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RETURN TO
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GAYLORD PRINTEDINU.S.A

 

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The flora of Oxfor

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THE

FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE

BEING A
TOPOGRAPHICAL AND HISTORICAL ACCOUNT

OF THE

FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS

FOUND IN THE COUNTY

WITH SKETCHES OF

THE PROGRESS OF OXFORDSHIRE BOTANY

DURING THE LAST THREE CENTURIES

BY

GEORGE CLARIDGE DRUCE
at

CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE BIRMINGHAM AND NORTHAMPTONSHIRE
NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETIES

PARKER AND CO.
OXFORD, AND 6 SOUTHAMPTON-STREET, STRAND, LONDON
1886
QK

Aob

“DIF FR

A4886 749

@xfory

PRINTED BY HORACE HART, PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY
PREFACE.

Tue object of this work is to give a complete and accurate
list of the plants which have at any time been recorded as grow-
ing in Oxfordshire, either in a naturalised or more or less wild
condition; to trace the history of their discovery, and to give
the special localities where they have occurred. Many of these
records are from the valuable collections in the Botanical
Garden, or from rare books, and in some cases from MS. notes
in copies of old works on Botany.

It is now fifty years since Walker’s ‘ Flora of Oxfordshire ’
appeared, and although this was published nearly half a century
after Sibthorp’s ‘Flora Oxoniensis,’ the additions made were
not numerous, nor was plant distribution traced out with any
degree of completeness. Since the time when it appeared such
strides have been made in the knowledge of the structure,
classification, and distribution of our wild flowers, that a
general Flora of the County was much needed.

Shortly after taking up my abode in Oxford, the MS. notes ,
which Mr. Alfred French, an employé of the British Museum,
had made with an idea of compiling a Flora of Oxfordshire
came (through his premature death) into my possession.
Professor Lawson decided not to go on with the work, and at
the request of the Director of the Botanical Department of
the British Museum I undertook to do so. It will be well

a2
iv PREFACE.

to explain here what portion of the Flora is French’s work—
first, he had copied out all the localities in Sibthorp’s and
Walker’s Floras, and Gulliver’s and Beesley’s Banbury Lists,
and all the Oxford references in the three editions of Ray’s
Synopsis, in the Old and New Botanist’s Guide, the Phyto-
logist, and the Journal of Botany. Secondly, the Oxford plants
in the Herbaria of the British Museum and the Pharmaceutical
Society, and in two or three private Herbaria had been noted.
Thirdly, he had included all his own records.

In this Flora, all French’s personal records will be quoted
with his name attached, but, for the sake of brevity, the records
in the first and second sections will not be so distinguished ;
the reader, it is trusted, will bear in mind that these records
are quoted through French. I have merely checked and if
necessary corrected them. The foregoing will show in what
way, and to what degree I am indebted to his MSS.

This Flora will enumerate about 400 species and varieties
not mentioned in Sibthorp’s or Walker’s Floras, a large propor-
tion of these, it is scarcely necessary to say, being plants of
casual occurrence.

For allowing me to search the Herbaria preserved in the
Oxford Botanical Garden, I must tender my sincerest thanks
to the Professor and Curators; the Library, rich in the
Botanical works of the 16th and 17th centuries, was also
most kindly rendered accessible. To the Keepers of the
Radcliffe, Bodleian, and Merton Libraries I am also indebted.
Mr. W. H. Baxter places me under obligation by his permission
to consult the Herbarium and MSS. (now incorporated in the
University collection) of his father, Mr. W. Baxter. To
Mr. H. Boswell I owe many thanks for an extensive set of
notes on local Botany and for his Moss Flora, and to Miss
Beatrice Taylor for a large list of Fungi. Valuable aid has
also been rendered by Mr. Thos. Beesley, Mr. H. E. Garnsey,
PREFACE. v

My. F, T. Richards, Mr. Bolton King, Rev. F. Bennett, Rev. E..
Fox, Mr. H. Ridley, Mr. F. Arnold Lees, and Mr. J. Bagnall.

The Rev. W. W. Newbould, Mr. J. G. Baker, Mr. Arth. Ben-
nett, and Mr. J. Britten have given advice and assistance with
characteristic generosity.

The Rey. F. Bennett and Mr. H. Boswell kindly assisted in
revising the proof sheets.

In the absence of plates (which would have caused too
great an expense), I would point out to residents in Oxford
that on the reference shelves in the Camera is Syme’s ‘ English
Botany,’ which gives figures of almost all the plants referred to.
When such is the case, the volume, page and plate, are quoted
in the Flora. Unfortunately I was unable to check these
numbers until the book was nearly through the press, so that
several numbers require correction. These are given in the
list of errata.

I can only express my wish that the compilation of this work
had been entrusted to abler hands, and to one with more
leisure at command, but no pains have been spared in con-
sulting the Botanical literature of the last three centuries
in search of Oxford references, or during more congenial hours
(snatched from an engrossing business) in completing the task of
visiting the 300 parishes of the county, to get together records
of plant distribution which, imperfect though they may be in
themselves, may yet serve as a framework for a more worthy
structure. I trust that although errors must have crept in,
that they are not sufficiently numerous to materially affect the
accuracy of the work.

My labour will be quite repaid if Botany be recruited by
a single disciple, or if to one of the many brain workers of
this intellectual centre it may suggest the healthful and re-
storative influences exerted by a botanical walk through the
lovely woods of the chalk downs, or in the more prosaic but
Vi PREFACE.

still interesting and varied country by which Oxford is imme-
diately surrounded.

GEORGE CLARIDGE DRUCE.

VENICE,
April 22, 1886.

Additional notes to the County Flora will be always wel-
comed. They may be sent to the Author, 118 High Street,
Oxford.
CONTENTS.

Introduction
Topography

1. Position

z. Size

3. Soil
Agricultural returns
Elevation of surface
Geology :
Drainage
Botanical districts
Meteorology
Plan of the Flora
List of Authors quoted
Herbaria consulted

» Principal Botanical Workers
Abbreviations used

The Flora proper

Summary .

Oxfordshire Botanologia

The Moss Flora

Lichens

Index

Corrections, Additions

367
371
400
434
441
443
447
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

INTRODUCTION,

TOPOGRAPHY.

Oxfordshire or Oxon lies between 51° 28’ and 52° 13’
N. lat., 0°50’ and 1°43’ W. long., in the centre of England, being
entirely inland. It is bounded on the north by Warwickshire
and Northamptonshire, on the east by Buckinghamshire, on the
west by Gloucestershire and on the south by Berkshire. Its
length is about 50 miles and its breadth varies from 7 to
28 miles. It is very irregular in outline, being in the centre
only about 7 miles across and in the southern part nowhere
more.than 12 miles wide. It contains 14 hundreds, a city,
12 market-towns and about 280 parishes. Its area is about
470,000 acres, the northern portion containing about 320,000,
and the southern 150,000 acres. The county consists roughly
of three distinctions of soil, so well marked by nature as to allow
of little doubt respecting them.

(1) The Red Land of the Northern district, which amounts
to about 80,000 acres, and reaches from Banbury to within
3 miles of Chipping Norton. It includes also the parishes of
Hook Norton, Little Rollright, Tadmarton, Hanwell, Bloxham,
and Mileomb. This is a rich and fertile district, and from an
agricultural point of view may be considered the glory of the
county. The soil is rich, deep, sound, and friable, and is
adapted to a most varied cultivation.

(2) The Stonebrash, of about 164,000 acres, begins on the
border of Gloucestershire at Broughton Poggs and Black
Bourton, extends thence to Brize Norton, Witney, Woodstock;
x FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

omits Bletchingdon but includes Chesterton, Bicester and
Twyford, and steers north by Shelswell, takes in part of
Mixbury and then pursues a south-west direction, including in
its boundary Cottisford, Fritwell, part of Somerton and North
Aston, omits Duns Tew and part of Westcote Barton, includes
Church Enstone, leaves out Sandford, and passes between Little
Tew and Heythrop to Swerford, then takes in Great Rollright,
and touches the Warwickshire boundary at Little Rollright.

(3) The Chiltern district, about 65,000 acres in extent. This
district extends from Chinnor to the valley of the Thames, and
southwards to the county boundary. The basis of this tract of
country is chalk, in some places very white. The chalk is
covered to various depths with Tertiary deposits forming a
sound, dry loam, well adapted to the beech woods with which
so large a portion of its surface is covered. Sainfoin is also
a peculiar product of the district. Flints abound even on some
of its best soils. The White Mustard takes the place of
Charlock as a weed in the corn-fields.

In The Agricultural Returns for 1881 and 1882 Oxfordshire.
is stated to contain 470,095 acres. Under crops, bare fallow and
grass, In 1881, 417,677 acres; in 1882, 417,606 acres.

Corn Crops.

1881. 1882.

55,193 59,417
51,856 47,808
31,091 28,096

434 555
13,601 14,018
6,526 7,892

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Potatoes

i 1,704
Tomnips 34,424
Mangold 4,487
Carrots 107
Cabbage 1,396
Vetches 10,431

 

 

 

 
INTRODUCTION. xi

1881. 1882,
Clover, Sainfoin, and Grasses under Rotation 45,341 44,564
Permanent Pastures not broken up ......... 148,799 149,150
Pax) i es sscissw aes na tavaanndnonnuhteaansaanseeacien I
Bare Mallow: exes vousenedeciactatumetaence ise 11,652 12,928
Woods, Coppices ..........ccseeeeceaeecenseeeeees 21,661

Elevation of Surface. The surface of the county is very
diversified, varying from the flat meadows bordering its rivers,
to the rounded knolls of north Oxford and the chalk downs of
the south ; but on the whole there is a gradual slope from the
north and west to the south and east over the Liassic and
Oolitic strata, till the chalk hills are met in the south, through
which the Thames has cut its channel.

A continuance of the Cotteswold gives to the western side
a considerable elevation, Epwell Hill rising to 743 feet, and
the high ridge forming the Warwickshire boundary at the
Rollright Stones, 737 feet, Enstone sinking to 495, and Wood-
stock to 333, while the meadows near Buckingham are 264
feet. The Cherwell at Banbury is 300 feet, and after its
junction with the Isis at Oxford is about 190 feet. Ben-
sington is 150 feet, and Henley is 120 feet above the sea level.

The long range of the Chilterns runs north-easterly from
Goring, and reaches at Nettlebed the height of 696 feet.
Nettlebed and Nuffield 698 feet, and Woodcote of almost equal
elevation, form a plateau most interesting in its floral treasures
and commanding extensive and varied views. Towards the
Bucks border, overlooking a large extent of level country,
thickly studded with picturesque villages, rises to a height of
809 feet the bold chalk down called Beacon Hill, a prominent
object in the chalk range when seen from Shotover or Wood

Perry.
GHOLOGY.

Space only allows a brief sketch of the geology of the county
to be given. The following works on local Geology may be
enumerated for the convenience of those wishing to fully study
the subject.

The Geology of Oxford and the Thames Valley 1871. Sections
of the Strata near Oxford. Journ. Geological Society, vol. av.
xii FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

pp. 118-307, 1859. Prof. Phillips. South-Eastern Attenuation
of the lower Secondary Rocks and probable depth of the Coal
Measures under Oxfordshire, 1859, EZ. Hull, Journ. Geol. Soc.,
vol. avi. p. 63. On the Chalk in Oxfordshire, Journ, Geol. Soc.,
nol. uvit. p. 166, 1861, W. Whitaker. Geology of the Eastern
portion of the Banbury and Cheltenham Railway, T. Beesley.
Geological Proceedings, vol. v., No. 4. Geology in Kelly’s
Directory of Oxon, Berks, and Bucks, 1883, by W. Jerome
Harrison.

The Ordnance Maps of the County:—Geological Survey, whole
sheets, no. 7, 13, 34, 443 quarter sheets 45 N.W., 45 S.W.,
45 V.L., 45 SL, 53 S.W., with descriptive memoirs. Geology
of part of Oxfordshire and Berkshire by Hull and Whitaker.
Geology of Country round Banbury, Woodstock, Bicester, and
Buckingham by A. H. Green. Geology of the Country round
Woodstock by EH. Hull. Geology of the London Basin by
W. Whitaker.

The Geological formations met with in Oxfordshire are—

Marlstone.
Upper Lias Clay.
| Inferior Oolite.

Lower Lias Clay.

Great or Bath Oolite.
Forest Marble.
Cornbrash,.

Oxford Clay.

Lower Calcareous Grit.
Coral Rag.
Kimmeridge Clay.

MIDDLE OOLITE .........

 

UPPER OOLITE ............ Portland Sand.
Portland Stone.

CRETACEOUS LOWER... Lower Greensand.

Gault.
CRETACEOUS UPPER id Upper Greensand.
Chalk.
FIOCHIN ED ccsseauseieotaetvescaces Woolwich and Reading Beds.

POST-PLIOCENE-DRIFT, High Level Gravels and Clay, Low
Level Gravels.

In the extreme north-west of the county are found the oldest
rocks, and as the county is traversed from the Warwick boundary
INTRODUCTION, xii

to Henley, newer and newer beds are passed over, which lie
one upon the other and all slanting towards the south-east;
the beds of the various formations running in irregular lines
from the south-west to north-east.

The Lias. The Lower Lias shows itself as a bluish clay in
the district drained by the Stour, near Ascott, and more
extensively in the Cherwell valley which is cut down to the
same formation from the Warwick border to Lower Heyford.
The Worton brook drains another extensive portion from Great
Tew to the Cherwell, and the Lower Lias is again present on
both sides of the Evenlode valley as far south as Charlbury.
There are but few sections; but one near Banbury shows a
hard, shelly limestone with numerous fossils; it is locally called
Banbury Marble; it takes a fair polish and is worked into
chimney-pieces.

Marlstone or Middle Lias forms a broad elevated plateau
situate between the Warwick border on the north and the
Swere brook. It has outliers of Upper Lias upon it to the west
and south of Banbury, and a terrace runs along the east side
of the Cherwell to Rousham, a more or less detached strip
occurring also on the western side. It also crops out in narrow
slips on both sides of the Evenlode valley, and portions of it are
also seen at Great Tew, Little Tew, Heythrop and at Enstone,
where the Glyme valley has been excavated into the Marlstone.

The top of the plateau of Marlstone, which is a sandy lime-
stone more or less coloured by iron oxides, extending 5 or 6
miles north-west and south of Banbury, is called the Rock bed,
and at Adderbury is largely worked for iron ore; in 1874 as
much as 36,000 tons, valued at 72211., having been excavated.
Ore also exists at Fawler, Swalecliffe, etc. Rhynchonella tetra-
hedra, R. rimosa, Terebratula resupinata, T. subpunctata, T.
Edwardsii, etc. are characteristic fossils often found in masses
called ‘blue jacks’ by the workmen. Thlaspi perfoliatum,
Genista tinctoria, Polygonatum multiflorum are rare plants
found on this stratum.

Upper Lias Clay. This consists of bluish clay and shales
which once entirely covered the Marlstone, but have been so
denuded as now to consist only of narrow strips and outliers.
In some cases portions are let down by faults into the Marlstone
xiv FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

and thus saved from denudation. In the Evenlode valley they
exist as a narrow strip on each side, becoming gradually thinner,
until between Charlbury and Stonesfield they entirely disappear.
Other strips are seen in the upper portion of the Glyme valley
about Enstone and Heythrop, and in the Cherwell valley from
Rousham northwards. Outliers may be observed at Steeple
Barton, Milcomb, Bloxham, etc. At the base of these Liassic
clays ‘lies a thin but well-marked series of whitish marly clays,
with bands of white or cream-coloured earthy limestones’ which
have been well investigated by Messrs. Beesley and Walford.
The characteristic fossils include Ammonites serpentinus, A.
bifrons, A. Normanianus, A. annulatus.

Lower Oolites. The Northampton sands, as some sandy
beds which are found upon the Upper Lias beds in North
Oxfordshire, are called. Epwell Hill, 743 feet high, is capped
with these sands, which also cover the Rollright ridge and
stretch southwards to Chipping Norton and east to Duns Tew
and Steeple Aston. Wigginton, South Newington, Crouch
Hill and Tadmarton camp are capped with them and many
outliers are found to the south and south-west of Banbury.
A narrow strip of country on each side of the Cherwell valley
from Souldern to Upper Heyford is also covered with them.
Although the term Northampton sand is given to this forma-
tion, it is necessary to bear in mind that it includes two
formations, the lower part belonging to the Inferior Oolite, the
upper portion to the Great Oolite. Eastwards, in Lincolnshire
and North Northamptonshire, these beds are separated by
a thick bed of limestone which has thinned out so as to allow
these two sands to run together and to become almost indis-
tinguishable. Ammonites Murchisonie is a typical fossil of the
Inferior Oolitic sands.

The high ground capped with these sands yields many in-
teresting plants, such as Filago minima, F. apiculata, Gna-
phalium sylvaticum, Galium saxatile, Teesdalia nudicaulis,
Ornithopus perpusillus, Avena flecuosa, caryophyllea, and pre
cox, Calluna and Rubus Ideus.

Great or Bath Oolite. To the south of the district covered
by the Northampton sands the beds known as the Stonesfield
slates occur in the form of a laminated sandstone, splitting
INTRODUCTION, xV

readily along the bedding planes into slabs thin enough to be
used for roofing purposes. Immense numbers of fossils, not
only of animals but of plants, have been met with in them,
characteristic series of which are preserved in the University
Museum. At Sarsden there are several quarries from one of
which bones of a pterodactyle have been obtained. As a rule this
stone does not form good building material, but the Tainton
quarries have produced the most durable stone in the county;
Burford Church, Blenheim Palace, the inside of St. Paul’s
Cathedral and many old buildings in Oxford being composed
of this Tainton stone.

Many sections of these beds are exposed in the Dorne and
Evenlode valleys. On the Stonesfield bed rests a group of lime-
stone marls and clays 20 or 30 feet in thickness, which forms
the upper band of the Great Oolite. This bed entering the
‘county on the west, passes by Burford and Wychwood, spreads
out in a flat plateau on which Ditchley, Kiddington, Worton,
Glympton, Steeple Barton, etc. are situate. It also borders the
Windrush river at Asthal, Minster Lovell, and Witney. As it
crosses the Cherwell it becomes much narrower, but on the
east side of the river it spreads out into an extensive tract of
country to the Northamptonshire boundary; Cottisford, Mix-
bury, Fritwell, Ardley, etc. standing on it. The rock forms
a, tabulated surface, intersected by narrow channel-like valleys
and sloping gradually to the south at an angle of about 1°
nearly corresponding with the dip of the beds. In fact it forms
a repetition of the Marlstone plateau and, like that, is dotted
over with outliers, in this case of Forest Marble capped by
Cornbrash and Oxford Clay. East of the Cherwell it is
covered with a thick deposit of drift which gives an undulating
surface to the country about Cottisford and Hethe. Good
sections are exposed by Enslow bridge, fossils are numerous, thick
beds of Terebratula occurring in excellent preservation. The
escarpment of the Great Oolite is much broken by faults, and
the beds are much shaken about and tilted. The total thick-
ness of the beds is estimated at 200 feet. The rarer plants
found on the Great Oolite are Stachys germanica, Salvia
pratensis, Thlaspi perfoliatum, Astragalus danicus, Cynoglossum
montanum, Monotropa, the latter plant occurring on two small
xVi FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

outliers, one at Islip and one at Middleton; in the latter place
it is associated with Cephalanthera pallens. Clematis vitalba,
Carduus eriophorus and Brachypodium pinnatwm are also
frequent on the Oolite. :

Forest Marble. This sub-formation of the Great Oolite is
so-called from its occurrence in Wychwood Forest, of which it
forms a large portion. It consists of hard, flaggy limestones,
much ripple marked and often formed of broken oyster shells
cemented together by carbonate of lime. It is about 25 feet
thick and from Wychwood the outcrop of the rock runs
between the plateau of Great Oolite and Cornbrash to Bucknell,
where it is cut off by a fault bringing up the Great Oolite.
There is a large outlier in Blenheim Park and another at
Dornford ; near Tadmarton a portion is let down into the Great
Oolite by a fault. Thin inliers are seen in the brook courses
north of Bicester and the formation is also seen in the centre
of the inliers of Cornbrash at Islip and Oddington. South-
wards towards Witney it becomes very thin and reaches its
southern exposure at Brize Norton.

Cornbrash. This, the higher formation of the Lower Oolite,
consists of a group of limestones from 6 to 15 feet thick, very
regular in its bedding and as constant in its occurrence as the
Forest Marble is erratic. The limestones are either rubbly
or solid. In colour they are blue internally, but weather to
a cream colour or brown. The arable land where this rock
forms the subsoil is of a deep reddish-brown colour. Its typical
fossil is the pretty Avicula echinata. The outcrop of the Corn-
brash runs from Brize Norton by Witney in a narrow strip to
Woodstock, where it broadens out northwards so as to take in
Tackley, narrowing to a few hundred yards as it crosses the
Cherwell, after which it again widens to 2 or 3 miles from
Kirtlington by Bicester to Fringford, forming a flat uninteresting
country. A curious row of inliers brought up along an anti-
clinal line stretching far eastwards occur as dome-shaped masses
rising out of the flat dull plain of the Oxford clay and on these
inliers the villages of Islip, Oddington, Chesterton, Merton, and
Ambrosden have been built. The arable land on the Cornbrash
is well adapted to the growth of wheat. Few characteristic
plants occur.
INTRODUCTION,: XViL

Middle Oolites. The Oxford Clay, a thick blue clay
weathering on the surface to yellow, commences in the form of
a low ridge of wet ground rising above the flat surface of
Cornbrash, and covers a broad tract of the county from
Lechlade, by Bampton, Ducklington, South Leigh, Yarnton,
Hampton Poyle, the dreary flat of Otmoor, to the Bucks border,
forming remarkably dull and unpicturesque country. Outliers
occur at Wilcote, Ramsden Heath, Coombe, Tackley Heath,
and Kirtlington; everywhere it forms a cold stiff land difficult
to cultivate and often under pasture. The London and North
Western line from Bletchley passes almost entirely over this
formation, and passengers by it obtain little idea of the varied
and beautiful character of much of the Oxfordshire scenery.
Near Oxford the clay is about 600 feet thick. Gryphea dilatata is
a typical fossil. The surface of the clay is rendered less heavy-
and dull by a thick deposit of Drift, the Wychwood outliers
being capped with a high level quartzose gravel reaching an
elevation of 500 feet. To this gravel deposit we owe the oc-
currence of several ericetal plants and its juncture with the clay
is shown by some springs which still yield Sphagnum and a
few uliginal plants. Tackley Heath is also covered with gravel
drift, on which Rosa spinosissima occurs, and North Leigh is
similarly formed, but in this case Ulex Gallii, Calluna, Sagina
nodosa are the plants we owe to it, the clay underneath
holding up the water and thus giving a home for Eleogiton
fluitans and Peplis portula. The common plants of the Oxford
Clay are Senecio tenuiflorus, Picris echioides, Juncus glaucus ;
Mentha piperita, Stellaria palustris, Rumew maritimus being
confined to it or to the alluvium with which it is covered.

Lower Caleareous Grit forms a layer about 70 feet thick,
and consists of yellow sands occasionally bound together by
a calcareous cement and very changeable in character. In.
Berkshire it is found on Wytham Hill and in Oxfordshire ‘it
forms a tabulated area on which are built Headington, Elsfield,
Beckley, and Stanton St. John;’ and although this attains no
great height, very extensive views over the Clay and Cornbrash,
districts of Oxfordshire may be obtained from the summit of
the northern escarpment. Turritis glabra, Vicia lathyroides are.
found on it, and the small valleys which flow from the northern,

b
XVI FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

and western escarpments afford the most interesting bog plants
in the county. Capping this formation is the Coral rag, which
is largely composed of shells and corals, Isastrea and Fhecosmilia
being especially frequent. The Coral rag with its associated
beds, as it has been said, forms a tabulated area to the east of
Oxford, the beds sloping gradually to the south at an angle of
1°. In Berkshire it stretches in a nearly continuous band of
variable width from Faringdon to Sandford and crossing the
river into Oxfordshire joins the area stretching from Iffley
north and eastwards. Its sudden disappearance at Wheatley is
probably owing to an unconformable overlap of Kimmeridge
Clay. The beds here are extensively quarried, and form an
anticlinal dipping under the Kimmeridge Clay in every direc-
tion from the centre. The beds are lowered by a fault which
at Forest Hill brings the Lower Green Sand against the Coral
Rag; at Holton the strata are overlapped by Kimmeridge
Clay. The quarries at Headington have supplied much of the
stone for building purposes in Oxford, Wadham College being
one of the best examples, but the stone is not durable and
should be laid so as not to expose the bedding planes.
Kimmeridge Clay. This is a very stiff dark blue or olive-
green clay, sometimes sandy and occasionally with bands of
fossiliferous limestone. Its thickness in Oxfordshire is about
100 feet, and it stretches in a very irregular outline from Sand-
ford to Thame, forming flat pasture land about Toot Baldon,
Cuddesdon, and Horspath. Its upper limits are much obscured
by a thick drift deposit capping the higher ground from
Wheatley to Thame. Crystals of selenite are not uncommon in
it, and are frequent in the brick pits at Headington. Ostrea
deltoidea is common. On Shotover its junction with the
Portland Sands is marked by numerous springs, about which
Drosera, Blysmus and other bog plants were formerly found.
Portland Sands are some brownish sands resembling the
calcareous grit, in structure differing in the peculiarly rounded
lumps which the sandstone forms. It is well seen in a small
quarry on Shotover Hill. The.beds are from 50 to go feet
thick but make no great show in the county. They form the
lower zone of the Shotover range, which may be considered to
extend southwards as far as Garsington and Cuddesdon, The
INTRODUCTION. xix

Portland Stone is a white limestone, which is worked at
Garsington. A second isolated area of Portland Stone occupies
the high ground west of Great Haseley and Great Milton;
another portion is found east of Thame. The Haseley quarries
formerly yielded Ophrys aranifera.

The iron sands capping Shotover are coloured on the Geo-
logical Map as if they belonged to the Lower Greensand.
Much controversy has taken place respecting them, some
authorities suggesting that they are Purbeck beds, the top of
the Jurassic system, but they are now more usually referred to
the Wealden—a fresh-water formation, the occurrence in them
of some fresh-water Crustacea supporting this theory. On the
eastern side of Shotover, the sands (Wealden) rest on the Kim-
meridge Clay without any Portland between them. These:
sands are rich in vegetation, Gnaphalium sylvaticum, Ornitho-
pus, Tanacetum, etc. occurring.

The Cretaceous Formation.

The Lower Greensand consists of an area extending from
Culham to Burcott, and southwards to Clifton Hampden. Along
the northern side the beds form an elevated ridge overlooking
the Thames, and at Nuneham, where this ridge is well wooded,
gives a scene of considerable beauty. East of Chiselhampton
this formation is covered by an overlap of the Gault, but
reappears at Albury and Great Haseley, the country between
Albury and Thame being deeply covered with northern drift.
Ammonites Deshayesii and Terebratula Silla occur in this
formation. Jasione and Aspidium angulare are found on it.

The Gault is a pale blue clay, about 200 feet thick ; and,
unlike the distribution of the Lower Greensand, the Gault
extends in an unbroken band across the country from Dorchester
to the Bucks boundary near Thame. The ground formed by it
is generally flat and marshy, and Rumeax maritimus occurs on it
about Albury, and the Fritidlaria is found in its Thame
meadows about Chiselhampton.

The Upper Greensand extends parallel with the Gault.
in a belt of variable width from Mongewell to Bensington,
South Weston, and Chinnor to the Bucks border.

ba
xx FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

The Chalk. The most striking feature in South Oxford-.
shire is the bold chalk escarpment stretching in an indented
line of considerable beauty from Goring to Bledlow, at Nuf-
field rising to 698 feet and at Chinnor to 809 feet. The
table-land is split up into many branching dry valleys. North
of Watlington are three outliers, at Gilton hill, at Adwell
where there is a tumulus, and another to the north-west of
Pyrton. The junction of the lower chalk with the green sand
is well marked by a line of springs about which have been
built the pretty villages of Mongewell, Shierburn, Lewknor,
Aston Rowant, Chinnor, and Bledlow, the latter being especially
interesting.

The Lower Chalk is usually rather darker in colour than the
Upper and has but few flints. It is about goo feet thick and
constitutes all the chalk country north of the escarpment, up
which it extends for some distance, as also along the large
valleys which have been worn through it. Between the Lower
and Upper Chalk occurs a hard rock called the Rock band,
which forms the crest of the Chiltern Hills. It never contains
flints and varies from 3 to 7 feet in thickness. On this rests
the Upper Chalk, about 300 feet thick, containing flints in large
numbers always in the planes of bedding. This Upper Chalk
stretches to the east and south as far as the county boundary.
The plants limited to the chalk include Linaria repens, Fu-
maria Vaillantit, Orchis simia and militaris, Cephalanthera
ensifolia, Gentiana germanica, Iberis amara, Hypericum mon-
tanum.

Tertiary Period. The Eocene is represented by outlying
fragments of the Reading beds in the form of mottled, tena-
cious clays, free from calcium carbonate, generally arenaceous.
At Nuffield there is a small patch of sand on the highest part
of the hill. On Watlington hill they exist as light brown
coloured sand and clay with rounded flints. It is evident that
these Reading beds once covered the chalk from which they.
have been removed by denudation, traces of them are found
about Hailey wood, and at Stokenchurch a plastic clay belongs
to this formation. Other outliers exist at Stoke row, Tur-
ville common, Woodcote common, Maidengrove, Hollandridge,
Ibstone, and Nettlebed, the latter being capped by London Clay.
INTRODUCTION. Xx1

At Binfield Heath and Caversham they cover more than a square
mile; in the latter place the London Clay is brought in by two
faults at its eastern end. It consists almost wholly of bluish
grey clay, in which are septaria, and is much covered by gravel.

These outliers of the Tertiary are very important factors in
Botanical distribution, the stiff clay holding up the water in
small ponds, in which Peplis, Helosciadium inundatum, Littorella,
Ranunculus truncatus occur, and when covered as at Binfield
with sandy gravel, afford a home for Centunculus, Radiola,
Scutellaria minor, Ulex nanus, Erica tetralia, L. cinerea, Nardus
stricta, Aira flexuosa, etc.

