. From Greek, with ‘‘slender” calvx ‘tube’. Syn, Gaura, in part. A perennial herb, the white flowers in slender terminal spikes. One species, Kansas tu Colo ado and southward. 1911, STENOTUS, Nutt. Stenotus. Compositae. From Greek, “narrow” leaved. Syn. Aplopappus (Kew), in part. Low undershrubs with evergreen leaves, and rather large heads of yellow flowers. About 18 species, western N. America; 7 in U. S. 1912. STERCULIA, L. Chica, ete. Sterculiaceae. From Latin, allud ng to disgusting odor of some species. Trees with fibrous inner bark. About 85 species, mostly of tropical Asia. a. S. Chfea St. Hil, (S. CarthagenensisR. Br.). Brazil. Panama tree, China tree. Seeds ea'en as nuts. ‘The Australian Calool tree, (b) S. quadrifida R. br., and some other species yield also edible seeds. e. §. Tragacintha Lindl. Northwestern Africa. Source of Afric- an or Senegal Tragacanth. (d) S. urens Roxb., India, is the reputed source of Kuteera (Kutera) or Bassora gum, called also Invian tragacanth. Seeds edible. 1918, STEVIA, Cav. Stevia. - Compositae. Named for Prof. Esteve of Valencia. Herbs or sutshrubs. About 100 species, warmer regions of New World; 6 in U.S. 1914. STILLINGIA, L. Stillingia. Euphorbiaceae. Named for Dr. B. Stillingfleet English botanist, 18th Century. Syn. Sapium, in part. Ilerbs or shrubs. About 15 species. tropical America and Oceanica; 7 in U. 8. a. S. sylyitica L. (Sapium sylvaticum Torr.). Southeastern U.S. Queen’s-delight, Cock-up-hat, Marcory{, Nettle-porato, Queen-rvot, Silver-leaf, Yaw-rovt; Ger., Fr. Stillingie. Root; Stillinzia, U. 8. P., sia agugue, alterative, expectorant. 1915. STIPULICIDA, Michx. S ipulicida. Caryophyllaceae. Herbs. Two species, both of U. 8. 1916. STOKESIA, L’ Her. (not Stocksia, Benth.). Compositae. Na-ned for Dr. Jonathan Stokes, Enghsh botanist, d. 1831. Shrubs with spinose leaves and large heads of purple-blue flowers resembling the China Aster. One species, (a) 5. laévis (Hill) Greene, Gulf States, a rare plant, called Stokes’ Aster. 1917. STREPTANTHUS, Nutt. Streptanthus. Cruciferae. From Greek, ‘‘twisted flower”, the petals borne on a twisted claw Annualor perennial herbs. About 38 specics, south- western U.S. (a) S. maculatus Nutt. (8. obtusifolius Hook.) is called Arkansas Cabbage. 358 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS 1918. STREPTOPUS, Michx. Twisted-stalk. Convallariaceae. From Greek, ‘‘twisted foot’’, the peduncle being bent or twisted in the middle. Syn. Uvularia, in part. Perennial herbs re-embling Sulomon’s-seal. About 5 species, north tem- perate zone; 3 in U.S. Called also Liver-berry. 1919. STROPHANTHUS, DC. Strophanthus. Apocynaceae. From Greek, “twisted flower’, alluding to the twisted and tailed lobes of the corolla. Trees, shrubs or climbers. About 20 species, tropical Africa and Asia. a. §. hispidus DC. var. Kombé Oliver. [S. Kombe Oliv. (Kew)]. Tropical Africa. Source of the African arrow-poisons, Kombe, Inée (Ineh, Onage ,Onaye, Wanika). Seeds, deprived of the awn, Strophanthus, U. S. P., Semen Strophanthi P. G.; cardiac tonic, resembling digitalis in action. 1920. STROPHOLIRION, Tor. Stropholirion. _ Liliaceae. From Greek, ‘‘twisted lily’. Syn. Brodiza, in part. Sca- pose herb. One species, California. 1921. STROPHOSTYLES, Ell. Wild-bean. Papilionaceae. From Greek, ‘‘twisted style’. Syn. Phaseolus (Kew), in part. Mostly herbaceous vines. About 6 species, New World; 3in U.S. 1922, STRUMPFIA, Jacq. 1760. | Strumpfia. — Rubiaceae. Named for C. C. Strumpf. Syn. Patsjotti, Adans. 1763. Low shrub. One species, Florida. 1928. STRYCHNOS, L. (Strychnus). Loganiaceae, Greek name of a poisonous plant. Syn. Ignatia, Ignatiana, in part. Trees, shrubs or climbers. About 65 species, tropical regions of Asia and America. a. S. colubrina L. Malabar. Snake-wood tree. Wood of this and some other species (containing strychnine), is regarded in India an antidote to the venom of serpents. See (d). b. S. Ignatii Lind]. (Ignatia amara L. fils., the oldest name, but with false description, 8. Philippinensis Blanco, Ignatiana Philippica Lour. According to Eng. and Prantl, §. multiflora Benth.). Philippine Islands, nat. in Cochin China. Bean of St. Ignatius, Ignatius Bean, Ignatia Bean. Seeds; Ignatia, U.S. P. 1880, Semen Ignatiz, Faba ignatii, Faba febrifuga; Ger. Ignatiusbohne, Ignazbohne; Fr. Féve de Saint-Ignace (Codex), Féve igasurique; Sp. Haba de San Ignacio; bitter tonic, tetanizing poison, containing strychnine and brucine. c. S. Malaccénsis Benth. (S. Gaultheriana Pierre). Southeast- ern Asia. Bark, the chief active constituent of the Chinese Hoang-nan, a reputed cure for leprosy. d. S. Nux-vomica L. India to Australia. | Nux-vomica tree. Seeds Nux-vomica, Dog-buttons, Quaker-buttons, Crow-fig, Bachelor’ s-buttons*, Poison-nut, V omit-nut, Nux vomica U.S P., Br., Semen strychni, Nuces vomice, Nux metella; Ger. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 359 Strychnoscamen, Brechnuss, Krahenaugen; Fr. Noix vomique (Codex); Sp. Nuez vomica; bitter tonic, tetanizing poison, containing strychnine and biucine. Bark, False Angostura bark. Wood suld as snake-wuod. See (a). e. S. potatorum L. India. Clearing-nut tree. Seeds, Clearing- nuts, Indian-gum nuts, used to clarify drinking water. Pulp of fruit edible, as in (f) and some other species. f. §. Tieute Leschenault. Java. Chettik. Anesxtract of the root- baik is u-ed in preparation of the arrow-poison, Upas tieute or Upas radja. Sce Antiaris. g. S. toxifera Schomh. Amazon basin. An extract of the bark constitutes one of the principal e nstituents of the South Amer- ican arrow-poison, Urari. Several other species of Strychnos are also used. Ihe comp: und extract is known as Curare, Wourari, Wourali, Woorara, etc., and is official inthe French Codex as Curare. A sedative poison, antagonizing strychnine. h. S. sp. indet. A shrub of western Africa, probablv of this genus, is locally known as Akazga, M’boundou, Boundou, Ikaju or Quai. An infusion of the bark is used as an ordeal. It con- tains strychnine or a related alkaloid. 1924, STUARTLA, L. (originally Stewartia). Theaceae. Named for John Stuart, Marquis of Bute. Syn. Malacho- dendron, in part. Shrubs with large showy flowers. About 6 species, north America and Japan; 2 in U.S. 1925. STRYPHNODENDRON, Mart. Mimosaceae. From Greek, ‘‘astringent tree’. Trees related to Inga. About 10 species, S. America. 8. 8. polyphyilam Martius. Brazil. Barbatimao, Barbimao. Bark, Cortex adstringens brasiliensis, astringent. See Acacia Jurema. 1926. STYLOCLINE, Nutt. Stylocline. Compositae. From Greek, ‘column bed’’, i. e. columnar receptacle. Syn. Ancistrocarphus, Micropus, in part. Floccose-woolly annuals. About 4 species, Pacific border of U. S. 1927. STYLOPHORUM, Nutt. Stylophorum. Papaveraceae. From Greek, ‘‘style bearing’. Syn. Chelidonium, Meconop- sis, in part. Herbs with yellow sap. About 4 species, eastern Asia and N. America; 1 in U. S. a. §. diphyllum (Michx.) Nutt. (C. diphyllum Michx., M. diphylla DU.). Ohio to Wisconsin and Missouri. Yellow Poppy, Celandine Poppy. 1928. STYLOSANTHES, Swz. Pencil-flower, etc. Papilionaceae. From Greek, ‘pillar flower”, alluding to stalk-like calyx- tube. Syn. Trifolium, in part. Perennial herbs or under- shrubs. About 25 species, warmer regions of Old and New World; 2in U. 8. 360 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS a. §. bifléra (L). B. S. P. (T. biflorum L., S. elatior Swz.). New York to Florida, west to Indian Territory. Pencil-flower, Afterbirth-weed. Plant reputed a uterine sedative. 1929. STYRAX, L. Storax. Styracaceae. The Greek name of S. officinalis. Syn. Benzoin, in part. Shrubs or trees. About 70 species, America, Asia and southern Europe; 5in U. S. [Index Kewensis makes this of neuter gender. ] a. §. Benzéin Dryander (B. odoriferum Nees, B. officinale Hayne). East Indies, enlt. in Sumatra. Benzoin tree, (Benjamin tree), Resinous exudate, Gum Benzoin, Gum Benjamin, Benzoin; Ben- zoinum, U. S. P., Br., Benzoéd P. G., Resina benzoé, Asa dulcis; Ger. Benzoéharz; Fr. Benjoin de Sumatra (Codex ); Sp. Benjui. [From young trees is obtained the ‘‘head benzein’’ of the natives, from older ones the ‘‘belly benzoin’’? with fewer “Gears”, finally from the wood of spent trees is obtained ‘‘foot benzoin”]. Stimulant, balsamic, vulnerary, expectorant. A source of benzoic acid. Siam benzoin; Fr. Benjoin de Siam (Codex), is obtained probably from another, as yet undeter- mined, species of Styrax. b. S. grandifolia Ait. Southeastern U.S. Mock Orange, Large- leaved Storax. The name Spring Orange 1s given sometimes to (c) S. americina Lam. d.’§S. officinalis L. Southern Europe and western Asia. The original Storax tree. Source of genuine hard Storax, Styrax calamitus v. solidus, Scohs styracina; used for incense, no longer collected for medicinal use. From (e) S. punctata DC. of central America is also obtained a kind of frankincense. 1930. SUBULARIA, L. Water Awlwort. “Cruciferae. From Latin, ‘‘awlwort’’, alluding to subulate leaves. Small aquatic annuals. Two species, one in Africa, the other in higher latitudes of northern hemisphere (U. S.). 1981. SUCKLEYA, Gray. Suckleya. Chenopodiaceae. Herb. One species, western U. S. Syn. Atriplex, in part. 1932. SULLIVANTIA, Tor. & Gr. Sullivantia. Saxifragaceae. Named for Wm. S arling Sullivant, American botanist, d. 1873. Perennial herbs, clovelv related to Therofou. Two known species, both of western U. S. 1938. SWERTIA, L. Chiretta. Gentianaceae. Named for Emanuel Sweert, herbalist of 17th Century. Syn. Agathotes, Ophelia, also Gentiana, in part. Annual or peren- nial herbs. About 55 species, mostly of Old World. a. S. Chirayita (Roxh.) Lyons (G. Chirayita Roxb., ©. Chirata Griseb., S. Chirata Ham., A. Chirayta Don). Northern India. Chiretta, Chirata, Chirayta, East Indian Balmony; Ger. Ost- indischer Enzian; Fr. Chirette. Plant; Shirata, U.S. P., Br., Chiretta, U. S. P. 1870; bitter tonic. Other species also are used in India under the same name. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 361 19384. SWIETENIA, Jacq. 1760. Mahogany tree. Meliaceae. Named for Dr. Gerard von Swieten, Australian physician, d. 1772. Syn. Mahogani, Adans. 1763, Cedrust, Cedrela, in part. ie Three species, Central America and West Indies; 1 in 23. a. S. Mahagoni Jacq. (S. Mahogani DC., 8S. Mahogoni Lam., Cedrela Mahagoni L., Cedrus Mahogani Mill.). West Indies to Florida and Mexico. Mahogany, Madeira-wood. Bark bitter, astringent, febrifuge. Wood valued for furniture, ete. 1935. SYMPETALEIA, Gray. Sympetaleia. _ Lonsaceae. From Greek, with “united petals’. One species in U. 8. 1986. SYMPHORICARPOS, Juss.Snow-berry,etc.Caprifoliaceae. From Greek, ‘‘clustered fruit’. Syn. Symphoricarpa. Neck., Symphoricarpus, Dill., Symphoria Pers.; Lonicera, in part. Shrubs, somewhat ornamental in fruit. About 10 species, N. America; 8 in U. 8. a. S. occidentalis Hook. Michigan to Colorado and northwest- ward. Wolf-berry, Buck-bush; (b) S. racemdésns Michx., British America, south to Kentucky, Minnesota and California. Snow-berry, Snow-drop*, Snow-drop-berry, Kgg-plant®, Wax- berry*; (c) S. Symphoricirpos (L.) MacM. (L. Symphori- carpos L, S. orhiculatus Moench ( Kew), 8. vulgaris Michx. ). New Jersey to Texas and Dakota. Coral-berry, [Indian Cur- rant, Buck-bush, Snap-berry, ‘Turkey-berry. 1987, SYMPHYTUM, L. Comfrey. Boraginaceae. The Greek name, from supposed healing virtues. Coarse perennial herbs. About 15 species, Old World. a. §. officinale L. Europe and Asia, nat. in U. S. Comfrey, Healing-herb, Knit-back, Ass-ear, Backwort Blackwort, Bruise- wort (Briswort), Boneset*, Consound (i. e. Consolida), Cralloc, Gum-plant, Slippery-root; Ger. Schwarzwurz, Bemwell; Fr. Grande Consoude (Codex). Root, Radix consolidae majoris, R. symphiti, mucilaginous, demulcent. 1988. SYMPLOCUS, Jacq. 1760. Symplocacene (Styracaceae). From Greek, “interwoven’’, alluding to the stamens. Syn. Hopea, L. 1767. Trees or shrubs. About 175 species, Amer- ica, Asia and Australia; 1 in U. S. a. §. tinetéria (L.) L’ Her. (H. tinctoria L.). Delaware to Flo- rida and Louisiana Sweet-leaf. Horse-sugar Dye-leaves, Florida Laurel, Yellow-wood. Leaves vield a yellow dye. 1989. SYNANDRA, Nutt. Synandra. Labiatae. From Greek, with ‘stamens together’. Syn. Lamium, Torreya, in part. Herb with showy white flowers. One spe- cies, southeastern U. S. 1940. SYNDESMON, Hoffing. Rue-Anemone. Ranunculaceae. From Greek, ‘hound together’, the plant having flowers of Anemone and foliage of Thalictrum. Syn. Anemone (Kew), Anemonella, Thalictrum, in part. Perennial herb. One spe- cies, U.S. 362 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS a. S. thalictrofdes (L.) Hoffmg. (Anemone thalictroides L., T. anemonoides Michx., Anemonella thalictroides Spach). Ontario and eastern U. S. Rue-anemone, Meadow-rue Ane- mone, May-flower, Wind-flower*, Meadow-rue. 1941. SYNEDRELLA, Gaertn. Synedrella. | Compositae. From Greek, ‘‘seated together’, of the flower-heads: Syn. Oligogyne, Calyptrocarpus, iu part. Annual herbs with small heads of yellow flowers. Two species, tropical America; 1 in Texas. 1942. SYNOSMA, Raf. Wild Caraway, etc. Compositae. From Greek, seeming to mean a ‘fragrant Composite’”’. Syn. Cacalia, Senecio, in part. Perennial herb with small discvid flower heads. One species; (a) §. suavéolens (L.) Raf. (C. suaveolens L., Sen. suaveolens Ell.), Eastern U. S., Sweet- scented Indian Plantain, Wild Caraway. 1948. SYNTHLIPSIS, Gray. Synthlipsis. Cruciferae. Herbs. About three species, Mexico and adjacent regions; 2in U.S, 1944, SYNTRICHOPAPPUS, Grav. Compositae. From Greek, ‘united pappus-bristles’. | Floccose-woolly winter-annuals. Two species, Arizona to California. 1945. SYRINGA,.-L. - Lilae. Oleaceae. From Greek, a ‘‘pipe’’, the Lilac being formerly called Pipe-tree. Shrubs with showy flowers. About 12 species, Asia and eastern Europe. a. §. vulgaris L. Eastern Europe, cult. in gardens and nat. in U.S. Lilac (Laylock, Lily-oak), Common or Scotch Lilac, Blue Ashf, Blue-pipe, Pipe-tree, Pipe Privet, Prince’ s-feather*, Roman Willowf, Spanish Asht, White Asht. The Persian Lilac is (b) S. Pérsiea L. 1946. TABERNAEMONTANA, L. Cow-tree, ete. Apocynaceae. Named for J. T. Tabernemontanus, German bvtanist, d. 1590. Shrubs or trees. About 150 species, tropical regions. a. T. utilis Arn. British Guiana. Cow-tree, Milk-tree, Hya-hya. Milky sap used like cow’s-milk. (b) T. corondria Willd., East Indies, is Adam’s Apple or East Indian Rose Bay; (c): T. dichétoma Roxb., Ceylon, is Forbidden-fruit, Diviladner. 1947. TACCA, Forst. Arrowroot*, Taccaceae. The Malay name. Perennial herbs from a tuberous or creep- ing rootstock. About 10 species, warmer regions of Old and New World. a. T, pinnatifida Forst. (T. oceanica Nutt., T. littorea Rumph. ). Fiji, Hawaiian and other islands of the Pacific. Pia plant, Tahiu Salep. Tubers yield a variety of arrowroot called by the natives Pia. 1948. TACSONIA, Juss. Tacsonia. Passifloraceae. From vernacular, Tacso, Peru. Climbers resembling Passi- flora. About 25 species. Central America and West Indies. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 363 The fruit of several species is ed:ble, notably of (a) T. mollis- Seats New Granada and of (b) T. tripartita Juss., uador. 1949. TAENIOPLEURUM.C.&R. Taeniopleurum. Umbelliferae. a Greek, ‘‘tilet rib. Herb. One species, western 3 1950. TAENITIS, Willd. Taenitis, Polypediaceae. From Greek, ‘‘ribben-like’, of the fronds. A small geuus of ferns; lin U.S. 1951. TAGETES, L. Marigold*. Compositae. in name of Marigold, from Tages, an Etruscan divinity. Strong-scented herbs with large flower-heads. About 2U spe cies, warmer regions ot New World; 2 in Arizona. a. T. erécta L. Mexico and tropical America. cult. mm gardens. African Marigold, Large African Marigold. Turkey Gilliflower, African Tansy or Flos africanus of old herbalists. b. T. patnla L. Mexico to 8. America, cult. in gardens. French Marigold, Velvet-flower*. Florets of this and the preceding s-mectimes sold as Calendula, but without medicinal virtue. 1952. TALINOPSIS, Gray. Talinopsis. | Portulacaceae. From Greek, ‘‘resembling Talinum’’. An undershrub. One species, New Mexico. 1958. TALINUM, Adans. Rock Pink. ete. Portnlacaceae. From vernacular name, Senegal. -Fleshy herbs or under- shrubs. Warmer r giuns especially of New World; 8 in U. & (a) T. ealycinum Engelm., Kansas to Texas, is called Rock Fink; (b) T. teretifulium Pursh., Eastern U. S., is Fame flower; (c) T. patens Willd. «T. paniculatum Gaertn.), Bra- zil to southern LU. &., is called Puchero and esteemed as a pot herb. 1954. TAMARINDTS, L. Tamarind. Caesalpinaceae. The Latin name, ‘‘Indian Date’. A large tree. Une species, Old World. a T. Indica L. (T. occidentalis Gaertn., T. umbrosa Salisb., T. officinalis Hook). Tropical Asia and Africa, cult. in West Indies, ete. Tamarind tree; Fr. lamarindier Codex). The preserved jrutt or the pulp surrounding the seeds: Tamarindus, C. 8. P., Br., Pulpa Lamarindorum ernda, P. G., Fructus tamarindi; Ger. Rehes Tamarindemnus, Tamarinden: Fr. Tamarin: Sp. Tamarindo; acidulous, laxative, refrigerant, much used in oriental cookery. 1955. TAMARIX, L. Tamarisk. Tamaricaceae. From the Latin name. Syn. Tamariscus, Tourn. Shrubs or trees. About 60 species, Mediterranean region to Central Asia, a few in S. Africa. 364 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS a. T. articaldta Vahl. (T. orientalis Forsk.). Southern Asia to northern and middle Africa. Oriental Tamarisk. From this and some other species are obtained Tamarisk galls or Atlee galls; Ger. Tamarisken-Gallen, Takuts, used like nutgalls of the Oak. b. T. Gallica L. (Tamariscus Gallicus All.). Mediterranean region to central Asia. Tamarisk (Tamaric, Tamaricke), French ‘Tamarisk, Common ‘Tamarisk (of Europe), Flowering Cypress, Cypress*, Heath*, Ling*. The Manna Tamarisk of Arabia, (c) T. mannifera Ehrenb., is perhaps a variety of this species. Hxudate caused by puncture of an irsect is the Manna collected near Mount Sinai, Tamarisk Manna, Jew’s Manna. 1958. TAMUS, L. Black Bryony. Dioscoreaceae. Altered from Thamnus, Latin name of a grape-like vine. Herbaceous climbers from tuberous roots. Twospecies, Europe. a. T. comminis L. Europe. Black Briony (Broyant), Black Bindweed, Adder’s-meat, Isle-of-Wight vine, Lady’s-seal- Mandrake*, Tamus, Wild-vine. Root acrid, vulnerary, diure- tic. Fruit called Murrain-berries, Roll-berries or Ox-berries, Shoots eaten in Greece like asparagus. 1957. TANACETUM, L. Tansy. Compositae. From the French name, derive’ from Greek, ‘‘immortal’’, Svn. Chrysanthemum, Pyrethrum, in part. Strong-scent- ed herbs, the numerous flower-heads generally rayless. About 35 species, northern hemisphere; 8 in U. S a. T. vulgdre L. (C. Tanacetum, Karsch, P. Tanacetum DC.). Europe and northern Asia, cult. and nat. in U. 8S. Tansy, Bitter-buttons, English Cost, Ginger-plant, Hind-heal, Parsley Fern, Scented Fern; Ger. Rainfarn, Wurmkraut; Fr. Tanaisie (Codex), Herbe anx vers;Sp. Tanaceto. A variety, Crispum, is called DoubleTansy; Leaves and tops; Tanasetum, U. 8. P., Summitates tanaceti, Herba athanasiz; stimulant, emmena- gogue, vulnerary. Source of oil of Tansy. 1958. TANGHINIA, Thou. Tanghin. Apocynaceae. From vernacular name, Madagascar. Syn. Cerbera, in part. A tree. One species, Madagascar. a. T. venenifera Poir. (T. veneneflua C. Don, Cerbera Tanquin Steud. (Kew), C. Tanghin Hook.). Madagascar. Tanghin, Tanguen. Seeds emetic and poisonous, used as an ordeal. Contain a poisonous alkaloid, tanghine. 1959. TARAXACUM, Hall (Taraxacon). Cichoriaceae. Greek name of an allied plant. Syn. Dens-leonis, Tourn., Leontodon, in part. Scapose herbs with large heads of vellow flowers. About 20 species, northern hemisphere and S. Amer- ica; 2or3in U.S. a. T. Tardxacum (L.) Karst. (L. Taraxacum L., T. officinale Weber, T. Dens-leonis Desf., T. vulgare Schrank). Europe, northern Asia and N. America, now widely dispersed. Dande- lion, Dindle, Arnica*, Blow-ball, Cankerwort, Doon-head-clock, SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 365 Fortune-teller, Grunsel*, Horse Gowan, Irish Daisy, Milk Gowan, Witch Gowan, Yellow Gowan, Lion’s-tooth3, Monk’s- head, One-o’clock, Priest’s-crown, Puff-ball*; Ger. Léwenzahn, Pfaffenréhrchen; Fr. Pissenlit, Dent de lion (Codex), Couronne de moine; Sp. Diente de leon. Root; Taraxacum, U.S. P., Taraxaci Radix Br.; tonic, aperient, hepatic stimulant, diuretic, (whence the French name with the vulgar English, Pissabed and the equivalent Latin, Lectiminga). 1960, TARAXIA, Small. Taraxia. Onagraceae. Syn. Oenothera, in part. Herbs. Six species in U. 8. 1961. TARIRI, Aubl. 1775. Cascara Amarga,etc. Simarubaceae. From vernacular 8S. Amer. Syn. Picramnia. Swz. 1788. oe and trees. About 30 species, tropical America; 1 in lorida. a. T. Antidésma (Swz.) Lyons (P. Antidesma Swz.). Jamaica to Central and South America. Macary-bitter, Majoe-bitter, Old- woman’s bitter, Tum Bontrin’s-bush. Bark tonic, febrifuge, alterative. b. T. sp. indet. Central America. Cascara Amarga (i. e. bitter bark), Honduras bark. Bark bitter, tonic, alterative; contains an alkaloid. 1962. TAXODIUM, L. C. Rich. Cypress. Pinacene. From Greek, ‘‘Yew-like’’, of the foliage. Syn. Schubertia, Mirb., not Mart., Cupressus, in part. Tall trees with horizon- tal or drooping branches. Three known species. two American, one of China; 1 in U.S. « T. distichum (L.) L. C. Rich. (C. disticha L., S. disticha Mirbel). Southeastern U.S. Bald Cypress, Virginia Swamp Cypress, Deciduous Cypress, Red Cypress (of southern States), Southern or Virginia Cypress, Swamp Cypress, Sabino-tree. Varieties are Black and White Cypress, from color of wood. The famous Montezeuma Cypress of Chapultepec is of the Mexi- can species (b) T. mucronatum Tenore. 1968. _TAXUS, L. Yew. Taxaceae. The classical name. Evergreen trees or shrubs with berry- like fruit. About 6 species, north temperate zone; 3 in U.S. a. T. bacedta L. Europe, northern Africa and westward to the Himalayas. Yew tree, Yew (Ewe, Vew, View), Chinwood, Globe-berry, If Palmt (Ireland), Shoter, Snottle-berry, Wire Thorn; Ger. Eibe; Fr. If commun; Sp. Tejo. Leaves poisonons to stock, reputed emmenagogue. Wood tough and elastic. The Western or Oregon Yew, (b) T. brevifolia Nutt. (T. Lindleyana Laws. ) of the Pacific coast, is perhaps a variety of this species. e. T. minor (Michx.) Brit. (T. baccata var. minor Michx., T. Canadensis Willd.). Canada, south to Virginia and Iowa. American Yew, Dwarf Yew, Ground or Creeping Hemlock, Creeping Junipert, Chinwood, Shinwood. 366 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS» 1964. TECOMA, Juss. Trumpet-fiower. etc. Bignoniaceae. From vernacular Aztec name. “yn. Bignonia, Tecomaria, in part. Trees, shrubs or woody climbers with showy red or orange flowers. About 25 species, warmer regions. Old and New World: 2 in U. &. = T. radieans (L.} DC. (B. radicans L-). Southeastem UT. S and cult. for ornament. Trumpet-flower, Virginia Trampet- flower, Trompet Creeper. Trumpet-vine, Trumpet Ash7, Cross- vine*, Foxglove, Bignonia. 1965. TELANTHERA. R. Br. Telanthera. Amaranthaceae. Herbs, some shrubby, warmer regions of New World (one in Africa); 2in U.S. 1966. TELLIMA. R. Br. Tellima. Saxifragaceae. Syn. Lithophragma, in part. Perennial herbs) Two spe- cies, western U. 3. 1967. TETRACLEA. Gray. Tetraclea. Labiatae. From Greek, ‘‘four closed (nutulets)” Low herb. One species, Mexican border of U. 3. 1968S. TETRADYMIA, DC. Tetradymia. Compositae. From Greek, ‘four together’, the original species having only four florets. Syn. Lagothamnus. in pari. Low rigid shrubs. sometimes spinescent. Six species, platean region of Gas. 1969. TETRAGONANTHTS, S. G. Gmel. 1769. Gentianaceae. From Greek, ‘“‘four-angled flower’. Syn. Halenia, Borck 1796; Swertia, in part. Herbs with spurred flowers. About 30 species, mountains of New World and of Asia: 3in T. S. (a) T. defiéxus (J. E. Sm.) Kze. :S. deflexa J. E. Sm., &7 deilexa Griseb. ). Canada and eastern U. S.. Spurred Gentian. 1970. TETRAGONLA, L. New Zealand Spinach. Fieoideae. From Greek, four angled”. ancient name of the Spindle-tree. Fleshy perennials. About 2) species southern hemisphere, especially Africa. a. T. expansa Murray 1783. not Thunb. 1794. S. America to New Zealand, Australia and Japan, nat. in California. New Zea- land Spinach, Lear T. Scordénia L. (S. sylvestris Link.). Europe. Wvuod or Wild Germander, Ambrose, Ambroise, Garlic Sage, Mountain Sage, Rock Mint. Plant bitter, a substitute for hops. 1974. THALESIA, Raf. 1818. Cancer-root, etc. Orobanchaceae. Dedicated to ‘‘Thales’’. Syn. Anoplanthus, Endl. 1838, Aphyllon, A. Gray 1848; Orobanche, Phelipza, in part. Root- parasites, with a few scales in place of leaves. Three species, all in U.S. a. T. unifléra (L.) Raf. (O. uniflora L., An. uniflorus Endl., Aph. uniflorum Tor. & Gr.). British America, south to Vir- ginia, Texas and California. Naked Broom-rape, One-flowered or Pale Broom-rape, Cancer-root. Plantastringent. ‘The Yel- low Cancer-root of the central and northwestern U. S., Cluster- ed Cancer-root?, is (b) I’. fasciculdtum (Nutt.) Brit. (O. fasciculata Nutt. ). 1975. THALIA, L. Thalia. Marantaceae. Named for Johann Thalius, German naturalist, 16th Century. Scapose herbs. About 7 species, all of America; 2 in U.S, 1976. THALICTRUM, L. Meadow-Rue. Ranunculaceae. Ancient Greek plant name, probably signifying ‘‘uxuriant’’ . Perennial herbs with Maidenhair-like foliage. About 75 spe- cies, chiefly of north temperate zone; 17 in U. S. 368 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS a. T. dioieum L. British America, south to Alabama and Mis- souri. Early Meadow-rue, Feathered Columbine, -Shining- grass, Quicksilver-weed, Poor-man’s Rhubarb*. b. T- flavum L. Europe. Fen Rue, Maidenhair Rue, False Rhubarb, Meadow or Monks’ Rhubarb, Poor-man’s Rhubarb. c. T. glateum Desf. Spain, cult. in gardens. Spanish-tuft, Tuft- ed Columbine, Feathered Columbine, the latter name applied also generically. d. T. polygamum Muhl. (T. Cornuti Tor. & Gr.). Canada and eastern U.S. Tall Meadow-rue, Fall Meadow-rue, Celandine*, Muskrat-weed, Musquash-weed, Rattlesnake-bite, Silver-weed. 1977. THAMNOSMA, Tor. & Frem. 1845. Rutaceae, From Greek, ‘‘odorous plant’. Syn. Rutosma, Gray 1849. Strong-scented desert herbs. Two species, western U. 8. 1978. THAPSIA, L. Deadly Carrot. Umbelliferae. The ancient Greek name of T. Garganica, originally brought from Thapsus. Perennial herbs. Four known species, Medi-~ terranean region to Madeira. a. T. Garganiea L. Mediterranean region. Deadly Carrot, Drias: Fr. Thapsie (Codex), Faux fenouil; Sp. Tapsia. Root irrivant, emeto-cathartic. Resin counter-irritant, producing an: eruption. (b) T. Sylphium Viviani of northern Africa is. perhaps only a variety of (a), the Sylphium cyreniacum of the ancients, yielding the gum resin called Laser, Laser cyreniacum,. Asa dulcis. 1979. THASPIUM, Nutt. Meadow-Parsnip. Umbelliferae. By transposition from Thapsia, an allied genus. Syn. Thap- sia. Smyrniumy, Ziziat, in part. Perennial herbs. Three known species, all of eastern U. S. a. T. trifolidtum (L.) A. Gray (Thapsia trifoliata L., S. atropur- pureum Desr, T. atropurpureum Nutt.). Rhode island to. Tennessee and Illinois. Purple Meadow-parsnip, Purple Alexanders, Round heart. The variety aureum (‘I. aureum. Nutt.) with yellow flowers is called Golden Alexanders, being confounded popularly with Zizia aurea, q. v. 1980 THEA, L. Tea. Theaceae (Ternstroemiaceae). Syn. Camellia. Evergreen shrubs or small trees. About 6. species, southeastern Asia. a. T. Chinénsis L. (also T. Sinensis; C. Thea Link., C. theifera Griffith). Japan and China, cult. in India and other tropical countries. Tea plant. It was formerly supposed that black and green tea were derived from two distinct species, T. Bohea and T. viridis, but this is an error, these varieties being produced! by different modes of curing. Numerous varieties are distin- guished, such as Bohea, Congou, Souchong and Pekoe of black teas and Hyson Skin, ‘'wankay Hyson, Young Hyson, Impe~ rial and Gunpowder of the green varieties. Besides these there are now in market, Japan and Ceylon teas in endless variety; Ger. Thee; Fr. Thé; Sp. Te, Te de China. Active constituent theine or caffeine. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 369 1981. THEKA, Adans. 1763, Teak, Indian Oak. Verbenaceae. From vernacular name of (a). Syn. Tectona, L. f., 1781, Nautea, Noronha 1790, Theca, Juss. Large timber trees. Three species, East Indies. (a) T. grindis Lam. (Tectona grandis L. f.,Tect. Theca Lour.), India and Malaysia. Teak a, True Teak, Indian Oak. Timber invaluable to ship- uilders. 1982. THELESPERMA, Less. Thelesperma. Compositae. From Greek, ‘nipple seed’. Syn. Bidens, Coreopsis, in art. Herbs closely related to Bidens. About 7 species, New World; 6in U.S. 1988. THELYPODIUM, Endl. 1839. Thelypodium. Cruciferae. From Greek, with ‘stalked ovary”. Syn. Pachypodium, Nutt. 1838, not Lindl. 1830. Herbs. About 26 species, all in U.S., nearly all of Pacific coast. 1984. THEOBROMA, L. 1737. Cacao. _—- Sterculiaceae. From Greek, ‘‘food of the gods’. Syn. Cacao, Tourn, 1752, Trees with large undivided leaves. About 15 species, warmer regions of New World. a. T. Cacao L. (C. sativa Aubl., C. minor Gaertn., C. Theobroma Tuss.). Brazil to Mexico. Cacao tree, Chocolatetree. Seeds, Cacao; Semen v. Fabse Cacao; Ger. Kakaobohnen; Fr, Cacao (Codex), Faves du Mexique. Source of Cacao, also of Cacao butter or oil of Theobroma; Oleam Theobromatis, U.S. P.. Crushed and mixed with sugar they constitute Chocolate or prepared Cocoa, The separated ‘‘Cocoa shells’’ are used also to prepare an inferior beverage. The cotyledons, deprived of the shells are known as ‘‘Cocoa-nibs”. Characteristic alkaloid, theobromine. 1985. THERMOPSIS, R. Br. False Lupine. Papilionaceae. From Greek, ‘“Lupine-like’. Syn Podalyria, Baptisia, Cytisus, Xylothermia, in part. Herbs with large yellow or purple flowers in racemes. About 20 species, N. America and Asia; 11 in U.S. 1986. THEROFON, Raf. 1836. Saxifrage. Saxifragaceae. From Greek, ‘‘beast killing’. Syn. Boykinia, Nuff. 1834, not Raf., also Saxifraga, in part. Perennial herbs with small white flowers in branching panicles. About 7 species, all of U.S 1987. THESPESIA, Corr. Milo. Malvaceae. Trees or robust herbs. Syn. Hibiscus, in part. About 6. species, tropical Asia to Madagascar. (a) I’. poptilnea (L.) Correa (H. populnea L., H. bacciferus Forst.). Asia, Mada- gascar and Oceanica. Milo (Hawaii and Tahiti), Mulo ( Fiji). Tree held sacred in Tahiti. 1988. THEVETIA, L. Exile-tree. Apocynaceae. Named for André Thevet, French traveler, d. 1590. Syn. Cerbera. Shrubs or small trees with large yellow flowers. About 10 species, tropical America. 370 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS a. IT. Thévetia (L.) Lyons (C. Thevetia L., T. nereifolia Juss. ). Tropical America. Yellow Oleander, Exile-tree, Quashy- quasher. Bark febrifuge. 1989. THLASPI, L. Penny-Cress. Cruciferae. Greek name of a kind of Cress, perhaps from the ‘‘flat” pod. Annual or perennial herbs. About 30 species, north temperate and arctic regions; 5 in U. S. a. T. aryénse L. Europe and northern Asia, adv.in U.S. Field Penny-cress, Bastard Cress, Dish Mustard, Mithridate Mustard, Treaclewort. 1990. _THRINAX, L. fils. Thatch Palm. Sahalaceae. From Greek, “‘three pointed’. Low or medium sized fan- palms. About 12 species, mostly of West Indies; 3 in U. 8. a. T. argéntea (Jacq. ) Lodd. (T. microcarpa Sarg.). Florida to Panama. Silver-top Palmetto (Florida), Chip-hat Palm, Broom Palm (Panama), Silver Thatch-palm (Jamaica), Brick- ley, Brittle-thatch. Leaves used for plaiting hats, baskets, etc. (b) T. parviflora Swz. is called in Florida Silk-top Palmetto, in the West Indies, Royal Palmetto. 1991. THRYALLIS, Mart. Thryallis. Malpighiaceae. Syn. Galphimia, in part. Climbing shrubs. About 5 spe- cies, mostly of Brazil; 2 in U. 8. 1992. THUJA, L. (Thuya). Arbor Vitae, Cedar. Pinaceae. The Greek name of an African tree with fragrant wood. Evergreen trees with scaly foliage. About 15 species, N. America and eastern Asia; 2 in U. 8. a. T. gigantea Nutt. (T. plicata Lambert not Donn. Has been confounded with Libocedrus decurrens Tor.). Oregon and northward. Canoe Cedar, Pacific Red Cedar, Oregon Red Cedar or White Cedar, Yellow Cypress. Timber used for canoes, shingles, etc. Bark fibre for mats, baskets, etc. b. T. occidentalis L. Canada, south to N. Carolina and Minne- sota. Arbor Vite, White Cedar, Northern White Cedar, False White Cedar, Feather-leaf Cedar, Indian Feather-leaf; Ger. Lebensbaum; Fr. Thuya, Arbre de vie. Branchlets and volatile oil therefrom, balsamic, stimulant, emmenagogue, etc. 1993. THYMOPHYLLA, Lag. 1816. Thymophylla. Compositae. From Greek, ‘thyme leaved”, aname not wellchosen. Syn. Hymenatherum, Cass. 1817, Lowellia, Gray 1849. Herbs or under-shrubs with rather small flower-heads, rays generally yellow. About 20 species; 14 in U. S., mostly western. 1994. THYMUS, L. Thyme. Labiatae. Ancient Greek name, signifying ‘‘fragrant’’. Herbs or low sub-shrubs with small leaves. About 50 species, Old World, chiefly European. a T. Serpyllum L. (T. Chamedrys Fries). Europe and northern Asia, adv. in U.S. Wild Thyme, Creeping or Horse Thyme, Bank or Running Thyme, Shepherd’s Thyme, Mother of Thyme, SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 371 Brotherwort, Hillwort, Pellamountain, Puliall-mountain, Pen- ny-mountain, Serpolet; Ger. Quendel, Feldthymian, Wilder Thymian, Feldkiimmelkraut, Gundelkraut, Gundling, Hiihn- erkraut; Fr. Serpolet (Codex); Sp. Serpol. Herb, H. Serpylli, P. G., carminative, antispasmodic, emmenagogue. Var. citriodérus (T. citriodorus Schreb. )is Lemon Thyme, Lemon- scented Thyme. bv. T. vulgaris L. Southern Europe and cult. in gardens. Gar- den Thyme, Common Thyme; Ger. Gartenthymian, Thymian, Rémischer Quendel; Fr. Thym (Codex); Sp. Tomillo. Herb H. Thymi, P. G., properties of (a). Other species with like properties are (c) 'T, capitatus Hoff. and Link., Mediterran- ean region and (d) T. mastichina L., Spain and Algeria, Herb Mastich. 1995. THYRSANTHEMA, Neck. 1790. Compositae. Syn. Chaptalia (Kew}, Vent. 1800. Perennial herbs, mostly acaulescent. About 18 species, New World; 3 in western U. 8. 1996. THYSANOCARPUS., Hook. Lace-pod. Cruciferae. From Greek, ‘‘tassel fruit’’. Slender annuals. About 12 species, Pacitic coast of U. S. 1997. TIARELLA, L. False Mitrewort. Saxifragaceae. Latin diminutive of tiara, from form of capsule. Perennial herbs with leaves mostly basal. About 6 species, north tem- perate zone; 3 in U.S. a. T. cordifélia L. Coolwort, White Coolwort, False Mitrewort, Foam-flower, Gem-fruit. Herb reputed diuretic. 1998. TIGRIDIA, Ker. Tigridia, Tiger-flower. Tridaceae. From Latin, “‘tiger’’ flower, alluding to spotted perianth. Bulbous herbs with showy flowers. About 7 species, tropical America; 1 in U. S. 1999. TILIA, L. Linden, Lime-tree. Tiliaceae. The Latin name, whence English Teil and Til. Trees with cordate inequilateral leaves. About 16 species, north temperate zone; 3 in U.S. a. T. Americana L. (T. glabra Vent., T. Canadensis Michx. ). Canada to Georgia, west to Texas and Nebraska. Basswood, American Linden, White-wood, Black Lime-tree, American Lin-tree or Lime-tree, Bast-tree, Bee-tree, Daddy-nut tree, Monkey-nut tree, White Lind, Whistle-wood, Wickup, Red Basswood, Yellow Basswood. lowers antispasmodic, anodyne. b. T. Europaéa L. [Including T. platyphyllos Scopoli (T. gran- difolia Erhr., T. pauciflora Hayne), T. ulmifolia Scop. (T. parvifolia Erhr., T. microphylla Vent.) and T. vulgaris Heyne]. Europe and Asia, cult. in U.S. European Linden, (Lin, Line, Linn, Linde), (whence was derived the name of the distinguished botanist Linnaeus), Lime-tree, Til-tree, (Teil, Tilet, Tillet), Locust-bloom, Bast-tree, Bass-tree. Flowers, Flores Tilize P. G., Ger. Lindenbliithen; Fr. Fleur de tilleul (Codex), anpep nett anodyne, ‘demulcent. Tough inner bark (bast) used for coarse mats, ropes, etc. 372 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS c. T. heterophylla Vent. (T. alba Michx.). Southeastern U. S. White Basswood, White Linden (Lin, Linn), Bee-tree, Cotton- wood}, Silver-leat Poplart, Wahoo*, Lynn Wahoo. Resem- bles the European Silver Lime-tree, (d) T. argéntea Desf. e. T. pubéscens Ait. (T. Americana var. pubescens Loud., T. Americana var. Walteri Wood). Southeastern U.S. Southern Basswood, Southern Linden (Lin, Linn), Southern Whitewood. 2000. TILLAEA, L. Pigmy-weed. Crassulaceae. Named for Michael Angelo Tilli, Italian botanist, d. 1740. Syn. Bulliarda, in part. Di iinutive aquatic or palndal plants. About 25 species, widely distributed; 6 in U. S. 2001. TILLANDSIA, L. Long Moss, ete. §Bromeliaceae. Named for Elias TuWlands, Swedish botanist, 17th Century. Syn. Reanalmia, in part. Epiphytes, varying greatly in habit. About 350 species, warmer regions of New World; 14 in U. S. a T. usneoides L. 1762 (R. usneoides L. 1753). Southeastern U. 8., south to Uruguay and Chili. Long Moss, Florida or New Orleans Moss, Black Moss, Hanging Moss, Spanish Moss, Long-beard, Old-man’s-beard, Tree-beard, Barba hispanica. The black tilifurm stems constitute vegetable horsehair, used for stuffing mattresses, etc. The names Air-plant and Barren Eien are given to such species as (0) T. utrieuldta eConte. 2002. TINANTIA, Schiedw. Tinantia. | Commelinaceae. Herbs. About 3 species, tropical America; 1 in U. S. 2003. TINOSPORA, Miers. Tinospora. | Menispermaceae. Climbing shrubs. About 12 species, tropical Asia and East Indies. (a) T. cordifolia Miers, and (b) T. crispa Miers. An extract, called Galuncha or Gulancha is reputed a cure for snake bites, Plants bitter, tonic, alterative. 2004. TIPULARIA, Nuit. Crane-fly Orchis. Orchidaceae. From Latin Tipula, an insect which the flowers resemble. Syn. Limodorum, in part. Scapose herbs from tuberous rhi- zomes. Two known species, one of Asia, une in U. S. a. T. unifolia (Muhl.) B.S. P. (L. unifolium Muhl., T. discolor Nutt.). Eastern U. S. (rare). Tallow-root, Crane-tly Orchis. 2005. TISSA, Adans. 1763. Sand Spurry. Caryophyllaceae. Name unexplained. Syn. Buda, Adans. 1763, Spergularia (Kew), Pers. 1805, Leppgonum, Fries. 1817; Arenaria, in part. Low herbs with fleshy linear or setaceous leaves. About 20 species, mostly of salt marshes; 14 in U. 8. a T. riibra (L.) Brit. (A. rubra L., B. rubra Dumort, S. rubra Presl.). Europe and Asia, nat. in U.S. SandSvurry, Purple Sandwort. Red Sandwort. Plant; Arenaria rubra (Codex), diaphoretic, alterative. Other species are also used. 2006. TITHONIA, Nest. Tithonia. Compositae. Named for Tithonus of Greek myth. Robust annuala About 8 species, Mexico; 1 possibly in U. 8. