New York State Callege of Agriculture At Gornell University Ithaca, N.Y. Library ‘ornell University Libra TNT HANDBOOK OF THE FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA AND VICINITY CONTAINING DATA RELATING TO THE PLANTS WITHIN THE FOLLOWING RADIUS: EASTERN PENNSYLVANIA, NORTH TO THE BLUE MOUNTAINS, AND WEST TO THE SUSQUEHANNA; ALL OF NEW JERSEY EXCEPT THE NORTHERN COUNTIES ; AND NEW CASTLE COUNTY, DELAWARE WITH KEYS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIES COMPILED BY IDA A. KELLER AND STEWARDSON BROWN PHILADELPHIA, PA. : PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB 1905 WIcKERSHAM PRESS Lancaster, PA. THE growing demand among those who desire to study the flora of Philadelphia and vicinity, for a book of reference con- taining a list of plante to be found within the districts accessible to the local collector, and such further information in regard to these, as a book of this kind should contain, suggested the ad- visability of collecting and arranging in a systematic form such data as were available for this purpose. The many valuable communications to the Philadelphia Botanical Club and the observations of its members and others, who have so industriously worked in this field, seemed to form an excellent basis for a work of this kind. The summarizing and arranging the results of the work done so far is here pre- sented in the form of a permanent record—a handbook for the Philadelphia botanist. The area reported upon is designated on the title-page, and is, in the main, the range prescribed for the work of the Philadel- phia Botanical Club. The counties included are the following: PENNSYLVANIA. NEw JERSEY. DELAWARE, -Philadelphia, Burlington, New Castle. Bucks, Camden, Montgomery, Gloucester, Chester, Salem, Lancaster, Cumberland, Berks, Cape May, Lehigh, Atlantic, Northampton, Ocean, Dauphin. Monmouth, Mercer, Middlesex, Somerset, Hunterdon. The arrangement adopted in Britton’s Manual has been fol- lowed. In connection with each species one at least, or per- haps more, common names are given, if such exist. In many cases a common name. follows only the genus because the in- dividual species are not sufficiently well distinguished by the laymen either on account of the fact that they are rare or com- (3) 4 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. paratively new to science, or it may be, that the plants are too inconspicuous and the characters are not sufficiently well marked to attract the attention of the ordinary observer. Upon the common name follows a reference to the page in Britton’s Manual upon which the species is described in detail. Next follow the data given by the different contributors and in each case the authority is mentioned. The key to the ab- breviations of names is found appended. A general statement in regard to habitat and time of flower- ing is also made. ‘When no data are added, the plant is considered to be of general distribution. All data from New Castle County have been furnished by Mr. Edward Tatnall, except where otherwise mentioned. The information in regard to Bucks County has been revised by Dr. C. D. Fretz, who has just completed a revised catalogue of that region. The data from Delaware County were revised by Mr. Ben- jamin H. Smith, who, for many years, has made a careful study of that county. Thanks are due to Miss Lillian Roseman, who assisted ma- terially in the arrangement of the information supplied. ABBREVIATIONS CoNTRIBUTORS. ADDRESS. USED. Abbott, Millie. Vineland, N. J. Ab. Brown, Stewardson. , Germantown, Pa. Br. Carter, Joel J. Pleasant Grove, Pa. Ca. Crawford, Joseph. Philadelphia, Pa. Cr. Fretz, C. D. Sellersville, Pa. Fr. Fussell, Linnaeus. Media, Pa. Fu. Githens, Thomas 8. Philadelphia, Pa. Gi. Harshberger, John W. Philadelphia, Pa. Ha. Herbst, William. Trexlertown, Pa. Her. Heritage, Benjamin. Mickleton, N. J. He. Jahn, Albrecht. Philadelphia, Pa. Ja. Jellett, Edwin C. Germantown, Pa. Je. Keller, Ida A. Philadelphia, Pa. Ke. Krout, A. F. K. Philadelphia, Pa. Kr. Leeds, Morris and Arthur. Philadelphia, Pa. Le. Lippincott, Charles. Swedesboro, N. J. Li. MacElwee, Alexander. Philadelphia, Pa. Mae. Marot, Philip. Philadelphia, Pa. Mar. Meehan, Thomas. Germantown, Pa. Me. Pennock, Aldrich. Lansdowne, Pa. Pe. FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 5 ABBREVIATIONS CONTRIBUTORS. ADDRESS. USED. Price, Ferris W. Swarthmore, Pa. Pr. Redles, George. Germantown, Pa. Re. Saunders, C. F. Philadelphia, Pa. Sa. Schaeffer, Charles. Philadelphia, Pa. Sch. Smith, Benjamin H. Philadelphia, Pa. B. Sm. Smith, Uselma C. Philadelphia, Pa. U. C. 8. Stokes, Joseph. Moorestown, N. J. Sts. Stone, Witmer. Philadelphia, Pa. St. Tatnall, Edward. Wilmington, Del. Ta. Tenbrook, BE. L. Philadelphia, Pa. Te. Trimble, William. Concord, Pa. W. Tr. Trimble, Samuel. Lima, Pa. S. Tr. Van Pelt, Samuel S. Philadelphia, Pa. VP. Ware, Cora 8. Philadelphia, Pa. Wa. Williams, Newlin. Philadelphia, Pa. Ws. Williamson, Charles S. Philadelphia, Pa. Wn. Herbarium of Philadelphia Botanical Club. B. C. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants of New Jersey. C. Flora Cestrica. Fl. C. Herbarium of Charles E. Smith. Cc. B.S. P. Porter’s Flora of Pennsylvania. GHNERAL KEY. SUBKINGDOM PTERIDOPHYTA. . Plants producing no flowers and seeds but spores which de- velop into flat or irregular prothallia bearing the reproduc- tive organs. Spores of one kind only. PAGE Sporanges borne on back or margin of fronds, or in special spikes OF PINICLES 6 sine «acsusnar ak aren aauewhe arava a Saat a FILICALES 7 Sporanges borne beneath shield-shaped scales in a terminal spike; stems jointed, sheathed at nodes............. EQUISETALES 14 Sporanges solitary in the axils of the leaves. LycopopiackaE IN LYCOPODIALES = 15- Spores of two kinds, large and small. Sporanges enclosed in sporocarps............... SALVINIALES 14 Sporanges in the axils of the leaves. SELAGINELLACEAE AND ISOETACEAE IN LYCOPODIALES 17 SUBKINGDOM SPERMAPHYTA. Plants producing flowers, whose essential organs are stamens and pistils, the latter producing true seeds. 1. Ovules not enclosed in an ovary. Class 1. GYMNOSPERMAE 18 2. Ovules enclosed in an ovary. Class 2. ANGIOSPERMAE 20 Embryo with 1 Cotyledon; fibro-vascular bundles scattered through pith; leaves mostly parallel-veined. flower parts usually in threes. Subclass |. MONOCOTYLEDONES) 20 A. Flowers aggregated on a spadix; or plants minute, floating free, the flowers few or eae on the margin or back of thallus. ARALES = 88 B. Flowers not collected on a spadix. Flowers destitute of corolla-like perianth. Flowers in the axils of dry, chaffy scales; arranged in spikes OTSPIRCletS)acstmtaaigs cscnsoneerss wisi see GRAMINALES 26 Flowers not in the axils of dry, chaffy scales; aquatic or marsh plants. Perianth represented by bristles or chaff-like scales; flow- ers monecious, spicate or capitate; endosperm mealy or AOSHY csc orsdhareton caus ee wee aemiod amen PANDANALES 20 Perianth none; endosperm none or very little. NAIADALES 21 Flowers with corolla-like perianth. Flowers regular (except Commelina) ; the parts of the usually complete flowers mostly in 3’s or 6’s (except most Naiadales). NotE.—Page refers to orders, except when in italics, leading then to genus. * After name of order indicates that this order properly belongs to the other series, e. I Vs Primulales are Gamopetalae but Glaux is an exception. : ii GENERAL KEY. Endosperm none or very little; aquatic or marsh herbs. NAIADALES) 21 Endosperm fleshy or horny; ovary superior or inferior. : LILIALES 93 Endosperm mealy; ovary superior......... XYRIDALES 90 Wlowers Arregulars vos s20 yee es sais oe aes eiwee ORCHIDALES 107 Embryo normally with 2 Cotyledons; stem with fibro-vascular bun- dles in rings; mostly net-veined, flower parts not in threes. Subclass 2. DICOTYLEDONES 114 Petals distinct to the base or wanting. Sertes 1. Choripetalae. PETALS NONE. A. Flowers not in catkins. 1. Ovary and its cells containing many ovules. Ovary and pod inferior. Six-celled; stamens 6-12.................. ARISTOLOCHIALES 127 Four-celled; stamens 4............... Lupwicia IN MYRTALES 232 One-celled, with parietal placente..CHRYSOSPLENIUM IN ROSALES 170 Ovary and pod wholly naked (no calyx)...PopostEMon IN ROSALES 168 Ovary and pod superior. Five-celled and 5-beaked, opening across the beaks, which fall off at maturity; stamens 10........... PENTHORUM IN ROSALES 168 Three-celled and 3-valved, or 3-5-celled and circumscissile. AIZOACEAE IN CHENOPODIALES 132 Two-celled or 1-celled; placente central. Stamens inserted on the throat or tube of the calyx. LYTHRACEAE IN MYRTALES 230 Stamens inserted on the receptacle or base of the calyx. Guaux IN PRIMULALES* 252 One-celled, with one parietal pla- centa or | awowomacta IN RANALES 143 Ovaries 2 or more, separate, simple. 2. Ovary or its cells containing 1 or 2, rarely 3 or 4, ovules. *Pistils more than one, and distinct or nearly so. Stamens inserted on the calyx; leaves with stipules. SANQUISORBA IN ROSALES 178 Stamens inserted on the receptacle. Leaves punctate with pellucid dots. XANTHOXYLUM IN GERANIALES 209 Leaves not dotted. ~ Calyx present and usually petal-like. Be RANUNCULACEAE IN RANALES 143 Calyx absent; flowers entirely naked, perfect, spiked. PIPERALES 114 **Pistil one, either simple or compound. Ovary wholly inferior. Aquatic herbs; ovary 3-4-celled. .HsLORAGIDACEAE IN MYRTALES 230 Mostly woody plants; style or stigma one, entire, ovary 1-celled. Stigma running down one side of the style. Nyssa In UMBELLALES 244 Stigma terminal, with or without a style..... SANTALALES 127 Ovary really free from the calyx, but permanently invested by its tube, or the base of it, so as to seem inferior. GENERAL, KEY. Shrubs with scurfy leaves; flowers mostly diccious. ELAEAGNACEAE IN THYMELEALES Herbs, with the calyx colored like a corolla. Leaves opposite, simple. NycraGInackar In CHENOPODIALES Leaves alternate, pinnate.......SANGUISORBA IN ROSALES Ovary plainly free from the calyx, which is sometimes wanting. Stipules sheathing the stem at the nodes. Trees, calyx none; flowers monecious, in heads. PLATANACEAE IN ROSALES Herbs; calyx present and commonly petal-like. POLYGONALES Stipules not sheathing the stem, or none. Aquatic herbs, submerged or nearly so. Leaves whorled and dissected; style single. CERATOPHYLLACEAE IN RANALES Leaves opposite, entire; styles 2; ovary 4-celled. HALORAGIDACEAE IN MYRTALES Not aquatic herbs. Ovary 10-celled; berry 10-seeded. PHYTOLACCACEAE IN CHENOPODIALES Ovary 3- (rarely 1-2-) celled; juice usually milky. EUPHORBIACEAE IN GERANIALES Ovary 1-celled; juice not milky. Style, if any, and stigma only 1; leaves simple; no scarious bracts around the flowers. .. URTICALES Styles or stigmas 2 or 3; embryo coiled or curved. Stipules not scarious; leaves palmately cleft or palmately compound. CANNABIS AND HuMULUS IN URTICALES Stipules scarious or none... CHENOPODIALES . Shrubs or trees. Ovules, a pair in each cell of the ovary. Fruit 2-celled, a double samara. ACERACEAE IN SAPINDALES Fruit a l-celled and 1-seeded samara or a drupe. OLEACEAE IN GENTIANALES Ovules single, in each cell of the Three-9-celled ovary; leaves heath-like. EIMPETRACEAE IN SAPINDALES Three-celled ovary; leaves broad. RHAMNACESE IN RHAMNALES One-2-celled ovary; styles or stigmas 2-cleft. URTICALES One-celled ovary; style and stigma single and entire. Anthers opening longitudinally. THYMELEACEAE IN THYMELEALES Anthers opening by uplifted valves. LAURACEAE IN RANALES B. Flowers monoecious or dioecious, one or both sorts in catkins. I. Only one sort of flowers in catkins or catkin-like heads. Fertile flowers in a short catkin, head or strobile....... URTICALES Fertile flowers single or clustered; sterile in slender catkins (except Fagus). Leaves pinnate; fertile flowers and fruit naked. .JUGLANDALES Leaves simple; fertile flowers 1-3 in an involucre or cup. FAGALES 2. Both sterile and fertile flowers in catkins or catkin-like heads. Ovarv and pod-2-celled, many-seeded..... LIQUIDAMBAR IN ROSALES iii 229 132 178 167 148 230 132 205 124 126 132 214 253 214 218 124 229 148 iv GENERAL KEY. Ovary and pod 1-celled, many-seeded; seeds furnished with a downy tuft af One ends cine cisiawscayes ceaesi sage easenes SALICALES Ovary 1-2-celled, only one ovule in each cell; fruit 1-seeded. Parasitic on trees............ LORANTHACEAE IN SANTALALES Trees or shrubs, not parasitic. Calyx: regular, in the fertile flowers succulent in fruit. URTICALES Calyx none, or rudimentary and scale-like. Fertile flowers 2 or 3 at each scale of the catkin. FAGALES Fertile flowers single under each scale; nutlets naked, waxy-coated or drupe-like.............. MYRICALES PETALS PRESENT. A. Stamens numerous, at least more than 10, and more than twice the sepals or lobes of the calyz. 1. Ovary superior, i. e., calyx entirely free and separate from the pistil or pistils. Pistils numerous but cohering over each other in a solid mass on an elongated receptacle................ MaGnoLiaceaE IN RANALES Pistils numerous, separate, but concealed in a hollow receptacle. Leaves opposite, entire, no stipules. CALYCANTHACEAE IN RANALES Leaves alternate, with stipules.............. Rosa 1n ROSALES Pistils several, immersed in hollows of the upper surface of a large top-shaped receptacle. ..........-.....0.. NELUMBO IN RANALES Pistils more than one, separate, not enclosed in the receptacle. Stamens distinct, inserted on the calyx. .RosacEAE IN ROSALES Stamens inserted on the receptacle.................. RANALES Pistils several-lobed; the ovaries united below the middle. RESEDACEAE IN PAPAVERALES Pistil one as to ovary; the styles or stigmas may be several. Leaves punctate with transparent dots. / HYPERICACEAE IN PARIETALES Leaves not punctate with transparent dots. ; Ovary simple, 1-celled, 2-ovuled....DRuUPACEAE IN ROSALES Ovary simple, 1-celled, with 1 parietal many-ovuled placenta. RANALES Ovary compound, 1-celled, with a central placenta. PORTULACACEAE IN CHENOPODIALES Ovary compound, 1-celled, with 2 or more parietal placente. Calyx deciduous... ........ 0.000.000 00 PAPAVERALES Calyx persistent, of 3-5 sepals. CISTACEAE IN PARIETALES Ovary compound, several-celled. Calyx valvate in the bud................. MALVALES Calyx imbricated in the bud, persistent. Shrubs, stamens on the base of the petals. THEACEAE IN PARIETALES Aquatic or marsh herbs; ovaries many. On 5 placente in the axis. SARRACENIACEAE IN SARRACENIALES On the 8-30 partitions. NYMPHAEACEAE IN RANALES 2. Ovary more or less inferior, i. €., calyx more or less coherent with the surface of the compound ovary. Ovary 8-30-celled; ovules many, on the partitiuns; aquatic. NYMPHAEACEAE IN RANAT.WS 114 124 119 118 143 143 178 145 167 143 154 222 167 143 132 154 222 220 222 166 143 1A GENERAL KEY. Ovary 10-celled, cells 1-ovuled........... AMELANCHIER IN ROSALES Ovary 2-5-celled. Leaves alternate, with stipules; or opposite, without stipules. ; ROSALES Leaves alternate, without stipules. .SryracacEAE IN EBENALES* Ovary 1-celled, with the ovules parietal.............. OPUNTIALES Ovary 1-celled, with the ovules rising from the base. PoRTULACACEAE IN CHENOPODIALES B. Stamens of the same number as the petals and opposite them. Pistils 3-6, separate; flowers diocious, woody vines. MENISPERMACEAE IN RANALES Pistil only one. Ovary 1-celled; anthers opening by uplifted valves. BERBERIDACEAE IN RANALES Ovary 1-celled; anthers not opening by uplifted valves. Style and stigma 1; ovules more than 1. PRIMULACEAE IN PRIMULALES* Style 1; stigmas 3; sepals 2; ovules several. PoRTULACACEAE IN CHENOPODIALES Style twice or thrice forked; flowers monecious. CROTONOPSIS IN GERANIALES Styles 5; ovule and seed only 1. PLUMBAGINACEAE IN PRIMULALES* Ovary: 24 Cele ds i353 aye cate ae CR RON S Ree TNE RHAMNALES C. Stamens not more than twice as many as the petals, when just of the same number, then alternate with them. 1. Calyx free from the ovary, i. e., ovary wholly superior. *Qvaries 2 or more, separate. Stamens united with each other and with a large, thick stigma common to the 2 ovaries............. ASCLEPIADACEAE IN GENTIANALES Stamens unconnected, on the receptacle, free from the calyx. Leaves punctate with pellucid dots..RuTaczEazE IN GERANIALES Leaves not pellucid-punctate. Trees, with pinnate leaves....AILANTHUS IN GERANIALES Low shrub, with pinnate leaves or herbs, not fleshy. RANUNCULACEAE IN RANALES Herbs, with thick, fleshy leaves. .CRASSULACEAE IN ROSALES Stamens unconnected, inserted on the calyx............... ROSALES ** Ovaries 2-5, somewhat united at base, separate above. The carpels fewer than the petals...... SAXIFRAGACEAE IN ROSALES ***Qvaries or lobes of ovary 3-5, with a common style. GERANIACEAE IN GERANIALES **** Ovary only 1, and Simple, with one parietal placenta..... PAPILIONACEAE IN ROSALES Compound, as shown by the number of cells, placente, styles and stigmas. Ovary 1-celled. Corolla irregular; petals 4; stamens 6. PAPAVERACEAE IN PAPAVERALES Corolla irregular; petals and stamens 5. : VIOLACEAE IN PARIETALES Corolla regular or nearly so. ; Ovule solitary; shrubs or trees; stigmas 3. ANACARDIACEAE IN SAPINDALES Vv 180 167 252 229 132 143 143 250 132 211 250 218 253 205 209 143 167 167 167 205 167 154 214 vi GENERAL KEY. Ovules more than 1, in center or bottom ‘of cell. Petals not inserted on the calyx. CARYOPHYLLACEAE IN CHENOPODIALES Petals inserted on the throat of a bell-shaped or tubular Calyes «canaries ayy wees LYTHRACEAE IN MYRTALES Ovules several or many, on 2 or more parietal placentz. Leaves punctate with pellucid and dark dots. HYPERICACEAE IN PARIETALES Leaves beset with reddish, gland-tipped bristles. DROSERACEAE IN SARRACENIALES Leaves neither punctate nor bristly-glandular. Sepals 5, very unequal, or only 3. CISTACEAE IN PARITETALES Sepals and petals 5; stamens 5 or 10. SAXIFRAGACEAE IN ROSALES Ovary 2-several-celled. Flowers irregular. Anthers opening at the top. . PoLyGALAcEAE IN GERANIALES Anthers opening lengthwise. Stamens 12; petals 6 on the throat of a tubular inflated or gibbous calyx......... Parsonsia IN MYRTALES Stamens 5-8 or 10; petals hypogynous or nearly so. SAPINDALES Flowers regular or nearly so. Stamens neither just as many nor twice as many as the petals. Triadelphous; petals 5. . HYPERICACEAE IN PARIETALES Tetradynamous (or rarely only 2 or 4); petals 4; pun- gent herbs.......... CRUCIFERAE IN PAPAVERALES Distinct and fewer than the 4 petals. OLEACEAE IN GENTIANALES Stamens just as many or twice as many as the petals. Ovules and seeds only 1 or 2 in each cell. ORD Sia rau eben Maeva shag eas aber GERANIALES Shrubs or trees. Leaves 3-foliolate, pellucid-punctate. PTELEA IN GERANIALES Leaves simple, not punctate..... SAPINDALES Ovules (and usually seeds) several or many in each cell. Stipules between the opposite and simple leaves. ELATINACEAE IN PARIETALES Stipules between the opposite and compound leaves (caducous)........ StaPHYLEA IN SAPINDALES Stipules none when the leaves are opposite. Stamens 10, monadelphous at base; leaflets 3, inversely heart-shaped. OxaLis IN GERANIALES Stamens distinct, free from calyx. Style 1, undivided. ERICACEAE IN ERICALES* Styles 2-5, separate. CARYOPHYLLACEAE IN CHENOPODIALES Stamens distinct, inserted on the calyx. Styles 2 (or 3), or splitting into 2 in fruit. SAXIFRAGACEAE IN ROSALES Style 1; pod in the calyx 1-celled. LYTHRACEAE IN MYRTALES 2. Calyz-tube adherent to the ovary, at least to its lower half. Tendril-bearing and often suceulent herbs. CUCURBITACEAE IN CAMPANULALES* Not tendril-bearing. 222 167 205 231 214 222 154 253 205 209 214 222 217 207 244 132 167 230 305 GENERAL KEY. Ovules and seeds more than 1 in each cell. Ovary 1-celled. DOr OBS iicavic vin wiasars sieges SAXIFRAGACEAE IN ROSALES DATOS). ceseasierinenine aye GROSSULARIACEAE IN ROSALES Ovary 2-several-celled. Anthers opening by pores at the apex; style 1. MELASTOMACEAE IN MYRTALES Anthers not opening by pores. Stamens on a flat disk which covers the ovary. CELASTRACEAE IN SAPINDALES Stamens inserted on the calyx. Eight or 4 (rarely 5); style 1. ONAGRACEAE IN MYRTALES Five or 10; styles 2-3, distinct. SAXIFRAGACEAE IN ROSALES Ovule and seed only 1 in each cell. Stamens 2-8; styles 1-4; herbs or aquatic plants.. MYRTALES Perfect stamens 4; styles 2; shrub. HAMAMELIDACEAE IN ROSALES Stamens 4; style and stigma 1; chiefly shrubs. CoRNACEAE IN UMBELLALES Stamens 5; flowers in umbels, or rarely in heads. UMBELLALES vii 167 167 230 214 230 167 230 167 235 235 Petals more or less united. Series 2. Gamopetalae. A, Stamens more numerous than the lobes of the corolla. Ovary 1-celled with 1 parietal placenta. . PAPILIONACEAE IN ROSALES* Ovary 1-celled with 2 parietal placente. ADLUMIA IN PAPAVERALES* Ovary 2-celled with a single ovule in each cell. POLYGALACEAE IN GERANIALES* Ovary 3-many-celled. Stamens free or nearly free from the corolla; style single. . ERICALES Stamens free from the corolla; style 5. OxaLis In GERANIALES* Stamens inserted on the base or tube of the corolla. Filaments monadelphous; anthers 1-celled, kidney-shaped. MatvacesaE IN MALVALES* Filaments 1-5-adelphous at base, anthers 2-celled. Calyx free from the ovary. . THEACEAE IN PARIETALES* Calyx coherent with the ovary, or with its base. STYRACACEAE IN EBENALES Filaments wholly distinct; calyx free, persistent. EBENACEAE IN EBENALES Filaments in pairs at each sinus; anthers 1-celled. CAPRIFOLIACEAE IN RUBIALES B. Stamens (fertile ones) as many as the lobes of the corolla and OPPOSE the Miien.ga- coy sieeed ee iwon we yaw acans PRIMULALES C. Stamens as many as the lobes of the corolla and alternate with them or fewer. 1. Ovary inferior. Tendril-bearing herbs; anthers often united. CUCURBITACEAE IN CAMPANULALES Tendrils none. Stamens united by their anthers into a ring or tube. CAMPANULALES Stamens separate, free from the corolla or nearly so, as many as its lobes; stipules none; juice usually milky. CAMPANULACEAE IN CAMPANULALES 167 156 205 244 207 220 222 252 305 305 305 viii GENERAL KEY. Stamens separate, inserted on the corolla. One-3, always fewer than the corolla-lobes. VALERIANACEAE IN VALERIANALES Four or-5; leaves opposite or whorled. Ovary 1-celled; flowers in a dense involuerate head. Dipsacaceaz in VALERIANALES Ovary: 2°52 COMO aise cis scorns suave aisetines esas RUBIALES 2. Ovary superior. Corolla irregular ; stamens with anthers 4 and didynamous or only 2. POLEMONTALES Corolla somewhat irregular; stamens with anthers, 5. Stamens free from the corolla; anthers with their cells opening by a hole or chink at the top............. AZALEA IN ERICALES Stamens inserted on the corolla. : Ovary deeply 4-lobed around the style. Ecuium in POLEMONIALES Ovary not lobed; pod many-seeded. Filaments, or some of them, woolly. VERBASCUM IN POLEMONIALES Filaments not woolly. Hyoscyamus In POLEMONIALES Corolla regular. A. Stamens as many as the lobes of the corolla. Ovaries 2, SePATAte a seuss sae ailanee eerie warwee Renee GENTIANALES Ovary 1, but deeply 4-lobed around the style...... POLEMONIALES Ovary 1, not deeply lobed. One-celled, with ovules parietal or on 2 parietal placenta. Leaves (or in Menyanthes 3 leaflets) entire. GENTIANACEAE IN GENTIANALES Leaves toothed, lobed or pinnately compound. HypDROPHYLLACEAE IN POLEMONIALES Two-10-celled. Leafless parasitic twining plants. Cuscuta In POLEMONIALES Leaves opposite, their bases or petioles connected by stipules or stipular line......... LocGaniacEaE IN GENTIANALES Leaves when opposite without stipules. Stamens free from corolla or nearly so; style 1. ERICACEAE IN ERICALES Stamens almost free from the corolla; style none. InicacEaE In SAPINDALES* Stamens in the sinuses of the corolla; style 1. DIAPENSIACEAE IN ERICALES Stamens inserted on the tube of the corolla. Four; pod 2-celled, circumscissile. PLANTAGINACEAE IN PLANTAGINALES Four; ovary 2-4-celled, ovules solitary. VERBENACEAE IN POLEMONIALES Five or rarely more............. POLEMONIALES B. Stamens fewer than the lobes of the corolla. Stamens 4, didynamous.............. 0. 0c ee eee eee POLEMONIALES Stamens only 2 with anthers, ovary 4-lobed. Lycopus In POLEMONIALES Stamens 2, rarely 3; ovary 2-celled. Herbs with the corolla rotate, or somewhat funnel-form, and slightly irregular............. Veronica IN POLEMONIALES Shrubs or trees, corolla perfectly regular. OLEACEAE IN GENTIANALES 304 304 298 262 246 271 286 285 253 262 253 262 264 253 244 214 244 297 262 262 262 280 890 253 Subkingdom PTERIDOPHYTA. Order I. FILICALES. Vernation erect or inclined; sporanges in spikes or panicles, opening by a transverse slit. Fam. 1. Ophioglossaceae. Vernation coiled; sporanges reticulated, with annulus (rudimentary in Fam. 2). Sporanges opening vertically. Sporanges panicled, with rudimentary ring; marsh ferns. Fam. 2. Osmundaceae. Sporanges ovoid, in panicles or spikes, with a vertical ring. ; ‘ Fam. 3. Schizgaeaceae. Sporanges opening transversely, provided with a vertical ring, borne in sori on the back or margin of the leaf. Fam. 4. Polypodiaceae. Family 1. OPHIOGLOSSACEAE Presl. Adder’s Tongue Family. Veins reticulate; sporanges cohering in a distichous spike. 1. Ophioglosswm. Veins free; sporanges distinct, borne in spikes or panicles. 2. Botrychiwm. 1, OPHIOGLOSSUM L. ApDDER’s TONGUE. Leaves ovate to elliptic, large; basal veins 9-13 or more. 1. O. vulgatwm. Leaf lanceolate, small; basal veins 5-7. 2. O. arenarium. 1, OPHIOGLOSSUM vuULGATUM L. Common Adder’s Tongue. M. p. 2. Bogs and pastures. Summer. Bucks—Woodbourne (Cr), Durham, Ruth (Fr.), Solebury Twp. (Ws.). Delaware—Haverford (C. E. 8.), N. W. part of the county, Dr. Geo, Smith (Fu.). Chester—(P.). Lancaster—Fulton Twp. (Pr.). Berks— Hamburg (Br.) (Cr.) (Ke.). Burlington—Medford (Br.), Brown Mills, Hanover (C.). Salem— Riddleton, Middlesex, Woodbridge (C.). New Castle—Brandywine, Tatnall ; Dixons, Commons ; Iron Hill, Canby. . OPHIOGLOSSUM ARENARIUM E. G. Britton. M. p. 2. Sandy soil. Sum- mer. Cape May—Near Wildwood. n 2. BOTRYCHIUM Sw. Moonwort. Bud for the following year enclosed in the base of the stem. Leaf rising above the middle of the stem, small plants maturing in early summer. 1. B. matricariaefolium. Leaf rising from little above rootstock. Vernation wholly straight; bud smooth; leaf entire or 2-6-lobed. 2. B. simplex. Vernation inclined; bud pilose;. leaf ample, ternate. Leaf segments obliquely ovate or oblong; large, 1-2 em. long. 3. B. obliquum. (7) 8 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Leaf segments laciniate; narrow, 1 mm. or less wide. 4. B. dissectum. _ Bud enclosed in a cavity at one side of the base of the stem; leaf ternate, decompound, sessile at the middle of the stem. 5. B. Virginianum. 1, BotRYCHIUM MATRICARIAEFOLIUM A. Br. M. p. 3. Moist woods. Early summer. Delaware—Swarthmore (Ca.). Salem—Riddleton (Le.) (Li.). 2. BOTRYCHIUM SIMPLEX E, Hitchcock. M. p. 3. Moist woods, meadows and swamps. Spring. Northampton—Easton (P.). 3. BortRyYCHIUM OBLIQUUM Muhl. M. p. 3. Low woods and open places. Summer. 4, BoTRYCHIUM DISSECTUM Spreng. M. p. 3. Woods and open places. Summer. 5. BOTRYCHIUM VIRGINIANUM (L.) Sw. M. p. 4. Rich woods. Summer. Family 2. OSMUNDACEAE R. Br. 1. OSMUNDA L. FLOWERING FERN. Leaves bipinnate, fertile at apex. 1. O. regalis. Sterile leaves bipinnatifid. Pinne of sterile leaf with a tuft of tomentum at base; fertile leaf dis- tinct from sterile. 2. O. cinnamomea. Pinne of sterile leaf without a tuft of tomentum at base; leaves fertile in the middle. 3. O. Claytoniana. 1. OsmunDA REGALIS L. Royal Fern. M. p. 4. Swamps and wet woods. Spring. 2. OSMUNDA CINNAMOMEA L. Cinnamon Fern. M. p. 4. Wet places. Spring. 3. OsMuUNDa CuayToniIaNna L. M. p. 4. Moist places. Spring. Fawily 3. SCHIZAEACEAE Reicbenb. Sporanges in close 2-ranked spikes; leaves filiform or linear. 1. Schizaea. Sporanges in ample panicles; pinnules palmate. 2. Lygodium. 1. SCHIZAEA J. E. Smith. 1. ScHizaEa PUSILLA Pursh. M.p.5. Low ground in pine barrens. Autumn. Burlington— Quaker Bridge (Fr.) (Pr.), Speedwell (St.), Atsion (Te.). Atlantic—Egg Harbor, Pleasant Mills, Hospitality, 8th Street (C.), Absecon (Ja.) (Wn.). Occan—Forked River, Ferago, Kettle Creek (C.), Toms River (Fu.), Island Heights Junction (Mac.). 2. LYGODIUM 8w. 1. LyeopiIum PaLMatum (Bernh.) Sw. Climbing Fern. M. p. 6. Moist thickets and open woods. Autumn. Philadelphia— Wissahickon, Dr. Geo, Smith (Fu.). Bucks—Yardley- ville, L. L. Smith (B. Sm.). POLYPODIACEAE. 9 Burlington—Brown Mills, Medford (Br.), Moorestown (C.), Atsion (Sa.), New Lisbon (Te.). Camden—East Magnolia, Clementon (Br.), White Horse (C.). Gloucester—Tomlin (Wn.). Mercer—Highstown, Trenton (C.). Monmouth—Matawan, Shark River (C.). Family 4. POLYPODIACEAE R.:Br. Leaves all flat, or their edges only slightly revolute.. ; ~ Sori without indusia. Stipes articulated to the rootstocks; leaves pinnatifid. 1. Polypodium. Stipes not articulated to the rootstocks; leaves 2-3 pinnatifid. 11. Phegopteris. Sori with se aa indusia formed of the more or less altered edge of the lea Sporanges at the ends of veins, borne on a reflexed portion of the leaf. 2. Adiantum. Sporanges borne ona continuous vein-like, receptacle which con- neects the apices of the veins. 3. Pteridiwm. Sporanges at or near the ends of unconnected veins. © Sori mostly forming a continuous indusium around the seg- ment. 4. Pellaea. Sori minute; 3 indusium usually interrupted, if continuous the segments small and bead-like. 5. Cheilanthes. Sori dorsal or marginal, provided with special indusia.’ Sori linear or oblong; indusia more than twice as tata broad. Sori in chain-like rows: parallel to the midribs or rachises. _ 6. Woodwardia. Sori all oblique to the midrib or rachises; veins free. 7. Asplenium. Sori partly parallel to the midrib, partly oblique; veins united. 8. Camptosorus. Sori roundish, indusia less than twice as long as broad. Indusium superior. Indusium orbicular, peltate, fixed by the centre. 9. Pol ystichum. Indusium reniform or orbicular with a narrow sinus by which it is attached to the leaf. 10. Dryopteris. ‘Indusium delicate, partly inferior, fixed by a broad base’ and enclosing the sorus like a hood." a. 12, Filia, Indusium wholly inferior.. Indusium roundish or ainllate, 13. Woodsia. Indusium ewp-shaped or somewhat 2-valved. 14. Dennstaedtia. Spore-bearing leaves closely rolled together with necklace-like segments. Leaves with free veins; rootstock stout, erect. 15. Matteuccia. Leaves with anastomosing veins; rootstocks ereeping with scattered ' leaves.’ 16. Onoclea. 1. POLYPODIUM L. 1. Ponyrovrum vutcare L. Polypody. M. p. 7. Rocks. Summer. Common within the range except South New Jersey. Burlington—Vincentown (C.).. Camden—Delaware below Gloucester (C.). 3 | 2. ADIANTUM L. 1. ADIANTUM PEDATUM'L. Maidenhair. M. p. 8. Woods. Summer. 10 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 3. PTERIDIUM Scop. Brake or BRACKEN. ‘1, Preripium aquiuinum (L.) Kuhn. Common Brake. M. p. 8. Thickets and hillsides. Summer. 4, PELLAEA Link. 1, PELLAEA ATROPURPUREA (I) Link. Cliff Brake. M. p. 9. Rocks, pre- ferring limestone. Summer. oe Philadelphia—Shawmont (Sa.). Bucks—Nockamixon. Montgomery— Lafayette, Ivy Rock, Conshohocken (Re.). Chester—Pheenixville (Sa.). Lancaster—(P.). Berks—Reading (Wn.). Lehigh—Rockdale (Kr.). Northampton—Easton, Porter (B. C:). Dauphin—Harrisburg’ (Wn.). 5. CHEILANTHES 8&w. 1, CHEILANTHES LaNosA (Michx.) Watt.. Lip Fern. M. p. 9. Rocks. Summer. Bucks—Pipersville, Sellersville (Fr.), Zieglersville (Je.), Nockamixon (Le.), Neshaminy (Re.) (Ws.).. Montgomery — Valley Forge, I. Burk (He.), Mill Creek (C. E. 8.), Lafayette (Te.). Delaware—West of Hol- land’s Bridge, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.). Chester—Phenixville (Sa.), Green- tree (Te.). Lancaster —Octoraro Creek, near ae line (Pr.), Safe Harbor, Tucquan (Ee), _ Berks—Reading (P.).. Northampton—Eas- ton (P.). ' ; . Huniterdon—Lumbertville, Milford (C.). New Castle—Below Jessups, opposite Rockford. | «6. ‘ WOODWARDIA J. E. Smith. Cuan FErn. Tears uniform; veins free between the sori and the margin. ' 1. W. Virginica. Leaves of two kinds; veins ve anastomosing. 2. W. areolata. 1, Woopwarpia Vireinica (L.) J. F. Smith. M.p.10. Swamps. Summer. Bucks—Tullytown (Cr.) (Wn.), Bristol (Fr.). Delaware—Tinicum. Northampton—Moore Twp. (P.). Burlington—Taunton (Sts.), Pember- ton (Te.). Camden—Winslow, Mart. (B. C.). Gloucester—Paulsboro (Ja.), Mickleton (He.), Woodbury (Je.), Swedesboro, Repaupo (Li.). Cape May—Sea Isle Junction (Sa.). Atlantic—Egg Harbor (Le.) (U. C. S.), May’s Landing (Te.). Monmouth—Ocean Beach, between Deal and Elberon (C.), Asbury Park (Te.). Mercer—Trenton (C.). New Castle— Cedar Swamp, Collins. 2. Woopwarpra AREOLATA (L.) Moore. ‘M. p. 10. Swamps and wet woods. Summer. Bucks—Tullytown (Cr.) (Wn.). Delaware—Tinicum. | New Jersey—Common. New Castle—Not rare. 7. ASPLENIUM L. SpLEeENworT. Sori straight or rarely slightly curved, attached to the upper side of a vein, small (except 5). Leaves pinnatifid or pinnate below, tapering to a point. Stipes blackish below; lobes rounded or the lowest acuminate. 1. A. pinnatifidum. | POLYPODIACEAE. | 11 . Stipes blackish throughout; lobes acute or acuminate, , 2. A. ebenoides. Leaves once pinnate. ~ :Pinne 7 mm. to 8 em. ‘long, mostly blunt. i Pinne auricled at upper side of base. 3. A. platyneuron. Pinne not auricled, partly alternate, partly opposite. 4, A. Trichomanes. Pinne 5-12 em, long, acute or acuminate. 5. A. angustifotium. Leaves 2-3 pinnatifid. ire © Stipes green; leaves ovate-deltoid; vinnatse i -shaped,. veins fla- bellate. . . A, Ruta-muraria. Stipes dark at the base, green above. z A, montanum. Stipes chestnut-brown throughout, as also the lower part of the rachis. 8. A. Bradleyi. Sori usually more or less curved, sometimes horseshoe-shaped, often crossing to the outer or lower side of the veinlet; large ferns. Leaves 2-pinnatifid, segments blunt, scarcely crenate. 9. A. acrostichoides. Leaves 2- “pinnate ;_ pinnules, acute, toothed or ae iss 10. A. Pilia- -foemina, 1. ASPLENIUM PINNATIFIDUM Nutt. M. p. a. Rocks. Summer. Philadelphia— Wissahickon, Mart. (B. C.), Falls of Schuylkill (Je.). Delaware—Ridley Creek, T. C. Palmer (Fu). Enea Eth Furnace, Tuequan, Georgetown (P.). “At Sis 2, ASPLENIUM EBENOIDES R. R. Scott. M. p. “i. “Limestone. _ Summer. Montgomery—FEast side Schuylkill (C.'E. S.). Lancaster—York Fur- nace (Cr.). Lehigh—(P.). Northampton—Glendon, (P.). 3. ASPLENIUM PLATYNEURON (l.) Oakes. M. p. 11. Rocky open woods. Summer. a 4, ASPLENIUM TRICHOMANES L. M. p. 11. Shaded cliffs. Summer. 5. ASPLENIUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM Michx.~ M. p. 12, Rich woods. Autumn. qiiileda aha Maar (Gi,). Lancaster —Peach Bottom. Dee Reading (P.). i. ote Peay Be oe Gad ty tote oe pile wap ape 6. ASPLENIUM Rura-muRaRIA L. M. p. 12. Limestone cliffs... ‘Summer. Bucks—Riegelsville (Fr.). Montgomery—Conshohocken (C. E. S.). Chester—Brook’s Mill (Fl. C.).- Lancaster—Millersville (Cr.). Lehigh —Helfrich 8 Springs (Kr.). Northampton— Easton, Porter (B. C.). 7. ASPLENIUM MONTANUM Willd. M. p. 12) Rocks. Summer. Chester—Octoraro Creek (Le.) (St. Jen ‘Pancaster—York Furnace, Tuc- quan (Ca.) (Sa.) 5 Fites- Eddy (St.). Lehigh—Idlewild (Kr.). North- ampton—Easton (P.). , 8. ASPLENIUM BrabLEyI D. C. Eaton. M. p. 12.. Rocks. Summer. Lancaster—Tuequan, near Muddy Run. (Br. ). 9. ASPLENIUM AcRosticHoIpEs Sw. M. p. 12, Rich woods. Summer. 10. ASPLENIUM FILIX-FOEMINA (L.) Bernh. M., P- 12, In woods, thickets and along fences. Summer. a8 1 ad _ & CAMPTOSORUS Link. de “CaMProsoRUS RHIZOPHYLLUS (hs ‘Link. Walking Fon, M. p. 13. Shaded rocks. Summer. Philadelphia—Byberry, Mart. (B. 0.), epee Manayunk (He.), ‘Wissa- 12 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. hickon (Re.) (Te.), Shawmont (Sa.), Lafayette (Te.). Bucks—Argus (Fr.) (Ja.), Zieglersville (Je.), Sumneytown (VP.), Neshaminy, Rush- "land, Center Bridge (Ws.). Montgomery—Lafayette (Wn.). Delaware Rockdale, Glen Mills, Ridley Creek, Whiskey Run (Fu.), Swarthmore Pe.), Columbine Rocks, Haverford, Mount Misery, Lenni (B. Sm.), Con- cord (W. Tr.), Chad’s Ford (Wn.). Chester—Valley Forge (Ke.), near Mortonville (St.). Lancaster—York Furnace. ,..Dehigh—Saegersville, P. A. Lantz (B. C.), Coplay (Kr.). Northampton—Above Easton, Porter (B. C.). ; a Mercer—Princeton (Te.). .Hunterdon—Rosemont, Lambertville, Mil- ford (C.). New Castle—Jessups, Mount ‘Cuba, ete. ‘9. POLYSTICHUM Roth. 1. PoLystTicHUM ACROSTICHOIDES (Michx.) Schott. Christmas Fern. M. p. 14. Rocky woods. Summer. t 10. DRYOPTERIS Adans. SHIELD FERN, Texture thin-membranous; veins simple or once forked ; leaves pinnatifid. Lower pinne very much reduced, LDN oveboracensis. ‘Lower pinne little, smaller than the. ontiaia, ones. K Veins 1-2-forked; sori crowded, 10-12 to a segment. 2. D. Thelypteris. Veins! simple} 3 sori Harper distant 4-10 to a segment. ~ ., 8 D, simulata. Texture firmer, sometimes subcoriaceous ; veins forking freely. Leaves 2-pinnatifid or 2-pinnate ; segments not EpEaNe: . Indusia large, thinnish, flat. | $ Pinne widest at base. 4, Dd. eatstata, Pinne widest at middle. 5, D. Goldieana. Indusia convex, without marginal glands. 6. D. marginalis. Leaves 2-pinnate or 3- -pinnatifid; segments spinulose-toothed. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, nsually not, narrowed below; scales of the stipe usually with dark centre. — 7. D. spinulosa var. Leaves elongated-lanceolate, usually narrowed at the base; scales of stipe pale brown. | . “8. D. Boottu. 1. DRYOPTERIS NOVEBORACENSIS CL.) A. Grey M. p. 14. Moist woods. Summer. 2. DRyvOPTERIS THELYPTERIS (L.) A. Gray. M. p. 14. Marshes. Summer. 3. Dryopreris simuLaTa Davenp. M. p. 15. Damp woods and shaded swamps. , - Chester—Paoli '(Cr.). 4. DRYOPTERIS CRISTATA (L.) A. Gray. M. p. 15. Swamps and wet woods, Summer. a a a 4a. DRYOPTERIS CRISTATA CLINTONIANA (D. C. Eaton) Underw. M. p. 15. Swampy woods. Summer. : Philadelphia— Wynnewood (Re.). .Delaware—Swarthmore (St.), near Newtown Square (VP.). Chester—Willistown Twp. EPrO: Northampton —Bangor (Pr.). : , "al Camden—Little Timber Creek (C.). Mercer Tike nton ea New Castle—Near Mount Cuba, Commons. " POLYPODIACEAE. 13 5. DRYOPTERIS GOLDIEANA (Hook.) A. Gray. M, p. 15. Rich woods. Sum- mer. ‘ Philadelphia— Wissahickon Creek above Manayunk, Mart. (B. C.), ° Pennypack (Re.). Bucks—Springfield (Fr.). Montgomery—(P.). Dela- ware—Bishop’s Mills (Fu, ), Concord CW. Tr.), Middletown (8. Tr.). Chester—(P.), Berks— —Reading (P. ). Lehigh—Lehigh Binnaetn (Kr.). “Northampton—-Easton (Ca.). New Castle—Brandywine, Tatnall ; Harvey, Commons and Tatnall. 6. DRYOPTERIS MARGINALIS (L.) A. Gray. M. p. 15. Rocky woods. _Sum- mer. 3 Pot / ; : f 7a. DRYOPTERIS SPINULOSA INTERMEDIA (Muhl.), Underw. M., p. 16. “Woods, Summer. Pennsylvania—General. 7b. DRYOPTERIS SPINULOSA DILATATA (Hoffm.) Underw. M. . 16. “Woods. Summer. Pennsylvania—General. 8. Dryopreris Boorrm (Tuckerm.) Underw. M. p. 16. Moist woods. Summer. = Philadelphia—(P.). Montgomery—(P.). -Berks—Heister (P.). New Castle—2 miles'S. W. of Wilmington, Commons. Ard 11. PHEGOPTERIS Fée. Brzcu Fern. Leaves triangular, 2-pinnatifid; pinne sessile, adnate to the winged rachis. Leaves longer than broad, usually dark green. 1. P. Phegopteris. Leaves as broad as long or broader, usually light green. ; 2. P. hexagonoptera. Leaves ternate, with the three divisions petioled; rachis wingless. 3. P. Dryopteris. 1. PHEGOPTERIS PHEGOPTERIS (L.) Underw. M.p.16. Damp woods. Sum- mer, ‘ i on a et ; Philadelphia—Graver’s Lane ‘Station (C. E. s.). Lehigh—Laurel Hill (Kr.). Northampton—Maston Creek (P.). 2, PHEGOPTERIS HEXAGONOPTERA oa Fée. M, p. 16. Open woods. Summer. 3. PHEGOPTERIS Davieumis (L.) Fée. Oak Fern. M.p.17. Moist woods and swamps. Summer. : Philadelphia—Graver’s Lane Station (C. E. 8.). Montgomery—Rock- ledge (Br.). Delaware — Wallingford (Ca.) (Pr.). Chester — (P.). Lancaster—Peach aia oe) (Le.). Northampton—Glendon (P.). 12. WILIX Danae BLADDER FERN. Leaves broadest at base, long- tapering, bearing bulblets beneath. 1. F. bulbifera. Leaves scarcely broader at base, short-pointed; | no bulblets. 2. F. fragilis. 1. Fiuix BuLBirera (L.) Underw. M. p. 17. Shaded ravines. Summer. Bucks—Narrowsville, Point Pleasant (Ws.). “Montgomery—Consho- -hocken, Z. Durand (B.C.). Chester—Coatesville (Le.) (St.). Lancaster —Conestoga (Cr.) (Gi. ), Pequea Creek (Pr.). Lehigh—Hokendauqua Creek, Rockdale (Kr.). Northampton—Wind Gap (He.). : 14 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 2. Fruix rraciiis (L.) Undetw. M. p.'17. Shaded cliffs and rocky woods. Summer. General, but not in southern New Jersey except Burlington—Medford (Br.), 13. “WOODSIA R. Br. % Indusium minute or evanescent, flat, soncealed beneath dhe sorus, sti ‘margin cleft into slender hair-like segments. 1. W. Iwensis. Indusium distinct, at first enclosing the ‘sporanges, aya into jagged ‘lobes. . W. obtusa. 1. Woopsia Itvensis (L.) R. Br. M. p. 18. Exposed rocks. Summer. Bucks—Nockamixon. Chester—Black Rock (F1.C.). Lehigh—Kern’s Mill, near Whitehall (Kr.). 2, Woopsta oprusa (Spreng.) Torr. M. p. 18. Rocks, Summer. 14. DENNSTAEDTIA Bernh, i, DENNSTAEDTIA PUNCTILOBULA (Michx. ) Moore. M. Be 19. _ Open places. ; Summer. | 15,, MATTEUCCIA Todaro. 1, Marreuccia STRUTHIOPTERIS (L.) Todaro. Ostrich Fern. M. p. 19. Alluvial soil.. Summer. : Philadelphia—Upper Wissahickon (Re.). Bucks—Nockamixon. Lan- caster—York Furnace (ee Lehigh—Coplay (Kr.). Northampton— (P.). Dauphin (P.). ; oat Ba : _ Burlington—Crosswick’s ‘Creek (C.). Hunterdon—Rosemont, Bull’s Island, Frenchtown, Lambertville (C.). 16. ONOCLEA L. 1. ONOCLEA SENSIBILIS L. Sensitive Fern. M.p.19. Moist soil. Summer. ge ae » A : ee ar a fy Mi cap 8 Order 2. SALVINIALES. _ Family 1. MARSILIACEAE R. Br. 4, MARSILIA’ L. 1, MaRsILIA QUADRIFOLIA L.: M. p. 20, In, water. Giarer, Delaware—Crum Lynn ae )- i Order 3. EQUISETALES. Family 1. EQUISETACEAE Michx. Horsetail Family. 1, EQUISETUM L. Horsrran. _ Stems annual; stomata scattered., Stems of two kinds, the fertile appearing, in early spring before the sterile. Fertile stems simple, soon withering; sheaths of branches of sterile stems 4-toothed.: 1. HE. arvense. Fertile stems branched when old, only the apex TPE: 2. E. sylvaticum. LYCOPODIALES. 15 ' Stems all alike; spores mature in summer; branches simple or none. Sheaths. rather loose; branches usually long; stems bushy below, attenuate. upwards. 3. EB. littorale. Sheaths appressed ; branches usually short. 4, E. fluviatile. Stems perennial, evergreen; spikes tipped with a rigid point; stomata in _Tegular rows. Stems rough and tuberculate, prominently ridged. .5. KH. hyemale. Stems not tuberculate; sheaths enlarged upwards. 6. EH. laevigatwm. 1. EQuIsETUM ARVENSE L. Common Horsetail. 'M.'p. 22. Sandy soil, Early spring. oh tay - 2. EQuISETUM S¥LvaticuM L. M. p. 22. Wet, shady steeos, Spring. Philadelphia—Tioga Station, Mart. (B.' . ), Gorgas ‘Station (Je.). Bucks—Nockamixon (Cr.), Quakertown, (Le.), Morrisville (Ws.). Dela- ware—Haverford (B. Sm.), Concord (W. Tr.). _ Chester—Greentree (Pr.). Lancaster—(P.). Lehigh—Salsburg (Kr.), Lehigh Mountain, Dr. J. Be Brinton (U. Cc. 8.). Northampton— (P.). _ New Castle—On limestone debris, Hockessin. 3. EQUISETUM LITTORALE Kuehl. M. p. 22. Sandy River shores. "Bucks — Point Pleasant (Fr.). Delaware — (P. ). | Northampton ~ Easton (P.). Lancaster and Dauphin—On.the Susquehanna (P.). : 4, EQUISETUM FLUVIATILE L. M. p. 23. In shallow water. Summer. Bucks—Nockamixon (He.), Penn Valley: (Ja.). Delaware—Chester (B. Sm.). Lehigh—Slatingdon (Kr.).. Northampton—(P.). Camden—Kaighn’s Point (Ja.). ‘ New Castle—Port Penn (Pr.), Holly Oak, Canby. a 4 5. Equiserum HYEMALE L. Scouring Bush. M. p. 23. ‘Wet places, Spring. Bucks—No¢kamixon (He.) (Ke.), New Hope (Ws.). Delaware—Wawa (Sa.), Ridley Creek, near Media (B. Sm, .), Concord (W. Tr.), Walling- ford (Wn.). Chester—(P.). Lancaster Paradise (St.). Lehigh-—Cop- lay (Kr.). Northampton—Bethlehem (Pr.). Burlington—Birmingham, Vincentown (C.), Medford (Sts.). Glouces- ter—Westville (He.) (Wn.). Salem— Woodstown (He.) li). oe berland—Millville (Je.). Monmouth—Keyport (G.). 7 New Castle—Noxentown, Canby ; ; Kiemensi, ‘Faulkland, Centerville, Commons; Harvey, Tatnall. ie 6. EQuIsETuM Larvicatum A. Br. M. p. 23. Along streams and rivers in clay soil. , Northampton—Easton (P.). ae ee Order 4. LYCOPODIALES. proves all of one sort and size. Fam. 1. Lycopodiaceae. Spores of two sizes. : Leaves scale-like, 4-many-ranked, on pointes, stems. Fam. 2. Siiainatacan Leaves elongated, clustered on a corm-like trunk; aquatic or mud plants.’ Fam. 3. Isoetaceae. Family 1. LYCOPODIACEAE Michx. Club-moss Family. 1. LYCOPODIUM L. CLuB-Moss. Sporanges borne in the axils of leaves, which are similar to those of the stem. 16 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Sporanges mostly wanting in the axils of the eo mostly 8-ranked leaves. . L. luetdulum. Sporanges only in the axils of the upper ina. " forming terminal spikes; leaves many-ranked. Plant: slender; leaves acute; soft, mostly entire. : 2. L. inundatum. Plant stout; leaves narrow, spinulose-pointed,’ bristle- toothed be- low the middle. 3. L. alopecuroides. Sporanges borne in the axils of yellowish ovate or cordate scale-like leaves, which are very unlike those of the sterile stems. Stems leafy up to the base of the spike or HERE so. \ 4 DL. obscurum. | Fertile ‘branches. with minute leaves SO: that. the spikes appear long- peduneled. 2 Leaves uniform, many-ranked; stems terete. 5. L. clavatum. em Leaves of 2 forms, few-ranked; ‘stems flattened. Yetig Sterile stems entirely creeping; spikes solitary. 6. L. Carolinianum. Sterile stems with fan- like ascending branches; spikes clus- tered. ' 7. L. complanatum. 1. LycoropIuM LUCIDULUM Michx. M. p. 24. Cold, damp woods. Summer. 2. Lycopopium InuNDatuM L. M. p. 25. Sandy bogs. ‘Summer. Bucks—Tullytown (Fr.). Delaware—Tinicum,, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.). . New Jersey—Common in the pine barrens. 2a. LyCoPODIUM INUNDATUM BIGELOvII Tuckerm. M. p. 25. Low grounds. Delaware—Tinicum (P.). 3. Lycopopium ALOPECUROIDES L. M. p. 25. Pine-barren swamps. Sum- ‘mer. : iar ae le Bucks—Tullytown (Fr.). Delaware—Tinicum, Dr. Geo. ae (Fu.). New Jersey—Common in the pine barrens. New Castle—Thompsons, Ogletown, etc. 4, Lycopopium opscuruM L. M. p. 25. Moist woods. Summer. Philadelphia — Wissahickon (VP.). Delaware — Swarthmore (Ws.). Chester—(P.). Lancaster—(P.). Northampton—(P.). Burlington—Moorestown, New Lisbon (C.). Camden—Camden,. Atco (C.), Clementon (VP.). Gloucester—Swedesboro (Li.). Salem—Woods- town (Wa.). Atlantic— Hammonton.(O. )- New Castle—Searce. — 5. Lycopoprum cLavatum L. M. p. 25. Woods. Summer. Bucks—Milford Twp., Moyer (P.). Montgomery—Abundant at Jenk- intown (Ws.). Delaware—Lansdowne (Pe.), Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.), Tinicum (W. Tr.). Chester—(P.). Lancaster— (P.). Gloucester—Mickleton (C.). Cumberland—Millville (Je.). New Castle—Farnhurst. 6. Lycopopium CaROLINIANuM L. M. p. 26. Wet pine barrens. Summer. New Jersey—Frequent. 7. LYCOPODIUM COMPLANATUM L. Ground Pine. M. p. 26. Woods and thickets. Summer. , ISOETACEAE. 17 Family 2. SELAGINELLACEAE Underw. 1. SELAGINELLA Beauv. Stem-leaves all alike, many-ranked. . | : 1. 8. ‘rupestris. Stem-leaves of 2 kinds; 4-ranked, spreading in 2 etna 2. S. apus. 1. SELAGINELLA RUPESTRIS (L.) Spring. M. p. 26. Dry rocks. Summer. Philadelphia—Above Manayunk, Mart. (B. C.). Bucks—Nockamixon (Fr.). Chester—(P.). Lancaster—York Furnace (He.) (Ke.). Berks— (P.). Northampton—Easton ie )- Hunterdon—Milford (C.). 9 Eo ys, New Castle—Rocky Ridge, as Lookout. 2. SELAGINELLA APUS (L.) Spring. M. p. 27. Low shady places. Summer. Family 3. ISOETACEAE Underw. Quillwort Family. 1. ISOETES L. Qvuituworr. Submerged or rarely emersed in very dry seasons; leaves quadrangular, without peripheral bast-bundles. Stomata wanting; macrospores crested. 1. I. lacustris. Stomata present; macrospores echinate.. 2. I. echinospora var. Amphibious or submerged only in earlier stages ; stomata always present on the quadrangular leaves. Peripheral bast-bundles wanting. 3. I. riparia. Peripheral ‘bast-bundles present. Macrospores sparsely covered with irregular crests. 4. I, Dodgei.. Macrospores with honeycomb-like reticulations, . 6. D, Engelmanni. 1. Isonres Lacusrais L. M. p. 27. Ponds. Summer. Delaware—Darby (B. Sm.)..: 2a. ISOETES ECHINOSPORA BRAUNII (Durieu) Engelm. M,.p. 28. Ponds. Autumn. Ocean—Toms River (C.). 2b. ISORTES ECHINOSPORA RoBUSTA Engelm. M. p. 28. Ponds. Autumn. Bucks—Durhaiw, Ruth (Fr.) 3. ISOETES RIPARIA Engelm. M. p. 28. Gravelly shores. Summer. Philadelphia—Torresdale (Wn. ). Bucks—Andalusia, Mart.. (Fr. ), Tul- lytown (Fr.). Delaware—Tinicum (Fu.), banks of the Delaware (B. Sm.). Camden—Cooper’s Point, Mart. (B. C.). Gloucester—Delaware, oppo- site Chester (Le.), Timber Creek (Te.). New Castle—River shore, B. Hoopes, Canby, Commons. 4, Isonres Dopezr A. A. Eaton. M. p. 29, Mud flats, Summer. Bucks—Point Pleasant, Dr. Geo. Best (Fr.). ; 5. IsonrTES ENGELMANNI A. Br. M. p. 29. Shallow ponds and ditches. Autumn. Bucks—Near Perkasie. (Fr.), Riegelsville, E. A. Ran (Fr.). Lancaster —Smithville (Ca.). Camden—Camden (C.). New Castle—Thompsons, Farnhurst, Ogletown. 18 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 5a. IsonTES ENGELMANNI YALIDA Engelm. M.,p. 29. Ponds and ditches. Autumn, ~ —— Lancaster—Smithville (P.). 56. IsopTES ENGELMANNI GRACILIS PEE M. p. 29. pans and ditches. Autumn. I : oe Bucks—Sellersville (Pr). Delaware—Tinicum (P.).. 5 Subkinglon SPERMAPHYTA. Class 1. GYMNOSPERMAE, “4, ¢,. Order. 1... PINALES. ... Pistillate flowers several, with carpellary seales;, fruit a cone, either dry or berry-like. Fam. 1. Pinaceae. Pistillate flowers solitary, without a oe seales; fruit drupaceous or baceate. ex ‘Fam. 2... Taxaceae. Family 1. PINACEAE Lindl. Pine Family. Conifers. Scales of the cone numerous; leaf- puds sealy.. Cone-seales: woody; leaves needle- shaped. 2-5 in.a sheath. » _ 1, Pinus. Cone-seales thin; leaves linear- Aliform,: solitary or clustered without sheaths. ae: 2. Tsuga. Scales of the cone few..(3-12);.leaf-buds naked. . ,. ... I" Cone globose, its.scales peltate. 3. Chamaecyparis. Fruit fleshy, berry-like, a modified cone. _ 4. Juniperus. 1, PINUS L. be Leaves 5 in a sheath; cone-scales little thickened at the tip. P.. Strobus. Leaves 2-3 in a sheath; cone-scales much thickened. at the tip. Leaves some or all of them in 2’s, Cones conie, 3-7 em.'long, their scales tipped with prickles. Leaves stout, 3-6 cm. long. 2. P. Virginiana. Leaves slender, 7-13 cm. long. 3. P. echinata. . Cones 8-12 cm. long, their scales ‘tipped with very stout, short spines. ; “4. Pz pungens. Leaves in 3’s' (very rarely in 2s or 4’s)._ Leaves 1.5-2.5 dm. long; old sheaths» d- 2.5 em, long; cones oblong- conic. 5. P. Taeda. Leaves 7-13 em. longs old sheaths, 0.6- ie em. long; cones ovoid, base flat. 6. P. rigida. 1. Pinus Stropus L.’ White Pine. M. p. 31. In woods, frequently in cultivation. Early summer. Ws a Bucks—Rock Hill (Fr.), Buckingham (Ws.). Montgomery—Shannon- ville (Cr.), Edge Hill (Re.), Schuylkill at Lafayette (Ws.). Delaware— Haverford (Le.), Concord (W. Tr.).. Chester—(P.). Lancaster—(P.). Lehigh—Lehigh Mountain (Kr.). se Camden—Berlin (C.). Gloucester—Woodbury (C.), Swedesboro (Li.). Monmouth—Pinebrook (C.). Middlesexz—Woodbridge (C.). PIN ACEAE. 19: New Castle—Faulkland, Commons. 2.. PINUS: VIRGINIANA Mill: New Jersey or Scrub Pine. M. P 32. Sandy soil. Spring. Philadelphia—Byberry, Mart. (B. C.), “Wissahickow. (Re.). Bucks— Banks of the Delaware (Fr.) (Ws.), Narrowsville (Mac.). Montgomery —Shannonville (Cr.). Lancaster—(P.). . Northampton— (P.)- New Jersey—Common outside the pine barrens. New Castle—Peach’s, Ogletown, ete. Frequent. 3. Pinus EcHINatTa Mill. Yellow Pine. M. p. 32. Usually in dry or sandy soil. Spring. Montgomery—Shannonville (Cr.). | Delaware—Radnor (Fu.), Chester (W. Tr.). Lancaster—Manheim (Ca.). Burlington—Medford '(Br.), Quaker Bridge (He.), Brown Mills (Te.). Camden—Ancora (Gi.),Winslow (Re.). Gloucester—Mickleton,' Swedes- ‘boro (Li). Cumberland—Fairton, ‘Bridgeton (C.).:_ Atlantic—May ’s- Landing (Ha.), Hammonton (C.). Ocean—New Egypt )y vee . (Mac.). Middlesex—South Amboy (C.). ; AMedy 4. PINUS PUNGENS Michx. f. Table Mountain Eanes Ms p. 32. , ‘Wools Spring. ‘ Lancaster—York Furnace (Cr.), MeCall ’g Ferry: (Le.). Berks—Ham- burg (Cr.). DE ese es ). Hunterdon— Sergeantsville (C.). 5. Pinus taEpa L. Loblolly or Old-Field Pine. M. p. 32. Wet clay or -.. .. dry sandy soil. Spring. Cape May— Near Cape May. ., : New, Castle—Blackbird Head, Commons. 6. PINuS RIcIpA Mill: ‘Pitch Pine. ' M. p. 33. Susagis or barren soil. Spring. Philadelphia— Wissahickon (Re.). ~Bucks~+Sellersville, Rock Hill (Fr.). Delaware—Swarthmore (Ws.) ' Chester—(P.). Lancaster—(P.). Lehigh —Lehigh Mountain (Kr.). Northampton—(P.). New Jersey—Common, mainly restricted to the pine barrens. New Castle—Fernhook, Canby; Centerville, Commons. ‘2. TSUGA’ Carr. ; 1. Tsuca CANADENSIS (L.) Carr. Hemlock. M. p. '34. Mostly hilly or rocky woods. Spring. ba es neh Philadelphia— Wissahickon. Bucks—Sellersville (Fr.), Narrowsville (Mac.), N eshaminy (Ws. ). Montgomery—Above Manayunk (Sa.). Dela- ware— Lansdowne (Pe. ), Swarthmore (Pr.): (Sa. 3} (Ws. ); ‘Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.), Valley of Crum Creek (VP.), Concord (W. Tr.). Ches- ter—Near Laurel, Octoraro (St.). Lancaster—(P.). Lehigh—Rockdale (Kr. ). N orthampton - _ ‘Easton, Porter (B.. C.). Dauphin — Steelton (Wn.), Burlington—Burlington, Vincentown (C.). . Gloucester—Near Swedes-. boro (Li.). Ocean—New Egypt (C.). ‘x8 ‘New Castle—Odessa, Greenbank, Commons; near Allapokas. 20 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 3. CHAMAECYPARIS Spach, 1, CHAMAECYPARIS THYOIDES (L.) B.S. P. White Cedar. M. p. 36. Cedar. swamps. Spring. Bucks—Bristol (P.). New Jersey—Common in the pine barrens.’ New Castle—Collins Beach. 4, JUNIPERUS L. Leaves all subulate, prickly-pointed, verticillate; aments axillary. 1. J. communis. Leaves of two kinds; scale-like and subulate, mostly opposite; aments ter- minal. 2. J. Virginiana. 1, JUNIPERUS COMMUNIS L. , Common TOE M. p. 36, Dry sterile hills, Spring. rad : 2. JUNIPERUS VirGINIANA L. Red Cedi Savin, M. p. 37. Dry ‘hills. Spring. i e 4 iy TAXODIUM DISTICHUM Bee L. C. Rich. Bald Caprese In cultivation. . Spring. : SEQUOIA GIGANTEA Tecaiens: Delaware—Roadside near Painter’s Arboretum. Family 2, TAXACEAE Lindl. 1. TAXUS L. 1. Taxus CANADENSIS Marsh. American Yew, Ground Hemlock. M. p. 37. Moist banks and hills, especially under evergreens. Spring. Bucks—Nockamixon (Fr.), Neshaminy,’ Doylestown (VP:), Upper Black’s Eddy, Bedminster (Fr.). Montgomery—Arcola (Cr.). Chester —Black Rock (P.), Pheenixville. (Sa,),. Lehigh—Lehigh Mountain (Kr.). Northampton—Hokendauqua (Kr.), Bethlehem (Me.).: Class 2. ANGIOSPERMAE. Subclass 1. MONOCOTYLEDONES. Order 1. PANDANALES. Flowers in elongated Rp aehe Fam. 1. Typhaceae. Flowers globose. | : Fam. 2. Sparganiaceae. Family 1. TYPHACEAE J. St. Hil. Cat-tail Family. 1. TYPHA L. Cat-Tatrn, Spikes dark brown or black, the pistillate and. staminate ‘usually contiguous, the former without bractlets ; stigmas spatulate or rhomboid; pollen’ 4- grained. 1. TZ. latifolia. Spikes light brown, the pistillate and staminate usually distant, the former with bractlets; stigmas linear; pollen in simple grains. 6 Ds angustifolia. 1. TypHa Latirotia L. M. p. 39. In marshes. Summer. NAIADACEAE, 21 2, TYPHA aNcustiroLia L. M. p. 39. In marshes. Summer, _ Family 2. SPARGANIACEAE Agardh. Bur-reed Family. 1. SPARGANIUM L. Bur-Rzep. Fruit sessile. 1. 8. eurycarpum. Fruit stalked. 2. 8. androcladum. 1. SPARGANIUM BURYCARPUM Engelm. | M. p. 39. Marshes and along streams. Summer,, 2, SPARGANIUM ANDROCLADUM (Engelm.) Morong. M. p. 39. Bogs or shal- low water. Summer. Order 2. NAIADALES. Perianth, if present, inferior; ‘earpels | mostly’ distinct. Perianth- -segments, when present, herbaceous. Carpels distinct; aquatic herbs. : Fam. 1. Naiadaceae. Carpels united until maturity; bog plants; flowers racemed or spiked. Fam. 2. Scheuchzeriaceae. Perianth of two series of segments, the outer green; ; the inner mostly white. Fam. 3. Alismaceae. Perianth superior; carpels united. Fam. 4. Vallisneriaceae. Family 1. NATADAOCEAE Lindl. Flowers perfect. Perianth of 4 distinct segments. 1. Potamogeton. Lae Perianth none; flowers naked. ; 2. Ruppia. Flowers monecious or diacious. : Leaves entire. Leaves 1-nerved, 2-8 cm. long, 0.5 mm. or less wide. 3. Zannichellia. Leaves many-nerved, 0,3-1.6 m. long, 2-8 mm. wide. ; 5. Zostera. Leaves spiny-toothed on the margins. 4, Naias. 1. POTAMOGETON L. Ponpweep. Stipules axillary and free from the leaf. With floating and submerged leaves. ‘Submerged leaves bladeless. Drupelets barely keeled; nutlets more or less pitted. 1. P. natans. Drupelets 3-keeled; nutlets not pitted. | 2. P. Oakesianus. Submerged leaves with a proper blade.. Submerged leaves of 2 kinds, lanceolate and oval or oblong. “Uppermost leaves broadly oval or elliptic, lowest lanceo- late. 3. P. amplifolius. Uppermost leaves lanceolate and pellucid, lowest oblong and opaque. 4. P. pulcher. Submerged leaves all alike. Blades of the submerged leaves linear or nearly so throughout. Blades the same breadth throughout, obtusely pointed, coarsely cellular- reticulated in the middle. 5. P. Nuttallit. Blades dilated at base, acute, without cellular reticu- lation. 7. P. heterophyllus. Blades of the submerged leaves lanceolate. 6. P. lonchites. 22 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. With submerged leaves only... Without propagating buds and without pines Leaves with broad blades, mostly. BROS or ovate, many- “!” nerved. 3 Ps perfoliatus. Leaves with narrow. blades, linear or dhlpae ee several- nerved. 12. P. foliosus. ‘ Leaves with narrow blades, capillary or setaceous, 1-nerved or ~ nerveless. 9. P. confervoides. With propagating buds or glands, or both. With buds, but Ee glands. Leaves serrulate, 3-7-nerved. 10. P. crispus. Leaves entire, with 3 principal and many fine nerves.. Ld P, zosteraefolius. With both buds and glands. Glands Jptge ang, translucent, buds rare. - 13. P. obtusifolius. Gianda: small, ‘often ‘dull; buds common. 14. P. pusillus. Stipules adnate to the leaves or petioles. With both floating and submerged leaves. Submerged peduncles as long as the spikes, clavate, often recurved. 15. P.' diversifolius. Submerged spikes sessile or nearly so. ‘16. P. Spiritus. With submerged leaves only. ' Drupelets without keels or obscurely keeled... 17. P. pectinatus. Drupelets strongly 3-keeled. be #8 18. P. Robbinsii. oe 1, PoramogeTon warans L. M. p. 42. Ponds and streams. Summer. 2. POTAMOGETON OAKESIANUS Robbins. M. p. 42. Still water. Summer. Burlington—Brown Mills (C.). Atlantic—Estelville (C.), Mill Pond 10 miles west of Atlantic City (He.). Océan—Forked River (Le.). 3. POTAMOGETON AMPLIFOLIUS Tuckerm. M. p. 43. Ponds and rivers, Summer. Philadelphia — Schuylkill above Philadelphia (Cr.). Bucks — Hoot’s Dam (Fr.). Delaware—Rifle Range (Cr.). Lehigh—Lehigh River (Kr.). Northampton—(P.). Camden—In the Delaware (C.). Gloucester—Big Timber Creek (He.). 4, POTAMOGETON PULCHER Tuckerm. M. p. 43. Ponds. Summer. Bucks—Bristol (Cr.). Lehigh—(P.). Northampton—(P.). Gloucester —Repaupo (Li.) (Wn.). Salem—Elmer (C.). Cape May— Wildwood (C.). Atlantic— Atlantic City (C. ). Ocean—Toms River (C.). New Castle—Col. Andrews, Tatnall; Newport, Commons; Shelpot Creek, Cedar Swamp, Commons. i i 5. Potamoceton Nurratum Cham. & Sch. M. p. 43. Ponds and streams. Summer. ‘6. POTAMOGETON LONCHITES Tuckerm. M. p. 43. Ponds and slow streams. Late summer. Philadelphia—Angora,' C. A. Boice (Te.). Delaware—Tinicum (B. 8m.). Lancaster—Opposite Marietta (Le.), Safe Harbor (P.). North- amptonEBaston (P.). Glowcester—Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). New Castle—Cherry Island, Commons. ‘7, POTAMOGETON HETEROPHYLLUS Schreb. M. p. 44. Still or flowing water. Summer. NAIADACEAE, 93 8 PoTaMOGETON PERFOoLIATUS L. M.'p.45. Ponds and streams. Summer. 9. POTAMOGETON. CONFERVOIDES Reichb. .:M. p. 45... Cold ponds. . Summer. Burlington—Atsion, Pleasant Mills (C.), Brown Mills, Tuckerton (Te.). Camden—Atco (C.). Gloucester—Malaga (C.). Atlantic—Mill pond 10 miles west of Atlantic City (He.). ..Ocean—Forked River (Cr.) (He.). 10. PoramMocETon orispus L. M. p. 46. Flowing’ or stagnant, fresh or brackish water. Summer. : Lancaster—Conestoga Creek (P.). ‘Northampton—Lehigh River and Bushkill Creek (P.). = mT aly hg Whine egy Camden—In the Delaware (C.).. Hunterdon—In the Delaware (C.). 11. PoTAMOGETON. ZOSTERAEFOLIUS Schum. M. p. 46. Still or running water. Summer. . Lancaster —Susquehanna River (P.). Oe 8 12. PotamMogETon FOLIosus Raf. M. p. 46. Ponds and streams. Summer. Bucks—Sellersville (Fr.). Lancaster—Susquehanna, A. P. Garber ‘(B. C.), Paradise (St.). Salem—Salem, Woodstown (Li.). New Castle—Common. 13. PoTAMOGETON OBTUSIFOLIUS Mert. & Koch. M. p. 46. Still water. Summer. Lancaster—(P.). Northampton—Easton (P.).. 14, PoTAMOGETON PUSILLUS L. M. p. 47. Ponds and slow streams. Sum- mer. - es 15. PoTAMOGETON DIVERSIFOLIUS Raf. -M. p, 48. . Shallow or stagnant water. Summer. 16. PoramoceTon SPirmius Tuckerm. M. p. 48, Ponds and ditches. Summer. : : ; : Bucks—Rock Hill (Fr.). Delaware—Haverford (Fu.) (B.Sm.). Lan- caster—Susquehanna (Cr.). Camden—Delaware River (C.). Gloucester— Westville’ (Li.). 17. POTAMOGETON PECTINATUS L. a P- 49. _ Fresh, brackish, or salt water. Summer. Lancaster —Susquehanna (ce) (Le.) (Pr. ), Peach Bottom (Pr.). Lehigh—Salsburg (Kr.). ” Northampten—Black Horse Tavern ea Dauphin—Steelton (Wn.). Ocean—Island Heights (Mac.). Hunterdon—In the Delaware (Cc). 18. PoramocEton Rossinstt Oakes. M., p. 49. Ponds and slow streams. Summer. Lancaster —Susquehanna River (P.). Northampton—Lehigh River (P.). Atlantic—Pleasant Mills, E. Diffenbaugh (B. O.). ' New ‘Castle—Canal, Delaware City, Commons. 1 ; ; 2, RUPPIA L. DrircH-Grass. 1. Rursta maRITIMA L. M. p. 50., Shallow bays along coast. Summer. 24 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 3. ZANNICHELLIA L. Hornep PoNDWEED. 1, ZANNICHELLIA PALUSTRIS L. M. p. 50. Fresh or brackish ponds. Sum- mer. Bucks— Andalusia, Mart. (Fr.). Delaware— _‘Tinioum, 7. C. Palmer (Fu.). Ocean—Forked River (Cr.) (Ja.). New Castle—Port Penn, Brandywine Creek, East Channel. 4, NAIAS L. Narap. 1, NalIAS FLEXILIS (Willd.) Rost. & Schmidt. M. p. 51. Ponds and slow streams. Summer. Bucks—Sellersville (Fr:). Delaware—Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.). Chester—(P.). Lancaster—Susquehanna ep ponte Marietta ae ). North- ampton—Saylor Lake, Wind Gap (He.). Camden—Delaware -River, Camden, Mart. (B. C.). Renn paupo Meadows (He.), Big Timber Creek (Li.). New Castle—Common. 5. ZOSTERA L. 1. ZosTERA MARINA L. Grass-wrack, Eel-grass. M. p. 51. Shoal water of bays along coast. Summer. i Family 2. SCHEUCHZERIACEAE Agardh. Leaves all basal; flowers numerous, in a spike-like raceme. 1. Triglochin. Stem leafy; flowers few in a loose raceme. 2. Scheuchzeria. 1. TRIGLOCHIN L. Arrow-Grass. 1, TRIGLOCHIN MARITIMA L. M. p. 52. Salt marshes. Summer. Ocean—Point Pleasant (Br:) (Ja.). 2. SCHEUCHZERIA L.° 1. ScHEUCHZERIA PALUSTRIS L. M. p. 53. Bogs. Summer, Bucks—Rock Hill (Cr.). Camden—Longacoming (C.). Gloucester—Repaupo. Family 3. ALISMACEAE DC. Water Plantain Family. Carpels in a ring upon a small, flat receptacle. 1. Alisma. Carpels crowded in many series upon a large convex receptacle. Flowers perfect, staminate or polygamous. 2. Lophotocarpus. Flowers monecious or dicecious. 3. Sagittaria. 1, ALISMA L. 1, ALisMA Puantaco-aquatica L. Water Plantain, M. p. 54. Shallow water and ditches. Summer. 2. LOPHOTOCARPUS T: Durand. 1, LopHoTocaRPUS CALYCINUS (Engelm.) J. G. Smith. M. p. 55. Swamps. Summer. New Castle—Shelpot Creek, Delaware City, Augustine Pier. ALISMACEAE. 25 8. SAGITTARIA L. Arrow-Hzap. Fertile pedicels slender, ascending, not reflexed in fruit. Leaf-blades sagittate; filaments glabrous. Beak. of the achene erect. Fruiting pedicels shorter than the bia leaves broad. . S. longirostra. Fruiting pedicels longer than the jicetay eaves narrow. 2. 8. Engelmanniana. Beak of the achene horizontal or oblique. 3. 8. latifolia. Leaf- lay entire, or rarely hastate or cordate. a Fruiting heads sessile or very nearly so. 4. S. rigida. Both staminate and pistillate flowers pedicelled. el oe 5. S. graminea. Fertile pedicels stout, reflexed in fruit; ‘filaments dilated. — : ae - 6. 8. subulata. 1, Sacrrtaria LoneiRostRA (Micheli) J. G. Smith. M. p. 57. In swamps and along ponds. Summer. ~~ Delaware—(P.). Lancaster—(P.). . 2. Sacirraria ENGELMANNIANA J. G. Smith. M. p. 57. Shallow water. Summer. Philadelphia—46th and Spruce streets (Mac.). Bucks—(P.). North- ampton—(P.). Burlington— Quaker Bridge, ‘Brown Mills (C.), east of Medford (St.). Gloucester— Westville (Li.). Atlantic—Pleasant Mills (C.). Ocean— Toms River (Fu.). Monmouth—Sandy Hook (C.). 8. SAGITTARIA LATIFOLIA Willd. M. p. 57. In water and wet places. Sum- mer. 83a. SAGITTARIA LATIFOLIA PUBESCENS Muhl. M. p. 57. Shallow water. Summer. , ; Bucks—Sellersville (Fr.). Chester—Mortonville (St.). Northampton —Seidersville (P.). = i 4, SaGITTARIA RIcIDA Pursh. M. p. 58. Swamps or shallow water. Summer. Philadelphia—Bartram’s Garden (Mac.). Buceks—Sellersville (Fr.). Delaware — Tinicum (Fr.). Lancaster —({P.). Northampton — (P.). Dauphin—Harrisburg (P.). Camden—Camden, Mart. (B. C. ), Gioienter (Te.). ' Gloucester —West- ville (He.) (Li.) (Wn.). Hunterdon—Bull Island (C.). New Castle—Scarce. viet ; 5. SAGITTARIA GRAMINEA Michx. M, p. 59. Mud or shallow water. Sum- _ mer. Bucks—Bristol (Mac.) (Te.). Delaware—Mareus Hook’ (Fu.). Berks —(P.). Northampton—(P.). Camden—Camden, Mart. (B. C.). Cape May—Cape May (Te.). New Castle—Delaware City. HOS J 6. SAGITTARIA, sUBULATA \(L.) Buchenau. M. p. 59. Tidewater mud, Sum- mer. \ ica age Ul a Phalecaleinn “Tomes: (Br.). Delaware—Tinicum, ‘Dr. Geo. Smith (P.). Camden—Shores of the Delaware (C.), Fish House (Br. ), Washington Park (VP.). Mercer—Trenton (C.). 26 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Family 6. VALLISNERIACEAE Dumort. Tape-grass Pamily. Stem branched; leaves whorled or opposite. 1. Philotria, Acaulescent; stoloniferous; leaves grass-like, elongated. 2. Vallisneria. Stem stoloniferous; leaves broad, rounded, cordate, petioled. 3. Limnobium. “1, PHILOTRIA Raf. WarTER-WEED. Leaf-blades oblong, elliptic or ovate-oblong. | 1. P. Canadensis. Leaf-blades narrowly linear. 2. P. angustifolia. 1. Pumorrra CanapENSIS (Michx.) Britton. M. p. 60. Slow. streams and ponds. Summer. 2. PHILOTRIA ANGUSTIFOLIA Muhl. In shallow water. Summer. Bucks—Point' Pleasant, Britton (P.). 2, VALLISNERIA L.. 1. VALLISNERIA sPIrALIS'L. Tape-grass. Eel-grass. M. p. 60. In slow waters. Late summer. : 3. LIMNOBIUM L. C. Richard. 1. Limnoprum sponeia (Bosc.) L.C. Richard. Frog’s-bit. M.p.61. Stag- _ nant water. Summer. , Monmouth—Swimming River (C.). New Castle—Delaware City, Commons. Order 3. GRAMINALES. Leaves 2-ranked, sheaths without united margins. Fruit a caryopsis; culm mostly hollow. Fam. 1. Gramineae. Leaves 3-ranked, sheaths with united margins. Fruit an achene;. culm solid. Fam. 2. Cyperaceae. Family 1. GRAMINEAE Juss. Grass Family. A. Spikelets 1 or 2-flowered; when 2-flowered the upper fertile, lower stam- inate; rachilla articulated below the scales or the subtending invo- lucre, and not extending beyond the flowers. Spikelets not flattened laterally. Flowering scale and palet hyaline; none of the scales spiny. Spikelets monecious; staminate and pistillate in the same panicle. . ? I. Maydeae. Spikelets in pairs, perfect, or the pedicellate one staminate, empty, rudimentary, or wanting. Il. Andropogoneae. Flowering scale and palet of the perfect flower coriaceous or char- taceous; spikelets involucrate in Nos. 12 and 13; scales 3 or 4. ; - III. Paniceae. Spikelets flattened laterally, 1-flowered; scales 2. IV. Oryzeae. B. Spikelets 1-many-flowered; rachilla generally articulated above the two lower scales (below them in Nos. 28, 35, and 43) and frequently ex- tending beyond the flower in 1-flowered spikelets. Culms herbaceous. Spikelets upon pedicels in panicles, spike-like panicles or racemes, not in rows. Spikelets with but one perfect flower, which is terminal except in Nos. 31 and 32, - GRAMINEAE. 27 Fifth scale enclosing a perfect flower; palet 1-nerved. V. Phalarideae. Third scale enclosing a perfect flower;, palet 2-nerved. VI. Agrostideae. Spikelets with 2 or more perfect flowers (or one staminate in Nos. 35 and 40). Flowering scales generally shorter than the empty lower ‘ones, usually with a bent awn on the back. VII. Aveneae. Flowering scales generally longer than the empty lower ones, unawned or with a straight awn from the apex. IX. Festuceae. Spikelets in two rows, forming a one- -sided spike or raceme. ‘VIII. Chlorideae. Spikelets in two opposite rows, forming an equilateral ‘spike. X. Hordeae. Culms woody, at least at the base; tall reeds. XI. Bambuseae. Tribe I, MAYDEAE. ‘ s 4 1. Tripsacum. Tribe II. ANDROPOGONEAE, Spikelets alike, perfect. 2. Erianthus. Spikelets not alike, the Sessile pene the pedicelled staminate omiphy or wanting. Inflorescence of spike- -like, silky racemes. 3. Andropogon. Inflorescence paniculate. Pedicelled spikelet present and usually staminate. . a 4, Sorghum.. Pedicelled spikelet wanting. 5. Sorghastrum. Tribe III. PANICEAE. Spikelets without subtending involucre of bristles or valves. Spikelets all alike. Spikelets arranged in one-sided racemes. Racemes alternate or scattered, rarely in a terminal pair, or sometimes single and slender; ; in the latter case the spikelets broadly oval and obtuse. Spikelets of 3 scales. 6. Paspalum. Spikelets of 4 scales. Spikelets awnless, the scales glabrous, 9. Brachiaria, Spikelets with the second and third scales hispid on the nerves and ue long-awned. ‘ 10. Echinochloa. Racemes long and slender, digitate or whorled, sometimes single or in pairs ; spikelets lanceolate and acute. 8. Syntherisma. Spikelets epratgpy in a true panicle, either open or contracted. 11. Panicum. Spikelets of two ‘Vinds, one borne on terminal panicles, the other soli- ‘tary on subterranean peduncles and maturing seed. 7. Amphicarpon. Spikelets subtended by. an involucre consisting of: l-many persistent bristles; spikelets in dense spikes or spike-like pani- cles, deciduous. 12. Chaetochloa. Two spine-bearing valves forming a bur enclosing the spikelets and de- ciduous with. them. 13. Cenchrus. 28 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Tribe IV. ORYZEAE, Spikelets monecious. 14. Zizania. Spikelets not monecious. 15. Homalocenchrus. Tribe V. PHALARIDEAE, Third and fourth scales not awned; stamens .3. 16. Phalaris. awned upon the back; stamens 2. 17. Anthoxanthum. subtending staminate flowers with 3 stamens; fertile flowers with 2 stamens. 