The Drifé has already been frequently mentioned. To the
occurrence of this in the form of the high level gravels the
existence of our ericetal flora is especially due. The low level
gravels have been formed by the present rivers cutting their
way and reassorting the older drift pebbles.

The Alluvial deposits may be seen by the Windrush river
from Witney to its junction with the Isis, where they are
nearly a mile wide, and also in the rich water-meadows of the
Cherwell and Thames, Port Meadow being a good example.
Caltha palustris, Cardamine amara and pratensis, with the
Fritillaria, are especially noticeable features of their flora.

DRAINAGE.

Oxfordshire is almost entirely included in the Thames
basin, the area of which, according to the report of the Rivers
Commission, is about 5162 square miles. The greatest length
from Trewsbury mead to the estuary of this basin is 201 miles:
its greatest breadth is from Priors Marston in Warwick to Fern-
burst in Sussex. It includes besides Oxfordshire the whole or
nearly the whole of Berks, Bucks, Herts, Middlesex, Surrey, a
third of Gloucestershire, a fourth of Essex, a sixth of Wilts and
Kent, and small portions of five other counties.

The Thames rises on the south-eastern slope of the Cots-
wolds, reaches Oxfordshire at Kelmscott near Lechlade, and
forms the county boundary between Oxford and Berks, thence
to Henley, receiving in its course to Wolvercote the Charney
brook, the Windrush, and the Evenlode.
XXL FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Mr. Stacey calculated its dry weather summer flow between
Wolvercote and Wytham was 11620 cubic feet per minute

Its dry weather winter flow 22624 5 a

Rainy weather winter flow 35498 9 ”

During floods, winter flow 70996 <6
As the catchment basin of the Cherwell is aloes as great
as that of the Thames above Wolvercote, i.e. about 600 square
miles, these figures may be doubled for the amount passing
Iffley.

At Oxford the Thames is joined by the Cherwell, which rising
at a summit level of about 450 feet in Northamptonshire receives
in its southern course many small tributaries; at Dorchester
the Thame rising at about 450 feet enters the Thames, which
then receives no other important stream from Oxfordshire in its
southern course.

The Ouse rises in Northamptonshire, and only drains a
small tract of north-east Oxfordshire.

The Stour drains a still smaller tract of north-west Oxford-
shire, which is the only portion of it belonging to the Severn
basin.

BOTANICAL DISTRICTS.’

Based upon the river drainage these are as follows :—

(1) The Stour district of the Severn drainage.

(2) The Ouse a5 3 Ouse %

About nine-tenths of the county isin the Thames drainage
—-which we may divide into—

(3) The Swere or Upper Cherwell district.

(4) The Ray or Lower .

(5) The Isis or Upper Thames, inelading the Windrush and
Evenlode, and the main stream north of Oxiowd:

(6) The Thame or Mid-Thames, including the main stream
of the Thames from Oxford southwards to Mongewell, and the
country north of the lower Chalk.

(7) The Thames or Lower Thames, including all the county
south of the Upper Greenstone formation.

Berkshire localities are inserted for the use of Botanists
living near the border and are principally chosen from the
Oxfordshire side of the county. When the plant occurs in the
INTRODUCTION. xxii

border counties, those counties are quoted, unless the plant is
common and is found in all of them.

1. The Stour district contains only about six square miles
of country, in the extreme north-west of Oxfordshire ; it is
bordered on the west by Warwickshire, on the north-east by the
turnpike road from Brailes to Tadmarton Camp, a portion of
which is included in it ; on the south it is limited by the turnpike
road from Tadmarton Camp, by Mill Farm, to Holly Hill Farm,
to the Warwick boundary. This small triangular district is
drained by the Stour, which rises, at Stour’s well, from the high
ground near Tadmarton, and runs thence westward to the county
boundary, receiving near Temple Mill a small stream, which
rising near Tyne hill, passes through Birdrupp and Sibford
Ferris, and is itself recruited by another brook, flowing from
Handywater Farm. The eastern side of this Stour district is
formed by the escarpment of the Tadmarton range of hills, and
had not the top of Tadmarton Camp covered as it is with the
Northampton sands been included, there would be scarcely an
interesting plant found in it, consisting as it does of an area of
arable land (with the exception of a bushy common) entirely
under cultivation. Tadmarton Camp, however, forms one of the
richest tracts for the Botanist in north Oxfordshire. On its sandy
soil occur Yeesdalia Iberis, DC, Filago minima, Gnaphalium
sylvaticum, Filago apiculata, Ulex nanus, Ornithopus per pusillus,
Avena precon, A. caryophyllea, A. flexuosa, Cuscuta epithymum,
Hypericum humifusum, Galium saxatile, Rubus Idoeus, Sisym-
brium thalianum, Cerastium arvense, Stellaria graminea, Sper-
gularia rubra, Sarothamnus vulgaris, Rubus pallidus, Hieracium
Pilosella, Erica tetralix, E. cinerea, Erythrea pulchella? Digita-
lis, Euphrasia, Pedicularis sylvatica, Calamintha Acinos, Echium
vulgare, Myosotis collina, M. versicolor, Sagina ciliata, Carex
pilulifera, Sawifraga granulata, Hieracium boreale, Festuca
ovina, and Agrostis vulgaris. Mentha sylvestris grows in the
lane adjacent.

2. The Ouse district isa small tract situated in the north-
east of the county, about 8 miles long, and varying from 2 to 5
miles broad. Its boundaries are difficult to describe, but
roughly they may be said to follow a line beginning on the
table-land about half a mile east of Somerton, and turning
XXIV FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

northwards to include Fritwell, sweeping round to include Hor-
well Farm, and joining the turnpike road to Brackley, which then
forms the border to the Northants boundary, marching with that
county to the Bucks border, the river Ouse itself limiting it to
the north-east. Its eastern boundary is Buckinghamshire by
Goddington to Poodle Farm. Its southern border is along the
road from Poundon to Fringford, the latter place being included
in it, then strikes off westwards so as to take in Hethe Braid,
Stoke Lyne, Swift’s House, to Ardley, where the Castle is
probably the top of the watershed, and continues from Ardley
towards Somerton, just omitting Chilgrove and Somerton field
barn. The drainage is principally by a small stream rising a
little east of Somerton, flowing by Fewcott, Stoke Lyne, and
Hethe Braid, to Fringford, and thence by Goddington into
Bucks. The main stream of the Ouse forms the county boundary
for 4 or 5 miles, draining the parishes of Mixbury and Finmere.
Geologically it is almost entirely on the Great Oolite, the surface,
however, being much obscured by drift deposits. Near Fringford
there is a small area on the Cornbrash. The most interesting
portions are Cottisford Heath, Tusmore and Hardwick Heath
(Oolite overlaid with flint gravel) which yield Gentiana Ama-
rella, Orchis pyramidalis, Carlina vulgaris, Campanula glome-
rata, Leucojum vernum (extinct), Helianthemum vulgare, Stellaria
graminea, Hypericum pulchrum, Rubus rhamnifolius, R. leuco-
stachys, R. rudis, R. Koehlert, R. diversifolius, Rosa tomentella,
Lt. pruinosa, R. latebrosa, Parnassia palustris, Galium verum,
Carduus acaulis, C. lanceolato-crispus, C. nutant-crispus,
Linaria spuria, Calamintha Acinos, Typha latifolia, Potamo-
geton densus, Carex binervis, Gymnadenia conopsea, Brachypo-
dium pinnatum, Triticum caninum, Polystichum aculeatum,
Hypericum humifusum. Ardley wood yields Daphne Mezereum
(adv), Helleborus viridis, Aquilegia vulgaris, Campanula Trache-
lium, Hyrthrea centaurium, Luonymus, Berberis, Hordeum syl-
vaticum.

Other interesting plants of the district are Thalictrum
riparium, Trifolium medium, Ribes nigrum, Geranium pyrenat-
cum, Tanacetum, Malva moschata, Valeriana dioica, Alchemilla
vulgaris, Lithospermum officinale, Hippuris, Nepeta Cataria,
Lysimachia nemorum, Astragalus glycyphyllus, Spirca Pilipen-
INTRODUCTION. XXV

dula, Reseda lutea, Callitriche obtusangula, C. hamulata, Verbena,
Ceratophyllum, Onopordon, Digitalis ? Ornithogalum umbella-
tum, Calamintha menthefolia, Pinguicula, Carex flava.

The scenery of the district is very tame, an uninteresting
series of ploughed fields bare of trees being the prevalent feature.

The Cherwell drainage forms two districts, viz. the Upper
Cherwell or Swere district, and the Lower Cherwell or
Ray district, whose boundaries are as follows :—

8. The Swere or Upper Cherwell district is a large tract in
the north of the county,.about 17 miles long, from Claydon to
Somerton, and 22 miles wide, from Rollright to Stratton
Audley. On the south-west it commences at Over Norton
Common and follows very nearly upon the line of 1°31 long., by
Great Rollright to the Warwick boundary; this it follows
until it meets with the Stour district, at the north-west corner
of which it again follows the Warwickshire boundary north-
wards, by Epwell and Shenlow hills, and the southern escarp-
ment of Edgehill, by Mollington (which it excludes) to Claydon,
and Claydon Hay, to the three shire stones. Hence it marches
with the Northamptonshire boundary southwards, by Warding-
ton and Chalcomb, to Banbury, where the Cherwell forms the
boundary between the two countiesas far south as Aynhoe. The
Swere district, however, follows the Northants boundary east-
wards, by Souldern to Round Hill Farm, when turning round
westerly it bounds the Ouse district on the north, as far as
Somerton, thence it follows an arbitrary line across the Cherwell
valley to the ‘Fox and Crown,’ near Dunstew. From Dunstew
westward its boundary follows the watershed of the Worton
brook along the turnpike road through Ledwell, Great Tew, to
Over Norton Common.

Besides the main stream of the Cherwell, this district is
drained by the Swale brook, the Swere, the Worton brook,
the Tor brook, the Croughton brook, and other small
streams.

The Cherwell itself rises in Northamptonshire, from the high
ground (at least 450 feet) about Charwelton (which in a mile
radius also gives rise to the Leam and Avon), and enters
Oxfordshire at Wardington, flowing south by Cropredy, where
a skirmish took place between Rupert and the Parliamentarians,
XXV1 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Here a small stream comes in which supplies water to the
summit-level of the Oxford Canal. Passing by Williamscott
to Banbury, the river, which has hitherto flowed through a
broadly undulating tract, now reaches a more contracted valley,
and cuts through ridges of more unequal elevation. Between
King Sutton with its fine church spire, a prominent object in
the landscape, and Aynhoe, home of the Cartwrights, the
Cherwell is considerably reinforced by the Swale brook, whose
three heads rising from the high western hills run at first in
small glen-like valleys, draining that elevated tract which
stretches from Edgehill to Tadmarton. The first of these
heads is a stream, which flows by Horley, Drayton, and
Wroxton; the second, the Torbrook, runs, like the foregoing, in
a Liassic valley with Marlstone bands at some height above the
stream, by Alkerton and Shutford ; the third passes by Epwell,
Swalecliffe, and the peculiar pentagonal mound called Madmars-
ton camp, and the three unite near the picturesque Broughton
Castle, and thence flow by Bodicot and Adderbury (birthplace
of William Cole), to the Cherwell, which is immediately after
reinforced by the Swere. This stream comes from the high
ground near the far-famed Rollerich Stones, and drains by its two
heads Hook Norton, Swerford, Wigginton, South Newington,
then dividing Barford St. John from Barford St. Michael, and
leaving Deddington to the south, is, as it has been said, received
into the Cherwell near Aynhoe. After a southern course of about
2 miles the Cherwell, near Clifton, receives from the east the
Croughton Brook; and 2 or 3 miles further on the Worton
Brook, which runs through the park of Great Tew, by Lower
Worton and the Castle mound, to the Cherwell near Chilgrove.
The best botanising ground in this district is to be met with
on the western hills, capped as they are with the Northampton
sand. Tadmarton heath will be found to yield many of the
species given for Tadmarton camp in the Stour district. At
Hook Norton occur Paris quadrifolia, Polygonatum multi-
Jflorum, Aspidiwm aculeatum, Narcissus major, Orobus tuber-
osus, Centaurea Cyanus, Digitalis, Polygonum Bistorta, Ver-
bena, Scolopendrium,; at Swerford Spiranthes autumnalis,
Hypericum quadrangulum, Orobus tuberosus, Monotropa, Poly-
gonum Bistorta, Habenaria viridis, Ophrys apifera, Spiranthes ;
INTRODUCTION. XXVii

at Barford Rosa mollissima, Orobanche elatior Sutt., O. minor,
Pieris hieracioides, Vulpia myuros. At Horley Chrysosplenium
oppositifoliwm occurs. Hanwell plantations yield many semi-
naturalised plants, and the district round affords Scirpus syl-
vaticus, Hypericum pulchrum, Veronica officinalis, Valeriana
dioica, Pedicularis sylvatica, Orchis latifolia, Nardus stricta,
Ophioglossum, etc. On Epwell heath occur Digitalis, Orobus
tuberosus, Ulex nanus. Shutford has several interesting plants,
including Parnassia and Menyanthes, both very rare in North
Oxford. Filago minima occurs at Crouch hill, near which
also is Lithospermum officinale : Cephalanthera pallens is found
in a spinney at the extreme north of the county. Bretch, near
Banbury, on an outlier of the Oolite, yields a characteristic oolitic
flora, strangely contrasting with that of the surrounding country,
in Alsine tenuifolia, Anthyllis vulneraria, Hippocrepis comosa,
Astragalus glycyphyllus, Spirea Filipendula, Echium, Allium
vineale, Trifolium striatum, T. arvense, T. scabrum, Torilis
nodosa, Hieractum Pilosella, Campanula glomerata, Myosotis
collina, Saxifraga granulata, Carex precoz and Triglochlin
palustre.

The Cherwell itself is bordered by Butomus, and Nitella
opaca has been found in it with Potamogeton natans, com-
pressus, pusillus, etc. Clattercut reservoir has Alopecurus
fulvus, Nasturtium terrestre.

The scenery to the west of Banbury. is very varied, and its
flora, though fragmentary, the district being highly cultivated,
is fairly representative. Among the plants which ought to
be found are Hypocheris glabra and Equisetum syluvaticum,
while systematic work would repay the investigator.

4. The Ray or Lower Cherwell district is about 13 miles
long, from Somerford in the north, to Oxford in the south,
and 12 wide, from Sturdy’s Castle to Piddington. On the
north it is bounded by the arbitrary line running from Duns-
tew, easterly to Somerford, whence it extends south of the Ouse
district to the Bucks border near Goddington Hall. It then
follows the county boundary southwards, by West Stan Hill,
Piddington, Muswell hill, Arncott hill, Bourstall lane, to
Studley, striking off thence in a south-westerly direction,
between Blackwater and Stanton wood, to the Coralline oolite
XXVili FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

plateau, on which, at the New Inn, it turns south-easterly by
the road to Stanton St. John, to Forest Hill and follows the
London road to Oxford. This boundary is artificial, and one
which does not take in the whole of the Cherwell drainage, ex-
cluding as it does about 200 acres on the south of the road. As,
however, this portion is the northern escarpment of the Shotover
range, which geologically belongs to the Thame district, this
boundary has been selected instead of a purely natural one in
order to avoid confusion. From Oxford the boundary follows
the Banbury road as far as Stratfield farm, pursues a north-
westerly direction to Round Castle, and thence runs nearly due
north, on the 1.20 line to Sturdy’s Castle, by Tackley Heath
and Hopcroft’s Holt to Dunstew—the Banbury turnpike road
fairly marking the boundary from Sturdy’s Castle northwards.

The main stream of the Cherwell between Somerton and the
Heyfords, passes through interesting ground, rich in marsh
plants, and its waters are frequently ornamented in its southern
course by masses of white and yellow lilies. Passing Rousham,
at Northbrook bridge, the Cherwell finally leaves the Liassic
strata, and enters on the Oolitic. Flowing by Tackley heath,
and Kirtlington park, past Epslow quarries, and the road-
side festooned with Clematis, it enters upon the Oxford Clay,
which forms henceforward its bed, as it curves by Hampton,
through its flat alluvial meadows by Kidlington and Water
Eaton. Near Islip it receives the Ray, a many-headed
stream; one of its largest feeders, rising in Buckinghamshire
near Edgcott, enters Oxfordshire near Piddington, and drains
—if this term can be appropriately applied—the flat ugly marsh
of Otmoor and the bare country round. Another feeder comes
from Poundon, by Bicester, and joins the Edgcott brook at Merton,
the Bicester brook, receiving near Wendlebury a stream rising
on the Oolite near Ardley, continuing in a tongue of that
stratum, nearly through the belt of Cornbrash to Chesterton,
whence its passage southwards is through the Oxford Clay.
Several other brooks serve as feeders but they possess little
interest, so we rejoin the Cherwell at Water Eaton, which cuts
its way through pretty scenery to Marston, its banks adorned
with fine old willows and handsome thorns, while its waters here
and there show Hydrocharis and Typha angustifolia. Leaving
INTRODUCTION. XIX.

on the west Magdalen’s lovely pile, it meets the Isis or upper
Thames in classic ground at Oxford.

About Upper Heyford occur Genista tinctoria, Geum rivale,
Dipsacus pilosus, Trifolium medium, the first and last being
especially fine on the railway banks from Upper Heyford to
Tackley ; the marshy meadows yield Cardamine amara, Geum.
rivale, Parnassia, Valeriana dioica, Menyanthes, Pedicularis
palustris, Rumex maximus? Triglochlin, Orchis latifolia, Erio-
phorum angustifolium, Carew ampullacea, C. paniculata, etc.
The higher ground on the Oolite supplying Geraniwm lucidum,
Anthyllis, Hippocrepis, Spirea Filipendula, Rosa sepium, Petro-
selinum segetum, Carlina, Picris, Melampyrum pratense, Origa-
num, Calamintha Acinos, Nepeta Cataria, Orchis pyramidalis,
Ceterach, Juniperus.

About Middleton Stoney is the classic locality for Salvia
pratensis. On an outlier of the Oolite in the Cornbrash near
Middleton occur Cephalanthera pallens and Monotropa. The
quarries near Kirtlington Station have, in addition to many
of the plants enumerated above, Z'rifolium subterranewm. The
railway cutting near has Ophrys apifera, Scolopendrium, etc.
Near Tackley Narcissus poeticus, N. biflorus, N. major, N.
Pseudo narcissus, Orobus tuberosus, Rosa spinosissima, occur.

Kirtlington and Weston peat-pits yield Salvia pratensis,
Schenus nigricans, Menyanthes, Parnassia, Epipactis palustris,
Molinia, Orchis latifolia.

Otmoor has for its special plants a profusion of Polygonum
maculatum, Ginanthe Phellandrium, Stellaria palustris, Mala-
chium aquaticum, Atriplex deltoidea, Polygonum minus ; its
more uncommon plants, relics of an older flora, being Rumex
palustris, R. maritimus, Samolus, Pulicaria vulgaris, Juncus
compressus, Carex vesicaria, Utricularia vulgaris, Hydrocharis,
Veronica scutellata, etc. Others less typical of a marshy tract,
and some owing ‘their occurrence to the inliers of Cornbrash,
are Rosa decipiens, R. andegavensis, R. bibracteata, Anthemis
nobilis, Epilobium tetragonum, Daphne laureola, Ribes sylvestre,
Carex pilulifera, Bidens tripartita, Lactuca virosa, Verbena,
Mentha subglabra, Chenopodium polyspermum, Typha angusti-
folia, Habenaria viridis, Ophioglossum vulgatum, Geum rivale,
Carex strigosa? Narcissus Pseudo narecissus, etc. Beckley
xxx FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

with Stow Wood and Headington Wick form perhaps the
most interesting portion of botanising country in central Eng-
land and their scenic attractions are almost equally great.
The following list shows the obligations an Oxford botanist is
under to the Coralline Oolite plateau and its escarpments—
Ranunculus parviflorus, Aquilegia, Sisymbrium Thalianum,
Arabis hirsuta, Turritis glabra, Lepidiwm campestre, Spergularia
rubra, Viola palustris, Silene anglica, Hypericum humifusum,
H. pulchrum, Malva moschata, Geranium rotundifolium, G.
lucidum, Genista tinctoria, Trifolium medium, T. arvense, T.
subterraneum, T'. scabrum, Vicia lathyroides, Lathyrus sylves-
tris, Spirea Filipendula, Geum rivale, G. intermedium, Potentilla
procumbens, Alchemilla vulgaris, Rubus cordifolius, Rosa rubi-
ginosa, R. implexa, Sedum Telephium, Saxifraga granulata,.
Epilobium palustre, Parnassia, Hydrocotyle, Ginanthe Lache-
nalit, Adoxa, Galium uliginosum, G. erectum, Onopordon,
Cirsium eriophorum, C. anglicum, Gnaphalium sylvaticum,
Picris hieracioides, Carduus nutanti-crispus, Serratula tinc-
toria, Inula COonyza, Centaurea Cyanus, Gentiana Amarella,
Campanula Trachelium, C. glomerata, Verbena, Pedicularis
palustris, P. sylvatica, Melampyrum pratense, Menyanthes,
Linaria elatina, L. spuria, L. viseida, L. vulgaris, Origanum, Ca-
lamintha Acinos, Nepeta Cataria, Teucriwm scorodonia, Echium,
Lithospermum officinale, Anchusa arvensis, Myosotis collina,,
Pinguicula, Anagallis tenella, Lysimachia nemorum, Daphne
Laureota, Huphorbia amygdaloides, Triglochlin, Zannichellia
palustris, Neottia, Orchis incarnata, O. latifolia, O. angustifolia,
Gymnadenia conopsea, Epipactis palustris, E. media, Paris,
Gagea, Allium ursinum, Luzula maxima, Schenus, Eriophorum
angustifolium, E. latifolium, Carex pallescens, C. dioica, C.
pulicaris, C. panicea, C. paniculata, C. echinata, C. Hornschu-,
chiana, C. flava, C. ampullacea, C. preecox, Avena caryophyllea,
A. precox, Calamagrostis Epigeios, Koehleria cristata, MJolinia,
cerulea, Avena pubescens, Triodia, Poa nemoralis, Brachypodium
pinnatum, Bromus erectus, Ophioglossum vulgatum, Athyrium
Flic femina, Aspidiwm dilatatum, A. spinulosum, Chara:
hispida, Lquisetum Telmateia, Ophrys apifera, Samolus, Scirpus
multicaulis, S. pauciflorus, Iris Pseudacorus, vera.

Marston and its meadows yield Apium graveolens, Ranunculus
INTRODUCTION. xxxi

Lingua, Typha angustifolia, Potamogeton serratus, Ranunculus
Drouetit, Carex axillaris, C.vesicaria, Habenaria viridis, Lathyrus
Nissolia, Fritillaria, Mentha cardiaca, Rosa tomentosa, Blysmus,
Pedicularis palustris, Hottonia, Callitriche obtusangula, Dipsa-
cus pilosus, Rosa Watsont, Pimpinella major, Anagallis tenella,
Valeriana dioica, Myriophyllum spicatum, Avena pratensis,
Vulpia myuros, Catabrosa aquatica, Festuca triflora, Carda-
mine amara, Stellaria palustris, Bromus racemosus, Polygonum
mite.

Other interesting plants of the Cherwell district are Lonicera
Caprifolium, Myogalum nutans, O. wumbellatum, Narcissus major,
Helleborus viridis, Lamium hybridum, L.maculatum, L. decipiens,
Catabrosa, Salix rubra, amygdalina, viminalis, Smithiana,
purpurea, Nasturtium amphibium, sylvestre, Silene noctiflora,
Ranunculus sceleratus, Cicuta virosa, Asplenium Adiantum
nigrum, Trichomanes.

5. The Isis or Upper Thames district is a large tract
of country drained by the Thames from its entrance into
the county to its union with the Cherwell at Oxford, including
the country drained by its tributaries, the Windrush and Even-
lode. It is 22 miles long, and 18 broad in its extreme length
and breadth. Its boundaries are as follows:—In the north-
west corner, where the counties of Warwick, Worcester,
Gloucester, and Oxford meet at the Four Shire stones, the district
is bounded on the north by Warwickshire, and follows the
county line in a north-easterly direction till it meets with the
Stour district about Hotley Hill farm. It then turns directly
south, by Great Rollright to Over Norton Common, when the
Upper Cherwell or Swere district forms its northern border to
Dunstew, and also its eastern border to Oxford. Its southern
limit is the Thames from Oxford to Kelmscott, Berkshire being
separated from it by that river. Its western border is Glouces-
tershire from Kelmscott northwards to the Four Shire stones.

The Thames enters Oxford, as it has been said, at Kelmscott,
passing through flat and not very interesting country, to the
ancient bridge of Radcot, and through broad alluvial meadows,
by Bampton with its spire, a prominent object in the landscape;
and on through ‘low meadows often overflown by rage of rain,’
as Leland says, in which the Charney brook assists, by adding
XXX FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

the waters it has collected from Broughton Poggs, Alvescott,
Bampton, and Aston. Then by Standlake Common (now a topo-
graphical expression), it receives the Windrush, a stream of
considerable beauty, over 30 miles long, which rises on the
Cotteswolds at about 900 feet summit elevation, enters Oxford-
shire near Burford, with its fine church of Tainton stone, and
drains that tract of the country, once grassy down, fragrant
with thyme, and adorned with Pulsatilla, Herminiwun, Cineraria,
and Ophrys aranifera, but now denuded of these, and converted
into arable ground, bare and bleak, and only showing at intervals
on its road borders on the site of some old quarry, too barren
to be utilised, traces of its former floral glories. Nor, as the
stream hurries (or as Drayton writes, ‘scowres’ to join the
Thames) by Minster Lovell to Witney does the aspect of the
country favourably compare with that which it exhibited to the
eighteenth century botanist, when Wychwood covered with its
sylvan beauty and its rich profusion of flowers the fields,
which even Murray now describes as desert-like in barrenness.
Still, some of its old hedgerows show Anemones and Stachys
germanica; but it is through country comparatively of small
botanical interest, that the Windrush hastens by Witney
(despoiled to a great extent of its glory), Ducklington,
and Cokethorpe’s alluvial meadows into the Thames, which
bends northwards by Stanton Harcourt and Bablock Hithe,
to Eynsham, where some small brooks draining South Leigh
(home of Sibthorp) come in; it then leaves on the south the
Beacon Hill. Near Cassington the Evenlode brings in its turbid
waters, at its commencement gathered in a wide tract of Lias, at
a low summit level, between Stow and Icomb, a feature of consider-
able interest to the physiographist. It runs about 30 miles from
its source, to its juncture with the Thames, in winding sweeps,
whose general direction is almost parallel with that of the Wind-
rush; entering the county near Kingham, it flows by Bruern’s
antique abbey, by Shipton, the lingering home of Botrychium,
and by Ascott to Charlbury, where the Wychwood streams add
to its volume, draining as they do the pools in Cornbury quarries
with their hawthorn-covered sides, From Charlbury to Handboro
the river flows in curves of great beauty, bordered by cliffs
whose hanging woods are here and there adorned with the
INTRODUCTION. XXXlll

pencilled flowers of the wood vetch, or starred with Gagea, and
filled with masses of primroses, while the broad meadows of
Liassic clay are covered with an extent of emerald pasture,
whose continuity is only broken by brilliant Marsh Marigolds,
or pale, faint, Cuckoo flowers. Between Charlbury and Hand-
boro so sinuous is the stream that the railway crosses it nine
times in 6 miles; Stonesfield, with its quarries, being about
midway between the two places. Near Bladon, the Evenlode
is reinforced by the Glyme, a two-headed stream, one branch
draining Heythrop, the other Enstone, and uniting above
Kiddington to drain Ditchley and Glympton, and the once rich
common land of Wootton Heath. Here the Glyme is joined by
the Dorne, whose source is likewise near Heythrop, but strikes
off easterly to Westcott Barton, when it turns southwards almost
parallel with, and not far distant from, the Cherwell, till it
joins the Glyme above Woodstock, where having ornamented
Blenheim Park, it is itself in turn absorbed by the Evenlode,
which now flows by Church Handboro and Cassington into the
Thames. Round the handsome headland near Wytham with its
Cephalanthera haunted woods the Thames with its rich aquatic
vegetation curves with a bold sweep to the northwards in a
course of great geological interest, until near Yarnton it again
bends to the south, by Godstow’s ruined walls, by the Hottonia
frequented ditches of Port Meadow and Binsey, and the Lim-
nanthemum ornamented pool: of Medley, to the Senecio covered
walls of Oxford.

Wychwood is still the most interesting place to visit in this
district, and its vistas—through its fine hawthorns, its hanging
woods, with their profusion of pale primroses, and meadow
saffron, its glades blue with columbines, or starred with mal-
odorous garlic, the beauty of the fine old beeches in the Park,
and the contrast of the lonesome pools, bordered with Bartramia
moss forming carpets of brightest green, are quite sufficient in
themselves to attract a town-dweller even if the following list of
its plants had been more meagre in numbers or poorer in
quality—Cynoglossum montanum, Ranunculus parviflorus, Hel-
leborus fotidus, H. viridis, Aquilegia, Menchia, Montia, Maloa
moschata, Trifolium striatum, T filiforme, Astragalus glycyphyllus,
Vicia sylvatica, Spiraea Filipendula, Alchemilla vulgaris, Sorbus

c
XXXIV FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

torminalis, Campanula glomerata, C. Trachelium, Gentiana
Amarella, Erythrea, Menyanthes, Atropa, Verbascum nigrum,
Veronica montana, V. officinalis, Pedicularis sylvatica, Lathrea,
Origanum, Teucrium Scorodonia, Ajuga reptans var. carnea,
Cynoglossum officinale, Polygonum minus, Daphne Mezereum()),
Polygonum Bistorta, Triglochlin, Orchis pyramidalis, Habenaria
bifolia, Narcissus Pseudo narcissus, Convallaria, Gagea, Allium
ursinum, Scirpus setaceus, Carex pulicaris, C. pallescens, C. pani-
culata, C. stellulata, C. pilulifera, C. flava minor, Calamagrostis
Lpigeios, Avena precow, A. pubescens, Melica uniflora, Vulpia
scturoides, Nardus, Trichomanes, Botrychium, Polypodium
Robertianum, Ophioglossum, A. Adiantum nigrum, Salvia pra-
tensis, Asperula odorata, A. cynanchica, Lithospermum officinale,
Lysimachia nemorum, Ophrys apifera, Blysmus.