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 373 2007. TOFIELDIA, Huds. False Asphodel. Melanthaceae. Named for Mr. Tofield, English boianist of 18th Century. Syn. Melanthium, Nartheciu n, in part. Perennial herbs with small Howers in a terminal spike. About 15 species, north tem- perate zone and 8S, America; 6 in U.S. a T. palistris Huds. Europe, northern Asia and British Amer- ica. south to Lake Superior. Scottish Asphodel, False Aspho- del, Lamb-lily. 2008. TOLUIFERA, L. 1742, not Lour. 1790. Papilionaceae. From Latin, ‘‘tolu-bearing’’. Syn. Myroxylon (Kew), L. f. 1781; Myrospermum Jacq., in part. Trees or shrubs, natives of tropical America. a. T. Pereirae (Royle) Baill. (Myrospermum Pareire Royle, M. Sonsunatense Pereira, Myroxylon Pereire Klotsch (Kew), T. Balsamum var. Pereire H. Br.). San Salvador. Peru- balsam tree. Bulsamic exudate Balsam of Peru, Peru-balsam; Balsamum Peruvianum, U. S. P., Br, P. G., Balsamum indicum, Balsamum peruvianum nigrum; Ger. Perubal-am, Indischer Balsam; Fr. Baume de Peru nvir, Baume San Salva- dor, Baume de Sansonate (Codex); Sp. Balsamo negro; stimu- lant, antiseptic, vulnerary. b. T. Peruifera (L. fils.) Baill. (Myrox. Peruiferum L. fils (Kew), Myrosp. Peruiferum DCU., Myrox. pedicellatum Klotzsch). Brazil. Yields a balsam similar to balsam of Peru. c. T. Balsamum L. (Myrox. toluiferum Kunth (Kew), Myrosp. toluiferum A. Rich., Myrox. punctatum Klotzsch). Vene- zuela and New Granada. ‘Tolu-balsam tree (Prof. Baillon be- lieves that both Peru-balsam and ‘Tolu-balsam are products of this species, obtained by diflereut processes). Balsamic exudate, Balsamum Tolutanum, U. S. P., Br., Balsamum indicum siccum, Balsamum americanum; Ger. Tolubalsam; Fr. Baume de Tolu (Codex) Baume de Carthagéne; Sp. Balsame de Tolu, Balsame blanco. Properties of balsam of Peru, but less active. Chiefly used in cough syrups and in pastilles fur buruing. d. T. punctita Baill, (Myrox. punctatum Klotzsch, Myrosp. balsamiferum R. & Pav.}. Peru. Quino-quino tree. Prob- ably the same as (c). 20083. TONELLA, Nutt. Tonella. _Scrophulariaceae. Annual herbs. ‘Two species, in western U.S. 2009. TOURNEFORTIA, L.False Heliotrope, etc. Boraginaceae. ’ Named for Joseph Pitton de Tournefort, French botanist, d. 1708. ‘Trees or shrubs, related to Heliotrupium. About 100 species, warmer regions; 21 in U.S. 20093. TOWNSENDIA, Hook. | Townsendia. _Compositae. Named tor David ‘Townsend, botanist of Philadelphia. Tuf- ted herbs with large radiate flower-heads. About i7 species, N. America; 16 in southwestern U. 8. 374 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS 2010. TOXICODENDRUM, Thunb. Euphorbiaceae. From Greek, ‘‘poison tree’. Syn. Hyaenanche Lamb. 1797 (Hyznachne). Poisonous shrubs. Two species, South Africa. (a) T. Capénse Thunb. (H. Capensis Pers.). S. Africa. Fruit used to poison hyenas. 2011. TOXYLON, Raf. Osage Orange. Moraceae. From Greek, “bow-wood”. Syn. Maclura (Kew), in part. A thorny tree with foliage like the orange. One species, south- central U. S. a. T. pomiferum Raf. (T. Maclura Raf. Maclura aurantiaca Nutt.). Missouri to [Texas and cult. as a hedge plant. Osage Orange, Osage, Osage Apple, North American Bow-wood, Bois d’arc, Bowdarkt, Bodarki, Hedge plant, Yellow-wood. Leaves, food of silkworm. oot yields a yellow dye. 2012. TRACHELOSPERMUM, Lem. Apocynaceae. From Greek, ‘‘neck seed’’, but the name seems not appropri- ate. Syn. Echites, Forsteronia, in part. Twining woody vines or shrubs. About 6 species, Asia and N. America; 1 in U. 8. 2018. _TRACHYLOBIUM, Hayne.ChacazeCopal.Caesalpinaceae. From Greek, ‘‘rough pod’”’. Syn. Hymenza,in part. Tree. One species, tropical Africa. (a) T. Hornemannianum Hayne. Eastern Africa. Zanzibar Copal tree. Yields a Copal called Chacaze Copal or Jackass} Copal. 2014. TRADESCANTIA, L. Spiderwort. Commelinaceae. Named for John Tradescant, gardener to Charles I. Peren- nial herbs generally with linear leaves and rather showy flowers. About 35 species, New World; 16 in U.S. (a) T. Virginidna L. New York to Kentucky, west to Arkansas and S. Dakota. Common Spiderwort, Spider Lily*, Trinity Violet. 2015. TRAGIA, L. Tragia. Euphorbiaceae. Named for H. Bock, called also Tragus, German botanist, d. 1553. Monecious herbs, shrubs or climbers with stinging hairs. About 50 species, mostly tropical, 5 in U. S. 2016. TRAGOPOGON, L. Salsify, ete. Cichoriaceae. From Greek, ‘‘goat’s beard’, alluding to the pappus. Herbs with fleshy tap-root and large heads of yellow or purple flowers. About 35 species, Old World. a. T. porrifélius L. Europe, widely cult., adv. in U.S. Oyster plant, Oyster-root, Vegetable-oyster, Salsify (Salsafy), Jerusa- em-star, Nap-at-noon, Purple Goat’s-beard. Root esculent. b. T. praténsis L. Europe, nat. in U. S. Meadow Salsify, Buck’s-beard, Go-to-bed-at-noon, Noon-flower, Noon-tide, Noon- day-flower, Jack-by-the-hedge, Joseph’s-fower, Shepherd’s- clock, Star-of-Jerusalem, Yellow Goat’s-beard. Root esculent. 2017. TRAPA, L. Water-caltrop. Trapaceae, Abbreviated from Latin Calcitrapa, a ‘‘caltrop’’. Aquatic pee promneleg farinaceous seeds (nuts). Three species, Old Yorld. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR, 375 a. T. ndtans L. (including T. quadrispinosa Roxb.). Europe to central Asia, nat. locally in U.S. ater Chestnut, Water-nut, Jesuit’s-nut (Venice), Water-caltrop, Sanghara-nut*; Fr. Chataigne d’eau. Seeds esculent. The Chinese (b) T. bicér- nis L. fils, with fruit resembling a buffalo’s head, is called Leng, Ling or Links. . Singhara nuts, a staple food in Cashmere, are the fruit of (c) T. bispinésa L. (T. Cochin-Chinensis Lour., T, incisa, Sieb. & Zucc. ), southern Asia and northern Africa. 2018. TRAUVETTERIA, F. & M. Ranunculaceae. Named for Prof. Trauvetter, Russian botanist. Syn. Cimici- fuga, Hydrastis, in part. A stout perennial herb. One species eastern Asia and eastern U.S. (a) T. Carolinénsis ( alt, ) Vail (H. Carolinensis Walt., C. palmata Michx.). Eastern U.S. and Japan. False Bugbane. 2019. TREMA, Lour. Nettle-tree. Urticaceae. From Greek, ‘‘hole’’, alluding to pits in endocarp. Syn. Sponia, Celtis, in part. Trees or shrubs. About 25 species, : warmer regions; 1 in U.S. (a) T. micrantha B. & H. Flo- rida to West Indies and Brazil. * Nettle-tree. 2020. TREPOCARPUS, Nutt. Trepocarpus. _Umbelliferae. Smooth annual. One species, south-central U. S. 2021, TRIANOSPERMA, Mart. Tayuya. Cucurbitaceae. Herbaceous climbers, from fleshy roots. Syn. Dermophylla, Bryonia, in part. Cayaponia, (No. 414 q. v.) is the older and preferable name. (a) 'T. ficifolia Mart. (perhaps the same as C. ficifolia (Lam.) Cogn. (414 ¢.) but also identified by some authorities with B. ‘'ayuya Velloso, C. Tayuya (Vell. ) Cogn. and with D. pendulina 8. Manso). Brazil. Tayuya. Root, Rad. dermophylle, Rad. tayuyx; hydragogue, antisyph- ilitic. The synonyomy is confused. Probably several spe- cies are called Taynya. See Cayaponia. 2022, TRIADENUM, Raf. 1808. Triadenum. Hypericaceae. From Greek, ‘‘three glands’. Syn. Elodea, Pursh 1814, not Michx. 1803 nor Elodes, Adans 1763; Hypericum (Kew), in part. Perennial marsh herbs with pink or purplish flowers. Two species, both of U. 8. 2023. TRIANTHEMA, L. Horse Purslane. Aizoaceae. From Greek, ‘‘three flowering’’. Herbs, generally fleshy and’ prostrate. About 12 species, warmer regions, mostly of Old World; 1in U.S. (a) T. monédgynum L. Florida to West Indies and Venezuela. Horse Purslane (Jamaica). 2024. TRIBULUS, L. Caltrop. Zygophyllaceae. - Greek plant name, signifying ‘‘caltrop’’ (i. e. three pointed ). Herbs or sub-shrubs, mostly prostrate, with spinose fruit. About 12 species, warmer regions; 2 in U. 8... a. T. cistoides L. Florida and widely distributed along tropical shores. Turkey-blossom (Jamaica), Nohu, Mahukona Violet (Hawaii, with allusion to the fragrance). (b) T. terréstris L. Europe, adv. in U. 8. Land Caltrop. ‘376 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS 2025. TRICARDIA, Torr. Tricardia. | Hydrophyllaceae. From Greek, *‘three-hearts’’, alluding to shape of sepals. Perennial herb. One species, Nevada. 2026. TRICHILIA, P. Br. _ Incense tree, etc. Meliaceae. From Greek, “three-lipped’’, alluding to the stigma. Syn. Mafureira, Moschoxylon, in part. Trees or shrubs. About 112 species, tropical Africa and America. a. T. emética Vahl. (Maf. oleifera Bertol.). East Africa to Arabia. Mafura (Mafurra) tree. Seeds source of Mafura Tal- low, resembling cacao butter. b. T. moschata Swz. (Mos. Schwartzii Juss.). Jamaica. Incense tree, Musk-wood, Pameroon-bark tree, Juribali, Jurubali. Bark astringent, febrifuge. 2027. TRICHOCORONIS, A. Gray. Trichocoronis.Compositae. From Greek, ‘‘hair crown’? Syn. Micrageratum, Margacola. Aquatic or marsh herbs yith pink or purple flowers. Three species, Mexican border of U. S. 2028. TRICHOMANES, L. Filmy Ferns. Hymenophyllaceae. Ancient Greek name of a kind of Fern. Ferns with pellucid fronds. About 100 species, mostly tropical; 2inU.S. (a) T. rédicans Sw. Southeastern U. S. and widely distributed. Common Bristle Fern, Hare’s-foot Fern, Cup-goldilocks. 2029. TRICHOPTILIUM, Gray. Trichoptilium. Compositae. From Greek, “hair-feather”’. Syn. Psathyrotes. Small winter annual. One species, Arizona to California. 2030. TRICHOSTEMA, L. Blue-Curls, etc. Labiatae. From Greek, ‘‘hair stamen’’, alluding to the capillary fila- ments, which suggest also the English name. Herbs, some shrubby. About 9 species, all of U. S., mostly southwestern. a. T. dichétomum L., eastern U. S., is called Blue-curls, Bastard Pennyroyal; (b) T. lanceolatum Benth., California, is called Pee (c) T. landtum Benth., California, is called Black Sage. 2031. TRIENTALIS, L. Chickweed Wintergreen. Primulaceae. From Latin, ‘“‘span”-high. Low perennials, the leaves form- ing a whorl at the summit of the stem. About 3 species, all of ‘U. S., one also European. a. TI. Americana Parsh. Canada, south to Virginia and Illinois. Chickweed Wintergreen, May-star, Star-flower, Star-flowered Chickweed, Star-of-Bethlehem*, Snake-flower. 2032. TRIFOLIUM, L. Clover, Trefoil. Papilionaceae, The ancient Latin name, ‘“‘three leaved’’. Syn. Chrysaspis, Chronosemium, Melilotus, in part. Herbs, leaves generally trifoliate, flowers in heads or spikes. About 250 species, mostly of north temperate zone; 108 in U.S., including some natura- lized. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 377 a. T, agrarium L. (Chrys. agraria (L.) Greene). Europe, nat. in U.S. Yellow Clover, Hop Clover, Hop frefoil*. More common in U. S. is the smaller (b) T. procumbens L. (Chrys. procaine (L.) Desv.), also from Europe, Low or Smaller Hop-clover. « T. arvénse L. Europe and Asia, nat. in U.S. Rabbit-foot Clover, Hare’s-foot, Bottle-grass, Calf Clover, Dogs-and-cats, Field Clover, Old-tield Clover, Poverty-grass. Pussy Clover, Pussy-cats, Pussies, Stone Clover, Watch Clover. d. T. coertileum Willd. (Mel. cerulea Desr.). North Africa, cult. in Europe. Blue Melilot, Garden Balsamn*, Old-sow; Ger. Blauer Stemklee, Schabziegerklee, Siebenzeit, Mottenkraut. Leaves and tops, Herba meliloti cerulei, H. egyptiaca, H. loti odorati; reputed diuretic, diaphoretic, emollient. Used in Switzerland for flavoring cheese. e. T. dibium Sibth. (Chrys. dubia (Sibth.) Greene, T. minus Sm., T. procumbens var. minus, Koch). Europe, nat. locally in U.S. Shamrock (Shamrug, Shambrogue, Scamrog), ‘True en Least Hop-trefoil, Yellow Clover or Tretoil, Wild refoil. f. T. praténse L. Europe, Asia, northern Africa, nat. in U. 8. Red Clover, Meadow or Purple Clover, Broad-leaved or Cow Clover, Honeysuckle Clover (England), Bee-bread, Cow- rass*, Knap, Marl-grass, Plyvens, Soukie Clover (Claver), Bret lee: Ger. Rother Wiesenklee, Rother Futterklee. lowers alterative, sedative. g. T. répens L. Europe, Asia, sub-arctic N. America, nat. in U.S. White Clover, Dutch or Honeysuckle Clover, Loney- stalks, Lamb-sucklings, Purple-grass, Purplewort, Quillet, Sheep’s Gowan, Suckling, White Honeysucklet, White Sham- rock, White Trefoil. Other pasture Clovers are (h) T. hybridum L., Alsike, Alsatian Clover, Swedish Clover; (i) T. incarndtum L., Car- nation or Crimson Clover, French or Italian Clover, Napoleons; (j) T. médium L., Zigzag Clover, Cow-grass, Giant or Mam- moth Clover, Mail-grass, Pea-vine Clover, the foregoing nat. from Europe. Indigenous species are (k) T. refléxum L., Buffalo Clover and (1) T. stoloniferum Muhl., Running Buf- falo Clover. 2088. TRIGLOCHIN, L. Arrow-grass. | Scheuchzeriaceae. From Greek, ‘‘three pointed’, alluding ‘to the capsule. Marsh herbs, the small flowers in slender spikes. | About ten species, higher latitudes in both hemispheres; 4 in U. 8. 2084. TRIGONELLA, L. Fenugreek. Papilionaceae. From Greek, ‘three angled’, alluding to the flower. Syn. Buceras, Fonum-Grecum, in part. Strong-smelling herbs. About 60 species, Old World. a. T. Foénum-Graéeum L. (B. Fenum-Grecum All, Feen. officinale Moench). Western Asia, cult. in tropical Africa and Asia. Fenugreek (Fenugreck, Fenigreek, the word meaning 378 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS Greek hay). Seeds, Sem. fonugreci, Sem. feni_greci; Ger. Bockshornsamen, Fenugrek, Kuhkornsamen, Griechischer Heusamen; Fr. Fenugrec (Codex); demulcent, mucilaginous. 2035. TRILISA, Cass. Vanilla-leaf. Compositae. Anagram of Liatris. Syn. Liatris, in part. Perennial herbs with small discoid heads. Two known species, southeastern ‘a. T. odoratissimus (Walt.) Cass. (Anonymos odoratissimus Walt., L. odoratissimus Michx.). Pine-barrens, Virginia to Florida and Louisiana. Vanilla-leaf, Vanilla plant, Carvlina Vanilla, Dog’ s-tongue, Deer’s-tongue, Hound’s-tongue. Leaves have an agreeable vanilla-like odor. 2036. TRILLIUM, L. Wake-robin, Birthroot,etc. Couvallariaceae. Name Latin, alluding to the trimerous symmetry of the spe- cies (with an echo perhaps of Lilium.). Three-leaved herbs from a perennial rhizome. About 20 species, North America and Asia; 16 in U. 8. a. T. eérnuum L. Canada, south to Georgia and Missouri. Nod- ding Wake-robin, White Benjamin, Cough-root, Ground Lily, Jew’s-harp plant, Lamb’s-quarters*, Rattlesnake-root, Snake- bite. b. T. eréctum L. Canada, south to Tennessee and Missouri, also in Japan. Birthroot, Bethroott, Red or ‘‘Purple’ Trillium, Red Benjamin, Red or Purple Wake-robin, Birthwort*, Bath- wort{, Bath-flower{, Bumble-bee-root, Daffy-down-dilly*, Dish- cloth, Indian Balm, Indian Shamrock, I1l-scented Trillium or Wake-robin, Nose-bleed, Orange-blossom (the white variety), Squaw-flower, Squaw-root, True-love, Red Wood-lily. Many of these names are applied also to other species. Ahizome as- tringent, alterative, uterine antispasmodic, in large doses emetic. c. T. grandiflérum (Michx.) Salisb. (T. rhomboideum var. grandiflorum Michx.). Canada and eastern U.S. Large- flowered White Wake-robin, Wake-robin, White Benjamin, Trinity Lily, White Birth-root, Bath-flower, White Bath, White Wood-lily. Other indigenous species worthy of note are (d) T. séssile L., Sessile-flowered Red Wake-robin, flowers agreeably fragrant; (e) T. nivile Ridd., the Early or Dwarf White Wake-robin and (f) T. unduldtum Willd. (T. erytbrocarpum Michx.), Painted Wake-robin, Sarah, Wild Pepper. 2087. TRIOSTEUM, L. Fever-root, ete. Caprifoliaceae. From Greek, ‘‘three boned’, alluding to the three (2—5) bony seeds. Perennial herbs with berry-like fruit. About 6 species, north America and western Asia; 2 in U. S. a. T. perfolidtum L. Canada, south to Alabama and Kansas. Fever-root, Horse Gentian, Horse Ginseng, White Ginseng, / White Gentian, Genson, Feverwort, Bastard Ipecac, Wild or Wood Ipecac, Tinker’s-weed, Tinkar’s-roott, Wild Coffee. Root febrifuge, cathartic, deobstruent. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 379° 2088.' TRIPHASIA, Lour. Lime Myrtle. Aurantiaceae. From Greek, ‘‘three-fold’’, i. e. trimerous. A thorny shrub- with fragrant white flowers. One species, China, widely cult. in tropical countries. (a) T. Aurantiola Lour. (T. Javanica M. Shag Lime Myrtle, Lime-berry, Bergamot*. Fruit esculent. 2089. TRITELEIA, Lindl. (Tritelia). Liliaceae. Syn. Brodiza, Calliprora, in part. Scapose herbs with blue or violet flowers. Thirteen species in western U. 8. 2040. TRITICUM, L. Wheat. Gramineae. The Latin name of Wheat, ‘‘threshed” or ‘ground’. Ro- baa grasses. About 15 species, Mediterranean region to cen- tral Asia. a. T. aestivum L. (T vulgare Vill., T. sativum Lam. The Lin- nwan name originally applied to a variety). The most univer- sally cultivated of all cereals. Wheat. The very numerous varieties form three principal groups; 1. Bearded or Summer Wheat, T. aestivum L., proper; 2. Unbearded or Winter Wheat, T. hybérnum L., and 3. Spelt or Dinkel Wheat, with adherent grain, T. Spélta L.; a remarkable variety is the Egyptian Wheat with compound spikes. Seeds, ground and sifted, Wheat flour: Farina Tritici Br., used as an application for burns, etc.; esculent. Starch, Amylum tritici, is also largely prepared from the grain. Other species worthy of note are (b) T. dieéceum Schrank, Emmer Wheat, Arras Wheat of Abyssinia; (c) T. monocdc- cum L., One-grained or Single-grained Wheat, St. Peter’s Corn; (d) T. tricéceum Schuebl. [Index Kewensis makes this a synonym of (b)], Amel Corn, cult. in Switzerland as a source of starch. 2041. TRIUMFTETA, L. Burweed. Tiliaceae. Named for G. B. Trionfetti, Italian botanist, d. 1708. Herbs and shrubs. About 50 species, warmer regions; 1 in U. S. (a) T. semitriloba Jacg. Florida to West Indies and_ tropical regions generally. Burweed, Paraquet-bur. Bark, Bur-bark, yields a fibre resembling jute. 2042. TRIXIS, P. Br. Trixis. Compositae. From Greek, ‘‘three-fold’’, the corolla being tritid. Syn. Perdicium, in part. Herbaceous or shrubby perennials. About 30 species, tropical America; one or two, Mexican border of U.S. 2043. TROLLIUS, L. Globe-flower. Ranunculaceae. From German, signifying probably ‘‘round’’. Perennial herbs mostly paludal with showy flowers. About 10 species, north temperate zone; 1 in U. 8, a T. Europaéus L. Europe. Globe flower, Globe Ranunculus, Trollflower, Butter-basket, Cabbage Daisy; (rolden-ball, Lock- in-gowan, Lapper-gowan. 380 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS b. T. l4xus Salisb. (T. Americanus Muhl.). New Hampshire to Michigan, also in Washington. American Globe-flower, Spreading or Swamp Globe-flower, Troll-flower, with other synonyms of (a). 2044. TROPAEOLUM, L. (Trophzum). Geraniaceae, From Greek, “trophy”, alluding to the shield-like leaves. Syn. Cardamindum, Adans. Climbing or diffuse succulent herbs. About 40 species, warmer regions of New World. a. T. majus L. (C, majus Moench). Peru, cult. in gardens. Common Nasturtium (Nasturtion, Stortioner, Sturtion’, this name applying originally to Roripa; Indian Cress, Lark’s-heel*. Flowers used as salad; unripe fruit a substitute for capers. b. T. peregrinum L., South America, cult, in gardens, is Canary- bird flower; (c) T. sessilifélium Poeppig, of Chili and(d) T. tuberésum R. & P., of Peru, produce esculent tubers. 2045. TROPIDOCARPUM, Hook. Tropidocarpum. Cruciferae. From Greek, ‘‘keel fruited’? Annual herbs. Three spe- cies, California. 2046. TSUGA, Carr. Hemlock Spruce. Pinaceae. From vernacular, Japan, Syn. Hesperopeuce, Abies, Pinus, in part. Large evergreen trees with leaves apparently two- ranked. About 7 species, North America and Asia; 4 in U.S. a. T. Canadénsis (L.) Carr. (P. Canadensis L., A. Canadensis Michx.). Canada, south to Alabama and Wisconsin. Hem- lock, Hemlock Spruce, Weeping Spruce, Spruce Pine, Tan- bark tree, Palmt. Bark extensively used for tanning, medi- cinally under the name of Pinus Canadensis as an astringent. ’b. T. Mertensidina (Bong.) Car. (P. Mertensiana Bong., A, Pat- toniana A. Murr., T. Hookeriana Car.). Oregon to Alaska, east to Montana. Western Hemlock, Mountain Hemlock, Patton’s Spruce. Supplies most of the tan-bark of the North- west. 2047. TUBER, Mich. ‘rrufile, Earth-ball. | Tuberaceae. The ancient Latin name, a ‘“‘swelling’’. Subterranean fungi, some of the species highly esteemed for food. The English word truffle, is from French, tartoufle, from Latin terre tubera, whence also the German Kartoffel ( potato). a, T aestivum Micheli is the common Truffle of England; (b) T. melandsporum Vitt. is the common Truffle of France; (c) T. cibirium Sibth., the Black Truffle, Perigord and Quercy Truffle; (d) T. magnatum Pico, the garlic-flavored Gray Truffle of Italy. [The following also are known as trufiles; (e) Chairémyces meandriformis Vitt., the White British Truffle; (f) Mylitta australis Berk., the Australia Trufile; (g) Melanogister variegitus Tulasne, the Red Truffle of southern Europe; (h) Terfézia leénis of Italy; (i) Scler- odérma vulgdris Fr., False Truffle, allied to the Puff-balls]. SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 381 2048. TUBIFLORA, J. F. Gmel.1791. Tubiflora. Acanthaceae. From Latin, ‘‘trumpet flower’. Syn. Elytraria (Kew), oe oo Low herbs. About 5 species, mostly American; in U. S. 2049. TULIPA, L. - — Tulip (Culip). Liliaceae. From late Latin, ‘‘turban’’. Bulbous plants with showy flowers. About 50 species, Europe and Asia. (a). T. Ges- neriana L. Asia Minor and cult. in gardens. Common Tulip, with innumerable varieties. Several other species and many hybrids are cultivated. 2050. TUMION, Raf. False Nutmeg. Pinaceae. From Greek name of the Yew tree. Syn. Torreya, Arn. 1838, Caryotaxus, Zuce. 1847, Foetotaxus. Evergreen trees with yew-like foliage; fruit a drupe. Four known species, N. America and eastern Asia; 2 in U.S. a. T, Californicum (Torr. ) Greene (Tor. Californica Torr. (Kew), Tor. myristica Hook., C. myristica Henk. & Hoch., F. myris- tica Sen.). California Nutmeg tree. Fruit resembles the nut- meg in appearance, not at all in taste or properties. b. T. taxifélium (Arn.) Greene (Tor. taxifolia Arn, F. montana (Nelson) Sen. Southeastern U. S. Torrey tree, Torreya, Savin*, Stinking Cedar. 2051. TUNICA, Adans. Saxifrage Pink, etc. Caryophyllaceae. From Latin, ‘‘cloak’’, alluding to bracts at base of calyx. Syn. Dianthus, in part. Slender herbs with small flowers. About 20 species, southern Europe and western Asia; 1 adv. in U.S 2052. TURNERA, L. Damiana, etc. Turneraceae. Named for W, Turner, author of an English herbal, 1551. Herbs or shrubs with yellow flowers. About 54 species, tropi- eal America; 1 in southwestern U. 8. : a T. diffisa aphrodisiaca Urb. (T. aphrodisiaca Ward, T. microphylla Desv.). Texas to Lower California. Damiana. Leaves aromatic, tonic, reputed aphrodisiac. b. T. ulmifolia L. West Indies. Holly-tree*, Sage-rose. Plant tonic, expectorant. 2053. TUSSILAGO, L. Colt’ s-foot. Compositae. The Latin name, meaning ‘‘cough cure’. Scapose perennial herb with yellow flowers. One species, Europe and Asia. a. T. Farfara L. Northern Europe and Asia, nat. in northeastern U.S. Colt’s-foot (Coutfit), Coughwort, Ass-foot, Bull’s-foot, Foal-foot, Horse-foot, Horse-hoof, Butter-bur*, Clay-weed, Cleats, Colt-herb, Dove-dock, Dummy-weed, Ginger, Ginger- root, Gowan, Hoofs, Sow-foot, British Tobacco, Tushyluckyt, Dishalagat; Ger. Huflattig, Rosshuf; Fr. Tussilage, Pas d’ane (Codex). Leaves, Folia farfare, Herba tussilaginis, demul- cent, alterative, a cough remedy. 382 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS 2054. TYLOPHORA, R. Br. Indian Ipecac. Asclepiadaceae. From Greek, “‘knob bearing’. Syn. Asclepias, Cynanchum, in part. Shrubby or herbaceous twiners. About 40 species, warmer regions, Old World. (a) T. asthmatica (L.) W. & A. (A. asthmatica L., C. Ipecacuanha Willd.). India. In- dian Ipecac. Root emetic. 2055. TYPHA, L. Cat-tail Flag, Reed-mace, etc. Typhaceae. The ancient Greek name. Keed-like plants. About 13 spe- cies, widely distributed; 3 in U. 8. a. T. latifélia L. North America, except extreme northern part. Cat-tail Flag, Common or Broad-leaved Cat-tail, Great Reed- mace, Blackamoor, Black-cap, Bulrush*, Bull-rush, Bull-segg, Marsh-beetle, Marish-beetle, Marsh-pistle, Candle-wick, Cat-of- nine-tails, Dunche-down, Flax-tail, Keree, Water-torch. 2056. ULEX, L. Furze, Gorse, ete. Papilionaceae. The ancient Latin name. Spiny shrubs, practically without foliage; flowers yellow, showy. About 20 species, mostly of eastern Europe. a. U. Europaéus L. Eurcpe, adv. in U.S. Furze (Firsun, Fur- zen, Furrys, Frez, Fuzz, Fir*, Vuss, Vuz), French or Great Furze, Gorse (Gorst, Goss, Gost), Ling*, Prickly Broom, Thorn Broom, Ruffet, Turr, Ulim, Whin, Whuns; Ger. Stech- ginster; Fr. Ajonc. 2057. ULMARIA, Hill. Meadow-sweet, etc. Rosaceae, From Latin, ‘‘Elm-like’. Syn. Filipendula, Spirea, in part. Perennial herbs with flowers in large cymose panicles. About 9 species, north temperate zone; 1 in U. 8. a. U. Ulmaria (L.) Barnh. (S. Ulmaria L., U. palustris Moench, F. Ulmaria Maxim). Europe and western Asia, cult. and adv. in U.S. Meadow-sweet, Meadow-queen, Mead-sweet, (Mea- dow-soot), Meadowwort, Bride-sweet, Bridewort, Courtship- and-matrimony, Herb Christopher*, Harif, Honey-sweet, Maid- sweet, Maid-of-the-meadow, My-lady’s-belt, Pride-of-the-mea- dow, Queen-of-the-meadow, Spirea, Sweet-hay, Sweet-meadow; Ger. Ulmenspirie, Geissbart, Krampf, Medesiiss; Fr. Ulmaire, Reine des prés (Codex). Herb astringent; flowers (Codex) an- tispasmodic, diaphoretic, diuretic. The indigenous (b) U. rubra Hill (S. lobata Gronov., S. rubra Brit.) is called Queen- of-the-prairie. 2058. ULMUS, L. Elm. ._ _Ulmaceae. The Latin name, from Celtic, whence our word Elm. Trees. About 16 species; northern hemisphere; 5 in U. 8. a U. Americana L. Canada and eastern U.S. American Elm White or Common Elm, Rock Elm*, Swamp or Water Elm. Other indigenous species are (b) U. aldta Michx., South- eastern U. 8., Winged Elm, Wahoo*, Cork Elm. Water Elm and (c) U. racemésa Thomas., Canada and northeastern U. S., Cork Elm, Corky White Elm, Cliff or Hickory Elm Rock Elm, Racemed? or Swamp Elm, Wahoo*. : SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 383 d. U. campéstris L. Europe and western Asia. European Elm, English Elm (Ellem, Allom, Allme, Aum, Elmen, Helm, Elven, Owm), Horse-may, May; Fr. Orme champétre, Orme pyramidal (Codex). Inner bark used like that of (f). e. U. montana With. Europe. Scotch Elm, Broad-leaved or Mountain Elm, Chew-bark, Halse, Wych Elm, Witcht ay Viteh, Wychwood, Witch-wood, Wych-hazel*, Witch azel*, f. U. falva Michx. (U. pubescens Walt.). Canada and eastern U.S., west to N. Dakota. Slippery Elm, Moose or Red Elm, Indian Elm, Rock or Sweet Elm; Fr. Orme fauve (Codex). Inner bark, Elm-bark, Slippery Elm; Ulmus, U.S. P., Cortex ulmi; Ger. Ulmenrinde, Riisterrinde; mucilaginous, demulcent. 2059. UMBELLULARIA, Nutt. 1842. Lauraceae. From Latin, ‘‘umbelled’’. Syn. Sciadiodaphne, Reichb. 1841 (name only); Litsea, Tetranthera, Oreodaphne, in part. Evergreen tree with aromatic foliage. One species, Pacific border of U. 8. a. U. Californica (Arnott) Nutt. (T. Californica H. & Arn., O. Californica Nees, L. Californica B. & H.). California to Puget Sound, California Bay-laurel, California Bay tree, California Laurel, Spice tree, Mountain Laurel (of the West}, Balm-of- heaven, Sassafras Laurel, Cajeput tree, California Wild Olive. Leaves stimulant, anodyne, used as a condiment. 2060. UNGNADIA, Endl. Spanish Buckeye. Sapindaceae. Named for Baron Ferdinand von Ungnad of Austria. tiber. ad. ¥. gloriosa L. (Y. integerrims Stokes’. Southeastern T. 8. Glorious Yueeai. Dwarf Palmetto*. Mound Lily. 9 Still more ornamental is e) Y. maecreearpa Coville, Texas to New Mexico and Mexico. f. ¥. filamentésa L. Southeastern TU. 5. and cult. in gardens Adam +needle, Adam’ s-need]eand-thread, Eve’ +thread, Thread- and-needle. Eve'sdarming-needle. Bearsthread. Bear-grass, Silk-grass. 2145, ZAMIA, L Florids Arrow-rec:. Cyeadaceae. From Latin, ‘ireene’. Plants with palm-like foliage and a short thick caudex, often whelly subterranean. About 30 Species, tropical N. America: 2 in U.S. a Z. integrifolia Jacy. Florida and West Indies, called in Fle- ida Coontee (Coontiec. Koontee’. in Jamaica Wild Sage. SNeareé from the tuberlike caudex. Florida Arrowreot A similar product is cocsined in the West Indies from other spe cies. 2146. ZANNICHELLIA. L Zannichellia. Naidaceae. Named for J. H. Zannichelli. Italian botanist. d. 1722. eS water-weeds. About 5 species, widely distributed: 1 mts 2147. ZANTEDESCHLA, Spreng. 120.007 Koch 1334. Araceae. Named for Francesco Zantedeschi. Italian betaniss, 19th Century. Syn. Richardia, Konth not L.: Calls. in par Marsh herbs from thickened rhizomes. About 5 species. south- ern Africa. a. Z. Aethiopiea (L.) Spreng. (C. Aethiopica L.. R. Africans Kanth ; Kew, C. ambigus Salisb.). South Africa. cult. as a house plant. Calla, Calla Lilv+. Trampet Lily, African Lily, Evhiopian Lily. Lily-ofthe Nile. Plasi acrid, like Indisn Turnip. 402 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS 2148. ZEA, L, Maize, Indian Corn. Gramineae. Greek name of a grain used for fodder. A robust grass. One species, New World (U. S. ) a. Z. Mays L. Probably originated in S. America, now universally cult. Maize, Indian Corn, Mealies (Australia, S. Africa), Guinea Wheat|, Turkey Corn*, Turkey Wheat]; Ger. Mais; Fr, Mais. The numerous varieties are arranged by Dr. Stur- tevant under six sub-species, viz: 1 Z. tunicdta, Pod Corns, in which each kernel is enclosed in an individual. husk; 2. Z. erérta, Pop Corns, including 25 varieties; 3. Z. indurata, Flint Corns, 69 varieties; 4. Z. indentata, Dent Corns, 323 varieties; 5. Z. amyldcea, Soft Corns, 27 varieties and 6. Z. Zaccardta, Sweet Corns, with shriveled kernels, 63 varie- ties. Styles and stigmas Corn-silk; Zea, U. S. P., Stigmata mayidis; Ger. Maispistille; Fr. Filament de mais, diuretic. Unripe grain, source of Corn Starch, Amylum mayidis. Ripe grain supplies food for man and animals. Stalks used as fodder and formerly as a source of sugar. 2149. ZENOBIA, D. Don. Zenobia. Ericaceae. Syn. Andromeda, in part. Two species in U. 8. 2150. ZEPHYRANTHES, Herb. Swamp Lily. Amaryllidaceae. From Greek, ‘‘wind flower’. Syn. Amaryllis, Atamasco, Habyanthus, in part. Lily-like bulbous plants with one-flower- ed scapes. About 30 species, New World; 5 in U. S. a. Z. Atamdsco (L.) Herb. (Am. Atamasco'L., At. Atamasco Greene). Southeastern U.S. Atamasco Lily, Daffodil Lily, Easter Lily*, Fairy Lily, Swamp Lily, Stagger-grass. 2151. ZEXMENIA, Llave & Lex. Zexmenia. Compositae. Transliteration of Ximenesia (Ximenezia). Shrubs. About 35 species, mostly Mexican; 3 in U. S. (Mexican border). 2152. ZINGIBER, Bonaparte’ erown ~S. b 4, 12d Brake, Buckhorn Brake, Clit 1527, Bondue nuts 923. a Bone-flower (Bouewort) tha Bone-tree 1771. € Brake, Sweet 712. B Bramble, Blue 1750. Bramble, Common a Bramble, Horse 1743. a Bramble, Mountain 175). f Brammile 1730. Brane-ursinue 15. 3 Brandy-betiles 1420. b Bodner de pretre 1. Bonnets 142. a Bonny-bird-een 379. ¢, 1660. ¢ Bonny-dame 218. f *Bonplandia 621 Boor-tree : Bore-tree) 1771. =Boothia 1614 Brank S21. a Bovis 5. e =Brassica S51, 6M, 1.56 Boots-and-shoes 166. b Braunelle 1% Borecole 3S. Brauoheil 1897. : Borage (Burrage) “S14. a Brawlins 170. f Borasch ; Boretsech) 244. 2 *Braya 150) Botan lise. a *Brayera ‘Hl Botany-bay resin 2133. b Brayerae dores 94a *Botraphis 197 Brazil nu: 257. a *Botryopsis 475 Brazil powder 2110. 4 Boutle-brush 758. a, 1008.a = Brazilian beans 1590, a, b Bottle-grass 2. ¢ Brazilwood 333. b Bottle-tree 655 Bread, Indian 1238 b Bouillon blanc 2090. b Bread-and-butter 1205, a, Boulean 261 a 188.0 Bouncing-Bet 1781. « Bread-and-cheese 1733. a Boundou 1923. h Bread-nut 52. a, 315, a Bountry (Boutry) 1771. « Bourdaine 1721. g Bread-root 1471. a Bread-root, Indian 1679. b,c Bourgéne 1721. g Bread-root, Missouri 1679. b Bourrache 2S a Bread-tree 188. a, 1069. 3. Bourse & pasteur 399. a Bread-tree. Jamaica 1457. a Boussena 64. 3 Breadfruit 18. a Bouton ronge 456. 3 Breadtruit, Australian 868.b Boutons d’argent 1711. b Breadfruit, Hottentot 749. a Bovist 1238. a Breakstone 65. a, 1595. b, *Bovista 1238 61. a Bow-bells 133. g Break-your-spectacles 422.¢ Bow-wood, North American Sream 350. a Dla Breast-weed 1790. a Bowel-hive 65. a Brechouss 1923. d Bowkail 303. e Brechniisse, schwarze 613. 3 Bowman’s-root 1171. a, 1655. a, b, WS a Breeches-flower 262 b NOT To PAGE. 415 Brierwood 1 Bright-e3 Britabie 17 Brimstone Rrra te Br: Briswert 1 Brittle-tha Britt.esten *Rracchia ms 3S Breeco! *Brodives Brombeere 2 Brome-srass =Bromelia 119 Brook-beao 1510. a Brook-fower Brook-tongue Brooklime OL ey ced. BD Brooklime, American 24a Brookweed 1772 Broom 641 TBroom 35). a Broom, Base $1. a Broom, Butcher's 1735. 3 Broom, Clover 34 b Broom, Dyer's Mla Broom, Green 831. a, 641. b Broom, Indige 754 b Broom, Irish 641. b Broom. Prickly 2036. a Broom, Scotch Sal. d Broom, Yellow 231 b Broon, Spanish 1 Sol. a Broom, Sweet 173 a a Broom, Thorn & Broom-brush 148. f Broom-rape 1170. a Broom-rape, American aS. a Broom-rape, Clover 1459. a Broom-rape Lesser 1459. a Broom-rape, Naked 1974.3 Broom-rape, One-fowered 1974 a Broom-rape, Pale 1974. a Broom-weed, Sweet 1516. 4 =Brossaea $70 Brotherwort 1308. h, 1994 a Broussa tea 2075. b Brown-Betty 1751, a Brown-bush 1513. a Brown-eyed-Susan 1751. a.¢ Brown-weed 926 Brownwort 1667. a, 1820.a,b Broyant 1956. a *Brugmansis 649 Brumbie oleong 1730. = Brunnenkresse 1742. b 416 Bruise-root 892. a . Bruisewort 248. a, 892, a, 1781, a, 1937. a Brum 863. i Bruscus 1755. a Brush 1713. a Brushes 423. c Brussels Sprouts 303, e Brustbeere 2155. c Brustbeere, Schwarze 2085.a *Bryanthus 1576 Bryone blanche 320. b *Bryonia 414, 613. d Bryony 320 Bryony, Black 320. u Bubby-bush 332. a *Bucco 236 *Buceras 2034 *Buchnera 2091 Bucuu, species 236 Buchweizen 821. a *Bucida 322 Buck-berry 2075. n Buck-berry, Seedy 2139. a Buck-bush 1936. a, ¢ Buck-grass 1240. a Buckbean 1310. a BUCKEYE, species 50 Buckeye, Spanish 2060. « Buckrams 76, h Buck’s-beard 2016. b Buck’s-horn 578, a, 1240, a BUCKTHORN, species 1721 Buck-thorn 1668. q uckthorn, Carolina 324. b Buckthorn, Jamaica 1743. | Buckthorn, Southern 324. b Buckthorn, Woolly 324, a BucKWHEAT, Varieties 821 Buckwheat, Climbing 1641.h Buckwheat, False 1641. i,j,k Buckwheat tree 519. a Buckwheat, Wild 773 *Buda 2005 *Buettneria 332 Buffalo-berry 1166 Buffalo-bur 1867. v Buffalo-nut 1698. a Buffalo-weed 95. b Bug-seed (Bug-weed) 575 Bugiene euenont) 497, a, 08: Bugbane, False 2018. a Bugle 63 Bugle, Bitter 1242. a, b Bugle (Codex) 63. ¢ Bugle, Sweet 1242. c BUGLEWEED, species 1242 Buglewort 1242 Bugloss 124, a +Bugloss 1591. a bugloss, Italian 124. b Bugloss, Sea 1623, a Bugloss, Small 124. b,1241.2 Bugloss, Small Wild 200. a Bugloss, Spanish 73. a Bugloss, upright 63. d Bugloss, Viper’s 731 Bugloss, Wild 1241. « *Buglossa 1241 Buglosse 124. a, b Buhach 482. b, ¢ *Buinalis 152 Bukko (Bucco) 236 Bukkum 338. ¢ *Bulbocastanum 32, 559 *Bulbostylis 1670 GENERAL INDEX. Bull-berry 1166. a Bull-brier 1865, m Bull-flower 355. a Bull-hoof 1515. b Bull-nettle 1867. i Bull-nut 1004. a Bull-rattle 1236. a, 1851. b Bull-segg 2055. a Bull-thatch 1757. b Bull-weed 423, d Bullage 1668. q Bulldog 151. a Bullet tree 1334, d, 1719. a Bulletrie 1228. a, 1334. d Bullfeist 1238. a *Bulliarda 2000 Bullifer 1238. a Bullock’s-eye 1830. a Bullock’s-heart 140. d Bull’s-eye, English 1751. a Bull’s-foot 2053. a +Bulrush 2055. a Bulrush, California 1809. b Bulrush, Egyptian 635. f Bulrush, Great 1809. a Bulwand 187. 8 Bullwort 1686, a, 1820. a Bully tree 682, 1228. 2,1334.d fBully tree 20. a Bully tree, Bastard 324. c Bumble 1809. a Bumblebee-root 2036. b Bumble-berry 1750. g *Bumelia 682, 1849 Bum-wood 1730. g Bunch-berry 576. ¢ Bunch-flower 1298. a Bunchelory 482. f Bund-weed 423. ad *Bunias 340 *Bunium 392, 559 Bunk 494, b, 555, a Bunny-mouth 151. a Bunny-rabbit 151. a Bunt 2071 *Buphthalmum 231, 287 Buplever 327, a Bur 1028. a Bur (Bur-nut) 400. ¢ Bur-bark 2041. a Bur, Canadian 683. a,2131. Bur-chervil 148, a Bur-cucumber 1845. a Bur-flag 1881 Bur-flower 1034. a Bur-head 727, 863, a Bur-Marigold 263. f, g,h Bur-reed 1881 Bur-seed 1137. a Bur-tree 1771. e BURDOCK, species 174 +Burdock, Lesser .b Burdock, Prairie 1852. ¢ Burdock, Sea 2131. b Burgundy-hay 1291. a Burn-wood 637. a BURNET, species 1774 Burning-bush 801. a, b Burnt-weed 456, a *Burrielia 227 Bursa pastoris 329, a *Bursera 738 Bursting-heart 801. b Burweed 2041, a, 2131. b Burweed, Thorny 2131. a Burweed Hedge-hog 2131. Buryt 1781, a *Busbeckia 1766 Buschthee 627 Busenna 64. a Bush-tree 333. a Busserole 176. f Bustie 682 Butcher’s-prick tree 801. c, 1721, Butter, Midshi, man’s 1546.¢c Butter, Vegetable 1546. ¢ Butter-and-eggs 1205. a, 1385. d Butter-basket 2043. a, b Butter-bur 1548. a {Butter-bur 2053. a Butter-flower, Great 355. a Butter-jags 1227. 2 Butter-leaves 218, f Butter-print 6. a Butter-tree 548. a Butter-tree, African 240. d Butter-tree, Indian 240. a Butter-weed 6. a, 1125..a, 1174. a, 1831, h BuTTERCOP, species 1711, 639 Buttercup 1658. a Buttercup, Meadow 355. a Buttercup, Pilewort 830. a Buttercup, Running 1658, c Buttercup, South African 1108. a Buttercup, White 1505. a Butterfly-pea 301 Butterfly-weed 195. d Butternut 1096. a Butternut, Guiana 393 Butterwort 1599. a Button-ball 1612. a Button-bur 2131. b Button-bush 428, a Button-hole 1814, a Button-tree 557. a Button-weed 6, a, 423. d Buttonwood 557. a Buttonwood shrub 428. a Buttonwood tree 1612. a Buttonwood, White 1130, a Butua 5.b, 475. a *Byttneria 332 *Butyrospermum 240 Caapeba 1602. i, j Cabaret 194, f Cabbage 303. e Cabbage, Arkansas 1917. a Cabbage, Bargeman’s 303. b Cabbage, Meadow 1883. a Cabbage, Skunk 1883. a {Cabbage, Skunk 1787. b Cabbage, Swamp 1883. 2 Cabbage, Water 399. b. ¢ Cabbage-tree 2110. b, ¢ Cabbage-wood 420. a *Cacalia 1815, 1942, 2093 *Cacao 1984 Cacao cimarrona 985. a ~, Cachibou (Chibou) 330. a Cachiman 140. b, e Cachou de Pégu 7. b Cacoon antidote 829. a *Cactus 1415, 1449 Cactus, Cochineal 1415. 2 Cactus, Russian 1767. ¢ Cacur 613. b Cade, Oil of 1099, ¢ Cadinum (Cadi) oleum 1099. ¢ or NUMBERS REFER TO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE. Cadlock 1712. a *Cenotus 1174 *Caesalpinia 928, 1009 Café 631. a Café chilen 396, i Café du Soudan 533, « Cafta 408. a Cahoun Palm 220. a Caille-lait blanc 868. f Caille-lait jaune 863. i Cailleau 1135, a Cainana 467. b Cainca (Cahinca) 467 a Cainca brasiliensis 467. b *Cainito 486 Cajannepfeffer 377. b eueeet “cn 2059, a é " uput (Cajeput) 389. esp. Cala ar-bean Baa, a p Calabarbohne 1582. a Calabash 1126. a Calabash, Sweet 1515. j Calabash tree 32. a, 595. a Calabazilla 614. 9 *Caladium 641 *Calais 1818 Calais, False 1416 Calambae 165. a Calamint 520. b, ¢ Calamint 1111. a alamint, Water 1308. « *Calamintha 620 Calamus (Calmus) 26. a Calamus aromaticus 26, a alamus, Sweet 129, 2 ‘alancapatle de pueblo 918.c *Calandrina 1452 *Calcitrapa 423, 525 Calcitrippa 656. c *Calea 1073 Calebasse 1126. a fea 1951, b ‘alf-kill 1103, a Calf-snout 151. a Calico-wood 1344. a Calisaya bark 498, a *Calla 1528, 2147 Calla, Wild 345. a *Cullarocarpa 401 *Callicocca 2062 Callicoonah oil 878. b *Calligonum 218 *Calliopsis 671 *Calliprora 2039 Calomel, Vegetable 1625, a *Calonyction 1066 Calool tree 1912. b *Calopogon 1200 Caltha sativa 844. a Caltrop, Land 2024. b Caltrops 1102. 