18. Savastana. Tribe VI. AGROSTIDEAE, Flowering scale indurated at maturity, of firmer texture than the empty, and closely enveloping the grain. Rachilla not prolonged beyond the palet. Flowering scale with a three-branched awn; stamens mostly 3. 19. Aristida. Flowering scale with a simple awn. Flowering scale narrow; awn persistent. Awn tortuous or twisted, stout; callus evident. 20. Stipa. Awn straight, very slender; callus minute. 22. Muhlenbergia. Flowering scale broad; awn slender, straight, deciduous; cal- lus obtuse. 21. Oryzopsis. Rachilla with a pedicel-like extension beyond the palet; stamens 2. . 23. Brachyelytrum. Flowering scales hyaline or Hem branious at maturity; empty scales coarser; grain loose. Spikelets in a dense spike-like panicle, (Some species of 27 may be looked for here.) “en? Spikelets 6 mm. or less long. Spikelets readily deciduous at maturity. Empty scales not awned. 26. Alopecurus. Empty scales awned. 28. Polypogon. Spikelets not deciduous; empty scales persistent. Flowering scales slightly exceeding the empty ones. 24. Heleochloa. Flowering scales much shorter than the empty ones. : 25. Phieum. Spikelets 10-12 mm. long; tall Beasete grasses. 32. Ammophila. Spikelets variously panicled; panicle wat spike-like, except in a few species of No. 27. ie loosely . enclosed in a pericarp, which opens readily at matur- 27. Sporobolus. Seed ‘adherent to the pericarp. Palet one-nerved; stamen 1; flower plainly stalked; scales not hairy. 29. Cinna. Palet 2-nerved; stamens 3; flower not plainly stalked. . Flowering seale bifid, with a delicate awn on its back; rachilla prolonged into a short bristle. 34, Apera. Flowering scale entire; rachilla not prolonged into a bristle. Callus with a tuft of long hairs at the base (except in some species of No. 31). Rachilla extended beyond the palet. 31. Calamagrostis. Rachilla not extended beyond the palet. 33. Calamovilfa. Callus naked or with very short hairs. 30. Agrostis. GRAMINEAE, 29 Tribe VII. AVENEAE, Spikelets deciduous; lower flower perfect, upper staminate, awned; plant velvety. 35. Holeus. Spikelets not deciduous ; empty scales persistent, flowering ones deciduous. Spikelets of 2 perfect flowers; rachilla not prolonged beyond the upper one. 36. Aira. Spikelets 2-many-flowered; rachilla prolonged beyond the upper flower. Awn of flowering seale upon the back, inserted below the teeth. Flowers all perfect, or the upper ones staminate or wanting. Spikelets less than 12 mm. long; grain free, unfurrowed. Flowering scale finely erose-dentate or 2-lobed. 37. Deschampsia. . Flowering scale cleft or 2-toothed, with the teeth some- times produced into awns. 38. Trisetum. Spikelets over 12 mm. long; grain furrowed, usually ad- herent to the scales. 39. Avena. -Upper flower perfect,. lower staminate, its scales strongly awned. 40. Arrhenatherum. Awn from between the lobes or teeth of the flowering scale, gener- ally twisted. : 41. Danthonia. Tribe VIII. CHLORIDEAE. One perfect flower in each spikelet. No empty scales above the flower. Spikelets deciduous. 43. Spartina. Spikelets not deciduous; empty scales persistent; low, slender grasses. 42. Capriola. One to several empty scales above the flower. Spikelets scattered or remote on filiform spikes. 44, Gymnopogon. Spikelets crowded, sometimes 2-flowered. 45. Atheropogon. Two to three perfect flowers in each spikelet. Spikes with terminal spikelets. 46. Eleusine. Spikes without terminal spikelets, the rachis extending beyond them into a point. 47. Dactyloctenium. Tribe IX. FESTUCEAE. Rachilla with long hairs enveloping the flowering scale; tall sanity grass. 48, Phragmites. Rachilla and flowering scales naked or hairy, hairs much shorter than the scales. Flowering scale 1-3-nerved, or rarely with faint additional intermediate nerves. Lateral nerves of flowering scale pilose. Internodes of the rachilla long, the deeply 2-lobed flowering scale attached by a long-pointed callus. 50. Triplasis. Internodes of the rachilla and the callus of the flowering scale short, blunt. : Panicle simple or compound, contracted or open, the spike-: lets on pedicels of varying length. 49. Tricuspis. Panicle composed of long branches, along which the ap- pressed spikelets are arranged on short pedicels. 51. Diplachne. Lateral nerves of the flowering scale glabrous. Second empty scale similar to the first. 52. Eragrostis. : Second empty scale very dissimilar to the first, broad and rounded at the summit. : 53. Eatonia, Flowering scales 5-many-nerved. Spikelets with 2 or more of the upper scales empty, broad and en- folding each other. 54, Melica. 30. FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Spikelets with the upper scales flower-bearing, or narrow and abor- tive. Stigmas placed at or near the apex of the ovary. Scales more or less strongly compressed and keeled. Enapty basal scales 3-6; spikelets flat, 2- -edged. 55. Uniola. Empty basal seales 2; spikelets flattened. Panicle contracted; spikelets dicecious. / 56. Distichlis. Panicle open; spikelets perfect. Flowering scales herbaceous, awn-pointed; spikelets collected into one-sided clusters. , 57. Dactylis. Flowering scales scarious-margined; rachis glabrous. or with webby hairs. 58. Poa. Seales rounded on the back, at least below. Obtusé or subacute and scarious at the apex, usually toothed. Plainly 5-7-nerved; styles present. 59. Panicularia. Obseurely 5-nerved; no style. . 60. Puccinellia. Acute, pointed or awnedl at the apex. : ' 61. Festuca. Stigmas plainly arising below the apex of the ovary; scales masetly awned. 62. Bromus. Tribe x. _HORDEAE. . Spikelets solitary at: the notches of the rachis. Flowering scales with their backs turned to the rachis. - . 63., Lolium. Flowering scales with their sides turned to the rachis. ‘ 64, Agropyron. Spikelets 2-6 at each joint of the rachis; scales mostly long-awned. Spikelets 1-flowered or with the rudiment of a second flower. 65. Hordeum. Spikelets 2-many-flowered. Empty seales a little smaller than the flowering ones. 66. Elymus. Empty. scales very small or none. 67. Hystria. Tribe XI. BAMBUSEAE. Tall canes with iarge, flat spikelets in panicles or racemes. 68. Arundinaria. 1, TRIPSACUM L. 1. TRIPSACUM DACTYLOIDES L. Gama-grass, Sesame-grass. M.p. 67. Moist soil. Summer. Philadelphia—Bartram’s Garden (B. Sm.). Delaware—Painter’s Ar- boretum (Fu.). Chester—(P.). Laneaster—Islands, York Furnace (Cr.) (Le.), Fites Eddy (St.). Berks—Near Reading (P:). Cape May—Cape May, I. Burk (He.). Atlantic—Near Egg Harbor (C.). Monmouth—Monmouth Beach Center (C.). New Castle—Above Allapokas. GEAMINEAE. 81 2. ERIANTHUS Michx. PLuMs-cRAss. Awn spiral. 1, E. alopecuroides, Awn straight. 2. H. compactus. 1, ERIANTHUS ALOPECUROIDES (L.) Ell. M. p. 67. Damp soil. Autumn. Burlington—Below Burlington (C.). Gloucester—Mickleton, Swedes- ~. boro (C.). Atlantic—Hammonton (C.). 2. ERIANTHUS CoMPACTUS Nash. M. p. 68. Moist soil. Summer, Bucks—Andalusia, Mart. (Fr.). . 8, ANDROPOGON L. BEARp-cRAss. Racemes singly disposed; apex of the rachilla internodes with’ a translucent, cup-shaped,’ entire or irregularly-toothed appendage.. Spikelets’ oe mm. long; sheaths of the amnigye tions green. i 1. A. scoparius. Spikelets 8: ‘10’ mm. long; sheaths of ‘the cpearen strongly com- pressed, glaucous. . A, littoralis. Racemes disposed in pairs or more; apex of the revaitis ae unappen- daged. Pedicellate spikelet sterile, of 1 or 2 iat much smaller than the ses- ' sile one. Racemes usually protruding from the lateral — of the spathe, . sometimes more or less exserted from the apex, the peduncle ’ never long exserted. . Branches of.the inflorescence crowded at the summit of the _ culm in a dense ¢corymbiform panicle. 3. A. corymbosus. Branches of the, inflorescence scattered along the culm in a long, linear panicle. 4. A, Virginicus. Racemes much exserted on long peduncles. 5. A. argyraeus. Pedicellate spikelet as large as, or larger, than, the sessile, y 4 scales and a staminate or rarely perfect flower. . S.A. fureatus. 1, ANDROPOGON SCOPARIUS Michx. M. p. 69. Dry ground. Late summer. 2, ANDROPOGON LITTORALIS Nash. M. p. 69. In sand along: the seashorei Summer. ae Cape May—Stone Harbor (St.). 3, ANDROPOGON CORYMBOSUS (Chapm.) Nash. M. p. 69. Wet soil. Autumn. Bucks — Bristol (Fr.). Montgomery —(P.). Delaware — Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.), Concord (W. Tr.). Chester—(P.).- Lancaster— (P.). SAK, in Ch; ated New Jersey—Common. we ee New Castle—Frequent. 4, ANDROPOGON Virainicus L. M. p. 70. Dry or moist fields, “Tats sum- mer. 5. ANDROPOGON ARGYRAEUS Schultes. M. p. 70. Dry sandy soil. Autumn. New Castle—Railroad below Townsend. 6. ANDROPOGON FURCATUS Muhl. M. p. 70. Dry or moist soil. Late sum- mer. 4, SORGHUM Pers. 1. SorcHUM HaLEPENSE (L.) Pers. Johnson-grass. M. p. 71. Fields and waste places. Summer. ! Philadelphia—(P.). Bucks—(P.). 32 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 5. SORGHASTRUM Nash. 1. SopcHASTRUM AVENACEUM (Michx.) Nash. Indian Grass. M. p. 71. Dry delds. Late summer. 6. PASPALUM L. Rachis of the racemes very broad, twice the width of the spikelets, or nearly so, which are partially concealed by its inrolled margins. 2 — . LL. P. membranaceum, Rachis of the racemes narrower than the spikelets, not inrolled on the margins. Racemes 2, approximately in a pair at the summit of the culm; root- stocks extensively creeping; culms not tufted. 2. P. distichum. Racemes 1 to several, alternate, culms tufted. Culms simple, no branches from the upper sheaths; racemes stout. Spikelets 3 mm. long or less. 3. P. laeve. Spikelets 4 mm. long or more. 4. P. glabratum. ME Culms branched, the upper sheath containing from 1-3 branches; racemes slender. Culm densely pilose below the racemes; lower sheaths usually glabrous or nearly so. 5. P. pubescens. Culm glabrous; lower sheaths generally hirsute. Spikelets 1-1.5 mm. long. 6. P. setacewm. Spikelets 2-2.25 mm. long. 7. P. Muhlenbergii. 1, PASPALUM MEMBRANACEUM Walt. M. p. 73.. Low-or wet ground, Sum- mer. , : Gloucester—Mickleton (C.). Salem—Penn Grove (C.), Riddleton (Li.). Cape May—Cape May (C.). Aitlantic—Landisville (C.). New Castle—Col. Andrews. 2. PasPALUM DISTIcCHUM L. M. p. 73. Wet fields. Summer. Camden—Kaighn’s Point, I. Burk (Fu.). 3. PASPALUM LAEVE Michx. M. p. 73. Moist soil. Summer. 4, PASPALUM GLABRATUM (Engelm.) Mohr. M.p.73. Moist soil. Summer. Cape May—Cape May (Li.) (U. C. S.), Anglesea, Dr. J. B. Brinton (He.). 5. PASPALUM PUBESCENS Muhl. M. p. 74. In fields. Summer. _ Montgomery—Willow Grove (P.). Delaware—Tinicum, [Cr Creek (St.). Chester—W. Bradford Twp. (St.). BA rl fureh fea 6. PASPALUM SETACEUM Michx. M. p. 74. Dry fields. Summer. 7 7. PaspaLuM MUHLENBERG Nash. M. p. 75. Sandy or stony ground. Summer. Philadelphia—(P.). Bucks—Penn Valley (Fr.). Delaware—Tinicum (P.). Chester—(P.). Lancaster—(P.). Northampton—(P.). 7. AMPHICARPON Raf. 1. AMPHICARPON AMPHICARPON (Pursh.) Nash. M. p. 76. Moist pine bar- tens. Summer. 8. SYNTHERISMA Walt. Rachis of the racemes with the angles wingless; first scale of the spikelet wanting, or sometimes present as an inconspicuous rudiment. 3 1. 8. filiformis. GRAMINEAE, 33 Rachis of the racemes with the lateral angles broadly winged; first scale of the spikelet usually present. Pedicels terete or nearly so, sparingly if at all hispidulous. y 2, 8. humifuswm. Pedicels sharply 3-angled, the angles strongly hispidulous. 3. S. sanguinals. 1, SYNTHERISMA FILIFORME (L.) Nash. M. p. 76. Dry sandy soil. Sum- mer, 2. SYNTHERISMA HUMIFUSUM (Pers.) Rydb. Fields and waste places. Sum- mer.. Philadelphia—(P.). Bucks—(P.). Delaware—(P.). Chester—(P.): Lancaster—(P.). Northampton—(P.). 3. SYNTHERISMA SANGUINALIS (L.) Dulac. Crab-grass, Fall-grass. M. p. 77. Cultivated places, fields, roadsides, etc. Summer. 9. BRACHIARIA Ledeb. 1. BRacHIARIA pIGITARIOIDES (Carpenter) Nash. M. p. 77. In water. Summer. Cape May—Peermont (St.), Wildwood (VP.). 10. ECHINOCHLOA Beauv. Sheaths glabrous. 1. E. Crus-galli. Sheaths, at least the lower ones, densely papillose-hirsute. 2. HE. Walteri. 1, EcuHInocHLoa CRUS-GALLI (L.) Beauv. Barnyard-grass. M. p. 78. Cul- tivated and waste places. Summer. 2. ECHINOCHLOA WALTERI (Pursh.) Nash. M. p. 78. In marshes and ditches. Late summer. Philadelphia— Philadelphia (P.). New Jersey—Common. , 11. PANICUM L. Panic-GRrass. Spikelets roughened with numerous tubercles, glabrous. itie 9 ais 1, P. verrucosum. Spikelets not tuberculate, or if so, the tubercles bearing hairs. (A) Basal and culm leaves, similar, usually elongated; spikelets lanceo- late to ovate, commonly the former, acute to acuminate. Lower sheaths round, or but. little flattened,.not keeled. Culms branched, at least. at maturity; no scaly rootstocks nor stolons. Sheaths yery pubescent. Spikelets lanceolate, 3 mm. long or less. Annuals; pedicels not usually more than 2-3 times as long as the spikelets. , Culm stout; panicle usually included at the base, its many branches repeatedly divided and bearing numerous spikelets. ; : 2. P. capillare. . Culms slender; panicle exserted, its few branches but little divided, and bear- ing comparatively few spikelets. Spikelets 2 mm. long, acute. 3. P. Philadelphicum. 34 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Spikelets 3 mm. long, acuminate, 4. P. flexile. Spikelets ovate, 5 mm. long. 5. P. miliacewm. 5 Sheaths glabrous. 6. P. proliferum. Culms simple, from stout, often scaly rootstocks. Culms tufted; rootstocks sealy. 7. P. virgatum. Culms not tufted ; rootstocks not scaly; leaves glaucous and very: thick. 8. P. amarum. Lower sheaths much compressed, broad, keeled, often equitant, Fourth scale of spikelet sessile. Spikelets 3-3.5 mm. ‘long, the apex curved. 11. P. rostratum. Spikelets less than 3 mm. long, the apex not curved. Ligule naked; -culms finally much branched. 9. P. agrostoides. Ligule ciliate; 3 eulm: simple or meen 30. 10. P. longifolium. Fourth scale of ‘spikelet distinctly stalked. 12. P. stipitatum. (B) Basal and culm leaves dissimilar, the former generally much shorter and broader than the latter; rosulate tufts of leaves often pres- ent in the fall; spikelets oval to obovate or globose, obtuse, or rarely acutish (acute in No. 13). (1) Middle leaves of the main culm less than 1.5.cm. wide, usually less than 1 em. in width, the base rounded or truncate, rarely subcordate, sometimes narrowed toward the base. (a) Leaves elongated, erect, narrow, distinctly narrowed to- ward the base, especially the lower ones. Spikelets less than 3 mm. long, obtuse or acutish, pubes- cent. 14. P. HGHEAT OLED, Spikelets 3-4 mm. long, acute, glabrous. — .. 13. P. depauperatum. (b) Leaves not elongated, lanceolate, not manifestly narrowed toward the base. Culms, leaves and sheaths glabrous, or the latter two merely ciliate on the margins. Spikelets glabrous. Nodes of the culm naked. Leaves divaricate; culms erect, short, the later branches branched. 15. P. dichotomum. Leaves erect; culms accumbent, weak, finally elongated, and the later branches scat- tered.’ 16. P. lucidum. Nodes of the culm densely barbed. ‘ 17. P. barbulatum. Spikelets pubescent: Spikelets elliptic; leaves smooth above or nearly so, naked at the base. 18. P. boreale. Spikelets globose, or nearly so; leaves very rough above, thick ciliate at the base. 30. P. sphaerocarpon. Culms, sheaths, or leaves, or all of them, pubescent. Spikelets 2.5 mm. ‘or less long. Leaves glabrous, or if pubescent beneath, the hairs short and soft. Culms villous with short hairs, at least below. Leaves minutely villous beneath. 20. P. Columbianum. Leaves glabrous beneath. 33. P. Ashei. Culms not villous. GRAMINEAE. 35 Culms glabrous; spikelets about 1.25 mm. long. 19. P. nitidum. _ Calms at base densely pubescent, with : long, stiff, appressed hairs; spikelets 2-2.5 mm. "long. 27. P. Commonsianum. Leaves pubescent on both’ curtaces, especially be- neath, Hairs on the lower surface short, soft, and copious. Spikelets about 1.5'mm. long. Densely covered: with’ short: hairs on the upper surface. 25. P. lanuginosum. Densely covered with scattered long ‘hairs'on the upper surface. 23. P. Tenesseense. ‘Spikelets 2.5 mm, long. 26. P. scoparium. Hairs on the lower, as well as the upper, sur- face stiff and long, sometimes scat- tered. © Spikelets 1.5 mm. long. Culms slender; hairs on the upper surface of the leaves extremely long and copious. 21. P. implicatum. Culms rather stout; hairs on the upper surface of the leaves shorter. and more scattered, sometimes nearly wanting. : 128. Es, sietoketaes / Spikelets alittle more than 2 mm, long. : ‘ : cc 24. P. Atlanticum Spikelets more than 3 mm. long... , Panicle narrow, its branches appressed. 29, P. zanthophysum. Panicle open, a branches spreading. ' 28..P. Scribnerianum. (2) Middle leaves of fhe? main enim more than 1.5 em. wide, often 3 em. in width, the base cordate and clasping. Spikelets 2.5 mm. long or less. Leaves glabrous on both surfaces, ‘Spikelets about 1.5 mm. long; panicle oblong and dense; culms simple. 31. P. polyanthes.: Spikelets 2.5 mm. long; panicle ovoid and open; culms branched. Sheaths pubescent. Leaf-blades ciliate at the base; spikelets 3 mm.longormore. 37. P. clandestinum. Leaf- blades naked at the base; spikelets less than 3mm. long. 38. P. decoloratum. Sheaths glabrous. 32. P. commutatum. Leaves densely villous. 26. P. scopariwm. . Spikelets 3 mm. long or more. Nodes manifestly and copiously barbed; spikelets 4-5 mm, long. ieee surface of the leaf-blades paler, glabrous. 35. P. Porterianum. Lower surface of the leaf-blades pubescent, as are also ‘the sheaths and stems. 36. P. pubifolium, Nodes naked. ar ig 36 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Sheaths glabrous, or merely pubescent on the margins; panicle open, its branches spreading. 34, P. macrocarpon. Sheaths hispid; panicle contracted, its branches ap- pressed. 29. P. xanthophysum. 1 Panicum verRucosuM. M. p. 81. Moist soil. Summer. Bucks—Bristol (Fr.), Delaware—Darby, Tinicum, (Fu.) (B. Sm.). Camden—Clementon (Ja.), Haddonfield (VP.). Gloucester—Wood- bury (C.), Mickleton (He.), Tomlin (Ke.), Swedesboro (Li.). Cape May —Anglesea (U.C.S.). Atlantic—Landisville (C.). Ocean—Manchester (C.), Forked River (Ja.), (Wn.). Monmouth—Seabright (C.). New Castle—Thompsons, Farnhurst, ete. 2. PaNIcUM CAPILLARE L. Old-witch grass. M. p. 81. Dry soil. Summer. 3. PANICUM PHILADELPHICUM Bernh. M. p. 82. Dry woods and thickets. Summer. Philadelphia—(P.). Bucks—Nockamixon (P.), Sellersville (Fr.). Lan- caster—(P.). 4. PANICUM FLEXILE (Gattinger) Scribn. M. p. 82. Moist or dry soil. Autumn, Lancaster—Dillerville Swamp (P.). 5. Panicum mitiaceuM L. Millet. M. p. 82. Ballast and waste places. Summer. 6 PANICUM PROLIFERDM Lam. M. p. 82. Wet soil. Late summer. 7. PANICUM virGATUM L. M. p. 82. Moist or dry soil. Late summer. 8. Panicum amarum Ell. M. p. 838. Sea beaches. Autumn. 9. PANICUM AGROSTOIDES Spreng. M. p. 83. Moist soil. Summer, Bucks—Point Pleasant, Britton (Fr.). 10. Panicum LoNGiIFoLIuM Torr. M. p. 83. Moist soil. Summer. Montgomery—(P.). Northampton—(P.). 11. Payicum RostRatuM Muhl. M. p. 83. Moist soil. Summer. 12. PaNICUM STIPITATUM Nash. M. p. 83. Moist soil. Summer. Philadelphia—(P.). Northampton—(P.). 13. PANICUM DEPAUPERATUM Muhl, M. p. 83. Dry places. Summer. 14. PANICUM LINEARIFOLIUM Scribn. M. p. 83. Dry soil. Summer. Bucks—Perkasie (Fr.), Nockamixon (Pr.). Delaware—(P.). Berks— (P.). Northampton—(P.). 15. Panicum picHoromum L. M. p. 84. In woodlands and thickets. Early summer. i 16. Panicum Lucipum Ashe. M. p. 85. Sphagnum bogs. Summer, Montgomery—Fraser’s Bog, Willow Grove (VP.). Camden—Grenloch (He.). 17. PANICUM BARBULATUM Michx. M. p. 85. Moist soil. Summer. Philadelphia—Germantown (St.). Bucks—Tullytown (Fr.). Delaware —Tinicum (St.) (VP.), Crum Creek (St.). ' Chester—Coatesville, West Chester (St.). Lancaster—(P.). Northampton—(P.). Camden—Grenloch (He.), Clementon (VP.). Gloucester—Swedesboro : (Li.). Cape May—Wildwood (He.) (Ja.). GRAMINEAE. 37 18, PANICUM BOREALE Nash. M. p. 85. Moist soil. Summer. Northampton— (P.). ; 19. Panicum niripum Lam. M. p. 85. Dry sandy soil. Summer. 20. PANIcUM COLUMBIANUM Scribn. M. p. 86. Fields and open woods. Summer. Loris Burlington—E. Plains (St.). Gloucester—Mickleton (He.). Cape May * — Wildwood (He.), Cape May (St.). 21. PAaNICcUM IMPLICATUM Scribn. M. p. 86. Dry soil. Summer. , Northampton—(P. ). 22, PANICUM UNCIPHYLLUM Trin, M, p. 86. Dry soil. Summer, 23. Panicum TENNESsEENSE Ashe. M. p. 1040. In woods. cg Lancaster—(P.). . Northampton—(P.). 24, Panicum ATLANTICUM Nash.. M. p. 86. Dry soil. Summer. i Northampton—(P.).° 25. PANICUM LANUGINOSUM -Ell.. M. ,p. 86.. Dry sandy soil. Summer. Bucks—Rock Hill (Fr.). : 26. PANICUM scoPpARIUM Lam. M. p. 87. Moist soil. Summer. Delaware—Tinicum (Fu.) (B. Sm.). : Camden—Kaighn’s Point, Mart. (B. C.). Gloucester—Mickleton, Cen- ter Square (He.), Swedesboro: (Li.). Cape May—Dennisville (C.), Cape May, Wildwood (He.), Anglesea (Ke.). Atlantic—Egg Harbor (Sts.). New Castle—Townsend, Canby. ok eek er BOF poe 27. Panicum Commonstanum Ashe. M. p. 87. Dry sandy ridges along the coast. Summer. nes Burlington—B. Plains (St.). Cape May—Cape May (St.). 28. PanicuM ScRIBNERIANUM Nash. M. p. 87. Dry or moist soil. Summer. Philadelphia — Germantown (St.). Bucks — Soliday’s Island (Fr.). Delaware—Glen Riddle (St.). Chester—West Chester (St.). Lancaster —Safe Harbor (P.). Northampton—Easton (P.). . New Jersey—Middle and southern counties frequent (C.). Hunterdon —Carpentersville, Holland Station, Rosemont (C.). : 29, PaNICUM XANTHOPHYSUM A. Gray. M. Bs 87. Dry soil. Summer. Bucks— ese (P.). 30. PaNICcUM SPHAEROCARPON Ell. M. p. 88. Dry soil. Summer. Philadelphia— Wissahickon (VP.), Germantown (St.). Bucks—Tully- town, Bristol, Rock Hill (Fr.). Montgomery— Willow Grove (St.). Dela- ware—Crum Creek (St.). Chester—Coatesville (St.). Northampton— Easton, Porter (He.). - - Camden — Ancora (He.). Cape May — Cape May, Wildwood (He.). Hunterdon—Rosemont (C.). : 31. PANICUM POLYANTHES Schult. M. p. 88. Woods and along thickets. Summer. _. / ; Philadelphia— “Wissahickon (VP.). Bucks—Tullytown. (Fr.). Dela- ware—Tinicum (B. Sm.). _ Chester—(P.). “ Laneaster—Tuequan Island (P.). 38 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. - 82. Panicum comMuTatuM Schultes. M. p. 88. Dry woods and thickets. Summer. Bucks—Rock Hill (Fr.). Delaware—Marple (B. Sm.). Lancaster— (P.). Northampton—FEaston, Porter (B. C.). 33. Panicum ASHEI G. Pearson. M. p. 88. Dry woods. Summer. Lancaster—(P.). 34. PANICUM MACROCARPON LeConte. M. p. 88. Usually on dry hillsides. Summer. ae Philadelphia—Byberry, Mart. (B. C.), Germantown (St.). Bucks— Rock Hill (P.). Delaware —(P.). Chester — Locksley, West Chester (St.). Northampton—(P.). me Gloucester —Mickleton (He.). 35. PanicuM PorTERIANUM Nash. M. p. 88. Woods. Summer. 36. PANICUM PUBIFOLIUM Nash. M. p. 1041. Rocky woods. Summer. Bucks—Durham, Ruth (Fr.). Lancaster—(P.). Northampton—(P.). 37. PANICUM CLANDESTINUM L.. M. p. 88. In thickets. Early summer. 38. PANICUM DECOLORATUM Nash. M. p. 1051, 2d edition. Sandy soil. Spring. Bucks—Tullytown (P.). 12. CHAETOCHLOA Scribn. Fox-TamL Grass. Bristles downwardly barbed. 1. C. verticillata. Bristles upwardly barbed. Spike-like inflorescence racemose; second scale much shorter than the spikelet. . 2. C. glauca, Spike-like inflorescence paniculate, sometimes nearly racemose in some forms of No. 3; second scale as long as the spikelet or nearly so. Flowering scales dull, faintly rugose, obtuse, rather thin in fruit. Inflorescence 2.5-8.5 em. long, 1.25 em. or less thick; spikelets about 2 mm. long; bristles green. 3. C. viridis. Inflorescence 1-2 dm. long, 1.25-5 em. thick; spikelets about 3 mm. long; bristles usually purple. 4, C. Italica. Flowering scales shining, perfectly smooth, very acute, hard in fruit. ; 5. C. magna. 1, CHAETOCHLOA VERTICILLATA (L.) Scribn. M. p. 89. Near dwellings and waste places. Summer. ’ Philadelphia—Bybetry, Mart. (B. C.), Manayunk (VP.), City streets (W. Tr.). Bucks—(P.). Chester—(P.). Lancaster—(P.). Northamp- ton—Easton, Porter (B. C.). Camden — Camden (Li.). Gloucester — Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). Hunterdon—Rosemont (C.). New Castle—Common. 2, CHAETOCHLOA GLAUCA (L.). Seribn. Pigeon-grass. M. p. 89. In stub- ble. Summer. 3, CHAETOCHLOA virIDIS (L.) Beauv. M. p. 90. Cultivated grounds. Sum- mer. 4. CHAETOCHLOA ITatica (L.) Seribn. Millet. M. p. 9U. Escaped from cultivation, Summer. 5. CHAETOCHLOA MAGNA (Griseb.) Scribn. M. p. 90. Swamps. Summer. Cape May—Cape May (St.). GRAMINEAE, 39 ss # 13. CENCHRUS L. HepctHoe or BurR-GRASS. ’ Involucres less than 5 mm. broad. “1. Ce tribuloides. Involucres more than 5 mm. broad. 2. C. macrocephalus. 1, CENCHRUS TRIBULOIDES L.. M. p. 90. Sandy shores’ and waste places. Summer. Philadelphia—(P.). Bucks—Near Delaware River (Fr.). . Delaware— Swarthmore (Pr.), Concord (W. Tr.), Tinicum (B. Sm.). ‘ Chester—(P.). Lancaster—(P.) Lehigh—Allentown (Kr.). orthampton— (P. ). Dau- phin—(P.), New Jersey—Common. New Castle—New Castle and Collins, common. 2, CENCHRUS MACROCEPHALUS (Doell.) Seribn. M. p. 1042. Along the sea- shore. Summer. Cape May—Stone Harbor ‘(St.). 14, ZIZANIA L. 1, Zizanta aquatica L, Wild Rice, Reed, Indian Rice. M. p..91. Swamps. Summer. ‘15. HOMALOCGENCHRUS Mieg. Spikelets 2.5-3 mm. long; panicle branches usually rigid. 1. H. Virginicus. Spikelets 4-5 mm. long; panicle branches generally lax. 2. H. orygoides. 1. HoMALOCENCHRUS ViRGINICUS (Willd.) Britton. White Grass. M. p. 91. Wet woods.or swamps. Summer. Philadelphia—Byberry, Mart. (B..C.), Wissahickon (VP.). Bucks— Sellersville (Fr.). Delaware—Media (B. Sm.), Concord (W.-Tr.). Ches- ter—(P.). Lancaster—(P.). Northampton—Easton, Porter (B. C.). Camden—Merchantville (Sts.). Gloucester—Mickleton (He.), Swedes- boro (Li.). Salem—Woodstown (Te.). Hunterdon—Clinton (Te.). New Castle—Common. 2. HoMALOCENCHRUS ORYZOIDES (L.) Poll. Rice Cut-grass. M.p.91. Very wet places. Summer. 16. PHALARIS L. Outer scales not winged. 1. P. arundinacea. Outer scales broadly winged. 2. P. Canariensis. 1. PHALARIS ARUNDINACEA L. Reed Canary-grass. M. p. 92. Wet grounds. Summer, 2. PHALARIS CANARIENSIS L. Canary-grass. M. p. 92. Waste places. Summer. 17, ANTHOXANTHUM L. 1, ANTHOXANTHUM OpORATUM L. Sweet Vernal Grass. M. p. 92. Mendows and pastures. Early summer. 18. SAVASTANA L. 1. SavasTana oporaTa (L.) Scribn. Holy-grass. M. p. 93. Moist mead- ows near the coast. Summer. ; 40 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Salem—Salem. Cape May—Anglesea (He.). Ocean—Point Pleasant (He.). Monmouth—Squan Village, Seabright (C.). 19. ARISTIDA L. TRIPLE-AWNED GRASS. Awns not articulated to the scale. Central awn coiled at the base. 1. A. dichotoma. Central awn not coiled at the base. * Spikelets exceeding 2 cm. long; first scale 5-7 nerved. 2. A. oligantha. Spikelets less than 1.5 cm. long; first scale 1-3 nerved. Sheaths glabrous, or pubescent only at the apex. First scale generally shorter than or equalling the second. 3. A. gracilis. First scale usually exceeding the second. . 4 A, purpurascens. Sheaths, at least the lower ones, densely woolly. 5. A. lanosa. Awns articulated to the scale, united at the base into a spiral column. 6. A. tuberculosa. 1, ARISTIDA DICHOTOMA Michx. Poverty Grass. M. p. 94. Dry sandy soil. Late summer. 2, ARISTIDA OLIGANTHA Michx. M. p. 95. Dry soil. Late summer. Philadelphia—(P.). Delaware—Fawkes’ Run (8t.). Camden—Clementon (VP.). 3. ARISTIDA GRACILIS Ell. M. p. 95. Dry soil. Late summer. 4, ARISTIDA PURPURASCENS Poir. M. p. 95. Dry soil. Autumn. 5, ARISTIDA LANOSA Muhl. M. p. 96. Dry sandy soil, Late summer. Burlington—Medford (St.). 6. ARISTIDA TUBERCULOSA Nutt. M. p. 96. Sandy soil. Autumn. Monmouth—Sandy Hook, Keyport, Middletown (C.). New Castle—New Castle Cut-off; Shelpot Creek, Commons and Tatnall. 20. STIPA L. 1. Stipa aveNAcEA L. Black-oat Grass. M. p. 97. Dry woods. Summer. Philadelphia—Byberry, Mart. (B. C.), Wissahickon (VP.). Delaware —Tinicum (Fu.), near Media (B. Sm.), Crum Creek (St.). Chester— Oxford (¢Ca.). New Jersey—Common. New Castle—Brandywine, Tatnall; Faulkland and Mount Cuba, Com- mons. o 21, ORYZOPSIS Michx. 1. ORYZOPSIS MELANOCARPA Muhl. Mountain Rice. M. p. 98. Rocky woods. Summer. Philadelphia—Wissahickon, C. E. Smith (Fu.). Bucks—Rock Hill (Fr.). Montgomery—Sumneytown (VP.). Delaware—Mount Misery, Lenni, L. L. Smith (B. Sm.). Berks—Below Reading, Mart. (B. C.). Lancaster—(P.). Northampton—Easton, Porter (B. C.). Hunterdon—Rosemont (C.). : New Castle—Will’s Rock, Mount Cuba, Commons. . GRAMINEAE. 41 22. MUHLENBERGIA Schreb. Panicle contracted, narrow, spike-like, the short branches rarely spreading. Flowering scale not awned, but sometimes awn-pointed. Outer scales not awned, about half as long as the flowering scale, acute. 1. M. sobolifera. Outer scales long-acuminate, awn-pointed or awned. Outer scales about equal in length to the flowering scale, sharp- pointed, about 3 mm. long. 2. M. Mexicana. Outer scales exceeding the flowering scale, generally twice its length, awned, about 5 mm. long. , 3.. M. racemosa. Flowering scale long-awned ; awn usually twice the length of the scale, sometimes shorter. Outer scales about equalling the flowering scale. 4. M. sylvatica. Outer scales one-half to: two-thirds as long as the flowering scale. 5. M. tenuiflora, Outer scales less than one- third the length of the flowering scale, 6. M. diffusa. Panicle open, its branches long and spreading, 7. M. capillaris. 1, MUHLENBERGIA SOBOLIFERA (Muhl.) Trin. M.p.99. Rocky woods. Late summer. Philadelphia—Byberry, Mart. (Be OS, Wissahickon (VP.). Bucks— Sellersville (Fr.). Montgomery — Lafayette, Schuylkill Valley (VP.). Delaware—(P.). Chester—(P.). Lancaster—(P.). Northampton— Easton, Porter (B. C.). m4 Hunterdon—Milford (C.)., ‘New Castle—Brandywine, etc. Frequent. 2, MUHLENBERGIA Mexicana (L.) Trin. M. p. 99. Low ground. Late summer. ser od 3. MUHLENBERGIA RACEMOSA (Michx.) B. 8. P. M. p. 99. Bogs and wet rocks. Late summer. | ae ‘ Bh Bucks—Durham, Ruth (Fr.). Chester—(P.). Lancaster—(P.). 4, MUHLENBERGIA SYLVATICA Torr. M. p. 100. Low or rocky woods. Late summer. Philadelphia—(P.). | Bucks—Sellersville (Fr.). ‘Tie Cane (W.Tr.). Chester—(P.). Lancaster—(P.). Lehigh—Salsburg (Kr.). Northampton— (P.). : Gloucester —Swedesboro (Li.). Hunterdon—Clinton (Te.). New Castle—Frequent. _ 5. MUHLENBERGIA TENUIFLORA (Willd.) B.S. P.. M. p. 100. Rocky aie Late summer. : Philadelphia— Wissahickon (He.). Buches Hayeosk (Fr.). Delaware '‘ _Hey’s Dam, Springfield, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.), Concord (W. Tr.), Lewis Mill, Crum Creek (VP.). Chester—(P.).. Lancaster—York Fur- nace (He.). Northampton—Easton, Porter ve C.). New Castle— Frequent. 6. MUHLENBERGIA DIFFUSA Willd. Drop-seed, Nimble Will. M. p. 100. Dry hills and woods. Late summer. 7. MUHLENBERGIA CAPH|LARIS (Lam.) Trin. sie M. p. 100. Dry sandy soil. Autumn. Lancaster—Gap (P.). _ : ae \ 49 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Gloucester— Woodbury (C.). Atlantic—Hammonton (C.). New Castle—Col. Andrews, frequent. a : 23. ‘BRACHYELYTRUM Beauv. | 1. BRACHYELYTRUM ERECTUM - (Sebreb.) Eaeny: M. p..101. ‘Moist places. Summer. 24. eeimecaies Host. 1. HELEOcHLOA SCHOENOIDES (L.) Host. Rush Cat-tail Grass. M. p. 102. Waste places. Summer. , Philadelphia—2 miles, west of Chestnut Hill, (VP. .). Bucks—Bensalem, Mart. (Fr.). Delaware—Haverford, near Friends’ Meeting-house, Dr. Geo. Smith (Pu). Lancaster —Columbia and Lancaster (P.). Camden—Ballast (He.) (Te.). | Mercer—Trenton (C:). New Castle—St. Georges (Pr.), Bush’s Wharf, Tatnall; Odessa, New Castle, Newark, Commons; Christiana Ave. 25. PHLEUM L. 1. PutEuM SEeaNEE Th _ ‘Timothy. M. p. 102. Fields and meadows. Summer. 26. ALOPECURUS L. Fox-Tar. Outer scales of the spikelet mane. eet one- ae their length, smooth to hispid on the keel. 1. .A. agrestis. Outer scales. of the spikelet united ‘tor one-quarter their length or less, long- ciliate on the keel. ‘Seales 2,-2.5 mm. in length. 2. A. geniculatus. Scales 4-6 mm. in length. .. 3. A. pratensis. 1, ALOPECURUS AGRESTIS L. M. p. 103. Ballast. Summer. ‘Philadelphia—Ballast (P.). Camden—Ballast. . es ; *® : ' 2. ALOPECURUS GENICULATUS L. M. p. 103. Moist meadows. Summer. Philadelphia—Below Old Navy Yard, 92d Street Station Ken Dela- ware—Tinicum, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.). Camden—Petty’s Island, Camden (C.). Gloucester—Swedesboro (Li.). New Castle—Cherry Island near Edgemoor, Commons; Bush’s, Tatnall. 3. ALOPECURUS PRATENSIS L. M. p. 103. Meadows. Summer. Philadelphia— Philadelphia, Mart. (B. C.). New Castle—Wawaset Nurseries. 27. SPOROBOLUS R. Br.’ Drop-szzp, RUSH-GRASS. Panicle contracted, spike-like. Spikelets more than 3.5 mm. in length. Panicle terminal; upper sheaths 7.5 cm. long or more. ; Flowering scale appressed-pubescent below, with long hairs. 1. S. asper. Flowering scale glabrous. .. i 2. 8. longifolius. - Panicles terminal and lateral; sheaths 3.75 em. long or less. : 3.8. vaginaeflorus. Spikelets 3 mm. long or less. 4. 8. Indicus. Panicle open, its branches more or less spreading, at least at, maturity. First seale one-half as long as the second or less. 5. S. heterolepis. GRAMINEAE. 43 ‘First scale about equalling the second. » Perennials; culms from long rootstocks. 6. 8. Torreyanus. Annuals; roots BRON, a rootatocks, ‘ 7. S. serotinus. 1. SPoRoBOLUS. ASPER (Michx.) Kunth. M. P. 104, In ary soil. Autumn. Lancaster—(P.). ' BO PRRs © aeS By tt 2. SPOROBOLUS LONGIFroLius (Torr.) Wood. M..p. 105. In dry soil. Late summer. ‘ Bucks—Nockamixon (P.). Montgomery— (P. ) Lancaster— (P.). Northampton (P.). Dauphin—(P.). oe hai 3. SPOROBOLUS VAGINAEFLORUS (Torr) | Woot, M. p. 105. In dry soil. Summer. ; , : 4, SPOROBOLUS INDICUS (L.) R. Br. .M. Pp. 106. Ballast. ‘Summer. Philadelphiqa—Navy Yard. Caimden—Petty’s Island, I. Burk (Fu.). 5. SPOROBOLUS HETEROLEPIS A. Gray. M. p. 106. Dry soil, Summer. ' Lancaster—Pleasant Grove (Ca.), New Texas (P.). 6. SPOoROBOLUS TORREYANUS (BR & 8.) Nash. M. p. 107. Pine barrens. ‘Autumn, | NS 7. SPOROBOLUS SEROTINUS (Torr.) A. Gray. M. p. 107. Sandy wet places in pine barrens. Autumn. i 28. POLYPOGON Desf. 1. Potypocon MonsPeuiensis (L.) Desf. 'Beard-grass. M. p: 108. Bal- last.. Summer. ; Philadelphia—Girard Point, I. Burk (He.). Bucks—(P.). 29. CINNA L. Woop Rrzp Grass. Panicle narrow at maturity, its filiform branches erect or drooping; spikelets 4-5 mm, long; first scale much shorter than the second. 1. C. arundinacea. Panicle open, its capillary branches flexuous and drooping; spikelets 3 mm. long; first scale about equalling the, second. _ 2, C. latifolia. 1. Cinna arunpinacea L. M. p. 108. Moist woods and shaded ee Summer. 7 Pennsylvania—General. 8 Sy ie Camden—Camden (C.). Gloucester—Mickleton (C.). 2, Cinna LaTIroLia (Trev.) Griseb. M. Pp. 108. Damp woods. Late sum- mer. : ge | BES . EOE OEY ‘A, A. Heller (He), 30. AGROSTIB | L. Palet conspicuous, at, least one-third as long as the scale, 1. A. alba. Palet inconspicuous, ‘minute or wanting. , Third scale awned. 2. A. canina, ° Third scale not awned, or very rarely bearing a short awn. Culms weak, usually decumbent and often. prostrate at base; leaves lax; spikelets 1.5 mm. long. _ 3. A. perennans. Culms and leaves erect. © ¥ 3 ne 44 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Branches of the panicle capillary, elongated, usually dividing above the middle, the spikelets crowded at the extrem- ities. eR, Spikelets 1.5-2 mm. long; leaves short. . t 4, A, hyemalis. Spikelets 2.5-3 mm. long; leaves elongated. 5. A. altissima. Branches of the panicle not elongated, dividing at or below the middle. 6. A. Scribneriana. 1, Acrostis arpa L. Fiorin. Red-top, Herd-grass. M. Dp. 109. Meadows and fields. Summer. 2. AGROSTIS CANINA L. Bent-grass. M. p. 110. Meadows. Summer. Philadelphia—Ballast, Mart. (B. C.). Northampton—Pot Rock, Eas- ton, Porter (B. C.). Dauphin—(P.). 3. AGROSTIS PERENNANS (Walt.) Tuckerm. Thin-grass. M.p.110. Damp, shaded places. Summer. 4, AGROSTIS HYEMALIS (Walt.) B.S. P. Hair-grass. M. p. 110. Dry or moist places. Summer. 5. AGROSTIS ALTISSIMA (Walt.) Tuckerm. Bent-grass. M. p. 111. Swamps. Late summer. Montgomery—(P.). . Burlington—Atsion (C.). Camden—Atco (C.). Atlantic—Atlantic City, C. A. Boice (B. C.), Egg Harbor, Landisville, Hammonton (C.). Ocean—Forked River (Li.). | , New Castle—McCrones (Farnhursj), Commons. 6. AGROSTIS SCRIBNERIANA Nash. M. p. 11]. In dry soil. Autumn. Lancaster—(P.). -Northampton—(P.). 31. CALAMAGROSTIS Adans. Prolongation of the rachilla hairy its whole length. ‘1. C. Canadensis. Prolongation of the rachilla hairy only at the summit. 2. C. cinnoides. 1. CALAMAGROSTIS CANADENSIS (Michx.) Beauv. Blue Joint-grass. M. p. 112. Wet grounds. Summer. Montgomery — Fraser’s Bog (VP.). Bucks — Durham, Ruth (Fr). Delaware—Rhoads Swamp (Fu.), Tinicum (VP.), Concord (W. Tr.). Lancaster—(P.). Lehigh—Coplay (Kr.). Northampton—Easton, Porter (B.C.). Dauphin—(P.). Gloucester—Near Mickelton (He.), Tomlin (Ja.). Atlantic—Egg Har- bor (Sts.). Monmouth—Squan and Shark Rivers (C.). New Castle—Eli Crossons, near Bear Station. 2. CALAMAGROSTIS CINNOIDES (Muhl.) Scribn. Reed-grass. M. p. 113. Moist ground. Summer. Bucks—Durham, Ruth (Fr.). Montgomery—Fraser’s Bog, Willow Grove (VP.). Delaware—Tinicum, A. H. Smith (Fu.). Chester—(P.). Lancaster—(P.). Dauphin—(P.). Camden—Lindenwold (VP.). Gloucester—Mickleton (He.), Tomlin (Ke.), Swedesboro (Li.). New Castle—Brandywine, ete. Scarce. - GRAMINEAE, 45 32. AMMOPHILA Host. 1. AMMOPHIUA ARENARIA (L.) Link. Sea Sand-reed. M. p. 114. Sandy beaches. Summer. 33. CALAMOVILFA Hack. 1. CALAMOVILFA BREVIPILIS (Torr.) Hack. Reed-grass. M. p. 114. Sandy swamps in pine barrens. Late summer. 34, APERA Adans., 1. AperA Spica-VENTI (L.) Beauv. M. p. 115. Ballast. Summer. , Philadelphia—Girard Point, I. Burk (He.). Camden—Kaighn’s Point, I. Burk (Fu.). 35. HOLCUS L. 1. Hotcus tanatus L. Meadow Soft-grass, Velvet-grass. M. p. 115. Fields, meadows and waste places. Summer. 36. AIRA L. Harr-arass. Panicle open; flowering scales about 2 mm. long; plaints 10-25 em, tall. 1. A. caryophyllea. Panicle contracted; flowering scales 3 mm. long; plants 5-8 ems tall. 2. A. praecog. 1. Aina CaRYOPHYLLEA L. M. p. 115. Fields and’ waste places. Early summer. ea a> Philadelphia—Girard Point ,(Te.). Salem—Salem (C.). New Castle—Townsend and State Road, Canby; Deakynes, Commons. 2, Aira PRAECOX L. M. p. 116. Dry fields. Early summer. Lehigh—Salsburg (Kr.). Northampton—Bethlehem (P.). Burlington—Medford (St.). Camden—Camden, Mart. (B. C.), Glouces- ter (C.). Gloucester — Mullica Hill, Berkley (C.), Mickleton, Timber Creek (He.). Cape May—Cape May (C.), Wildwood (He.), Anglesea (Li.). Atlantic—Somers Point (C.). AIRA CANESCENS L. Ballast. Philadelphia—Greenwich Point (Te.). Arra coarctaTa Ehrh. Ballast. Camden—Kaighn’s Point (He.). 37. DESCHAMPSIA Beauv. HaiR-GRass. Flowering scales about 2.5 mm. long, erose-truncate; leaves flat. 1. D. caespitosa. Flowering scales about 4 mm. long, acute or obtuse; leaves involute. 2. D. fleauosa. ‘ 1, DESCHAMPSIA CAESPITOSA (L.) Beauv. M. p. 116. In wet soil. Summer. -Bucks~—Durham, Ruth (Fr.). Chester—(P.). Lancaster—(P.). 2. DescHampsia FLExuosA.(L.) Trin. M.p.116. In dry places. Summer. 38. TRISETUM Pers. 1, TRISETUM PENNSYLVANICUM (L.) Beauv. False Oat. M. p. 117. Low grounds. Early summer. 46 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Bucks—Hoot’s Dam (Fr.). Delaware—Media (B. Sm.). Chester— » (P.). Lancaster—(P.). Northampton—(P.). Dauphin—(P.). : Camden—Lindenwold (VP.). G@loucester— Mickleton (He. ), Swedes- boro (Li.). New Castle—Low meadows, frequent... 39. AVENA L. 1, Avena ratua L. Wild Oat. M. p. 118. Ballast. Summer. Camden—Camden, I. Burk (He.). 40, ARRHENATHERUM. Beauv. :' : 1, ARRHENATHERUM ELATIUS (L.) Beauv. Oat-grass. M. p: 118. Fields and waste places. Summer. RE St he Philadelphia — Byberry, Mart. 1B C.), West Park, below Woodside (VP.). Bucks—Langhorne!(VP.).' iy ini aia Lane WWE: . Chester—Thorndale (St.).. Lehigh—Coplay (Kr.).: Camden—Sicklerville (Ke.). Gloucester—Mulliea Hill (He.), 5 Bees boro (Li.). Monmouth—Shark River (C.). New Castle—Fields and meadows, frequent. 41, DANTHONIA DC. Witp Oar-crass. Empty scales 1,25 em. long or'less;’ sheaths glabrous or sometimes sparingly pubescent at the base. Teeth of the flowering scale about 1 mm. long, acute; culm leaves short; panicle contracted. nT D. spicata. Teeth of the flowering scale 2-3 mm. lene anmteds culm leaves elon- gated; panicle usually open. _ 2. D. ‘compressa. Empty scales more than 1.25 cm. dongs jeat ahisathe, gall, . : 3. dD. sericea. J. DanTHoNIa spicata (L.) eat Sie 119. . Sy or: nee soil. Sum- mer. A 2. DANTHONIA -COMPRESSA Austin. M. p. 119. Woods. ‘Summer. Berks—Hamburg (He.) (Ke.).: ‘Gloucester —Swedesboro . (Li.). . > 3. DANTHONIA SERICEA Nutt. M. p. 119. Dry sandy soil: Summer. | Burlington—Speedwell (St.),’ Brown Mills (Te.). | Camden—Spring Garden (C.), Lindenwold, Cedar Brook’ (VP.). Gloucester—Williams- town (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). Cape May—Batsto (He.). Atlantic— Egg Harbor, Dr. Geo. Smith: (Fu.), Hammonton (Te.). Ocean—Man- chester (C.), Forked River (Mac.). Monmouth—-Ocean Beach (C.). 42, CAPRIOLA Adans,’ 1. CapRIOLa DAcTYLON (L.) Kuntze. Bermuda or maa -grass. M. p. 119. Fields and waste places. Summer. Philadelphia—Navy Yard, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.), streets (Ha.).' Bucks —Bristol (P.). Delaware—Marcus Hook (P.). Northam pton—Rethle- hem (P.). Camden—Camden (He.). Gloucester —Mantua (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). Salem—Shores of Delaware (C.). New Castle—New Castle, Wilmington, Commons. GRAMINEAE, 47 43. SPARTINA. Schreb, , First scale awn-pointed, equalling the third; second ot long -awned. 1. S. cynosuroides. First scale acute, shorter than the third. First scale strongly scabrous-hispid on the keel. Leaves 1.25 em, wide or'more, flat. , -. . 2 S. polystachya, Leaves 6 mm. wide or less. 3. 8. pars. First Beelp autooth, on’ us: Kee or occasionally slightly scabrous. 4, 8. stricta. 1. SPARTINA CYNOSUROIDES (L.) Willd. ‘Freshwater Cord-grass. M. p. 120. Banks of rivers. Summer. ; Philadelphia—(P.). Bucks— Durham, Ruth (wr. ). Chester—(P.). Lancaster—(P.). Dauphin=(P.). ° “New Jersey—Common. ., i : fe. Sard New Castle—Belleview, Tatnall aati Commons. 4 2. SPARTINA POLYSTACHYA (Michx.) Ell. ; Salt Reed-grass. M.p.120. Salt or brackish water. Summer. vows - ‘ 3. SPARTINA PATENS (Ait.) Muhl. Salt Meadow-grass. | M, p. 120. - Salt marshes and sea-beaches. ace 2 Philadelphia—Ballast (P.). New Jersey—Common.' ris -1 New. Castle—Collins’ Beach, rare. . =!) oe tat 4. SPARTINA sTRIcTA (Ait.) Roth. Salt ienaheanases M. p. 121. Salt marshes. Summer. ‘i 4¢., SPARTINA STRICTA ALTERNIFLORA (Lois), AL Gray. M. p. 121. Salt, marshes. Summer.” vee Ne Salem—Banks. of Delaware (C.). Cape May—Cape May «C. ). Atlan- tic— Atlantic City (He. ‘s nhl eee eee Park (C. da. ate DT ALGAE 48 “44, GYMNOPOGON Beauv. Spikes bearing epuksiets their ‘whole length; awn longer than flowering scale. 1. G. ambiguus. : Spikes bearing’ ‘spikelets above the middle; awn shorter than flowering scale. kG brevifolius. 1, GyYMNOPOGON AMBIGUUS (Michx.) B.S. P. M. Pp. “122, Dry sandy soil. Late summer. Camden — Griffith’s Swamp (C.), Berlin (St.), Lindenwold (VP.). Gloucester — Clarkshoro (C.), near Mickleton _(He,), Tomlin (Ke.), Swedesboro (TAs. Atlantic—Hammonton (C.). ens . GYMNOPOGON BREVIFOLIUS Trin. M. p. 122. Dry soil. Late summer. _ Gloucester —Near Mickletoh (He. » , near Swedesboro (Li.). t 45. ATHEROPOGON Muhl. 1. ATHEROPOGON CURTIPENDULA (Michx.) Fourn. _Muskit-grass. ’M. p. 123, “ ° Dry soil. Summer. ee Chester—Serpentine, C. E. Smith (Fu.), near West Chester (Pr.). Lan- caster—(P.). Northampton—(P.). Gloucester—Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). 48 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA, 46, ELEUSINE Gaertn. 1, ELevsine Inpica (L.) Gaertn. Wire-grass, Crab-grass. M. p. 124. Fields and waste places. Summer. 47. DACTYLOCTENIUM Willd. 1, Dacrynoctenium Eeyrtium (L.) Willd. Crab-grass, Yard-grass. M. p. 123. Cultivated grounds and waste places. Late summer. ek Philadelphia—Philadelphia Salt Works, I. Burk, (He.). Delaware— . Avondale, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.). 48. PHRAGMITES L. 1, PHRAGMITES PHRAGMITES (L.) Karst. Reed. M. p. 126. Wet widen Autumn. Philadelphia—Point Breeze (P.). Delaware—Crum Creek, Dr. Geo. Smith (B.Sm.). Chester—(P.). New Jersey—Frequent. New Castle—Frequent. 49, TRICUSPIS Beauv. 1. TRICUSPIS SESLERIOIDES (Michx.) Torr. Tall Red-top. M.p.127. Fields. Summer. 50. TRIPLASIS Beauv. 1. TRIPLASIS PURPUREA (Walt.) Chapm. Sand:grass. M. p. 127. 1n sand. Late summer. an . Delaware—Tinicum (Fu.), Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.). New Jersey—Sea beaches and sands of the yellow drift (C.). New Castle—Collins, New Castle, Port Penn, Commons. 51. DIPLACHNE Beauv. 1, DIPLACHNE FASCICULARIS (Lam.) Beauv. M. p. 128. Brackish meadows. Summer. New Jersey—Common. New Castle—Port Penn, Commons. 52. ERAGROSTIS Beauv. Culms often decumbent at the base and generally | branched, 4-5 dm. tall or less; usually annuals. Spikelets 2-5-flowered, 2-3 mm, long. Culms branched only at the very base; pedicels and branches of ‘the panicle long and capillary. 1. E. capillaris. Culms branched above the base; pedicels and branches of the pan- iele short. 2. EB. Frankii. Spikelets 5-many-flowered, 3-16 mm. long. Spikelets 1.5 mm. wide or less. Flowering scales thin, usually bright purplish, the lateral nerves faint or manning) spikelets about 1 mm. wide. 3. E. pilosa. Flowering scales firm, usually dull purple or green, the lateral nerves very prominent ; spikelets about 1.5 mm. wide. 4. HE. Purshii. GRAMINEAE. 49 Spikelets 2 mm. wide or more. Lower flowering scales about 1.5 mm. ‘long; spikelets 2 mm. wide. 5. H#. Eragrostis. Lower ‘flowering scales 2-2.5 mm. long; spikelets 2.5-3 mm. wide. 6. E. major. Culms erect or ascending, simple, rigid, 3-7.5 dm. tall; perennial, 7. EB. péctinacea. Culms extensively creeping; flowers dicecious. ‘8. EL ‘hypnoides. 1. ERacRosTIs CAPILLaRIS (L.) Nees. M. p. 130. Dry places. Late summer. Philadelphia — Chestnut Hill (VP.). Bucks — Durham, Ruth (Fr.). Delaware—(P. ). Chester — (P. ). Lancaster—(P.). Northampton— Easton, Porter (B. C.). Gloucester—Swedesboro (Li.). Hunterdon—Rosemont (C.).. New Castle—Frequent. o - : 2, ERacRostis Franxi Steud. M. p. 130. Moist ‘places. Autumn. Bucks—Durham, Ruth (Fr.). Chester—W. Bradford (St.). Lancaster —York Furnace (Ke.). Northampton—Easton (Ca.). 3. ERaGkosTIS PILOsA (L.) Beauv. M. p. 130. Sandy waste places. Late summer. _ , Philadelphia—Byberry, Mart. (B. C.), below Navy Yard, I. Burk (He.). Bucks—Sellersville (Fr. ). Delaware—(P.). Chester—(P.). Lancaster —(P.). Lehigh—Along Lehigh (Kr.). New Jersey—Frequent. | New Castle—Frequent. 4, Eragrostis Pursui Schrad. M. p. 130. Dry places. Late summer. Philadelphia—(P.). Bucks—Nockamixon (Fr.). Chester—(P.). Lan- caster—York Furnace (He.) (Li.). Northampton—Easton, Porter (B. C.). Dauphin—(P.). Camden—Petty’s Island (He.). Gloucester—Mullica Hill (He.). Cape May—Wildwood (He.). Hunterdon—Bull Island (C.). New Castle—Streets and gutters, Wilmington. 5. Exacrostis Erscrostis (L.) Karst. M.p.130. Waste places. Summer. Bucks—Bensalem, Mart. (Fr.). | Delaware—Cheyney, Dr. Wm. Trimble (Fu.). New Castle—Gardens and roadsides. Common. 6. ERAGROSTIS MAJOR Host. M. p. 130. Sandy waste places. Summer. 2 7. ERAGROSTIS PECTINACEA ene) Steud. M. p. 131. Sandy dry ground. Late summer. 8. ERAGROSTIS HYPNOIDES (Lam.) B. 8. P. M. p. 131. Gravelly shores. Late summer. Philadelphia—Banks of Delaware (Ca.). Bucks—Nockamixon (Fr.). Montgomery—Schuylkill above Manayunk, west and east banks (VP.). Lancaster—York Furnace (He.).(Ke.). Northampton—Easton, Porter (B.C.). Dauphin—(P.). Camden — Kaighn’s Point, I. Burk (He.). Salem — Riddleton (He.) (Li.). 53. EATONIA Raf. Empty scales usually unequal, the first commonly shorter and not more than one-fifth as wide as the second. 50 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Second scale obovate in side view, rounded at the summit. Leaf.sheaths, blades and stems glabrous. “1. E. obtusata. Leaf- “sheaths, ‘blades and stems softly pubescent. . ‘ 2. E. pubescens. Second scale oblanceolate in side view, acute or acutish . cat ‘the apex. 3. EE. ‘Pennsylvanica. Empty scales ‘usually’ equal, the first at least as broad as the second. Leaf-sheaths and blades softly pubescent... , 4. #. nitida, Leaf-sheaths and blades glabrous. ‘ ‘5. E. glabra. 1. EATONIA OBTUSATA ‘(Miehx.) A. Gray. M. p. 132. Dry soil. Summer. Bucks—Andalusia, Mart. (Fr. a Delaware— Radnor, Serpentine, Dr. Geo. Smith (B. Sm.). Chester (P.). Lancaster—(P.). Camden— —Kaighn ’ s Point, I. Burk (He.). New Castle— —Brandywine, Collins: aah os . EaTONIA PUBESCENS Scribn. & Mer. Rar p. SS, PE soil. ‘Summer. Chester — (, y. Lancaster— (P. i : oo 3. EaTonia PENNSYLVANICA (DC.) A. Gray. M. Dp. 132. Moist woods and meadows. Summer. 4, EATONIA NITIDA (Spreng, ) Nash. M. p. 132, “Dry woods. ‘Early summer, Philadelphia— Wissahickon (VP.). - Bucks— Argus, Ridge Valley (Fr.). Delaware—Marple (B. Sm.)., Lancaster — (P.). EP -(P.). North- ampton—(P.). ‘ Gloucester—Mickleton (He.), ae (Li.). Hunterdon —Rose- mont (C.). 5 New Castle— Townsend, Canby. , as 5. EaTonia cLapra Nash. .M. p. 1043. In woods. Early summer. _ Lancaster —Tuequan ‘Creek (P.). A 4 ) . KOELERIA PHLOEOIDES Pers. Ballast. Summer. Philadelphia—Girard Point, I. Burk (He.), i) eo 54, MELICA L. : Metio-orass. 1. MELIca MUTICA Walt. M. p..133. In rich soil. Summer, _ Lancaster—Safe Harbor (P.). Berks—Near Reading (P.). 55. UNIOLA L. SPIKE-GRASS.. i en Spikelets about 6 mm. in length ;. panicle spike-like. 1. ‘U. laza,. Spikelets exceeding 1.25 cm. in length; ‘panicle open. 2. U. latifotia. 1. Untowa LAXA (L.) B. 8. P. M, p. 135, Sandy aod, "Summer, 2. UNIOLA LATIFOLIA Michx.. M. p. 135. Shaded dlopes,. Autumn. ea Philadelphia—Germantown, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.). - Lancaster—Me- Call’s Ferry, Porter (B. C.)., ef New Castle—Above Brandywine Brito, rare, 56. DISTICHLIS Raf. 1, DisTicHiis spicata (L.) Greene. Spike-grass, M..p. 135. Salt mead- ows. Summer. oe 57. DACTYLIS L. 1. DacTyLis GLoMERATA L. Orchard-grass. M. p. 136. Fields and waste places. Summer. f : GRAMINBAE, 51 58. POA L. Meapow-erass, SPEAR-GRASS. Annual; culms: low. and densely tufted, commonly less than 2, dm. 1. P. annua. Perennials; culmis tall, usually exceeding 2 dm. © Culms tufted, usually densely so. ras Basal leaves ‘much shorter than the culms. - : ee Flowering scales not webby at the base. . 6. P; autumnalis. Flowering scales webby at the base.’ ; Lateral nerves of aRe Agente seals glabrous. oy 4 P. trivialis. Lateral nerves of tite flowering scales pubescent. Tntermesdiage: nerves of the flowering scale obseure. 2. P. pana, ae ATntermediake nerves ent ett Spikelets crowded on the spreading or ascending branches; mid-nerve of the flowering scale pubescent only below... .. i 3.-P. pratensis. Spikelets scattered on the spreading, often re- flexed DIETENES avi ‘nerve pubescent its whole length. 5. P. sylvestris. Basal leaves ery, HONE the early ones’ ‘frequently as long as the culms. ‘ 1. PB. brevifolia. Culms not, peatvets sogiduncis long, creeping. . 8. P. compressa. 1.. Poa ANNUA Te "tow Spear-grass. M. p. 138, . Cultivated and waste » ground: “Spring, . Poa FLava L. False Red- -top, Fowl Meadow-grass. M. p. 139. Swampy places. Summer. ining Wea, Bee de aise as Bucks—Durham, Ruth. Delaware— —Upper Darby, Dr. Geo Sieh Lae Northampton—(P.). & Camden— Ballast (He.). 'Gloucester—Mickleton (He.) , Repaupo (Ja.), Swedesboro (Li). ot , New Castle—River Shore, Holly ‘Oak, ‘tonnes 3. Poa PRATENSIS L..,, June-grass, Kentucky Blue-grass. M. P. 139. Dry soil. Summer. : 2% : 4, Poa TRIvIALIS L. M., p. 139. Meadows and, waste places. einen Philadelphia—Ballast, H. Diffenbaugh (B. C.). , Bucks—Sellersville (Fr.). Deluware—Swarthmore (B. Sm.). Chester —Paoli (Te.). Lan- caster—(P.). Northampton—(P.). : cial : Gloucester—Mickleton, (He.), Tomlin (Ja. )s Swedesboro a ); Timber _ Creek (Te.). Hunterdon—Frequent (6. ). 5. Poa syLvestris A. Gray., M. p. 139. Thickets and meadows. Early _ summer ey ae Prladelphle—(P.). Bucks—Nockamixon, A. P. Garber (P.), Dela- . ware—Swarthmore, LE. T. Cresson, Jr, (B. Sm.). Chester—Valley Forge (P.). Lancaster—(P.). , Northampton—Easton, Porter (B. C.). 6.,Poa AUTUMNALIS Muhl. M. p. 140. . Dry woods, Spring. , ia Bucks—Nockamixon CEE} Foncaniet— tart and Martic Townships (Pe). Se UN : New: Sadie, Hiarcer, appodiis: Banerotts, Commons : Sey ees Canby. cig 7. Poa BREVIFOLIA Muhl. M. p. 140. Rocky sini, une, Philadelphia~ Wissahickon, Mart. (B. Oh Robingon’s Knoll (Te.). 52 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Bucks — Pipersville, Moyer (Fr.). Delaware — Swarthmore, Dr. J. B. Brinton (B. C.)., Wawa (He.) (Ke.) (Li.), Haverford (Le.), Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.), Ridley Creek, near West Chester pike (VP.). New Castle—Brandywine, scarce. 8. Poa compressa L. Wire-grass, English Blue-grass. M. p. 141. Waste places, cultivated ground and woods. Summer. 59. PANICULARIA Fabr. MANNA-GRASS. Spikelets ovate or oblong, 8 mm. long cr less. Flowering scales very broad, obscurely, or at least not sharply nerved. Panicle open, the branches ascending or spreading, often drooping. Spikelets 3-5-flowered, lowest flowering scale about 2 mm. long. 1. P. laxa. Spikelets 5-12-flowered; lowest flowering scale about 3 mm. long. 2. P. Canadensis. Panicle contracted, the branches erect. 3. P. obtusa. Flowering scales narrow, sharply and distinctly 7-nerved. Panicle elongated, its branches erect or appressed.’ 4. P. elongata. Panicle not elongated, open, its branches spreading: or drooping, rarely erect. Scales about 2 mm. long, obtuse or rounded at the apex. Spikelets 3 mm. long or less; branches of the panicle often drooping. 5. P. nervata. Spikelets 4-6 mm. long; branches of the panicle ascending or spreading. 6. P. Americana. Scales 2.5-3 mm. long, truncate and denticulate at the apex. 7. P. pallida. Spikelets linear, 12 mm. long or more. Flowering scales 4-5 mm. long, obtuse, equalling or ease the obtuse palet. . P. fluitans. Flowering scale 6-8 mm. long, shorter than the eee palet. 9. P. acutiflora. 1. PaNICULARIA LAxXA Scribn. M. p. 143. In water or wet soil. Summer. Gloucester —Mickleton (He.). 2, PANICULARIA CANADENSIS (Michx.) Kuntze. Rattlesnake-grass. MM. p. 148. Bogs and wet places. Summer. 3. PANICULARIA opTUSA (Muhl.) Kuntze. M. p. 143. Bogs near the coast. Summer. Burlington — Moorestown (Sts.), Atsion (Te.). Camden — Kaighn’s Swamp, Mart. (B. C.), Ancora (Te.), Lindenwold, Clementon, Haddon- field (VP.). Glowcester—Near Mickleton (He.), Paulsboro (Ja.), Tom- lin (Ke.), Swedesboro (Li.). Atlantic—-Hammonton (Fr.) (Ke.), Egg Harbor (Ke.). Ocean—Toms River (Te.). New Castle—St. George’s and Duck Creek, Commons; THOR SRORE, Tat- nall; Canal near Delaware City, Tatnall and Commons. 4. PANICULARIA _ELONGATA (Torr.) Kuntze. M. p. 143. Wet woods. Sum- mer. : Bucks—Rock Hill (Fr.). Delaware—Tinicum, Aubrey H. Smith (B. Sm.). Lancaster—(P.). Northampton—Wind Gap, Pen Argyl (He.). Monmouth—Holmdel (C.). Hunterdon—Stockton (C.). 5. PANICULARIA NERVATA (Willd.) Kuntze. M. p. 144. Moist meadows. Summer. GRAMINEAE. 53 6, PanicuLaRIa AMERICANA (Torr.) MacM. M. p. 144. Wet soil. Sum- mer, Bucks—Durham, Ruth (Fr.). Lancaster—(P.). Northampton—(P.). . PANICULARIA PALLIDA (Torr.) Kuntze. M. p. 144, Shallow water. Summer. ; Philadelphia—(P.). Bucks—Sellersville (Fr.). Delaware—Tinieum, Aubrey H. Smith (B. Sm.). Northampton—(P.). Camden—Kaighn’s Point, C. F. Parker (B. C.). Gloucester—Mickle- ton (He.), Repaupo (Li.). Salem—Riddleton (Li.). 54 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. ' Repaupo (Ja. ), Swedesboro (Li.). Cape May—Cape May Point (Te.). Monmouth—Squan (C.). New Castle— Townsend, Canby; Deakynes, Commons. 3. ‘Festuca, ovina L. ' Sleep’ s Fescue. M. p. ibe Fields and waste places. Summer. bhealer-Eo Weed EP Delaware—Swarthmore, £. T - Cresson, Jr. (B. Sm.). e Camden—Grenloch (He.). Hivuentior— Wenonah (He.),, Swedesboro (Li). Cape. May —Wildwood (Li. Je 3a. FESTUCA OVINA DURIUSCULA (L.) Hack. M. p 147, Philadelphia—Girard Point (Te.). Bucks— — Andalusia, Mart. (Fr.). Chester—(P.). Northampton— (P.). Cape May— “Cape May, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.), Holly Beach (He. ), An- glesea (Li.). ‘4, Festuca ELATIOR L. aller Fescue, M. ‘p. 147. Fields and waste places. Summer. 5. Festuca Sort Kunth. M. p. 147. In woods and thickets. Summer. Lancaster—Dillerville Swamp (P.). 62. BROMUS L. BromeE- GRASS. Lower Senn scale 1- nerved, the “upper 3- nerved,. Awn shorter than the flowering seale or wanting; perennials 6-12 dm. tall, Flowering scales glabrous, or pubescent on the margins. 1. B. ciliatus. Flowering scales densely. pubescent all over the back. 2. B. purgans. Awn longer than the flowering scale;’ low annuals 3-6 dm. tall. | Flowering scales ABD BSRI: hirsute, 8-12 mm. long. -. 38. B. tectorum. Flowering scales sparsely appressed- hispidulous. 4, B. sterilis. Lower empty scale 3-nerved, the upper 5-9- nerved. ” Pen a Flowering scales awned. Flowering scales pubescent. Pubescence dense, consisting of long silky hairs. 5. B. Ealmii. Pubeszence of short appressed hairs, not. dense. ; 6. B. hordaceus. Flowering scales glabrous or minutely roughened. « ‘Nerves of the turgid flowering scales obscure; sheaths glab- _ rous. |” 7. B. secalinus. oy _ Nerves of the’ flowerizig’ scale’ prominent; 3 sheaths softly and ole densely pubescent with reflexed hairs. 8. B. racemosus. | Flowering scales awnless, nearly as broad as long. 9. B. brizaeformis. 1. ‘Baowrs ciuiatus L. Woodchess. M. p. 149. Woods and thickets. _ Summer. - oe Philadelphia—Byberry, Mart. (B. C.), Wissahickon (He.). ~ Bueks— Rock Hill (Fr.) (Ja.).° Delaware—Hey’s Dam, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu. ), Burmont (B. Sm.), Ridley Creek, Darby Creek, ia Creek, Lewis Mill, Castle Rock (VP.). Chester—Valley Forge (He.). "San ongtanes (P.). Northampton—Easton, Porter (B. C.). , Cape May—Wildwood (He.). 2, Bromus PURGANS L. M. p. 149. Woods and thickets. Summer. Philadelphia— Wissahickon (He.). Northampton—(P.). GRAMINEAE. 55 Hwiterdon—YFrequent along the Tela - ). New Castle—Frequent. @ ae 3. Bromus tTecToruM L. M. p. 149.> saint ah waste places. Early summer. Bucks—Bristol (P.), Tullytown, Sellersville, Telford (Fr.). North- ampton—Streets of Easton (P.). |... em» @ 4 ‘ag OY ‘New Jersey—Common, +... a , New Castle— Collins, Commons’; 3 “Odes, Clayton, Commons and Tainall 4, Bromus STERILIS L. M. p. 150. Waste places and ballast. Summer. ‘Philadelphia— Banks of Schuylkill (He.), ; “Wayne Junction P. & R. rail- road (Je.), Robinson’s Knoll, West Park (VP.). Bucks—Telford (Fr.). Montgomery—Above Manayunk (VP.).’ Northiampton— Baston (Pye Atlantic— Atlantic City (Te.). 4 clas | BroMus Kamm’ A! Gray. “M. p.'150. “Woods and thickets.’ Summer. Bucks—Ridge Valley (Fr.). Delaware—Evans’ Cemetery; Radnor, Dr. ‘Geo. Smith (B. ae *Laneaster—(P.).. Northampton—Easton, Porter Ey 6. Bromus HORDACEUS fs M. P 150. Fields and, “waste. places. Summer. 'Philadetphta—Ballast, C. A. Boice (B. C.). .Chester—(P.). Gloucester—Swedesboro. (Li). | Ablantio— Hammonton (Cs, 7. Bromus SECALINUS i, ‘Cheat or “Chess. M Pp 150., ,Lields and waste ‘places. “Summer. 8. Bromus RAcEMOsUS L. M. P- 150. Fields and waste places. Summer. 9. BROMUS BRIZAEFORMIS Fisch. & Mey. ‘M..p. 151. Introduced. Summer. Lancaster—(P.). x “63. LOLIUM L. Rav-oniss, Danwei. Empty seal’ shorter than, the spikelet. te oe 1 Flowering .scales awnless. _ pattie gt de ales perenne. Flowering scales. awned... ag 2. L. Italicum. Empty scale: equalling or extending beyond ‘the dowaring scales. 3. DL. temulentum. 1. Lotium PERENNE ie Ry ye grass. M, P, 152. Fields and waste. places. Sumner. a Aa , ’ pe 182. Tou 2. ‘Louw Tpauroust,A, Br, _ New: ont cope aide, [tip gen Seas! 8. Lotium TEMULENTUM L. Darnel. M. P 152. Waste places anil culti- vated grounds,, Summer. 9 4...) . . oe Philadelphia—Ballast (P.). Delaware— Cone, cw. Tr.). _North- ampton—(P.). ; sion Camden—Kaighn Xg Point, Dr. BL @.' Hunt’ (He.). an New Castle—Noxentown, Centeryalls, Callies, STONE, ATE Em &e 4 pe anil vasi aad Bipaeaens y ot 64. AGROPYRON J. Suariin, ties GRASS, & 3 Gilun tufted, no creeping rootstocks or stolons, -\~ ° 1. A. caninum. Culms from creeping. rootstocks. .. Shallew 2. A. repens. 1. AGkOpYRON CANINUM (L.)' R. & &:' “ah p. 153. Cultivated ground and meadows. Summer. - . 56 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. New Castle—Low ground, east of Thompson’s Swamp, Commons. 2, AGROPYRON REPENS (L.) Beauv. Couch-grass, Quitch-grass, M. p. 153. Fields and waste places. Summer. 65. HORDEUM L. Flowering scales, exclusive of awn, 6-8 mm. long. Awn of the flowering scale 1.25 em. long or less. 1. H. nodosum. Awn of the flowering scale 2.5 cm. long or more. 2. H. jubatum. Flowering scales, exclusive of awn, about 1.2 cm. long. 3. H. murinum. 1. Horpevm noposum L. Meadow-Barley. M. p. 155. Meadows and waste places. Summer. Bucks—Perkasie, in ditches (Fr.). Cape May—Goshen Landing (He.). 2. Horpeum suBatum: L. Squirrel-tail Grass. M. p. 155. Dry soil. Sum- mer. Philadelphia—Commons, Mart. (B. C.). Bucks—Quakertown, Telford (Fr.). Montgomery—Ambler (Fr.). Delaware—Tinicum, rare (VP.). Chester—Valley Forge (W. Tr.). Lancaster—West Grove (Ca.). Camden—Kaighn’s Point (Ja.). Atlantic—Hammonton (C.), Atlantic City (He.). Mercer—Trenton (C.). , New Castle—Shores, Woodland Beach, Commons. 3, HorpeuM muRINUM L. Wall-Barley. M. p. 155. Ballast and waste places. Summer. Philadelphia—Fairmount Park (Ja.). Camden—Kaighn’s Point (He.). 66. ELYMUS L. lLymz-crass, WILD Rvs. Empty scales narrowly awl-shaped; spike slender. 1. EH. striatus. Empty scales linear-lanceolate to linear; spike stout. Flowering scales glabrous. 2. BE. Virginicus. Flowering scales more or less appressed-pubescent, usually densely so. ; 3. E. Canadensis. 1. Exymus striatus Willd. M. p. 156. Rocky woods and banks. Summer. Philadelphia— Wissahickon (VP.). Delaware—Marple, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.), Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.), Concord (W. Tr.). Chester— (P.). Lancaster—(P.). Northampton—Easton, Porter (B. C.). Cape May—Wildwood (He.). Hunterdon—Rosemont, Ridge Island (C.). New Castle—Mount Cuba, Greenbank, Brandywine, Commons. 2, EnymMus Vircinious L. M. p. 156. Along streams. Summer, 3. Exymus Canapensis L. M. p. 157. River banks. Summer, 67. HYSTRIX (L.) Millsp. 2 1. Hystrrx Hystrix (L.) Millsp. Bottle-brush Grass. M. p. 158. Rocky woods. Summer. i Philadelphia—Schuylkill, near junction of Wissahickon (He.). Bucks —Sellersville (Fr.). Montgomery—Above Lafayette (VP.), Skippach Creek, Sumneytown (VP.). Delawaye—Wawa (Ke.), Lansdowne (Pe.), CYPERACEAE. 57 Rhoads’ Swamp, Marple (B. Sm.), Concord (W. Tr.). Chester—-St. Peter’s (Ke.), Brandywine Creek (Pr.). Lancaster—(P.).. Northamp- ton—(P.). / Burlington—Ameytown (C.). Mercer—Princeton (Te.). New Castle—Frequent. 68. ARUNDINARIA Michx. 1. ARUNDINARIA TECTA (Walt.) Muhl. Switch Cane, Small Cane. M. p. 158. Swamps ard moist soil. Summer. Delaware—Painter’s Arboretum (He.). Family 2. CYPERACEAE J. St. Hil. Sedge Family. Flowers oF the spikelet all, or at least one of them, perfect; spikelets all similar... Seales of the spikelets 2-ranked. . ‘Perianth none; spikelets in solitary or umbelled terminal heads. 1. Cyperus. ; Perianth of 6-9 bristles ; inflorescence axillary. 2. Dulichium. Seales of the spikelets spirally imbricated all around. : Spikelets with several to many perfect flowers. Base of. the style swollen, persistent as a tubercle on the achene. Leaves reduced to, basal sheaths ;, bristles of the perianth usually present; spikelet solitary... 3. Eleocharis. Culm leafy; perianth- -bristles. none; spikelets in a ter- minal umbel. . 4, Stenophyllus. Base of the style enlarged or narrow, deciduous. Flowers with no broad sepals or interior perianth-scales. " Style swollen at the base; bristles none. : 5. Fimbristylis. Style not swollen at the base; : bristles usually present. Spikelets, solitary to. many; bristles 1-6, rarely ‘ none. 6. Scirpus. Spikelets solitary or few; ; bristles 6-many, soft, smooth, very long, slender, much exserted. 7. Eriophorum. . Flowers with a perianth of 3-stalked sepals or of 1 or 2 interior hyaline scales. 8. Fuirena. ae 1-4-flowered, some of the flowers imperfect. (Style, or its base, persistent as a tubercle on the achene. 9. Rynchospora. Style, wholly deciduous. 10. Cladiwm. Flowers all monecious or diccious, usually borne in ae small spikelets, Achene not enclosed in a utricle. . Scleria. Achene enclosed in a utricle (perigynium). et iz Cares. 1. CYPERUS L. GaLineate. Style 2-cleft; achene lenticular, not 3- angled ; Seales falling from the rachis; spikelets flat. © Spikelets yellow; superficial cells of the astens ee . C. flavescens. Spikelets green or brown; superficial cells of: dhe ie quadrate. Scales obtuse or obtusish, appressed. ' Seales membranous, dull; style much exserted. 2. C. diandrus. Scales subcoriaceous, shining ;. style soareely exserted. . C. rivularis.. Scales acute, somewhat spreading at maturity. 2 Cc. Nuttauii. 58 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Style 3-cleft; achene 3-angled. | Scales falling away from the persistent rachis of the flattened spikelet. Wings of the rachis, if present, permanently adnate to it. Scales tipped with recurved awns; low annual, 2-15 cm. tall. ; 5. C. inflexus. Scales acute or obtuse, not awned. - Wings of the rachis none or very narrow. Stamens 3; spikelets linear-oblong, 8-25 mm. long; “scales acute. 6. C. compressus. Stamen 1; spikelets ovate, 4-8 mm. long. «4, Cy pseudovegetus. Wings of the rachis evident. Low annual, adventive from Hurhpe seales brown. C. fuseus, Tall indigenous perennials. Scales mucronate, reddish- brown or green. 9. C. dentatus. Seales acute or obtuse, not mucronate. Scales wholly or partly purple-brown; achene linear. 10. C. rotundus. Scales straw-colored; achene ovoid. 11. C. esculentus. Wings of’ ‘the rachis separating from it as interior scales; annuals. 12. C. ery ythrorhizos. Spikelets falling away from the axis of the spikes, the lower pair of seales commonly persistent. Annuals; spikelets elongated, nearly terete. Scales imbricated; achene obovoid. 13. C. speciosus. Scales distant; achene linear-oblong. 14. C. Engelmanni. Perennial by hard, tuber-like basal corms; ‘spikelets more or less flattened. Achene narrowly linear-oblong, 3-4 times as long as thick. Spikelets flat, several-many-flowered. ; 15. C. strigosus. Spikelets subterete, few-flowered. Spikelets 12-25 mm. long, loosely spicate; lower re- flexed. 16. C. refractus. Spikelets 3-12 mm. long, densely capitate or spicate. ; Spikelets all reflexed; culms rough. 17. C. retrofractus. Spikelets spreading or only the lower reflexed; eulms smooth. Heads oblong or cylindric. ' Spikelets 6-10 mm. long, the lower re- flexed. 18. C. Lancastriensis. am 3-4 mm. long, the lower spread- 19. C. cylindricus. Heads eid: 20. C. ovularis. Achene oblong or obovoid, about twice as long as thick. Rachis wingless or very narrowly winged. 21. C. filiculmis. Rachis-wings membranous, broad. Scales firm, not appressed, spikelet loosely capitate. 22. C. Grayt. Seales thin, closely appressed; spikelets densely cap- itate. . 23. C. echinatus. 1. CYPERUS FLAVESCENS L. M. p. 161. Low grounds. Summer. Philadelphia—Byberry, Mart. (B. C.), on the Delaware River (P.). Bucks—Near Bristol, Mart. (Fr.). Delaware—Wawa (P.), Valley of Darby Creek (B: Sm.). Lancaster— (P.). Northampton—Easton (P.). Dauphin— (P.). CYPERACEAE. | 59 Burlington — Atsion (He.).. Camden — Ballast. (C.). Gloucester — Mickleton (C.), Swedesboro (Li.). Cumberland—Jericho.(C.). Atlantic — May’s Landing (He.). Ocean — Goodluck Point,: Manchestst, Toms River (C.), Forked River (Ja.). : New Castle—St. George’ s, Canby; Dupont 8 Pier. Frequent. CYPERUS DIANDRUS Torr. M. p. 161. Low grounds. , Late summer. Philadelphia—Byberry, Mart. (B.C.)., Bueks—Near Sellersville (Fr.). Montgomery—(P.). Chester—Uwehlan Twp. (Pr.). Lancaster— York Furnace (He.). Northampton—Easton, Porter (B.C.). New Jersey—Common. ‘ New Castle—Common. 3. CYPERUS RIVULARIS Kunth., M. p. 161. Low grounds. Late, summer. = Bucks — Sellersville (Fr.). Delaware — Tinicum, C. E. Sinith (P.). Northampton—Island Park (P.). New Jersey—General (C.). New Castle—Odessa, St. George’s, Commons. 4, Cyperus Nurrauyi Eddy. M. p. 161. Salt ‘marshes. Summer. Philadelphia—Ballast (P.). Delaware—Chester, 7’. C. Palmer (Fu.). New Jersey—Common. : # : New Castle—St. George’s, Canby. : oe 5. CYPERUS INFLEXUS Muhl. M. p. 162. Sandy wet soil. Summer. Bucks—Near Point Pleasant (Fr.). Montgomery—Sumneytown (VP.). Chester—Willistown (VP.). Honensier— York ‘Furnace (li.). North- ampton—(P.). Dauphin—(P.). ' New Castle—Frequent. 6. CyPERUS comPRESSUS L. M. p. 162. Fields. Late summer. Philadelphia—Ballast (P.). , New Castle—St. George’s, Commons. 7. CYPERUS PSEUDOVEGETUS Steud. M. p. 162. Wet places. Summer. New Castle—Railroad, Townsend, Commons; Van Dyke. 8. CyPrRUS Fuscus L. M. p, 162. Ballast. Summer. Camden—Kaighn ’ s Point, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.). 9. CYPERUS DENTATUS Torr. * M. p. 163. Sandy swamps. Late summer. Bucks—Near Bristol (Fr.). Lancaster—(P.). Northampton—(P.). Dauphin—(P.). Burlington—Atsion (He.), near Brown Mills Junction (Sa.). Salem— Riddleton (Cr.). Atlantic—May’s Landing (He,), Egg Harbor (Ja.), Elwood (Te.). Ocean—Forked River (He.). Hunterdon—Along Delaware, common (C.). 10. Cyperus rorunpUS L. M. p. 163. Sandy fields. Summer. Delaware—(P.). Northampton—Bethlehem (P.). New Castle—Alluvial soil and gardens. Frequent. 11. CyPERUS ESCULENTUS L. M. p. 163. Low grounds. Late summer. _ 12. CyPERUS ERYTHRORHIZOS : Muhl. M. p. 163. Alluvial banks., Late summer.. é : Philadelphia — Navy Yard, Dr. Geo. Snith (Fu). _ Delaware —‘(P.). Dauphin—Forsters Island (P.). ‘ we 60 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Camden—Petty’s Island (C.); Camden, P. R. R. wharf (He.). Glou- cester—Swedesboro (Li.). New Castle—Townsend and river shore. 13. CYPERUS SPECIOSUS Vahl. M. p. 164. Marshes. Summer. ° Philadelphia—Falls of Schuylkill (Ja.). Cape May—Cape May (Te.), Stone Harbor, Wildwood (VP.). Atlantic —May’s Landing (C.), Hammonton, Dr. J. B. Brinton (He.). Ocean— Manchester (C.). New Castle—River shore, Canby. 14, CypERUS ENGELMANNI Steud. M. p. 164. Low grounds. Late summer. Camden—Kaighn’s Point, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.). 15. Cyperus stricosus L. M. p. 164. Damp or fertile soil. Late summer. 15a, CYPERUS STRIGOSUS ROBUSTIOR Kunth, M. p. 165. Range of type. Bucks—Bristol (Fr.). 16. CYPERUS REFRACTUS Engelm. M. p. 165. Dry fields. Summer. Delaware—Ridley (B.Sm.). Camden—Kaighn’s Point (Li.). 