Charlbury and Stonesfield quarries yield Arabis hirsuta,
Thlaspi perfoliatum, T. arvense, Alyssum calycinum, Lepidium
campestre, Viola permiata, Saponaria, Alsine tenuifolia, Malva
moschata, Geranium rotundifolium, Anthyllis, Trifolium medium,
TL. scabrum, Astragalus glycyphyllus, Hippocrepis, Onobrychis,
Ervum tetraspermum, E. gracile, Lathyrus sylvestris, Orobus
tuberosus, Rosa micrantha, R. Kosinciana, Asperula cynanchica,
Cirsium eriophorum, Inula Conyza, Crepis taraxacifolia, C.
fetida (2), Verbascum nigrum, Melampyrum pratense, Lathrea,
Origanum, Calamintha Acinos, C. menthefolia, Stachys ger-
manica, Salvia pratensis, Echium, Anagallis cerulea, Rumex
pulcher, Ophrys apifera, O. muscifera, O. pyramidalis, Paris,
Scolopendrium, Petroselinum sativum, Draba brachycarpa.

Witney to Handborough by North Leigh is an in-
teresting part: its principal plants being Silene dichotoma,
Sagina nodosa, Hypericum humifusum and pulchrum, Ulex
Galli, Trifolium filiforme, Ervum gracile, V. sylvatica, Peplis
Portula, Callitriche obtusangula, C. pedunculata, Hydrocotyle,
Pimpinella major, Bupleurum rotundifolium, Asperula odorata,
Cirsium eriophorum, Pieris, Inula Conyza, Hieracium boreale,
Atropa, Veronica montana, V! scutellata, Lathreea, Orobanche
elatior, Mentha piperita, M. sylvestris, Melissa, Teucrium scoro-
donia, Cirsium anglicum, Stachys annua, Rumex pulcher, Ama-
ranthus retroflecus, Zannichellia repens, Carex flava, C. pulicaris,
Eleogiton fluitans, Juncus diffusus, Triodia, Molinia, Melica,
INTRODUCTION. “XXXV

Nardus, Poa nemoralis, Equisetum Telmateia, Aspidium spinu-
losum and dilatatum, Habenaria viridis, Isolepis setaceus.

The quarries about Burford, Tainton, and Minster Lovell
have Polygala calcarea, Saponaria, Alsine tenuifolia, Astragalus
danicus, Spirea Filipendula, Ophrys aranifera, O. pyramidalis,
Stachys germanica, Avena pratensis and other interesting plants.

About Woodstock and neighbourhood are found Helleborus
fetidus, Thlaspi perfoliatum, Viola permixta, Cerastium arvense,
Geranium rotundifolium, Sarothamnus, Hippocrepis, Lathyrus
Aphaca (1), Rosa mollissima, Enanthe peucedanifolia, G. fluvia-
tilis, Asperula cynanchica, Filago spathulata, Erigeron acre,
Monotropa, Menyanthes, Atropa, Hyoscyamus, Lathraa, Mentha
sylvestris, M. cardiaca, Stachys germanica, Lithospermum offici-
nale, Cynoglossum officinale, Anagallis cerulea, Ophrys apifera,
Iris fetidissima, Gagea, Juncus compressus, Avena pubescens,
Koehleria, Trichomanes, Ceterach.

The district about Port Meadow and Wolvercote contains—
Sagina nodosa, Ervum gracile, Lathyrus Nissolia, Poterium
dictyocarpum, Myriophyllum verticillatum, M. pectinatum, M.
spicatum, Hippuris, Callitriche obtusangula, C. hamulata, Suwm
latifoliom, Gnanthe fistulosa, Zi. fluviatilis, Bidens tripartita,
Erythrea pulchella, Limnanthemum, Veronica scutellata, Pedi-
cularis palustris, Mentha Pulegium, Teucrium Scordium(?),
Utricularia vulgaris, Hottonia, Samolus, Atriplea deltoidea, Cheno-
podium hybridum, C. rubrum, C. polyspermum, Rumex mart-
timus, Polygonum minus, P. mite, P. maculatum, Aristolochia,
Salia rubra, S. purpurea, 8. ferruginea, 8. rugosa, Ceratophyllum,
Potamogeton compressus, P. Friesii, P. flabellatus, Triglochiin,
Ophrys apifera, Allium vineale, Rhyncospora alba, Eleocharis
E. acicularis, Isolepis setaceus, Carew pendula, C. Pseudo
Cyperus, C. vesicaria, Asplenium Adiantum nigrum, Chara con-
traria, OC. Hedwigii, CO. vulgaris var. papillata, var. refracta, var.
longibracteata, Stellaria palustris, Crepis taraxacifolia, Solanum
nigrum, Senecio crassifolius, S. vernalis, Helosciadium ochrea-
tum, Hydrocharis Morsus rane, Malachium aquaticum, Stellaria
neglecta, Nasturtium amphibium, N. palustre, N. sylvestre. = .

In the west, Bruern woods contain Corydalis claviculata,
Rubus calvatus, Juncus diffusus, Orobus tuberosus, Hypericum
humifusum, Potentilla procumbens, Rubus Radula, Rk. Koehleri,

c2
XXXVI FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

R. diversifolius, Blechnum spicant, Aspidiwm spinulosum, A.
dilatutum, Hieracium boreale, Carex ovalis, Agrostis canina,
Callitriche pedunculata.

The meadows about Bampton afford Witella opaca, Calli-
triche obtusangula, Rosa mollis, Bromus commutatus and race-
mosus.

6. The Thame or Mid-Thames district is a portion of
eountry about 13 miles long from Oxford to Mongewell, and 17
wide from Culham to Bledlow, entirely in the Thames drainage.
On the north it is bounded by the Ray district, which has an
artificial border in the London road from Oxford to Forest
Hill. The line then follows the watershed by Stanton St. John
northwards, by Woodperry to Studley, where it joins the
Buckingham border, marching with it southwards by Water-
perry, Shabbington, Thame to Henton, here turning south-west
thence the boundary is the lower chalk formation, which pro-
ceeds in a well-marked line by the villages of Chinnor, Crowel,
Aston Rowant, Lewknor, Shierburn, Pyrton, Brightwell Salome,
Brightwell Baldwin, Fyfield farm and Crowmarsh, to the
Thames at Mongewell, which forms its western boundary, to
Oxford. The Thames from Oxford to Sandford flows through
meadows rich with Fritillaries, its banks are bordered with the
sweet-scented Acorus, and its waters are inhabited by Potamo-
geton prelongus, flabellatus and compressus, Zannichellia macro-
stemon, Enanthe fluviatilis, etc., and near Sandford appears for
the first time in the river’s course the lovely Leucojum estivwm.
Bendinground under the wooded heights of Nuneham to Abingdon,
and curving again towards Culham, the stream finally separates
itself from the Upper Oolites to enter the Cretaceous beds, here
the Lower Green-sand, through whose conglomerate rock it
cuts its way by picturesque Clifton Hampden to Day’s Lock,
beloved by artists. Shortly after, opposite the northern side of
bold Sinodun hill, comes in the Thame which owes its parentage
to the Oolitic rocks of Quainton and Brill, and the lower chalk
escarpments of Tring. The Brill water enters Oxfordshire near
Studley Priory (a home of Aristolochia), meeting near Men-
marsh Farm a small stream which has its origin on the north-
eastern escarpment of the Coralline oolite plateau near Woodperry,
the united streams flow in an irregular course between Waterperry
INTRODUCTION. XXXVI

and Holton woods. Here comes in a brook which rises on the
north side of Shotover, at first its waters being half choked by
Chrysosplenium, but gathering force on its way it forms the
ornamental waters at Shotover House, and passing near Holton
quarries, once the locality for the Spider Orchis, then flowing
eastwards to the south of Holton wood, it joins the Boarstall
stream, meeting the Thame near Holton Mill. That river enter-
ing Oxfordshire at Thame, forms the boundary between Oxon
and Bucks, by Shabbington, north of Waterperry, where leaving
Bucks it turns south by Waterstock, Wheatley, and Cuddesdon.
South of Cuddesdon it receives the Haseley brook, which has
drained a considerable extent of country from Adwell, Tetsworth,
Haseley and Little Milton. Shortly afterwards, near Chiselhampton,
comes in the Chalgrove brook, issuing like the former stream from
the chalk near Lewknor, and draining Cuxham, Chalgrove, Ascot,
and Stadhampton. South of Chiselhampton the Thame receives
from the north the Baldon brook, which rises near Garsington,
and flows by Toot and Marsh Baldon. The Thame then passes
Newington and Drayton and flows by the fine abbey church of
8. Birinus at Dorchester to the Thames, which now proceeds
southwards by Shillingford, Bensington, and Wallingford, to
the fine old elms of Mongewell.

Besides the Thame the Thames in its progress from Oxford
has received a few small feeders, in themselves unimportant, yet
the first interesting from the fact that it drains the south side
of Shotover, Bullingdon Green and Cowley Marsh. This
forms one of the most varied and prolific excursions to the
Oxford botanist, only yielding to the Stow Wood and Headington
excursion in the richness of its flora. The plants recorded
from the above-mentioned places are as follows :—Ranunculus
parviflorus, Aquilegia, Arabis hirsuta, Lepidium heterophyllum,
Alsine tenuifolia, Spergularia rubra, Montia, Androsemum,
H.humifusum, H. pulchrum, Geranium rotundifolium, G. pyre-
naicum, Trifolium subterraneum, T. striatum, T. scabrum,
Ornithopus, Lathyrus Nissolia, L. sylvestris, Hippocrepis, Orobus
tuberosus, Spirea Filipendula, Potentilla procumbens, Rubus
rhamnifolius, cordifolius, R. thyrsoideus, leucostachys, ampli-
ficatus, Salteri, rudis, Radula, preruptorum, Koehleri, pallidus,
glandulosus, Rosa tomentosa, rubiginosa, micrantha, Pyrus
XXXVI FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Pyraster, Peplis, Sedum Telephium, Sauxifraga granulata, Chry-
sosplenium oppositifolium, Parnassia, Hydrocotyle, Petroselinum
segetum, Pimpinella major, Adoxa, Asperula cynanchica, Valeri-
ana dioica, Valerianella mixta, Onopordon, Cirsium eriophorum,
Carduus nutanti-crispus, Serratula, Centaurea Cyanus, Gnapha-
lium sylvaticum, Senecio saracenicus, Bidens cernua, Lrigeron acre,
Hieracitum umbellatum, H. boreale, Tanacetwm, Jasione, Cam-
panula Trachelium, C. glomerata, Gentiana campestris, G. Ama-
rellu, Veronica officinalis, V. montana, Pedicularis palustris, P.
sylvatica, Melampyrum pratense, Orobanche major, O. minor,
Calamintha menthefolia, Nepeta Cataria, Echiwm, Teucrium
Scorodonia, Lithospermum officinale, Myosotis collina, M. versi-
color, Pinguicula vulgaris, Lysimachia nemorum, Anagallis
tenella, Plantago Coronopus, Rumex sanguineus, Daphne Laureola,
Euphorbia amygdaloides, Potamogeton polygonifolius, Trigloch-
lin, Orchis latifolia, O. incarnata, Ophrys apifera, Spiranthes,
Lpipactis palustris, E. latifolia agg., Cephalanthera pallens ?
Botryanthus, Luzula maxima, Blysmus compressus, Eleocharis
multicaulis, Scirpus pauciflorus, Isolepis setaceus, Eriophorum
latifolium, E. angustifolium, Carex dioica, pulicaris, divulsa,
paniculata, echinata, pilulifera, pallescens, Hornschuchiana,
Jlava, ampullacea, Calamagrostis Epigeios, Avena pubescens,
Tricdia, Koehleria, Molinia, Bromus erectus, Melica uniflora,
Poa nemoralis, Catabrosa, Glyceria plicata, G. pediculata, Vulpia
myuros, V. sciwroides, Nardus, Blechnum spicant, Aspidium
Oreopteris, Botrychium, Lycopodium clavatum, L. selago, Equise-
tum sylvaticum, Drosera (the six latter being almost certainly
extinct), Hquisetum Telmateia, Stachys ambigua, Samolus, Typha
angustifolia, Aspidium lobatum, A. spinulosum, A. dilatatum, A.
Lilie fomina, Ceterach, A. Adiantum nigrum, Fumaria muralis,
Draba brachycarpa.

From Marsh Baldon and Nuneham are recorded Genista
anglica, Jasione, Aspidium angulare, Eranthis hyemalis, Pulmo-
naria, Agrimonia odorata, Salix rugosa, Spergularia rubra.

In addition to the plants noticed as occurring between Oxford
and Sandford may be mentioned Siwm latifolium, Gnanthe
peucedanifolia, Polygonum maculatum, Carex vesicaria, C.
Pseudo Cyperus, Utricularia, Hydrocharis, Brassica sylvestris,
Atriplee deltoidea, Thalictrum Morisonii, Ranunculus Jluitans,
INTRODUCTION. B00: :¢

R. penicillatus, Caltha Guerangerii, Tulipa sylvestris, Valeria-
nella carinata, Geranium pyrenaicum, Sedum dasyphyllum,
Erigeron acre, Picris arvalis, Cochlearia Armoracia.

The district about Rycote yields Rumew maritimus, Triglochlin,
Ranunculus hederaceus, Chenopodium polyspermum, Rosa Reuteri,
R. subcristata, R. verticillacantha, Rosa systyla, Fritillaria.

Dorchester and its neighbourhood give Acorus, Butomus,
Anagallis cerulea, Spergularia rubra, Rosa tomentosa var. sub-
globosa, R. mollissima, Brassica sylvestris, Agrostis nigra, Rosa
scabriuscula, Ceratophyllum, Hyoscyamus niger, Erysimum
chetranthoides, Nasturtium amphibium, Ptarmica vulgaris.

7. The Thames or Lower Thames forms a district about
16 miles long, from Hilton on the east border near Bledlow to
Sonning; and about 10 miles wide from Goring to Henley;
entirely in the Thame drainage. Its northern boundary is
the Thame district, the line being drawn along the separation
of the Upper Greensand from the Lower Chalk. On the east it is
bordered by the county of Bucks, which stretches round south-
wards to Henley, where the Thames divides it from Berks west-
wards to Mongewell. The course of the Thames is so well-
known that space need not be occupied in describing the various
beauties of the river scenery in its southern journey by South
Stoke, Goring, Whitchurch, Maple Durham to Reading, the
names of these places being household words, and their present-
ments, more or less accurate, having been hung on the Academy
walls from year to year. Lovely as is this riparian portion of
the district, the interior offers almost as much to the pedestrian ;
the number and variety of its woods being most remarkable,
and whether these consist of trees of the translucent leaved
beech in early summer on the high grounds of Chinnor or
Stokenchurch, or the smaller coppices in which the white beam
is the prevailing feature, as on the northern slopes, or of that
delightful blending of oak, beam, and beech about Nuffield,
rising as these do in gradual rounding slopes with all the
charming sweep peculiar to the chalk formation; or as at
Ipsden where fine hollies, grand old yews, slender cherries, and
picturesque thorns are mingled in rich luxuriance; in either
instance the visitor will enjoy their striking beauty, intensified
as it will be, when through their vistas he sees stretched out
x] FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

before him the fertile country studded with villages across to
Shotover and Dorchester, and far beyond this the long line of
larches near Tadmarton Camp; or, looking southwards over the
broken lines of the Bucks chalk hills, he may in favourable
climatal circumstances catch a glimpse of the spire of Harrow,
or see the Thames in sinuous course turn by Marlow towards
Clifden. To the botanist these woods offer all the charms of
solitude and freedom; he may wander for miles through verdant
alleys whose groundwork begins in early spring with the glossy
gold of the smaller celandine, followed by the pale stars of the
wood Anemones, and myriads of primroses, these giving place to
sheets of hyacinths “that seem the heavens upbreaking through
the earth,” the blue being here and there relieved with the
Yellow Archangel or brightened with Stitchwort; still later on
the Bluebells are replaced by masses of the fragrant Woodruff,
and these by the more sombre colouring of the Bugle. Then
come the creamy white flowers of the Helleborine, the dull livid
spikes of the Bird’s-nest Orchis, and the blue Forget-me-nots
giving place to a galaxy of summer flowers, brightening in later
months into the brilliant yellow of the Ragworts and purple of
the Foxgloves.

The grassy downs too in spring are resplendent with the
Milkwort in all its purity of colour, whether of that typical blue
which rivals the Swiss gentian in beauty, or fading into white or
blushing to pink; while mixed with the Milkwort, and if yielding
to it in loveliness yet excelling it in floral display, are brilliant
patches of the rich orange yellow Hippocrepis. Later on appear
the rosy crimson spikes of the Pyramidal Orchis, and the pale
lemon flowers of Lady’s Fingers, and the drooping blue flowered
Campanula. The arable land seems scarcely besmirched with
cultivation; even there glitter bright masses of Yellow Mustard
that warrant the Laureate’s simile of the knight’s shield which
“Shone far off as shines a field of charlock in the sudden sun
between two showers.” And if perchance the land have remained
fallow, the bright flowers of Iberis, sometimes suffused with rich
purple, the glaucous foliage of rare Fumarias, the deep crimson
petals of the hybrid poppy, the bright rosy pink spikes of Sain-
foin and Yellow Toad-flax, combine to form a varied show.

And, as for the hedgerows, as George Eliot says, “it was worth
INTRODUCTION. xl

the journey only to see those hedgerows, the liberal homes of
unmarketable beauty,” covered as they are with tangled masses
of Traveller’s joy, and formed of white beam which a puff of
wind whitens as you look, intermingled with the dark foliage of
the true cherry, the glossy spinous-leaved holly, and “starred
with pale pink dog-roses.” The Tertiary-covered commons are
rich with a profusion of Blackberries in almost endless variety,
over which hover such multitudes of Scarlet Admirals and
Painted Ladies that the place seems full of sentient life. In
other places these commons are covered with sweet short turf of
brightest green in which hide the aromatic Chamomile, the
smallest trefoil, and heath galium, or again glow as the
golden furze takes possession and forms a prickly mass whose
continuity is here and there broken by some small pond with
its surface covered with the large white flowers of the water
buttercup. In addition to the charm exerted by the great
variety of flowers is the pleasure of seeing the scattered cottages
with their kind and pleasant inhabitants, free from the squalor
of too many of our villages, and enjoying rude health in this
purest air.

Plants occurring on the Lower Chalk from Mongewell to
Princes Risboro, including the north side of the Chalk escarp-
ment.

Papaver hybridum, Fumaria densiflora, parviflora, § Vaillanti,
Arabis hirsuta, Alyssum calycinum, Thlaspi arvense, Iberis
amara, Riseda lutea, Helianthemum vulgare, Viola mentita, Poly-
gala vulgaris, P. calearea, P. oxyptera, Cerastium arvense, A lsine
tenuifolia, Hypericum angustifolium, H. montanum, Genista
tinctoria, Anthyllis, Hippocrepis, Onobrychis, Prunus Cerasus,
Poterium muricatum, Spirea Filipendula, Rosa micrantha, asper-
nata, foetida, subglobosa, mollissima, Sorbus Aria, S. Aucuparia,
Pyrus communis, Sedum Telephium, Saxifraga granulata, Sam-
bucus Ebulus, Galium Cruciata, G. erectum, Asperula cynanchica,
Valerianella dentata, Centawrea decipiens, Anthemis arvensis,
Filago spathulata, Cineraria campestris, Inula Conyza, Erigeron
acre, Picris, Campanula glomerata, Specularia, Monotropa hypo-
pithys, M. hirsuta, Gentiana germanica, G. Amarella, Atropa.
Verbascum nigrum, Linaria repens, Veronica montana, Chlera
perfoliata, Linaria vulgari-striata, Orobanche elatior, O. minor,
xii FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Verbena, Origanum, Calamintha Acinos, Stachys arvensis, Gal-
eopsis Ladanum, Echium, Plantago intermedia, Daphne Laureola,
Thesium, Carpinus Betulus, Juniperus, Orchis pyramidals,
ustulata, militaris, Simia, Gymnadenia conopsea, Habenaria
viridis, H. bifolia, Herminium, Ophrys apifera, O. muscifera,
Neottia, Cephalanthera pallens, C. ensifolia, Ruscus, Luzula
Forsteri, L. maxima, Carex divulsa, pilulifera, precox, glauca,
Phleum nodosum, Milium, Avena pubescens, pratensis, Koehleria,
Triticum caninum, Elymus europeus.

The district on the summit of the Chilterns, from Bledlow
to Goring, gives in addition to many of the above :—Ranun-
culus peltatus, truncatus, floribundus, parviflorus, Helleborus
viridis, Aquilegia, Barbarea intermedia, Viola canina, Sagina
ciliata, Montia, Hypericum montanum, Androsemum, Malva mos-
chata, Tilia parvifolia, Geranium columbinum, Ilex, Huonymus,
Ulex Galli, Poterium muricatum, Rubus plicatus, rhamnifolius,
R. thyrsoideus, leucostachys, amplificatus, Sprengelii, Bloxamit,
rudis, Radula, Koehleri, pallidus, Rosa sabini, R. rubiginosa,
Mespilus, Sorbus Aria, Peplis Portula, Helosciadium inundatum,
Pimpinella major, Adoxa, Tanacetum, Saponaria, Filago apicw-
lata, Antennaria dioica, Anthemis nobilis, Bidens cernua, Soli-
dago Virgo aurea, Centaurea decipiens, Hieracium tridentatum,
boreale, wmbellatum, Campanula Trachehum, Vaccinium Myr-
tillus, Erica cinerea, Calluna, Pyrola minor, Monotropa, Chlora,
Digitalis, Antirrhinum Orontium, Pedicularis sylvatica, Melam-
pyrum pratense, M. latifolium, Mentha pulegium, Ballota rude-
ralis, Teucriwm Scorodonia, Myosotis umbrosa, Lycopsis arvensis,
Rumex acutus, Daphne Mezereum, Taxus, Potamogeton serratus,
Epipactis violacea, media, Iris fetidissima, Narcissus Pseudo
Narcissus, Galanthus nivalis, Convallaria, Ruscus, Ornitho-
galum umbellatum, Allium vineale, Juncus supinus, Carex
pseudo divulsa, Melica, Avena caryophyllea, A. preecox, Poa
nemoralis, Festuca ovina, Brachypodium pinnatum, Triticum
caninum, Elymus, Blechnum, A. Ruta-muraria, A. Filia feemina,
Aspidium angulare, A. aculeatum, A. Borreri, A. affine, Bo-
trychium, Lycopodium clavatum, Littorella, Nitella opaca, Equi-
setum palustre, subnudum, Aspidium spinulosum, dilatatum,
Ophioglossum.

The southern side of the Chilterns, with Binfield Heath and
INTRODUCTION. xiii

similar Tertiary deposits, yields Radiola linoides, Scutellaria
minor, Centunculus, Potamogeton polygonifolius, Nardus stricta,
Anthoxanthum Puellit, Erica tetralix, Ulex nanus, Carex Pseudo
Cyperus, Bidens cernua, Veronica scutellata, Anthemis nobilis,
Aira flexuosa, caryophyllea, preecox, Dianthus Armeria, Carex
flava minor, Hornschuchiana, echinata, Viola lactea, Ranunculus
hederaceus, R. penicillatus.

By the river occur Leucojum cstivum, Ornithogalum um-
bellatum, Callitriche obtusangula, Bidens cernua, Ginanthe fluvia-
tilis, Hydrocharis, Pedicularis palustris, Chara Hedwigii, Lysi-
machia vulgaris, Stellaria palustris, Salic purpurea, Cera-
tophyllon, Cuscuta europea, Smyrnium, Ginanthe crocata.

METEOROLOGY.

Rainfall. From 34 years’ observations, made at the Oxford
Observatory from 1851-1884 inclusive, the mean yearly rainfall
is shown to be 26-42 inches. The driest year being 1874, with
17°864 inches; the wettest 1852, with 40-416 in. The maximum
monthly fall was Oct. 1875 with 47-531 inch: the mimimum
Sept. 1865, 0176.

Monthly Mean of 34 yrs.obs. Max. Monthly Fall. Min. Monthly Fall.

 

January oo... 2-33 inch 5451 1852 0-272 1855.
February ......... I-64 ,, 3744 1883 0-279 1862.
March ...,c0000000 I-62 ,, 5-462 1862 0-413 1854.
APTI xcesanaessie Ie72 5 3920 1882 0-410 1855.
May: ticcosst veut 1-99 5, 4971 1878 0-430 61871.
JUNE S sa scaivaniearsies 2-59 ,, 7-087 1852 0-658 1870.
July ........ ie 2-63 5, 6-098 1880 0-470 1864.
August oc... 244 45 5-120 1878 0-494 1880.
September ...... 2:59 9» 5-838 1876 0-176 1865.
October..........+. 281 ,, 7+531 1875 0-733 1879.
November ...... 2-16 ,, 7-142 1852 0-460 1855.
December ......... 1-90 ,, 5-103 1876 o-418 1876.

The mean yearly amount of cloud for 32 years’ observations
ig 7°I.
Temperature.
The mean yearly reading of the Barometer for the last
3o years is 29-720; varying from 29-785 in 1858 to 29-572 in
1872.
xliv

FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

The mean yearly reading of the Dry-bulb Thermometer
from 1855 to 1884—30 years—is 49-19.
reading being 51-43 in 1868, the lowest 44°55 in 1879.

   

Mean M onthly Reading
for 30 yrs.
January ......... 38-82 inch
February ... 40°37 4,
March .... 41-87 ,,
April 47:29 ,,
May....... 52-38 ,,
JUNE: wove 58-61 ,,
July oe. 61-72 4,
August... 61-00 ,,
September ...... 50-47 4,
Ocbobersn..vvcss cee 49:90 ,,
November ...... 42:52 4,
December viccivene 39°77 as

Max. Monthly
Reading.
44:8 1884
40-2 1869
46-1 1859
52-0 1865
57-4 1868
63:8 1858
66-5 1853
64-6 1884
61-7 1865
54-4 1861
49:2 1881
46-1 1868

The highest yearly

Min. Monthly
Reading.

30-3 1881.
295 1855.
36-9 18838.
425 1860.
48-0 1855.
55-1 1860.
56-8 1879.
57-1 1860.
52-3 1860.
44:8 1881.
37:8 1871.
32-8 1874, 1878.

The mean yearly reading of the Wet-bulb Thermometer
for 30 years’ observations is 46-41 ; varying from 44° in 1879 to

47-98 in 1857.

Mean Monthly Reading
Sor 30 yrs.

January
February
March

 

37°53 inch
38-79

 

AUB URE wicisownseoos

September,........ 53-47
October 47°75
November......... 40-70
December......... 38-43

The general yearly mean

Max, Monthly

Min. Monthly

Reading. Reading.

431 1884 29-2 1881.
43-1 1867,1872 29-5 1855.
43-0 1882 344 1883.
48-8 1865 39-6 1860.
52-8 1868 45-2 1855.
57-3 1871 51-2 1866.
61-3. 1859 53-9 1858.
59-5 1867 54:2 1862.
58-3 1865 49-5 1877.
51-7 1861 42-3 1881.
44-5 1857 35:0 1871.
44:0 1857 31-5 1870.

of Ozone, from 15 years’ obser-
vations, 1867-1881 inclusive, is found to be 2:5. The yearly
sum of bright sunshine in 1881 was 1546°8 hours.

For further details enquirers are referred to the Meteorological
Observations made at the Radcliffe Observatory by E. J. Stone,
M.A., F.B.S., etc., and to Symon’s British Rainfall.
PLAN OF THE FLORA.

Tue following pages are devoted to the Flowering Plants and Ferns of
Oxfordshire, and that portion of Berkshire which is contiguous to and
included in the Thames Valley. The plants are arranged according to the
Natural System, the nomenclature and arrangement being essentially
that adopted by Nyman in his Conspectus of the European Flora, to
which, however, slavish adherence has not been kept, nor must that
author’s idea of species be held in all cases to coincide with English views.
‘When Nyman’s name of a plant differs from that adopted in Hooker’s
Student’s Flora, 3rd edit., or Babington’s Manual, the names given in
those works are usually quoted as synonyms,

No description of the plants enumerated is given since the two excellent
floras above quoted and Boswell Syme’s English Botany render this
quite unnecessary, but should the plant exhibit any local peculiarity, such
will be noticed, as well as any point to which it seems well to draw
special attention.

The Natural Orders and Genera are printed in large and bold capitals,
the names of the species in Egyptian type. When the plant possesses an
English, and especially a local name, it follows the Latin one, but mere
translations of the scientific names are purposely avoided. Under these
names come the synonyms alluded to above, printed in italics. Then
come references to Topographical Botany, ed. ii., to English Botany and
Nyman’s Conspectus. The plates of English Botany are quoted, and also
those of Baxter’s Phenogamous Botany, many of the latter being pre-
sumably drawn from local plants. For the Characez, Messrs. Groves’
monograph is also employed.

The next paragraph contains, first, the grade of citizenship of the plant
in the county, i.e. native, denizen, alien, etc.; second, its habitat, i.e.
hedgerows, meadows, etc.: this refers to the Oxfordshire (not to the
British) stations ; third, the time of flowering, which again has only local
reference.

Under these comes the first record as an Oxford plant, with name of
the recorder, the date, and the name under which it was recorded. The
record may be a printed or written one, published or unpublished ; it may
be a dried specimen, or from a MS. entry in a book, etc. Although
extreme pains have been taken to ensure the earliest record being quoted,
it is possible that subsequent research may in « few instances discover
some that are earlier.
xlvi FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE,

Then follow the localities, arranged according to the river districts :—
1st. Those localities drained by the Stour.

and. zs us Ouse.

3rd. 5 53 Swere, or Upper Cherwell.
4th. sf 3 Ray, or Lower Cherwell.
5th. 35 43 Isis, or Upper Thames.
6th. i 53 Thame, Mid Thames.

yth. x3 a3 Thames, or Lower Thames.

Under these come a few Berkshire localities, drawn principally from the
portion of Berkshire nearest to the Oxford border. When the plant
occurs in one to four of the border counties, they are quoted for it, but not
when it occurs in all of them.