423. b tCaltrops, Water 1657. b Calulu 1585. ¢ Calumba 1090. a Calumba, American 844. u Calumba, False 681. a *Calycanthus 332 *Calyptranthes 491, 796 *Calyptrocarpus 1941 *Calystegia 668 Camass, Death 2159. c Camass, Eastern 1701. » *Camassia 1701 Camata (Camatena) 1704. d Cambogia, U. S. P 867. Cambric-Jeaf 1420. b *Camellia 1980 Camel’s-foot 636. a Camel’s-hay 129, d Camganiba 317. a Cami) 18. a Camline 361. a *Cammarum 759 Cammock 1043. b, 1831. f fCammock 18. a, 1439, b, 1691. a CAMOMILE, species 145 Camomile, Blue 206. i Camomile, German 1285 cane Purple or Red Camomile, Roman 145. c Camomile, Spanish 115, b Camomile, Wild 482. f, 1285. a Camomille commune 1285. a Camomille d’ Allemagne 1285. a Camomille romaine 145. c Camomine 145 Camoroche 1658. a Camote 1066. a CAMOVYNE, species 145 Camovyne, Dog’s 1285. a *Campanula 994 Campanule 362. b Campeachy-wood 940. a Campescheholz 940. a Camphire 599, a Camphor 500. b Camphor, Borneo 710. a Camphor, Ngai 275. a Camphor plant 1619. a Camphor, Sumatra 710, a *Camphora 600. b Camphre 500. b CAMPION, species 1236 Campion, Bladder 1851. b Campion, Corn 61. a Campion, Moss 1851. ¢ Campion, Red Alpine 2104.a Campion, Snowy 1851. d Campion, Western White 1851. d Camwood 233, a Can-hoop 1053. j Canada-pest 807. a Canada-root 195. d Canaigre 1753. f Canary-bird flower 2044. b Canary-grass 1559. a, b Canary-vine 42. a Canary-weed 1150. b Cancer-dreps 1170. a Cancer-root 568. a, 1170. 2, 1974. a Cancer-root, Clustered1974.b Cancer-root, Yellow 1974. b Cancer-weed 1381. a Cancerillo 195. a Cancerwort 740. a, b Canchalagua 783. b ac, a Candle-berry 1375. § Candle-tree 406. a Candle-wick 2055. a, 2090. b Candle-wood 112, 841 Candlenut 69, a CANDY-TUFT 1049 Cane, Maiden 1876. a Cane, Spanish 192. a Cane, Sugar 1759. a Cane, Sweet 26.8 Cane-apple 172. b 417 Canebrake 191. a *Canella 499 Canella de Cheiro 1424, a Canella, False 499 Canella, Jamaica 499, b Canella, Magellan 706, 2 Canella, substitute 89. b Canella, White or Wild 68. a Canelle blanche 368. a Canelle de Ceylan 500. a Canella de China 500. a Canelle de Saigon 500. h Caninana 467, b Canker 1497. ¢ Cankerblooms 1743. a Canker-root 667. b, 740. a, 1202. a Canker-weed 1381. ¢ Canker-weed, White 1381. 3 Cankerwort 1959. a Canna-down 774, a Cannabis, Indian 370. a Cannabis Indica 370, a Cannastiirke 369, a Canne de Provence 192. a Canne-wood 1211. a Cantaloupe (Cantaleup) } 613. a Canterbury bells 362. ¢,e, ¢ *Cantua 888 Caoutchouc ,Cautschuc) 1001, 1183. 2, 2063, a, b Caoutchouc vine 2063, a Cap-mint 520. b Cape-weed 1739. a Caper, Bean 2160. a Caper bush 374. c, 803. g. Caper, Wild 803. g tCapers 355. a os de Montpelier a 40. Capillaire du Canada 40, b Capivi 585. a Capon’s-feather 166, b Capon’s-tail 166. b *Capraria 556, 105d Caprier 374. ¢ *Caprifolium 1222 *Capsella 329, 1030 Capsellae herba 329. a Capsicum, Star 1867. t Capsique 377. a Capthee 627 Caramba (Carambola) 222, b Caranna tree 1666. a ai (Carap or Crab) oi} 378. a Caraway 392. b Caraway, Black 1411. b Caraway, Wild 148. ¢, 1315, a, 1942. a Carberry 1732. i *Cardamindum 2044 *Cardamine 167, 660, 1149 CaRDAMOM (Cardamome) Cardamom 101 Cardamomum 742 Cardamomum majus 101, e Cardamomum, U.S. P.742.a Cardamom, Wild 2136 d Cardenbenedict 525. a *Cardiaca 1165 Cardiacke 74. a Cardiaire 1165. a Cardinal, Blue 1217. « 418 GENERAL INDEX. Cardinal, Red 1217. a Casse officinale 409. b Cedar, Bastard 1192. a, Cardinal-flower 1217. a Casse-diable 1043. b 1299, b, 1832. a, 1879. a *Cardiocarpus 1878 Casse-lunette 423. c Cedar, Berry-bearing 1099.c’ *Cardiophora 1878 Cassena 1053. k Cedar, Canoe 1992. a Cardoon 631, a Cassia 500. a, c,g,h Cedar, Carolina 1099. e Cardopatia 384, a *Cassia 409 Cedar, Feather-leaf 1992. b Cardui marie semen 1280.a Cassia caryophyllata 674.a Cedar, Ground 1026. b, Cardus, Blessed, etc, 525. a Cassia, Horse 409. a 1240, b *Carduus 1280 Cassia buds 500. f Cedar, Havana 417. a Carduus benedictus 525.a Cassia leaves 500. g Cedar, Incense 1192. a Careless 91. d Cassia lignea 500. a Cedar, Indian 1472. a , Caribbee (Caribaean) bark Cassia, Purging 404 b Cedar, Jamaica Red 417. a 816. a,c Cassia, stinking 396. i Cedar of Lebanon 419 Caricae fructus 831. a Cassia-flower 7. d Cedar, Oregon Red 1832. a Caricis rhizoma 382. a Cassis 1732. e cedar, Oregon White 1992.a Carlin Heather 765. ¢ Cassie 7,4 Cedar, Pencil 1099. a Carline (Carlina) 384. a *Cassumunar 2152 {Cedar, Pencil 1099. e Carlock (Carlick) 303. a *Cassuviuin 114 Cedar, Pacific Red 1992. a Carmendik 391. under a Castana equina 50, b Cedar, Port Oxford 453 Carnation 664, a Castana-nut 257, a Cedar, Post 453. a, 1192. a Carnauba wax 566. « *Castanea 401 Cedar, Prickly 1099. c Carob tree 432. a Castanhiero de Para 257.4 Cedar, Red 1099. e Caroba 265. ¢, 1082. 4, b,c Cast-me-down i145. c 7{Cedar, Red 1879. a Fearobe 1880 Castor-oil plant 1735. a Cedar, Singapore 417. b arolina bark 1597. a Cat 408. a Cedar, Spanish 417. a, 1099.c Carony bark 621. a Cat tree 801. ¢ Cedar, Stinking 2050. b Carotte 651. a Cat-berry 1054. a, 1732. i Cedar, Swamp 453. a Caroube (Carouge) 432. a Cat-brier 1865. 0 Cedar, Sweet-scented 417. a Carpenter-herb 63. ¢ Cat-gut 590. d Cedar, Virginian 1099. e Carpenter’s-grass 18, a Cat-in-clover 1227. a Cedar, Washington 1832. b ‘Carpenter’s-square 1820. b,e Cat-locks 774. a Cedar, West Indian 417. a ‘Carpet-weed 1345. a Cat-o-nine-tails 2055. a Cedar, White 453, 1192. a, *Carphephorus 244, 1169 Cat-pea 2096. ¢ 1992. _b *Carpinus 1472 Cat-posy 248. a Cedar, White 1299. b *Carpopagon 1365 Cat-tail 2055 Cedar-wood oil 417. a ‘Carragaheen 477, a Cat-whin 1743. a Cedra (Cedrat, Cedrate) Carrageen (Carigeen) 477. x Cat-whistles 758, ¢ 506. f ‘Carrion-flower 1865, d Cataire (Chataire) 1399.4 *Cedrela, 1934 ‘Carrot 651. a Catalpa tree 406 Cedron 1853. a, b ‘Carrot, Candia 212. a *Catappa 322 Cédron, Cotylédon de ‘Carrot, Cretan 212. a Catapuce 803, 1853. a, b Carrot, Deadly 1978, a Catarrb-root, East India Cedronbohne 1853. a, b Carrot-weed 95, a 82. b *Cedronella 1292 Carsons 1742. b Catawba tree 406 *Cedrus 417, 1934 Carthagena bark 498. b CATCHFLY, species 1851 +Celandine 1976. d Carthama 391. a {Catchfly 151. a, 169. a Celandine, Brook 1057. d *Carum 158, 211, 559, 1552, Catchweed 200. a, 863.4, b Celandine, Garden 462 1690 Catechu 7. b,1 Celandine, Greater 462, a Carum, U.S. P. 392. b Catechu, Pale 1473, a Celandine, Lesser 830. a Carvies 392. b Catechu nigrum 7, b Celandine, Sea 892. a *Carya 1004 Catechu 177. a Celandine, Wild 1057, a, d Caryophyllatae aquosae Cateputia minor 803. g Celaster (Celastre) 421. a rad. 885. b Caterpillars 1373. a *Celastrus 408 Caryophyllatae rad, 885.4 *Catha 1200 Celeriac 168. a Caryophyllati cortex 67:.. Catmint 1399. a Celery 158. a *Caryophyilus 796 Catnep {Casnip) 1399. a Celery, Water 1711. k,2081. a Caryophyllus, U. S. P 796.a Catrup (Cat’s-wort) 1399, 4 Celery, Wild 1866. a, 2081. a *Caryotaxus 2060 Cats-claw 7. f, 1608. e {Celery-seed 1753. g Cascara amarga 1961. b Cat’s-claws 149, a Celine 1302. a Cascara Sagrada 1721,k,1 —Cat’s-ear 144, a, 1045 Celtis 2019 Cascarilla (Cascarille) 606. b Cat’s-eye 2094, d,e Cembra nut 1601. a yee weet (Casse-weed ) Cat?s-faces 2102. f ene 218, oe . a J. ts mtaurea 5: Cashaw 1664. a a fae oe laa Centaurée Americaine pasneutee dea! Cat's-milk: 803. d Can ee Patin ee Cashes 555, a Cat’s-tail 91. 0,758, a, 1003,a £ aut eure, aut 83. a Cashew, West Indian 114. a Cat’s-tail, Blu 731, a ‘ashew-nut, Oriental 1829.a *Centauridium 2130 hoo 7. b Cat's-tail 774. a, 1566. u Centaurium minus 783. a Cashunuss 114, a Cauliflower 303, e Centaury 423. d, 783, 1688, d Cassabully 235, a Céanothe 415 Centaury, American 1758. a Cassada 682 *Ceanothus 43, 544 Centaury, Corn 423. c¢ Cassadong 1145. c Cebadilla 193. a Centaury, Ground 844. xu, *Cassandra 454 Cebu balsam 1498. a 1638. f Cassava 1276. b, c Cedar, Alaska 453 Centifolienrose 1743, b Cassavastiirke 1276. b Cedar, Australian Red 417.b Centinode 1641, 4d €asse en batons 409, b Cedar, Barbadoes 417, a *Centrosema 301 NUMBERS REFER TO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE, *Centrospermum 14 Century plant 56, a *Cephielis 2062 *Cephalina 1784 *Cephalophora 1589 *Cephalostachyum 232. | *Ceramium 1889 *Cerastium 83, 1341 *Cerasus 1668 *Cerbera 1958, 1988 Cerefolii herba 148, b *Cerefolium 148 Cereus, Night-blooming 438, a oe a b érisier 1668, e, g, p Ceroline 1057, a, d Cervaria alba 1139. a *Cervispina 1721 Cess, Sweet 1378, a Cevadilla 193. a Cévadille 193. a Chadlock 303. a *Chenactis 1460 *Chenobolus 1683 *Chaerophyllum 148 *Chaetopappa 691 Chafe-weed 886. a, 904. a, b Chaff-seed_ 1807 Chaff-weed 426, a, 904 Chagual gum 1695. a Chain-fern 2126 *Chairomyces 2047, e Chalice-flower 1385. a *Chalmoogra 937 Chamedryos herba 1973. b Chamedrys 1973, b Chamepitys 63. a *Chamerops 1722, 1737, 1833 Chaméléon blanc 215. a CHAMOMILE, species 145 Chamomile de Perse 482.b.c Chamomile, see Camomile 1285. a *Chamomilla 145, 1285 Chamomilla romana 1435. c Champaca (Champak) 1324 2 *Champaca 1324 Chanrpignon 1278. « Chanvre 370, a Chanvre aquatique 263. i Chanvre batard 861. a Chanvre du Canada, 160. b *Chaptalia 1995 Chardon 781. b Chardon bénit 525, a Chardon doré 384, a Chardon étoilé 423. b Chardon Marie 1280. a Charity 1684. a Charlock 303. a, 1856. a Charlock, Jointed 1712. a Charlock, White 1712. a Charus (Charrus) 370, a Chasbow 1497. c. d Chaste-tree 2107. a Chastey 400. c Chataigne d’eau 2017. a Chatigne du Brésil 257. a Chataignier 400 Chataignier d’Inde 50. b ae anes (Chalmoogra) a *Chavannesia 2063 Chavicae spadices 460, d Chaw-stick 913. a Chaya (Chay-root) 1429. u Cheadle 1812. b Cheat 313. a, 361. a, 1220. a Chebula 322. d Checkerberry 870. b, 1336. Checker tree 1875. e Cheese-bowl 1497. c. d Cheese-cake plant 1270. b Cheese-rennet 863. i Cheeses 1270, 225. a *Cheiranthodendron 846 *Cheiranthus 782 Cheken (Chekan) 796, b Chelem 56. b Chélidoine 462. a Chélidoine, Petite 830, a *Chelidonium 892, 1927 Chéne 1704 Chénevis 370. a Chenile 1041."b Chénopode & grappes 464. c *Chenopodium 273, 696, 1109, 1747 Chenopodium, U. S. P. 464.c Chequen 796, b Cherimolia 140. a Cherimoyer 140. a CHERRY, species 1668 Cherry, Barbados 1268. b Cherry, Cornelian 576. h Cherry, Cowhage 1268. c Cherry, Dwarf 1867. t CHERRY, GROUND, species 1578 Cherry, Ground 1187 Cherry, Indian 96, c,1721.b Cherry, Jamaica 831.h Cherry, Jerusalem 1867. s Cherry, Marlberry 1051. a Cherry, May 96. ¢ Cherry, Poison Black 219.2 tCherry, Sand 96. ¢ Cherry, Surinam 1268, a Cherry, Winter 1867. s {Cherry, Winter 380. a Cherry-laure] 1668, f, i Cherry-pie 755. a, 973. a Cherry-wood 2095, d CHERVIL, species 148 Chervil 445 Chervil, Hemlock 411. a Chervil, Needle 1796. a Chervil, Rough 411. a Chervil, Spanish 1878. 2 Chervil, Sweet 1878. a, 15. a, b Chess 313, a Chesses 1488, b CHESTNUT, species 400 Chestnut, ‘Earth 659. 2 Chestnut, Golden-leaved 401. a, Chestnut, Horse- 50 Chestnut, Kafir 298, a Chestnut, Oak 401 Chestnut, Water 2017. a Chestnut, Wild 298. a Chettik 1923. f Chew-bark 2058. e Chew-stick 913, a Chevorell 148, b. Chévrefeuille 1222. a Chia seed 1769. e, £ Chick-pea, Lesser 1141. h Chicken-berry 870. b, 1336.a Chicken-fighters 2102. ¢ Chicken-weed 83. ¢, 1831. g Chicken’s-meat 494. a 419 Chicken’s-toes 568. 21763. a Chickweed 83. esp. c, 430 Chickweed, Blinking 1358.a Chickweed (Chickenweed) Red 116. a Chickweed, Forked 152 Chickweed, Germander 2094. h Chickweed, Gravel 1810. a Chidkweed, Indian 1345. a Chickweed, Ivy 2094. i Chickweed, Mouse-ear 83. a Chickweed, Sea 99. a Cnickweed, Silver 1506. a Chickweed, Star-flowered 2081. a Chickweed, Water 83. a, 1858 Chicle 20. a, 1334. d Chicorée sauvage 494. b Chicory 494, b Chicot 930. a Chiendent des Indes 199. f Chiendent officinal 60. a Chiendent, Petit 60. a Chigger-weed 145. b Children’s-bane 495 b Chilli coyote 1325. a, b Chillies 377. a, b *Chilmoria 934 Chimney-sweep 1611. b China (Chinae cortex) 498. a,e,f China-root 1865. b, m China-root, False 1865. m China-shot 369 China tree 1299. b, 1912. a China-tree, Wild 1779. a, b Chinae radix (tuber) 1865. b Chinar tree 1612. a Chinarinde 498. a, e, f Chinawurzel 1865. b Chincone 1831. g¢ Chinese-berries 1874. a Chinkapin, (chinquapin) 400. b Chinkapin, California. <¢1.9 Chinkapin, Water, 1391. a Chinks, 870. b Chinguapin, (Chincapin) 400. Chinwood, 1963. a, ¢ Chiquito, 548. a Chiretta, (Chirata, Chiray- ta, 1933. a) Chirette, 1933. a *Chironia, 1758. Chittam (Chittim) bark, 1721. k Chittam-wood, 583. a Chittim-wood, 324, b Chines, 76. f Chocolate flower, 883. a Chocolate, Indian 885, b Chocolate root, 885. b, e, f, ete. Chocolate tree, 19#4. a Chock-cheese, 1270. b Choke-berry, 185 Choke-pear, 185. Chop-nut, 1582. a Chopped-eggs, 1205. Chou, 303. € Chris-root, 974. ¢ Christ-thorn, 1491. 5 Christdorn, 1053. a hristmas, 1053 a 420 Christmas-berry, California 997. a Christmas-flower, ‘759. a, 974. b Christmas-green, 1240, b. Christopher, Herb, see Herb Christopher. Christophs wurz, 28. ¢ Christophorinae radix, 497. a Christ’s-eye 1062. d Christ’s herb, 974. b Christ’s-ladder, 783. a Christwurz, 974. b, c, *Chronosemium, 203: Chowlee, 2098. a *Chrysanthemum,1285.1957 Co Sethe Garden, . hi Chrysarobin, 2110, a *Chrysaspis, 2032. *Chiysocoma, 476, 809, 2093. *Chrysudiuw, 27. *Chrysophylla, 566. *Chrysophyllum, 1228. Chuckies, 166. a Chufa, 635. b. Chumpaka, 1324. a Church-brooms, 686. b Churchwort, 1308. h Churn-staff, 803. d Churrus, (Cherrus) 370. a *Chusquea, 232. m Cibol, 76. a *Cicea, 1575. Cicely, Fool’s 51.2 Cicely, Rough 411. a CICELY , SWEET species 2115. Cicely (Cisley ), Sweet 1878.4 Cicely, Wild 148. c *Cicendia, 783. *Cicuta, 949. Cicuta major, 555, a *Cicutaria, 495, Ciderage 1641. 1 *Cienfuegia, 496. Cierge & grandes fleurs, 438.a Cigar Tree, 406. Cigué officinale, 555. u Cigué petite, 5l.a Cigué vireuse, 495. c *Cimicifuga, 2018 Cinabliithen, 187. n Cinae flores, 187. n *Cinchona, 816, 1597, 1716. Cinchona, African 1784. a *Cineraria, 1831, Cineraria, 1831. e CINNAMON, Var.s 500. a, c, g Cinnamon, Black 1594. a Cinnamon, Clove 674, a Cinnamon, White or Wild 368. a Cinnamon, Wild 1594, a Cinnamon, Winter’s 706, a Cinnamon-root, 1062. b Cinnamon-wood, 1788. a Cinquefoil, 1487, a, 1658. b, ¢, d,e, f Cinquefoil, Marsh 547, a Cinquefoil, Purple 647. a Cinquefoil, Silvery 1658, b *Cirsium, 381. *Cissus, 105, 1514. *Cistus, 967, Cistus, Marsh 1153. b Citri, flavedo etc. 506. i GENERAL INDEX. Citron, (Citrone) 506. f, i, k Citron-wood, . Citronella, 539, b Citronella Oil, 129. ¢ Citronelle, 187. a, 1302, « Citronenkraut, 1302. a Citronenmelisse, 1302. a Cives (Civet) 76. f Civette, 76. f Clammy-weed, 1633. Clamoun, 1103. d Clappedepouch, 329, a Clapwort, 558, a Clary, 1769. d Clavalier, 2136. c,e Clavelli Cassiae,(Cinnam- omi) 500. f Claver, 1227. a Claver-grass, 863. a,b Clavus secalinus, 512. a Clay-weed, 2053. a Clear-eye, 1769, d Clearing-nut 1928, e Clearweed, 41.4 Cleat, 1548, a Cleats, 2053. 2 Cleavers, (Clivers) 863 Cleaverwort, 863. a, b *Clematis, 216, 1693. Clematis, Mountain 216. a *Cleome, 1633. *Cliff-brake, 1527. a Cliff-weed, 1000. 2 Climath, 1730, h Climber, Woody, 1514. a Climbing-sailor, 629. a Cling-rascal, 863. a, b *Clinopodium, 1111 Clit-bur, 174. a, b *Clitoria, 301 Clive, 59. a, 174, a, b Clock, 1611. b Cloistered-heart, 882. i Clothier’s-brush, 686. a Clove bark, 500. 6 Clove tree, 796. a Clove, Wild 1594. a Clove-bark Tree, 674. 4 Ciove-root, 885. d Clove-strip, 1100, a Clove-tougue, 974. b Cloves, 796. a CLOVER, species 2032. +Clover 1294. under a Clover, Bitter 1758. a Clover, Bokhara 1300. a Clover, Brazilian 1291. da Clover, Bur 1291, a Clover, Burgundy 1291. d Clover, Bush 1179. Clover, Cabul 1300. a Clover, California 1291. a Clover, Chilian 1291, d Clover, Cuckoo’s 1475. 4 Clover, Dusty 1179. a Clover, Dutch 1291. 4d Clover, Florida 1733. a Clover, Gawk’s 1475, a Clover, Hart's 1300. b Clover, Heart 1291. a Clover, Hop 2032. a, b {Clover, Hop 1291. ¢ Clover, Horned 1291. c Clover, Japan 1179 b “Clover, King’s 1300. b Clover, Ladies’ 1475. a Clover, Marsh 1310. a Clover, Mexican 1733. a Clover, Pin 777. a Clover, Plaster 1300. b Clover, Prairie 1118. a, b Clover, pleening 1475. a Clover, Snail 1291 Clover, Sour, 1475. a Clover, Spanish 1291. d, 1733. a Clover, Spotted 1291. a Clover, Sweet 1300. a, b Clover, Thousand-leaved18.a Clover, Tree 1300. a Clover, Wild 1179. b Clover, Winter 1366. a CLOTBOUR, species 2131 tClotbur, 174. a, b Clotebur, 2181, 174. a, b Clote-leaf, 1420. b Clotweed, 2131 Clous aromatiques 796. « Cloud-berry, 1750. f +Cloud-berry, 1750. p CLUB-MOSS, species 1240 Club-moss, Dwarf 1825. b Club-moss, Prickly 1825. ¢ Club-weed, 423. d Cluster-berry, 2075. p *Clutia, 606 *Clypeola, 88, 1112 *Cnicus, 381 Coakum, 15485. b Cob-nut 579. ¢ Cob-nut, West Indian 1434.2 Coca (Cuca) 787, a Cocablatter 787. a Cocash 206. h Cocash-weed 1831. a Cocco (Cocoe) 541. a Coccognidii cortex 644 *Coccoloba 526 *Cocculus 117, 416, 475, 1090 Cocculus Indicus 117 Cocellafia 921. a Cochineal Cactus 1449. b Cochineal Oak 1704. 1 *Cochlearia 578, 1742 Cocoa, Brazilian 1518 a Cocowort 329, a Cock-foot 462. a Cock-head 1900. 2 Cock-up-hat 1914, a Cockeno 1497. c Cock-spur 1604. a Cockiloorie 248. a Cockle 2074. a Cockle, Corn 61, a Cockle, Indian, 117. a +Cockle-bur 59, 174. a, b Cocklebur, Common 2131, b Cocklebur, Thorny 2131. 4 Cockly -bur 174, a. b Cocks 1611. b Cock’s-head plant 1437. a Cock’s-foot 166. b {eo rescomib 1437. a ckscomb, Yellow 1726 a Cock-weed 61. a Cocky-baby 189. 2 Cocoa 1984. a Cocoanut 529, b Coeotier 529. b Cod-head 463. a Codia 1497. d Codlins-and-cream 755. « *Coelestina 57 Coffee 531. a NUMBERS REFER TO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE. Coffee, Mogdad 396. i Coffee, Negro 396. i Coffee nut 930. a Coffee, Soudan 533. a, 1503. a Coffee, Swedish 208, a Coffee tree, American 930.a Coffee tree, California 1721.k Coffee, Wild 2037. a Coffee-bean, Kentucky 930.a Cognassier 628, a Cohosh, Black 497. a Cohosh, Blue 413. a Cohosh, Red 27. b Cohosh, White 27. a Cohune Palm 220. a Coing 628. a Coing du Bengale 47. a *Coinogyne 1092 ‘Cojote, Chili 614. a *Colaria 533 Colchique 534, a Cold seeds 505. a, 613. a, c, 614, d, 1126. a Cole-rape 303, b Colework 303. e Colewort, Hare’s 1871. b, c Coliander 573. a Colic-root 680. f, 194. a +Colic-root 160, a, 1124 b, c Colic-weed 262. a +Colic-weed 262. b, 372. b Colicwort 65. a Collard (Collet) 303. 6 Collard 1883, a Collard, Wild 1315, b Collinsonie 539. b Collmarkraut 116. wv *Collomia 888 Colocynth 505. b *Colocynthis 505 Colocynthis, U. S. P. 505. b Colombo Americana 844, a Colombo de Mariette 844. a Colombowurzel 844. a Colophony 1601. i Coloquinte 505. b Colt-herb 2053. a Colt’s-tail 1174, a Colt’s-foot 2053, a +Coltsfoot 355. a, 858. a Coltsfoot, False 194. a Coltsfoot, Sweet 1548 Coltsfoot, Water 1420. b *Colubrina 43 Colubrina radix 182. f Columbariz herba 2091, f Columbinae radix 1641. e CoOLUMBINE 166 ulumbine, Feathered 1976. a, ete Columbine, Tufted 1976. ¢ Columbo (Colombe) 1090. a. Columbo, American 844. a Columbo-wood 581, a Colza 303. b Coma 324, b Comb 304. a Comb-flower 968. a, 304. b Comfrey 1937. a Comfrey, Middle 63. ¢ Comfrey, Saracens’ 1831. f Comfrey, Spotted 1692. a Comfrey ild 633, b *Commelina 993 Compass-plant 1125. e 1852, a Concombre 613. ¢ Concombre purgatif d’4ne 724, a Concombre sauvage 724. a *Condalia 1720 Condiar 178, a Condurango 1282, 2 *Condylocarpus 1832 CoNE-FLOWER, species 1751 Cone-flower, Long-headed 1713, a Cone-flower, Prairie 1713. a Cone-flower, Purple 304 Conessi bark 1011 Congo-root 1679. e *Coniothele 268 *Conocarpus 1130 *Conoclinium 802 Conomon 613. a *Conostylis 1223 Conquer-John 1639, a *Conradia 1255 Consolida major 1937. a Consolida regalis 656. ¢ Consolida Saracenica 1869. b Consoude grande 1937.a Consound 248. a, 1937. a Consound, King’s 656. ¢ Consound, Middle 6%. c Constancy 1824. j Consumption-weed 1696. d Consumptive’s-weed 772. a Contrayerva 698, a, b Contrayerva, German 630.b Conval-lily 562. a *Convallaria 1639, 2076 *Convolvulus 308, 815, 1066, 1444 Convulsion-root 1356. a Convulsion-weed 1356, a *Conyza 1062, 1683, 1834 Conyze 1062. b *Conyzella 1174 Cooch-(Cutch-)grass 60, a Cool-tankard 284, a Coolstock 303. @ Coolweed dl. a Coolwort (White) 1997, a Coon-root 1773. a Coontee (Coontie) 2145. a *Copaiba 565 Copaiba (Copaiva) 565 =Copaifera 565 Copal, Chacaze 2013. a Capal, Indian 2086. a Copal, Jackass 2013. a Copal, Kauri 55, a Copal, Malabar 2086. a Copal, Mexican 735. a Copal, West Indian 1036, a Copal, Zanzibar 2013, a Copal-balsam 1210. b Copal-tree 2086. a Copalchi bark 606. f Copalm 565, a Copalm tree 1210. b Copper-leaf 1696. d *Coprosmanthus 1865 Coptida 567, b Coq des jardins 482. a Coque du Levant 117. a Coquelicot 1497. ¢ Coquelourde 1693. b Coquilla-nut 220. b Coral-and-pearl 27, b Coral-bean 1874. b Coral-bean, Large 1457. a Coral-berry 1936. ¢ 421 Coral-evergreen 1240. a Coral-root 568 « Coral-root, Crested 1002 Coral-tree 784 *Carallocarpus 320, d Corassol 140. b, d,e Corazo Palm 220.a *Cordia 2085 *Cordiceps 512] Cordylanthus 37 *Coreopsis 263, 1982, 2092 Coriander (Coriandre)573. a Coriander, Roman 1411. b Coriariae fructus 338. a Corme 1875. e Cork-tree 1704. s, t,u Corkscrew plant 936. b Cork-wood 1156. a {Cork-wood 1604. b Cork-wood tree 140. & Corn, Amel 2040, d Corn, Broom 1876. b Corn, Chocolate 1876. b Corn Cockle 61 Corn, Coffee 1876. b Corn, Guinea 1876. b Corn, Heath 821. a Corn, Indian 2148. a Corn, Kafir 1876. b Corn, Parrot’s 391. a Corn, St. Peter’s 2040.c Corn, Saracen’s 82l. a 7Corn, ‘Turkey- 2148. a Corn-bind 563. a, 1041. hb Corn-binks 423. ¢ {Corn-bottle 423 c Corn-Hower 423. ¢ Corn-salad, Beaked 2078. b Corn-salad, European 2U78.a, Corn-smut 2071. a *Cornea 877 CoRNEL, species 576 Cornelian tree 576, f, bh Coronilla 577 a Cornouiller 576. b, f, h Cornstalk-weed 1657, ¢ Cornwood 1682. b *Coronaria 1236 Corozo nut 1€84, a Corpse-plant 1356. a Cortex adstringens brasi- liensis 1925. a *Corvisartia 1062 *Corydalls 262 Corydales 262. a *Corydalis 372 Corydalis cava 372. ¢ Corydalis solida 372. a *Corypha 566, 1757 *Cosmea (Cosmus) 582 Cosso 941. a Cost (Costus) 482 a Cost, English 1957. 4 Costmary 482. a Costus dulcis 368. a Costus root 1791 Coto bark 1390. d Coto bark 706. a Coton 912. ¢ Cottagers 677. a CoTron 912 Cotton, Lavender 1777. a Cotton, Petty 904 Cotton, Wild 160. b, 195. u Cotton-bush 1109. b Cotton-grass 774 Cotton-seed tree 226. w 422 Cotton-tree 420. a, 1652. ¢, 1 Cotton-weed 144, a, 121. a, 6. a Cotton wood 1652. c, d, v, f +Cottonwood 1999, ¢ Cotylet 586. a Couch-grass 60. a Couch-grass, Indian 376. a Couch-grass, Red 382, a Coundi oil 378, b Cough-root 2036, a Cough-root, California1193. b Cough-weed 1831. a Coughwort 2053. a Cougourde 1126. a Couleuvrée 320. b Coumarin 147. a, 201. b, 688. a, b, 863. h Conmarouma bean 688. a, b *Coumarouna 688 *Courbari 1036 Courbaril 1036. a Courge potiron 614. b Courida 223, a Couronne de moine 1959, a Couronne de Saint-jeans187.s Courtship-and-matrimony 2057. a Coutfit 2053. a Coventry-belis 362. da, f Cover-shame 1099. d Covey (Sweet) 777. b Cow-bell 1851. b Cow-berry 547. a, 1336. a, 1851. b, 2075. p Cow-grass 2032. f, j, 1641. d Cow-herb 2074, a Cow’s-lick 320. b Cow-lily 355. a Cow-mumble 148. ¢ Cow-medles 1796. a Cow-plant 1728, da Cow-poison 656. e Cow-quake 1884. a Cow-rattle 1226. a Cow-sinkin 1660. b Cow-tongue 521. a Cow-tree 315. b, 528, 1334. a, 1946, a Cow-weed 148. ¢ Cow-wheat 1296. a Cowbane 495. c, 1479. b Cowbane, Spotted 555. a Cowbind 320. b Cowdie gum 55. a Cowhage (Cowage) 1365 Cowish 1554, a Cowitch 1365, a Cow’s-tail 1174, a Cow’s-wort 1523, b Cowslip 1385. a 7Cowslip 183, g,355.a,1057.d, 1711. i, 2061. a Cowslip, American 693. a {Cowslip, American 1314. a Cowslip, Bedlam 1692, a Cowslip, Bugloss 1692, a Cowslip, English 1660. d Cowslip, French ‘660. a Cowslip, Great 1660. b Cowslip, Jerusalem 1692, a Cowslip, Mountain 1660. a Cowslip, Virginia 1314. a Cowslop 355. a Cowthwort, 1165, a Coxcomb, Red 91, 4 CRAB-APPLE, species 1269 GENERAL INDEX. Crab-grass 1763. a Crab-stock 1269. a Crab-tree 1269, 378. a Crab-weed 1641. d Crab’s-claws 1641. u Crab’s-eyes 4. a Crabwood tree 378, a *Cracca 310 Cracker berry 576. ¢ Crackers 873. d Crain 830. a Crake-berry ae Tala Crake-feet 1450. Crake-needles 1796. a Cranberry 1476. b Cramp-bark 2095, d Cran de Bretagne 1742. a CRANBERRY, species 1476 Cranberry, High-bush 2095. d Cranberry, Mountain 2075. p, 176. f Cranberry, Rock 2075. p Cranberry, Upland 176. f Cranberry tree 2095. d. m Cranberry, White 468. a Crane-willow 428. a Crane’s-berry 1476. a Cranesbill 883 Crap 821. a Crashes 1742. b Crassula major 1824. c *Crassuvium 321 *Crataegus 96, 584, 997 *Crataeva 47 Cravobaum 674, a Crawley, False 1684. a Crawley-root 568. a, b Crawnels 149. a Crazy 1711. ¢ Crazy-Bet 355. a Crazy-weed 208. c, p Cream-cups 1614 Cream-nut 257. a Cream-of-tartar tree 32 Creashak 176. f Creeperj563. c, 1325. ¢ Creeper, Trumpet 1964. a Creeper, Virginia 1514, a Creeping-bur 1240. a Creeping-Charlie 894. a, 24, a Creeping-Jack 1824, a Creeping-Jenny 1325. c 1240. a, b, 1149. a, 1824. b Creeping-sailor 1792. a CREESY, species 1711 *Crematomia 294 Creosote bush 688, a *Crepis 1163 Crepitus lupi 1238. 2 Cress, Bank 1860. a Cress, Bastard 1989. a, 1168. ¢ , Belle-isle 235. b Cress, Butter 1711. ¢ Cress, Cow 1168. ¢ Cress, Field 1168. ¢ Cress, French 235, a Cress, Garden 1168. 6 Cress, Indian 2044. a Cress, Lamb’s 379, b Cress, Land 235. a, b, 379. b Cress, Leek 74. a Cress, Mouse-ear 1908. a Cress, Normandy 235. a , Bitter 379. esp.a,235.a Cress, Para 1893. a Cress, Penny 1989. a Cress, Peter’s 599. a Cress, Purple 379. d Cress, Rock 167, 1908. a Cress, Rock 487. a Cress, Rocket 235. a Cress, St. Barbara’s 235. a Cress, Spring 379. d Cress, Swine’s 578. a Cress, Thale 1908, a Cress, Tower 167. c Cress, Wall 167, 1908, a Cress, Wart 578 Cress, Winter 235 Cress, Yellow 1711. ¢ Cresson de fontaine, 1742. b Cresson de Para, 1893. a Cresson de roches, 487. a Cresson des prés, 379. c Cressonée 2094. ¢ Crest-marine 599. a Creyat 127.a Crinkle-root 660. a Cristalline 1316. a *Cristaria 1271 *Crockeria 1140 Crocklety-bur 174. a, b Crocodile 514. d, 1053. a fCrocus 754. a Crocus, Autumn 534. a Crocus, Autumnal 601. 4 Crocus, Meadow 534. a Crocus, Michaelmas 534. a Crocus, Prairie 1693. a Crocus, Purple 534. a Crocus, U.S. P. 601. a Crocus, Wild 1693. a Cropweed 423. d Cross-flower 1638. Cross-of-Jerusalem 1236, b Cross-vine 265. b +Crossvine 1964. a *Crossopetalum 1372 Crosstoes 1227. a Crossweed 685. a Crosswort 1249. b, 802. i Crosswort, Golden 863. 6 *Crotalaria 234. *Croton 1267, 1780 Croton 011 606. bh Crouper-bush 428. a Crow-bells 1808. a Crowbells, Yellow 1885, 2 Crow-corn 68. a Crow-fig 1923. a Crow-flower 1236. d Crow-Pea 747. a Crow-poison 479. Crow-silk 1889. a Crow-soap 1781. 3, Crow-toe 660. b, 1227, a Crow-victuals 894. a Crow-berry 747, 176, f,1476.a Crow-berry, Broom 570 Crowberry, Plymouth 570. a Crowd-weed 303, a, 1168. ¢ Crowdy 1824, a CROWFOOT, species 1711. fCrowfoot 355, a, 660. b. 883, a, 1240. b, c, 1478 Crowfoot, Musk 46. a Crowfoot, Water 242 Crowfoot, White-flowered 3. a Crowfoot, Wood 133, g Crown bark 498, e NUMBERS REFER TO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE. Crown-beard, Sunflower, 2092. b Crown-imperial 847. b Crown-of-the-field 61. « Crow’s-foot 149. a *Cruciata 863. e Crummock 1863. ¢ *Cryptanthus 154 *Cryptotalnia 661. Cuba-wood 472, a Cubeb, (Cubébe) 611. a Cubeb, African (Guinea) 611. f Cucklebur, Sea 2131. ¢ Cucklemoors 174. a, b Cuckold-dock 174, a, b Cuckoo-babies 189. a Cuckoo-bread 1475. a Cuckoo-buds 1711. ¢ Cuckoo-button 174. a, b Cuckoo-flower 379. ¢, 1236. d, 1475. a +Cuckoo-flower 133, g Cuckoo-flower, White 1236 a Cuekoo-flower, Wild 1236. a Cuckoo-pint 189. a Cuckoo-sour 1475. a Cuckoo-spit 379. ¢ +Cuckoo-spit 133. g Cuckoo’s-cap 25. i Cuckoo’s-meat 1475, a *Cucubalus 1851 Cucumber 613. ¢ Cucumber, Bitter 505. b Cucumber, Creeping 1305. a Cucumber, Indian 1290. a Cucumber, One-seeded 1845 Cucumber, Snake 613, a Cucumber, Squirting 724. a Cucumber, Wild 1845.a,724.a ees Indian a Cucumber-tree 1262, a,c,d,e, 222. a +Cucumber-tree 1211. a *Cucumis 505, 614, 1232 Cucumis agrestis 724. a Cucumis asininus 724, a *Cucurbita 505 Cucurbitae semina 614. d Cudbear 1150. f CUDWEED, species 144 Cudweed 904, 886. a ~Cadweed 1150. b Cudweed, Childing 886. a Cudweed, Golden 1683, b Cukukskraut 379, ¢ Culberdill 15. a Culilawan bark 500. e Culip 2049 Cullavine 166, b Culiay 1705. a *Culletia 43 Culrage 1641. 1 Culupa (Curuba) 15165. j Culverkeys 1660. d Culver’s-physic 1171. a Culver’s-root 1171. a Culverwort 166, b Cumin (Cummin) 615. a Cumin, Black 1411. b Cumin de prés 392, b Cumin, Sweet 1595, a Cuminum nigrum 1411. b Cundurango 1282. a Cundurango blanco 1672. a @ Cundurango de platano 730. a Cundurango de paloma 730. b, 910. a *Cunila 960 Cup-plant 1852. b *Cupameni 9 *Cupania 272 *Cuphea 1511 Cuphea, Clammy 1511. 4 Cup-guldilocks 2028. a Cups-and-saucers 586, a Cupid’s-delight 2102. f Cuprea bark 1716. a, b *Cupressus 453, 1962 Cuprose 1497. ¢ Curagao 506. c, d Curaie 1923. g Cureuma, Ohio 1032. a Curdwort 863. i Cure-all 885. b, 1302. a Cure-all, King’s 1436. a Curlew-berry 747. a Curleck 303. a, 1712. a Curly-grass 1800 Curly-head 514. e Curranbine 166 b. CURRANT, species 1732 Currant 2108. e Currant, Indian 1936. ¢ Currant-leaf 1337. a Curry-Jeaf 449. a Cushag 1831. f *Cussambium 1804 Cusso (Cousso) 941 Custard-apple 140. esp. d & e +Custard-apple 198. a, 383, a Cut-finger 2100. a Cut-heal 2077. ¢ Cut-paper 316, a Cut-weed 849. b Cutch 7. b, j *Cyanus 423 *Cyclachena 1079 *Cycloptera 3 *Cymbidium 568, 1200 minum (Cuminum) 615.a *Cymopterus 1455 *Cynanchum 1868, 2054, 2101 *Cynodon 376 Cynoglosse 633, a *Cynoglossum 1137 Cynorrhoda (Cynorrhodon) 1743, a Cynosbata 1743, a osbati fungus 1743. a C ae Sa t 635. a ‘perus, Swee . ate phomandra 1867 Cypripéde 636 CYPRESS, species 1962, 617 +Cypress 63. a, 803. b, 1138. a, 1955. b Cypress, Belvidere 1109. c Cypress, Brown 1109. ¢ Cypress, Field 63. a Cypress, Flowering 1955. b Cypress, Heath 1240. d Cypress, Summer 1109. ¢ Cypress, Yellow 1992.8 Cypress-root 635, d Cypress-vine 1702. b (vpress-vine 42, a. “Cypripedium 359 *Oyrilla 1051 #*yrtorhyncha 1478 *Cystoseira 849 423 Cytise 641. a Cytosogenistae, herba $81. a *Cytisus 1985 Dachlauch 1830, a Daddy-nut tree 1999. a Daffadowndilly 644. ¢ Daffodil, Checkered 847. ¢ Daffodil, Hoop-petticoat 1385. ¢ Daffodil, Sea 1494. a Daffodil (Trumpet) 1385 a Daffy-down-dilly 2036, b agger-plant 2144. a Daggers 1068. e, 1559. a Daggett 261. a Dahoon Holly 1053. b Daisy, species 248, 482 +Daisy 206, 768. b, d Daisy, Blue 206. i, 494. b Daisy, Brown 1751. a Daisy, Butter 1711. ¢ Daisy, Cabbage 2043. a, b Daisy, Dog 18. a, 145. b Daisy, English, etc. 248. » Daisy, Ewe 1658. g Daisy, Horse 145. b Daisy, Irish 1959. a Daisy, Marsh 1903. a Daisy, Michaelmas 206. c,g, i Daisy, Nigger 1751. a Daisy, Ox-eye 482. e +Daisy, Ox-eye 1751. a Daisy, Paris 482, d Daisy, Pigsty 145. b Daisy, Poison 145. b Daisy, Sea 1903. a Daisy, Sun 967. b Daisy, Yellow 1751. a Daisy-fleabane 768. a, b, @ Daisy-tree 1431. b *Dalbergia 859 *Dalea 1118, 1507 Dallish 943. a, b Damasin (Damas) 1668. h Damiana 2052. a +Damiana 1074. a Dammar (Damar) 55.b, c, a, 1841. a, b Dammar, Agath 55, b Dammar resin, Black 365. b *Dammara 55, 1666 Dammer, White 2086. a Damsel 1668. h Damson 1668, h Damson, Bitter 1854. a Damson, Mountain 1854, a Dandelion 1959. a Trandelion, Dog’s 1163. a Dandelion, Dwarf 45 Dandelion, Fall 1163. a Dandelion, False 58, 1416, 1862. Dandelion, High 1005. b Dane’s-blood 362. c, 1693. b Danewort 1771. ¢ Dangleberry 873. ¢, 2075. p *Daphne 645 *Darbya 324, 1407 *Darlingtonia 31, 4815 Darn-grass 133. g Darnel 1220. a Dashel 381. a Dashel, Milk 1871. b.fo Dasystoma 1255 Date, Chinese 2155, a Date Palm 1570. a: 424 GENERAL INDES. Date, Plum 681. c. ete {Devil’s-milk 462. a Dock, Cheadle 1881. f Date, Trebizonde 735, b Devil’s-plague 651. 2 Dock, Eif 1062, Date, Wild 1570. ¢ Devii's-posy 76. b Dock, Flatter 1420. b Dattelpflaume 681 Devil’s-rattlebox 1851. b Dock, Flea 1548. 2 Daturae herba (semina) Devil’s-root 1794, c, 1459.a Dock, Kadle 1831. f 649 b, ¢ Devil’s-shoestrings 590. 0 Dock, Kettle 1548. a, 1831. f *Daucus 1886 Devil’s-snuffbox 1238. 2 Dock, Mullen 209v. b Daucus de Créte 212, Devil’s-tether 1641. h Dock, Prairie 1852. c *Davernoya 39 Devil’s-tongue 1449, a {Dock, Prairie 1513, b David’s-harp 1639. ¢ Devil’s-tree 85. b Dock, Kound 127%. b David’s-root 467. a Devil’s-trumpet 649. b, c: Dock, Sour 1753. a, b, d, Davy -whiteyeads 774. a Devil’s-walkingstick 62, b 1480. a Dawke 651. 4 Devil’s-weed 1125. a Dock, Spatter 1420, a Day-berry 782. i Devil-wood 1470. f Dock, Sweet 164]. ¢ *Dayenia 224 Dew-cup 65. b | Dock, Velvet 2090. b, 1062. a Dead-men’s-bellows 63. ¢ {Dew-planf 707. a Dock, Water 1463, 2 Dead-men’s-bones 1205, a Dewberry 1750. a, b, « Dockmackie 2095. h Dead-men’s-fingers 1450.d Dewtry 649. b,c Doctor-gum 1730. g DEAD-NETTLE, species 1132 Dhak tree 331.a DopDDER, species 620 Dead-nettle 1900 a Diagrydium 563. F Dodder-seed 361. a Dead-nettle, Hemp 861. a Diamond plant 1316, » Dodger 381. a Dead-tongue 1427, a *Dianthera 1101 Dog-banner (Dog-binder) Deadwort 1771. ¢ *Dianthus 2051 145. b Deal, Americar 1601. q *Diapedium 1101 Dogberry 1875. a, 1732. b, Deal, European 1601, r *Diapensia 1700 521.a Death-come-quickly 883.b Diapensie herba 1775. r Dog-berry tree 676. i, 185. 2 Death cup 90. b *Diaperia 832 Dog-blow 482. e Deathin 495.c, 1427. ¢ *Dicentra 262 Dog-bur 63. a, b Death’s-herb 219, a *Dichaeta 227 Dog-buttons 1923. d Death-of-man 495. 0 *Dichetustemma 311 Dog-daisy 18. a, 248.4 Deer-balls 737. a *Dichopsis 1490 Dog-fennel (Dog-finkel) Deer-berry 1336. a, 870. b, *Dicliptera 665, 1101 145. b 2075. D *Diclytra (Dielytra) 26? {Dog-fennel 206, ¢ Deer-foot 302. 8 *Dieteria 1252 = Dog-fennel, False 720. » Deer-grass 1724. a Digitale pourprée 677. P Dog-mint 520. a Deer-vine 1207. a . Dika Bread J069, @ Dog-poison 51. a Deer-wood 1472. a Dill 134 Dogs-and-cats 2032. ¢ ‘Deer's-tongue 2035. a, 785.b Dill 51. a, 839.8 Dog’s-bane, Climbing 1544.2 Deil’s-spoons 72. a, 1657. a Dill-weed 145. b Dog’s-dinner 1026, b *Dendrocalamus 232. n Dillidiliweeé 145. b Dog’s-finger 677. a **Dens-leonis 1959 Dilly 134. a, 1355. @ Dog’s-mouth 151. 4 Dentariae radix 115.3 Dilly, Wild 1334. ¢ Dog’s-rib 1611, b Dent de licn 1959. 3 *Dimeresia 762 Dog-toes 144. b Dentellaria 1620. 2 Dindle 1959, a, 1871. § Dog’s-tongue 633. a, 2035. 2 Deodar 419. a *Diodonta 263 Dog’s-tcoih grass 376. a *Dermophylla 414, 2021 *Diosma 236 Dog-tree 79 a Dermophyllae radix 2021.4 *Diotis 805 Dogbane (Dog’s-bane) 160 *Descurainia 1873 *Dipherocarpus 1400 Doawoop, species 576 *Desmanthus 31 *Diplopappus 106& tDogwood 96. ¢, 801. c, *Desmodium 1294 Diptam (Diptame) 1456.t 2095. a Devil-in-a-busb 1411. «, Diptamwurzel 673, a Dogwood, Alder 1721. 2 1501 a *Dipteracanthus 1752 Dogwood, Black 1721. g Devil’s-apple 649. b, ¢ *Diplogon 488 Dogwood, False 16.¢ Devil’s-apron 1131. bh *Diplopappus 488, 695 Dogwood, Flowering 576.f Devil’s-bit 455. a, 1124.4, b, Dirty-Dick 464.a Dogwood, Jamaica 1052. a’ 1794. ¢ Dirty-John 464, i Dogwood, Poison 1730. p Devil’s-bit 68. a Dishalaga 2053. 3 Dogwood, Pond 428. a evil’s-bite 2089. b Dishcloth 2036. b Dogwood, Striped 16. ¢ Devil’s-bones 680 f *Discopleura 1686 Dogwood, Swamp 428. a, Devil’s-claw Wea = oe 448 ‘ “3681. a, 1730. p Devil’s-claws 1711. ita bark 86. i 5 Devil’s-club 728 Ditarinde §5. b Dog ced, Wilke 10E2 a. Devil’s-darningneedle Ditch-bur (Dike-bur)2131.b Doft-berry 219. a 1796. a, 514. ¢ Ditch-grass 1754, a *Dolicholus 1731 Devil’s-ear 181. b Ditch-moss 1566, a *Dolichos 900, 1121, 1365 pe es alas Sag a 2098 $ i. * Devil’s-fingers 1227. a ittany Devil’s-grandmother 74i.a Dittany, American 616. a aie mera 3) Devil’s-grass 474. a Dittany, Mountain 616. a S ba ot aa Dovil’s-grip 1345. a Dittany of Crete 1456. b Domba oil 353. « Devil's-hair 614. ¢ Divi-divi 358. a Dompte-venin 630. E Devil’s-guts 620, 1711. h, Diviladner 1946, ¢ *Donia 918, 1661 1884. a Dock, species 1753 Donkey’s-eyes 1265. a Devil’s-head-in-a-bush Dock, Batter 1548. a Donkey’s-oats 1753. a 1003. i Dock, Butter (Butterfly) Donnerkraut 1880. a Devil’s-leaf 2067. ¢ 1548, 9 Donnerwurzel 372, ¢ Devil’s-milk 803, 6 Dock, Can 1420. b, d Doon-head-clock 1959. a NUMBERS REFER TO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE Door-weed (Door-grass) 1641. d Doorn-boom 7. h *Doratophora 699 *Doria 1869 Dornapfel 649. b, ¢ *Doronicum 183, 768 Doronicum germanicum 183. a Dosten (brauner) 1456. d Dosten, kretischer 1456. a Dother 620 Double-claw 1284. a Double-tooth 263. f Doum (Doom) Palm 1044, a Doundake bark 1784, a Doura 1503.a Dove’s-dung 1458. a Dove’s-foot 166. b Down-hill-of-life 1249. a Down-weed 886. a *Downingia 281 *Draba 778, 1406 *Dracaena 521 Drachenwurz, stinkende 1883. a *Draco 703. *Dracocephalum 418, 1292, 1581 *Dracontium 1883 Dracontium minus 189. a Dragge (Drake) 1220. a Dragon, Biting 187. e Dragon, Brown 181. b Dragon, Great 189. a Dragon’s-blood 703. a, 1682.a, tDragon’s-blood 883. b Dragon’s-claws 568, a Dragon’s-mouth 151. a, 179.a Dragon’s-tongue 466.-a Dragon-head 704 Dragon-head, False 1581. a Dragon-root 181. a, 189. a Dragon-tree 703. a Dragonwort 1641. ¢e Dragunbeifuss 187.6 *Drakaina 703 Drake’s-feet 1450. d Drank (Dravick) 1220.4 *Drawk 61. a Dreiblatt 1310. a Dreifaltigkeitskraut 2102. f *Drejera 137 Drias 1978. a Droke 1220. a Droopwort 1895, a Drop-berry 1639. b, ¢ Drops-of-snow 133. g Dropsy plant 1302. a Dropwort 1895. a Dropwort, False 1479. a Dropwort, Hemlock 1427. a, 1479 Dropwort, Water 1427. ¢, 1479. b Dropwort, Western 1655. 2.b Drumheads 1638. k Drumstick 423, d Drumstick tree 409. b Drunk 1220.a Drunkards 355. a, 870. b Drunkwort 1410. b Dubock 758, a Duck-retter 2089. b Ducks 636. a, etc Duck’s-foot 65. b, 1625. a Duck’s-meat 1159 Duckmeat 2123, 2114 uckmeat, Tropical 1606. g Duckweed 1159 Duckweed, Greater 1896. a Duckweed, Tropical 1606. a Dudder-grass 40. a Dudgeon 333. a *Dulcamara 1867 Dulcamara 1867. j Dulse 943. a, b Dumb-watches 1787. a, b *Dumerelia 1541 *Dunantia 1073 Dunche-down 2055. a Duqwat 769. a Dur-bottle 423. d Durchwachsdost 802. i Durchwachskraut 327, a Durian 719. a Diirlitze 576. 1 Durra (Doura) 1876, b Diirrwurz 1062, b Duscle 1867. 0 Dusty-husband 167. a Dusty-miller 1831. d, 1660.a, 1236. ¢ Dutch-cheese 1270 a Dutch-mice 1141. j Dutchman’s-breeches 262, b Dutchman’s-laudanum Dutchman’s-pipe 182. b {Dutchman’s-pipe 1356. a Dwale 219. a, 1867. j Dway berry 219. a Dye-leaves 1938. a, 1053. i Dye-weed 881. a Dyer’s-weed 1717, a, 1869.f,g *Dyschoriste 352 Dysentery-root 1187. b Dysentery-weed 1137. b. 904. c Eagle-wood 165. a Ear-drops 262 Ear-jewel 1057, a, d Earning-grass 1599. a Earth-apple 968, b Earth-ball 2047. Earth-club 558. a Earth-gall 783, a, 1446. a 2089. Earth-nut559. a, 635. b, 168.0, Earth-smoke 850. a Easteningwort 1794, a Easter-bell 83. b Easter-tlower 1693. a, b Easter-ledges 1641. 2 Easter-magients 1641, ¢ Eat-berry 1732. i *Katonella 1157 Eaver 1220. a Ebénier 681. a,c Eebénicr, Faux 641. a Eberesche 1875. 