17. CYPERUS RETROFRACTUS (L.) Torr. M. p. 165. ‘Sandy fields. Summer. Philadelphia—(P.). Chester—(P.). Camden — Haddonfield, Griffith’s Swamp (C.). Gloucester — Malaga (C.), National Park (Cr.) , Swedesboro (Li.). Atlantic — Hammonton (C.). New Castle—Brandywine, frequent. 18. CypeRUS LANCASTRIENSIS Porter. M. p. 165. Dry fields. Summer. Philadelphia—Near Bartram’s Garden:(He.). Bucks—Tullytown (Fr.). Lancaster—McCall’s Ferry (Cr.), York Furnace (Ke.), Safe Harbor (P.). Camden—Centerville (C.). Gloucester—Swedesboro (Li.). Mercer— ° Trenton (C.). 19. CYPERUS CYLINDRICUS (BIL) Britton, M,. p. 165. Sandy pine barrens. Summer. Burlington — Woodmansie (Sa.). Camden — Lindenwold, Lucaston (VP.). Cape May—Anglesea (He.) (Li.). Ocean—Forked River (Cr.). New, Castle—Townsend, Canby and Commons. : 20, CYPERUS OVULARIS (Michx.) Torr. M. p. 165. Sandy dry soil. Sum- mer. Philadelphia—Navy Yard (Fu.), Wissahickon (VP.). Bucks— Tully- town (Fr.). Delaware—Tinicum (B. Sm. ), Crum Creek at Swarthmore (St.). Lancaster—Mouth of Tuequan Creek, Safe Harbor (P.). Gloucester — Swedesboro (Li.). Cape May — Cape May (Li.) (Sa.) (Te.). Atlantic—Atlantic City, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu. ), Hammonton, Dr, J. B. Brinton (He.). Ocean—Forked River (Cr.). New Castle—General and frequent. 21, CYPERUS FILICULMIS Vahl. M. p. 165. Dry sterile soil, Summer. Philadelphia—Byberry, Mart. (B. C.). Bucks—Point Pleasant (Fr.), New Hope, Malta Island (Ws.). Delaware—Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.). Chester—West Chester (Pr.). Lancaster—(P.). henigh—Lenry 8 (Kr.). Northampton—Easton, Porter (B. C.). CYPERACEAE. 61 New Jersey—Common. New Castle—Dixon’s, etc. Frequent. 22, Cyperus Grayr Torr. M. p. 166. Barren sands near the coast. Sum- mer. ‘New Jersey—Common. . New Castle—Collins, Summit Bridge, Commons. 23, CYPERUS ECHINATUS (Ell.); Wood. M. p. 166. Dry soil. ‘Summer. Philadelphia—Ballast below Navy Yard, Porter (He.), Bartram’s Gar- den (P.). 2. DULICHIUM L. C. Richard. 1. DULICHIUM ARUNDINACEUM (L.) Britton. M. p. 167. Wet places. Summer. ; pe 3, ELEOCHARIS R. Br. SPrxe-Rusu. Spikelet scarcely or not at all thicker than the culm. Culm stout; spikelet many-flowered. i Culm terete, nodose. 1. EH. interstincta. Culm quadrangular, continuous. 2. EH. mutata. ' Culm slender, triangular, continuous; spikelets few-flowered, subulate. 3. EH. Robbinsii. Spikelet manifestly thicker than the culm. Style mostly 2-cleft; achene lenticular or biconvex. : Upper sheath scarious, hyaline; plants perennial by slender root- stocks. » 4 E. oliwacea. Upper sheath truncate, oblique, or toothed, not. scarious. Annual, with fibrous roots. : Spikelet ovoid or oblong; tubercle deltoid, acute. 5. E. ovata. Spikelet oblong- cylindric; tubercle broad, low. = 6. E. Engelmanni. Perennial by horizontal rootstocks.’ © d Tuberele flat-conic. Scape and spike stout. 7. E. palustris. Seape and spike slender. 8. E. glawcescens. Tubercle swollen, bulb-like; spikelet not thicker than the scape. 9. BE. Smaltit. P Style 3-cleft; achene 3-angled or turgid. Achene reticulated or cancellate. Spikelet compressed; culm filiform. 10. E. acicularis. Spikelet terete; culm slender. 1L. E. tuberculosa. Achene smooth or papillose. Achene smooth, white; culms capillary. 12. E. microcarpa. Achene papillose, brown, black, or yellow. Tubercle depressed or short-conic. Achene 3-ribbed on the angles. 13. E. tricostata. Achene obtuse-angled, not ribbed. Culm filiform; scales obtuse. 14. F. fenwis. Culm flat; scalesacute. | 15. E. acuminata. Tubercle subulate or narrowly. pyramidal. Culms filiform, wiry, densely tufted, 1-2.5 dm. long. 16. E. intermedia. Culms ‘flattened, slender, 3-6 dm. long. 17. E. rostellata, 1, ELEOCHARIS INTERSTINCTA (Vahl.) R. & 8. M. p. 168. Shallow water. Summer. Gloucester —Repaupo (He.). 62 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 2. ELEocuaris MuTaTa (L.) BR. & 8. M. p. 168. Shallow watery ‘Summer. Philadelphia—Gray’s Ferry, C. E. Smith (Fu.). Cape “iftay—John- ston’s-Pond, Dennisville (C.), Cape May (He.). - ae - New Castle—Townsend, Canby and Commons. a 3. ELrocHaris RoBBInsil Oakes. M. p. 168. Shallow water. Late summer. Burlington— Quaker Bridge (C.). Camden—Longacoming (C.). Cape May—Dennisville, E. Diffenbaugh (B. C.). Ocean—Forked River. . 4. ELEOCHARIS OLIVACEA Torr. M. p. 168. Wet soil. ‘Late summer. Burlington—Atsion (He.) (Wa.). Gloucester—Near Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). Middlesex—South Amboy (C.). New Castle—Cedar Swamp, Commons. 5, ELnocwarrs OBTUSA Schult. M. p. 1044, Wet soil. Summer, _ 6. ELEOCHARIS ENGELMANNI Steud. M. p. 169. Wet soil. Summer. Bucks—Sellersville, Perkasie (Fr.). Delaware—Tinicum (P.). Lan- caster—(P.). 19 agai a oats Camden—Kaighn’s Point (C.). Hunterdon— Kingwood (C.). ; 7, ELEOCHARIS PALUSTRIS (L. o4 R.&S. M..p. 169. In water or wet grassy » grounds. Summer. — | 2 aes ' Philadelphia—Byberry, Mart, 3. C.), Philadelphia (Wn.). Bucks— Near Sellersville (Fr.). Delaware—Ridley Creek above Média (B.. ‘Sm if Chester—(P.). Lancaster— (P.). . Dauphin— ‘Steelton (Wn.). ‘Gloucester—Common (He.). aonmouh-—Deel, A. ai Smith (Fu.). New Castle—Frequent. a 8. ELEOCHARIS GLAUCESCENS (Willd.). Schult. M. p. 169. Wet places. Summer. ; Bucks— Sellersville (Fr.). Lancaster—(P.). Northampton—(P.). 9. ELEOCHARIS SMALLII Britton. M. p. 1055, 2d edition. Sandy shores of islands. Summer. Lancaster —MeCall ’g Ferry (P.). Dauphin—Harsisburg (P.). 10. ELEOOHARIS ACICULARIS (L.) R.& 8S. M. p.170. Muddy shores. Sum- mer. Philadelphia—Byberry, Mart. (B. C.). Bucks—Near Sellersville (Fr.). Delaware—Haverford (Le.), Rhoads’ Mill, Aston (B. Sm.). Chester— (P.). . Lancaster— York Furnace (Ke.). Berks—(P.). -Lehigh—Laury’s (Kr.). Northampton—(P.). ; re New Jersey—Common. New Castle—Brandywine, Col. Davis; Brakely. 11. ELEOCHARIS TUBERCULOSA (Michx.) R&S. is _p. 170. Wet pine bar- rens, Summer. Montgomery—Near Willow Grove (Sa.).: New Jersey— Frequent. 12. ELEOCHARIS MicrocarPa Torr. M. p.170. Wet pine barrens. Summer. 7 Burlington— Quaker Bridge (C.). . Atlantic—Egg Harbor (Li.). Ocean —Forked River ‘(He.). 13. ELEOCHARIS TRICOSTATA Torr. M. p. 171. Wet soil. Summer... Delaware—Tinicum (Fu.). 4 , Burlington—Quaker Bridge (C.). Atlantic—Egg Harbor (He.) (Li.). CYPERACEAE. 63 14. ELEOCHARIS TENUIS (Willd.): Schultes. M. p. 171. Wet soil. Early summer. 15. ELZOCHARIS ACUMINATA (Muhl.) Nees. M. p. 171, Wet soil: Summer. Bucks—Sellersville (Fr.). ap 16, ELEOCHARIS INTERMEDIA (Muhl.) ceneiteds: Mp. 171. Marshes. Sum- mer. Philadelphia—(P.). - ' Bucks-—Point Pleasant, Moyer’ (P.). Lancaster —(P.). Northampton— (B.). ‘Ocean— Forked Riyer (He.). | Hunterdon—Bull ’s ‘Teland,. Mart. (B,C.). 17, ELEOCHARIS ROSTELLATA Torr. M. p. 171. Marshes. Summer. — ‘Cape May — Dennisville, E. Diffenbaugh (B. 'C.), Cape May (Hay (He.). Atlantic—Atlantic City (C.). New i Bessh.: 4 STENOPHYLLUS Raf. , 1 STENOPHYLLDS CAPILLARIS - (L.) Britton, M. pi: 173. ., Sandy fields. Summer. 5. FIMBRISTYLIS Vahl. Style 2-cleft ; achene lenticular or biconvex. Culms 2-9 dm. all; spikelets’ umbellate ; stn mostly pubescent. Perennial; leaves involute. H 1. F. castanea. Annual; roots fibrous; leaves ‘flat. 2. F. lawa. Culms 2- 10 em. tall; very slender; ribs capitate; style, glabrous below. ° 3. F. Vahli. Style 3- cleft ; achenes 3-angled. ‘ Ga 4. F. autumnalis. 1. FIMBRISTYLIS CASTANEA (Michx.) Vahl. ME Pp. 174, Salt marshes. Summer. , ee ee age New J ersey—Frequent. New Castle—Near tide- water. Scarge. 2, FIMBRISTYLIS LAXA ‘Vahl, -M. p. 174. Low ground. Summer. iat Philadelphia—(P.). Delaware—Mineral Hill (He.). Chester — - Willis- town (VP,). Lancaster—(P.). » att vs New Castle—Serpentine, Dixon ’s, Commons. math : 3. FIMBRISTYLIS VAHLU (Lam.) Link. M: p.174. In meiat soil. Summer. Philadelphia—(P.).! Chester—(P.). Lancaster—(P.). we he 4, FIMBRISTYLIS AUTUMNALIS (L.) R. & 8. M. p. 174. Low grounds. Summer. 6. SCIRPUS L. Cxius-Rusa or BuLRUSH. Spikelet solitary, terminal, bractless or subtended by a single bract, or short leaf. ' No involucral bract. Ls nanus. Involucral bract present, eréct. Bract shorter than, or but. little longer than ie spikelets; plant not aquatic. S. planifolius. Bract at least twice as long as the spikelet plant aquatic. . 8. subterminalis! Spikelets normally more’ fies 1,.usually several or nomerous, often .appear- ing lateral; involucral bract only 1. Spikelets few, | 1:12, appearing lateral. Culms not sharply 3-angled; achene plano-convex; annuals, 64 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA, Bristles downwardly barbed, about equalling the achene. . 4, 8. debilis. Bristles minute or wanting. 5. 8S. Smithii. Culms sharply 3-angled; plants perennial by rootstocks. Achene plano-convex, bristles shorter than or equalling the achene., Spikelets acute, much overtopped by the ber involucral leaf; scales awned. 6. S. Americanus. Spikelets obtuse; involucral leaf short, stout; scales mucronulate. 7.8. Olneyi. Achene 3-angled, ridged on the back. _ 8. S. mucronatus. Spikelets several or numerous, umbelled ; tall sedges. . S. lacustris. Spikelets ‘several, capitate or umbellate, large ;. involucral leaves 2 or more. Achene lenticular or plano-convex; spikelets capitate. 10. S. robustus. Achene sharply 3-angled; spikelets umbellate. 11. 8. fluviatilis. Spikelets very numerous in compound umbels or umbelled heads, small; in- volucral leaves several; tall sedges, . Bristles downwardly barbed ; ‘spikelets in umbelled heads. Bristles equalling or slightly exceeding the achene; leaves 6-16 mm. wide. in Style 3-cleft; achene 3-angled; bristles 6. Spikelets 3-8 in each head;. bristles barbed throughout ; seales obtuse. 12. 8. sylwaticus. Spikelets 8-20. in each head; bristles not barbed below; seales acute. 13. 8. atrovirens. . Style 2-cleft; achene plano-convex; bristles 4. 14. 8. microcarpus. Bristles ‘flexuous, ‘twies as long as the achené; leaves 4-6 mm. wide. | 15. S. pol yphyllus.. , “Brtatieg smooth or slightly ia umbel mostly decompound. 16. S. cyperinus. : 1. Scrrpus nanus Spreng. M. p. 176. Brackish marshes. Summer. New Jersey—Frequent. 2. SCIRPUS PLANIFOLIUS Muhl. M. p. 176. Woods and thickets. Summer. _ Philadelphia—Byberry, Mart. (B. C.), Old York Road (Te.), Wissa- ‘Hickon (VP.). Bucks — Rock Hill (Fr.). Montgomery — Green Lane (VP.). Delaware—Ithan’s Bridge, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.) (B. Sm.), Rad- nor, Castle Rock (VP.). Chester—(P.). Lancaster—Lancaster (Kr.) Berks—(P.). Northampton—Easton, Porter (B. C.). Gloucester — Mullica Hill (C.), Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). Mercer—Princeton (C.). New Castle—General and frequent. 3. SCIRPUS SUBTERMINALIS Torr. M. p. 176. Slow streams and ponds. Summer. ; : ' Burlington — Batsto, Quaker Bridge (C.), Brown Mills, West Creek (Te.). ‘ Camden—Longacoming (C.), near Cedar Brook (VP.). Glouces- ter — Swedesboro, Repaupo (Li.). Atlantic - Hammonton (Fr.), Mill ‘, Pond near Atlantic City (He.), Bakersville (Li.). Ocean—Toms River (C.), Forked River (He.). 4, Scrrpus pEBILIs Pursh. M. p. 177. Swamps. Summer. Philadelphia — Byberry, Mart. (B. C.). Bucks — Roek Hill (Fr.). Montgomery—(P.). Delaware—Rhoads’ Swamp (Fu.), Ridley Creek near Media (B. Sm.). , Chester—(P.). ‘Lancaster —(P.). Lehigh— (P.). Northampton— Easton, Porter (B. C.). CYPERACEAE. 65 Salem—Daretown, C. Woolman (He.). Hunterdon—Pittstown (C.). New Castle—Frequent. 5. Scirpus Smirui A. Gray. M. p. 177. Wet shores. Summer. Philadelphia— Penrose Ferry, .C. E. Smith (Fu.). Camden—Gloucester ‘(C.), tidal mud above Cooper’s, I. Burk (He.). Cape May—Sea Isle (Li.). New Castle—Delaware Bay. 6. Scrrpus AMERICANUS Pers. M. p. 177. Fresh water and’ brackish swamps. Summer. : : 7. Scirpus OLnevi A. Gray: M. p. 177. Salt marshes. Summer. Cape May — Dennisville, EZ, Diffenbaugh (B. C.). Ocean — Forked River (Br.), Toms River (G.). Monmouth—Squan Village (C.). New Castle— River shore near Light- -house, Canby. : 8. ScIRPUS MUCRONATUS L. M. p. 178. Swamps. Summer. | Delaware —Rhoads’ Swamp (B. Sm.). Chester— (P.). 9. ScirPuS LACUSTRIS L.' M."p. 178. In still, fresh water. Summer. Philadelphia—Byberry, Mart. (B.C.). Bucks—Near Sellersville (Fr.). Delaware—Upper Darby, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.), Wawa (U.C. 8.). Lan- caster—(P.). Lehigh~— Tau s — Me Northampton— Easton, Porter B.C.). Dauphin—(P.).' pet Sas Pe New Jersey—Frequent. New Castle— Frequent. 10. ScrrPus RoBUSTUS Pursh. M. p. 179. Salt marshes. Summer. Philadelphia—Neck (VP.). New Jersey—Frequent. New Castle—Christiana Creek, B. Hoopes; Delaware City. 11. Scirpus FLuviaTILIs (Torr.) A. Gray. M. p. 179. Shallow water. Summer. Delaware—Near Chester, Dr. Jesse Young (Fu. Ds Tinicum (P. Da Essing- ton (Sa.). Lancaster—Peach Bottom (P.). Camden — Swampy borders of Delaware (C.). Gloucester — Near Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). Salem—Swampy borders of Dela- ware (C.), Oldman Creek (He.). ss aie ‘New Castle — Wilmington, marshes, Michener. \ 12, Scirpus syLvaticus L. M. p. 179. Swamps. Summer. Philadelphia—Byberry, Mart. (B. ©.). Bueks—Durham, Ruth (Fr). Delaware— Between Darby and Chester, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.). Lancaster —Smithville, Gap, Little, Octoraro (P.). Hunterdon— Stockton, ‘Lambertville (C.). New Castle—Faulkland, Commons. 13. Scirpus aTROVIRENS Muhl. M. p. 179. Swamps. Summer. Philadelphia—Byberry, Mart. (B. C.). Bucks—Rock Hill (Fr.). Dela- ware — Radnor, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu. ), near Newtown ae (VP.). Lancaster—(P.). Northampton — (P.).? Burlington—Brown Mills (Te. ). Gloucester—Mickleton (He.), Swedes- boro (Li.), Wolferth’s Station (C.). Monmouth—Freehold (C.). New Castle—Frequent. - . 66 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 14. Scirpus microcarPus Presl. M. p. 179.. Swamps and wet ' woods. Summer. i Bucks—Penn Valley (Fr.). : : ee 15. SciRPUS POLYPHYLLUS Vahl. M. p. 180. Swamps. Summer. ‘ Bucks—Near Sellersville (Fr.)..: Delaware— Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.). Chester—(P.). Lancaster—(P.). eS (Ke.). . Dau- phin—(P.). i : ty 4d Hunterdon—Rosemont, Lambertville: ). ve ae to New Castle—Common. 16. ScirPuS CYPERINUS ,(L.)- Kunth. ;M. p. 180.., an Summer, ‘ le ERIOPHORUM L. Conton-anass. eatin ; Achene obovoid, “obtuse; spikelets umbellate. wi Ae _ polystaghyon. Achene linear-oblong, acute; spikelets capitate or some ‘of them peduncled. Leaves channeled or 3- sided; bfistles 4-6 times ‘4s long as the scale, bright white. > 2.2. gracile. \ Leaves flat; Pumas 3 times as — as the Seale, brown (rarely white), eeu ‘3. E. ‘Virginicum. ; % 1 [Eniornonum » POLYSTACHYON L M. p 182, “Bogs. ‘Summer, Ne ew ‘Castle— Thompsons, not common. 2. ERIOPHORUM GRACILE Koch. M. p. 182. “Bogs. “gurareee: . Bucks— Quakertown, Mart. (B. C.), Nockamixon (Cr,), (He. ), Rock Hill (Fr.). Delaware—Rhoads’ Swamp, Marple (Fu.) (B, Sm.). .Ches- ter—(P.).. Lehigh— Salsburg (Kr.). Northampton— (P. )- Gloucester— Mickleton (He.). Ocean—Tuckerton (Sts.) (Te.). New Castle—Delaware Junction, Townsend, Commons. 3. ERIOPHORUM VIRGINIcUM L. M. p. \182. Bogs. Summer. _ ‘ - Bie fase dt ica ! 8. FUIRENA Rottb. ‘ UMBRELLA-GRASS. 1. Furrena squarrosa Michx. M. p. 182. , Wet meadows and marshes near ‘the coast. Summer. . ae a — la. FUIRENA. SQUARROSA HISPIDA (BIL) Chapm. M. p. 182. Sandy, wet places. Summer. is. ah / : Camden—Ballast and Petty’s Island (C. ). Cape May—Cape May (Cr.) (Li.), Beesley’s Point (He.), Anglesea (Li,).. Atlantic—May ’s Landing (C.). Ocean—Toms River (C.), Forked River (He.) (Wn.). Monmouth —Long Branch (Fu. )s Ocean Beach, Ocean Grove, Spring Lake (C. ). ‘9: RYNCHOSPORA Vahl. Style entire or 2-toothed, persistent as_ a long- -exserted beak. ‘1. B. corniculata. Style deeply 2-cleft, only its base persistent as.a tubercle. Bristles minute or wanting. . ,2. BR. pallida. Bristles downwardly barbed or rarely ‘smooth. 7 py ; Scales white or nearly so; bristles 9-15. 3. R. alba. '' Seales brown; bristles 6. — Leaves filiform ; achene oblong. |. 4., R. capillacea. Leaves narrowly linear, flat; achene obovate. Bristles equalling the achene; tubercle one-half a8 long or less. 5. RB. Knieskernii. Bristles reaching or ecveading: the end of the tubercle, which is as long as the achene. CYPERACEAE... | 67. Spikelets fem-ceveral in sciacaee pee loose clus- ters, , oy 6& B. glomerata. Spikelets very, numerous in 8: 6 “very dense, globose ' heads. UR acillaris. t Bristles upwardly barbed. gfe Ji | EE eon Spikelets very numerous in 2-6 very, dense, siphons heads. 7. R. axillaris. Wa aged Rpikelets few-several in rather depge clusters. Achene smooth. | ‘! Leaves setaceous ;. achene obovate, didnt: 8. BR. fusca. Leaves narrowly haeee, flat; achené’ broadly oval, dull. Hate i Ro way ch 9. R. gracilenta. Achene transversely wviniled, He nth Leaves flat; _ Spikelets ‘nearly | or quite sessile. 10. RB. cymosa. Leaves involute ; Bpilkelota distinctly ae we 11. RB. Torreyana. 1, RyNCHOSPORA coRNICULATA (Lam.) A. Gray. M. Pe 184. “Wet places. Summer. Gloucester—Center Square'.(He.). jae ‘ of la. RYNCHOSPORA CORNICULATA MACROSTACHYA (torn) Britton. M. B 184. Swamps. Summer. Camden — Berlin, Jos. Leidy' (Fu.), Longacoming, disiioantes (C.). Gloucester—Near Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). Salem—Penn’s Grove (C.). Ocean—Beaver Dam, Manchester (C.).. 2. RYNCHOSPORA PALLIDA M..A, Curtis. M.. p. 184. oe in: pine barrens. Summer. shy Burlington—Atsion, E. Diffenbaugh (B. C.), Bordentown, Batsto, Sha- mong, Quaker Bridge (C.). Camden—Merchantville (C.). Gloucester— Woodbury (C.). Atlantic—Egg, Harbor (Ke.) (Li.). Ocean—Toms River, Dr. Geo, Smith (Fu. ), Forked River (He.) (Wn.). 3. RYNCHOSPORA ALBA CE.) Vahl. M. p. 185. Bogs. Summer, 4. RYNCHOSPORA CAPILLACEA Torr. M. p. 185. Bogs. Stimmer. _Laneaster—Dillerville, Porter’ (Fu.). ma 4 : se 5. RyncHospora KNIESKERNII Carey. M. p. 185. Pine barrens. Summer. Burlington — Iron-ore banks below Atsion, ‘HE. Diffenbaiigh | (B. ©.), Quaker Bridge (C.). Atlantic—Egg Harbor (He.) (Li.). . Ocean—Paint Hollow, Cassville (C.). Monmouth—Shark River, Hope Village .(C.). 6. RyNcHosPora GLOMERATA (L.) Vahl. M. P. 185. Low Eee Sum. , mer. ! # Philadelphia Byberry, Mart. (B. C.).. Bustle Rock Hill (Fr.), Bris- tol (P.). Montgomery—(P.). Delaware—Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.), Tinicum \(VP.). \Lancaster—(P.)..: Chester Lincoln. University, Porter (B.C.). Lehigh—Laury’s (Kr.). OS: Tag V4 New Jersey—Frequent. i New Castle—Thompsons; not common. 64 ‘ 7. RYNCHOSPORA AXILLARIS (Lam.) Britton: M., p.. UBB.» ee Sum- mer. Burlington — Quaker Bridge, E. Diffenbaugh (B. ©), ateGie hoa Atlantic—Hammonton (C.). Ocean—Manchester (C.). . ato 68 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 8. RyncHospora Fusca (L.) R. & 8. M. p. 185. Low grounds. Summer. Burlington — Quaker Bridge (C.). Camden — Spring Garden (C.). Gloucester—Mickleton (C.). Atlantic—Egg Harbor (He.). Ocean— Manchester (C.), Forked River (He.). 9. RYNCHOSPORA GRACILENTA A. Gray. M. p. 186. Pine-barren swamps. Summer. Burlington—Quaker Bridge (C.), Atsion (He.). Gloucester—Mickle- ton (C.). Atlantic—Egg Harbor (Li.). New Castle—Kiamensi. 10. RyncHospora cymosa Ell. M. p. 186. Low grounds. Summer. Bucks—Bristol (P.), Tullytown’ (Sa.).”° Delaware—Spring House, Tin- icum, 4. H. Smith (Fu.) (B. Sm.). Lancaster—(P.). Camden—Griffith’s Swamp (C.), Lindenwold (VP.). Gloucester—Near Mickleton (He.). Monmouth—Woodbury Pond, Squan (C.). Mercer— Princeton, Hightstown (C.).. Hunterdon—Byram (C.). New Castle—Common. 11. Ryncnospora TorrEyYANA A. Gray. M. p. 186. Wet. pine barrens. Summer. Burlington—Quaker Bridge, Atsion (C.). Atlantic—Pleasant Mills, Main Road Station (C.), Egg Harbor (He.) (Li.) (Wn.). 10. CLADIUM P. Br. Twia-RusxH. ‘1, CLapDIUM MARISCOIDES (Muhl.) Torr. M. p. 186. Marshes. Summer. Lancaster—(P.). New Jersey—Frequent. 1. SCLERIA Berg. Nut-Rusu. Spikelets in terminal, or terminal and lateral clusters; achene supported on a hypogynium. Achene smooth. 1. 8. triglomerata. Achene reticulated or irregularly rugose. Culms erect or ascending; achene reticulated; leaves 2-3 mm. wide. ‘ 2. S. reticularis. | Culms spreading; achene irregularly rugose; leaves 4-8 mm. wide. ; 3. 8. Torreyana. Achene papillose. 4, S. paucifiora. Spikelets interruptedly glomerate-spicate; no hypogynium. 5. 8. verticillata. 1, SCLERIA TRIGLOMERATA Michx. M. p. 186. Meadows and thickets. Sum- mer. Bucks—Nockamixon (Fr.). Delaware—Near Spring House, Tinicum, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.). Chester—(P:). Lancaster—(P.). New Jersey—Frequent. New Castle—Frequent. 2. SCLERIA RETICULARIS Michx. M. p. 188. Moist meadows. Summer. Delaware—Near Spring House, Tinicum, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.). Lan- caster—Pleasant Grove (P.). Atlantic—Main Road Station (C.). Ocean—Manchester (C.). New Castle—Newark, not common. CYPERACEAE. 69 2a. SCLERIA RETICULARIS PUBESCENS Britton. M. p. 187. .Moist meadows. Summer. Bucks—Tullytown (Sa.). Gloucester—Near Mickleton (He.). 2b. SCLERIA RETIOULARIS OBSCURA Britton. M. p. 188. Moist meadows. Summer. ' Ocean—Forked River (He.). 3. Scuer1a TorrEYANA Walp. M. p. 188. Moist soil. Summer. Bucks—Tullytown (Fr.). Montgomery—Willow Grove (VP.). Dela+ _ ware—Tinicum (Fu.). Lancaster— (P.). Burlington—Batsto .(C.). Ocean —Paint Hollow, ‘Toms River (C.). 4, ScLERIA PAUCIFLORA Muhl. M. p. 188. Dry soil. ‘Summer. Bucks—Durham, Ruth (Fr.). Montgomery—(P.). Delaware—Wil- liamson School, Dr. J. B. Brinton (B.'C.), Miss Phillips Barrens, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.). Chester — (P.). Lancaster— (2. ).. Northampton—(P.). Gloucester —Near Mickleton (He.), Atlantic— —Landisville, Buena Vista ue} Monmouth —Shark River (C.). geRe gu ‘ New Castle—Dixons, Commons; Townsend, Canby and Tatnall; Faulk- land, Commons. 5. SCLERIA VERTICILLATA Muhl. M. p. 188. Moist meadows. Summer. Lancaster —Dillerville, : cali (Fu.). 12. CAREX L, SEDGE. A. Staminate flowers numerous, in one or more terminal spikes, which are sometimes pistillate at the base or summit; or the spike solitary and the | staminate flowers uppermost or’ basal, rarely. diwcious; stigmas mostly three and the achene 3-angled or swollen (stigmas 2- and the achene len- ticular or compressed in No. 32). evereneee Berigpaia mostly long-beaked, 3-20 mm. long, ben inflated, the beak usually as long. as the body or longer (short-beaked in No. 20); pistillate spikes mostly large, globose, ovoid, oblong or: cylindric. Perigynia membranots or papery. ‘ Perigynia ovoid, conic, each with a narrowed base, or subulate, tapering into a beak. : Teeth of the perigynium-beak slender, short or none, neither stiff nor awned. Teeth of the Penge -beak lanceolate or subulate. 1. Lupulinae. Ten of the perigyniuan- “peal short or almost wanting. 2. Vesicariae. “Teeth. of the perigynium- bag sti, setaceous or awned. : “/t 3, Pseudocyperinae. ‘Paigyats showoia very abruptly nesitiehtad into a beak; spikes . exceedingly dense. 4, Squarrosae. Perigynia firm, hard, and leathery. » 65. Paludosae. Perigynia short-beaked or beakless, little or not at all inflated, 1-5 mm. long, the beak commonly not more than one-half as long as the body (long-beaked in No. 26); spikes small and oblong or globose, or elongated linear or narrowly cylindric. — * Spikes 2 or more, the staminate one always uppermost, sometimes partly pistillate. Pistillate spike or spikes many- flowered, | mostly 2-5 em. long or more (or shorter in Nos. 27, 38, ‘40, 41, 44, 49-51) linear, narrowly cylindric or oblong. fens 70 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. ' Perigynia with a straight, short beak (long-beaked in No. 26; nearly beakless in No. 21), firm or leathery in texture; pistillate spikes erect; stigmas 3. , a) Uppermost spike staminate from the base to about the middle. ‘ : 6. Shortianae. Uppermost spike entirely staminate, or occasionally pistil- late at the base. a Perigynia papillose; beak very short, nearly or quite entire. = ' 7. Anomalae. Perigynia pubescent; beak sharply 2-toothed. : |. 8. Hirtae. Perigynia beakless or very short-beaked (see No. 21), and with orifices nearly or quite entire, thin in texture, not in- flated, closely ‘investing the achene; pistillate spikes erect or drooping, often brown or purple; stigmas often 2. , Pistillate spikes erect or somewhat spreading. “Terminal spike staminate below; stigmas 3. ; 9. Atratae. Terminal spike staminate throughout; stigmas 2. : 10. Rigidae. Pistillate spikes drooping, mostly on slender peduneles. Pistillate spikes 0.6-7.5 cm. long; stigmas 3 (2 in No. 32). Pistillate spikes linear; scales shorter than the perigynia. 11. Prasinae. Pistillate spikes globose, oblong or cylindric; scales as long as the perigynia, or longer. 12. Pendulinae. Pistillate spikes 2.5-10 em. long; scales 1-8 times as long as the perigynia. 13. Cryptocarpae. Perigynia tapering to a distinct: beak (nearly or quite beakless in Nos. 38-42), membranous in texture (firm in No. 48), inflated or loosely investing the achene; pistillate spikes mostly drooping, often narrowly linear. Terminal spike staminate below, pistillate above; peri- gynia short-beaked or beakless. Spikes all erect or nearly so. 14. Virescentes. ' Pistillate spikes drooping or spreading (erect or little spreading in No. 43). 15. Gracillimae. - Terminal spike wholly staminate, or sometimes pistillate at the base. Perigynia manifestly beaked, nerved or nerveless; pistillate spikes drooping. Beak of the perigynium. cylindric or subulate, once or twice as long as the body. ’ 16. Sylvaticae. Beak of the perigynium not more than as long as the body. 17. Debiles. Perigynia beakless or minutely beaked, finely many- striate; spikes erect or nearly so. 18. Griseae. Pistillate spikes small, few-many-flowered, mostly 6-25 mm. long (sometimes longer in No. 58). (See also Nos. 27, 38, 40, 41, 44, 49-51). Perigynia glabrous. ee Spikes many-flowered, 6-25 mm. long, usually a ense. : ? Pistillate spikes scattered, distant, long-stalked, or , ‘the two upper ones approximate and nearly sessile. 19. Granulares. Pistillate spikes approximate and nearly sessile at the CYPERACEAE. 1 top of: the. Scape,’ or ae lowest. ‘distant and atalked. j5 ° -, Perigynium with a stout 2. toothed beak; plants with glabroys foliage. ....20.- Extensae. Perigynium with a short entire beak or beakless ; plants with pubescent foliage. 21. Pallescentes. Pistillate spikes few: geverail- flowered, often loose. Leaf-blades 2-36 mm. wide ; bracts leaf- -like, " usually large. ac ee auely -many-striate "28. Oligocarpae. Perigynia with few or many, mostly strong ; .) nerves. naa 23. Laxiflorae. Leaf- blades and stems mostly capillary; bracts ‘ ‘mere bladeless sheaths. 24, Digitatae. Perigynia pubescent. Bracts mainly ‘reduced to purple, bladeless sheaths. -°).. 25. Pedunculatae. Bracts various, not sheathing. Perigynia mostly rounded. 26. Montanae. (.sFengynis arco 3- angled 2 27. Triquetrae. * * Spike solitary, soietinies eeiona. ‘ : 3 oe . Seales of the spikes elongated, leaf-like. 28. Phyllostachyae. Scales of ‘the. spikes short, normal. . 29. Leptocephalae. B. Staminate flowors ‘fom, at the summits or bases of the always sessile spikes or sometimes forming whole spikes, or variously intermixed with the pistillate; stigmas always 2; achene lenticular, compressed, ellipsoid‘ or plano-convex. VIGNEA. Staminate flowers at the summit of the spike. sta Spike solitary, terminal. 30. Dioicae. Spikes several, clustered. Spikes yellowish or brown at maturity, in compound or panicled clusters. . Perigynia strongly several- nerved, especially on the outer face. 31. Vulpinae. Perigynia nerveless or faintly nerved. 32. Afultiflorae. ‘Spikes green or greenish when noe aggregated or separated, in simple clusters. 33. Muhlenbergianae. Staminate flowers at the base of the apie, variously intermingled with the pistillate in the spikes, or occasionally forming whole spikes. Perigynia wingless, the inner :face flat. ~ 34. Elongatae, Perigynia with narrow or broad marginal wings, the inner face con- cave. ' 35. Ovales. 1. LUPULINAE. Pistillate-spikes ovoid or globose, few-many-flowered. : : Perigynia subulate, reflexed when mature. 1. C. Collinsii. Perigynia conic, or ovoid, not reflexed. Plants yellow or yellowish ; perigynia little inflated.- eK 2. C. folliculata. ‘Plants green;' perigynia much inflated; staminate spike stalked. Leaves. 4. 6 mm. wade heads loosely flowered. |. 8. C. intumescens. Leaves 6-10 mm. wide; heads ais bose? dense. vor ce 400, Asa-Grayi. Pistillate spikes oblong or | Ginae, densely many-flowered. Pistillate 5 aie oblong ; achene longer than thick. i 5. C. lupulina. 72 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Pistillate spikes cylindric; achene not longer than thick. Perigynia yellowish, tapering into a beak twice as long as the body. 6. C. lupuliformis. Params greenish-brown, abruptly narrowed into a beak 2-3 times as long as the body. 7. C. grandis. 2. VESICARIAE, Scales acute, acuminate or smooth-awned, or the lower slightly roughened. Perigynia ascending or spreading, not reflexed. Spikes narrowly cylindric, 2-15 cm. long, 6-8 mm. thick. Leaves 4-12 mm. wide; culm stout. 8. C. utriculata. Leaves 2-5 mm. wide; culm slender. 9. C. monile. Spikes cylindric or oblong yn ante, 2-5 em. long, 12 mm. thick. 10. C. bullata. Perigynia, at least the lower ones, reflexed at maturity. 11. C. retrorsa. Scales tapering into rough awns, or subulate and scabrous. 12. C. lurida. 3. PSEUDOCYPERINAE. Spikes all erect or ascending. ‘ 13. C. Schweinitzti. Spikes, at least the lower ones, slender- -stalked and drooping. | Pistillate Spikes oblong-cylindric, 1-5 em. long; perigynia reflexed. 14. C. hystricina, Pistillate spikes narrowly cylindric, 2.5-6 em. long; perigynia reflexed. 15. C. comosa. 4. SQUARROSAE. Scales linear- subulate, longer than the perigynia. 16. C. Frankii. Scales lanceolate, about one-half as long as the perigynia. 17. C. squarrosa. . 5, PALUDOSAE. Leaves bright green, not glaucous; teeth of the perigynium-beak slender, conspicuous. . 18. C. trichocarpa. Leaves pale green, glaucous; teeth of the perigynium-beak short. 19. C. riparia. 6. SHORTIANAE, : 20. C. Shortiana. 7. ANOMALAE, A ; 21. C. scabrata. 4 8. HIRTAE. Staminate spike or spikes sessile or nearly so. 22. C. vestita. Staminate spike or spikes distinctly stalked. ‘ Leaves glabrous; native species. Leaves flat or their margins slightly revolute. Seales only half as long as the perigynia. 23. C. Walteriand. Seales equalling or but slightly shorter than the perigynia. 24. C. lanuginosa. Leaves strongly BH ORIAG, 2 mm. wide or less. 25. C. filiformis. Leaves or their sheaths pubssoents beak long. 26. C. hirta. 9, ATRATAE, 27. C. fusca. CYPERACEAE. 73 10. RIGIDAE. Lower sheaths becoming very fibrillose; tufted bog species. 28, C. stricta. Lower sheaths not at all fibrillose, or slightly so. ad oe Culms 0.3-0.6 m. tall; scales acute or acuminate. 29. 0. Haydeni. Culms 0,.2-1.1 m. tall; scales obtuse or the lower acute. 6 Scales green. 30. C. aquatilis. © Scales purple or brown. 31. C. Goodenovit. 11. PRASINAB. Perigynia twisted toward the top; scales purple-brown. 32. « i . torta, Perigynia straight; scales green. 33. C. prasina. 12. PENDULINAE, Pistillate spikes narrowly cylindric. 34, C. littoralis. Pistillate spikes oblong or globose. 35. C. limosa. 13, CRYPTOCARPAE. g Perigynia obovoid, obtuse. 36. C. crinita. Perigynia oblong or elliptic, acute. 37. C. gynandra. . 14, VIRESCENTES, Perigynium densely pubescent. > & ' Pistillate spikes oblong-cylindric, 8-20 mm. long; perigynia oval or ovoid, few-nerved. / 38. C, virescens. Pistillate spikes narrowly cylindric, 12-36 mm. long; perigynia oblong, strongly several-nerved. _ 39. C. costellata. Perigynium nearly glabrous, at least when mature. Spikes 5-7 mm. thick; perigynia imbricated, flattened; top of achene not bent. 40. C. triceps. Spikes 4 mm. thick; perigynia not imbricated, swollen; top of achene bent, or tipped with a bent style. ' 41. C. Caroliniana. 15. GRACILLIMAE, Perigynia 2-4 mm. long, slightly swollen; spikes linear or linear-cylindric. Plants glabrous; perigynia obtuse. 42. C. gracillima. Sheaths pubescent; perigynia pointed at both ends. 43. C. aestivalis. Perigynia 4-5 mm. long, manifestly swollen; spikes. oblong or oblong- cylindric. 44, C. Davissi. oo 16. SYLVATICAE. 45. C. longirostris. 17, DEBILES. _ Perigynia membranous, few-nerved; pistillate spikes slender. Leaves 5-10 mm. wide; scales two-thirds as long as the perigynia. 46. C. arctata. Leaves 2-5 mm. wide; scales one-half:as long as the perigynia. 47. C. tenuis. Perigynia coriaceous, strongly many-nerved; pistillate spikes thicker. ' 4 48. C. oblita. 74 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA, ; 18. GRISEA. Leaves slightly glaucous or not, at all. ates <3 Pistillate spikes dense, usually many- flowered ; leaves 4-6 mm. wide, spreading, soft. 49. C. grisea. Pistillate . spikes lopealy sovevall: flowered; leaves 2-4 mm. wide, mostly erect and rigid. _. 50. C. amphibola. Plant very glaucous all over. 51. C. glaucodea. 19. GRANULARES. Perigynia 2-3 mm. long. 52. C. granularis. Perigynia 1-1.5 mm. long. . 53. C. Shrivert. che ee 8 t aot Pe ee 20. EXTENSAE. s 54, C. flava. = 21, PALLESCENTES. ‘ 55. C. pallescens. a 22. OLIGOCARPAE. Sheaths glabrous. Perigynia narrowed at both ends, beakless. 56. C. conoidea. Perigynia with a short entire beak. 57. C. oligocarpa. Sheaths pubescent. 58.. C.. Hiteheockiana. 23. LAXTELORAE, Plants not at all glaucous, or very slightly ae Beak of the perigynium straight, slender. =—«-_59. C._ polymorpha. ‘Béak of the perigyziuin bent, short dr none. * — Leaves mostly narrow,. 2. -12 mm. wide., ‘Seales, at least the upper, obtuse, ' Brats elongated ; , spikes loosely flowered; culms slender. 60. C. tetanica. Bracts short; ‘spikes densely flowered; culms stout. 61. Cc. Meadii, 'Seiles acute, cuspidate, acuminate, or awned. Perigynia obtusely 3-angled. : Perigynia obovoid, 2.5-3 mm. long. iy yo 62. C. laxiflora. Perigynia oblong, narrow, about 4 mm. long. : . Perigynia narrowly oblong, 4-5 mm. long, the beak oblique. ' 63. C. styloflexa, Perigynia elliptic, 3-4'mm. long, the beak nearly straight. 64. C. striatula. Perigynia sharply 3-angled. 65. C. digitalis. Leaves broad, 12-36 mm. wide. Bracts leafy, the upper usually overtopping the spikes. 66. C. Albursina. Bracts mostly reduced to purple, leafless sheaths. 67. C. plantaginea, Plants distinctly glaucous. . Pistillate spikes drooping on hair-like stalks. 68. C. hamboactartte. Pistillate spikes erect. : Basal leaves, much ou ger than the culm. 69. C. piychocarpa, Basal, leavesishorter than the culm or equalling it. Leaves 19-25 mm. wide. 79. C. platyphylla. Leaves 2-4 mm. wide. 71. C. livida. 24, DIGITATAE. 72. C. setifolia. CYPERACEAE, 5 25. PEDUNCULATAE. 73. C., peduncylata. aa 26, MONTANAE. » a os : Plant not stoloniferaus. 74. C. pedicellata. Plants stoloniferous, the stolons sometimes short. re Culms, or some of them, longer than the leaves. Staminate spikes conspicuous, mostly over 6 mm. long. \ Plant dark green; staminate spike very prominent; . perigynia Do broadly :oval. 75. C. Pennsylvantca; ; Plant light green; Brac naEs spike shorter ; perigynia, oblong. 76. C. varia. aes Staminate. spikes inconspicuous, mostly less than ,6, mm. long. 17. o. albicans. Culms,.or most of: them,, much shorter than the leaves, Bealesilight green with purple mangtia perigynia oblong. ots yi boued os 78, C.: naigromarginata. Scales. ‘green with lighter searious margins; perigymia oval. Lh wie, wos i 79. C. . umbellata.. 27. TRIQUETRAE, Oy eR 80. C. pubescens. Dy 28. PHYLLOSTACHYAE. eats satay tag Body a the. perigynium oblong, ‘its peak flattened. 81. on whan Body of the perigynium globose, its beak subulate. 82. C. Jamesit. 29. LEPTOCHRHALAS, - fit 83. C. leptalea. 80. DIOTCAB, ale . 84. 'C. exilis. : .», 81. WULPINAE.., Bank of the perigynium sinnitan than the body. 85. C. conjuncta. Beak of the perigynium equalling or longer than’ the ody aT ‘ » 86. C. stipata. : 7 32. MULTIFLORAE. Leaves 2 mm. wide or:less.,. . Perigynia 3-5 mm. long. 87. C. teretiuscula. Perigynia 2-3 mm. long, ; 88. C. alopecoidea. Leaves 2-6 mm. wide. Leaves as long as the culm or longer. 89. C. vulpinoidea, Leaves shorter than the culm. 90. C. xanthocarpa. 33. MUHLENBERGIANAE. Spikes separated or the upper close together ; ; perigynia mostly radiating or reflexed. Leaves 1-3 mm. wide. Perigynia’ stellately radiating. 91. C. rosea. Perigynia reffexed when mature. 92. C. retroflexa, ’ Leaves 5-9 mm. wide. i ‘ ' 98. C. sparganioides. Spikes all aggregated or the lower. separated ; perigynia spreading or ascend- Leaf blades relatively thin and i 4-8 mm. wide. fais Py iP aa 94. C. cephaloidea. Leaf- ‘ilades relatively, stiff, 1-4 mm. wide. 'Perigynia 2 mm. long or less, nerveless or faintly few- nerved. 95. 0. cephalophora. Perigynia 3 mm. long, strongly-nerved. 96. C. Muhlendergii. 76 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 34. ELONGATAE.., Perigynia radiately spreading, or reflexed when old. Perigynia distinctly nerved on both faces, the beak rough. _Perigynia lanceolate; beak more than half as long as the body. = 97. -C. sterilis. Perigynia ovate; beak about one-third as long as ‘the body, abrupt. 98. C. Atlantica. . Perigynia faintly nerved on the ‘outer ' face, nerveless or nearly so on the inner; beak smoothish. : 99. CO. interior. Perigynia ascending, appressed or poniewr nit spreading when old, not radiating. Perigynia ovate, oval, oblong or elliptic. ‘Bracts short, seale-like or none, the lowest occasionally longer than ‘the spike. Heads silvery green or nearly white. 100. C. canescens. Heads brown or brownish. ' 101. :C. brunnescens, Braets bristle-form, much elongated, much exceeding the 2-4 oblong nerved perigynia. © ' 102. C. trisperma. Perigynia lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate. 103. C. bromoides. 35. OVALES. Perigynia lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 2-5 times as long as wide. Perigynia, broadly winged ; staminate flowers intermixed with the pis- tillate. ' 104. C. siccata, Perigynia narrowly winged; staminate flowers all basal. Spikes oblong or oval; perigynia ascending or erect. Spikes green-brown, blunt. 105. C. tribuloides. Spikes bright Bena pentiedy 3 perigynia lanceolate. 106. C. scoparia. Spikes subglobose ; perigynia spreading, at least when old. 107. C. cristatella. a Lea not more than twice as long as wide (longer in some forms 0 abe Perigynia narrowly winged above; heads greenish-brown, 108. C. adusta. Perigynia broadly wing-margined. . Perigynia spreading or ascending. Spikes silvery green. 109. C. foenea. _ Spikes yellowish-brown or greenish. 110. C. straminea. ‘Perigynia erect or appressed. ca: a, : “Heads silvery green or nearly white; sea-beach species. a 111. C. siltcea.- Heads brown-green; meadow or marsh species. i ‘112. C. tenera. Perigynia orbicular, very broadly ovate or somewhat obovate, sometimes wider than long. Heads green-brown. . Perigynia spreading or ascending; achene sessile.’ 113, C. festucacea, Perigynia ere, 4-5 mm. broad; achene. short-stalked. ‘ 114. C..alata. Heads silvery eres, yellowish o or whitish, 115. C. eee Carex CoLLinsi Nutt. M. p. 191. ‘Bogs. Summer. Chester—(P.). ; Burlington — Stafford Forge (St.), ‘Browe “Mills (Te.). Camden — Griffith’s Swamp, Mart. (B. C.), Cedar Brook’ (Cr) (Ke. ), Gloucester (Sa.), Atco (Te. ) , Clementon, Lindenwold (VP.). Gloucester — Near Malaga (C.), near Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.), Washington Park CYPERACEAE. 17 (VP.). Atlantic—Absecon, Hammonton (Wn.). Ocean—Forked River (Gr.), Toms River (Te.). Mercer—Trenton (C.). 2. CAREX FOLLICULATA L. M. p. 191. Swamps and wet meadows. Summer. 3. 4. CAREX INTUMESCENS Badge. M. p. 191. Swamps, bogs, and wet woods. / ‘Summer. _ ; : ae Carex Asa-Gravi Bailey. M. p.191. Swamps and wet meadows. Sum- mer. ‘ Delaware—Near Castle Rock (Ja.), near Ridley Creek, West Chester Road (VP.). Gloucester —Swedesboro (Li.). Cape Mdy—Goshen (He.). Atlantic— Egg Harbor, Dr. J. B. Brinton (He.). Hunterdon—Bull’s Island (Br.). . CAREX LUPULINA Muhl. M. Pp. 192. Swamps and wet ‘pastures. Summer. . CAREX LUPULIFORMIS Sartwell. M. p. 192. Swamps. Summer. ’ Bucks — Nockamixon (Cr.), Rock ‘Hill, ‘Bristol (Fr.). Montgom- ery—¥Yort Washington (VP.). Delaware—Palmer’s Mill, Upper Provi- dence (B. Sm.). Lehigh—Lehigh (Kr.). Northampton—(P.). < New Castle—Newark, Canby; Townsend, Commons. ‘ . CAREX GRANDIS Bailey. M. p. 192. Swamps. Summer. New Castle—Townsend, Canby and Tatnall. . CAREX UTRICULATA Boott. M. p. 194. Marshes. Summer. Bucks— Quakertown, Mart. (B. C: *); ; Penn Valley’ (Cr.) (Fr. ). Camden—Kaighn’s Point (C.). New ‘Castle—Harmony Mills. . CAREX MONILE Tuckerm. M. p. 194, ' Marshes and wet meadows. Sum- mer. Bucks—BSellersville (Fr.) (Ja.), Narrowsville (Li.). Delaware—Tini- cum, A. H. Smith (B. Sm.) (St.). Chester—(P.). Laneaster—(P.). Hunterdon—Kingwood (C.). 3 ‘New Castle— Brandywine,’ ete.; ; Townsend and Farnhurst, Commons. 10. Carex BULLATA Schk. M. p. 194. Swamps. Summer. 11, Carex RETRORSA Schwein. M. p. 194. Swamps and wet meadows. Summer. Bucks—(P.). 12. Carex LURIDA Wahl. M. p. 194, Swamps | and wet meadows. Summer. 12a. CaREX LURIDA FLACCIDA Raley M.p. 195. Swamps and wet meadows. __ Spring. _ Bucks— —Argus (Fr.).. 120. CAREX LURIDA PARVULA | (Paine) Bailey. M. p- “195. _,, Bucks—Argus (Fr.). 13. Carex SCHWEINITZIL Dewey: M. p. “195. Swamps ‘and bogs. Summer. New Castle—Thompson’s, Brakely. 14. CaREX HysTRIcINA, Muhl. M. p. 195. Swamps - low meadows. Summer. ede 15. Carex comosa Boott. M. p. 195. Swamps. Summer. 16. Carex FRANKII Kunth. M. p. 196. Swamps and wet meadows. Sum: "mer. | Chester—(P.). Lancaster—York Furnace (Cr.). 78 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 17, Carex squarRosa L. M. p..196... Swamps and bogs. Summer. .. , 18. Cenex TRICHOCARPA Muhl. M. p. 196. Marshes and wet meadows. ’ Summer. . Bucks — Penn Valley a 5 Sellersville (Fr. ) » Ne ncuron (ie. ). "Deleuiarers —Hey’s Dam, Upper Darby, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu, ) ie Castle Rock CYP.). Lancaster—Laneaster, Porter (B..C. ). Northamyton— (P.). Camden—Cedar Brook (Cr.). ane 19, Carex rIPaRia Curtis. M. p. 197.. Swamps,,, Summer. ... Philadelphia—(P.). Bucks—Argus (Cr.), near Quakertown (Fr). Delaware—Tinicum, A. H. Smith (Fu.) (St.), Wawa (Ja.).; : Gloucester—River swamps along Delaware (C.), Repaupo,(Ja.). Salem om Near Salem, near Woodstown (He.). Qcean— Manchester (C.). New Castle— —Holly Oak, Candy 5 ; Delaware Tunetion, Commons. 20. CAREX Swowneans Dewey., M. p.: ‘197. Mois, rentanvs and: thickets. Early summer. Lancaster—Conewago (P.). - ‘ Say 21. CaREX scaBRATA Schwein.' M. ‘p. 197. ‘Woods and thickets. Summer. Philadelphia— Wissahickon (P.). » \Bucks—Springfield (Fr.). ...Dela- ware—Tinicum (Le.), near Media, (Bj Sm.), Crum Creek (St.), Castle Rock (VP.). Chester—(P.).. ee, Berks—Hamburg (He.) (Ke.) (Li.). Northampton—(P.). | Hunterdon—Milford, Rosemont (C. ). New Castle—Centerville, Commons; opposite, Twadell ’s, Canby. 22... CAREX, VESTITA Willd. M. p. 198. Sandy woods,, Summer, Bucks—Penn Valley (Cr.), Sellersville (Fr.), Bristol (P. ). Delaware— _Tinicum (Fu.) (Sa.) (St,), near Chester, Rhoads’ Swamp, Marple (Fu.) (B. Sm.). Laneaster—Smithville (P.). Northampton—Pen Argyl (P.). Camden—Fast Camden (Te.), Haddonfield, Lindenwold (VP.). ,Glou- cester — Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.), Washington, Park (VP.). Atlantic—Egg Harbor (B. Sm.). Hunterdon—Sergeantsville, Rosemont (C.). 0, Bo a oo New Castls—Hatmony, Tatnall; “Townsend, Canby. 23. Carex WALTERIANA Bailey. M. p. 198. Pine-barren swamps. ,.Early summer. _ ; Montgomery—Shannonville (Cr. ). Delaware—Tinicum (Fu, ). Burlington—Quaker Bridge (He.), Speedwell “(8t.). " Camden—Cedar Brook (Ke.), Berlin (Te.), Clementon (VP.). Gloucester — - Williamstown (He.). Atlantic—Hammonton (Fr.), Egg Harbor (He.),’ May ’s Land- ing (Li.). Oceai—Manchester, New Egypt (C. ),'Toms River’ (Ke:).':: 24. _CaREX LANUGINOSA Michz. M. Pp 198, Swamps and wet Yieadows. “Summer. -" « By alah 8 ao Bucks—Sellersville (Fr.). Detiuidve—Bhonds’ ‘Swamp, C. E: ‘Smith (Fu.). Chester—(P.). ° Lancaster—(P.). Berks—(P.). - Gloucester—Near Mickleton (He.). Monmouth—Squan: (C.). New Castle—Brakely, frequent. . - Ato? geal ‘95, CAREX FILIFORMIS L. M. p. 198. Wet meadows and swamps. Summer. Bucks—Tullytown (Fr.). Delaware— uae ene, Marple, C. E, Pe ae a gt wy eh © C¥YPERACEAR. 79 Smith (Fu.) -(B. Snt.). Laneaster—Christiana (8t.). | Berks—Hamburg (Li.). a a New Castle—Thompson’s, Brakely, Farnhurst; Cammnions. 26. Carex HirtA L. M. p. 198: Ballast. Summer... a, ot ee Philadelphia— Greenwich: Point. (Te. )» Camden— Camden (Ja.) (He.), -,, ot 27. Carex rusca All. M, P. 200., Bogs. Early summer. Bucks—Bedminster, I. 8. Moyer (B. ©.), Tullytown (Cr.), Sellersville (Fr.), Nockamixon (He.) (Li:). Lancaster—(P.). Lehigh—(P.). > "New Castle— Farnhurst, Canby. 28, Carex stricta Lam. M. p. 200. Swamps, Summer. 28a. CaREx STRICTA ANGUSTANA (Boott.) Bailey. M. p. 200. Swamps. ‘Summer. me ke - ee Bicknell (Fr. ke Lancaster—(P.). Northampton —(B). sume yet 29, CAREX HayDENI oor M. p. 200. Swamps. Summer. : Bucks—Sellersville (Fr.). ‘ $0, CAREX AQUATILIS Wahl. M. p. 200. Swamps and along streams. Sum- mer. Delaware—(P.). a Camden—Camden (C.). 31. Carex Goopenovi J. Gay. M. p.'201. Wet grounds. Summer. ’ Bucks—Penn Valley (Cr.). Delawaré—Lazaretto, C. F. Saunders (He.), Palmer ’s Mills, Upper Providence (B. 8m.), Tinieum (P). Lancaster— Christiana (St.). oo Biv el) 32. Carex TorTA Boott. M. p. 202. ' Marshes and wet, thickets. Summer. Bucks—Argus (Cr.), near Sellersville (Fr. ) Sc ‘Nockamixon (He.) (Li.). Delaware—Holland’s Bridge, Upper Providence, Dr. Geo. Smith; Hey’s Dam, Upper Darby, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.), Wawa (He.),:Palmer’s Mills; Upper Providence (B. Sm.), Castle Rock (VP.). Chester—(P.). Lan- caster—Lancaster (Kr.). Northampton (P.). ean New Castle—Allapokas, Beaver Run, Canby. 33. Carex PRASINA Wahl. M.'p. 202. Meadows and moist thickets, | Early i summer. : Philadelphia—Germantown (St.). Bucks—Springfield, Rock Hill (Fr.), Nockamixon (He.). Montgomery—Bryn Mawr (Te.). Delaware-—Wawa (Sa.). Chester—(P.). | Lancaster—Lancaster Crs Berks—(P.). Northampton—(P.). ee Gloucester Mullica. Hill (C.), near Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). New Castle—Frequent. 34, CAREX LITTORALIS Schwein. M. p. 202. Saber Early summer, Delaware—Tinicum (Sa.) (St.). ‘ Gloucester — Near Mickleton (He.). | Atlantie — Egg Harbor (Sa.). Ocean—Manehester (C.). ‘ hs New Castle—Townsend, Canby. 35. Carex Limosa L. M. p. 203. Bogs. .Summer. Bucks—Rock Hill (Cr.) (Fr.). 80 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. -» » Gloudcester—Repaupo (Cr.) (Li.), near .Mickleton (He.), ‘Swedesboro (Li.). New Castle—Thompson’s. ; 36. CaREx crInITA Lam. M. p. 203...Swamps and wet woods. Summer. i 37. CAREX GYNANDRA Schwein. M. p. 204. Swamps. Summer. Chester—(P.). Northampton— (P. ). : 88, CAREX VIRESCENS “Muhl. M. P 204. Dry woods and thickets. Summer. 39. CaREx COSTELLATA Britton... M. Pp: 204. “Woods. Summer. a Philadelphia—(P.). Bucks—Rock Hill. (Fy.). Delaware— Wawa, Dr. J. B. Brinton (He.), Crum Creek (St.). Chester—Whitford (Li.). Lan- caster — (P.). Northampton— Easton, ‘Porter (B, OCHOA Tt OD 40. CAREX TRICEPS Michx. M. p. 205. Woods, fields and swamps. Summer{| 41. CaREx CAROLINIANA Schwein. M. p. 205. Meadows. Summer. } Philadelphia—92d street marsh (St.), Wissahickon (VP.). Bucks— Narrowsville (Li.). Delaware—Rifle Range (Cr.), Pusey’s a A. H. Smith (Fu.) (B. Sm.), Crum Creek (St.). wy Gloucester—Timber Creek, C. A. Boice (B. C. 4 Mickleton (C.), Swedes- boro (Li.). 42. CAREX GRACILLIMA Schwein. M. p. 205. Moist woods and meadows. Summer. bP nil ep \ Philadelphia—Byberry, Mart. (B. C.). Bucks—Tullytown (Cr.), Sel- - Jersville, Rock Hill (Fr,), | Montgomery— (P.). Delaware—Darby Creek, Dr. Geo. Smith and A. H. Smith (Fu.), Wawa (Sa, ), Swarthmore (Te.), Lewis Mill, Crum Creek (VP.). Chester—Cheyney, Kennétt (St.). Lan- caster—(P.). Berks—(P.). Lehigh—(P.). ™ orthampton—Seiders- we A, 8. Bechdolt (B. C). ms , ,., New Castle— Frequent. 43. "Ci AESTIVALIS M. A, Gortian, M. a 205. Mountain woods.. .Summer. Chester—(P.).° ' New Castia.levaittipnttie Creek at State Line, Canby; Burris — Commons. 44. Carex Davisu Sieh & Torr. M. p. 206. Moist thickets and mead- ows. Early summer. Philadelphia—(P.). Bucks—Nockamixon.(Cr.). (Li.), near Pipersville (Fr.). Chester—(P.). Lancaster—(P.). Northampton—Easton, Porter (B. C.). 5 ; New Cisite-= Frequent. : 45, CAREX ‘LONGIROsTRIS: Torr, M.'p. 206.. Banks and moist thickets. Summer. . Bucks — Nockamixon. . Northampton — Easton. (Ca.), Pen Argyl (U. Cc. 8.). Hunterdon— Byram, Lambertville (C,). New Castle—Dupont’s, Brakely. 46. Carex arcrata Scott. M. p. 207. Dry woods and thickets. Spring. Bucks—Penn Valley (Cr.). Gloucester —Swedesboro (Li.). . CYPERACEAE. 81 47. CAREX TENUIS Rudge. M. p. 207. Woods. Summer. é Philadelphia — Byberry, Mart. (B. C.). Bucks — Quakertown (Fr.). Montgomery—Shannonville (Cr.), Walnut Hill (VP.). Delaware—Tini- eum, Dr. Geo. Smith ae a (B. 8m.) (S8t.). Chester—(P.). Lan- caster—(P.). ——— New Jersey—Frequent. New Castle—Frequent. 48. CAREX OBLITA Steud. M. p. 207... Bogs. Summer. Camden—Griffith’s Swamp, Mart. (B. C.), Grenloch: (He. ) » Clementon (VP.). Gloucester—Near Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.), Washing- ‘ton Park (VP.). Cape May—East Creek (C.). Atlantic—Absecon (C.), May’s Landing (Fr.). 49. CaREX GriseA Wahl. M. p. 207. Woods and thickets. Sumumier. | ie Philadelphia—Byberry, Mart. (B. C.); Germantown (St.), Old York » Road (Te.). .Bueks—Nockamixon (Gr.) (He.), near Sellersville (Fr.). Delaware—Haverford (Le.), Essington, Wawa (Sa.).:- Chester—Kennett (St.). "Lancaster — (P.). Northampton—Easton, Porter (B. ©.) (Ca.). ‘Burlington— Medford (St.). Gloucester—Near Mickleton (He.), Swedes- _ boro (Li.). New. Castle—Frequent. & 50. CAREX AMPHIBOLA Steud. M. ‘D. 207. ' Dry soil. Spring. Buoks—Near Sellersville (Fr.). Delaware—Tinicum (P.). New Castle—Greenbank. 51, Carex GLaucopga Tuckerm. M. p. 208. Open fields and meadows. Early summer. ~ 7 Bucks—Narrowsville, A. P. Garber (B. C.), Tullytown (Cr.), Argus, Rock Hill (Fr.). Montgomery— (P.). Delaware—Pusey ’s Wood (Fu. 3 - Chester—(P,). Lancaster—(P.). ‘Northampton—(P.). Camden—Haddonfield (C.), Gloucester—Near Woodbury, Almonesson, “tHe, Swedesboro (Li.). Salem—Riddleton (He.). Ocean—Horners- _ town (C.). New Castle—Holly Oak, Canby, 52, CAREX GRANULARIS Muhl. M. p. 208. Moist meadows. Early summer. Philadelphia—Byberry, Mart. (B..C.), Germantown (St.). Bucks— ' Tullytown, Rock Hill (Cr.), near Sellersville (Fr.). Delaware—Essing-. ton (Sa.), Marple (B. Sm.). Chester—Near West Chester (He.). Lan- caster—Lancaster (Kr.). Northampton— Easton, Porter (B.C.). : Burlington—Medford (St.). Camden—Grenloch (He.) (Li.). Glouces- ter—Swedesboro (Li.). : : New Castle—Frequent. . 63, Carmx Sourivari Britton. M. p. 208. Moist meadows. Summer. Northampton—Easton (P. ). < 54, Carex FLavA L. M. p. 208. Ballast. Summer. | Camden—Kaighn’s Point, C. F, Parker (B. C.). 55, CAREX PALLESCENS L. M. p. 209. Fields and meadows. Summer, “Bucks—Penn Valley (Cr.). Lehigh—Salsburg (Kr.). : _ Gloucester —Swedesboro (Li.). Ocean—New Egypt (0. ). “ey 82 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA, 56. CAREX CONOIDEA Schk:. M. p.:210.; Meadows. Spring.. .Philadelphia—Germantown (St.). Bucks—Quakertown (Cr. oo near Sel- lersville (Fr.), Nockamixon (He.) (Li.), Rock Hill, Dr. J. B. Brinton - (He.). | Delaware—Valley of Darby Creek (B..Sm.). Laneaster—Near Lancaster, Porter (B.C.). Berks—(P.). ™ enitanigion=: (P; )- Gloucester —Swedesboro (Li.). New Castle—Harmony, Tatnall; Ashland, Conmmanns 57. CAREX OLIGOCARPA Schk. M. p. 210.. Dry: woods and thickets. . Summer. Bucks —Harr’s Mill (Fr.).' Lancaster—(P.). Northampton—(P.). New Castle—Below Dupont ’s, Canby. 5 ‘ 58. Carex HircucocKiana Dewey. M. p. 210, Woods and thickets, Sum- mer. : "a Bucks-— Nockamixon (He.), Pencoyd (Te.). Lancaster — Lancaster, Porter (B. C.).. Northampton—Easton, Porter (B. C.) (€a.). 59. CAREX POLYMORPHA Muhl. M. p: 210.: Hemmpé and wet meadows. “Summer:: : : a: -E mS : ‘Buecks—Nockamixon: (He). Lancaster—(P.).! ay Camden—Cedar Brook (Cr.). Glotcester—Near Mickleton (He.)' (li. ). 60. CaREx TETANICA Schk. M. p, 210. Meadows, and wet woods. Summer. Bucks—Arxgus (Gn dy Belleraville ABs, de Ldneaster— (P ). N orthamp- ton—(P.). Rent a Hunterdon—Baptisttown CES a New Castle—Brandywine, ete. 61. CAREX Meapii Dewey. M.p. 211. Swamps and wet meadows, Summer. " Bucks— Argus (Cr.), Sellersville (Fr.).. Delaware—Pyle 8 Bridge, W M. Canby (B. 8m.). Lancaster— (P.). 62. CAREX LAXIFLORA;Lam.. M. p. 211. Meadows and. Eriokeds, Summer. 62a. CAREX LAXIFLORA BLANDA (Dewey) Boott. M. 'p. au Meadows and ’ thickets. Summer. | | Bucks—Sellersville (Fr.). Montgomery— (P.). Delaware— Wawa (Sa.). Chester—Whitford (Li.). Northampton —Baston, Porter (B. C. ). New Jersey—Common. i’ New Castle—Centerville, Commons. , 62b. CAREX LAXIFLORA’ VARIANS Bailey. M. p. 211. Meadows and thickets. Summer. aes Philadelphia—Shawmont (Sa.). | Bucks—Narrowsville (Li.)., Wawa, Dr. J. B. Brihton (He.). ' : ee a Gloucester—Swedesboro (Li). 62¢. CaREX PAXIFLORA PATULIFOLIA , engex? Carey. M. P. “al. Open “places. Summer. Bucks—Argus (Cr.). Delaware—Darby (BL Sm.). ' Laheaster—(P.). Northampton—(P.). es ee Gloucester—Mickleton ae Swedesboro (Li. ). 63, CAREX STYLOFLEXA Buckley, M. p. 211. Woods and thickets. Barly summer, Bucks — Near Sellersville (I*r.)/ Moritgomary — — ( b.). Delaware — 1, CYRERACEAL., 83 _jTinicum,, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.) (St.), Lancaster—(P.). Berks—(P,}. Northampton—(P.). : = t : Gloucester —Near Mickleton (He.). _ Hunterdon—Rosemont (C.). New Castle—Common. —- ier 64, Cinex STRIATULA : ciate. In. woods, meadows, and thickets. Lancaster—(P.). : : #9 65. Carex: piemaLis ‘Willd.:' M. p. 211. Woods and thiekets. . Harly f summer. : |. Philadelphia — Byberry, Mart. (B.'C.), Shawmont (S8a.), Old. York Road (Te.). Bucks—Argus (Cr.), Rock Hill (Fr.). Montgomery— (P.). Delaware — Darby, Upper Providence, Dr.. Geo. Smith (Fu.). Chester — (P.). Lancaster ~ Lancaster (Kr.). Northampton— Easton, Porter (B. C.). New Cast Je— Brandywine, Centerville, Comimons. 66, CaRnx ALBURSINA Sheldon. M.., p. 212. Woods. Summer. . | Bucks—Rock Hill (Fr.), Noekamixon (He.), Delaware—Wawa (Sa.), . Crum Creek ‘(St.).\: Lancaster— York Furnace -(St.). a eats Gloucester—Near Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). New Castle—Mount Cuba, Commons. 67. CAREX PLANTAGINEA Lam. M. p. 212. Woods.’ Early summer. Bucks—Narrowsville, fT. C.‘ Porter ce ), Plumstead (Fr.). Chester— Near Pleasantville (P.). oy 68, GAREX LAXIGULMIS Schwein. M, p..212. Woods and thickets. Spring, Philadelphia—Byberry, Mart. (B. C.), Old York Road, (Te.). Bucks Penn Valley (Cr.), Springfield, Rock Hill (Fr.). Montgomery—Bryn Mawr (Te.). Delaware—Hey’s Dam, Upper Darby, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.). Lancaster—(P.). Northampton— (P.). Hunterdon—Rosemont (€.)i =. .. S Ag ( 69. CAREX: PrycHocaRPA Steud. M.) p. 212. Moist woods and thickets. ‘y+ + Summer, 8 ‘ Bucks — Tullytown (Cr.). Bristol, Quakertown (Fr.). Delaware — Tinicum (Sa.), Crum Creek (8t.). ae Near. West Chester, Kennett (St.). ' ; _ Gloucester—Center Square, : Mickleton (ie, ) dweaatnors (Li.). si New Castle—Townsend, Canby; ee Swamp near Coochs Bridge, Commons and Tatnall. 70. OAREX PLATYPHYLLA Carey. M. p.i ‘a1. Woods and thickets. Spring, «" ‘Bucks — Plumstead (Fr.), Noekamixon (He.) (Ke.). Chester — Phoenixville; Dr. J. B. Brinton (He.). Laneaster—(P.). Northampton —Easton (Ca.). : Gloucester—Swedesboro (Li.). Somerset—Peapack (C.). Hunterdon . Lambertville (C.). . : : New Castle—Frequent. 71. ‘CAREX Liviba (Walil.) Willd. M.'p.‘212. Pine barrens. 'Summet. Burlington — Atsion (C. )) Bpesdrel (St. Dy. Camden — Ancora (He.) (Li.). Ooean—Manchester {C.). ah r ~~ 84 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 72, CAREX sETIFoLIA (Dewey) Britton. M. p. 213. Limestone’ rocks. Early summer. , ae ‘Northampton—Easton, Porter (B. C.). 73, CAREX PEDUNCULATA Muhl, M. p. 214, Dry andi Early summer. Bucks—Quakertown Moyer (P.). Lancaster— (P.). ‘ Berks—(P.). New Castle—Below High Bridge, Canby. 74, CAREX PEDICELLATA (Dewey) Britton. M. p. 214. Dry soil, Early summer. Philadelphia — (P.). Bucks — Durham (Fr.).. Lancaster —'(P.). Northampton—(P:). ga Hunterdon—Byram (C.). : i 7 75. CAREX PENNSYLVANICA Lam. M.'p. 214. Dry soil. Spring. 76. CaREX varia Muhl. M. p. 214, Dry soil. Early summer. » Philadelphia — Byberry, Mart. (B. ©.). Bucks — Argus, Tullytown (Cr.), Sellersville (Fr.). Montgomery—Bryn Mawr (Te). Delaware >Palmers Mills, Upper Providence (Fu.) (B. Sm.). Chester—Valley Forge (He.). Lancaster—Lancaster (Kr.). Berks—(P.). Northamp- ton—Easton, Porter (B. C.) (Ca). ne 8 New Jersey—Frequent. : oT ey ’ New Castle— Frequent. 77. CAREX ALBICANS Willd. M. p. 215. “Dry soit. se Bucks—Tullytown, Bicknell (Fr.). 78. CAREX NIGRO-MARGINATA ete M. ye an Dry soil. arly " summer. ‘Bucks =< Dindiam, : Ruth ©). * Montgomery — Willow Grove '(P.). ’ Northampton—(P.). New Jersey—Frequent. New Castle—Rockland, Richardsons Mill, Townsend, Commons. . 79. CAREX UMBELLATA Schk. M. p..215. Dry soil. Harly summer. Philadelphia—(P.). Bucks—Argus, Penn Valley (Cr.). Lancaster —(P.). Northampton—(P.). New Jersey—Common: New Castle—Brandywine, Canby; Centerville, Commons.: 80. CAREX PUBESCENS Muhl. M. p. 215. Woods and thickets. Summer. Philadelphia—Byberry, Mart. (B. C.), above Manayunk (He.), Shaw- mont (Sa.), Germantown (St.), Wissahickon (VP.).° Bucks—Argus, Tullytown (Cr.), 3-mile Run (Fr.). Montgomery—(P.). Delaware— - Valley. of Darby Creek (B. Sm.), Lewis, Mill, Crum Creek . (VP.). « Chester—(P.).. Lancaster-(P.). -Northampton— Easton, Porter, (B. C.). Gloucester—Swedesboro (Li.). Hunterdon—Rosemont (C.). New Castle—Brandywine ete. Frequent. 81. CarEX WILLDENOvII Schk. M. p. 216. Dry woods and _ thickets. Early summer. rob : Bucks—Rock Hill (Fr.). .Lancaster — Lancaster, Porter .(B. C.). Northampton— (P.). Gloucester — Woodbury (C.). Hunterdon — Rosemont (C.), Milford, Porter (Fu.). CYPERACEAE. 85 _,, New, Castle—Mount Cuba, Wilmington, Commons. 82. CAREX JAMEsn Schwein. M. p. 216. Dry woods and thickets, ‘Spring, : Montgomery—Betzwood (Cr.). Lancaster—Millersville, A. P.. Garber (B. C.). Dauphin—(P.). a 83, CAREX LEPTALEA Wahl. M. p. 217.’ Bogs and swamps. Summer. » Bucks—Rock Hill ‘(Fr.).| Delaware—(P.). Chester—(P.). Lanoas- ter—Christiana (St.). Berks— Hamburg (He.) (Ke.) (St.). North- l ia Porter (B. ©.). = ucester—Near Mickleton (He,)i New Castle—Frequent. 84, CAREX EXILIS ‘Dewey. M. p. BIT. Bogs. Summer. Lancaster —Lancaster (Kr). Burlington—Hanover, Pleasant Mills (C.). Gloucesier—Swedesboro (Li.). Atlantic— Absecon AC. ), Egg Harbor, Dr. J. B. Brinton (He.), Hammonton (S8a.). Ocean _ Manchester, Burrsville, Toms River (C.). Monmouth—Shark River (C.). 85, CAREX consuNcTA Boott. M. p. 219. Moist meadows and thickets. Summer. Philadelphia—Banks of Schuylkill (He.). 86. CaREX sTIPATA Muhl. M. p. 219. nN ‘and wet meadows. : Early summer. . , Philadelphia—Girard Point (Ke. 5 Germantenn (St.). Bucks—Near Sellersville (Fr,), Bonair (Sa.).. Montgomery— Willow Grove (U. 0. 8.). Delaware—Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.). :Chester—(P.). Lancaster —York Furnace (Cr.). Northampton—Easton, Porter (B. C.). New Jersey—Common. New, Castle—Common. 87. CAREX TERETIUSCULA Gooden. M. p. 219. Swamps and wet: meadows. Early summer. Gloucester —Near Mickleton (He.). 88, CAREX ALOPECOIDEA Tuckerm. M. p. 220. MMsadowar Lancaster —(P. )- 89. CAREX VULPINOIDEA Michz. M. p. 220. Swamps and wet meadows. Summer. . ; 90. CaREX, XANTHOCARPA Bicknell: M. p. 220. JFields.. Summer. Bucks—Argus (Fr.). 90a. CAREX XANTHOCARPA ANNECTENS Bicknell. M. p. 220. Fields. Summer. Bueks—Tullytown, Bicknell (Fr.). 91. aa RosEA Schk. M. p. 221. Woods and thickets. Early summer. 91a. CAREX ROSEA RADIATA Dewey. M. p. 221. Open places and woods. Early summer. ‘Philadelphia— Germantown (St.). Bucks—Argus, Penn Valley’ (Or, y, Sellersville (Fr.). ° Cliester— (P.). Lancaster—(P.). New Jersey—Conmmon. New Castle—Common. { 86 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 92. CAREX RETROFLEXA Muhl. M. p. 221. ‘Woods and thickets, Barly / +" summer, OL, * +s Bucks—-Rock Hill (Fr.).:Delaware—Upper Darby, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.), Crum Creek (St.). Lancaster—Lancaster, Porter (B.C.). North- ampton—Easton, Porter (B. C.). BE Bivieo e Bs Camden— Ancora. (Li.). Monmouth— —Squan (C.). _ Hunterdon-- Rose- mont (C.)., é , New Castle—Similar. situations as 0. rosea. Scarce. 93. CAREX SPARGANIOIDES Muhl. M. p. 222, Woods and. thickets... isecumier: Philadelphia—Shawmont (Sa.), Flat Rock. Dam (VP.). Bucks— Harrs Dam (Fr. ), Nockamixon (He.). Montgomery—Pencoyd (Te.). Delaware—Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm. ), Crum Creek (St.). ' Chester al (P.).. Lancaster — Lancaster (Kr. d- N orthampton — Easton, Porter GEOR ; Camden—Haddonfiela (St.). Gloucester —Swedesboro (Li.). New Castle—Mount Cuba (Ke.), Centerville, Commons. : wae | CAREX CEPHALOIDEA _ Dewey. M. p. 222, ae fields atid ‘on 1 ‘hills. : ‘Barly summer. ; Bucks—Rock Hill, Dr. J. B. Brinton (He.). Lancaster’ te). Lenton —Salsburg (Kr.). Northampton Easton, Porter (B. "Cs : oe Gloucester—Swedeshoro (Li.). 2) aed a ng Tg 95. CAREX CEPHALOPHORA vm M. p. 222, Dry fields: and ‘on hills. v:) Karly summer. eee apn te eel os Philadelphia—Byberry, Mart. (B. C.), Banks of Schuylkill’ (He.), ‘Ger- ‘' tmhantown (St.), Wissahickon (VP.). Bucks—Penn Valley (Cr.), near Sellersville, Rock Hill (Fr.). Montgomery—(P.). Delaware—Wawa (Sa.), Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.), Crum’ Creek (St.). Chéster— Westtown (St.), Paoli (Te.). Lehigh—Salsburg: (Kr.). Northampton (Pye, wae New Fenopy requents New Castle—Frequent. ats ie ! 96. CaREX MUHLENBERGII Schk. M.. p. 222, Dry fields and on hills. Early summer. . Philadelphia — Byberry, Mart. (B. C.). Sue ‘Near "Sellersville (Fr.). Chester—(P.). ‘Lancaster—Lanéaster (Kr.). Northampton— Kaston, Porter (B. C.). Camden—Griffitha ‘Swamp ‘(G.). Gloucester—Near Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). ._ New Castle—Frequent. «, ;; 96a, CaRExX MUHLENBERGI XALAPENSIS (Kunth.) Britton. M.p.222. Dry fields. Summer. Philadelphia —(P.). Bucks — Rock Hill, Point Pleasant (Fr.). es Porter (B. C.). Se — Rock Hill (Fr. ). " Montgomery - _ (P. ‘ * Detrare - Spring: field (B. Sm.). Chester— (P.). Lancaster—(P.). Berks—(P.). North- ampton—(P.). i New Jersey—Y¥requent. CYPERACEAE. 87 97a. UAREX STERILIS. CEPHALANTHA ‘Bailey. M.'p. 228. Moist soil. ial summer, , : Chester—(P.). Baneaster®.(89, thee Gloucester —Mickleton,, common (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). 98. CaREX ATLANTICA Bailey. M. p. 223. Swamps. Summer. Bucks—Tullytown (Fr.): : Burlington — Atsion, a Bridge (C.), Bear Swamp (St). Camden—Longacoming ' (C.), Ancora (He.). Glowcaster—Swedesboro (Li.). Atlantic—Mays Landing (Fr. He Hammonign (Sa.). Ocean— Toms River (C.). ‘ tae ‘99, CAREX INTERIOR Bailey. M. ‘p. 228. ‘Wet-soil. siiely summer. " Bucks — Rock' Hill, Argus (Fr.).' Delaware — (P.). Lancaster — Dillervile Swamp (P.). : 100, CaREX CANESCENS.’ L: M. p. 233. ‘Swamps and bogs. Early summer. Northampton— (P.).. = New Jersey—Common, , -.,. :)° New Castle—Blackbird, Commons. 10la. CAREX BRUNNESCUNS GRACILIOR Britton. M. p. 224. Wet a Summer. oot EBS ae: Gloucester — Swedesboro (Li.). — Atlantio— Eggi Harbor, gaan ton (Sa.). “aR apo het 102. CAREX: TRISPERMA Dewey. M. p. 225. Swamps ond wet woods. Summer. Camden — Spring’ Garden » 4. ), Cedar Brook (Cr.). Gloucester — ,, Malaga (C.). €ape, May—Dennisville: (C.)}. , Ocean—Manchester (C.). 103. CaREx BRoMoIDES Schk. M., p. 225. Bogs and oe Summer. “ Bucks — Quakertown (Cr.), near Sellersville (Fr.). Renter —(.)- Lancaster—(P.)., .Northampton—(P.). Gloucester—Repaupo (Ja.). Cumberland— tisautinenin, o 0. S.). ., Hunterdon—Rosemont. (C.). \ 104, Carex stccaTs Dewey. M. p. 226. i ‘fields ‘and on hills Harly sy summer, | Northampton—Bethlehem (P.). 105, CAREX TRIBULOIDES Wahl. M. p. 226. Meadows. Summer. Philadelphia — Byberry, Mart. (B. C.). Bucks — Sellersville (Fr.). | Delaware—Tinieum (St.). Chester—(P.). Lancaster Lancaster (Kr.). Berks--Hamburg (He.). Northampton— (P.). vate Camden—Camden (C.), Gloucester (Sa.). Gloucester—Mickleton, Mul- lica Hill (He.), Repaupo _ a. my § Brweilesboro oe New: Castle—Common, « 105a. CaREX TRIBULOIDES BEBBII sai M. p. 226. Range of" type. Summer. : a. Bucks—Sellersville ies 106. CAREX SCOPARIA Schk. “ME. p. 226. Moist ‘soil. Summer. 107. CaREx CRISTATELLA Britton, M. p. DT aw Meadows and thickets. — Summer... | a 88 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Bucks—Near Sellersville (Fr.). Delaware—Marple (B. Sm.). Lan- caster—(P.). Berks—Hamburg (He.). Northampton—(P.). New Castle—Harmony, Ashland, Canby. 108. Carex apusta Boott. M. p. 227. Dry soil. Summer. Philadelphia—Andalusia. Lancaster—Lancaster (Kr.). Gloucester—Swedesboro (Li). Hunterdon—Rosemont (C.). 109. CaREX FOENEA Willd. M. p. 227. Dry woods and on rocks. Summer. _ Bucks — Penn Valley (Cr.), Tullytown (Cr.). Delaware — Tinicum (Sa.). Chester—(P.). Northampton— (P.). Gloucester—Near Mickleton (He.). New Castle—Townsend, Collins, Wills Rock, ete. 109a, CAREX FOENEA PERPLEXA Bailey. M. p. 227. Dry woods and on rocks. Summer. _Lancaster—York Furnace. (Cr.). Northampton—(P.). 210. CAREX STRAMINEA Willd. M. p. 227. Dry fields, Summer. 110a. CAREX STRAMINEA MIRABILIS (Dewey) Tuckerm. M. p. 227. Dry fields. Summer. ‘Gloucester—Near Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro, (Li.). 111. Carex sinicea Olney. M. p. 227. Sands of the sea-coasts. Summer. New Jersey—Frequent. 112, CarEx TENERA Dewey. M. p. 227. Wet soil. Spring. Bucks — Quakertown, Mart. (B. C.), Sellersville, Tullytown (Fr.). Delaware—(P.). Northampton—Easton (Ca.). Burlington—Quaker Bridge. Cape May—Wildwood (He.). 112a. CaREX TENERA INVISA (W. ce Britton, M. p. 228. Swales - near the seacoast. Delaware—Glenolden, Dr. J. B. Brinton (P.). 113. CarEx FrsTucacEa Willd. M. p. 228. Dry or moist soil. Early summer. Philadelphia—Byberry, Mart. (B. C.). Bucks—Point Pleasant, Penn Valley (Fr.). Delaware—Tinieum (St.). Northampton—(P.). ‘ Gloucester—Swedesboro (Li.). Cape May—Avalon, Dr. J. B. Brinton (He.). New Castle— Frequent. 114, Carex anata Torr. M. p. 228. Moist soil. Spring. Bucks—Bristol, Tullytown (Fr.). Montgomery—(P.). q Camden—Grenloch (He.). Gloucester—Swedesboro (Li.). Cape May —Holly Beach, Cape May (He.), Wildwood (Ja.) (Li.). Atlantic— Atlantic City (C.). 115. CAREX ALBOLUTESCENS Schwein. M. p. 228. Wet soil. Early summer. Bucks—Nockamixon (He.). New Jersey—Frequent. ‘ Order 4. ARALES. Intlorescence a fleshy spadix, Fam. 1. Araceae. Inflorescence a few or solitary flowers on margin or back of minute thallus. \ Fam. 2, Lemnaceae. . ARACEAE. 89 Family 1. ARACEAE Neck. Arum Family. Flowers without a perianth. Flowers monecious or diccious, borne at the base ‘of the spadix. 1. Arisaema. Flowers monecious, covering the whole spadix. 2. Peltandra. Flowers with a perianth. Spadix enclosed in a shell-like fleshy spathe. ; : 8, Spathyema,. Spadix naked, terminating the scape. . 4. Orontium. Spadix naked, borne at the base of a leaf-like spathe. 5. Acorus. , 1. ARISAEMA Mart. one ' Spathe hooded, open at the throat, enclosing: the spadix. : ~ Hood of spathe striped; spadix stout, club-shaped. 1. A. triphyllum- Hood of spathe deep brown to black; spadix slender, ‘cylindric. 2..4. pusillum. Spathe convolute; summit of the spadix exserted. 3. A. Dracontium. 1. ARISAEMA TRIPHYLLUM (L) Torr. Jack-in- ae apt, Indian Turnip. ; M. p. 229. Rich woods. Spring, 2, ARISAEMA PUSILLUM Peck. M. p. 229. . Shaded bogs. Spring. Montgomery—Flat Rock (Br.). eRe oe ee Lous ‘Lan- caster—Christiana (St.). i Burlington—Medford (Br.). Camden—Clementon (Br. )," Haddonfield (St.). Gloucester — Tomlin (St.). Ces —E Dine Pleasant (Wn.). 3. ARISAEMA ‘DRACONTIUM (L.) Schott. Green Dragon, Dragon- root. M. p. 230. Wet woods and along streams. Spring. Philadelphia— Below Schuylkill, Mart. (B. C.), Chews Woods, (Je.), Robinson Knoll (Te.). Bucks—Sellersville (Fr.), Neshaminy (Re.). Montgomery—Perkiomen (Cr.), Sumneytown’ (Ke.), Ivy Rock (Wn.). Delaware—Ridley and Crum Creeks, Darby (Fu. Ds, Lansdowne (He.) ' (Pe.) (Wn.), Haverford College (Le.), Swarthmore (Pe.) (Sa.) (Wa. ) Media (Sa.), Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.), Chester (W. Tr.). Ches- ter2-Chester Valley near Malvern; Valley Forge’ (Le.).' Lehigh—Low- lands, Coplay (Kr.). Dauphin—Steelton (Wn.). Burlington — Bordentown (C.). Camden — Haddonfield (C.). Hun- terdon—Holland Station, Ridge Island, High Bridge (C.). New Castle—Mouut Cuba (Ha.) Ais ), Wilmington (Wn. ), near Granogue, Red: Clay Creek, ete. 9° 2, PELTANDRA Raf. 1, Pettanpra Vireinica (L.) Kuntze. Arrow Arum. M. p. 230. soa and shallow water. Early summer. 3. SPATHYEMA Raf. 1. SPaTHYEMA ForTIDA (L.) Raf. Skunk Cabbage. M. p. 231. Bogs or moist ground. Early spring. 4, ORONTIUM L. 1, OnonTiuM aquaticum L. Golden Club. M. p. 231... Swamps and ponds.. Spring. Philadelphia—Byberry, Mart. (B. C.), Neck (Cr.), Holmesburg Junc- * tion (Ws.)." Bucks—Rock Hill (Fr.), Sellersville (Wn.). Montgomery —Sumneytown (VP.). Delaware—Tinicum, Dr., Geo. Smith (B. Sm.), %) FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Chester (W. Tr.). Chester—(P.). Lancaster—(P.). Lehigh—Sals- burg, Jordan (Kr.). Northampton—(P.). New Jersey and New Castié—Frequent. 5. ACORUS L. 3: Acorus CaLamus L! Sweet Flag. Calamus. M. p. 231. Swamps and along streams. Summer. Family 2. LEMNACEAE Dumort. Duckweed Family. ‘Thallus with one root: or several. Roots: several: 1. Spirodela. Root solitary. 2. Lemna. Thallus' rootless, 3. Wolffia. 1, SPIRODELA Schleid. 1} SPIRODELA POLYRHIZA (L.) Schleid. M. p. 232. Ponds and pools. Summer. 2. LEMNA L. DvucK-WEED. ‘Phalli long-stipitate. lL. ZL. trisutca. Thalli short-stipitate or sessile. Spathe open, 2. L. perpusilia. Spathe’ sac-like. 3. DL. minor. Y, Lemna tTrisutcaA L. M. p. 232. Ponds and springy places. Summer. Philadelphia—Franktord, Jesse Burk (B. C.). Bucks—In shallow pond in Trap Rock Region (Fr.). Chester—(P.).. Lancaster—(P.). Northampton— (P.): 2. LEMNa PERPUSILLA Torr. M. p. 232. Ponds and springs. Summer. Northampton—(P.). New Castle—Ditches near Edgemoor, New Castle, Commons (now extinct there). 