The Author is responsible for all the records to which no recorder’s
name is attached, and a note (!) after a record signifies the Author has seen
the plant in the locality it follows. All records given on other than
personal authority have that authority printed in italics; occasionally
several botanists have recorded a plant from the same locality ; in such a
case, priority of discovery has the preference. When a plant is very rare,
the date of the last record is added.

After these records is a paragraph devoted to local peculiarities of
structure, distribution, etc.

The Botanologia of the County, with short biographies of the various
Botanists who have worked at the Oxford Flora, with the principal
additions they made to it, is given at the end of the Flora proper.

LIST OF BOOKS, MSS., ETC., QUOTED IN THE FLORA.

Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 1st series, 1841-1847 ;
and series, 1848-1857 ; 3rd series, 1858-1867; 4th series, 1868.

Bot. Ex. Club rep. Botanical Exchange Club Reports.

Bot. Rec. Club rep. Botanical Record Club Reports.

Bab. Man. Manual of British Botany. C. Cardale Babington, M.A.,
F.R.S. Ed. vii.

Bab. Br. Rubi. The British Rubi. C. C. Babington, Lond. 1869.

Bz. Phenogamous Botany. W. Baxter, A.L.S., Oxford. 6 vols.
1834-1843.

Bz. MSS. Notes in a copy of Ray’s Synopsis.

33 Sibthorp’s Flora Oxon.

Be. Sioa: Stirpes Cryptogamz Oxonienses. Oxford, 1825.

Bot. Guide. The Botanist’s Guide through England and Wales.
Dawson Turner, and L. W. Dillwyn. Lond. 1805.

Bees, The History of the neighbourhood of Banbury, with a sketch of
the Geology furnished for Mr. Alfred Beesley’s History of Ban-
bury, by Thos. Beesley, p. 571-599. Lond. 1841, 20th Dec.
PLAN OF THE FLORA. xvii

Blacks. Sp. Specimen Botanicum quo Plantarum plurium rariorum
Angliz indigenarum loci natales illustrantur. J. Blackstone.
Lond. 1746.

Blacks. MSS. Notes from MSS. in vol. 317 Herb. Sloane, Brit. Mus.
circa 1734. (Kindly copied for me by Rev. W. W. Newbould.)

Blackwall. A. Herbal. Eliz. Blackwall. 2 vols. 1759.

Brit. Phys. Botanologia; the British Physician. Robt. Turner.
Lond. 1664.

Bos. H. Boswell. Oxford notes. See Phytol. n.s, 1860, p. 99.

»» Mosses, Phyt. n.s. 1860, p. 344-369 ; 1861,
p. 262.
4 »,  dourn. Bot. 1872, p. 363; 1861,
p. 262.
Coles, Adam in Eden. By Wm. Coles. Lond. 1657.
Curtis. British Grasses. By Wm. Curtis. ,, 1790.

59 Flora Lond. x» 1777-17098.
Cyb. Br. Cybele Britannica. “Wewatt Cottrell Watson. 4 vols.
1847-1859.
Comp. Cyb. Compendium. Pe 3 Lond. 1870,

Cyb. Br. Sup. Supplement. » 1860.
Daubeny. Spec. of a proposed Index to “the Oxford Plore i in Walker’s
Flora of Oxfordshire. By Ch. Daubeny. 1834.
Daubeny. Guide to the Oxford Botanic Garden. Ed. i, 1850; ed. ii.
1853; ed. iii. 1864.
Daub. MSS. MS. records of plants preserved in Bib, Hort. Ox. By
Ch. Daubeny. 1837-1842.
De Candolle A. P. et Alphonse. Prodromus systematis naturalis
regni vegetabilis. Paris, 1824-1873.
Dill. Ray’s Synopsis, ed. iii. (J. Dillenius).
», Hb. Herbarium in Hort. Ox.
», H. Elth. Hortus Elthamensis. Joan Jacobo Dillenio. Lond. 1752.
» Hist. Musc. Historia Muscorum, 56 3 Oxon. 1741.
Dyer. Notes on plants of the neighbourhood of Oxford. Journ. Bot.
vol. ix. 145-148. By W. Thiselton Dyer. May 1871.
E. B. English Botany. James Edward Smith, M.D. 36 vols. Lond.
1796-1814.
E. B. Syme. See under Syme.
E. B. Supp. English Botany. Supplement to. 1831-1863.
Evelyn. The Sylva, or Forest Trees. John Evelyn. 1776.
Fl. Berks. Contributions toa Berkshire Flora. J. Britten, 1871.
Fl. Middlesex. Flora of Middlesex. Henry Trimen and W. T.
Thiselton Dyer. Lond. 1869.
Fl. Northants. Flora of Northamptonshire. G. Claridge Druce, in
Proceedings of the Northamptonshire Natural History Society.
1880, et sequente.
xIviii FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Fil. Oxon. See Sibth. and Walker.

Fl. Warwick. Flora of Warwickshire, in Midland Naturalist. James
Bagnall, 1880, and in progress.

Fr. MS. contribution to a Flora of Oxfordshire by Alfred French. See
preface. Sometimes quoted as H. A. F. Herb. Alf. French. Now
preserved in the British Museum (Natural History).

Ger. The Herball. John Gerarde. Lond. 1597.

Gard. Mag. Gardener’s Magazine, July 1836, p. 371. Lond. 1850-185.

Gard. Chron. Nov. 4, 1871.

Gough's Camden, Gough’s Edition of Camden’s Britannia, ed. ii. 1806, etc.

Groves, H. and J. The Characez. See Journ. Bot,

Gull. A Catalogue of plants collected in the neighbourhood of Banbury,
by Geo. Gulliver, F.R.S., F.G.S. Lond. 1841.

Hall, The Book of the Thames. Mr. and Mrs.8. C. Hall. Lond. 1859.

Hook. B. Fl. The British Flora. Sir W. J. Hooker. Lond. 1830-

1835-1838-1842.

St. Fl. The Student’s Flora. Sir J. D. Hooker, ed. ii. 1870; ed. iii.

Lond. 1884.

How. Phytologia Britannica. [W. How.] Lond. 1650.

Huds. Flora Anglica. Gulielmus Hudsoni, F.R.S. Lond. 1762.

Journal of Botany. Lond. 1863, and in progress. ©
5 Horticulture. Nov. 9, 1871, etc.

Johns, Ger. The Herball, etc., by John Gerarde; very much enlarged
by Thomas Johnson. Lond. 1633.

» Mere. with MS. notes by Blackstone, etc., in the possession of Mr.
W. Pamplin.

Knapp. Gramina Britannica, J.L. Knapp, F.L.S. Lond. 1804.

Lawson, Oxford Botanists, paper on, in Gardener’s Chronicle, by Prof.
M. A. Lawson, July 30, 1870.

Leslie. Our River, by G. F. Leslie.

Light. MSS. Notes by Dr. John Lightfoot, in a copy of the Dillenian
Ray in Bib. Hort. Oxon.

Light. MSS. Notes by Dr. John Lightfoot, in Hudson’s Flora Anglica
in Bib. Hort. Oxon.

Linn. Soc. Journ. Journal of the Linnean Society, 1857, et sequente.

»  Lrans. Transactions of 5s 1791 5
» Sp. Pl. Species Plantarum Caroli Linnei. Holmie, 1762.

Lowe. A Natural History of British Grasses. Edw. J. Lowe, 1858.

Masters. Maxwell T. Flowering Plants and Ferns of Oxfordshire.
Rep. of Ashmolean Soc. Oxford, 1857.

Mag. Nat. Hist, The seecaees of Natural History, 9 vols. 1829-1836.

” 4 5, 1837-1840.

Borat, Pinax Rerum N inisatten atenaicnn Christopher Merrett.
Lond. 1666.

Midland Naturalist, 1878, and in progress.

”
PLAN OF THE FLORA. xlix

Mor. Umb, Plantarum Umbelliferarum distributio nova. Robert
Morison. Oxon. 1670.

Mor. Hist. Plantarum Historia Universalis Oxoniensis. Pars ii. 1680 ;
pars ili. 1699; edited by Jacob Bobart, The first part was never
published ; it exists in MS. at Oxford.

Mor. Hb. The Herbarium of Morison in Hort. Ox.

New B. Guide. The New Botanist’s Guide to the localities of the rarer
plants of Britain. H.C, Watson, vol. i. 1835 ; vol. ii, 1837.

Newman. A history of British Ferns and allied plants. Edward
Newman, F.L.8. Lond. ed. iv. 1865.

Nym. Conspectus Flore Europes. Carolo Frider Nyman. Orebro
Suecize, 1878.

Oxford Botanical and Natural History Society’s report of Oxford, 1832.

Park. Par. Paradisiin Sole. [John Parkinson.] Lond. 1629.

» Ih. Theatrum Botanicum. John Parkinson. Lond. 1640.

Parn. The Grasses of Britain. Richard Parnell, M.D., 1845.

Pilot. The Natural History of Oxfordshire. Robert Plot, LL.D. (mis-
printed 1765 in Sibthorp). Oxford 1677.

Piyt. The Phytologist, conducted by G. Luxford, June 1841 to July
1854.

Phyt. N.S. The Phytologist, new series, conducted by A. Irvine, 1855-
1863.

Purt. The Midland Flora. T. Purton, vol. ii, 1817; app. 1821.

Pamplin, W., A.L.S. Notes on Plants about Goring. Phyt. v. 153.

Pryor, R.C. On the popular names of British Plants. Lond. 1870.
See Oxford Magazine.

Ray. Cat. Catalogus Plantarum Anglie. Joannis Raji. Lond. 1670.

Fasc. Fasciculus Stirpium Brit. 1688.

», Hist. Historia Plantarum, vol. i. 1686; vol. ii. 1688,

» Syn. Synopsis Methodica Stirpium Brit., ed. i. 1690; ed. ii. 1696.

Ss ed. iii. (J. J. Dillenius, |

”

” ” a?
1724.

Rees. Encyclopedia. Abraham Rees. 39 vols. 4to. Lond. 1814
(Botanical notes by Sir J. E. Smith).

Reich. Iconographia Botanica Ex H.S. L. Reichenbach. Lipsie, 1827.

Fl. Germ. Flora Germanica, exc. L. ‘“ 1830.

» Le. Icones Flore Germ. et Helv. L. et H. G. -, 1834-1867.

Richardson, Correspondence of, edited by Dawson Turner.

Robertson’s Environs of Reading; a list of unlocalised plants in, by
T. B. Flower.

Saunders, W. Wilson, F.LS. List of a few rare-or interesting plants
noticed in the neighbourhood of Kirtlington, Oxon., p. 239-242.
May 1839. Mag. Nat. Hist. n. s. vol. ili.

Sid. or Sibth. Flora Oxoniensis, J. Sibthorp, M.D., Oxon., 1794.

5 With MS. notes by J. Sibthorp.
d

”
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Sibth. Flora Oxoniensis. With MS. notes by the Rev. W. N. Newbould.
Dr. Williams.

” ”

PP 4 W. Baxter.

5 R. Walker.
Sm. Fl. Br. Flora Britannica. i E. Smith, M.D., 1800-1804.
5, Lng. Fl. The English Flora. re 1824-1828.

Sole. Menthe Britannice. Wm. Sole. Bath, 1798.
Syme, E. B. English Botany. John. T, Boswell Syme. Ed. iii. Lond. 1-12.
Turner Hb. William Turner’s Herball, 1551-1506.
» WV. The Names of Herbes in Greke, etc. W. Turner, 1548.
Reprint of do., 1882.
Top. Bot. Topographical Botany. H.C. Watson. 2 vols. 1873-1874.
a 5 2znded. Edited by J. G. Baker and
Her, WwW. W. Newbould, M.A. Lond. 1883 is the edition quoted.
Watson, H. C. See Cyb. Br. Comp. Cyb. etc. Top. Bot. New Bot.
Guide.
Walk. Flora of Oxfordshire and its contiguous counties, by Rich.
Walker, B.D.,F.L.S. Oxf. 1833.
Do. with MS. notes by the Author, M. T. Masters, R. Pryor,
and T. Thurland.
With. A Botanical arrangement of British plants, by W. Withering,
M.D., F.R.S. 2 vols. 1776, and 7 other editions to 1840.

PRINCIPAL HERBARIA CONSULTED.

The Herbarium, British Museum. Hb. Br. Mus.

35 Sir Jos. Banks. Hb. Banks.
The General Herbarium, Oxford Gardens. Hd. Ov.
The Herbarium, British Gardens. Hb, Lawson.

rn Dillenius’. Hd. Dill.
This was the collection made by Dillenius in the preparation of the
Synopsis.

The Herbarium collected by W. Sherard. Hd. Sher.

This is also kept separate ; there are few localities.

The Herbarium formed by Morison and Bobart in the preparation of
Historia Oxon. Hb. Morison.

The Herbarium of the Rev. R. Linton. Hd. Linton.

8 5 Pharmaceutical Society. Hd. Ph. Soc.
= ies Henry Boswell. Hd. Bos.
5 ay Bolton King.

The Herbarium of W. Baxter, now incorporated with the British
collection in the Oxford Gardens. Hb. Ba.

The Herbarium of Mr. W. Whitwell and the Author’s own collection.

The Herbarium of the late H. C. Watson, now preserved at Kew.
PLAN OF THE FLORA. li

LIST OF THE PRINCIPAL PERSONS WHO HAVE CONTRI-
BUTED NOTES OR RENDERED ASSISTANCE IN PREPAR.-
ING THE FLORA.

Albright, J. Charlbury. Local notes.
Alpin, O. V. Banbury. -
» ev, D’ Oyley. Chinnor. *
Beesley, T. Banbury.
Baker, J. G., F.R.S. Kew.
Bennett, Rev, F., M.A. Oxford. Oxford, and Dorchester, notes and
much general help.
Babington, Prof. C.C. Cambridge. Critical assistance.
Barnes, Rev. J. Dorchester. Local notes.
Baxter, W. H. Oxford. Loan of his father’s—Mr. W. Baxter—MSS.
Bennett, Arth., F.L.S. Croydon. Critical help.
Britten, J., £L.S. British Museum. Berkshire list, etc.
Boswell, H. Oxford. Valuable list of Oxford and Berkshire localities.
» Dr. J.T. Kirkealdy. Critical help.
Dashwood, Sir H. Kirtlington. Local notes.
Davies, Mrs. Sheepstead House. Notes about Swerford.
French, Alf. See preface.
Fox, Rev. E. Upper Heyford. Local and general notes—many records.
» kev. H. #H. Durham. Oxford notes.
Fry, E., B.A. Bristol. Bicester notes.
Groves, H.& J. London. Critical help and references.
Garnsey, H. E., M.A. Oxford. Plants noticed about Oxford, and
other assistance.
Gough, Mrs. Souldern. Local notes.
Hopkins, T. Magd. Coll. Notes about Nuffield.
King, Bolton, B.A. London. Many records and other assistance.
sn) es i Oxford notes.
Lees, F. Arnold, F.L.S., etc. Notes of the Reading district, etc.
Lester, L. Summertown. Local notes.
Newbould, Rev. W. W., M.A. Kew. Loan of books and Oxfordshire
notes, with characteristic kindness. =
Oxford, The Curators of the Botanic Gardens, for allowing examina-
tion of Herbarium, and reference to Library, etc.
Pattison, Rev. Mark. Oxford notes.
Pamplin, W., A.L.S. Corwen. Loan of books and local notes, and
other kind assistance.
Patey, Mr. W. Oxford, Banbury notes.
Ridley, H., M.A. Brit. Museum. List of Oxford plants.
Richards, F. T., M.A. Trin. Coll. Many records, and general assist-
ance.
hii FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Rogers, R. Woodstock. Local notes.
Robertson, Rev. A. Durham. Oxford localities.
Selborne, The Earl of. Oxford notes.
Smith, Rev. F. Oxford. Local notes.

Taunton, Mrs.
Taylor, Miss Beatrice.
Thurland, Mr.
Woods, J., F.L.S., ete.

Freeland. 53

Aston Rowant House.
Oxford. Local Notes.
Oxford plants.

List of Fungi.

Whitwell, W. Oxfordshire and Berkshire localities.

ABBREVIATIONS AND SIGNS USED IN THE FLORA.

In addition to the abbreviations given in the list of works quoted, the

following are also employed :—

A. Annual.

A. Fr. or Fr. Alfred French,

B. Biennial.

Betn. Between.

Cult. Cultivated.

Dis. District.

¥F1. Flowers or Flora.

Hb. Herbarium.

Wr. Near.,

Obs. Observation.

P. Perennial.

Var. Variety.

T. Tree.

[ J]. Localities enclosed in
brackets are those in which the
plant is now probably extinct. A
plant notice in brackets means at
present the plant is not on record
for Oxon,

? suggests some mistake has
been made with reference to the
record it follows; or that the plant
is probably extirpated; or before
the name of a plant doubts as to its
being correctly named, etc.

! after a locality means that the
Author has seen the plant growing
there; this sign is only used when
the plant is rare, or the record
seems to require confirmation.

* before the name of a plant
signifies the plant is not indige-
nous.

** before the name of a plant
means the plant is only of casual
occurrence, or is planted in the
county.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Cu. I. DICOTYLEDONES.

Orv. I. RANUNCULACE. Jus.

CLEMATIS. JL.

vClematis Vitalba, L. Common Traveller's Joy.

Top. Bot.1. Bx.129. Nym.1. Syme, E. B. platei. vol. i.p. 2.

Native. Shrub. Hedgerows, waste places. J uly-September.

First record, Sib. 1794, ‘ Hedges.’

2. Ouse. Cottisford, Ardley.

8. Swere. Wykeham Tollgate, F. French. Swerford, South Newington,
A. Fr. Great Tew, Beesley.

4. Ray. Middleton Stoney, Rogers. Woodstock to Kirtlington, H. Bos.
About Stow Wood, Bletchingdon, Gibraltar Rocks very fine, near
Elsfield, abundant by canal-side near Kirtlington.

5. Isis. Minster Quarries, Bx. Charlbury, Freeland, Stonesfield,
Handborough, Shipton under Wychwood, Wilcote, near Ashford
Mills fine, Lyneham.

6. Thame. Burcott, Mrs. Blunt.

. Thames. Goring, W. Pamplin. Ibstone, Stokenchurch, profusely,
A. Irvine. Entire-leaved form at Goring, Newbould. Watlington,
H. Bos. Caversham, A. Fr. Bledlow, Mongewell, Nettlebed,
Henley Park Hill, very fine.

Berks. Cumnor, abundant about Pangbourne, and generally distributed

on the Chalk. Occurs in all the divisions of Britten’s Berks Flora.

It is rare or absent in the immediate vicinity of Oxford (common about
Oxford, Baxt. Br. Pl.); absent on the Oxford Clay and Kimmeridge
Clay ; not frequent on the Gault; abundant on the Oolite and Chalk.

The entire-leaved form occurs not unfrequently. M. Cl. Gandoger, in
the Flore Lyonnaise, describes several species which however seem to
have little to distinguish them.

aa es

~~“
2 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

PULSATILLA. Mill.

VP. vulgaris, Mill. Pasque flower.

Anemone Pulsatilla, L. Top. Bot. 4. Syme, HE. B. 1.9.9. Nym. 2.

Native. Rare. Probably extinct. P. April-May.

First record, ‘It groweth about Oxford, as my friend Falconer told me.’
Turner's Herball, 1551.

5. Isis. Several parts of Cornbury Park, nr. Wychwood, Black-

stone, 1746. Wychwood Forest, Burford Downs, A. pratensis.
Sib, Fl.

The place on Burford Downs is in the road between Burford and Ciren-
cester, with Cineraria campestris and Astragalus. Dr. Lightfoot's MSS.
In plenty on Burford Downs, in Oxon, by the relation of the Rev. Mr.
Griffith, of Pemb. Coll. MSS. in Dill. Ray. in Hort. Ox., by Mr. Dickson.
Upon the Cotteswolds, nr. Black Bourton very plentifully, Coles’ Adam
in Eden. Lynéham Camp, 7. Bees.

Berks. Unhill and Yew Tree Downs, Compt. Hist. Tlsley Downs,
H. Bos. Downs between Moulsford and Unwell Wood!

In Northants it occurs on Barnack Quarries and in Gloster.

Prof. Sibthorp referred our Oxford plant to A. pratensis. See With. Br.
Pl. ed. v. p. 612, but Blackstone’s specimens in Hort. Ox. are identical
with A. Pulsatilla.

The Burford locality is now brought under cultivation, and the plant is
certainly extinct there. I have been unable to find it-in Cornbury Park,
where it should still occur, as little change has taken place there during
the last century ; from the quarries it has certainly disappeared. It is
somewhat singularly absent from the northern grassy slopes of the Chalk
downs. It may reward the searcher on the downs of Swincombe or
Ewelme.

ANEMONE. ZL.
V A. nemorosa, L. Wood Anemone, Wind flower..

Top. Bot. 4. Syme, E.B, i. 12.11. Bx. Br. Pl. 43. Nym. 3.
Native. Woods, hedge banks, rarely meadows; generally distributed.
P. Mar.—May.

First record, Wm. Coles’ Adam in Eden. Stow Wood, 1657.

2. Ouse. Tusmore Wood, Ardley Wood.

3. Swere. Wroxton Wood, Gull. Broughton, Bees. Hanwell, Hard-
wick, 7. Bees.

4, Ray. Blackthorn Wood, Stow Wood, Noke Meadows, red flowers;
Bucknell.

5. Isis. Wychwood, Stonesfield, Handborough, Wilcote, Ditchley.

6. Thame. Shotover with Meidium leucospermum Ba., with dark
red petals ; on north side of Shotover in grassy ground; the roots
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 3

sometimes attacked by Peziza tuberosa, which is very destructive
to them, Bx. MSS. Nuneham, sometimes purple flowers, H. Bos.
Chalgrove, Hb. Dill.

7. Thames. Most abundant in Chinnor and Goring Woods, and
Penley Hangings, etc.

Berks. Abundant in Bagley Wood, Boar’s Hill, Cumnor, Tubney, etc.

The Dillenian Ray record is as follows :— -

Filix lobata globulis pulverulentis undique aspersa. Singularem hane
Filicem in Horto Sicco Bobartiano observavit D. Dillenius, cui Bobartus
sua manu subscripserat. ‘ This capillary was gathered by the conjuror of
Chalgrove.’ Vicus est vii circiter milliaribus distans Oxonio. An tota
planta vel ramulus saltem esset conjectari non licebat. Tali autem plane
erat figura donata, qualis exhibetur, Jad. iii. Fig. 3. Pediculus ad folia
usque levitur pilosus erat.

The leaf of the Anemone thus described as a new species of Fern, is
still preserved in the Morisonian Herb. In acopy of the Dillen. Ray in
Hort. Ox., a writer has inserted opposite the above description, ‘This
fern is no other than a leaf of A. xemorosa decorated on the under side
with dots, occasioned by an insect laying its eggs there.’ The so-called
eggs being a Fungus, which we at present call Puccixea anemonea.

* * Anemone ranuneuloides, LZ

Alien. Cyb. Br.i. 75. Comp. 475. Syme, E. B.i. 13.12. Nym. 3.

In a plantation, Kirtlington. Sir H. Dashwood informs me he brought
the plant from Switzerland.

Berks. Field near Childrey Rectory, Rev. G. F. de Teisser.
Mr. Cornish informs me it is cultivated in the rectory garden.

* * Anemone apennina, L.

Alien. Syme, E. B. i.12.10. Nym. 3.

A plant was sent to the Oxf. Bot. Gard. by Mr. Wingfield, said to have
been found in Wychwood Apr. 11, 1844. It was in flower, Bx. MSS.
Broughton plantation; not wild, 7. Bees.

Berks. In a copse near Shillingford, on the left hand of the lane

from Hatford, after crossing the turnpike road; plentiful, Mrs.
Pearce, Bau.

ADONIS. L.

* A. autumnalis, Z. Pheasant’s Hye.
Cyb. Br. iv. 80, Oxon(?). Syme, E. B.i. 14.13. Bx. 7, Nym. 4.
Alien or eolonist; cornfields; very rare. A. May (Sid.).
First record, Sid. 1794.
8. Swere. Lane between Broughton and Bloxham; very rare, Bees.
4. Ray. Cornfields betwn. Kirtlington and Bletchingdon, W. W.

Saunders.

B 2
4 FLORA OF OXYORDSHIRE.

5. Isis. Cornfields near Observatory, Sid.

Berks. Yattenden, Frilsham, Hampstead Norris, Newb. Pamplin.
Near 8S. Hinksey, Prof. Lawson, 1870.

MYOSURUS. L.
M. minimus, L. Mouse tail.

Cauda muris,Ger. Top. Bot.5. Syme, E.B.i. 15.14. Bx. 204. Nym. 4.
Native. Agrestal. A. Ap.—July. Cornfields on damp soil; local
and rare.

First record, 87b. 1794.

8. Swere. North Aston, Sid.

4, Ray. Mag. Coll. walks near the meadow gate, Sib.; do. Rev. E. For.
In a field on left-hand side of road going from Bayswater to
Stanton S. John, Be. ;

Berks. Cookham, NV. &. G. Old Windsor, B. G. North Heath,
Newb. Radley. In Bucks, Northants, and Warwick.

THALICTRUM. L.
Vx. flavum, L. Meadow Rue.

Top. Bot. 3. Syme, E. B.i.9.8. Baxt. 254. Nym. 5.

Native. Paludal. P. Sides of rivers and ditches; local. May-July.

First record, Sib. 1794.

2. Ouse. Mixbury. Z. riparium, Jord. Fl. du Cent. de Fr. ii. 5.

3. Swere. Banbury, 8. Newington, Gull. Mill Meadow, Banbury,
Bees. Hanwell, Little Bourton, Turner's Meadow, Hb. A. Fr.
Upper Heyford, #. Fox.

4, Ray. Kidlington, H. Bos. Side of the Cherwell, The Parks, H. EZ.
Garnsey. Elsfield, Otmoor, Canal side nr. Kirtlington, Weston
peat pits.

5. Isis. South Leigh Common, Sid. Medley, Godstow, H. Bos.
Bruern, Eynsham, var. Morisonii, Binsey Lane, Port Meadow,
Stanton Harcourt, Radcot Bridge, Kelmscott.

6. Thame. Cowley, Sib. Iffley, Hd. Br. Mus. Dyer. Thame, Hb.
Bu. Meadows bet. Oxford and Iffey, Bx. MSS. Sandford to Nune-
ham, H. Bos. Dorchester, Chiselhampton. Very abundant in
meadows about Iftley.

7. Thames. Goring, Newbould. Ditch, Thames, west of Caversham,
Fr. A. Lees. Maple Durham, Sonning, North Stoke.

Berks. In meadows about Radley! Br. Wytham, E. For. Long

Wittenham.

The fruits rarely mature, from the attacks of a gall insect, which thus
renders it difficult to decide upon the segregate name. T. Morisoni,
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 5

Reich. Ic. 4640, is the usual form. TZ. ripariwm, ditch side, Caversham,
F. Tufnail.

Dr. Maxwell T. Masters refers in his paper on the Oxford Flora to the
extinction of Thalictrum majus. I can find no trace of its having been
recorded.

RANUNCULUS. L.

vv R. Ficaria, LZ. Lesser Celandine, Pilewort.

Ficaria verna Huds. Top. Bot. 11. Syme, E. B. i. 47. 39. Nym. 7.

Native. Septal. Damp places. Common and generally distributed.
P. March-June. First record, Sid. 1794. Unlocalised.

In all the districts; about Oxford with Acidium confertum and Uredo
Ficarie, DC. Ba. MSS. var. incumbens, F. Sz. Mag. Col. Meadows,
Hb. Br. Mus. Dyer, Kirtlington, Marston, etc. The common form is var.
divergens, F. Sz., but the two vars. seem connected by a gradation of
forms. Under the wall of Trinity garden is a form producing bulbils in
the leaf axils above the ground: a similar form is noticed in the Flora of
Middlesex, p.17. The plant rarely produces seed. The leaves vary con-
siderably in outline.

/: R. repens, L. Creeping Buttercup.

Top. Bot. 13. Syme, E. B. i. 40. 34. Nym.11. Native.

Agrestal. Viatical. P. Common and generally distributed May-August.

First record, Sib. 1794. Unlocalised.

Has been noted in all the districts. Two forms—probably owing their
difference to their localisation (i.e. shady ditches and damp aPC and
cultivated ground)—have been observed.

V R. acris, L. Buttercup, Meadow Crowfoot.

Top. Bot. 13. Syme, E. B. i. 37. 33. Bx. 302. Nym. 13.

Native. Pratal. P. Meadows, pastures, abundant. June-August.

First record, Sid. 1794. Unlocalised.

Common in all the districts: two or more forms occur. A plant of the
Chalk downs I suspect to be R. Steveni, Reich, from its elongated root-
stock and a similar form has been noticed on dry sandy ground near
Elsfield. The usual meadow plant is probably R. tomophyllus, Jord., a
large, erect plant, with premorse rootstock. A form with slightly double
flowers of R. Steveni was noticed at Woodcote.

BR. auricomus, L. Goldilocks, Wood Crowfoot.

Top. Bot. 12. Syme, E. B.i. 36.32. Nym. 12.

Native. Sylvestral. P. Woods, hedgerows, etc. Locally common.
April-May.

First record, Sib. 1794. Unlocalised.

1. Stour. Tadmarton.
2. Ouse. Ardley, Mixbury, Hethe.
6 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

3. Swere. Banbury hedge, not common, Bees. Broughton, 4. Wal-
ford. Somerton.

4. Ray. Stow Wood, Mag. Col. Walks, Sid. Marston, R. Linton.
Water Eaton, Noke, Muswell Hill, Elsfield, depauperatus. Stow
‘Wood, perfect flowers.

5. Isis. Tar Wood, Sib. Wychwood, H. Bos. Chipping Norton,
Charlbury, Wilcote, Handborough, Chadlington.

6. Thame. Shotover, Dr. Williams, 1831. Very fine; in great aband-
ance in a low pasture below the brick kilns on south side of Shot-
over, Bz. Nuneham, H. Bos. Littlemore.

7. Thames. Stokenchurch, Bx. WSS. Chinnor, Sunley Wood, Goring,
Maple Durham.

Berks. Bagley, H. Bos. Tubney, Cumnor, Unwell Wood.

The glands at the base of the petals vary much in size; Mr. Grant
Allen informs me that sometimes they are so much developed as to suggest
the origin of tubular petals. Our Oxford plants do not exhibit this exces-
sive gland development to the same extent as the Surrey specimens. The
plant with imperfect petals is the more frequent form. The young lower
leaves are strangely different from the upper ones.