4. Eberraute 187. a Eberwurz 384. a Ebony 681. a,e tEbony 1608.4 Ebony, False 641. a Ebony, Mountain 243, b ¥*Ebulum 1771 Eberreiskraut 187. « Kchalote 76. a *Echidiocarya 1609 *Echinacea 304. *Echinocactus 1224 *Echinocystis 729, 1325 425 *Echinospermum 1137 *Echinus 1267 *Echites 85, 2012 Ecorce de Geoffrée 2110. b,¢ Edder’s-tongue 1445 Eddoes, (Eddos, Edders) 541. a Eddoes, Blue 2135. a Eddoes, Nut 2135. a Edgeweed 1427. c Edelgarbe 18. ¢ Edelschafgarbe 18, c Edeltanne 2. f Edelweiss 1164. a Eel-grass 2158, a, 2081. a Eel-grass, Green 242. a Eestridge 1767. a Egg, Vegetable 1867. k Egg-berry, (Eck-berry) 1668. m Ege-plant 1867. k Iegg-plant 1936. b gegs-and-bacon1385.d,1227.a Eglantier, sauvage 1743. a Eglantine (Eglantere) 1744.f Eglantine, Twisted 1222. b era (Egramounde) 59. a Egriot 1668. ¢ Ehrenpreis 2094, f *Ebretia 294 Ehuawa 635. j Eibe 1963. a Eibisch 87 a Ejiche 1704. Eichelkaffee 1704. q Eichenmistel 2105. a *Eichhornia, (Eichornia) 586 Eihhornwurzel 68, a Eisenhut 25, i eau. (Eisenhart) 1. Eiserig 1048. a Eiskraut 1316. a Ejinbeere 1501. a Eker 1742. b El Kellah 98. a *Eleagnus 1166 *Elzeocarpus 2086 *Eleodendron 835 *Elaphrium 330 *Elatine 740 *Elbocarpus 484 ELDER, species 1771 Elder, Bishop’s 48, a Elder, Box 16. b Elder, Dog 48. a Ider, Dwarf 170. b, 48. a Elder, Ground 135. a Elder, Marsh 1079, 2095. d Elder, Poison 1730. p,1771.t Elder, Red or Rose 2095. d Hider, Southern Prickly 170. f Elder, Water 2095. d Elder, White 2095. d Elder, Wild 170. b Elder-roob (Elder-rob) 1771. e Eldin 1548, a Elecampane 1062. a Election-posies 403. a, etc. Elémi 365. a Elemi, African 289. b Elemi, Brazilian 1666. c Elemi, Manila 365. a 426 GENERAL INDEX. Klemi, Mexican 738, a Erdbrod 625. a *Exccecaria 928, 1780 Elemi, Oriental 289. b Erdnuss 168. a Exile-tree 1988. a ELlephantenlatise 1829, a Erdrauch 850. a *Exogonium 1066, |, m Elephant’s-ear 245 Erdscheibe 625. a Eye-bright 116. a, 804. a, Elephant’s-foot 741 Erdschwefel 1240, a 1217, b, 1356. a, 2094. Elephant’s-trunk 1284, a Ergot 512. a tEye-bright 707. a, 1022. a Eleven-o’clock-lady 1458.4 Ergot, Corn 2071. a Eye-bright, Red 1425. a Ellborn 1771. € Ergot de mais 2071. a Eyebright, Spotted 83. h, j Elfwort 1062.a *Erica 350 Eye-root (Eye-balm) 1032. « *Blichrysum 969 *Erigeron 1174, 1619 Eyewort 804. a Elk-bark 1262. d,f Erigeron, Canada 1174. a Ezob 1048. a Elk-nut 1698. a *Eriocaulon 1122 Faba calabarica 1582. a Elk-tree 1477. a *Eriodendron 420 Faba febrifuga 1923.b . Elk-wood 1262. d +Eriogynia 1231 Faba marina 751. a Ellanwood 1771. e *Eriophyllum 29 Fabariae herba 1824, ¢ Ellar (Ellarne) 1771, e *Eritrichium 77, 1453, 1669 Fabes (Feabes, Fapes)1732. i Ellem (Elmen, Elven) Erlenbaum 79 Face-in-hood 25. i 2058, Erucae semen 1856, a *Fagara 2136 Ellen (Ellet) 1771. e *Ervum 1017, 1160, 2096 *Fagarastrum 2136 Eller 79 Eryngo 781 +*Fagus 400. b *Ellisia 795, 1256, 1395 *Erysimum 74, 235, 561, Fair-maid-of-France 18. d, Elloopa 240. c 1860, 1873 1711. b ELM, species 2058 *Erythrina 1052 Fair-maids(-of-February) +Elm 2085 Erythroxyli folia 787. a 857. a Elm, sastard or False 422... Esche 845 Fair-maids-of-Kent 1711. i Elm, California Slippery Escherwurzel 673. « Fairies’-horse 1831. f 846. a Eseldistel 1440. a Fairies’-table 53. a Elm, Corkwood 714, b Eselsgurke (Eselskiirbiss) Fairy-bells 677. a Elm, Water 1610 724, a Fairy-cap 677. a Elm-bark 2058. e, f Esparcette 1437. a Fairy-cheeses 1270. a *Hlodea 1566, 2022 Esparraguera 199, a Fairy-circle 1099. b Elsenich 1554. d *speletia 231 Fairy-creeper 42. a Elshinder 1866. a Espen 1652 i Fairy-cup 1337. a Elshinder, Stinking 1831. f Essigrose 1743. a Fairy-fingers 677, a Eluteriae cortex 606. b Estragon 187. e Fairy-smoke 13856. a *Elytraria 2048 Ethuse 51. a Fairy-table 1033 *Elytrospermum 1809 £tnach 1099, b Fairy-thimbles 677. a *Emblica 1575 Ettle 2067. e Faham (Faam) 136. a *Emerus 577 Eucalyptus, U. 8. P. 790.c Faitour’s-grass 80%. ¢ Emetic-root 803. a Eucalyptusblatter 790. ¢ Fall-flower 206. f *Empetrum 570 *Eugenia 118, 491, 1086,1594 Fall-poison 479. a +}oncelia 966 Euonymus, U.S. P. 801.b =‘ Fallkraut 183. a Encens 289. a *Euosmus 250 Fame-flower 1953. b Enchanter’s herb 2091. f Eupatoire des Grecs 59. a Fancy 2102. f Eneino 1704. e Eupatoire perfoliée 802. i Farberginster 881. a Endive 494. a Eupatorium, U.S. P. 802.i Farberréthe 1749. a Endive, Green 1125. f *Kupatorium 537, 1117, 2119 Farbersaflor 391. a Endivie 494, b Euphorbium, P. G. 803. n Farfarae folia 2053. a *Fndodeca 182 Euphraise 804, a Farkle berry 2075. a *Enemion 1077 *Euphrasia 1425 Farmer’s-ruin 1884, a Enemy 133. g Euphrasy 804. a *Farnesia 7, a Engelsiiss 1643. a *Euryangium 828 Farnhaar 492. a, b Engelwurz 135, a *Euryanthe 102 Fat-hen 218. e, 464. a, d, ¢ *Ensete 1367 *Eurybia 1431 Fat-hen 187.s, 329. a *Enslenia 104 *Eustylis 1394 ‘ather-of-heath 765. ¢ Enulae radix 1062. a *Kutoca 1557 *Fatsia 170. d, 728 Enzian 882 *Euxolus 91 Faulbaum 1668, m, 1721. g Enzian, ostindischer 1933. Evans-root 885. b Faverel 778. a a *Evax 832, 989 Faverole 345. a Enzian, weisser 1139, a Ever-bramble 1750. g Fayberry 1732. i Epbeu, amerikanischer Lver-fern 1643. a Feaberry 1732. i 1514. a Ever-green 1824. ¢ Feather-leaf, Indian 1992, » Epheu (gemeiner) 961. « Ever-white 121. a Feather-tree 583. b Epiaire 1900 Evergreen, Bunch 1240, ¢ Feather-weed 904. a Epicéa 2. a Evergreen, Christmas 1825, Featherfew 482. f *Epifagus 1170 b Featherfoil 1021 *Epilobium 456 Evergreen, Trailing 1240.e Febrifuge plant 482, £ Eplne vinette 251. e EVERLASTING, species 144. Federharz 1001. a *Epiphegus 1170 Everlasting 832, 904, 969. a, *Fedia 2078 Eppich 158, a 1792. b, 1824. 2 Feige, indische 1449. b Epurge 803, ¢ Everlasting, Pearly 121.4 Feigenbaum 831. a Equisteum majus 758. b Everlasting-grass 1437. a Feigenranunkel 830. « Equisetum minus 758. a Eve’s-cup 1787. a, b Feist (Foist) 1238. a Erdapfel 968. b Eve’s-darning-needle 2144.f Feldcupresse 63. a Erdartischocke 968. b Eve’s-thread 2144. a, f,976.b WVeldgarbe 18.8 Erdbeerbaum 172. b *Evodia 789 Feldkamille 1285. a Erdbeere 842 Ewe 1963. a Feldkiimmelkraut 1994. a NUMBERS REFER TO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE. Feldminze 1308, a Feldraute 850. a Feldrose 1497. ¢ Feldthymian 1994. a Felon-grass 1058, a, 974, b Felon-herb 187, 8, 1005. f Felon-weed 1831. f sar eel 1058. a, 1867. j, a Feltrike 783. 4 Feltwort 2090. b Felwort 882, b Female-dragon 345, a Female-regulator 1831. a Femble (Fimble) Hemp 370. & Fen-berry 1476, b Fen-rue 1976. b Fenchel 839, a Fenchelholz 1788. a Feni greci semen 2034. « Fenigreek 2034. a Fennel 839. a Fennel, Dog 802, d Fennel, Sea 599. a Fennel, Water 1427, c Fennel-flower 1411. a, b Fenouil 839. a Fenouil d’eau 1427, c Fenouil faux 1978. a Fenouil puant 134. a Fenugrec (Fenugrek) 2034.a tore (Fenugreck) 0: a Fern, Adder’s 1445 Fern, Adder’s 1643. a ern, Basket 712. b Fern, Beech 1561. a Fern, Black-oak 204, a Fern, Bottle 640. a Fern, Bristle 2028 Fern, Brittle 640. a Fern, Caterpillar 1814. a Fern, Chain 2126 Fern, Christmas 712. 4 Fern, Cinnamon 1471, a Fern, Climbing 1244. a Fern, Ditch 1471. b Fern, Female 204. b, 712, e Fern, Filmy 2028 Fern, Finger 1814, a Fern, Flower-cup 2125 Fern, Flowering 1471 Fern, Fragrant 712. e Fern, Gold 931 Fern, Hare’s-foot 2028. a Fern, Hartford 1244. a Fern, Holly 712. a Fern, King 1471. b Fern, Lace 461. a Fern, Lady 204. b Fern, Male 712. b Fern, Marsh 712. e Fern, Meadow 712. e {Fern, Meadow 551. a, 1375. ¢ Fern, Moss 1643. a Fern, Oak 1561. b Fern, Ostrich 1438. b Fern, Parsley 1957, a Fern, Petty 204. a Fern, Quill 712. e Fern, Regal 1471. b Fern, Royal 1471. b Fern, Rue 204. ¢ Fern, Scale (Scaly) 441. Fern, Scented 1957. a Fern, Seaweed 1814. a , Sensitive 1488. a » Shield 712 , Shruby (Fern bush) 551. a Fern, Silver 981 Fern, Snake 1471. b, 1814. a Kern, Swamp 712. e ern, Sweet 551. a {Fern, Sweet 1378. a Fern, Tree 492, 622 tFern, Tree 1471. b Fern, Wall 1643. a Fern, Water 434 Fern, White-oak 640, a Fern, Windsor 1244. a Fern, Wood 712. ¢, d, 1643.4 Fern-gale 551. a *Feronia 47 Feronia gum 826. a Ferry, Sweet 551. a *Ferula 1178, 1193, 1447, 1554 Fetid-shrub 198. a Fetter-bush 1592. b Fetter-foe 482. f Fetthenne (Fette Henne) 1824, ¢ Fetticus 2078, a Feuerschwamm 1644, a Foéve de Calabar 1582, a Féve de Ste. Ignace 1923. b Féve igasurique 1923. b Féve pichurim 1390. a, b Fever-bark, Australian 85.a Fever-bush 1053, h, 250. a Fever-bush, California 869.a Fever-plant 1436. a, 1423.c Fever-root 568. a Fever-root (Feverwort) 2037. a Fever-tree 1597. a Fever-twig 421. a, 1867. j Fever-weed 647. a, 781. b, 2091. d Feverfew 482. f 7Feverfew 59. a, 783. a Feverfew, American 1513. b Feverfew, Bastard 1513. a Feverfew, Corn 1285. a Feverwort 802. i Féves du Mexique 1924. a Fichte 2. a Ficus infernalis 618. a Ficus passa 831. a Fiddle 651. a Fiddle-grass 755. a Fiddle-heads 1471. 4 Fiddle-wood 504 Fieberklee 1310. a Field-madder, Blue 1840. a Fieldwort 145, b Fig 831 Fig, Adam’s 1367. c Fig, Barbary 1449. a Fig, Country 1784. a Fig, Devil’s 180. b Fig, Diamond 1316. a Fig, Hottentot’s 1316. b Fig, Indian 1449. a, b Fig, Wild 523. a Figue de Barbarie 1449. b Figuier 831. a FIGworRt, species 1820 *Filago 886 Filaree 777, a Filberd (Filbeard) 579, « Filbert 579. ¢ 427 Filbert, Indian 1779. ¢ Filicula dulcis 1643. a *Filipendula 1895, 2057 *Fillaea 786 Fillyfindillan 833 Filix-mas 712. b Finger-berry 1750. p Finger-flower 677. a Fingerhut 677. a Eingrige 1604. a Finkel (Fingel) 839. a Finzach 1641. da FIR, species 2 {Fir 2056. a Fir, Douglas 1674, a ; Fir, Ground 1240, f Fir, Joint 752 Fir, Red 1674, a Fir, Scotch 1601. r Fir, Yellow 1674. a Fir-rape 1046. a, 1170. a Fire-balls 1236, b Fire-cracker, Vegetable a Fire-grass 66. a Fire-leaves 1611. d Fire-top 456. a Fire-tree 1321. b Fire-weed 760. a, 1174. a, 1611. d +Fire-weed 649, b, ve, 1125.a, 1831. a Fire-weed, Purple 456. a Firnissbaum 69, a Fischkorner 117. a Fischleim gummi 1530. a Fish-berries 117. a Fish-leaves 1657. a Fish-mouth 463. a Fish-poison 590. b, v, 50. d Fish-wood 801. a *Fistula 409 Fitch, Medick 1437, a Kitch, of Scripture 1411, b Vit-root 1356. a Five-finger 1658. c, f, 1514. ive-finger, Marsh 547. a Five-fingered root 1427. Jive-fingers 1493. b Five-sisters 1249. b Fizbo 1238. a Flachskraut 1205. » Flachslilie 1573. a Flachssamen 1208. b Flag, Blue 1068. esp. g Flag, Cat-tail 2055. a Flag, Corn 1068. e, 891, b Flag, Myrtle 26. a Flag, Poison 1068. d, g Flag, Rattlesnake 781. a Flag, Sweet 26 Flag, Sword 1068. e Flag, Water 1068. ¢ Flag, White 1068. a Flag, Yellow 1068, e Flagons 1068. e Flambe 1068. b, g Flannel-leaf 2090, b Flamy 2102. f Flap-dook (Flop-dock)677.” Flatter-dock 1657. a ° Flat-top 2093, a FLAX, species 1208 Flax, Devil’s 1205, o Flax, Dutch 361. a Flax, False 361, 1168. ¢ 428 Flax, Mountain 783. a, 1638. h Flax, New Zealand 1573. a Flax, Spurge 644. a, c Flax, Wild 1205, a. 361. Flax, Wild 671. a ‘lax-drop 620. a Flax-tail 2055. a Flax-vine 620. a Flaxweed 1205. a Fleabane 1691, a Fleabane. Canada 1174, a Fleabane, Daisy- 768 Fleabane, Salt-marsh 1619.a - Fleabane, Spicy 1619, a Fleabanc-mullet 1691. a Flea-seed 1611. f. Fleawort 1691. a, 1611. f, 1831. g {Fleawort 863. i, 1062. b Fleawort, Marsh 1831. j Fleckstorchschnabel 883. a Fleischleim gummi 1530. a Fleur-de-lis 1068. b, g Flieder 1771. e Fliegenholz 1590. a, 1703. + Fliegenpilz 90. a Fliegenschwamm 90. a Flirtwort 482. £ Flix 1208. b Flix-weed 685. a, 1873. a Floating-heart 1197. a Flohkraut 1691. a Flohsamen 1611. f Floramor 91 a, d Flores anthelminticae 941 a Floribunda (Floriponda) 649. a Florida bark 1597. a Flors-seave 774 Flos africanus 1951. a Flos cuculi 379. ¢ Flowan 145 b Flower de luce 1068 Flower-gentle 91. a, d Flower-of-an-hour 1003. i Fiower-of-gold 1869 Flower-of-paradise 1148. a Fluellin 740, 1554. c, 2094. f Fluxweed 1070 Fly-poison 479. a Fly-trap 1787. a, b, 160. a Flybane 90. a Foal-foot 2053. a, 194. f Foam-flower 1997. a Fuehre 1601 r Feniculum, U.S. P. 839. a Foeeniculum aquaticum 1427. ¢ *Fonum-Grecum 2034 *Foetotaxus 2050 Fog-fruit 1209 Fon (Fone) 1830. a Forbidden-fruit 606. g, 1946. ¢ Fordboh 620 Forefather's-cup 1787. b *Forestiera 34 Forget-me-not 1373, 2094. d {Forget-me-not 63. a, 1634.c Forget-me-not, White 1453 Forget-me-not, White 77 Forget-me-not, Wild 1022. a Forks-and-knives 1240. a *Forsteronia 2012 Fortune-teller 1959. Fougére mile 712. b GENERAL INDEX. *Fourcroya 852}, *Fouquiera 841 Four-leaved grass 1501. a Four-o’clock 1335. a }tFour-o'clock 1436. a Four-toes 144, b Fox-berry 1336. a Fox-feet 1240. g Fox-grape 1501. a Fox-poison 644, b Fox-tail 1240. a Fox-tongue 1814. a FoxGLovVE 677 dorgigve 1585. b, 1787. b, 1964, a Foxglove, American 647. a Foxglove, Blue 362. f Foxglove, False 647 Foxglove, Lousewort 1523.a Foxglove, Mullen 42. a Foxglove, West Indian 1585. ¢ Foxglove, White 362. d *Fragaria 715 Fragon épineux 1755. a Fraisier 842. d Fr mboise 1750. bh *Franciscea 317 Frangipane (Frangipanni) 1621. a *Frangula 1721 Frangula, U.S, P. 1721. ¢ *Franka 843 Frankincense 289. a, d, 2. a, 1601. r, 1929. e *Franseria 864 Franzosenholz 919. a, b Frasier en arbre 172. b Frauenbiss 1973. b Frauendistel 1280, a Frauenhaar 40 Frauenmantel 65. b Frauenuminze 482. a Frauenshuhwurz 636. d, etc Fraxinella, White 673. a Fraxinellae radix 673. a Fraxinelle 1639. ¢ Freisamkraut 2102. f *Fremontia 846 French berries 1721. h French-grass 1679, i French-nut 1096. d, 400. c Fréne 845 Fréne 6pineux 2136. v, « » Frez 2056. a Friar’s-cap 25, esp. i Friar’s-cowl 25 esp. i, 189. Frigolito 1874. b Fringe, American 469. a Fringe, Mountain or Wood 42. a Fringe, Purple 583. b Fringe, White 489. a Fringe-cup 1337. a Fringe-tree 469 Fringe-tree, False Fringed Orchis 938, Frog-grass 1763. a Frog-leaf 302. a Frog-plant_ 1824, ¢ Frog’s-bladder 1824, ¢ Frog’s-mouth 1824, ¢ Frogwort 1711. f Fréschloffel 72 a Frost-blite 464, a Frost-flower 206 Frost-plant 967, « 583. b e, d, e,g Frost-weed 967. a Frostwort 967. a, 1711. £ *Fucus 477, 943, 1889 Fucus irlandicus 477, a *Fugosia 496 Fuh-ling 1238, b Fuller’s herb 1781. a Fuller’s-weed 686. a Fulwa butter 240. a *Fumaria 262 Fumeterre 850. a Fumitory 850. a tFumitory 262.a Fumitory, Bulbous 372, v, 6a Fumitory, Climbing 42. a Fumeterre bulbeuse 372. ¢ Fiinflingerkraut 1658. f Fungus cervinus 737. a Fungus chirurgorum 1238, a Fungus, Elder 814. a Fungus, Fly 90. a Fungus sambuci 814. a Furze (Furzen, Furrys) a Furze, Dyer’s 881. a Fuze, French 2056. a Furze, Great 2056. a Furze, Ground 1439, a Furze-ball 1238. a Fusain 801. ¢ *Fusanus 1776 Fuss-ball (Fuzz-ball)1238. a Fussblattwurzel 1625. a Fustic, American 509. a Fustic, Old 472. a Fustic, Young 583. b Futterklee 2032. f ie 2056. a zzy-guzzy 904. a Gachelkraut 18. a Gadrise 2095. d Gag-root 1217. b Gage, Green 1668. h Gagel 1375. ¢ Gaglee 189. a Gaiac wood 919. u, b Gainier 486. a Gait-berry 1750. Gaiter tree 801. c, 2095. d *Galactodendron 315 Galam butter 240. d *Galanga 82 Galanga minor 82. b Galanga officinal 82, b Galangal ‘Galangale) 82 Galaxy 858. a Galban 828, ¢ Galbanum 828. ¢, d, 6 Gale, Fern 1375. c Galé odorant 1375. ¢ Gale, Sweet 1375. ¢ *Galega 590 Galeopside 861 Galeopsidis herba 861. b Galingale (Galangal) 635, d Galipot tree 2.a *Galipea 621 Gall-berry 1053, i Gall bush 1375. ¢ Gall-of-the-earth 1381, ¢ 1684. a " Gall-weed[882. f Galla (quercina) 1704. u Galles rose 1743, 9 Gallant 133, g Gallipfel 1704. n NUMBERS REFER TO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE. Galle de chéne 1704, u Gallindrinera 803. m Gallion 863, a Gallipot 1601. j Galloce 1937. a Gallon 1548. a Gallow-grass 370. a Galls 1704. n Galls, Atlee 1955. a Galls, Tamarisk 1955. a Galls, White 1575. b Gallwort 1205. a Galphimia 1991 Galuncha 2003. a Gamander, Edler. 1973. b Gamanderlein 1973. b Gambir (Gambier) 1473. « +Gambir 7. b, 1 Gamboge 867, a Gamboge, American 2106. a Gambogia 867. a Gandelbeere 2075. e Gandergoose 1450. d Gandoo 751. a Gang-flower 1638. p Ganjah 370. a *Gansblum 778 Gdnsedistel 1871. b Ginsefuss, weisser 464. a Ginsekresse 329. a Ganserich 1658, a Garab tree 1652, h Garance 1749, a Garb 1764. d Garbe 392. b Garclive 59. a Garden-gate 2102. f Garden-plague 48, a Gardener’s-eye 1236. ¢ Garentoquen 1493. b Garget 1585. b Garget root 974. a Garlic (Garlete) 76. ¢ fGarlic 1973. e Garlic, Bear’s 76. h Garlic, Clive 76. f. Garlic, Crow 76. j Garlic, Cow 76, j Garlic, Field 76. j Garlic, Hedge 74 Garlic, Hog’s 76. h Garlic, Meadow 76. b Garlic, Rush 76. f Garlic shrub 265. a Garlic, Wild 76. b, j Garlic, Wood 1973. e Garlicwort 74. a Garnet-berry 1732. h Garou 644, a Garrobo 432. a Gartenkerbel 148, b Gartenlattich 1125. d Gartenlauch 76. e Gartenraute 1756. a Gartensalad 1125. d Gartenschierling 51. a Gartenthymian 1994. b Garth, Garden 1168. e Gaskins 1668. e, 1732. i *Gasteria 80. g *Gatesia 2143 Gatten 801. c, 2095. d Gatteridge 801. ¢ Gauchheil 116. a Gaude 1717. a Gaulthérie 870. b *Gaura 1910 Gay-feather 1124. a, b Gay-wings 1638, ¢ Gayuba 176. f Gean 1668. e Gebirmutterswurzel 182. e Geckdor 863 Geiger tree 2085. d Geisblatt 1222. a Geisraute 860. a Geissbart 2057. a Gelbbeeren 1721. h Gelbkraut 1717. a Gelbsuchtwurzel 619, ¢ Gilbwurz, kanadisches 1032. a Gelsemie 878. a Gem-fruit 1997. a Gemsblume 183, a Génépi blane 18, b Genét a balais 641. b Genévrier commun 1099. b Genip tree 880. a Genipap (Genipapo) 880. a Genipi vrai 187,h Genipp, weisser 187, h Genippkraiiter 18. b *Genista 641, 1882 Genistae flores 641. b Genson 2087. a GENTIAN, species 882 {Gentian, Blue 1070 Gentian, Fringed 882. a, j Gentian, Horse 2037. a Gentian, Snake 1381. ¢ Gentian, Spurred 1969. a Gentian, White 1139. a, 20387. a Gentian, Yellow 844, a *Gentiana 783, 1758, 19383 Gentiana alba 1139. a Gentiana lutea 882. b Gentiana major 882. b Gentiana rubra 882. b Gentiane jaune 882. b Gentleman’s-cane 1641. m *Geoffrea (Geoffroya) 2110 Georgia bark 1597. a GERANIUM, species 1526,883 *Geranium 777 Geranium, Beefsteak 1792. a Geranium, Feather 464. € Geranium, Fox 883. b Geranium, Indian 129. d Geranium, Mint 482. a Geranium, Mountain 883. b Geranium, Poor-man’s 1792. a Geranium, Rose 1526. b, ¢ Geranium, Spotted 883. a Geranium, Strawberry 1792. a Geranium, Turnpike 464. c Gerard, Herb 48, a *Gerardia 52, 647 Gerardia, Bushy 647. Geratacdca 317. a Gerberstrauch 574. a GERMANDER, species 1973 Germander, Wall 1978. b Germander, Wild 1973. f Germandrée aquatique 1973. @ Germandrée Chamedrys 1973 b Germandrée maritime1973.¢ Germer,cgriiner 2089, bi Germer, weisser 2089. a 429 *Geroe 966 Gerste 1019 Gertwurz 187. a Gervao 2079. a Geschwiirwurzel 1634. v Geslings 1764, e Gesse 1141. i Gesundheitskriuter 861. b Gethsemane 1450. d Gewiirz, englisches 1594. b Gewiirznelken 796, a Gherkin (Gerkin) 613. ¢ Ghost-flower 1356. a Giant tree 1832. b Gichtbeere 1782. e Gichtrose 1488. b Gichtriibe 320. b Giftbaum 1730, bh Giftheil 619. e Gift-Jasmin 878, a Gift-Lattich 1126. f Gift-Sumac 1730, h Giftwende 630. b Giftwurz 630. b Giftwurzel 698. a, b Giftwiitherich 495. ¢ *Gigalobium %51 *Gigantabies 1832 *Gigantochloa 232, o *Gigartina 1889 Gilbkraut 881. a Gilb wurzel 619. c,d GILpcups, species 1711 *Gilea 540, 1134, 1204, 1389 Gill-ale 894 a Gill-cup 1711. f Gill-over-the-ground 894. a Gill-run 894, a *Gillenia 1655 Gilliflower, Carnation 664.3 Gilliflower, Clove 664, a Gillifower, Cuckoo 1236. @ Gilliflower, Dame’s 990. a Gilliflower, Marsh 1236. d Gilliflower, Mock 1781. a Gilliflower, Night-scented 990. a Gilliflower, Queen’s 990. a Gilliflower, Rogue’s 990. a Gilliflower, Sea 1903. a Gilliflower, Turkey 1951. « Gilliflower, Water 1021 Gilliflower, Winter 990. a Gillon 2105. a Gimlet-wood 790. aa Gingembre 2152. a *Gisopteris 1244 GINGER, varieties 2152, a, b {Ginger 1824. a Ginger, Chinese 82. b Ginger, Garden 673. a Ginger, Green 187. s Ginger, Indian 194. a Ginger, Wild 194. a,e +Ginger, Wild 182. b Ginger-grass 129, a, d Ginger-leaf 763. a Ginger-plant 1957. a Ginger-sauce 1753, a Gingerbread tree 1044. a, 1500. a Gingili 1837. a Gingko tree 889. a Ginseng 1493. a, b *Ginseng 1493 Ginseng, Blue 413. a Ginseng, Horse 2037. » 430 Ginseng, White 2037, a Ginseng, Yellow 413. a Giroflier 796. a *Gisopteris 1244 Gith (Git) 1411. b Gith (Gye) Gla Glaciale 1316, a Glaieul bleu 1068. g Glauce 893. a Glandes quercus 1704. q *Grandularia 2091 Glaskraut 1499. a Glasschmalz 1763 Glasswort 1767. b Glasswort, Common 1763. 4 Glasswort, Jointed 1763 a Glasawort, Prickly 1767. a Glidewort 861. a *Gleditschia 895 *Glehnia 1562 Glenn-weed 1168. ¢ Globe-berry 1963. a Globe-flower 2048. a, b Globe-flower, Mountain 428. a Glockenblume 166. b, 362. b Glockenwurzel 1062. a Gloden 968, a *Gloiopeltis 877. b Gloryless 46. a Glésen 881. a Glouteron 174, a,b Glouteron, Petit 2131. b *Glyce 1112 *Glycine 4. a, 157, 823, 1115, 1731 Glycyrrhiza hispanica 902.b Gnadenkraut 914. a Gnaphalii flores 144. a *Gnaphalium 121, 144, 886, 1164, 1683 Gnavelle 1810. a Go-to-bed-at-noon 2016. b Goa powder 2110. a Goapulver 2110. a Goat-leaf 1222. a Goat’s-beard 45, 190 Goat's-beard, False 207. a Goat’s-beard, Purple 2016.2 Goat’s-beard, Yellow 2016.b Goat’s-rue 590. d Goatweed 1905. a, 48. a God-tree 420. a Godes-eie 1769. d God’s-eye 2094. d Goggles 1732.i Gogo 751. a Golandrina 803. m Gold 968. a Gold, Vegetable 1541. a Gold-and-silver plant 1234.a Gold-bloom 344. a Gold-chain 1824. a Gold-knops 1711. ¢ Gold-thread 567 Gold-weed 1711. d Golden-ball 2043. a, b Golden-blossom 1658. f Golden-bough 1572. a Golden-chain 641. a Golden-club 1463. a Golden-cup 830. a Golden-tlower 482, g¢ Golden-glow 1751. b Golden-guineas 830. a Golden-Jerusalem 1751. « Golden-locks 1643. a GENERAL INDEX. Golden-locks, Jamaica 1683.b GOLDEN-ROD, species 1869 Golden-rod, Bushy 809, b Golden-rod, False 300 Golden-rod, Fragrant 809 Golden-rod, Rayless 476, 489 Golden-rod, Flap-top 809. b Golden-seal 1032. a tGolden-seal 2076. a Golden-shower 641. a, 409. b Golden-star 488. a Golden-tuft 1683 b Goldenpert 914. ¢ Goldicup 1711. ¢ Goldilocks 1649. a, 1711. e Golding 344, a Goldmilz 487. a Goldregen 641. a Goldruthe 1869. b Goldy-harefoot 885. d Gomme adragante 208. f,ete Gomme ammoniaque 697. a Gomme arabique vraie 7. k Gomme-gutte 867. a Gommart 330. a *Gomphocarpus 1802, 1868 *Gonolobus 1282, 2101 *Gonopyrum 1640 Good-bye-summer 206 Good King Henry 464.4 Good-morning Spring 513. a, b *Goodyera 1538 Gools 355. a Goose-gogs 1732. i Goose-grass 863. a, 1641. d, 58. a Goose-grass, Great 200. a Goose-tongue 18. d, 1302. a GOOSEFOOT, species 464 GOOSEBERRY, species 1732 tGooseberry 2075. a, n Gooseberry, Barbados 1540.a Gooseberry, Cape 1578. b, e Gooseberry, Star 1575. a Gooseberry, Tahiti 1575. a Gooseberry, West Indian ao Gooseberry-pie 755. a Gooseberry-shrub 1540. a Goosechite 59. a Gopher-plant 803. g Gopher-root 483. b Gopher-wood 509. a Gordolobo 18. a *Gorinkia 561 Gorse 2056. a Gorse, Hen 1439. a Gorst 1099. b, 2056. a Gosling 1693. a Gosling-grass 863. a Gosmore 1045 Goss (Gost) 2056. a Gétterbaum 62. b Gottesgabwurz 630. b Gottesgnadenkraut 914, a Goud 1071. a Gouet 189. a Gouet a trois feuilles 181, b Goule (Goyle) 1375. ¢ GouRD, varieties 1126. u +Gourd 614. b, ad Gourd, Bitter 505. b Gourd, Dish-cloth 1232. » Gourd, Missouri 614. a Gourd, Towel 1232 Gourd, Washing 1232. a Gout-weed (Goutwort) 48. esp. a +Gout-weed 135. c¢ Gouty-stem tree 32, b Gowan 2053. a Gowan, Ewe or May 248. a Gowan, Horse 1959. a, 482.e Gowan, Meadow or Open 5. a Gowan, Milk 1959. a Gowan, Sheep’s 2032. g Gowan, Witch 1959. a Gowan, Yellow 1711. c, 1959. a Gowan, Water 356. a Gowans, Ling 1005. f Gowk’s-thumbs 362. b Gowlan 248. a, 344.4 Gozelle 1732. i Graine de Tilly 606. h Graines d’ambrette 1003. a Graines d’ Avignon 1721. h Graines de puces 1611. f Grains, Guinea 101. g Gram 493.4 Gram, Green 1560. ¢ Gram, White 900. a Grama 60. a Gramfer-greygles 1450. d Graininis dactyli radix 76.28 Graminis rhizoma (radix) 60. a Graumontsamen 614. d Grana actes 1771. e Grana moschata 1003. a Grana paradisi 101. d, g Grana regia majora 803. g Granadilla (Grenadilla) 1515. f, ete Granatbaum 1694. a Granati cortex 1694, a Granatill 606. h *Granatum 1694 Granny-threads 1711, h Granuy euughtesp 133. g, 166, Grantogen 1493. b GRAPE, species 2108 Grape, Bear’s 176. b Grape, False 1514. a Grape, Hedge 320. b Grape, Oregon 251. d Grape, Rocky Mountain 251. a Grape, Sea-(or Salt-) 1767.8 Grape, Sea-side 526. b Grape-fern 290 Grapefruit 506. Grape-root 251. g Grape-tree 526. b Grapewort 27. a, ¢ Grapnel plant 953. a Grapple plant 953. a2 Grasette 1824. ¢ Grass 199. a Grass, Blue-eyed 1861 Grass, Cuba 1876. a Grass, Egyptian 1876. a Grass, Guinea 1876. a Grass, Johnson 1876, a Grass, Means’ 1876. a Grass, Star-eyed 18#1.a Grass, Sweet-scented 147. a Grass, Sweet 25. a Grass-flower 1861. u, 513. a, NUMBERS REFER TO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE. Grass-tree 2133. b Grass-weed 2158, a Grass-wrack 2158. 2 Grasswurzel 60. a Grateron 863. a Gratia Dei 914.4 *Gratiola 1350 Gratiole 914, a Gravel-grass 363. a Gravel] plant 754. a Gravel-root (Indian) 862, j Gravel-weed 1442. a, 676, a Graveyard-weed 803. b Gray-beard 514. d Gray-beard tree 469, a Green, Kendall 881. a Green, Sap 1721. da Green-arrow 18. a GREEN-BRIER, toutes 1865. m, 1,0 Green-Dragon 1 Green-sauce ist, ‘a, 1753, b Green-weed 881 Greenheart tree 1390. c Greenwithe 2083 Grease-wood 1783 *Greggia 1508 Grénadier 1694. a Grenadine 664, a Greycles 1450. d ep nieeny reel 475. a Grig 351 re the-collier 1005, a Grindelia, U. 8. P. 918. a, b Grindwurzel 1753. e Grinsel 1831. g euates oe 2 Grip, G ras 863. a, b Groviwell, rn 1214, a Gromwell, Galse 1442, a Groober (Grouber) 164, a Groonwood 881. a Groseille 1732. i Grosellier rouge 1732. h *Grossularia 1732 Ground-apple 145. ¢ {Ground-ash 135. a Ground-berry 870. b Ground-bread 625. a GROUND-CHERRY , species 1578 f¢Ground-eldez 135. a Ground-festoon 1240, Ground-hele 2094. f Ground-needle 777, b Ground-nut 157. a, 163. a Ground-nut, Dwarf 1493. & Ground-pine 1240. a, b +Ground-pine 63, 1973. a Ground-vine 1207. a Groundie-swallow 1831. g GROUNDSEL, species 1831. esp. g Groundsel tree 226. a Groundsel, Balsam 1831. « Grouse-berry 870. b Grozet (Grosserts) 1732.i Grundheil 2094. f Grundy-swallow 1831. a Grunnut 559. a +Grunsel 1959. a *Guadua 232. p Guaiac 919, a, b “Guaincum 1653 Guajacholz 919. a, b Guallacan tree 919. a %Gualtheria 870 Guamuchil 1¢08. a Guarana 1518. a Guava, species 1675 Guava, Cl ilian 1480. e Guaycuru 1202. b Gujara 1530. a Guelder-rose, Maple 2095. h Guelder-rose, Wild 2095. d Guelder-rose 2095. d Guérit-tout 539, b Gueule de lion 151. a Gueule de loup 151. a Guaxima 2065. a Gui de chéne 2105. a *Guilandina 338, 930, 1360 Guild tree 251. e Guilty-cup 1711. ¢ Guimauve 87,a Guinea grains 101. ¢ Guinea-hen flower $47. c Guinea-hen weed 1550. a Gulancha 2003. a Gulf-weed 849. a Gull-grass 863 Gumbo 1003. ¢ Gum, Alk 1605. e Gum Anime 2086. a Gum Arabic 7. a, etc Gum Arabic, East Indian 826. a Sum Arabic tree, Egyptian a Gum, Australian 7, u Gum, Palata 1334. d Gum, Barbary 7. a Gum, Black-boy 2133. a Gum, Bassora 1912. d Gum, Butea 331. a Gum, Cape 7. h Gum, Cedar 417. b Gum Chagual 1695. a Gum Chicle 1334 d Gum, Doctor 1362. a Gum elastic 324, a Gum,Gedda(Jidda)7. See(o) Gum, Hashabi 7. under (0) Gum Hog 1362.a +Gum, Hog 208. f Gum, Kordofan 7.under (0) Gum, Kuteera 1912. d Gum, Mesquit 1664. a Gum, Mogador 7. a Gum, Morocco 7. a Gum, Red 1210. b Gum, Savakln 7. ¢ Gum, Sennaar (Sennart) 7. under (o) Gum, Suakin (Suak) 7. e Gum, Sweet 1210. b Gum Talha (Talca) 7. e Gum, Tor 7. under (0) Gum pragecannt 208. f. etc Gum Tuno 1334, d Gum, Turic 7. under (0) Gum; Turkey 7. under (0) Gum; Wattle 7. c Gum, White 1210. b Gum ‘plant 918, 772. a, 1937.a Gum-top tree 790, bb Gum-tree 790 Gum (tree), Black 1421, a,c Gum-tree, Cotton 1421, a Gum-tree, Grass 2133. b Gum-tree, Red 1210. b Gum (tree), Sour 1421. a,¢ Gum urea , Tupelo 1421. a Gum (tree), Yellow 1421. c 431 Gum-wax 1210. b Gumbo limbo 330. a Gummi arabicum 7. k, ele Gummi elasticum 1001. a Gummi-gutt 867, a Gummi gettania 1490. a Gummi gutta 2106. a Gummi plasticum 1490, a Gun-bright 758. b Gundelleraut (Gundling) 1994. a Gundelreben 894. a Qunjah (Guaza) 370. a Giinsel 63. a Giinsel, goldner 63. c Gunyang 1867. h Guraji spice 101, e Guranham bark 1228. ¢ Gurjun balsam 687. a, etc Gurke 613. ¢ Guru (Gourou, Gooroo) 533, a Guteweed 1871. a *Gutierrezia 2132 Gutta gamba §67. a Gutta Gambir 1473. a Gutta-gum tree 2106. 4 Gutta percha 1490. 2 Gutta-taban 1490. a Gutter tree 576. i Gutti 867. a Gye 863 #Gymnadenia 938 *Gynmnopsis 1811 *Gymnandra 1129, 2128 Gypsie-weed 1242) Gypsophyll 935 Gypsy-combs 686. b Gypsy-flower 633. a Gypsy-herb 1242. b Gypsy wort 1242 *Gyromia 1290 Haarstraugkraut 1554, b *Habranthus 2150 *Habzelia 2140 Hackberry 422. a Hack-berry 1668. m Hackmatac (Hackmack) a Hackmatack 1138. a, 1099. b Hafer-corn 221. a Haferkiimmel 615. a Haferschlehe 1668. q Hag-berry 1668. m Hag-weed 646. b Hagebutten 1743. 4 Hagedorn 592. a Habnenfuss 1711. ¢ Hail-weed (Hair-weed) 620 Hainberry 1750. bh Hair-fern 40.b Hairhoof, Sweet 201. b Hairhound 230. a Hairif 863. a Hairstrong 1554. b, d Hairy-bind 620 Hala 1495. a Halacacabi baccae 1578. a Hale-bind 620 Hale-nut (Halse, Haul) 5 79. ¢ *Halesia 1344, 1969 *Halidrys 849 Halish 370. a Halse 2058. e Hamamelidis folia 944. a Hamamelis 944. a 432 GENERAL INDEX. *Hamamelis 840 Hay-maids 894. a *Hedysarum 49, 1179, 1294, *Hamiltonia 1698 Hay-plant 201. b 1679 Hammerwort 1499, b Haycocks 1205, a Heideckerwurzel 1658. g Hanchinol 963. a i Hayo 787. a Heidelbeere 2075. a Handsome Harry 1724. a Hazel, Black 1472, a Heil 101. e Hanf 370. a Hazel, Snapping 944. a Heil-aller-Schaden 1775. a, Hant, canadischer 160. b Hazel, Witch 944. a 2094. f Hanf indianischer 160. b Hazel, Witch 1875. d, Heil-aller-Welt 59. a Hanfnessel 861. a 2058. e Heiligegeistwurzel 135. a Han-ge 1598. a Hazel nut 579 Heilkraut 982. b Hanger 1131. a Hazelwort 194. f Heinrich, guter 464. d np cpapyas 10, ete +He-Balsam 1587, b Helenii radix 1062, a Harbinger-of-spring 767.a He-Broom 641. a *Helenium 964 Hard-iron 218. e He-Holly 1053. a Helft 65. b Hard-hack 539. b He-Huckleberry 637. a Helfringwort 63. c Hardhack 1895. d, 1658. d He-Oak 405 *Helianthus 231, 263 yHardhack 1472. a Headache 1497. a, b, « +Heliosciadium 158 Hardhack, Purple 1895.d Headache 379.c HELIOTROPE 973. esp, a Hardhack, Spice 1895. c,d Headache-plant 1693, a Heliotrope, Hardy 2077. c Hardock 174. a, b Headsmap 1611. b Heliotrope, Summer 2077.[c Hare’s-bane 25. g Headwark 1497. ¢ *Helipterum 968. ¢ Hare’s-beard 2090. b Heal-all 1667. a, 1820. b, c Hell-bind 620 Hare’s-ear 327. a, 561. a tHeal-all 521. a, 539. b, 938, Hell-root_ 1459. a Hare’s-foot 20329 ¢ , 1824. h Hell-weed 620, 1711. d Hare’s-palace 1871. b, ¢ Heal-all, High 1523. a Helleboraster 974. a Hare’s-tail 774. a Heal-bite 88. a HELLEBORE, species 974 Harebell 1808. a Heal-dog 88, a Hellebore, American 2089. b Harebell (Hair-bell) 362.b Healing-blade 1611. v, 1830. Hellebore, Bastard 756. a, b, Harebur 174, a, b a 209. a Haricot 1560. e Healing-herb 1937, a, 1611d Hellebore, Black 974. b Harif 2057. a Heart-leaf 194, c,d,e +Hellebore, Black 209. a Harnkraut 466. b fHeart-leaf 1291. a Hellebore, Big 2089. b *Harpalyce 1381 Heart-of-the-earth 1667.4 Hellébore blane 2089. a Harra (Harr nuts) 322. d Heart-seed 380. a Hellebore, False 44. ¢ Hartberry 2075. a Heart-weed 1641. n tHellebore, False 2089 Hartheu 1043. b Hearts 1475. a Hellebore, Fetid 1883. a Hart’s-balls 737. a tHeart’s-ease 1641, u, u Hellebore, Green 2089. b Hart’s-eye 1516. a Heart’s-ear 1641. n Hellébore, noir 974 b Hart’s-thorn 1721. d Heart’s-pansy 2102. f Hellebore, Swamp 2089. b. Hart’s-tongue 1814. a Heartsease 2102. f Hellebore, White 2089. a Hartshorn bush 1471. b Heartwort 182, 1300. b Hellebore, Winter 759. a Hartshorn-plant 1693. a Heavy (Heather) 765,350 Helleborine 756. a, b Harvest-bells 882. g *Heath 1026. b, 1955. b *Helleborus 567, 759 Harvest-lice 59. a Heath, Black-berried 747. 4 Helleborus.albus 2089. a Harz, burgunder 2,4 Heath, Mountain 1576 Helm 2058. d Haselwurz 194. f Heath-aster, White 206. «© | Helmet-flower 1821. 25 Hasenklee 1475. a Heath-bell 362. b Helmet-pod 1093. a Hasenobr 3827. a Heaht-berry 747. a *Helmintha 1591 Hasenpappelkraut 1270.c Heather, Beach 1026. b Helminthochorton 1889. a Hasel 579 Heat her, False 1026. b *Helminthochortus 1889 Hashish 370. a Heather, Monox 747. a *Helogyne 1010 Haskwort 362. f Heather, Silver 1649. a *Helonias 193, 455, 1907. Haspen 1652. i Heavenward tree 62. b 089 ‘ ' Hathorn (Haythorn) 592 *Hebradendron 867 Helxine 1499, b Haugh-nut 168. a Heck-berry 1668. m Hemidesmi radix 977 a Haules (Hoils) 1019 Heck-how 555 a *Hemizonia 356, 426, 654 Hauslauch 1830. a *Hedeoma 1636 1013 ei Hauswurzel 1830. a *Hedera 1514 *Hemizonella 951 Haver 221. a Hedere gummi 961. u HEMLOCK, species 2046 Haw, species 592 Hederich 1860. a tHemlock 135. a Haw, Apple or May 592.b Hedge-bedstraw 863. f Hemlock, Creeping 1963. v Haw, Black 2095. e Hedge-bells 563. a, c Hemlock, Dwarf 1963. ¢ tHaw, Black 324. a, Hedge-burs, Wild 863. a Hemlock, Lesser 51. a 2095. ¢, f, g Hedge-hog 1796. a Hemlock, Mountain 2046, b» Haw, Possum 2095.1, 1053.c Hedge-hyssop 1350 Hemlock, Poison 555. a Haw, Shawnee 2095. | Hedge-maids 894. a tHemlock, Poison 495. b Hawk-berry 1668. e Hedge-mustard 1873. a Hemlock, Small 51. a Hawk-feet 166, b edge-nettle 1900. a HEMLOCK, WATER 495 Hawk-nut 559. a Hedge-peak 1743. a Hemlock, Water 1427 Hawkbit 1005 Hedge-picks 1668. q Hemlock, Wild 495: b- tHawkbit 1163 Hedge-plant 2011. a Hemlock-chervil 148; a' Hawk’s-beard 594 Hedge-taper 2090. b Hemlock-spruce, False 1674: Hawkweed 1005 Hedge-thorn 592. a, d Hemlock-tree 2046: a,.1674.b: Haws 221. a Hedge-weed 1860, a Hemlock tree, Western 2048 Hawruorn, species 592 *Hedyosmos 616 b . Hawthorn, Laurel 997. a *Hedyotes 1429 Hemony 59. a Hay-hove 894.a *Hedyotis 1022 Hemp 370. a NUMBERS REFER TO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE. Hemp, Albany 2068. a Hemp, American 160. b faeme> American 6. a ‘Hemp, Bastard 802.c, 861.a Hemp, Bonget or Bombay a Hemp, Bowstring 33 tHemp, Bowstring 354, a Hemp, Canadian 169, b Hemp, Colorado 1838, a Hemp, Indian 370. a tHemp, Indian 6. a Hemp, Indian, Black 160, b Hemp, Madras 605 a Hemp, Manila 1347. e Hemp, New Zealand 1573. a Hemp, Queensland 1847, a Hemp, Sisal 56. b Hemp, Sunn 605. a Hemp, Water 24 Hemp, Wild 95. b, 861. a Hempr-NETT Le, species 861 Hemp-tiee 2107, a Hempweed 802, c Hempweed, Climbing 2119. a Hen-and-chickens 248, a +Hen-and-chickens 166, b Hen-plant 1611. b,c Henbane 1041 Henbane, Yellow 1578. f Henbell 1041. b Henbit 230 a Henbit (Greater) 1132. b Henbit, Small 2094. i~ Henequen (Henequin) 86, b Henkam 1041. b Henna 1148, a Hens 2102. b Hen’s-bill 1437. a Hepatica nobilis 981. b Hepatica stellata 201. b Hépatique 981. b Herb Barbara 235. a Heib Bennet 885. d, 2077. ¢ Herb Christopher 27 Herb Christopher 260, a, 886, a, 1471. b, 1691. a, 2087. a Herb Eve 63. b Herb frankincense 1139. a Herb Gerard 48. a Herb Ivy 63. b qian Ivy 578. a, 1611, a erb John 1048. b Herb Louisa 1209. a Herb mastich 1994. d, 1973, ¢ Herb Paris 1501. a Herb Peter 1660. d Herb Robert 883. b Herb Sherard 1340. a Herb Sophia 1873. a Herb Trinity 2102. f, 981. b Herb truelove 1501. a Herb two-pence 1249, a Herb William 1686, a Herb-bane 1459, a Herb-of-friendship 1824, f Herb-of-grace 1756. a, 830. a, 914. a, 2091. f Herb-of-repentance 1756. a Herb-of-the-cross 2091. f Herb-of-vine 201. a Herb-wickopy 456. a Herba aegyptiaca 2032. d Herba cordialis 201. b Herba impia 886, a Herbe a éternuer 18,4 Herbe a fidvre 802. 1 Herbe a la ouate 195. c Herbe & Phirondelle 462. a Herbe au citron 1302, a Herbe au diable 1620. b, ¢ Herbe aux chantres 1860, a Herbe aux charpentiers 18.a Herbe aux gueux 614.d Herbe au scorbut £27. a Herbe aux vers 1957. a Herbe de Str, Barbe 235. a Herbe parfaite 802. i *Herbertia 81 Herbstzeitlose 534, a Hercules’ All-heal 1447. a Hercules’-club 170, f, 2186. e Herehoune 2181. a Herlitze 576, h Hermodactyls 534, b Heron’s-bill 777 *Herpestis 1350. Herzfreude 201, b Herzgespann 1165. a Herteclowre 1973. b Herzwurzel 1323. a *Hesperis 1063 *Hesperochiron 373 *Hesperopeuce 2046 *Heudelotia 550 Heusamen, griechischer a Hexenkraut 1043, b Hibisci radix 87, a *Hibiscus 1113, 1987 HICKORY, species 1004 Hickory, Eucalyptus 790. x Hiéble 1771. ¢ High Belia 1217. ¢ High-taper (Hig-taper) 2090 , High-water shrub 1079. a Hill-berry 870. b Hill-trot 651. a Hilder 1771. ¢,e Hillerne 1771. e Hillwort 1308. h, 1994. u Himbeere 1750, h Himmelbrand 2090, b Himmelschliissel 1660, d Hind-heal 464, e, 1957. a Hindberry 1750. h Hindischkraut 1867. j Hini 1171. a Hip tree 1743. a, g Hippo 2062. a Hippo, Indian 1655. a, b Hippo (Hipp), Wild 83. a,f *Hippocastanum 50 Hippocastani cortex 50. b Hips 1743 a Hipwort 586. a *Hirneola 314 Hirschbrunst 737. a Hirschdorn 1721. d Hirschklee 802. ¢ Hirschtruffle 737. a Hilschzunge 1814. a Hirse 1496. a Hirtentischlein 329. a Hirundinaire 630. b Hirundinariae radix 630. b Hive-vine 1336. a, 577. ¢ Hoang-nan 1923. c Hoar-dock 174, a, b Hoarhound 1281. a 433 Hoarhound, Bastard 230, a Hoarhound, Black 230, a Hoarhound, Fetid 230. a Hoarhound Lion’s-tail 1165. c Hoarhound, Marsh 1242. b Hoarhound, Water 1242 Hoarbound, Wild 802, b,l,n Hoarwort 886. a Hobble-bush 2095. a Hock (Hockholler) 87. b Hockerie-topner 1830. a Hockertang 849. b Hockleberry 2075. a Hod-the-rake 1711. h Hog-bed 1240, b Hog-bite 474. a Hog-fennel 1554. b +Hog-fennel 145: b, 1058. a Hog-gum 1730. g Hog-gum tree 1362. a Hog-nut 1004. ¢ Hog-physic 1217. a Hog-taper 2090, b Hogg-gum 528. a Hogsbane 464. f Hog’s-bean 1041. b Hogweed 982. b, 411. a, 95. 4, 802. d, 1174. a, 1641. d Hohlwurzel 182. a, c, e, 372. ¢ Hohizahn 861, a Hola 590. b *Holeus 1876 Holewort 372, ¢ Holigold 344. a Holiverd 1053. a Hollard 79 Hollicocke, (Hollek) 87. b Hollin (Hollen, Holland) 1053. a Hollow-root 46. a Hollunder 1771. e Hollunderschwanim 814. a Ho. ty, species 1033 Holly, Bay 911. a Holly, Box 1755. a Holly, California 997, a Holly, Canadian 1054, a Holly, Ground 466. b Holly, Knee 1755. a Holly, Mountain 1054, a tHolly Oak 87. b Holly, Sea 781. ¢ Holly, Wild 1054. a Holly-tree 2052. b Hollyhock 87. b Hollyhock-rose 1825, a Hollybock, Sea 1003. e Holm (Holyn) 1053. a Holm, Knee 1755, a Holmes’-weed 1820. ¢ Holy Ghost 135. a Holy Hoke 87. b Holy tree 1299. b Holy-hay 1291. d Holy-herb 2091. f Holy-rope 861. a Holy-rose, Marsh 128, » Homewort 1830. a Honduras bark 1961. b Honesty 1234. a Honewort 661 f, 1859. a Honey CEoneysentlans) 895. 95. Honey-ball 428. a Honey-blob 1732. i 434 Honey-bloom 160, a Honey-bottle 765. ¢ Honey-bread 432, a Honey-flower 1665. a Honey-plant 1302. a Honey-pod 1664. a Houey-stalks 2032. g Honey-sweet 2057. a HoNEYSUCKLE, species 1222 {rleneysoee 166. a, 225 oneysuckle, Bush 676 Honeysuckle, Cape 1665. a Honeysuckle, Dwarf 576. d Honeysuckle, Ground1227.a Honeysuckle, Jamaica 1515. e Honeysuckle, White 2082.¢ Honeysuckle, Wild 871 Honey wort 863, e Honigthee 627 Honka 1323. a *Honkenya 99 Hoodwort 1821. c Hoofs 2053. a Hoop tree 1299. b Hoop-wood 1053. j Hoopkoop plant 1179, b Hop 1028 Hop, Bog 1310. a Hop, Spanish 1456. a Hop substitute 544 b, ¢ Hop, Wild 260. a, 320. b Hop-clover 2032 ‘a, b Hop-Hornbeam 1472 Hop-tree, 3-leaved 1681. a Hop-vine, Devil’s 1865. 0 *Hopea 1938 Hopfen (Hopfenzapfen) 1028 028. a Hopfen, Spanischer 1456. a Hopfenbaum 1681. a Hopfenkatzchen 1028, a *Hopkirkia 1803 *Horan 1130 ‘Horehound 1281. a Horestrang (Horestrong) 1554. b Horhowne 1281.a Hornbaum 576. f Hornbeam 390 Hornbeam, Hop- 1472 Hornbeam, Swamp 1421. ¢ Hornbine 1421. c Hornmohn 892. a Hornpine (Hornpipe) 1421.