3. LeMNA minor L. M. p. 233. Stagnant water. Summer. - 3. WOLFFIA Horkel. . WoLFria COLUMBIANA Karst. M. p. 234. Floating beneath the surface of stagnant water. Summer. Philadelphia—Neck (Cr.). Bucks—Tullytown (Cr.). Camden—Kaighn’s Point (C.). Salem—Jumbo Station (He.), W. of Pedricktown (Li.). New Castle—Ditches and Canal Coves. Order 5. XYRIDALES. Ovary 1-celled. Erect-seapose rush-like herbs; flowers in terminal at heads or spikes: Fam. 1. Xyridaceue. Mud or aquatic herbs, the flowers subtended by spathes (Heteranthera in Pontederiaceae). Ovary 2-3-celled. Flowers very small, densely capitate, monecious or dicecious. Fam. 2.: | Eriocaulaceae. Flowers perfect. Perianth of 2 series of parts, the outer trepal’) green, the inner (petals) colored. Fam. 3. Commelinaceae. Perianth 6-parted. Fam. 4. Pontederiaceae. ERIOCAULACEAE. ot Family 1. XYRIDACEAE Lindl. Yellow-eyed Grass Family. 1, XYRIS L. YELLOW-EYED GRASS. Lateral sepals wingless, the keel fringed. with short hairs. 1, X. fleauosa. Lateral sepals winged, the keel fimbriate or lacerate. Scapes not bulbous-thickened at the base; leaves flat or but slightly twisted. Lateral sepals about as long as the bracts, their keels lacerate. , Caroliniana. Lateral sepals longer than the bracts, their keels ‘long-fimbriate. 3. X. fimbriata. Scapes conspicuously pulbous-thickened at the base; leaves spirally twisted. . 4, X, conocephala. 1. Xyris FLEXvOSA Muhl. M. p. 235. Boga, Summer. 2. XYRIS CAROLINIANA Walt. M. p. 236. Swamps and bogs. Summer. Philadelphia. — Wissahickon, (Me. ye, Delaware — Tinicum, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.), (B. Sm.). Chester — Coatesville, H. EB. Stone (B. Cc. )- Lancaster—(P.). ' ‘ ' Burlington—Atsion (Fr.). Camden—Camden, Mart. (B. C.), Atco (Fr.), Cedar Brook (Ja.). Gloucester— Mickleton (He. ), Repaupo (Ja.), Tomlin (Ke.), Swedesboro (Li.). Cape May— Cape May (Te.). Atlantic—Egg Harbor (Sa.) (Wn.). Ocean—Forked River (Le.) (Maze.). New Castle—Thompsons, Ogletown, ete. 3. Xyris rimprrata Ell. M. p. 236. Wet pine barrens. Summer. Burlington— Quaker Bridge, . E. Diffenbaugh (B. C.) (Pu.) Atsion, Jackson (C.). Gloucester—Paulsboro (Ja.), Repaupo (Li.). 3 1. ABAMA AmurIcANa (Ker.) Morong. Bog-Asphodel. M. p. 255. Pine- barren swamps. Summer. Burlington—Atsion, C. F. Parker (B. C.), Batsto, Mullica River (C.), Quaker Bridge, Jones’ Mill (St.). _, Gloucester—Woodbury (C.). ‘Atlan- tic—Pleasant Mills (C.). Ocewn— Forked River, Barnegat, Toms River (C.). Reet New Castle—Railroad side, were Commons and Tatnall. 2. seyret Michx. 1, XEROPHYLLUM ASPHODELOIDES (L.). Nutt Turkey-Beard. M. p. 256. Pine-barrens. Spring. New Jersey—Frequent. 98 1. 1. FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA, 3. HELONIAS L. HELONIAS BULLATA L. Swamp Pink. M. p. 256. Bogs. Spring. Burlington — Medford (Re.). Camden — Cedar Brook (Cr.) (He.) (Mae.), Clementon (Je.) (Re.) (Sa.), Gloucester (Sa.), Haddonfield (U.. c. 8. ), Berlin (Te.), Lucaston (VP.). Gloucester—Red Bank, E. Diffen- baugh (B. C.), Wenonah (Gi.), Mickleton | (He. ), Washington Park (Ja.),. Westville (Re.) (Wn.). Salem—Daretown, Berkley (Wa.). Cumber- land — Millville (Ke.). Mercer — Princeton Junction (C.), Princeton (Te.). Monmouth—Freehold (C.). Ocean—Manchester, Collier’s Mills (C.). Middlesexc—South Amboy (C.). New Castle — Near Wilmington (Le.), Peach’s, Tatnall; Farnhurst,. Purgatory Swamp near Cooch’s, Commons and Tatnall, rare. 4, CHAMAELIRIUM Willd. . CHAMAELIRIUM LUTEUM (L.) A. Gray. Devil’s Bit. M. p. 256. Low ground. Spring. Philadelphia—Byberry, Mart. (B. C.), Wissahickon (Je.) (Re.), Ger- mantown Lane (Me.), Old York Road, Cobb’s Creek, Sellers’ Mill (Te.). Bucks—Plumsteadville (Fr.), Bycot (Ja.). Montgomery—Shannonville (Cr.), Ivy Rock (Wn.). Delaware — Cheyney (Gi.), Williamson, Dr. Emily G. ‘Hunt (He.), Wawa (Ja.), Burmont (Pe.), Swarthmore (Pr.), near Darby, Media (Sa.), barrens of ‘Middletown (B. 8m.), Kellyville, Greenwood near Media (Te.), Concord (W. Tr.), Castle Rock (VP.), Wallingford, Chad’s Ford (Wn.). Chester—Westtown (Ha.) (Le.), W Bradford (St.), Greentree (Te.). Lancaster—(P.). Lehigh—Lehigh Mountain (Kr.). Northampton—Easton, Porter (B. C.), Bethlehem (Kr.). New Jersey—Frequent. New Castle—Guyancourt, Mount Cuba, becoming rare. Formerly found frequently at hilltop near Brewery. 5. CHROSPERMA Raf. . CHROSPERMA MUSCAETOXICUM (Walt.) Kuntze. Fly-Poison. M. p. 257. Dry, sandy woods. Early summer. Philadelphia — Byberry, Mart. (B. C.), Willow Grove Ave., Chestnut Hill (Je.), Germantown, extinct(?) (Me.). Bucks — Tullytown (Le.). Montgomery — Shannonville (Cr.). | Chester — W. Bradford Twp. (St.). Lancaster—(P.). Burlington—Burlington, Beverly (C.), Pemberton (Le.) (Te.), near Moorestown (Te.). Camden—Sicklerstown, Dr. J. B. Brinton (B. C.) (Ke.), Camden (C.), Clementon (VP.). Gloucester — Mickleton (He.), Tomlin (Ja.), Swedesboro (Li.). Salem—Auburn (Wa.). Cumberland— Vineland (C.). ‘ New Castle—Speakman’s, Ashland, Commons; Scott’s Swamp. 6. STENANTHIUM Kunth. STENANTHIUM RoBUSTUM 8. Wats. M. p. 257. Moist soil. Summer. Lancaster—Pleasant Grove (Ca.), New Texas (Pr.). . MELANTHACEAL. ag 7. ZYGADENUS Michx. 1. ZYGADENUS LEIMANTHOIDES (A. Gray) S. Wats. M. p. 258., Svempe OF wet soil. Summer. ut : eo Dunkin gion Nese Moorestown, Jos. Walton (He.), Atsion’ (C.). Cam- : den’ Lindenwold (VP.). Ocean — Toms River (Le.). Monmouth — Mount Pleasant (C.). oa New Castle—Thompson’s, Moore’s, rare. wit 8 MELANTHIUM L. — Blade of ‘the perianth-segments, oblong, entire ; leaves linear. 1. M. Pirginicum. Blade of the perianth-segments nearly orbicular, undulate; leaves oblance- olate. 2. M. latifolium. 1. MELANTHIUM ’ VIRGINICUM Te Bunch- ower. M. p. 259. Wet places. Summer. Bucks—Argus, Tullytown (wn.)., Montgomery—Sumneytown (YP.). Delaware— Williamson (Fu.), Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.), Tinieum (VP.). Chester—W. Nottingham Twp. (Le.), Westtown (W. Tr.). Lan- caster—(P.). Lehigh—Lehigh Mountain, (Kr. i Burlington — Pemberton (C.), Oliphant’ ’s Mill (Wa.). Camden—Cam- "den (C.), Kirkwood (Wn.). Gloucester — Near Mickleton, locality ‘de- stroyed (He.), Tomlin (Ja.), Swedesboro (Li), Monmouth — Keyport (C.). New Castle—General and frequent. 2, MELANTHIUM LATIFOLIUM Desr. M. p. 259. Dry woods and hills. Sym- mer. Bucks—Argus, Rock Hill ‘(ey Delaware—Swarthmore (St.) (Ws.). Chester —Coatesville, H. E. Stone (B. C.), Oakbourne: (Wn.). Northamp- ton—(P.). Dauphin—(P.). Gloucester —Swedesboro (Li.). New Castle—Centerville, Commons, rare; Brandywine hills and Mount Cuba. 9. VERATRUM L. J. VERATRUM VIRIDE Ait. Amerionn White Hellebore, Indiqn Poke. of Pp. 259. Swamps and low. ground, Summer. ‘ : 10. UVULARIA L. BsLuworv. Capsule obtusely 3- -angled, truncate or rounded; leaves perfoliate. “ 1. Uz. ‘perfoliata. Capsule acutely 3-angled or 3- saint: acute at each end; leaves sessile. 2. U. sessilifolia, 1, Uvunarta Perrouiata L. M. p. 260. Rich woods and thickets. Spring. 2. UvubARIA SESSILIFOLIA L. M. p. 260. Moist woods and thickets. Spring, 100 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Family 3. LILIACEAE Adans. Lily Family. Plants bulbous, or with rootstocks, or fibrous-fleshy roots. Ovary superior, not adnate to the perianth. .Roots fibrous-fleshy; scape tall; flowers orange or yellow. - 1. Hemerocallis. Plants with bulbs or corms. Flowers umbelled. "2, Allium. Flowers solitary, racemed, corymbed or panicled. ~ Anthers not introrse. : Anthers versatile; tall herbs. 3. Lilium. Anthers not versatile; ‘low herbs. Flowers nodding; 3 capsule obovoid; seed glob- ular. 4, Erythronium. Flowers erect; capsule columnar; seed flat. | 5 Tulipa. 1 ’ Anthers introrse. Perianth of 6 separate segments. | : 6.. Ornithogalum. Perianth globose, oblong or urn-shaped. 7. ee Ovary half inferior; roots fibrous; flowers racemed. 8. Aletris. Stem a woody caudex; leaves rigid, mostly Lia marginal fibres. . 9. Yucca. cr L HEMEROCALLIS L is HEMEROCALLIS FULVA i Common. Day-lily. . M. p. 261,; Meadows, and a ‘ along, streams, escaped from cultivation. . Summer. fy ta "WS Bon: Payne 2. ALLIUM L. Leex, Garwic, ONION. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, absent at, flowering time. ___1, A. tricocewm. Leaves linear, present at'flowering time. - = Bulb-coats membranous, not alirents reticulated. Flowering umbel nodding. : SOUP UME 2 ee MaDe = cernuum. Flowering umbel erect. : Sepals not keeled; inner filaments toothed ‘aden, the. anthers. 3, A. vineale. Sepals keeled; inner filaments’ not toothed. “4, A. carinatum. Bulb-coats fibrous-reticulated. ' 5...4. Canadense. a yee 1. ALLIUM TRICOCCUM Ait. M. p. 262. Rich woods, Early summer. ' Philadelphia— Wissahickon: (Je,) (Re.). . Bucks-—Ridge Valley (Fr.). Montgomery — Shannonville (Cr.), Sumneytown (VP.). Delaware - Haverford, Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.), Aston (W. Tr. dy. Chéyney (Ws.). Lancaster—Peach Bottom (Ca.), Williston Twp: (Pr.).” Berks— (P.). Dauphin—(P.). Gloucester—Swedesboro (Li.).' Salem—Salem. (C.), Woodstown (He.) (Wa.). Mercer—Groveville (C.). ae New Castle—Speakman a Tatnall ; Point Lookout, Mount Griba, ‘Com- mons. , 2, ALLIUM CERNUUM Roth. M. p- 263. Banks and hillsides. Summer, ' Lancaster—York Furnace. i ie 8 3. ALLIUM VINEALE L. M. p. 263. -Moist meadows and fields. Early. sum- mer. 4. ALLIUM CARINATUM L. M. p. 1046. Fields. Bucks—Grenoble, N. £. Arnold (Fr.). LILIACEAE. 101 5. ALLIUM CANADENSEL.. M,p. 263. ‘Moist meadows and thickets. Spring. ; Philadelphia—Byberry, Mart. (B. C.), Wissahickon (Gi.) (Je.), Ger- mantown (Me.). Bucks—Sellersville (Fr.), Rock Hill (Fr.).. Delaware _, Lansdowne (Pe. i Valley of Darby Creek (B, Sm.), Chester (W. Tr. ), Darby (Ws.). Lancaster— (P.). Daniphin—Steelton (Wa, )., Burlington—Medford (St.). Camden—Camden (CG). Gloucester— Near Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li. ), Westville (Mar.) (Wn.). Mercer—Trenton (C.). Middlesexe—Woodbridge (C.). 3. LILIUM L. a we Flower or flowers erect; perianth- segments narrowed into long claws. 1. L. Philadelphicum. Flowers drooping or spreading; perianth- ‘segments not clawed. Leaves finely roughened on the veins beneath. 2. L. Canadense. ! Leaves perfectly cones perianth-segments recurved. ony at a 3. L. superbum., 1, Litium Parlaneiraron: L. Wood Lily. M. p. 265. Dry woods and thickets. Summer. 1. 7 Philadelphia —.Chew’s Wood (Je.). Bucks — Rock Hill (Fr.) (Ja.) (Mace.), Tullytown (Le.), Sellersville (Re.), Solebury Twp. (Ws:). Mont- gomery—Green Lane (Br.). Delaware—Williamson (Cr.) (Fu.) (Wn.), near Media (Sa.) (B. Sm.), Crum Creek (St. ), Concord (W. Tr.). Ches- ter—W. Bradford Twp. (St.). Lancaster— (P.). Berks—Hamburg (Br.) (He.). Lehigh—Lehigh Mountain ei Horenumpten-Eem Argyl (He.). bet ae em Gloucester—One plant near Mickleton (He. ), Swedesboro (Li.). At- lantic—May’s Landing (C.). Monmouth—Keyport (C.). hes New Castle—Brandywine, etc., Not common. 2. Linium CaNavENSE L.' Yellow Field Lily. M. p. 265. Moist meadows and bogs. Summer. 3, LauM suPersum L. Turk’s Cap. M. p. 265. Rich low. grounds. Summer. a Philadelphia—Byberry, Mart. (B. C.), Germantown, extinct(?) (Me.), Wissahickon (Re.). Bucks—Tullytown (Le.). Montgomery—Edge Hill (Je.), Frazer’s Bog, Willow Grove (VP.), Hillside (Ws.). Delaware— Tinicum ‘(Fu.) (B. Sm.), Coneord (W. Tr.), Chad’s Ford (Wn.). Ches- ter—Nottingham ‘Twp. (Pr.)., Lancaster — Peach Bottom (Cr.),” North- ampton—(P.). 5 New Jersey—Common. New Castle—Frequent south of. Christiana Creek. 4. ERYTHRONIUM L. 1, ERYTHRONIUM AMERICANUM Ker. Yellow Adder’s Tongue. M. p. 266. Moist woods and thickets. Spring. 5. TULIPA L. | Tup. 1. TuLipa sYLvEsTRis L. M. p. 1046. Meadows. _ Philadelphia—Stenton (Br.). Bucks—Near Sellersville (Fr.). Mont- gomery—Lansdale (Fr.). 162 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA... . 6. ORNITHOGALUM L. Srat-oF-Brraientm, fHowers ecorymbose, erect; pedicels long, slender. 1. O. timbellatum. Fluwers racemose, drooping; pedicels very short, stout. 2. O. nutans. i. OrnirHocaLuM uMBELLATUM L. M, p- 267. Eseaped from gardens. Early summer. 7 2, ORNITHOGALUM NUTANS L. M. p. 267. Hseaped from gardens. Spring. 7. MUSCARI Mill. 1. Muscari BoTryorpEs (L.) Mill. Grape Hyacinth. M. p. 268. Escaped from gardens into copses and fence rows. Spring. 8. ALETRIS L. . J. ALETRIS FaRINOSA L. Colic-root, aera _M. p. 269. Dry; sandy soil. Early summer. Philadelphia — Wissahickon, extinet (4) (Me.) (Re.). Montgomery — Willow Grove (Mac.). Delaware — Rhoads’ Swamp (Fu.), Williamson (Le.), Lima (Ja.) (Wn.), Swarthmore (Sch.), Thatcher’s Swamp, Aston (B. Sm.), Concord (W. Tr.). Chester—Oxford (Cr.), W. Bradford (St.). New Jersey—Southern counties, frequent. New Castle—Hand’s, Clark’s, etc. 9. YUCCA L. 1. Yucca FILAMENTOSA L. Ger- mantown, common (St.). Bucks—Rock Hill (Fr.), Argus (Ja.), Center Bridge (Sts.) (Ws.), Pineyville (Ws.). Montgomery—Shannonville (Cr.), Gulf Mills (Mar.), Sumneytown (VP.). Delaware—Middletown (Fu.), Wawa (Ja.), Media (Ke.) (Sa.) (Te.), Swarthmore (Pr.), Rhoads’ Mills, Aston (B. Sm.), Chad’s Ford (Te.) (Wn.), Concord (W. Tr.), near Newtown (VP.). Chester—Malvern (Le.). Lancaster—York Fur- nace (Cr.). Berks—Wernersville (Te.). Lehigh—+Black River, Salsburg (Kr.). Dauphin—Rockville (Wn.). Northampton—(P.). Burlington — Bordentown (C.), Oliphant’s Mill (Wa.). Camden — Camden (C.). Gloucester — Near Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (i). Salem—Auburn (C.), Riddleton (Wa.). Ocean—Manchester (C.). New Castle—Mount Cuba (Ha.). General, not common. 2, Leprorcuis Logsexi (L.) MacM. M. p. 303. Wet thickets and springy banks. Early summer. ORCHIDACEAE. 113 Bucks—Yardley (Fr.). Delaware—Springfield, John Rhoads’ Farm, Dr. Smith (Fu.), Wawa (Ja.). Chester—Westtown (Cr:) (Ha.), Barren Ridge, Crawford (He.). Lancaster—York Furnace (Cr.). Berks—Near Reading (P.). : : Burlington—Brown Mill, Hanover (C.), Medford (St.).. Camden— Kirkwood (Mar.). Gloucester—Near Mickleton, a single plant (He.). : 16. TIPULARIA Nutt. | 1, TIPULARIA UNIFOLIA (Muhl.) B. 8. P. Crane-fly Orchis. .M. p. 304. Woods. Summer. Delaware—Pusey’s Woods, C. FE. and A. H. Smith ne ds. near Darby (P.). Gloucester—Swedesboro (Li.). Cape May—Cape May (Cr.). Mon- mouth— Freehold (C.). New Castle—Newark, Kilvington, Centerville, Tatums, Iron Hill, Com- mons. Rare. 17. APLECTRUM Nutt. 1, APLECTRUM sPIcatuM (Walt.) B. 8. P. Putty-root, Adam-and-Eve. M. p. 805. Woods in rich mould. Spring. Philadelphia — Wissahickon (Je.)! (Re. ), Shawmont (Sa.). Bucks — Solebury Twp. (Ws.). Montgomery—Shannonville (Cr.). Delaware— Swarthmore (Fu.) (Sa.) (Ws.), Wawa, Chester Creek (Sch. ), Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.), Concord (W.'Tr.), Wallingford (Wn.). Chester— Westtown (Le.), Greentree (Te.). Lancaster—York Furnace (St.). Gloucester —Swedesboro (Li.). New Castle—Mount Cuba (Ja.), near Newark. In northern parts, but rare, '18. CORALLORHIZA R. Br. ' Cora.-Root, Lip not deeply 3-lobed. ‘ Lip 2-toothed or 2-lobed above the base. lL. C. Corallorhiza. Lip entire, or merely denticulate. Flowers about 6-8 mm. long; lip not notched; column narrowly winged. "2. C. odontorhiza. Flowers 14 mm. long; lip notched; column: ‘manifestly winged. 3. C. Wisteriana. Lip deeply 3-lobed; flowers 12-18 mm. long. 4. C. multiflora, 1. CoRALLORHIZA CoraLtoruiza (L.) Karst. M. p. 305. Woods. Spring. Delaware—Dr. Geo. Smith (B. Sm.). Lancaster—Millersville, Mart. (B. ©.) (Ca.). : New Castle—Not common. 2. CORALLORHIZA ODONTORHIZA (Willd.) Nutt. M. p. 305. Woods. Summer. Philadelphia— Wissahickon, Mart. (B. C.) (Re.). Bucks—Springfield (Fr.), Penn Valley (Ja.), Argus (Re.) (U. C. 8.). Mantgomery—Shan- nonville (Cr.), Ardmore (Le.), Schwenkville (U. C.8.). Delaware—Lans- downe (Pe.), Swarthmore (Pr.) (Ws.), Adele (Sa.), Concord (W. Tr.), Wallingford (Wn.). Chester — Valley Forge (Ja.), Paoli (U. C. 8.), West Bradford Twp. (St.). Lancaster — York Furnace (Ja.) (Ke.). Lehigh—Woods near Deily’s, Lehigh Mountain (Kr.). Northampton— (P.). 114 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Camden—Camden (C.).. Gloucester—Sewell, Mullica Hill (C.), near Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). Mercer—Princeton, Trenton (C.). New Castle—Mount Cuba (Le.). General, but not common. 3. CORALLORHIZA WISTERIANA Conrad. M. p. 305. Woods. Spring. Philadelphia— Wissahickon (Re.). Chester—(P.). Lancaster—(P.). 4, CORALLORHIZA MULTIFLORA Nutt. M. p. 306. Woods. Summer. Philadelphia—Wissahickon (Re.). Bucks—Durham (Fr.). Montgom- ery—Shannonville (Cr.), Bryn Mawr (Gi.), near Ardmore (Le.). Dela- ware—Swarthmore (Pr.), Concord (W. Tr.). Chester—(P.). Lancaster —York Furnace (Ja.) (Ke.) (Li.). Berks—Mount Neversink, Mart. (B. C.), Hamburg (Ke.). Lehigh— Woods near Geissinger’s, EF. A. Rau (B. C.), Lehigh Mountain (Kr.). Camden—Camden (C.). Hunterdon—Rosemont (C.). New Castle—McCullough’s, Canby. Subclass 2. DICOTYLEDONES. Series]. CHORIPETALAE. Order1. PIPERALES. Family 1. SAURURACEAE Lindl. Lizard’s-tail Family. 1, SAURURUS L. 1, SauRurus cernuus L. Lizard’s Tail. M. p. 307. Swamps. Summer. Order 2. SALICALES. Family 1. SALICACEAE Lindl. Willow Family. Bracts fimbriate or incised; stamens numerous. 1. Populus. Bracts entire; stamens 2-10. 2. Salina. 1. POPULUS L. Petioles terete or channelled, scarcely or not at all flattened laterally. Leaves persistently and densely white-tomentose beneath, lobed or coarsely sinuate-dentate. 1. P. alba. Leaves glabrous or nearly so when mature, crenate. Foliage densely tomentose when young; capsule slender-pedicelled. 2. P. heterophylla. Foliage not tomentose; capsule short-pedicelled. 3. P. candicans. Petioles strongly flattened laterally. Leaves broadly deltoid, abruptly acuminate. Young leaves pubescent; capsule nearly sessile. 4. P. nigra. Young leaves not pubescent; capsule slender-pedicelled. 5. P. deltoides. Leaves broadly ovate or suborbicular. Leaves coarsely sinuate-dentate. 6. P. grandidentata. Leaves crenulate-denticulate. 7. P. tremuloides. 1. PopuLus auBa L. White Poplar, Abele. M. p. 308. Occasionally spon- taneous. Early spring. SALICACEAE. 115 . POPULUS HETEROPHYLLA L. Downy Poplar. M.p.308. Swamps. Early spring. Delaware—(P.). Chester—(P.). Cumberland—Fortescue Beach (C.). New Castle—Hockessin, 7'atnall; Townsend, Canby; Stanton, Canby; Harvey, Tatnall; Tatems. Rare. : . Popuus canpicans Ait. Balm-of-Gilead. M. p. 309. Escaped from cultivation. Early spring. ; PoPpuLus NicRA L. Black Poplar. M. p. 309. Valleys of rivers. Early spring. ; .t Salem—Banks of Delaware (C.). . POPULUS DELTOIDES Marsh. Cottonwood, Necklace Poplar. M. p. 309. Moist soil, especially borders of streams. Tarly spring. . POPULUS GRANDIDENTATA Michx. Large-toothed Aspen. M. p. 310. Rich woods. Early spring. Philadelphia—Haddington (Te.), Wissahickon (VP.). Bucks—Sellers- ville (Fr.),, Rock Hill (Mac.).. Montgomery—Edge Hill (VP.). Dela- ware — Marple, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.). Chester — Valley Forge (Cr.), Westtown (W. Tr.). Lancaster—(P.). Berks—Hamburg (Ke.). Lehigh —Coplay (Kr.). Northampton—(P.). Burlington — Moorestown (C.): Camden — Ateo (C.). Gloucester — Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). Monmouth—Holmdel (C.). New Castle—Grant’s, Tatnall; J. Mason’s, Milltown. . POPULUS TREMULOIDES Michx. American Aspen. M. p. 310. Dry or moist soil. Early spring. , Philadelphia — (P.). Bucks — Near Sellersville (Fr.), Mechanicsville (Ws.). Montgomery—Shannonville (Cr.). _ Delaware—Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.), Concord (W. Tr.). Chester—Valley Forge (Cr.). Lehigh Coplay (Kr.). Northampton—(P.). New Jersey—Common (C.). New Castle—Late H. Grant’s, Greenbank, Commons. 2. SALIX L. WILLow, OsIEr. Capsule glabrous, or slightly silky when young in No. 8. Trees or larger shrubs with serrate, acute or acuminate leaves. Stamens 3-7; filaments hairy at the base; bracts caducous, light yellow. Pedicels slender, 3-5 times as long as the gland. Petioles and stipules without glands. 1. S. nigra. Petioles and stipules with prominent glands. 2. 8. lucida. Pedicels about twice as long as the gland. 3. S. fragilis. Stamens 2. ; Filaments hairy at the base; bracts caducous yellow. Pedicels in fruit 1-3 mm. long. Stigma sessile; leaves linear or lance-linear. 8. S. fluviatilis. Style evident, but short; leaves lanceolate. 3. 8. fragilis. Pedicels in fruit less than 1 mm. long; stigma sessile. Branches not: drooping; leaves lanceolate. 4. 8. alba. 116 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Branches drooping; leaves linear-lanceolate. 5. S.. Babylonica. Filaments glabrous; bracts. persistent. 6. S. cordata. Very low shrubs with serrate or crenate, obtuse leaves ; ‘filaments gla- brous. 7. ’. myrtillifolia. ‘Capsule silky or tomentose. Filaments distinct. Capsule distinctly pedicelled, rostrate ; " style none or short, Mature leaves not densely hairy benéath. Leaves linear or linear-lan¢eolate. Filaments hairy; capsule slightly silky akon young, . in age glabrate. . 8. fluviatilis. Filaments glabrous; canine permanentiy hairy. 9. S. petiolaris. Leaves oblong, elliptic, or ovate-lanceolate. Braets fuscous, obovate or cuneate, long- hairy. ; 10. 8. discolor. Bracts yellow, linear-oblong or a oa ae . 8. Bebbiana. Mature leaves densely white-hairy bediéath. Leaves white-tomentose beneath. Leaves evate-lenoealate, slender-petioled. 11. 8. Bebbiana. Leaves oblanceolate, | short- -petioled. Leaves 5-10 em. long; fruiting aments 2- 3 em. long. 12. S. humilis. Leaves 2-4 em. iota 3 fruiting aments 1 cm. long. 13, 8. tristis. ' Leaves silvery-silky | beneath, 14, 8. sericea, Capsule subsessile. 15. 8. viminalis. Filaments united; pedicel and style none. 16. S. purpurea. 1. Saurx nicra Marsh. Black Willow. M. p. 312, Along streams. Spring. _ Philadelphia—Byberry, Mart. (B. C.), 45th and ‘Market 'streets (Mac.). ' Bucks—Narrowsville (Mac:). Delaware—Darby Creek, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.), Tinicum (B. Sm.), Concord (W. Tr.). Chester—(P.). Lancaster —(P.). Lehigh—Along the Lehigh (Kr.).’ Northampton—(P.). Dau phin—(P.). New Jersey—Common. New Castle—Common. Ja. SALIX NigRA FaLcATA (Pursh.) Torr. M..p. 313. Along streams. Spring. at Philadelphia—Byberry, Mart. (B.C.). Bucks—Sellersville(Fr.). Dela- ware—Darby Creek (Fu.).. New Castle—Not common. 2. Sauix LucioA Muhl. M. p. 313. Swamps and banks of streams. Spring. Philadelphia—Nicetown (Le.). Bucks— Banks of Delaware, Mart. (B. C.). Chester—(P.). Lancaster—(P.). Lehigh—Lowlands, Coplay (Kr.). Northampton—Easton, Porter (B. C.). Monmouth—Sandy Hook (Mace.). New Castle—Cherry Island, Commons. 3. SaLIx FRAGILIS L. Crack Willow. M. p. 313. Escaped from cultivation. Spring. 4. Satix atBA L. White Willow. M. p. 313. Moist soil. Spring. Philadelphia — Byberry, Mart. (B. C.), 46th and Chestnut streets SALICACEAH. 117 /(Mae.). Bucks—Sellersville (Fr.). Delaware—Upper Darby, cultivated (B. Sm.). Chester—(P.). Lancaster—(P.). Northampton—(P.). New Jersey—Common. 4a, SALIX ALBA VITELLINA (L.) Koch, M. p. 314. Moist soil. Spring. . ‘Philadelphia—Byberry, Mart. (B. C.). Chester—Valley Forge (Cr.). New Castle—Rockland, Brinkle’s. 4 5. Sauix Basyntonica L. Weeping Willow: M. p. 314. In cultivation. Spring. 6. Saurx corpata Muhl. ‘M. p. 314. Wet soil. Spring. Bucks — Near Point Pleasant (Fr.). Delaware — Tinieum (Pu. ) (B. Sm.), Folsom (Ws.). Chester—(P.). Lancaster—(P.). Northampton— (P.). Dauphin—(P.). oe a1 New Jersey—Frequent (C.). New Castle—Delaware Junction, Rockland, Commons, Tatnall, Canby; Townsend. ; 6a. SaLix corpata ANGUSTATA (Pursh.) Anders. M. p. 314. Wet soil. Spring. Lancaster—(P.). 7. Sauix Myrrittoipes L. M. p. 316. Bogs. Spring. Lancaster—(P.). 8. SaLIx FLUVIATILIS Nutt. M. p. 316. Along streams. Spring. Bucks—Island of Delaware (Fr.). Lancaster—(P.). Northampton— Easton, Porter (B. C.)., Dauphin—(P.). New Castle—Hamburg Cove. 9. Saux pETioLaris J. E. Smith. M. p. 316. Swamps. Spring. Bucks — Near Sellersville (Fr.). Delaware — Middletown (B. Sm.)., Chester—Frazier (Pr.). Lancaster—(P.). ; Camden—Kaighn’s Point (C.). Gloucester—Swedesboro (Li.). 10, Saurx piscotor Muhl. M. p. 316. Swamps and moist hillsides. Barly spring. ; Philadelphia — Stenton (Br), Shawmont (Le.). Bucks — Rock Hill (Fr.) (Mac.). Delaware—Concord (W. Tr.). Chester—(P.). Lancaster —(P.). New Jersey—Common (C.). New Castle—Frequent. 11, Sauix Bespiana Sarg. M. p. 317. Moist or dry soil. Spring. Bucks — Perkasie (Fr.). Delaware — Wawa (Fu.), Folsom (Ws.). Lehigh—Laurel Hill (Kr.). Northampton—Pen Argyl (He.) (Li.). 12, Satix HUMILIS Marsh. M. p. 317. Dry soil. Spring. Bucks—Near Sellersville (Fr.). Delaware—Haverford, Ridley Creek (Fu.), road above Llanerch (B. Sm.). Lancaster—(P.). Northampton —(P.). New Jersey—Common, 18, Saurx TRIsTIs Ait. M. p. 318. Dry soil. Early spring. Philadelphia— West Philadelphia, MacElwee (U.C.8.). Bucks—Argus, Rock Hill (Fr.). Delaware—Barrens of Middletown, Chrome Run (B. 8m.), Concord (W. Tr.). Chester—(P.). Lancaster— (P.). 118 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Camden — Gloucester (C.), Atco (Pr.). Gloucester — Near Mickleton, staminate plants only (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). Salem — Salem (C.). Cumberland—Bridgeton (C.). Middlesex—South Amboy, Morgan Sta- tion (C.). New Castle—Iron Hill, ete. Not common, Mount Cuba, staminate plants, Commons. : 14. SaLrx sERIcEA Marsh. M. p. 318. Swamps and along streams. Spring. Philadelphia —(P.). Bucks — Argus (Cr.), near Sellersville (Fr.). Delaware— Williamson (Le.), Valley of Darby Creek (B.Sm.). Chester—. (P.). Lancaster—(P.). Lehigh—Catasauqua (Ca.). Northampton—(P.). New Jersey—Common (C.). New Castle—Frequent. 15, SaLix vIMINALIS L. Osier Willow. M. p. 318. Escaped from cultiva- tion. Spring. Delaware—(P.). 16. Satix puRPUREA L. M. p. 320. ‘Escaped from cultivation.. Spring. Bucks—Near Quakertown (Fr.). Lancaster—(P.). Northamptou— (P.). Middlesec—South Amboy (C.). New Castle—Roadsides, Latrobe Feeder, Commons and Tatnall. Order 3. MYRICALBES. Family 1. MYRICACEAE Dumort. Bayberry Family. Ovary subtended by 2-4 bractlets ; leaves serrate or entire, estipulate. 1. Myrica. Ovary subtended by 8 linear, persistent bractlets; leaves pinnatifid, stip- ulate. 2. Comptonia. 1. MYRICA L. ° 1. Myrica curirera L. Bayberry, Waaz-myrtle. M. p. 321. Sandy soil, especially near the coast. Spring. Philadelphia— Willow Grove Avenue, Chestnut Hill (Je.). “Delaware— Tinicum (B. Sm.). Lehigh—Salsburg (Kr.). New Jersey—Common. New Castle—Collins, Canby; Oldtown, Commions ; ; Kiamensi, ‘Tatnall. 2. COMPTONIA. Banks. 1. COMPTONIA PEREGRINA (L.) Coulter. Sweet Fern. M. p. 321. Dry soil. Spring. Order 4. JUGLANDALES. Fanily 1. JUGLANDACEAS Lindl. Walnut Family. Husk indehiscent; not rugose or sculptured. 1. Juglans. Husk at length splitting into segments; nut smooth or angled. 2. Hicoria. 1. JUGLANS L, Fruit globose, obtuse, not viscid; petioles puberulent. 1. J. nigra. Fruit oblong, pointed, viscid; petioles pubescent. 2. J. cinerea. JUGLANDACEAE. 119 1. Juauans nigra L. Black Walnut. M. p. 323. Rich woods. Spring. 2. JUGLANS CINEREA L. Butternut, White Walnut. M. p. 323. Rich or rocky woods. Spring. 2. HICORIA Raf. Bud-seales valvate; lateral leaflets lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, falcate. 1. H. minima. Bud-seales imbricate; lateral leaflets not faleate. Husk of the fruit freely splitting to the base; middle lobe of staminate calyx narrow, often at least twice as long as the lateral ones. Bark shaggy, separating in long plates. Leaflets 3-5 (rarely 7); nut rounded at the base, 1-2 em. long. 2. ai ovata, Leaflets 7-9; nut usually pointed at both ends, 2.5-3 em. long, 3. H. laciniosa. Bark close, rough; leaflets 7-9. 4, H. alba. Husk of fruit thin, not freely splitting to the base; lobes of the stam- inate calyx mostly nearly equal. Fruit nearly globular; nut thin-shelled; bark, at least that of old trees, separating in ‘strips. . H. microcarpa. Fruit obovoid; nut thick-shelled; bark close. : H. glabra. 1. Hicorta MINIMA (Marsh) Britton. Bitter-nut, Swamp Hickory. M. p. 324. Moist soil. Spring. ; ‘ 2. Hicorta ovata (Mill.) Britton. Shell-bark, Shag-bark. M. p. 324. Rich soil. Spring. 3. HicoRIA LACINIOSA (Michx.) Sarg. Big Shell-bark, King-nut. M. p. 324. Rich soil. Spring. Philadelphia—(P.). Bucks—Rock Hill, Bedminster (Fr.), Sellersville (Mac.). Montgomery—Shannonville (Cr.). Delaware—Swarthmore, one tree (Pr.), Radnor, J. Evans (B. Sm.). Lancaster—(P.). Berks—(P.). Mercer—According to Mr. Chas. E. Smith a large tree at Borie station on P. R. R., 15 miles from Trenton (Ke.). 4, Hiccrta ALBA (L.) Britton. Mocker-nut, White-heart Hickory. M. p. 325. Rich soil. Early summer. an . Hircoria MicrocarPa (Nutt.) Britton. Hickory. M. p. 325. Rich woods. Spring. G. Hicorta GuaBRs (Mill.) Britton. Pig-nut Hickory. M. p. 325. Dry hills and uplands. Early summer. Hicor1a Pecan (Marsh.) Britton. Pecan. M. p. 324. In eul- tivation. Spring. Philadelphia—Bartram’s Garden (Je.). | Delaware—Conecord (W. Tr.). Order 5. FAGALES. Both staminate and pistillate flowers in aments. Fam. 1. Betulaceae. Pistillate flowers subtended by an involucre, which becomes a bur or a eup in fruit. Fam. 2. Fagaceae. 120 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Family 1. BETULACEAE Agardh. Birch Family. Staminate flowers solitary in the axil of each bract, destitute of a calyx; pistillate flowers with a calyx. Staminate flowers with no bractlets; pistillate aments spike-like; nut small, subtended by or enclosed in a large bractlet. Fruiting bractlet flat, 3-cleft and incised. 1. Carpinus. Fruiting bractlet bladder-like, closed, membranous. 2. Ostrya. Staminate flowers with 2 bractlets; pistillate flowers 2-4, capitate; nut large, enclosed by a leaty involuecre. | 3. Corylus. Staminate flowers 3-6 together in the axil of each bract, with a calyx; pis- tillate flowers without a calyx. ‘ Stamens 2; filaments 2-cleft, each fork bearing an anther-sac; fruit- . ing bracts 3-lobed or entire, deciduous. 4, Betula. Stamens 4; anther-sacs adnate; fruiting bracts woody, erose or 5- toothed, persistent. 5. Alnus. 1. CARPINUS ,L.. 1. CaRPINUS CaROLINIANA Walt. American Hornbeam, Blue Beech, Water Beech. M. p. 326. Along streams. Spring. 2, OSTRYA Scop. 1. Ostrya VirGIniana (Mill.) Willd. Hop- hornbeam, Ironwood, _Lever- wood. M. p. 327. Dry woods. Spring. * “Philadelphia — Wissahickon (Le.) (Me.). Bucks — Near Sellersville (Fr.), Narrowsville (Ja.), Rock Hill (Mac.), New Hope (Ws.). Dela- ware—Chester Valley (Le.), Radnor, J. Evans (B. Sm.), Kellyville (Te.), Chester (W. Tr.). Chester—Valley Forge (Cr.), Willistown Twp. one tree (Pr.). Lancaster—Paradise (St.). Lehigh—Jordan and Lehigh River, Salsburg (Kr.). . Northampton—“Easton, Porter (B. C.). Hunterdon—Along the Delaware (C.). Somerset—Roxiticus (C.). .. New Castle—Near Fish Ponds, Naaman’s Creek. 3. CORYLUS L. Fiserv. Involucre of 2 broad laciniate bractlets. 1. C. Americana. Involueral bractlets united, prolonged into a tubular bristly beak. 2. C. rostrata. 1. Corvus AMERICANA Walt. Wild Hazel-nut. M. p. 327. Thickets, Early spring. 2. CoryLus rosTRatTa Ait. Beaked Hazel. M. p. 327. Thickets.. Spring, Philadelphia— Wissahickon (Me.). Bucks—Rock Hill (Fr.). dJfont- gomery—Schwenksvillé (U. C. 8.). Chester—Valley Forge (Cr.) (W. Tr.), Coatesville, H. EL. Stone (B. C.), Nottingham Twp. (Pr.). Lancaster— (P.). Berks—Hamburg. Lehigh—Low Hill (Kr.). Hunterdon— Rosemont, Bloomsburg (C.). New Castle—Rocky hillsides at High Bridge, N. side. 4, BETULA L. Fruiting aments peduncled; bark chalky-white. 1. B. populifolia, Fruiting aments peduneled; bark greenish-brown or brown. 2. B. nigra. Fruiting aments sessile, at the ends of short branches; bark brown or yellowish. RAGACEAE, 121 Fruiting bracts 4 mm. long, lobed at the apex; leaves shining above. 3. B.-lenta. Fruiting. bracts 8 mm. long, lobed to about the middle; leaves dull above. 4, B. lutea. 1. BEruLa POPULIFOLIA Ait. American White Birch, Gray Birch. M. p. 328. Moist or dry soil. Spring. 2. BeruLa nigra L, River or Red Birch. M. p. 328. Banks of streams. Spring. 3. Betuta tenta L. Cherry, Black or Sweet Birch. M. p. 328. Rich. woodlands. Spring. 4. BETULA LUTEA Michx. f. Yellow or Gray Birch. M. p. 329. Moist woodlands. Spring. ’ Lancaster—(P.). Lehigh—Lehigh Mountain (Kr.). Dauphin—(P.). 5. ALNUS Gaertn. ALDER. 1. ALNUS RUGOSA (Duroi) K. Koch. M. p. 330. Wet soil. Early spring. ’ Family 2. FAGACEAE Drude. Beech Family. Staminate flowers capitate; nut sharply triangular. . 1. Fagus. Staminate flowers in slender aments; nut rounded or plano-convex. Pistillate flowers 2-5'in each involucré; involucre becoming globose and very prickly in fruit, enclosing the nuts. 2. Castanea, Pistillate flower 1 in. each involucre; involucre of numerous scales forming a cup in fruit and subtending the acorn. 3. Quercus. 1. FAGUS L. 1, Facus Americana Sweet. Beech. M. p. 331. Rich soil. Spring. 2. CASTANEA Adans. Leaves green both sides; large trees. 1. C. dentata. Leaves densely white-tomentose beneath; shrub or small tree. 2. C. pumila. 1. CasTANEA DENTATA (Marsh.) Borkh. Chestnut. M. p. 331. Rich soil. Early summer. 2. CASTANEA PUMILA (L.) Mill. Chinquapin. M. p. 332. Dry soil. Early summer. - Chester—(P.). Lancaster—Opposite York Furnace (St.). Dauphin— Steelton (Wn.). ; Gloucester —Clarksboro (C.), near Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.), Tomlin (Wn.). Salem—Jericho (C.), Penn Grove (Wa.). Mercer— Trenton, White Horse, Mercerville (C.). New Castle—Newark, J. Webb; Middletown, J. A. Hunter; St. George’s, Tatnall. Scarce. 3. QUERCUS L. A. “eaves or their lobes bristle-tipped, deciduous ; acorn maturing in autumn of second year. Leaves pinnatifid or pinnately lobed. Leaves green on both sides. Cup of the acorn saucer-shaped, much broader than high. Cup 16-25 mm. broad, acorn ovoid; leaves dull. 1. Q. rubra. Cup 8-16 mm. broad; leaves shining. 2. Q. palustris. 122 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Cup of the acorn turbinate’ or' hemispheric. u inner bark gray to reddish; leaves deeply lobed. Leaves shining both sides; lobed to near the: midrib. 3. Q. coccinea. Leaves dull and paler beneath ; acorn en an 4. qQ. borealis. ' Inner bark orange. sda ‘ 5. Q. velutina, Leaves white or, gray-tomentose beneath. Large trees; leaf-lobes lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, long. 6. Q. digitata. Shrub or low tree;, leaf-lobes triangular-ovate, short. 7.,Q. nana. Leaves 3-5 lobed above the middle or entire, obovate or. .spatulate in outline. Leaves obovate, crenate, brown-floccose beneath. 8. Q.: Marylandica. With characters intermediate. between Q, Marylandica and Phellog, . 9. Q. Rudkini. Leaves spatulate, glabrous both sides. 10. Q. nigra. sail ., Leaves entire, oblong, lanceolate or linear-oblong, Leaves linear-oblong, green and glabrous on both sides. 11. Q. Phellos. ‘With characters intermediate between Q./rubra and Q. Phellos. 12. Q. heterophylla, Leaves ebigeg or Saar, brown- tomentose: beneath. 13. Q. imbricaria,* + Aaa, B,,. Leics or their lobes not, bristle- tipped, deciduous ; acorns maturing in ayy tos autumn of. first y; year. meee ae Leaves pinnatifid’ or pinnately lobed. : 4 Mature leaves pale or glaucous and glabrous beneath; cup shallow. aft -& 14. Q. alba. Mature leaves tomentulose beneath; 3 cup one-third to fully as long, as --the' acorn. " Upper seales of the cup sae waned, Leaves yellowish-brown tomentulose beneath; acorn ovoid. 15. Q, minor., |; Leaves _white-tomentulose beneath ; ‘aeorn, depressed- “BloboRe A 1 16. Q. yrata Upper stales'awned, forming a fritige around the’acorn. 17. Q. macrocarpa. ee bige Fas Leaves 'crenate or dentate, not lobed. : Fruit peduncled. Peduncle much: longer than petioles; leaves white-tomentulose beneath. 18. Q. platanoides. ppedunge equalling or shorter than the petioles; leaves gray-tomentu- lose beneath. ; Bark white, flaky. ‘ 19. Q. Michausii. Bark close. cae 20. Q. Lene Fruit sessile or nearly so. cas Ee a Tall trees. : 21. Q. aotnanatt. Shrub or low tree; leaves mye or obovate. 22. Q. prinoides. 1. QuERCUS RUBRA L. Red Oak. ‘ML. P. 383, Rich or poor Beil, Early ’ summer. 2. QUERCUS PALUSTRIS Du Roi. “Swamp Oak, Pin Qak. M. p. 333. Low ground. Early summer. — 8. QUERCUS COCCINEA Wang. Scarlet Oak. M. P 333. Moist or dry eal Early summer. FAGACEAK.. mh 123 4,-QURRCUS BQKEAIIS Michx. Gray Oak. M. p. 334. Rich soil. Barly summer. ae _ New, _ Castle— Dry woads opposite Kentmere. 5. GoEneie VELUTINA Lam. | Quercitton, Yellow-barked or lack “Oak. M. p. 334. Dry or gravelly oan Early summer. =" ' 6. Qumkous prerrAra (Marsh.) Sudw. | Spanish Oak. M. P: ‘334, Dry, soil. Early summer. Philadelphia—Byberry, Mart. (‘B.'C.).; Grays Ferry (Ha.), 52d Street Woods (Mace. ); Lancaster!’ Pike''(Me.): Delaware—Providence (Fu.), Darby (Fu.) (Gi.) ‘(Ws.), Swatthmore’ (Pr.), Fernwood (B. ‘Sm.), Tinictnt (St. ) cheater (Ww. Tr), Leiperville* (Wa), Chester — (P.).’ ae New Jersey— ~Coinman , in southern, counties (0). ‘New ‘Castle— General and common. ; 7. QUERCUS NANA (Marsh.) Sarg. Bear or “Black. Scrub Oaks, M. p. 334, ., . Sandy .barrens and, rocky hills, Spring. . 8. QUERCUS MaryLANpIcA Muench. Black-Jack or Barren Oak. oM. Be 334. Dry sandy .barrens, ' Marly. summer. dee ab | gpa 6 9. QUEROUS RUDEINI Britton, M. p. 334: a= ve foghst Bucks—Tullytown (Cr.). aj ts Burlington—Birmingham (C.). .Gloweester—Riddleton. (C.). “ Mon- mouth— Middletown, Clitfwood, Keyport (C.): ; 10; QUERCUS NiGRA L.i Water Oak, \\M.: p.. 335. .Along streams: and swamps. Spring. 1 Delaware—Chrome Run, Middletown (B. Sm: : 11. Quercus PHELLOs L. Willow Oak. :M. p. 3365.. Sue or Sieh sandy uplands. Spring.. 12.-QUEROUS’ HETEROPHYLDA Michx. ‘Bartram Oak. M. p. 335. Moist woods. Early summer. Philadelphia—Bartram’s Garden (Cr.). Bucks+-Tullytown (Cr.). Burlington—Mount Holly (C.). Camden—Haddonfield (C.). Glou- cester — Woodbury, Mickleton (C.). ‘Salem — Riddleton (Br.), Penn Grove:.(C.). Cumberland—Fairton, (C.)., Ocean—New. Egypt (C.). «: New Castle—Townsend, Meehan; West ee Commons; Stanton, Battens, Zatnall.. Rare. 13: QUERCUS IMBRICARIA Michx. Laurel or Shingte Oak. M: p. 335. Rich woodlands, cultivated. Spring. : Philadelphia — Haddington: (P.). Lehigh — Oresemer Farm w. of Allentown (Kr.). : 14. QuERcus ALBA L. J’hite Oak. M. p. 335. All soils. Late spring. 15. QuERcUS MINOR (Marsh,) Sarg. Post or Iron Oak. M. p. 335. Sandy or sterile soil. Late spring. 16. QuERCUS LYRATA Walt.’ Overcup or Post Oak. M. p. 336, River banks., Spring. Philadelphia— Bartram ’s Garden, Mart. (B. C.), near Grays Persp (Hie: ). Gloucester—Mickleton (He.). Salem—Riddleton (Cr.) (He) (Li) || Atlantie— Ventnor (Gi.). d oe 1 124 FLORA OF. PHILADELPHIA. 17. QuERCUS MacROcARPA Michx. Bur Oak, Mossy-cup Oak. M. p. 336, Rich soil, cultivated. Spring. Philadelphia—Bartram’s Garden, Wissahickon (Je.). Montgomery— Chelten Hills (Te.). Delaware—Lansdowne (Pe.). Northampton—(P.). Atlantic— Ventnor (Gi.). New Castle—One tree between Broome and Rodney streets near Lover- ing Avenue, Canby. 18. QUERCUS PLATANOIDES ,(Lam.) Sudw.. Swamp, White eer M. p. 336. Borders of streams and swamps. Spring. Philadelphia— Washington Square (Je.). "Bucks—Rock Hill (Fr. ) Argus (Ke,). Montgomery — Shannonville (Cr.),, Edge Hill (Me.). Delaware—Concord (W. Tr.), Tinicum (B. Sm.). Chester—Willistown Twp. (Pr.), Pocopsin (St.). Lancaster—York Furnace (Ke.). Lehigh —Salsburg (Kr.). Northampton—Easton,. Porter (B. C.). Burlington — Moorestown (Br.), Marleton (C.), Medford (St.). Gloucester — Near Micklotan: (He. ),, Swedesboro (Li.). Salem—Riddle- ton (Wa.). New Castle—Richardson ‘ Red Clay Creek. Scarce. 19. Quercus MicHauxu Nutt. Basket Oak, Cow Oak. M. p. 336. Moist soil. Spring. Burlington—Moorestown (Br.). New Castle—J. Woodward’s woods, Commons. 20. Quercus Prinus L. Rock Chestnut Oak. M. p. 336. Rocky banks and hillsides. Spring. 21. QuERCUS acumINATA (Michx.) Houda. Yellow Oak, Chestnut Oak. M. p. 336. Dry soil, especially limestone ridges. Early summer. Philadelphia — Center Wissahickon (Je.). Bucks — Near Sellersville (Fr.). Chester— Valley Forge (St.). Lancaster—(P.). , Northampton— Easton, Porter (B. C.). Gloucester—Mullica Hill (C.), near Mickleton (He.). Cumberland — Bridgeton (C.). New Castle—Serpentine, Centerville, Commons; Brandywine Hills. . 22. QUERCUS PRINOIDES Willd. Scrub Chestnut Oak. M. p. 336. Dry sandy or rocky soil: Spring. Bucks — Nockamixon (Fr.). Delaware — Williamson (Ja.), Marple (B. Sm.), Castle Rock (VP.).. Chester—Serpentine Barrens near West- town (Le.). Lancaster—(P.). Northampton— Easton, Porter (B. C.). New Jersey—Common. New Castle—-Near Wooddale, Christiana. Rare. Order 6. URTICALES. Fruit not an achene (except in Humulus and Cannabis): trees, shrubs, or:herbs, ovule pendulous. Trees with alternate leaves, sap not milky. Fam. 1. Ulmaceae. Trees with alternate leaves and milky sap or opposite leaved herbs, or herbaceous vines. Fam. 2. Moraceae. Fruit an achene; herbs with small clustered greenish flowers; ovule erect or ascending. Fam. 3. Urticaceae. MORACEAE, 125 Family 1. ULMACEAE. Elm Family. Flowers borne in clusters on twigs of the DEE season; fruit a samara or nut-like, 1. Ulmus, Flowers borne on twigs of the season, the pistillate ‘mostly ‘solitary ; fruit a drupe, ; 2. Celtis. video ow 1, ULMUS. a or" i Leaves slightly ough above; samara densely ciliate. 1. U. Americana, Leaves very rough above; samara not ciliate, 2 UL fulva. 1. Utmus Americana L. American White Elm. M. _ 338, Moist woods, especially along rivers in rich soil. Early spring. . 2. Utmus FULVA Miche ‘Slippery or Red Elm. M. p. 338. Woods. Early spring. siodat 2. CELTIS L. ‘ Leaves smooth above. ' i 1. G. occidentalis. Leaves seabrous above. Rio Bis RAAT dire AL 2. C. crassifolia. a 1, CELTIS OCCIDENTALIS L. Netile-tree, Whine eevee Hackberry. M. p. 339. Dry soil. Spring. 2. CELTIS CRASSIFOLIA Lam. Hackberry. Mt . 339, Dry soil. Spring. - Bucks—Sellersville (Fr.). “Montgomery—-Green Lane (Br.). Lancas- . ter— CBee heiiannioa es ). Dauphin—(P.). Family 2 MORACEAE. Mulberry Family. Trees or shrubs; stipules fugacious. Staminate and pistillate flowers spiked ; leaves dentate or lobed. ‘ 1. Morus. _ Staminate, flowers. racemose ‘or spiked ;, pistillate capitate. Pistillate perianth deeply 4-cleft; leaves entire. 2. Toaylon. “a Pistillate perianth 3-4' toothed; leaves various. a JSrpaaxanEt, Erect or twining herbs; stipules persistent. ‘ Twining vines; pistillate flowers in ament-like clusters. 4. Humulus. Erect herb; pistillate flowers spicate. 5. Cannabis. agit _ 1. MORUS. Leaves rough pene ee beneath ; fruit. purple, spikes 2-6 em. long. 1. M. rubra. Leaves ment: ‘and glabrous, or very nearly | 80, fruit nearly white; spikes 1-1.5 cm. long. 4 2, M. alba. 1. Morus rusra L. Red Mulberry. M, p. 340. “Rich woods. Spring. 2. Morus aLBa L. White Mulberry. M. p. 340. Spontaneous near houses. , Spring. , 2. 'TOXYLON Raf. 1. ToxyLon PomirrRuUM Raf. Osage orange. M. p. 340. Planted for hedges and occasionally spontaneous. Spring. 3. BROUSSONETIA 'L’Her. J, BROUSSONETIA PAPYRIFERA (L.) Vent. Paper Mulberry. M. p. 340. Escaped from cultivation. Spring. 126 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. “4, HUMULUS L: ls Humutus Luputus L. Hop. M. p. 341. Alluvial banks. Escaped SN 3 | from cultivation. _ Summer. eof ae oe Wh ge egal ee ov 5. CANNABIS L. 1, CANNABIS sativa L. aan ae ae Waste places. Summer. ‘ eB %5 oo oe i ' veaptes : 1 Family 3. URTICACEAE. Nettle Family. i Herbs with stinging’ hairs, , Leaves Buponths both kinds of flowers eens achene straight. ect HORAN Sag oe vy, L., Urttea. . | Liekives. ‘altoeinte: stamitats flowers 5- -parted; achene oblique. 2. Urticasirum. Herbs without stinging hairs. Flower-clusters’ panicled or: spiked,’ hot! involucrate leaves mostly opposite. o.,. \,Pistillate calyx 3-parted or of three sepals. ..: 3. Adicea., | _Pistillate calyx 2-4 toothed or entire. . . 4. Boehmeria. . Flower- clusters involuerate by ley bracts leaves alternate. { Maks orga sat 5. STON: i URTICA L. Nevrus, Perennials, 0. 6- 2. 2 m, tall, flower clusters large, compound. Leaves ovate, cordate | at base. 1. U. dioica. Leaves laciniate, rarely cordate. ‘ as OL OS gracilis. Annuals 1.5-4 dm. tall, flower clusters small, oblong, rather dense. Pee eee Ane boa, +3. UL urens. 1. URtIca DIoIca iy M. p, 342. Waste, places and cacti, Summer. — 2. URTICA'‘GRACILIS Ait. -M. p. 342.. Dry soil. Summer... i : Bucks— Nockamixon (Fr.) (Ji a,). Montgomery—Shannonville {Cr.). Delaware—Havertord, Nitre “Hall Min Dam, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.), ‘Lans- . downe (Pe. ), Swarthmore (Pr.), Wallingford Wa.) as Laneaster-— —Peach Bottom (Le.). Sockiamatont ‘Basten, Porter (B..'C.). Dauphin + Steelton (Wn.). ~ x3 “Burlington — Bordentown (Wn.). Gloucester — + Swedesboro (Li.). Mercer —Trenton (C.). Hunterdon—Booles Island, J. 8. Moyer (B. C.). 3. URTICA URENS L. M. p. 342° ‘Waste places. Summer. »Philadelphia— Wissahickon: (Je.). Montgomery—Shannonville (Cr.). ~Camden—Kaighns Point (Ji a). Hunterdon—Below Booles Island(C.). 2, URTICASTRUM Fabr. . 1, _URTIcAsTRUM DIVARICATUM (L.) Kuntze, ‘Wood Nettle. M. p. 348. : Rich woods. Summer. © ~ pie yes 3, ADICEA Raf. 1. ADICEA PUMILA (L.) Raf. Richweed. M. p. 343. Cool.and moist shaded places. Summer., - , edhe te Ati a Riek 4, BOBHMERIZA. Jacq. 1. BORHMERIA .CYLINDRICA (L.) Willd: False, Nettle... M. p. 348. Moist ground. Summer. any EG 4 1A ARISTOLOCHIACEAE. © 127 vege oo, fh PARIETARTA L. | 1. PaRIErarRia PENnayeyaarion Mubl ee M. p. 348: Shaded \ pdeky: banks.' ‘Summer. ates " Bucks — Narrowsville (Br.), near Sellersville (Fr.). Chester — Pheenixville, Mart. (B. C.) (Sch.). Lancaster — York ‘Furnace (Cr.) (Le.), near Safe Harbor!(Wn.): 9° NY Monmouth—Sandy Hook (C.). a i ite. Gant A ac Order?. SANTALALES. .. | ie Tree-parasites, with opposite leaves or scales; fruit a ‘berry. au . Fam. 1. Loranthaceae. Root-parasites, leaves alternate 5. fruit & .dyupe., ‘Fam. 2. Santalaceae. Tan Ad Ped Yoyo OM a baad Family 1. LORANTHACEAE D. Don. Mistletoe Family. 1, PHORADENDRON Nutt. _ 1. PHORADENDRON FLAVESCENS (Pursh.) Nutt. American Mishatee. Mp. 345. On various deciduous trees. Summer. ~ | _ Delaware — Middletown, Darby, Dr, Geo, Smith (Fu.), near Elwyn (Be Sm.).. Chester Ee). sehaulaiis sich Bele Mee af nae: ‘tion (Ca.).! isi ey Burlington — New Lisbon (C.), Medford (Br) (Re.). Camden — Clementon (Br.), Atco, Kaighns ‘Point (C.y. 'Gloucester—Near Mickle- ton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.),.Woodbury (C.). Salem+-Riddleton (Cr.), Bushtown' (Wa.), Woodstown (C.). Cumberland— Vineland, Bridgeton (C.), near’ 'Millville (Le). Atlantic ’ Hammonton, " ‘Landisville (C. Ri May’s Landing (He.). Ocean—Near Lakewood, (C.). Monmouth— .Key- port (C.), Mercer —Hightstown (C.). New Castle—Folly ‘Woods, J. P. Richardson, Tatnall; Townsend, Canby. wl eealee. SANTALACEAE R. Br. Sandalwood Family. 1, COMANDRA Nutt. a) 1. COMANDRA UMBELLATA (L.) Nutt. ' Bastard’ Toad-flax. M. p. 345. Dry fields and thickets. ‘Early summer. ' es Ss Order 8. ARISTOLOCHIALES.. .,, Family 1. ARISTOLOCHIACEAE Blume. Birthwort Family. Acaulescent herbs; perianth regular, persistent; filaments distinct. 1, Asarum. Erect!'leafy-stemmed herbs; perianth irregular; ‘deciduous + anthers ‘sessile, na 2. eee bee oe ae the ‘1 “askRUM Dy Wi GINGER. Sepals..Janceolate-acuminate,. not reflexed, longer than the bypanthium, . A. Canadense, Sepals triangular, ee acute, wereaed, about as ee as the hypanthium, Sg’ wlvcn uy ah chads sty RE 2.4. reflesum.. 1. Assess Pasessiticet L. M. p. 348. Rich woods. euce 128 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 2. ASARUM REFLEXUM Bickwell.' M. P. 349. Rich soil. ane streams, Spring. : Delaware—\P.). Bucke Ridge Valley, Rock | Hill (Fr). Lancaster —(P.). Northampton—(P.). 2. ARISTOLOCHIA L. 1. ARISTOLOCHIA SERPENTaRIA L. Virginia Snakeroot. M. p. 349. Dry woods. Summer. 2. ARISTOLOCHIA CLEMATITIS L. Birthwort.’ M. p. 349. Eseaped from cultivation, Summer, sat aE Order 9. POLYGONALES. Family 1. POLYGONACEAE. Buckwheat Family. Stigmas tufted. I. Rumes. Stigmas capitate. Pedicels mostly several together, achene much, surpassing the calyx 2. F ‘agopyrum. Pedicels abually fascicled, _achene mostly enclosed by the enlarged calyx. Polygonum. Pedicels solitary ; lara jointed at base. 4. ‘Polygonella. 1 _RUMEX L | Sommer, Dock. Leaves hastate; flowers ee Oe foliage: acid, low species... bays Al B. Avsteastia, Leaves not hastate; flowers perfect, or. polygamo- es foliage scarcely _ or not at all’ acid; tall species. Leaves flat, bright or light green, or glaucescent. | , Tubereles usually 3, 2. KR. verticillatus. Tubercle usually 1; pedicels equalling the wings... 3. B. altissimus. Leaves wavy- margined or crisped, dark green, not glaucescent. Wings entire,’ more or less undulate. ; Lower leaves narrowed or acuminate at base. 4. R. Britannica. Lower leaves narrowed or acuminate at base. Tubercles mostly 3, pedicels long. 5. RB. crispus. Tubercle 1; inflorescence not leafy, pedicels short. 6. R. sanguineus. ‘ Wings toothed or fringed. Lower leaves cordate. 1, RB. obtusifolius. Lower leaves mostly narrowed at base. * 8. BR. persicarioides. 1. RUMEX ACETOSELLA L. Field or Sheep Sorrel. M. p. 354, Dry fields and hillsides. Summer. 2, RUMEX VERTICILLATUS L. Swamp Dock. M. p. 354. Swamps. Summer. Delaware—Swarthmore (Ws.). Burlington — Medford (St.). Cape May — Wildwood (Cr.) (Wn.), Anglesea (Ke.). New Castle—Edgemoor, Canby; Cedar Swamp, Commons; Delaware City, ete. 3. RUMEX ALTISSIMUS “Wood. M. p- 355. Moist grounds. Spring. Lancaster—Sate Harbor (P.). POLYGONACEAE. 129 . 4. RumMex Britannioa L. M. p. 356. Wet places, Summer. Lanecgster—York Furnace (Cr.) (Mae.). Cape May—Anglesea (He.) (Li). Hunterdon—Near Rosemont (C.). 5. Rumex crispus L. Curled Dock. M. p. 356, Cultivated and waste grounds. Summer. ; 6. RUMEX SANGUINEUS L. M. p. 356. Waste places. Summer. Bucks—Near Sellersville (Fr.), Rockfield (P.); _ Lehigh—Saegersville (Kr.). Camden—Ancora (Gi.). 7. RUMEX OBTUSIFOLIUS L. Bitter Dock. M.p.357. Waste:places. ‘Summer. 8. RuMEX PERSICARIOIDES L. Golden, Dock. M. p. 357. Sandy shores. Summer. Delaware— Along the Delaware, Dr. Gan: Smith (B. Sm.). RUMEX CONGLOMERATUS Murr. Waste places. Summer. Camden—Wharf at Camden (Li.). RumMEX Maritimus L. Golden Dock. Philadelphia—Old Navy Yard, I. Burk (He.). Camden— Ballast (C.). Ocean and Monmouth—Salt marshes (C.). 1 2. FAGOPYRUM L. 1. Facorpyrum Facoryrum (L.) Karst. Buckwheat. M. p. 358. Waste . places. Summer. ‘3. POLYGONUM, L, SMARTWEED, KNOTWEED. 1. Flowers in terminal spike- -like racemes ; ealyx 5- cleft or 5 parted; stem not twining. .. Racemes solitary, or .2; aquatic or swamp apesies ; pevanmials, Leaves oblong,. elliptic, or elliptic-lanceolate, not acuminate. 1. P. amphibium. Leaves ovate- ‘lanceolate, or oblong- lanceolate, usually acuminate. 2. P. emersum. Racemes. several or numerous; annuals or perennials mostly terrestrial. Ocreae naked or ciliolate, their limbs not spreading. Racemes drooping. ‘Achene ovoid; style 2-parted to near the base. 3. P. incarnatum. Achene broadly oblong-ovoid, ‘style 2-cleft to below the middle. 4, P. lapathifolium. Racemes erect. 5. P. Pennsylvanicum. Ocreae fringed with bristles, their limbs not spreading. Racemes not interrupted, erect, achene lenticular or 3- -angled. 6. P. Persicaria. Racemes not interrupted, drooping. 7. P. Careyi. Racemes not interrupted, erect; achene ae 3-angled. P. hydropiperoides. Racemes interrupted, erect or drooping. Achene granular ahd dull; racemes drooping. 9. P. Hydropiper. Achene smooth, shining; racemes erect. 10. P. punctatum. ‘Ocreae fringed with bristles, their limbs normally spreading. © 11. .P. orientale. 2. Flowers in long, naked, much-interrupted, spike- -like racemes; calyx 4- parted. 12. P. Virginianum. 130 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 3. Flowers in axillary clusters; stems more or less wiry, not twining.. Plant prostrate; achene invested by, the calyx. . _Leaves mostly acute; _ Style 3-parted to below the middle. 13. P. aviculare.’ Leaves mostly obtuse; style 3:parted. to, the: base. 9) eyo on. 14, P. littorate., Plants PRDsEt ate) achene BIE beyond the calyx. eee 15. P. maritimum. « Plants, erect or ascending, rather, stout. mh eae Leaves oval, oblong, or obovate, persistent. ‘ alii. 3 ' "16. P. erectum. . Leaves narrowly lanceolate or Beoae PTOR persistent. i. 1s! ° 3 . 17. P. ramosissimum. Plants strictly erect and very slender. ' ' ‘18. P. tenue 4. Flowers in axillary and terminal clusters, racemes or panicled: racemes ; stems mostly twining. u 3 P Stems twining; herbaceous vines. Outer segments ofthe calyx unchanged or keéled in fruit. Achene granular and dull, ocreae not bristly. _: 19..P. Convolwulus. Achene smooth and pain nt ocreae bristly. 20. P, cilinode. Outer segments of the calyx conspicuously winged ‘in fruit. Calyx wings not incised. 21. P. scandens. Calyx wings incised. Wgie opis 22. P. cristatum. Stems stout, erect, tall; outer calyx-segments winged in fruit. a a a ae “93. P. Zuccarinis. 5. Flowers in capitate clusters or racemes; stems’ climbing by recurved 4 a prickles. Leaves sagittate; achene 3-angled. + ty Ae Pe sagittatwm. Leaves halberd- “shaped ; 'achene lenticular. te 25. P. _arifolium. fie i PoLyconum AMPHIBIUM L. M. p. 360. Ponds. Summer. ey 3 Montgomery—Shannonville (Cr.). Lancaster—York Furnace «'(Cr.) (He.) (Li). Northampton—(P.). Dauphin—Steelton (‘Wn.). | Hunterdon—(C.). idive. WH TS New Castle~Cherry Island, ‘Holly Oak, Vanayke, ete. 4 2. PoLYGoONUM EMERSUM (Miehx.) ' Britton. “M M. Pp. 360. Swamps and moist soil. Summer. ate Bucks—Sellersville (Fr.). . Delaware—Tinieum, T,.C. Palmer (¥Fu.). Chester—(P.).. -Lancaster—(P.). Northampton— Easton, Porter (B. C.). ‘ Gloucester — Repaupo (He.). Mercer ~ Below Trenton (C.). Hun- terdon—Bulls, Island (C.). 3. PoLYGONUM: INCARNATUM Ell. -M..p. 360. Wet soil. Sunimieks ne “ Lancaster—(P.). Northampton—(P.). Dauphin—(P.). Camden—Banks - of Delaware (C.),, ., ee 4. 4. Potyconum LaPparnirotium L: M. p. 361. Waste ‘places. Summer. Philadelphia — Fairmount Park (Ja.). Montgomery - — Shannonville (Cr.). Delaware—Lansdowne. “(Gi Chester — West Chester (P.). Cape May—Anglesea (He.) (Li.) 5. Ponyconum PENNsyLvanicum L. M. p. 361. Moist soil. Summer. 6. Potyconum Pszrsicaria L. Lady’s Thumb. M. p. 361. Waste places. Summer. us 7. PoLyconum Capeyi Olney, M. p. 362.’ Marshes.” Summer. eH Burlington—Pemberton (C.), Brown Mills (He.) (Hi.). Camden— wet he ‘POLYGONACEAR. — : 131 Winslow (C.). Gloucester—Mickleton (He.) (Li.) Atlantic—Hammon- , ton (Fr.), Egg :Harbor (He.) \(W. Tr.). (Wn.). » Qcean—Manchester, Toms River (C.). Monmouth—Ocean Grove (C.).. 0s: : 8. POLYGONUM HYDROPIPEROIDES Michx. Mild Water-pepper. M. p. 362. Wet places: Summer, 9" b8 1! ae! 9. PoLyconuM HypRoPIPER, L. Smartweed. M. p. 362. Moist waste “places. Summer. " pe? 10.’ Potyconum /PYNCTATOM ‘EL,..Water Smartweed., M. p. 362... Wet places. ee, ' li PoLyconum ORIENTALE L. Prince’s' Feather. M. p. 363. Escaped a from gardens into. waste grounds. Late summer. 12. Ponyconum Vircinianum L. M. p. 363. Woods. Summer. 13, Pouyeonum * AVICULARE L. Deer: weed. M. p. 363. Yards and., waste ground. Summer. , 14. PoLyaonum Litbokata Link., M, p. 363. Waste places. Late summer. Northampton—Easton, Porter (B. C.). 15. Ponyconum Maritimum L.: M. p. 364.. Seacoast. Summer. *16. PoLyeonum EREcTUM L. M. p, 364. Moist or dry soil. Summer. 17. PotyeonuM RAMOSISSIMUM Michx. M, p. 364. Saline soil. Summer. Cape May—Anglesea, Sea Isle (Li. - ‘Cape May (U. O, 8.). Atlantic — Atlantic City (C.). Monmouth — —— ne (C.). Middlesex — Woodbridge (Cc. ). me ie New ‘Castle—Port Penn (Pr.), Collins Beach, Commons. 18, Powoowwm TENUE Michx. M. P 365. Dry soil. Summer. 19. Porygonum ConvouvuLtis L. Black Bindweed. M. P- 365. Waste and am cultivated grounds. Summer. ihre 8 20. Poyconum CILINODE Michx. M. p. 365. Rocky: pitiealt stam _Bucks—Tullytown (Cr.): Montgomery—Shannonville (¢r.). Berks— Hamburg (He.). Lehigh — as _(Kr.). Northampton — Easton, Porter (B. G.). 0, a vad 21. Poryconum scanpens L. Climbing False Buckwheat. M. ‘p.' 365. Moist thickets. Summer. 22. PoLYGONUM CRISTATUM ‘Walaa. & Gray. M. P. 365. paney moots and rocky banks. Summer. Oot. eee hy Delaware—Castle Rock,,(P.). as 23. Pouyconum ZucvaRinit Small. Japanese Knotweed, M. p. 366. Oc- easionally escaped from gardens. Summer. — Philadelphia — - Fairmount . Park .(He.) .(Ke.) 36th and Woodland Avenue (Mac. ). . Montgomery—Shannonville (Cr.). Bucks—Penn Val- * ley: (Fr.). Délaware—Lansdowne (Gi.) (Pe.). eat : Gloucester —Near Mickleton. (He.). ‘ New Castle—Gilpin Avenue and Jackson, Street, Canby. 24, PoLyconum sAgrrrarta''L: “Arrow-leaved Tear-thumb. M, p. 866, Low grounds., Summer.., 2 aceon 25: PonycoNUM ARIFOLIUM L. Rathod! leaved : ‘eor-thumb. M. p. 366. Low grounds. Summer. ‘ 4 132 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 4, POLYGONELLA. Michx. 1. PoLYGONELLA ARTICULATA (L.) Metsu M. P. 367. Sandy soil near the eoast. Summer. Order 10. CHENOPODIALES. Fruit a utricle (see also last genera of Caryophyllaceae).' Flowers bractless, or, if bracted, the bracts not scarious;. sepals green or greenish. Fam. 1, Chenopodiaceae. Flowers ‘bracted, the bracts, and also the sepals mostly scarious. Fam. 2. Amaranthaceae. Fruit fleshy, enclosing several carpels; a.berry. Fam. 3., Phytolaccaceae.: Fruit an anthocarp, the. persistent base of the | corolla-like calyx enclosing a utricle. -’ Fam. 4, | Nyctaginaceae. Fruit a capsule, dehiscent by valves, or teeth (utricular in Anychia, Paronychia, and Scleranthus of the Caryophyllaceae). Gapsule 2-several-celled; petals none. Fam. 5, Aigoaceae. Capsule 1-celled; petals mostly present. ‘ Sepals 2. Fam. 6. Portulaccaceae, Sepals 5 or 4, distinet or united. Fam. ‘7. Caryophyllaceae. Family 1. CHENOPODIACEAE Dumort. Goosefoot Family. Embryo annular or conduplicate, not spirally. coiled; endosperm copious (except in. Salicornia), ; Leaty herbs; endosperm copious. Flowers perfect or some of then pistillate j calyx herbaceous or fleshy. Calyx Terbaeeant or = stisitly fleshy in fruit;. “Aesatiea in panicled spikes. | 1. Chenopodium. Fruiting calyx ary, strongly reticulated; eaves pinnatifid. 2. Roubieva. Calyx very fleshy aad bright , red in fruits flowers densely capitate. 3.. Blitum. Flowers monecious or diccious;'‘calyx of pistillate flowers none; fruit .enclosed ,by two braetlets. , 4. Atriplen. Leatless, fleshy herbs with opposite branches ; endosperm none. 5. Salicornia. Embryo spitally coiled: ; endosperm little or none. Fruiting calyx wingless; leaves fleshy, not spiny. 6. Dondia.. Fruiting calyx bordered by a thin horizontal wing; leaves very spin 7, Salsola. 1. CHENOPODIUM Te Embryo a complete ring. Leaves white-mealy on the lower surface. Leaves or some of them sinuate-toothed or lobed. Sepals strongly keeled in fruit. 1. C. album. Sepals not keeled in fruit; stems decumbent. 2. C0. glaucum. Leaves mostly’ entire, spaasiiciee hiner or oblong. err 3.0. fontovhatlun: Leaves green and glabrous or nearly so on both surfaces when mature. Leaves oblong or ovate-oblong, entire. 4. C. polyspermum. Leaves, at least the lower, sinuate, toothed or incised. Stamens 5; calyx not fleshy. © Pericarp readily separable from the seed. 5. C. Boscianum. Pericarp firmly attached to the seed. Flower clusters, at least the upper, longer than the leaves. CHENOPODIACEAE. 133 Leaves oblong, rhombic-ovate or lanceolate, nar- rowed at the base. , 1a.d. album viride. Leaves triangular-ovate, truncate or subcordate at base. 6. C. ‘urbicwm. Spikes loosely panicled’ in' the axils, the panicles shorter than the leaves. .- 7. C. murale. Stamens only 1 or 2; calyx slightly fleshy, red. 9. C. rubrum. Leaves very coarsely toothed. 8. C. hybridum. Embryo an incomplete ring. Leaves ovate or oblong, pinnately_ iobed; flowers in long loose panicles, 10. C. Botrys. Leaves lanceolate; flowers in continuous or interrupted spikes. Spikes borne in. the axils of the numerous small upper leaves. 11. C. ambrosioides. Spikes in large commonly leafless terminal panicles. ‘12. C. anthelminticum. 1, CHENOPODIUM ALBUM L. Goosefoot, Pigweed, Lamb ’s Quarters. _M. p. 369. Waste places. Summer. ; la. CHENOPODIUM ALBUM VIRIDE (L.) Mog. M. p. 369. Waste places. Summer. Philadelphia— West Philadelphia (Mac.). Lancaster—(P.). Northampton—Easton, Porter (B. C.). Gloucester—Swedesboro (Li.). is 2. CHENOPODIUM GLAUCUM L. Oak-leaved Goosefoot. M. p. 369. Waste places. Summer. Philadelphia—Andalusia, Maré.’ (B. C.), Germantown (Me.), Phila~ delphia, streets and lots (Pr.). Bucks—Sellersville (Fr.). Camden — Kaighns Point (Te.). Gloucester — Swedesboro *“(Li.). Salem— Woodstown (Wa.). faa , 2. 8, Tragus. J. Sausota Kaui L. Saltwort. M. p. 377. Sandy sea-shores. Summer. Philadelphia—Navy, Yard, Porter (Ca)... moo sae New Jersey—Common. ~ ; New Castle—Collins’ Beach, Fort! Delaware. 2, SaLsoLA Tracus L. Russian Thistle. M. p. 377. Fields and waste places. Summer. 1 Bucks—Telford (Fr.). Family 2. AMARANTHACEAE J. St. Hil. Amaranth Family. alyx 5-parted or of 5 sepals. "4 1. Amaranthus. Calyx of the pistillate flowers wanting. 2. Acnida 1. AMARANTHUS L. AMARANTH, PIGWEED. Utricle cireumscissile, the top falling away as a lid. Flowers, at least the upper, in dense terminal spikes. Axils not spine-bearing. ee) Spikes stout, 8-14 mm. thick. 1. A. retroflexus. Spikes slender, 4-6 mm. thick. 2. A. hybridus. A pair of stout spines in each axil. 3. A. spinosus. Flowers in small axillary clusters, mostly shorter than the leaves. “«.% Plant prostrate; sepals 4 or 5. ° 4. A. blitoides. Plant bushy-branched; sepals.3../. © - 8. A. graecizans, * 136 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Utricle indehiscent, membranous, coriaceous or fleshy. Upper flowers in terminal, more or less elongated spikes. 6. A. lividus. _ Flowers in small axillary clusters, shorter than the leaves. ° 7. A. pumilus. 1. AMARANTHUS RETROFLEXUS L. M.p.378. Cultivated grounds. Autumn. 7 2. AMARANTHUS HyBRIDUS L, M. p. 378. Waste grounds. Autumn. \ 2a. AMARANTHUS HYBRIDUS PANICULATUS (L.) Uline & Bray. M. p. 378. Waste grounds. Autumn. ae *X 3. AMARANTHUS sPINosUS L. M. p. 378. Waste grounds. Summer. 4, AMARANTHUS BLITOIDES 8, Wats. M. p. 378. Waste places. Summer and fall, ie : , : Philadelphia— —Ballast (P.). ' Bucks—Quakertown (Fr.). Camden—Kaighn’s Point (He.) (Wn.). Middlesez—New Brunswick (He.). New Castle—Fourth street below Clayton, Dupont. 5. AMARANTHUS GRAECIZANS L. Tumble-weed. M. p. 378. Waste grounds. Summer. 6. AMARANTHUS LivipuS L. M. p. 379, Waste places. Summer. '" “Philadelphia—Ballast (P.). 7. AMARANTHUS PUMILUS Raf. M. p. 379. Sea-beaches. Summer. Philadelphia—Ballast (P.). Atlantic—Atlantic City (Pr.). 2, ACNIDA L, 1, AcNIDA CANNABINA L.. Water-hemp. M. p. 380. Salt or brackish marshes. Summer. Family 3. PHYTOLACCACEAE Lindl. Poke-weed Family. 1, PHYTOLACCA L, 1. PHyToLAccA DECANDRA L. Poke-weed. M. p. 381. Waste places, woods and meadows. Summer. Family 4. NYCTAGINACEAE Lind). Four-o’clock Family. Involuecre of united bracts; pair of leaves equal. 1. Allionia. Involucre of separate bracts; pair of leaves mostly unequal. 2. Abronia. 1, ALLIONIA Loef. 1, ALLIONIA NYCTAGINEA Michx. Umbrella-wort. M. p. 382. Introduced. Summer. Philadelphia— Wayne Junction P. & R. Railroad. Mercer—Near Lawrence Station (Br.). 2, ABRONIA Juss. 1, ABRONIA MIicRANTHA (Torr.) Chois. M. p. 383. Introduced. Summer. Cape May—Avalon (Ke.) (Le.). : CARYOPHYLLACEAE. 137 Family 5. AIZOAOEAE A. Br. Carpet-weed Family. Fleshy sea-coast herbs; leaves opposite; capsule circumscissile. 1. Sesuvium. Not fleshy; leaves in our mere verticillate ; 7 capsule 3-valved, 2. Mollugo. : o SESUVIUM L. ‘1. Smsuvium marivimumM (Walt.) B. 8, P. Sea Purslane. M. p. 384. Sands of the seashore. Summer. 7 : 2. MOLLUGO L. 1. MouLueo vervicrunata L. Carpet-weed. M. p. 384. Waste places and cultivated grounds. Summer. 3 Family 6. PORTULACACEAE Reichenb. Purslane Family. Calyx. free from the ovary; capsule 3-valved. * Seeds numerous; stamens 10-30. 1. Talinum. . Seeds not more than 6; stamens 2-5. | 2. Claytonia. Calyx partly adnate to the ovary; capsule circumscissile. 3. Portulaca. 4 ever Ts 1. TALINUM Adans. 1. TALINUM TERETIFOLIUM Pursh. Fame Flower. M. p. 385. Serpentine barrens. Summer. Delaware — Marple, Dr. Geo. Smith (B. Sm. ). Chester — Westtown, West Chester (Me.) (Pr.), West Bradford Twp. (St.). Lancaster—New Texas (Ca.). 2. CLAYTONIA L. 1, CLaytonra Vireinica L. Spring Beauty. M. p. 385. Moist woods. Spring. 3. PORTULACA L. Glabrous throughout; flowers small, yellow. 1, P. oleracea. Pilose pubescent, especially in the axils.. 2. P. pilosa. 1. Porrunaca oLeRAcEA L. Purslane. M. p. 386. Cultivated and waste grounds. Summer. 4 2, Portunaca Prtosa L. M. p. 386. Ballast. Summer. Camden—Camden (He.). Family 7. CARYOPHYLLACEAE Reichenb. Pink Family. *Calyx of united sepals, tubular or ovoid. Calyx-ribs at least twice as many as the teeth, running both into the teeth and into the sinuses. Styles 5, alternate with the foliaceous calyx-teeth. 1. Agrostemma. Styles a rarely 4. 2. Silene. Styles 5 and opposite the short calyx-teeth, capsule 1-celled to base. 3. Lychnis. Calyx 5-ribbed, 5-nerved, or nerveless, or striate-nerved. Petals appendaged at the base of the blade. 4. Saponaria, Petals not appendaged at the base of the blade. : Calyx strongly 5-angled, not bracteolate. 5. Vaccaria. Calyx terete or nearly so, subtended by bractlets. 6. Dianthus. 138 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. **Calyx of distinct sépals, or the 'sepals united only at the base. Fruit a capsule, dehiscent by apical teeth or valves. Styles separate to the base;, stipules wanting. Plants not fleshy; disk of ‘the flower inconspicuous or none. Petals deeply 2-cleft or 2-parted (rarely none). Capsule ovoid or oblong, dehiscent by valves. 7. Alsine. Capsule eylindrie, commonly Sas dehiscent by teeth. : . Cerastium. Petals entire or emarginate (rarely Lor i Capsule! cylindric. :': 9. Holostewm. Capsule ovoid or oblong. : Styles as many as the sepals. | 10. Sagina. Styles fewer than the sepals.) =. Seeds not appendaged by a strophiole. ae gh ah Hi Sy bbe Il. Arenaria. aoe Seeds strdphiolate. "1/1" 12. Moehringia. Plants fleshy, maritime, disk conspicuous, 8- 10-lobed. : 13. Ammodenia. na \ Styles separate to the base; stipules scarious. p48 Styles ‘and capsule-valves 5. 14. Spee gaclln Styles and capsule-valvés 3. a ' 15. Tissa. Fruit an indehiscent or apegmenly: bursting utricle or achene. Leaves stipulate. «| dae: Sepals awn-tipped, Sepals awuless. Jeaves not stipulate. es all Nt ads AGROSTEMMA L. 1. Acrostemma GitHaco L. Corn Cockle. M. p. 388. In grain fields and waste places. Summer. .),, | 16. Paronychia. 17, Anychia. 18.; Scleranthus. ‘2, SILENE L. Carcnriy, Campion. Leaves, or some of them, verticillate in 4’s. 1.8. stellata. Leaves all opposite. ge i oa Calyx much inflated and bladdery. Flowers few, leafy-bracted. | a) te 2. 8. alba. ’ Flowers numerous, in leafless cymes, © 3. 8. vulgaris. ‘Calyx merely ‘expanded by the ripening pod.. Flowers cymose or paniculate. ‘ Day-blooming, flowers rarely white, mostly pink or red. Perennials, more or less viscid-pubescent. ' Petals 2-cleft, 2-lobed, or irregularly incised, “sedrlét or crimson. 4. 8. Virginica. Petals erose, entity or emarginate, ae . 8. Caroliniana. Annuals, glutinous: at or below the stds Calyx ovoid. _ 6S. antirrhina, Calyx elub-shaped ; flowers large, : ae : . S..Armeria. Night-blooming, flowers. large, white. : S. noctiflora, Flowers spicate or racemose, short-pedicelled. ‘Spike-like. raceme simple; flowers small. 9. 8. Anglica. Raceme forked; flowers 12-16 mm. broad. 10. §. dichotoma. 1, SILENE sTELLATA (L.) Ait. Starry Campion. M. p.'889: Woods. Summer. tie... a 2. SILENE ALBA Muhl. M. p. 389. Shaded or moist places. Summer. . Lancaster — Peach Bottom (Ca.) (Pr.), York Furnace (Cr.) (Le.), mouth of Tuequan Creek (St.), Safe Harbor (W. Tr.). _ CARY OPHYLLACEAK. 139 8. SILENE vULGARIS -(Moench.).Garcke. Bladder Campion. M. p. 389. Ballast. Summer. Philadelphia—Greenwich Point (Te.), Wayms Junction (Wn. ). North- ampton—(P.). _Camden—Kaighn’s Point (He.) (Wn.). Mercer—Trenton (C.). 4, Sitene Vuterntca L. Fire Pink, Catchfly. M. p. 390. Dry woods. Summer. Camden—Camden (C.). trlounestor—- Woodbury (Gi.). New Cheetiar= Te iam, Dr. FB. Brinton (He.), aaron ’s, Mount Cuba, or Me? 5. SILENE CaROLiniana Walt. Wild Pinks “M. p. ‘390. Dry sandy or " ' yoekty' soil. Spring, 9 ae ay, Won EN 6. SILENE anTinRHINA L.. Sleepy Catchfly. M. p. tee Waste places and ..woods,, Summer. oh, oo 7. SILENE Apaciee i. Sweat Wien Catchy. M. p. 390.. Escaped from gardens. Early summer. . slic ds 8. SILENE NocTiIFLORA L. mia ors cate M. p. 391. Waste places. Summer, «+ :... Phy pd 9. SILENE ANneLIcA L. M. p. 391. Ballast. Spring. * Philadelphia— Wayne Junction (Br. )s Greenwich Point, I. Burk (He). , Narthampton—(P.). ‘ Camden—Kaighn’s Point, C. A. Boice (B. GC.) (Ja.). 10. SILENE DICHOTOMA Ehrh. ‘M. Pp. 391. ‘Waste places. Summer. Mercer—Trenton (0. os, 8. LYCHNIS L. Calyx-teeth risk iisted; plants pubescent, glandular or: glabrate. Fruiting calyx much enlarged, ovoid or globose. Flowers white or pink, opening in the ‘srening. “1s ZL. alba, Flowers red, opening in the morning. an” 2. DL. dioica. Fruiting calyx campanulate or tubular. 3. L. Flos-cuculi. Calyx-teeth twisted, plant white-woolly all over. ..., 4 L. Coronaria. 1. LyYcENIS, ALBA Mill. ociiig Lychnis. M, p- 392, Waste places and on ballast. Summer. Philadelphia— Ballast, ‘CG. A. Boice (B. C.), Falls of Schuylkill (Pr.), Neck (VP.). Bucks + Doylestown, A. S. Martin; Sellersville (Fr.). Delaware — Lansdowne (Pe.), Swarthmore (Pr.), Coneord (W. Tr.). Northampton—(P.). Camden — Kaighn’s Point, Ancora (Mar.) (Sch.). Gloucester — Swedesboro (Li.), National Park cee ). -Monmouth—Long Branch (C.). Mercer—Trenton (C.). a nea) Ss New -Castle—Pocopsin, T. F. Savery’s, Gilpin Ave, . Lycunis piorca L. Red Campion, M. p, 392, Waste places, and bal- last. Summer. Lancaster—Safe Harbor (P. ‘sg Camden—Ballast (C.).° Mercer—Pennington, Trenton (C.).’ 3. Lycunis Fios-cucutt L. Cuckoo-flowér, Ragged Robin. M. p. 392. Moist or marshy places. Summer. Philadelphia—(P.). Bueks—Morrisville, Carversville (Ws.). 140 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 4, Lycunis Coronaria (L.) Desr. Rose Campion. M. p. 392. Escaped from cultivation. Summer. 4, SAPONARIA L. 1. Saponaria OFFICINALIS L. Soapwort, Bouncing Bet. M. p. 393. Road- sides and waste places.’ Summer. 5. VACCARIA Medic. 1. Vaccaria Vaccaria (L.) Britton. Cow-herb. M. p. 394. Waste places and ballast. Summer. Philadelphia— West Philadelphia, J. Burk (Fu. ), Girard Point, Green- wich Point (Te.). Bucks—Sellersville (Fr.). ‘Northampton— (P.). Burlington—Pemberton (C.). Camden—Kaighn’s Point. Atlantic— May’s Landing (C.). Mercer—Trenton, Dr. Atkinson (Ws.). Humnter- don—Rosemont (C.). New Castle—Centerville, Commons. 6. DIANTHUS L. Pink, Carnation. Annuals. Bracts broad, scarious, 1, D. prolifer. Bracts narrow, herbaceous, long-pointed. 2. D. Armeria. Perennials. ; 3. D. barbatus. 1, DIANTHUS PROLIFER L. M. p. 394. Waste places and ballast. Summer. Philadelphia — Gray’s Ferry, Mart. (B. C.), Bartram’s Garden (Cr.) (Te.), Wissahickon near Megargee’s Mill (Je.). 2. DiantHuUS ARMERIA L. Deptford Pink. M. p. 394, Fields and road- sides. Summer. 