Vv R. bulbosus, L. Buttercup.

Top. Bot. 13. Syme, E. B.i. 41. 35. Nym. 13.

Native. Pascual. P. Common, meadows and pastures. May-July.

First record, Sib. 1794. Unlocalised.

Common in all the districts except the Stour. A plant with double
flowers was found on Holton quarries. A starved form with blossoms
about 3 inch across and abortive stamens has also been seen on Cowley
Marsh.

R. Lingua, L. Great Spearwort.

Top. Bot. 11. Syme, E. B. i. 35. 31. Nym. 13.

Native. Paludal. P. Banks of rivers. Local and rare. July, August.

First record, Sib. 1794.

4. Ray. Cherwell bank, Upper Heyford, Rev. E. Fox. Cherwell banks,
near King’s Mill, Sid. Cherwell side betn. Marston and Water
Eaton.

5. Isis. Near Botley Bridge, H. Bos. Ditch by Folly Bridge, Bz.
Extinct.

Berks. Abingdon, H. Bos. Cookham, Phyt.i.o.s. Oxford, H. Bos.

The rarity of this plant about Oxford and its absence on Otmoor is

remarkable. The early leaves of this plant are oblong cordate. See Linn.
Journal, vol. xxi. Not recorded from Gloucester. Rare in Northants.

R. Flammula, L. Lesser Spearwort.
Top. Bot. 11. Syme, E. B. i. 32. 28. Nym. 13.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 7

Native. Paludal. P. Heaths, bogs, watery places. Local. June-
August.

First record, Sib. 1794.

3. Swere. Horton, Wroxton, Shutford, Gul’. Hanwell, beyond South
Newington, not common, Bees. Bretch, A. Fr. Shutford.

4. Ray. Abundant on Otmoor, A. Fr.! Studley, Hd. Bx. Stow
Wood, H. Ridley. Marston, R. Linton. Marsh betn. Lower
Heyford and Kirtlington, Headington Wick.

5. Isis. South Leigh Heath, Sid. Binsey, H. Bos. Bruern, North
Leigh, Wychwood, Port Meadow, Ramsden Heath.

6. Thame. Bullingdon Green, Sid. Thame, Hb. Bx. Albury, Shot-
over, Cowley Marsh. :

7. Thames. Binfield Heath, Woodcote Common, Ibstone Common,
North Stoke.

Berks. Between Kennington and Radley, H. HZ. Garnsey. Near Sand-
ford Lasher, Bagley Wood, Frilford Heath, Wootton, Boar’s Hill.

The Bagley Wood plant is a large-flowered, broad-leaved form, but the

chain of connecting links with typical Flammula is too unbroken to warrant
varietal distinction. The commons on the Tertiary deposits of the Chilterns
yield the form pseudo reptans, Syme, a very variable plant, having often-
times in the autumn broad leaves and small flowers. This has been sent
to me as ophioglossifolius, from which it differs abundantly. I suspect
Flammula may be absent from the Stour district.

BR. arvensis, L. Corn Buttercup.

Top. Bot. 15. Syme, E. B.i. 46. 38 Nym. 13.

Colonist. A. Cornfields. Locally common. June—-Aug.

First record, Sib. 1794. Unlocalised.

1. Stour. Sibford, Tadmarton.

2. Ouse. Cottisford, Stoke Lyne.

3. Swere. Neithrop, Gull. Banbury, Hanwell, 4. Fr.

4. Ray. Woodstock, H. Bos. Elsfield, Headington Wick, Stow Wood,
Bicester.

5. Isis. Witney, H. Bos. Handborough, Ditchley, Charlbury, Ascott.

6. Thame. Oxford, Lawson. Thame, Hb. Bx. Dorchester, F. Bennett.

7. Thames. Goring; most abundant in fields on the Lower Chalk from
Chinnor westwards.

Berks. Tubney, Boar's Hill, Basildon, Blewberry, Wittenham, etc.

BR. Sardous, Cr. R. philonotis, Ehrh.

R. hirsutus, Curt. Top. Bot. 14. Syme, E. B. i. 43. 36. Nym. 14.

Native. Inundatal. Moist pastures, commons ; rare or extinct. June.

First record, Sb. 1794.

3. Swere. Banbury, A. Beesley, in Bees. Hist. No specific locality
[was it rightly identified?] Top. Bot. Beesley Cat.
8 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

5. Isis. South Leigh Heath, Sid. now enclosed.

6. Thame. Bullingdon Marsh, Z. Fow. Extinct (?).

Berks. Near Wellington College, Penny. Kintbury, Eleot, Reeks.
Northants (probably extinct), Warwick casual.

R. sceleratus, L. Celery-leaved Buttercup. Marsh Crowfoot.

Top. Bot. 14. Syme, E. B. i. 31.27. Nym. 14.

Native. Paludal. Pools, shallow water, muddy ditches, ete. Local.
A. June-Sept.

First record, Sid.1794. Unlocalised.

3. Swere. Nr. Dye House, Wroxton Gull. Watery places (?), not com-
mon, Beesl., Hanwell, F. Fr. Broughton Plantation; not common
about Banbury, A. Fr. Clattercut.

4, Ray. Lower Heyford, HE. Fox, Bicester, Elsfield, Headington
Wick, H. Bos. Oddington, Lower Heyford, Marston Meadows,
Horton and Studley, Noke, Kirtlington. ‘

5. Isis. Wolvercote, H. Bos. Walton’s Well, R. Linton. Binsey,
Botley. Plentiful in lane betn. Foscott and Bruern.

6. Thame. Oxford with small flowers and fruit, Hb. Lawson.
Thame, Hb. Ba. Near Forest Hill, H. £. Garnsey. Dorches-
ter, F. Bennett. Radley, abundant.

Berks. Ferry Hinksey, H. Ridley. Twyford, H. Boswell. Marcham,
South Hinksey.

R. parviflorus, L.

Top. Bot.14. Syme, E. B.i. 45.27. Nym. 14.

Native. Glareal. Dry banks. A. Local, and decreasing. May-June.

First record, Sib. 1794.

4, Ray. Many places about Oxford, as at Elsfield, Br. MSS. Elsfield
rare, H. Bos. Stow Wood, Prof. Daubeny, 1842. Headington,
R. Linton.

5. Isis. South Leigh, Sib. extinct. Botley, Br. MSS. Wychwood.
Abundant in central riding from Cornbury to Leafield.

6. Thame. Shotover, Bullingdon Green, Sid.

7. Thames. Near Bledlow.

Berks. Abingdon Road, nr. Oxford, Walk. Wappy Valley, &.
Linton. Cumnor Hill, H. Bos. Bagley Wood, not uncommon.

The decrease of this plant during the last fifty years about Oxford is
remarkable. It is thinly scattered through the bordering counties, being
very rare in Northants.

B. aquatilis, L. (aggregate). Water Buttercup.

Native, ponds, ditches, etc. April-July. Generally distributed.
First record, Ray’s Hist. Plant. 1686, in fluvio Iside Oxon.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 9

preter fluente copiosum. This probably refers to R. fluitans. ‘Among
the earliest of the aqueous plants—and that which is seldom out of sight
until the Thames loses somewhat of its purity—is the Water Crowfoot, the
large white flowers of which rise in sparkling profusion above the surface ;
and... the curious variety in the floating and submerged leaves is very
apparent—the former being broadly lobed while the latter are cut into
minute thread-like divisions somewhat resembling the leaves of Fennel.
Further down, where the stream acquires increased depth and velocity, the
plant assumes a different character, the flat leaves entirely disappear, both
stem and leaves being drawn out by the current into mere bundles of
cords of great length; in this case the flowers are only produced at
occasional intervals.’ Hall's Book of the Thames, p. 16.

R. fluitans, Lamk. Water Buttercup.

Batrachium fluitans,W. R. fluriatilis, Web. Top. Bot. 9. Syme, E. B.
i.17.16. Nym.15. Native. Rivers. Frequent. June-Aug.
First record, Sib. 1794. R. fluviatilis, Wigg. This probably included

R. penicillatus, Dum.
. Swere. Canal near King Sutton. R. French.
. Ray. Cherwell! Sid.
. Isis. Isis and Windrush! Sid. Folly Bridge to Kelmscott.
. Thame. Oxford, Hb. Br. Mus. M. Lawson. Nuneham, H. Bos.
Sandford.
7. Thames. Goring, Maple Durham, Henley, Sonning. A charac-
teristic feature of the Thames from Bablock Hithe to Sonning.
It varies as to the size of its flowers, but the large flowered form is
more frequent; the smaller plant may be R. Bachii, W.
Berks, Bucks, Northants, Gloster, and Warwick.

aoe w

R. circinatus, Sid.

Batrachium circinatum, Nym. Top. Bot. 8. Syme, E. B. i. 16. 15.
Nym, 15.

Native. Ponds, canals, and streams, rather common. June-Aug.

First record, Sid. 1794, and first as British.

3. Swere. Banbury, often with aquatilis, Gull. Hardwick Rd. R.
French. Crouch fields, Miss Rusher. Adderbury, Hb. A. Fr.
Clattercut.

4. Ray. Bayswater, Islip, Bos. Upper Heyford, Oxford, Bicester.

5. Isis. South Leigh, Sid. Binsey, Bos. Isis, Hb. Br. Mus. Dyer.
Railway Pond near Red House, H. E.Garnsey. Wolvercote, Witney,
Handborough, Charlbury, Oxford Canal, abundant nr. Yarnton.

6. Thame. Christ Church Meadows, Sid. Imfley, Hb. Lawson.
Thame, Hb. Bx. Dorchester, Chiselhampton.

7. Thames. Goring, Newbould. Henley.
Io FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Berks. Sonning, Hb. Br. Mus. Rudge. Abingdon Canal, abundant ;
Hinksey, Iffley meadows.

This plant not unfrequently occurs growing with other varieties of
Batrachium, but retains its characteristic features.

BR. trichophyllus, Chaiz.

Batrachium trichophyllwm, F. Sz. Syme, E. B. i. 23. 21. Nym. 15.
Native. Lacustral. Still waters. Local and rare. May-June.

First record, Rev. W. W. Newbould, circa 1860.

2. Ouse. Near Hethe.

4. Ray. Bladon and Begbrook, 1863, H. Bos., near the Crescent,
Oxford, Bladon, Rogers, 1882. Blackthorn near Bicester, nr.
Charlton.

6. Thame. Cowley Marsh, 1861, H. Bos. Sandford.

7. Thames. Pangbourne, Newd.

Berks. Pangbourne and Streatley, Newb. Near Cookham, Britten.
Wargrave, Melville. Abingdon! See Rep. of Rec. Club, 1881,
p. 204, and occurs sparingly in the bordering counties. This appears
to be a distinct plant. Its affinities are rather with circinatus than
Drouetii from which it is easily recognisable.

BR. Drouetii, F. Sz.

Batrachium Drouetii, Nym. Syme, E. B. i. 22.20. Nym.15.

Native. Ponds, ditches, and slow streams. May—June.

First record, W. 7. T. Dyer, 1871. Journ. Bot. vol. ix.

3. Swere. Deddington.

4, Ray. Pond between Woodstock Park and Station, Water Eaton
pond. See Rep. of Rec. Club, 1881. Rousham, typical, Middle-
ton Stoney.

5. Isis. Burford, Handborough, Port Meadow, Bampton, Witney,
W. Mathews, 1883.

6. Thame. Shotover.

Berks. Marcham, Bablock Hithe, Dyer. Bucks, Northants, Gloucesh.,
Warwick.

This is the common pond Batrachiwm in the Cherwell Valley. A form
of peltatus without floating leaves is occasionally mistaken for it. The
flowers vary somewhat in size but are always smaller than peltatus forms ;
its much lighter green foliage, hispid receptacle and flaccid habit dis-
tinguish it from trichophyllus.

BR. radians, Rev.

Batrachium diversifolium, Sch. Nym. 15.
Native. Ponds. Rare. June.
First record, the Author, 1883, near Bicester.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. II

This appears to be trichophyllus with floating leaves. In Warwick
only.

BR. peltatus, Fries.

Batrachium peltatum, Pr. Fl. [Nym. 15]. R. truncatus, Dumort.
Ri. floribundus, Bab.

Native. Ponds, ditches. Local. April—July.

First record, Sir Jos. Banks, 1760, circa.

2. Ouse Ardley, Hethe.

8. Swere. Broughton.

4, Ray. Marston Lane, heterophyllus, Sib. Rousham.

5. Isis. Near Oxford, Jos. Banks, Hb. Br. Mus. South Leigh, S7d.
heterophyllus, Abundant in the Upper Thames as floribundus.

6. Thame. Albury.

7. Thames. Crowell Hill, Hd. Br. Nettlebed, floribundus, A. Fr.
Woodcote, truncatus. Nuffield, Binfield, Chinnor, Stokenchurch,
Ibstone, Lane End, floribundus.

Berks. Wokingham, Watson. Isley, truncatus. Sonning, Hb. Br.
Mus. Rudge, floribundus.

Bucks, Northants, Warwick, Gloucester.

This is the characteristic Ranunculus of the Chilterns, the large white
flowers being abundantly produced in almost:every part. The separation
of floribundus and truncatus has not been attempted—the characters
appearing inconstant. Some peltatus forms approximate to heterophyllus,
Fries. in leaf cutting; a starved form with small flowers, wanting the
parenchymatous leaves, occurs on the muddy margins of ponds, and
probably is R. cespitosus, Th. Another form, occurring in the Thames,
with long peduncles, may be the R. elongatus, Hiern; and another form
occurs without floating leaves, not the submersus of Bab., which is a form
of heterophyllus.

Ranunculus penicillatus, Dum.
Batrachium penicillatum, Dum. R. pseudo-fluitans, Bab. Syme, E. B.
i. 20.

Native. Canals, ditches, and rivers. May-July.

First record, W. 7. 7. Dyer, 1871. Journ. Bot. ix.

2. Ouse. Mixbury.

4. Ray. About Oxford, Dyer. Marston, Islip, Heyford.

5. Isis. Wytham, R. Thurland. Handborough, Eynsham.

6. Thame. Iffley, Sandford.

7. Thames. Caversham, J. French. In the flowing spring. Sonning,
jn an unusually fine state; no floating leaves. ep. of Rec.
Club, 1883.

Berks. Kennington, Abingdon Canal. Northants, Nene, Warwick,
Gloucester, near Lechlade.
12 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

R. heterophyllus, Bab.

Batrachium heterophyllum, 8. F.Gray. Syme, E. B.i. 21.19. Nym. 16.

Native. Rivers. June.

First record, Babington, 1849.

6. Thame, near South Stoke. Thames, Pangbourne, Bad. in Ann.
Nat. Hist. ii. 16. 393. Mr. Newbould informs me this is the true
heterophyllus. Sibthorp’s heterophyllus included, if it did not
represent, peltatus.

{R. Lenormandi, F. Sz. Bagshot Heath, Berks; Gloster, Warwick.]

BR. hederaceus, L. Iny-leaved Crowfoot.
Batrachium hederaceum, 8. F. Gray. Syme, E. B. i, 30. 26. Top. Bot.
11. Nym. 16.

Native. Lacustral, shallow streams, borders of ponds, wet places.

Local. May-Aug.

First record, Sib. 1794.

3. Swere. Pool near Milton, 4, Fr. Hanwell Heath, 1851, 7. Bees.

4. Ray. Marston, Ba. in Walk. Fl.

5. Isis. South Leigh, Sib. Wolvercote, H. Bos. Pond on Wolver-
cote Green, H. H. Garnsey. Stanton Harcourt, Eynsham, 7d.
Wychwood, Handborough.

6. Thame. Littlemore, Walker. S. side of Shotover, Br. MSS.
Between Bullingdon and Horsepath, Cowley Marsh, 1833, Br.
Thame, Br. Hb. Albury.

7. Thames. Caversham, Chambers’s Green.

Berks. S. Hinksey, H. Bos. Tuns Lane, Erleigh, F. Tufnail.

The Albury plant was probably, R. homoiophyllus, Ten.—a floating

form.

HELLEBORUS. L.

H. fetidus, L. Stinking Hellebore, Tetter Wort.

(Top. Bot. 23.] Syme, E. B. i. 59. 45. Baxt. 103. Nym. 17.

Denizen. Sylvestral. Wooded quarries. Local and rare, Feb.—Apr.

First record, Sib. 1794.

4. Ray. Kingswood Lane, Lower Heyford, Woodward, Bx. Br. P.

5 Isis. Cornbury Stone Quarries, Sib. Woodward, 1884! See Rep.
of Rec. Club, 1881, Blenheim, Rogers.

Berks. Windsor, Phyt. v. 528 xs. Buckland, Bos. Bracketed in
Top. Bot. for Berks, Bucks, Northants (it is a denizen in Yardley
Chase), and Warwick.

H. viridis, L. Bear’s foot.

[See Top. Bot. 23.] Syme, E. B. i. 57. 44. Nym. 17. Native.

Sylvestral. P. Woods on Chalk. Denizen elsewhere. Local. Mar.-May.

First record, J. Bobart, 1699, in Hist. Ox. iii. Helleborus niger
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 13

sylvestris ramosus latiore folio deciduo, Insylvis pago vulgo Stoken-
church dicto vicinis agro Oxoniensis ... sponte et copiose nasvitur.

2. Ouse. Ardley Wood.

3. Swere. Hanwell, Gull. Can hardly be considered wild, as the
place appears to have originally been a garden, and still contains
Eranthis, etc., Bees.

4. Ray. Kingswood Lane, Lower Heyford, G. Woodward in Br.
Copse near Water Eaton, Hb. Lawson! See Rep. of Ree.
Club, 1881.

5. Isis. Woodstock, Bree in Purton’s Mid. Fl. Wychwood, R.
Linton! Wilcote, plentiful.

6. Thame. Wood Perry Farm, Sid,

7. Thames. Stokenchurch, Bobart. Nuffield, Sid.! Mongewell!
J. Oglander in Walk, Nuffield, in a wood going from Heath
End Farm to Wallingford, in the greatest plenty, probably in Mr.
Sheffield's writing in Dill. Ray in Bib. Hort. Ox. Buckwood,
Mongewell, Bolton King! See Rep. of Rec, Club, 1881.

Berks. Tidmarsh, near Pangbourne, near Newbury, Mr. Sheffield in
Dill, Ray. Hampstead Norris, Compton's Hist. Bucks, native.
Northants (denizen or alien), Gloucester, Warwick (alien).

This plant is bracketed in Top. Bot., Mr. Watson having probably Mr.
Beesley’s statement about the North Oxfordshire station in his mind; but
its wide range in old woods on the Chalk downs affords sufficient evidence
of its nativity—if that grade be given to it in Bucks or Kent.

* Eranthis hyemalis, Sal. Winter Aconite,

Comp. Cyb. 477. Syme, E. B.i. 55. 43. Nym. 18. Alien. Planta-

tions, parks, etc.. Jan.—March.

2. Ouse. Ardley. Escape.

3. Swere. Hanwell Plantation. Bees. Hedgebank near Perry’s
Nursery, Banbury; bank of « rivulet at Milton, A. Fr. Steeple
Aston, Rev. F. Fox.

5. Isis. Blenheim, Rogers. Roadside near Charlbury.

Berks. Parklike Meadows, Burghfield, F, Tufnail.

CALTHA. L.
y C. palustris, L. Marsh Marigold.

Top. Bot. 15. Syme, E. B. i. 50. 40. Baxt. 153. Nym. 18.

Native. Paludal. River sides, wet meadows, etc. Common, and gene-
rally distributed. P. Mar.—June.

First record, Sid. 1794. Unlocalised. ;

Obs. A large tract of valuable meadow land in Oxon and Northants,
on the banks of the Cherwell, has been much injured by a navigable canal
made considerably above its level, and from Banbury to Oxford very ill-
I4 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

executed. It is rendered extremely boggy by the continual oozing of the
water through its banks, and in lieu of meadow grasses of the best quality,
with which it abounded, it is now over-run by Caltha palustris and
other aquatic plants. Agric. Rep. of Oxford, p. 207.

A double-flowered form has been found at Kirtlington, where the plant
is unusually fine, by the Cherwell, under Gibraltar rocks, and also at
Marcham, Berks. The plant varies extremely in leaf cutting, from
roundly crenate to acutely serrate. A plant with a creeping rootstock
was noticed in Ditchley Woods, and Baxter says he has found ‘a small
variety with more reclining stems, each bearing only one to three flowers,
with petals only about half-size of the common one, in boggy places at
Stow Wood.’

Caltha forms one of the great adornments of our meadows in early
spring.

Var. C. Guerangerti, Boreau.

Top. Bot. 15. Oxford.

5. Isis. Christ Church Meadow, Hb. Br. Mus. W. T. Dyer. Charl-
bury, Iffey Meadows, Weston peat pits, Wychwood Forest.

AQUILEGIA. L.

Va. vulgaris, L. Columbine.

Top. Bot. 17. Syme, E. B. i. 60. 46. Nym. 18. Baxt. 221, from a
plant gathered on Shotover 1836.

Native. Sylvestral. P. Woods, thickets. Local. May-July.

First record, Aquilegia sylvestris, C. B. P. Blackstone, 1737.

2. Ouse. Ardley Wood, Stoke Lyne.

3. Swere. Bloxham, an escape, A. Fr.

4. Ray. Stow Wood! Wick Copse! Sid. In Headington Wick bog,
Be. MSS. Tackley, Rev. H. Fox.

5. Isis. In a coppice near the ranger’s lodge in Wychwood Forest,
Blackstone. Near Chipping Norton, Bees. Glympton, Bx. Wych-
wood, Hb. Lawson. Sarsgrove, Mr. Atkins. Ditchley, Finstock,
Lees rest wood with pink flowers.

6. Thame. Shotover Hill, Bx. Br. Pl. Ditto, Phyt. iv. 1851, p. 129.
Mr. Bree thinks it native. Thame, an escape, A. Fr.

7. Thames. Shierburne, Bx. Br. Pl. Penley Hangings, Hd. Be.
Withy Coppice, Penley Wood abundant, wood near lane end.

Berks. Pusey Wood, H. Bos. Bessilsleigh, Bx. Isley Warren,
Hampstead Norris, Comp. Hist. Streatley, West Woodhay, Be.
Bisham Wood, Flower. Wytham Wood, Bagley Wood, Unwell
Wood.

Obs.—Generally with blue, occasionally with pink, very rarely with
white flowers.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 15

** Aconitum Napellus, L. Aconite.

Syme, E. B. i. 65. 48. Casual. Near Deddington Paper Mill. Not
seen by Gulliver though included in his list. Garden escape at Head-
ington.

* * Delphinium Consolida, Br. Fl. Larkspur.

D. Ajacis, Reich. non Linn. Comp. Cyb. Br. 87. Syme, E. B. i. 62.
47. small plant, Nym. 21.

Casual. Cornfields and waste places. Local and rare. July, August.

First record, Gulliver, 1820.

3. Swere. Near Deddington Paper Mill, Gull. Not seen elsewhere.
Perhaps both Delphinium and Aconitum have escaped from a
garden. Banbury, Bx. in Walk.

4. Ray. Near the Crescent, H. Bos. Near the Parks, Br. in Walk.
Plentiful in an allotment field growing amongst onions 1885, D.
Ajacis.

5. Isis. Canal bank near Wolvercote, 7. Thurland. Nr. Handborough,
escape.

6. Thames. Field on Shotover, brought with manure (?), H. Bos. Shot-
over fields near the wind-mill, 7. Thurland. One plant near Iffley,
Newbould.

Berks. Wargrave, Melville. Waste ground ur. Cookham Lock, 1865,
Britten. Fields back of Streatley, woods Basildon, #. Tufnail.

The above records show what slight claim this plant has to be included

in the Oxon Flora. It was given as an unquestioned native in Walker's
Flora, on the two authorities quoted above.

** Peeonia officinalis, D. The Peony.

Syme, E, B. i. 68. 50. Casual.

5. Isis. Rail side near Bruern signal-box. Garden outcast.
Berks. In aclose at Sunningwell, How’s Phytologia, 1650.

Orv. II. BERBERIDEX.

BERBERIS. L.

V B. vulgaris, L. Barberry.

Top. Bot. 18. Syme, E. B.i. 64.51 Baxt. 115. Nym. 22.

Denizen. Hedges. Local. Shrub. May, June.

First record, Plot, 1677.

2. Ouse. Tusmore and Cottisford, R.C. Pryor. Ardley.

83. Swere. Wickham Lane, Gull. Ditto, rare, Bees. Bodicote, A. Fr.
Nr. Banbury, R. French. Bloxham Grove and Gt. Bourton, 0.
V. Aplin. Gt. Tew, A. Fr.
16 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

4. Ray. Betn. Middleton Stoney and Ardley, Bx. Oldbury, and beta.
Stonehouse Farm and Weston peat pits, Wilson Saunders. Kirt-
lington, HZ. Fox. Marston, H. Ridley. Caversfield, Bicester, nr.
Middleton, H. Bos. Gt. Chesterton and Bucknell, G. Woodward
in Be. Marston Lane. Very large bushes about the walls of
Water Eaton Manor House, Kirtlington, near Rousham.

5. Isis. Betn. Upper and Lower Kiddington, Plot. Godstow Nunnery!
Walk. Hedges about Charlbury frequently, Blackstone. Fallow
fields about Walcot, Blackst. MSS. Wychwood, Hb. Lawson.
Blenheim, Cornbury quarries, Clanfield.

Berks. Bagley, Cumnor, Px. Hinksey, H. Bos. Pusey Wood, Buck-
land, Bos. Medley, Sid.

Orp. II]. NYMPHA#AC#, DC.

NYMPHZEA. L.

Vy. alba, L. White water-lily.
Top. Bot. 19. Syme, E. B.i. 76.53. Nym. 23. Baxt. 181-182, from
Oxford Spec.

Native. Lacustral. Rivers, ponds. Common. P. June-August.

First record, 1794, Sid. Unlocalised.

3. Swere. Cherwell near King Sutton, Bees. Twyford, A. fr.

4. Ray. Very common in Cherwell about Heyford and Oxford, Be.
Headington Wick, H. Bos. Kirtlington, The Parks, river Ray
near Islip, etc. Var. N. minor, Syme. In canal at Kidlington.

5. Isis. Ditches about Oxford, Purton. Mid. Fl. Rufford. Isis, Hb.
Lawson. Blenheim, Rogers. Abundant from Eynsham to
Chimney.

6. Thame. Sandford, Clifton Hampden, Culham, Dorchester.

7. Thames. Moulsford, Maple Durham, Henley, ete.

Berks. As above. A small flowered form in the ditch at the west
side of the field near South Hinksey, nr. the ‘ Devil’s Back Bone,’
in flower July 31, 1844. The flowers, when pressed flat in a fully
expanded state, measure only 34 inches across, Ba. MSS. Specimens
in Hb, Oz.

‘In the still recesses of the river (about Oxford) we found that queen of
water-nymphs, the white water-lily, in the greatest luxuriance, both in
number and in the extraordinary size of the flowers and leaves... We found
the stems were 8 to Io feet in length, and the leaves were of immense
breadth: the flowers were also unusually developed, and some specimens
were suffused with a blush of roseate tint, that contrasted delightfully with
the rich green of the calyx and leaves.’ Hall's Book of the Thames, 85.
PLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 17

Mr. W. Turner of Oxford made his two beautiful paintings of water-
lilies from the Cherwell.

Keeley Halswhelle’s pictures of Thames scenery are very frequently
brightened by masses of white lilies. Their showy flowers are a special
feature in the Thames Flora.

Bucks, Berks, Northants, Gloucester, Warwick (? wild).

NUPHAR. Sm.
vw. luteum, Si. Yellow Water-Lily.

Top. Bot. 20, Syme, E. B.i. 76.54. Nym. 23. Baxt. 281-282. from
Oxford spec.

Native. Lacustral. Rivers, ponds, ditches. Common. P. June-August.

First record, Sib. 1794, Nymphea lutea, Ait. Unlocalised.

Frequently painted in pictures of the Thames scenery, and a prominent
feature in the river vegetation. It varies considerably in the size of its
flowers.

Orv. IV. PAPAVERACEZ, DC.

PAPAVER. L.
*P, somniferum, L. The Garden Poppy.

Cyb. Br.i. 106. Comp. 479. Syme, E. B.i.82.57. Baxt. 53. Nym. 23.

Alien, Waste places. Rare. A. June-July.

First record, Sib. 1794.

38. Swere. Manure heap, canal side, Bodicote, 4. Fr. Cultivated near
Banbury, and thence escaping.

4, Ray. Summertown, Thurland. Kirtlington, var. hortense, Huss.
Kidlington, ditto.

5. Isis. Nr. the Observatory, Godstow Nunnery, Sib. Yarnton, 2.

Linton. Waste ground ur. G. Western Station. ortense.

Thame. Bet. St. Clement's and Cowley Marsh (extinct), Bx. in
Walk, Waste ground near Wallingford, var. P. setigerum, God.
Thames. Cornfields at Maple Durham, W. R. Burt in Bz. 1833.
The glabrous form P. hortense, Huss. is the more frequent plant.

Berks. Wargrave, Melville. Isley, Ashridge, Compt. Wytham,
rail side near Reading.
Northants, Warwick.

=

“I

Vv P. Rheas, L. Common Red Poppy.

Top. Bot. 22. Syme, E. B. i. 87. 58. Nym. 24.

Colonist. Cornfields. Abundant, and generally distributed throughout
the county; especially abundant on the Northampton sands, the Portland
sands, and upper Greenstone formations. A. May-Aug.

c
18 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

First record, Sib. 1794. Unlocalised.

Var. P. strigosum, Bugh. Reich. Icon. iii. t. 16, 4478. Shotover.

In addition to the above variety with appressed hairs, at least two
forms occur, one with acute narrow leaf segments of a darker and more
glossy green, with long spreading reddish pubescence on the peduncle; the
second with a long terminal leaflet, little divided, and very pubescent
foliage of a paler green, the hairs on the peduncle being paler and weaker.
At Foscott on the Gloucestershire boundary occurred another with pale red
flowers and capsule rather longer than the type; these peculiarities did
not, however, appear to suggest dubiwm parentage. <A plant with pure
white petals was seen near Elsfield.