¢ Hornseed 512. a Horn-weed 433, 4 Hornwort 433 Horone 1281. a Horse-balm 639, b Horse-bean 1504. a Horse-blob 355. a Horse-brier 1865. 0 Horse-cane 95. b. Horse-chestnut 50. esp. b Horse-chire 1978. b Horse-elder 1062. a Horse-flower 1296, a, b Horse-foot (Horse-hoof) 2052. a Horse-gogs 1668, h Horse-gold 1711. c,d Hote ores 482. e, 1285. a Horse-fly weed 234, b Foray fea! ae a »1668.h orse-ja, orse-jug . Honcho 423.4 GENERAL INDEX. Horse-may 2058. d Horse-nettle 1867. i Horse-pipe 758. a, b Horse-sugar 1938. a Horse-tongue 1755. a Horse’s-breath 1439, a Horsebane 1427. c¢ HORSEMINT, species 1348 Horsemint 1111. a, 1308, i orsemint, European 1308.f Horsemint, Ohio 270 Horsemint, Sweet 616. a Horseradish 1742. a Horseradish tree 1360. a Horsetail, Shrubby 752 Horseweed 1174. a, 1125. a Horse-weed 95, b, 539. b tHorse-weed 1895. d Hosedoup 1318. a Houblon 1028. a Hound’s-berry 1867. 0 Hound’s-tongue 633. a, 35. House-leek, Dwarf 1824. b Houx petit 1755. 4 How-weed 423, d Howdoup 1318. a Huanuco bark 498. c¢, d HUCKLEBERRY, species Huflattig 2053. a Hithnerkraut 1994, a Hulver (Helver) 1053. a Hulver, Knee 1755. a Hulver, Sea 781. ¢ Humble-plant 1332, b Humlock 1378. a Hundred-eyes 2100. a, b Hundskurbis 320. b Hundspetersilie 51, a Hundsrose 1743. a Hundszunge 633. a Hungarian-grass 447, » Hungerkorn 512.a Hunger-weed 1711. d Hungry-vine 1865. 0 Huntsman’s-cup 1787. b Huntsman’s-horn 1787, a Hurr-bur 174. a, b Hurt-sickle 423. d Hurtleberry (Hurtberry) Hiitscheln 1771. e Hutton-weed 686. b Hyacinth, California 811 yacinth, Wild 262. a *Hyacinthus 1368 *Hyenachne 2010 *Hyeenanche 2010 Hya-hya 1946, a Hyawa tree 1666. b *Hydnocarpus 934 Hydrangea, Wild 1031. a *Hydrastis 2018 *Hydrocotyle 424 Hydrocotyle asiatica 424. a Hydrolapathi radix 1753. *Hydrolea 1383 *Hydropeltis 302 Hydropiper 1641, v Hylder 1771. e *Hymenea 2013 *Hymenatherum 1993 *Hymenolobus 1030 *Hymenoxys 1589 *Hyoscyamus 1817 *Hypelate 817 *Hypericum 911, 1786, 2022 Hypernic-wood 338, b *Hypogon 539 *Hypopeltis 2125 *Hyposeris 45, 184 *Hyptis 1317 Hysope 1048, a Hyssop 1048 tHyssop 1043. b Hyssop, Anise 54. a Hyssop, Giant 54 Hyssop, Hedge 914. a, c, 1350 *Hyssop, Mexican 1769, a Hyssop of Scripture 374 ¢ Hyssop, Prairie 1111. b *Hyssup, Wild 2091. c *Hyscopifolia 1250 *Hysterophorus 1513. » Iberiskresse 1168. d Ice-leaf 2090 b ~ Ice-plant 1316. a Ice-plant, American 1856. 4 *Icica 330, 1666 *Ictodes 1883 Te-langer-ie-lieber 2102. f If commun 1963. a *Ignatia (Ignatiana) 1923 Ignatia Bean 1923. b Ignatii faba 1923. b Ignatiusbohne 1923. b Ignazbohne 1923, b Ikaju 1923. h Illecebra vermicularis 32. 1824, a TIllinois-nut 1004. bh *Illipe 240. Tilupi 240. ¢ Imbreke 1830. a Immerschén 904 Immortelle 96y, 904 Immortellen 144. a Impératoire 1058, a Imperatoria nigra 209, a Imphee 1976. b Impudent-lawyer 1205. a Incense 62. c, 289. a, d. 1053. ce, 1929. d, 2086. a Incense tree 822. a, 2626, b Incense-wood 1666, b India-berries 127, a India-rubber 404.a, b, 831. b, 946, 1001, 1276. a India-rubber African 1143. a, b Indian bark 1262, f Indian dye 1032. a Indian Hemp 370. a fIndian Hemp 160. a NUMBERS REFER TO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE, Indian Hemp,Black 160. b Indian Hemp, Brown 1003.b Indian Hemp, White 195. b Indian-chief 693. a Indian-cigar 406 INDIAN-CUP, species 1787 Indian-cup 1852, b Indian-gum nut 1923, v Indian-fog 1824. b Indian-head 380. a Indian-heart 1238. b Indian-moccasin 636, a, etc Indian-paint 1214 b, 273. a Indian-paint, Red 1773. a Indian-paint, Yellow 1032.a Indian-physic 1262. ¢ Indian-pipe 1356. a Indian-pitcher 1787. b Indian-posy 121. a. 904. a Indian-root 170. e Indian-shoe 636. a, etc Indian-shot 369 Indian’s-dream 1527, a Indian’s-plume 1348, a Indicator 290. b Indicum (Pigmentum) 1059. a Indig 1059. a INDIGO, species 1059 Indigo 1071. b, 2127. a, ete Indigo, American 234. b Indigo, Bastard 103, b Indigo, Blue 284. a Indigo, Egyptian 590. a Indigo, False 103, 234. a Indigo, Green. 1721. e, f Indigo sauvage 234. b Indigo, Yellow 234. b Indigo, Wild 233. esp. b Indigo-berry 1710. a Indigo-plaut, Japanese 1641. p Indigo-weed 234, b *Infantea 94 Infant’s-breath 863. f *Inga 1608 Ingwer 2152. a Ingwer gelber 619. c, d Ingwer, indischer 194, a Ink-berry 1053. i, 1710. a Ink-nut 322.d Ink-root 1202. a Inkwood 817, a Inée (Ineh) 1919. a Innocence 538. a, 1022. a Insane root 1041. b Insect-powder, Dalmatian 482 tne eee Persian ‘ 482. b.c Intybi angusti herba 1125, f Inul 1062. a *Inula 488, 1691 *Iochroma 1237 *Tonidium 343 Ipado 787. a Ipecac (Ipecacuanha) 2062.a Ipecac, : aan 1655. a, 803. Ipecac, Bastard 196. a, 2037. a Ipecac, Black 1680. a Ipecac, Carolina 803. f Ipecac, False 1655. a, b Ipecac, Goanese 1387. 4 Ipecac, Indian 2054. a Ipecac, Malabar 1710, b- Ipecac, Milk 803. a, f, 160. o Ipecac, Peruvian 1680, a Ipecac, Spurge 803. f Ipecac, Striated 1680. a Ipecac, White 803. f, 343. a Ipecac, Wild 160. a, 803. f, 2037. a Ipecac, Wood 2037. a *Ipecacuanha 2062 Ipécacuanha annelé 2062. a Ipecacuanha, Farinaceous 1733. a Ipecacuanha, Striated 1733 peas, Undulated 1733. a Ipekakuanhe 2062. a *Ipo 150 *Ipomoea 815, 1256, 1444, 1702 *Tridaps 188 Iridis (Ireos) radix 1068. a, b, ¢ Iris de Florence 1068, a,b,c Irisrhizom 1068. a, b, ¢ Iron-bark 790. a, b Iron-grass 1641. d Tron-head 423. d Iron-tree 1321.¢ IRONWEED, species 2093 Iron-weed 423. d, 2091. ¢ Tronweed, Devil’s 1125. a, uv Ironwood 390. a, 1472. a, 324. b, 405. a, 637. a, 817. a, 1433. a +Ironwood 519. a, 1245 Ironwood 326 Tronwood, Bastard 2136. f Ironwood, Black 553, 1720.a Ironwood, Red 1719. a Ironwood, White 1042 Tronwort 861. a Irupe 2097. a Isabella-wood 1546. a Isenkraut 2091. f Islay 1668. 5 Isle-of-Wight vine 1956, a *Isonandra 1490 Isop 1048. a *Isopyrum 567 Ispagbul 1611. e€ It-brings-the-frost 206 Itaka 1253. a Itch-weed 2089. b Iva 18, b, f, g Ivette 63. a Ivette musquée 63. b Ivory, Vegetable 1584. a Ivory-nut 1584. a Ivory-tree 2127. a Ivy (Ivory) 961. a Ivy, American 1514, a Ivy, Big-leaved 1103, d Ivy, Cape 1831. i Ivy, Climbing 1730. h Ivy, Coliseum 629. a Ivy, English, etc. 961. a Ivy, Five-fingered 1514. a Ivy, Five-leaved 1411. a Ivy, German 1831.1 Ivy, Gout 63, b Ivy, Ground 894, 63. a, b Ivy, Herb 63. b Ivy, Japanese 1514. b Ivy, Kenilworth 629, a Ivy, Poison 1720. h Ivy, Spoonwood 1103. a Ivy, Three-leaved 1730. h 435 Ivy-berry 870. b Ivy-bush 1103. d Ivy-flower 981. b Ivy-weed 629. a Ivray (Ivraie) 1220. a *Ixia 879, 1394 *Ixophorus 447 JABORANDI, species 1593 jJaborandi 780. a, 1602. d.e.f Jaborandi, True 1602. ¢ Jaceae herba 2102. f *Jacaranda 1880 Jacaranda branca 1880. a Jachandel 1099. b Jack (Jaca, Jak) tree 188. b Jack-by-the-hedge 74. a, 2016. b Jack-in-the-pulpit 181. b Jack-in-trousers 166. a Jack-jump-about 48. a, 135. a, 1227. a Jack-of-the-buttery 1824, a Jack-straws 1611. b Jackanapes-on-horseback B44.a Jackson vine 1237. ¢ +Jacksopia 1633 Jacob’s-chariot 25. i Jacob’s-ladder 1634 a, b, ¢, 1639. ¢ tJacob’s-ladder 219. a,421.a, 462. a, 1205. a Jacob’s-ladder, American 1865. d Jacob’s-staff 2090. b Jacob’s-sword 1068. ¢ +Jacobinia 249 Jacobskraut 1831. g Jagermiitze 1787. b Jaggery 178. a, 285. a, 394. a, 1570. ¢ Jalap 815. a Jalap, Cancer 1585 b Jalap, False 1335, a Jalap, Fusiform 1066. Jalap, Indian 1444. a Jalap, Male 1066. 1 Jalap, Sierra Gordo 1066. m Jalap, Tampico 1(66. m Jalap, tubéreux 815. a Jalap, Wild 1066. n Jalap, Woody 1066. 1 Jalap-stalks 1066. 1 Jalapa, U.S. P. 815.4 Jalape, Falsche 1066 1 Jalapenknollen #14. a Jalapenstengel 1066. 1 Jamaica 1003. g Jamaica bark 816. b, 20. 4 Jamaika-Quassia 1590. a Jambosade (Jambu) 1086. a *Jamesia 733 Jamestown-weed 649, b, ¢ *Janipha 1276 Jarosse 1141, b, i Jaroul 1127. b Jarrah 790. p Jarvil, Sweet 2115. a,b Jasmin, geiber 878. a Jasminbignonie 878. a JASMINE, species 1069 Jasmine, American 1702. a Jasmine, Bastard 1237. ¢ Jasmine, Blue 5i4.a Jasmine, Cape 868. c Jasmine, Carolina 878. a Jasmine, French 354. b 436 Jasmine, Red 1621. a Jasmine, Wild 1081 Jasmine, Yellow 878. a Jasmine tree 1621. a Jatamansi 1386. a ‘Jatropha 69. a, 618, 1001, 1276 Jaundice-berry 251. 6 Jaundice root 1032. a Javanee 1690. a Javilla 1029, a Jay-weed 145. b Jealousy 1824. i Jeelico 185. esp. a Jelly plant 793. a Jenny-wren 883. b Jequiriti 4.a Jérose hygrometrique 122.4 Jerubeba 1867, r Jerusalem-cross 1236. b Jerusalem-star 2016. a Jeshamy 1089. a Jessamin (Jessamy) 1089. a Jessamin, see Jasmine Jessamine 1237. ¢ Jessamine, Cape 868. c Jessamine, Water 914. b {Jessamine, Wild 133. g Jesuitenthee 1053. 6 fJesuit’s bark 1079. 4 Jesuit’s-nut 2017. a Jew bush 1524. a Jew’s-ear 814. a ‘Jew’s-ear 1239. a ewelweed 1057. a, d Jewsharp-plant 2036. a Jimson-weed 649. b,c Jinshang 1493. b Jintawan 2063. a, b Joan Silver-pin 1497. d Jobarbe (Jubard) 1830. a Job’s-tears 532. a ‘Job’s-tears 2076. a ob’s-tears, Wild 1442. a Joe wood 1085. a Joe-Pye weed 802. j,k Johandel 1099. b Johannisbeere 1732. k Johannisblut 1043. b Johannisbrod 432. a Johanniskraut 1043, b Johanniswurzel 712. b Jobn-Crow beans 4, a John-go-to-bed-at-noon 116. a, 1458. a Johnny-jump 693. a Johnny-jump-up 2102. c,e Johnny-jumper 2102. f Johnny-smoker 885. a JOHNSWORT, species 1043 Johnswort, False 1786. a Joint-vetch 49 Joint-weed 1008. a Joint-weed, Coast 1640. « *Joliffia 106 *Jonesia 1782 Jonquil 1385. b *Jonquilla 1385 Joseph-and-Mary 1692. a Joseph’s-coat 91. b Joseph’s-flower 2016, b Joshua-tree,2144, b Joubarbe acre 1824, a Joubarbe des vignes 1824. ¢ Joubarbe grande 1830, a Jove’s fruit 681. e, 250. b Jove's nuts 1704. q GENERAL INDEX. Juba’s-bush (Juba’s-brush) 1067. a Judas tree 436 tJudas tree 1771. e Judasbaum 436. b Judasohr 814. a Judendorn 2155. ¢ Judenkirschen 1578. a Juglandis folia 1096. d *Juglans 1004, 69. at Juice-root (Juicewood) 902. b *Jujuba 2155 Jujubae gallicae (Magnae) 2155. ¢ Jujube, French 2155. c Jujube, Italian 2155. b Jujube tree 2155. c Jujubier 2155. ¢ July-flower 1664. a Jumble-beads 4. a June-berry 96 June-flower 2102. b Jungternkraut 187.5 Juniper 1099 +Juniper 453. a, 1188. a, 1587. b Juniper, Creeping 1963. c Juniper resin 349. a {Juniper tree 422. a Juno’s-tears 2091. f Jupiter’s-beard 1830. a,149.a Jupiter’s-distaff 1568. ¢ Jur-nut 559. a Juribali 1106. a Juribali (Jurubali) 2026. b fJuribali 1879. a Jusquiame noir 1041. b *Jussieua 1100 Justice-weed 802. g,h *Justicia 39, 127, 665 Jute 569. a, b Jute, American 6. a Jute, Bastard 1003. b Juvia tree 257.a Kaddig 1099. b Kadeél (Kaddigél) 1099. Kaffee 531. a Kafir-bread 749. a Kainkawurzel 467. a Kaisersalat 187. e Kaiserwurz 1058. a Kakaobohnen 1984. a Kakarali 1152. a Kaladana 1066, i Kalkas 541. a Kale, Corn 303. a Kale, Field 303. a Kale, Sea 803. 6 *Kali 1767 Kalisayachina 498. a *Kalliactis 231 Kalmus 26, a Kalo 54l.a Kala 7. d Kamala 1267. a Kamani 322. c, 853. a Kambodja 1621. b Kamela (Kameela) 1267. a Kamila 1267,a Kamille, rémische 145. ¢ Kamillen 1285. a Kampfer 500. b Kanbil 1267, a Kaneel 500. a Kaneel, weisser 368, « Kapa 816. a Kapper 874. ¢ Kardamom 742, a Kariyat 127, a Karobe 432. a Karra-doorn 7. b Karri tree 790, m Kars iKarse) 1742, b Karse, Garden 1168. e Kartoffle 1867. n Kasekraut 1270, a sinena pal 1270, b Kaskarillrinde 606. b Kastanienbaum 400 Katchung oil 168, a Katechu 7. b Kathira gum 528, a Katir 703. b Katzengamander 1973. ¢ Katzenkraut 1399. a Katzenminze 1399, a Katzenpfotchen 144. a, 904 Katzentraublein 1824, a Kauri Pine 55. a Kautschuk 1001. a Kavakava (Kava) 1320. a,b Kedlock 1856, a Kedlock (Kellock, Kilk) 303. a *Kedrostis 320. ¢ *Keerlia 155, 293 Keeslip 863. i Kei (Kai) Apple 701. Kekune oil 69. a Kellerhals 644. c. Kellup-weed 482. 6 {Kelp 1420. a Kelpware 849 Kelpwort 1767. a Kemp (Kempseed) 1611.b,¢ *Kentrophyta 101 Keora oil 1495. a Kerbel 148. b Kerlock 303. a, d Kermesbeere 1685. b Kernelwort 1820. b,c Kerzennussbaum 69. 4 Kesselbeere 1476. b Ketgee oil 1495. a Ketmia, Bladder 1003. i Ketimie acide 1003. g Kettle-case 1450. d Kettle-dock 148. ¢ *Keura 1495 Keuschlamm 2107. a Khat (Kat) 408. a Khuskhus 129. f Kicking-colt 1057. d Kicking-horses 1057. d Kidney-bean tree 1115. a Kidney-root 226. b Kidney Vetch 149 Kidney wort 686. a Kikar 7, a Kikuel oil 1768, a Kill-kid 1103. a Kill-wart 462. a Killeen 477. a Killikiniec 576, b, i, 176. £ King-cup 1711. ¢ {King-cups 355. a King-devil 1006. g King-nut 1004. a, d, g King-of-the-meadow 802, j Kings-and-queens 189, " King’s-crown 1300, b King’s-cure 466 b *Kinkina 498 NUMBERS REFER TO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE, Kinnikinto 576, b, {, 176. ¢ Kino, African 1682 b Kino, Amboyna 1082. ¢ Kino, Australian 790, 0, ft f h Kino, Bongal 331, a Kino, Botany Bay 790, @, €, Ke h Kino, Braxilian 827. « Kino, Caracas 526, b Kino de l'Inde 1682. ¢ Kino, Gambia 1682. b Kino, Jamaion 526, b Kino, Palas 381. 0 Kino treo 1682, © Kino, West Indian 626, b Kippor-nut 659, a Kirsohe 1668, ¢ Kirschlorbeer 1663, i Kiskatom 1004 Kisky-Thomas nut 1004 Kiss-ine-quick 803° b Kiss-me-quiek-and IS7n Kisses (Kiss-me: 2102 t Kit-of-the-wall 182k a Kitteu's-breoches 262. b Klapperrose 1497. 0 sc ae aa aka A a Klatschrose 1497. Klobkraut 863, a Kleobaum 1631. a *Kloinia 1092 RKiettenwurgel 174, 0 Nnaekaway T34 Knap 2082. f Knap-bottle 1851, b Cunpweed 423, b Kuapweed 423. ¢ Cnauel wilde 1810. 8 *Kuautia 17 Kuawel 1810, a Rnight-cross 1286. b Knight's-spur 656, © Kuit-back 1987, a Kuob grass 589, b Rnob-root S89, b Koobdhiuch 76. 6 Knoblauchkraut 74. a Knobweed 428, d, S80, b Kuop-sedye 188 Knorpelaang 477 a Knot-berry (Knout-berry ) \750 ot Kuot-grass 1f41, d Kuot-grass 1506 \not-grass, Female 1008, a Kaot-grass, German 181d. a Koot-grass, Male 1641, d Knot-root 439, b Knotenwurg 1820, b Knodterich 1641, @ KNOTWEED, species 1641 Knotweed, Kiting 1641. 1 Knotwort Wal, d Kookelskorner 117. a *Koonigia 1254 Kohl 808, @ Kohl rabi 803. 6 Kohlbaumrinds 2110, b, ¢ Kohlsaatsdl 803, b Kokospalm 429, b Kokum butter 867, b Kola 883, 9 Kolikwurzel 160. a Kolombowurzel 1090. a Koloquintea 505, b Kombé 1919, a KGnigschina 498. a Konigen der Nacht 433. 0 Konigsfarrn 1471, b Kinigskerze 2090, bd Kouker tree 50, b Koontee 2145. a Koosumbia 1804, 4 Koot Looe 1791. a Korbelkraut 1873, 0 Kortandorsamen 573, a Korublume 423, ¢ Kournel 576, b, f Kornelkirsche 576. h nies (Kooso, Kusso) ay Kraftwurzel 1493, a, b Kiahenaugen 1928, d Kramoria, U.S. PL LL. oe Kramporithee 442. 8 Krampf 2057, a Kranewett 1099, b Kranichbeere 1176. b Kyapp 1749. a Brstebulinent 1865, a Kritzwurzel 2089, a Krausdistel 781, b Krauselboere 1732, { Krauseminge 1808 d Kraut-weed 808, a, 1712. 8 Krebsdistel 1440, a Krebswurg 1170. a Kreuzblume 1638, a Krourdorn 1721, d Kreuckraut 1831. ¢ Krougwurg 1638 a Kriechenptlaume 16638, q *Krigia 1835 Kronananas 119, a Kronohina 498, f Krousbeere 2075, Kropfklette 2131, Kropfwurskraut 1820, b Krummholzél 160t, m *Kryuitzkia 77, 608, 764, 1453 *Ktenospermum 1522 Kuboben 611. 8 huchenschelle 1693. b Kuhborusamen 2054. 8 Kuhkritee 1905, a Kukui 6a Kilmmel, Romischer 615, 4 Kilmmolsamen so. b Kundah 378. b RKirbis 26. a Kirbissamen 614. d Kurkuma 612. ¢, d Kurung (Kurunj) $59. a Kuskus 129 f Kuteera gum 1912. d Kutera gum 8238, a Labdanum (Ladanum) 508 Labkraut sa. i *Lablavia 1121 Laburnum 64L. 8 *Laburnum Git Laburnum, White U7. a Laburnum, Wild tao, b Lao (acca, Lack) 7. a, f, Bata, OUBL a, SL ee, f, g, 184th b Lao tree 184. 8 Lacea musica 1150, b Lace-bark tree 1128, a Lave-bution 763, a Lace-Fern 461, a 437 Lace-flower 651, a Lace-leaf 164. 0 Lace-pod 1996 Lachonkuoblauch 1078, & *Lachnanthus 937 Lacmus 1150. b Lacquer tree 1730. 0 Lactucarium 1125. d, f, g Lad-savour 187, 0 Ladder-to-heaven 1634, a, 1689, © Ladles’-bower 514, d Ladies’-oushion 1903, a Ladivs'-eardrop 1057, d Ladies'-glove 677. a, Ladies'-laces 1659. a Ladies’ mantle 65 eee 563. ¢ Ladies'-pocket 1057. d Labiks-SLipPER, species 636 Ladios’-slipper_ 1638. 0 dies'slipper, Wild 1057, a,d Ladies’ thimble 677, a Ladies’-tresses 936 Lady-fingers 677, a Lady-by-the-gato 1781, a Lady-neverfade 121, a Lady-wrack S49. b Lady’s-comb 1796. a Lady’s-cushion 423. d Lady’s-delight 2102, f Lady's-fingers 149. a,14id, i qn a i365 ady's-garters 1750. ¢ ade eave 1068. b, 1227. 8 Lady's-hair 40. a Lady's-keys 1660, d Lady’s-lint 83. b Lady's-mantle 65 Lady's-milk 1280. a Lady's-needlework 411. a Lady's-purse $29, a Lady's-rufties $33 Lady's-seal 1689. 0,0, 1956.8 Lady's-shoes 165, Lady's-shoes-and stockings , ie * nore sady’s-s) 1227.0 had roll aae 166, b Lady’s-mock 879, ¢ Lady's-thimble 362, b *Lagophylla 1016 *Lagotbamnus 1968 Laiche 382. a Laiterou 1871, b Laitue offiamal 1125, d Laitue vireuse 1125. £ Lake-weed 1641, b Lakmos 1150. b Lakritzenholz 902, b Lamb-lakius 189 a Lamb-hly 2007, 8 Lamb-succory 184 Lamb-sucklings 2032, g Lamb's-foot 1611. ¢, 65, b Lamb's-lettuce 1611, d Lamb’s-quarters 464.9,218.0 i uarters 2006. 8 ai b's-tail 1240. a, 1764. e Lamb's-tongue 785, b, 1508, a, 1611, d, IStda Lamb's-toes 149. a TLamier 1182. a Lamloaire digitée 1131, a *Lamium 193 438 Lammint 1808. g, j Lampourde 2131. b Lampwick 1568. ¢ Lana gossypii 912. ¢ Lanarie radix 1935. b Lang-de-beef 284. a mee de boeuf (Langde- eef) 1591. b Langue de chien 633, a Lantar (Lontar) Palm 178.a Lantern-leaves 1711. h Lanugo gossypii 912. ¢ Lap-love 563. a Lapathi radix 1753, e *Laportea 2068 *Lappa 174 Lappa, U.S. P, 174, a, b Lappula hepatica 59. a Lapper-gowan 2043. a Laque 606. a Laque bleu 1150, b Lakcu, species 1138 tLareh 2. e Liarcheurinde 1138. b Liarchenschwamm 1644. d Laricis cortex 1138, b Lark-heel 656. ¢ Lark’s-claw 656. ¢ }Lark’s-heel 2044. a LaRKSPUR, species 656 qtLarkspur 1205. a Larrabell 968. a *Larrea 588 Laser 1139, a Laser (cyreniacum) 1978. b Laserkraut 1139, a Laserpitium germanicum 1190. a Laserwort 1139 Latherwort 1781. a Lathyris major 803. g Latschenél 1601. m Lattice-leaf 164. a Lauch 76, d Laurel, Alexandrian 353, a Laurel, American 1103. d Laurel, Bay 1144. a Laurel, Big 1728. d Laurel, Big-leaf 1728. a Laurel, Black 911.a Laurel, California 2059. « Laurel, Camphor 500. b Laurel, Cherry- 1668. f, i Laurel, Copse 644. b Laurel, Deer 1728. d Laurel, Dog 1189. a Laurel, Dwarf 1103. a Laurel, Florida 1938. a Laurel, Great 1728. d Laurel, Ground 754, a Laurel, Hairy 1103. ¢ Laurel, Horse 1728. da Laurel, Lady 644. b Laurel, Mountain 1108. d, 1728. d - ‘Laurel, Mountain 2059. « aurel, Noble 1144.0 Laurel, Pale 1103. b Laurel, Rose 1728, d, 1103.d, 1403. a Laurel, Sassafras 2059, 2 Laurel, Sheep 1103. a, b Laurel, Small 1103. d, 1262.f Laurel, Spurge 644. b, 1103.d Laurel, Swamp 911.a, 1103.b, 1262. Laurel, Sweet 1055. a GENERAL INDEX. Laurel, White 1262. f Laure}, Winter 1668. f Laurel, Wood 644. b, 1103, da Laurestine 2u95, n Laurier commun 1144. a Laurier rose 1403. a Laurier-benzoin 250. a Laurier-cerise 1668. i Laurocerasus 1668, i *Laurus 250, 500, 1266, 1424, Laus-tibi 1385. e Laiisekérner 193. a, 656. d Lausekraut 1523 Laiisepfeffer 656. a Laiisesamen 193, a Layande commune 1145. a Lavande officinale 1145. a Lavande triste 1202. ¢ Lavandel 1145. a LAVENDER, species 1145 fTLavender 482. a Lavender, Sea 1202. a,c Lavender-thrift 1202. a Laverocks 1475, a Lavola bark 1055. ¢ Lead plant 103. a LEADWOBT, species 1620 LrEaF-cup, species 1642 Leather-flower 514. g,h Leather-jacket 790. x Leather-leaf 454. a Leatherwood 689, 637 Lebensbaum 1992. b Leberblume 981. b Leberklette 59. a Leberkraut 981. b Leche de popa 1334, d Lectiminga 1959. a Leechwort 1611, b Leek, Crow 1808. a Leek, French 76. da Leek, Sour 1753, b Leek, Three-seeded 76. g Leek, Wild 76. g,h Leindotter 361. a Leinkraut 1205. a Leinsamen 1208. b *Leiophyllum 657 Lemon Monarda 1348. ¢ Lemon, Persian 1201. a Lemon, Vegetable 613. a Lemon, Wild 1625. a Lemon-grass 129, b, da Lentisk (Lentiscus) 1605. « *Leontodon 153, 1862, 1959 Leopard tree 835. a Leopard’s-bane 183 +Leopards’-bane 1501, u Leopard-flower 879. « *Lepachys 1713 *Lepidanthus 126 *Lepidium 1030 *Lepigonum 2005 Leptandra, U.S, P. 1171. a *Leptanthus 993 *Leptocaulis 156, 1886 *Leptoclinium 866 *Leptoglottis 1361 *Leptoseris 1265 *Lepurandra 150 Lerchenklaue 656. c LETTUCE, species 1125 Lettuce, Canker 1696. d Lettuce, Hare’s 1871. b, ¢ Lettuce, Indian 1696. d, 844. a, 513. e Lettuce, Lamb’s 2078. a, b, 1611. d Lettuce, Liverwort 1696. d Lettuce, Spanish 513. e Lettuce, Water 1606. a Lettuce, White 1381. a, b,c Lettuce, Wild 1125. a, f qLettuce, Wild 1696. *Leucanthemum 482 *Leucopsidium 155 *Leucosinapis 1856 Levant-nut 117. a Lever-wood (Leaver-wood) 689. a, 1472. ag Levers 1881 Levose 1190. a *Lewisia 1452 Lewte 1439. a Liane A Vail 265, a *Liatris 388, 866, 1124, 2035 *Libanotis 212 : Libi-dibi (Libi-divi) 338. a *Libidibia 333 *Licaria 674 *Lichen 442 Lichen, Archil 1150, 1739. a, b Lichen I’ Islande 442 a Lichen, Manna, 1150. a Lichwale 1214. a, ¢ Lichwort 1499. a Lickorice (Lickerice) 902. b Licorice, species 902 Licorice Indian 4. a Licorice, Wild 863. ¢, d da, 208 @ ficorice, Wild 170. ¢, 1439. a Licorice-weed 1816. a Lidelily 1885, a Lieber’sche Krauter 861. b Liebfrauenstroh 8638. i - Liebstéckel 1150. a Lief (Liff) 1232. a Lierre terrestre S94. a Life-everlasting 904. a *Life-everlasting 121, a Life-of-man 170. €, 676. a, 1824. ¢ Life-plaut 321.4 Life-root 1831. a ‘Light-wood 7. i igu-aloes 168. a, 674. x» qLign-aloes 813. 2 Lign-aloes, Mexican 830. b Lignum benedictum 919.a,b Lignum campechianum 940. a Lignum coeruleum 940. 9 , NUMBERS REFER TO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE. Lignum muscarum 1590. a Lignum muscicidum 1590.a Lignum nephriticum 1360.a Lignum pavanum 1788. a Lignum sanctum 919,a, b Lignum vitae 919. a, fLignum vitae 2107. b Lignum vitae, Australian 790. v Ligustici radix 1190. a LILac, species 1945 Lilac, African 1299. b Lilac, California 415. ¢ Lilac, Indian 1127. c, 1299,b Lilac, Summer 990. a Lilac tree 1299. b Lilac, Victorian 950, a Lillie-riall 1308. h LILy, species 1196 TLily 597 Lily, African 2147. a Lily, Atamasco 2150. a Lily, Beaver 1420. a Lily, Belladonna 92. a Lily, Blackberry 479. a Lily, Bull-head 1420. a Lily, Butterfly 351. c Lily, Calla 2147. a Lily, Chinese Sacred 1385. f Lily, Ulinton’s 521. a Lily, Corn- 563. a Lily, Cow 1420. a Lily, Daffodel 2150. a LILy, Day, species 851 Lily, Day 976 Lily, Dog 1420. a tLily, Easter 1385. a, 2150. a Lily, Ethiopian 2147. a Lily, Fairy 2150. a Lily, Flag 1068. g Lily, Flax 1573. a Lily, Frog 1420. a Lily, Great Yellow 1391. a Lily, Green $47. a Lily, Ground 2036. a Lily, Gunebo 1309. a Lily, Hedge- 563. ¢ Lily, Horse 1420. a Lily, Jamestown 649. b, c Lily, Lamb 2007. a Lily, Lemon 976. b Lily, Liver 1068. g Lily, Lotus 1391 Lily, Mariposa 351. ¢ Lily, May 562. a Lily, Mound 2144. 4 Lily, Newyears 1385, f Lily, Northern 521. a Lily, Park 562. a Lily, Plantain &1. b LILy, POND,species 399.1420 Lily, Prairie 564, 1309. a Lily, Rush 1861. a Lily, Snake 1068. g Lily, Spider 1037 qLily, Spider 2014. a Lily, Spring 785. a Lily, Straw 2073. b Lily, Swamp 2150. a Lily, Toad 399 b, c, 513. a Lily, Trinity 2036. ¢ Lily, Trout 785. b Lily, Trumpet 2147. a Lily, Water 399 Lily, Water (yellow) 1420 Lily, Wild 189. a Lily, Wovd £62. a, 2036 be Lily, Yellow 785. b, 1385. a Lily-bell 351. a, b eg aoe Cc ily-grass 189. a Lily-oak 1945. Liiy-of-the-mountains 1639. ¢ Lily-of-the-Nile 2147. a Lily-of-the-valley 562. a Lily-of-the-valley, False 2061. a Lily-of-the-valley, Wild 521. a, 1696. a, 2061. a Lily-pod, Little 302. a Lily-thorn 407 Lima bark 498. ¢ Lima-wood 338. b Lime, Ogeechee 1421. b Lime, Sour 506. a, b, h Lime, Sweet 506. h Lime, Wild 2156. f, 1201. b Lime-berry 2038 a LIME-TREE, species 1999 Limewort Catehfly 1851. w *Limnanthes 1197 *Limodorum 936, 2004 Limonie 506. i Limonilla 1589. a *Limonium 1903 *Limosella 1350 Lin Linn, Line, Linde) Lin, Semence de 1208. b Lin dela Nouvelle Zélande 1573. a Linaire commune 1205, a *Linaria 629, 740 Lind, White 1999. a,c LINDEN, species 1999 Lindenbliithen 1999, b *Lindera 250, 1378 *Lindernia 1056 Ling (Links) 2017, b Ling 1955. b, 2056, a Ling, Bell 765. b Ling, Black 350. a Ling, Crow 350. a, 765. b Ling, Draw- 774 Ling, Pull- 774 Ling, Silver 1649. a Ling, Wire 747. a Ling-berry 2075. p *Lingoum 1682 Lingua cervina 1814, a Lingwort 2089. a Linn, Black 1262. a Linn, Yellow 1262 a *Linoseris 1074 *Linosyris 489, 1169 Linseed 1208, b Lint (Lin) 1208. b Lint, Fairy 1208. a Lint, Laverock’s 1208. a Lint-bells 1208. b Lion’s-ear 1165. a Lion’s-foot 65. b, 1164. a, 1381. a,b Lion’s-heart 1581. 4 Lion’s-leaf 1162. a Lion’s-mouth 151. a, 677. a Lion’s-snap 151. a Lion’s-tail 1165 Lion’s-tooth 1163, a, 1959. a Lip-fern 461 *Liparis 1176 Lippia Mexicana 1209, *Liquidambar 551 439 *Liquiritia 902 Liquorice, See Licorice Liriconfancy 562. a *Liriosma 716 Lis blane 1196. p *Lisianthus 807, 878 *Lithagrostis 532 Lithewort 1771. ¢ *Lithonia 966 *Lithophragma 1966 *Lithospermum 109, 1442 Lithy-tree 2095. j Lithywale (Littlewale) 1214. ¢ *Litchi 1400 Litmus 1180, b Litschi (Li’tehi) 1400. b *Litsea 1266, 2059 *Littanella 1215 Little-boy’s-breeches 262. b Little-good 803. d Little-washerwoman 1022. a Live-forever 1824. c,d Live-long 1824 ¢, 121. a Livéche 1190. a Liver-berry 1918 LIVER-LEAF, species 981 Liver-weed 981. b JLiverwort 59. a, 981. b Liverwort, Heart 981. b Liverwort, Noble 981. b Liverwort, Three-leaved 981. b Liverwort, Water 242. a Liverwort, White 1505. a Lizard’s-tail 1790. a, 1602.i,j Llewellyn 2094 f Loaves-of-bread 1041. b Lobe-berry 526. b LOBELIa, species 1217 Lobelia, Lemon 1302. a Lobélie enflée 1217. b *Lobelienkraut 1217. b Loblolly tree 1604. b *Lobularia 1112 Lockin-gowan 2043. a Loco-weed_ 208. c, p jLoco-weed 605. d. Locust, species 1738 Locust, African 1503. Locust, Black 895. b Locust, Honey 895. b fLocust, Honey 1664 a, 1738. a Locust, River 103. b Locust, South American 1036. a Locust, Swamp 890. a Locust, Sweet 895. b Locust, Thorn 895. b Locust, Water 895. a Locust, Yellow 50¥. a Locust-berry 334. a Locust-bloom 1999. b Locust-plant 396. e Locust-tree 452. a, 1733 *Locusta 2078 Loffelkraut 527. a Loggerheads_ 423. d Logwood 940. a *Loiseleuria 452 Lokao 1721. e,f Loleh 1220. a London-basket 385. d *London-lace 1559. a London-pride 669. b, 1781. » London-tuft 664. b 440 Long-beard 2001. a Long-purples 1250. a, 1450.4 Longan 1400. ¢ Longshucks 1601.» Longwort 115. b *Lonicera 676, 1936 Loofa (Louff) 1232. a Loosestrife 1249, 1250 tLoosestrife 1904 Loosestrife, False 1072. a, 1229 Loosestrife, Swamp 652. u Loosestrife, Tufted 1388 *Lophanthus 54 *Lophiocarpus 1225 Lopseed 1574 Loquat 769. a Lorbeer 1144. a Lords-and-!adies 181. b, 189, a Lot-tree 1873. ¢ Lote tree 2155. b Lotus 422. b Lotus, Egyptian 1391. b Lotus, Honey 1300. a Lotus, Indian 1391. b Lotus odoratus 2032. d Lotus, Sacred 1391. b Lotus tree 2155. b, 681. c,e Lotus, Water 1391. a Lotwurz 1441. a Louse-berry tree 801. uv Louse-bur 2131. b LovusEWwoRtT, species 1523 Lousewort 260. a, 647. a, Lovage 1190 Lovaze, American 1143. a Lovage, Scotch 1193. ¢ Lovage, Water 1427.8 Love-bind 514. da Love-entangle 1824. a Love-entangled 514, d Love-grove 1395. b Love-in-a-chain 124, b Love-in-a-mist 1411. a, 1615. a Love-in-a-puzzle 1411, a Love-in-idleness 2102. f Love-in-winter 466. b Love-lies-bleeding 91. a,b,d *Love-lies-bleeding 44. b Love-man 863, a Love-me 1373. a Love-peas 4. a Love-tree 436. b Love-vine 620 Love’s-test 144. b Lovely-bleeding 91. a, b, d Lover’s-pride 1641. n Lover's-steps 1220 a Low Belia 1217. b *Lowellia 1993 Léwenmaul 1205. a Léwenmaul, grosses 151. a Léwenzahn 1959. a Lowries, Sturdy 644. b Loxa bark 498. d, Lucerne 129t. d tLucerne 1294. a, 1437. a Lucerne, Sweet 1300. a Lucerne, Yellow 1291. b Lucifer 1291. d Lucif-r-matches 1860, 0 *Ludwigia 1072, 1100, 1230 *Luina 1669 Lukwati 769. « GENERAL tNDEX. *Luma 118 Lumbang nut 69, a *Lunanaea 533 Lunary 290. a, 1284, w Lung-yen 1400. e Lungenhabichtkraut 1005, h Lungenkraut 1692 a Lungenkraut, gelbes 1005.e Lungwort 1692 Lungwort, American 1314.a Lungwort,Bullock’s 2090.b Lungwort Cow’s or Clown’s 2090. b Lungwort, French 1005. e - Lunzwort, Golden 1005. e Lungwort, Sea 1623. a Lungwort. Smooth 1314. a Lungwort, Tree 1314. a Lungwort, Virginia 1314, a LuPINE (Lupin) 1235 Lupine, False 1985 Lupuline (Lupulite) 1028. a Lupulinum (Lupulina) 1028. a Lupulus 1028, a Lupus salictarius 1028. a Lurkey-dish 1308. h Lustwort 707. a *Luzula 1097 *Lychnis 61. a, 2104 Lycope 1242 Lycoperde des bouviers 1238. a *Lycoperdon 737 Lycoperdon-nuts 737. a Lycopode 1240. a *Lycopodium 1825 *Lygodesmia 1689 *Lyonia 2139 Lyre-tree 12!1. a *Lysanthe 917 *Lysimachia 1388, 190i Lysimaque 1249 *Lythrum 652, 1511 Macaja butter 529. a Macary-bitter 1961, a Mace (Macis) 1377. b Mache 2078. a *Maclura 472, 2011 *Macropiper 1320 *Macrotys 497 Mad 219.4 Mad-apple 649. b, c Mad-dog weed 72. a Mad-nep 1516. a Mad-weed 1821. ¢ Mad-woman’s-milk 803. d Madar 854. a Madder 1749. a ftMadder 145. b Madder, Field 1840. a Madder, Indian 1429. a Madder, Wild &63 f. g Madeira-nut 1096. d Madeira-wood 1934, a Maden-weed 145. b Maderwort, 187. b *Madia 138, 951, 12°9 Madness (Madnep) 982 a Madrojio (Madrona) 172 Madu-nut 623. a Madwort 361. a, 1112. a Madwort, German 200 Mafura (Mafurra) tree 2026. a *Mafureira 2026 Magell 644, ¢ Magellanicus cortex 706. « Mag het 482. f MAGNOLIA, species 1262 Maguey plant #6, ¢ *Maharanga 1441 *Mahogani 1934 {TMahogany 1730. f Mahogany, Australian 790.p Mahogany, Bastard 79v. p Mabogany, East Indian 417. b, 1879. a Mahogany, False 1546. a Mahogany, Forest 790. y Maho.-any, Horseflesh 1248. b Mahogany, Indian 417. b Trish 79. a Mahogany, Mahogany. Kentucky 930.8 Mahogany, Mountain 261. b, 437 Mahogany, Red 790. y Mahogany, Swamp 790. z Mahogany tree 1934. a Mahozany, White 790, z *Mahonia 251. d Mahwa ( Mahwah) 240. b *Maianthemum 2061 Maiblume 562. a Maid-of-the-meadow 2057, a Maid-sweet 2057. a MAIDENHAIR, species 40 {Maidenhair 468. a, 88°. b Maidenhair, Black 204. a Maidenhair, English 204. d Maidenhair, Golden 16:9. a {Maidenhair, Golden 1643. a Maidenhair, White 204. c Maidenhuir tree 889. a Maiden’s-honesty 514. d Maiden’s-tears 1831. b Maiden’s-ruin 187. a Maid’s-bair 863. a, i Maid’s-love 187. a Maiglocken 562 a Maile (Maire) 89. a Mairan 1455. a, ¢ Mais, Filament de 2148. u Maisbrand 2071. a Maise 145. b Maispistille 2148. a Maize 2148. a Maize, Water 2097. a Maize-smut 2071. a Maize-thorn 423. b Majoe-bitter 1961. a Majoran 1456. c, d *Majorana 1456 Make-beggar 1761.0 Make-peace 261. a Makebale 1634, a Malabar-nut 39. a Malabathri folia (cortex) 500. g Malacca-nut 1829. a *Malachodendron 1924 Malagueto de montana 2103. a Malambo bark 606.d Male Fern 712. d Male-fern, Buckhorn 1471.b Malice 1270. a Malicorium cortex 1694, a Mallamak 1066. 6 Mallee tree 790. t MALLOW, species 1270 {Mallow 87 Mallow, False 1271, ua NUMBERS REFER TO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE. Mallow, Glade 1384 Mallow, Globe 1888, 1848 Mallow. Indian 6. a, 1847 2065. a Mallow, Jew’s 569. b Mallow, Marsh- 87. a Mallow, Musk 1003. a Mallow, Poppy 348 Mallow, Rose 1003. d, © Mallow, Sea 1146. a Mallow, Swamp 1003, e Mallow, Water 1003, e Mallow, Tree 1146. a Mallow, Venice 1003. i Mallow, White 87. a Mallygow!] 344. a Maltese-cross 1236, b *Malva 348, 1271 Malva arborea 87. b Malva vulgaris 1270, b Malvaviscus 87. a *Malveopsis 1271 Mamaeiro 383. a Mamey tree 1273. a Mamilier 140. d Mammee 1228. a Mammee Apple 1273, a *Mammillaria 337, 1224 Mawmoth tree 1832, b Man-of-the-earth 1066. n Man-root 1066. k, n Manaca (Manacan) 317. a {Manaca 1052. a Manawa 223. b Manchineel 1007. a Manchineel, Mountain 1730, *Mancinella 1007 Mancona bark 786, a Manconarinde 786. a Mandelbaum 111. a Mandeln 111. a *Mandioca 1276 Mandrake, (American) 1625. a {Mandrake 189, a, 1956. a Mandrake, European 1274.a Mandrake, False 320. b Round 891.b Wild 1625. a, ? Mangaba (Mangava) 946. a Manyabeira rubber 946, a *Mangas (Manga) 1275 Mangel-wurzel 259. a Mangle 1829. a Manglier 1727. a Mango 1275. a TMango 867. c, 1069, a Mango, Mountain 523. a Maseuotes (Mangostine) 67 ©. *Mangostana 867 Mangosteen 867. c Mangrove 1727. a {Mangrove 526. b Mangrove, Black 223. a Mangrove, Olive 223. a Mangrove, White 1130, a, 223, b Mangrove, Zaragoza 557. a Mangue 1727. a Mani 1352. a Manicou 219. a Manila-nut !68.a Manioc (Mandioc) 1276. b Manna 845, b, d Manna, Australian 790.i,j,k Manna, Briangon 1138, b Manna, Jew’s 1955. b Manna, Lebanon 419, a +Manna of Sinai 70. a Manna, Persian 70. a Manna, Tamarisk 1955. b Mannstreu 781. b Man’s-mother-wort 1735. « Mantil 1641. d Manzauilla romana 145. c Manzanillo 1007. a Manzanita 176 MAPLE, species 16 Maple, Ground 1000. b Maple, pages 16. g, also 16. a - By Maple, Vine 1306. a Maple-flower 248. a Marany-nut 1829, a Marasca 1668. @ Maraschino 1668. e Marble-flower 1497. d March (Merch) 158. a, b March, Wood 1775. a March-and-May 167. a Marcory 1914. a Mardling 1159 Mare’s-tail 1008. «, 1174. a, 06. ¢ Marg 145. b *Margacola 2027 Margaret 248. a Margeromie 1456. d Margosa 1299. a Marguerite 248, a, 482. d, v Mari veri herba 1973 ¢ Marian 362.e Marienblatt 482. a Marigold (Marygold) 344 Marigold, Bur- 263. f, g. bh Marigold, Corn 482. g Marigold, Fetid 720 Marigold, Field 482. g Marigold, French 1951. b Marigold, Marsh 355 Marigoid, Rayless 263. g Marigold, Water 263. d Marigold, Wild 482. g Marigold, African 1951. a Marjerim 1456. d Marjolaine 1456. c Ma-joram, Knotted 1456. c Marjoram, Pot 1456. d. }+Marjoram, Spanish 2067. c Marjoram, Sweet 1456. ¢ Marjoram, Winter 1456, d Mark-weed 1730. h Markerry 464. d, 1730 h Marking-nut 1829, a Marle 1318. a Marl-grass 2032. f, j Marmalade-box 880. » Marmalade tree 1228. a Marool 33. a Marronier 400 Mas row, Vegetable 614, b, 1546. ¢ Marrube blane 1281. a Marube noir (fétide) 230. a Marrubiastrum 1165. c Marrubii aquatici Herba 1242. b Marrubium foetidum 230, a Marrubium nigrum 230, a Marsh-beetle 2055. a Marsh-berry 1476. b 441. Marsh-locks, Purple 547, a Marsh-mallow 87. a Marsh-nut 1829, a Marsh-pestle 2055, a Marshwort 1476. b Martinoe 1284. a *Maruta 145 Marvel 1281.a Marvel-of-Peru 1335. Mary-bud 344, a Mary-buds 1711. ¢ Marzvielchen 2102. d Masliebenblume 248, a Mast tree 2.a Masterwort 982, a tMasterwort 135. b Masterwort, English 48. a Masterwurt, Imperial 1058. a, 209. a Masterwort, Wild 48. a Mastic, Algerine 1605. b Mastic, Barbary 16v5. b Mastic, Bombay 1605. c,d Mastic tree 1605. a, 1849. a Mastic-tree, Peruvian 1799. a Mastich, Herb 1994. d Mastich, False 215, a Mastix 1605. a *Mastocarpus 887 Mata perro 1282. u, 1672. a Maté 1U53.e Mater secalis 512. a Mathas, Red 44. b Mathes 145. b Matfelon (Mater-filon) 423. d Matico 1602. a TMatico 8U2. f, 2113. b Maticoblatter 1602. a Matitas 7.d *Matonia 742 *Matourea 1350 Matricaire 482. f *Matricaria 115. b, 482 Matrimony 1234. a Matrimony vine 1237, ¢ Matrisilva 201. b Mattenkraut 1153. f Maudlin 482, a Maudlin, Water 802. ¢ Maudlinwort 482. e Mauerepheu 961. a Mauerpfefter 1824. a Maul (Muws) 1270. a Maulbeerbaum 1364, b Mauritius-weed 1789. b Mausdorn 1755, a Maunredhrchen 1005. f Mauve 1270. a, b,c Maw-seed 1497. d Mavroll 1281. a *Maximowiczia 1050 May 167. a, 2058. d May, Italian 1895. b May SPhie 1625 May-blub 355. a May-blossom 562. a May-bush 592. a May-flower 754. a, 612. a, b, 133, b, j, 379. ¢, 1693. a 1940. a May-pops 1515. ¢ May-star 2031, a May-wings 1638. c May-wreath 1895. b Mayeti, Luban 289. b 2 442 May+weed 145, b +May-weed 1285. a Mayweed, Fetid 145, b Maywort 863, e Mazzard 1668, e M’boundou 1923, h Mead-sweet 2057. a Meadow-beauty 1724, a ‘Meadow-bloom 1711. f Meadow-bouts 355. a Meadow-burs 1375. ¢ Meadow-parsnip, Early 2154, a Meadow-parsnip, Golden 2154, a Meadow-parsnip, Purple 1979. a Meadow-pride 844. a Meadow-queen 2057, a,1895.d Meadow-rvot 1202. a MEADOW-RUE, species 1976 Meadow-rue 1940. a Meadow-runagates 1249. u Meadow-sweet 2057. a }Meadow-sweet 1655. a, b Meadow-sweet, Common 1895. ¢ Meadow-sweet, Pink 1895.d Meadowwort 2057. a Meakin 1376 Meal-berry 176. f Meals (Mails, Miles) 464. a Mealy-tree 2095. i Meat-nut 400. ¢ Mecca Balsam 550. e Mechamech 1066. n Mechoacan 815. under b Mechoacanna 1066. n Meconium 1497. d *Meconopsis 1927 Meddow-soot 2057. a Medesiiss 2057. a MEDIC, species 1291 Medick 1291 *Medica 1291 Medlar 1318. a Medlar, Dutch 1318. a Medlar, English 1318, a Medlar, Japanese 769. a Medle tree 1318. a Meerlinsen 1214, ¢ Meerrettig 1742. a Meerthau 1744, a Meerzwiebel 2066. a Meeting-houses 166. a Meetru 240. ¢ Meg-Many-feet 1711. bh Meg-weed 1866. a *Megarrhiza 1325 Megerkraut 863.i Mehlbeerbaum 1875. ¢ Meiran, (Mayran) 1456. c Meisterwurz 10:8. a Mekilwort 219. a *Melaleuca 339 Melampodium 974. b Mélampyre 1296 *Melanogaster 2047. ¢ Melanthii semen 1411, b *Melanthium 479, 2007, 2089, 2159 : Melde, stinkender 464. i Méléze 1138, b Melge 464. a *Melicocca 817, 1042 *Melilobus 895 MELILOT, species 13C0 GENERAL INDEX. Melilot, Blue 2032.4 Mélilot officinal 1300. b Melilotenklee 1300, b *Melilotus 2032 Melilotus citrinus 1300. b Melilotus coeruleus 2032. a *Melissa 520, 960 Melissa citrata 1302. a Mélisse officinale 1302, a *Melissophyllon 1303 *Melittis 1251 Melmot berries 1099. b *Melo 613. a MELON,varieties 613. a Melon shrub 1867. 1 Melon tree 383. a Melonenbaum 383. a Ménisperme du Canada 306. a *Menispermum 117, 357, 416, 581, 1090 Mentha acuta 1308. j Mentha romana 482, a, 1308. j Mentha saracenica 482. a Menthe de chats 1399, a Menthe de cheval 1348. b Menthe poivrée 1308. g Menthe pouliot 1308. h Menthe verte 1308. j Menthe-coq 482. a Menthol 1308. a, b, § *Mentzelia 794 Ményanthe 1310. a *Menyanthes 302, 1197 *Menziesia 319, 1576 Mequot 1831. a Mercuriale 1312 Mercurio-vegetal 317. a Mercury, Baron’s 1312.b Mercury, Black 1730. h Mereury, Boy’s 1312. b Mercury, Dog’s 1312. b Mercury, English or False 464. d Mercury, French 1312. a Mercury, Girls 1312. b Mercury, Maiden 1312. b Mercury, Scotch 677. a Mercury, Three-seeded 9 Mercury, Vegetable 317. a Mercury, Wild 464. d Mercury-dockan 464, d Mercury-weed 9. a Mermaid, False 836 Mermaid-weed 1663 *Merostachys 232. q Merry (Black) 1668. e *Mertensia 1623 Mescale buttons 1224. a *Mesembryum 1316 Mesenna 64. a *Mespilus 96, 185, 584, 592, 769, 997, 1875 Mesquit (Mesquite) 1664. a,c Messmate tree 790. r *Metagonia 2075 Metalista root 1335. 2 *Metopium 173 *Meum 839 Mew 1823.a Mexico-seed 1785. a Mezcal 56. ¢ Mézéréon 644, ¢ Mezereon, American 689.8 Mezereon, U.S. P. 644.a,b,¢ Mezquite (Meskit) 1664, a Micken 1323.8 *Micrageratum 2027 *Micromeria 1789 *Micropus 905, 1677, 1926 *Microseris 1687, 1818 *Microstylis 21 Midsummer-men 1824, ¢ Miere, rothe 116. a MIGNONETTE, species 1717 Mignonette, Jamaica 1148.0 Mignonette-vine 1259. a *Mikania 2119 Milchkraut 893. Milfoil 18 Milfoil, Water 1876 Milfoil, Water 242. a ilium solis 1214, ¢ Milk-grass 2078. a Milk-the-cows 586, a Milk-tree 315. b, 1946, a Milk-vetch 208 Milk-vine 1544. a Milkmaids 379, ¢ MILKWEED, species 195 {Milkweed 17, 160. a, b, 196, 803. a, h, 1871. b, ¢ Milkweed, Marsh 802. j Milkweed, Running 2101. a Milkweed, Trumpet 1125. a Milkweed, Wandering 160.2 MILKWORT, species 1638 Milkwort, Sea 893. a Milky-dickles 1871. b,c Milky-tassels 1871. b, c Mill-mountain 1208. a *Milla 131 Millefeuille 18. a Millefolium 18. a Millepertuis 1043. b *Milleria 834 Millet 1496. a Millet, African 1876. b Millet, Australian 1876. a Millet, Black 1876. b Millet, Broom corn 1496, a Millet, Cat-tail 1531. a Millet, East Indian 1531. a Millet, Egyptian 1531, a, 1876. a Millet, German 447, a Millet, Golden 447. a Millet, Hungarian 447. a Millet, Indian 1876. b Millet, Italian 447. a Millet, Morocco 1876. a Millet, Pearl 1531. a, 1876. b Millet, White 1300. a Millet, Yellow 1300. b Milo 1987. 