3. DIANTHUS BARBATUS L. Sweet William. M. p. 394. Escaped from cultivation. Summer, 7. ALSINE L. CHICKWEED, STITCHWoORT. Styles 5; leaves ovate, 2-5 em. long. 1. A, aquatica. Styles 3, rarely 4. Leaves broad, ovate, or ovate-oblong or oblong. Plants glabrous, or with a few scattered hairs. 2. A. wliginosa. Stems with 1 or 2 pubescent lines; petioles often ciliate. Petals shorter than the calyx, lower leaves petioled. 3. A. media. Petals longer than the calyx; lower leaves aes petioled, . A. pubera. Leaves narrow, linear, oblong, oblanceolate or ue Leaves linear, acute at each end; seeds smooth. 5. A. longifolia, Leaves lanceolate, broadest below; seeds rough. 6. A. graminea. 1, ALSINE aquatica (L.) Britton. M. p. 395. Ballast. Summer. Philadelphia— Ballast, C. A. Boice (B. C.), Fairmount Park (P.). 2, ALSINE ULIGINosA (Murr.) Britton. Bog Starwort. M. p. 395. Cold brooks and springs. Summer, 3. ALSINE MEDIA L. Common Chickweed. M. p. 895. Cultivated grounds, meadows and woods. All year. CARYOPHYLLACEAE. . 141 4, ALSINE PUBERA (Michx.) Britton. Great Chickweed. M.p.395. Shaded rocks. Spring. Philadelphia—Valleys of Schuylkill and Wissahickon (Br.). Bucks— Near Sellersville (Fr.). Montgomery—Valley of Schuylkill (Br.), Sum- ‘neytown (Ke.). Delaware—(P.). Chester—(P.). Lancaster—Peach Bottom, Haines’ Station (Ca.). © 5, ALSINE LONGIFOLIA (Muhl.) Britton. Long- leaved Stitchwort. M. p. pees 396. Low meadows and swamps. Spring. © é 6, ALSINE GRaminEgd'(L.) Britton. ‘Fields’ and roadsides. Spring. Philadelphia— Shawmont (Sa.), Chestnut Hill (VP.). Bucks—Tully- town (Ja.). Montgomery—Ivy Rock (Le. ),, Areola (Mar.). Delaware— Lansdowne (Pe. ). Burlington—Moorestown; Jos. Walton (He:). .8,,CERASTIUM L., .Mouss-EAR Concryannps Petals agiiitiny the sepals, or shorter. Me Pedicels not longer than the sepals; flowers glomerate. eu 1. C. viscosum. Pedicels at enti longer than the sepals; flowers cymose. Leaf-blades: less than 4 mm. long; sepals 3-3.5 mm. long; capsules 5-7 mm. long. 2. C, semidecandrum. Leaf-blades ' over 4 mm. long; ‘sepails 5-6 wm. long; capsules 7-10 mm. long. ' 3.:C. vulgatum. Petals manifestly longer than the sepals. (rarely wanting). Annuals, viscid pubescent; flowers 4-6 mm. broad. ... 4. C. longipedunculatum. Perennials, glabrous or pubescent; flowers 10-20 mm. broad. 5. C. arvense. ‘1. CeRASTIUM viscosum L. M. p.397. Waste places and meadows. Spring. 2. CERASTIUM SEMIDECANDRUM L. M. p. 397. Dry sterile soil. Spring. Lancaster—(P.). 7 Atlantio—May ’g Landing (C.). 3. CERASTIUM VULGATUM L. M. p. 397. Fields and copses. Summer. 4. CERASTIUM LONGIPEDUNCULATUM Muhl. M. p.397. Moist, shaded places. Spring. . 5. CERASTIUM ARVENSE L, M. p.'398. Dry and rocky places. Spring. 5a. CERASTIUM ARVENSE OBLONGIFOLIUM (Torr.) Holl. & Britton. M. p. 398. Rocky places. Spring. ‘ Bucks—New Hope (Sts.). Delaware— Williamson (Cr.), Media (He.) (Sa.), barrens of Middletown (B. Sm.). Chester—Near Oxford, Porter (B.-C.), Westtown (Ha.) (Le.). Lancaster—(P.). Dauphin—(P.). 5b, CERASTIUM ARVENSE VELUTINUM (Raf.) Britton. M. p. 398. Rocky places. Spring. Delaware—Mineral Hill (He.), Cheyney (Ws.). Chester—(P.). Lan- caster—New Texas (Cos 9. HOLOSTEUM L. 1 Hovosteum UMBELLATUM L. M. p. 398. Fields and roadsides. Spring. Lancaster—Lancaster, A. A. Heller (B. C.), Conestoga (Li.). Dauphin —Black Horse, Middletown (S. Tr.). 142 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. New-Castle—Centerville, Commons; Newark, Canby; Mt. Cuba, Tatnall. 10. SAGINA L. PrarLwort. Parts of the flower in 4’s (or some of the flowers in 5’s).' Plant depressed, spreading, petals present. 1. S. procumbens. Plant erect; petals very minute or none. 2. S. apetala, Parts of the flower in 5’s. 3. 8. decumbens. 1. Sacina ProcumBENS L. M. p. 399. Moist places. Spring and. summer. Philadelphia—Streets and yards between paving bricks. Northampton —Streets of Bath (P.). - lee Camden—Streets and ballast, Camden (C.). Monmouth— Asbury Park (Te.). Mercer —Streets, Princeton (C.). New Castle—Quarryville, Commons; Tenth street pear Orange; ‘side- yard, 1803 Market street, ete. 2. Sacina aPETALA Ard. M. p. 399. Dry soil. Early summer. Bucks—Near Sellersville (Fr.). Lancaster—(P.). Burlington—Hanover (C.). Camden—Ballast (C.). 3. SAGINA DECUMBENS (Ell.) T. & G. M. p. 399. Dry soil. Spring. Burlington—Pemberton (Te.). Camden—Gloucester and ballast (C.). Gloucester — Westville (Wn.). Salem—Mouth of Game Creek (C.). Cape May—Wildwood (He.) (Li.). Atlantic—Egg Harbor, Dr. J. B. Brinton (He.) (Sts.), Atlantie City, May's Landing (C.), Hammonton (W. Tr.). Monmouth—Deal (C.). 3a. Sacra DECUMBENS SmiTHu (A. Gray) 8. Watson. M, p. 399. Damp soil, Spring: ' Atlantic— Atlantic City, Somers’ Point, (C.). 11. ARENARIA L. Sanpwort. Valves of the capsule 2-cleft or 2- toothed, sometimes appearing as if double the number of styles. 1. A. serpyllifolia. Valves of the capsule entire. ; Leaves densely imbricated, pine-barren species. 2. A. Caroliniana. Leaves fascicled in the axils. 3. A. Michausii. 1. ARENARIA SERPYLLIFOLIA L. M, p. 400. Sandy, waste places. Summer. 2, ARENARIA CAROLINIANA Walt. M. p. 401. Dry sand. Summer. New Jersey—Common in pine-barrens. 8. ARENARIA MicHauxmt (Fenzl.) Hook.:f.. M. p. 401. Rocks and dry wooded banks. Summer. Bucks—Near Point Pleasant (Fr.), Narrowsville (Li.), below Riegels- yille (Ws.). Montgomery—Ivy Rock. . Chester —West Chester, Mart. (B. C.) (He.) (Pr.). Lancaster—(P.). Northampton—(P.). New Castle—Serpéntine, Christiana Hd., Commons. 12. MOEHRINGIA L. 1. MOEHRINGIA LATERIFLORA (L.) Fenzl. M. p. 402. Moist places. Sum- mer, j Bucks—Rock Hill (Fr.). Montgomery—Bryn Mawr (Gi.). Delaware —Near State Line (Ta.). Chester—(P.). Lancaster—(P.). CARYOPHYLLACEAE. 143 Camden—Lindenwold (VP.). Cape May— Anglesea, Dr. J. B. Brinton (He.). Atlantic—Atlantie City. 13. AMMODENIA J. G. Gmel. gn 88 1. AMMODENIA PEPLOIDES (L.) Rupr. Sea-beach Sandwort. “M. p. 402. Sands of the seashore. Summer. ; 14, SPERGULA L. 1. SpeRGuULA ARVENSIS L. Corn Spurrey. M, p. 402, places. Summer. Fields and waste 15. TISSA Adans, Sanp SpPurRey. Species of salt marshes or sea-beaches; leaves very fleshy. Species mostly of dry, sandy soil; leaves scarcely fleshy. M. p. 403. Salt marshes. Summer. 1. T. marina. 2. T. rubra. 1. Tissa MARINA (L.). Britton. New Jersey—Common. New Castle—Deakynes, rare. 2, Tissa RuBRA (L,) Britton, M. p. 403. also seacoast. Philadelphia—Navy Yard, Mart. (B. C.), streets of ai Bucks — kasie (Fr.). Lancaster—(P.). Dauphin—(P.). Camden—Kaighn’s Point (Te.). Gloucester—Mickleton (C.). Cape May — Sea Isle (Li.), Cape May Court-house (U. C. 8.). Atlantic — Atlantic City. Middlesex—New Brunswick (C.). ; Waste places and roadsides; Per- -16, PARONYCHIA Adans. 1, PARONYCHIA. aRGyRocoMA (Michx,) Nutt. Whitlow-wort. M. p, 404. Rocks. Summer. ' Philadelphia— Wissahickon (Je.). Delaware—Rockdale, Dr. Geo. Mar- tin (Fu) (B. Sm.). Northampton—Pen Argyle (U. C. S.). 17. ANYCHLA. Miehx. Pubescent; flowers sessile; stems mostly prostrate or ascending. 1. A. dichotoma. Glabrous or nearly so; flowers pedicelled; stems usually oS . A. Canadensis. 1. ANYCOHIA DICHOTOMA Michx. M. p. 405. Open sae and dry woods. Summer. 2, ANYOHIA CANADENSIS (L.) B.S. P.M. p. 405. Dry woodlands. Sum- mer. es 18, SCLERANTHUS L. 1, ScLERANTHUS ANNUUS L. Knawel,. M. p. 405. Fields and waste places. Spring to autumn, ‘Order 11. RANALES. Aquatic nena ;, floating leaves pe or with a:basal sinus. Carpels 3 or more; petals large; floating leaves not dissected. Fam. 1. Mymphaeaceae. ' 144 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Pistil 1; petals none; leaves whorled, all:submerged and dissected. ‘ Fam. 2. Ceratophyllaceae. Land or marsh plants (some Ranunculaceae aquatic). Stamens numerous; sepals distinct; petals present (except in some . Ranunculaceae). Receptacle not hollow; leaves alternate (except in Clematis). . Flowers perfect (except in some species of Clematis and Tha: lictrum). Fruit aggregate, cone-like; trees; sepals and petals in 3 series or more, of 3. Fam. 3. Magnoliaceae. Fruit not aggregate; the carpels separate, at least when mature. xe Anthers not epenmig: by valves; pistils usually more than 1, Sepals 33 petals 6; shrubs or trees. a Fam. 4... Anonaceae. 3 Sepals 3-15; petals: Lomas present) about .as many,, Fam. 5, Ranunculaceae. Anthers opening by valves’ (except in Podophyllum) ; pistil 1. Fam..6. Berberidaceae. Diecious climbing vines with simple leaves; fruit, drupaceous. Fam. 7. Menispermaceae. Receptacle hollow, enclosing the numerous pistils’ and’ achenes; opposite-leaved shrubs. Fam. 8. -. Calycanthaceae. ‘Stamens 9- 12, in 3 or 4 series: of. 3; anthers opening by. valves; aro- matie trees or shrubs with no petals, more or less united sepals, and 1 pistil..,, 3 fee Fam. 9. Lauraceae. Family 1. NYMPHAEACEAE DC. Water-lily Family. _ Sepals and petals 3; stamens 6, hypogynous; carpels distinct; ovules few. Leaves dissected, excepting the small floating: ones. 1. Cabomba. ., Leaves peltate, entire, floating. , 2. Brasenia. Sepals 4-6; petals numerous or several, ‘carpels united; ‘ovules numerous. -' . Petals small or minute; stamens hypogynous. ‘3. Nymphaea. Petals latge, numerous, stamens epigynous. . 4. Castalia. Sepals 4-5; petals numerous; carpels distinct, immersed, in the receptacle. 5. Nelumbo. 1. CABOMBA Aubl. 1. CasoMBa CAROLINIANA A. Gray. M. p. 406. Ponds and slow streams. Summer. cr . Camden— Timber Creek (Br.).. N ew Castle— Established in Fish Ponds. a " 5 2. BRASENIA Schreb. 1. BaAaenra - PURPUREA (Michx.) Casp. Water: -shield. M. p. 406. Ponds and slow streams. Summer 3. NYMPHAEA L. SparteEr-pocxk. Leaves 1-3 dm. long; stigma 12-24-rayed; petals truncate, fleshy. 1. N. advena. Leaves 0.5-2.5 dm. long; stigma 7-10-rayed; petals spatulate, thin. 2. N. variegata. 1. NYMPHAEA ADVENA Soland. Spatter Dock. M. p. 407. Still or stagnant water., Summer. MAGNOLIACEAE. 145 2. NYMPHAEA VARIEGATA Engelm. M. p. 407. (N. Kalmiana.) Still or stagnant water. Summer. Bucks— Warwick Twp.:(B. C.), Tohickon (Fr.). . Lancaster—Tucquan (Ca.), York Furnace (He.), Collins’ Ferry (P.). Lehigh—Lehigh Gap (Kr.). Burlington—Barrack Creek, Atsion (C.). Camden—Clementon (Wa.). Atlantic—May’s Landing (Li.). Mercer—Trenton (Wn). ‘ 4, CASTALIA Salish. “Watmr-Lity. 1. Casas, oporata (Dryand) Woody. & Wood. Water-Lily. ‘M. p. 407. Ponds and slow streams. Summer. Ja, CASTALIA ODORATA ROSEA (Pursh.) Britton. M. p. 407. Ponds. Sum- mer. a ae Pr Salem— Woodstown (C.)... Ocean— Manchester (C.). "5, NELUMBO Adans. Sacrep BEAN. Flowers pale yellow. : ‘1. N. lutea. Flowers pink or white. 2. N. Nelumbo. 1, NELUMBO LUTEA (Willd.) Pers. American Lotus. M. p. 408. Ponds _ and ditches. Summer. é : Philadelphia—Schuylkill (Ca.). Delaware—Mareus Hook (B. 8m.). Salem— Woodstown, Sharptown. New Castle—Established i in Fish Ponds. 2, Nevumso Nezumpo (L.) eawaly ‘Indian Lotus? Mt. p. 408. Ponds. Summer. : Burlington— Bordentown ((.). Family 2. CERATOPHYLLACEAE A. Gray. 1 CERATOPHYLLUM L. 1, CERATOPHYLLUM DEMERSUM L. Hornwort. M. Ss 409. Slow streams and ponds. Summer. _Philadelphia—Byberry, Mart. (B. G.). ‘Bucks—Penn_ Valley (Wn.). . Delaware—Concord (W. Tr.). Chester — (P.). Lancaster—Safe' ‘Harbor, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.), York Furnace (Ke.) (U. C. S.). _ Lehigh— Lehigh River, Hanover (Kr.). Northampton—(P.). Dauphin— (P.). Camden—In Delaware (C.). Gloucester —Mullica Hill, Repaupo (C.), Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). Mercer—Trenton, Princeton (C.). New Castle—Common. Family 3. MAGNOLIACEAE J. St. Hil. Magnolia Family. Anthers introrse ; leaves entire or with 2 basal lobes. Al, Magnolia. Anthers extrorse; leaves lobed or truncate. ED 2. Liviodendron: 1. MAGNOLIA L. Leaves 2-5 dm. long, light green beneath; corolla higher than broad. 1. UM. tripetala. Leaves 0.7-1.5 dm. long, glaucous beneath; corolla broader than high. . 2. M. Virginiana. 46 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. ¥. Maenonia TRIPETALA L. Umbrella-tree.. M. p. 409.. Woods.and in eul- th tivation. Spring. : Philadelphia—Bartram’s Garden, Zoélogical.Garden, ete. Lancaster— Along Susquehanna (Ca.), York Furnace, Fites Eddy »(Le.), Tucquan Creek (Pr.). 2. MaGNoLia VIRGINIANA L. Sweet Bay. M. p. 409. Swamps. Early summer. Philadelphia—Bartram’s, Garden (Pe.).. Bucks—Tullytown (Cr.), near Bristol (Fr.).. Montgomery— Willow Grove (Ja.) (Mae.). Delaware— Tinicum (Fu.) (B. Sm.) (8. Tr.), near Lazaretto (Pr.), Concord (‘W. Tr.). Chester—Bank of Octoraro ‘Creek (Ca.). Lancaster—(P.). New Jersey—Common. | New Castle—Common. %- Macnoura Frasert Walt. M, p. 409. Cultivated. Spring. ¥ MAGNOLIA MACROPHYLLA Michx, M, p..409. Cultivated. Spring. . Maenouia acuminata L, Cucwmber-tree. M.p.410. Cultivated. Spring. - 2. LIRIODENDRON L. 1, Liriopenpron TuLipirera L. Tulip-tree. M. p. 410. Rich soil. Early summer. Family 4. ANONACEAE DC. Custard-apple Family. 1, ASIMINA Adans, 1. Astmina TRILOBA (L.) Dunal. Papaw. M. p. 410. Along’ streams. _ Spring. Philadelphia — Bartram’s Garden, Wissahickon and Schuylkill (Me.). Bucks—Rock Hill (Fr.). Montgomery—Above Manayunk (He.), Lafa- yette (Sa.) (Wn.), Flat Rock Tunnel (Te.). Delaware—Near Leedum’s Mills, Marple, Dr. Geo. Smith; Glen Mills, Ivy Mills, 'W. S. Barker (Fu.), Swarthmore (Pe.), Concord (W. Tr.), Painter ’s Arboretum, Media (Ws.). Chester—French Creek (S. Tr.). Lancaster —York Furnace (Cr.) (Ke.) (Li.), Susquehanna Valley (Le.) (Pr.). Berks—Reading ((Wn.). Dau- phin—Rockville, Steelton (Wn.). ‘ se Atlantic—Thompsontown (C.). Mercer—On Crosswick’s Creek (C.). Hunterdon—Ridges Island (C.).. he ee tee et Os New Castle — Jessups, Tatnall; Dupont’s, Allapokas, Stanton, Faulk- land, Ashland, ete. ” Family 6. RANUNCULACEAE Juss. Crowfoot Family. . Carpels several- ovuled (1-2 ovules in Nos. 1 and 8); fruit:a. follicle or berry, Flowers regular; leaves palmately nerved or palmately compound. Petals wanting. 3 Carpels ripening into a head of red berries. 1. Hydrastis. Carpels ripening into a head of dry follicles, 2. Caltha. Petals present, narrow and small, linear, flat. 3. Trollius. Petals present, narrow and small, tubular at least: at the base. Sepals persistent; stem tall, leafy. 4, Helleborus. RANUNCULACEAE, 147 Sepals deciduous; stem seape-like, bearing: one leaf. : 5. Cammarym. . Flowers regular; leaves ternately or pinnately compound or decompound. Petals not spurred. Low herbs with solitary or panicled flowers. 6. Coptis. Low shrub with racemose flowers. 7. Xanthorrhiza. Tall, erect herbs with racemose flowers. . Fruit berries. 8. Actueu. Fruit follicles. 9. Cimicifuga. Petals prolonged backward into hollow spurs. 10. Aquilegia. Flowers irregular. ' 11. Delphiniym. Garpel 1-ovuled; fruit an achene. Flowers subtended by involucres remote from the calyx or close under it; sepals petal-like. Involuere remote from the calyx; styles short, subulate. 12. Anemone. Involuere of 3 simple sessile leaves close under the flower. ~ ‘ 13. Hepatica. Involucre of 3 compound sessile leaves; leaflets stalked; stigma sessile. 14. Syndesmon. Flowers not subtended by involucres. Leaves opposite; sepals petal-like. Petals wanting, 15. Clematis. Petals present, small, spatulate. 16. Atragene. Leaves alternate or basal. Petals present, bearing a nectariferous pit at the base of the plade. Achenes’ compressed, smooth, papillose or spiny; flowers yellow. 17. Ranunculus. Achenes transversely wrinkled; flowers white. 18. Batrachium. Achenes swollen, smooth; sepals 3, petals.mostly 8. 19. Ficaria. Achenes compressed or terete, longitudinally nerved, 20. Oxygraphis. Petals none; leaves ternately compound. 21. Thalictrwm. 1. HYDRASTIS Ellis. 1, Hyprastis Canavensis L. Golden Seal, Orange Root, Yellow Puccoon. M. p. 412. Rich woods. Spring. — Philadelphia—(P.). Bucks—Rock Hill (Cr.), near Quakertown (Fr.). Montgomery— Manayunk, Mart. (B. C.), Sumneytown (VP.). Delaware —Darby, Glen Mills, (Fu.), Concord (He.), Wawa, Upper Providence near Crum Creek (B. Sm.). Chester—Willistown Twp. (Pr.), Pocopsin (St.), Cheyney (Ws.). Lancaster—Peach Bottom (Ca.), York Furnace (Cr.) (Lie.). Lehigh—Rockdale (Kr.). New Castle—Mount Cuba (Ha.) (Ke.), Hockessin, Michener; Ashland, Commons; Rockland, Tatnall and Commons; Yorklyn. 2. CALTHA L. 1. Cautma PaLustRIs L. Marsh-marigold. M. p. 412. Swamps and wet meadows. Spring. Philadelphia—Byberry, Mart. (B. C.), Franklin Woods, Germantown (Me.). Bucks — Sellersville, common (Fr.), Rock Hill (Mac.), Bonair (Sa.), Haycock Mountain (Ws.). Montgomery—Bryn Mawr (Ke.), Chel- ten Hills (Te.). Delaware — Near Media (Fu.) (B. Sm.),.Glen Mills 148 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. (Ha.), S. Essington (Le.), Chad’s Ford (Te.),:Concord (W. Tr.), near Castle Rock (VP.). Chester — Westtown (Le.), West Bradford Twp. (St.). Lancaster—(P.). Northampton—Pen Argyl (U. C. 8.). Lehigh —Spring Valley, Lehigh Mountain oe: pee ~ New Jersey—Frequent. New Castle—Stanton, Harvey. 3. TROLLIUS L. 1. -TROLLIUS 'LAXUS Salish. Globe-flower. M. p. 413, Swamps. Spring. _Bucks—Springfield (Fr.). Northampton—Easton (Ca.), Upper Saucon - near Bingen (Kr.). | , Stas : : 4. HELLEBORUS L. 1. HELLEBoRUS viRIDIs L. Green Hellebore. M. p. 413. Waste places. Spring. Bucks—Quakertown, Mart. (B.. C.) (Cr.), Rock Hill (Fr.). Montgom- ery—Oaks Station, Perkiomen R. R. (Cr.). Delaware—Glen Mills (Ha.), near Marple (Pr.). Lehigh—Géese ’s old aie Salisbury oe ‘(Kr.). 5. CAMMARUM Hill. 1., CAMMARUM HYEMALE (L.) Greene. Winter Aconitée. ‘M. p. 413. Early spring. Ma coe a Philadelphia — Bartram ’s .Garden, Haddington (Ws.). Delaware — -Media (P.). Co sori Y bbs) ‘ mS ‘6. COPTIS Salisb. 1. Coptis TRIFOLIA (L.) Salish. Gold-thread. M..p. 413. Damp, mossy ‘woods. Spring. Lehigh—Near Trexlertown (Her. ), Dorward Spring, aes Twp. (Kr.). Northampton—(P.). Mercer—Trenton (C.). 7. XANTHORRHIZA L’Her. 1, XanrHoreniza apirotta L’Her. Shrub Yellow-root. M. p. 414. ‘Intro- dueed. Spring. Philadelphia—Bartram ’s Garden; reported at one time along ‘Schuyl- kill near Woodlands (Ha.). 8. eeu L. Pedicels slender. : . L.A. rubra. Pedicels stout. _ 2, A. alba. 1, AcTAEA RuUBRA (Ait.) Willd. Red Baneberry. M. p. a Rich woods. Spring. Delaware—Wawa (Ja.). Cheeter—Valley Forge (Ja.). Monmouth — Near Keyport, Cream Ridge (C.). Mercer — Princeton, Lawrenceville (U.).: 2. ACTAEA ALBA (l.) Mill. White Baneberry. M. p. 415. Rich woods. Spring. j : 9. CIMICIFUGA L. BucBaNns. 1. CrmicrFucA RAcEMosA (L.) Nutt. Black Snakeroot; Black Cohosh. M. p. 415. Rich woods. Summer. RANUNCULACEAE. 149 10. AQUILEGIA L. CoLuMBINE. Spur of petals nearly straight; flowers scarlet, white, m5 in a variety of yellow. . A. Canadensis. Spur incurved; flowers blue, white or purple. : A. vulgaris. 1. Aquriecia CaNavEnsts L. M. p. 416. Rocks along larger water-courses. Spring. 2. AQUILEGIA vuLGARIS L. “European Columbine. M. p. 416. Escaped from gardens. Spring. 11. DELPHINIUM L. Larkspur. Follicle glabrous. 1. D. Consolida. Follicle pubescent. 2. D. Ajacis. 1, DeLPHINIUM Consotipa L. M. p. 416. Escaped from cultivation. Sum- mer. far 1a Et 2. DELPHINIUM Asacts L. M. p. 416. Escaped from gardens. Summer. 12. ANEMONE L. Achenes densely woolly. ; Flower greenish-white, 1.5-3 em. wide; head of fruit stilony: 1. A. irginiana. Flower pure white, 3-5 cm. wide; head of fruit short-cylindric. 2. A. riparia. Achenes pubescent, or nearly glabrous. , Leaves of the involucre sessile. 3. A. Canadensis. Leaves of the involucre petioled. 4. A. quinquefolia. 1. ANEMONE Vireiniana L. M. p. 419. Woods and roadsides. Summer. 2. ANEMONE RIPARIA Fernald. M. p. 419. River banks. Summer. Bucks—Point Pleasant (Fr.). Northampton—(P.). 3. ANEMONE CANADENSIS L. M. p. 419. Low grounds. Summer. Bucks—Doylestown (Fr.). Lancaster—York Furnace (Le.). Lehigh— Calypso Island (Kr.). Dauphin—Harrisburg, Steelton (Wn.). Gloucester—Red Bank (C.). 4, ANEMONE QUINQUEFOLIA L. Wind-flower. M. p. 419. Low woods. Spring. 13. HEPATICA Scop. 1. Hepatica Hepatica (L.) Karst. Liver-leaf. M.p.420. Woods. Early spring. 14. SYNDESMON Hoffmg. 1, SyNDESMON THALICTROIDES (L.) Hoffmg. Rue Anemone. M. p. 420. Rich woods. Spring. 15. CLEMATIS L. Climbing vines; leaves pinnate or 3-foliolate. Flowers panicled, numerous; filaments glabrous. 1. C. Virginiana. Flowers solitary; filaments pubescent. 2. C. Viorna. Erect or ascending perennial herbs; leaves simple or pinnate. 3. C. ochroleuca. 1, CLEMATIS VIRGINIANA L. Virgin’s Bower. M. p. 421. River banks and along fences. Summer. 150 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 2. CLEMATIS ViornNa L.' Leatherfiower. M. p.'422. Rich soil. Early . summer. . B dos L, Chester—(P.). Lancaster—York Furnace ae Berks —Monooacy (Me.). : New Castle—Mount Cuba, Burris Run, Milltown, Commons; Ashlani. , 3. CLEMATIS OcHROLEUCA Ait. M. p. 422. Early summer. ' ‘Chester— London Grove .(P.). a 16. ATRAGENE L. 1. ATRAGENE AMERICANA Sims. Purplé Virgin’s Bower. M. p. 428. Hockey »' "places. “Early summer. ‘ Bucks—Durham, Bedminster (Fr.), Point Pleasant ana: ivaioily Tohidkon Creek (Ws.).. Montgomery — Schwenksville (Cr.) (Ja.).. Chester — French Creek Falls (Ja.) (Mac.). Lancaster—York Furnace (Gr) (Le: ) (Mac.), Fulton Twp. (Ca.), banks of Susquehanna (W, Tr. ). Lehigh— Rockdale, Lehigh Gap (Kr.). Northampton—(P.). Berks—(P. You &! Ocean— Point Pleasant (Sts.). .Somerset—Peapack (C.). Hunterdon —On Delaware (C.). we New oa —Mount Cuba (Cr.), above Wooddale, Commons. 8 Bat h9 7. RANUNCULUS L. Burrercup, CrowFroot. * Aquatic or creeping mud plants with palmately lobed, divided or dissected leaves. '. ‘Achenes marginless, flowers 7-14 mm. broad. . 1: BR. Pur shit... Achenes callous-margined, 2. BR. delphinif olius. **Plants of swamps or’ muddy shores; leaves entire or denticulate. : Annuals; achenes beakless; tipped with the persistent, style- pase. 3. RB. pusillus. Perennials, rooting from the nodes; achenes beaked, a Stems: trailing; achenes minutely beaked. 4. R. reptans, Stems ascending or erect; achenes subulate beaked. , 5. BR. ‘obtusiusctlus. ***Terrestrial species with some or all of the leaves lobed or divided. 1, Achenes smooth. Basal leaves, some or all of them, merely crenate. Basal leaves cordate; plant glabrous or nearly so. 6. R. abortivus. Basal leaves not cordate; plant villous. 7. R. micranthus. Leaves all lobed or divided. Plant glabrous; stem hollow; fiowers very small. ‘ 8. R. sceleratus. Plants more or less pubescent. Beak of the achene attongly hooked; flowers 8-10 mm. wide. i 9. R. recurvatus. Beak of the achene short. Erect plants naturalized in fields;' flowers 25 mni. broad. Calyx spreading; roots fibrous. 10. BR. acris. Calyx teflexed ; ; Stem bulbous- thickened at base, 11. B. bulbosus. » Erect or ascending plants of. moist soil; flowers 6-12 mm. broad, - 12. BR. Pennsylwanicus. Ascending and creeping by stolons; flowers 2.5 em. broad. 13. R. repens. Beak i the achene long; ; Stout or slender flowers 12-36 mm. road. & iif 9. RANUNCULACEAE, 151 Beak stout, sword-shaped; roots slender; leaflets cuneate at base. 14, RB. septentrionalis. Beak of achene slender, subulate; roots thickened. ' ‘Leaf-segments proad,..oblong or obovate, . . 15. BR. hispidus. , Leaf-segments narrow, linear-oblong. 16. RB. pasotenarie. 2. Achenes with a few scattered papille near the margins. 17. R. parvulus. 3..Achenes muricate or spiny. — .., 18. B. arvensis. . Ranuncu.us Pursuit Richards, ™M. p. 424. Moist: soil. Summer. ‘Dauphin—(P!): . RANUNOULUS DELPHINIFOLIUS Torr. ® ellow Water Crowfoot. M. p. 425. ne wy oo ‘ 4 is Ponds. Summer. Monmouth—Freehold (C.). | : ' On New Castle—Near Ogletown, Tatnall; Townsend, Canby. . Ranuncuus PUSILLUS: Poir.' M. p. 425. Wet''places. Spring and summer. , Bucks—Near Quakertown (Fr.). oe ). ‘Burlington - Taunton, Modrestown '(C.). Camden = Sujata: (C.). Mercer—Princeton, Trenton (C.). _Msadiesee— ane near Mon- mouth Junction (C.). . New' Castle — Below Collins’ Beach and its Brides, Genii Ogle- town, Zatnall and,Commons.. bot . RANUNCULUS REPTANS L. M. P- 425. Gravelly and sandy, banks. Sum- mer. Bucks—Soliday’s Island, Moyer (Fr.). Lancaster—Columbia (Ca.), ‘Susquehanna banks, Little ‘Washington (Lie.), York Furnace (Wn.). Northampton—(P.). Dauphin—Harrisburg (Wn.). . RANUNCULUS: OBTUSIUSCULUS Raf.. M. p. 425.. Marshes. Summer. Bucks — Rock Hill (Fr.). Delaware — Tinicum,, Dr. Geo. Smith (B. Sm.). Chester—(P.). , Lancaster—Reinholdsville (Ca.). Berks—-Ham- burg. (Ke). Lehigh— ‘Lowhill, Jordan Creek (Kr.). Dauphin (P.).”' Camden—Camden, Mart. (B. C.), Gloucester (Te.). Gloucester—Near Mickleton (He, )», Swedesboro (Li.), Washington Park (Mac.), Repaupo (Sa.), Westville, Mantua Creek (Wn): Mercer — Trenton Se )- gone eae (C.). New Castle — Lea’s Run, Edgemoor Station, Stanton, Tatnall; New- port, Old Red Clay Creek, Commons. . RANUNCULUS’ aBoRTIVUS L. M. ‘p. 426. Woods and moist ground. Spring. . RANUNCULUS MICRANTHUS Nutt. M. p. 426, Rich woods. Spring. ‘Bucks—Sellergville (Ja.) (Fr.).'' Lanéaster—(P.). ' Hunterdon —Stockton (C. ). RaNuNcULUS SCELERATUS L. Ditch Crowfoot. M. p. 427. Wet ditches. ‘Spring and summer, RANUNCULUS RECURVATUS Poir. M. p. 427. Woods. Spring. 10, RaNuNcULUS acris L. Tall Buttercup. M. p. 427. Fields and. waste , places.’ Summer. 152 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 11. RanunouLus BuLBOSUS L. Common Buttercup. M. p. 427. Fields and roadsides. Early summer. 12. RanuNcULUS PENNSYLvANIcUS L. f. Bristly Buttercup. M. p. 427. Wet, open places. Summer. Bucks— Andalusia, Mart. (B. C.). Delaware—(P.). Lancaster —Col- lins’ Ferry (Ca.). Berks—Wernersville (Te.). Northampton—(P.).« Dauphin—-(P.). Burlington—Pemberton (C.). Camden—Camden (C.). Gloucester— Repaupo (He.) (Sa.). Monmouth—Freehold (C.). Mercer—Trenton, Princeton (C.). Somerset—Black Swamp (C.). Hunterdon—Stockton (C.). New Castle—Hamburg Road, Red Tien Creek. 13. RANUNCULUS REPENS L. M. p, 427. Fields and roedataea. . Karly summer. ask Philadelphia—(P.). Bucks—Bristol (Fr). . Delaware—Swarthmore (Pr.), Tinicum, Dr. Geo. Smith (B. 8m.). Lehigh — Salsbury (Kr.). Northampton— (P.). a ee Camden — Kaighn’s Point (He.) (Wn.). Monmouth — Deal Beach (Wn.). New Castle—Ogletown, frequent. : 14, RANUNCULUS SEPTENTRIONALIS Poir. Marsh Buttercup. M. p. 427. Swamps and low grounds. Early summer. 15. RANUNCULUS HISPIDUS Michx. M. p. 428. Dry woods and thickets, Spring. 16. RANUNCULUS FASCICULARIS Muhl. Early Buttercup. M. p. 428. Woods. Spring. 17. RaNUNCULUS PaRvULUS L. M. p. 428. Ballast. Summer. ‘Camden—Kaighn’s Point (Ja.). 18. RANUNCULUS ARVENSIS L. M, p. 428. Waste grounds. . Summer. Ocean—Toms River (C.). 18. BATRACHIUM 8S. F. Gray. Wuire Water CrowFoor. Leaves sessile, circinate, the segments short, spreading around the stem, nearly in one plane; beak of achene minute. 1. B. divaricatum. Leaves more or less petioled, not circinate. 2. B. trichophyllun. 1. BatracHium pivaricatum (Schrank.) Wimm, M. p. 429, Ponds and streams. Summer. Monmouth—Squan and Shark rivers (C.). 2, BATRACHIUM TRICHOPHYLLUM (Chaix.) Bossch. M. p. 429. Ponds and streams. Summer. Philadelphia—Lower Wissahickon (Je.), W. Fort Mifflin (Sa.). Bucks —Tullytown (Cr.), near Sellersville (Fr.), Penn Valley (Ja.). Delaware —Darby Creek, H. C. Barker (B. C.), Tinieum, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu), Haverford (Gi.). Chester—(P.). Lancaster — ‘Lititz (Ca.) (Pr.). Lehigh—Helfrich’s Spring (Kr.). Burlington — Medford (Br.). Camden — Camden, Mart. (B. C.). & BERBERIDACEAE. 153 Gloucester—Repaupo (He.). Salem—Ditches at Salem (He.). Mercer— Trenton (C.). New Castle—Near Edgemoor. 19. FICARIA Huds. 1. Ficaria Ficarta (L.) Karst. Lesser Celandine. M. p. 430. Escaped from gardens. Spring.: Philadelphia— Wissahickon (Je.) (Me.) (St.), West Park in Nurseries. (VP.). Delaware—Lansdowne (Mac.). : : : m ae Me, is Zi 20. OXYGRAPHIS Bunge. i i 1, OXYGRAPHIS CYMBALARIA (Pursh.) Prantl. Seaside Crowfoot. M. p. 430. Sandy shores. Summer. — Atlantic—Atlantie City (He.). .Ocean—Point Pleasant (Br.) (Te.). Monmouth—Ocean Grove, Brielle, Manasquan, Shark River (C.). 21, -THALICTRUM L. Meapow Rus. Filaments filiform or slender, not wider than the anthers.. Flowers strictly diwcious; lower stem leaves gisdinsdy petioled. . L. dioicum. Flowers polygamous; leaflets usually glandular or ree 3 stem leaves almost sessile. 2. T. purpurascens. Filaments spatulate, often wider than the anthers; plant not: glandular. 3. T. polygamum. 1. THALIcTRUM DiOicuM L. M. p. 431. Rocky woods. Spring. 2. THALICTRUM PURPURASCENS L, M. p. 431. . Dry uplands and rocky hills, Summer. 3, THALICTRUM POLYGAMUM Muhl. M. p-.431. Wet meadows and along rivulets. Summer. Family 6. BERBERIDACEAE T. &.G. Barberry Family. Shrubs; fruit baccate. 1. Berberis. Herbs. Anthers opening by valves, Pericarp early bursting, leaving two large, naked, stalked seeds, resembling berries. . 2. Caulophylium.: Fruit capsular, half circumscissile. 3. Jeffersonia. Anthers longitudinally dehiscent; fruit baccate; stamens 6-18. 4. Podophylium. 1, BeRBeris vuLGaRIs L. Barberry. M. p. 432. Thickets. Early summer. Philadelphia — Germantown (Je.). Bucks — Bensalem, Mart. (Fr.), Jericho Hill (Ws.). Delaware—Painter’s Arboretum (He.) (Le.). North- ampton—Easton, Porter (B. C.) (Ca.). Monmouth—Redbank, Mattawan, Sandy Hook, Oceanic, Seabright (C.). Middlesex— Woodbridge (C.). 5 New Castle—Richardson’s Mill, Canby. 2, CAULOPHYLLUM Michx. 1, CAULOPHYLLUM THALICTROIDES (L.) Michx. Blue Cohosh, Pappoose-root. M. p. 432. Rich woods. Spring. Philadelphia—Manayunk, Mart. (B. C.), Wissahickon (Je.), Shawmont 154 FLORA ‘OF PHILADELPHIA. (Sa.).' Bucks—Bedminster (Fr.). Montgomery—Conshohocken (Cr.), Pencoyd (Te.) (Re.), Flat Rock Tunnel (Te.). Delaware—Wawa, Glen Mills (Fu.), Castle Rock (Fu.) (Li.), Swarthmore (Pr.); Adele .(Sa.), west branch of Chester Creek (Sch.), Chad’s Ford (Wn.). Chester— Westtown (Le.) (W. Tr.), Willistown (Pr.). Dauphin — Harrisburg, Steelton (Wn.). Lancaster—(P.). Northampton—(P.). , : } New Castle—Rockford, Mount Cuba, rare. 3. JEFFERSONIA. Bart. 1. JuFFERSONIA DIPHYLLA (L.) Pers. Twin-leaf, Rhewmatism-root. M. p. 432. Woods. Spring, =" : Bucks—Shores of Delaware, New Hope (Ws.). t s PODOPHYLLUM Ti, 4; " PopoPHYLLUM PELTATUM L. Jfay-apple,: itandrolis M. p. 432. Rich woods. Spring. « Family 7. MENISPERMACEAE DC. Moonseed Family. 1. MENISPERMUM L, 1. MENISPERMUM CANADENSE L. Moonseed. M. p. 484. Banks of streams. Summer. oe be ‘ pis Family 8, CALYCANTHACEAE Lindl. Strawberry-shrub Family. 1. BUTNERIA Duham. 1. BuTNERIA FLORIDA (L.) Kearney. Carolina Allspice, Sweet-scented Shrub. "MM. p. 435. In gardens. ' Spring and summer. Family 9. LAURACEAE Lindl. Laurel Family, Anthers ths celled, some of the leaves lobed. 1. Sassafras: Anthers 2-celled ; leaves entire. 2. Benzoin. 1, SASSAFRAS Nees & ‘Eberm, 1. SASSAFRAS Sassarras (L.) Karst. M. p. 436. Dry ‘soil: ‘Spring. 2. BENZOIN Fabric. 1, BENzoIN BeNzoin (L.) Coulter. Spice-bush, Benjamin-bush. M. p. 437. Damp woods. Spring. eS ae ‘ Order 12. PAPAVERALES. Sepals 2 (very rarely 3 or 4); endosperm fleshy. Fam, 1. Papaveraceae. Sepals or calyx segments 4-8; endosperm none. Capsule 2-celled by a longitudinal partition usually2-valved, rarely in- dehiscent; sepals and petals 4. Fam. 2. Cruciferae. Capsule 1-celled, of 2-6 carpels. | Sepals and petals 4, regular, or petals irregular ; 3 capsule of 2 carpels, 2-valved. Fam. 3. Capparidaceae. Sepals and petals 4-8, irregular; capsule of 3-6 carpels, 3-6 valved at. the top; disk large. Fam. 4... Eesedaceae. PAPAVERACEAE, 155 Family 1. PAPAVERACEAE B. Juss. Poppy Family. Flowers regular. Pod dehiscent at the top, or only to the middle. Leaves not: spiny-toothed. 1. Papaver. Leaves spiny-toothed. 2. Argemone. Pod dehiscent. to the base. Flowers white; jiice red. 3. Sanguinaria. Flowers and juice yellow. Capsule long-linear, rough, tipped with a dilated stigma. 4, Glauciwm. Capsule linear, smooth, tipped with a subulate style and min- ute stigma. 5. Chelidoniwm. Flowers irregular. Family Fumariaceae DC. Each of the two outer petals spurred at the base. Corolla deeply cordate at base; petals slightly coherent. 6. Bicuculla. Corolla rounded or slightly cordate; petals permanently coherent, persistent. 7. Adlumia. One of the outer petals spurred at the base. Capsule 2-valved, few-several-seeded. 8. Capnoides. Fruit globose, indehiscent, 1-seeded. 9. Fumaria. 1, PAPAVER L. Poppy. Glabrate and glaucous; leaves lobed, clasping; capsule subglobose, i : 1. P. somniferum. Green, hirsute; leaves pinnately divided. Capsule glabrous. 2 Capsule subglobose or top-shaped. 2. P. Rhoeas. Capsule oblong, narrowed below. 3. P. dubium. Capsule oblong, hispid with a few erect hairs. 4. P. Argemone. 1. PAPAVER SOMNIFERUM L. M. p. 438. Waste grounds and _ ballast. Summer. Philadelphia— Woodlands Cemetery (Mac.), Girard Point (Ja.). Bucks —Near Sellersville (Fr.). Delaware—(P.). Lancaster—(P.). North- ampton— (P.). Camden—Kaighn’s Point (Wn.). New Castle—Not uncommon. 2. PaPpaver RHogas L. M. p. 438. Ballast. Summer. Philadelphia—Girard Point (Ja.). Delaware—Near Darby, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.). Camden—Kaighn’s Point, C. A. Boice (B. C.) (Ja.). 8. PaPaverR puBiumM L. M. p. 438. Waste and cultivated grounds. Sum- mer. Montgomery — Arcola (Cr.). Delaware — Darlington Station (Fu.), Newtown Square (Ja.), Burmont (Mac.), Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.), Glen Mills (S. Tr.), Concord (W. Tr.). Chester—(P.). Lancaster— Pleasant Grove (Ca.), Paradise (St.), Bird-in-Hand (Wn.). Northamp- ton—(P.). . Burlington — Moorestown (Sts.). Camden — Kaighn’s Point (Ja.) (Wn.). Ocean—Forked River (Ja.). New Castle—Point Lookout, ete. Scarce. ; 4, PaPAvVER ARGEMONE L. M. p. 438. Waste grounds and on ballast. Summer. Philadelphia—(P.). 156 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 2. ARGEMONE L. 1. ARGEMONE Mexicana L. Mexican or Prickly Poppy. M. p. 439. Waste places and ballast. Summer. Philadelphia—Greenwich Point (Te.). Bucks—Bedminster, Hilltown (Fr.). Delaware—Near Swarthmore (Pr.), Concord, about gardens (W. Tr.). Lancaster—(P.). Lehigh—Coplay (Kr.). Northampton—(P.). Burlington—Riverton (C.). Camden—Kaighn’s Point, C. A. Boice (B. C.) (Ja.). Mercer—Trenton (C.). New Castle— Wilmington, streets, Commons. 3. SANGUINARIA L. 1, SancuinaRiaA CANADENSIS L. Blood-root. M. p. 439. Bich woods. Spring. 4. GLAUCIUM Juss. 1. GLauctum GuLaucium (L.) Karst. Horn-poppy. M. p. 440. Waste places and ballast. Summer. Philadelphia—Gibson’s Point (Mac.). Camden—Kaighn’s Point (He.) (Ja.) (Wn.). Mercer—Princeton (C.). New Castle—Greenbank, Commons. . GLAUCIUM CORNICULATUM Curtis. Northampton—On Atviean Ore pile, Bethlehem Iron Co,, BE. A. Rau (Kr.) 5. CHELIDONIUM L. 1. CHELIDONIUM Masus L. Celandine. M. p. 440. Waste places. Sum- mer. 6. BICUCULLA Adans, Spurs divergent; inner petals minutely crested. ' 1. B. Cucullaria. Spurs short, rounded; inner petals conspicuously erested. 2. B. Canadensis. 1, BicucuLua CucuLLaria (L.) Millsp. Dutchman’s-breeches. M. p. 440. Rich woods. Spring. 2. BicucuLua CANADENSIS (Goldie) Millsp. Squirrel-corn. M. p. 441. Rich woods. Spring. Philadelphia— Wissahickon (Me.), Falls of Schuylkill (Pr.). Bucks— Bedminster (Fr.). Montgomery — Pencoyd (Re.), Flat Rock Tunnel (Te.). Chester—(P.). Lancaster—Fishing Creek (Ca.). Dauphin— Harrisburg (Wn.). 7. ADLUMIA Raf. 1. ApLumia FuNGosa ‘(Ait.) Greene. Chimbing Fumitory. M. p. 441. Moist woods. Summer. Philadelphia— Wissahickon (W. Tr.). Bucks—Rock Hill (Fr.) (Ja.), Narrows (Ws.). Montgomery—Schwenksville (Cr.) (U. C. S.), West Conshohocken (Mae. ), Sumneytown (VP.), Uhl’s Mill (Wn.). Chester— Coatesville, H. E. Stone (B. C.), French Creek (S. Tr.). Lancaster— Pequea Creek (Ca.), York Furnace, mouth of Tuequan Creek (St.). Lehigh—Lehigh Mountain (Kr.). Somerset —Peapack (C.). CRUCIFERAE. 157 New Castle—Brandywine Creek near Wilmington (Pr.), Rockford, Du- ponts. Rare. 8. CAPNOIDES Adans. CorypaAtis. Stems tall; flowers pink with yellow tips. 1. C. sempervirens. Stems low, diffuse or ascending; flowers yellow. 2. C. flavulum. 1, CAPNOIDES SEMPERVIRENS (.) Borek. M.p. 441. Rocky places. Spring and, summer. Philadelphia — Wissahickon (Je.). Bucks — Rock Hill (Fr.), Argus (Wn.). Montgomery — Spring Mount near Schwenksville (U. C. 8.), Sumneytown (VP.). Chester--St. Peter’s (Ke.), Falls of French Creek (Sa.). Lancaster—Peach Bottom (Ca.), banks of Susquehanna (W. Tr.). Lehigh—Trexlertown (Her.), Lehigh Mountain (Kr.). Dauphin—(P.). Mercer—Princeton (Te,). Hunterdon—Milford (Ws.). / * CAPNOIDES FLAVULUM (Raf.) Kuntze. M. p. 442. Rocky woods. Early summer. i 8 4 3 Philadelphia — Wissahickon, I. Burk ‘(He.), Robinson’s Knoll (Ke.) (Te.), Fairmount Park (Mar.), Manayunk (Pr.). Bucks—Carversville, rare (Ca.), Yardley, 4. B. Kauffman (Fr.). Chester—(P.). Lancaster —Along the Susquehanna (Le.). Dauphin—Steelton (Wn.). Camden—Banks of Delaware (C.). Cape May—Delaware Bay (C.). Mercer — Trenton, Pxinceton (C.).’ Hunterdon — Holland; Raven Rock (C.), Milford (B. Sm.). New Castle—Namaan’s Creek near Harvey. 9, FUMARIA L. / 1, Fumaria orricrnatis L. Fumitory. M. p. 442. Waste places and bal- last. Summer. * ‘Family 2. CRUCIFERAE. Mustard Family. “Pod a silique or silicle, dehiscent into two valves to the. base. ¢Pod an elongated-linear silique, or at least twice as long as wide.. | 1. Silique terete, 4-sided, or compressed, very short-stipitate, or sessile on the receptacle. a. Silique tipped with the short, slender style, or style none. Seeds globose or oblong, wingless. - aie, Seeds in 2 rows in each cell of the pod. Pubescence, when present, of simple hairs. _—_—- ; 12. Roripa. Pubeseence of forked hairs; leaves finely dissected. 22. Sophia. Seeds in only 1 row in each cell. Leaves reniform or cordate, undulate or repand; flowers, white. : 4, Alliaria. Leaves dentate or pinnatifid; hairs simple; flowers: yel- low. 5. Sisymbrium, Leaves finely dissected; pubescence of forked hairs; flow- ers yellow.. 22, Sophia.. Leaves entire, or slightly toothed. / Flowers white or pink. 23. Stenophragma. Flowers yellow... 25. Erysimum. Flowers large, purple, purplish, or white. 28. Hesperis. ap 188 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Seeds flat, wingless, or winged. Siliques 4-angled, the Paved ieoelgals flowers yellow. 11. Barbarea. Siliques flat or flattish. Valves of the silique nerveless. Stems leafy below or throughout. 13. Cardamine. Stems leafless below, 2-4 leaved above. 14, Dentaria. Valves of the silique 1- nerved or veiny, not elastically de- hiscent. 24. Arabis. b. Silique produced into a beak Keyan the valves. Beak conic, very short in No, 8 Silique terete; seeds in 1 row. 8. Brassica. Silique flat; seeds in 2 rows. 9. Diplotaxis. Beak flat, sword-shaped. ae 7. Sinapis. ‘2. Silique elliptic or oblong, very flat, 2-3 times as long as broad, clearly stipitate. 15. Lunaria. ttPod an orbicular globose or oblong silicle, or but little more than twice as long as wide. a. Silicle globose, or flattened parallel with the septum. Silicle globose, or terete-oblong, little or not at all compressed. Seeds minute, round,, not flattened, in 2 rows in each cell. 12. Roripa. Seeds flat; silicle inflated; plants stellate-pubescent. 16. Lesqueretla. Silicle compressed or flat, many-seeded. 21.. Draba, Silicle compressed or flat, many-seeded. Flowers yellow. & 26. Alyssum. Flowers white. 27. Koniga. Silicle pear-shaped or obovoid, many-seeded. 18. Camelina. b. Silicle flattened at right. angles to the narrow septum. Seeds several in each cell of the silicle. Silicle triangular, obcuneate. 17. Bursa. Silicle oblong or orbicular, winged all around. « 3. Thlaspi. Seeds solitary in each cell, compressed. 1. Lepidium. **Pod indehiscent, short or elongated. Pod broader than long, more or less didymous. 2. Coronopus. Pod globose, reticulated. 19. Neslia. Pod elongated. Pod of 2 joints, separating at macutte:* Lower joint of pod seedless or 2-4-seeded; cotyledons condupli- cate. 20. Rapistrum. Lower joint of pod 1-seeded; cotyledons accumbent. 6. Cakile. Pod constricted between the seeds, not jointed, beaked. 10. ‘Raphanus. 1. LEPIDIUM L. Prpprrcrass. Stem-leaves clasping by an auriculate base. Pods broadly ovate, winged. 1. L. campestre. Pods wingless, broader than long. 2. L. Draba. Stem-leaves petioled or sessile, not clasping. Pods and seeds entirely wingless; petals none. 3. L. ruderale. Pods slightly winged above, orbicular or oval, about 2 mm. broad; petals present or none. Cotyledons accumbent; petals generally present. 4. L. Virginicum. Cotyledons incumbent ; petals minute or wanting. 5. L. apetalum. CRUCIFERAE, 159 1, LEPIDIUM CAMPESTRE (L.) R. Br. ' Cow-eress. ° M. p. 445. Fields and ” waste places. Summer. ‘ 2."Lerrorum Drapa L. M. Be 445, Ballast. ’ Spring. Pe “- Camden—Kaighn’s Point (Ja.) (Wn.).- : 3. LEPIDIUM RUDERALE L. M. p, 445. eee vets places, and ballast. q ‘Summer. Philadelphia—Navy Yard, Mart. @B. Cc. , ‘West. Beara (Mac.), Girard Point (Te.). Northampton— Easton, Porter (B. C.). Burlington— Moorestown ay ee Point. Mercer— Trenton (C.). ' New Castle — Streets, Port pen Delaware city, wharves, Tataall; Swedes’ Church, Wilmington, Commons. 4. LEPIDIUM VIRGINICUM. M. p. 446. Fields and roadsides. Summer. 5. LEPIDIUM APETALUM Willd. M. Pp. 446. Dry places. Summer. ' Philadelphia — Philadelphia, Mart. (B. 'C.), Greenwich Point (Te.). Bucks—Point Pleasant (Fr.). Camden—Camden, ballast, Mart. (B. C.). Gloucester—Near Mickleton (He.), near Swedesboro (Li.). ; LEPIDIUM GRAMINIFOLIUM L. Ballast. » Camden—Kaighn’s Point (Ja.). Lepipium Smiram Hook. Ballast. Philadelphia—Girard Point (Te.). 2, CORONOPUS Gaertn. Warr Cress, SWINE CRESS. Pod rugose, not crested. , 1. C. didymus. Pod coarsely wrinkled, crested. 2. €. Coronopus. 1, Coronopus pipyMus: (L.) J. E. Smith. M. p. 446. Waste places and ballast. Summer. Philadelphia—Byberry, Mart. (B. C.), Greenwich Point, Girard, Point (Te.). Camden—Kaighn ’s Point (Ja.) (Wn.). “Qi CoroNnorus| CoronoPus (L.) Karst. M. p. 446. Ballast. Summer. Philadelphia—Greenwich Point, Girard Point (Te.). Chester—(P.). Camden—Kaighn’s Point, C. A. Boice (B. C.) (Wn.). 3. THLASPI L. 1. THLASPI ARVENSE L. Pennycress. M. p. 447. Waste places and ballast. Summer. Philadelphia — Fairmount Park, Mart. (B. C.), Columbia Bridge, E. Diffenbaugh (B. C.). Bucks—Rock Hill (Fr.). Montgomery—Jenkin- town (Pr.). Lancaster—Paradise (St.). Caméden—Kaighn’s Point (Ja.). Mercer—Trenton (C.). 4. ALLIARIA Adans. 1, Aumiarta AuLiaRia (L.) Britton. Hedge Garlic, Garlic Mustard. M. p. 447, "Waste ‘places, woods, and along roadsides. ‘Spring. Philadelphia—East of School Lane, Germantown (VP.). Montgomery —Above Flat Rock Tunnel (VP.). 160 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 5. SISYMBRIUM L. Hepce Mustarp. Flowers yellow; pods 1-1.5 cm. long, appressed. 1. 8. officinale. Flowers cream-color; pods 5-10 em. long, divergent. 2. 8. altissimum. 1. SISYMBRIUM OFFICINALE (L.) Scop. M. p. 448. Waste places. Summer. 2, SISYMBRIUM ALTISSIMUM L. M. p. 448. Ballast. Summer. Philadelphia—Girard Point (Ja.), Neck (VP.). Bucks—Sellersville » (Fr.).L..Vorthampton—Bethlehem (P.). Delaware—Ridley (B. Sm.). 6: CAKILE Gaertn. 1. CAKILE EDENTULA (Bigel) Hook. American Sea-rocket. M. p. 448. Sea- coast; also ballast. Summer. New Jersey—Seacoast, common. Pere ’3 Point (Wn. » i SINAPIS L. 1. StnaPis atBa L. White Mustard. M. p. 449. Fields and waste places. Summer. 8. BRASSICA L, None of the leaves clasping the stem, the upper sessile. i Pods slender, 1-2.5 em. long, appressed. 1. B. nigra. Pods rather slender,. 2-5 em. Jong, erect, not appressed, on slender pedi- cels 6-10 mm. long. 2. B. juncea. Pods spreading or ascending at maturity, on stout pedicels 4-6 mm. long. ; ., 3. B. arvensis. Upper leaves clasping by an auricled base. 4. B. campestris. 1. Brassica nigra (L.) Koch, Black Mustard. M. p. 449. Fields and waste places. Summer. E 2. BRASSICA JUNCEA (L.) Cosson. Indian Mustard. M. p. 449. Ballast. Summer. Philadelphia— Wissahickon (VP.). ‘Northampton— (P.). Camden—Kaighn’s Point (Ja.). 3. BRASSICA ARVENSIS (L.) B. 8. P.’ Charlock. M. p. 450. Fields and * waste places. Summer. aley Ou ~ 4. BRASSICA CAMPESTRIS L. Rutabaga, Turnip. _M. p. 450. Fields and waste places. Surimer. : Camden—Kaighn *3 Point (Ja.). Brassica Napus L. Rape. M. p. 450. Ballast. Summer . 9. DIPLOTAXIS DC. Rocket. Perennial ; stem ‘leafy nearly to the inflorescence. ; 1. D. tenuifolia. Annual; leaves ad basal, oblanceolate. 2. D.'muralis. AL DIPLOTAXIS ‘TENUIFOLIA (L.) DC. M. p. 450. Ballast, Summer. Camden—Kaighn’s Point (He.) (Ja.). 2. DIPLOTAXIS MURALIS (L.) DC. M. p. 450. Ballast. Summer. Camden—Kaighn’s Point dg 2) (Wn.). 10. RAPHANUS L. Flowers yellow, fading white; pod longitudinally ps 4-10-seeded. . R. Raphanistrum. Flowers pink or white; pod not si aneer rag grooved, a 3-seeded. 2. B. sativus. CRUCIFERAE. 161 1. RaPHanus RaPHANISTRUM L. ,Wild Radish. M. p. 450. Fields and waste places. Summer. 0 (eS x : 2, RaPHANUS sativus J. Garden Radish. M. p. 450. Eseaped from eulti- ‘vation. Summer. 11. BARBAREA R. Br. WINTER CRESS. Pods obtusely 4-angled, slender-pedicelled ; leaf-segments 1, -4 pairs. Pods divergent or ascending. ‘1. B. Barbarea. Pods erect, appressed. 2. B. stricta. Pods sharply 4- ‘angled, stout pedicelled; leaf-segments 4-8 pairs. 3. B. praecoz. ~ 1, Barparza Barpargza (L.) MacM. Yellow Rocket. M. p. 451. Low grounds and roadsides. Spring. %, BaRBAREA STRICTA Andrz. M. p. 451. Fields and waste places. | Spring. 3, BarBarEa PRAECOX (J. E, Smith) R. Br. M. p. 451. Waste places. Spring. ; Philadelphia—Upper Wissahickon (Je. ), Germantown (Me.). Bucks— Sellersville, Doylestown, Penn Valley (Fr.): Montgomery—Shannonville ee , Delaware—Concord (CW. Tr,). | Northampton—¥aston, Porter B, C.). : Camden—Kaighn ’s Point (Wn.). Salem—Woodstown (Wa.). Hua- terdon— Rosemont (C.). New Castle—Greenbank, Commons. Now common. , 12. RORIPA Scop. CREss. ..... Flowers alten ie a ee iio, aa aia _ Plants perennial by creeping or subterranean branches. 1. B. sylvestris. "Plants annual or perennial, with fibrous roots. . Fruiting pedicels 2-4 mm. long, stem diffuse. 2. R. obtusa. Fruiting pedicels 4- 8 mm. long; stem erect. | ' Stem nearly or quite glabrous; pods linear or linear-oblong. ret ar ; , zh 3. B. palustris. Stem hispid-pubescent; pods globose or oval. : 4. R. hispida. Flowers white. ‘ po : Leaves pinnately divided; pods linear. 5..R, Nasturtium. Leaves simple or the lower pinnatifid; pods oblong or globose. Terrestrial, tall; leaves crenate, or the lower lobed or pinnatifid. . BR. Armoracia, Aquatic; immersed leaves finely dissected. 7. BR. Americana. “4, Roripa syivestris (L.) Bess. M. p. 452, Wet meadows. Summer. 2. Roripa optusa (Nutt.) Britton. M. p. 452. Ballast. Spring and sum- mer. : Camden—Camden (He.). 3. RoRipa PALUSTRIS (L.) Bess. Marsh Cress. M. p. 452. Wet places and in shallow water. Summer. 4. RorIPA HISPIDA (Desv.) Britton. M, p. 453. Wet places. Summer. Philadelphia— (P:). . Bucks—Delaware Riverl(Fr.). Lancaster—(P.). Northampton—Easton, Porter (B. C.). Dauphin—(P.). ral 162 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Salem—Penn Grove (C.). Mercer—Trenton, Princeton (C.). Hunter: don— Rosemont (C.). New Castle—Cherry, Island. Frequent. : : 5. Roripa Nasturtium (L.) Rusby. Water Cress, M.. -D. 453. " Brooks and ditches. Summer. 6. Roripa Arnmoracea (L.) A. 8S. Hitchcock. Horse-radish. M. p. 453. Escaped, from cultivation into. moist ground. Summer. 7. Rona AMERICANA (A. Gray) Britton. M. p. 453. Slow streams, - Summer. ‘ Philadelphia— (P.). 13. CARDAMINE L. BITTER CrEss. Leaves pinnately divided, or some of. thom, of but a pngle terminal segment. Flowers 1-2 em. broad, white or purplish. . C. pratense. Flowers 2-8 mm. broad, white. ; Mature pods erect, 0.5-1 mm. wide. Flowers 4-5 mm. wide; plants of swamps, streams, or wet “grounds. Segments of basal leaves 4-25 mm. wide; plant .2-9 dm. tall. 2. C. Pennsylwanica. Segments of basal leaves 1- 3 mm. wide; plant 1-3 dm. tall. 3. C. arenicola. Flowers 2-3 mm. wide; plant of dry, rocky situations. 4. C. parviflora. Mature pods, divergent or ascending, more a 1 mm. wide, 5. C. flewuosa. Leaves entire, toothed, or rarely with 1 or 2 lateral segments. Stem erect from a tuberous base. ‘ 6. C. bulbosa. Stem decumbent, atolonitersiis; roots fibrous. 7. C. rotundifolia. 1, CARDAMINE PRATENSIS L. Cuckoo- -flower. M. p. 454. Wet places. Spring. iE ew Philadelphia—Wissahickon (Ja.), Germantown (Me.). — 2. CARDAMINE PENNSYLVANICA Muhl. M. p. 454. Wet places. Spring. 3. CARDAMINE ARENICOLA Britton. M. p. 454. Moist or wet sandy soil. Spring. Lancaster—Safe Harbor (P.): 4. CARDAMINE PARVIFLORA L. M. p. 454. Rocks. Spring. 5, CARDAMINE FLEXUOSA With. M. p. 454. In wet woods and swamps. Spring. . Bucks—Three-Mile Run, Tullytown (Fr.). Northampton—(P.). 6. CARDAMINF BULBOSA (Schreb.) B. S..P. Spring Cress. M. p. 455. Wet. meadows and springs. Spring. ' 7. CARDAMINE ROTUNDIFOLIA Michx. M. p. 455. Hoel shaded SDE Spring. i ' Bucks—Quakertown (Cr.), Springfield, rare (Fr). ‘Delaware—Valley of ‘Darby Creek (B. Sm.). Chester— Coatesville, H. E, Stone (B. C.), Upland, London Grove (Le.). Lancaster — York Furnace oe ny (Li.). Dauphin—Rockville (Wn.). New Castle—N. Park, N. Long Race, Tatnall; Mount Cuba, Psavines Rare. : CRUCIFERAL.. « 463 14. DENTARIA L. Tooruwort, PEPrer-Roor. Basal leaves and stem-leaves similar. Leaf-divisions lanceolate or oblong, lobed or cleft. 1D. lactnjata. Leaf-divisions ovate or ovate- -oblong, crenate or lobed. 2. D. diphgjlla. Divisions of the stem leaves linear or lanceolate; those of the basal leaves ovate, much broader. 3. D. heterophylla. 1, Dnraria LactniaTs Muhl. M. p. 455. Damp woodlands. Spring, 2, DBNTARIA DIPHYLLA Michx. M. p. 456. Rich woods. Spring. . Bucks—Nockamixon (Fr.). 3. DENTARIA HETEROPHYLLA Nutt. M. p. 456. Damp woods. Spring. / Philadelphia—Belmont Valley (Gi.). Bucks—Near Quakertown, rare (Fr.). Montgomery — Rose Glen (Br. ) p Shannonville | (Cr. ry Arcola (Mar.). Chester—(P.). Hunterdon—Stockton (C.). New Castle — Rattlesnake Run, Tatnall and Fell; Duponts, Tatnall; Faulkland, Commons. — + 15. LUNARTA L. 1. Lunarm annua L. Honesty. M. p. 456. Escaped from. gardens Early summer. Bucks—Nockamixon (P.). Delaware—Concord (W. Tr.). 16. LESQUERELLA 8. Wats. Buapprer Pon. 1, LESQUERELLA PERFOLIATUM (L.) Watson. Ballast. Summer. Camden—W. J. & 8S. R. Yard, Camden (Li.). 17. BURSA Weber. 1. Bursa Bursa-pastoris (L.) Britton. Shepherd’s Purse. M. p, 459. Fields and waste places. All year. 18. CAMELINA Crantz. Fause Fuax. Glabrous or nearly so; pod 6-8 mm. long. 1. C. sativa, Pubescent, at least below; pod 4-6 mm. long. 2. C. microcarpa. 1, CaMELINA sativa (L.) Crantz. M.p.459. Waste places. Early summer. + Philadelphia—Byberry, Mart. (B.'C.), Germantown (Me.), above Mana- yunk (Pr.}, Wayne Junetion (Wn.). Bucks—Benjamin (Fr.). Ment- gomery — Shannonville (Cr.); Delaware — Swarthmore (Pr.), Concord (W.Tr.). Chester—(P.). Lancaster—(P.). Lehigh—Lehigh Moun- tain (Kr.). Dauphin—Harrisburg, Steelton (Wn.). Burlington — Moorestown (Sts.). Camden — Kaighn’s Point (He.), Clementon (Sa.). Gloucester—Mullica Hill (He.), Westville (Ke.), Tim- ber Creek (Te.). New Castle—Common. 2, CAMELINA mIoRocARPA Andrz. M. p. 459. Waste places. Summer. Bucks—Penn Valley (Fr.). Delaware—(P.). Northampton— (P.). 19. NESLIA Desv. Batt Mustarp. 1. Nesta PANIcuLATA (L.) Desv. M. p. 459. Waste places. Summer. Philadelphia—Ballast (P.). 164 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 20. RAPISTRUM Desy. 1. Rapistrum rucosum (L.) All. M. p. 460. Ballast and waste places. Summer. Philadelphia— Ballast (He.). MNorthampton—Easton, Porter (B. C.). Camden—Kaighn’s Point (He.). 21. DRABA L. WHuHITLOW-GRASS. Petals deeply 2-cleft. 1. D. verna. Petals entire, or rarely toothed. 2. D. Caroliniana. 1. DRaBa verNA L. M. p. 460. Sandy places. Early spring. 2. DRABA CAROLINIANA Walt, M. p. 460. Sandy fields. Spring. Bucks—Point Pleasant (Fr.). Lancaster —Lancaster (Ca). Burlington—Burlington, I. Burk (He.). Camden—Cooper’s Creek near Starrs, Mart. (B. C.), Clementon (Br.). Gloucester—Swedesboro (Li.). Cumberland—Vineland (Ab.). Middlesex—South Amboy (C.). Hunter- don—Bull’s Island (C.). . ‘ 22. SOPHIA Adans. HEDGE-MUSTARD. Pods narrowly linear, 1.5-2.5 em. long, 1 mm, wide, curved upward; pedicels ascending. 1. 8. Sophia. Pods linear-oblong, 5-14 mm. long, 1-2 mm. wide, straight or nearly so. 2. 8. pinnata. 1. Sopuia Sopuia (L.) Britton. M. p. 462. Waste places. Summer. Philadelphia— Philadelphia Salt Works, I. Burk (He.). Camden—Kaighn’s Point (Ja.) (‘Te.) (Wn.).. 2. SopHIa PINNATA (Walt.) Britton. M. p. 462. Dry soil. Summer. Philadelphia — Ballast (P.). Chester — Banks of the Schuylkill, Dar- lington (FI. C.). , Cape May—Delaware Bay (C.). Hunterdon—Rosemont (C.). 23. STENOPHRAGMA Celak. 1. SrenopHracma Tuauiana (L.) Celak. Mouse-ear Cress. M.p. 463. Old fields and rocks. Spring. 24, ARABIS L. RocK-cREss. ‘ Seeds in 1 row, or in 2 incomplete rows in each cavity of the pod. Basal leaves pinnatifid; pods ascending. _ 1. A. lyrata. Basal leaves merely dentate or lyrate. / Pods nearly erect, 1 mm. broad. Flowers white, 8 mm. broad; pods not appressed; style 1 mm. long. 2. A. patens. Flowers white or greenish-white, 4-6 mm. broad; pods ap- pressed; style none. 3. A. hirsuta. Pods recurved-spreading. Plant glabrous throughout. 4, A. laevigata. Leaves and lower part of stem hairy. | 5. A. Canadensis. Seeds in 2 distinct rows in each cavity of the pod. 6. A. glabra. 1. ARaBis LyRaTa L. M. p. 463. Rocks and sandy shores. Spring and summer. ? 2. ARABIS PATENS Sulliv. M. p. 464. Rocky woods. Summer. Bucks—Rock Hill (Ja.). Montgomery—Ivy Rock (Le.) (Wn.y¥. Dela- CAPPARIDACEAE. 165 ‘ware—Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.). Chester—Hibbert’s Mill (Pr.), Phonixville (Sa.). Lancaster—(P.). Berks—Reading (Wn.). 8. ARABIS HIRSUTA (L.) Scop. M. p. 464. Rocks. Summer. Bucks—Near Sellersville (Fr.). Chester—Chester Valley (Le.).. Lan- . easter—York Furnace (Cr.). Berks—Opposite Reading (Wn.). North- ampton—(P.). rae - Zz Gloucester —Swedesboro (Li.). Mercer —Hightstown (C.). (A. ARABIS LAEVIGATA (Muhl.) Poir. M. p. 464. Rich wooded hills. Spring. 5,,ARABIS CANADENSIS L. Sickle-pod. M. p. 464. Woods and ravines. Summer. 5 6. ARABIS GLABRA (L..) Bernh. Tower Mustard. M.-p. 4657; Rocks and fields. Summer. Delaware — Upper Providence (Fu.). Northampton — Easton, Porter (B. C.). Cape May—Cape May Point (C.). New Castle—18th street near Woodlawn, Tatnall and Commons. 25. ERYSIMUM L. 1, ERYSIMUM CHEIRANTHOIDES L. Wormseed or Treacle Mustard. M. p. 465. Banks of streams and ballast. Summer. Philadelphia—Old Navy Yard, I. Burk (He.), Germantown (Me.), Gib- son’s Point (Mac.), Girard Point (Te.). Lancaster — York Furnace, above Peach Bottom (Pr.). Dauphin—(P.). i 26. ALYSSUM L. 1. ALYSSUM ALYSSOIDES (L.) Gouan, M. p. 466. Fields. Summer. Philadelphia—Chestnut Hill, C. F. Barker (B. C.), Mount Airy (Me.). Delaware—Concord (W. Tr.). Northampton—Easton, Porter (B. C.). 27, KONIGA Adans, 1, Koniea MAriTIMA (L.) R. Br. Sweet Alysswm. M, p. 466. Occasion- ally escaped. 28. HESPERIS L. 1. HESPERIS MATRONALIS L. Dame’s Violet, Rocket. M. p. 467. Fields and roadsides. Summer. Family 3. CAPPARIDACEAE Lindl. Caper Family. Pod long-stipitate on its pedicel. 1. Cleome. Pod nearly or quite sessile on its pedicel. 2. Polanisia. 1, CLEOME L. 1. Ouzome spinosa L. Spider-flower. M. p. 468. Waste places. Summer. 2. POLANISIA Raf, 1, POLANISIA GRAVEOLENS Raf. M. p. 468. Sandy and gravelly shores. Summer. Philadelphia — Navy Yard (Te.). Lancaster — York Furnace, Peach 166 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Bottom (Ca.) (Pr.), York Haven (Le.), Columbia (Sa.): (Wu.). Dauphin —Harrisburg (Me.) (Pr.), Steelton (Wn.). Family 4. RESEDACEAE S&S. F. Gray. Mignonette Family. Leaves entire; upper petals lobed, the lower entire. 1. RB. Luteola. Leaves lobed or pinnatifid. 2. By lutea. 1, RESEDA Lutroua L. Dyer’ S- “weed or Weld. M. p. 469. Waste places ‘ and ballast. Summer. Philadelphia — Greenwich Point (Mac.) (Te.), Girard Point (Te.). Bucks—Pleasant Hill, extinct (Fr.). Camden—Kaighn’s Point. 2. Resepd Lurea L. Mignonette, M. p. 469. Ballast. Summer. Philadelphia — Ola 'N avy Yard (Te. ). Northampton — Bethlehem, on African Ore piles, E. A. Raw (B. C.). Camden—Kaighn’s Point. RESEDA aLBa L. M. p. 469. Ballast. Summer. Philadelphia— Philadelphia, (P.). RESEDA PHYTEUMA L. Ballast. Camden— —Kaighn’s Point. (Ja.) (Wn.). Order 13. SARRACENIALES. Ovary 3-5-celled; leaves hollow. Fam. 1. Sarraceniaceae. Ovary 1-celled; leaves circinate in unfolding, the blade fiat. Fam. 2. Droseraceae. Family 1. SARRACENIACEAE La Pyl. Pitcher-plant Family. 1. SARRACENIA L. 1. SaRRACENIA PURPUREA L. . Pitcher-plant, Side-saddle Flower. M. p. 470. Peat bogs. Early summer. Delaware—Tinieum, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.) (B. Sm.) (W. Tr.). New Jersey—Common. New Castle—Thompsons, Tatnall; Cedar Swamp, Commons. Rare. Family 22 DROSERACEAES. F. Gray. Sundew Family. 1. DROSERA L. Sunvew. Blade of the leaf orbicular, or wider than long; petals white. 1. D. rotundifolia. Blade of the leaf linear, or longer than wide. Leaves linear or spatulate, with a distinct petiole; petals white. 2. D. intermedia. Leaves filiform, much elongated, with no distinct es petals purple, Dz filiformis. 1. DROSERA ROTUNDIFOLIA L. M. p. 471. Bogs or wet ba Summer, 2. DROSERA INTERMEDIA Hayne. M. p. 471. Bogs. Summer. Bucks—Tullytown (Fr.). Delaware—Tinieum (St.). New Jersey—Common. New Castle—Frequent. DROSERACEAE. 167 3. DROSERA FILIFORMIS Raf. M.p.471. Wet sand near the coast. Summer. New Jersey—Common. Order 14. ROSALES. ‘Small, aquatic, fleshy herbs, with a spathe-like involuere and a 2- 3- celled capsule ; 3 perianth none. Fam. 1. Podostemaceae. Land or rarely swamp plants without an involucre. Endosperm present, ee Eee and na jy. leaves mostly without stipules. ,. Herbs. ‘Carpels as many as the calyx- dc stamens as many oF - twice as many. - saw. Plants succulent ; carpels distinié, or united at the base, dehiscent lengthwise.. , Fam..2. Crassulaceae. Plants not succulent ; carpels united to the middle, cireum- scissile. Fam. 3. Penthoraceae. Carpels fewer than the calyx- os ei Staminodia present; carpels 3 or 4, wholly united into a one-celled ovary. Fam. 4. . Parnassiaceae. Staminodia ‘none; carpels mostly 2, their upper part at least distinct. Fam. 5. Saxifragaceae. Shrubs or trees. eas : Leaves opposite. . Fam. 6. Hydrangeaceae. Leaves alternate. Fruit a 2-celled, thin-walled capsule; its base adnate to the calyx. — : Fam. 7. Iteaceae. Fruit a 1-celled berry... Fam. 8. Grossulariaceae. Fruit a 2-celled, woody, hard capsule. Fam..9. Hamamelidaceae. Endosperm none, or very little (copious in Opulaster).. Trees with broad leaves and small, monccious,. densely. capitate flowers. Fam. 10. Platanaceae. Flowers perfect, or if diecious or monecious, not densely capitate. Flowers regular. © : Pistils several or numerous; if only one, as in Sangui- sorba, it becomes a dry, one-seeded achene. Carpels distinet, rarely adnate 'to the calyx, ripening into follicles or achenes. Fam. 11. Rosaceae. ‘Carpels united, enclosed by the calyx-tube and adnate to it, the fruitapome. Fam. 12. Pomaceae. Pistil only’ one. Ovary 2-ovuled; fruit a drupe; leaves simple. Fam. 13. Drupaceae. Ovary several-ovuled ; fruit a, legume; leaves 2-3-pin- nate. ‘Petals valvate’ in the bud. Fam. 14. Mimosaceae. Petals Jcabetoated 4 in the bud; Gleditsia and Gym- nocladus in Caesalpinaceae. Flowers irregular (nearly or quite regular in Gleditsia and Gymnocladus). Fruit | a legume; upper petal enclosed. by the lateral ones in the bud; leaves compound, mostly stipulate. Toys feces 7 4. Sam. 15. Caesalpinaceae. Fruit a legume or loment; upper petal enclosing the lat- eral ones in the bud; leaves | compound (sometimes 1- foliolate), stipulate. Fam. 16.' Papilionaceae. 168 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Family 1. PODOSTEMACEAE Lindl. Riverweed Family. 1. PODOSTEMON Michx. 1. PoposteMon CERATOPHYLLUM Michx. River-weed. M. p. 472. Shallow streams. Summer. Philadelphia — Byberry, Mart. (B. C.). Bucks — Nockamixon (Fu) (Fr.). Delaware—Coneord (W. Tr.). Chester—(P.). Lancaster—Tue-, quan Island (P.). Northampton—(P.). , New Castle—Red Clay Creek, Brandywine Creek, etc. ‘Frequent. Family 2. CRASSULACEAE DC. Orpine Family. Stamens of the same number as the sepals, minute herbs. 1. Tillaea. Stamens twice as many as the sepals; succulent herbs. 2. Sedum. 1, TILLAEA L. 1, TrnLagEa aquatica L. _Pigmy- -weed. M. p. ‘473. Muddy river banks. Summer. ~ Philadelphia— (P.). ae New Castle— Above railroad bridge, Canby. t 2. SEDUM L. Cyme regular, compound, the flowers not secund; leaves nnn flat. Flowers diccious, mostly 4-parted. ~ . 8. roseum. Flowers perfect, 5-parted. ? S. Telephium. Flowers secund along the branches of the cyme. a. oni ' Petals yellow. 3. 8. acre. Petals white. 4, 8. ternatum. 1. SepuM RosEUM (L.) Scop. Roseroot. M. p.474. Rocky places. Spring. Bucks—Nockamixon. 2. Sepum TELEPHIUM L. Garden Orpine. M. p. 474, Escaped from culti- vation. Summer. 3. Szpum acrE L. Mossy Stonecrop. M. p. 474. Escaped from cultiva- tion, rocks and roadsides. ‘Summer, 4, S—puM TERNATUM. Stonecrop. M. p. 474. Rocky woods; also escaped from cultivation. Spring. # Bucks—Buckingham, Mart. (B. C.), Narrowsville (Li.). Delaware— Glen Mills (Fu.), Burmont (Mac.), Valley of Darby Creek, probably in- troduced (B. Sm.). Chester— Westtown (Le.) (Sts.), Goshen Twp. (Pr.). Lancaster—York Furnace. Dauphin—Steelton (Wn.). New Castle—Rockford, introduced. Family 3. PENTHORACEAE Rydb. Ditch Stonecrop Family. 1, PENTHORUM L. 1. Penrworum seporss L. Ditch Stonecrop. M. p. 475. Open, wet places. Summer. SAXIFRAGACEAE. 169 ae 4. PARNASSIACEAE Dumort. Grass of Paraassus Family. 1. PARNASSIA L. oy 1. PaRNASSIA CAROLINIANA Michx. Grass of Parnassus. M. p.'476. Wet . banks. Summer, Bucks— (P.):° Lehigh—Black River bog (Kr.). Northampton—Eas~ ton, A. P. Garber (B. C.).. Ocean—New Egypt (C.). Family 5. SAXIFRAGACEAE Dumort. Saxifrage Family. Placentae: axial. )+ 1, Sanifraga. Placentae almost basal. 2. Tiarella. Placentae, parietal. “as Petals present; terrestrial plants. - Petals entire. 3. Heuchera. : °° Petals ‘lobed or ‘pinnatifid. é i 4. Mitella. Petals, none;.-small aquatic plants. 8 5. Chrysospleniwm. 1. ‘SAXIFRAGA L. _SAXIFRAGE, Plants iad 3-10 dm. tall, growing in met places. Leaves merely denticulate or repand; follicles ovoid. 1. 8S. Pennsylvanica. Leiives’ coarsely and sharply dentate; ‘follicles lanceolate. 2. 8. micranthidifolia, Plants low, 5-45 em. tall, growing i in dry or rocky places. oo SI ee wee Soa Pyeng (88. Virginiensis. lL; aTRaRHY (PENNSYLVANICA L. Swamp anaes M. p. ane ial Spring. - Ys 2. SAXIFRAGA MICRANTHIDIFOLIA (Haw:) B.S. P. . Lettuce Saxifage. ~M. p. 479. Cold mountain brooks. Spring. . Lehigh— Allentown,’ A. P.:Garber (B. C.), Idlewild, Lehigh Mountain Bade Northampton—Bethlehem, Dr. J. B. Brinton, (He.).. 3. SaxiFRaGs VIRGINIENSIS Michx. Early Saxifrage. M. p. 479. Exposed rocks and ,dty. hillsides. Early spring. +! . ‘ ‘ , 2. TIARELLA L. 1. TIARELLA corDIFOLIA L. ‘False Mitrewort. M. p. 480. Moist woods. Early spring. Delaware—Crum Creek, James Howard (Fu.). { 3. HEUCHERA L. ALUM-ROOT. Stem with 1-3 leaves. 1. H. Curtisii. Stem strictly scapose. 2. H. Americana. 1, Heucuera Curtisn T. & G. M. p. 481. Rich woods. Spring.” Lancaster ‘ — Lancaster, Mart. “iB. ©) i ‘Safe Harbor, (Ca. » York Fur- nace (Cr. Ne 2. Hevconera AMERICANA L. M. p. 482. ‘Rocky saevlniti ‘Summer. 4. MITELLA L. 1, MIrELLA DIPHYLLA L. Mitrewort, Bishop’s-cap. M. p. 483. Rich woods.. Spring. we i : : 170 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 5. CHRYSOSPLENIUM L. 1. CHRYSOSPLENIUM AMERICANUM Schwein. Golden Saxifrage. M. p. 483. Cold, wet places. Early spring. ‘Family 6 HYDRANGEACEAE Dumort. Hydrangea Family. Stamens 8-10; exterior flowers of the corymb usually neutral. 1. Hydrangea. Stamens 20-40; all flowers perfect. 2. Philadelphus. 1. HYDRANGEA L. 1. Hyprancza arporescens L. Wild Hydrangea. M. p. 484. Rocky banks. Early summer. Philadelphia—Banks of Schuylkill, Mart. (B. C.), Chamounix (Ke.), Shawmont (Le.) (Sa.), Fairmount Park (Te.) (Wn.). Bucks — Nar- rowsville, Dr. J. B. Brinton (B. C.), Point Pleasant (Fr.),Brownsburg, Delaware River shore (Ws.). Montgomery — Rose Glen (Ja.), Pencoyd (Re.), W. Spring Mills (U. C. 8.), Flat Rock Tunnel (Wn.). Chester— Valley Forge (Cr.). Lancaster—York Furnace (Cr.) (Li.), Susquehanna River (Pr.). Lehigh—Along the Lehigh, Laurel Hill (Kr.). Northamp- ton—Easton, Porter (B. C.). Dauphin—Steelton (Wn.). Burlington — Bordentown (C.).. Hunterdon — Lambertville, Mountain Gilboa, Raven Rock (C.). 2. PHILADELPHUS L. Mock Orana@r. SyRINGA. Flowers inodorous, solitary or few. 1. P. grandiflorus. Flowers racemose, numerous, fragrant. 2. P. coronarius. 1, PHILADELPHUS GRANDIFLORUS Willd. M. p. 485. Escaped from cultiva- tion. Spring. 2, PHILADELPHUS cORONARIUS L. M. p. 485. Escaped from cultivation, Early summer. Family 7. ITEACEAE Agardh. Itea Family. 1, ITEA L. 1. Irza Vircinica L. M. p. 485. Wet places in the pine-barrens. Harly summer. New Jersey— Frequent. New Castle—Frequent. Family 8. GROSSULARIACEAE Dumort. Gooseberry Family. 1. RIBES L. Leaves plicate in vernation.. Racemes 1-4 flowered, stem generally with subaxillary spines. Calyx-lobes oblong, shorter than the tube; berry often spiny or bristly, stamens not exserted. 1, K&. Cynosbati. Calyx-lobes equalling or exceeding the tube; berry glabrous. Stamens scarcely exceeding the oblong calyx-lobes. 2. BR. oxyacanthoides. Stamens somewhat exceeding the linear calyx-lobes. ‘3.. RB. rotundifoliwm. Racemes many-flowered; stem unarmed; calyx campaanulate, 4. R. floridum. | \PLATANACEAE. 171 Leaves convolute in bud; stem unarmed; calyx-tube tubular, bright yellow. . &. aureum. ' 4 RIBES L. Gooszperry and CurRANT. 1, Rises Cynossati L. Dog-berry. M. p. 486. Rocky woods. Spa Lancaster—Columbia (Pr.). Berks—Monocacy (Me.), near Hamburg (Wn.). oe 2. RIBES OXYACANTHOIDES L. M. p. 487. Wet woods. Early summer. Bucks—Narrowsville (Li.). Delaware—Chester Heights (Wn.). Lan- caster—(P.). Northampton—Pen Argyl (Ja.). , 3. RIBES ROTUNDIFOLIUM Michx. M. p. 487. Rocky woods. Early summer. Bucks—Nockamixon (Fr.) (Ws.), Hayeock Mountain (Ws.). Berks— Monocacy (Me.). Lehigh—Idlewild, along the Lehigh (Kr.). North- ampton—Easton (Ca.). 4. Rises rrorium L’Her. Wild Black Currant. M. p. 488. Woods. Spring. Philadelphia— Wissahickon (Je.), Shawmont (Sa.). Bucks—Near Sel- lersville (Fr.), Narrowsville (Li.). Montgomery — Flat Rock Tunnel (Te.). Delaware—Lansdowne (Pe.), Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.), Middletown (W. Tr.). Chester—(P.). Northampton—Easton, Porter (B. C.). Lehigh—Coplay, cult. (Kr.). Mercer — Princeton and along Assanpink Creek (C.). Somerset —Pea- pack (C.). New Castle—Riddles, Tatnall; Pyle’s Mill, T. Burris’ Run and Center- ville, Commons. 5. RIBES AUREUM Pursh. Golden Currant. M. p. 488. In cultivation. Spring. RiBEs RUBRUM L. Red Currant. M. p. 488. Escaped from eulti- vation. Spring. Family 9.5 HAMAMELIDACEAE Lindl. Witch-Hazel Family. Ovules 1 in each cavity; flowers perfect or polygamous; shrubs or small trees; fruit not spiny. 1. Hamamelis. Ovules several in each cavity; flowers monecious; large trees; fruit glob- ular, spiny. 2. Liquidambar. % 1. HAMAMELIS L. 1, HaMaMELIS Virncinmana L. Witch-hazel. M. p. 489. Damp woods. Autumn. 2. LIQUIDAMBAR L. 1. LiquipamBar Styracirtua L. Sweet-gum. M. p. 489. Philadelphia— Valley of Delaware. Bucks—Bristol(Fr.). Delaware— U. Darby, Tinicum (B. Sm.). Family 10. PLATANACHAE Lindl. Plane Tree Family. 1. PLATANUS L. 1. PLATANUS OCCIDENTALIS L. Sycamore, Buttonwood. M. p. 490. Allu- AH Vial banks. Spring. 172 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Family 11. ROSACEAE B. Juss. Rose Family: hie Fruit not enclosed in a hollow receptacle, the so-called calyx. Pistils few, seldom more than 5, ripening into. 2-4-seeded follicles. Follicles dehiscent along both sutures ; seeds enna) core label Follicles dehiscent along one suture; Bewde) dull: 5 a Pistils alternate with the calyx-lobes. 2. Spiraea, Pistils opposite the calyx-lobes, petals white. 3. Porteranthus. Pistils numerous'or rarely few, nipening: ze 1-2-seeded ener or -achenes..: .. is Pistils ripening into drupelets crowded on the receptacle. Drupelets very pulpy. 4, Rubus. _Drupelets nearly dry, enclosed by the sid 5.: Dalibarda. ‘Pistils ripening into achenes, Style deciduous. ; f Style nearly basal ; ovules ascending or nearly erect, ortho- tropous; leaves ‘pinnate. ty * Ge Drymocallis. Style lateral; ovules ascending and amphitropous. 4 Receptacle much enlarged and red in fruit ; leaves trifoliolate. Receptacle pulpy, aes Npetals white. 7. Fragaria, Receptacle not pulpy; petals am Duchesnea. Receptacle not enlarged in fruit; leaves’ interruptedly pinnate; petals pellow¢ 2 9, ar genine Style terminal or nearly. so... }..00 60. . Pistils numerous; ovules pendulous and anatropons, 10. Potentilla. ‘ Pistils 2-6; ovules basal, erect. “11. Waldsteinia. Style persistent on the achene. 12. Gedm.: Fruit 1-4 achenes, enclosed in the. persistent, dry receptacle; herbs, Calyx bearing hooked prickles; petals 5. 13. Agrimonia. Calyx not prickly; petals none. 14. Sanguisorba. Fruit, numerous achenes, enclosed‘in the:fleshy receptacle; shrubs with pin- nate leaves. 15. Rosa. 1. DECREASES Medic. 1. OPULASTER OPULIFOLIUS (L.) Kuntze.’ Ninebark. | M. p. 492. "Rocky ; banks of streams; often cultivated. Early summer. pane. 2, SPIRAEA Li’ oa wes Glabrous or nearly so throughout. 1. 8. salicifolia. Twigs and lower surfaces of the leaves woolly-pubescent. 2. S. tomentosa. 1. SprraEA SALICIFOLIA L. Meadow-sweet. M.p.492. Wet or low grounds. Summer. age 2. SPIRAEA TOMENTOSA L. Hardhack, Steeple-bush. M. p. 492. Low grounds. Summer. : : 3. PORTERANTHUS Britton. : 1, PoRTERANTHUS TRIFOLIATUS (L.) Britton. Indian-physic, Bowman’s-root. _M. p..493. Rich woods. Summer. , Philadelphia— —Wissahickon (Me.) (Re.) (Te.) , Ratinount Park (Wn.). Bucks—Argus (Fr.), Lumberton, Delaware shore (Ws.). Montgomery — Shannonville (Cr.), Mill Creek, Walnut Hill (VP.). Delaware.— Media (Gi.) (Ws.), Wawa (Ja.) (U. C. 8.), Valley of Darby Creek (B. ROSACEAE. 178, Sm.), Greenwood near Media, (Te.), Chester (W. Tr.).. Chester—West Chester (He.), Westtown, South Valley Hill near Malvern (Le.). Lan- caster— York: Furnace (Ja.) (Li.). Berks—Wernersville. (Te.), Reading (Wn), LeRoy ’g (Kr.). Northampton—(P.). Dea ners tang (Mar.). ae Castle—Naaman 's Creek, Rockford, Wooddale, Mount ‘Cuba. ‘4. RUBUS L.. RASPBERRY. _ BLACKBERRY. BRAMBLE. Leaves simple, crénate, or palmately lobed: - 1. BR. odoratus. © Leaves 3-7 foliolate. Fruit falling away from the dry receptacle. Raspberries. Herbaceous, usually unarmed, 1-3 flowered; ae not white be- neath. . R. Americanus. Shrubby; many-flowered; leaves Shi oanuean beneath. 3. BR. occidentalis. Fruit persistent on the fleshy receptacle. Blackberries and dewberries. Erect, recurved or ascending; fruit black. Leaflets laciniate or deeply incised. 