P. Lamottei, Bor.

Syme, E. B. i. 89. 59. :

Colonist. Tilled and waste ground, walls, ete. A. May-August.

First certain record, Newbould, 1860. Sibthorp’s dubium was probably

1. Stour. Tadmarton, Hd. R. Fr.!
2. Ouse. Mixbury.
8. Swere. Tadmarton, roadside.
4. Ray. Headington Wick, H. Bos. Marston, Noke.
5. Isis. Wolvercote, H. Bos. Godstow, Charlbury.
6. Thame. Cowley, H. Bos. Caversham, Rev. W. Newbould. Wheatley,
Holcote.

7. Thames. Goring, see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1880.

Very variable in size; from one inch to three feet.

P. Lecogii, Lmt.

Colonist. Walls, cultivated fields. Local. A. June-August.

Comp. Cyb. 478. Syme, E. B. i. 90. 60. Nym. 24.
First record, A. French, about 1868,
. Swere. Betn. Milton and Barford, A. F.
. Ray. Kirtlington, Marston, typical.
. Isis. Bampton.
. Thame. Near Thame, A. F. Leaves rather of Lamottei.
. Thames. Goring, see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1880.

Berks. South Hinksey, see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1881. Streatley, Low-

bury.

The extreme forms or varieties are not difficult to distinguish, but so
many intermediates occur that it is not easy to refer some of them to
either of the above forms.

Not on record for Gloster.

P. Argemone, L.

Top. Bot. 21. Syme, E. B. i. 91.61. Nym. 24.

Colonist or native. Waysides, cornfields, etc. Not uncommon. A.
June—Aug.

TO ob 09
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 19

First record, Si. 1794. Unlocalised.

1. Stour. Tadmarton heath, A. Fr. Stourwell, T. Bees.

3. Swere. Old Wall, Banbury, Adderbury. Capsule shorter than
usual from being starved, Hb..A. Fr. Drayton, E. Walford. Tad-
marton Road, EH. French. Broughton Castle Road, 7’. Bees.

4. Ray. Headington, nr. Joe Pullen’s tree, Bx. Headington Wick,
H. Bos. The Parks, Sib. Islip, Stow Wood.

5. Isis. South Leigh, Eynsham, Sib. Betn, Woodstock Road and Hey-
field’s Hut, Bx. Wolvercote.

6. Thame. Sandy fields nr, Warnford Asylum, Bx. MSS. Cowley, Hb.
Lawson. Thame, Hb. Bx. Bullingdon, H. Bos. Shotover Road,
Hl. E. Garnsey. Dorchester.

7. Thames. Caversham, Newbould. Eye and Dunsden, A. Fr. Goring,
South Stoke. Abundant near Woodcote.

Berks. Wootton heath, H. Bos. Tubney, Frilford, Moulsford, Streatley.

AtGoring it occurred with a dwarf form, having petals not } inch across.

P. micranthum, Bor. (2)

P. hybridum, LD.

Top. Bot. 21. Syme, E. B.i.g2.62. Nym. 24.

Colonist. Cornfields. Local and rare. A. June—September.

First record, Sibth. 1794.

4, Ray. The Parks, Sibth. Extinct.

5. Isis. Eynsham, Sibth.,.do. R. Walker, 1830. Bank on right-hand

side of meadow going from Oxford to Port Meadow, near Heyfield’s
Hut, 1833, Bx. MSS. St. Giles’ fields, near the J mile tree, Ba. in
Purton. Extinct. The last locality erroneously referred to the
Eynsham Road in Walk. Fl.

6. Thame. Field below Shotover, H. Bos. 1860.

7. Thames. Gathampton, H. Bos. South Stoke, in cornfield. Goring,

in turnip field. North Stoke.

Berks. Elcot, Woodhay, Kintbury, Reeks. Nr. Erleigh, F. Tufnaitl.

Blewbury downs.

I cannot see that the colour of the petals is scarlet, as stated in the
Student’s Flora; to me they appear dark crimson. Reichenbach’s figure is
also coloured scarlet, but it. certainly is not so with the Oxon, Berks, and
Northants plants.

Berks, Northants, Gloster.

CHELIDONIUM. L.
Cc. majus, L. Greater Celandine.
Top. Bot. 23. Syme, E. B.i. 99.67. Baxt. 51. Nym. 25.
Denizen. Hedge banks and waste places, near villages. P. May-August.
First record, Sibth., 1794. Unlocalised.
2. Ouse. Mixbury, Ardley.
C2
20 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

3. Swere. Waste places leading to the Marches, Banbury, Gull. Walls
abt. Banbury, Aplin. Broughton, R. French! Bloxham, 8. A.
Rusher.

4, Ray. Elsfield, Water Eaton, H. Bos. Noke, F. Bennett, Stanton
8. John, Stow Wood.

5. Isis. Godstow, R. Linton. Wychwood, Wolvercote, H. Bos. Wood-
stock, Prof. Daubeny, 1841. Bladon, Rogers. instock, Stones-
field, Barford, Minster Lovell, Foscott, Handborough.

6. Thame. Waterstock, A. Fr.

7. Thames. Aston Rowant, Bx. Hb. Ewelme, H. Bos. Goring,
Binfield.

Berks. Streatley, H. Bos. Dry Sandford, Tubney.

** Escholtzia Californica, Hb. Br. Mus. Col., A. French. A casual in
cornfield, Adderbury, Milton, 1870. Bicester Cemetery, A. Fr.

No claim to be considered even as a naturalised plant.

** Meconopsis cambrica, Vig. A garden outcast.. St. Clement’s, 1880.
It is well established in the Botanical Garden.

Orv. V. FUMARIACE, DC.
Corydalis, DC.
** C. solida, Sw. Syme, E. B.i. 101. 68. Comp. Cyb. 479. Nym. 26.
Alien.
Milton, Adderbury, Hd. Br. MSS. Col., A. French. Marsh Baldon plan-

tation, Hb. Lawson. Near Christ Church back gate, an escape,
H. Bos. Mixbury, R. C. Pryor.

* ©. lutea, DC. Syme, E. B. i. 102. 69. Comp. Cyb. 479. Nym. 26.

Alien. Old walls in villages. Rare. May-June.

First record, Mr. Darwail, in Walk. F1., 1833.

Broughton, 8. Rusher! Milton, Hb. A. Fr. Middleton Stoney, H. Fox.
Elsfield, Somerton, Caversham, Mr. Darwall. Thame, A. Fr.
Lewknor, H. Bos. Whitchurch.

Scarcely naturalized in Oxon. and only occurring on walls in villages.

C. claviculata, DC. Climbing Fumitory.

Syme, E. B. i. 103. yo. Nym. 26.

Native. Sylvestral. Woods. Very local. A. June—Aug.

First found, H. Boswell, 1870.

5. Isis. Plentiful in Hailey Wood, 1870, 1882, H. Bos. Bruern Wood
and Fyfield Heath, 1884.

Berks. Farmer Bishop’s Wood, Ambarrow; also near a brook betn.
the railway and Sandhurst Road, Penny.

Bucks, very local. Warwick.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 21

FUMARIA. L.

F. capreolata, L.

Aggregate. Top. Bot. 25.

First record, Sib. 1794, behind the Park. Garden ground, Headington,
Walk. Cowley, Headington quarries, H. Bos.

Berks. Some plants apparently of this species near Wargrave, Brit.

Not reed. from Northants.

[F. pallidiflora, Jord. Warwick only.]

F. Boraei, Jord.

Syme, E. B. i. 106.72. Nym. 27.

Colonist. Cultivated fields. Rare. A. June.

First record, the Author, 1880.

5. Isis. -Charlbury and Stonesfield.

F. confusa, Jord.

Syme, E. B. i. 107. 73.

Colonist. Cultivated fields. Rare. A. July-August.

First record, the Author.

6. Thame. Near Bullingdon, 1885.

Warwick (Bilton),

F. muralis, Sond.

Syme, E. B. i. 108. 74. Nym. 27.

Colonist. Cultivated ground. Rare. A. June-September.

First record, see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1880, the Author.

6. Thame. Headington, near the quarries.

Sibthorp’s plant was probably this.

In Rep. of Ex. Club, 1882, this is mentioned, in error, as having been sent

from Lowbury, Berks. F. Vaillantii was sent, not muralis.
Warwick.

F. officinalis, L. Common Fumitory.

Top. Bot. 26. Syme, E. B.i. 109.76. Nym. 27. Baxt. 278.

Cultivated fields. Common and generally distributed. A. May—October.

First record, Sith. 1794. Unlocalised.

A large rampant form was seen near Mixbury, Cottisford, and Little-
more. A compact form with small flowers in the chalky fields about
Chinnor. A small, bushy and interlacing plant common in gardens at
Cowley in 1885.

The large climbing form may be distinguished from forms of capreolata
by the abrupt enlargement in the lip of the lower petal.

F. densiflora, DC.

F. micrantha, Lag. Syme, E. B. i. 109. 75. Top. Bot. 26. Nym. 28.
Colonist. Agrestal. Cultivated fields. Confined to the Chalk. A.

June—September.
22 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

First record, Newbould and Boswell, 1860.

7. Thames. Goring, Newb. and Bos. Nr. Wallingford, B. King.
Caversham, Watlington, Ipsden, Stokenchurch, Chinnor, Nuffield, see
Rep. of Rec. Club, 1881.

Berks. Lowbury, field near Unwell Wood, Moulsford, see Rep. of Ree.
Club, 1881. Bucks, nr. Prince’s Risboro’, Rep. of Rec. Club, 1883.

Readily known by its large sepals.

F. Vaillantii, Lois.

Syme, E. B. i. 113.77. Nym. 28.

Colonist. Cultivated Chalk fields. Rare. A. June-September.

First record, Druce and King, 1880, see Rep. of Record Club.

7. Thames. Nr. Wallingford, Bolton King. Goring, in turnip field,
ur. Mongewell, nr. Ewelme.

Berks. Fields near Lowbury. Not in other border counties.

F. parviflora, Lam.

Syme, E. B. i. 114. 78. Nym. 28.

Colonist. Agrestal. Cultivated fields on the Lower Chalk. Local. A.
June-October.

First record, Druce and King, 1880, see Rec. Club Rep. for 1881.

7. Thames. Fields near Mongewell, Watlington, Chinnor, abundant.

Berks. Streatley, field near Lowbury. Bucks (nr. Prince’s Risboro’),
Rep. of Rec. Club, 1883. Gloster.

This plant is much more glaucous than any other British Fumaria.

Orv. VI. CRUCIFERA. Juss.
RAPHANISTRUM [T.]. E.

R. innocuum, Med. Wild Radish.
Raphanus Raphanistrum, L. Syme, E, B. i. 120. 81. Baxt. 359.
Nym. 29.

Colonist. Agrestal. Cornfields. More frequent on sandy soil. A.
May-September.

First record, Sir Jos. Banks, nr. Oxford, 1760.

Area general, The white-flowered form is the more frequent. The
yellow-flowered form has been noticed at Tadmarton, Headington, Shot-
over, Bix, and Chinnor; and at Tubney in Berks.

** Raphanus sativus, Z. The garden radish. Casual. On waste
ground and as a garden outcast, as at Headington.
* CHEIRANTHUS, L.
C. Cheiri, L. Wall flower, Gilliflower.

Comp. Cyb. 485, Syme, E. B.i.154.106. Baxt. 237. Nym. 31.
Denizen. Old walls. P. May-June.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 23

First record, Sib. 1794.

3. Swere. Upper Tadmarton, A. Fr.

4, Ray. Bicester, not wild, A. Fr. Mag. Coll. walls, Sib. New Coll.
Lane, H. Bos.

5. Isis. Godstow, Hb. Br. Mus. Coll. Perrin, with very small yellow
flowers, labelled E. cheiranthoides. Wolvercote, St. John’s Coll.
walls, Worcester Coll., New Road, etc. Yellow flowers.

6. Thame. Wheatley, Tetsworth, variegated flowers. Iffley.

7. Thames. Goring, Maple Durham.

Berks. Reading Abbey, old walls at Streatley.

BARBAREA. Br.
B. stricta, Andrz.
Syme, E. B. i. 173.122. Nym. 31.
Native (?). Riversides. Rare. P. May-July.
First record, A. French, 1876.
6. Thame. Banks of stream 2 miles above Thame, 4. Fr.
Northants (casual), Warwick.

* B. Precox, Br. American Cress.

Comp. Cyb. 484. Syme, E. B.i. 174. 123. Nym. 31.

Alien, Waste ground. Local, B. April—October.

First record, A. French, 1870.

3. Swere Roadside, Gt. Tew, a solitary plant nr. Adderbury, 4. Fr.
5. Isis. Railway side, Port Meadow.

6. Thame. Waste ground, Iffley.

Berks. (Wargrave), Northants. Warwick.

B. vulgaris, Br. (Reich.). Winter Cress.

Top. Bot. 43. Syme, E. B.i. 171.120. Baxt. 450. Nym. 31.

Native. Banks of rivers, ditches, and moist places throughout the
country. B. May-July.

First record, Sibth. 1794. Erysimum Barbarea, L.

Mr. Thiselton Dyer recorded a divaricate form from the Gulf Stream,
Oxford. It also occurs on the river banks about Sandford, and is figured
in Sturm’s Deutsch. Fl. for arcuata.

* B. intermedia, Bor.

Syme, E. B. i. 174. 123. Comp. Cyb. 484. Nym. 32.

Colonist. Cultivated fields. Rare. B. May-June.

First record, the Author, 1880.

7. Thames. On Woodcote Common; still there in 1884, Rep. of Rec.
Club. Near Kidmoor Farm; probably introduced with clover seeds.

Warwick, whence B. arcuata is also recorded.
24 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

TURRITIS. L.
T. glabra, L. Tower Oress.
Arabis perfoliata, Lamk. Syme, E. B. i. 169. 119. Bx. 430. Top.
Bot. 43. Nym. 32.
Native. Woods, hedge-banks. Local and rare. B. May-July.
First record, Sib. 1794.
4, Ray. Stow Wood, Sid. / Fields near Stow Wood, EF. Fox !
5. Isis. Ona wall at Witney, T. Forster, in Bot. Guide.
7. Thames. Henley Park Hill, Prof. Daubeny, 1840.
Berks. Nr. Maidenhead, Bx. 1841. Cookham Down, Phyt. i. v.s.
Bucks, Gloster, Warwick.

ARABIS. L.

* A. Turrita, LD. Tower Wall Cress.

Comp. Cyb. 483. Syme, E. B. i. 169. 118. Baxt. 159, from an Oxford
plant. Nym. 32.

Alien. Old walls. Now extinct. May.

First record, Sib. 1794, Mag. Coll. Walls.

Mag. Coll. Rev. Mr. White, April, 1832, in Walk. Fl. It formerly
grew within the old triangle, Rk. Walker. Naturalized on the walls of the
Bot. Gardens near the old house, Br. Now extirpated. It was destroyed
in repairing Mag. Coll. walls, Journ. Bot. ix. 146. I have specimens from
walls at Oxford gathered by Sir W. C. Trevelyan, Cyb. Br. i. 143. Mag.
Coll. walls, 1855, H. Bos.

The plant never deserved a place in our Flora except as a somewhat
naturalized alien.

A. hirsuta, L. Hairy Rock Cress.

A. sagittata, DC. Top. Bot. 42. Syme, E. B. i. 168.116. Nym. 32.

Native. Rupestral. Walls, dry fields, etc. B. June-August.

First record, Blackstone, 1736. Barbarea muralis, J.B.

4. Ray. Stow Wood, H. Bos.! Barton, H. Ridley.

5. Isis. Ascot, field under the forest wall, near the Stile, Black MSS.
Charlbury, R. Linton. Wootton, roadside, A. F. Rewley Abbey,
Sib. Turritis hirsuta.

6. Thame. Shotover! Bx. 1831. Holton Park wall, R. Walk. ! Thame,
A. Fr. Wheatley.

7. Thames. Goring, W. Pamplin! Stokenchurch, Hb. Ba.

Berks. Sonning, railway cutting, F. Tufnail, Hoe Benham, Reeks.

* A. albida, Stev.

Alien. Garden escape. Bicester, A. Fr. Naturalized at Tetsworth

with C. Chetri. Garden escape at Charlbury and Broughton.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 25

NASTURTIUM. Br.
¥ N. officinale, Br. Water Cress.

Top. Bot. 43. Syme, E. B.i. 176.125. Nym. 35. Baxt. 271.

Native. Paludal. Brooks, wet places. Common and generally dis-
tributed. P. May-October.

First record, ‘ Nast. aquat. foliis minoribus precocius. D. Dale in Newell’s
bogs and other places’ (about Wychwood) Blackstone, 1737.

Var. N. stifolium, Reich. Icon. ii. +. 50.

3. Swere. Ditch near Deddington, A. Fr. Rail-side, Somerton.

5. Isis. North Leigh.

6. Thame. Bullingdon, perhaps this, Newd.

Var. N. microphyllum, Reich. Shotever, Wychwood, Marston, Heading-
ton Wick, Ibstone, etc., is only a starved state. It is often found on the
mud recently thrown out of ditches.

A luxuriant form with the terminal leaflet broad and large is probably
the var. N. latifoliwm of Bouvier’s Flore des Alpes de la Suisse.

The water-cress is cultivated in shallow pools near Bledlow, and con-
siderable quantities sent to the London market.

Nasturtium amphibium, Br. Gt. Yellow Radish.

Top. Bot. 45. Syme, E. B. i. 181. 128. Nym. 35.
Native. Paludal. Banks of rivers, ditches, watery places. Local. P.
J une—September.
First record, Sib. 1794, Sisymbrium amphibium. Unlocalised.
3. Swere. Canal-side, Banbury, Bees. Neithrop Canal, R. French.
4, Ray. Otmoor, A. Fr. Canal nr. Thrupp, H. Bos. Mag. Coll.
meadow, H. E. Garnsey. Heyfords, Kirtlington.
5. Isis. Port Meadow, Eynsham, Binsey, Newbridge, etc.
6. Thame. Sandford, Hb. Lawson. Kennington Island, Iffley, Dor-
chester, Clifton Hampden, Littlemore.
7. Thames. Caversham Common, F. A. Lees. Maple Durham, North
Stoke, Goring.
Berks. Iffley meadows, Radley, Pangbourne, Sonning, etc.
Var. N. aquaticum, Sib. Nearly entire leaves, occurs with the ordinary
form.

Nasturtium sylvestre. Br.

Top. Bot. 44. Syme, E. B.i. 179.126. Nym. 35.

Native. Paludal. Wet meadows. Local. A. June—October.

First record, Sib. 1794, Sisymbrium sylvestre, L.

3. Swere. Third march, canal side. Rare, Gull.

4, Ray. Otmoor, Sib.! Charlton, Horton, Marston, etc.

5. Isis. Canal bank beyond High Bridge, Binsey, Port Meadow! Sib.
Near Medley Lock, Bx. MSS. Wolvercote, H. Bos. Osney.
26 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

6. Thame, Nr. Waterstock, A. Fr. Ch. Ch. and Merton Meadows,
Ba. MSS.

7. Thames. Shiplake, F. A. Lees.

Berks. §.Hinksey, Bos. Radley.

Berks, Bucks, Northants rare, Gloster, Warwick, error.

Much commoner near Oxford than palustre.

Nasturtium palustre, DC. Yellow Cress.

N. terrestre, Sm. Top. Bot. 44. Syme, BE. B. i. 180.127. Nym. 36.

Native. Paludal. Banks of ditches, wet places. A. June-October.

First record, Sib. 1794, Sisymbrium terrestre, Curt.

3. Swere. Banbury side of mill dam, Gull. Canal side, Banbury,
E. Walford. Pond, Broughton Park, A. Fr. Abundant round
Clattercut reservoir.

4. Ray. Cross road betn, Middleton Stoney and Bicester, A. Fr.
Bicester, Bos. Otmoor, Bx. in Walk. !

5. Isis. Near the Diamond House, Sib. Nr. Medley Lock. Bu. in
Walk. Port Meadow! H. E. Garnsey. Osney, Goring, Maple
Durham.

6. Thame. Muddy Brook, Thame, A. Fr. Merton Meadow, Walk.

Berks. Radley, Pangbourne, Wallingford.

The much smaller flowers and short turgid pod readily distinguish it

from the preceding plant.

CARDAMINE. L.

Cc. pratensis, L. Cuckoo Flower. Lady’s Smock.

Top. Bot. 39. Syme, E. B.i. 150. 109. Baxt. 141. Nym. 36.

Native. Pratal. Meadows. Common. P. April-June.

First record, Sibth. 1749. Unlocalised. Generally distributed. Abun-
dant in Thames Meadows.

With double flowers near Banbury, Aplin. Weston, Holliday, and
Handborough.

Berks. Nr. Sunningwell, H. Bos.

In wet meadows it rarely ripens fruit being propagated by the leaflets.

It occurred with fruit on Shotover, also a form having narrow petals
widely separated. A form with large overlapping petals was found at
Heyford. ;

Var. dentata, Schultz.

4. Ray. Weston peat pits.

Cc. hirsuta, L. Hairy Bitter Cress.

Top. Bot. 39. Syme, E. B. i. 160. 110. Nym. 37.

Native. Ditch banks, walls, sandy ground, A. March—August.

First record, Blackstone, 1746. By rills in Wychwood Forest common.
This probably included C. sylvatica.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 27

1. Stour. Tadmarton Camp.

2. Ouse. Mixbury.

3. Swere. Williamscott, Gull. Nr. Grimsbury (possibly Northamp-
tonshire), Bees. Milton, A. Fr. Broughton, Somerton.

4. Ray. Elsfield, Summertown, H. Bos. Lower Heyford.

5. Isis. Wychwood, Blackstone. Charlbury, Stonesfield, Woodstock,
Shipton nr. Wychwood, Handborough abundant both by railway
and on walls in village.

6. Thame. Iffley. Headington quarry, a weed, Br. Sandford.

7. Thames. Whitchurch, Newb.

Berks. Marcham, 8. Hinksey.

This plant has a great liking for railway ballast; the stamens vary from
4 to 6 in number.

C. sylvatica, Link.

Top. Bot. 40. Syme, E. B. i. 161. 112. Nym. 37. C. flexuosa, With.

Native. Damp shady places, brook-sides, etc. A. March-August.

First record, Dillenius, about 1730, under the Botanic Garden wall.

1. Stour. Tadmarton heath! Bees,

2. Ouse. Hethe.

3. Swere. Bulls’ pond, Drayton, H. H. Walford.

4. Ray. Noke, Bot. Gard., Dili. Fine specimens near Rousham and
Upper Heyford. Headington Wick, very fine.

5. Isis. Wychwood.

6. Thame. Dorchester.

Berks. Sonning, railway cutting, F. Tufnait.

Bucks, Northants, Gloster, Warwick.
The plants at Rousham, growing on mud dredged from the river, were
very luxuriant, somewhat resembling C. amara, but the petals were not
, Spreading as in that species.

.

Cc. amara, LD. Bitter Cress.

Syme, E. B. i. 158. 108. Top. Bot. 39. Nym. 37.

Native. Paludal. River and canal banks. Local. P. March-June.

First record, Sib. 1794.

3. Swere. Grimsbury Mill meadow, Cherwell side, South of Banbury,
Bees. Cherwell, Little Bourton, Aplin. Somerton, petals tinged
with purple.

4, Ray. Gosford bridge, Sid. Oxford canal, in meadow at S.W. of
Kirtlington parish, Mr. Wilson Saunder’s list /, Near Summertown,
near Islip, near Thrupp, H. Bos.! The Parks. H. EB. Garnsey!
1885. Betn. St. Clement’s and Marston, Banks of the Cherwell,
Mr. T. Weaver in Walk. Everywhere on the Cherwell, 2. Fox.
Abundant by the canal side from Kirtlington to Upper Heyford.
28 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

5. Isis. Canal side betn. Oxford and Wolvercote, Rev. Dr. Whately,
Archbishop of Dublin, in Walk. Towing-path side betn. High
bridge and Heyfield’s hut, Br. in Walk.

6. Thame. Near Iffley, Dr. Goodenough, Bishop of Carlisle. Sandford.

7. Thames. Thames bank, 8 miles from Reading, Sid.

Berks. Petty’s Wood, Pangbourne, Burfield meadows, F. Tufnail:
Blewbury, Newb. Iffley meadows.

Between Upper and Lower Heyford, growing with C. amara and U.

pratensis this year occurred a hybrid, Cardamine amara pratensis.

The foliage was identical with amara, the flowers darker in colour than
pratensis, having more of a purplish tint, but slightly smaller than amara °
the anthers were violet as in amara, but the style was nearer that of
pratensis. There appears to be no reference to this hybrid in the Euro-
pean Floras.

C’. amara has occasionally the outer side of petals tinged with pink.

? C. impatiens, L.

Syme, E. B. i. 161.112. Nym. 37. Phyt. v. 154.

Native (?). Ambiguity. Old walls, etc., rare; ? if ever found in a wild
state.

3. Swere. Old wall at Broughton, H. R. B. never confirmed.

4. Ray. A weed in Botanic Garden, Bx. MSS. 1813-1831.

Gloster west, Warwick.

[Dentaria bulbifera, D. Coral wort.
Occurs in dry chalk woods about Loudwater, Bucks; it may yet be
found in similar situations in the Oxford Chilterns.]

* Hesperis, matronalis, L. Dame's Violet.

Comp. Cyb. 485. Syme, E. B. i. 150. 103. Nym. 39. Baxt. 425.

Casual. Waste places. Scarcely naturalized. May-July.

First record, Gulliver about 1820.

2. Ouse. Fringford, Mr. Roundell Palmer.

3. Swere. Nr. Adderbury, Gull. Very large in a cornfield near
Souldern, Rev. EF. Fox.

4. Ray. Island in the Cherwell, Hb. Brit. Mus. W. T. Dyer.
Oddington.

5. Thame. Plentiful in woods about the cottages, Nuneham, Mr. W.
Morris, in Bu. Pl.

ALLIARIA. Sep.

A. officinalis, And. Hedge Garlic, Jack by the Hedge.
Sisymbrium Allidria, Scop. Syme, E. B.i. 146.100. Top. Bot. 47.
Nym. 40.

Native. Septal. Hedges, road sides, common. B. April-June.
First record, Sibth. 1794, Erysimum Alliaria, L.
Generally distributed.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 29

ERYSINIUM. L.

E. cheiranthoides, L. Treacle Mustard, Worm seed Mustard.

Top. Bot. 47. Syme, E. B. i. 149. 102. Nym. 42. Baxt. 62.

Colonist. Moist places, cornfields. A. June-Sept.

First record, Sibth. 1794.

3. Swere. [Near King Sutton, N’tonshire, Gull.] Near Banbury,
A. Fr, 1866.

4. Ray. Oddington, 1 plant, Rev. Moyle Rogers, Marston Lane.

5. Isis. Osier holt, near Godstow, South Leigh. In a field adjoining
Tar Wood, Sid. Godstow Nunnery, Bz. Binsey Lane, H. Bos.
Wolvercote.

6. Thame. The Long Meadows, Iffley, H. Bos. 1861-1867; do. 1880,
HT. Garnsey. Thame, Br. Hb. Ch. Ch. Meadows; abundant about
Dorchester, Drayton.

7. Thames. Common cornfield weed. Eye and Dunsden, A. Fr.
Maple Durham, A. Fr. By Caversham Bridge, Phyt. n. ». ii. 338.

Berks. This groweth about one mile from Reading. Hows. Phytol.
1650. Bagley! Sonning, F. Tufnail. Pangbourne, Newb.

* E. orientale, Br. Conringia orientalis, And.

Syme, E. B. i. 148. 103. Cyb. Comp. 484. Nym. 42.

Casual. Waste ground. Rare. July-Aug. A.

3. Swere. Near Banbury Mill, near Grimsbury Wharf, A. Fr.
5. Isis. Near Osney Lock, on waste ground, 1885.

SISYMBRIUM. L.
S. Sophia, D. Fltxweed.

Syme, E. B. i. 144. 98. Top. Bot. 46; extinct (?). Nym. 43.

Native. Viatical. Rubbish, way sides. Very rare. A.

First record, Sidth. 1794. Unlocalised.

3. Swere. Banbury Churchyard, Gull. North Newington, A. Bees.
Not in either place now, Bees. Meadows nr. Wharf, J. Fr Nr.
Grimsbury, A. Pr. 1869. A casual. Meadow, 8S. Neithrop, F. Fr.

4. Ray. Norham Gardens 1870, H. E. Garnsey. Wall at Islip, 1858,
near the Crescent, by the Cherwell, H. Bos. Waste ground near
the Parks, #. Fox. Extinct.

5. Isis. Eynsham, 7. Westcombe.

6. Thame. Thame, 1843, W. Bx.

Berks. Botley, Dyer. Frilford, 1884. Northants, not uncommon,
Gloster, Warwick.

Morison believed this and similar weeds arose spontaneously—without
seeds—see his Preludia.
30 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Sisymbrium thalianum, Gay.

Arabis Thaliana, L. Top. Bot. 40. Syme, E. B.i.163.115. Nym. 45.
Native. Rupestral and agrestal. Sandy fields and walls. Local. A.
April-May.

First record, Morison, 1680.

1. Stour. Tadmarton heath.

4, Ray. In agrtis circa Oxoniam, Morison, ii. 235, 1680. Stow Wood,
Sib.!| Upper Heyford, Rev. EH. Fox. In abundance in a field to
the N.E. of Elsfield, 1830. Noke, Wood Eaton.

5. Isis. Brassica spuria caule magis foliosa hirsutior. On walls about
Oxford, Blackstone, p. 8. South Leigh, Sid. Stonesfield, Binsey.

6. Thame. Iffley, Sib./ Thame, A. Fr. Wheatley, G. Haseley.

7. Thames. Caversham, Newd. Checkendon, Nuffield, 696 feet.

Berks. 8S. Hinksey, Twyford.

* S$. Irio, L. London Rocket.

Cyb. Br. i. 151. Oxford. Nym. 43. Syme, E. B.i. 145.98. Bx. 146.
from an Oxford plant. Comp. Cyb. ‘It did grow about Oxford 20 years
ago, if not now.’

Denizen. Viatical. Rare. A. June.

First record, note in Dill. Ray, probably Dr. Lightfoot, circa 1760.