1 Milsilvestre 1222. b Milt-waste 441, a Mimosa 31, 1182 *Mimosa 7, 751, 1248, 1361, 1608, 1664 Mimosae gummi 7. k, ete Mimosen-gummi 7. k, ete *Mimulus 684, 800 Mingwort 187. b Minnie-bush 1811. a MINT, species 1308 Mint, Balm 1302. a Mint, Bergamot 1308. ¢ Mint, Cock 482. a Mint, Field 1399, a eo species 1 NUMBERS REFER TO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE. Mint, Mountain 520. b, 1348. a, 1456. d Mint, Rock 1973. £ Mint, Squaw 960. a Mint, Stone 616. a Mint, Wild 63. ¢ Minze, griine 1308, j Miraculous-berry 1849. b Mire-blob 355. a Mirrot 651. a Mirtle (Mirtil) 1380. a Mishmee bitter 567. a Misseltoe (Miseltoe) 2105. a Missey-moosey 1875, a Mist 935, a Mist-flower 802. e Mistel 2105, a _ Mistletoe 1226 Mistletoe, American 1572 Mistletoe, European 2105. a Mistress-of-the-night 1635. a *Mitreola 682 Mitrewort, Common 1337,a Mitrewort, False 1997, a Mitrewort, Two-leaved 1337. a Moccasin-flower 636. a, etc Mocker-nut 1004, a Mock-willow 1895. ¢ Modesty 1003. i, 327, a Mogdad-kattee 396. i Mogford 187. s Mohawk-weed 2073. a Mohn 1497, d Mohre 651. a Mohwa tree 240. b Mole plant (Mole tree) 803.g Moléne 2090. b Molewort, Ajpine 167, a Molette 329. a *Molle 1799 Mollipuff 1233, a *Mollugo 896 Molompi 1682. b Molucca grains 606, h *Momordica 724, 1232, 1825 *Monarda 270 Ménchspfeffer 2107. a Mondkorn, Candisches 1306, a Monesia bark 1228. ¢ Monesiarinde 1228. c Money-grass 1726, a Money-plant 1234, a Moneywort 1249. a Moneywort, Prairie 1904. a Monkey 25. i Monkey-bread 32, a Monkey-face tree 1267. a Monkey-flower 636, d, e, 1333 Monkey-grass 220. b Monkey-nut tree 1999. a Monkey-pot tree 1152. a Monkey-puzzle 171. b Monkey’s dinner-bell 1029. a Monkey’s-face 2102. f Monk’s-head 1959, a Monkshood 25. esp. i Monkshood 262, b onnayére 1249. a *Monnieria (Moniera) 780 *Monothrix 1136 *Monotropa 1046, 1684. *Monotropion 1356 *Montia 613 Moodooga oil 331. a Moon Creeper 1066. h Moon-berry 1476. b Moon-fern 290. a Moon-flower 1066. h, 482, v, 1310. a tMoon-flower 133. g Moon-penny 482. e Moonog 1476. b Moonseed, Canada 1306 Moonseed, Carolina 416. a Moonseed, Red-berry 416. a Moonshine 12i. a, 904. a Moonwort 290. a, b Moor 350. a Moor-grass 1, a, 707. a Moor-pawme 774 Moorva 33. a Moorwort 123. a, 707, a Moos, irlindisches 477. a Moos, isliindisches 442. a Moose-berry (Moose-bush) 095. a Moose-misse 1875, a Moose-wood 689. a, 16. c Moosebeere 1476. b *Moquinia 906 Morass-weed 433. a Morel, Great 219, a Morelle 1867. 0 Morelle a grappes 1585, bh Morelle furieuse 219. a Morelle srimpante 1867. j Morgan 145. Morgan, Dutch 482. e Morgeline 2094. i Mormon-weed 6. a Morning-glory 1066. i, j, k Morning-glory, Dwarf 063.d Morning-glory, Red 1702. a Morocco, Red 44. b Morrel 1867. j Mortilication-root 87. a *Morus 316 Moschatel 46. a Moschatenuss 1377. b *Moschoxylon 2026 Moschuskraut 1973. ¢ Moschuswurzel 828. h Mosquito-bells 693. a Moss, Bear 1649. a Moss, Beard 2070, a Moss, Besom 1649. a Moss, Black 2001, a Moss, Canary 1150, b, 1739.0 Moss, Clubfoot 1240. a Moss, Corsican 1889, a Moss, Cypress 1240, d Moss, Ditch 1566. a Moss, Dyer’s 1739. a Moss, Fir 1240. ¢ Moss, Florida 2u01. a Moos, Flowering 1569. e, 1700. a, 1824. g Moss, Golden 492. a, b, 1649. a, 1824, a Moss, Ground 1026, b,1649. a Moss, Hair-cap 1649. b Moss, Hanging 2001. a, 2070, a Moss, Iceland 442. a +Moss, Iceland 1824. k Moss, Idle 2070. a Moss, Irish 477. a, 887. +Moss, Irish 803. b Moss, Kentucky 1656. u Moss, Long 20u1. a 443 Moss, Maple 2070. a Moss, May-queen 1649, b Moss, Mountain 1824, a, 1825. ¢ , Necklace 2070, a New Orleans 2001. a , Pear] 477. a Pyxie 1700. a Rock 1824. g , Rose 1656. a Running 1240. a Sea 887 , Spake 1240. a Spanish 2001. a Staghorn 1240. a , Tartarean 1150. b , Tree 803. b, 1240. g, 2070. a Moss, Wall 1824 Moss, Worm 1889. a Moss-berry 1476, b Moss-bush 397 Moss-cup 774 Moss-milion 1476. b Moss-plant 397 Mote nut 378. b Mother cloves 796. a Mother-die (Dother-dee) 148. a 48. Mother of Rye 512 a Mother-of-thousands 629. a, 1792, a Mother of Thyme 520, u, d, 1994 1a Mother of Wheat 1296. a, 2094. i Mother’s-heart 329. a Motherwort 1165, 802. j Motherwort, Golden 904. b Motherwort, Hoarhound 1165. ¢ Motherwort, Stinking 464. i Mottenkraut 2032. d Mountain ASH, species 1875 Mountain-fringe 42. a Mountain-snow 803. i Mountain-sweet 415. a Mourning-bride 1794, b Mourning-widuw 1794. b Mouron rouge 116. a Mouse-bur 1284. a Mouse-ear 1373, 904. ¢ Mouse-ear, Virginia 1137, b Mouse-ears 981. b Mouse-milk 803, d Mouse-tail 1374 Mouse-thorn 423, b yrousebane 25. i Mousse de Corse 1889, a Mousse d’ Islande 442, a Mousse perlée 477. a Moussena 64. a Moutan (Meu-tang) 1488. a Moutarde blanche 1836. a Moutarde des moines 1742.a Moutarde noire 303, d Mouth-root 557. b Moving-plant 1294. b Moxa 968. a Moxa plant 187. m Moxie-berry 468. a Mozemize, Indian 1875. u Muatta-pana 338. a Muck-weed 464. a, 1657. b Mudar 354. a, b Mudweed 1203 444° Mudwort 1203 Muflier 151. a Muggert 187. 8 Mugget (mugwet) 201. b Muguet 562. a Mugweed, Golden 863. ¢ Mugwort 187.k,8 Mugwort, Indian 1513, a Muira-puama 716, a MULBERRY, species 1364 +Mulberry 1750. a, g, k, 1875. ¢ Mulberry, Bermuda 347, « Mulberry Blite 273. a Mulberry, Dwarf 1750. f Mulberry, French 347. a Mulberry; Indian 1359 Mulberry, Paper 316. a Mulberry, Tahiti 316. a *Mulgediam 1125 Mullein 2090, 1660, d MULLEN, species 2090 Mullen, Pretty 1660. d Mullen, Sage-leaf 1568. a Mulo 1987. 1 Mungo 1446. a *Mungos 1446 Munjeet 1749. a Murg 145. b Marier 1364. b Murrain-berry 320. b, 1956.a *Murraya 449 Muruxi bark 334. a Muscade 1377, b Muscatellersalbei 1769. d Muscovy Musk 777. b Musenna (Mussena) 64, 4 Mushroom 53 Mushroom, Fairy-ring 1278. a Mushroom, Poisonous 90, « Musk 46. a, 75. a Musk, Vegetable 1333. a Musk-deer plant 1201. a Musk-flower 1333. a Musk-plant 1270. e, 1333. a Musk-root 828. h, 46. a Musk-seed 1003, a Musk-tree, Silver-leaved 1431. a Musk-wood 2026. b Muskatnuss 1377. b Muskrat-weed 1976. d Musquash-root 495, b Musquash-weed 1976. d MustTakD, varieties 308. a, c, d, 1856 yMustard, Black 1712. a Mustard, California 1860, a Mustard, Dish 1989. a Mustard, False 1633 Mustard, Garlic 74. a Mustard, Hedge 1860. a, 235. a Mustard, Mithridate 1989. a, 1168. ¢ Mustard, Orange 782. a Mustard, Poor-man’s 74. a Mustard, Tower 167.c TREE Treacle 782. b, 661. Mustard, White 1856. a Mustard, Wormseed 782. b Mustard-seed, Black 303. d Mustard-seed, Yellow or White 1856, a Mustard-shrub 374. ¢ GENERAL “INDEX. Mustard-tree 1768. a Mutterharz 828. ¢ Mutterkorn 512. a Mutterkraut 482. f Mutterkiimmel 615. a Mutterwurzel 1323. a Mutton-tops 464. a My-lady’s-belt 2057. a Myall 7. g *Myagrum 361, 1180 *Mylitia 2047. £ *Mylocaryum 519 *Myosotis 1137, 1609 Mypes 1516. a *Myrica 551 Myrica, oil of 1594, a Myrciené] 1594. a *Myrcia 1594 +*Myristica 2103 Myrobalanan 322. b, d Myrobalanen, graue 1575. Myrobalange 322 b,d Myrobalans, Chebulic 322. d Myrobalans, Emblic 1576. b *Myrobalanus 322 *Myrospermum 2008 *Myroxylon 2008 Myrrh (Myrrha. Myrrhe) 550. d +Myrrh 1378. a *Myrrhis 901, 2115 Myrte 1380. a Myrte, brabanter 1375. c Myrtilli fructus (Myrtilla) 2075. a Myrtillorum baccae 2075. a MYRTLE, species 1380 . +Myrtle 2100. b Myrtle, Bog 1310. a, 1375. ¢ Myrtle, Blue 415. ¢ Myrtle, Bridal 1380. a Myrtle, Burren 176. f,1375.¢ Myrtle, Candleberry 1375.b Myrtle, Common 1380. a Myrtle, Cranberry 1380. ¢ Myrtle, Cape 1127. ¢ Myrtle, Devonshire 1375. ¢ Myrtle, Dutch 1375. ¢, 1380.a Myrtle, Jew’s 1755, a, 1380.a Myrtle, Lime 2038. a’ Myrtle, Moor 1375. ¢ Myrtle, Running 2100. b Myrtle, Sand 657 Myrtle, Shepherd’s 1755. a Myrtle, Sweet 26. a Myrtle, Wax 1375. a Mirtle, Wild 1755. 9 *Myrtoleucodendron 339 *Myrtus 118, 796, 1594 Mysterious plant 644. ¢ *Myxa 2085 Nabelkraut 586. a Nachtschatten, schwartzer 67. 0 Nachtkerze 1486. a Nailwort 702, 1506, 778. a Naked-ladies 534. a Naked-weed 474. a *Nama 705 *Napi (Nania) 1321 Napny-berry (Nanny-bush) 2095. ¢, 1 +Nanny- berry 2095. e Nap-at-noon 1458.a, 2016, a Nape 303. b Naphae flores 506. c Napoleons 2032, i Naranjilo 2136. g Narcisse des prés 1385. a Narcisse, gelbe 1385. a Narcissus, Poets’ 1385. e Nard 1886. a Nard, Américain 170. c, e Meee coe Nard, “cettfe 2077, Nard, Wild 194. f Nard-grass 129. ¢ *Nardosmia 1548 Nardus 2077. a Nardus americana 170. ¢,e Nardus indica 1386. a Nardus rustica (silvestris) 194. f *Narthecium 1, 2007 *Narthex 828 Naseberry 20. a *Nasmythia 771 Natterkopf 731. a Natterwurz 1641, e Natural-grass 1291. ¢ Nature’s-mistake 576. f Nasturtii pratensis herba 379. ¢ Nasturtium (Nasturtion) 2044. a *Nasturtium 1742 *Nastus 232. r *Nauclea 1473 Naughty-man’s-plaything 2067. a Naupie 1488. b *Nautea 1981 Navelwort 586, 1033. ¢ Navelwort (Water) 1376 Navette, Wild 303. b Navew 303. b Nebbuk tree 2155. h Nebneb 7. a *Neckeria 372 Necklace-tree 1457. a Necklace-weed 1442. a, 28. a Neckweed 2094. j Neckweed (Nickweed) 370.a *Nectandra 1424 Nectarine 111. b Neele 1220. a Neezewort 2089. « Negro-head 1584. a Negro-vine 2101. a *Negundo 16. b *Neillia 1448 Nelkenpfeffer 1594. b Nelkenwurz 885. d Nelkenzimmt 674. a *Nelumbium 1391 *Nemopanthus 1054 Nénuphar blane 399, « Nénuphar jaune 1420. b *Neobeckia 1742 *Neottia 936, 1538 *Nepeta 894” Nephritic plant 1513. b *Nephrodium 712 Nuprun purgatif 1721, d *Nerium 2127 Neroli, oil 506, ¢ Nerve-root 636. a, ete Nerve-root, Water 195. b Nervine, Female 636. f Nervine, Male 636. d, e ee 652, 963 est-root 1356. a Neeree, species 2067, 2068 NUMBERS REFER TO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE. Nettle, Bee 861, a, 1132. a Nettle, Blind 1132. a Nettle, Canada 2068 a Nettle, Day 1132. a, ¢ Nettle, Deaf 1132. ¢ Nettle, Dog 861. a, 1132. ¢ Nettle, Dumb 1132. a Nettle, Dunny 280. a 1132.a Nettle, Flowering 861. a, 1132. a Nettle, rents 1182, ¢ NETrLz, HEMP, species 861 Nettle, Sand 1091, a Nettle, Spurge 1091 Nettle, Stingless 41. a, 1132, a Nettle, White 1132. a Nettle, Wood, 2068. a Nettle-berry 422. b Nettle-potato 1914. a Nettle-tree 422, 2019. a Networt 1528, a Neugewiirz 1594, b *Newberrya 979 Ngai 275. a Ngmoo 714. b *Nicandra 1579 Nicaragua wood 328. b Nicker-nut (Nickar-nut) a, Nicker (Nickar) tree 930. a Nicotiane 1410. *Niebubria 2116 Niepa bark 1770 *Nieremborgia 1175 Niesswurz 974. b,c Niesswurz, gelbe 567. h Niesswurz, weisse 2x), a Nigella, Field 61. a Niger-seed 925, a Nigger-head 1751. ua, 1865, uv Nigger-toes 257. a Nigger-weed 802. j Nightingales 189, a {Nightshade 464. f Nig! rat American 1585, b Nightshade, Beaked 1867. v Nightshade, Bindweed 601.a Nightshade, Black 1867. 0 Nightshade (Climbing) 1867. j 867. j Nightshade, Common 1867.0 Nightshade, Deadly 219, a Nightshade, Enchanter's 501 Nightshade, Fetid 1041. b Nightshade, Garden 1867. 0 Nightshade, Silver-leaved Nightshade, Sleeping 219, a Nightshade, Woody 1867. j pre Yellow-flower- ed 2 Nim (Neem) ied 1299. w Nimble-Kate 1845. a Nine-bark 1448 Ninety-knot 1641. d Ninsin 1595. c tNinsin 1493. b *Niobe 851 ¥*Niota 1770. a *Niouttout £50 Nipplewort, Dwarf 183. a Nit-weed 1786. a Nitta tree 1503. a Noah’s-ark 636. a, etc Noble-pine 466. b *Nochetta 493 Nohu 2024. a Noisetier 579 *Noisettia 123 Noix @arec 177. a Noix de galle 1704. n Noix de Kola 633. a Noix de sassafras 1390. u, b Noix muscade 1377. b Noix vomique 1923. d Nombril de Vénus 586. a Nonda tree 1500. b Nondo 1193. a None-so-pretty 185]. a, 2102. f *None-so-pretty 12loa None-such 1236. b None-such (Black) 1291. c Noni 1359. ¢ Noon-flower (Noon-tide) 2016. b Noonday-flower 2016. b Nosebleed 18. a, 2036. b Nosegay tree 1621. a, b *Notaphoebe 1546 Notchweed 464, i Noyer gris 1096, a Noyer commun 1095, d Nuces catharticae 618. a Nuces nucietae 1377. b Nuces vomicae 1923. d Nunonari 977, a Nunqua (Nutqua) 1831. a Nun’s whipping-post 91. b Nuns i022, a *Nuphar (Nyphar) 1420 Nurse-garden 1269, a Nut-grass 685. b Nut-pine 1601. e, g, ete Nutgalls 1704, n, 0 Nutmeg 1377.a Nutmeg, American 1352, a Nutmeg, Calabash 1342, a Nutmeg, False 2050. a Nutmeg, Guinea 1352. a Nutmeg, Jamaica 1352. a Nutmeg, Mexican 1352. a Nutmeg, Peruvian 1142.4 Nutmeg-fower 1411. b Nutmeg tree, Brazilian 09. a Nutmeg tree, California 2050. a Nutmegs, Long 1377. ¢ Nutmegs, Male 1377. c Nutmegs, Wild 1877. c Nutta tree 1503. a Nuttal tree 579. ¢ Nuttall’s-weed 571, a *Nuttallia 348, 1462 Nuttre 579. ¢ Nux euboea 1096. d Nux metella 1923. d Nux moschata 1377. b Nux persica 1096. d Nux regia 1096. d Nux vomica 1923. d Nyapana 802, m *Nyctago 1335, see 1419 Nyctelea 1256. ymphaea 399, 1391 *Nymphoides 1197 *Nymphozanthus 1420 Oak, species 1704 Oak, Australian 405 Oak, Golden 647. b Oak, Ground 1973. b 445 Oak, Indian 1981. a Oak? Jerusalem 464, c, e Oak; Poison 1730, h, i,j Oak} Sea 849. b Oak, Silk (Silk-bark) 917. a Oak, Swamp 405. a Oak-apples 1704. n Oak-balls 1704. o Oak-plum 1704. w Oak-warts 1704. n *Oakesia 570, 2073 Oats, Common 221.4 Oats, Wild 2073 Oats, Water 2153. a Obedient-plant 1681. a Obier 2095, d Oblionkers 50. b *Obolaria 1350 Occulus Christi 1769. d Ochsenzungenkraut 124. a *Ocotea 1390 Ode 1071. a Odermennig 59. u *Oenanthe 147) *Oenocarpus 1454 *Oenothera 142, 278, 490,864, 872, 907, 1107, 1293, 1313, 1436, 1485, 1890, 1960 tOenothera 1147 Oignon commun 76. c Oha-wai 617. a Qhelo 2075. f, g Ohia 1086. b Oil, Artists’ 69. a Oil} Bay Laurel 1144. a Oil, Ben 1360. a, b Oil, Cade 1099. c Oil, Haarlem 1099. c Oil, Katchung 168. a Oi, Kekune 69. a Oil, Keora 1495. a Oil, Lumbang 69. a Oil, Madia 1260. a Oil of Bays 1144. a Oil, Olive 1430. a Oil, Red 1043. b Oil, Rose Geranium 1526. b, c Oil, SapuCayE 1152. b Oil; Siringa 1001. b Oil Sweet 1430. a Oil; Tambor 1434, b Oil-nut 1096, a, 1698. u, 1736. a Oil-plant 1837. a Oil-seed $25, a, 1735. a Oil-seed, Siberian 361. a Oily-grain 1837, a Okra (Ochro) 1003. Okra, Wild 1264 Olcott-root 1753. h Old-field Sweet 206. d Old-goose 636. a, ete Old-maid’s-bonnets 1235 Old-maid’s-nightcap 383. « Old-man 187. a, 1744, a Old-man’s-beard 469. a, 514, d, 1792, a, 2001. a Old-man’s-flannel 2090. b Old-man’s-pepper 18. a Old-man’s-play thing 1595. b Old-man’s-root 170. e Old-man’s-woozard 614. d Old-sow 121. a, 2032. d Qld-wives-mutches 25, i Old-woman, 187.b Old-woman’s-bitter 1961. a 446 *Oldenlandia 1022, 1535 *Olea 1470 OLEANDER, species 1403 *Oleander 1403 Oleander, Wild 662. a Oleander, Yellow 1988, a Oleaster 1430. a Oleaster-tree, Wild 1166.a,b Oleum templinum 1601. m Oliban 289, a . Olibanum 289. a Olibanum, Indian 289, d *Oligogyne 1941 Olive 1430 Olive, American 1470, b Olive, Fragrant 1470. a Olive, Spurge 644. c Olive, Wild 1344. a fOlive, Wild 2138. a Olive, Wild (of California) 2059. a Olive-tree, Wild 1166. a, b Ollick 76. 4 Olonier 172. b Olsenitii radix 1554, d Ombéné 583. a Ombligo de Venus 1033, ¢ *Omphalium 1435 Onagre (Onaye) 1919. a Onagre 1436. u Onani 1362. a One-berry 1836. a, 1501. a, 422, a One-blade (One-leaf) 2061. u One-o'clock 1959. a Onion 76. ¢c Onion, Bog 181. b fOnion, Bog 1471. b Ouion, Crow 76. j Onion, Gypsy 76. h Onion, Sea 2066. a Onion, Shore 76. f Oodbine 1222. b Oonshine 506. 1 *Ophelia 1933 *Ophelus 32 *Ophiorhiza 632 *Ophrys 936, 1176 Opium 1497, d Opium, Lettuce 1125, f Opium, Wild 1125, a *Qplotheca 848 Opobalsamum 550. e Opopanax 1447, a tdpopanax 7a Opossum tree 1210. b *Opuntia 1415 Orach 128. esp, f Orache (Orage) 218. f ORANGE, varieties 506. ¢, d, @, | Orange, Mock 1564. a, 1668. f, 324. b, 1929. b Orange Mock 13825. ¢ range, Osage 2011. a Orange, Quito 1867, m Orange, Spring 1929. c Orange, Vegetable 613. a Orange, “ d 506. c, 170. f, 6 1668. Orange, Wild 2136. ¢ Orange-blossom 2036, b Orange-flower tree 1564, a Orange-grass 1786, a Orange-root 1032. a, 195. d Orange-root, Climbing 421.a Orcanet, Garden 124, a GENERAL INDEX. Orcanette 73. a Orchard weed 148. c Orchil 1150, b Orchil (Orchella) 1739. a *Orchis 113, 938 Orchis, Adder’s-mouth 163 30. a Orcbis, Crane-fly 2004. a Orchis, Cuckoo 1450. d Orchis, Flaming 938. g Orchis, Fringed 938. c,d,e,g Orchis, Male 1450. d Orchis, Man- 1450. d Orchis, Marsh 1450. a Orchis, Purple 1450. g Orchis, Showy 1450. g Orchis, Spring 1450. g Orchis, Tree 753 Ordealbohne 1582. a Oreille de liévre 327. a Oreille de souris 1005. f Orellana 266, a *Oreodaphne 1424, 2059 *Oreophila 1487 *Oreoselinum 1058, 1554 Organ (Organy, Orgament) 1456. d Organy 1308. h Orge 1019 Oriental-berries 117.4 Origan 1308, h Origan vulgaire 1456.d Origano 1209. b Origanum 1456. d *Origanum 1111 Origanum, American 1348.b Orl 79 Orlean 266, a Orleana 266. a Orme a trois feuilles 1681. a Orme chainpétre 2058. d Orme fauve 2058. f Orme pyramidal 2058. d *Ornithogalum 1047 *Ornus 845 *Orobanche 558, 1170, 1974 Orobanche de Virginie 1170. a *Orobus 1140 Oronge, Fausse 90. a Orphan-John 1824, ¢ Orpies 1824. c Orpine, American 1824. d Orpine, Garden 1824, ¢ Orris-root 1068. a, b, ¢ Orseille 1150. b Ortie blanche 1132, a Ortie brulante 2057, a Ortie rouge 1900. a Orungurabie 714, b Osage 2011. a Oseille commune 1753. a Ossille de Guinée 1003. g Osha 1193. b Osier 1764. a, 1, m Osier, Golden 1764, a, 1875 ¢ Osier, Green 576, a, e Osier, Red 576. b, i Osier, White 1189. b *Osmorrhiza 901, 2115 Osmund, Royal 1471. b ee *Oamunda 290 Oso-berry 1462 Osterich 1641.e Osterleiwurzel, feste (volle) 372. a Osterluzei 182. a,c, e Ostritzwurz (Ostranz) 058. a Ostruthii radix 10F8. a Oto 541. a Otoba butter 1377. d *Ottonia 1602 Ottwurz 1062. a Quabe 1434, a Quler, Sea 1875. ¢ Our-Lady’s-seal 1639. c, d Ouvirandra 164 Ova-ova 1356. a Owl’s-crown 886, a, 904. b Owler 79 Owm 2058. d Ox-balm 539. b Ox-berry 1956. a Ox-eye 965. a, 972, 44. 0 Ox-eye, Sea 287. a Ox-eye, White 1482. e Ox-eye, Yellow 482. g Ox-heal 974. a Ox-tongue 124. a, 1591 Oxadoddy 1171. a Oxford-weed 629. a Oxlip 1660. b Oxwort 1548. a *Oxybaphus 75 Oxylapathi radix 1753. e *Oxys 1475 *Orytenanthera 232. 5 *Oxytropis 169 Oyster plant (Oyster root) 2016. a +Oyster-plant 1623. a Oyster-plant, Spanish 1815.a *Pachyma 12 *Pachypodium 1983 Paddock-cheese 199. a, 1238. a Paddock-pipes 758. c, 1008.a Padelion 65. b *Paepalanthus 717 Pagle (Pagil, Pargle) 1660. b, d 660. b, Pagoda tree 1621. b, c, 1874. a tPaigle 1711. ¢ Pain de coucou 1475. a Pain de porceau 625. a Pain de sucre 119. a Pain des grenouilles 72. a Pain des singes 32. a Paina 1578. b Paint-brush 1043. f Paint-brush, Devil’s 1005. a Paint-brush, Flora’s i005. a Paint-brush, Indian 403. a, etc Paiut-root, Indian 937. a PAINTED-CUP, species 403 Painted-grass 1559. a Painting plant 1214. a Pa-koo 889. a Pakoe-kidang 84. a, 669. a Paku-kidang 84. .a, 669. a *Palala 1377 *Palafoxia 1646 Palas tree 331. a Palay 2127. a Palewort 1711. f Pali-mara 85. b Palixander (Palisandre) 082. f NUMBERS REEFUR TO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAQE ae 2046, 0 Palin, Bast 220, b Palm, Brown 220. b, 10,9 Pali, Cabhage ty a Palo, Chip-hat (900, a Pala, Cohtune 22 Valu, Coraso 22 Baty, Date tote a Tatu, Man lsd. a Valu, Fern 628 Vato, Uf (ea, a Valin, Lyory losds a Valu, Oi 280. 0 Valu, Palnyra ssa Palm, Royal Wak b Vala, Sage 182 ee Saye tay alm, Stay ol, b Valu, ‘Phateh to9o Yalu, Voddy 288, a Valu, Washington tia7, a VYahu, Wax id. a, ad, Pala Christ) 98s. a, TaWoa, be UT a Palmetto, Blue tsa Palmetto, Cabbage UST a Valmetto, Dwart 2h d Valetta, Royal tat, by tno, Valmette, Saw USst. a Palmotte, Sitk-top tod. b Valmette, Silvor-top IDO, a Ualmotto, Poras trays Valuyra Pala uss Valo de vaca Shi b Malommilor sto. b Palsy wort 83.4, bide. Bameroon bark 2020) b Canara free tb tls Panamariade 0 Panbotane bark Pauowko plant i70,b Pancakes asi. a *Paveraciiny tOt7 Raneomeohols Usa Vaniegrass tid Pandoum Sra, 4, EN Pansy 2to2 Vansy, Amertoan 2t02) ° Vanthomwood 8. a sTauceria TGs Bao Carviva Sooo a Vapaveris erraticd flores lWy7 eo Papaw (Caw oo BN Papaw, North American Sow Papaya Seo Papaybaum sss. a Uappet kraut Uta e Propple 4 evened) Gt, wv Vappoose-toot aia Papetoa S77 a Papyrus Ga. ¢ *Eapy rus Gs Paquererto (607, 8 Rarasceto bark roe, d Parasgrass 220. 0 Varasiut 270 a Paradise, Grains of WL dig Paradise plang G4. 0 Varadise treo IS ald Baraguae folur Was. k Paraguay tea, False 209.0 Paratha USsk a Parakresse 189) a Paralyseos radix 1660, d *Parapotalifora I86 Varaquet-bur 2041, a *Pardanthus 87) Parole brava to. a Varetra brava, False b Paveira brava, White ab Varelra brava, Yellow 3. 9 Variotvire 199 a Vavilla, Yellow (806, 0 *Pariuart (900 *Parisotte ldots a Varitory, Wall Hao. a Vark-lewves (OM. a *Pavkoriay At *Varkinsoula 18 *Paruwella ah Varnassus, Grass of 1505 Parsil 1862. 0 Varsimon 6st, 0 Varsloy tas. b, 1582.0 Varsloy, Ass ata, FS. o Farsley, Reonkeod tds, b Varsley, Coney (i.e Parsley, Cow tse Varsloy, Dovills Lis. e Parsley, Dog's Stn Varstoy, alse ta Parsley, Moots tox Varsloy, GQurdou i832. a Varsley, tMedgo ttt Varsloy, Hemlock oot Varsloy, Horse i860. a Varsloy, Macedonian tsod.s Varsley, Marsh tas. a, tao bd Varsteoy, Mountain taade Parstoy, Polsou aan Varsloy, Rook Uda, 4 Varstey, Sand 100 Varsley, Sea bio. ay Pies oe Bersicn, Sheep s tase Varsley, Spottod Yi. a, aya. fCarstoy, Water 130. a Varsley, Welsh sto. a Parsley, Wild 138, a, (866.4, Tht Varsloy-breakstoue 65, a Varsloy-plert 0). 9 Varsley -vlin a Parsnip (t acsuep) t6. a Varsuip, Cow ost Barsulp, Meadow Parsstr, Woeter, Wis Parsnip, Water 238 Parsnip, Witd aga ob, tsesca Parsousaud-clork 189. a *Parthonopsis DSs Vartridgesborey Isaelt, STO, Partridge berry, Mountain AS a Tartridge vine (60, a Vartridgeweod Sta b Pas Wave Ah a Casper ago. a PASQUESFEOW ER, speotes 1GYS Vassetlower 46 b Vassermige tberide Utds, d Vassevise sf. Vassevelours ta PASslON-FLOW ER, Species (sta Vassion-ving tots Vassious tddt e, US kK Passuke 2108 8 TMA 8 spocles M7 *Pastinnea WA7 Vastinaca aquatioa 1863, b Vastnip (Vasnet) (5tt. a Vatohoull (Patehouly) {H8lo a Paternostorerbseu a Vatlonco 1753. 9 *Pathouoe, Gurdon (733, k *Patsjottl tot Vauson (770. a *Pavonia td Pavot Ui97, Payot cornu S02. a Paws (ibe Pawpaw 108. a, 888 Poa, Boao ttt, a Pou, Rird-egie (856. a Poa, Budtalo zs. b, 2006, b Loa, Buttortly d22 Yoa, Canada 2090. v Poa, Chick 498. 0 Pou, Cottoo 198) a Voa, Common lb07, 4 Vea, Cow 2098) a Ven, Craw thitd Vea, Crow 2ovd, o Von, Crow. 747, a! Poa, gy ptinu 498, a Poa, Pvovlasting tht ate Vea, Garden or Hield (607.0 Vea, Ground to7 a Pou, Ground-squirrel 198, a oa, Heart ose. Von, Hoary 690, d Vea, Maash ttt b, © Ver, Meadow titted Ven, Milk Sse Pou, Morse ttt. d Vou, Partridge soe) Vea, Votate tat. a Vea, Rabbit soo, d Vea, Scurty iit, Vea, Soa or Seaside Utd. a Vea, Sousitive 896, fg Por, String (607, 4 Poa. Sugar (607. a Vea, Sweet Ube Yea, Trailing 17. a Vou, Turkey o90.d, 787 a Poa, Wild doa d, tht Boa, Wild Sweet d90, a Peoa-tree 183s. a Vea-ving Sta. a, 2096, b Voueh ttt. b Peach, Guineas t7st a Peach, Native Sasa Poach, Nogeo UTS. a Peach, Sierra Leone Usd. a Peach, Vine bisa Poach, Wild tbs Poach-wood 88s. b Feachwort tet a Veaglo 1660, b Peanut 168 Peanut, tla St3 a Peanut, Wild Sis Vear 1699. a ear, Alligator Lie. o Voar, (voeado Ute o Pear, Balsan ib Pear. Choke (Sa, 16090 8 Roar, Garlic O93) a Rear, Grape 8d b oar, Holy-ghost (46. o Voar, ludian o8. ¢ Pear, Juive a8. 6 448 GENERAL INDEX. Pear, May 96. ¢ Penny wort, Indian, 424.a *Periploca 977 Pear, Prickly 1449. esp. b Pennywort, Marsh 424,1033 Peritre 115. b Pear, Strawberry 438. b Pennywort, Thick-leaved PERIWINELE, species 2100 Pear, Sugar 96. b,c 424. a Perlgerste 1019. a Pear, Whitten (Whitty) *Pentaptera 322 Perlgraupen 1019. a 1875. € PEONY, species 1488 Perlhirse 1214. ¢ Pear-tree, Widbin 1875. c Pepillary 1652. | Perlmoos 477. a Pearl-plant 1214. a, ¢, Pepino 1867.1 Pernambuco-wood 338. b 1442. a Peponis semen 614. d Pernel, Orange-lily 116. a Pearl-weed 1761 Pensée sauvage 2102. £ Perpulut 2060. a Pearls-of-Spain 1368. a Pepper, African 377. b *Persea 674, 1424 Pearlwort 1341, 1761 Pepper, African Black 611.f Persian bark 1721. k Peat-weed 652. a Pepper, Ashantee 611. f *Persica 111. b Pecan (Peccan) 1004. h Pepper, Australian 706.c, Persicaria (Persicary) Pecan, Bitter 1004. b 1602. h 1641. 0 Pech, burgunder 2. a Pepper, Bete] 460. a Persicaria, Biting 1641.1 Pécher 111. b Pepper, Bird 377 Persicaria, Water 1641. a *Pecten 1796 +Pepper, Bird’s 1168. a, b Persicary, Garden 1641. m Pedelyon 65. b Pepper, Black 1602. ¢ Persil 158. b, 1552. a Pedery 7i4.a Pepper, Cayenne 377.b,c PERSIMMON, species 681 Pediculaire 1523 Pepper, Chicken 1711. a Persio 1150. f Pedicularis semen 656. d Pepper, Chili 377. a Pertimugget 863. a Pedis cati flores 144. a +Pepper, Chili 1799. a Peru-balsam 2008. a Pedlar’s-basket 629. a, Pepper, Cubeb 611. a, f Peruvian bark 498 92.a Pepper, Elephaut 460. d Pervenche 2100. a Peen-to 111. b Pepper, Garden 377. a Pesse 2. a Peepul tree 831. Pepper, German 64H. c Pesse d’eau 1608. a Peg-root 974. ¢ Pepper, Glenn 1168. ¢ Pestilence-weed 1548. a Peg-wood 801. c- Pepper, Goat’s 377. a Pestilencewort 1548. a Pegukatechu 7. b Pepper, Guinea 377. a, b, Pestilenzkraut 860. a *Pekea 393. a 611. f, 2140. a *Petalostemon 1118 Pellamountain 1973. d, Pepper, Jamaica 1594, b Peterschliissel 1660. d 1994. a Pepper, Japanese 2136. a,b Petersilge 158, b, 1552. a Pellas 1270. a Pepper, Java 611.a Petersilie 158. b, 1552. a Pellitory 115, esp. b, 482. f Pepper, Long 460. b, ¢ Petit chéne 1973. b, 2094. d Pellitory, American 1499. a Pepper, Melagueta(Mele- Petit nard 170.c Pellitory bark 2136. ¢ gueta) 101. g Petroselini fructus 158. b Pellitory, Bastard 18. d Pepper, Negro 2140. a *Petroselinum 158 Pellitory, European 18. d Pepper, Pod 377 Pettigree 1755. a Pellitory, German 115. a Pepper, Poor-man’s1168.c,e Petty-morrel 170, e, 1867. 0 Pellitory of Spain 115. b, Pepper, Red 377 Petty-rice 464. h 1058, a Pepper, Spanish 377. a *Peucedanum 134, 697, 1058, Pellitory-of-the-wall 1499.a Pepper, Tailed 611. a 1479, 1516, 1686 Pellitory, Wall 1499. a Pepper, White 1602. g, *Peumus 280 Pellitory, Wild 18. d 1189. b, 2139. a Pewterwort 758. b Pencil-flower 1928. a Pepper, Wild 644, c, 2036. f *Peziza 814 Pencil-tree 226. a Pepper-and-salt 767. a Pfaffenhitchen 801. c Pencil-wood 1099. e Pepper-and-shot 329. a Pfaffenpint 189. a Pepper-bush, Sweet 518.a Pfaffenrdhrchen 1959. a Fenghe ward) ambi 492:-a,-b Pepper-cress, Garden 1168.e Pfeffer, langer, 460. d Pen-gwyn 312.4 . Pepper-crop 1824. a Pfeffer, spanischer 377. a ier ye a5 Pepper-plant 329. a, 1641.1 Pfeffer, schwarze 1602. g 7 eRICIeTha Te Pepper-root 660 Pfefferkraut 1168. d, 1789. a enny-cress, Field 1989. a Pepper-shrub 1799. a Pfefferminze 1303. ¢ Penny-flower 1234. a . Pepper-tree 1799. a Pfennigkraut 1249. a Penny-grass 1033. d, 1726. a +Pepper-tree 706. a Pferdeminze 1348. b Penny-hedge 74. a Pepper-tree, Monk’s 2107. 4 Pferdfenchel 1427. c Penny-John 1043. b Pepper-vine 105, a Pferdfliegenstrauch 234. b toy ee 586, a Pepper-wood 2136. e Pferdschwanz 758 enny-mountain 1994. a Peppergrass 1168 Pfeilwurzel 1277. a ae (Penny-plates) Pepperidge 1421. ¢ Pfingstrose 1488. b o Pepperidge-bush 251. e Pfirsch 111. b Penny post 70 a Peppermint 1308. g Pflaume 1668. h Pentsowiakie 2100. b PADRE OH Saneese sEuea ier eae fs 1308. a, +Pennyroyal 1111. b iat i *Phalangi Pennyroyal, American A arn eo *Pharbinie 1068” pa 960. a SPpere Ort Mithridate *Pharnaceum 1839 Pennyreyal, Enropeaa "Peppermint trea 700. «t,he fehaseolan 1921 1308.h ” Peroe-muraille 1499, a *Phelipza 1974 Pennyroyal, False 1070 Perce-pierre 65, a Phellandrie aquatique Pennyroyal, High 616. a perley (Persel = a 1427. ¢ a Pennyroyal Mock 960. a ericlymenum 1222 *Phellandrium 142 Pennyroyal, Wild 1308. a *Perdicium 2042 Phellandrium 1137 ¢ Pennywort 586. a, 629. a, Peregil 158. b *Philibertia 1565 1422 Periparabo 1602. i, j Phlox, Garden 1569. ¢, f NUMBERS REFER TO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE, Phlox, Moss 1569. a Phlox, Woods 1781.4 Phlox, Yellow 782, a *Photinia 769, 997 Phthisic-weed 1072. w *Phu 2077 Phulwara 240, a *Phyllamphora 1398 Phyllitidis folia 1814. a *Phyllitis 1814 *Phyllostachys 232. t *Phymosia 1588 *Physalis 1187, 1279, 1706 *Physaloides 2122 Physic, Indian 1655. a, b, 160. b Physic-nut 618, a *Physocarpa 1448 *Physostegia 806 Physostigmatis semen a Pia plant 1947, a Piany (Pianet, Piney) 148%. b *Picea 2 Pichi 819, a Pichurimbohne 1390, a, b Pichury beans 1390, a, b Pick-cheese 1270. b Pick-veedle 777, b Pick-pocket 329, a Pick-purse 329. a,f1884. » Pick-tree 170. f Pickerel-weed 1650 jPickerel-weed 242, a, 1657 ‘Pickeringia 1051 Pickle-plant 1763. w Picotee 664. a *Picraena 1590 *Picramnia 1961 Picride 1591, b Picry 1730. bh Pie-marker 6. a Pie-plant 1728. e Pie-plant, Wild 1758. f Pic-print 6, a Pied d’alouette 656. c Pied de chat 144, a, 904 Pied-de-corneille 883, a Pied-de-lion petit 65. a Pied-de-veau 189. a Pig-grass 147, a Pig-nut 1004. c, 6, 659. a Pig-root 1861. a Pig-tail 863. a Pig-wrack 477. a Pigeon-berry 1585. b, 96. a, 170. b, 1396. a, 1750. a Pigeon-grass 2091. f Pigeon-root 513. ¢ Pigeon tree 170. f Pigmy-weed 2000 Pignon 1601, b Pigweed 91. esp. d, 464 +Pigweed 456, a Pigweed, Winged 626 *Pilea 41 Pilewort 760. u, 91. d, 830.a, 1820. b, ¢ Pili gossypii 912. ¢ *Pilicordia 2085 Piligan 1240. h Pillards 1019 *Pilosella 1005. f Piloselle 1005. £j Pilot-weed 1852, a Piment de Cayenne 377. b Piment de la Jamaique 1594. b Piment des jardins 377, a Piment rouge 377. a Piment royal 1375. ¢ Pimentary 1302. a Pimeuto 1594, b Pimpernel 2094, b *Pimentus 1594 Pimpernel 1667. a ‘imperuel, Blue 1821. c, 116. a Pimpernel, False or Bastard 426. a Pimpernel, Italian 1774. b Pimpernel, Red 116. a Pimpernel, Scarlet 116. u Pimpernel, Sea 99. a Pimpernel, Small 1695. b Pimpernel, Water 1772 Pimperniisse 1605. f Pimpinall 1774, b Pimprenelle 1774, ¢ Pin-ball 428, a PIN-WEED, species 1151 Pin-weed (Pin-grass) 777. a Pinang 177, a Pinckney bark 1597. a Piucushion 144. b, 1794, a Pincushion tree 2095. d Pindar 168, a Pink, species 1601 *Pine 119. a Pine, Amboyna 55. b Pine, Blister 2. b Pine, Cat 1587, a Pine, Festoon 1825, b Pine, Field 1026. a Pine, Fir 2, b Pine. Ground 1240, a, b, o tPine, Ground 63, a, b, 1786. a, 1973, a Pine, Kauri 65. a Pine, Moon-fruit 1240, e Pine, Norfolk Island 171. a eg Oregon 1674. a Pine, Prairie 1124. b Pine, Running 1240. a Pine, Screw 1495, a Pine, Silver 2, f Pine, Spiral 1240, ¢ Pine, Spruce 1587. b, 2046. a Pine, Strassburg 2, t Pine, Wax 55 Pine-apple 119. a Pine-barren Beauty 1700. u Pine-cbeat 1884. a eine-drops 1684, a Pine-needle 777, a Pipe-nut 1601. a Pine-sap 1046,a Pine-sap, Sweet 1357, a Pine-weed 1786. a Piney-varnish tree 2086, a Pinguio 312. a Pink, species 664 Piuk, Bearded 1200. a Pink, Boston 1781. a Pink, Carolina 1892. b Pink, Chimney 178l.a Pink, Clove 664. a Pink, Corn 6l.a Piuk, Cushion 1851. ¢,1908 a Pink. Dwarf French 1851. a Pink, Election 225. a Pink, French 423. e, 1908. a 7Pink, Grass 1200, a 449 Pink, Ground 1569. @ Pink, Hedge 1781. a Pink, Indian 1892. b, 1286.4, 1638. c, 1702, b Pink, Maryland 1892, b Pink, Meadow 226. b, 988d, 1236, a Pink, Mice 1851. a Pink, Moss 1669, e, 1851. 6 Pink, Mountain 754.2 Pink, Mullen 1236. c, 61. a Pink, Old-maid’s 1781. a, 61. a, 1851. a Pink, Rock 1953, a Pink, Rose 1768, a Pink, Saxifrage 2051 Pink, Sea 1851. b, 1908. a Pink, Scawfall 1903, a Pink, Swamp 225. a, b, 975, 1200. a Pink, Wax 1656. a Pink. Wild 179. a, 1569, e, 1851. f Pink, Winter 754, a Pink-bloom 1758, a Pink-needle 777. 2, b Pink-needles 1796. a Pink-root 1892, a, b Pink-weed 1641. da n Pinkster-flower 226, a Pinne tree 2086, a “Pinus 2, 419, 1188, 1587, 1674, 2046 Pinyon (Pinion) 1601. u, d,e Pipa 769. a Pipe-plant 1856, a Pipe-stem 1592. b Pipe-tree 1945. a Pipe-vine 182. b *Piper 460, 611, 1320 Piper wthiopicum 2140. a Piper cajannense 377, b Piper caudatum 611. a Piper hispanicum $77. a Piper jamaicense 1594, b Piper longuin 460, d *Piperella 1328 Piperidge (Peprage) 251, e Piperidge, Spotted 466, a Pipple 1652. 1 Pipul tree (Pipal) 831,.e Pipewort 717 Pipitzahoic acid 1541. » Pipsissewa 466. a, b *Piptocalyx 111¢ Piquillin 553. a *Piratinera 315 *Pirus 1269, 1699 Pisang 1367. d * *Piscidia 1052 Piscidie 1052. a Pisky-stool 53. a Pismire 482. 6 Pissaba 220, b Pissabed 1711. f, 1959. Pissenlit 1959, a Pistache de terre 168, a Pistacien 1605. f Pistachio nut 1605. f Pistolochia 182. ¢ *Pisum 1141 Pitaya bark 498. b Pitch, Burgundy 2. a Pitch, Dammer 2086, a PITCHER-PLANT, species’ _1787, 1898 +Pitcher-plant 1586. 9 450 Pitcher-plant, California 481 a Pitchforks 263. f, g *P*toxylum 1600 *Pittonia 294 Pituri (Pitchuri) 714. a Pivoine officinale 1488, b Pix alba 2.a Pix burgundica 2. a Pixie (Viskies) 1851 *Plagianthus 1128, a *Plagiobothrys 1872 Plane-tree 1612. a, b,e Plane-tree, Mock 16. d Planer tree 1610 *Pianotia 232. u Plant-of-glution 576. Piaqueminier 651 PLA\TAIN, species 1611 Plantain d’eau 72. a PLANTAIN, INDIAN, species 1315 Plantain, Indian, Sweet- scented 1942 Plantain, Mud 993. b, ¢ Plantain, Net-ieaf 1538. a,b Plantain, Poor Robin's 1005.4 Plantain, Rattlesnake 1538 Plantain, Robert’s 768. ¢ Plantain, Robin’s 768. ¢ Plantain, Snake 1005. i Plantain, Spotted 1538, a Plantain, Water- 72 Plantain, White 1538. b, 144, b *Plaso 331 *Platanthera 938 *Plectocephalus 423 Plentage 290, a Pleurisy-root 195. d Plowman’s-wort 1619. a Pluff 1238. a PLum, species 1668 +Plum 1474 Plum, Assyrian 2085. a Plum, Bay 1675. b Plum, Bunch 576. c P)um, Cocoa 483. a Plum, Darling 1719.4 Plum, Date 631 Plum, Downward 1849, u Plum, Dowwnard 326 Plum, Gingerbread 1500. a Plum, Gopher 1421. b Plum, Ground 208. b, 0 Plum, Guiana 713. a Plum, Hog 1898. b Plum’ Ivory 468. a, 870. b Plum, Jamaica 1898 b Plum, Japan 769. a Plum, Malabar 1086. a Plum, Marmalade 1228.0 Plum, Mountain 2188. a Plum, Nanny 2095. ¢ Plum, Pigeon 526. 2 . Plum, Saffron 1849. ¢ Plum, Sapodilla 20. a Plum, Seaside 2138. a Plum, Sebesten 2085, a Plum, Seeded 681. e Plum, Squaw 1538. a Plum, Sugar 96. ¢ Plum, Thorp- 692. (g) Plum, Winter 681. e Plumbago 1641. n lume d'eau 1021 GENERAL INDEX. Plumgranite 1668. a Plyvens 2032. f re 343, a, 2062. a Pock-weed 1883. a Pock-wood 919, a, b Pockenwurzel 1865. b Pockholz 919. a, b *Podalyria 234, 1985 Podder 620 *Podophyllum 1093 Podophyllum, Rhizome de 1623. a Poele baik 85. ¢ Poha 1578, b Pohickery 1004 *Poincea 1632 Poirier 1699. a Pois a gratter 1365. a Pois d’ Amérique 4 a Pois velus 1365. a Poison-berry 27. b, 189. a, 1053. a, 1867. j Poison-flower 1867. j Poison-nut 1923. d Poison-tree 1730, Poison-vine 1730. Poison-wood 1730. g Poivre a queue 611. a Poivre de Guinée 377. a Poivre des murailles 1824. a Poivre long 460. d Poivre noir 1602. g Poix de Bourgogne 2. a Poix des Vosges 2. a Poix jaune 2, a Poke, Indian 2089. b Poke, Stinking 1883. a Poke, Tree 1585.2 Poke-berry 1585 Poke-root 1585. b ¢Poke-root 2089. b Poke-weed (Pocan) 1585. b Polander 1660. d Polar-p!ant 1852.4 Polecat-weed 1843. a Polei 1308, h Polei, amerikanischer 960. 4 *Polemonium 1256 Pollom, Red 870. b' Pollum, Little 1688. ¢ Pollum, White 468. a Poly, Grass 1250. ¢ Poly-mountsin 520. a, d Poly-mountain, (Yellow) 1973. a Polyanthus 1660. d +Poiyanthus 1635 *Polydymia 1670 Polygaia de Virginie 1638.h Polygala, South American 1351. a Polygala virginiana 1638. b *Polygonuum 821, 1640 *Polyotus 17 *Polyphema 188 Polypod (Polypode) 1643. a Polypode commun 1643. a #Polepodium 622, 712, 1561 Polypody (Polypoddy) 1643. a Polypody, Pale Mountain 1361. b Polypore du Mélaze 1644.4 *Polystichum 712 *Pomaria 1u09 Pomegranate 1694. a +Pomeyranate 1668, 1 Pomegranate, Vegetable 613, a Pomeranzenbaum 508. ¢ Pomme blanche 1679. b Pomme canelle 140, e Pomme d’amour 1229. a Pomme @’ananas 119. a Pomme de prairie 1679. b Pomme de terre 1867. n Pomme épineuse 649. b,c Pompelmos 506. g Pompelo 506. g Pompion 614, b, d Ponchishuiz 194. a Pond-grass 1657. d Pond-grass, Tassel 1754. a Pond-lily, Red-disked 1420. d Pond-lily, White 399 Pond-lily, Yellow 1420.a,b,¢ Pond-spice 1266. a PONDWEED, species 1657 *Pongamia 859 *Pongatium 1891 *Pontederia 993, 1586 Poolwort (Pool-root) 802. a, b Poon tree 353. a Poona oil 859 Poor-Anne 2089. b Poor-man’s-pepper 1824, a Poor-man’s-pharmacetty 329. a Poor-man’s-rhubarb 1976. a, b Poor-man’s-soap 1895. d Poor-man’s-treacle 74.a,76.6 Poor-man’s-weatherglass 116. a Poor-Robin 863, a Pop-dock 677. a Pop-weed 2072. a, ete Popillary 1652. 1 Popille 61. a POPLAR, species 1652 Poplar, Balsam 1672, b Poplar, Blue 1211. a Poplar, Hickory 1211. a tPoplar, Silver-leaf 1999, ¢ Poplar, Tulip 1211. a 7Poplar, White 1211. a Poplar, Yellow 1211.4 Popple (Pope) 1497. ¢ Poppy, species 1497 Poppy, Blue 423. ¢. Poppy, California 788 Poppy, Celandine 1927. a Poppy, Frothy 1851. b Poppy, Horn or Horned 92 Poppy, Mexican 180. b Poppy, Prickly 180 Poppy, Sea 892 Poppy, Tree 658 Poppy, Spatling 1851. b Poppy, Thorn 180 Poppy, Yellow 1927.4 *Poppya 1232 Porcelle 1045 Porillon 1385. a Porreau 76.4 *Porrum 76 Porsch (Porst) 11538. b Porte-chapeau 1491. a *Portuna 1592 Posstm-wood 681. e Posy, Indian 195.a NUMBERS REFER TO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE. White 2075. a ads S65 b Pon, Hog luse BR. AB Potato, Indian 157. = Potato, Irisn 1887. Pom, oe Wit a Powate, Fis 157. a = Xb Porat, Sweet 1065. Potato, ~ 16a, epoca S47, 1020, 1050, SPoecctcan its Poulict commun 1508. h *Pourretia 165 Poverty 1iél. a Poverty-grass 1026. a, b ST a, Wwe Poverty-weed 904 3, 12L a, Me b, ime. e, 1296 a Pretiy-grass 358. ¢ Prewty-Naney iS5L a Pricket 124 a PRICKLY aS8, species 2136 Prickly -back | Pmeky-bark) eo. b Prick: y-bar Hoa Prickl¥-pear Bs rbedes Sw Prideclehina FSS. PridveolCelumbis 1569, d Prideof-India 1299. b PrideooObie @3 a Priieotihea-aiow 2057. 8 Prideweed LITi a Priv tifa Privst’s-crown 1993. a Priet’s-piotle 181. b Prim-grass Hi. a Primavére lo d PRimgosk, species 168) 964, Li4?, 1283, 1313. 1890 fae Evening 1 etme: Evening 12, iNT Primrose, Spotted S72 Primrose, Tree 1436.3 Primrs wiliow 1100 Primwort (Prim) HXt s Prinee’s-feather 1641. m Prinee’s-feather QL. a, d, IMDS a Prince’s-pine 168 b Prines-woed SIG a *Prinos 1dG Print 11S a *Pritcharndis 1397 Privet LISt 3 Priver, Egyptian 114. 3 Privet, Evergreen lls Privet. Pipe INS 3 Processiva-tiower 1638 1, p *Prosartes 6290 Prune 1608. ce Prunecvtoa 3. 3 Prunier 1668. h *®Prunus LiL 3 *Psathyrotes 1595, 2089 *Pseudo@acacia ITs Pseudo-mastich 215 3 *Pseudomagenuetus 1282 *Pseudostachyum 232. 