4. R. liciniatus. Leaflets serrate a incised, .. oh gan eee Leaves white-woolly beneath. 5. RB. cunetfolius. Leaves not white-woolly beneath. Inflorescence distinctly glandular. vy Fruit broadly ; oval, or nearly. spherical, very pulpy. 6. R. nigrobaoets, Fruit narrowly oblong or‘ thimble-shapéd. 7. R. Allegheniensis. .. [Inflorescence, and leaves decidedly villous, scarcely glandular. ‘Terminal leaflet’ one-half lotiger than the’ lateral ones, oblong to oblong-ovate. ' 8. BR. ostryifolius. Terminal leaflet slightly larger than the lateral ones, obovate or rhombic obovate. 9. R. frondosus. Inflorescence slightly. villous. Plant low, almost herbaceous, weakly, prickly. 10. RB. Randit. Plant tall and shrubby. ll. R. argutus. .. Trailing or. decumbent. Stem prickly; fruit black, Inflorescence usually many-flowered. Terminal leaflet. one-half longer than the lateral ones, oblong or oblong-ovate, acute. 8. R. ostryifolius. Terminal leaflet only slightly longer than‘ the lat- eral ones, ovate, acuminate. 12. R. procumbens. Inflorescence usually 1-2-flowered. Leaflets cuneate at the base; glabrous. 13. R. subunifiorus. Leaflets rounded or cordate at the base, pubescent beneath. 14. R. Baitleyanus. Stem bristly or weakly prickly; fruit red or, when ripe, almost black. Leaflets thick; inflorescence stout, strongly bristly or weakly prickly. 15. B. nigricans. Leaflets thin; inflorescence sparingly and weakly bristly. 16. R. hispidus. 174 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 1. Rubus oporatus L. Purple Flowering Raspberry. M. p. 495. Rocky banks. Summer. eas - Philadelphia— Wissahickon (VP.), Fairmount Park (Wn). Bucks— ‘Rock Hill (Fr.) (Ja.) (Mac.), Point Pleasant, Delaware ‘shore, Center- bridge (Ws.), Nockamixon (Wn.). Montgomery — Shannonville (Cr.), Schwenksville (U. C. 8.), Skippack Creek (VP.).' Chester—Coatesville, H. E. Stone (B. C.), Falls of French Creek (Sa.) (S. Tr.). Lancaster— Octoraro Creek (Pr.).. Berks — Hamburg (He.). (Ke.) (Li.), Werners- ville (Te.), Reading (Wn.). Lehigh—All along the Lehigh (Kr.). North-: ampton—Easton, Porter (B. C.). Dauphin—Steelton ae Ib. Hunterdon—Locktown, Pittstown (C.). New Castle—Rockford, Mount Cuba, scarce. : 2. Rusus AMERICANUS (Pers.) Britton. Dwarf. Raspberry. M. p. 495. Swamps. Summer. ' Bucks—Near Quakertown (Fr.). 3. RuBus occiwentaLtis L. Black Raspberry, Thimblederry. M. p. 496. Woods and roadsides. Early summer. 4, RUBUS LACINIATUS Walle M. p. 496. reaped from. cultivation, Sum- mer. Bucks — Bristol (Br.) (Fr. ), Point Pleasant (fr). 5. RuBus cunzIrouius Pursh.. Sand Blackberry. M. p. 496. Sandy soil. Early summer. Bucks—Penn Valley (Cr:) (Wn.). Delaware—Tinicum (St.). Chester . —Northwest of Coatesville (St.).. Lancaster—Pleasant Grove (Ca.). New Jersey—Common. New Castle—Blackbird Head. 6. Rusus NIGROBACCUS Bailey. Common Blackberry. M. p. 496. Borders of thickets. Early summer. 7. RuBus ALLEGHENIENSIS Porter. M. p. 496. _Dry dat. Early summer. Montgomery — Willow Grove (St.). Chester — Near Coatesville, near West Chester (St.). Northampton—Pen Argyl (He.). 8. RuBUS osTRyIroLius Rydb. M. p, 497. Near seashore. Summer. Cape May—Stone Harbor (Br. . 9. Rusus FRoNpDOsUS Bigel. M. p. 497. Borders of thickets. Summer, 10. Rusus Ranpu (Bailey) Rydb. M. p. 497. Summer. Philadelphia—{P.), Bucks—(P.). Montgomery—(P.). Delaware— Tinicum (St.). Chester—(P.). Lancaster—(P.). Northampton—(P.). 11. Rusus arcutus Link. M. p. 497. Early summer. Delaware—Tinicum (8t.). Burlington—Speedwell (St.). 12. Rusus PROCUMBENS Muhl. Dewberry. M. p. 498. Dry fields. Spring. 13. RuBus SUBUNIFLORUS Rydb. M. p. 498.. Sandy or dry soil. Near the coast. Early summer. : Chester —Christiana, W. Bradford ee Burlington—Medford (St.). 14. Rusus BaILEyanus Britton. M. p. 498. Dry woods and thickets. « Early summer. ROSACEAE. , : 175 Bucks—Penn Valley, Dr. N. L. Britton (Fr.). Montgomery—Willow Grove (St.). Delaware — Tinicum (Fr.). Chester — Coatesville (St.). Lancaster—(P.). Northampton—(P.). —— : 15. RuBus NieRIcANS Rydb. M. p. 498. Open creams: Bucks—Tullytown, Bicknell (Fr.). 16, Rusvus HisPipus L. Running Swamp Blackberry. M. p. 498.. Swamps or low grounds. Summer. Rusus FRuTicosus L. Ballast and escaped from cultivation. ‘Summer. Camden—Kaighn’s Point (Ja.). New Castle—18th and Washington streets, Wilmington. an 5. DALIBARDA L. 1, DALIBARDA REPENS L. M. p. 499. Woods. Summer. _ Lehigh—Blue Ridge, Heidelberg (Kr.). Gloucester—Swedesboro (Li.) (Wa.) (He.). 6. DRYMOCALLIS Fourr. 1. Dewusaiinye areuTaA (Pursh.) Rydb. Cinquefoil, Five-finger. M. p. 499. Rocky hills. Summer. Bucks—New Hope (Ws.). Delaware—Lima (S. Tr.), Lewis Mill, Crum Creek (VP.). Lancaster—Safe Harbor (Ca.). Northampton—(P.). Burlington—Near Riverton (Ha.). Camden— Winslow Junction (Mac.) (Wn.). Hunterdon—Lambertville, Rosemont, Bull’s Island (C.). 7, FRAGARIA L. SrrRawBerry. Achenes imbedded in pits on the fruit. 1. F. Virginiana. Achenes borne on the surface of the fruit; leaflets subsessile. Stout; leaflets thickish; plant naturalized ; fruit ovoid to hemispheric. 2. FF. vesca. Slender; leaflets thin; native plant; fruit ovoid to conic. 3. F. Americana. 1. FraGaria VirGiIniana Duchesne. M. p. 500. Dry soil. Spring. 2. Fracaria vesca L. M. p. 501. Fields and roadsides. Spring. 3. FragaRia AMERICANA (Porter) Britton. M. p. 501. Rocky woods. Early summer. Bucks—Nockamixon (He.). Lancaster—(P.). 8, DUCHESNEA J. E, Smith. 1. DucuEsngea Inpica (Andr.) Focke, Indian Strawberry. M. p. 501. Waste places. Spring and summer. Philadelphia—Bartram’s Garden, Woodland’s Cemetery (Gi.), Gray’s Ferry (Le.), Walnut Hill, Wissahickon (VP.). Bucks — Narrowsville, Durham (Fr.). Delaware—Darby, Dr. Geo. Smith (B. C.), Darby Creek (VP.). Lancaster—(P.). Northampton—Easton, Porter (B. C.). Burlington—Moorestown (Sts.). Camden—Haddonfield (Wa.). Mer- cer—Trenton (C.). New Castle—Brandywine Park. 176 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. ee 9, ARGENTINA Lam. 1. ARGENTINA ANSERINA (L.) Rydb. ' Silver-weed. M. p. 502. Ballast. Summer. Philadelphia—Greenwich Point phee Camden—Kaighn’s Point. z a) 3 4 ae ai got a 10. POTENTILLA L. CinquErom. — Flowers cymose; erect or ascending herbs. Leaflets 5:7. ‘ 1. P. argentea. Leaflets 3. “2. P. Monspeliensis. Flowers solitary, axillary; creeping or ascending plants. Stem. long-assurgent; first, flower from the axil of. the. second stem-leaf or some subsequent eaf. 3. Canadensis. Plant low, less than 1 dm. high; first flower from the axil of the first stem-leaf. 4. P. pumila. 1. Porentina arcEntEa L. Mz. p. 503. ‘Dry; barren fields: Summer. Bucks—Sellersville (Fr. ). Delaware—Swarthmore (Fu.) (Pr). North- ampton— (P.). Camden — Ballast (C. ys Gloucester . — Mullica Hill (C.). Ocean — Forked River (Mac.).° * Monmoiith — : North’ side of Deal Lake, Belmar -? (Wn.), Phalanx (C.). ' Mercer—Trenton' (C.). Hunterdon—Lambert- ville (C.). gear as St sa" 2. “Pormnrmna Mowsrntiensts L, M. Py 504. “Dry | soil. Summer. 3. POTENTILLA Canapaatars L. Wild Strowberty, | M. p. 506. Dry soil. Summer. © si. AN ge sub elt 2 Ps 4. PoTENTILLA PUMILA EOi an Pp. muss, oe soil. Summer. AVE go 11. WALDSTEINIA’ ‘Willd, Me os aR stay 1. WALDSTEINIA FRAGARIOIDES (Michx,) Tratt. Barren idee” _M. 'p. 506. Wooded hillsides. Early summer. Bucks—Sellersville (Fr.). _ Montgoniery—Green Lane (VP.). Berks— Hamburg (Cr.). peapeings rigs ce on ey EA 4 + 12. GEUM_ L. ened Calyx-lobes strongly: reflexes ; style not plumosge,. sometimes hispid at base. Flowers yellow, 4 mm. broad; head of fruit stalked, ealyx bractless. LG. vernum. Flowers 6-20 mm. broad; head of fruit sessile, calyx ‘bracteolate.: Petals white, or very nearly so, obovate. Plant softly-pubeseent or glabrate;. are bristly. . G. Canadense. Plant rough-pubescent; receptacle scien or downy. ' 3. G. Virginianum. Petals cream-yellow, narrowly oblong, scarcely exceeding the sepals. 4 flavum. z ‘ Petals yéllow, broadly obovate or orbicular. stl ‘! Segments or lobes of upper stem- leaves broadly rhombic. ovate ; : petals 4-6. mm. long. 5. G. macrophyllum. _ Segments or lobes, of upper stem: leaves oblanceolate; petals 6-8 mm. long. 6.. G. strictum. Calyx-lobes erect or spreading; style plumose below ; flowers’ purple, ‘nod- ding. ae 1. G. rwate.: ROSACEAE. 177 1. Geum vernuM (Raf.) T. & G.. M..p. 507. Shaded ‘places. Spring. Philadelphia—Lower Wingohocking Creek (St.). _ Bucks—Quakertown (Cr.): (Le)... Delaware—Glen Mills (S. Tr.). Lancaster—Near Lan- easter, A. A, Heller (B.C.). Mercer—Princeton (C.). 2. GEUM CaNaDENsE Jacq. M. p. 507. Shaded places. Summer. 3. Geum Virernianum L.'' M.'p. 507. Low grounds. | Summer. : 4, GEUM FLAVUM (Porter) Bicknell, M. p. 508. Woods. Summer. Bucks. — Rock Hill, Perkasie (Fr. dr Solebury. Twp., abundant (Ws.). Delaware—Swarthmore, abundant} (Ws.). Chester— (P.). Northampton —(P.). : < 5. GEUM MACROPHYLLUM Willd. M. p. 508. Low grounds. Summer, Bucks— Andalusia (Br.). 6. GEUM srTRictum Ait,, M. p. 508.. Moist meadows. . Summer. 3 Philadelphia—Banks of Schuylkill, Dr. J.B. Brinton (He.). Bueks— Andalusia, Mart. (B. C.), Quakertown (Cr,), near Sellersville (Fr.). , Delaware—Castle Rock, Concord (Fu. )) Philadelphia Yacht Club (Ke.), Chester (W. Tr.). Chester — Near West Chester (He.).. _ Lancaster _ CP.).,. Northampton— Wind Gap, Pen Argyl (He.). | -~ 2: -Camden—Camden (C.), Gloucester —Mickleton (C.). Monmouth— Freehold (G). ig beta. Ges: EN iM ercer—Trenton (C. de, Somerset—Peapack (C. ds as 7. Gane RIVALE L. M. p. 508. Bogs and wet meadows., Summer. - ~ Chester—(P.). 13. AGRIMONTIA L. Acrimony. Racemes and leaves beneath with loosé, spreading hairs or glabrous. Roots -not tuberous; fruit large, turbinate,, with MRE ONE. radiating. bristles. 1. A, hirsuta. . Roots tuberous; fruit very. small,, hemispheric, with few. ascending or erect bristles. 2. A. striata. Racemes and leaves beneath closely and softly pubescent. Roots tuberous; stems pubescent; leaves not glandular- -dotted beneath. . 8. A. mollis. Roots not. tuberous ; are. hirsute ; leaves glandular- -dotted beneath. Leaflets, mostly 7-9; fruit. large, the bristles connivent. 4. A. Brittoniana. eluoettets mostly 11-17; fruit small, the bristles. radiate. 5. A. parviflora. 1, AGRIMONIA HIRSUTA (Muhl.) Bicknell. M.‘p. 511. Woods and thickets. ‘Summer. - oe ee 2, AGRIMONIA‘STRIATA Michx. M. p. 511. Dry woods. Summer. Bucks—~(P.). Lancaster—York Furnace (St.). Northampton—Eas- ton,, Porter (B. C.). coat 3, AGRIMONIA MOLLIS (T. & G.) Britton. M. p.'511. Dry woods and _ thickets. Summer. | ie, . ; Bucks—Sellersville (Fr.). Montgomery—Ivy Rock (S8t.). Delaware— Crum Creek (St.). Lancaster—(P.). Northampton—(P.).. . oh 4, AGRIMONIA BRITTONIANA Bicknell. M. p. 511. Thickets and roadsides. Summer, N orthampton— (P. . 5, AGRIMONIA PARVIFLORA Soland. M.'p. 512. Moist or dry soil. Summer. 178 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. . SANGUISORBA L. BURNET. Flowers capitate, ei stamens numerous; leaflets ie 20 mm. roi | 1. 8. Sanguisorba. Flowers spicate, white; , stamens 4; leaflets 25-75 mm. long. . Se Canadensis. ae . 1. SaneurisorBa SANGUISORBA (L.) ‘Britton, M. p. 512. Fields, rocks and ballast. Summer. , Philadelphia—Philadelphia, Mart. (B. C.), Girard Point (Te.). Bucks —Rock Hill (Fr.). Lehigh—Salisbury (Kr.). Northampton—Easton, Porter (B. C.). Burlington—Moorestown (C.). Camden—Kaighn’s Point (Ja.). 2. SaNGuisorBA CANADENSIS L. M. p. 512. Bogs and wet meadows. Summer. , Bucks—Pipersville, Bristol (Fr. ), Tullytown (Ja.) (Sa.). Delaware— Williamson (Fu.) (Mac.) (Wn. ), Haverford College (Le.), Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.), near Newtown Square (VP.). Chester—Oxford (Cr.), near ‘Coatesville (St.), Westtown (W. Tr.). Lancaster — (P.). Northampton— (P.). : Burlington—Burlington (C.), near Moorestown (Sts.). Camden—Cam- den (C.). Gloucester — Near Mullica Hill (C.), near Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). Salem—Auburn (Wa.). Monmouth—Freehold (C.). Mercer—Trenton (Wn. ), Hightstown, Princeton (C.). Middlesex—Sand Hill, South Amboy (C.). New Castle—Thompson’s, Moore’s, etc. Not rare. 15. ROSA L. Rose, Sepals eralstent, erect on the fruit. 1, B. blanda. Sepals deciduous, spreading. _ Leaflets finely serrate; spines stout, recurved. 2. R. Carolina. Leaflets coarsely serrate. Infrastipular spines nearly straight; native bushy species. Stems with scattered prickles or naked. Leaflets 7-9, shining above ; ‘flowers paral spines ' stout. 3. RB. lucida. Leaflets 5-7; flowers solitary or few; spines eae 4. R. humilis. Infrastipular spines stout, hooked; introduced wand-like or climb- - ing species. . Leaflets somewhat pubescent beneath, serrate. 5. R. canina. Leaflets very glandular beneath, doubly serrate. 6. RB. rubiginosa. 1. Rosa Buanpa Ait. M. p. 513. Moist, rocky places. Summer. Bucks — Hilltown (Fr.). Delaware — Middletown, Chrome Run (B. Sm.). Lancaster—(P.). 2. Rosa Carouina L. Swamp Rose. M. p. 513. Borders of swamps and streams. Summer. 3. Rosa Lucipa Ehrh. M. p, 514, Margins of swamps or moist places. Early summer. ‘ 4. Rosa HUMILIS Marsh. Pasture Rose. M. p. 514. Dry or rocky soil. Early summer. ‘POM ACEAE. 179 4a. ROSA HUMILIS VILLOSA Best. M. p. 514. Bucks—Point Pleasant, Dr. Geo. Best (Fv.). 5. Rosa canina L. Dog Rose. M. p. 514. Roadsides and waste places. Summer. 6. Rosa Rupiainosa L, Sweetbrier, Eglantine. M., p. 514. Roadsides and waste places. Early summer. eal Rosa sETIGERA Michx. Prairie Rose. M. p. 513. Escaped from cultivation. Early summer. Rosa CINNAMOMEA L. Cinnamon Rose. M. p. 514. Occasionally along roadsides. Summer. > Family 12. POMACEAE L. Apple Family. Ripe carpels papery or leathery. Cavities of the ovary (carpels) as many as the styles. Flesh of the pome with grit-cells. 1. Pyrus. Flesh of the pome without grit-cells. Cymes simple; trees. 2. Malus. Cymes ‘compound; shrubs. 8. Aronia. Cavities of the ovary becoming twice as many as the styles. 4, Amelanchier. Ripe carpels bony. 7 , 5. Crataegus. 1, PYRUS L. 1. Pyrus communis L. Pear. M. p. 515. Thickets and woods, escaped. from cultivation. Spring. os 2. MALUS Hill. Appts. . Leaves glabrous when mature. Leaves oblong, lanceolate or oval, narrowed aft the base. 1. M. angustifolia. Leaves ovate, cordate or rounded at the base. 2. M. coronaria, Leaves persistently pubescent or tomentose beneath. 3. M. Malus. 1, MaLus aneustirotia (Ait.) Michx. M. p. 516. In thickets. Spring. Cape May—Cold Spring, C. F. Manderson (Br.). 2. MaLUS coronaria (L.) Mill. Crab Apple. M.p.516. Thickets. Spring. Philadelphia— Wissahickon (Je.), West Philadelphia (Mac.). Bucks— Perkasie, Sellersville (Fr.). Delaware—Castle Rock (B. Sm.), Concord (W. Tr.), Painters’ Arboretum (Ke.). Chester—(P.). Lancaster — (P.). Dauphin—Harrisburg, Steelton (Wn.). , Mercer—Trenton (C.). Somerset—Peapack (C.). Hunterdon—Hope- well, Pittstown, Rosemont (C.). New Castle—Stanton, Pencader. Scarce. 3. Matus Matus (L.) Britton. Apple. M. p. 516. Escaped from cultiva- tion. Spring. 3. ARONIA Medic. CHOKEBERRY. Cyme and lower surfaces of the leaves wooly. 1. A. arbutifolia. Cymes and leaves glabrous or nearly so; fruit black or purplish. 2. A. nigra. 1. ARONIA ARBUTIFOLIA (L.) Medic. M. p. 517. Swamps and damp thick- ets. Spring. 180 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 2. ARONIA NicgRA (Willd.) Britton.. M. p. 517. Swamps, low woods; also dry soil. Spring. L355 4, AMELANCHIER Medic. JUNEBERRY, SHADBUSH, SERVICEBERRY. Leaves acute or acuminate at the apex; top of the. ovary glabrous or | - nearly so. : e > Leaves ovate, oval or ovate-lanceolaté,' glabrous when mature; base cor- date or rounded. Boe 1. A. Canadensis. Leaves oblong, oval, ovate or obovate, rarely subcordate at base, densely white-woolly beneath, at least when young. 2. A. Botryapium. Leaves rounded, obtuse or subacute at the apex; top.of ovary woolly. o.. 8. A, spicata. rece 1, AMELANCHIER CANADENSIS (L.) Medic. M. p. 517. Dry, open wood- lands. Spring. |". > Brean eg) By) PBL wel org Ty 2, AMELANCHIER Botryarium (L. f.) DC. M. p. 517. Low, moist grounds or swampy woods, Spring. ~°' 3. AMELANCHIER sPicaTa (Lam.) Dec. M. p- 517. Dry, rocky places. Spring. Bucks—Ridge Road near Tylersport. (Fr.), Naseville. (Ja.). North- ampton—Pot Rock in Delaware above Easton, Porter (B.C). it 5. CRATAEGUS 1 L. Hawruorn. ; CONSPECTUS OF THE NATURAL GROUPS. Se pay Ca Rio” ato aug g tg eke oa “ «2» A x t s 4 A. Indigenous species; veins of the leaves attaining the points of the lobes only. ’ ‘ : 1. Nutlets without ventral cavities. | Petioles short, glandless or with occasional minute glands; leaves obovate to oblong, oval or rarely..ovate, cuneate, at the base; , corymbs,many-flowered.; ba ages . Leaves coriaceous, dark green and shining above, mostly quite glabrous, usually serrate only above the middle, their veins thin except..on vigorous shoots, and sometimes within. the parenchyma; corymbs glabrous; fruit oblong to subglobose; nutlets: 1-3, generally obtuse and: rounded at'the ends, prom-' inently ridged at the back. M4 I, Grus-gatli. Leaves membranaceous to subcoriaceous, mostly acute or occa-, sionally rounded at the apex, their veins prominent; corymbs villose; fruit usually short-oblong; often conspicuously punc- tate; flesh dty and. mealy; nutlets 2-5, prominently. ridged .,,. . on the back. pe Plt beet de _.,, TL, Punetatae. . Petioles elongated, usually slender (short and stout in Uniflorae), glandular only toward the apex (in Intricatae ‘sparingly ‘ glandular throughout). igh ee op Leaves mostly broad at the base.: , ‘ un ae Corymbs many-flowered (few-flowered in some species of Pruinosae). : ‘ ~ ‘Fruit subglobose to short-oblong, rarely pyriform, red’ or green, often slightly 5-angled, generally: pruinose, especially during the summer; leaves blue-green, _ thin, and firm to subcoriaceous or rarely coriaceous. / ITI. Pruinosae. Fruit short-oblong to obovate, ovate or’ subglobose, ° 1 Prepared by Mr. B. H. Smith. Based mainly upon the studies of Prof. C. 8. Sargent in THE GENUS CRATAEGUS IN NEW CasTLE COUNTY, DELAWARE, Bo nical Gazette, xxxv,.99- 110, February,'1908, and CRATAEGUS IN EASTERN PENNSYLVANIA, roceedings of the Acad- emy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, lvii. hey | POMACEAE, 181 red or scarlet, mostly lustrous, usually 1-1.5 cm. long; stamens 10. or less,; anthers rose-color, purple _,,or red; leaves mostly, membranaceous, hirsute on the upper ‘surface, ‘while young. IV. Teniifoliae. Fruit subglobose, obovate or short- oblong, . searlet, 1.5- 2 em. long; flesh thick; nutlets thick, pointed at the ends; usually slightly ridged ; corymbs - torhen- tose ; , leaves. membranaceous, broad, cuneate to rounded or cordate at’ the base, more Of less ‘pubes- cent below; stamens 10 or less; anthers white or pink. : V. Molles. Fruit short- agers to subglobose, 1.5-2 em’ long, sear- ‘let, lustrous ;'’ flesh’ succulent" nutlets ‘3-5, grooved and occasionally ridged on the’ back; corymbs slightly villose ; ‘leaves: ‘large, membranaceous, ob- _ long, more “or ‘less deutely lobed; stamens 10 or “i ' "Jess; anthers rose-color. " ‘VI. Flabellatae. “Leaves cuneate at the: base (rarely ‘broad in Intricatae), sub- coriaceous or membranaceous. Corymbs' many- or few-flowered; glabrous or villose; fruit subglobose; 9-12 mm. in diameter, leaves dark green and Tustrous on their upper surface. VII. Coccineae. Corymbs usually few- flowered; fruit subglobose to short- ""''" oblong ‘or ‘ahovate, 1-1.5 "om. long, greenish-yellow, orange-color or''red; nutlets' 3-5, rounded at the ends, . generally’ conspicuously ridged on the back: ‘VIII. Intricatae. Flowers solitary or in 2- or 3-flowered, simple corymbs; ' ‘ealyx-lobes' large and foliaceous ; stamens 20; anthers oT pale: yellow; leaves obovate, nearly sessile ; small shrubs. TX. Uniflorae. 2. Nutlets with longitudinal onvities on their ventral faces; fruit pyri- ‘form to subglobose ot short oblong, ‘1-15 cm. in diameter, lus- ' trous, orange'or scarlet; nutléts 2'or 3,'‘usually obtuse at the ends, prominently ridged on ‘the back, X. Tomentosae. ‘ ‘Stamens 10, rarely 12-15.' Anthers rose- -color. — Primary veins within the Gucci leaves obovate cuneiform, ,, mostly rounded at the apex} stamens 10; fruit’ short-oblong, ' often covered with a glaucous bloom 8-12 mm. long; nutlets 2. "1.6. Crus-gailli. i Sp Primary veins without ‘the parendhyma, thin but’ conspicuous. Leaves obovate to oval, acute at the apex; stamens 15; fruit short- oblong, dull red covered with a glaucous bloom 1-1.2 em. long; nutlets 2." "''" 2. C. rivalis. Leaves oblong, cuneate: to ovate or rarely obovate, acute or “ parely rounded at the apex; stamens 10-13; fruit short- oblong to subglobose, dark” crimson, dustrous 1.2-1.5 em. ‘long; nutlets 3-5. | . C. Canbyi. Anthers pale yellow. Leaves obovate,’ acute, acuminate or rarely rounded at the apex, ' their ‘primary veins mostly within the parenchyma ; stamens 5- 10, rarely 12; fruit short-oblong, 1-1.2 cm. long, dark dull erim- ‘gon; nutlets | for 2.' * “4, G. Arduennae. Leaves obovate-cuneate, short-pointed or rarely rounded at the apex, their primary veins very slender, mostly’ without the parenchyma; stamens 8-10; fruit subglobose, dark crimson, rather lustrous 8-9 mm. in ameter ; nutlets 1 ‘or 2. 5. C. Bartramiana. Stamens 20; leaves obovate, acute; fruit oblong, bright crimson. Bie 6. C. Pennypackeri. I. CRUS- GALLI. “er bi 182 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. IL. Puncratax. Anthers rose-color or yellow; stamens 20; leaves obovate, often acutely lobed above the middle, especially on vigorous shoots, more or less villose below; fruit on short pedicels, flattened at the ends, marked by large pale dots, dull red or bright yellow. s 7. C. punctata. Anthers rose-color; stamens 10-20; leaves oblong-obovate to oval, glabrous at maturity; fruit on elongated, slender pedicels, occasionally slightly ob- ovate, dark brick-red marked by large pale dots. 8. C. pausiaca. III. PRUINOSAE. Stamens 20. -. # Anthers rose-color to pink or red. ei Corymbs glabrous; fruit subglobose. Corymbs. many-flowered., Leaves elliptical, fruit subglobose, green and pruinose when fully grown, becoming dark red and lustrous at maturity, 1.2-1.7 cm. in diameter; anthers large, light rose-color. ne .9. C. pruinosa, Leaves ovate, mostly rounded at the broad base; fruit hard and green, 1-1.2 em. in diameter; anthers red. i _ 10. C. austera, 'Corymbs few-flowered. ; ; Leaves ovate, to elliptic; fruit depressed-globose, fre- quently: swollen and mamillate at the middle, scarlet, often dark olive-green toward the apex, 1.2-1.4 em. in diameter; anthers light pink. 11. C. bona. Leaves ovate. ; Leaves: cuneate at the base; fruit short-oblong to ovate; conspicuously 5-angled and mamillate below the middle, bright plum-color, 1.3-1.4 em. long. 2. ot ., 12. C. arcana, Leaves rounded to subcordate at the base; fruit de- pressed-globose, not mamillate below the middle, 1.7-2 om. in diameter; anthers pale pink. 13. ¢. Philadelphica. Leaves ovate to deltoid, usually rounded or truncate at the base; fruit short-oblong to subglobose, bright searlet; anthers light rose-color. 14. C, felix. Corymbs villose; leaves slightly seabrate above. Leaves ovate, villose below towards the base of the midribs and on the petioles; fruit short-oblong to subglobose, olive- green, rarely with a rose-tinted cheek, 9-10 mm. in diameter; anthers light pink. ‘ 15. C. virella. Leaves broadly ovate, villose on the midribs while young; fruit subglobose, retuse at the base, bright green until late in the season, turning scarlet, 1.2-1.4 em. in diameter; an- thers light red. 16. C. Ruthiana. Leaves oblong to elliptic; villose on the upper surface and on the base of the midribs while young; fruit depressed- globose, broader than high, bright green and lustrous until late in the autumn, ultimately becoming bright cherry-red. 17. C. comata. Anthers pale yellow. | : ; 4 Fruit short-oblong to ovate, dull green, 8-9 mm. long; leaves ovate. : / ., 18. C. jejuna. Fruit globose to depressed-globose or round-ovate, deep dark red at maturity, 1-1.6 cm, in diameter. Leaves broadly ovate to deltoid-ovate; arborescent, 5-6 m. high, Calyx-tube long; fruit dry and mealy. . " 19. C. Uplandia. POMACEAE. 183 Calyx-tube short; fruit bitter and acid. 20. C. callosa. Leaves narrow-ovate to oblong-ovate; shrubby,‘ usually 2-5 m. high, Wiowers about 1.2.cm. in diameter, in compact, mostly 4-7- flowered corymbs; fruit often obovate. 21. C. Cestrica. Flowers often 2 em. in epee in lax 5-10-flowered corymbs. 22. C. augusta. Fruit obovate, dull green tinged with red, 1-2 cm. long; leaves oblong-ovate. 23. C. insueta. Stamens 10 or less. Anthers pink, dark rose-color or purple. Leaves smooth on the upper surface. Leaves ovate to rhombic, cuneate at the base; fruit depressed- globose, crimson, slightly pruinose, 1-1.2 em. in diameter; anthers pale pink. 24, C. dissona. Leaves rhombic or occasionally oblong-ovate, deeply laciniately lobed; fruit oblong to short-oblong, crimson, covered with a thick ‘glaucous bloom, about 1.2 em. long; anthers purple. 25. C. alacris. Leaves oval to ovate; cuneate at the base; fruit short-oblong to ovate, conspicuously mamillate at the "pase, dull red, cov- ered with a glaucous bloom, 1-1.2 cm. in diameter; anthers purple. 26. C. deducta. Leaves scabrate on the upper surface; anthers dark rose-color. Pedicels glabrous. Leaves ovate, as broad as long, truncate or rounded at the broad base; fruit ea bright red, 1-1.2 em, in diameter. 27.'C. deltoides. Leaves ovate, usually rounded or cuneate at the ‘base; fruit obovate, greenish-red, with a crimson cheek, 1.2-1.5 em. long. 28. C. Fretzii. Leaves ovate to rhombic, rounded or cuneate at the base; fruit obovate, orange-red, 8-10 mm. long. 29. C. scabriuscula. Pedicels villose; leaves ovate, usually rounded or truncate at the broad base, deeply lobed; fruit oblong to obovate, dull red, covered with a glaucous bloom, 1.4-1.5 em. long. 30. C. delicata. Anthers pale yellow; leaves rhombic to ovate, gradually narrowed be- low, or broadly cuneate at the entire base, membranaceous; fruit sub- globose, dark red. 31. C. Delawarensis. IV. TENUIFOLIAE. Fruit longer than wide. Fruit oblong; anthers dark pink or purple. Petioles 1.5-2 em. long. Leaf-lobes short, mostly pointing forward. 32. C. tenella. Leaf-lobes long, spreading, often recurved. 33. OC. rufipes. Petioles 2-3 cm. long. ‘Pedicels elongated, slender; corymbs broad and open, leaves broad-ovate to nearly orbicular, yellow-green. 34. C. lata. Pedicels short; corymbs compact; leaves ovate to ovate-oblong, blue-green. Corymbs 4-6-flowered; mature leaves scabrate. 35. C. Collinsiana. Corymbs 8-12-flowered; mature leaves smooth. 86. C. pumila, 184 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Fruit obovate; ovate-oblong to subglobose. . Leaves . 5-9-lobed. » Petioles slender, 2.5-3 .cm. long; pedicels slender, elongated. Comes open, 7-12-flowered. Stamens 10; anthers rose- ee ‘mature leaves sca- brate. . ye C. firma. Stamens 5-8; anthers rose pink “nite glaucous; ma- ture leaves glabrous; ~ °38. C. Gruberi. Corymbs compact, 5- a nomena oe 5-10; fruit scar- let. ty Anthers adage rose- scélor or nore pedicals elongated ; leaves yellow-green. 39. C. ampla.. Anthers light purple; - ‘ pedicels - short; - leaves blue- green. 40. C. populnea. Petioles stout, 2-3 em. long; pedicels stout; ie compact, . §-12-flowered. . Stamens 6- na anthers purple; frit ellos -red; leaves thin. | C.. condensa. . Stamens: 10, anthers Tose- color; fru cherry-red; leaves thick.. : : fain Moyeriana. Leaves 9-11-lobed. Petioles 2-3 cm. long; anthers light. pink or rose-color; ripe ‘fruit with a glaucous pisors: Stamens 5-7;. fruit dark red... © 43, C. saturata. ‘Stamens 8- 10; fruit scarlet. 44. C. mintata. Petioles 3-4 em. ‘long; anthers dark pink. Corymbs narrow, cor nnees fruit 9-12 mm. long; ; petioles » very slender.’ 45. C. longipetiolata. 1 » Corymbs broad; | fruit bright whenry-zed, 1.3-1.5 em. long; ' petioles stout. 46. C. insolita. ' Fruit globose: to depressed-globose ;, waters dark pink or purple. “enti searlet or bright crimson; leaves 9-11-lobed; corymbs 5-10- uv.” flowered, compact. nao tet Leaves ovate- EHO 4.5-6 em. Jong; fruit 1,2-1.5 em. in diam- ceter.. 1 AT, C. stolonifera. eens Byatt 3.5- 4 em. long ‘trait 8- 10 mm. in diameter, : ‘ i ol 48, @. modica. Fruit: Sita one bloom '1.2-1.5 em. in diameter. Leaves :7-9-lobed; petioles and pedicels. stout; corymbs broad . andiiépen, 7-12-flowered. 49. C. vittata. Leaf-lobes numerous; petioles and pedicels slender s':corymbs compact, :5-9-flowered. : 50. C. sequasx.: V. MOLLEs. Stamens 10; anthers white. 2 51. C. Tatnalliana. Stamens 5-6; anthers p:1k. — 52. C. digna.”’ ba Guy BaP g VL FLABELLATAE, ’ Flowers cup-shaped, less than 2 em. in diameter, on puberulous or glabrous pedicels; anthers rose-purple; fruit narrow-oblong. 53. C..Holmesiana. Flowers not cup-shaped, 2 em. or more in diameter, on villose pedicels; an- thers light rose-colcr or pink; fruit subglobose to short-oblong, 54.. C. .arcuata. VIL. CoccINnEag. Corymbs sianyetinetedls ‘stamens 10 or-less; anthers pale yellow; nutlets 2 or 3, obtuse at the ends, conspicuously rounded on the back, Leaves subcoriaceous ; fruit 1.2-1.5 em, in diameter. 55. C. coccinea. oe thin; fruit: usually less than 1 em. in diameter. fd. SAR Ce. 56. C. Dodget. : POMACEAE. , ‘185 orymbs few-flowered; stamens 20, bright rose-color; nutlets 5, acute at the. ends, obscurely grooved on the back. 57. C. Evansiana., .. - VITI. INTRICATAE. Anthers pale yellow. i % i i Stamens 10 or less. ag Fruit subglobose to short- -oblong. ‘ Corymbs and pedicels villose; leaves seabrate. Leaves ovate-oblong ; fruit yellow with a red cheek, hairy at the ends. . 58. C. modesta. Leaves ovate to rhombic or oval; fruit greenish-orange,. not hairy. . 59. C. abjecta. Corymbs and pedicels often glandular; leaves ovate to rhom- bic, concave-cuneate to full and rounded at the glandular base; corymbs compact, 3-5-flowered; fruit russet or copper-: colored, or dull red at maturity. 60. C. cuprea. Corymbs and pedicels glabrous. | Leaves ovate to oval. Leaves scabrate; fruit dark crimson blotched with: green. 61. C. Bartoniana. Leaves smooth. Fruit green, becoming dark clear red when fully ripe. 62. C. nemoralis. Leaves oblong-ovate. Fruit dark orange or reddish-orange; leaves yellow- green. 63. C. saxatilis. Fruit red or orange-red; leaves blue-green. 64. C. foetida. Fruit oblong-ovate, green, more or less blotched with red; leaves ‘oblong to oval, smooth, yellow-green. 65. C. apposita. Stamens 10-18; corymbs and pedicels glabrous, leaves oval to ovate; fruit globose to depressed-globose, dark red. 66. C. reses. Anthers pale pink or rose-color. Stamens 10 or less (rarely 13 in No. 10). Fruit subglobose to short-oblong. Leaves yellow-green. Leaves ovate to oval. Leaves gradually narrowed into a long cuneate base; stamens 8-13, usually 10; fruit green-bronze to red- bronze color, 1.2-1.4 em. in diameter. - 67. C. inducta. Leaves full and rounded at the broad base; stamens 6-8; fruit green or bronze-yellow, about 1 cm. in diameter. 68. C. definita. Leaves oval to obovate or rhombic; stamens 8-10; fruit orange or orange-red. 69. C. Painteriana. Leaves blue-green, oval; fruit orange-red or red-bronze color. 70. C. fulwa. Fruit obovate. Fruit dark crimson; leaves oval, usually lobed only on vigor- ous shoots ; anthers cream-color faintly tinged with pink. | 71. Co pygmaea. Fruit reddish-orange color; leaves oval to oblong-ovate, more or less lobed; anthers light pur le. 72. C. infera. Anthers red; stamens 10; fruit oblong, dark red; leaves rhombic to obovate, yellow-green. 73. C. Schweinitsiana. Flowers unknown; fruit short-oblong to Reprenaedeloheer) bright canary- yellow; leaves oblong- -ovate. . C. Darlingtoniana. IX. UNIFLORAE. Leaves crenately serrate; fruit yellow. 75, C. uniflora. Leaves with straight teeth; fruit bronze-green. 76. C. Smithir. 186. FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. X. TOMENTOSAE. Leaves thin, with midribs and veins only slightly impressed on their upper surface; fruit obovate to oblong, orange or orange-red; stamens 20. Anthers rose-color. 77. C. tomentosa. Anthers yellow. | 78. C. structilis. Leaves subcoriaceous to coriaceous, with midribs and veins deeply impressed on their upper surface, fruit mubgtoboaa to short- oval, usually scarlet. Stamens 20. Anthers rose-color or pink. Leaves villose below at maturity. Pedicels villose; fruit long-stalked, in drooping clusters, often 15 mm. in diameter; leaves elliptical, acute at the : ends; anthers light: or dark rose-color. Wat 79. C. succulenta. Pedicels glabrous; fruit in erect pedicels, in few-fruited ‘ clusters, about 10 mm. in diameter; leaves rhombic to 7 obovate; anthers pale pink. =< 80. C. radiosa. Leaves nearly glabrous below at maturity, ovate to oval or a obovate; fruit in erect glabrous pedicels, in few-fruited clusters, 7-8 mm. in diameter; anthers dark rose-color. 81. C. micrantha. Anthers yellow; leaves rhombic to oval; fruit on drooping, slightly villose pedicels in many-fruited clusters. 82. C. opica. Stamens 10; anthers pale yellow; leaves ovate to rhombic; fruit on erect or spreading glabrous pedicels in few-fruited clusters. 83. C. Chadsfordiana. B. Naturalized species; veins of the leaves attaining the points of the lobes, and also extending to the sinuses; stamens 20, anthers rose- color. Fruit depressed-globose, 6 mm. in diameter, bright crimson; leaves broadly ovate to triangular, 3-7-lobed, rounded or cordate at the entire base. 84. C. cordata. Fruit ovoid, 8-9 mm. long, purple when mature; leaves obovate, broadly cuneate at the base, laciniately 3-7-lobed, 85. C. Oxyacantha. 1, CkaTaEGuS CRruSs-GALLI L. Cock-spur Thorn, New Castle Thorn. M, p. 519. Common in old hedge-rows and thickets near the Delaware River. Spring. da, CRATAEGUS CRUS-GALLI PYRACANTHIFOLIA Ait. With narrower elliptical to obovate leaves and smaller bright red fruit. Not rare in eastern Pennsylvania and northern Delaware (Sargent). 1b. CraTaEcus CRUS- GALLI OBLONGATA Sarg. Bot. Gaz., xxxv, 99, Feb., 1903. Fruit oblong, often 2.5 em. long; nutlets 1-2, acute at the enis, Bucks—Durham (Fr.). Berks—North Heidelberg (Gruber). New Castle— Meadow near Edgemoor (Canby). le. CRATAEGUS CRUS-GALLI CAPILLATA Sarg. Bot. Gaz., xxxv, 100, Feb., 1903. Leaves oblong-ovate, rounded or acute at fie apex, thin but _ firm in texture; corymbs slightly villose; fruit subglobose; nutlets, 1, rarely -2., Philadelphia—In a meadow at the head of Wissahickon Drive (Canby). New Castle—In woods one mile east of Christiana (Canby). 2. CRATAEGUS RIVALIS Sarg. Proe. A. N. 8. Philada., lvii. Bucks—Meadows of Perkiomen Creek, Sellersville (I'r.). POMACE AE. 187 8. CraTarcus Cansyi Sarg. Bot. Gaz., xxxi, 3 (1901). ' Bucks —Point Pleasint, Tohikon Creek, Quakertown (Fr.). Delaware—- Tinicum (B. Sm.). 4. Cratazcus ARDUENNAE Sarg: Bot. Gaz., xxxv, 378 eg Berks—Near Kutztown (Gruber). 5. CRATAEGUS BARTRAMIANA Sarg. Proce. A. N. 8S. Philada., vii. Philadelphia— Hedge row along Bartram’s Lane. (Mac.). 6, Cratazcus PeNNypPackeri Sarg. Bot. Gaz., xxxv, 100, Feb., 1903. New Castle—Near Stanton Station, J. T. Pennypacker (Canby). 7. CRATAEGUS PUNCTATA Jaeq. M. p. 520. New Castle—Banks of Brandywine below. Smith’s Bridge, White Clay Creek below Stanton. (Canby). 7a, CRATAEGUS PUNCTATA CANESCENS Britton. M. p. 520: Densely hoary- tomentose on the under surface of the leaves, petioles and corymbs. Bucks—Durham (Fr.). 8. CraTAEGUS PAUSIACA Ashe. Ann. Carnegie Mus., I, 390. Bucks — Durham (Fr.). Delaware — Newtown, near Castle Rock; Lownes’ Run, Springfield; meadows near Chad’s Ford (B. Sm.). 9. CRATAEGUS PRUINOSA K. Koch. M. p. 521. Philadelphia — Powers’ Lane, Kingsessing (B. Sm. 3 Berks — Near West Leesport, Forge Hill, N. Heidelberg Twp. (Gruber). : 10. CRATAEGUS AUSTERA Sarg. Proc. A. N.S. Philada., lvii. Bucks—Near Sellersville, Hilltown, Deep Run, Perkasie (Fr.), College Hill, Easton, Porter (B. Sm.). 11. CraTaEcus BONA Sarg. Proc. A. N. 8. Philada., lvii. Berks— Bluffs along Tulpehocken Creek, N. Heidelberg Twp, (Gruber). 12, CRATAEGUS ARCANA Beadle. Biltmore Bot. Studies, I, 122 (1902). Bucks—Near Sellersville (Fr.). Delaware—Preston Run barrens, New- town; near Chad’s Ford (B. Sm.). Berks—Bluffs of Tulpehocken- Creek (Gruber). New Castle— Woods opposite Farnhurst (Canby). 13. CRATAEGUS PHILADELPHICA Sarg. Proc. A. N. 8. Philada., lvii. Philadelphia—Island Road, Kingsessing (B. §m.). 14, CRATAEGUS FELIX Sarg. Proce. A. N. 8S. Philada., Ivii. Berks—Dry, open, stony fields east of Reading (Gruber). 15, CRATAEGUS VIRELLA Ashe. Ann. Carnegie Mus.,.I,. pt. 3, 396 (1902). Berks—Common near Kutztown (Gruber). 16. CraTaEcus Rutuiana Sarg. Proe.'A. N.S. Philada., lvii. Bucks—Limestone bluffs, Durham (Fr.). 17. CRaTAEGuS comata Sarg. Proce. A. N. S. Philada., lvii. Philadelphia— Banks of the Schuylkill below Gray’s Ferry (B. Sm.). 18. CRATAEGUS JEJUNA Sarg. Proc. A. N. S. Philada., lvii. 1 Buoks—Dry hillsides near Sellersville (Fr.). 19. Cratarcus UpLanpia Sarg, Proc. A. N. S. Philada., lvii. Delaware—Upper Darby near the State Road, Crum Creek, Newtown, Castle Rock (B. Sm.). 188 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 20. CRATAEGUS CALLOSA Sarg. Proc. A, N. S. Philada., Ivii. Berks—Border of woods on high, rocky ground N. Heidelberg Twp. (Gruber). 21. CRatarcus Cestrica Sarg. Proc. A. N. 8. Philada., vii. Delaware—Preston Run barrens, Newtown (B. Sm.). 22. CRaTaEGUS auGusTA Sarg. Proce. A. N. 8. Philada., lvii. Berks—Borders of woods and open thickets near Kutztown (Gruber). 23. CRATAEGUS INSUETA Sarg. Proc. A. N. 8. Philada., lvii. Philadelphia— West Fairmount Park near lake (Mace.). 24, CRATAEGUS DIssona Sarg. Rhodora, v, 60 (1903). Bucks—Race-bank, Benjamin. near Sellersville (Fr.). 25. CraTanrGus aLacris Sarg. Proc. A. N.S. Philada., lvii. Bucks—Deep Run, near Sellersville (Fr.). 26. CRaTaEGuS DEpucTA Sarg. Proc. A. N. 8. Philada., lvii. Bucks—Near Sellersville (Fr.). 27, CRATAEGUS DELTOIDES Ashe. Jour. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc., xix, pt. 2 (1901). Bucks—Near Ridge Road, near Brucker’s, Rock Hill, rare (Fr.). 28. CRaTagGus Fretzi Sarg. Proc. A. N. 8S. Philada., Ivii. Bucks—In low, rich soil, Durham (Fr.). 29. CRATAEGUS scaBRIUSCULA Sarg. Proc. A. N. S. Philada., vii. Bucks—Durham (Fr.). 30. CRATAEGUS DELICATA Sarg. Proc. A. N. 8, Philada., lvii. Bucks—Hillsides near Sellersville (Fr.). 31. CRATAEGUS DELAWARENSIS Sarg. Bot. Gaz., xxxv, 102 (Feb., 1903). New ‘Castle — Wood borders between Newport’ ‘and New Castle, rare (Canby). 32, CRATAEGUS TENELLA Ashe. Ann. Carnegie Mus., I, pt. 3, 388 (1902). "Bucks — Near Sellersville (Fr.). Delaware — Hill below Castle Rock Park, Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.). Berks—Banks of Sacony Creek near Kutztown (Gruber). New Castle— (Canby). ‘ 33. CRATAEGUS RUFIPES Ashe. Jour. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc., 5 (1904). Bucks—Near Sellersville (Fr.). Berks—Near Kutztown, North Hei- delberg (Gruber). 34, CraTagcus Lata Sarg. Proc. A. N. 8. Philada., lvii. Bucks— Hillside near Sellersville (Fr.). 35. CRATAEGUS COLLINSIANa Sarg. Proc. A. N. 8. Philada., lvii. Bucks—Meadow at hilltop near Sellersville (Fr.). 36. CRATAEGUS PUMILA Sarg. Proc. A. N.S. Philada., Ivii. Bucks—Near Sellersville (Fr.). 37, CRATAEGUS FIRMA Sarg. Proc, A. N. 8S. Philada., lvii. Bucks—Meadow near Pleasant Spring Bridge, hilltop near Sellersville (Fr.). ; ’ 38. CraTaEcus GRruBERI Ashe. Ann, Carnegie Mus., I, pt. 3, 388. Berks— Fields, fence-rows and borders of woods, Kutztown, West Lock- port (Gruber). POMACEAE. 189 89. CRaTaEGUS AMPLA Sarg. Proc. A. N. 8. Philada., lvii. Berks—Near Sacony Creek, Kutztown (Gruber). d 40. CRATAEGUS POPULNEA Ashe. Ann, Carnegie Mus., I, pt. 3, 395 (1902): Berks—Banks of Sacony'Creek, near Kutztown (Gruber). 41. CRATAEGUS CONDENSA Sarg. Proc. A. N. 8, Philada., lvii. Bucks— Meadows at Pleasant Spenp Bridge, Hilttgp near Sellersville ‘(Fr.). 42, CRaTAEGUS MoveERIANa Sarg. air A. N.S. Philada., an Bucks—Near Sellersville (Fr.). 43, CRATAEGUS SATURATA Sarg. Proc, A. N. 8. Philada., lvii. Bucks—Near Pleasant Spring Bridge, hilltop near Sellersville (Fr.). 44, CRATAEGUS MINIATA Ashe. Jour. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc., 5 aaa Berks—Banks of streams near Kutztown (Gruber), 45, CRATANGUS LONGIPETIOLATA Sarg. Proc. A. N. 8. Philada., lvii. Bucks—Border of woods near Sellersville (Fr.). 46. CRaTarcuUS INSoLITa Sarg. ’ Proc. A. N. S.. Philada., lvii. Delaware—Collen Brook, U. Darby: and Lownes’ Run, Springfield (B. Sm.). a a 47, CRATAEGUS STOLONIFERA Sarg. Bot. Gaz., xxxv, 109 (Feb., 1903). Bucks—Pleasant Spring Bridge, hilltop near Sellersville, South Per- kasie (Fr.)... Delaware — Preston Run barrens, Newtown and Lownes! Run, Springfield (B. Sm.). New Castle—Between Newport “ne tanfons Wilmington at Clayton Street, and Delaware Avenue (Canby). ' 48. CRATAEGUS MopIcaA Sarg. Proc. A. N. S. Philada., lvii. Bucks— Pleasant Spring Bridge and hilltop near Sellersvilla (Fr. 5 49, CRATAEGUS viTTaTa Ashe. Jour. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc., 4 (1904). Berks — Borders of oak woods; near Robesonia, North Heidelberg (Gruber). 50. CRATAEGUS SEQUAX Ashe. Jour. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc., 4 (1904). Berks—Low, moist soil on Secony Creek near Kutztown (Gruber). 51. CraTarcus TaTNALLIANA Sarg. Bot. Gaz. xxxv, 106 (Feb., 1903). . Philadelphia— Bartram ’s Garden (Mac.). Delaware—Preston Run bar- tens, Newtown (B. Sm.). Chester — Brandywine below Sager’s Mill (Canby). Berks— (Gruber). : New Castle—Hedge rows and wood borders near Newport (Canby). ‘ 52. CRATAEGUS DIGNA Sarg. Proc. A. N. S. Philada., lvii. - Berks—Borders of meadows near Kutztown (Gruber), 53. CRATAEGUS HOLMESIANA Ashe. ‘Jour. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc., xvi, pt. 2, 78 (1900). Bs “ Bucks—Banks of Perkiomen Creek, Sellersville (Fr.). | Berks—Near Kutztown (Gruber). 54, Cravarcus arcuaTa Ashe. Ann. Carnegie Mus., i, pt. 3, 387 (1902). Philadelphia—Island Road, Kingessing (B. Sm.). Bucks—Sellersville (Fr.). Delaware—Lownes’ Run, Springfield (B. Sm.). Berks -- Borders of streams and meadows (Gruber). 190 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. New Castle—Near Wilmington; near Newport and fields south of Eden Park (Canby). : 55. CRatanGus coccinEa L. M..p. 521, . Berks—Near Kutztown, (Gruber). _Northampton—Eagton (Porter). 56. CraTarcus DopGE! Ashe, Jour. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 26 (March, 1903 ; oi Bucks ee at California (Fr). Berks—Near Kutztown ,.(Gru- ber). , 57. CRATAEGUS EVANSIANA Gite Pics A. N. 8. Phila., iyi - Philadelphia— West Fairmount Park near lake CMe). 58. CRATAEGUS. MODESTs Sarg. oe ITI, Nos. 26, 28 (1901). _Berks—Near Kutztown (Gruber). uw 59. CraTaEGuS aBJEcTA Sarg. Proc. A. Ne Ss. Philada,, Iii. Bucks— Pleasant Spring Bridge, hilltop near Sellersville, near Perkasie (Fr.). 60. CRATAEGUS CUPREA Sarg. - Bot. Gaz., xxxv, 105 (Feb., 1903). New ,Castle—Vacant lots, Wilmington (Canby). 61. CraTaEGuS BarToniana Sarg. Proc. A. N. 8. Philada., lvii. Philadelphia—On the Schuylkill. below Gray’s Ferry, West, Fairmount - Park..between Horticultural Hall.and the. river (B. Sm.).. / 62. (CRATAEGUS NEMORALIS Sarg. Bot. Gaz., xxxv, 104 (Feb., 1903). Bucks—Near Sellersville, Rock Hill, Durham (Fr.). . New Castle—Rockford Park, Wilmington (Canby): 63. CRATAEGUS SAXATILIS Sarg. Proe. A. N.S: Philada., lvii. Delaware—Preston Run ‘barrens, Newtown. (B. Sm.). 64. CRATAEGUS FOETIDA Ashe. Ann. Carnegie Mus., i, pt. 3, 389 ee Berks—Near Kutztown (Gruber).. 65. CRATAEGUS aPPosiTa Sarg. Bot. Gaz., xxxv, 103 (Feb., 1903). Bucks — Rock Hill near Sellersville (Fr.). Delaware — ‘Near Collen Brook, U. Darby (B. em Berks—West Leesport and near Kutztown (Gruber). New Castle — Wilmington, Bancroft’s Dam and Rockford back, and Brandywine above Thompson’s Bridge (Canby). 66. CRATAEGUS RESES Ashe. Jour. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc., 9 (1904). Berks—Open oak woods, N. Heidelberg (Gruber). 67. CRATAEGUS INDUCTA Ashe. Jour. Elisha Mitchell Sei. Soe., xix, ‘pt. 1, 24 (1903). Delaware—Chad’s Ford on Dan’s Hill (B. Sm.). este Onbstoili, West Leesport, North Heidelberg (Gruber). 68. CRATAEGUS DEFINITA Sarg. Proc. A. N. 8. Philada,, Avil Delaware—Preston Run barrens, Newtown, rare (B. Sm.). 69. CRaTAEGUS PaINTERIANA Sarg. Proc. A. N. 8. Philada., lvii. Delaware—Preston Run barrens, one Lownes’ Bien, Springfield (B, 8m,). 7 70. CRATAEGUS FULVA Sarg. Proc. A. N. 8. Philada., Wii. Berks—Borders of woods above Forge Hill, North Heidelberg (Gruber). DRUPACEAE. 191 71. CRATAEGUS PYGMABA Sarg. Proc. A. N.'S. Philada., vii. ‘“ Bucks—Roadsides near Sellersville (Fr.). 72. CRATAEGUS INFERA Sarg. Proc. A. ‘N. 8, Philada., vii. Bucks—Roadsides near Sellersville (Fr.). 73. CRararcus ScHwuiniTziana Sarg. Proc. A. N. 8. Philada., lvii. Bucks—Roadsides near Sellersville (Fr.). 74, ORaTanGuS DaRLINGTONIANA Sarg. Proc. A. N. 8. Philada., lvii. Chester —Serpentine Ridge north of West Chester (3, 8m.) 75. CRATAEGUS UNIFLORA Muench. M. p. 522. Bucks—Near Sellersville (Fr.). Delaware—Lownes’ Run, Springfield (B. Sm.). Berks—Near Kutztown (Gruber). Vs New Jersey—Frequent. 76. CRatarcus Smirun Sarg. Trees and shrubs. Pt. ii, 67, t. 34 (1903). Bucks—Near Sellersville (Fr.). Delaware— Open hillsides along Low- nes’ Run, Springfield, Dr. George Smith; near Media; Newtown and Marple line (B. Sm.). Ss 77. CRATAEGUS TOMENTOSA L. M. p. 522. Bucks — Near Sellersville, Durham (Fr.). Berks — Near Kutztown (Gruber). Northampton—Chestnut Hill, Easton (Porter). 78, CRATAEGUS STRUCTILIS Ashe. Jour. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc., xix, 12 (1903). oA Bucks—Near Sellersville (Fr.). Berks—Banks of Secony Creek near Kutztown (Gruber). iT : 79. CRaTAEGUS sUCCULENTA Link. Man. ‘Trees, 497. Bucks—Near Sellersville (Fr.). Delaware—Along Crum Creek below Castle Rock (B. Sm.). Berks—Near Kutztown (Gruber). 80. CRATAEGUS RADIOSA Sarg. Proc. A. N. 8. Philada., lvii. Delaware—Darby Creek near the mouth of Collen Brook, U. Darby (B. Sm.). 81. CRATAEGUS MICRANTHA Sarg. Proc. A. N. 8. ‘Philada., Wii. Bucks—Near Sellersville (Fr.).' Berks—Rocky ridlge near Kutztown (Gruber). 82. CRaTAEGUS oPIcA Ashe. Jour. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc., xix, 10 (1903). Bucks—Durham, near Sellersville (Fr.). _Berks—Secony Creek near Kutztown (Gruber). i 83. CRaTAEGUS CHADSFORDIANA Sarg. Proc. A. N. S. Philada., lvii. Delaware— Wooded slopes below Chad’s Ford (B. Sm.). 84, CRATAEGUS corDATA Ait. Washington Thorn. M. p. 520. Introduced from the South for hedging and naturalized. 85. CRaTAEGUS OxyacantTHa L. English Hawthorn. M. p. 520. Escaped from cultivation. Family 18. DRUPACEAE DC. Plum Family. Drupe glabrous. 1. Prunus. Drupe velvety. 2. Amygdalus. 1, PRUNUS L. Flowers in lateral scaly umbels or fascicles, expanding with or before the leaves. 192 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Inflorescence umbellate, the clusters sessile or nearly so. Leaves convolute in vernation, fruit mostly large; pit more or legs flattened. Umbels several-flowered. Leaves abruptly acuminate,. drupe red or, yellow. 1. ‘P. Americana. Leaves acute, gradually acuminate or obtusish, drape red or purple. Leaves glabrous when mature. 2. P. angustifolia. Leaves pubescent, at least on the lower surface, when - mature. i 3. P. maritima. Umbels only 1-2-flowered. ‘ _ 4,..P. spinosa. Leaves conduplicate ‘in vernation ; fruit mostly: small; pit mostly ' +" iglobose. Flowers 6-12 mm. broad; low shrubs. Leaves oblanceolate or spatulate... 5. P. pumila. ae oval, oblong, or slightly obovate. : 6. P. cuneata. Flowers 15-30 mm. broad;. trees. Leaves glabrous; pedicels short ; a sour, ve i Ee bee. a Leaves pubescent beneath, at least Be “the veins ; pedicels long; fruit sweet. 8a Ps Avium. Inflorescence more or less corymbose; leaves shining. a tened eae |. 0% 9. P. Pennsylvanica. Flowers corymbose, terminating twigs of the season. 10. P. ESE Flowers racemed, terminating branches of the season. Fruit red to purple, astringent ; lenves obovate or oval. ; 11. P. Virginiana. * Bruit ‘purple or purplish-black, sweet or bitter. 12. B. _serotina. | 1. Prunus AMERICANA Marsh. _ Wild, Yellow. or, Red. Plum _M. p. 524, Borders of. woodlands. _ Spring. 2. PRUNUS ANGUSTIFOLIA Michx. Chickasaw Plum. M. a . 524, Dry soil; escaped from cultivation. Early summer. ; Delaware—Between Morton Station and Darby Creek Ferry, Ridley Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.). Salem—Near Penn Grove (C.). New Castle—Summit Bridge, Collins, Commons. 3. Prunus MARITIMA Wang. Beach Plum. M. p. 524. Sea-beaches and _ 44 vicinity. Spring. s BE? a 4 Prunus spinosa L. - Sloe, Black Thorn.’ M. p. 525. Roadsides and waste places. Spring. me a Pe Philadelphia—Bartram’s Garden (Je.). Bucks—.Near Perkasie (Fr.): Delaware—Burn Brae, near Clifton, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.), Lansdowne 1, (Pe.).. « Mercer—Trenton (0.). Hunterdon—Rosemont (C.). 5. PRUNUS PuMILA L. Dwarf. Cherry, Sand Cherry. M. p. 525. "Aiea and sandy banks. Spring. Bucks — Point Pleasant (Fr.). Lancaster _ Pleasant Grove (Ca.). Northampton—Getter ’s Island near Easton, Porter (B. 0). Hunterdon—Booles’ Island (Br.). 6. Prunus cungaTa Raf. M. p. 525. In-wet soil or among rocks. Spring. Chester—(P.). Lancaster—New Texas (P.). Northampton—(P.). giles BY CAESALPINACEAE, , 193 7. Prunus Crrasus L, Sour Cherry, M. p. 525. Woods and thickets, escaped from cultivation. j a 8 Prunus Avium L. Sweet Cherry. _M. p. 525. ‘Woods and thickets, escaped from cultivation. Spring. 9. Prunus PENNSYLvANIOA L. f. Wild Red Cherry.,, M. p. 526. Rocky. woods. Spring. omy Northampton— Wind Gap (He.). 10. Prunus Mauates L. Mahaleb. ‘M. p. 526. Waste places and in cul- tivation. Spring. ae Philadelphia—Rartram/s Garden (Mac.). Lancaster—(P.)... North- ampton—(P.). La et edly New Castle — Barley Mill; Tatnall; S. Park, Hancock street, E. K. . Thompson. Escaped by seed, Jackson street. ‘11, Prunus Viremsiana L. Choke Cherry. M. p. 526. River banks and rocks. Spring. 12. PRUNUS SEROTINA Ehrh. Wéld Black Cherry. M. p. 526. Woods and open places. Spring. 2. AMYGDALUS L. 1. Amyapatus Persica L. Peach. M. p. 526. Spontaneous. all over the region. Family 15. CAESALPINACEAE Kl. & Garcke. Senna Family. Trees or shrubs; leaves simple ; corolla irregular, apparently papilionaceous, but the lateral petals ericlosing the upper 1. Cereis. Herbs; flowers perfect; leaves pinnate or bipinnate ; corolla nearly regular. 2. Cassia. Trees; leaves pinnate or bipinnate; flowers diecious or polygamous. Receptacle short; stamens 3-5; pod flat. 8. Gleditsia. Receptacle elongated ; stamens 10; pod oblong, woody. 4. Gymnocladus. ; 1, CERCIS L. S ser.. ieee 1, CzRors CANADENSIS L. Redbud, Judas-tree. M. p. 529. Rich soil. Early spring. | , 7 2. CASSIA L. Leaflets linear to oblong, numerous, 6-20 mm. long; plants 1.5-6.5 dm. high. Flowers 4-8 mm. broad, short-pedicelléd, anthers 5. 1. C. nictitans. Flowers 2.5-4 em. broad, slender-pedicelled, anthers 10. 2. C. Chamaecrista. Leaflets ovate, oblong or obovate, 2-5 em. long; plants 3. 2 dm, high. Leaflets 6 or 4, broadly obovate. . CG. Tora. Leaflets 8-18, oblong or ovate-lanceqjate. * Perennial; leaflets oblong, obtuse. 4. C. Marylandica. ; Annual ;: leaflets ovate- -lanceolate, acute or acuminate. 5. C. occidentalis. 1, Cassia NicTITANS L, Wld Sensitive Plant. M. p. 529. Sandy fields. * Summer. ~ mt 2. Cassta CuaMarcrisTa L.. Partridge Pea. M. p. 529. Sandy fields. Summer. 194 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 8. Cassia Tora L. M. p. 529. ‘Introduced. Summer. Delaware—Banks of Darby Creek, Burmont (Mac.). 4. Cassia Marybanpica L. Wild Senna. M. p. 530. AMluvial and sandy soil, Summer. 5. Cassia OcciweNTALIs L. M. p. 530. Introduced. Summer. Delaware—Banks of Darby Creek, Burmont (Mac.). 3. GLEDITSIA L. 1. GLEDITSIA TRIACANTHOS L. Honey Locust. M. p. 531. In cultivation and eseaped. Early summer. * 4, GYMNOCLADUS Lam. 1, GymNocLapDus pioIca (L.) Koeh. Kentucky Coffee-trge. M. p. 581. In. cultivation. Spring. ; Family 17. PAPILIONACEAE L. Pea Family. The 10 stamens distinct. Leaves pinnate. Tribe 1. Sophoreae. Leaves digitate or simple. ; Tribe 2. Podalyrieae.. The stamens monadelphous or diadelphous, Herbs, ‘shrubs, woody vines or trees, the leaves not tendril-bearing, Pod not a loment, 2-valved and indehiscent. Foliage not glandular- -dotted. Stamens monadelphous ; anthers of 2 kinds. Tribe 8. Genisteae. Stamens diadelphous, anthers. all alike. Leaves 3-foliolate, rarely 1-foliolate. Leaflets denticulate. Tribe 4. Trifolieae. Leaflets entire. Tribe 5. Loteae. Leaves pinnately several-many-foliolate, rarely 1-foli- olate. Tribe 7. Galegeae. Foliage glandular-dotted ; pod indehiscent; 1-2-seeded herbs. - Tribe 6. Psoraleae. Pod a loment; herbs. Tribe 8. Hedysareae. Herbaceous’ vines, or herbs; leaves evenly pinnate with tendrils. Tribe 9. Vicieae. Vines, ours herbaceous, or erect herbs ; ‘leaves odd-pinnate, mostly 3-folio- late, without. tendrils. Tribe 10. Phaseoleae. Tribe 1. SOPHOREAE. 1. Cladrastis. ' Tribe 2, PODALYRIEAE. 2. Baptisia, Tribe 3. GENISTEAL. Herbs, with, simple or 5-11-foliolate leaves. Leaves simple, pod inflated. 3. Crotalaria. Leaves 5-11-foliolate; pod flatfened. 4. Lupinus. Shrubs, with 1-3- foliolate leaves. 5. Cytisus. _ Tribe 4. TRIFOLIEAE. Flowers ‘spiked or capitate; pods curved or coiled. 6. Medicago. Flowers in long racemes; pods coriaceous. 7. Melilotus. Flowers capitate or umbelled; pods straight, membranous. 8. Trifoliwm. Tribe 5. LOTEAE, 9. Lotus. PAPILIONACEAE. ° 195 Tribe 6. PSORALEAE. 10. Amorpha. Tribe 7. GALEGEAE. Herbs; leaves odd-pinnate. , ‘ 11. Cracca. High-climbing, woody vines. , 12. Bradleya. Trees or shrubs. ‘ 13. Robinia. Herbs; leaves evenly pinnate. | i 14, Sesban. Tribe 8. HEDYSAREAE. pee Leaves odd-pinnate. ‘ ‘Flowers purplish, umbellate. . | 15. Coronttla. Flowers yellow, small. 16. Aeschynomene. Rennes 8 euelas the terminal leaflet stalked. lowers yellow. | AS 17. Stylosanthes. Flowers purple, blue or white. Pod of several joints; leaflets stipellate. , 18. Meibomia. Pod of 1 or 2 joints; leaflets not stipellate. 19. Lespedesa. Tribe 9. VICIEAE. Style slender, with a tuft of hairs at the summit. 20. Vicia, . Style flattened, bearded along the inner side. 21. Lathyrus. a Tribe 10. PHASEOLEAE, ‘ Style bearded along the inner side; rachis not thickened at the insertion of the flowers; keel of corolla not curved nor coiled. 23. Clitoria. Style elarron, or slightly pubescent below; keel of corolla not curved nor coiled. Standard spurred at the base. 22. Bradburya. Standard not spurred. Leaves odd-pinnate; leaflets 5-7. 25. Aptos. Leaves 3-foliolate, rarely 1-foliolate. Calyx tubular, not bracteolate. ' 24. Faloata. Calyx short, bracteolate. 26. Galactia. Style bearded along the inner side; rachis thickened at the insertion of the ‘flowers. | ioe : ; Keel of the corolla spirally coiled; flowers racemed. 27. Phaseolus. Keel strongly incurved; flowers purple, capitate. 28. Strophostyles. 1. CLADRASTIS Raf. 1, CuapRasTIs LuTEA (Michx.) Koch. Yellow-wood. M. p. 534. Culti- vated. Spring. ; ‘ 2. BAPTISIA Vent. 1. Baprista tTinctoriaA (L.) R. Br. Wild Indigo. M. p. 534. Sandy, dry soil. Summer. ; ; -- 3. CROTALARIA L. 1, CROTALARIA SAGITTALIS L. Rattlebox. M. p. 536. Sandy soil. Summer. 4, LUPINUS L. 1. LUPINUS PERENNIS L. Lupine. M. p. 536. Sandy soil. Summer, Bucks — Penn Valley (Cr.), Nockamixon (Fr.), Buckingham (Ws.). Montgomery—Shannonville (Cr.). Delaware—H. Lewis’ Woods, Upper Providence (Fu.), Springfield (S..Tr.) (W. Tr.). Chester—Above Valley Forge (Mac.). Lancaster—(P.)... Lehigh—Heidelberg (Kr.). Berks— (P.). Northampton—Easton, Porter (B. C.). 196 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. New Jersey—Common., New Castle—Col. Andrew’s. Rare. 5. CYTISUS L. 1. Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link. Scotch Broom. M. p, 537. Waste places and in cultivation. Summer. Philadelphia—Railroad bank, Paschallville(Ha.). Bucks—(P.). . Dela- ware — Glenolden, Dr. J, B, Brinton ,(He.), above Tinicum (Gi.), near Chester (Pr.) (W. Tr.). “ Lancaster—Cut at Gap (Cr.). Camden — oe Brook (Ke.). Gloucester — Woodhury (Cr. ) (He. ) Tomlin (Ja.). New Castle—Summit Bridge, ia! hi and along the Canal, Com- mons. ro 6. MEDICAGO L. -Muptc, 1 ead Perennial; flowers violet, conspicuous. 1. M. sativa. Annual; flowers bright yellow, small. Pod 1-seeded, curved, not spiny. 2. M. dot aa Pod several-seeded, spiny onthe edges, spirally twisted. Pa Pod loosely coiled, not furrowed on the edge.’ 3. M. dentioiaita: Pod densely coiled, its edge furrowed. 4, M. Arabica. 1. Mepicaco sativa L. Lucerne, Alfalfa. M. PY "538. Cultivated for fod- der and escaped.. Summer. 2. Mepicaco LuPuLINAa L. Black Medic, Nonesuch. M. P. 538, Fields and waste places. Spring to winter. 8. MEDICAGO DENTICULATA Willd. M. p. 538. Ballast. Summer. Philadelphia—Philadelphia Navy Yard, I. Burk (Fu.), Mayland’s ‘Gar- den (Te.). Bucks—(P.). Md Fal Camden-—Kaighn’s Point, C. A, Boiee (B. GC. ) (Ja. ). ali pnece = eae ton (C.). : 4. “Wepre Arasie. All. M. p. 538. Waste Sines and ballast. Summer. Philad siphia— Wissahickon CEade's . Bucks— Andalusia, Mart. (B. C.). Delaware—(P.). eee ; egies Camden—Kaighn’s Point, . New Castle—Field near 17th and Tatnall streets. Mepicaco MINIMA L. Ballast. Philadelphia—Greenwich Point (Te.). Camden—Camden, I. Burk! (He.). 7. MELILOTUS Juss. MELILoT. SWEET CLOVER. Flowers white. vy ‘ 1. M. alba. Flowers yellow. 5 2. M. _ officinalis. 1, MeLiLorus aLBa Desv. M. p. 539. Waste grounds. Summer. 2. MELILOTUS OFFICINALIS (L.) Lam. M. p. 539. Waste grounds. Sum- mer. i is MELILOTUS PARVIFLORA Desf. Ballast. Summer. Philadelphia—Old Navy Yard, I. Burk (He.). Camden— Kaighn’s Point (Ja.).': OnoniIs REPENS L. M. p. 539. Ballast.: Summer. Camden—Kaighn’s Point -(He.) (Ja.). PAPILIONACEAE. 197 ae 8 TRIFOLIUM L. Cuovzr. Flowers yellow. es Head 12-18 mm. long; stipules linear; leaflets all sessile, 1. T. aureum. Head ae long, nearly globose; stipules ovate; terminal leaflet stalked. Head 20-40-flowered; standard conspicuously striate. ( Kn = 2. T. procumbens. Head 3-20-flowered; standard scarcely striate. 3. T. dubiwm. Flowers red, purple, pink or white. ae 7 Head or spike much longer than thick; calyx silky, its teeth plumose. Corolla crimson, equalling or exceeding the calyx-teeth. tee , _ 4. T. incarnatum. Corolla whitish, shorter than the calyx-teetl. 5. T. arverise: Hend globose, oval, or ovoid; calyx nearly glabrous. Flowers sessile, or very nearly 30; heads dense, ovoid, oval, or globose. eet ra 6. T., pratense. ; Flowers pedicelled; heads umbel-like, globose. ; Heads 2.5 cm. in diameter or more; peduncles 2-8 em, long. 7. T. reflexum. Heads 12-18 mm. in diameter; lower peduncles 5-20 em. long. Ascending or procumbent; flowers pink,. pinkish or purple. Ascending; calyx much shorter than the pink or nearly white corolla. 8. T. hybridum. Procumbent; tufted; calyx nearly equalling the purple corolla, 9. 1. Carolinianum. Creeping; flowers white or pinkish. 10. 7. repens. 1, TRIFOLIUM AUREUM Poll. Yellow or Hop Clover. M. p. 539. Sandy fields and roadsides. Summer. 2. TRIFOLIUM PROCUMBENS L. M. p. 540. Sandy fields and roadsides. Summer. ‘ a Be ge 3. TRIFOLIUM DUBIUM Sibth. M. p. 540. Fields and waste places. Summer. Philadelphia—Chestnut Hill (VP.). Bucks—Penn Valley (Cr.), Tully- town (Le.). Delaware—Tinicum (Fu.). Gloucester—Mickleton (He.), ‘Timber Creek (Te.). Cape May—Peer- mont (Br.), Tuckahoe (Ja.), Wildwood (Wn.). Atlantic—Hammonton, May’s Landing (C.). Ocean—Forked River (Mac.). Hunterdon—White Hill (C.). Mercer—Crosswick’s Creek (Br.). ; New Castle—Frequent. 4, TRIFOLIUM INCARNATUM L. Crimson or Italian Clover. M. p. 540. Cul- tivated and persisting. Summer. 5. TRIFOLIUM ARVENSE L. Rabbit-foot or Stene Clover. M. p. 540. Old fields. Summer. oy 6. TRIFOLIUM PRATENSE L. Red Clover. M. p. 540. Fields and meadows. Summer. ; 7. TRIFOLIUM REFLEUM L. Bujffalo Clover. M.p.541. Meadows. Summer. Montgomery—Norristown (Me.). Chester—Pheenixville, I. Burk (He.). Mercer—Trenton (C.). : 8, TRIFOLIUM HyBRIDUM L. Alsike Clover. M. p. 541. Meadows and waste places. Spring to fall. i 9, TRIFOLIUM CAROLINIANUM Michx. M. p. 541. Waste ground. Spring to fall. Philadelphia—Navy Yard, Mart. (B. C.). 198 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 10. TriroLium REPENS L. White Clover, M. p. 54]. S‘ields and waste places. Spring to winter. Py a TRIFOLIUM SUBTERRANEUM L. Ballast. Camden—Camden, C. A. Boice (B. C.). 9. LOTUS L. . 1. Lorus cornicutatus L. Bird’s-foot Trefoil. M. p. 542. Ballast. Summer. i , Philadelphia— West Park (VP.). Camden—Kaighn’s Point. New Castle—Yard of Chicago Wire Works. 10. AMORPHA L. 1, AmorPHa FRuTIcosa L. False Indigo. M. p. 545. Escaped from eulti- vation.. Early summer. 11. .CRACCA L. 1. Cracca Viréiniana L. Goat’ s Rue, Catgut.. M. p. 548. Dry, sandy soil, Early summer. ~ : 12. BRADLEYA Adans. 1. BRADLEYA FRUTESCENS (L.) Greene. American Wistaria. M. p. 549. Cultivated. Spring. 13. ROBINIA L. Locust. Twigs, petioles and pods glabrous; flowers white; atree. 1. R. Pseudacacia. Twigs and petioles glandular ; pods hispid ; flowers ‘pinkish ; a tree. 2. RB. viscosa. Twigs and petioles bristly; pods beets flowers ink or purple; a shrub. 3. BR. hispida, 1. Roprnta Pseupacacta L. Common Locust, False Acacia. ' M. p. 549. . Extensively naturalized. Spring. 2. RoBINIA viscosa Vent. Clammy Locust. M. p. 549. Cultivated and escaped. Early summer. 3. ROBINIA HISPIDA L. Rose Acacia. M. p. 549. Cultivated and escaped from cultivation. Spring. 14. SESBAN Adans. 1. S—esBan macrocaRPA Muhl. M. p. 550. In wet: or moist soil. Intro- duced. Summer. Delaware—Near Lansdowne (Mac.). 15. CORONILLA L. 1. CORONILLA vaRIA L. Aawort. M. p. 557. Roadsides and waste places. , Summer. Philadelphia — Philadelphia Salt Works, I. Burk (He.). Chester — Streets of West Chester (P.). Camden — Kaighn’s Point (Ja.) (Wn.). Ocean — Waretown (Sts.). Hunterdon—Lambertville (C.). Somerset—Somerville (C.). PAPILIONACEAE, 199 16. AESCHYNOMENE L. 1, AESCHYNOMENE VIRGINICA (L.) B.S. P. Sensitive Joint Vetch, M. p- 558. Along rivers. Summer. Delaware—Tinicum, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.). ; Camden — Kaighn’s Point (C.). Gloucester — Center ‘Square (Cr. ), Bridgeport (Fu.), Oldman Creek near the Delaware, near Mickleton (He.), ° near Swedesboro (Li.). Salem—Banks of, Delaware (C.). New Castle—Brandywine Creek near Shelpot; river shore at and below Delaware City (Ta.), near Claymont (S. Tr.). 17. STYLOSANTHES Sw. 1, STYLOSANTHES BIFLORA (L.) B. 8. P. Pencil-flower. M. p. 558. Dry soil. Summer. 18. MEIBOMIA Heist. T1cK-TREFOIL. Loment not constricted above, deeply constricted below, long-stalked; leaf- lets broad. Panicle arising from the base of the plant; peduncle usually leafless. , M. nudiflora. Panicle terminal; leaves crowded at the base. 2. M. grandiflora. Loment constricted on both margins, more deeply below than above. Stems trailing or reclining. Leafiets orbicular or nearly so. 3. M. Michausii. Leaflets ovate or oval. ‘ 4. M. glabelia. Stems erect or ascending. Leaves sessile or nearly so; leaflets linear or lanceolate. 5. M. sessilifolia. Leaves petioled. ‘ Leaflets narrowly linear; joints of the loment. usually concave on the back. 6. M. stricta. Leaflets broad. Joints of the loment notably longer than broad. Leaflets obtuse, rough-pubescent, yellowish-green. ; 7. M. canescens. ‘Leaflets long-acuminate, glabrous, Banners beneath. . M. bracteosa. Joints of the loment little ‘longer than tional Loment distinctly long-stalked in the calyx. Plants glabrous or nearly so. Leaflets lanceolate or oblong. 9. M. paniculata. Leaflets broadly ovate or oval, glaucous be- neath. 10. M. laevigata. Plants pubescent or scabrous. Leaflets thick, coriaceous, velvety-pubescent beneggh. ll. M. viridiflora. Leaflets scarcely coriaceous, appressed piles: cent or villous’ beneath. i 12. M. Dillenit. Loment sessile in the calyx or nearly so. Loment-joints 4-7; flowers numerous, showy. 13. M. Canadensis. Leaflets scabrous, 2-5 em. long. 14. M. rigida. Leaflets not scabrous, 1-2 em. long. Plant nearly glabrous throughout. * 15. AL. ar euiatilen Stem pubescent; leaflets and petioles ciliate. 16. M. obtusa. @ 200 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. . MEIBOMIA NUDIFLORA (L.) Kuntze. M. p. 560. Dry woods. Summer. . MEIBOMIA GRANDIFLORA (Walt.) Kuntze. M. p. 560. Dry or rocky woods. Summer. Merwom1a Micuauxi Vail. M. p. 560. Dry woods. Summer. 4, MEIBOMIA GLABELLA (Michx.) Kuntze. M. p. 560. Dry, sandy soil. 9. Summer. ; ‘ Philadelphia—Cresheim Creek near Wissahickon (Je.). Bucks—Dur- ham, Ruth (Fr.). Chester—W. Bradford (St.). Hunterdon— Beagle Corner (C.). New Castle—Deakynes, Commons; Yorklyn, Canby. . MEIBOMIA SESSILIFOLIA (Torr.) Kuntze. M. p. 560. Dry soil. Summer. Lancaster —McCall’s Ferry, Porter (B. C.), York Furnace (Cr.). . MEIBOMIA sTRICTA (Pursh.) Kuntze. M.p.561. Pine-barrens. Summer. Burlington — Quaker Bridge (Fr.). Gloucester — Malaga, Woodbury (C.). . MrrBomia CANESCENS (L.) Kuntze. M. p. 561. Moist grounds. Sum- mer. . MEIBOMIA BRACTEOSA (Michx.) Kuntze. M. p. 561. Thickets. Late summer. Bucks—Rock Hill (Fr.). Montgomery—Sumneytown, Lafayette (VP.). Delaware—Glen Mills, Dr. Geo. Martin (Fu.), Lownes’ Run, Springfield, L. L. Smith (B. 8m.), Concord (W. Tr.). Chester—Hibbert’s Mill (Pr.), Pocopsin, Chester Valley opposite Paoli (St.). Lancaster—(P.). North- ampton—Easton, Porter (B. C.). Dauphin—(P.). Gloucester — Mickleton (C.), Swedesboro (Li.). Hunterdon — Rose- mont (C.). New Castle— Frequent. MEIBOMIA PANICULATA (L.) Kuntze. M. p. 561. -Copses. Summer. 10. Merpomia LAEvIGATA (Nutt.) Kuntze. M. p. 561. Dry woods. Late summer. : Philadelphia— Wissahickon (VP.). Montgomery—Lafayette, Frazier ’s Bog (VP.). Delaware — Tinicum, Dr. Joseph Leidy, C. E. and A. H. Smith (Fu.) (B. 8m.). Northampton—Easton, Porter (B. C.). Burlington—Crosswick’s Creek (C.), Medford (St.). Gloucester— Near Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). Atlantic—Ventnor (Gi.). Mercer— Princeton Junction (C.). ‘ New Castle—Auburn, Tatnall; Pownsend, Milltown, Canby. 11, Mureomza viripirtora (L.) Kuntze. M. p. 562. Dry woods. Autumn. Philadelphia — Wissahickon (VP.). Bucks—(P.). Delaware — Glen Mills (Fu.), Williamson (Ke.), near Darby, C. E. Smith (B. Sm.), Con- cord (W. Tr.). Chester—(P.). Lancaster—(P.). Northampton—Eas- ton, Porter (B. C.). Burlington—Vincentown (C.), Medford (8t.). Camden—Spring Gar- den, Tomlinson (C.). Gloucester—Swedesboro (Li.). Hunterdon—Rose- mont, Baptisttown (C.), Clinton (Te.). New Castle—Frequent. PAPILIONACEAE. 201 12. MerBomia Dittenm (Darl.) Kuntze. M. p. 562. Open woodlands. Summer. 13. Mzrpomia CANADENSIS (L.) Kuntze. M. p. 562. Thickets and river- banks. Summer. 14. MEIBoMiIa RigIpA (Ell.) Kuntze. M. p. 562. Dry hillsides. Summer. Philadelphia—Chestnut Hill (VP.). Bucks—Near Sellersville (Fr.). Delaware — Williamson (Pe.), Tinicum (St.). Chester — W. Bradford, Valley Forge (St.). Lancaster—(P.). Northampton—LEaston, Porter (B. C.). New Jersey—Common. New Castle— Wilmington (Wn.). 15. Mrrpomia Maryianpica (L.) Kuntze. M. p. 562. Copses. Summer. 16. Mzrsomia optusa (Muhl.) Vail. M. p. 562. Dry soil. Summer. 19. LESPEDEZA Michx. BusH-cLOvER. “ Perennials; stipules and bracts subulate; calyx-lobes narrow. Both petaliferous and apetalous flowers present; corolla purple or pur- plish; pod exserted. Peduncles slender, and mostly exceeding the leaves. Petaliferous flowers capitate or spicate. Plants trailing or diffusely-procumbent. Glabrous or appressed-pubescent. 1. L. repens. Woolly or downy-pubescent. 2. L. procumbens. . Plants erect, rather stout, pubescent. 3. L. Nuttallii. Petaliferous flowers loosely paniculate; stem erect ,or ascend- 4, L. violacea. \ ing. Flower-clusters of both kinds sessile or nearly so. Leaflets oval, oblong, or orbicular. . Foliage ‘densely downy-pubescent. 5. L. Stuvet. Foliage glabrate or appressed-pubescent. : 6. L. frutescens. Leaflets linear or linear-oblong. 7. L. Virginica, Flowers all complete; corolla whitish or yellowish; pod included or scarcely exserted. Leaves oblong, ovate-oblong, or nearly orbicular, Peduncles exceeding the leaves. 8. L. hirta. Peduncles shorter than the leaves. 9. L. capitata. Leaves linear or linear-oblong; peduncles elongated. 10. L. angustifolia. Annual; stipules ovate; calyx-lobes broad. 11. L. striata. 1. LESPEDEZA REPENS (L.) Bart. M. p. 563. Dry or sandy soil. Late summer. 2. LESPEDEZA PROCUMBENS Michx. M. p. 563. Dry soil. Summer. 8. LESPEDEZA NurtTauLm Darl. M. p. 563. Dry soil. Late summer. Bucks—Narrowsville (Br.) (Fr.).. Montgomery—(P.). Delaware— Newtown Square, Elwyn (St.). Chester —(P.). Lancaster — (P.). Northampton— (P.). 4, LESPEDEZA VIOLACEA (L.) Pers. M. p. 563. Dry copses. Late summer. 5. Lespeveza Sruver Nutt. M. p. 564. Dry soil. Late summer. 6a. LesprpEza StuveI NEGLECTA Britton. M. p. 564. Dry soil. Late sum- mer. Philadelphia—(P.). Cape May—Cape May Court- house (St.). 202 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA, 6. LESPEDEZA FRUTESCENS (L.) Britton. M. p. 564. Dry soil. Late sum- mer. 7. LesPEpEza VirGINica (L.) Britton. M:. p. 564. Dry soil. Late summer. Bucks — Bristol, Sellersville (Fr.). Montgomery —Ivy Rock (St.). Delaware—Elwyn (St.). Northampton—Easton, Porter (B. C.). . New Jersey—Frequent. 8. LESPEDEZA HiRTA (L.) Ell. M. p. 564. Dry soil. Autumn. 9. LESPEDEZA CAPITATA Michx. M. p. 564, Dry and sandy soil. Late sum- mer. New Jersey—General. 10. LusPEDEZA ANGUSTIFOLIA (Pursh.) Ell. M. p. 564. Dry, sandy soil. Late summer. 77 Bucks—Penn Valley (Cr.). Delaware—(P.). Camden—Winslow Junction (Cr.). Gloucester— Woodbury (Gi.), near Mickleton (He.). Cumberland—Vineland (Ab.). Atlantic—Egg Har- bor, May’s Landing (Li.). , _ New Castle—Collins’ Beach, Commons. 11. LespEpEza striata (Thunb.).H. & A. M. p. 564, Fields. Summer. Delaware—Darby Creek (Ja.)\(VP.). Lancaster— Pleasant Grove (Ca.). Cape May—Wildwood (Ja.). 20. VICIA L. Vercu.. Tare. Flowers racemed or spicate; peduncles elongated. Indigenous perennials. Spike-like racemes dense, ‘1-sided, 15-40-flowered. fe eae oe 1. V. Cracea. Racemes loose, 1-20-flowered. Flowers 1.5-2 em. long. 2. V. Americana. Flowers 4-10 mm. ae 3. V. Caroliniana, Introduced annuals; flowers 4-6 mm. long. Pod glabrous, 3-6-seeded. 4. V. tetrasperma. Pod pubescent, 2-seeded. 5. V. hirsuta. Flowers sessile or very’ nearly so, few, axillary. Leaflets oblong, oval, or obovate: 6. V. sativa. Leaflets, except those of lower leaves, linear or linear- -oblong. 7. V. angustifolia. 