4, Ray. Under Merton Wall, near Physic Garden, as above; do. Sib.,
Rose Lane, Sid.; do. Bax. 1811 in Walk.; do. in Purton, naturalized
near the Danby gate of the Physic Garden, 1835, Bx. Br. Pl. See
also for note on its occurrence after rubbish had been burnt, to
prepare ground for the Salicetum. Newly made ground near
Botanic Garden. Hb. Br. Mus. Col. W. T. Dyer. See report of
Bot. Ex. Club, 1867. Oxford by the Cherwell. Self sown in Bot.
Gard. Journ. Bot. ix. W.T. Dyer. Cherwell bank, H. Bos. Church
Lane, on rubbish heap.

S. officinale, Scop. Common Hedge Mustard.

Top. Bot. 45. Syme, E. B. i. 143. 96. Nym. 44.

Native. Viatical and agrestal. Road sides, waste places. P. May-

August.
First record, Sidth.1794. Erysimum officinale, L. Common throughout

the county.
BRASSICA. L.

B. Rapa, L. Wild Turnip.

Var. rapifera, K. Syme, E. B. i. 140. 90. Nym. 46.

Colonist. Agrestal. Borders of fields and waste places. April—Sept.
First record, Sibth. 1794. No locality. ‘Radice caulescente orbiculari

depressa, carnosa.’
3. Swere. Railside, Adderbury, 4. Fr. Drayton, R. Fr.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 31

4. Ray. Riverside, Lower Heyford, Tackley, etc.

5. Isis. Handborough, Charlbury, Osney, etc.

6. Thame. Hb. Bx. Thame, Cowley fields, Iffley, Dorchester.
7. Thames. Goring, Binfield, Whitchurch, etc.

Berks. Kennington.

B. Bapa, L.

Var. sylvestris. Syme, i. 134.89. Navew.

Native. River sides. Locally common. June-August.

Frequent by the Thames from Sandford to Henley. See Journ. Bot.
vii. viii. ix.

Ouse banks near Mixbury. Cherwell, near Heyford. Isis, near
Wolvercote.

I suspect this to be the Brassica Napus, radice caulescente fusiform,
Sp. Pl. of Sibth. p. 204. Cornfields and ditch banks.

B. campestris, L. Summer Rape, Colza.

Syme, E. B. i. 133. 88. Var. oleifera, D C.

Alien. Sides of fields, waste places. Aor B. May-July.

8. Swere. Betn. Cropredy and Morlington, Dr. Goodenough in Sim.
Fl. Br. Milton, A. Fr.

4. Ray. Marston, H. Bos.

5. Isis. Wolvercote, Osney.

6. Thame. Shotover.

* B. Butabaga, DC. Swede Turnip.

R. campestris, var. Napo Brassica, D C.

Casual. Occurs as a waif from cultivation in various places. It is not
permanent.

First record, the Author, 1879.

Kirtlington, Tackley, Shotover, Dorchester, Goring, Stonesfield.

Hardly distinct from foregoing.

SINAPIS. L.
S. nigra, L. Black Mustard.
Brassica nigra, K. Top. Bot. 49. Syme, E. B. i. 126.85. Nym. 47.

Baxt. 336.
Native. Viatical. Waysides and fields. Local. A. May-—Sept.
First record, Sidth. 1794. Cornfields. No locality.
3. Swere. Near Cropredy.
4. Ray. Studley, towards Summertown, H. E. Garnsey.
5. Isis. Port Meadow, near Duke’s Lock.
6. Thame. Near Thame, Menmarsh Farm, A. Fr. Thame, Bz.
Iffey, H. Bos. Cowley Marsh, Bx. MSS.

Berks. Cotham, Iffley, Sandford Lasher.
32 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Sinapis arvensis, L. Charlock, Garlic.

Brassica Sinapis, V. Top. Bot. 48. Syme, E. B. i. 124. 83. Nym. 47.

Native. Agrestal. Very common in cornfields from the north, southwards
to Mongewell, when Sinapis alba takes its place as a cornfield weed, on
the Chalk. A. May-Sept.

First record, Sibth. 1794.

S. alba, L. White Mustard, Charlock.

Brassica alba, Bois. Top. Bot. 48. Syme, E. B. i. 125.84. Nym. 47.

Colonist. Agrestal. Cultivated fields. Locally common. A. May-
August.

First record, Sibth. 1794. Cornfields. No locality.

1. Stour. Stourwell, 7. Bees.

. Ray. Kirtlington, EZ. Fox.

. Isis. Near Chadlington.

. Thame. Cowley fields, Thame, Bx. MSS.

. Thames, Abundant throughout the Chalk district, taking the place
and name of Charlock, the Sinapis arvensis of northern and central
Oxfordshire.

Berks. Equally common on the Chalk in this county.

NO oe

DIPLOTAXZIS. DC.
[D. tenuifolia, DC.

Berks. On the walls of Reading Abbey and Windsor Castle ; Northants
(Northampton Castle now demolished), Gloster ; Warwick.]

D. muralis. DC. Wall Rocket.
Brassica muralis, Bois. Syme, E. B.i. 140. 94. Nym. 49.
Denizen. Viatical. Glareal. Waste ground, Railway cuttings. A. or
B. July—Sept.
First record, Baxter, circa 1840.
8. Swere. Little Bourton and Cropredy, A. Fr. Somerton, Mathews.
4, Ray. Heyford Upper and Lower, by canal side and on railway
banks, Rep. of Rec. Club, 1883.
5. Isis. Port Meadow, I’. Bennett. Osney, Oxford, Hb. Ba. Old
walls, Oxford, Hb. Lawson, 1869.
6. Thame. Dorchester, £. Fox. Littlemore, railside.
7. Thames. Goring, /. A. Lees. Chinnor, North Stoke.
Var. Babingtonti, Syme. Waste ground near Gt. Western Railway
Station, Oxford. Sometimes recorded as D. tenuifolia. Under Railway
bridge, North Stoke.

Berks. Radley, F. Bennett. Tilehurst to Sonning, on Railway, F.
Tufnail. Moulsford ; Bucks ; Northants ; Gloster ; Warwick.

** Lunaria biennis, Mch. Honesty. Nym. 50. Casual, Plantation
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 33

Tadmarton Heath, escaped from adjacent garden, A. Fr. Garden escape
at Little Bourton, J. French, with distinctly opposite leaves.

COCHLEARIA. L.

Cc. Armoracia, L. Horseradish.
Armoracia rusticana, Bab. Syme, E. B. i. 183. 129. Comp. Cyb. 481-
Nym. 51.

Alien. Banks of rivers, etc. P. June-Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794. C. armoracia, Sp. Pl. go4.

3. Swere. Cherwell side towards King’s Sutton, Bees. Second March
nr. Banbury, R. French. Mill Meadow, Banbury, A. Fr.

4. Ray. Bicester, Kirtlington.

5. Isis. Side of Canal nr. High Bridge, Sib. Near Bablock Hithe.

6. Thame. Banks of river nr. Iffley, $ib./. Nr. Thame, escape, A. Fr.
Long Meadow Common, Br. MSS.

Berks. Between Iffley and Sandford.

It does not appear to ripen its fruit, although well established by the

river side.
EROPHILA. DC.

E. vulgaris, DC. Whitlow Grass.
Draba verna, L. Top. Bot. 38. Syme, E. B. i. 189. 134, fig. 1. Bx. 38.
Nym. 54.

Native. Glareal, rupestral. Walls, dry banks, and cornfields. Common.
A. And generally distributed, Feb—May.

First record, Sib. 1794.

Var. E. brachycarpa, Jord, E. precox, DC.

Top. Bot. 38. Syme, E. B.i. 2. 190.134. Nym. 54.

Native. Gilareal, rupestral. Walls and stony gound. Local. A.
March, April.

4. Ray. Water Eaton, Noke.

5. Isis. Stonesfield, Woodstock, Charlbury, Ramsden.

6. Thame. Headington, Dyer. Iffley, Wheatley. See Rep. of

R. C. 1880.

Very variable, a form with the short silicula of brachycarpa, but so
round as to have almost a circular section, occurred on Sparsey bridge,
Water Eaton; this would be called by some Botanists EZ. inflata, Hook, to
which it forms a passage; it is probably identical with the Warwickshire
so called inflata. One or two of the Jordanian forms have also been
noticed. On Iffey walls, with typical verna and brachycarpa, occurred a
form with long nearly linear pods and diffuse habit, the petals small,
narrow, and distant.

Berks. (Brachycarpa.) Bucks, Northants, Warwick.

D
34 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

** Draba muralis, L.

Syme, E. B. i. 191. 135. Casual. A weed in the Bot. Gard. Baxt.
1831.

* Alyssum calycinum, L.

Cyb. Br. i. 135. Syme, E. B. i. 196. 139. Nym. 57.

Colonist. Cornfields. Local andrare. A. June-August.

‘First record, 7. Beesley, 1863.

1. Stour. Turnip field, Stourwell, 1863, 7. Bees.

3. Swere. A solitary plant among clover, Constitution Hill, 1864,

do. foot road to South Newington.

5. Isis. Stonesfield, F. T. Richards, 1884.

7. Thames. Between Nuffield and Mongewell, 1881.

* Camelina sativa, Cr. Gold of pleasure.

Baxt. 447. Comp. Cyb. 481. Syme, E. B. i. 198. 141. Nym. 58.

Alien. Cornfields. Very rare, sporadic. July.

First record, R. Walker, 1832. Spec. in Hb. Lawson.

3. Swere. Foot road to Hanwell, A. Fr. Crouch Hill, R. French.

Broughton Mill, T. Bees.

4, Ray. Third field past Joe Pullin’s Tree, Headington Hill, R. Walker.

6. Thame. Second field past Warneford Asylum, H. Bos. Phyt.

nN. 8. 4. IOI.

7. Thames. A mile from Reading, How's Phytologia, 1650.

It is probably C. fetida, Fries.

Berks. Shooter’s Hill, Pangbourne, F. Tufnail. Wokingham.

[Vella annua, Z. Neithrop not uncommon. Gulliver's list. There is
probably some mistake with regard to this plant. I have never met with
it, Beesley. Some error of name is to be suspected, Mr. Newbould says
the specimen in Sloane herb is Reseda lutea, Comp. Cyb. 482. In a copy
of Gulliver’s list given by him to Mr. Britten, the plant is enclosed in
brackets as if there were some error. ]

IBERIS. L.

** JT. umbellata, L. Candy tuft.

Casual. Nyman 60. Bicester Cemetery, A. ’r. (I.amara). Railway
bank, Kirtlington. Waste ground, Headington.
I, amara, L. Candy tuft.

Top. Bot. 32. Godley. Syme, E.B.vol.i.149. Baxt. 351. Nym. 61.

Colonist. Agrestal. Chalky fields. Locally common. A. May—August.

North limit in Oxon., Beds., and Norfolk, well established in Oxon. Cyb.
Br. i. 123.

First record, Rev. — Williams, 1765. And first in Britain.

3. Swere. As an escape by railways, T. Bees. Near Banbury.

6. Thame. Betn. Asylum and Bullingdon Green, Bx. MSS. 1823, do.

in Walk, do. H. Bos. 1864.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 35

7. Thames. It has been lately found growing wild in the greatest
plenty in many of the barren cornfields near Sir Thos. Stapleton’s
house in the parish of Grays, about 3 miles from Henley, and
between Nettlebed and Minny Grove, adjoining to Home Wood in
the parish of Peppard, and that neighbourhood where I was first
shown it by the Rev. — Williams of Peppard, MSS. note by Dr.
Ivghtfoot, in Dill. Ray. in Hort. Ox. and in Huds. Fl. Ang. in
Hort. Ox. Henley, Nettlebed, Mongewell, Sib. Lewknor, Green-
field, Gough's Camden. Betn. Ibstone and Penley Hangings, Br.
MSS. 1824. Goring, Mr. Darwall, in Walk. Lewknor and
Stokenchurch, G. Coles, Esq. in Bz. Maple Durham and Whit-
ehurch, Hd. Br. Mus. Trimen. Stokenchurch, Hd. Br. Chalk-pit
nr. Flowing Spring, A. Fr. Caversham, Whitchurch, Newb. Maple
Durham., etc., Pamplin MSS. Watlington, Nettlebed, Swincombe,
Sherburn, H. Bos. Dunsden, F. Arnold Lees, Henley, Hogg, and
Johnson. Chinnor, Cane End, near Woodcote, with purplish flowers,
Ipsden, Crowell Hill.

Berks. Streatley, Compton Downs, Hurley, Pangbourne, Didcot,
Basildon, Unwell Downs, Lowbury. Bucks, nr. Bledlow. Alien
in Gloster, Northants, and Warwick.

The flowers are occasionally purplish blue.

THLASPI. L.

T. arvense, L. Penny Cress. Mithridate Mustard.

Top. Bot. 30. Syme, E. B. i. 202.144. Nym. 62.
Colonist. Agrestal. Cultivated and waste ground. Local. A. May-July.
First record, Blackstone; Thlaspi Dioscoridis, Raii, 1746.
. Stour. Near the Stourwell.
Ouse. Mixbury.
. Swere. Adderbury, Milton, A. Fx. N. Newington, 7. Bees.
Ray. Nr. Stow Wood, Sib. Islip, H. E. Garnsey. Headington
Wick, Blackthorn, Wood Eaton, Middleton Stoney, and Weston
abundant.
5. Isis. About Charlbury and Chipping Norton, frequent, Blackstone.
Broughton Poggs, Dr. Goodenough, Bishop of Carlisle, in Curtis’
Fl. Lond., and in Sm. Fl. Brit. Stanton Harcourt, South Leigh,
Sibth. Church Handborough, Woodstock, Witney, Chadlington.

6. Thame. Shotover, Dorchester.

7. Thames. Caversham, a few plants in a turnip field, Phyt. n. s. ii.
340. Goring, F. A. Lees. Whitchurch, Cane End, Mongewell.
Very abundant about Crowsley Farm, Whitchurch.

Berks. Foxcombe Hill, Cumnor, Dean Court, H. Bos. Frilford, Twy-
ford.

ewe

D2
36 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

T. perfoliatum, L. Perfoliate Shepherd’s Purse.

Top. Bot. 31. extinct. E. B. 2354, from an Oxon sp. Baxt. 240. Nym. 62.

Native. Glareal, rupestral. Dry stony pastures. Very local. A. March,
April.

First record, T. arvense perfoliat. minus C. B., and first as British,
J. Bobart, in Ray’s Stirp. 1688.

5. Isis. Among the stone pits between Witney and Burford, J. Bobart,
Ray’s Stirp. 1690; Ray’s Syn., Ed. i. ii. and iii.; Huds. Fl. Ang. ;
and on Burford Downs, Sibth., do. Sm. Eng. Fl. I believe it has
not been found in any other part of Britain, do. in Sm. Fl. Br., Bot.
Guide, Hooker 1818, New Bot. Guide, Baxt. Br. Pl., Walker, Purton,
ete. It grows a little beyond the fourth milestone on the right
hand from Witney to Burford with the green winged Bee orchis. The
end of April and beginning of May, note in Dill. Ray. in Bib. Hort.
Ox. about 1760, Dr. Lightfoot, a spec. from this locality in Hd. Br.
Mus. Col. T. Bicheno. Iam given to understand that the rapacity
of unprincipled collectors has nearly or quite destroyed it in its old
habitat on Burford Downs, Phyt., vol. i., p. 129, 1842. Wat. Top.
Bot. 23, extinct (?) Woodstock, in a cornfield on left hand side of
road to Sturdy’s Castle, 1859, Hb. Ph. Soc., T. Thurland. Betn.
Woodstock and Kirtlington, 1859, H. Bos. in Journ. Bot., p. 17,
1871. These records refer to the same locality, see paper in Linn.
Journ., vol. xvi., p. 183, G. S. Boulger. Stonesfield and Fawler in
great abundance, 1882, 1883, and 1884, see papers of Record Club
for 1884. In Syme’s E. B. it is stated to occur on Burford Downs;
but this locality is now enclosed, and I have failed to find it near
Witney or Woodstock. Sheep and slugs are very fond of it; they
do not appear to touch Hrophila verna, with which it grows. Near
Lyneham barrow and Sarsden quarries very fine spec. 1885. A few
plants from time to time have been found on Cumnor Hill, Berks :
these owe their origin to a quantity of seed scattered there by
Messrs. Boswell and Holliday about 1860.

This plant only occurs in Britain in the counties of Oxford and

Gloucester.

[T. alpestre, Z. Oxon. Top. Bot. 23, bracketed. Cyb. Br. i. 119. 7. per-
Jfoliatum, L. has sometimes been called alpinum. There is not the
slightest probability that T. alpestre has ever been found in Oxfordshire.
The confusion in the Dillenian Ray caused by referring to perfoliatum
forms of alpestre, Nicolson and Merrett, probably led to our Oxford plant
being sometimes mislabelled—as in Hb. Br. Mus.—alpestre.]

TEESDALIA, Br.
T. Iberis, DC. Shepherd’s Cress.

T. nudicaulis, Br. Top. Bot. 31. Syme, E. B. i, 209. 150. Nym. 63.
Native. Glareal. Heaths. Veryrare. A. May, June.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 37

First record, T. Beesley, about 1875.

1. Stour. Tadmarton, T. Beesley.

Berks. Chorley Hurst, Rev. A. Robertson, 1884. Near Gt. Oakley,
F. Walker, Esq. Coleman’s Moor, Phyt. iv. 745. 0.5.

Bucks; Northants, extinct; Warwick.

LEPIDIUM. L.
[L. Draba, ZL. Syme, E. B. i. 158. 218. Nym. 64.
Alien. Waste ground. Rare. P. May—July.
Berks, Maidenhead. Northants, Warwick.]
*L. sativum, LD. Garden Cress.
Comp. Cyb. 481. Syme, E. B. i. 215. 155. Nym. 65.
Casual. Waste ground. A. May-July.
Hanwell, 1864, 4. Fr. Brookside Thame, A. Fr. Port Meadow, Iffley.

L. campestre, Br. Mithridate Pepperwort.

Top. Bot. 33. Syme, E. B. i. 216. 156. Nym. 95.

Native. Agrestal. Cornfields. Local. B. June-September.

First record, Thlaspi campestre, Sib. 1794.

1. Stour. Fields about Tadmarton Heath, 0.V. Aplin.

3. Swere. Near Shutford, very rare, Bees.

4. Ray. Headington Wick, Elsfield, H. Bos. Noke, Islip, Blackthorn.

5. Islip. South Leigh, Stanton Harcourt, Sib. Woodstock, A. Fr.
Witney, H. Bos. Wychwood, Hb. Linton. Mill Wood! Plentiful
in cornfields betn. Spilsbury and Wychwood, T. Bees. Charlbury,
Finstock.

6. Thame. Betn. Bullingdon Green and Shotover, Bz. in Walk.
Cowley, H. EB. Garnsey.

7. Thames. Caversham, Newb.

Berks. Didcot, F. Bennett. Sonning cutting, F. Tufnaid.

L. heterophyllum, Benth.

L. Smithii, Hook. Syme, E. B. i. 217.157. Nym. 65.

Native. Dry banks. Veryrare. P. July.

First record, Mr. Bolton King and Rev. A. Robertson, 1881.

6. Thame. Bullingdon Green, 1881, King and Robertson.

The Rev. E. Fox believes he has seen this about Stow Wood.

Berks. Sonning cutting, Burfield meadows, F. Tufnail. Northants

rare, Gloster, Warwick rare.

** L, ruderale, L. Syme, E. B. i. 214.154. Nym. 64.

Casual. Railway side, Port Meadow! Rev. F. Bennett, Rep. of Ree.
Club. 1881. :

Warwick casual, Gloster W.

-** TL, Iberis, DL.

Alien. Phyt. ns. ii. 113, Max. T. Masters.
38 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

CORONOPUS. all.

C. procumbens, il. Swine’s Cress, Swine’s Scurvy Grass.
C. Ruellii, All. Senebiera Coronopus, Poir. Top. Bot. 29. Syme, E. B.
i. 221.159. Nym. 65. Baxt. 320.
Native. Glareal and viatical, Waysides, muddy places. A. or B.
June-September.
First record, Sib. 1794, Cochlearia Coronopus.
8. Swere. Banbury, 4. lr. Beesley list, on roadsides and walls.
4, Ray. Marston, etc., R. Linton. Deddington, H. Bos. Blackthorn,
Oddington, Horton, Noke.
5. Isis. Binsey, South Leigh, Sib. Eynsham, Blenheim, H. Bos.
Foxcott, Wolvercote abundant, Port Meadow.
6. Thame. Cowley, Sib. Thame, Hd. Br. Headington, betn. St.
Clement’s and Cowley, Br. MSS. Shotover, Dorchester, Bullingdon.
7. Thames. Caversham, F. Tufnail. Chamber’s Green.
Particularly fond of the muddy margins of ponds, or on ground from
which the turf has been removed by cattle traffic.

CAPSELLA. Mch.

Cc. Bursa pastoris, L. Shepherd’s Purse.

Top. Bot. 31. Syme, E. B.i. 211.152. Baxt. 19. Nym. 66.

Native. Agrestal, pascual. Waysides, etc. Everywhere common. (Often
about Oxford with Uredo Thlaspi and Botrytis parasitica. The latter is
parasitic on the Uredo, Bx.) Very variable. A. March-November.

First record, Sibth. 1794, Thlaspi Bursa Pastoris. Unlocalised.

The entire leaved form integrifolia is also frequent.

ISATIS. L.
* I. tinctoria, D. Dyer’s Weed. Woad.
Casual. ‘Very rare. Syme, E. B. i. 222.161. Nym. 67.
8. Swere. Fields between Broughton and North Newington. It is or
was cultivated at the latter place, Gulliver.

7. Thames. Cornfields near the Ferry about two miles below Goring,
Hb. Lawson, 1871. ‘

Berks. Wantage, H. Trimen, 1866.

Orv. VII. RESEDACEA®, DC.

RESEDA. L.

Reseda lutea, L. Base Rocket. Wild Mignonette.

Top. Bot. 52, Syme, E. B. ii, 2.162, Baxt.15. Nym. 69.

Native. Viatical. Waysides and fields on a chalky or calcareous
soil. Local. P. July—Sept.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 39

First record, Sir Joseph Banks, 1760.

2. Ouse. Fringford, very scarce, Dr. Woodward in Br. Mixbary.

3. Swere. Hanwell, R. French.

4. Ray. Near Oxford, Herd. Br. Mus., Joseph Banks. Bayswater, H.
Bos. Between Steeple Aston and Rousham, Bz. Kirtlington,
Headington Wick.

5. Isis. Charlbury, R. Linton. Stonesfield, Minster Lovell, Brize
Norton.

6. Thame. Wheatley, Mr. J. Lovegrove in Walk., 1828. Thame, Hb.
Bz. Bensington, Sib. Dorchester, Bennett.

7. Thames. Henley, Sib. Caversham, J. Carroll, Hb. Br. Mus.
Goring, Watlington, Ewelme, H. Bos. Beacon Hill, Henley Park
Hill, Ipsden, Whitchurch.

Berks. Frilford, Unwell Wood, Moulsford, and in Gloucester, Bucks,
and Northants, but only as a casual in Warwick.

R. Luteola, L. Dyer’s Rocket. Weld.

Top. Bot. 51. Syme, E. B. ii. 4.164. Nym. 69.

Native. Viatieal, Dry banks, walls, common. B. June-Sept.

First record, ‘ with striped leaves,’ Plot, 1677.

2. Ouse. Mixbury.

3. Swere. Bretch, F. French. Broughton, Swalecliff, A. Fr. Bodi-
cote Road, Gulliver. Somerton, Tadmarton.

4. Ray. Between Middleton Park and Fritwell, A. Fr. Headington
Wick, Elsfield, Stanton St. John, H. Bos. New College Lane,
Stow Wood, Gibraltar Rock.

5. Isis. Wychwood, Hb. Lawson. Woodstock, Witney, H. Bos.
Near Oxford, Hb. Banks. Stonesfield, Minster Lovell, Wall in Geo.
St. Mews.

6. Thame. Clifton Hampden, Bennett. Shotover, Wheatley, Gt.
Haseley.

7. Thames. Chalk pit near Flowing Spring, A. Fr, Caversham,
Newb. Goring, Mongewell, Cane End, Whitchurch.

Berks. Tubney, Wytham, Cumnor.

** R. odorata, L. Sweet Mignonette.
Casual. Manure heap near Bodicote by the canal side, A. Fr. Waste
ground near Gt. Western Railway Station, Oxford, Osney.

Orv. VIII. CISTINE, DC.

HELIANTHEMUM, G.
H. Chamecistus, Miller. Rock Rose.
H. vulgare, G. Top. Bot. 52. Syme, E. B. ii. 10. 158. Nym. 74. Bx.

3935°-
40 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Native. Pascual. Dry hilly pastures and roadsides on chalky or

calcareous soil. P. June-Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794. Cistus Helianthemum, L.

1. Stour. Sibford Heath.

2. Ouse. Mixbury, R. Pryor. Hardwick, Ardley.

8. Swere. Bretch, Hook Norton, Gull. Tadmarton, Aplin. Towards
Shutford, T. Bees.

4. Ray. Between Middleton Stoney and Somerton, A. Fr. Head-
ington Wick, H. Bos. Beckley, Stow Wood, Stanton St. John
quarries, Ardley.

5. Isis. Woodstock Park and Stonesfield, Bx. MSS.1831. Charlbury,
Stonesfield, Finstock, Wychwood, Ditchley, Minster Lovell, Bur-
ford, near Ashford Mill, Lyneham Camp, Knoll Bury Camp, Tain-
ton quarry.

6. Thame. Near Woodperry, A. Fr. Headington, in great plenty, Bx.
MSS. Shotover Hill, Bullingdon Green, Sib. Holton quarries.

7. Thames. Stokenchurch, Sib. Caversham, Hb. Br. Mus. Trimen.
Between Shiplake and Henley, A. Fr. Henley, H. Bos. Maple
Durham, Whitchurch, Goring, most abundant near Chinnor, Cane
End, Withy Coppice, Penley Wood, Ibstone, Lewknor, Beacon Hill,
Ewelme Downs.

Orv. 1X. VIOLARI#, DC.
VIOLA. L.
V. sylvatica, Fr. Dog Violet.
Native. Septal, ericetal. Woods and heaths ; common and generally
distributed. P. Apr.—June.
Var. Reichenbachiana, Jord. Top. Bot. 56 Druce, Rec. Syme, E. B. ii.
20. 174.
Thickets, hedgebanks, on calcareous soil. P. April-May.
2. Ouse. Ardley, Rec. Club Rep. 1880.
4, Ray. Near Tackley.
5. Isis. Near Ashford Mills, Wilcote, Wychwood, Fawler, Stones-
field.
Var. Riviniana, Rehb. Syme, E. B. ii. 19,173. Dog Violet.
Native. Woods, thickets, hedgebanks, etc. Common and generally
distributed. P. April, May.
Very large flowered form near Lyneham Camp.
Var. flavicornis. Forst. non. Sm. E, B. Sup. 2736.
5. Isis. Dry heaths, North Leigh.

V. canina, (L.) Echb. Dog Violet.

Syme, E. B. ii. 21.175. Nym, 77.
Native. Ericetal, pascual, Sandy heathy ground. Rare. P. May-
June.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 41

First record, H. Boswell, about 1862.

1. Stour. Tadmarton Heath, 7. Bees.

8. Swere. Bloxham Road, Adderbury, and Milton, 4. fy. Crouch
Lane, R. French. Hanwell Heath, T. Bees.

4. Ray. Near Upper Heyford on sandy peaty ground.

5. Isis. Coombe Wood, H. Bos. Wychwood.

6. Thame. Near Shotover and Wheatley, H. Bos. Phyt. 5. 154, 1.8. p.

100.
7. Thames. Goring Heath, Binfield, Ibstone Common, Crowell Hill,
Nettlebed.

Berks. Pusey, Buckland, H. Bos. 1858. Wootton, Bagley Wood,
Bucks, Gloucester, Warwick.

V. lactea, Sm. Dog Violet.

Syme, E. B. ii. 22.176. Nym. 77.

Native. Ericetal. Heaths. Very Rare. P. April, May.

First certain record, the Author, 1884.

4. Ray. Otmoor, 1820. One specimen, in canina sheet in Herb.
Sherard, of this species is without collector’s name; it has been
(with many other plants) inserted by some person much to the de-
triment of the collection.

7. Thames. Binfield Heath, almost extinct.

Berks. Bagshot Heath, H.C. Watson. Bucks, Dropmore, Rep. of Rec.
Club, 1881. Warwick, Kersley Common, very rare. Gloster. W.

V. odorata, L. Sweet Violet.

Top. Bot. 54. Syme, E. B. ii. 14.171. Nym. 78.

Native. Septal. Generally distributed ; more frequent on oolites, clay,

and cornbrash, than on sand or chalk, P. Mar.—April.

First record, Sid. 1794.

Var. cerulea.

2. Ouse. Mixbury, Ardley, Hethe.

3. Swere. Banbury, very common, Gull., the common form, Bees.
Between Cropredy and Williamscott, abundant, 4. Fr. Somerton.

4, Ray. Water Eaton, H. Bos. Noke, Islip, Bucknell, Middleton
Stoney, Thrupp, ete.

5. Isis. Church Handborough, Br. MSS. 1833. Bladon, Woodstock,
Stonesfield, ete.

7. Thames. Goring.

Berks. Wytham, Bagley, Cumnor, Radley.

Var. alba.

2. Ouse. Ardley, Mixbury, Hardwick.

3. Swere. Banbury, 4. Fr. Somerton, on clay soil, T. Bees.

4. Ray. Noke, Elsfield, Bicester, Bucknell.
42 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

5. Isis. Stonesfield, Wychwood, Charlbury, Handborough, Begbroke.
A plant of V. imberbis, Leight. occurred with type at Bladon.

6. Thame. Tetsworth.

Berks. Wytham, Hinksey, Cumnor.

The purple flowered form occurred at Thrupp and near Charlbury. A
lilac coloured form is not uncommon. The Violet is, I believe, a native in
Oxfordshire.

V. hirta, LD. Hairy Violet.

Top. Bot. 55. Syme, E. B. ii. 17.172. Nym. 78.

Native. Septal. Hedgebanks, wood borders, grassy places, etc.
Common. P. March—May.