5 *Pseva 466 Psidii cortex 168 *PSi ehotrophum 1680 *Pialea S19) *Preris 1527 Prervcarpi balsamum OST eke *Prerustepharnes 139 *Prerota 2136 *Ptilunells 269 2 Publichoase plant IN f Pueevoa, Hoary 11t b Pucevon, lodisn ltt b Pucevon, Red 17 3 Pueevon, White 173. a Pucwwor, Yebow idol a Puceoon-reeg LTS. a Puchero 1954. € Puchurim (Pichurim) 13M, a Puck-aoeedle 1796. a Pucker-needle 1796. a Puckfist lies. a Pudding-sriss 10S. h Pudding-pipe tree 409. b Pudding-stick tree 40% b *Pulegium 13085 Puerto Rico bark 544.48 Puffball 1238 FPulball S80. a, TST. a, 19689. a Pukeweed 1217. b Putas tree Sls Puiradl 1 b Puliall-mountain 1973. d Pau sire 1e9l.a Puliol-mountain 1994 a Puliolroya! Isus. h Pulmonaire des Francais 100s. € Puimonaire officinale 1692.a *Pulmonaria 1314, 125 Pulque 36 € Pulsatilla 1693 b Pula 2 e, f Pulverhoiz L721. g¢ Pulvis gra 2110. a Bulvis vnsecticidus 482 kin 6lid Pumpkia. Wud 6lt a Punk 164 .a Puppy 1497. ¢ be Purga $i§ under b Purging-nut dis. 3 Purging-reet 3. a Purgirkassie it9. b Purgirkérner cus. h Puryirkérner, Kleine S03 z os Ivse. a, 12sLa, Purplelip 2083 Parplesacccie 1363. b Purplewort 547. a 2062 g Pursetassels 1388. b *Purshia i120 Purshiasna bark 1721. k PURSLANE, spevies 1656 Pursiane (Pursiain) 1656, b Pursiane, Black SU. b Purslane, Mik $03 Purslane, Mud 739 Pursisne Sea $8. a, 1839 Purclane, Spocted NG b,j Pursiane, Water 673, 1072 a Pursiare, White S03. a Pursley, see Pursisne Pursley ‘Pussley 1638. b Purvain QOL. ¢ Pushion-bverry si j Pushpole MYT. d Pussy-cat | Pussies) 2262 ae ~ats ITofLe, bh Pussy-toes itt. b Putcha-par Sia Putchuk 11.3 Putty root 1). a *Pycnanthemum It *Pyereus 635 Pyddharr 1474. > Pyrecsath 334. a Pyramid plant St a Pyréthre commun U3. a Pyréthre du Caucase 22d Pyréthre officinal 114. b *Pyrethrum 432 b, ve, 2285, 1957 Pyrethrum cernmanicum 1i5.a Pyrethrum romanum 115. b Pyrethrum, U.S. PL 1a. b #Py.ola 40, 1549 Pyrole 1696. d Prrole ombellge 466 b es 1862 *Pyrus 96, 185, 625, 1268, 1318, 1STS Pyxie 1700.8 Quacksalver's Sparge Q&S. b *Quaeria 152 Quafodil 19S a Quai 1932 bh uakers 153. 8 usker-bonnets 1022 3 uaker's-bonnet> 1235 uaker-buttons [v23 d Quaker-Isdies 1dku a Quaker-lady 1895. ¢ Quamesh, Eastern 1701. a Quandoug (Quandang) SA a Quarter-vine 263 b Quatre épices 1411. b Quashy-=yuasher 1938.38 *Quassia 1590, 1 Quassia, Lofty 15 LLL 452 Surinam 1703. a lignum 1703. a amére 1703. a de la Jamaique 1590. a Quassienholz 1590. a, 1703.a Quebracho blanco 203, a Quebracho flojo 1064. a Quecke, rothe 382. 4 Quecke :wurzel 60. a Queen Anne’s flower 1385. a Queen-of-the-meadow 2057. a, 1895. c, 802. j Queen-of-the-prairie 2057, b Queen-of-the-Sierras 2.d Queen-root 1914. a Queen-weed 1516. a Queen’s-delight 1914. a ueen’s-needlework 1895. c uequiri 4, a juendal 1994, a, b uercitron 1704. w uercus marinus 849, b uick-beam 1875 a,d uick- (Quitch) grass 60. a uick-in-the-hand 1057, a uick-set, May 592. a uickeos 60. a uicksilver-weed 1976. u uillaya 1705, a uillet 2082. g FQuillwort 8U2, j Quina 1867. -u *Quinaria 1514 Quince 628. a,b Quince, Bengal 47. a Quiniue, Native 85.a Quinine, Wild 1513. b Quinine-flower 1758. b Quinine-plant (herb) 1758.b Quinine-tree 1681. a Quino-quino tree 2008. u *Quioquina 498 Quingquina gris 498. ¢c, e, Quinquina jaune 498.a Quinquina rouge 498. f Quinoa 464. h Quinsy-berry 1732. 6 Quinsywort 201.a Quintefeuille 1658, f Quital 1171. a Quitte, bengalische 47, a Quittenbaum 628. a Quiver-leaf 1652. i Quobsque-weed 809. » Raave 1566. a Rabbit-berry 1166. 8 Rabbit-brush 489. a Rabbit-meat 1132. ¢ Rabbits 151. a, 629. a Rabbit’s-flower 677, a Rabbit’s-meat 148. ¢ Rabbit’s-mouth 15l.a Rabbit’s-root 170. ¢ Rabone (Rawbone) 1712. b Raccoon-berry 1625. a Racine brasilienne 2062. b Racine de St. Christoph 28.c *Rademachia 188 Radiaire 209, a Radical-weed 1867, i Radish, Garden 1712. b Radish, Wild 1712.0 | *Rainesquia 1396 Rag-jag 464. a Rag-woolwort 1831. k Ragged-cup 1852 b. DOLL LLLLOQLALSA. GENERAL INDEX, Ragged-Jack 303. e, 1286. d Ragged-lady 141l.a Ragged-Robin 1236, a, d Ragged-sailor 1641. m Ragweed 95 +Ragweed 1831. f Ragweed, Woolly 1831. k Ragwort 1831. a Ragwort, Pale 1831. | Ragwort, Tansy 1831. f Raifort 1742, a Rain-berry 1721. da Rainbow-weed 1250, a Rainiarn 1957. a Rainweide 1194. a Raisin d’Amerique 1585. b Raisin d’ours 176. £ Raisin, Wild 2095. ¢ Raisin-tree 1732. bh Raisins 2108. e *Rajania 318 Rambutan 1400. a Ramie 276. a Rampion 462. a Rampion, Large 1436. w Rampostan 1400. a Ramps (Ramsfen), 76. bh Rams 534. a, 76. h Raim’s-claws 1711. h Ram’s-head 636. b Ram’s-tongue 1611. b Ramsey 1439. a Ramson, Round 891. b Ramsons 74. h Ramsted 1205 a Ramtil 925, a Rancid (Ranstead) 1205. a Rancooran 1474. a *Ranunculus 242, 830, 1478 Ranunculus, Globe 2043. a Rantipole 651. a Ranty-tanty 1753. b Rape 303. b « Rape 1712. a ape, St. Anthony’s 1711, f Rapper-dandies 176. f, 870.b Rapsél 303. b Rashburn 1439. a Raspberries-and-cream802.c RaSPBERRY, species 1750 {Raspberry 1732. h Raspberry, Ground 1032. a Rassels 1439. a Rat-tail 1611. b Ratafia 1668. e Ratanhawurzel 1114, 6 Ratanhia 1114. e Ratanhiae radix 1114. u e Rattan Palm 341 Rattenpfeffer 656. d Rattle, Penny 1726. a Rattle, Yellow 1726. a Rattle-bags 1726. a, 1851. b Rattie-box 604, 1726. a,1229.a Rattle-bush 234. Rattle-bush, Blue 234. a Rattle-nut 1891.a Rattle-root (Rattle-top) 497, a Rattle-weed 208: p, 497. a Rattler tree 1652. a Rattlesnake-bite 1976. d Rattlesnake Fern 290. b Rattlesnake-herb 27 Rattlesnake-root 1381. a,b,c, 1638. h, 2036. 9 Rattlesnake-weed 781. a, 1005. i, 1538, a Rattlesnake’s-beans 1853.a,b Rattlesnake’s-master 781. a,, 56. d, 1124. a, b,c Rattlesnake’s-root 497. a Rat’s-bane 148. e- 446, & 1638 a RATSBANE 1928, d Raute 1756. a Rawn tree 1875. d' Ray-grass 1220. & *Reaualmia 742, 2001 Rebendoldenkraut 1427. b Red-bean vine 3. a, 1731. a. Red berry 27. b, 1493. b Red-berry, Swamp: 1476. b- Red-Betty 1217. a Red-bird 883, b Red-bird’s-eye 883. b Red-brush 576. b,i Red-bud 436, a Red-butcher 1450. d Red-g:anfergregors 1450. & Red-gum 790. € Red-head 195. a Red-Iudians 403. a, ete Red-ink plant 1585. b Red-knees (Red-shanks) 1641, 1 Red-legs 1641. e Red-rattle 1523. b Red-Robin 883, b Red-rod 576. b Red-root 415. a, 758. c, 885. e, f, 1773. a tRed-root 91. e, 370. a, 1903.4 Red-root, Carolina 937. a Red-root, Indian 937, a Red-rot 707. a Red-Sally 1250. a Red-séed 455. a Red-shanks 883. b, 1641.a,n, 1753. a Red-weed 16585. b, 1641. nu, 1753. b Redoul 574.8 Redwood 1832. a +Redwood 1682. a Red-wood, Indian 1879, a Redwood (of Turkey) 576.h Reed 192. a, 2153. a Reed-grass 1881 Reed-mace 2055. a Reefort 1712. b Réglisse 902. b Réglisse indienne 4 a Reine des prés 2057 a Reis 1468. a Renoncule 1711. ¢ Reree 2035, a Resin 1601. i Resina elastica 1001. a Rest-harrow 1439, a, b Restis bovis, radix 1439, b Resurrection-plant 122. a, 1825. a Rettersporn 656. ¢ Rewa 1898. a Rhabarber 1723, ¢ *Rhacoma 1372 *Rhamnus 1720 *Rhaphidophora 757 Rhapontic 1723. e RuHaTANY, Species 1t14 Rheea 276, a Rheum indigenum 1723, 6 | NUMBERS REFER TO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE. Rheum nostratis 1723, e Rheumatism root 1093, a, 465. a, b, 680. f Rheumatismn-weed 160. a, b *Rhinanthus 647 Rhineberry 1721.4 *Rhodanthe 968, ¢ *Rhodivla 1824 *Rhododendron 225, 1729 Rhododendron, Carolina 1728. a Rhododendron, Catawba 1728. a Rhododendron, Yellow 1728. b Spe ments 943 Rhoeados petala 1497, ¢ RHUBARB, Species 1723 Rhubarb, Bog 1518. a Rhubarb, False 1976. b Rhubarb, Meadow 1976. b Rbuharb, Monk’s 1753. k 1976. b Rhubarb, Mountain 1753,k,1 Rhubarb, Poison 1548. a Rhubarbe de Chine 1723, c Bhubarbe te Moscovie *Rhus 583 *Rhyncolepis 905 Rib-grass (Ribwort) 1611, b Ribbon-grass 1559. a Ribbon-tree 261. a Ribesia rubra 1732, h *Ribesoides 744 Ribia rubra 1732, h *Ricardia 1733 hive 1468, a Rice, Canada 2153. a Rice, Indian 2153. a Rice, Water 2153. a Rice, Wild 2153. a Rice-paper, Chinese 170. 4 Rich-leaf 539. b Rich-weed 539. b, 41. a, 95.b, 497, a, 802. a *Richardia 2147 *Richardsonia 1733 Ricin 1735. a Ricinus major 618. a Ricinussamen, grosse 618, a *Riddellia 1687 Ridbel 863. a Riely 1220. a Riementang 1131. a Rignum 1348, b Rilts 251. 2 Rima 188, a Ringelblume 344. a Ringworm powder 2110, a Ringworm-root 1725, a Ripple-grass 1611. b River-bush 428. a River-weed 1627. a Riz 1468, a Rizzles ( Rizzer-berry ) 17382, h Roan ( Roddin) tree 1875. d Roanoke Bell 1314, a Rob sambuci 1771. e Robin-hood's-fetter 514, d Robin-run-away 894. a Robin-run-in-the-hedge 84, a Robin’s-eye 16°8. p Robinier 1738. a Rock-berry 176. f£ Rock-fern 40. b Rock-lily 166, a, 1825. a Rock-plant 1824. a ROCK-ROSE, species 967 Rock-rose 1825, a Rock-weed 201. b, 883. b Rocket, Bastard 303. ¢ Rocket, Blue 25. i Rocket, Dame’s 990, a Rocket, Dyer’s 1717. a Rocket, False 1068 Rocket, Garden 990. a Rocket, Italian 1717. a Rocket, Prairie 782. a Rocket, Purple 1063, 456. a Rocket, Sand 685. 4 Rocket, Scrambling 1860, a : Q. Rocket, Sea 341 Rocket, Sweet 990. a Rocket, Winter 235. a Rocket, Wound 235. a Rocket, Yellow 235. a, 1717. a +Rocket, Yellow 1249. n Rocou 266, a Rous-gold 344. a Rogation-flower 1638, 1, p Roggen 1823. Roggenmutter 512. a Rohan 1879. a Robrkassie 409. b Rohun (Rohuua) 1879. a Roland 781. b Roli-berry 1956. a Roman plant 464, d Romarin des marais 1202. ¢ Romarin sauvage 1153, b Roms 76, h Ronce sauvage 1750. g *Ronobea 1630 Rooster-heads 693. a Roosters 2102, ¢ Rope-bark 689. a Rorellae herba 707. a Roris marini folia 1744, a Roris solis herba 707. a Rosa-solis (Ros solis) 707, 4 tosa-solis 1. a Rosary plant, Mexican 1731, a Rose, species 1743 Rose a rubie 44, b Rose, African 1497. ¢ Rose, Althea 87. b Rose, Burnet 116. 4 Rose, Canker’ 1497. c Rose, Chinese(China) 1003.f Rose, Corn 1497 c, 6l.a Rose Bay, East Indian 1946. b Rose, Christmas 974. b, ¢ Rose, Cliff 19v3. a Rose, Copper 1497. ¢ Rose, Cotton 886. a Rose, bgyptian 1794. u,b Rose, Gipsy 1794.a Rose, Juno’s 1196. b Rose, Love 2095. a Rose, Mallow 1003.6 Rose, May 2095. d Rose, Mexican 1656.a tRose, Moss 1271. a Rose of Crete 503. c Rose of Jericho 122. a Rose of Sharon 1003. h Rose, New-years 974, b Rose pale 1743, b 453 Rose, Rock 503 TRose, Rock 1903. a Rose rouge 1743 d Rose, Sage 2052. b Rose, Seusitive 1361. a Rose, Sheep-shearing 1488,b Kose, Siberian 1728, b Rose, Snow 1728. b Rose, Snowdon 1824. h Rose, South Sea l4ud. a Rose tremiére 87. b Rose, Wind 1497, a Rose-bay 456. a Rose-vay, Dwarf 1728, ¢ Rose-bay, Mountain i728.a Rose-bay (Wild) 1728, d scose-Betty 768. ¢ Rose-may 1871. a Rose-noble 633, a Roseau grande 192. a Rosée du soleil 707. a Rosella 1003. g Rosemary, Garden 1744, a Rosmarin (Romarin) 1744.8 Rosmarin, wilder 1153. b Rosmarinus silvestris 1153. Rosemary, Marsh 1202. a, 1153. b, 128, a Rosemary, White 206. ¢ Rosemary, Wild 1153. b, 128. a, 863. a Rosenlorbeer 1403. a Rosewood 674. a, 182. f, 1253 Rosewood, African 1682. b Rosewort (Rose-root) 1824.4 Roshé (Rosé) oil 129, d Rosier sauvage 1743. a Rosilla de puebla 965. a Rosin-plant 1852. ¢ Rosin-rose 1043, b Rosin-tree 1601, i Rosin-weed 1852. a, 0 Rosin-wood 488. b Rossfenchel 1427. ¢ Rosshuf 2053. a Rosskastanie 50. 0 Rosswurzel 384. a Rosy-bush 1895. d Rot-grass 1599. a *Rotang 341 Rothbernitzbeere 2075. p *Rottlera 1267 Rottlerae glandulae 1267, » Rouge-berry 1737, a Rouge-plant 1737, a Rough-root 1124. b Rough-weed 1900. a Rouud-heart 1979. a Round-tree 1875. a, d Round-wood 1875, a, d Roving-Jenny 1792. a Roving-sailor 629, a Rowan-tree 1875. a, d Rowan tree, Dog 2093. d Royn tree 1875. da Rozelle 1003. g Rubber, brasilian 1001 Rubber, Ceara 1276. a Rubber, Para 1001. a Riibe, gelbe 651, a Riibol 303, b Ruby-wood 1682, d *Rudbeckia 304, 1713 Ruddes 344, a Rue de chévre 860. a Rue, Garden 1756. 2 454 Rue, Goat's 590. d, 860. a Rue, Maideuhair 1976, b Rue, Stone- or Wall- 204. ¢ Rue-auemone 1940, a Ruffet 20 6. a Rubrrinde 1854, a Kuhrwurzel 1608. g, 2062, a *Ruizzia 280 *Rumex 1480 Runch 303, a, 1900, a Runkelriibe 259. a Runnet 863. i Ruprechtskraut 883. b Rusa oil 129, d Rusci oleum 261, a Rush, species 1098, 1809 Rush, Bug 1098 Rush, Cotton 774 Rush, Dutch 758. b Rush, Guinea 635. a Mountain 752 , Polishiug 75x, b Scouring 758, b Sweet 20, a Rush-grass 774, a Rush-nut 635 b Riisterrinde 2058. f Ruswut (Rusat) 251.a Rut-ot-harte 737, a Ruta capraria 860. a Rutland-beauty 5038. c *Rutosma 1977 Rye 1823. a Rye, Cockspur 512. a Rye, Robin’s 1649. b Rye, Spurred 512. a Rye-brome 313. a Rye-grass 1220 *Sabadilla 193 Sabadillsamen 193, a *Sabal 1833 Sabbatie 1758, a Sabicu 1248. b *Sabina 1099 Sabina, U.S. P. 1099. d Sabine 1099. d Sabino tree 1962, a *Saccharifera 1759 Sacci 66. b Sack-tree 150. a Sickelkraut 329. a Sacred bark 1721. k Saddle-leaf 1211. a Saddle-plant 1787. b Saddle-tree 1211. a Sadebaum 1099, d Sadekraut 1099. a Saft (eaughy 1764 Safflower 391 Saffron 601. a, b Saffron, African 391. a Saffron, American 391, a {Saffron American 601. a Saffron, Bastard 391.0 Saffron, Dyer’s 891. a Saffron, False 391. a Saffron, Indian 619. v, d Satfron, Meadow 534 fSaffron, Meadow 1427, a Saffron, Spanish 601. a Saffron, Thistle 391, a Safran 601 a Safran batard 534, a Safran deutscher 391, a Safran falscher 391. a Safrifa 1903, b GENERAL INDEX. Sagachomi 176. f Sagapenum 828 g Sage, Black 2u30. ¢ Sage, Garden 1769. b Sage, Garlic 1973, f Sage, Indian 802.i Sage, Jerusalem 1568. a Sage, Meadow 1769, c Sage, Mountain 137. g, 1978. f Sage, Western 187. k Sage, White 1109 a, 805. a Sage, Wild 187. g, 802. i, 1135. a Sage, Wormwood 187. f Sage-bush 187. g, p,q. T Suge-of-Bethiehem 13v8. j, 1692. a Sage-of-Jerusalem 1692, a Sage-rose 2052. b Sage-tree 1135. 4 *5agina 238 *Sagittaria 727, 1225 Sago 178, a, 623. a, b,1570 b Sago Palm, 1322 Sago Palm, Bastard 894. a Sago Palm, Malabar 623. a Sago plant 189. a Sago, Wild 2145, 4 Sagou 1322. a *Sagus 1322 Saigonzimmt 500, h Sailor’s-knot 883. b St. Andrew’s-lace 370. a St. Andrew’s-cross 197. a St. Bennet’s herb 555 a St. Jame’s-wort 1831. f St. Joun's-bread 432. a St. John’s-wort 1043 St. Lucia bark 816. ¢ St. Mary’s-seed 1871. b, ¢ St. Peter’s-wort 197 tSt. Peter’s-wort 1660. d St. Peter’s-wreath 1845. b St. Thomas’ tree 243. a Sal, Indian 1841, a Sal-tree (saul-tree) 1841. a Salad-tree 436, a Saladine 462. a Salai tree 289, d Salal 870, ¢ Salary 158, a Salbei 1769, b Salep 113. a, 798. a, b, 38. a b, 1450 Salep, Tahiti 1947. » Salfern 1214. a Salicaire 1250. a *Salicaria 1250 Salicin 1764. a, ete Salicorne 1763 *Salisburia 889 Salivaire 115. b Sallet 1125, d Sallow 1764 Sally (Salghe) 1764 Sally-bloom 456. a Salmon-berry 1750, l,m Salomon’s-siegel 1639. cv, d Saloop 1788. a *Salpingia 864 mah areille 1865. e alsify (Salsafy) 2016. u, b Salsity, Black 1819. °° Salsify, Meadow 2016, b *Salsola 696 = Balt-bush 218. b, ¢, 4, ‘ 1109. ay Salt-grape rer Salt-rheura weed 463, & Saltwort 1765. a Saltwort, Black 893. a Saltwort, Jamaica 241 Saltwort, Prickly 1767, 8 *Samandera 1770, a Samang (Saman) 1608, b *s3amara 7 Sammtrose 1743. 4 Sampfen 338. ¢ Samphire 599. a Samphire, Golden 1062. ¢ Samphire, Jamaica 241, 287. @ Samphire, Marsh 1763, a Sampion, Marsh 1763. a Sampson, Black 304. b Sampson-root 304.a Sampsuchi herba 1456, ¢ Sanbois 644, a Sanctuary 783.4 Sand-box, Devil’s 1029. a Sand-bur 1867, v Sand-grass 1640. a Sand-star 382. a Sand-vine 104 Sand-weed 1884. a SANDALWOOD, Species 1776. Sandalwood, False 2138. a Sandalwood, Red 1682. d tSandalwood, Red 35 Sandarac 349, a Sandaraca 349. a Sandarak 349. a Sandaraque 349. a Sandel, gelber 1776. a Sandelholz, Rothes 1682. a Saudriedgras #82. a Sandsegge 382. a Sandwort 99, 1340 Sandwort, Red 2005. a Sandwort, Purple 2005. a Sanfoin 1437.a Sanfoin Psoralea 1679, i Sang 1493. b Sang-tree 1681. a Sanghara-nut 2017. a, ¢ Sangrel (Sangree) 182. f Sanguinaire 1773. a Sanguinalis herba 2091. f Sanguinary 18.a SANICLE, species 1775 Sanicle, American 1000, b Sanicle, Black 209, a Sanicle, False 1337. a Sanicle femelle 20, a Sanicle, Great 65. b Sanicle, Indian. 802. a Sanicle, White 802. 2 Sanicle, Yorkshire 1599. a Sanikel 1775. a *Sansiviera 33 *Sansivieria 33 Santal citrin 1776. 4 Santal, Red 1682. d Santal rouge 1682. d *Santalum 853 Santalum rubrum 1682, d *Santolina 1285 Santonica 187. n Saoria 1261. a Sapadillo 20. a Sapin argenté 2, f Sapin faux 2 a 4 NUMBERS REFER TO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE. Sapistan 2085. a *Sapium 1914 Sapouilla 20 *Saponaria 2074 Supvunariu aegyptiaca 935. b Saponaria bispunica 930, b Saponaria levautica 935. b Saponary 1781. a *Sapota 20. a, 1334, 1849 Sapoia, Mammee 1228, a Sappan 338. c Sapucaya nut 1162, b Supwort 1312. b Sarah 2080. f Sarcocolla (Sarcocol) 1530, a Sardinian-nut 400. a *Sargassum 849 Sarock 17.3, a *Sarothamnous 641 *Sarothra 1043 Sarracénie 1787. b Sarrasin 821, a Sarriette 1789. a Sarsae radix 1865. e, f SakSAPARILLA, species 1865 Sarsaparilla, U.S. P. 1805, e, f Sarsaparilla, American 170.¢ Sarsaparilla, Australian 95uU. a Sarsaparilla, Big 182. b Sarsaparilla, Bristiy 170. b Bereapertlle, Buittle-stem 0. Sarsaparilla, False 170. ¢ Sarsaparilla, German 382. a Sarsaparilla germanica 2, a Sarsaparilla, Indian 977. a Sarsaparilla, Native 950. a Sarsaparilla, Rough 170 b Sarsaparilla, Spurious 950.a Sarsaparilla, Texas 1306. a Sarsaparila, Virginian 170.¢ Sarsaparilla, Wild 170. c Sarsaparilla, Yellow 1806. a Sarsaparille 1865. e Sassafras 1788. a Sassafras. Brazilian 1390,a,b Sassafras, Chilian 1142. a Sassafras, Swamp 1262. f Sagsafras, ‘Tasmanian 213, Sassafras-nuts 1390, a,b Sassafras-tree 699. a Sassafrasniisse 1°90. a, b Sassaparilie 1865. 6 Sassy-bark 786. a Satin-flower 83. c, 1284 Satin-flower, Crimson 307. a Satin-pod 1234 Saturday’s-pepper 803. d Saturei 1789. a *Satureja 616, 1111 +*Satyrium 15.8 Sauce-alone 74. a, 1168. 6 Saucy bark 786. a Saudistel 1871. b Sauerampfer 1763. 4 Sauerbeere 1476. b Sauerklee 1475. a Sauge officinale 1769, b Saugh, Privy 1194. 8 Saukrant 1045 Saule blanc 1764, 2 Saunders, Red 1682. d Saunders, White 1776. a Sauohbr 1611. c Saurach 251. e *Saussurea 851 Sautanue 1240, a Savannah flower 780, 2064.8 Save 176. b . Savicu (Savico) 1248. b Savin (Savine) 1059. a JSavin 2050. b, 2106. f Savin, Horse 1099, b Savin, Red 1099, e Saving-tree 1099, d Savonniédre 1781. a Savory, Summer 1789, a Savory, Winter 1789, b Sawwort 1124. b, 1791 *Saxifraga 978, 1986, SAXIFRAGE, species 1792 Saxifrage 392. b Saxifrage, Burnet 1595. b Saxifrage, Golden 487. a Saxifraye, Meaduw 1850. a Saxilrage, Smal! 1595. b Saxifiax 1788.4 Scabby-head 411. a Scabby-head 148, a Scabish 1107. b, ¢ fScabish 1436, a Scabiso, Meadow 206, h Scabish, Sweet 1794. b ScaBIoUS, species 1794 Scabious 1174. a Scabious, Sheep’s 1088. a Scubious, Sweet 768, a, b Scabwort 1062, a Scaddie 2067. a Scala coeli 1639, ¢ Scalbegres 28. ¢ Scald-berry 1790. g Scald-weed 620 Scale-bark Hickory 1004, g Scullewort 1769. d Scallion 74, a fscallion 76. a Scammonée (Scammon) 663. b Scammvnium 663, b ScaMMONY, varieties 563, b Scammony, French 630. a *Scammony, German 663. c Scammouy Montpelier 630.8 Scammony, Wild 1066, n Scamwony root 1066, n Scamrog 2032. @ *Scandix 148 Scarb t:ee 1269. a Scarlet-berry 1867. j Scarlet-cross 1236, b Scarlet-lightning 1236. b Sceau de Salomon 1639, c, d Sceau d’or 1082, a Schabziegerklee 2032. d Schachtelhalin 758. a, b Schatgarbe 18. a Schalgrippe )8.a Schafithalm 1008, a Schallotte 76. a Schamum 1894 Scharlachbeere 1585. b Scherneckelkraut 1775. « - Scheuerkraut 758. a Schierling, gefleckter 555. u Schinseng 1493. a, b *Schizostachyum 232, w Schlafapfel 1274. a Schlangenmoos 1240, a Schlangenwurz, canadische 194. a 455 Cchlangenwurzel, schwarze 497 +8 Schlanyen wurzel, virgini- sche 182. f Schlebe 1608. q Schlutien 1578. a *Schollera 993, 1476 Schélikraut 462. a ¥*Schoenocaulon 193 *Schoenolirion 1484 Schmack 1730. b Schvol masters 189. a Schotenpieffer 577. a Schnittiauch 76. f *Schiapkia 1361 Schwalbenwurz 620. b Schwalbenwurzel 195 Schwsnzptefler 611. a Schwarzdorn 1668. q Schwarzerle 79. a Schwarzkiimmel 1411. b Schwarzwurz 1987. a Schwefelwurz '554, b Schweinbrod 625, a *Schweinitzia 1357. a Schwertel, amerikanische Schwertelwurz 1068. a, b, ¢ Schwertlilie 1068. b, g Schwindelkérner 611. 4 *Schubertia 1962 *Schultesia 783 *Sciadiodaphne 2059 ¥*Scilla 1701, 2066 Scilla, U.S. P. 2066, a Scille (Squille) 2066. a *Scleroderma 2047, i *Scleroderma 737 Scobs styracina 1929. d Scoke 1585. b Scold 620 Scoparius U.S. P. 641, b Scordii herba 1973. e *Scordonia 1973 *S8cordosma 828 Scorpion-grass 1373 *Scorpius 577 Seurzonera, Native 1330, a Scotch-grass 376. a Scouring-rush 758. b Scourwort 1781, a Scratch-grass 1641. b, ¢ Screw-auger 936, a Screw-bean 1664, ¢ Screw Pine 1445. a Screw-stem 238, a Screw-tree 970. a, b Scrofula plank 967. a, 1820.b,¢ . Scrofula-root 785. b Scrofula-weed 1538, x Scrophulaire 1820. a, b Scrub-brush 206. ¢ Scrubby-grass 627. a ScuLLcaP, species £621 Scurvish 1436. a Scurvy 303. d Scurvy-grass 627. a, 488. a Scurvy-grass, Wild 578, a Scurvy-grass, Yellow 235, a Scutch-grass 60. a, 376, a *Scutia 1720 Sea-bean 1365, a Sea-belt 1131. b Sea-bent 382. a Sea-blite 696 Sea-cushion 1903, a 456 GENERAL INDEX. Sea-girdle 1131. a Senna, Wild (European) s 26. b, 1767. . a Boepane, WGeEE Sue xn: Sennesbhitter $96. ¢, d Sea-hay 2158. a Sensitive-plant 1332. a Sea-grass 1754. a, 1763. a, Jsensitiveplant 1361, b 7908. a, 258, vn Sensitive plant, American 49 Sea-staff 1131. a Sonsitive-plaut, W ild 396. f, -thri 202. 767. 3 an2 ee Beawre. Sh. di, 1856.0 Sea-wrack 849. b Septfoil (Setfoil) 1658. g {Sea-w ack 2158. 4 ped tte 829. a Sealwort 1639 Serapias 756 Seaweed 849 *Sereuaea (843 Sebestan (Sebesten) 2085, a *Sericographis 249 *Sebestea 2085 Serpent gra-s 1641. *Sebifera 1266 Serpent's tongue 145° *Sebipira 206 Serpentaire de Virginie Secale cornutum 612, « 182. f | Seckelblume 413, 2 Serpentaria 182.d,f Sedge 382 Serpentaria brasiliana 467.b Sedve, Cinnamon 26. a Serpeptary 182.d,f Sedum majus 1830. a Serpentary, English 1641. ¢ Sedge, Myrtle 28. a Serpolet 1yv4.a Sedge, Sea 2158. a Serpyllum 1994. a Sedge, Sweet 26. a *Serratula 48, 1124, 2093 Sedocke 15. a Serronia 1602 Sedum mious 1824.°a Service-berry 96, 1875, c.d,e See-bright 1769. d Service-tree 1875, a, d, 96 Seebusch 1889. a Serville 1222. b Seed-box 1229, a Sesam (Sésame) 1837, a Seeder 1023. 0 Sesame 1837, a Seedling 112.4 Sesame, German 861. 8 Seeeiche 849, b *Sesbania 630, $99, 1838 Seidelbast 644. ¢ *Seseli 1370 Seidenpflanze 195. ¢ *Setaria 447 Seifenrinde 1705. a Setsicker 1711. h Seifenwurzel 1781. a ee (Setterwort) ifenwurzel, spanische TA a ee b ae Settiswort 974. 8 Seigle 1823, a Setwall 2077. c Seigle, Ergot de 512. a Seven-bark 1031. a Segg, see Sedge Seven-sisters S03. d, k Selfhenl 166°. a, 1775. 0 Seven-year’s-love 18, d ‘Self-heal 1595. c Seyah 7. m . élin de marais 1554. d Seyal (Seyaleh 7. 0 *Selinum 1554 sSeymeria 42 Sellerie 158. a Shad-bush 96 b, ¢ Selly (Seel) 1764' Shad-flower 754. 9, 7:8. a Semaphore plant 1294 Shaddock 606. ¢ Semen contra 187. 0 Shag-bark 1004. dveg Semen sanctum 187. n Shallon 870. ¢ Semencine 187. n Shallot 76. 0 Semper, Rock- 599. « Shamalo (Shamoola) 1496. b Sencion 1831. ¢ Shambrogue 2032. © Séné d’Alexandrie 896. ¢ Sbame-fice Sst a Séné de Tinnevelly 396. d = Shame-vine 1861. s Séné indigdne 545. 9 Shamrock 1475, a *senebiera 578 Shamrock 1291. ¢ Seneca root 1635. h Shamrock, Indian 2636. b ¥*Senecio 760, 1315, 1942 Shamrock, True 2082. e Senecon 1831. g Shamrock, Water 1310. a Senegawurzel_ 1638. h Shamrock, White 282. ¢ Senega-root, False 1638. j Shamrug 2032. 6 Sene_a-rnot, White 1638, j = Shawnee-wood «06, b Senagae radix 1638. h Shave-grass 758, b Senf, gelber 1856. 9 Shavings 469, a Senf (schwarzer) 303. d Shaya 1429, 0 Senf, weisser 1856, a She-Heather 765, b Senf, wilder 1860. 9 She-Holly 1053. a Sengreen 1830. a She-Oak 405 5 Senhalanac 1730, ¢ Shea-tree 240. d SENNA, varieties 396 Sheep-berry 2095, ¢. e ¥*Senna 396 Sheep-blue 563, s Senna, Bastard 545, a Sheep-bur 21xt, b Senna, Bladder 545. a Sheep-bur, Small 1187, a, b Senna, Scorpion 577. b Sheep-foot 1227, a Senna, U.S. P. 396. c,d Sheep-grass 1599, a Sheep-lice 63% a Sheep-nose $42. d Sheep-poison 1103, a, 1475.b Sheep-root 1599. a Sheep-rot 1599. a Sheep-weed 1781. a, 6. a, 1899. a Sheep’s-bit 1088, a Sheep's-cheese 60, a Sheep’s-knapperty 1638. ¢ Sheepsbane 1033, ¢ Sheepwort 1125. a Shell-bark 10Uus a, g Shell-flower 1436. a tShell-aower 463, a Shellac 606. a *shepherdia 1166 Shepherd’s-cale der 116, a Shepherd’s-cluck 116. a, 2016. b She: herd’s-club 2090. b Shepherd’s-delight 116. a Shedherd’s-kuot 1648 g Shepherd's-needles 176, a tShepherd’s-pouch 14.9 a Shepherd’s-purse 329. a Shepherd’s-staif 686 b Shepherd’s-sundial 116. a Shepherd’s-warning U6. a Shephe:d’s-watch 116. a Sheriff-weed 482. e Shield-Fera 712 Shilliog-grass 1023 Shinins-grass 1057, d, 1976. a Shinleaf 1696. a, b, c Shinwood 1963. ¢ Shittim-wood 1721. k, 18iia Shoe-black plant 1003. f Shoe-tlower 1003. f Shoe-make 1730. ¢ Shoe-strings 103. 8 Shoemaker’s-heels 464. d Shoo-tly 284, b Shooting-star 693, a Shore-grass 1215 Shore-weed 1215 Shot-bush 170. ¢, f Shoter 1968. a Shovel-weed $29. 4 Shreetalum sy. a Shunas 1195, ¢ *Sibthorpia 66S Sickle-grass 1641. b, ¢ Sickle-heal 1667, a Sickle-pod 167, b Sickleweed 1667. a tSickle-weed 1641, 1 Sicklewort 1667, a, 63. ¢ *Sicyos 1825 Sicyoides 1845 *Sida S48, 1271 *Sidalcea 986 Siddhi sve. a side-saddle flower 4S1, a Side-saddic plant 1787, a, b *Sideroxylon 324, 826 *Siderorylon 682 Siebenzeit 2082 d *Siegesbeckiu 2092 Siegmarswurz 891, b Sierra salvia 187. ¢ Sii palustris radix 1863. b Silberkraut 1648. a Siliqua dulois 482, a Siliqua hirsuta 1865, 4 *Siliquastrum 436 NUMBERS REFER TO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE. Silk, Virginian 195. c Silk-cotton tree 420. a Silk-grass 488. a, 2144. f Silk-vine 1544. a Silkweed 195 Silkworm tree 1364. a Silphium 828, i Silver-bell 1344, a Silver-berry 735 a Silver-button 121, a Silver-chain 1738. a Silver-feather 1653. a Silver-grass 448. a Silver-head 1506. a Silver-leaf 1914. a, 121. a, 1057. d, 1166. a, 1262. da, 1895, d Silver-rod 1869. c Silver-weed 158, a, 1057. a, 1869. c, 1895. d, 1976. d *Silybum 1280 Simarouba 1854 b *Simaruba 1590 Simarubarinde 1854. a Simbolee oil 449. a Simpler’s-joy 2091. v, f Simson 1831. g *Sinupis 303 Sinapis nivra 303. a Sinicle 1775. a Sinkfi-ld 1658. ¢ Sinngriin 2:00. a Sionthau 707. a *Siphonia 1001 Siri oil 129. d Siringa oil 1001. b Sisal-hemp 56. b *3ison 158, 767 ¥Sisymbrium 74, 167, 685, 1742, 1805, 1873, 1908 Sit-fast 1439, a, 1711. h Sithes (siethes) 76. f *sium 258, 1479, 1595, 1850 Sivven 1750. bh Skaw 177l.e Skaw-coo 1867. j Skeatlegs 1450. d Skedge (Skedgwith) 1194. a Skedlock 1712. a Skeleton werd 474. a Skerrish 1194,a Skeryth 1863. c Skevish 768. b Skewer-wood 801. c Skirret 1595. c, 1863. ¢ *Skoinilon 193 Skorbutkraut 527. a SKULLCAP, species 1821 Skunk-bush 869. a Skunk-weed 1843. a, 1389. a Skyryth (Skyrwort) 1863. c Skytes 135. 4 Sleeping-beauty 1475. a Sleepy-Dick 1458, a Slink-weed 642. a, 1217. a Slipver plant 1524, a Slippery-root 1937, a Slipper-weed (Slippers) 1057. a, d Sloe (S'oo, Slon) 1658. q Sloe 2095, e loe, American 1668, u Sloe-thorn 1668, q Slouvh-heal_ 1667, a Sloven-wood 187. a Slunkweed 802. j Small-pox plant 1787. b, c Smallache 158. a Smallage 158 a Smallage, Marsh 1554, d Smartweed 1641.1 Smartweed, Dotted 1641.0 Smartweed, Water 1641. 0 Smear-dock 464, d Smeetalum 580. a Smellage 1190. a Smellboxes 133. g Smelling-stick 1788. a Smelling-wood 187. a Smelly-million 613. a Smick-svock 379, ¢ Smiddy-leaves 464, d *Smilacina 2061, 2076 Smoke-tree 583 Smoke-wood 514. d Smoking-bean 406 Smut 2071 Smut of Rye 512. a Smut-ball 1238, a *Smyrnium 1554, 1979,2154 Snaffles 1523. a Snag-bush 1668. q Snagrel 182. f Snake-berry 28. b, 320. b, 1838, a, 1867. j Snake-bite 2036. a, 1125. a, 1773. a Snake-flower 731. a, 83. b, 1132. a, 1236. a, 2031. a Snake-grass 1373. a, 83. b Snake-head 463. a Snake-leaf, Yellow 785. b Suvke-leaves 1814, a Snake-milk £03. a Snake-mouth 1630. a Snake-pipes 758. c Snake-plant 583 Snake-wood 1621. a Snake-wood tree 1923. a, d Snake’s-head 847. ¢ Snake’s-meat 189. a Snake’s-tongue 1445 +Snakeroot 27 a,b. 1831. a Snakeroot, Black 497. a, 194, a, 1775. b, ¢ Snakeroot, Brazilian 467. b Snakeroot, Button 1124. a,b, 781. a Snakeroot, Canada 194. 4 Snakeroot, Corn 781. a, 1124, b Snakeroot, European 194. f Snakeroot, Evergreen 1638. ¢ Snakeroot, Heart 194. a Snakeroot, Indian 1446. a Snakeroot, Poison 555. a Snakeroot, Sampson 882. g, 1679. e Snakeroot, Senega, 1633. h Snakeroot, Short-styled 775. © Snakeroot, Vermont 194. a Snakeroot, Virginia 182. f Snakeroot, White 802. a, b Snakeweed 182. f, 1125. a, 1641. 6 Snakeweed, Poison 495. b, 5F5. a Snakewort, 1641. 6 Snap-berry 1936, ¢ Snap-jack 83. b Snap-weed 1057. a, d Snap-wood 250. a 457 Snapdragon 151, esp. a {Snapdiagon 168. b, 1057. d, 1205. a Snappers 83. b, 1851. b Snatch-weed 868. a Sneeze-weed 965 Sneezewort 965, 2089, a Sneezewort, Tansy 18.d Snottle-berry 1963. a Snow-flower 469. a Snow-in-harvest 514. d Snow-on-the-mountain 167. a, 803. i Snow-plant 1785, a Snowhall, Little 428. » Snowball, Wild 415. a Suowball-bush 2095 d Snowberry 1936, b, 467 Snowberry, Creeping 468. a Snowdrift 167. a, 1112.a Snowdrop 857 +Snow-drop 1936, b Snowdrop tree 1344, a Snowdrop, Yellow 785. b Snow-drops 183, j Snow-flake 654. b Snuff bean 688. a Soafs 1764 Soap-apple 471. a Soap-burk tree 1705. a, b Soap-berry 1779. a, b Soap-bulb 471. a Soap-plant 471, a, 2144, e, 2159. b Soap-root 1781. u }tSoap-root (185 Soap-root, California 471. a Soap-root, Levant 935. b Soap tree 1703. a Soapwort, Common 1781. a Soapwort, Field 2074. a Soapwort, Spanish 935. b *Soccus 188 *Soda 1767 *Soja 900 Sol begrella 1774, b Sol-Hower 967. b *Solanoa 1802 *Solanum 1239 Solanum racemosum 1583, b Soldiers 133. g, 1137. b, 1250, a, 1753 a Soldier’s-buttons 355, Soldier’s-cap 262. b Soidier’s pocket 1450, b Soldier’s plume 938. g *Solea 612 Solentine 1057. d *Solidago 300, 309, 809,926, 1551 Solomun’s-puzzles 1824. ¢ SOLOMON’S-SEAL, species 1639 Solomon’s-seal, False 2076.a Solomon’s-seal, Smal] 2076. a Solomon’s-seal, Two-leaved 2061. a Solomon’s-seal, Zigzag 2076. a Somerwort 182. ¢e Sommereiche 1704. q Son-before-the-father 534. a ¥Sonchus 1125 Sonnendistel 384. a Sonnenhirse 1214. ¢ Sonnenriéschen 967 Sonnenthau 707. a 458 Soodbrod 432, a Sooja $00. a Soo.acks (Sorrow) 1753. a *Sophora 234 Sorb 187. e So:bes 1875. d *Sorbus 628 Sorghum 1876. b SORREL, varieties 1753,a,c,d Sorrel, Guinea 103, Sorrel, Ladies’ 1475. Sorrel, Mountain 1480, a Sorrel, Red 1003. g Sorrel, Ruund-leaved 1480.a Sorrel, Sheep 1475. a, b Sorrel, Tree 222 Sorre], Wood 1475 Sorrel-tree 1477. a pporeh ince 1592. a Sorrel-vine 502.a Souari (Suwarrow) 393. b Souchet comestible 638, b Souci 344. a Soutre végétal 1240. a Sour-bush 347. a Sour-dock, Bureal 1480. a Sour-guurd tree 32 Sour-grass 1753. a, b Sour-sabs (Sour-suds) 1758. a Sour-sauce 1753. a Sour-sop 140. b Sourberry 1476. b Sourock (Suurack) 1753. a Sourwood 1477. a Southernweod 187. a, f Sow-berry 1476. b, 251. © Sow-bread 625 a Sow-dindle (dingle) 1871. b, ¢ Sow-fennel 1554. b Sow-foot 2053. a Sow-grass 578. a Sow THISTLE, species 1871 Sow-tit 842. d, 175. p Sowbane 464. f Sowdwort 166. b, 1767. a Soy bean 900 a Spadic 787. a Spanierfeixe 1449, b Spanish-bayonet 2144. a, c Spanish-dapger 2144. a Shanish-needles 263. e Spanish-tuft 176, ¢ Sparagus (Sperage) 199. «a Sparganophorus 1812 Sparge! 199. a Sparkleberry 2075. a Sparrow-grass 199. a Sparrow-tongue 1641. d Sparrow’s-dung 1767. a *Spartianthus 1882 *Spartium 641 Spartium scoparium 641. b Spatlum 1191. a Spatmore 892. a Spatter-dock 1420. a Spearmint 1308. j Spechtwurzel 673. ¢ *Specularia 1154 SPEEDWELL, rpecies 2094 Speedwell 1554. c Speedwell, Tall 1171. a Speer-hawk 1005 Speerkraut 1634. a Speichelwurzel 115. a Speknel 1323. a GENERAL INDEX. Spelt 2040. a Sperage 199. a Spergule 1884. a *Spergula 1761 *Spergularia 2005 *Sphaerococcus 477, 887, 943 Spic 1145. a Spica celtica 2077. a Spica nardi 1386. a Spice-berry 170. e, 870. b Spice-bush 250 Spice-bush 332 pice-tree 2059. a Spice-wood 250. a, b Spid+r-flower 515 Spider-p ant 1792, a Spiderwort, Common 2014.2 Spigélie anthelmintique 1892. a Spigéliedu Maryland 1892.b Spignel (Spickuel) 1323. a Spignet 170. e, 1323. a Spike, Oil of 1145. b Spikenard 129. ¢ pikenard, American 170. e Spikenard, California 170. a Spikeuard, Celtic 2077. a Spikenard, East Indiam 1386. a Spikenard, False 2076. a Spikeuard of ( reve 2077. g Spikenard, Plowman’ s 1062. b, 226. a Spikenard, Small 170. ¢ Spikenard, True 1386. a Spikenard, Wild 2076. a Spikenard tree 170. f Spikenel (Spike-nail) 1323.a Spulbaum 801. ¢ Spinach 1891.4 Spinach, Australian 1970. b Spinach, French 463, g Spinach, Mountain 218. f Spivach, New Zealand 1970. a Spinach, Strawberry 273. a Spinach, Victorian Bower 1970. b Spinach, Wild 464. a, d, 259, a Spinae cervinae baccae 1721.4 Spinage 1894, a Spindle-tree 801. b, c Spink 379 ¢ Spinnen distel 525. a *Spiraea 140, 450, 45!, 833, 1014, 1281, 1448, 1655, 2057, 2087 Spircea 2057. a *Spiranthes 936, 1909 Spirit-weed 937. a Snitzklette 2131, b Spleenwort 204 Spleenwort bush 551. a Split-rock 1000. a Spogel-seed 1611. € *Sponia 2019 Sponge, Vegetable 1232. a Spenge-tree 7. d Spool-wood 261. ¢ Spoon-flower, Arrow-leaved 1528. a Spoon-hunt 1103, d Spoon-hutch 1728. d Spoonwood 1103. a Spoonwort 527.a Spotted tree 835. a Spotted-Mary 1692, a Sprangles 415, a Spree-spinkle 1450. ad Spreusidany 1554. b Spingel 839. a Spring-b suty 513. a, b +Spriug-beauty 981. b Spring-bloom 225. b Spring-daisy, Rose 768. ¢ Spring-gra,s 147, a Spring-plant 2081. a Springgurke (Spritzgurke) 724. a Springkérner, kleine * 803. g Springwort 803. g SPRUCE, species 1587 Spruce, Big-cone 1674. k Spruce, Cat 1587. a Sqrure, Double 1587. b 7Spruce, Double 2.¢ Spruce, Douglas 1674. a Spruce, Hemlock 2046. a Spruce, Norway 2.2 Spruce, Patton’s 2046, b Spruce, Single 1487, a fSpruce. Single ap Spruce, Weeping 2046. a Spruce-vum-tree 1587. b Spud 1867. n Spunk 1644. a SPURGE, species 803 Spurge, Alleghany Moun- tain 1486. 4 Spurge, Slipper 1524. a Spurry, Coru 1884. a Spurry, Sand 2005. a Spurt-grass 1809, a Spurwort 1840. a Squanter-squash 614, b Square-stalk 1820. b, ¢, 1348. a Squash 614. b,c, d Squash, Crookneck 614. c,d Squash, Guinea 1867, k Squash-berry 295. m Squatmore 592. a Squaw-berry 2075, n Squaw-bush 2095. d, 576. b- Squaw-drops 558. a Squaw-tlower 2036. b Squaw-root 497. a, 418. a,” 558. a, 2036. b Squaw-vine 1336 a +Squaw-weed 206. h, 802. a? Squaw-weed (Swamp) 1831.a SQUILL, species 1808 Squill 2066. a Squill, Pancratic 1494, a Squinancy 201. a Squine 1865. b Squirrel-cup 98t. b Squirrel-corn 262. a, c Squirrel-ear 1548 a Squirrel-shoes 638. a, etc Squirrel’s-grand father 288.a Squitch-grass 60, a Stabwurzel 187. a Stachelbeere 1732. i *Stachychrvsum 35 *Stachys 260 *Stachytarpheta 2079 Staff-tree 421 Staff-vine 421. a Stag-bush 2095. e NUMBERS REFER TO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE. Stagger-bush 1592. a Stagger-grass 2150. a Staggerweed 262. a, c,656. « Staggerwort 1831. f Staghorn (Sumac) 1730. d Stah-up-un-ga-weg 2u94. f Stanlkraut 2091, rf Stainch 1439, a Stamimerwort 95. a Stan-march 1866 a Standerwort 1450. d Staphadriansamen 656. d Staphidis agriue semen 656. d Staphisaigre 656. d *Staphisagria 656 Star-anise 1055 Star-apple 486. a Star-bloom 1892. b Star-cucumber 1845. a Star-flower 2031. a, 83. b, 1458. a, 1648. ¢ +Star-flower 284. a Star-flower 206, h Star-grass 68, 201.b }Star-grass 455, a Star-grass, Faise 68. a Star-gruss, Water 993. a Star-grass (Yellow) 1047 Star-of-Bethlehem 1458. a +Star-of-Bethlehem 1022. a, 31. a Star-of-Jerusalem 2016. b Star-of-the-earth 88). d, 16il.a Star-root 68. a Star-thistle 423. a, b Starch-root 189. a Starchwort 181. b Stare 382. « Starwort, Mealy 68. a Starwort 83 Starwort, Drooping 455. a Starwort, Pine 1065 Starwort, Sandpaper 1065, a Starwort, Yellow 1062. a *Statice 1202 Staunchwort 149. a Staverwort 1831. f Stavesacre 656. d Stay-plow 1439. b Steadiast 14°9. a Stechapfel 649."b, c | Stecheiche 1053. a Stechginster 2056, a Stechkérner 1280, a Stechpalme 10353. a Stechwind nwurzel 1865. e Stedfast 1735. a *Steenhammera 1623 Steeple-busn 1895, d Steffensia 1602 Steinbeere 2075. p Steineiche 1704. q Steinklee 1300. b Steinklee, blauer 2032. d Steinkraut 1824. a Steinsamen 1214, ¢ *Stellaria 83 *Stellandria 1801 *Stephanomeria 1689 Stephanskérner 656. d Stepmother 2102. f *Sterculia 533, 655, 1128. a Sternanis 1055. d Sterndistel 423. b Sternleberkraut 201. b *Stevia 837, 1646 Stevia 802. a eee (Stickleback) 63. 3. @ Stick-button 174, a, b Stick-pile 777. a Stick-seed=59, 1137 Stick-tight 1137, 263. ¢ Stick-weed 59. b, etc, 95. a, 2092. a Stick-weed, Old Virginia 206. d Stickadore 1145. c Stickleback 863 Stickwort 59 Stickwurz 320. b Stiefmiitterchen 2102. f Stigwata maydis 2148. a *Stillingia 1780 Stillingie 1914, a Stinging-bush 109l.a ane Devirs 2067.4 Stink 649. b, ¢ Stink-weed 649, b, c Stinkasant 828, b Stinkivg-Roger 230. a Stinking-Willie 1831. f Stinkkamillen 145. b Stinklattich 1125. f Stinknessel 1900, a Stitchwort, Greater 83. b Stitson 1043. a Stockmalve 87. b Stockrose 87. b *Stizolobium 1365 *Stoepelina 1124 Stove-bloom 1668. q Stone-parsley, Bastard 1849. a Stone-pine 1601. a, b Stone-root 59. b Stone-rue 204. ¢ Stone-seed 1214. a Stone-weed 1641. d SLONECROP, species 1824 Stonecrop, Ditch 1534, a Stonecrop Virginia 1584. a Stounard 1824. a Stouy-hard 1214. c Stopper 796. j, k,1, m STorax, species 1929 Storax 1210. a Storaxbalsam £210. 4 Stor hschnabel 883 Stork’s-bill 777, 883. a Stortioner 2044. a Stover-nut 400. ¢ Stragalkatfee 208. a Strainer-vine 1232. a Stramoine 649. b, ¢ Stramoninm 649. b,c Strandnelke 1202. c Strangle-tree 620, 1459, a, 2066. d Strangle-weed 620 STRAWBERRY, species 842 Strawberry, Barren 1658. e Strawberry, Barren or Dry 21 Strawberry, Rog 547. a Strawberry, Indian 273. a, 715, a Strawberry, Mock 715 Strawberry, Yellow 715. a Strawberry bush or shrub 801. a, b, 382 Strawberry-plant 1792. a 45 ‘ Strawberry-tassel 1638, g Strawberry-tree 801. b Strawberry-tree, European 172. b *Streptopus 690 Streupuiver 1240. a Strin,s-of-sovereigns 1249.a Stingy-bark 790. q, r Strobili humuli 1028, a Strohblume 969, a. Strong-man’s weed 15°0. a *Strutbiopteris 1438, b Strychnossamen 1923. d Stubwort 1475. a Stud-Hower 975 Sturdy 1220. a Sturmhut 25. i Sturtion 2044. a *Stylaudra 1628 *Stylipus 885 *Stylisma 308 *Stylocline 125, 989 *Stylurus 917 *Styphonia 1730 Styptic-bur 1662. a Sty ptic-weed 396. i Styrax calamitus 1929, d Styrax liquidus 1210. a Styrax solidus 1929, d *Suaeda 696 Succamore 16.4 Succin 1600. a Succinui 1600. a *Succisa 1794 Succory 494 Succory gum 474, a Succory, Hoy’s 183. a Suceory, Lamb 184. a Succory, Swine’s 183. a Suck-bottle 1132. a Suckie-Sue 11382, a Suckles 2032. f Suckling 1222. b, 2032. g Sucrerot 1863. ¢ Sugar-apple 140. d, e Sugar-berry 422, a, 96. c Sugar-bush 1665, a Sugar-cane 1759. a Sugar-cane, Chivese 1876. b Sugar gum-tree 790. b Sugar-pear, Swamp 96. b Sugar-palm 178 a, 1570. ¢ Sugar-pine 1601. h **Suksdortia 978 Sulphur-root 1554. b Suiphur-weed 1454. b Sulphurwort 1554. b SuMAC, species 1730 Sumac, Cninese 62 b Sumac, Currier’s 574. a Sumac, Mountain 1875, a Sumac, Tanner’s 574. a Sumac, Venice 583. b ¢Sumac, Wild 1376. ¢ Sumach, see Sumac Sumbul 828. h *35umbulus 828 Summer-snowflake 1458. a Sumpfnelkenwurzel 885. b Sumpfporsch 1153. b Sumpfsilge 1554. d Sumpfziest 1900. a Sun-dial 1235 Sun-plant 1656. a Sun-rose 9u7,a_b Sun-weed 603. d SUNDEW, species 707 460 Sundrops 1107. 4 Sunsower 968 *Sun-flower 116. a, 344. a Sunflower, Brook 263, h Sunflower, Cone-disk 1751.b Sunflower, False 965. a, ‘ Suntlower, Tickseed ’ 268. a. b, c, 571 Sun-flower, Red 304. b Sunflower, Swamp 965, a Sunflower, Turpentine 1852. ¢ Sunflower, Wild 1062. a Supple-jack 252 *Suprago 2093 Sureau 1771. e Surelle 1475. a Surinam bark 2110. c Siisstaru 1643. a \ Siis-holz 902. b Siissholz, indisches 4.a Suter-berry 2146. ¢ Swallowwort 195 +Swallowwort 462. a, 803. m Swallowwort, White 630, b Swamp-berry 1750. 