1. Viera Cracca L. M. p. 565. Dry soil. Summer. | Philadelphia— —Greenwich Point (Te.). Bucks—Lahaska, New Hope, Wrightstown, cemeteries (Ws.) Montgomery— Tylersport (Fr.), Walnut Hill (Ja.), Horsham (Sa. ), Spring House (VP.). Delaware — (P.). Chester — West Chesten, streets (Pr.). Lancaster— (P.). Morthanratea —(P.). Camden — Kaigha ’s Point (He.) (Wn.). Mercer — Mt, Rose (c. )- Hunterdon — Lambertville, Kingwood, Rosemont, Sergeantsville, Fair- mount, Flemington (C.). i 2. Victa AMERICANA Muhl. M. p. 565. Moist soil. Summer. Bucks—Point Pleasant (Fr.). Chester—Pheenixville, Mart. (B. C. ). Lancaster—(P.). Northampton—Easton (Ca.). Mercer—Trenton, Bordentown (C.). Hunterdon— Kingwood, (C.). 3. VicIaA CAROLINIANA Walt. M. p. 566. River banks. Early summer. Philadelphia — Girard Point (Ke.).. Bucks — Point Pleasant, Moyer PAPILIONACEWE. 203 ~ (B.). Lancaster—(P.). Lehigh—Salisbury (Kr.). Northampton + FH OPLe r ‘ s t Wi & : Hunterdon—Somerset Junction (C.), Holland (Ca.). sf 4, VICIA TETRASPERMA' (L.) Moench. M. p. 566. Meadows and’ ‘waste : places. Summer. _ ae Philadelphia — Fairmount Park (Té.). Delaware — Lazaretto: Road (Mar.), Ridley, near Moores’s Station, Tinieum (B. Sm.). »' Chester— Westtown (Cr.) (Ha.) (Le.). Burlington — Florence (C.). Camden — Ballast (C.), Ancora (Li.). Salem—Auburn (He.). Monmouth—Keyport (C.). Mereer—Lawrence- ville, Trenton (C.). Hunterdon—Lambertville (C.). New Castle—Col. Davis. 5. VICIA HIRSUTA a Koeh. , M. p. 566, Fields and waste. places. Sum- mer. Philadelphia—Navy Yard, Mart, (B. C.), Fairmount Park.(Pr.) (Te.), Greenwich Point (Te.). Chester—(P.). Burlington — Beverly: (Mae.). Camden — Kaighn’s Point (Wn.). Gloucester — Parkville (G.), near Mickleton (He.). Mercer—Trenton (C.). New Castle—Near Wilmington, Dr. Michener. 6. Vicia sativa L. Common Vetch or Tare. M. p. 566. Fields and: waste places. Summer. 7. Vicia ANGUSTIFOLIA Roth. M. p. 566. Ballast. Summer. Philadelphia— Waste places (P.). ood EO OS ey Camden—Kaighn’s Point (Ja.). VICIA VILLOSA Roth. M. p. 565. Bucks—Penn Valley (Fr.). 21. LATHYRUS L. VeETCHLING. | EVERLASTING PEA. Stipules foliaceous; plant of the seashore. 1. L. maritimus. Stipules half-sagitate, or small, or wanting, inland plants. Plants climbing or trailing; stipules. present, pod sessile. rae, ost Leaflets ovate or oval, large; ‘flowers: 10-20. 2. DL. venosus. Leaflets linear, oblong or oval, smaller; flowers 2-6. ‘Leaflets: linear or linear-oblong; stem winged. : . 3. DL. palustris. Leaflets oblong or oval; stem wingless. 4, L. myrtifolius. 1. LatHyrus MariTimus (L.) Bigel. Beach Pea. M. oe 567... Seashore. Summer. ee Ocean — Sea-Side Park (Ke.), Toms Five cw. Tr.). Monmouth — Ocean Beach, Seabright, Sandy Hook (C.). &. LatHyrvus vENosus Muhl. .M. p. 567. Sandy banks. Summer. +: -* Bucks—Near New Hope (Ws.). Lancaster—York Furnace (Cr.) (Li.), McCall’s Ferry (Li.). Lehigh—Laury’s (Kr.). _Northampton—Beth- lehem (P.). , - : Bake “'* _Hunterdon—Milford (C.). ~ oe,» an Si LATHYRUS paLustTris L, M. p. 567, Moist’ places. Summer. : Phiiladelphia—Bybetty; Mart. (B. C.).° Bucks—Bristol, Mart. (Fr. j, Neeley’s Mills (Ws.). Delaware—Darby, Hi. Cc. Barker (B. C.)., \ Cdmden—Banks ‘of the Delaware (C.), Metchatitville (Ha.), “Gloncester (Mac.). Gloucester — Swedesboro (Li.). Mercer—Trenton (C.).” 204 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 4, LATHYRUS MYRTIFOLIUS Muhl. M. p. 567. Moist places. Early summer. Philadelphia—Byberry, Mart. (B. C.). Bucks—Bristol, Mart. (Fr.). Delaware—Sandy bank near Media, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.) (B.Sm.). Lan- caster—(P.). Berks—(P.). Northampton—(P.). Camden — Cooper’s Creek (C.). Gloucester — Mantua Creek (Wn.). Mercer—Trenton (C.). Hunterdon—Milford (C.). LATHYRUS aPHACA L. Ballast. Philadelphia—Greenwich Point (Te.). Latuyrus Ervum L. Ballast. Camden—Camden, C. T. Parker (B. C.). LATHYRUS LATIFOLIUS L. Common in cultivation. Summer. Philadelphia—Bartram’s Garden, Mart. (B. C.). New Castle—Shalleross Avenue and Franklin Street. LATHYRUS TUBEROSUS L. Ballast. Camden—Kaighn’s Point (Ja.). 22. BRADBURYA Raf. 1, BrapBurya VirGINIANa (L.) Kuntze. Spurred Butterfly-pea. M. p. 568. Dry, sandy soil. Summer. Cape May—Anglesea. 23. CLITORIA L. 1, Currorra Mariana L. Butterfly-pea. M. p. 569. Dry soil. Early summer. Philadelphia—On the Wissahickon (P.). Lancaster—(P.). Atlantic—Hammonton (Cr.) (Ke.). Ocean—Toms River (C.). New Castle—Rocky Ridge, Tatnall; Allapokas, east of Rockford, Mill- town, Commons; Townsend, Canby. 24, FALCATA Gmel. Leaves thin; bracts small; plant pubescent or glabrate. 1. F. comosa. Leaves firm; bracts large; plant villous brown-pubescent. 2. F. Pitcheri. 1, Fancata comosa (L.) Kuntze. Hog Pea-nut. M. p. 569. Rich, damp woods, Summer. ‘2. Fatcata Prrcueri (T. & G.) Kuntze. M. p. 569. Moist thickets. Sum- mer. Delaware—Haverford along Cobb’s Creek (B. Sm.). 25. APIOS Moench. 1. Apios APios (L.) MacM. Ground-nut, Wild Bean. M. p. 569. Low grounds. Summer. 26. GALACTIA P. Br. Mix Para. Pods sparingly pubescent; plants glabrous or nearly so. 1. G. regularis. Pods copiously pubescent; plant closely pubescent. 2. G. volubilis. 1. GaLactia REGULARIS (L.) B. 8. P. M. p. 570. Dry, sandy soil. Sum- mer. Philadelphia—Byberry, Mart. (B..C.). . Lancaster—Lancaster (Ca.), Cedar Hill (P.). Berks—Near Reading (P.). PAPILIONACEAE. 205 New Jersey—Common throughout the pine- -barrens, New Castle—Not rare. 2. GALAOTIA VOLUBILIS (L.) Britton. M,. p. 570., Dry soil. Summer. Berks—Near Reading (P.). 27. PHASEOLUS L. 1, PHASEOLUS POLYSTACHYUS (L.) B. 8. P. Wild Bean, Kidney Bean. M. p- 571. Thickets. Summer.’ Pennsylvanig—Common. ; ; Gloucester—Mullica Hill (He. ), Swedesboro (Li.). Cape May—Wild- wood (Br.). Monmouth—Asbury Park (Cr.), Loch Arbor, locality de- stroyed (Wn,). Hunterdon—Milford, Byram (C.). New Castle— —Frequent. 28. STROPHOSTYLES El. WILD — Leaflets mainly lobed, 2-5 em. long; pod 5- 8 cm. long. "1. &. helvola. Leaflets mainly entire, 1-4 em. long; pod..2-5 em. long. 2, 8. umbellata. 1. SrROPHOSTYLES HELVOLA (L.) Britton, M.p.571. Sandy soil. Summer and fall. Philadelphia—George’s Hill (Ke.), Fairmount Park (Wn.). Bucks—, Andalusia, Mart. (B. C.), Bristol (Fr.), Penn Valley (Wn.). Delaware— Tinicum, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.), Swarthmore (ey cles Chester — (P.). Northampton—Bethlehem (P.). ie New Jersey—Common. New Castle—Frequent. | 2. STROPHOSTYLES UMBELLATA (Mu) Britton. M. ‘p. 571. Sandy soil. Summer. , Philadelphia— Wissahickon (Ke.), West Fairmount Park (Mac.), rail- road above Manayunk (VP.). Bucks—Bristol, Mart. (Fr.), Langhorne (Ws.), Tullytown (Fr.), Penn Valley (Wu.). Delaware—Middletown, common (Fu.), Lansdowne (Gi.). Chester— (P. » Lancaster—(P.). New Jersey—Common. 8 New Castle—Not common, VIGNA REPENS (L.) Baker. Eseaped from cultivation. Summer. Philadelphia— Philadelphia Navy Yard, Mart. (B. C.). HIprocreris comosa L, Ballast. Summer. Philadelphia—Philadelphia, C. T. Parker (B. C.). ANTHYLLIS VULNERARIA L. Ballast. Summer. Camden—Kaighn’s Point (Wa.). Order 15. GERANIALES. Stamens more than 1; land plants. Flowers regular ‘or nearly so; petals’ present, usually as many as the sepals. Herbs, the leaves not punctate; flowers, perfect. Leaves not pinnately compound. Capsule at length. splitting into its 5 carpels; leaves lobed or dissected. Fam. 1.' 'Gerantaceae. 206 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Capsule 2:5-eelled, not splitting into its. carpels. Stamens 2-3 times as many. as the petals; leaves 3- foliolate. Fam. 2. Oxalidaceae. ‘Stamens as many as the petals ; leaves entire. Fam. 38. . Linaceae... Leaves pinnately compound. Fam. 4. Eugosialiaene: Trees or shrubs with compound leaves, often punctate; flowers dicecious or polygamous. Leaves punctate. Fam. 5. Rutaceae. Leaves not punctate, the bitter bark with oil-sacks, Fam. 6. Simarubaceae. Flowers very drregular ; oe 3; stamens usually 8; herbs.” Fam. a Polygalaceae. Flowers regular, often apefaleus, small, monecious; carpels mostly 3; herbs or low shrubs; mostly with milky juice. eos Fam. 8. Euphorbiaceae. Stamen only 1; perianth none; styles 2; small aquatic or rarely terrestrial plants with opposite, entire jeaves. Fam. 9. Callitrichaceae. Family 1. GERANIACEAE J. St. Hil. Geranium Family. Anthers 10, rarely 5; carpel-tails not hairy. fnadiia.? 1. Geranium. Anthers 5; carpel-tails bearded inside. 2. Erodium. | 1. GERANIUM L. CRANE’S-BILL. Perennial; flowers 2.5 cm. broad or more. 1. G. maculatum. Annuals or ‘biennials; flowers 4-12 mm. broad. Or Leaves 3-divided; segments pinnatifid, thin. 2. G. Robertianum. Leaves pedately lobed or dissected. Peduncles longer than the leaves; carpels, smooth. ; 3. G. columbinum. Peduncles short; carpels rugose or hairy. Seeds retienlated or pitted. Glandular-pubescent with long, white hairs. 4. G. rotundifolium. Pubescent with short hairs; leaves deeply lobed. Flowers pale purple; seeds minutely reticulated. 5. G, Carolinianum. Flowers deep purple; seeds pitted. 6. G. dissectum. Seeds smooth or nearly so. Stamens 5; carpels hairy, not rugose. 7. G. pusillum. Stamens ‘10; carpels glabrate, rugose. 8. G. molle. 1. GERANIUM MacuLaTUM L. M. p. 573. Open woods. Summer, 2. GERANIUM RopertTiANuM L. Herb- Robert. M. p. 573. Rocky woods and sandy places. Summer. Philadelphia—Fairmount Park (Ha.), Robinson’s Knoll (Te.). Bucks —Narrowsville, Argus (Cr.), Rock Hill (Fr.), Point Pleasant (Ws.). Berks—Monocacy (Me.). Northampton—Easton (Ca.). Cumberland—Vineland (Ab.). ' Atlantic—Ventnor (Gi.), Atlantic City, I. Burk (He.). Cape May—Peermont (Br.), Anglesea (U. C. 8.), Wild- wood (Wn.). Monmouth—Sandy Hook (C.). Hunterdon—Prallsville, Sergeantsville (C.). 3. GERANIUM COLUMBINUM L. M. p. 574. Fields and along roadsides. Summer. . a < Bucks—Red Hill, Moyer (P.). Delaware—Coneord (W. Tr.). Chester OXALIDACEAE.. | 207 —Falls of French Creek (Mac.). Lancaster—Safe Harbor (Ca.), oppo- site York Furnace, Martie Forge (St.). - Dauphin—Roekville (Wa). , Burlington— Vincentown (C.). Camden— —Kaighn 'g Point (Ja.), Had- donfield (Te.). Gloucester—Near Mickleton (He.). _ Salem—Near ‘Woods- town .(Li.). New Castle —Townsend, Commons; south’ of Blackbird. 4, GERANIUM RoTUNDIFoLIUM L. M. p. 574. Ballast. Summer. Camden— —Kaighn ’s Point (Wn.). 3, GERANIUM CaRouInianum L. M. p. 574. Barren soil. Summer, 6. GERANIUM DIssEcTUM L. M. p. 574. Waste places. Summer. Camden—Kaighn’s Point (Ja.). "Gloucester — — Woodbury (C.), Swedes- boro (Li.). Salem—Mount Pleasant (Pe.) » Woodstown (Wa.). Atlantic —Atlantic City (Fu.). “ 7, GERANIUM PUSILLUM Burm. f. M. p. 574. ante places. Summer. Philadelphia—Greenwich Point (Te.). Berks—(P.). Northampton— (P.). : Burlington— Moorestown, Pemberton (C.). -Camden—Camden, Mart. (B. C.), Gloucester, C. E. Smith (Fu.) (Te.), Cooper’s Point (C.). Salem Woodstown (Wa.). Cape May—Cape May (Ha.) (He.), Tuckahoe (Ja.). Atlantic—Absecon, May’s Landing (Wn.). Monmouth— Keyport (C.). Mercer—Princeton, Trenton (C.). : New Castle—South of Stanton Station, Tatnall; east side of Brandy- wine Creek below railroad bridge, Canby. — “e 8. GERANIUM MOLLE L. M. p. 574. Waste places. Summer. Philadelphia—Ballast (P.). Bucks—Sellersville (Fr.). Cape May—Tuckahoe (Ke.). Z 2. ERODIUM L/’Her. 1, Eroprum cicurarium (L.) L’Her. Stork’s Bill. M. p. 575. Along rail- roads and ballast. Spring and summer. : ERopIuM MosCcHATUM Willd. M. p. 575. Ballast. Summer. Camden—Kaighn’s Point (Ja.). Family 2. OXALIDACEAE Lindl. Wood-sorrel Family. 1. OXALIS L. ‘Woop-sSoRREL. Acaulescent; flowers rose-purple. 1. O. violacea. Caulescent ; "flowers yellow. Pedicels reflexed at maturity ; pubescent with appressed hairs. Stem or branches creeping; introduced. 2. O. corniculata. Stems erect, or if decumbent, not creeping. ; Stems pubescent with appressed hairs, 3. O. stricta. Stem pubescent with spreading hairs or Ee - O. Brittoniae.. Pedicels erect or spreading; pubescent wae spring ms Leaves reddish-purple. 5. O. rufa. Leaves green. 6. O. cymosa. 1, Oxatis viouacea L, M. p. 576. Rocky places and open woods. Spring. 2. OXALIS CORNICULATA L. M. p. 576, Ballast and weed in green-houses. ‘Spring to fall. 208 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 3. OxaLis stricta L. M. p. 576. Woods and fields. Spring to fall. 4, OXALIS BRitTonise Small. M. p.577. Woods and fields. Early summer. Lancaster—(P.). Mercer—Trenton. 5. Oxalis RuFA Small. M. p. 577. Woods. Spring and summer. Bucks—Sellersville (Fr.). 6. OxaLIs cymosa Small. M. p. 577. Woods and fields. Spring to fall. Entoily 3. LINACEAE Dumort. Plax Family. x ‘1. LINUM L. Fuax. Flowers blue. | ie usitatissimum. Flowers yellow. iy Iaee t so _ Leaves and bracts anties: Stem nearly terete, corymbosely branched ; usually only the lowest leaves opposite. , Leaves thin, oblong or oblanceolate, ' spreaaingy: ais . L. Virginianum. _ Leaves firm, appressed-ascending. FS L. medium. Stem angled, racemosely branched ; _ leaves below the branches mostly all opposite. 4. L\ striatum. ‘Upper leaves and bracts glandular-ciliate. : 5. L. suleatum.: 1. Linum vusitatissimum L. Common Flax. “M. ‘p. 578. Roadsides and waste places. Summer. s * 2. Linum Viremanum L. M. Pe. 579, Dry woods, ‘Summer. : 3. LinuM MEDIUM (Planch.) | Britton. M, p. 579. Diy soil. Summer. | ? Bucks—Perkasie, Three-mile Run (Fr.). Atlantic—Egg Harbor ‘(Li.). . ; / 4, LiInuM sTRIATUM Walt. M. p. 579. Wet or boggy grounds. Summer. Bucks—Rock Hill, Tullytown, Penn Valley (Fr.), Durham, Ruth (Fr.). _Montgomery—(P.). Chester—London Grove (Le.). Lancaster —New Texas (Ca.), Little Britain Twp. (Pr.)..,Berks—(P.). Lehigh—Lehigh Mountain, Salsburg (Kr.). Northampton— (P.). Dauphin—(P.). New Jersey—Common. tees — New Castle—Thompson’s, Deringer ’s. 5. Linum: suLcatum Riddell. M. p. 579, Dry soil. Summer, , Bucks—Bristol (B. Sm.). Delaware—Tinicum (B. Sm.). Lehigh— Lehigh Mountain (Kr.). ye ‘Linum terrestsis L. Ballast. - Camslen— wae ¢, 5 Boice (B. C.). Family 4, ZYGOPHYLLACEAE Lindl. Caltrop Family. 1. TRIBULUS L. Cautrop. .. 1. TrrBuLus TERRESTRIS L. , M. p. 580, Ballast. Summer. Philadeiphig— Philadelphia (Te. ), Camden—Camden, C. A. Boice (B. C.). Family 5. RUTACEAE Juss. Rue Family. Pistils 2-5, distinct; fruit fleshy, capsular. 6. gle Eanthoxylum. Pistil 1, 2- “celled; fruit a samara. 2. Ptelea. POLYGALACEAE. 209 1. XANTHOXYLUM L. 1, XANTHOXYLUM AMERICANUM Mill. Northern Prickly Ash, Toothache- tree. M. p. 581. Rocky woods and river banks. Spring. Philadelphia — Stenton (Br.), Woodlands Cemetery (Ha.), 46th and Walnut streets, Gray ’s Lane and Rabbit’s Lane, W. Philadelphia (Mac.), Mayland’s Garden (Te.), Angora (VP.) , near Gray’s Ferry (Wn.). Buoks—Rock Hill (Fr.). Montgomery—Tylersport (Ja.), Sumneytown (VP.), Uhl’s Mill (Wn.). Delaware—Middletown (S. Tr.), Concord (W. Tr.). Lancaster—(P.). Berks—(P.). Northampton—(P.). Monmouth—Freehold (C.). Hunterdon—Rosemont (C.). , XANTHOXYLUM CLAvA-HeERcuLIs L,. Southern Prickly Ash.. M. p. _ 581. Sandy soil; from the South. Delaware—Painter’s Arboretum (Fu.). 2, PTELEA L. 1 PTELEA mRirouiata L. " Shrubby Trefoil, Hop- tree. M. p. 581. _ Woods. Early summer. Philadelphia— West Philadelphia, Gray 's Ferry (Cr. i ‘Bucks —Ridge ’g Island, “Delaware river (Fr.), Stover’s Island, Moyer (Fr. ), near Morris- * ville (Ws. ) , Delaware—Coneord (Ww. (‘Tr.). Borks— (P. ds, ‘Northampton _ —Easton, Porter (B. G.). Mercer—Crosswick ’s Creek (8). Hunterdon—Ridge ‘Island (C,). ‘New Castle— ‘Becoming frequent about nurseries, 18th street. Family 6. SIMARUBACEAE DC. Ailanthus Family. 1. AILANTHUS Dest. 1, AILANTHUS GLANDULOSUS Desf. Tree of Heaven. _ M. p. 582... Cultivated and escaped. Early summer. “3 Family 7. POLYGALACEAE Reichenb. Milkwort Family. 1. POLYGALA L. MiiKworr. Flowers in solitary spikes or spike like | racemes, terminating the stem and branches. Basal leaves spatulate or obovate; flowers eee oe lutea. Basal leaves inconspicuous or wanting; flowers not yell. _ Leaves, at least the lower, verticillate; spikes 8-18 mm. thick, blunt ; flowers purple to greenish-white. ‘Spikes sessile or nearly so; wings deltoid. 2. P. cruciata. Spikes peduricled; ‘wings lanceolate-ovate. 3. P. brevifolia, . Leaves verticillate and alternate; spikes 4-6 mm, thick, acute. Verticillate leaves predominating; ; Spikes dense; flowers green to purplish. 4. P. verticillata, Alternate leaves predominating; ' spikes: loose, | long; flowers more purple. 5. Py’ embigua. Leaves all alternate. Petals united into a cleft-tube 6-8 mm. long; flowers pink. 6. . incarnata. Petals not conspicuously united into a tube. ' Spikes ovoid to globose. : Bracts persistent; flowers rose-purple to white. . P. viridescens, 210 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Bracts deciduous; flowers rose-purple. 8. P, Mariana. Spikes cylindric. Leaves oblanceolate to linear, 4-12 mm. long; flowers greenish to purplish. : 9. P. Nuttallii. Leaves lanceolate, 2.5-5 cm. long; flowers white or greenish, 10. P. Senega., Flowers distinctly racemose, rose or purple. 11. 'P. pols ygama. Flowers ey large, axillary, but apparently terminal, rose-purple ‘to white. _ 12. P. paucifolia. 1. Ponyeaua Lurea L. M. p. 583. Pine-barren swamps. Summer. Bucks—Bristol (Fr.). _ ; New Jersey—Common in the pine-barrens. 2. Potyeata cruciaTa L. M. p. 583. Sandy swanips. Summer. Philadelphia—Germantown (Me.). Bucks—Near Bristol (Fr.). Mont- gomery — Willow. Grove (VP,) .(Re.). Delaware — Tinicum (Fu.) (B. Sm.). Chester—Coatesville, H. E. Stone ae C.). Lancaster—New Texas (Ca.), Lyle (Pr.). ae New Jersey—Common in the pine- barrens. 3., POLYGALA BREVIFOLIA Nutt. M. Pp ‘583. Sandy swamps. Summer. Burlington—Atsion, Mart. (B. ©. Ds Woodmansie (He. ), Bear Swamp, Speedwell (St.), Pemberton (Te.). Camden—Lucaston (VP.). Atlantic —Absecon, Mart. (B. C.), Pleasant Mills, F. A. Raw (B. Cy, Hammonton, Dr. J. B. Brinton (He.). Ocean—Toms River (Fu.), Forked River (Ja.), Whiting (Wn.). 4, POLYGALA VERTICILLATA L. M. Pp 583. Dry or moist soil. Summer. 5. PoLyGaLa AMBIGUA Nutt. M. p. 584, Dry soil. Summer. Pennsylvania— Common. New Jersey—Common. New Castle—Hands, etc. Scarce. ‘ 6. PoLy@aLa incarnaTa L. M. p. 584. Dry soil. Summer. Chester—(P.). Lancaster—Pleasant Grove (Ca.), New Texas (Pr.). Camden—Haddonfield (C.). Gloucester—Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). Cumberland—Bridgeton (C.), New Castle—Near Newark, ONS Townsend, ante : Milltown, Commons ; Tron Hill. Rare. 7. POLYGALA VIRIDESCENS L. M. p. 584. Sandy or tae ground, . Summer. 8. PolyeaLA MARIANA Mill. M. p. 584. Dry soil. Summer.: Camden—Longacoming (C.). Gloucester—North of Swedesboro (Li.). Atlantic—Hammonton (Cr.). Cape, May—Woodbine (Br.), Cape May Court House (St.). New Castle—Townsend, Canby. 9, Potyeata Nurrati T. & G.. M. p. 584, Dry, sandy soil. Autumn. pana ee —Common. , New Jersey—Common. New Castle—Townsend, Canby; Dupont’s Woods on the W. & G. V. "waenpiie, Rare. : , 10. PoLygaLa Seneca L. Seneca Shakeroot: M. p. 584. Rocky soil. Spring. ; : : “< EUPHORBIACEAR., \: 1L Philadelphia — Byberry,. Mart. (B. C.),/Allen’s Lane ‘near Township Line (Je.). Bucks—Springfield (Fr.). .Delaware—On, Serpentine, New town, Dr..Geo..Smith (B. Sm.), Chad’s Ford (Te.). Chester—Coatesville, - H. E. Stone (B. C.), Westtown (VP.). Lancaster — (P.). E New Castle—Wilmington (He.), McCullough * Tatnall; fan Candy; Centerville, Commons. 10a. Pouycana! SENEGA LATIFOLIA 7, & G. M. p. 584, Roeky soil Spring New Castle—Mount Cuba, Dixon’s, Commons. i od 11. Potye@aLa PotyaamMa Walt. M. p. 585. Dry, sandy soil: Early sum- mer. oo pe hos _ Philadelphia—(¢P.). : New Jersey—Common in the pine-barrens, especially near the coast. 12. Pouyeaba Paucirotia Willd. M. p..585. Moist, rich woods... Early summer. . ; Bucks—Near Quakertown (Fr.).. Montgomery—Green Lane (VP.). Chester—(P.). Lancaster—Pleasant Grove (Ca.), Octoraro Creek south of Christiana (St.). Berks—Hamburg (Cr.). Lehigh—Blue Mountain in Lynn (Kr.). Northampton—(P.). Dauphin—(P.). Monmouth—Freehold (C.). Somerset—-Peapack, Raritan (C.). New Castle—Mount Cuba. : ts Family 8. EUPHORBIACEAE J . St. Hil. Spurge Family. Flowers not im an involucre, with a true calyx. Ovules 2 in each cavity of the ovary. 1. Phyllanthus. Ovules 1 in each cavity of the ovary. a Plants clothed with stellate pubescence or ‘scales. Ovary and dehiscent capsule 2-4-celled, mostly 3-celled. , 2. Croton, Ovary and. capsule 1-celled, achene-like. ; 3. Crotonopsis. Plants variously pubescent, with simple. hairs. 4, Acalypha. Flowers in an involucre, the calyx represented by a minute scale at the base, of the filament-like pedicel. 5. Euphorbia. 1, PHYLLANTHUS L. 1. PHYLLANTHUS CAROLINENSIS Walt. M. p. 586. Gravelly banks. Sum- mer. _ Chester—(P.). Lancaster—York Furnace, Peach Bottom (Br.). 2, CROTON L. 1, CRoron eLANDULosus L. M. p. 586. Ballast. Spring to winter. Philadelphia—Old Navy Yard (B. C.). New Castle—A single plant at New Castle, omens, 3. CROTONOPSIS Michx. 1. CROTONOPSIS LINEARIS Michx. M. p. 587. Dry, sandy soil. Summer. Bucks — Bristol; ‘Mart. (B. C.).. Delaware — Tinicum, T. C. Palmer (Fo). | Burlington—Taunton (Br.), Atsion (Le.), Batsto (Re.). Camden— Kirkwood, Lindenwold (Br.). Gloucester— Woodbury (C.). Atlantic— Hammonton (Cr.) (Je.), Pleasant Mills, Dr. J. B. Brinton cae) Ocean —Manchester, Southwark (C.). 212 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 4. ACALYPHA L. THREE-sEEDED MERcuRY. Staminate and pistillate flowers in separate spikes or racemes; capsule spiny. 1, A. ostryaefolia. Staminate and pistillate flowers in the same spike or raceme; capsule smooth. Plant not glandular; bract palmately many-lobed, equalling or exceed- ing the staminate spike. 2. A. Virginica. Plant glandular; bract many-cleft, shorter than the spike. ‘ ; 3. A. gracilens. 1. ACALYPHA OSTRYAEFOLIA Ridd. .M. p. 588. ‘Woods. Summer. | Bucks—Morrisville (P.). va Mercer—Princeton, Trenton (C.). 2. ACALYPHA VIRGINICA L. M. p. 588. Fields and open places. Summer. 3. ACALYPHA GRACILENS A. Gray. M. p. 588. Sandy, dry soil. Summer. Bucks—Plumstead, Moyer (P.). Delaware—(P.). Chester—(P:). Gloucester—Mickleton (He.). is RIcINuS comMUNIS L. Castor-oil Plant. Cultivated and some- times escaped. Summer. 5. EUPHORBIA L. SPuRGE. Glands of the involucre with petal- like appendages: ,. Leaves opposite, inequilateral, their bases more or less oblique. Leaves entire; seeds smooth. 1. E. polygonifolia. Leaves serrate or dentate; plants prostrate or spreading. . Seeds gray or’ white... mE nla 2. Ey hirsuta. Seeds brown or black. 3. E. maculata. Leaves serrate or dentate; plants erect or ascending. ' ; 4. E. nutans. Leaves alternate or seattered on the stem except | a whorl’ subtending the umbel. ~ — Bracts and leave! of the umbel' small and green; seeds ovoid, smooth, sparingly pitted. 5. E. corollata. _Bracts and leaves of the umbel large, white-margined; seeds ovoid, ‘globose, reticulate-tuberculate. 6. E. marginata. Glands of the involucre without petal-like appendages. Oy Leaves mostly opposite; herbage glabrous. - Plants slender; stems or branches forked. Annual; stem branched at the base; leaves, or some of them, 1 oblique at the base. 1. E. polygonifolia, Perennial; stems several from a stout root; leaves not oblique at the base. 8. E. Ipecacuanhae. Plants stout; stem usually simple below, topped by an umbel.' 9. #. Lathyris. Leaves mostly opposite; herbage pubescent. 7. E. dentata. Leaves alternate or seattered., Leaves serrulate; glands of the involucre obldtg, oval, or orbic- ular. ‘ 11. #. Helioscopia. Leaves entire; glands of the dnvolueres erescent-shaped or reniform. Annual or biennial; seeds pitted. Capsules. with 2-erested lobes; , | 12. E. Peplus. Capsules with rounded lobes. 13. £. commutata. Perennial. : ; Glands reniform or oblong wihgak horns. 10. E. Darlingtonii. Glands crescent-shaped, with horns... , 14.. E, _ Cyparissias. 1, EvpHorsia PoLyconironia L. M. p. 591. Sandy: shores. Summer, New Jersey—Common.. \ New Castle—Collins, Woodland Beach. CALLITRICHACEAE, 213 2. EUPHORBIA HIRSUTA (Torr:) Wiegand. M. p. 592. . Sandy or gravelly soil. Summer. ., Bucks — Tullytown, Hilltown, Nockamixon (Fr.). Lancaster — (P.). Northampton—(P.). 3. EUPHORBIA macuLata L. M. p. 592. Open places and roadsides. Sum- mer and fall. 4, EUPHORBIA NUTANS Lag. M. p. 593. Fields and thickets. Summer and fall. 5. EupHorpia coroLLata L. M. p, 593. Rich or sandy soil. Spring to fall. 6. EUPHORBIA MARGINATA Pursh. M. p. 594. Escaped from gardens. Sum- mer. 7. EUPHORBIA DENTATA Michx. M. p. 594. Dry or moist soil. Summer and fall. Lancaster—(P.). 8 EupHorsia IPEcACUANHAE L. M.,Q p. 594. Sandy soil. Spring to fall. Bucks—Penn Valley (Cr.). New Jersey—Common. 9. EupHorsia Laruyris L. M. p. 594. Waste places. Summer. Bucks—Near Sellersville (Fr.). Delaware—Concord (W. Tr.). Ches- ter—(P.). Lancaster—(P.). Northampton—(P.). 'Monmouth—Keyport (C.). Hunterdon—Rosemont (C.). New Castle—Centerville, Commons; Bear. 10. EupHorpia DaruineTonu A. Gray. M. p. 594. Copses. Summer. Chester—Coatesville, H. HE. Stone (B. C.). Lancagtgr—(P,). Salem— Woodstown. : a ; New Castle—South of New Garden, Joshua Hoopes; Southwood, Canby. 11, EvpHorBiA Hewioscopra L. M. p. 595. Ballast. Summer and fall. Camden—Kaighn’s Point (Ja.). 12. EurHorsia Peptus L. M. p. 595. Waste places. Summer. Philadelphia—Girard Point (Te.). Delaware—Lansdowne, Dr. Emily G. Hunt (He.) (Pe.). Chester—West Chester, Dr. Geo. Martin (Fu.). | Lancaster—(P.). Northampton—Streets of Easton (P.). Camden—Camden, I. Burk (He.). Mercer—Trenton (C.). New Castle—Gardens, Wilmington, Canby. 13, EUPHORBIA cOMMUTATA Engelm. M. p. 595. Along streams and shady slopes. Spring and summer. Lancaster— York Furnace (Cr.) (Li.), Safe Harbor (P.). 14. EvpHoRBIA Cyparissias L. M. p. 596. Escaped from gardens. Sum- mer. EUPHORBIA SEGETALIS L. Ballast. Philadelphia— Philadelphia, C. A. Boice (B. C.). Family 9. CALLITRICHACEAE Lindl. Water-starwort Family. 1, CALLITRICHE L. WarTER-sTARWORT. Fruit short-peduncled; bracts wanting; terrestrial. 1. C. Austint. Fruit sessile; aquatic, or some forms growing in mud. Bracts present. 214 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Fruit oval, flat on the face, longer than the styles. 2 C, palustris. Fruit obovate, plano-convex, shorter than the styles. ee Maas ake, eS ks ; -— 3. C. heterophylla. Bracts none; leaves all linear, submerged. : 4. C. bifida. ° 1. CaLLiTricHe Austin Engelm. M. p. 596. Damp, shaded places. Sum- mer. 2, Canuimricun paLusrris L. M. p. 597. In cold or running water. Summer. 3. CALLITRICHE HETEROPHYLLA Pursh. M. p. 597. Ponds and slow streams. Summer. ‘ Bucks—Rock Hill (Fr.) (Ja.) (Ke.). Berks—Hamburg (Ke.). North- ampton—(P.). a : ey New Jersey—Common. New Castle—Blackbird Head, Canby. ‘4. CALLITRICHE BIFIDA (L.) Morong. M. p. 597. Flowing water. Summer. Bucks—Near Sellersville (Fr.). Order 16. SAPINDALES. Flowers regular or nearly so (except ‘in Hippocastanaceae, which are trees or shrubs with digitately compound leaves). , Petals none; flowers monecious or diecious; leaves evergreen. Stamens mostly 3; low heath-like shrubs,. ; Fam..1. Empetraceae. Stamens 4-7; herbs with broad leaves and spiked flowers. Fam. 2. Busaceae. Petals present; leaves deciduous except some. Ilicaceae. Low annual herbs, with pinnately-divided leaves, the stamens twice as many as the petals. ; "Fam. 3. Limnanthaceae. Trees or shrubs, rarely herbaceous vines. , Ovary 1-celled; fruit a small drupe. ee Fi 7 vi , Fam. 4. Anacardaceae. Ovary 2-several-celled. : : Leaves simple, pinnately veined. Seeds not. arilled. Fam, 5. Ilicaceae. . Seeds arilled; ovules erect; capsule fleshy. Fam. 6. Celastraceae. Leaves simple and palmately veined, or compound. Fruit a bladdery 3-lobed capsule. ye oe Fam. 7. Staphyleaceae. Fruit of 2-winged samaras. : Fam. 8. Aceraceae. Fruit a leathery capsule; flowers irregular; leaves digitately compound. Fam. 9. Hippocastanaceae. Flowers very irregular, the posterior sepal large, saccate; succulent herbs, the capsule elastically dehiscent. Fam. 10. Balsaminaceae. Family 1. EMPETRACEAE Dumort. Crowberry Family. 1. COREMA’Don, | 1. Corzma Conravu Torr. Broom Crowberry. M. p. 598. Sandy pine- +(parrens, Early spring. , ; ete Burlington—‘‘ The Plains. ’’ ILICACEAE. 215 Family 2. BUXACEAE Dumort. Box Family. 1. PACHYSANDRA Michx. 1. PACHYSANDRA' PROCUMBENS Michx. Mountain Spurge. M. p. 599. In- troduced from the South. Woods. Early spring. Delaware—Darby, Creek near Haverford (Le.), Collen Brook, Upper Darby and Radnor (B. Sm.). . Family 8. LIMNANTHACEAE Lindl. Shek Family. 1. FLOERKEA Willd. 1, Fuomrena’ PRosERPINACOIES Willd. False Mermaid. M. p. 599. Marshes “and river banks. Spring.’ Family 4. ANACARDIACEAE. Sumac Family. 1. RHUS L. Sumac. Fruit pubescent; stone smooth. Rachis of the leaf wing-margined. 1. RB. copaliina. Rachis of the leaf nearly terete. : Foliage and twigs velvety-pubescent. » 2. RB. hirta. . Foliage of the twigs mostly glabrous and glaucous. 3. 2. glabra. Fruit glabrous; stone striate. Leaflets 7-18, glabrous. 6. R. vernia. Eendete 3, more or less pubescent beneath. 7. R. radicans. 1, Ruvs copaLuina L. Black Sumac. M. p. 600. "Dry soil, Summer. 2. Ruus Hirta (L.) Sudw. Staghorn Sumac. M. p. 600. Dry, rocky soil. Spring. : ; 3. Rous eguasra L. Scarlet Sumac. M. p. 600. Rocky or barren soil. Summer. 4, Raus VERNIX L. Potson Sumac. M. p. 601. Swamps. Early summer. 5. Ruvus rapicans L. Poison Ivy, Poison Oak. .M. p. 601. Thickets. - Spring. ’ Family 5. ILICACEAE Lowe. Holly Family. Petals oblong or obovate, slightly united. 1. Ilex. Petals linear, distinct. 2. Ilicioides._ 1. ILEX L. Leaves’ thick, evergreen, persistent. Nutlets ‘ribbed ; leaves spiny-toothed. 1. I. opaca. _ Nutlets not. ribbed ; leaves, dotted beneath. 2. I. glabra. Leaves thin, deciduous. Flowers all short-pedicelled. 3. I. verticillata. Staminate flowers on long and slender pedicels. 4. I. laevigata. 3. Inex opaca Ait. American Holly. M. p. 603. Moist woodlands. Spring. Bucks—Bristol (Fr.). Delaware—Tinicum, Dr. Geo. Smith (B. Sm.). Chester — (P.). Lanonator-— York Furnace Ae ). Deve (P.). |) New Fersey—Common.: New Castle—Holly Oak, Old Blue Bell, may Wodds, Silverside. Rare in northern part of county. 216 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 2. ILEX GLABRA (L.) A. Gray. Inkberry. M. p. 603. In sandy soil. Early summer. 3. Ibex verTICcILLATA (L.) A. Gray. Black Alder, Winterberry. M. p..604. Swamps. Early summer. 3a. ILEX VERTICILLATA CYCLOPHYLLA Robinson. M. p. 604. Bucks—Durham, Ruth (Fr.). 4, Ibex LaEvicaTa (Pursh.) A. Gray. M. p. 604. Swamps. Spring. Bucks—Bristol, Mart. (Fr.). Lancaster—(P.). Camden—Cedar Brook (Ke.), Kirkwood (Wn.). Gloucester—Mickle- ton, frequent (He.), Swedesboro (Li.), Westville (Wn.). Atlantic—Egg Harbor (Cr.). Monmouth—Keyport (C.). Mercer—Princeton Junction (C.). New Castle—Peach’s. Rare. 2. ILICIOIDES Dumont. 1, Inictompes MucronatTa (L.) Britton. Mountain Holly. M. p. 604. Swamps. Spring. Northampton—Pen Argyl (U. C.8.). Camden—Kaighn’s Point, Mart. (B. C.), Sicklerville, Dr. J. B. Brinton (Ke.). ."Petals present; ovary glabrous; samaras incurved. “*' 2, A. sabe, , Flowers corymbose, unfolding with the leaves. "s "* Leaves pale and nearly glabrous benéath. '' 3. A. Saccharum. Leaves green and pubescent, at least on the veins beneath. 4, A. nigrum. Somer racem od terminal, unfolding after the Agave Racemes drooping ; "leaves! finely serraté.” va Pennsylvanicum. Racemes erect; leaves coarsely serrate. _ ¢ A. spicatum. Leaves pinnate. A. |“ Negundo. - 1. ACER saccHaRINUM L. . White or Silver Maple. M. p. 607. Common in cultivation; also river banks. Early spring. Delaware — Chad’s Ford along Brandywine (B. Sm.). Dauphin — Steelton (Wn.). """Mercer—Above Trenton along the Delaware (He.). New Castle—Brandywine’ Creek above’ ‘Washington eee, both north and south side. 2. ACER RUBRUM L. Red or Swamp Maple. M. p. 607. Swamps and low grounds. Early spring. 3. ACER SACCHARUM Marsh. Sugar or Rock Maple. M. p. 607. Rich woods. Spring. at Bucks—Argus (Cr.), Sellersville (Fr.), Solebury Twp. (Ws.). Mont-. gomery—Sumneytown (VP.). | Delaware—Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.)._ Chester—Phenixville, Mart. (B.C.). Lancaster--(P.). Lehigh— Lehigh Mountain (Kr.). Northampton—Easton, Porter (B. C.). Dau- phin—Harrisburg (Wn). a Mercer—Princeton, Trenton (C.). New Castie—Rockland, Guyancourt. Rare. 4, ACER NIGRUM Michx. Black Sugar Maple. M. p. 608. Rich soil. Spring. ; Bucks—Rock Hill (Fr.). Lancaster—Peach Bottom (Ca.). North- ampton—(P.). Hunterdon—Locktown (C. ds 5. ACER PENNSYLVANICUM LD. "Striped or Goosefoot Maple. M. p. 608. Righ, rocky woods. Spring. ates , Buoks— (P.). Montgomery Mull Oreck (Ha.). Delaware—Painters’ Arboretum (He.). ' Berks—Hamburg (Li.), Blue Ridge (Sch.). Daw phin—Cold Springs (P.). 218 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 6. ACER sPicatuMm Lam. Mountain Maple. M. p. 608. Damp; rocky woods. Spring. Bucks—Pipersville (Fr. ), Narrowsville (Ke.), Point Pleasant, river ‘shore (Ws.). Montgomery—Sumneytown (VP.). Delaware—Painters’ Arboretum (He.). Chester—Valley Forge (Le.) (St.). Berks—(P.). Lehigh—Along the Lehigh (Kr.). Northampton—(P.). Somerset—Peapack (C.). Hunterdon—Stockton (C.). 7. AcER NecunDo L. Ash-leaved Maple, Boz Elder. M. p. 608. River banks. Spring. j ; & 3 Acer PsEupo-pLaTanus L. | Sycamore Maple: In cultivation. Spring. - 7 e ‘ ~} AcER cAMPEsTRIS L. Occasionally: escaped from eultivation Spring. ACER PLATANOIDES L. Norway Maple. Occasionally escaped from cultivation. Spring. Family 9. HIPPOCASTANACEAE T. & G. Buckeye Family. x AESCULUS Hippocastanum L. Horse-chestnut. Cultivated, Early ; summer. . AUSCULUS GLABRA wind.’ Fetid or Ohio’ Buckeye. Cultivated. Spring. : : ' Philadelphia—Bartram’s Garden (He.) (Li.). AESCULUS OCTANDRA Marsh. Sweet Buckeye. Cultivated. ‘Spring. AESCULUS OCTANDRA HYBRIDA (DC.). Sarg. Cultivated. Spring. Delaware—Painters’ Arboretum (He.). x AxEscuLus Pavia L. Red Buckeye. Cultivated. Boring: Philadelphia—Bartram’s Garden (Li.). AESCULUS PARVIFLORA Walt. Cultivated, Spring. nae —Bartram’s Garden _ a.). Family 10. “BALSAMINACEAE - Lindl. ‘Sewelagesa Family. 1, IMPATIENS L. Basa. JEWEL: WEED. TOUCH-ME-NOT. Flowers orange or crange-yellow, mottled; spur ingurved. ; 1.1. biflora. Flowers pale yellow; spur short, spreading. : 2. I. aurea. 1, ImpPATIENS BIFLORA Walt. Spotted Touch-me- aoe. M. p..611. Sandy, _ moist places. Summer. 2. IMPATIENS AUREA Muhl. Pale Touch-me-not. M. p. 611. Sandy, moist places. Summer. ©: ' ds i aie TE he By *¢ Order 17. RHAMNALES. enue small trees or vines; pee: 4 or 5; fruit a drupe or capsule. Pam. 1. Rhamnaceae, Vines, elimbing by tendrils, vardly hrighey petals caducous, fruit a berry. Fam, 2. Vitaceae. VITACEAE. 219 Family 1. RHAMNAOEAE Dumort. Buckthorn Family. Ovary free from the disk; fruit a drupe. 1. Rhamnus. Ovary adnate to the disk at its base; fruit dry. 2. Ceanothus. 1, RHAMNUS L. Buvucxruorn. 1. RHAMNUS CATHARTIOA L. Common Buckthorn. M. p. 612. Dry soil. Escaped from hedges. Spring. , OR Philadelphia—Bartram’s Garden (Cr.). Delaware—Fernwood, fully naturalized (B. Sm.). Northampton—Easton, Porter (B. C.). Camden—Haddonfield (C.). Hunterdon—Pittstown (C.). New Castle — Near Greenhill Church, Commons; Duponts near the Burned Keg Mill, Brandywine. RHAMNUS CAROLINIANA Walt. M. p. 612. Wet soil. Spring. Philadelphia—Bartram’s Garden, I. Burk (He.). Delaware—Painters’ Arboretum (Fu.). 2, CEANOTHUS L. 1. CeaNoTHUS AMERICANUS L. New Jersey Tea. M. p. 613. Dry, open woods. Summer. Family 2. VITACEAE Lindl. Grape or Vine Family. Hypogynous disk present, annular or cup-shaped, lobed or glandular; leaves not digitately compound. 1. Vitis. Eye novs disk obsolete or wanting; leaves digitately compound, leaflets 2. Parthenocissus. 1. VITIS L. Grape. Leaves woolly beneath. ei Pubescence rusty-brown ; berries large, musky. 1. V. Labrusca: Pubescence at length whitish ; berries small, black, not musky. 2. V. aestivalis. Leaves glabrate, ‘sometimes slightly pubescent when young. Leaves bluish-white, glaucous beneath. 3. V. bicolor. Leaves not glaucous beneath. Leaves 3-7-lobed; lobes acute or acuminate. 4, af vulpina. Leaves sharply: dentate, seareely lobed. High-climbing; leaves large; berries sour. 5. V, cordifolia, Low; leaves small; berries aweet. * 6. V.. rupestiis. 1. Vitis Lasrusoa L. Northern Foa-grape. M. p. 614. Moist thickets. Spring. : 2. VITIS AESTIVALIS Michx. Summer Grape. M.p.614. Thickets. Spring. Philadelphia—Byberry, Mart. (B. C.), Germantown (Me.), Fairmount Park (Pr.). Bucks—Near Sellersville (Fr.), Narrowsville (Mac.), Sole; bury Twp. (Ws.). Delaware—Glenolden (Ke.), Swarthmore (Pr.),) Val- ley of Darby Creek and near Media (B. Sm.). Chester—(P.).. Lancaster —(P.). Berks—Wernersville (Te.). Lehigh—Along base of Blue Moun- tain (Kr.). Northampton—Easton, Porter (B. C.). Dauphin—(P.). 8. Vitis BIcoLoR ‘Le Conte.. Blue or Winter Grape. M. p. 614. Wobds. Summer. " Bucks—(P.). Lancaster—(P.). N a han DEN oe ). Datiphin — (Pye 7 0 EY 220 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 4. Vitis vuLPIna L. Riverside Grape. M. p. 614. .. Along rocky river- . banks. Spring. . tate " Philadelphia — Wissahickon (Je. Sy Bucks — Nockamixon, New Hope (Ws.). Montgomery—Ivy Rock (Ke.). Delaware—Concord, Crum Creek (Fu.). Lancaster—York Haven (Le.). ‘Northampton—Easton, Porter . (B. C.). 4 : : Glousest ah Weawitle (Wn.). Hunterdon—Stockton (C.). 5. VITIS CORDIFOLIA Michx. Frost ‘or Chicken trae. M. p. 615. Thickets and stream banks. Spring. ea f 7A 2h eM 6. VitTIS RUPESTRIS Scheele. Sand Grape. OM. b 615. ‘River banks. Spring. i Uae Lancaster— (P.). Desir (P.). 2. PARTHENOCISSUS Planch. 1. PARPaENOSTeSUE QUINQUEFOLIA (L. ) Planch. Virginia Creeper, American Ivy. M. - 616. Woods and-thickets. Summer. “Opiae 18. MALVALES. Stamens dn several sets 5 anthers 2-celled ; embryo. ee Fam. 1. Tiliaceae. Stamens moe apne anthers 1-celled; embryo curved. Bam 2, Malvaceae. pa ce Family 1, TILIACEAE Juss. Linden Family. 1. TILIA L. 1, Tua AmeRicANa L. Linden, Basswood. M. p. 617. Rich woods. and in cultivation. Spring. : ‘ Tra Evropara L. European igen or Lime Tree, Cultivated, Early summer. . : Family 2. MALVACEAE Neck. Mallow Family. Stamen-column anther-bearing at the summit. Carpels 1-seeded. Involucels of 6-9 bractlets. 1. ae t Involucels of 1-3 bractlets or none. Stigmas linear, on the inner side of the mye -branches. 2, Malwa. Stigmas capitate, terminal. ii 3. Sida. Carpels 2-several-seeded. 4. Abutilon. Stamen-column anther-bearing below the entire or 5-toothed summit. Carpels 1-seeded. 5. Kosteletekya. Carpels several-seeded. ‘6. Hibiscus. ° 1, ALTHAEBA L. 1, ALTHAEA OFFICINALIS L. Marsh Mallow. M. p..618. ‘Cultivated. Sum- mer. Philadelphia—Germantown (Je.). Bucks—(P.). Delaware—Lima, roadside (W. Tr.). Lancaster—(P.), MALV ACEAD. on ALTHAEA ROSEA Cav. Hollyhock.: Escaped, - Summer, ALTHAEA HIRSUTA L. Ballast. Sutmmer. Copine shania on - ay 2. MALVA 1 L, seston: heaves with 5-9 shallow, angular: lobes. Meta: id Petals 2-4 times the length of the calyx. . M. sylvesivin, Petals 1-2 times the length of the calyx. z Mu. rotun, eo. Leaves deeply 5-7-lobed or pinnatifid. 3. M. mose 1. Matva syLvestris L. M. p. 618. Waysides and waste places, Summer. Philadelphia — . Byberry, Mart. (B. C.), Walnut Lane Station (Je. ), Greenwich Point (Te.). Bucks— Hilltown ‘(Fr.). Delaware—Swarth- more (Pr.). Lancaster—(P.). Berks—(P.). Northampton— (P.). Camden —Kaighn ’g Point (He.) (Ja.). Gloucester—Mickleton (0), Monmouth clitffwood (C.). Hunterdon— Rosemont tgs ). a New Castle—Eseaped from gardens. \ . ‘ orale 2. MALVA ROTUNDIFOLIA L. Common Mallow, Cheeses. M. p- 618 Way- sides and cultivated grounds. Spring to. winter. ial 3. Matva MoscHaTa L. Musk Mallow. M. p. 619. sa from old gar- dens. Summer. Manva | oRISPx L. M.'p. 618. Escaped from gardens. Summer. Matva PARVIFLORA L. Ballast. is Camden—Kaighn’s Point (Jan). , Aiea MALVA BOREALIS Wallr. Ballast. . ‘ Camden—Camden, C. A. Boice (B. C de MALVASTRUM TRICUSPIDATUM Gray... Ballast. Camden—Camden, C. A. Boice (B. C.). ® e ts" eg cw eres i at ‘8. SIDA L. Leaves linear, ovate or oblong, toothed. pt a: 1. S. spinosa. —' wa Leaves palmately lobed or palmately veined. re ‘a Be 8. hermaphrodita. rs Sipa spinosa L. M. p. 620. Waste places. Summer. 2. Sra HERMAPHRODITA (L.) Rusby. Virginia Mallow. M. p. ‘gai. Rocky - river-banks; cultivated in old gardens. Summer. Lancaster — York Furnace, Dr. J. B. Brinton, (B. C.),' Safe Harbor (Ca.), Susqueharina Valley (Le.), Columbia (Pe.). | er Dauphin—Avbove Harrisburg (Wn.).. : Sipa RHOMBIFOLIA L. Ballast, Camden—Kaighn’s Point (Wn.). nat z bee “Be dike. Ae Ear rad : 4. ABUTILON Gaertn. 1, ABUTILON ABUTILON (14) Rugby, . indian Matlow, Velvet-leaf. Waste pisces Summer.’ TBE Rs os 5. KOSTELETZKYA Presl. - 1, KesreeTzkya Viternica (L.) A. Gray. ..M. p. 622. Marshes on the coast. Late summer. ' Lot 999 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA, Philadelphia—-Navy Yard (P.). Camden — Camden, ballast (C.)...' Salem — Hancock’s Bridge (Wa.). Cape May — Cape May (He.) (Te.), Wildwood (Ja.) (Mac.), Avalon (Ke.) (Le.), Ocean City (Pe.), Holly Beach (U. 0. 8.). , Pam. 3. .Gentianaceae. Leaves basal or alternate; corolla-lobes induplicate- -valvate in ~ the bud; marsh or aquatic herbs. Fam. “4, Menyanthaceae, Stigmas united; juice milky; ovaries 2. Styles united; stamens distinct; pollen of simple grains, am. 5, Apocynaceae. Styles distinct; stamens mostly monadelphous; pollen-grains united into waxy masses. s Fam. 6. Asclepiadaceae. Family.1, OLEACEAE Lindl. Olive Family. “3 Fruit aloculicidal capsule; leaves simple; flowers complete. 1. Syringa. Fruit a samara; leaves pinnate ; flowers mostly diwcious; corolla. want- ing. to5 5 2. Fraazinus. Fruit a drupe or berry; leaves simple. . Flowers polypetalous; petals linear. 3. Chionanthus. Flowers gamopetalous; petals not linear. 4. Ligustrum. 1. SYRINGA L. 1. Syringa vuneaRis L. Lilac. M. p. 724, Escaped from cultivation. Spring. 2. FRAXINUS L. AsH. Lateral leaflets stalked; calyx present.in the fertile flowers. « BO of the samara terete or.nearly so, the wing chiefly terminal. almost entirely | terminal. aeee? eg ee and twigs glabrous or nearly ao, 1. F Ainericana,, Foliage and twigs pubescent. 2. F. Biltmoreana. Wing manifestly extending down on the sides of the body. Wing of samara spatulate. Foliage, twigs and pedicels glabrous or very nearly so. 3. F. lanceolata. “a | Foliage, young twigs and pedicels velvety-pubescent. 4. F. Pennsylvanica. Wing of samara long-linear. 5. F. Darlingtonii. Body of the samara flat, the wing extending all around it. Se ae 6. F. quadrangulata. Lateral leaflets seasile ; calyx none; samara ‘winged all around. 7. F. nigra. 1. Fraxinus Amerioana L. White Ash. M. p. 724. Rich woods. Spring. 2. Fraxinus BILTMOREANA Beadle. M. p. 725, “Woods. Spring. Lancaster—McCall’s Ferry (P.). , 3. FRAXINUS LANCEOLATA Borck. eet be M. De 725. ie streams. Spring. . ath Philadelphia— Wissahickon (wu. Oy: 8), Raeug: (Te.). Pea Susquehanna River below Peach Bottom, Dr. Geo, Smith (B. 8m.). Gloucester—Mulliea Hill (C.), Center Square (He.). Mercer—Trenton (C.). « Hunterdon—Stockton (C.). 254 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. New Castle—Greenhauk, Commons; ‘Brandywine, Tatnall; Stanton. 4. FRAXINUS PENNSYLVANICA Marsh. Red Ash. M, p. 725. Low grounds. Spring, op : Philadelphia— Byherry, Mart..(B. C.). Bucks—Near Sellersville (Fr.), Argus (Ke.). Montgomery— Schwenksville (ee). _Delaware— Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm, ), Concord cw. Tr.).- Chester— Brandywine Creek (Sch.). Lancaster—(P.). Northampton—(P.). Gloucester—Penn’s Grove (C.), Mickleton (He.),. puener ene (Li.). New ‘Oastle—Along Brandywine. Preise: 5. FRAXINUS ‘DaRLINGTONIT ‘Britton. M. p. 725. Woods. Spring. Chester— Along the Brandywine (FL Cest.). 6. FRAxINUS QUADRANGULATA Michx:' Blue Ash. M.p. ‘725: “ Cultivated. Spring. | aa GS ais Shek altace vont 7. FRaXINUS NIGRA Marsh. Black ae M. p.'725."" Swamps and wet banks. Spring. Philadelphiia—Byberry, Mart.’ (B. C. ), Wissahickon ‘(Me.). Bucks— Near. Sellersville ((Fr.). .Delaware—Valley of: Darby cece (B. iSm.), ‘Concord (W. Tr.), north from Overbrook (VP.). Gloucester —Near Swedesboro (Li. Jie Monmouth— Freehold AC.). Hun- _ terdon—Rosemont, Pittstown (C.). New Castle—Brandywine Creek, Red Clay Creek, Carcroft. “Rare, 3. CHIONANTHUS L. 1, CHIoNANTHUS 'VircINIcA L. Fringe-tree. M. p. 726. Moist thickets. Spring. , Philadelphia—Bartram’s Garden (Ha.), Schuylkill (Sch.). Chester— Along the Brandywine .(P.). Lancaster—York Furnace (Cr.) (Li.). ~! Gloucester — Raccoon Creek above’ Swedesboro (Li.). Cumberland — Bridgeton, Millville (C,), South ‘Vineland (Je). Atlantic — Buena Vista’(C.). ; . v New. Castle— Frequent. oe | 4, LIGUSTRUM L. 1. LieustruM vuLeaRE L. Privet. M. p.:726. Esedped from cultivation. : Early ‘suinmer. .o J Family 3 LOGANIACEAE Dumort. Logania Family. nL POLYPREMUM L 1. POLYPREMUM PROCUMBENS L. M. p. 728. Dry, sandy soil. Summer. Philadelphia—Old Navy Yard, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.). Camden—Lindenwold (VP.). 2 Family 3. GENTIANACEAE Dumort. Gentian Family. Leaves normal ; eorolla-lobes convolute in the a. / Style ‘filiform; anthers usually twisting or Yeourvinng: when old. Corolla salverform. . . LL. Brythraea. Corolla rotate. es ith 2.. Sabbatia. GENTIANACEAE... ‘255 Style short, stout or none;. anthers. remaining straight. 3. Gentiana. Leaves, at least those .of; the ‘stem, reduced to scales corolla-lebes imbri- cate in the bud. » Calyx of 4 lanceolate sepals; leaves alll reduced to seales. ' 4. Bartonia, Calyx of a foliaceous- -spatulate sepals; upper leaves normal. 5. ORES: _ 1, ERYTHRABA Neck, 0! 1, ERYTHRAHA PULCHELLA (Sw.) Fries, Centaury. M, p..729. Fields and ‘ waste places. Summer. ‘ Chester—Chester Valley near Malvern: (Le.). Lancaster—Millville, A. P. Garber (B. €.), York Furnace (He.), (Ke.), Paradise (St.), on road between Safe Harbor and Lancaster (Wn.), Wakefield (Pr.). Burlington— West Creek (St.). m9 2. SABBATIA Adans. Flowers normally 4-5-parted, sometimes 6-7-parted. Branches opposite. . Style 2-parted to below the middle or nearly to the base; flowers white. ° 1. 8. lanceolata. Style 2-cleft to about the middle; flowers normally pink. «.. 2. 8. angularis. Branches alternate. / ‘Calyx shorter than the corolla; style 2-parted. ‘3. 8. stellaris. Calyx- segments iliform, as long as the corolla; style 2-clett. 4, &.. ae: Flowers normally 8- 12- -parted 3. e 6 em. broad. 5. S, dodecandra. 1. SABBATIA LANCEOLATA ° Ea T. & G. ae p. na Wet pine-barrens. Summer. . Eke Wet New Jersey—Common. ©... wt. oohi 2. SABBATIA ANGULARIS es Pureh: Hone J Pink. M. p. 780.'Rich soil. Summer. sey ey 2 : 3. SABBATIA STELLARIS Pursh. Marsh Pink. ‘M. p 730. “Salt marshes. Summer. et New Jersey—-Common. Bes New Castle—Deakynes’ Landing. 4, SABBATIA CAMPANULATA (L.) Torr. M. ‘p. 730." Brackish marshes. Summer. ; —* Bucks—Tullytown, Bristol (Ca.) (Fr.). : Burlington—Burlington, Mart: (B. C.). Camden—Ateo (U. C.'8.). Cape May—Cape May Court-house (C.), Cape May, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.), Wildwood (Mac.). Ocean—Seaside Park’ (Ha.), Point Pleasant (Te). Monmouth— Ocean’ Grove, Ocean ‘Beach, Spring Lake ’ (C:). SABBATIA DODECANDRA (L.) B. 8. P. UM. p. 781, Border of brackish ponds. Summer. _ New Jersey —Frequent, nn ? 3. GENTIANA L. -GENTIAN. Corolla without plaits or teeth in the sinuses; annuals.’ ' Corolla-lobes fringed or serrate; flowers 2-8 em. long. 1. G. crinita. Corolla-lobes with entire ior rarely, denticulate fen flowers 1-2.5 cm. long.” . &. quinquefolia. 256 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Corolla with membranous, toothed or lobed plaits in the sinuses; perennials. ‘Margins of leaves and calyx-lobes scabrous or ciliate; seeds winged. Corolla-lobes distinct, longer than or equalling the plaits. 38.4. ‘Saponaria. Corolla-lobes none or minute, the plaits very pe . G. Andrewsii. Magi of leaves and. calyx-lobes smooth or nearly a Flowers clustered, sessile, 2-bracteolate under the calyx. Corolla-lobes "ovate, twice as long as the pe leaves narrow; seeds winged. G. flavida. Corolla-lobes triangular-lanceolate ; leaves cnovaten seeds wing- less. 6. G. villosa. 4 Flowers solitary, peduncled, not bracteolate; leaves linear. 7. G. Porphyrio. 1. Gentiana crinita Froel. Fringed Gentian. M. p. 732. Low grounds. Autumn. 5 Philadelphia — Wissahickon. Bucks — Rock Hill (Cr.) (Fr.) (Ke.), Buckingham Valley (Ws.). Montgomery—Schwenksville (Je.), Sumney- town (VP.). Delaware — Marple, Cheyney (Fu.), Williamson, Wawa (Sa.), Schofield’s Barrens Middletown (B. Sm.), Elwyn (U. c. 8.), Chad’s Ford (Te.), Concord (W. Tr.), Mill Creek near Haverford (Le.). Chestér—Coatesville, H. E. Stone (S8t.). Lanecaster—(P. ). Berks—(P.). Lehigh—East of Rhinetown Bridge near Jordan (Kr). Northampton — (P.). . ~ 3 - Burlington—Pemberton (©). Cine nantenaele (VP.). = Mon- ’ mouth—Keyport (C.). as ae ae ct : New Castle — Lovering.’s; Twadell’s, Tatnall;, Point Lookout, South- wood, Canby; Mount Cuba, Faulkland, Brandywine Spa, Commons. 2. GENTIANA QUINQUEFOLIA L. Ague-weed. M. p. 732. Moist hills. ‘ Autumn, : iC Sh es shod eo oth a atk Bucks— Durham, Ruth (Fr). Lehigh—Lehigh River below, Allentown (Kr,)., .Morthampton—Easton, Porter (B.C.). Monmouth— Freehold (C.). Mercer—Hightstown (C. J 3. GENTIANA SaponaRiA L. Soapwort Gentian. M. p. 733... Wet soil. Autumn. 1d Bucks—Tullytown (Ja.). -Montgomery—Edge Hill (Je.) (Re.), Wil- low Grove (U. C. 8.). Delaware—Haverford (Le.), Swarthmore (Pr.), Tinicum (B. Sm.), Chad’s Ford (Te.), Concord (W. Tr.). Chester — (P.). Lancaster—Smithville (Ca. Yi York Furnace (Cr.). Dauphin— Cold Spring (P. Ys “ ‘aes Burlington—Medford (Br,), Moorestown (Sts.). Camden—Kaighn i) Point, C. A. Boice (B. C.), Berlin (Te.), Clementon, Lindenwold (VP.). _ Atlantie—May ’ s Landing (Le.). Monmouth— Serisannizig River, Shark River (C.). “Mercer—Trenton, Princeton (C.). Hunterdon—Rosemont (C.). , New Castle—Hand’s, Thompson’s, P. Clark ’s, ete. Frequent, 4, GENTIANA ANDREWSII Griseb. Closed Gentian. M. p. 733. Moist ground. Autumn. 5. GENTIANA FLAVIDA A. Gray. M. p. 733. Moist soil. Autumn. Bucks—Durham, Ruth (P. ). Lehigh— (P. ). 6.. GENTIANA VILLOSA L. M. p. 733. ‘Shaded places. Autumn. MENYANTHACEAE. 257 Bucks~Buckingham Valley, C. A. Boice (B. C.). Delaware—Darby Creek below Kellyville, Dr. Geo. Smith (B. Sm.), near Media (Fu.), Elwyn (U. C.'S.).§° Chester—W. Bradford Twp. (St.). - Lancaster—(P.). Berks—(P.). Cumberland—Bridgeton (C:). New Castle—Brandywine, Tatnall; Centerville, Greenbank, Commons; Townsend, Canby, i 7. GENTIANA PorPuyrio J. F. Gmel. M. p. 734. Moist pine-barrens. Autumn. Burlington—‘‘The Plains’’ (Br.) (St.), Atsion. Atlantie—Egg Har- bor, Mullica River (C.), Hammonton (Je.), May’s Landing , (Li. ), El- wood (Te.). , 4. BARTONIA Muhl. 1. Bartonia Vircinica (L.) B.S. P. M.-p. 735. Open woods. Late summer. 5. OBOLARIA L, 1, Oponaria Virernica L. Pennywort. M. p. 735. Moist woods. Spring. Philadelphia — Limekiln Pike and County Line (Je.), Wissahickon (He.) (Me.).. Bucks—Argus, Rock Hill (Fr.), Tylersport (Ja.), Sole- bury Twp. (Ws.). Montgomery—Bryn Mawr (Ha.) (Ke.), Wynnewood (Re.), Chelten Hills (Te.). Delaware—Swarthmore, Dr. J. B. Brinton (Ke.) (St.), Radnor (Cr.), Wawa (Sa.), Concord (W. Tr.). Chester— Falls of French Creek (Ja.), Devon, _H. A. Lang (VP.), Westtown (Le.). Lancaster — York Furnace (Cr.). Berks — (P.).. Lehigh — Near St. Luke’s Hospital (Kr.). Northampton—(P.). . Camden—Haddonfield (C:). Gloucester—Swedesboro (Li.). Salem— Salem (C.). Mercer—Asylum, Princeton, Lawrenceville (C.). Somerset Rocky Hill (C,).. _ Hunterdon—Bloomsburg, Lambertville, Rosemont (C.). New Castle — Brandywine, Faulkland, Iron Hill, Canby and Tatnall. Frequent. — Family 4. MENYANTHACEAE G. Don. Buckbean Family. Leaves 3-foliolate; swamp plant. : 1. Menyanthes. Leaves simple, entire, cordate, floating. 2. Limnanthemum. 1. MENYANTHES L. 1, MENYANTHES TRIFOLIATA L. Buckbean. M. p. 736. Bogs. Early sum- mer. Bucks—Rock Hill (Cr.) (Fr.). Lancaster—Near Lancaster (Ca.). Gloucester—Repaupo (Cr.). ; New Castle—Thompson’s, Tatnall. Probably now extinct. 2. LIMNANTHEMUM &. G. Gmelin. 1, LIMNANTHEMUM LACUNOSUM (Vent.) Griseb. Floating Heart. M. p. ' 736. Shallow water. Summer. Bucks—Bristol, Mart. (B. C.) (Te.), Burlington—Atsion (Fr.) (Te.), Quaker Bridge (Pr.) (Te.). Glouces- ‘ter—Center Square (He.), Malaga (Ha.), near Swedesboro (Li.). Salem 258 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. —Woods Mills (Wa.). Cumberland—Vineland (Re.). Atlantic—Ham- monton (Cr.). (Je.), Egg Harbor, extinct (Wn.). Ocean—Point Pleasant (Wn.). Monmouth—Spring Lake (Wn.). Mercer—Princeton Junction (C.). Family 5. APOCYNACEAE Lindl. Dogbane Family. Leaves alternate; erect herbs. 1, Amsonia, Leaves opposite; vines or herbs. Flowers large, axillary, solitary. 2. Vinea. Flowers small, cymose. Erect or diffuse herbs; corolla campanulate to urceolate. 2B 3. Apocynum, ; ' High-climbing vinés; corolla funnelform. 4. Trachelospermum. \1, AMSONIA: Walt, 1. AMsonia Amsonia (L:) Britton. M. p. 737. Cultivated; residue of nurseries. Spring. 2. VINCA L. 1. Vinca MINOR L. Periwinkle.. M. p. 738. Eseaped from cultivation. _ Spring. . "3, APOCYNUM L. Doepans. Corolla 5-9 mm. long, its lobes spreading or recurved. 1. A. androsaemifolium. Corolla 3-4.5 mm. long, its ities erect or nearly so. . Leaves and cymes glabrous, or somewhat pubescent. Leaves petioled, mostly narrowed at the base.’ Leaves ovate-oblong to lanceolate, 2-4 times as long as wide; flowers green to whitish. | 2. A. cannabinun... Leaves oblong-lanceolate, 4-6 times as long as wide; flowers _ white. 3. A. album. Leaves sessile or very nearly so, mostly cordate-clasping or obtuse at the base. 4. A. hypericifolium. Whole ‘plant, including the cymes, densely pen ene . A. pubescens. . 1. APOCYNUM ANDROSAEMIFOLIUM L. Honey Bloom. M. p. 738. Borders .of thickets and, fields. Early summer. _ - a 2. APOCYNUM CANNABINUM L. Indian ve , M. j i: 739. - Fields and thickets. Summer. 3. APOCYNUM ALBUM Greene, M. Pp 739. On river-shores and similar situations. Summer. Bucks—(P.). Lancaster—(P.). Northampton—(P.). 4. APOCYNUM HYPERICIFOLIUM eae M. p. 739. Dry soil or along ‘streams. Summer. va Salem—Banks of Delaware ray: New Castle—Hamburg Cove, Edgemoor. 5. APOCYNUM PUBESCENS R. Br. M..p. 739. 4. .-: , . New Jersey—Common throughout the state (Gr). a ‘New Castle—Similar situations as A. _cannabinum, Jessups. _ _ Not ‘rare. 4, TRACHELOSPERMUM Lemaire. 4, TRACHELOSPERMUM DIFFORME (Walt.) A. Gray. M. p. 739. Damp grounds. Summer. “i \ ASCLEPIADACEAE. 239 Philadelphia—Gibson’s Point (Mac.). Delawane—lansdowne «on the railroad (Pe.). Hosta d New Castle—Cedar Swamp, Townsend, Commons. : Family 6. ASCLEPIADACEAE Lindl. Milkweed Family. Erect or decumbent herbs. , ae hoods each with an. ineurved horn within ; leaves mostly. 0 oppo- site 1. Ascle ras, Corona-hoods ' unappendaged or with a thickened, crest-like keel ;' leaves opposite or alternate., ; 2. Acerates. Twining vines. Anthers tipped with a scarious membrane; pollen- -masses pendulous. . , 3. Cynanchum. Anthers merely \tipped; pollen-masses horizontal. .. 4: Vincetowicum. 1. ASCLEPIAS L. MILKwEsp. Corolla and corona orange; leaves alternate or opposite. Stem -erect or ascending ; . leaves nearly ,all alternate. 1. A. tuberosa. Stem eet leaves, at least the’ OBE opposite, oblong or oval. ; go Beal 3 : 2. A. decumbens. |: Oorolla bright ‘red or purple; leaves abpontte, Flowers 2-4 mm. broad; corona-hoods 4-6 mm. high. Leaves lanceolate or linear; hoods’ oblong, obtuse. P34 3. A. Vamerpotates. Leaves ovate. or ovate- lanceolate ; hoods lanceolate. ‘4. A, rubra. Leaves pat ovate or ovate- nop hoods oblong, acutish. 5. A. purpurascens. _ Flowers 4- 6 mn. ‘broad; corona: heads 2 3 mm. high. Plant’ nearly or quite glabrous; leaves lanceolate or ,oblong- -lanceo- late. 6. A. incarnata. Plant pubescent; leaves oblong. 7. A. pulchra. Oorolla greenish, purplish, yellowish or white; leaves opposite or verticillate. Leaves ovate, oblong, ovate-lanceolate, obovate or orbicular. Plants glabrous ‘throughout, or minutely ‘pubescent above. Leaves sessile, anaping, or very short-petioled. i: | 8. A. ampleaicaulis. att . Leaves manifestly petioled, . _ Corolla greenish; umbels loose ; pets drooping, . A. exaliata.’ Corolla white; umbels dense. 10. A, variegata, ‘Corolla pink; some of the leaves verticillate in 4’s. 11. A., quadrifolia. Plants at least the lower surfaces of the leaves, canescent or tomen- tos 12, A. Syriaca. Leaves Tatiseolate, oblong-lanceolate or linear. 13. (A. verticillata. 1, ASCLEPIAS TUBEROSA L, Butterfy- weed, Pleurisy-roat. M. p. 741. ‘Dry fields. Summer. © Philadelphia — Byberry, Mart. (B. C. ae below “Gray 'g ‘Ferry Station, ‘West Fairmount Park (Mac.). Bucks—Sellersville ‘(Fr.), Buckingham ‘(Ws.). Montgomery:— Shannonville (Cr.), Bryn Mawr (Gi.), Spring Mill (Ha.). Delawore—Collingdale, H. C. Barker (B. C.), Williamson (Ke.), Swarthmore (Pr/), near Media (B. ‘Sm.), Concord (W. Tr.). Chester—Near Westtown (Le.): Lehigh—Coplay (Kr.). Northampton— Baston, Porter (B. C.). : é \ 260 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. . New Jersey—Common. New Castle—Frequent. 2. ASCLEPIAS DECUMBENS L. M. 'p. 741. Dry fields. Summer. Lancaster—(P.). Northampton— oe os New Jersey—Frequent. 3. ASCLEPIAS LANCEOLATA Walt. M. p. 741. Wet pine-barrens. Summer. * Cape May—Anglesea (C.), Cape May (Cr.) (He.) (Te.). . Ocean— _ Forked River (Br.), Point Pleasant (Br.) (Te.), Manahawken (C.). 4, ASCLEPIAS RUBRA L. M. p. 742. Moist soil. Early summer. Philadelphia—Chestnut Hill (Je.). Bucks— Bristol (Fr.). Montgom- ery—Edge Hill (Me.) (St.). Delaware— —Upper Darby (Fu.), Lansdowne ' (Pe.), near Clifton (B. Sm.).. Chester—(P.). Lancaster—Smithville (Ca.). New Jersey—Common. New Castle—Thompson’s, Moore’s, ete. : 5. ASCLEPIAS PURPURASCENS L. Purple Milkweed. M. p. 742. Dry : ‘ground. Summer. Se HeiBicdie ha a 6..ASCLEPIAS INCARNATA L. Swamp Milkweed. M. p. 742. Swamps. Summer. Oe oS oer a ae iy 7. ASCLEPIAS PULCHRA Ehrh. Mu. p. 742. Moist fields and swamps. Sum- mer. - 8. ASCLEPIAS AMPLEXICAULIS J. E. Smith. M. p. 742. Sandy woods and fields. Summer. “" : ae ate Philadelphia— Wissahickon (Je.). Bucks—Tullytown (Cr.). Delaware —Tinicum, Swarthmore (Pr.). Chester—W. Bradford Twp. (St.). Lan- caster—(P.). oon New Jersey—General. New Castle—Scarce. : 9. ASCLEPIAS EXALTATA (L.) Mubl. Poke Milkweed. M. p. 743. Moist copses. Summer. 2 4 Philadelphia— Wissahickon and Fairmount Park, Wister (Re.). Bucks —Near Sellersville (Fr.), Byeot (Ja.) (U. ©. S.), New Hope (Sts.), Kintnersville (VP.). Montgomery — Green Lane (Br.), Shannonville (Cr. ds Walnut Hill (Ja.). .Delaware—Darby, Crum and Ridley Creeks (Fu.), Lansdowne (Pe.), Swarthmore (Pr.); Concord (W. Tr.), Walling- ford (Wn.). Chester—W. Bradford Twp. (St.), Paoli (Te.). Lancaster —York Furnace (St.). Berks—Hamburg, Reading (Wn.). Lehigh— Low Hill (Kr.). Northampton—Pen Argyl (Li.).. Dauphin—Steelton (Wn.). Burlington— Moorestown (G). Atlantic—Egg Harbor (Le.). New Castle—General but not common. 10, ASCLEPIAS vARIEGATA L. M. p. 743. Dry woods and thickets. Summer. Philadelphia — Germantown (Br.). Bucks.— Buckingham, Solebury (Ws.). Montgomery— Willow Grove (VP.). Delaware—(P.). Chester —(P.). Lancaster—(P.). Northampton—(P.). Burlington—Burlington, Medford (Br.), Moorestown, Birmingham (C.). Camden—Camden (C.). Gloucester—Mickleton (C.). * Cwmberland— ASCLEPIADACEAE, 261. Vineland (C.). Atlantic — Hammonton (C.). Monmouth — Smithville (C.). Mercer—Princeton (C.). Middlesex—South Amboy (C.). Som- ‘erset—Peapack (C.). EPP. —s ) = 11. ASCLEPIAS QUADRIFOLIA Jacq. M..p. 743. Dry woods and hills, Early summer. ‘ 12. Asciepias Syriaca L. Common Milkweed. M. Pp: 743. Fields and waste places. Summer. : 13, ASCLEPIAS VERTICILLATA L. M. p. 744. Dry fields and hills.’ ‘Summer. Philadelphia— Wissahickon (Me.). Bucks—Nockamixon (Fr.). Dela- ware—Barrens of Middletown, Williamson (Cr.)', Tinicum ‘Twp. (Fr.), Media (Pr.), Elwyn (U. C. S.), Glen Riddle (St.), Castle Rock (VP.), Cheyney (Ws.). Chester — Westtown (Ha.) (Le.), near West Chester (Sa.). Lancaster— (P:): “Eiigh— Unionville (ir). ) MN ete (P.). Burlington—Medford (Br. ) : ‘Buringiara (C.) J Oliphant 8 Mills wa.) _ Camden — Berlin (Br.), Kaighn ’s Point (C.). Gloucester — Glassboro, Ciarksboro (C. .), near Mickleton (He. ) 5 ‘Swedesboro (Li.). Cumberland— Millville (Je.), Bridgeton (C.). Cape Mia Nuseatioe (St. ).; Monmouth —Holmdel, Red Bank, Leedsville, Freehold '(C.). : New Castle—Serpentine Barrens, Brown ’s, _Dixon’s, Commons. 2. ACERATES Ell. 1, ACERATES VIRIDIFLORA (Raf,) Eaton. Green Milkweed. M. p. 746, , Dry soil. .Summer. . : ei Philadelphia—East of George’s Hill Reservoir (Mae,). ' Bucks—B8el- lersville (Fr.). Montgomery—Shannonville (Cr.), , Sumneytown (VP.). _ Delaware—Swarthmore, Williamson, Media, Dr. Geo. ‘Smith (Fu. Dy Glen Riddle (Le.) (St.),:Crum Creek, Bethel (Sch.), Concord (W. Tr.). Ches- ter—(P.). Lancaster—(P.). Berks—Monocacy (Me.). Northampton —Easton, Porter (B.'C.). ‘ Hunterdon—Barbertown, Kingwood, High Bridge, Holland (C. ji, , “Lam- bertville (Ws.). | Monmouth—Black’s Mills (C.). .Mercer—Pennington (C.). Middlesex—Franklin Park (C.). Somerset—Pleasant Plains (C.). New Castle — Newark, Kilvington, Mill Creek, Michener, Centerville, Oakhill, Stanton, Comimucsirs McKee’s, Iron Hill. ld. ACERATES VIRIDIFLORA IvestI Britton. M. p. 746. Range of type. Summer. Philadelphia— East of George ’s Hill Reservoir (Mae. ). Bucks—Sellers- ville (Fr.).- 3. CYNANCHUM L. 1. CYNANCHUM NicrUM (L.) Pers. Black Swallowwort. M. p. 747. Es- caped from gardens. Summer. : Philadelphia — Bartram’s Garden, Woodlands Cemetery (Te.), below iGray’s Ferry (Wn.). Delaware—Media. (Gi.), Darby Creek and Bryn Mawr Avenue (Le.), escaped from Painters’ Arboretum (S. Tr.), Middle- town (W. Tr.). 262 - FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA, Bed 4. VINCETOXICUM Walt. | “ys 1. VinceToxicum oBLiquum (Jaeq.) Britton: ‘M. p. 748. Thickets. Sum- mer. 'Philadelphia—Fairmount Park,. Manayunk, Dr. J. B. Brinton (He.), Belmont (Te.), mouth of Wissahickon, not seen recently (Wni). Mont- ,gomery—Lafayette, Ivy Rock (Wn.).. Delaware (P.),.. Chester—Green- | tree (Te.), Valley Forge (VP.). Lancaster—(P.). PrripLoca Grazca L. Cultivated: , ‘ Philadelphia—Byberry, Mart. (B. C.). Delaware—Painters’ Arboretum: ee , ” “ Soler 5. ‘POLEMONIALES. Corolla regular (irregular in Eehium of Boraginaceae). . Ovary: not 4-lobed, the carpels not ee as: distinct nutlets é maturity. Ovary 2- celled, rarely, 3-4-celled; style i, entire, 2- cleft or 2- parted ; "mostly twining vines, ; 4 eyhh Leaves normal. Fam..'1. Convolvulaceae. White or yellowish parasitic vines, the leaves, reduced! to minute scales. Fam. 2, ,.Cusautaceae.. Ovary 3:celled; stigmas 3, linear; herbs, not twining. Fam. 3. Polemoniaceae. Ovary 1-celled; style 1-2-lobed' or ‘parted; herbs, not twining. Fam. 4. Hydrophyllacege. , Ovaty' deeply 4-lobed around the’ style, or not lobed ‘ (Heliotropium) ; carpels separating as nutlets. Fam. 5) '“Bordginaceae. Corolla irregular, more or less 2-lipped (regular in Solanaceae, Menthe, and -Lycopus, and, nearly or quite so,in Verbena). Carpels 1-2-seeded. Ovary not lobed, 2-4-celled, ae style apical; ‘carpela separating’ into l-seeded nutlets. Fam. 6. Verbenaceae. ° Ovary 4-Iobed. around the style; the lobes ripening into 1-seeded nutlets: Fam. 7. Labiatae.. Carpels several-many-seeded (2-seeded in some Acanthaceae). Fruit a berry, or more’ commonly a capsuld, which is' 1-2-celled, 2- valved, cireumscissile; or Teregubirly pevene: not elastically dehiscent. . . Plagentae axile., Ovary 2-celled, or rarely 3- 5-celled. Flowers regular ; fertile stamens 5: ‘(4 in Petunia) ; fruit a berry or capsule. "Fam. 8 Solanaceae. Flowers more or less irregular ; fertile stamens 2 or ne '4:(5 in Verbaseum) ;' fruit a capsule. Fam. 9, Scrophulariaceae. Ovary 1-celled; marsh or aquatic herbs with flowers on scapes. Fam. 10. Lentibulariaceae. Placentae parietal. ' Herbs, parasitic’on the roots of ‘other’ plants, the leaves reduced to scales, not. green; ovary 1-celled. +11. Orobanchaceae. Trees, vines, shrubs, or herbs, the foliage normal. Trees, shrubs, or woolly vines; capsule 2-celled; seedis winged: '» ‘Fam. 12, ‘Bignoniaceae, Opposite- Jeaved hecbas capsule 1-celled; seeds wing- less. Fam. 13. Martyniaceae. CONVOLVULACEAE. 263: Capsule completely 2-celled, elastically loculicidally dehiscent ; oppo- site-leaved herbs; placentae axile. Fam..14.; Acanthaceae. , Ovary and fruit 1-celled with 1 erect orthotropous ovule and seed; herb ‘ " with spicate flowers and reflexed fruits. Fam. 15. 'Phry ymdceae. Family 1. CONVOLVULACEAE Vent. Morning-glory Family. Style '2-cleft or 2-parted.: 1. Breweria. . Style entire up to the stigma. Stigma or stigmas capitate or globose. _ Corolla salverform ; stamens and style exserted. ‘2. Quamoelit. * Corolla funnelform OE campanulate; stamens and style included. ‘ 3. Ipomoea. . " Stigmas 2, filiform to oblong. 4, CGannciniats AN oy 1. BREWERIA R. Br. 1. BREWERIA PICKERINGI (M. A. Curtis) a Gray. ,, M p., 750. Dry pine- barrens. Summer. Burlington— Atsion, Quaker Bridge (C.). Atlantic—Along Little Egg Harbor ‘River '(C.);°Pleasant Mills on the Mulliea River, Dr: J. B. Brin- ton (He.). 2. QUAMOCEIT Moenck. 1. QUAMOCLIT coccINEA (L.) Moench. Small Red Morning Glory. M. p. 751, Waste and cultivated ground. Escaped. Summer and fall. 3. IPOMOEA L. Morwine Guory. |, Ovary 2-celled (rarely 4-celled) ; stigma entire or 2-lobed. Perennial from an enormous root; corolla 5-8'cm: long. 1. 2. pandurata. Annual; roots fibrous; corolla 8-20 mm. long, white. 2. I. nounpas: Ovary 3celled; stigmas 3; leaves cordate; annuals, © “ Leaves entire; corolla 5-7 em. long. 3. I. eivniran Leaves deeply 3-lobed@, corolla 2.5-4 em. lomg. , 4. I. hederacea. 11. IpoMOEA PANDURATA (L.) Meyer. Wild Potato-vine, Man-of-the-Earth. M. P. 752. Dry ground. Summer. 2, IPOMOEA LAcUNOSA L. M. P. 752. Moist soil. Summer. Lancaster—York Furnace. i Camden—Petty’s Island, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.). Gloucester— Westville, one plant (Wn.). Monmouth—Cliffweod (C.). : Y 3, IPOMOEA PURPUREA (L.) Roth. Common Morning Glory. M. p.. 752. : Waste places. Escaped. Summer. : Va 4. seh HEDERACEA ey, M. ‘p. 752; Fields and waste ideas eae Balt qe es Ort 6 Sed pee pis” iG oy Ipomona SAGITTATA Gray. Ballast. é a Philadelphia—Below Old Navy Yard, Mart: (B. C.). oe ‘4. CONVOLVULUS L. Calyx with 2 large bracts at the base,' which enclose it. Stems trailing or climbing. 1.-C. sepium. Stem erect or ascending; flowers white; ,bracts . not oe C. spithamaeus. Calyx not bracted; peduncle bracted at"the stmmit, °" | 4 C: arvensis. / 264 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA, 1. ConvOLVULUS sEPIUM L. Hedge Bindweed., M. p. 753. Moist fields and thickets. Summer. 2. CONVOLVULUS SPITHAMAEUS L. Upright Bindweed. M. p. 753. Dry, sandy or rocky soil. Summer. Philadelphia—Byberry, Mart. (B. C.), Germantown (8t.). Bucks— Rock Hill (Cr.), Pipersville, Sellersville, Pineville (Ws:); Glenlake (Ke.). Delaware—Near Haverford (Mac.), Lansdowne (Pe.), Swarthmore (Pr.), Middletown (B. Sm.), Concord (W. Tr.). Chester—(P.). Lanecaster— (P.). Lehigh—East of Allentown (Kr.). Northampton—(P.). " Salem—Riddleton (Li.) (Mac.) (Wn.). Cumberland— Vineland (C.). Somerset —Peapack, Rocky Hill (C.). Hunterdon—Rosemont, Lambert- ville (C.). : i a i New Castle—General and frequent. 3. CONVOLVULUS ARVENSIS L. Small Bindweed. M. p. 753. Fields and waste places. ‘Summer, ; eye Family 2, CUSCUTACEAE Dumott. Dodder Family, 1. CUSCUTA L. DoppEr. Corolla-scales crenulate; stigmas: slender; capsule circumscissile. 1. C. Epilinwm. Corolla-scales fringed ; stigmas capitate; capsule indehiscent. Sepals united. below into a gamosepalous calyx. : Flowers very nearly sessile; corolla persistent at the base of the capsule. Corolla- seales ovate, fringed 'all around; calyx-lobes obtuse. . 2. C. arvensis. + Corolla- scales abortive, or of a few processes; calyx-lobes acut- Peg ish. _. - 3. C. Polygonorum. Flowers distinetly: pedicelled ; ‘corolla enclosing or capping the eap- a gaia sule, or at length deciduous. Scales small, irregularly fringed; capsule depressed-globose. 4. C. Cephalanthi. Scales long, fringed mainly -above; capsule eer é . C. Gronovii. Sepals separate, subtended by sitniine bracts, . C. compacta. 1. CuscuTa EPILINuM Weihe. M. p. 754. Flax fields. Summer. Bucks—Plumsteadville :(Fr.). Chester— - zs Lancaster—(P.). New Castle—Centerville,. Commons, a 2. CUSCUTA ARVENSIS Beyrich. M: P. 755. Rather dry soil on various low plants. Summer. | Philadelphia — Fairmount Park ene Bucks — Sellersville (Fr:), Kintnersville (P.). Lancaster—(P.). water. Cow vVEHO , Gloucester —Swedesboro (Li.).. CRBS. May—Cape May, Mart. (B. C.). Atlantic — Hammonton (C.), Egg Harbor (Le.). Monmouth — Shark River (C.). Mercer—Trenton (C.). Hunterdon—Rosemont (C.). New Castie—On Aster, Trifolium, ete. Becoming common. 3. CuscuTa PoLyconoruM Engelm. M. p. 755. Wet places, often on Poly- ‘gonum. Summer. Lancaster—Safe Harbor (Ca. ). Dauphin—(P.). New Castle—Cherry Island, Hamburg Cove. ' POLEMONIACEAE. 265. '4,. CusouTA CEPHALANTHI Engelm. M. p..755. On shrubs and tall herbs. Summer. on » oval Lancaster — Shock fe Mills (Ca. ), York Furnace. (Cr.). Nonthampton— Easton, Porter (B. C.). Dauphin—Harrisburg, Porter (B.,C.). ., Burlington — Quaker, Bridge, (C. de Gloucester — Swedesboro (Li.).. Ocean—Toms River (C.). Pe KY ~ / 5. Cuscuta Gronovi Willd. M. p. 755,, On herbs, and low shrubs,,., Sum- ’ _ mer. oa 6. Cuscura compacta Juss. M. p. 756. Damp “woods on shrubs. _ Summer. Bucks—Nockamixon (P.),, Delaware—Tinicum (P. ) 7 Burlington — Pemberton (Te. ys Camden — Camden, ‘Mart. (B ©), Laurel Springs (Gi. ); Ancora (Te). . Gloucester _ Swedesboro ‘(Li.), Westville (Wn.). ,Salem— Woodstown, common (Wa.). Atlantic—_New Germany (Fr. ), Hammonton (Pr.), May: *g Landing (Te.). Middlesex— Metuchen (C.). % » New Castle— Qn Benzoin and Cephalanthus. Family 3) POLEMONIACEAE DO., Phlox Family. Calyx distended: and at length ruptured by the ripening capsule. ’. Leaves opposite, entire. 1. Phlox. .,, Leaves alternate, pinnately divided. 2. Gilia, alyx not distended nor ruptured by the capsule; leaves alternate. 3. Polemonium. 1, PHLOX L. Leaves flat, ovate, oblong, lanceolate or linear. Cymes "panicled; flowers short-pedicelléd or sessile. Calyx-teeth subulate. 1..P. paniculata. Calyx-teeth lanceolate, acute; aenres Pence to ovate, acuminate. 2. P. maculata. Cymes corymbose, simpie, or ove scattered, : led erect’ or ascending; no prostrate, sterile shoots. me ‘8, P. pilosa. Sean, ascending or reclining; sterile dhonke prostrate. 4. P. diwaricata, Leaves subulate, fascicled or crowded; plants low. 5. P. subulata. 1. Eaux PANICULATA L. Garden ls a Ms, ?p 757. Woods and thickets; “escaped. Summer. BO SES wo Philadelphia — Wissahickon (Je.),' Bartram’s Garden (Te.). Bucks— Plumsteadville (Fr.). Montgomery—Shannonville (Cr.). 