1 Swamp-candles 1249. c Swamp-robin 345. a, 355. a Swamp-wood 689, a, 428. a Swan-weed 206. h Swarms 74, a Swarms 1593. under (e) Sweat-weed 87. a Sweating plant 892. i Sweating-weed 1003. d Sweeps 423. d Sweet-Alice 167. a Sweet-amber 1043. a Sweet-ash 148. c Sweet-bean 895. b Sweet-Benjamin 187. a Swe-t-berry 2095. ¢ Sweet-Betsies 432. b Sweet-Betty 1781. a Sweet-bush 551. a Sweet-flag, False 1068. e Sweet-gale, Canada 551. a Sweet-grass 26. a, 201. b, 2158. a SWEET-GUM, species 1210 Sweet-hay 2057. a Sweet heart 1824, d Sweet-hearts 863. a Sweet-John 664, b Sweet-leaf 1043. a, 1938. a Sweet-Mary 1302. a, 1348. a Sweet-meadow 2057. a Sweet-Nancy 1385. e Sweet-pod 432, a Sweet-potato 1068, a Sweet-potato, Wild 1066. n Sweet-root 902.b, 26,a,1634.c Sweet-rush 26, a Sweet-scented Shrub 332.a,b Sweet-sedge 26. a Sweet-slumber 1773, a Sweet-sop 140. e Sweet-Susan 1851. a Sweet-William 664.b, 1702.b Sweet-William (Mock) 1236, b Sweet-William, Wild 1569.b, ete., 1781, a Sweet-Wilson 1792. b Sweet-wood 902. b Sweet wood tree 606. b GENERAL INDEX. *Swertia 1; 1758, 1969 *Swietenia 1106, 1879 Swine-bread 625. a Swine’s-bane 464. f. g Swine’s-grass 1641, d Swinies 1471. b, ¢ Sycamine 1364. a +Sycamine 1222. b Sycamore 831. i, 16. d Sycamore, False 1612. a, Sylibi fructus 1280. a Sylphium cyreniacum 1978.b *Sy mphoria 1936 *Symphoricarpa 1936 *Symplocarpus 1883 *Synthyris 2128 Syria Balsam or Balm 550,¢e Syringa, Garden 1564. a b Tabak (Tabac) 1410. b Tacamahac 1666. b, 353. a,b, 1652. b Tacamaque tcrreuse 1666. b Tacker-grass 1641, d Tad-pipes 758, ¢ Takamahak (Takmak) 353.a Talipot Palm 580 Tallow, Bay-berry 1375. b Tal'ow, Becuiba 1377, a Tallow, Mafura 2026. a Tallow, Piney 2086 a Tallow, Vegetable 1780. « Tallow, Virola 2103. a Tallow-nut 2138. a Tallow-root 2004. a Tal ow-shrub* 1375. b Tallow-tree 2086. a Tallow-tree, Chinese 1780. a Tallow-wood 790. q Tamarack 1138. a, ¢ Tamaric (Tamaricke) Tamarind, Manila 1608. a Tamarind tree 1954. a Tamarind, Wild 1248. a Tamarindemous 1944. a Tamarindier 1954. a Tamari-scus 195% TAMARISK, Species 1955 Tamarisken-Ga len 1955, a Tame-poison 630, b Tan-bark tree 2046. a, b *Tanacetum 482 Tangerine 506. 1 Tangle 1131. a, b Tangle-herry 873. ¢ Tangle-foot (Tangle-legs) 9% Tangle-tail 1824. a Tanghin (Tanguen) 1958. a Tanhoof 894. a Tank 1516. a Tanne 2. f Tanner’s-apron 1660. a Tannier (Tanier) 2135. a Tansy 1£57. a fTansy 18. a, 1831. f ‘Tansy, African 1951, a Tansy, Dog’s 1648. a Tausy, Doube 1947, a Tansy, Guose 16 8.8 Tansy, Maudlin 18.e Tansy, White 59. a {Tansy, White 18. d Tansy, Wild 1658. a, 95. a tTansy, Wild 49.a Tansy-mustard 1873 Tanya 54l.a Tapa 316. a Tape-grass 2081. a *Tapia 593 Tapioca (Tapioka) 1276. b,e Taqua-nut 1584. a Tar 16:1. p, 8” Tar, European 1138. d Tar-bottle 423, d Tar-weed 588. a, 918, 980 1260, 1511 +Tar-weed 772. a Tar-weed, Blue 2030. b Tare, Common 2096. a Tare, Hairy 2096. d Tare, Wild 2096. e Taro 541. a Tarragon 187, e Tarrify 782. b Tartarian-lamb 492. a Tartoufle 2047 Taschenpfeffer 377. a *Tasmaunia 706 ‘Tassel 423. d, 686. b Tassel-biir 38 Tassel-flower 1118. a, b Tassel-grass 1754. a Tassel-weed 95. a Tattered-fringe 938, a Tauaré 1152. a Taubnessel 1132. a Taumelkorn 1220 a Tausengu'denkraut 788. a Tawkin 1463. a Tayuya 414, 6, 2021. a *Taxodium 1832 Tea, Abyssinian 408. a Tea, African 627 Tea, Appalachian 1053. k tTea, Appalachian 2095. b Tea, Arabian 408. a Tea, Bahama 1135. a Tea, Blue Mountain 1869. a Tea, Botany Bay 1865. ¢ Tea, Brazilian 2079. a Tea, Broussa 2075. b Tea, Bush 627 Tea, Canadian 870. b Tea, Carolina 1033. k Tea, Chinese 1980. a Tea, Continental 1153. a nees oe 136. a ea, False Paraguay 2095, Tea, Isle of Bourbon. 136, : Tea,“James’ 1143, a Tea, Java 1466. a Tea, Jersey 415.0 Tea, Jerusalem 464, b Tea, Jesuit’s 1053. e NUMBERS REFER TO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE. 461 fies, Jesuit’s 464, b,1679.d Tetter- Tetterwort 462. a, 1773.8 Teufelsaugenkraut 1041. b Teufelsdreck 828, b Teufelsflucht 1043. b *Thalictrodes 497 *Thalictrum 1940 ea, Labrador 1158 Tea, Malay 1679.a Tea, Marsh 1153 b, 1763. a Tea, Mexican 464. b, 1679.d Tea, Mountain 870. b Tea, New Jersey 415. a Tea ot Heaven 1031. b Tea, Oswego 1348. a, d Tea, Paraguay 1053. e Tea, Prairie 406. e Tea, Redberry 870. b Tea, St. Bartholomew’s 1053. e Tea, South-sea 1053. k Tea, Spanish 464. b Tea, Sweet 1865. ¢ Tea, Teamster’s 752. a Tea, Walpole 415. a Tea, Whorehouse 752. a Tea, Wild 103. a % Tea-berry 870. b, 1782. i Tea-berry, White 468, a Tea-plaot 2095. c Tea-plant, Canary Is. 1847.a Tea-tree, Duke of Argyll’s 1237. ¢ Teak, Bastard 331. a, 1682.c Teak, Ben 1127. a Teak, New Zealand 2107 Teak, True 1981. a Tear-thumb 1641. b, ¢ Teasel 686 *Tecoma 1880 *Tecomaria 1964 *Tectona 1981 Teel (Til) 1837. a Teil 1999. b Telegraph plant. 1294. b Telephii heiba 1824. ¢ *Telfairia 106 Tellicherry bark 1011.4 *Tellina 1213 Ten-o’clock 1458, a Tench-weed 1657. a Tengtongues 1742. b Tentwort 204. c *Tephrosia 590 Téphrosie 590. d Térébenthine au citron 2. f Téréhenthine d’ Alsace 2, f Térébenthine de Strasbourg 2. Térébenthine de Venise 1138. b Térébenthine des Vosges 2.f Térébenthine du Canada 2.b Terebinthina 1601 Terebinubina argentoraten- sis 2. f£ Terebinthina canadensis 2.b Terebinthina chia (cypria) 1605. e Terebenthina veneta 1138, b *Terfezia 2047. h *ferminalia 322 *Ternatea 522 Terpentin, canadischcr 2. b Terra de la Nouvelle- Orleana 266, a Terra japonica 7. b, 1,1473. a Terrididdle 1867, j Tesota 1433. a . Tether-devil 1867. j , Tether-toad 1711, h *Tetradymia 1169, 1670 *Tetranthera 1266, 2059 *Thaspium 949, 2154 Thatch-palm, Silver 1990. a Thé du Canada 870, b Thebaicus succus 1497. d Thee (Thé) 1980. a Thee, canadischer 870. b Thee, indischer 1053, k Theve-thorn 1750. g Thimble-berry 1750. k, 1 tThimble-berry 1750. p Thimble-tower 1667. a Thimble-weed 1118, b,133.j,k Thimbles 677,'a THISTLE, species 381 ° Thistle, Argentine 1440. a Thistle, Bitter 425. a Thistle, Blessed 525. a Thistle, Blue 731. a Hare’s 1871. b, ¢ Hedgehog 1419. a Holy 525. a, 1280. » 7 amanedeaeaved Thistle, nen Yellow 0 Thist e, Lady’s 1280. a Thistle, Milk 1871. b, ¢, 280. Thistie, Oat 1440. a Thistle, Our Lady's 525. a, Thistie, Poppy 180 Thistle, Queen Mary’s Thistle, Russian 1767.¢ Thistle, St. Benedict’s 525.a Thistle, Scotch 381. b,c, 0, Thistle, Sow 1871 Thistle, Spotted 525. a Thistle, Star- 423. a, b Thistle, Swine 1871. a Thistle, Virgin Mary’s 280. Thirst-plant 1778 *Thlaspi $29, 1168 THORN, species 592 Thorn, Black 2095. c Thorn, Box 1237. c Thorn, Christ’s 1491. a, 2155. b tThorn, Christ’s 584. a Thorn, Egyptian 7. a +Thorn, Egyptian 584, a Thorn, Evergreen 584. a Thorn, Fire 584. a Tnorn, Goat’s 208. f Thorn, Jerusalem 1504. a Thorn, Kafir 1237, a Thorn, Karoo 7, h Thorn, Maize (Mouse) 423.b Thorn, May 592. a Thorn, Possum 2095. 1 Thorn, Rain-berry 1721. d Thorn, Theve 175v. g Thorn, Thirsty 7. 0 Thorn, Wait-a-bit 953, a Thorn, White 592. a Thorn, Wire 1943. a Thorn-apple 649. b, c tThorn-apple 592. (g)} Thoro-plum 592. (g) Thorough-stem 802. i Thorough-wax (Thorow- wax) 727, a, 802. i Thoroughwort 802. g, i, I,n, esp. i, 827. a Thousand-leaf 18. a Thread-and-needle 2144. f Thread-foot 1627. a Thread-of-life 1792. » Three-buds 1630, b -Thridace 1125. da Thrift, European 1903. « Thrift, Sea 1903. a *Thrincia 1163 Throat-root 885. b, e Throatwort 362. f, 1820. b, ¢ {Throatwort 677. a, 1124. Through-wax 802. i tThrowwort 1165. a Thrumwort 91. a Thrumwort, Great 72. *Thuja 349, 453, 1192 Thunder-flower 83. b 1234, a, 1497. ¢ ° Thunder-plant 1830. a Thuris coy tex 606. b Thus 289. a, d Thus, American 1601. i, 8 Thuya 1992. b *Thnya, see Thuja Thym 1994. b *Thymbra 1251 THYME, species 1994 Thyme, Basil 520. a,c Thyme, Cat 1973. ¢ Thyme, Field or Horse 520.4 Thyme, Mountain 1111, b Thyme, Virginia 1111. b Thyme, Water 1566. a Thyme-weed 1566, a Thymeleae cortex 644 Thymian 1994, b Thymian, wilder 1994. a Thymol 1690. a *Thymus 520 Thymus cataria 1973. ¢ *Thysselinum 1554 Tia 1760. a *Tiarella 207, 1173 Tick-seed 575 Tick-trefoil 1294 462 GENERAL INDEX. Tickle-weed 2089. b Tom Bontrin’s-bush 1961.a Treaclewort 1939. a Tickweed 960. a Tom Pimpernowl 116, a Tread-softly 1091. a *Tiedemannia 1479 Tomatillo 1578. ¢ Treasure-of-love 1824, a Tiger-flower 1998 Tomato 1239. a Tree-beard 2001. a Tiger-lily, Dwarf 879. a Tomato, Husk 1578. b Tree-fern 84, 492 Tiger-wood 349. a, 1253, b Tomato, Strawberry 1578 tTree-fern 1471. b Tiger’s-milk 813. a Tonga 757, a, 1659. a Tree-hair 2070. a ‘ Tiger’s-mouth 151. a Tonga-bean 688. a, b Tree-of-heaven 62 *Tiglium 606 Tongue 206. a Tree-of-the-gods 62. b Tiglium 6u6. h Tongue-grass 1168. a,b,c, Tréfled’eau 1310. a Tika 1253. a 83. ¢ TREFOIL, species 2032 Tikor 619. a Tonka-bean 688. a, b Trefoil, Bean 1310. a, 641. a Til 1837. a Tonkabohnen 688. a Trefoil, Bird’s-foot 1227. a Til-seed 925. a Tonquin-tean 688. a, b Trefoil, Bitter 1310. a Til-tree 1999 b Tooart 790. n Trefoil, Black 1291. ¢ +Till-seed 1160. a Toon tree 417. b Trefoil, Golden 981 b Tillet (Tilet) 1999, b Tuot-poison 674, b Trefoil, Great 1291. d Tilleul 1999. b Tooth-brush tree 1768. « Trefoil, Hart's 1300. b Tilly seeds 606. g, h Tooth-cup 97. a Trefvil, Heart 1291. a Timboe 1836. a Tooth-pick plant 98. a Trefuvil, Hop 1291. ¢ Tinder, German 1644.d Tooth-root 660 Trefoil, Marsh 1310, a Tine-grass 2096. ¢ Toothache-tree 2136. c,170.f Trefofl, Melilot 1291. ¢ Tine-tare 1141. j, 2096. d Touthache-tree, New Zea- Trefvil, Moon 1291. b Tine-weed 2096. d land 1320. a Trefoil, Shrubby 1681. « Tinker’s weed (Tinker’s- Toothwort 660, 1620. « ‘Trefoil, Sour 1475. a root) 2037.a tToothwort 329. a Trefoil, Spanish 1291. d Tipsen 1043. a Topana 392. c Trefoil, Sweetsmelling 802.¢ Tipsin (Tipsinna) 1679. b Toper’s plant 1774. ¢ Trefvil, Water 1310.a Tiresome-weed 2158. a Yopinambour 968. b *Trianosperma 414 Tischlerschachtelhalm 758.b Torch-wvod 112, *Tribulus 1102 Tiss-wood 1344. a, 1546. a Torches (Torchwort) 2090.b *Tricerastes 648 Tithymal 803. ¢ *Tordylum 411 *Trichophyllum 228 *Tithymalus 803 *Torilis 411 *Trichostema 1070 Tili 519. a *Torilis 148. a Trick-madam 1824. b Titi, Red (or White) 637. a Tormentil (Thormantle) Trickle 660. a Titson (Titsy) 1043. a 1658 ¢ *Tricratus 3 Tivers 863 *Tormentilla 1658 *Trifolium 1300, 1731, 1928 To-sai-shin 194. g Tormentilla root 1658. g Trifolium aureum 981. b Toa 405. a Tormentillwurzel 1658, g Trifolium fibrinum 1310. a Toad-flax 1205, 740 Tornillo 1664, ¢ Trifoly, Sea 893. a Toad-flax, Bastard 546. a *Torreya 1939, 2050 Trifoly, Sour 1475. a Tood-tlax, Ivy-leaved 629.a Torrey rree 2050. b Trinitatis herba 2102. f Toad-lily 513. d Tortelle 1860. a Trip-madam 1824 a, b Toad-pipes (Tad-pipes) Tory-wee | 633. a Trip-toe 2095, a 758. ¢ Touch-and-heal 1043. a, b *Tripolium 299 Toad-root 28. b Touchb-leaves 1043. a *Tripterella 32S Toad-spit 1159 Touch-me-not 1057 Tristram’s-knot 370.a Toad’s-mouth 151. a Touch-weed 1332. b *Triticum 60 Toad’s-tail 1240. a Touchwood 1641. a Triticum U.S. P. 60 a Toadstoot 53 Toulema 369. a Trixaginis herba 1973. b TOBACCO, species 1410 Touloucouna 378. b *Trixis 1541 Tobacco, British 2053. a Tous les mois 369. c, 2344. a Troll-Hower 2043. a, b Tobacco, Indian 1217. b Tournesol 1150. b Trompetenblatt 1787. b Tobacco, Indian 144, b Toute-épice 1594. b Trowpillo 1867. p Tobacco, Ladies’ 121. a, Tow-cok (Tow-cock) 2098.4 *Troximon 58, 1416, 1596 144, b *Toxicodendron 1730 True-love 2036. b Tobacco, Mountain 183.a Tuyon (Tollon) 997. a Truffe de cerf 737. a Tobacco, Oregon 2077. b Toywort 329, a TRUFFLE, species 2047 Tobacco, Poison 1041. b Tragacanth 208. f, ete +Truffle 559. a Tobacco, Rabbit 904. a Tragacanth, African 1912,c Truffle, Hart’s 737. a Tobacco, Riverside 1619. b Tragacanth, Indian 1912. d Truffle, Tuckahne 1238. b Tobacco, Wild 1205, a,1217.b Tragacanth, Senegal 1912.c Trumpet Creeper 1964, a Tobacco, Woman’s 144. b Tragacantha 208. f, etc Trumpet-flower 265 Tobacco-root 1191. a,2077.b Traganth 208. f, ete Trumpet-flower, Evening Tobacco-weed 741. a Traubenfarrn 1471, b 78. 2 Tobacco-wood 944. a Traubenkraut. 464. b, e Trampet-flower (Virginia) Toddy 178. a, 285, a, 394. u, fTraveler’s-delight 157. a 1964. a 529. b, 1570. ¢ Traveler’s-joy 514. ¢ d, Trumpet-leaf 1787 Toe-nails 1284. a tTraveler’s-joy 1240, a Trumpet-plant 1787, a Todtenblume 344, a Traveler's tree 1714, a Trumpet-vine 1964, a Tolemane, Fecule de 369. 1 Treacle, Clown’s 76. e Trumpet-weed 802. j, 1125.a Tollkirsche, (Tollkraut) Treacle, Countryman’s Trumpets 1125. a 219.0 1756, a Trumpets, (Yellow) 1787. a Tollkérner 117, a Treacle, English 74. a, Tshuking 187. ¢ Tolmeiner 664. b 1973, e Tuber-root 195, d *Tolmiada 507, 1173 Treacle, Poorman’s 74.a, *Tuberosa 1635 Tolu-balsam 2008. c 76. ¢e Tuberose 1635. a NUMBERS REFER TO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE. Tuberose, Wild 936. a Tuckaho (Tuckahoo) 1238.b Tuckahoe 1238. b, 1463. a fTuckahve 1528, b Tucum oil 210. a Tuggur 165 a Tule (Tule Rush) 1809. a Tule root 1762 TULIP, species 2049 Tulip, Butterfly 351. c Tulip, Cape 939. a Tulip, Pine 466. b Tulip, Wild 351. ¢ Tulip-tree 1211. 5 FTulip-tree 1262. alis- wood 1474. b Tulipier 1211. a *Tullia 1111 Tulpenbaum 1211. « Tulucuna 378. b Tumbler-weed 91. c, 575. a, 626, 1679. h Tumeric see Turmeric *Tunica 664 TUPELO, species 1421 Tipfelfarru 1643. a Turbith vegétal 1444. a *Turia 1232 Turkey-beard 2137 Turkey-b+rry 1936. ¢ Turkey-blossom 2024. a Turkey-bur 174.a Turkey-claw 68. a Turkey-corn 262. a Turkey-grass 863. a Turkey-pea 262. a tTurkey-pea 767. a Turkey-pod 1908. a Turkey-troop 1641.0 Turmeric 619. c,d +Turmeric 1773. a ‘Turme-ic, Indian 1032. a Turmeric root 1032. a *Turnera 1603 Turnip 303. b Turnip, Black 1162. a Turnip, Cree 1679. b Turnip, Dakota 1679. b Turnip, Devil’s 32, b Turnip, Dragon 181. b Turnip, Indian 181. esp. b Turnip, Lion’s 1162. a Turnip, Marsh or Meadow 1 b Pepper 181. b Turnip, St. Authovy’s 1711.f Turnip, Swamp 181. b Turnip, Wild 181. b Turnsole 973 4Turnsole 803. d ‘Turpeutine 1801.i,j,k,],m,r,t Turpeutine Chian 1605. e Turpentine Cyprian 1605. e Turpentine, Oil 1601. i, r Turpentine, Scio 1605. e Turpentine, Strassburg 2. f Turpentine, Venice 1138. b Turpentine tree 1605. e ‘Turpeth, Vegetable 1444. a Turpeth root 1444. a Turr 2056. a *Turritis 167 Turtle-bloom 463. a Turtle-grass 2158, a Turtle-head 463 Tushylucky 2053. a Tussilage 2053. a Turn ip, Tussilaginis herba 2053. a *Tussilago 1548 . Tutsan 1143. a Tutu 574. b Tuzzimuzzy 1368. b Tway-blade 3212, 1176 Twice-writhen 1641. e Twig-withy 1764. m Twin-berry 1436. a Twin-flower 1207. a Twin-leaf 1093. a Twin-sisters 1207. a Twisted-horn (Twisty) 970. a, b Twisted-stalk 936. b Twisted-stick 970. a, b _ Twitch-grass 60. a Two-cyed berry 1336. a, 1207. a Two-faces-under-a-hat 166.b Two-lips 636, a, ete Two-penny grass 1249. a *Udora 1566 Ulim 2056, a Ulmaire 2057. a Ulmenrinde 2058. f Ulmenspirie 2057. a *Umbellula 2059 Umbil-root 636, d, e *Umbilicus 586 Umbie (Umbel) 636. d, e Umbra tree 1585. a Umbrella-leaf 633, 1548. a Umbrella-plant 1625. a, 615. g Umbrella tree 1262. v, d, e, 322. ¢ yUmbrella tree 576.a, 1495.a Umbrellawort 75 *Uncaria 933, (413 *Uncinaria 147% Uncum (Unkum) 1851. a Unicorn (True) 68. a Unicorn plant 1284. a, 68, u Unicorn-rovt 6%, a Unicorn-root, False 455. a Unicorn’s-horn 455. a, 68. 4 Universe-vine 176. f *Unona 364, 2140 Unshoe-the-horse 290. a Upas anliar 150. b Upas radja 1923. f Upas tieute 1923. f Upas tree 150. b Upstart 534. a *Urania 1714 Urari 1923. g¢ *Uredo 2071 *Urostigma 831 *Urtica 2068 Ussacu 1029. a Uva anguina 320. b Uva urst 176. f Uvae passae 2108. e Uvalho do campo 796. h *Uvaria 364, 2140 Uvedalia 1642. a *Uvularia 1918 *Vaccinium 468, 873, 1054, 1476, 2139 *Vachellia 7. d VALERIAN, species 2077 Valerian, American 636. a, etc Valerian, False 1831. a VALERIAN, GREEK, species 1634 463 Valerian, Wild 636. a, etc *Valeriana 1386, 2078 Valeriana major 2077. g Valesiana minor 2077. ¢ Valériane americaine 636. d Valériane greque 1634. a Valériane officinale 2077. c *Valerianella 71, 1615 Valonia (Vallonea) 1704. d Valleys 562. a Vandal-root 2077 ¢ Vanilla, Carolina 2035. a Vanilla-leaf 2035. a Vanillae siliqua (fructus) 2083. a Vanille 2083. a Varech vesiculeux 849.b,c,d. Varnish-tree 1036, a Varnish-tree False 62. b Varnish-tree, Japanese 17320. 0 Vegetab'e-horsebair 2001. a Vegetable-oyster 2015. a Vegetable-satyr 938. i *Velaea 186 Vélar 1860. a Velvet-bur 1662, a Velvet-flower 91. a t+Velvet-flower 1951. b Velvet-leaf 6. a, 1l46.a Velvet-leaf 475, a Velvet-plant 2090. b Velvet-seed 922. a Velvet-weed 6. a Velvets 2102. e Vengay 1682. ¢ Venus’-bath 686, b Venus’-comb 1796. a Venus’-cup 636, d, e, 686. b Venus’-flytrap 679. a Venus’-hair 40. a Venus’-looking- ‘lass 1154 Venus’-pride 1022 Venus’-shoe 636. a, ete Venusblut 2091. f Venusfinger 633. a Venushaar 49. a Vératre blane 2089. a Vératre vert 2089. b *Veratrum 193, 455, 1907 Veratrum americanum 2089. b : *Verbena 12/9 Verbena, Garden 2091. a,b Verbena, Lemon 1209. d Verbena, Sweet 1209. d Verbena-grass 129 b *Verbesiua 732, 925 Verge d’or 1869. b *Vermicularia 2079 Vernal-grass 147 Vernis de Japon 62. b *Veronica 1171 Veronica purpurea 260. a Veroniken 2094, f Véronique de Virginia, li7l.a Véronique femelle 2094. d Véronique male 2094. f Verrucariae herba 344. a VERVAIN, species 2091 Vervain, Base 2094. d Vervein (Vervine, Vervin) 2091. f Verveine odorante 1209. d Verveine officinale 291. f *Vesicaria 1180 464 Vebseloup 1238. a VETCH, species 2096 Vetch, Joint- 49 Vetch, Kidney- 149 Vetch, Licorice 208, e VeETcH, MILK-, species 208, 1464 tVetch, Milk- 1556 Vetchling 1141 Vetiver 129. f *Vetiveria 129 Vettervoo 482. f Vew (View) 1963. a Vi-tree 1898. a *Viborquia 818 *Vicia 1160 Victoria regia 2097, a Victorialis bulbus 76. i Victorialis rotundi bulbus Vielchenwurzel 1068. u,b, ¢ Vierling 1761 Vigne 2108. e Vigne vierge 1514. a *Villarsia 1197 Vin 2108. e Vincetoxici radix 630. b *Vincetoxicum 630 Vine, Wild 320. a Vine, White 320 Vinegar tree 1730. c, d Vinettier 251. e Viola 343 VIOLET, species 2102 Violet, Adder’s 785. b. FViolet, Adder’s 1538, a Violet, Bog 1499. a Violet, Calathian 882. g Violet, Damask 990. a Violet, Dame's 990. a Violet, Dog’s-tooth 785. b Violet, Green 612 Violet, Mahukona 2024, a Violet, Marsh 1599. a Violet, Mercury’s 362. e Violet, Nodding 343. b Violet, Rattlesnake’s 785. b Violet, Star 1022. b, ¢ Violet, Trinity 2014. a Violet, Water 1021 Violet, Whorl-leaved 343, b Violet-bloom 1867. j Violet-wood 7. g Violette odorante 2102, d Viper’s-grass 731. a, 1819, a Viper’s-herb 731. a Vip: rina radix 182. f Vipérine 731, a Vipé1ine de Virginie 182. f Vippe 1601, r Virgaurea 1869, b *Virgilia 509 VIRGIN’S-BOWER, species 4 51 TVirgin’s-bower 1115. a Viryin’s-bower, Purple 216. a Visci stipites (lignum) 2105, a *Viscum 1249 Viscum quernum 1226, « *Vitellaria 1228 Vitis 105, 402, 1514 Vitis alba 320, b Vatis alba sylvestris,320. *Vieckia 54 Viix 1208. b GENERAL INDEX. Vogelbeere 1875, d *Voivulus £63 Vomit-nut 1923. d Vomitwort 1217, b *Vuacapua 2110 Vulneraria 149. a Vulvaire 464. i Vuss (Vuz) 2066, # , Wachholder 1099. b Wachsbaum 1375. b Wachsgagel 1375. b Wachsuiyrtel 1375. b Wachtelweizen 1296 Wahoo (Wauhoo) 801. b JWakoo 1721. k, 1999. ¢, 2058, b, ¢ Wahoo, Lynn 1999. ¢ Waid 1717. a Waifa 1874.a WAKE-ROBIN, species 2036 Wake-robin 181. b, 189. a Wake-robin, Virginia 1528.b Wait-a-bit 1865. 0 Waldfain 712. b Waldbahnenfuss, weisser 133. g Waldmalve 1270. b Waldmangold 1696. a Waldmeister 201, b Waldstroh 863. f Walewort (Wallwort) 1771.c Walking-fern 363 Wall-ink 2094. ¢ Wali-pepper 1824, a Wall-pie 204. ¢ Wall-rue Fern 204. c Wallflower 968. a allflower, Western 160, a, 782. a Wallnussrinde, graue 1096.a Wallwort 1499. a, 1771. ¢, 1824. a WALNUT, species 1096 Walnut, Belgaum 69. a Walnut, Country 69. a Walnut, Indian 69. a Wainut, Lemon 1096. a Walnut, Satin 1210. b Walnut, Spanish 69. a Walnut, Sweet 1004. g Walnut, Tahiti 69. a Walnut, White 1004. g Wancopin 1391. a Wandering-Jenny 1249,a Wandering-Jew 629. a, 1792. a Wandering-sailor 1249. u Wanika 1919. a Wankapin 1420. ¢ appate (Wapatoo) 1762 Waras (Wars) 1267, a Ward-seed 329. a Warence 1749. a Warlock 803. a, 1712. a Warmot 187. b *Warnera 1032 Warree 1496. a Wart flower 462. a Wart-spurge 803. d Wart-weed 462 a, 808. d, k Wartwort 803. d, k, 462. a, 578. a, 904. ¢ Warzenkraut 344. « Waschwurzel 1781. a *Washingtonia 1397 *Washingtoniana 1882 Wasser-Bathengel 1973. e Wasserandorn 1242. b Wasserbenediktenwurzel Wasserdost 802. c, i, m Wasserdiirrwurz 263. i Wasserfenchel 1427. c Wasserhanf 263. i, 802. c, & Wasserholder 2095. d Wasserkraut, kanadisches- 1032. a Wasserkrug 1787. b Wassermangoldwurzel 1753. e Wassernabel 1033 Wassernabel, asiatischer a Wasserschierling 495. ¢ Wasserschwelke 2095. d Wasserviole 102) Wasserwegerich 72.a Water-archer 1762 Water-bean 1391 Water-blinks 1358. a Water-blob 355. a, 399, a, 1420. b Water-caltrop 2017. a Water-can 399. a, 1420. b Water-carpet 487. a Water-cress, American 379.e Water-cress, Marsh 1742. ¢ Water-cress, Mountain 379. d,e Water-cress, True 1742 b Water-cress, Yellow 1742. ¢ Water-crowfoot 1711. g¢ Water-cup 1787. a Water-dragon 355. a Water-drop, Hemlock 1427, a Water-dropwort, Hemlock 1427. a 27, Water-feather 1021 Water-fern 434 Water-goggles 355. a Water-grass_ 1043. c, 1742. b Water-hemp 24 ater ere Agrimony 63. i Water Hoarhound 1242 yer ely 302. a Water-kers 1742. b Water-leaf 302. a, 1034 Water-lemon 1515. a, e, j Water-lentil 1159 Water-lettuce, W. Indian i 1606. a ai ATER-LILY, § ies 399 woe e Water-lily, Dwarf 1197. a Water-lily, Fringed 1197. « Water-lily, Great 1391. a Water-lily, Jamaica 1391, b Water-lily, Little 202. a Water-lily, Tree 1262. ¢ Water-lily, Victoria 2097. a Water-lily, White 399 Water-lily, Yellow 1420 Water-melon £05. a Water-milfoil, Hooded 2072, a, etc Water-nut 2017, a, 1891. a Water-nymph 1382, 399. b,c Water-pepper 1641.1, 4 Water-platter 2097, a Water-purpie 2094, ¢ Water-seg 1068, e Water-shield 302. a, 835 NUMBERS REFER TO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE. Water-skegs, Yellow 1068.e Whin, Petty, 1439. b Water-spike 1657 Water-target 302. a Water-torch 2035. a Water-weed 1566. a Water-yam 164, a Waterwort 739, 204. d Wattle 7, v, j, etc Wau 1717, a Wax, Ocuba 2103, a Wax, Vegetable 1375. b Waxberry 1375. a, b tWax-berry 1936. b Wax-berry, Cornel 576, i Wax-bush 1611. a Wax-cluster 870. a Wax-dolls 850. a Wax-palm, Brazilian 566. a Wax-plant 1025, a, 1851. a Wax-tree 2106. a Wax-tree, Japanese 1730. m Wax-weed, Blue 16il.a Wax-work, Roxbury 421. « Waxen-woad 881. a Way-bread 1611. b,c Way-grass 1641. d Way-thorn 1721.d Wayfaring tree 2095. j Way faring-tree, American 95. a Waywort 116. a Weandee 353. a Weathercock 1057. a, d Weeby 1831. f Weeping-widow 847. c Wegedorn, glatter 1721. g Wegerich (Wegetritt) 1611. b Weiberkraut 187. s Weichselkirsche 1668. j Weide 1764 Weiderich 1249 Weiderich, rother 1260. 2 Wein 2108. e Wein, wilder 1514. a Weinachtswurz 974, b Weinrebe 2108. e Weinstock 2108. e Weirauch 289, a Weisstanne 2. f Weisswurzel 1639. c, d Welcome-to-our-house 803.b Weld 1717.a Well-grass 1742. b Well-grass, Horse 2094. c Well-ink 2094. c *Wellingtonia 1832 Welsh-nut 1096. d Weremod 187. b Wermuth 187. b, o *Werrinuwa 925 Weyth-rnoy 482. f WHEAT, varieties 2040 Wheat, Couch 60, a Wheat, Egyptian 1531. a Wheat, Guinea 2148. a Wheat, Indian 821. a Wheat, Turkey 2148. a Wheat-grass 60 Wheat-thief 109 Whig-plant 145. c Whin (Whuns) 2056. a Whin, Cammock 1439. a Whin, Cat 1439. a, 1743. 0 Whin, Dyer’s 881. a Whin, Lady 1439. a Whin, Land 1439. a Whinberry 2075. a Whip-beam 1875. ¢ Whip-tongue 863. f Whippoorwill-boots 1787. b Whippoorwill'e shee 636. a, 178 Whist-aller 1771. e Whistle-wood 16. c, d,1875.d, 1999, a White-amber 1043. a White-apple 157. a White-bark 1652. a White-beam 1875. c White-berry 27. a White-bird 83 b,c White-blow 778. 2 White-bush 518. a, 2139, u White-cap 1895. d, 53. a White-devil 206. d White-dillies 1385. e White-head 1513. a White-heads 27. a White-leaf 1895. d White-Nancy 1385. e White-Robin 1236. a White-rock 167, a White-root 195. d, 1639. u, d White-rosin tree 1601. i White-vine 514. d, 320 White-weed 482. e, 148. c White-wood 1999. a,e, 1211. a, 713, a White-wood, Bahama 368. a Whitewort 1639. c, 482. f Whitlow-grass 702 Whitlow-grass, Vernal 778 Whitlowwort, Silver 1506.a Whitten tree 2095, d Whorly-wort 1171. a Whort (Whurt) 2075. a WHORTLEBERRY, species 873, 2075 Whortleberry, Bear’s 176. f Whuttle-grass 1300. b Whya tree 1738. a Wick 60. a, 592. a Wickakee 403. a, etc Wicke 1592. a Wicke 1103. ¢, d, 1875. d Wicken-tree 1875. d Wickens 60, a, 592. a Wicopy 689. a Wicopy, Indian 456. a Wickup 456, a, 755. b,689. u 1999. a Wicky 1103. c, d, 1875. d Widbin 1222, b, ¢ Widdy 1764 Widerthon, edler 707. a Widerthon, goldner 1649. a Widow-wail 847. c Widow-wisse 881. a Widow’s-cross 1824. g Wiesenklee 2032. f Wiesenkuéterich 1641. e Wiesenkressen 379. c Wiffs 1764 Wig-tree 583. b *Wigandia 772 Wiggen (Wiggin) 1875. d Wild-cherry baxk 1663, p Wild-vine 1956. a Wild-wood 1717, a Wildaurin 914. a Wildiug tree 1269, « Wilgers 1764. 0 466 Wildkirsche 1668. p Willey (Wilf) 1764 WILLOW, Species 1764 Willow, Bay 456. a Willow, Blooming 456. a Willow, Crane 428. a Willow, Desert 465 Willow, Flowering 456. a Willow, French 456, a Willow, Ground 1641. a Willow of Scripture 1403. a, 1652, h Willow, Milk 1250. b Willow, Persian 456. a Willow, Primrose- 1100 Willow, Red 576. b Willow, Roman 1945. 4 Willow, Rose 576, b Willow, Sage 1250. a Willow, Sweet 1376. c Willow, Virginia 1078 Willow, Water- 663 Willow-grass 1641. a Willow-herb 755 Willow-herb, French 456. a Willow-herb, Golden 1249.d Willow-herb, Great 456 Willow-herb, Hooded 1821. a,c Willow-herb, Milk 1250. a,b Willow-herb, Night 1436. a Willow-herb, Purple 1250,a Willow-herb, Spiked 456. a, 1250. a Willow-herb, Swamp 652. a Willow-herb, Yellow 1249.4 Willow-weed 1250, a, 1641. a, n Willowwort 1260. a Wimberry 2075, a Windles 1611. b Winberry (Wine-berry ) 2075. a Wincopipe 116. a Wind 563. a Wind-berry 2075, p Wind-flower 133. esp. g and j, 1940. a tWicd-flower 329, a, 514. f Wind-flower, Red 133. f Wind-herb 1568, b Wind-root 195. d Wine 2108, e Wine Palm 1570. c Wine-berry 1782. h, i, 075. Wine-berry shrub 574. b Wine-tree 1875. a Wing-seed 1681. a Wing-stem 2092. a Wink-a-peep 116. a Winlin-berry 1771. e Winter-berry 1053. h, i, j Winter-bloom 944. a Winter-fat 805. a Winter-sweet 1456. d Winter-weed 2094. h, i, 83. & Winter’s bark 706. a tWinter’s bark 499. b, c Winter’s-bark, False 368. a *Wintera 706 *Winterania 368 Winteranus spurius cortex 68. a Wintergreen 870. b Wintergreen, Bitter 466, b 466 ; GENERAL INDEX. Wintergreen, Chickweed Wood-fern 712. c,d Wurmtod.187. b 2031. a Wood-flower 133. b Wurrus (Wurus) 1267,a Wintergreen, False 1696.d Wood-fringe 42. a Wurstkraut 1456. c, 1789. a Wintergreen, Flowering Wood-lettuce 1125, b Wych-elm 2058. e 1638. ¢ Wood-lily, Red 2036. b Wych-hazel 944. a Wintergreen, Large 1696 Wood-lily, White 2036. c Wych-hazel 2058. e ‘Wintergreen oil 261, b Wood-nut 579. ¢ ych-wood 2058. e Wintergreen, One-flowered Wood-of-the-holy-cross Wychen 1875. d 1349, a 1226. a Wymote 87. a Wintergreen, Pear-leaved | Wood-oil 687. a, etc Wythan, Moss 1375. c 1696. d: Wood-sage, American *Xanthosoma 1528 Wintergreen, Round-leaved 1973. a *Ximenesia 2092 1696. d Wood-sore 251.e *Xylocarpus 378 Wintergreen, Spotted 466. a Wood sour 1475. u, 261. « *Xylopia 2140 Wintergreen, White 468.2 Wood-sow 251. e *Xylosma 713 Winterbrunnenkresse Wood-sower 1475. a *Xylothermia 1985 235. a Wood-vine, Wild 1514. a Yackron 1704. q Wintergriin 466. b Wood-wax (Woodwaxen) Yaits (Yetts) 221. a Winterrinde, echte 706. a 881. a Yak 1704. q Winterrose $74. b Wood-bine 563. c, 961. a Yam, species 680 Winterszimmt 796. 4 WooDBINE, species 1222 Yam, Water 164 a t+Wire-grass 1641. d +Woodbine 514. c, 563. c Yam, Wild 680. f Wire-weed 1641. d, 206. d Woodbine, American 1514a Yamp 211. a *Wisteria 1115 Woodbine, Carolina Wild Yantonica 187. u Wisteria, American 1115. a 878. a Yarr 1884, a Wit 1410. a Woodbine, Wild 1514. a Yarrow 18 Witch 2058. e Woodnep 1686. a Yarrow, Water 1021 Witch-hobble (-hopple) Woodrip 201. b Yate-tree 790.1 2095. a, d Woodrowel (Woodrowe) Yaupon 1053. b, k Witch-grass 60. a 201. b Yaw-root 1914. a Witch-wood 801. c, 1875. a,d Woodruff 201. b Yaw-weed 1359. b 2058. e Wool-flower 937. « Yeara 1730, i Witches’-bell 362. b Woolen 2090. b Yéble 1771. ¢ Witches’-bells 423. ¢ Wooly-butt tree 790. 0 Yellow-bells 785. b Witches’-milk 1008. a Wordsworth’s flower 830... Yellow-berries 1721. h Witches’-moneybag 1824.c World’s-wonder 1335. a, Yellow-caul 1711. ¢ Witches’-pouches 329, a 1781. a Yellow-eye 1032. a Witches’-thimble 362. b Worm-bark 2110, b, ¢ Yellow-eyed Grass, Carolina Witches’-thimbles 423. ¢ Worm-grass 1892. b, 1824. e 2142. a Witchen 1875. d Worm-weed 1633, 1892. b Yellow-flower 303. a With-wind 563. 9, 1641. h Worm-weed, Corsican Yellow-gum tree 2133. b Withe-rod 2095. b, i, 1 1889. a Yellow-Hercules 2136. e Withe-wood 2095. i, | -Wormint 187. b Yellow-Jack 1385. b Witherspail 863 Wormseed, Aleppo 187. n Yellow-rod 1205. a Withy, Cane 1764. a Wormseed, Alexandrial87.n Yellow-root 567. b, 1032. a, Withy, Golden 1375. c Wormseed, American 464. ¢ 421. a, 1093. a Withy, Hoar 1876. c Wormseed, Levant 187.n Yellow-root, Shrub 2134. a Withy-twig 1764. m Wormseed, Treacle 782.b Yellow-seed 1168. c Withy-wind 514.4 WORMWOOD species 187 Yellow-star 965. a wins tree 1875. d Wormwood, Bastard 95.a Yellow-top 1869 Woad (Wad) 1071 Wormwood, Roman 95.a Yellow-weed 1717. a Woad, Wild 1717. a Wormwood, Wild 1513.a Yellow-wood 2136. ¢, e, Woad-waxen 881. a Wort 2075. a 472. a, 583. a, 1797. a, Woats (Wocks) 221. a Wots 221. a 1988. a, 2011. a, 2134. a Wode-whistle 555. a Woundwort 149. a, 1869.b Yellow-wood, Kentucky Wohlgemuth, gemeiner Woundwort, Clown’s 1900.a 509. a 1456. d Woundwort, Marsh 1900. a Yellow-wood, Prickly Wohlverleih 183. a Woundwort, Soldier’s 18. a 2136. e : Woke (Wuk) 1704 q Wourari (Wourali) 1923. g -Yellow-wood, West Indian Wolf-berry 1936. a Wreath-aster, White 206. f 2136. e Wolf-foot 1242. ¢ Wren’s flower 883. b Yellowwort, Parsley-leaved Wolf-grape 1867. j Wret-weed 462. a 2134. a 7 Wolf-root 25. i *Wrightia 1011 Yellows 636. d,e Wolf’s-bane 25, esp. i,183.a, Wudwise 881.a Yen-ju 1874. a 759. a Wuk 1704. q Yer-nut 559. a, 168. a Wolf’s-claws 1240. a Wukkum 338, ¢ Yerba buena 1328. a, 1308, j Wolf’s-fist 1238. a Wunderbaum 1735, a Yerba buena piperita 1308.1 Wolf’s-milk 803. d, g¢ Wunderblume 1335 Yerba del soldado 2113. b *Wolffia 2114 Wundkraut 2094. f Yerba mansa 1023. a Wolfsfuss 1242. c Wundkraut, gulden 1869.5 Yerba marra 1325. a, b Wolfskirche 219. a Wundsehwamm 1644. a Yerba mat6 1053. e, f, g Wolfstrapp 1165. a, b Wurmfarn 712. b Yerba reuma 843, a ” Wolfswurz 28. ¢ Wurmkraut 1957. a Yerba santa 772. a Wollkraut 2090. b Wurmmoss 1889, a Yereum 354, a Wood-aster, Blue 206. u Wurmrinde 2110, b,c Yerrow 18. a Wood-brooms 686. b Wurmsamen 187. n, 464.c YEW, species 1963 Wood-cress, Yellow 1742,c Wnurmtang 1889. a Yin-hing 889. a NUMBERS REFER TO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE. Yiang-ylang 364 Yoncopin 1391. a Youpon 1053. b, k Youthwort 707. a, 982. « Ysop 1048. a Yungfernbliithe 707. a *Zaga 4 Zahnwehrinde 2136. c,e Zahuwurzel 115, a Zamang 1608, b Zante-wood 583. b *Zanthoxylon 2136 *Zapania 1209 Zapfenkorn 512. a Zapote 395. a - Zapote borracho 1228, b Zapote prieto (negro) 681, d Zarnahbac 619. e Zauberhasel 944, a Zaunriibe 320. b Zédoaire 619. b, e Zedoary (Zedoaria) 619. b,e Zebrkraut 260. a Zehrwurz 181. b, 189. a Zeitlosenwurzel 534, a Zerechtit 187, ¢ Zerumbet root 2152. v Zibel nut 1601. a Zierstrauch, amerikanis- cher 1668. p Ziest 1900 Zimmt 500. a,d Zimmt, weisser 368. a Zimmtbliithen 500. f Zimmtniigelchen 500. f *Zinnia SOL 467 Zinnia, Garden 591 Zinnkraut 758, a Zipolle 76, c Zittwersamen 187, p Zittwerwurzel 619, e *Zizia 1979 *Ziziphora 960 *Zizyphus 1491 Zuckerriibe 259. a Zuckerrose 1743. a Zuckerwurzel 1863. c Zuh 697, b Zunder 1644. a Zwetsche 1668. h Zwiebel 76. ¢ *Zygadenus 479 *Zy gia 1608 ERRATA AND ADDENDA. SEE ALSO PAGE 406. 455. a. 619. 707, a. 942. 1280. a. Add to list of English synonyms, Grub-root, Star-grass*. b. For Zedoarie, read Zedoaire. For Wiederthon, read Widerthon. For Valisneriaceae, read Vallisneriaceae. For Steckkérner, read Stechkérner. 2081. For Valisneria read Vallisneria and for Valisneriaceae read Vallisneriaceae. For mayidis (lines 12 and 13) read maydis. 2148, a. The following corrections should be made with a pen in the index. Page 415. Box, Wild Running 1336. a, instead of 1366. a. Page 420. Clover, Winter 1336. a, instead of 1366. a. Page 447. Partridge-vine 1336. a, instead of 1366. a. ABBREVIATIONS OF AUTHORS’ NAMES. AID ADB voce asacn sopepecsd decuecevs Michel Adanson Ay. DO isseic sc sacsrce Alphonse DeCandolle Ws RICH gnsaiccays seein aves A. Richard Ad ticasgas's 20 shennan sates William Aiton Ait. f .Wm. Townsend Aiton HAM os. csccsieiasaacis Ayateiassictanetsotece Carlo Allioni ANA Ridwiccamieniein s Henry C. Andrews Andrz . .. Andrzejowski Arn... : sGeinee A.W. Arnott AUDliaacies yearn, Jean Baptiste Aublet Bart, & Wend..Bartling and Wendland Baill. or Bail...... Ernest Henri Baillon - William P. C. Barton ersfeiipiniie itsaiees satay Bartling William Bartram Beauy..... Ambrose Palisot de Beauvais BOCK ace sieicsg: say araeniows Sueuevereiass Lewis C. Beck Benth, veccree vecceerse George Bentham B. & H. or Benth. & Hook..... Bentham (George) and Hooker (J. D.) Bernh . Johann Jacob Bernhardi Bieb...F. A. Marschall von Bieberstein Bgl sn :sia:ssioassusrersieeiaies Sass Jacob Bigelow Bh sissies a cas eA esainss Karl Ludwig Blume BOs Big) eeiessisssormias, dei Edmond Boissier Borkhvessavadies swenaats cnwas Borkhausen Brit. Brong. Nathaniel Lord Britton Adolphe T. Brongniart -Elie Abel Carridre ......Compte de Cassini CA ctnicace scion Antonie José Cavanilles CS DG x cesices assess! Casimir De Candolle Vicente Cervantes Cham.......... Adalbert von Chamisso C. & 8.00.00, Chamisso & Schlechtendal Chapm............5 Alvan W. Chapman Chois....... . Jacques Denys Choisy COLL siscsiensaceatees .. Corréa de Serra Gurticdcca veamaane ssices William Curtis Curtis..........55. Moses Ashley Curtis DGrscganse wane RGA A. P. DeCandolle Joseph Decaisne vaiyigieta tvosalsenteayaiced RIA ARISE aisha Delile René Louiche Desfontaines cesses sees. DeSrOUSSAUX DeOS¥ ie sea ears epee oak gustin N. Desvaux DoD siswss neni tars cans eee George Don DDO D iscsieicsesiie ae tie seas, cess David Don Dougl....... .«.- David Douglas Dryand.......... .Jonas Dryander Duchesne......... Antoine N. Duchesne Dumort...... Barthélemy C. Dumortier Michel Felix Dunal aaaien' Friedrich Ehrhart Hla srs deragracainacs naw Stephen Elliott Engelm............. George Engelmann F. Muell . Ferdinand von Mueller iG he sieitisie yadeaaidss awieied Antoine L. A. Fée Fisch., Friedrich E. Ludwig von Fischer POPs. as cieesiedisveaa 349% Johann R. Forster (also Georg Forster, the son) .. Joseph Aloys Froelich rphadcasia fails sactetais sierac Gilibert Samuel Gottlieb Gmelin Gr. or Grey, RARE ET RRNS TERRE ShE Asa Gray Griseb..... .-.Heinrich R. A. Grisebach Hassk............ Justus Karl Hasskarl Baw ivcvesace sear Adrian Hardy Haworth H. B. K.Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth HEOWiseec secuice sass caeees sears Hedwig Herb ssisic es ceed vee William Herbert Hoffm ..Georg Franz Hoffmann Hook William Jackson Hooker saneioosieratare ¢ Joseph Dalton Hooker 2 ie peels Halve Hooker and Arnott .-Horticulturalist’s name ia a . Houttuyn adage . Misdians J. Jacquin JuSs........... Antoine Laurent Jussieu Kau fi scc: <2 ves. rcrsisisiccn otas oayertiees Kauffmann Baal fines 33 o. saeoeentres cheat ad Kaulfuss Rech iris: 4 ysis Sites casio Karl Koch Kunth ....Karl Sigismund Kunth Teach aan Carl von Linné (Linnaeus) Beh scxis, ..Carl von Linné, the son Labill.......... Jacques J. Labillardiare ie SRO 4 SEITE Jean Baptiste Lamarck ...Aylmer Bourke Lambert LeConte........... John Eaton LeConte Ledeb.... Karl Friedrich von Ledebour Lehm........... Johann G. C. Lehmann LOM iiisicea Seassiare a leisceie .-..Charles Lemaire her econ sins ieee sin C. L. L’Heritier Lind ve naes 09 vxaancnaawnes John Lindley ARBREVIATIONS OF AUTHORS NAMES, Continued. Link........,.Heinrich Friedrich Link Loisel.J. L. A. Loiseleur-Deslongchamps DOU axssice batstyerateateey Juan Loureiro Humphrey Marshall ..Karl Friedrich Martius eiihies Karl J. Maximowicz .... Kar] F. Meisner (Meissner) Senne caracsiaisiereinns aia Ernst H. F. Meyer abies! aibstie) glares clay ius, André Michaux .- Francois André Michaux eis eascasessiod Phillip Miller . Friedrich A. W. Miquel asad ried ea toeeerate coun Konrad Moench Fisher sym pipirerse ds aseenrbie, se Konrad Molina Od seaeszeneied Alfred Moquin-Tandon Muell. Arg........J. Mueller, of Argau Muhbl...... ...... Henry L., Muhlenberg MurKisvisecaccsivcs vase Johann A, Murray Nees...Christian G. Nees von Esenbeck shih chanaenee eens Thomas Nuttall .-.,.Otto Kunze Patrick Browne aiarehes aie yatehaeuateiolaateneecroe ala José Pavon stare gata 4H alae hy Christian H, Persoon . Jules Emile Planchon Jean Louis Marie Poiret .-:....Karel Boriwog Presl see ia Salers avatatare Frederick T. Pursh besa’ sre nated nveltNinckaiete Robert Brown Rab cca 40 Samuel Rafinesque-Schmalz R: & P..Hipolito Ruiz Lopez & J.Pavon Reich........ Heinrich G. L. Reichbach Richard........... Louis C. M. Richard Bid sissicserssee aioieses John Leonard Riddell ROOM 2 ssies Johann Jacob Roemer (also M. J. Roemer) oe eAle William Roscoe . William Roxburgh Franz J. Ruprecht 469 Salisb...... Richard Anthony Salisbury Sargicwwicaas ses Charles Sprague Sargent Schlecht....t...... D, F. Leonhard von Schlechtendal Schott, & Endl. ...Schott and Endlicher Schrad...... Heinrich Adolph Schrader Schwein. ..Lewis David von Schweinitz Scop...........05 Johann Anton Scopoli SCCM seuconaiisscamearerved seaiee Seeman Sieb......... Philipp Franz von Siebold a ciseaustlesd atsisvoralomandcescyeieta John Sims .. James Edward Smith sedi eats ae anstbe. ice Daniel Solander ebovBebraicig Sratguerenies inet crater ereueterets Sonnérat .... Eduard Spach sieidis wine wleitis Kurt Sprengel Auguste de Saint Helaire Steud siicissicsavscae savneasasaecianse Steudel Sud. or Sudw................. Sudworth SW22 cis asepemonst cad eee aease Olof Swartz T. &Gr aya Torrey and Gray Carl Peter Thunberg TORT she damiacasenneis aie John Torrey TLOV jiisiecrroaenamt, Ludolf C. Treviranus WN a cisitacacsccitinsaticccnenies Dominique Villars .. Wight and Arnott Walt.. .. Thomas Walters Wang.. a a Titi von Wangenheim Wate oes caiscsernngeasecisainad Sereno Watson Wendl iasisics avis Jonann C. Wendland false Hermann Wendland) . Wenderoth ‘ _.Karl ‘Ludwig Willdenow a Heecia winters William Withering Drei tats wea we Joseph G, Zuccarini