'Delaware— | Lansdowne (Pe.). Lancaster—York Furnace (Ja.) (Ke.) (Li.). North- ampton—(P.). Dauphin—(P.). New Jersey—Frequent. | 2. PHiox Macutata L; Wild Sweet-William. M. p. 757. Rich woodlands and along streams. Summer. - 3. PuLox PItosa L. M. p. 758. Dry or sandy woods. Spring. Bucks. —.Nockamixon, Hilltown (Fr.). Montgomery — Sumneytown (VP.). Delaware — Williamson (Cr.) (Pr. ), Upper Providence (Fu.) (B. Sm.); Chrome Run, Middletown (B. Sm.), Glen Riddle (Sts.), Edg- mont (W. Tr.). Chester— Westtown (Ha.). Lancaster—(P.). Lehigh— (Kr.). Northampton—(P.). : 266 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. ‘Burlington — Burlington, Moorestown’ (C.). Gloucester — Woodbury (C.). Mercer—Princeton (C.). Middlesex—New Brunswick (C.). Hun- terdon—Lambertville, Rosemont, Hapa: (C.). New Castle—General but rare. 4, Putox pivaricaTa’L. Wild Blue Phlox. M. p. 758. Rocky, damp woods. Spring. Chester—(P.). Lancaster—York Furnace. Dauphin—Steelton (Wn.). 2: PHILOX SUBULATA L. Ground or Moss Pink. M. p. 759. Dry or rooky soil. Spring. _ Bucks — Bedminster (Fr.), Narrowsville (Ja.) (Mae.), Neshaminy, Doylestown (VP.), Lahaska (Ws.). Montgomery—Shannonville (Cr.), Areola (Mar.). Delaware—Middletown (Fu.) (B. Sm.), Media (Gi.), Elwyn (Pe.), Wawa (Sa.), Ridley Creek above Media, Chrome Run’ (B. Sm.), Pink Hill near Lima (Wn.).' Chester—Phosnixville, Mart. (B. C.), Birmingham (Le.) (W. Tr,), West Chester (Pr.). Lancaster — (P.). Lehigh—Low Hill (Kr.). Berks—Reading (Me.). Northampton—(P.). Burlington — Vincentown, Evansville, Birmingham, Moorestown (C.), Cinnaminson (Sts.). Camden — Near Merchantville (Ha.), Blackwood (Je.) (Re.), East Camden (Te.). Gloucester—Mickleton (He.), Almon- esson (Je.), Swedesboro (Li.). Hunterdon — Milford, Rosemont (C.), Lambertville (Ws.), Monmouth — Red Bank (C.). Mercer — Trenton (C.). Middlesexc—New ‘Brunswick (G.). 2. GILIA R. & P. 1. Gmuia RuBRA (L.) Heller. M. p. 760. Cultivated and escaped. .Cumberland— Manumuskin, 3. POLEMONIUM L, 1, PoLEMoNIUM REPTANS L. Greek Valerian. M. p. 761, Woods. Spring. Pennsylvania— General. . Camden—Between Camden and Haddonfield (C.). Mercer—Borden- ~ town (C.). aa Family 4. HYDROPHYLLACEAE Lindl. Water-leaf Family. Corolla-lobes convolute in the bud; oe dilated. Stamens exserted. / . Whe Hydrophyllum, Stamens not exserted. 2: Macrocalya. Corolla-lobes imbricated in the bud; placentae: narrow. 3. Phacelia. 1, HYDROPHYLLUM L. Warer-Lear. Leaves, at least the lower, ‘pinnatifid or pinnately divided. Calyx not appendaged in the sinuses or scarcely so. 1. H. Virginicum. Calyx with a ‘reflexed appendage in each sinus. 2. H. appendiculatum. Leaves palmately 5-9-lobed. 3. H. Canadense: 1. HYDROPHYLLUM ‘VIRGINICUM L. M. p. 763.. Woods. Summer, ; 2. HyDROPHYLLUM APPENDICULATUM Michx.. M. p. 763. Woods. Summer. Lancaster—(P.). ‘ BORAGINACEAE, 267 3. HYDROPHYLLUM CANADENSE L. M. p. 763. Woods. Summer. Bucks—Nockamixon. Lancaster—Peach Bottom (Ca.), York Furnace (Cr.) oa ), island in Susquehanna below Columbia (Pr.). 2. MACROCALYX Trew. nia a 1. MacrooaLyx NycrTevea (L.) Kuntze. M. p. 764. Moist soil. Spring. Philadelphia — Girard Point (Ja.). Bucks — Opposite Trenton (P.). Lancaster—Safe Harbor, York Furnace (Pr. ys, 3. PHACELIA Juss. Corolla with entire or merely crenulate lobes. 1. P. dubia. , Corolla with fimbriate lobes. 2. P. Purshii. 1. Puacenia pupra (L.) Small. M. p. 765. Shaded banks. Spring. . Bucks — Near Telford (Fr.). Lancaster — York Furnace, Columbia, Porter (B. C.). f ; 2. PHacELIA Pursuit Buckl. M. p. 765. Moist woods or thickets. Spring. Monitgomery— Walnut Hill (VP.). Lancaster—(P.). Family 5. BORAGINACEAE Lindl. Borage Family. Ovary entire or 2-4-grooved; style terminal. 1. Heliotropium. Ovary 4-divided or deeply 4-lobed, the style arising from the center... | Flowers regular. 1 Nutlets armed with barbed prickles. Nutlets spreading or divergent, covered by the prickles. 2. Cynoglossum. Nutlets erect or eoeunyed the prickles ou their. backs or mar- gins. 3. Lappula. Nutlets unarmed. Nutlets attached laterally to the receptacle, sometimes just above their bases. Fruiting calyx not greatly enlarged nor ineaihrancie, 4, Mertensia. : "Fruiting calyx much enlarged, membranous, veiny. : 5. Asperugo.: Nutlets attached to the receptacle by their very bases. Sear of the attachment small, flat. Corolla sdlverform or funnelform, its lobes rounded or spreading. © 1 oy Racemes not bracted; : . ASTER LATERIFLORUS THYRSOIDEUS (A. Gray) Sheldon. M. p. 964. Thickets, fields, ete. Autumn. Buchs—(P.). Northampton—(P.). Camden—Delair (Ja.). Cape May—Sea Isle (He.). 33c. ASTER LATERIFLORUS GRANDIS Porter. M. p. 964. Fields, thickets, ete. Autumn. a Northampton—(P.). a 332 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 33d. ASTER LATERIFLORUS PENDULUS (Ait.) Burgess. M. p. 964. Fields, . thickets, ete. Autumn. Lancaster—(P.). 33e. ASTER LATERIFLORUS HORIZONTALIS (Desf.) Burgess. M. p. 964. Fields, thickets, ete. Autumn. Northampton—(P.). 34, ASTER VIMINEUS Lam. M. p. 964. Moist banks. Autumn. Philadelphia— West Philadelphia (Mac.), Pennypack (Re.). Bucks— Rock Hill, Point Pleasant (Fr.), Tullytown (U. C. 8.). Delaware—Wil- liamson (Ja.), Wawa (Ke.), Swarthmore (Pr.). Lancaster — (P.). Northampton— (P.). Camden — Delair (Ja.), Clementon (VP.). Gloucester — Swedesboro (Li.). Salem—Riddleton (Li.) (Wa.). Hunterdon—Rosemont (C.). 34a. ASTER VIMINEUS COLUMBIANUS Britton. M. p. 964. Moist banks. . Autumn. Philadelphia—(P.). Northampton—(P.). 35. ASTER MULTIFLORUS Ait. M. p. 964. Dry, sandy soil. Autumn. Philadelphia—West Philadelphia (Mac.). Bucks—Upper Black Eddy (Ws.). Montgomery—Shannonville (Cr.). Delaware— Williamson (Ja.). Lancaster—McCall’s Ferry (Ca.). Northampton—Easton, Porter (B. C.). Camden—Merchantville (Te.). Cape May—Cape May (Ja.). Mon- mouth—Monmouth Beach (C.). New Castle—Col. Andrews’. 36. ASTER TENUIFOLIUS L. M. p. 965. Salt marshes. Autumn. New Jersey—Common along the coast. New Castle—Thompson’s. Scarce. 37. ASTER SUBULATUS Michx. M. p. 965. Salt marshes on the coast. Autumn. Philadelphia—(P.). New Jersey—General. New Castle—Collins’ Beach, Commons; railroad wharf, Canby; south side near Market Street. ‘ 17. ERIGERON L. FLEABANE. Heads 25-37 mm. broad, few; stem simple. 1. E. pulchellus. Heads 12-25 mm. broad, numerous; stem branched. , Rays 100-150, narrow, mostly purple or violet. 2. E. Philadelphicus. Rays much less numerous, purplish or white. : Stem-leaves lanceolate, nearly all sharply serrate. 3. EB. annuus. Stem-leaves linear-lanceolate or oblong, nearly all entire. 4. E. racemosus. 1. ERIGERON PULCHELLUS Michx. Robin’s Plantain. M. p. 968. Copses and moist banks. Spring. 2. ERIGERON PHILADELPHICUS L. M. p. 968. Fields and woods. Spring. Philadelphia— Woodlands Cemetery (Gi.), Shay’s Lane, Roxboro (Je.), Fairmount Park (Te.). Bucks — Tullytown (Cr.) (Ja.), Argus (Fr.), Nockamixon (He.), Point Pleasant by river shore (Ws.). Delaware— Haverford College (Le.), Lansdowne (Pe.), near Swarthmore (Pr.), Val- COMPOSITAE. 333 ley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.), Concord (W. Tr.). Chester—Falls of French Creek (Ja.), Devon (U. C.8.). Lancaster—York Furnace, Dr. J. B. Brinton (B. C.). Northampton—Easton, Porter (B. C.). Dauphin— Steelton (Wn.). Hunterdon—Pittstown, Rosemont (C.). Mercer—Trenton. New Castle—Hastburn’s, Harvey’s. Scarce. 3. ERIGERON ANNUUS (L.) Pers. Daisy Fleabane. M. p. 969. Fields and waste places. Spring to fall. 4, ERIGERON RAMOSUS (Walt.) B.S. P. Daisy Fleabane. M. p.969. Fields. Spring to fall. 18. LEPTILON Raf. 1, LEpTiLoN CANADENSE (L.) Britton. Horse-weed. M. p. 970. Cultivated ground and waste places. Spring to fall. 19. DOELLINGERIA Nees. Leaves lanceolate to ovate; heads mostly numerous. Leaves lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, acuminate. 1. D. wmbellata. Leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acute. 2. D. humilis. Leaves, at least the lower, obovate; heads commonly few. 3. D. infirma. 1. DoELLINGERIA UMBELLATA (Mill) Nees. M. p. 970. Moist thickets. Summer and fall. 2. DOELLINGERIA HUMILIS (Willd.) Britton. M. p. 970. Moist soil. Late summer. Delaware—Darby (Fu.). Lancaster—(P.). Atlantic—May’s Landing (C.), Egg Harbor (Mac.). 3. DOELLINGERIA INFIRMA (Michx.) Greene. M. p. 970. Open woodlands. Autumn. Philadelphia— West Fairmount Park (Mac.). Bucks—Rock Hill (Fr.). Delaware—Darby, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.), Wawa, Dr. J. B. Brinton (He.), Swarthmore (Pr.), Concord (W. Tr.). Chester—(P.). Lancaster—(P.). Northampton— (P.). Gloucester—Near Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). Mercer—Tren- ton (C.). Hunterdon—Rosemont (C.). New Castle—Hand’s, Allapokas Hills. Rather scarce. 20. IONACTIS Greene. 1, IoNACTIS LINARIIFOLIUS (L.) Greene. M. p. 971. Dry soil. Summer and fall. 21. BACCHARIS L. 1, BaccHARIS HALIMIFOLIA L. Growndsel-tree. M. p. 971. Salt marshes and along tidal rivers. Autumn. Delaware—Crum Creek, C. E. Smith (B. C.), mouth of Ridley Creek (Fu.), Marple, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.) (W. Try.), Haverford near West Chester Pike, Darby Creek (B. Sm.), Williamson, one plant (Wn.). Lan- caster—Once’ found at Pleasant Grove (Ca.). New Jersey—Common. — mS New Castle—Giant’s Cave, Tatnall;. Iron Hill, Cherry Island, Commons and Tatnall; common at Collins’. 334 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 22. GIFOLA Cass. 1. Girota GermMANiIcA (L.) Dumort. Herba-impia. M. p. 972. Dry fields. Summer. . Philadelphia—(P.). Bucks—Bedminster Cemetery (Fr.). Delaware— Haverford, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.). Chester—(P.). . Lancaster (P.). Camden—Ballast (C.). Monmouth—Shrewsbury (C.). New Castle—John Talley’s. 23. PLUCHEA Cass. MarsH FLEBABANE. Perennial ; leaves sessile, cordate, or clasping at the base, 1. P. foetida. Annual; leaves, at least those of the stem, petioled. ' 2. P. camphorata. 1, PLucHEA FOETIDA (L.) B. 8. P. »M.'p. 973. Swamps. Summer. Cape May—Cape May (Ja.). 2, PLUCHEA CAMPHORATA (L.) DC. M. p. 973. Salt marshes. Autumn. Philadelphia—Miffiin Street Wharf (Ja.). Bucks—Bristol (P.). New Jersey—Common. : New Castle—Collins’ Beach. Rare. ' 24. ANTENNARIA Gaertn. Cart’s-root. EVERLASTING. Basal leaves small, 0.7-2 em. long, 1-nerved or indistinctly 3-nerved. Basal leaves spatulate, usually abruptly mucronulate. ' 1. A, neodioica. Basal leaves obovate to oblanceolate, acute or obtuse. ' 2. A. neglecta. Basal leaves large, 2-12 cm. long, distinctly 3-nerved, sometimes 5-nerved, the lateral nerves also often prominent. Plants not glandular; leaves dull and woolly on the upper surface, at least when young. Involucre of the fertile plants 6-8 mm. high. 3. A. plantaginifolia. Involucre 8-10.5 mm. high. 4, A. fallag. Plants glandular, at least above. 5. A. Parlinis. 1, ANTENNARIA NEODIOICA Greene. M. p. 975. Dry, shaded places. Spring and early summer. 2. ANTENNARIA NEGLECTA Greene. M. p. 975. Fields and pastures. Spring. 3. ANTENNARIA PLANTAGINIFOLIA (L.) Richards. M. p. 975. Sterile soil, especially in open woods. Spring. 4, ANTENNARIA FALLAX Greene. M. p. 976. Dry'soil. Spring. ‘ Mercer—Trenton. 5. ANTENNARIA Paruinit Fernald. M. p. 976. Dry soil. Spring. Bucks—Tullytown (P.). 25. ANAPHALIS DC. 1. ANAPHALIS MARGARITACEA (L.) Benth. & Hook. Pearly Everlasting. M. p. 977. Dry soil. Summer. ve "26. GNAPHALIUM L. Everuastine.. Cupweep. Tall, erect; inflorescence corymbose or paniculate; pappus-bristles distinct. 1. G. obtusifolium. Low, diffuse; inflorescence mostly capitate ; popua-belatlas distinct. G. uliginosum. Blender, simple;' heads spicate; pappus-bristles united at ie falling away in a ring. 3. G. purpurewm. COMPOSITAE. 335 1. GNAPHALIUM oBTUSIFOLIUM L. Common Everlasting. M. p. 977. Fields. Autumn. 2. GNAPHALIUM ULIGINOSUM L. Low Cudweed. M. p. 978. Low eae: ‘Summer. 3. GNAPHALIUM PURPUREUM L. .M. p. 978. Sandy or gravelly soil. .Sum- mer. GNAPHALIUM LUTEUM ALBUM L. Ballast. Summer. Camden—Kaighn’s Point (Ja.) (Wn.). 27, INULA L. 1. InuLa HELENIUM L. Elecampane. M. p. 979. Roadsides and damp pastures. Summer. Philadelphia — Byberry, Mart. (B. C.), Thorpe Lane, Wissahickon (VP.). Bucks—Ridge Valley (Fr.). Montgomery—Shannonville (Cr.), above Sumneytown (VP.). Delaware — Near Elwyn. (Fu.), Valley of Darby Creek, Dr. Geo. Smith (B. Sm.). Chester—(P.). Lancaster— (P.). Lehigh—Coplay (Kr.). Northampton—(P.). Gloucester — Near Mickleton (He.). Ocean — Point Pleasant (Wn.). Hunterdon—Clinton (Te.).. ., New Castle—State Road, Rockland, south of Blackbird. Searce. 28. POLYMNIA L. Lear-cupr. Rays commonly 12-25 mm. long’ yellow; achenes strongly striate. 1. P. Uvedalia. Rays es minute and whitish or none; achenes 3-ribbed. | / ih 2. P. Canadensis. 1. Potymyia Uvepatia L. M. p. 979. Rich soil. Summer. Montgomery—Conshohocken (Cr.) (U. ©. 8.). Delawaré—Wawa (Ja.) (B. Sm.), Concord (W. Tr.), Williamson School. (Ws.). Chester—(P.). , Lemeaster—York Furnace,''Dii' J... B.Brinton (B. 2); ‘@iisqiichanna (Le.) ; (Pr.). Berks— (P.). Northampton—Easton, ‘Porter Co C.). Dauphin —Rockville (Wn.). New Castle— —Brandywine, Woodaale. 2. PoLYMNIA Canapensis L. M. p. 980. Moist, shaded ravines. Summer. Delaware—Newtown, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.) (B. Sm.). Chester—(P.). Lancaster—Susquehanna Valley (Le.), Peach Bottom (W. Tr.). » 29. SILPHIUM L. ‘ 1. SILPHIUM PERFOLIATUM L. Rosin-weed, Cup- plant. M. p..980. Rich soil along streams; also escaped from gardens. Summer. Philadelphia—Bartram’s Garden, Woodlands Cemetery (Wn.). Dela- ware—Darby (W. Tr.). Chester—Marshallton (Pr.). Lancaster—Cul- ley’s (Br.), Tucquan (P.). a Gloucester—Near Mickleton (He.). 30. CHRYSOGONUM L. 1. Curysoconum Vireintanum,L. M. p. 982. Dry soil. Spring and summer. : Lancaster— (P.). 836 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 31, HELIOPSIS Pers. Ox-nvs. Leaves smooth or nearly so; pappus none, or of 2-4 short teeth. 1. H. helianthoides. Leaves rough; pappus crown-like, or of 1-3 sharp teeth. 2. H. scabra. 1. HELIOPSIS HELIANTHOIDES (L.) B. 8. P. M. p. 984. Banks and copses. Summer. Philadelphia— Fairmount Park (Wn.). Bucks—Near Telford (Fr.), Narrowsville (Ja.). Montgomery — Shannonville (Cr.). Delaware — Media, Lenni (Fu.), Williamson (Ke.), Swarthmore (Pr.), Valley of Darby Creek (B. Sm.). Chester—Westtown (Le.) (W. Tr.). Lancaster —(P.). Northampton—Easton, Porter (B. C.). Burlington—Crosswick’s Creek (C.). Camden—Camden (He.). Glou- cester— Westville (Li.) (Wn.). New Castle—Frequent. 2. HELIOPSIS SCABRA Dunal. M. p. 984. Dry soil. Summer. Lancaster—(P.). Northampton—Easton, Porter (B. C.). Gloucester — Washington Park (Ja.). 32. ECLIPTA L. 1. Ecuipta ausa (L.) Hassk. M. p. 984. Along streams and waste places. Summer. 33. RUDBECKIA L. COoNE-FLOWER, Disk globose or ovoid, and purple or dark brown in fruit; lower leaves entire or lobed. Lower leaves deeply 3-lobed or 3-divided. 1. RB. triloba. Leaves neither 3-lobed nor 3-divided. Plants hispid; chaff acute or acutish, hirsute at summit; style-tips subulate. Stem-leaves lanceolate, ovate to oblong; involucre shorter than the rays. , Ty atin 2. BR. hirta. - t Stem-leaves oval to obovate; involucral bracts foliaceous, nearly as long as the rays. 3. RB. Brittoni. Plants pubescent, hirsute or glabrate; style-tips obtuse. Leaves denticulate or entire; rays 1.8-2.5 em. long. 4. BR. fulgida. Leaves dentate or laciniate; rays about 3.5 cm. long. 5. BR. speciosa. Disk elongated or cylindric in fruit, yellowish or gray; lower leaves pin- nately divided or pinnatifid. 6. BR. laciniata. 1. RupBECKEIA TRILOBA L. M. p. 986. Moist soil. Summer and fall. Delaware—Darby (W. Tr.). Chester—Devon (U. C. 8.). 2. RuDBECKIA HiRTA L. M. p. 986. Meadows. Summer, 3. RupBEckIa BriTTonii Small. M. p. 987. Woods. Early summer. Lancaster—(P.). 4. RUDBECKIA FULGIDA Ait. M. p. 987. Dry soil. Autumn. Bucks—Ridge Valley, Rock Hill (Fr.), Argus (U. C.8.). Montgomery —Green Lane (VP.). Delaware—Cheyney (Fu.), Chad’s Ford (Te.), Concord (W. Tr.). Lancaster—New Texas (Pr.). Hunterdon— Rosemont (C.). New Castle—Old fields north of Wilmington; frequent. COMPOSITAE. 337 5. RUDBECKIA SPECIOSA Wenderoth. M. p. 987. Moist soil. Autumn. Philadelphia—Germantown (Me.), on the Wissahickon (P.). Delaware —Darby (W. Tr.). Chester—(P.). 6. RUDBECKIA LACINIATA L. M. p. 988. Low tiilexete, Summer. 34. HELIANTHUS L. Sunruowsr. Disk purple, purplish or brown; receptacle flat or convex. Leaves narrow, linear or lanceolate; perennials. 1. H. angustifolius. Leaves broad, ovate; annuals. 2. H. annuus. Disk yellow or ‘yellowish ; receptacle convex or conic. Leaves prevailingly ‘lanceolate and 3-8 times as long as wide. 3. H. giganteus. Leaves prevailingly ovate, ovate-lanceolate or oblong. Leaves sessile or very nearly so. Stem glabrous; leaves divaricate. 4. H. divaricatus. Stem hirsute or hispid; leaves ascending. 5. H. mollis. Leaves manifestly petioled. Stem puberulent or. glabrous. Leaves membranous, slender-petioled, sharply serrate. 6. H. decapetalus. Leaves firmer, shorter-petioled, less serrate or entire. Bracts of the involucre much longer than the disk. 7. H. tracheliifolius. Bracts of the involuere about equalling the disk. 8. H. strumosus. Stem hirsute, hispid or scabrous. 9. H. tuberosus. 1, HELIANTHUS ANGUSTIFOLIUS L. M. p. 991. Low pine-barrens. Autumn. Bucks—Bristol, Tullytown. Burlington—Atsion (Le.) (Sa.), Quaker Bridge (Pe.) (Sa.). Camden —Winslow, Mart. (B. C.), Griffith’s Swamp (C.). Gloucester — Near Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). Cumberland—Millville (Je.). At- lantic—Egg Harbor, Hammonton (Ke.). Ocean—Point Pleasant (Br.), Toms River (Ha.) (Wn.), Forked River (U. C. 8S.) (Wn.). Monmouth— Asbury Park (Br.), Seabright (C.). Mercer—Trenton (C.). New Castle — Townsend, Tatnall and Canby; Vandyke, Tatnall and Commons. 2. HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L. Common Sunflower. M. p. 991. Waste places. Summer. 3. HELIANTHUS GIGANTEUS L. M. p. 993. Low thickets and swamps. Autumn. 4, HELIANTHUS DivaRicatus L. M. p. 994. Thickets and barrens. Sum- mer. 5. HELIANTHUS MOLLIS Lam. M. p. 994. Dry, barren soil. Late summer. Delaware—Tinicum (B. Sm.). 6. HELIANTHUS DECAPETALUS L. 4M. p. 994. Copses and low banks of streams. Late summer. 7, HELIANTHUS TRACHELIIFOLIUS Mill. M. p. 995. Dry soil. Late summer. Bucks—(P.). Delaware—(P.). Northampton—(P.). 8. HELIANTHUS sTRUMOSUS L. M.'p. 995. Dry woods and banks. Summer. 8a. HELIANTHUS STRUMOSUS MACROPHYLLUS (Willd.) Britton. M. p. 995. Dry woods. Summer. 338 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Lancaster—(P.). Northampton—Easton, Porter (B. C.). 9. HELIANTHUS TUBEROSUS L. Jerusalem Artichoke. M. p. 996. Waste places. Summer. 35. VERBESINA L. CROWN-BEARD. 1. VERBESINA ALTERNIFOLIA (L.) Britton. M. p. 997. Rich soil. Autumn, Philadelphia—Gray’s. Ferry, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.) (W. Tr.), Upper Wissahickon (Je.), Woodlands Cemetery (Mac.) (Te.), Maylandville Bridge, Dr. Geo. Smith (B. Sm.). Delaware—Neéar Sandy Bank (Fu.). Chester—(P.). Lancaster—Susquehanna Valley. N orthampton— (P.). Dauphin—Steelton (Wn.). Burlington—Burlington (C.). Camden—Kaighn’s Point (Li.). New Castle—Holly Oak (U. C. 8.), Landlith. 36. COREOPSIS L. TIcKsEEp. Rays pink or occasionally white; leaves linear, entire.’ 1. C. rosea. Rays yellow throughout. Stem-leaves sessile or petioled, entire, or the lower 3-5-lobed; achenes often with a callous at each end of the inner side. 2. C. auriculata. Leaves petioled, all but the upper 3-5-divided; rays entire. 3. C. tripteris. 1, CorEoPsis ROSEA Nutt. M. p. 998. Sandy, grassy swamps. Summer. Bucks—Bristol, Mart. (B. C.). Burlington—Burlington (C.), Florence (Mac.). Gloucester—Clayton, Franklinville (C.). Cumberland—Vineland (C.). Atlantic—Egg Har- bor, Main Road Station (C.), Hammonton (Cr.). Ocean—Forked River (Ja.) (Wn.). New Castle—Sassafras X-roads, Canby. 2. COREOPSIS AURICULATA L. M. p. 999. Woods. Summer. ._Philadelphia—Bartram’s Garden (Te.). 3. COREOPSIS TRIPTERIS L. M. p. 999. Moist woods and thickets. Summer and fall. 37. BIDENS L. Plants terrestrial, erect; leaves simple or divided. Leaves lanceolate, serrate, undivided, rarely lobed. ; Rays present, large and . conspicuous, twice as long as the disk or longer. 1. B. laevis. Rays small, not more than twice as long as the disk, sometimes very short or wanting. Heads nodding after flowering. 2. B. cernua. Heads persistently erect. Pappus-awns downwardly barbed. Involueral bracts not foliaceous; stem purple; flowers orange. 2 3. B. connata. Involueral bracts foliaceous; stem straw-color; flow- ers greenish-yellow. ‘4, B. comosa. Pappus-awns upwardly barbed. 5. B. bidentoides. Leaves, some or all of them, pinnately 1-3-parted or dissected. Rays rudimentary, none, or very short. Achenes flat; leaves, some or all of them, 1-3-divided. Outer involucral bracts 4- 8; achenes nearly black. Achenes 4-4.5 mm. “long; -awns oa short; outer bracts 4. 6. B. discoidea. COMPOSITAR.. 339 Achenes 6 mm. long; awns half as long as the achene; outer bracts 6-8. 7. B. frondosa. Outer involucral bracts 10-16; achenes brown. — 8. B. vulgata. Achenes linear; leaves dissected. ‘9. B. bipinnata. Rays large and conspicuous. “ Achenes cuneate or linear-cuneate. 10. B. trichosperma. Achenes obovate, very flat. Bracts of the involucre glabrous or ciliate, short. 11. B. artstosa. Outer bracts of the involucre densely hispid, much longer than the inner. 12. B. involucrata. 1. Bivens LaEvIs (L.) B. S. P. 'Bur-Marigold. M. p. 1000. Wet places. Summer and fall. 2. BIDENS CERNUA L. Bur-Marigold. M. p. 1001. Wet places. Summer and fall. 3. BIDENS coNNATA Muhl. | ‘Begga?-ticks. M. p. 1001. Moist ground. Autumn. 4, Bivens comosa (A. Gray) Wiegand. Tickseed. M. p. 1001. Wet soil. ‘Autumn. Bucks — Sellersville (Fr.). Montgomery — (P.). Lancaster — (P.). Northampton—Easton, Porter (B. C.). New Castle— With B. connata but less common. 5. BIDENS BIDENTOIDES (Nutt.) Britton. Beggar-ticks. M.p.1001. Muddy shores. Autumn. Philadelphia—Philadelphia, Mart. (B. C.), common (Me.). Bucks— Bristol (Fr.). Delaware—Tinieum (Fu. ). Burlington — Delair (Ja.). Camden'— Camden (He.). Gloucester — Washington Park (Ja.), Bridgeport, (W. Tr.), Westville (Wn.). Salem— Shores of Delaware (C.). New Castle— Wilmington (Pr.), Delaware River, Catiby. 6. BipENS piscoipEs (T. & G.) Britton. Beggar-ticks. M. p. 1002. Wet banks and swamps. Summer. ; Bucks—Tullytown (Cr.), Bristol (Bt). Delaware—Tinicum (Fu.). Northampton—Easton (Ca.). se : Camden—Shores of Delaware (C.). Salem—Tidal banks (C.). New Castle—Townsend, Canby; Delaware River, Canby. 7. BIDENS FRONDOSA L. Common Beggar-ticks, Stick-tight.’ M. p. 1002. Moist waste places. Summer and fall. 8. BIDENS vuLGATA Greene. Beggar-ticks. M. p. 1002. Moist soil. Sum- mer and fall. , 9. BIDENS BIPINNATA L. Spanish Needles. M. p. 1002. Damp soil. Sum- mer and fall. = 10. BIDENS TRICHOSPERMA (Michx.) Britton. Tickseed a a M. p. 1002. Swamps near the coast. Autumn. Philadelphia— West Philadelphia (Mac.), Frankford (Wn.). Bucks— Bristol (Fr.). Delaware—Tinicum (Fu.) (B. Sm.). Chester—(W. Tr.). New Jersey—Frequent. New Castle—Frequent. 340 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 10a. BIDENS TRICHOSPERMA TENUILOBA (A. Gray) Britton. M. p. 1003. Swamps. Autumn, New Castle—Ogletown, west and north piers. Frequent. 14. Bivens aristosa (Michx.) Britton. M. p. 1003. Swamps. Autumn. Delaware—Lenni (W. Tr.). 12. BIDENS INvoLUCRATA (Nutt.) Britton. M. p. 1003. Swamps. Late summer. Delaware—Tinicum (P.). 38. GALINSOGA R. & P. 1 GainsoGA PARVIFLORA Cav. M. p. 1004. Waste places. Summer and fall. 39. HELENIUM L. SNEEZEWEED. Rays fertile; disk yellow. 1. H. autumnale. Rays neutral; disk purple. 2. H. nudiflorum. 1. HELENIUM AUTUMNALE L. M. p. 1010. Alluvial banks. Autumn. 2. HELENIUM NUDIFLORUM Nutt. M. p. 1010. Moist soil. Summer and fall. Philadelphia—Haddington. Montgomery—Near Ardmore (Pr.). Dela- ware—Valley of Cobb’s Creek, Dr. Geo. Smith (P.)., Chester—Atglen (St.). dla Thee dau Mer Seetieere® oF veg j é 40. ACHILLEA L. 1, AcHILLEA MILLEFOLIUM L. Yarrow or Milfoil. M. p. 1013. Fields, roadsides and waste places. Summer and fall, 41. ANTHEMIS L. Rays neutral; plant glabrous or nearly so, fetid. 1. A. Cotula. Rays pistillate; plants pubescent. 2. A. arvensis. 1. AnTHEMIs CotuLa L. May-weed. M. p. 1014, Fields, roadsides and waste places. Summer and fall. 2. ANTHEMIS ARVENSIS L. Corn Chamomile. M.p. 1014. Fields and waste places. Summer. ANTHEMIS MIxTA L. Ballast. Philadelphia—Mifflin Street Wharf (Ja.). 42, CHRYSANTHEMUM L. Heads large, few or solitary at the ends of the stem or branches. 1. C. Leucanthemum. Heads numerous, small, corymbose; plant escaped from gardens. 2. C. Parthenium. 1. CHRYSANTHEMUM LEUCANTHEMUM LL. Oa-eye or White Daisy. White- weed. M. p. 1015. Fields and meadows. Spring to fall. 2. CHRYSANTHEMUM PaRTHENIUM (L.) Pers. Feverfew. M. p. 1015. Escaped from gardens. Summer. CHRYSANTHEMUM SEGETUM L. Ballast. Camden—Camden, I. Burk (He.). COMPOSITAE. 341 43. MATRICARIA L, 1, Marricarta Inopora L. Wild Chamomile. M. p, 1016. Ballast. Sum- mer. Philadelphia—Greenwich Point (Te.). Camden—Kaighn’s Point, Mart. (B. C.) (Ja.). 44, TANACETUM L. 1, TANACETUM VULGARE L. Tansy. M. p. 1016. Roadsides, escaped from gardens. Summer. 45. ARTEMISIA L. Wormwoop. Marginal flowers pistillate; central flowers perfect, sterile. 1, A. caudata. Marginal flowers pistillate; central flowers perfect, fertile. eceptacle villous-pubescent. 2. A. Absinthium. Receptacle glabrous or sparingly pubescent. Leaves dissected, glabrous or pubescent, green, not tomentose. Leaves finely 2-3-pinnately divided; heads paniculate. 3. A. annua. Leaves pinnately divided; segments pinnatifid; heads in leafy spikes. 4, A. biennis. Leaves densely white-canescent or tomentose, at least beneath. Leaves pinnatifid or dissected. Heads 6-8 mm. broad; racemose-glomerate; sea-beach plant. 5. A. Stelleriana. Heads 2-4 mm. broad, spicate-paniculate or racemose. Leaves deeply pinnatifid, the segments mostly incised. 6. A. vulgaris. Leaves finely dissected into short, linear lobes. 7. A. Pontica. Leaves lanceolate, oblanceolate or linear, serrate, somewhat lobed or entire, not pinnatifid. 8. A. gnaphalodes. 1. ARTEMISIA CauUDATA Michx. M. p. 1018. Dry, sandy soil. Summer. New Jersey—Common in the pine-barrens, especially near the coast. . ARTEMISIA ABSINTHIUM L. M. p. 1019. Waste places and ballast. Summer. Philadelphia— Woodlands Cemetery (Gi.), Greenwich Point (Te.). 3, ARTEMISIA ANNUA L. M. p. 1019. Waste places. Summer. Bucks—Nockamixon (Fr.) (Ja.). Delaware—(P.). Northampton— Easton, Porter (B. C.). Camden—Kaighn’s Point (Ja.). New Castle—Clayton Street near Delaware Avenue, Tatnall; Brandy- wine Park, north side, F. Guiney. 4, ARTEMISIA BIENNIS Willd. M. p. 1019. Waste places. Summer. Philadelphia—Navy Yard (Ca.), Gibson’s Point (Mac.). Camden—Kaighn’s Point (Ja.) (Wn.). New Castle—New Castle, Commons. 5. ARTEMISIA STELLERIANA Bess. M. p. 1019. Escaped from cultivation, Summer. Cape May—Wildwood (Ja.) (Wn.), Sewell’s Point (VP.). Ocean— Beach Haven (Li.), Toms River (C.). Monmouth—Sandy Hook, High- lands (C.). bo 342 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. 6& ARTEMISIA vuULGARIS L. Common Mugwort. M. p. 1019. Waste places. Summer and fall. ar 7. ARTEMISIA Pontica L. Roman Wormwood. M. p. 1020. Waste places. Summer. Hunterdon—Tumble Station (C.). 8 ARTEMISIA GNAPHALODES Nutt. Western Mugwort. M. p.-1020. Bal- last. Autumn. Philadelphia—Philadelphia, I. Burk (He.). Chester—Shrack ’s Hol- low, South Valley Hill, Joseph Crosson (Windle.). : New Castle—Townsend, Canby and Tatnall. 46. TUSSILAGO L. L Tussmaco Farrara L. Colisfoot. M. p. 1021, Wet places along brooks. Spring. Philadelphia—Navy Yard, Mart. (B. C.), Tenet Isiand (Le. ‘, Girard Point, Greenwich Point (Te.). ' Delaware—Darby near the Bell Tavern, Dr. Geo. Smith (B. Sm.). Northampton—Bethlehem (Ca.) ane Gada ’3 Point. hu 47. PETASITES Gaertn. L Perasires Perasirus (L.) Karst. Sweet Coltsfoot,, M. p. 1022. Culti- vated and waste ground. Spring. Philadelphia — (P.). Bucks — Rock’ Hill (Cr.) (Fr). Delaware — Upper Darby (B. Sm.). Northampton—Bangor (P.). 48. ARNICA L, L. ARNICA ACAULIS (Walt.) B. S. P. Leopard’s-bane. M. p. 1022. Low woods. Spring. _ Chester — Oxford (Cr.). Lancaster — Pleasant Grove (Ca.), Little. Britain Twp. (Pr.), New Texas (P.). 49. ERECHTITES Raf. 1. ERECHTITES HIERACIFOLIA (L.) Raf., Fire-weed. M. p. 1023. Woods, thickets and waste places. Summer. 50. MESADENTIA Raf. InpraAN PLANTAIN. Leaves green, both sides, angulate-dentate. 1. M.. reniformis. Leaves glaucous beneath, green above, angulate- -lobed. 2. M. atriplicifolia. 1. MEsaDENIA RENIFORMIS (Muhl.) Raf. M. p, 1024, Rich, damp woods. Summer. ae Lancaster—York Furnace (Ca.) (U. 0. 8.). Northampton—(P.). Camden—Banks of the Delaware (C.). 2. MESADENIA ATRIPLICIFOLIA (L.) Raf. M. p. 1024. Rich woodlands. Summer. 51. SYNOSMA Raf. INDIAN PLANTAIN. 1. SYNOSMA. SUAVEOLENS (L.) Raf. M. p. 1024. Rich woods. Autumn. Lancaster— York Furnace. “ , e Monmouth— Freehold (C.). Mercer—Princeton (C.). COMPOSITAE. 343 52. SENECIO L. Grounpsry. SQUuAWWEED. Heads conspicuously radiate (except in forms of 2 and 5). At least the lowest leaves entire or dentate, not pinnatifid. - None of the leaves cordate: Leaves and stems persistently more or less tomentose or woolly. 1. 8. tomentosus. Tees Bowe or nearly so; stem often woolly, especially elow. Basal leaves obovate, spatulate or oval; achenes glabrous. Basal leaves obovate or suborbicular, erenate or den- tate; involueral bracts 4-5 mm. long. 2. S. obovatus. Basal leaves ovate to oval; involucral bracts 6-10 mm. ~ long. 3. 8. Crawfordi. Basal leaves oblong ; achénes glabrous or hispidulous. 4. 8. Balsamitae. Basal leaves cordate or subcordate ; ; plants mostly glabrous. . 5. S. aureus. Leaves all pinnatifid or coarsely sinuate-dentate; plants glabrous, or somewhat woolly when young. 6. 8. Jacobea. Heads discoid, the rays none, or minute; introduced species. 7. 8. vulgaris. ]., SENECIO TOMENTOSUS Michx. M. p. 1026. Moist soil. Spring. Cape May — Oceanview (C.), Woodbine (Br.), Cape May (Cr.), Sea Isle, I. Burk (He.). Atlantic—Landisville (C.), near Egg’ Harbor (Wn.). New Castle—Near A. Deakynes’, Blackbird Head, Tatnall and Com- mons. 2. SENECIO oBOvaTUS Muhl. M. p. 1027. Open grounds. ' Spring. Bucks—Springfield (Fr.), Nockamixon (He.) (Ws.). Northampton— Easton, Porter (B. C.). Camden—River Swamp (C.). 2a. SENECIO OBOVATUS ELONGATUS (Pursh.) Britton. M. p. 1027. Open grounds. Spring. ‘ N orthampton— Easton (P.). ; 3. SENECIO CRAWFORDII Britton. M. p. 1027. ‘Moist soil. Spring. Bucks—Tullytown (Cr.). Camden—Springdale (St.). Mercer—Near Lawrence Station. 4. SENECIO BALSsMITAE Muhl. Golden Ragwort.. M. p. 1027. Dry or rocky soil, Early summer. Bucks—East of Wheatsheaf, Nockamixon (Cr.), Perkasie (Fr.), Rock Hill, Dr. J. B. Brinton (He.). Montgomery—Ivy Rock (Ja.) (Ke,), Lafayette (Ja.) (Ke.). Delaware—Near Media (Fu.), Williamson (Le.), Swarthmore (Ws.). Chester — Phenixville, Mart. (B. C.), Westtown (Le.), Uniontown (St.), French Creek (Sts.). Northampton—(P.). New Castle—Serpentine banks. Scarce. 5. SENECIO AUREUS L. Golden Ragwort. M. p. 1028. Moist soil. Early summer. 6. SENECIO Jacopea L. M. p. 1029. Ballast. Summer. : _Camden— —Kaighn ’s Point (He.) (Ja.). 7. SENECIO vuLGARIS L. Common Groundsel. M. p. 1029. Waste ground. Spring to fall. ‘ 344 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Philadelphia—Byberry, Mart. (B. C.), Wissahickon (Je.), Germantown (Me.), Greenwich Point (Te.). Bucks—Sellersville (Fr.). Delaware— Media, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.), Lansdowne (Pe.). Camden—Kaighn’s Point. New Castle—Introduced about nurseries. ‘ 53. ARCTIUM L. Burpock. Braets of the involucre copiously woolly. 1. A. tomentoswm. Bracts of the involucre glabrous or nearly so. 2. A. minus. 1. ARCTIUM TOMENTOSUM (Lam.) Schk. M. p. 1030. Waste places. Sum- mer. Delaware—Media, Dr. Geo. Smith (P.). 2. ARCTIUM MINUS Schk. Common Burdock. M. p. 1030. Waste places. Summer and fall. 54, CARDUUS L. THISTLE. Pappus-bristles, at least those of the inner flowers, plumose. Outer involucral bracts, or all of them, strongly prickly-pointed. Leaves glabrous or hispid above, tomentose beneath. All the bracts of the involucre tipped with prickles; natural- ized weed. 1. C. lanceolatus. Outer bracts prickle-tipped, the inner merely acuminate; native species. Leaves undivided, lobed or dentate, rarely pinnatifid. 2. C. altissimus. Leaves deeply pinnatifid into lanceolate or linear segments. 3. C. discolor. Leaves green on both sides, somewhat pubescent beneath. 4. C. odoratus. Bracts of the involucre not at all prickly-pointed, or scarcely so. Heads large, few, 3-10 cm. broad; flowers all perfect and fertile. Heads involucrate by the upper very spiny leaves; flowers usually yellow. 5. C. spinosissimus. Heads peduncled, naked, or with 1 or 2 bracts at the base; flowers purple. 6. C. muticus. Heads small, numerous, 2.5 em. broad or less; flowers imperfect, dicecious. 7. C. arvensis. Pappus-bristles simple or minutely serrulate. 8. C. nutans. 1, CaRpuus LANCEOLATUS L. M. p. 1031. Pastures and roadsides. Sum- mer. 2. CARDUUS ALTISSIMUS L. M. p. 1031. Fields and copses. Summer. 3. CaRDUUS DISCOLOR (Muhl.) Nutt. M. p. 1031. Fields and roadsides. Summer and fall. 4, CARDUUS opoRATUS (Muhl.) Porter. M. p. 1032. Dry fields. Summer. 5. CARDUUS SPINOSISSIMUS Walt. Yellow Thistle. M. p. 1033. Sandy fields. Summer. Philadelphia— West Philadelphia (Mac.), Germantown (St.), Angora (Te.). Delaware — Williamson (Le.), Lansdowne (Pe.), Swarthmore (Pr.), Middletown and Chrome Run (B. Sm.), Darby Creek (VP.), Media (Ws.), Wallingford (Wn.), Tinicum (St.). Chester—(P.). Lamoaster —(P.). Burlington—Pemberton (C.), near Moorestown (B. Sm.). Camden— COMPOSITAE. 345 Grenloch (He.), Clementon, Lindenwold (VP.). Gloucester—Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). Cape May—Cape May (He.), Wildwood (Ja.). Atlantic—Atlantic City (Te.), Absecon (Wn.). Ocean—Point Pleasant (Br.), Seaside Park (Ha.), Forked River (Ja.). Hunterdon— Rosemont (C.). New Castle—East of Folly Woods. Rare. 6. CaRDUUS MUTICUS (Michx.) Pers. M. p: 1033. Swamps and low woods. Summer and fall. Bucks—Near Sellersville (Fr.). Montgomery—Qlenside (VP.). Dela- ware—Mineral Hill (He.), Valley of Darby Creek, Chrome Run (B. Sm.), Concord (W. Tr.), Williamson (Wn.). Chester—West Bradford Twp. (St.). Lancaster —(P.). Berks —(P.). Lehigh — Salisbury (Kr.). Northampton—(P.). Dauphin—(P.). Camden — Lindenwold (VP.). Gloucester — Mullica Hill (C.), near Mickleton (He.), Swedesboro (Li.). Salem—Woodstown (Wa.). Ocean. —Forked River (Mac.). Mercer—Princeton, Trenton (C.). : New Castle—Thompson’s and elsewhere. Frequent. 7. CARDUUS ARVENSIS (L.) Robs. Canada Thistle. M. p. 1033. Fields and waste places. Summer. 8. CARDUUS NUTANS L. Musk Thistle. M. p. 1033. Waste places and bal- last. Summer and fall. Philadelphia—Greenwich Point (Te.). Dauphin—Harrisburg (Wn.). Camden—Kaighn’s Point, I. Burk (He.) (Li.). CaRDUUS ACANTHOIDES. Ballast. Summer. Camden—Camden, I. Burk (He.). CARDUUS PYCNOCEPHALUS L. Ballast. Summer. Camden—Kaighn’s Point (Ja.). 55. ONOPORDON L. 1. ONoPorDoN AcANTHIUM L. Cotton or Scotch Thistle. M. p. 1034. Waste places. Summer. Philadelphia — Oakdale, Mart. (B. C.), below Gray’s Ferry (Wn.). Delaware—Haverford (Wn.), shore of Delaware, Tinicum, Dr. Geo. Smith (Fu.). Camden — Ballast (C.). Ocean — Point Pleasant (Wn.). Mercer — Trenton, Princeton (C.). 56. CENTAUREA L. Bracts of the involucre lacerate or fimbriate, not spiny. Annual; pappus about the length of the achene. 1. C. Cyanus. Perennials; pappus obsolete or short. 2. C. nigra. Bracts of the involucre tipped with stout, nearly simple spines. 3. C. Calcitrapa. 1, CENTAUREA CyaNus L. Bluebottle. M. p. 1035. Roadsides; escaped from cultivation. Summer. : 2. CENTAUREA NickA L. Knapweed. M. p. 1035. Waste places. Summer. Philadelphia—Fairmount Park on sides of Basin, 48th and Baltimore Ave. (B. Sm.). 346 FLORA OF PHILADELPHIA. Camden — Kaighn’s Point. Gloucester — Mickleton (C.). Mercer — Trenton (C.). Middlesex— Woodbridge (C.). New Castle— Wilmington, Mart. (B. C.). 3. CENTAUREA CALCITRAPA L. Star Thistle. M. p. 1035. Waste places. Summer and fall. Philadelphia—Greenwich Point (Te.). Bucks—Tullytown (Ja.). Camden—Kaighn’s Point. Mercer—Trenton, Princeton (C.). CONIA TURBINATA Pers. Ballast. : Camden—Kaighn’s Point. Scotymus Hispanicus L. Ballast. Camden—Kaighn’s Point. INDEX TO LATIN NAMES. Abama, 97 Abronia, 136 Abutilon, 221 -Acalypha, 212 Acanthaceae, 296 Acer, 217 Aceraceae, 217 Acerates, 261 Achillea, 340 Achroanthes, 112 Acnida, 136 Acorus, 90° Actaea, 148 Adiantum, 9 Adicea, 126 Adlumia, 156 Adopogon, 308 Aegopodium, 241 Aesculus, 218 Aeschynomene, 199 Aethusa, 241 Agastache, 275 Agrimonia, 177 Agropyron, 55 Agrostemma, 138 Agrostis, 43 Ailanthus, 209 Aira, 45 Aizoaceae, 137 Aletris, 102 Alisma, 24 Alismaceae, 24 Allaria, 159 Allionia, 136 Allium, 100 Alnus, 121 Alopecurus, 42 Alsine, 140 Althaea, 220 Alyssum, 165 Amaranthaceae,135 Amaranthus, 135 Amaryllidaceae,105 Awbrosia, 313 Ambroslaceae, 313 Amelanchier, 180 Ammodenia, 143 Ammophila, 45 Amorpha, 198 Amphicarpon, 32 Amsonia, 258 Amygdalus, 193 Anacardiaceae,215 Anagallis, 252 Anaphalis, 334 Andropogon, 31 Anemone, 149 Angelica, 242 Angiospermae, 20 Anonaceae, 146 Antennaria, 334 Anthemis, 340 Anthoxanthum, 39 Anychia, 143 Apera, 45 Apios, 204 Aplectrum, 113 Apocynaceae, 258 Apocynum, 258 Aquilegia, 149 Arabis, 164 Araceae, 89 Arales, 88 Aralia, 235 Araliaceae, 235 Arctium, 344 Arctostaphylos,248 Arenaria, 142 Arethusa, 110 Argemone, 156 Argentina, 176 Arisaema, 89 Aristida, 40 Aristolochia, 128 Atheropogon, 47 Atragene, 150 Atriplex, 134 Avena, 46 Azalea, 246 Baccharis, 333 Ballota, 277 Balsaminaceae, 218 Baptisia, 195 Barbarea, 161 Bartonia, 257 Batrachium, 152 Bellis, 325 Benzoin, 154 Berberidaceae, 153 Berberis, 153 Betula, 120 Betulaceae, 120 Bicuculla, 156 Bidens, 338 Bignoniaceae, 296 Blephariglottis,108 Blephilia, 279 Blitum, 134 Boehmeria, 126 Boltonia, 325 Boraginaceae, 267 Botrychium, 7 Brachiaria, 33 Brachyelytrum, 42 Bradburya, 204 Bradleya, 198 Brasenia, 144 Aristolochiaceae,127 Brassica, 160 Aristolochiales, 127 Arnica, 342 Aronia, 179 Arrhenatherum, 46 Artemisia, 341 Arundinaria, 57 Asarum, 127 Asclepiadaceae, 259 Asclepias, 259 Ascyrum, 223 Asimina, 146 Asparagus, 102 Asperugo, 269 Asplenium, 10 Aster, 326 Breweria, 263 Bromus, 54 Broussonetia, 125 Buchnera, 291 Bupleurum, 239 Bursa, 163 Butneria, 154 Buxaceae, 215 Cabomba, 144 Cactaceae, 229 Qaesalpinaceae,193 Cakile, 160 Calamagrostis, 44 Calamovilfa, 45 (347) Callitrichaceae, 213 Callitriche, 213 Calluna, 248 Caltha, 147 Calycanthaceae,154 Camelina, 163 Cammarum, 148 Campanula, 306 Campanulaceae, 806 Campanulales, 305 Camptosorus, 11 Cannabis, 126 Capnoides, 157 Capparidaceae, 165 Caprifoliaceae, 301 Capriola, 46 Cardamine, 162 Carduus, 344 Carex, 69 Carpinus, 120 Carum, 240 Caryophyllaceae,1387 Cassia, 193 Castalia, 145 Castilleja, 292 Castanea, 121 Catalpa, 296 Caulophyllum, 153 Ceanothus, 219 Celastraceae, 216 Celastrus, 216 Celtis, 125 Cenchrus, 39 Centaurea, 345 Cephalanthus, 299 Cerastium, 141 Ceratophyllaceae,145 Ceratophyllum, 145 Cercis, 193 Chaerophyllum, 239 Chaetochloa, 38 Chamaecyparis, 20 Chamaedaphne, 247 Chamaelirium, 98 Chamaenerion, 283 Cheilanthes, 10 Chelidonium, 156 Chelone, 288 Chenopodiaceae, 182 Chenopodiales, 132 348 Chenopodium, 132 Chimaphila, 245 Chionanthus, 254 Choripetalae, 114 Chrosperma, 98 Chrysanthemum, 340Cypripedium, 107 Chrysogonum, 335 Chrysosplenium, 170 Chrysopsis, 321 Cichoriaceae, 307 Cichorium, 308 Cicuta, 240 Cimicifuga, 148 Cinna, 43 Circaea, 234 Cistaceae, 225 Cladium, 68 Cladrastis, 195 Claytonia, 137 Clematis, 149 Cleome, 165 Clethra, 244 Clethraceae, 244 Clinopodium, 279 Clintonia, 102 Clitoria, 204 Collinsia, 288 Collinsonia, 282 Comandra, 127 Commelina, 92 Commelinaceae, 92 Compositae, 314 Comptonia,-118 Conium, 239 Conopholis, 296 Convallaria, 103 Convallariaceae,102' Convolvulaceae, 263 Dodecatheon, 252 Convolvulus, 263 Coptis, 148 Corallorhiza, 113 Corema, 214 Coreopsis, 338 Cornaceae, 243 Cornus, 243 Coronilla, 198 Coronopus, 159 Corylus, 120 Cracca, 198 Crassulaceae, 168 Crataegus, 180 Crepis, 311 Crotalaria, 195 Croton, 211 Crotonopsis, 211 Cruciferae, 157 Cubelium, 229 Cucurbitaceae, 305 Cunila, 280 Cuscuta, 264 Cuscutaceae, 264 Cymbalaria, 287 INDEX TO LATIN NAMES. Cynanchum, 261 Cynareae, 317 Cynoglossum, 268 Cyperaceae, 57 Cyperus, 57 Cytisus, 196 Dactylis, 50 Dactyloctenium, 48 Dalibarda, 175 Danthonia, 46 Dasystoma, 291 Datura, 285 Daucus, 242 Decodon, 230 Delphinium, 149 Dendrium, 247 Dennstaedtia, 14 Dentaria, 163 Deringa, 240 Deschampsia, 45 Dianthera, 297 Dianthus, 140 Diapensiaceae, 250 Dicotyledones, 114 Diervilla, 304 Diodia, 299 Dioscorea, 105 Dioscoreaceae, 105: Diospyros, 252 Diplachne, 48 Diplotaxis, 160 Dipsacaceae, 305 Dipsacus, 305 Dirca, 230 Distichlis, 50 Doellingeria, 333 Dondia, 135 Draba, 164 Drosera, 166 Droseraceae, 166 Drupaceae, 191 Drymocallis, 175 Dryopteris, 12 Duchesnea, 175 Dulichium, 61 Hatonia, 49 Ebenaceae, 252 Bbenales, 252 Echinochloa, 33 Echium, 271 Eclipta, 336 Elaeagnaceae, 230 Elaeaguus, 230 Blatinaceae, 225 Elatine, 225 Eleocharis, 61 Elephantopus, 317 BHleusine, 48 Blymus, 56 Empetraceae, 214 Epigaea, 248 Epilobium, 233 Equisetaceae, 14 Equisetales, 14 EHquisetum, 14 Eragrostis, 48 Brechtites, 342 Erianthus, 31 Ericaceae, 246 Ericales, 244 Erigeron, 332 Eriocaulaceae, 91 Eriocaulon, 91 Eriophorum, 66 Erodium, 207 Eryngium, 238 Erysimum, 165 Erythraea, 255 Erythronium, 101 Huonymus, 216 Eupatorium, 317 Euphorbia, 212 Euphorbiaceae, 211 Euthamia, 325 Fagaceae, 121 Fagales, 119 Fagopyrum, 129 Fagus, 121 Falcata, 204 Festuca, 53 Ficaria, 153 Filicales, 7 Filix, 13 Fimbristylis, 63 Floerkea, 215 Foeniculum, 241 Fragaria, 175 Fraxinus, 253 Fuirena, 66 Fumaria, 157 Galactia, 204 Galeopsis, 276 Galeorchis, 108 Galinsoga, 340 Galium, 299 Gamopetalae, 244 Gaultheria, 248 Gaura, 234 Gaylussacia, 248 Gemmingia, 106 Gentiana, 255 Gentianaceae, 254 Gentianales, 253 Geraniaceae, 206 Geraniales. 205 Geranium, 206 Gerardia, 292 Geum, 176 Gifola, 334 Gilia, 266 Glaucium, 156 Glaux, 252 Glecoma, 276 Gleditsia, 194 Gnaphalium, 334 Gordonia, 222 Graminales, 26 Gramineae, 26 Gratiola, 289 Grindelia, 321 Grossulariaceae, 170 Gymnandeniopsis108 Gymnocladus, 194 Gymnopogon, 47 Gymnospermae, 18 Gyrostachys, 111 Gyrotheca, 105 Haemodoraceae, 105 Haloragidaceae, 234 Hamamelidaceae.171 Hamamelis, 171 Hedeoma, 279 Helenium, 340 Heleochloa, 42 Helianthemum, 225 Helianthus, 337 Heliopsis, 336 Heliotropium, 267 Helleborus, 148 Helonias, 98 Hemerocallis, 100 Hepatica,149 Heracleum, 242 Hesperis, 165 Heteranthera, 93 Heterotheca, 321 Heuchera, 169 Hibiscus, 222 Hicoria, 119 Hieracium, 311 Hippocastanaceae, Holeus, 45 {218 Holosteum, 141 Homalocenchrus, 39 Hordeum, 56 Hottonia, 250 Houstonia, 298 Hudsonia, 225 Humulus, 126 Hydrangea, 170 Hydrangeaceae, 170 Hydrastis, 147 Hydrocotyle, 237 Hydrophyllaceae,266 Hydrophyllum, 266 Hypericaceae, 223 Hypericum, 223 Hyoscyamus, 285 Hypopitys, 245 Hypoxis, 105 Hyssopus, 279 Hystrix, 56 Llex, 215 Tlicaceae, 215 llicioides, 216 Ilysanthes, 289 Impatiens, 218 Inula, 335 Ionactis, 333 Ipomaea, 263 Iridaceae, 106 Iris, 106 Isanthus, 273 Isnardia, 232 Isoetaceae, 17 Isoetes, 17 Isotria, 110 Itea, 170 Iteaceae, 170 Iva, 313 Jeffersonia, 154 Juglandaceae, 118 Juglandales, 118 Juglans, 118 Juncaceae, 93 Juncoides, 97 Juncus, 94 Juniperus, 20 Jussiaea, 232 Kalmia, 247 Kickxia, 287 Kneiffia, 233 Koellia, 279 Koniga, 165 Kosteletzkya, 221 Kuhnia, 320 Labiatae, 272 Lacinaria, 320 Lactuca, 309 Lamiunm, 276" Lappula, 268 Lapsana, 308 Lathyrus, 203 Lauraceae, 154 Lechea, 226 Lemna, 90 Lemnaceae, 90 INDEX TO LATIN NAMES, Ligustrum, 254 Liliaceae, 100 Liliales, 93 Lilium, 101 Melanthium, 99 Melastomaceae, 231 Melica, 50 Melilotus, 196 Limnanthaceae, 215 Melissa, 279 “Limnanthemum,257 Menispermaceae, 154 Orobanchaceae, 295 Limnobium, 26 ‘Limodorum, 111 Limonium, 252 Limosella, 289 Linaceae, 208 Linaria, 287 Linum, 208 Lippia, 272 Liquidambar, 171 Liriodendron, 146 Listera, 112 Lithospermum, 270 Lobelia, 306 Loganiaceae, 254 Lolium, 55 Lonicera, 303 3 Lophiola, 105 Lophotocarpus, 24 Loranthaceae, 127 Lotus, 198 Ludwigia, 232 Lunaria, 163 Lupinus, 195 Lychnis, 139 Lycium, 285 Lycopersicon, 285 Lycopodiaceae, 15 * Lycopodiales, 15 Lycopodium, 15 Lycopsis, 270 Lycopus, 280 Lygodium, 8 Lysimachia, 251 Lythraceae, 230 Lythrum, 231 Macrocalyx, 267 Magnolia, 145 Magnoliaceae, 145 Malus, 179 Malva, 221 Malvaceae, 220 Malvales, 220 Marrubium, 275 Marsilia, 14 Lentibulariaceae,298 Marsiliaceae, 14 Leontodon, 308 Leonurus, 276 -Lepidium, 158 Leptamnium, 296 Leptandra, 291 Leptilon, 333 Leptorchis, 112 Lespedeza, 201 Lesquerella, 163 Leucothoe, 247 Matteuccia, 14 Matricaria, 341 Martynia, 296 Martyniaceae, 296 Maydeae, 27 Medicago, 196 Mediola, 103 Meibomia, 199 Melampyrum, 293 Melanthaceae, 97 Menispermum, 154 Mentha, 281 349 Opuntiales, 229 Orchidaceae, 107 Orchidales, 107 Origanum, 279 Ornithogalum, 102 Orobanche, 295 Orontium, 89 Menyanthaceae, 257 Oryzopsis, 40 Menyanthes, 257 Mertensia, 269 Mesadenia, 342 Micrampelis, 305 Micranthemum, 289 Mimulus, 288 Mitchella, 299 Mitella, 169 Moebringia, 142 Mohrodendron, 252 Mollugo, 137 Monarda, 278 Osmunda, 8 Osmundaceae, 8 Ostrya, 120 Oxalidaceae, 207 Oxalis, 207 Oxycoccus, 250 Oxygraphis, 153 Oxypolis, 242 Pachysandra, 215 Panax, 236 Pandanales, 20 Monocotyledones, 20 Panicum, 33 Monotropa, 245 Monotropaceae,245 Moraceae, 125 Morus, 125 Muhlenbergia, 41 Muscari, 102 Myosotis, 269 Myrica, 118 Myricaceae, 118 Myricales, 118 Myriophyllum, 235 Myrtales, 230 Nabalus, 312 Naiadaceae, 21 Naiadales, 21 Naias, 24 Narcissus, 105 Naumbergia, 251 Nelumbo, 145 Nepeta, 276 Neslia, 163 Nyctaginaceae, 136 Nymphaea, 144 Nymphaeaceae, 144 Nyssa, 244 Obolaria, 257 Oenothera, 233 Oldenlandia, 299 Oleaceae, 253 Onagra, 233 Onagraceae, 231 Onoclea, 14 Onopordon, 345 Onosmodium, 270 Ophioglossaceae, 7 Ophioglossum, 7 Opulaster, 172 Opuntia, 229 Panicularia, 52 Papaver, 155 Papaveraceae, 155 Papaverales, 154 Papilionaceae, 194 Parietales, 222 Parietaria, 127 Parnassia, 169 Parnassiaceae, 169 Paronychia, 143 Parsonsia, 231 Parthenocissus, 220 Paspalum, 32 Passiflora, 229 Passifloraceae, 229 Pastinaca, 242 Paulownia, 288 Pedicularis, 293 Pellaea, 10 Peltandra, 89 Penthoraceae, 168 Penthorum, 168 Pentstemon, 288 Peramium, 112 Perilla, 282 Periploca, 262 Perularia, 108 Petasites, 342 Petunia, 285 Phacelia, 267 Phalaris, 39 Phaseoleae, 195 Phaseolus, 205 Phegopteris, 13 Philadelphus, 170 Philotria, 26 Phileum, 42 Phlox, 265 Phoradendron, 127 Phragmites, 48 300 Phryma, 297 Phrymaceae, 297 Phyllanthus, 211 Physalis, 283 Physalodes, 283 Physostegia, 276 Phytolacca, 136 Phytolaccaceae, 136 Picris, 308 Pieris, 247 Pimpinella, 240 Pinaceae, 18 Pinales, 18 Pinus, 18 Piperales, 114 Plantaginaceae, 297 Plantaginales, 297 Plantago, 297 Platanaceae, 171 Platanus, 171 Pluchea, 334 Plumbaginaceae,252 Poa, 51 Podophyllum, 154 Podostemaceae, 168 Podostemon, 168 Pogonia, 110 Polanisia, 165 Polemoniaceae, 265 . Polemoniales, 262 Polemonium, 266 Polycodium, 249 Polygala, 209 Polygalaceae, 209 Polygonaceae, 128 Polygonales, 128 Polygonella, 132 Polygonum, 129 Polymnia, 335 Polypodiaceae, 9 Polypodium, 9 Polypogon, 43 Polypremum, 254 Polystichum, 12 Pomaceae, 179 Pontederia, 93 Pontederiaceae, 93 Populus, 114 Porteranthus, 172 Portulaca, 137 Portulacaceae, 137 Potamogeton, 21 Potentilla, 176 Primulaceae, 250 Primulales, 250 Proserpinaca, 234 Prunella, 276 Prunus, 191 Ptelea, 209 Pteridium, 10 Pteridophyta, 7 Ptilimnium, 241 INDEX TO LATIN NAMES. Puccinellia, 53 Pyrola, 245 Pyrolaceae, 245 Pyrus, 179 Pyxidanthera, 250 Quamoclit, 263 Quercus, 121 Ranales, 143 Ranunculaceae, 146 Ranunculus, 150 Raphanus, 160 Rapistrum, 164 Reseda, 166 Resedaceae, 166 Rhamnaceae, 219 Rhamnales, 218 Rhamuus, 219 Rhexia, 231 Rhododendron, 247 Rhus, 215 Ribes, 170 Ricinus, 212 Robinia, 198 Roripa, 161 Rosa, 178 Rosaceae, 172 Rosales, 167 Rotala, 230 Roubieva, 134 Rubiaceae, 298 Rubiales, 298 Rubus, 173 Rudbeckia, 336 Ruellia, 297 Rumex, 128 Ruppia, 23 Rutaceae, 208 Rynchospora, 66 Sabbatia, 255 Sagina, 142 Sagittaria, 25 Salicaceae, 114 Salicales, 114 Salicornia, 135 Salix, 115 Salomonia, 103 Salsola, 135 Salvia, 278 Salviniales, 14 Sambucus, 301 Samolus, 250 Sanguinaria, 156 Sanguisorba, 178 Sanicula, 238 Santalaceae, 127 Santalales, 127 Sapindales, 214 Saponaria, 140 Sarothra, 225 Sarracenia, 166 Sarraceniaceae, 166 Sarraceniales, 166 Sassafras, 154 - Saururaceae, 114 Saururus, 114 Savastana, 39 Saxifraga, 169 Saxifragaceae, 169 Scheuchzeria, 24 Stenophragma, 164. Stenophyllus, 63 Stipa, 40 Strophostyles, 205 Stuartia, 222 Stylosanthes, 199 Styracaceae, 252 Symphoricarpos,303 Symphytum, 270 Syndesmon, 149 Scheuchzeriaceae, 24Synosma, 342 - Schizaea, 8 Schizaeaceae, 8 Schwalbea, 293 Scirpus, 63 Scleranthus, 143 Scleria, 68 Sclerolepis, 317 Scrophularia, 287 Syntherisma, 32 Syringa, 253 Taenidia, 240 Talinum, 137 Tanacetum, 341 Taraxacum, 309 Taxaceae, 20 Scrophulariaceae,285Taxus, 20 Scutellaria, 274 Sedum, 168 Selaginella, 17 Selaginellaceae, 17 Senecio, 343 Sericocarpus, 326 Sesban, 198 Sesuvium, 137 Sherardia, 301 Sicyos, 306 * Sida, 221 Silene, 138 Silphium, 335 Simarubaceae, 209 Sinapis, 160 Sisymbrium, 160 Sisyrinchium, 106 Sium, 241 Smilaceae, 104 Smilax, 104 Solanaceae, 283 . Solanum, 284 Solidago, 321 Sonchus, 309 Sophia, 164 Sorghastrum, 32 Sorghum, 31 Sparganiaceae, 21 Sparganium, 21 Spartina, 47 Spathyema, 89 Specularia, 306 Spergula, 143 Spermaphyta, 18 Spiraea, 172 Spirodela, 90 Sporobolus, 42 Stachys, 277 Staphylea, 217 Staphyleaceae, 217 Steironema, 251 Stenanthium, 98 Tecoma, 296 Teucrium, 273 Thalesia, 295 Thalictrum, 153 Thaspium, 241 Theaceae, 222 Thlaspi, 159 Thymeleaceae, 230 Thymeleales, 229 Thymus, 280 Tiarella, 169 Tilia, 220 Tiliaceae, 220 Tillaea, 168 Tipularia, 113 Tissa, 143 Torilis, 239 Toxylon, 125 [258 Trachelospermum, Tradescantia, 93 Tragopogon, 309 Triadenum, 225 Tribulus, 208 Trichostema, 273 -Tricuspis, 48 Trientalis, 251 Trifolium, 197 Triglochin, 24 Trillium, 103 Triosteum, 303 Triphora, 110 Triplasis, 48 Tripsacum, 30 Trisetum, 45 Trollius, 148 Tsuga, 19 Tulipa, 101 Tussilago, 342 Typha, 20 Typhaceae, 20 Ulmaceae, 125 Ulmus, 125 Umbellales, 235 Umbelliferae, 236 Unifolium, 108 Uniola, 50 Urtica, 126 Urticaceae, 126 Urticales, 124 Urticastrum, 126 Utricularia, 298 Uvularia, 99 Vaccaria, 140 Vacciniaceae, 248 Vaccinium, 249 Vagnera, 102 INDEX TO LATIN NAMES. Valeriana, 305 Valerianaceae, 305 Valerianales, 304 Valerianella, 305 Vallisneria, 26 Vallisneriaceae, 26 Veratrum, 99 Verbascum, 286 Verbena, 271 Verbenaceae, 271 Verbesina, 338 Vernonia, 317 Veronica, 290 Viburnum,:-302 Vicia, 202 Vinca, 258 Vincetoxicum, 262 Viola, 226 Violaceae, 226 Vitaceae, 219 Vitis, 219 Waldsteinia, 176 Washingtonia, 239 Willugbaeya, 320 Wolffia, 90 Woodsia, 14 Woodwardia, 10 Xanthium, 3138 Xanthorrhbiza, 148 301 Xanthoxylum, 209 Xerophyllum, 97 Xolisma, 247 Xyridaceae, 91 Xyridales, 90 Xyris, 91 Yucca, 102 Zannichellia, 24 Zizania, 39 Zizia, 239 Zostera, 24 Zygadenus, 99 Zygophyllaceae,208 INDEX TO ENGLISH NAMES. Abele 114 Acacia, False 198 Rose 198 Acanthus Family 296 Aconite, Winter 148 Adam-and-Eve 113 Adam’s Needle 102 Adder's Mouth 112 Adder’s Tongue 7 Common 7 Family 7 Yellow 101 Agrimony 177 Ague-weed 256 Ailanthus 209 Family 209 Alder 121 Black 216 White 244 Alexander, Heart-leaved 240 Alfalfa 196 Allspice, Carolina 154 Althaea, Shrubby 222 Alum-root 169 Alyssum, Sweet 165 Amaranth 135 Family 135 Amaryllis Family 105 Anemone, Rue 149 Angelica-tree 236 Apple 179 Balsam 305 Crab 179 Family 179 May 154 Thorn, Purple 285 Apple-of-Peru 283 Arbutus, Trailing 248 Arrow-grass 24 Arrow-head 25 Arrow-wood 302 Artichoke, Jerusalem 338 Arum, Arrow 89 Family 89 Ash 253. Black 254 Green 253 Prickly, Northern 209 Southern 209 Red 254 White 253 Asparagus 102 Aspen, American 115 Large-toothed 115 Asphodel, Bog 97 Aster, Golden 321 White-topped 326 Avens 176 Axwort 198 Azalea, Purple 246 Balm, Basil 278 Bee 278, 279 Field 279 Horse 282 Balm-of-Gilead 115 Balsam 218 Baneberry, Red 148 White 148 Barberry 153 Family 153 Basil 279 Bass-wood 220 Bay, Loblolly 222 Sweet 146 Bayberry 118 Family 118 Bean, Indian 296 Kidney 205 Sacred 145 Wild 204, 205 Bearberry 248 © Beard-tongue 288 Beaver Poison 240 Bedstraw 299 Beech 121 Blue 120 Family 121 Water 120 Beech-drops 296 False 245 Beggar-ticks 339 Common 339 Bell-flower Family 306 Marsh 306 Tall 306 Bellwort 99 Benjamin bush 154 Bergamot, Purple 278 Wild, 278 Bindweed, Black 131 Hedge 264 (352) Bindweed, Small 264 Upright 264 Birch, American White 121 Black or Sweet 121 Cherry 121 Family 120 Red or River 121 Yellow or Gray 121 Birthwort 128 Family 127 Bishop’s-cap 169 Bishop weed, Mock 241 Bitter-Nut 119 Bittersweet 284 Climbing 216 Blackberry, Common 174 RunningSwamp Sand 174 [175 Bladder-nut 217 Family 217 Bladderwort 293 Family 293 Blazing-star 320 Blite, Sea 134, 185 Strawberry 134 Bloodroot 156 Bloodwort Family 105 Blue-bells 269 Blueberry, Black 249 Dwarf 249 Low 249 Tall 249 Bluebottle 345 Blue-curls 273 Blue-eyed Mary 288 Blue-hearts 291 Blue-tangle 248 Bluets 299 Clustered 299 Blue-weed 271 Boneset 320 Climbing 320 Upland 319 Borage Family 267 Bouncing Bet 140 Bowman’s-root 172 Box Family 215 Box-elder 218 Bracken 10 Brake 10 Common 10 INDEX TO ENGLISH NAMES. Brake, Cliff 10 Bramble 173 Brooklime, American 290 Brookweed 250 Broom, Scotch 196 Broom-rape 295 Family 295 Buckbean 257 Family 257 Buckeye Family 218 Fetid or Ohio 218 Red 218 Sweet 218 Buckthorn 219 Common 219 Family 219 Buckwheat 129 Climbing False 181 Family 128 Bugbane 148 Bugleweed 280 Bugloss 270 Viper’s 271 Bulrush 63 Buncb-berry 243 Bunch flower 99 Family 97 Burdock 344 Common 344 Burnet 178 Burning Bush 216 Bur-reed 21 Family 21 Burweed 313 Butter-and-eggs 287 Buttercup 150 Bristly 152 Common 152 Barly 152 Marsh 152 Tall 151 Butterfly-weed 259 Butternut 119 Button-bush 299 Buttonweed 299 Buttonwood 171 Cabbage, Skunk 89 Cactus Family 229 Calamus 90 Calico-bush 247 Calopogon 111 Caltrop 208 Family 208 Campion 138 Bladder 139 Red 139 Rose 140 Starry 138 Cancer-root 295 Cane, Small or Switch 57 Caper Family 165 Caraway 240 Cardinal flower 307 Carnation 140 Carpet-weed 137 Family 137 Carrion-flower 104 Carrot, Family 236 Wild 242 Castor-oil Plant 212 Cat-brier 104 Catchfly 138, 139 Night-flowering 139 Sleepy 139 Sweet-William 139 Catgut 198 Catnip 276 Cat’s-foot 334 Cat-tail 20 Family 20 Cedar, Red 20 White 20 Celandine 156 Lesser 153 Centaury 255 Chaffseed 293 Chamomile, Corn 340 Wild 341 Charlock 160 Cheat 55 Checkerberry 248 Cheeses 221 Cherry,Choke 193 Dwarf 192 Ground 2838 Sand 192 Sour 193 Sweet 193 Wild Black 193 Wild Red 193 Winter 284 Chervil 239 Chess 55 Chestnut 121 Horse 218 Chickweed 140 Common 140 Great 141 Mouse-ear 141 Chicory 308 Family 307 Chinquapin 121 - Chokeberry 179 Cinquefoil 175, 176 Cleavers 300 Clotbur 313 Clover,Alsike 197 Buffalo 197 Bush 201 Crimson 197 Hop 197 Italian 197 Rabbit-foot 197 353 Clover, Red 197 Stone 197 Sweet 196 White 198 Yellow 197 Club, Golden 89 Club-moss 15 Family 15 Cockle, Corn 138 Cocklebur 313 Coffee-tree, Kentucky 194 Cohosh, Black 148 Blue 153 Colic-root 102 Coltsfoot 342 Sweet 342 Columbine 149 European 149 Comfrey 270 Wild 268 Cone-flower 336 Coral-berry 303 Coral-root 113 Cornel, Dwarf 248 Silky 243. Corn-salad 305 Corydalis 157 Cottonwood 115 Cowbane 242 Cow-herb 140 Cowslip, Virginian 269 Cow-bane, Spotted 240 Cow-wheat 293 Crab-apple 179 Cranberry 250 Cranberry-tree 302 Crane’s-bill 206 Cress 161 Bitter 162 Cow 159 Marsh 161 Mouse-ear 164 Penny 159 Rock 164 Spring 162 Swine 159 Wart 159 Water 162 Winter 161 Crowberry, Broom 214 Family 214 Crowfoot 150 Ditch 151 Family 146 Seaside 153 White Water 152 Yellow Water 151 Crown-beard 338 Cuckoo-flower 139, 162 Cucumber, Bur 306 Cucumber-root, Indian 103 Cucumber-tree 146 354 Cudweed, Low 335 Culver’s-physic 291 Culver’s-root 291 Cuphea 231 Cup-plant 335 Currant, Golden 171 Red 171 Wild Black 171 Custard-apple Family 146 Cynthia 308 Cypress, Bald 20 Daffodil 105 Daisy, European 325 Ox-eye 340 white 340 Dandelion 309 Dwarf 308 Fall 308 Dangleberry 248 Darnel 55 Day-flower 92 Dead-nettle 276 Deerberry 249 Devil’s-bit 98 Dewberry 174 Diapensia Family 250 Dittany 280 Dock 128 Bitter 129 Golden 129 Spatter 144 Swamp 128 Dockmackie 302 Dodder 264 Family 264 Dogbane 258 Family 258 Dog-berry 171 Dog-fennel 318 Dogwood Family 243 Flowering 243 Red-osier 243 Door-weed 131 Dragon, Green 89 Dragonhead False 276 Dragon-root 89 Duckweed 90 Family 90 Dutchman’s-breeches 156 Dyer’s-weed or weld 166 Hbony Family 252 Hel-grass 24, 26 Dglantine 179 Elder 301 Box 218 Common 301 Marsh 313 Red-berried 302 Elecampane 335 Dlephant’s-foot 317 Elm, American White 125 Family 125 Slippery or Red 125 INDEX TO ENGLISH NAMES. Fringe-tree 254 Frog’s-bit 26 Frost-weed 225 Enchanter’s Nightshade 234 Fumitory 157 Eryngo 238 Evening-primrose 233 Climbing 156 Common 288 Galingale 57 Family 281 Everlasting 334 Common 336 Pearly 334 False Mermaid 215 Family 215 Fame-flower 137 Featherfoil 250 Fennel 241 Fern, Beech 13 Bladder 13 Chain 10 Christmas 12 Cinnamon 8 Climbing 8 Family 9 Flowering 8 Lip 10 Oak 13 Ostrich 14 Royal 8 Sensitive 14 Shield 12 Sweet 118 Walking 11 Feverfew 340 Fever-wort 303 Fig, Indian 229 Figwort 287 Family 285 Filbert 120 Fiorin 44 Fire-weed 233, 342 Five-finger 175 Flag 106 Blue 106 Sweet 90 Yellow 106 Flax 208 Common 208 False 163 Family 208 Fleabane 332 Daisy 333 Marsh 334 Floating Heart 257 FPlower-de-Luce 106 Flower-of-an-hour 222 Fly-poison 98 Fog-fruit 272 Forget-me-not 269 Four-o’clock Family 186 Foxglove, False 291 Foxtail 38, 42 GQall-of-the-Earth 312 Garlic 100 Hedge 159 Gentian 255 Closed 256 Family 254 Fringed 256 Horse 303 Soapwort 256 Geranium Family 206 Feather 134 Germander 273 Gill-over-the-ground 276 Ginger, Wild 127 Ginseng 236 Dwarf 236 Family 235 Glasswort 135 Globe-flower 148 Goat’s-beard, Yellow 309 Goat’s-rue 198 Golden Club 89 Goldenpert 289 Goldenrod 321 Sweet 324 Gold-thread 148 Gooseberry 171 Family 170 Goosefoot 133 Family 132 Maple-leaved 134 Oak-leaved 133 Gourd Family 305 Gout-weed 241 Grape 219 Blue or Winter 219 Family 219 Frost or Chicken 220 Northern Fox 219 Riverside 220 Summer 219 Sand 220 Grape Hyacinth 102 Grass, Arrow 24 Barley, Meadow 56 Barley, Wall 56 Barnyard 33 Beard 31, 43 Bent 44 Bermuda 46 Black-oat 40 Blue, English 52 Blue, Kentucky 51 Blue-eyed 106 Blue Joint 44 INDEX TO ENGLISH NAMES. Graas, Bottle-brush 56 Grass, Rush 42 Brome 54 Cat-tail 42 Bur 39 Rye 55 Canary 39 Wild 56 Canary-reed 39 Salt-méadow 47 Cheat 55 Sand 48 Chess 55 Scutch 46 Cord, Fresh water 47 Sesame 30 Cotton 66 Soft Meadow 45 Couch 56 Spear 51 Crab 33, 48 Spike 50 Cut-Rice 39 Squirrel-tail 56 Darnel 55 Star 102, 105 Deer 231 Sweet Vernal 39 Ditch 23 Tape 26 Dropseed 41, 42 Family 26 Eel 24, 26 Thin 44 Fall 33 Timothy 42 Family 26 Triple-awned 40 Fescue, Sheep’s 54 Umbrella 66 Faller 54 Velvet 45 Fowl Meadow 51 Wheat 55 Foxtail 38, 42 White 39 Gama 30 Whitlow 164 Goose 300 Wire 48, 52 Hair 41, 44, 45 Wood Chess 54 Hedgehog 39 Wood Reed 43 Herd’s 44 Yard 48 Holy 39 Yellow-eyed 91 Indian 32 Family 91 Johnson 31 Grass-of-Parnassus 169 June 51 Family 169 Lyme 56 Grass-wrack 24 Manna 52 Greenbrier 104 Marsh, Salt 47 Common 104 Meadow 51 Gromwell 270 Meadow Spreading 53 Corn 270 Melic 50 False 270 Millet 36, 38 Groundnut 204, 236 Muskit 47 Ground-Pine 16 Oat 46 Groundsel 333, 348 False 45 Gum, Black or Sour 244 Wild 46 -plant 321 Old-witch 36 Sweet 171 Orange 225 one Hackberry 125 Pigeon 38 Hardhack 172 Plume 31 Harebell 306 Poverty 40 Haw, Black 303 Quitch 56 Hawkweed 311 Rattlesnake 52 Hawk’s-beard 311 Ray 55 Hawthorn 180 Red-top 44 English 191 False 51 Hazel, Beak 120 Tall 48 Wild 120 Reed 39, 44, 45, 48 Witeh 171 Canary 39 Heal-all 276 Salt 47 Heart’s-ease 229 Sand, Sea 45 Heather 248 Rib 297 Heath Family 246 Ripple 297 Heliotrope 267 355 Hellebore, American White Green 148 {99 Hemlock 19 Ground 20 Poison 239 Water 240 Hemp 126 Indian 258 Water 136 Henbane, Black 285 Henbit 276 Herb-Robert 206 Herb-sherard 301 Herba-impia 334 Hercules Club 236 Hickory 119 Pig-nut 119 Swamp 119 White-heart 119 Highwater Shrub 313 Hogweed 318 Holly, American 215 Family 215 Mountain 216 Hollyhock 221 Honesty 163 Honewort 240 Honeybloom 258 Honeysuckle 303 Bush 304 Family 301 Fly 304 [304 Japanese or Chinese Tartarian 304 Trumpet 304 White Swamp 246 Hop 126 Hop-tree 209 Horehound 275 Black 277 Water 280 Hornbeam, American 120 Hop 120 Hornwort 145 Horse-brier 104 Horse-chestnut 218 Horse-radish 162 Horsetail 14 Common 15 Family 14 Horse-weed 333 Hound’s-tongue 268 Huckleberry 249 Black 249 Family 248 Squaw 249 Hyacinth, Grape 102 Hydrangea, Family 170 Wild 170 Hyssop 279 Giant 275 Hedge 289 356 Indian-physic 172 Indian-pipe 245 Family 245 Indian Poke 99 Indigo, False 198 Wild 195 Inkberry 216 Innocence 299 Iris, Dwarf 106 Family 106 Tronweed 317 Iron-wood 120 Itea Family 170 Ivy, American 220 Ground 276 Kenilworth 287 Poison 215 Jack-in-the-Pulpit 89 Jamestown or Jimson Weed 285 Jewel-weed 218 Family 218 Joe-pye Weed 318 Judas-tree 193 Juneberry 180 * Juniper, Common 20 Ketmia, Bladder 222 King-nut 119 Kinnikinnik 243 Knapweed 345 Knawel 143 Knotweed 129 Japanese 131 Ladies’-slipper 107 Lady’s-thumb 130 Ladies’-tresses 111 Lambkill 247 Lamb’s-quarters 133 Larkspur 149 Laurel, Family 154 Great 247 Mountain 247 Sheep 247 Lavender, Sea 252 Leaf-cup 335 Leather-flower 150 Leather-leaf 247 Leatherwood 230 Leek 100 Leopard’s-bane 342 Lettuce 309 Prickly 310 White 312 Wild 310 Leverwood 120 Lilac 253 Lily, Blackberry 106 Day 100 Family 100 Turk’s-cap 101 Water 145 Lily, Wood 101 Yellow Field 101 Lily-of-the-Valley 103 False 103 Family 102 Linden 220 European 220 Family 220 Lime Tree 220 Lion’s-foot 312 Liquorice, Wild 300 Liver-leaf 149 Lizard’s-tail 114 Family 114 Locust 198 Clammy 198 Common 198 Honey 194 Logania Family 254 Loosestrife 231, 251 Family 230 Swamp 230 Tufted 251 Lopseed 297 Family 297 Lotus, American 145 Indian 145 , Lousewort 293 Lucerne 196 Lungwort 269 Lupine 195 Lychnis, Evening 139 Madder Family 298 Wild 301 Magnolia Family 145 Mahaleb 193 Maidenhair 9 Mallow 221 Common 221 Family 220 Indian 221 Marsh 221 Musk 221 Swamp Rose 222 Virginian 221 Mandrake 154 Man-of-the-Earth 263 Maple 217 Ash-leaved 218 Black Sugar 217 Family 217 Mountain 218 Norway 218 Red 217 Striped or Goosefoot 217 Sugar or Rock 217 Swamp 217 Sycamore 218 White or Silver 217 Marigold, Bur 339 Marsh 147 INDEX TO ENGLISH NAMES. Marjoram, Wild 278 Matrimony-vine 285 May-apple 154 May-weed 340 Meadow-beauty 231 Family 231 Meadow-parsnip 241 Golden 289 Meadow-sweet 172 Medic, Black 196 Melilot 196 Mercury, Three-seeded 212 Mermaid-weed 234 Merzereon Family 280 Mignonette 166 Family 166 Milfoil, Water 235 Family 234 Milkweed 259 Common 261 Green 261 Family 259 Poke 260 Purple 260 Swamp 260 Milkwort 209 Family 209 Sea 252 Millet 36, 38 Mint 281 Corn 282 Family 272 Horse 278 Mountain 279 Pepper 281 Spear 281 Water 282 Wild 282 Mist-flower 320 Mistletoe, American 127 Family 127 Mitrewort 169 False 169 . Moccasin-flower 107 Mocker-nut 119 Moneywort 251 Monkey-flower 288 Moonseed 154 Family 154 Moonwort 7 Moosewood 230 Morning Glory 263 Common 268 Family 268 Small Red 263 Moss, Flowering 250 Motherwort 276 Mudwort 289 Mugwort, Common 842 Western 342 Mulberry Family 125 Paper 125 INDEX TO ENGLISH NAMES. Mulberry, Red 125 White 125 Mullein 286 Common 286 Moth 287 White 286 Musquash Root 240 Mustard, Ball 163 Black 160 Family 157 Garlic 159 Hedge 160, 164 Indian 160 Tower 165 Treacle 165 White 160 Wormseed 165 Myrtle, Sand 247 Wax 118 Naiad 24 Neckweed 291 Nettle 126 Dead 276 False 126 Family 126 Hedge 277 Hemp 276 Horse 284 Wood 126 Nettle-tree 125 Nightshade 284 Beaked 284 Common 284 Enchanter’s 284 Nimble-Will 41 Ninebark 172 Nipple-wort 308 Nonesuch 196 Oak, Barron or Black Jack Bartram 123 {123 Basket or Cow 124 Bear or Black Scrub Black 123 [123 Bur 124 Chestnut 124 Chestnut, scrub 124 Gray 123 Jerusalem 134 Laurel or Shingle 123 Overcup or Post 123 Poison 215 Post or Iron 123 Quercitron or Yellow- Red 122 [barked 123 Rock Chestnut 124 Scarlet 122 Spanish 123 Swamp 122 Swamp White 124 Yellow 124 Water 123 Oak, White 123 Willow 123 Oleaster Family 230 Olive Family 253 A Onion 100 Orache 134 Orange-grass 225 Orange, Mock 170 Osage 125 Root 147 Orchid Family 107 Orchis, Crane-fly 113 Fringed 108 Showy 108 Orpine Family 168 Garden 168 Osier 115 Ox-eye 336, Oyster-plant 309 Painted-cup 292 Pansy 229 Papaw 146 Pappoose-root 153 Parsley Family 236 Fool’s 241 Hedge 239 Parsnip 242 Cow 242 Meadow 241 Water 241 Partridge-berry 299 Passion-flower 229 Family 229 Pea, Beach 203 Butterfly 204 Everlasting 203 Family 194 Milk 204 Partridge 193 Spurred Butterfly 204 Peach 193 Pea-nut, Hog 204 Pear 179 Prickly 229 Pearlwort 142 Pecan-nut 119 Pellitory 127 Pencil-flower 199 Pennycress 159 Pennyroyal, American 279 Bastard 273 False 273, 289 Mock 279 Pennywort 257 Water 237 Pepper, Mild Water 131 Pepper-bush, Sweet 244 Pepper-grass 158 Pepperidge 244 Peppermint 281 397 Pepper-root 163 Periwinkle 258 Persimmon 252 Phlox Family 265 Garden 265 Wild Blue 266 Pickerel-weed 93 Family 93 Pig-nut 119 Pig-weed 133, 135 Pigmy-weed 168 Pimpernel Bennet 240 Common 252 Water 250 Yellow 240 Pine Family 18 Ground 16 Loblolly 19 New Jersey 19 Old Field 19 Pitch 19 Scrub 19 Table Mountain 19 White 18 Yellow 19 Pine-sap 245 Pine-weed 225 Pink 140 Deptford 140 Family 137 Fire 139 Ground or Moss 266 Marsh 255 Rose 255 Swamp 98 Wild 139 Pinweed 226 Pinxterflower 246 Pipewort 91 Family 91 Pipsissewa 245 Pitcher-plant 166 Family 166 Plane-tree Family 171 Plantain 297 Family 297 Indian 342 Mud 93 Rattlesnake 112 Robin’s 332 Water 24 Pleurisy-root 259 Plum, Beach 192 Chickasaw 192 Family 191 [192 Red or Wild Yellow Plumbago Family 252 Pokeweed 136 Family 136 Polypody 9 Pondweed 21 358 Pondweed, Horned 24 Poor Man’s Weather Glass Poplar, Black 115 Downy 115 Necklace 115 White 114 Poppy 155 ; Family 155 Horn 156 Mexican 156 Prickly 156 Potato Family 283 Potato-vine, Wild 263 Primrose, Evening 233 Family 231, Prince’s Feather 131 Prince’s Pine 245 Privet 254 Purslane 137 Family 137 Sea 137 Water 232 Putty-root 113 Pyxie 250 Quaker Ladies 299 Quillwort 17 Family 17 Radish, Garden 161 Wild 161 Ragged-Robin 139 Ragweed 313 Family 313 Great 313 Ragwort, Golden 343 Ramsted 287 Rape 160 Rape, Broom 295 Raspberry 173 Black 174 Dwarf 174 Purple Flowering 174 Rattlebox 195 Rattlesnake-master 238 Rattlesnake-root 312 Rattlesnake-weed 312 Redbud 193 Red-root 105 Reed 39 Bur 21 Rheumatism-root 154 Ribgrass 298 Rice, Indian 39 Mountain 40 Wild 39 Richweed 126, 282 Riverweed 168 Family 168 Rocket 160, 165 American Sea 160 Yellow 161 [252 Rose 178 Cinnamon 179 Dog 179 Family 172 Pasture 178 Prairie 179 Rock Family 225 Swamp 178 Rosemary, Marsh 252 Rose-of-Sharon 222 Roseroot 168 Rosin-weed 335 Rue Family 208 Goat’s 198 Meadow 153 Rush, Bog 94 Club 63 Family 93 Nut 68 Scouring 15 Spike 61 Twig 68 Wood 97 Rutabaga 160 Rye, Wild 56 Sage 278 Wood 273 St. Andrew’s-cross 223 St. John’s-wort 223 Common 224 Family 223 Great 224 Marsh 225 Shrubby 224 St. Peter’s-wort 223. Salsify 309 Saltwort 135 Samphire 135 Sandal-wood Family 127 Sandwort 142 Sea-beach 143 Sanicle 238 Sarsaparilla, Prickly 236 Wild 236 Sassafras 154 Savin 20 Saxifrage 169 Darly 169 Family 169 . Golden 170 Lettuce 169 Swamp 169 Scouring Rush 15 Seal, Golden 147 Sedge 69 Family 57 Seed-box 232 Self-heal 276 Senna Family 193 Wild 194 Sensitive-plant, Wild 193 INDEX TO ENGLISH NAMES. Service-berry 180 : Shadebush 180 Shag-bark 119 Sheep-berry 303 Shell-bark 119 Big 119 Shepherd’s-purse 163 Shin-leaf 245 Shooting-star 252 Sickle-pod 165 Side-saddle Flower 166 Silver-bell Tree 252 Silver-berry 230 Silver-weed 176 Skulleap 274 Hyssop 274 Mad-dog 274 Marsh 275 Skunk-cabbage 89 Sloe 192 Smartweed 129, 131 Water 131 Smilax Family 104 Snake-head 288 Snake-root 238 Black 148, 238 Button 320 Seneca 210 Virginia 128 White 320 Sneezeweed 340 Snowberry 303 Soapwort 140 Solomon’s-seal 103 Sorrel 128 Field or Sheep 128 Wood 207 Sorrel-tree 248 Sour-gum 244 Sour-wood 248 Sow-thistle 309 Common 309 Spanish-needles 339 Spatter-dock 144 Spearmint 281 Speedwell 290 Common 291 Corn 291 Ivy-leaved 291 Marsh 290 Thyme-leaved 291 Water 290 Spice-bush 154 Spider-flower 165 Spiderwort 93 Family 92 Spikenard 236 False 103 Spindle-tree 216 Spleenwort 10 Spring-beauty 137 Spurge 212 INDEX TO ENGLISH NAMES. Spurge Family 211 Mountain 215 ‘Spurrey, Corn 143 Sand 143 Squaw-root 296 Squaw-weed 343 Squirrel-corn 156 Staff-tree Family 216 Stagger-bush 247 Star-flower 251 Star-of-Bethlehem 102 Starwort, Bog 140 Water 213 Steeple-bush 172 Stickseed 268 Sticktight 339 Stitchwort 140 Long-leaved 141 Stonecrop 168 Ditch 168 Family 168 Mossy 168 Storax Family 252 Stork’s-bill 207 Strawberry 175 Barren 176 Indian 175 Wild 176 Strawberry-bush 216 -shrub Family 154 Succory 308 Sugar-berry 125 Sumac 215 Black 215 Family 215 Poison 215 Scarlet 215 Staghorn 215 Sundew 166 Family 166 Sundrops 233 Common 234 Sunflower 337 Common 337 Tickseed 339 Swallowwort, Black 261 Sweating Weed 222 Sweetbrier 179 Sweet Cicely 239 Sweet-gum 171 Sweet-scented Shrub 154 Sweet William 140 Wild 265 Sycamore 171 Syringa 170 Tansy 341 Tape-grass 26 Tare 202 Teaberry 248 Tea Family 222 Mexican 134 Tea, New Jersey 219 ° Oswego 278 359 Velvet-leaf 221 (131 Venus’s Looking Glass 306 Tear-thumb, Arrow-leaved Vervain 271 Halberd-leaved {131 Teasel Family 305 Wild 305 Thimbleberry 174 Thistle 344 Canada 345 Cotton 345 Family 314 Musk 345 Russian 135 Scotch 345 Sow 309 Star 346 Yellow 344 Thorn, Black 192 Cock-spur 186 New Castle 186 Washington 191 Thoroughwax 239 Thoroughwort 317 Thyme 280 Tickseed 338, 339 Timothy 42 Toadflax 287 Bastard 127 Blue 287 Tobacco, Indian 307 Tomato 285 Toothache-tree 209 Toothwort 163 Touch-me-not 218 Pale 218 Spotted 218 Tree-of-heaven 209 Trefoil, Bird’s-foot 198 Shrubby 209 Tick 199 ‘Trumpet-creeper Family 296 Trumpet-flower 296 Trumpet-weed 318 Tulip 101 Tulip-tree 146 Tumbleweed 136 Tupelo 244 Turkey-beard 97 ‘Turnip, Indian 89 Turtle-head 288 Twayblade 112 Twin-leaf 154 Umbrella-tree 146 Umbrella-wort 136 Unicorn-plant 296 Family 296 Valerian 305 Family 305 Greek 266 Blue 271 Family 271 Vetch 202 Common 203 Sensitive Joint 199 Vetchling 203 Viburnum, Sweet 303- Vine Family 219 Violet 226 Bird’s-foot 227 Dame’s 165 Family 226 Green 229 Sweet-scented 229 Sweet White 228 Water 250 Virginia Creeper 220 Virgin’s-bower 149 Purple 150 Wahoo 216 Wake-robin 103 Walnut, Black 119 Family 118 White 119 Watercress 162 Waterleaf 266 Family 266 Water-milfoil Family 234 Water-plantain 24 Family 24 Water-parsnip 241 Water-shield 144 Water-starwort 213 : Family 213 Water-weed 26 Water-wort 225 Family 225 Wheat, Cow 293 Whitlow-wort 143 Willow 115 Black 116 Crack 116 Family 114 Osier 118 Water 297 Weeping 117 White 116 Willow-herb 233 Great 233 Wind-flower 149 Winterberry 215 Wintergreen 245, 248 Chickweed 251 Family 245 Spotted 245 Wistaria, American 198 Witch-hazel 171 Family 171 360 INDEX TO ENGLISH NAMES. Withe-rod 302 Wound-wort 278 Yellow-eyed Grass 91 Wood-Sorrel Family 207 Yellow puccoon 147 Wormseed 134 Yam-root, Wild 105 Yellow-root 148 Wormwood 341 Family 105 Yellow-wood 195 Roman 342 Yarrow 340 Yew, American 20 en Men 45