First record, Viola martia hirsuta major tnodora and first as British
‘Flowers in March and April and the flowers are abusively sold to the
shops amongst other violets, they not being so good for any of those uses
the Apothecaries put them to, as the other violets are, Plot, 1677, p. 147.
They grow plentifully in Mag. Col. Coppice, on Shotover Hill, Stow Wood,
and many other places.’

1. Stour. Sibford Heath.

2. Ouse, Mixbury, Ardley, Stoke Lyne.

3. Swere. Bodicote, Gull. Crouch Lane, Bretch, Bees. Horley,

A. Fr, Broughton, 0. Aplin. Swerford, Mrs. Davis.

4, Ray. Stow Wood, Plot. Kirtlington, Headington Wick, Elsfield,
H. Bos. Beckley, Bucknell, Ardley.

5. Isis. Several parts of Wychwood, Blackst. MSS. 1737. Near
Oxford, Hb, Banks, Hb. Br. Mus. Much the commoner about
Oxford, we have no chalk but it occurs upon clay, gravel, and lime-
stone, in woods, sides of ditches, in peat bogs, on hill sides, and even
in clay pits dug out for bricks, Phyt. 5. 154, H. Bos. Southcombe,
T. Bees. A form with narrower petals at Cornbury quarries, but
not quite V. calearea, Bab. Woodstock Park, Charlbury, Stones-
field, Burford, Wychwood, Ditchley, etc.

6. Thame. Shotover, Mag. Col. Copse, Plot. Do. in Ray’s Stirp. 1688 ;
do. in Ray's Syn. 1690, ete. Cheney Lane, Sib. Sydenham, Hb.
Bex. Bullingdon, Bos.

7. Thames. Maple Durham, Goring, Bledlow Ridge, H. Bos. Chin-
nor, Penley Wood, Henley, Fawler, Lewknor, Mongewell, abundant
on the chalk,

Berks. Wytham, Bagley, Pangbourne, Streatley, Sinodon Hill.

With white flowers at Ardley and Stonesfield.

V. permixta, Jord. Nym. 87.

Native. Septal and pascual. Dry hedgebanks and grassy places.
Local. P. March, April.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 43

First record, the Author, 1882.

2. Ouse. Ardley.

8. Ray. Kirtlington.

5. Isis. Fawler, Woodstock.

Berks. Wytham; Northants, Courteenhall.
This is always found with odorata and hirta.
Var. V. sepincola, Jord. Nym. 78.

2. Ouse. Ardley.

V. palustris, L. Marsh Violet.
Top. Bot. 53. Syme, E. B. ii. 13.17. Nym. 79.
Native. Uliginal. Marshes. Rare; almost extinct. P. April-
June,
First record, Plot 1677, and first as British V. palustris rotundifolia
glabr., with figure.
4. Ray. Betn. Oxford and Water Eaton, Cherwell side, Plot; also in
Ray's Stirp., Syn., Huds., Gough’s Camden, ete. Sibthorp omits it
(by an oversight) ; bogs near Stow Wood.
The cleistogamous flowers produee the seed, they may be found as late
as August.
Berks. Wootton Heath, Walk. Childswell Farm, Hd. Dill. 1744.
Birch Copse, T. Thurland. Burghfield Common, F. Tufnait.
A plant which another decade will probably remove from our list. Not
recorded for Northants, Bucks, E. Gloster; but is locally common in
Warwick.

V. tricolor, L. Heart's ease, Wild Pansy.

Top. Bot. 57. Syme, E. B. ii. 24.178. Nym. 80.

Native. Agrestal. Cultivated ground. A. or B. May—Nov.

First record, Sib. 1794, including arvensis. Not localised.

2. Ouse. Mixbury.

8. Swere. On a wall at Neithrop, Gull. Wykeham lane, fields,
common, Hook Norton, A. Fr. Banbury, common, Bees.

4, Ray. Wood Eaton, R. Linton. Stow Wood, H. Bos.

5. Isis. Stonesfield, Chadlington.

6. Thame. Cuddesdon, Littlemore; flowers all purple.

7. Thames. Stokenchurch, H. Bos. Goring, Woodcote.

Berks. 8S. Hinksey, Boars Hill, etc.

A very variable plant. Many of the Jordanian forms doubtless occur.

Var. arvensis, Murr. Syme, E. B. ii. 25. 179.

Native. Common in all the districts. In cultivated fields much more

frequent than tricolor

Var. mentita, Jord.

7. Thames. Woodcote, Cane End, Stokenchurch, and elsewhere in
cornfields on the Chilterns.
44 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Berks. Frilford.

Another violet with large petals, all yellow, is referred to the Var.
Sagoti of Gren. and Godr. See Rep. of Rec. Club, p. 205, it occurs about
Stow Wood.

[* V. lutea, Huds.

Ambiguity or casual. ‘A patch of plants grew one year in a sandy
field by Headington Wick Copse, and disappeared the year after; I never
saw any more.’ H. Ridley, MSS. I have never seen this, and had the
observer been one less acute and correct than Mr. Ridley, I should have
conjectured the large flowered form of Viola tricolor had been mistaken
for it.]

Orv. X. DROSERACE, DC.

DROSERA. L.

? D. rotundifolia, DL. Sundew.

Top. Bot. 59. Syme, E. B. ii. 30.182. Nym. 82. Baxt. 201.

Native. Uliginal. Bogs. Extinct, P. May-June.

First record, Wm. Coles. ‘Adam in Eden, 1657.

5. Thame. Shotover Hill, on that side towards Headington Quarry,
in Oxford, Wm. Coles and Sib.

Berks. Bagley Wood, Wm. Coles, 1657. Do. E. Fox, Bulmershe
Park, F. Tufnail. Frilford Heath, 1884. Northants, extinct.
Bucks, Warwick.

[D. intermedia, H. Syme, E. B. ii. 133. 184.

Berks. Bulmershe Park, 7. Tufnail. Bagshot, Dill. Ray. Early
common. In Bucks, Gloster, W.]

PARNASSIA. L.

P. palustris, L. Grass of Parnassus.

Top. Bot. 184. Syme, E. B. 4. 565. Nym. 82. Baxt. 470.

Native. Paludal. Bogs and marshy places. Rather rare. P.
Aug.—Oct.

First record, ‘in the middle of the great town field of Headington,
about a mile from Oxford, and on the other side of Oxford in the pastures
next unto Botley in the highway.’ Parkinson, Theatrum Botan., p. 429,
A.D. 1640. Do. Bx. 1832.

2. Ouse. Cottisford, Fringford, Westbury (Bucks), R. C. Pryor.

3. Swere. Bog south of Shutford bridge, 7. Beesley. This, the only
station of this very elegant plant in this neighbourhood, will
probably from its situation escape drainage, which destroys so
many of our rare plants. Near Worton Wood, T. Bees.

4. Ray. Weston peat pits, sparingly, W. Wilson Saunders. Bog
-FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 45

north side of Upper Heyford, Bx. Br. Pl. Beckley Grove meadow,
Rev. W. Moyle Rogers. Noke Wood, H. Bos. Headington Wick,
Sib. In a bog north of parsonage house, Upper Heyford, Ba. in
Walk. Kirtlington, Rev. H. Fox.

5. Isis. Southcombe, near Chipping Norton, Mr. Atkins. By the
Windrush, near Witney, H. Bos. Betn. Heythrop and Enstone,
T. Westcombe.

6. Thame. Bullingdon peat bogs, Sib. Shotover Hill, Bx. in Purton.
Sandford Park, Hb. R. Linton, 1863. Latchford bog, near Great
Haseley, Miss Armetriding.

Berks. In the pasture next into Botley, Parkinson Theat., 1640 and
1832, Bx. Wootton, H. Bos. Frilford, abundant.

Orv. XI. POLYGALEA, Juss.

POLYGALA. L.

[P. vulgaris, Z. Aggregate. Milkwort.

Native. Ericetal. Glareal, etc. Dry pastures, heaths, etc. Generally
distributed. P. May-Aug.

First record, Sib. 1794.

P. vulgaris, (L.) Schk. Segregate. Milkwort.
Syme, E. B. ii. 35.185. Nym. 83.
Native. Banks, wood borders. Common on the chalk. P. May-

July.

First record, 4. French, 1868.

. Swere. Hanwell, A. Fr.

. Ray. Headington Wick, railside near Bicester.

. Isis. Ditchley, Wootton.

. Thame. Menmarsh Farm, A. Fr.

. Thames. Whitchurch, see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1880, Goring very fine.
Mongewell, Beacon Hill, Penley Wood, red flowers. Chinnor, white
and pink. Stokenchurch, pale blue. Ipsden, Fawley, Bledlow.

Flowers dark blue, light blue, magenta, pink, white.

Berks. Streatley, Tilehurst; Bucks; Northants; Gloster; Warwick.

NTO OF 09

P. serpyllacea, Whe. Milkwort.

P. depressa, W. Top. Bot. 61. Syme, E. B, ii. 38. 187. Baxt. 251
‘vulgaris. Nym. 83.

Native. Ericetal and pascual. Heaths and dry pastures. Common.
P. April-August.

First certain record, Beesley, in Top. Bot. 1873.

Generally distributed. Rare on Oxford clay. Flowers usually deep
blue, but white, pale blue, and pink flowered forms are also found. The
46 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. -

plant is very typical on Shotover Hill. On the chalk hills it is replaced to
a great extent by vulgaris and calearea. The variety with ciliate bracts,
pedicels and sepals is P. ciliata, Lebel. A form closely allied to calcarea
occurs on Tainton Quarries, and by the roadside between Burford and
Brize Norton.

P. oxyptera, Rchb. Syme, E. B. ii. 36.186. Nym. 83.

Native. Pascual. Rare oroverlooked. Dry pastures. P. June, July.
First record, the Author, 1881.

7. Thames. Lewknor on chalk hills.

Warwick, Honington, in the Stour drainage.

P. calcarea, F. Sch. Chalk Milkwort.

Top. Bot. 62. Syme, E. B. ii. 38.188. Nym. 83.

Native. Glareal, Chalk downs and stony places. Locally common.

P. May-July.

First record, F. Duthie, Report of Bot. Ex. Club, 1870.

5. Isis. Burford Quarries and roadside, near the county border.

7. Thames, Swincombe Downs, Duthie. In Oxon, A. W. Bennett,
Journ. Bot. xv. 173. Goring, Hb. Lawson, 1871. Near Henley,
H. Bos. Watlington, Grime’s Dyke, rare on Beacon Hill, abundant
on Ewelme Downs and Common. Thins out very much to the East,
its place being taken by P. vulgaris.

Berks. Ilsley and Compton, H. Bos. Abundant on Streatley Hill,
Moulsford, Pangbourne, Basildon, also in E. Gloster and Bucks.

Varies with flowers dark blue, light blue, lilac, pink, red, and white.
In the oolite very dark blue.

This appears to be a well marked species.

({Elatine hexandra, DC. Burfield Heath and near Virginia Water,
Berks ; Warwick, Coleshill pool extinct ?].

Orv. XII. CARYOPHYLLEA, Juss.

GITHAGO. D.

~ Githago Segetum, Desf. Corn Cockle.

Agrostemma Githago, L. Top. Bot. 68. Syme, E. B. ii. 74. 215. Br.
175. Nym. 85.

Colonist. Agrestal. Cornfields. Local. A. June-Aug.

First record, Sib. 1794. Unlocalised.

1. Stour. Sibford.

3. Swere. Hanwell, 4. Fr.

4. Ray. Common about Upper Heyford, Bx. MSS. Headington Wick,

H. Bos. Islip, Stow Wood, Kirtlington.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 47

5. Isis. Common about Church Handborough, Bx. MSS. Witney, H.
Bos. Charlbury, Ditchley.

6. Thame. Between Bullingdon and Shotover, Br. MSS./ Shotover
near Horsepath.

7. Thames. Ewelme, H. Bos. Mongewell, Goring, Henley, North
Stoke.

Berks. Pusey, H. Bos. Frilford.

Near North Stoke this appeared in such abundance as to give a lavender
blue tint to the field of vetches in which it grew.

LYCENIS. L.

/ L. Flos-cuculi, L. Ragged Robin.

Top. Bot. 67. Syme, E. B. ii. 71. 212. Bx. 71. Nym. 83.

Native. Paludal. Wet meadows; common. P. May-Aug.

First record, ‘Gosforth Bridge, Mr. Stonenouse,’ Phytologia, 1650.
‘ Armoraria feemina flore albido elegantior.’

Generally distributed, but rather rare on the chalk, except by the river
side. With white flowers at the base of Shotover on South Side, at Gos-
forth Bridge, see above, and in a field by Atkin’s Lime Kilns, Banbury,
T. Bees.; also in Berks in the lane from Abingdon Road to Bagley Wood,
Ba.; and in meadows at Moulsford,

(Ls. diurna, S2b. Red Campion.

Melandryum sylvestre, R. Silene diurna, G.etG. Top. Bot. 67.
Syme, E. B. ii. 69. 211. Nym. 86.

Native. Septal. Damp woods and hedges, ete. Locally common. P.
May-Sept.

First record, L. sylvestris minus hirsuta flore rubello simplici circa
Oxonium ad margines sepium silvarumque humidior, passim Morison, ii.
541. 1680.

1. Stour. Near Sibford.

3. Swere. Rare about Banbury, but frequent about Drayton and
Wroxton, at South Newington a variety with flesh-coloured flowers,
but with the other characters of diurna, very distinct, is common,
Beesley. Also at Upton and Edgehill, Hanwell, Miss Rusher.
Clattercut reservoir.

4, Ray. With white flowers near Muswell Hill, Noke Wood, etc.

5. Isis. Bladon, Rogers. Handborough.

6. Thame. With Puccinia Lychnidearum about Oxford, near Shotover
plantation, 1826, Br. MSS. Near Thame, A. Fr. Nuneham,
Cuddesdon, Albury, Horspath, etc.

7. Thames. Mongewell near Binfield, Cane End.

Berks. Tubney, etc.

With white flowers by rail side near Wheatley, and in the North of the
48 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

County pale flowered forms are frequent, some of these appear to be natural
hybrids.

L. vespertina, Sid. White Campion.

Melandrywm pratense, R. Silene pratensis, G. et G., w singularly in-
appropriate name. L. alba, Mill.

Top. Bot. 67. Syme, E. B. ii. 68. 210. Nym. 86.

Native. Agrestal, septal. Hedges, fields, etc. Common and generally
distributed. B. and P. May—Oct.

First record, Plot 1677 ‘L. sylvestris flor. alb., Ger. One kind with
yellow stamens, and a flower circle in middle; and another without the
flower circle and with purple stamens. In the first of these the seed
vessel not appearing at all, and in the second withering away with the .
flowers; it occurs by Holywell and the New Park,’ p. 150.

With pink flowers neat Nettlebed and Clattercut. The anthers are
often attacked with, a fungus.

SILENE, L.

S. Cucubalus, Wib. Bladder Campion.

S. inflata, Sm. Top. Bot. 64. Syme, E. B. ii. 56. 199. Nym. 88.
Bx. 120.

Native. Pascual. Waysides, fields, etc. Common and generally dis-
tributed. P. June—Aug.

First record, ‘ Papaver spwmeum in Oxfordshire with striped leaves,’
Plot 1677.

The glabrous plant is more frequent on clay and in damp places. Mr.
Baxter found @cidiwm Behen, DC. for the first time in Britain near
Bullingdon, and Uredo Behenus, D C., on the same plant. Occasionally
puberula is found with the type.

‘The pubescent variety S. puberula, Jord. was first noticed in Merrett
1666, as ‘ Behen album hispidum, the Hairy Spatling Poppy, plentiful about
Oxford.’

. Stour. Tadmarton.

. Ouse. Mixbury.

. Ray. Headington Wick, etc.

. Isis. Charlbury, Sarsden, etc.

. Thame. Bullingdon.

. Thames. The common form on the chalk occurring often as a semi-
prostrate plant in chalky fields.

Berks. Moulsford, Pangbourne, etc.

NO Ob Dw He

8. noctiflora, DL.

Top. Bot. 66. Syme, E. B. ii. 66. 209. Nym. 93.
Colonist. Agrestal. Sandy cornfields. Local, but often overlooked.
A. July-Nov. :
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 49

First record, Sib. 1794.
1. Stour. Between Sibford and Tadmarton Heath, 4. Fr.
3. Swere. Hook Norton, 4. Fr.
4. Ray. Headington, Sib. Between Kirtlington and Bletchingdon,
Miss Mary Saunders. Kirtlington, H. Bos. Headington Wick,
H. Ridley. Stow Wood, Tackley, between Marston and Water
Eaton.
5. Isis. Stanton Hareourt, South Leigh, Sib. Near the Rollerich
Stones, 4. Fr. Church Handborough, Ditchley.
6. Thame. Cowley, Sib. Nuneham, ZL. Walford. Cowley Lane and
Shotover, near the Windmill, Bz. 1819 ix Purton. Bullingdon,
Bos. Between St. Clement’s and Iffey, Bx. 1823. Dorchester,
Rev. F. Bennett. Cuddesdon, Clifton Hampden.
7. Thames. Woodcote, Goring, Chinnor, etc. ‘
Berks. Between Ferry Hinksey and Cumnor, Wytham, Br. Boar’s
Hill, Frilford, Moulsford, etc.
The yellow exterior of the flowers with rose coloured interior, and the
very viscid hairs offer ready means of distinguishing this plant at a glance
from Lychnis vespertina

** §. dichotoma, Hhrh. Nym. 93.

Casual. Mill Wood, Church Handborough, probably introduced with

pheasant corn.

S. anglica, LD.

Syme, E. B. ii. 60. 202. Nym. 97.

Colonist. Agrestal. Sandy cornfields. Very rare. A. July.

First record, Rev. E. Fox, about 1860.

4. Ray. -Headington and Stanton St. John, Rev. H. Fox. Field at end
of Headington Wick Marsh, H. Ridley, M.A.

Berks. Near Wellington Coll., Penny. Newbury, N. B. G. quinque-
vulnera. No record for Gloster, very rare in Northants, a casual
in Warwick.

[S. conica, L. Near Newbury, Berks, H. Bos. 1858.]

SAPONARIA. L.
** §. Vaccaria, LD.
Casual. On mud thrown out of Canal near Grimsbury Wharf, 1867,
A, Fr. On mud dredged from river near Osney! F. T. Richards, M.A.
1884. Bullingdon, near the Barracks, 1885.

S. officinalis, L. Soap Wort.
Syme, E. B. ii. 53.197. Nym. 98. Baxt. 37.
Denizen. Viatical. Hedges and waste places. Rare. P. Aug.

First record, Sib. 1794.
4. Ray. Marston, Walk. Fl. On right hand side of turnpike going

E
50 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

from Oxford to Woodstock, between double ditch and watering
trough, Bx. 1821. ;

5. Isis. Stanton Harcourt, Sib. Prison Lane, Charlbury, J. M.
Albright. North Leigh and Woodstock, Prof. Daubeny, 1841.
Beyond Burford in hedge, well established.

6. Thame. Headington Hill, Sib. Ditto a little above Cheney Lane,
1849, Bx. Ditto, H. Bos. 1857.

7. Thames. Between Whitchurch and Coomb ina hedge some distance
from houses, well established ; between Goring and Whitchurch.

Berks. Meadow at Blewberry, H. Bos. Streatley, Compt. Hist.
Gloster near Kempsford, Warwick, Northants extinct ‘ concava,

DIANTHUS. L.

** D. Cesius, Sm. Cheddar Pink.

Top. Bot. bracketed. Syme, E, B. ii. 48. 193. Nym. rot.

Alien. Wadham Walls, Oxford, Hb. Br. Mus. coll. H. Trimen. Pem-
broke Coll. Walls, introduced by the late Master, Hb. Lawson. Near the
entrance to the Cathedral, Journ. Bot. IX., W. T. Dyer. Still on Wadham
Wall, and also on a wall at the back of the College.

D. Armeria, L. Deptford Pink.

Top. Bot. 63. Syme, E. B. ii. 45. 191. Nym. 102.

Native. Pascual, Viatical. Sandy fields. Very rare. A. July.

First record, Sib. 1794.

7. Thames. Sandy fields near Caversham, Sib. A drawing from a
spec. from Shiplake in Brit. Mus., roadside between Shiplake
Station and Holmwood. Native I believe. Honble. J. L. Warren
in Rep. Rec. Club, 1875.

Berks. Englefield, Walk. Flora. Side of wood near Taplow (Bucks ?),
Early Heath, Merrett. Maidenhead, H. Bos. Cookham, Marshall.
Bucks, Warwick, very rare.

{D. prolifer, D.

Berks ‘ Windsor W. A. Lewis in Hb. Bot. Soc., Lond. Watson.]}

MALACHIUM. Fr.

M. aquaticum, Fr. Water Chickweed.
Stellaria aquatica, Scop. Top. Bot. 79. Syme, E.B. ii.g1. 227. Nym.
107.

Native. Paludal. Ditches, damp places. Common. P. July—Oct.

First record, Sib. 1794. Unlocalised. .

2. Ouse. Mixbury.

3. Swere. Banbury, Gulliver. Hardwick, very common, A. Fr.
Near Somerton, H. Bos. Abundant round Clattercut reservoir,
and on the hedge reaching to four feet high.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 51

4. Ray. Islip, H. Bos. Mag. Coll. Walks, H. E. Garnsey. Wood
Eaton, Marston, Otmoor abundant, Kirtlington.

5. Isis. Port Meadow, Godstow, Handborough, Bruern, Eynsham, etc.
Very large in Christ Church Meadow, 1885.

6. Thame. Oxford, Hb. Lawson. Iffey, H. Bos. Thame, Hb. Bz.
Dorchester, Littlemore.

7. Thames. Common about Caversham and Shiplake, F. A. Lees.

Berks. Radley.

CERASTIUM. L.
Cc. arvense, L. Field Chickweed.

Top. Bot. 82. Syme, E. B. ii. 89. 225. Baxt. 286. Nym. 109.

Native. Glareal. Sandy fields ; local. P. May-July.

First record, $%b. 1794.

1. Stour. Tadmarton Heath, and a form approaching C. Andrewsti,
A, Fr.

3. Swere. Pesthouse field, Bretch, rare, T. Bees. Neithrop, A. Fr.
Broughton fulling Mill, T. Bees.

4, Ray. Between the Parks and Wolvercote, Sib. Between Elsfield and
Noke, at the back of Red Lion Inn, Stow Wood, Bx. in Walker Fl.
Commons and waste land near Oxford, Bree. N.E.corner of Parks,
Bx. in Purton. On outside of Headington Wick Copse, H. Ridley.
Near Kirtlington Station, near Tackley, Middleton Stoney.

5. Isis. Stanton Harcourt, between Witney and Burford! Sib. Be-
tween Witney and Minster Lovell! Bz. Minster Quarries, Lyne-
ham Barrow, Brize Norton.

6. Thame. Road crossing the 100 acres, Bullingdon, Walk.

7. Thames. Caversham, Newb./ Watlington, Pyrton Common,
Goring.

Berks. Wallingford, Milton, Tubney, Bos. Frilford, Sunningwell,
Dyer. Unwell Downs.

C. vulgatum, L. (Fr.).
C. triviale, Lk. Top. Bot. 80. Syme, E. B. ii. 85. 222. Nym. 108.
Native. Pratal. Walls, fields, ete. Common and generally distri-
buted. B.or P. April—September.
First record, Sib. 1794.
On old walls in Oxford and in Christ Church Meadows and the Parks.
C. viscosum, LD. Mouse-ear Chickweed.
C. glomeratum, Th. Top. Bot. 79. Syme, E. B. ii. 82.221. Nym. 108.
Native. Agrestal. Walls, waste places, fields, etc. Common and
. generally distributed. A. April-September.
First record, Sib. 1794.
Var. C. apetalum, Dum.
52 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

1. Stour. Tadmarton Heath.
4, Ray. Border of Stow Wood. A very viscous form is also found
here.
7. Thames. Binfield Heath, Watlington.
A form with very broad leaves and compact flower-heads is not unfre-
quent. It was abundant on waste ground near Osney in 1884.

GC. semidecandum, L.

Top. Bot. 80. Syme, E. B. ii. 81. 220. Nym. 110.

Native. Glareal. Walls, heaths, dry fields. Local. A. April-June.

First record, Sib. 1794.

1. Stour. Tadmarton Heath.

8. Swere. Bretch, A. Fr. On wall round Rectory close, Broughton,
T. Bees.

4. Ray. Betn. Elsfield and Noke, in great plenty in a lane at the back
of the Red Lion Inn, Stow Wood, 1830, Bx. MSS. Plentiful in fields
above Headington Wick Copse; near Bayswater.

5. Isis. Finstock Heath.

6. Thame. Shotover, S. side.

7. Thames. Binfield Heath, Goring.

Berks. Boar’s Hill, Tubney ; Northants, Cosgrove, etc., Gloster, Bucks,
Warwick.

(C. pumilum, Curt. Gloucester, E. and W. Should be searched for on

the extreme west side of the county.]

MOENCHIA. Lhrh.

M. quaternella, Hhrh.

M. erecta, Ehrh. Cerastium quaternellum, F. Syme, E. B. ii. 77. 217.
Top. Bot. 68. Baxt. 460. Nym. 111.

Native. Ericetal, glareal. Heaths. Local and rare. A. May.

First record, Blackstone, MSS. 1737. Alsine tetrapetalos Caryophylloides
quibusdam Holosteum minimum, Raii. Very common in the moist parts
of Wychwood Forest.

5. Isis. Wychwood, as above, South Leigh Heath, Eynsham Heath,

Sagina erecta, Sib. Ramsden Heath, J. Westcombe.

6. Thame. Shotover Hill, Sib.

I have made careful and repeated search on the large commons on the
Chalk Downs, and also the foregoing localities for this plant, but as yet
without success.

Berks. Ascot Race Course, J. G. Baker.

STELLARIA. L.

S. media, Cyr. Chickweed.
Top. Bot. 78. Syme, E. B. ii. 93. 229. Nym 111.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 53

Native. Agrestal. Common everywhere. A. Flowers all the year.
First record, Sib. 1794.
Var. 8. neglecta, Whe. Reich. Fl. Germ. 4905.
3. Swere. Near Clattercut.
4. Ray. Kirtlington.
5. Isis. Port Meadow, see Report of Record Club, 1883.
6. Thame. Shotover Plantation, Albury.
Var. Boreana, Jord.
. Stour. Tadmarton Heath.
Ouse. Hethe.
. Swere. Bloxham, Shutford.
. Ray. Noke, Upper Heyford.
. Isis. Stonesfield, Wolvercote.
. Thame. Iffley.
- Thames. Maple Durham, ete.
Berks. 8. Hinksey.
The typical plant is one of our most ubiquitous species, flourishing as a
garden weed in the centre of the city.
[Var. umbrosa, Opitz. In Warwick, near Honington. This should be
found in the county; woods in the north-west of the county should be
especially searched. ]

Tanah owere

S. Holostea, L. Greater Stitchwort. Ail-bones.

Top. Bot. 78. Syme, E. B. ii. 96. 230, Nym. 111.

Native. Septal. Hedges and wood borders. Generally distributed,
abundant on the chalk. P. April—June.

First record, Blackstone MSS. 1737. Caryoph. Hotosteus arv. flore majore
C. B. Pin. ‘In the fallow fields about Walcot and by the roadside be-
tween Charlbury and Ditchley.’ Beesley says it is rare about Banbury.

S. palustris, Hhrh.

S. glauca, With. Top. Bot. 78. Syme, E. B. ii. 97. 231. Nym. 111.

Native. Paludal. Marshy meadows. Local. P. May-July.

First record, Caryoph. Holosteus arvensis medius . . . invenit, D. Sherard

prope Oxoniam, and first in Britain: ante 1724.

8. Swere. Broughton, T. Bees. Single spec.

4. Ray. Otmoor! Sib., Stellaria media. Ambrosden! near Kidlington,
H. Bos. Oddington! 1881, Bx. Betn. Oddington and Studley abun-
dant, field opposite Mesopotamia; Marston.

5. Isis. About Oxford, Sherard in Ray. Godstow! typical, Newb.
Binsey! H. Bos. Port Meadow! betn. Heyfield’s Hut and Port
Meadow! 1824, Bx. Near Eynsham, Wolvercote, Bruern.

6. Thame. Betn. St. Clement’s and Iffley, Br. in Walk. River bank
below Iffley, H. Bos. Ch. Ch. Meadow ditch, 1824, Bz. Marsh
Baldon, H. E. Garnsey.
54 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

7. Thames. Nettlebed, A. Fr. Meadows, North Stoke.

Berks. Devil’s Back Bone, 1824 ; betn. Wytham and Binsey! 1831, Br.
Kintbury, Reeks. Bisham, Medmenham, Cookham, Britten. In
all the bordering counties, including Gloster, near Oddington.

8. graminea, (L) Retz. Heath Stitchwort.

Top. Bot. 79. Syme, E. B. ii. 98. 232. Nym. 112.
Native. Pascual. Pastures, heaths, sandy or gravelly soil. Widely
distributed and locally common. P. May—August.
First record, Sid. 1794.
1, Stour. Tadmarton Heath, Sibford, etc.
2. Ouse. Mixbury, Hardwick.
8. Swere. Drayton Lane, Gull. Common, Bees. Broughton, Walford.
Epwell Heath, Clattercut.
4. Ray. Headington Wick Copse, 1831, Bx.! Upper Heyford, Bz.
5. Isis. Church Handborough, 1833, Bz.! Begbroke, H. Bos. North
Leigh, Bruern, Finstock.
6. Thame. Shotover, near Iffey, Bx. Open Magdalen, Bullingdon.
7. Thames. Nettlebed, Binfield, nr. Cane End.
Berks. Boar’s Hill, Frilford.
It is frequently barren owing to the stamens being destroyed by a
fungus.

S. uliginosa, Murr. Bog Stitchwort.

Top. Bot. 79. Syme, EH. B. ii. 99. 233. Nym. 112.

Native. Paludal. Wet places. Local. P. May-—August.

First record, Sib. 1794.

3. Swere. Watery places frequent, Bees. Hanwell, Bretch, Lovell’s
Lynches, Hook Norton, A. Fr. North Newington, T. Brayne.

4. Ray. Somerton, Lower Heyford, Kirtlington.

5. Isis, South Leigh, Sib. Begbroke, H. Bos. Wychwood, Bruern.

6. Thame. Shotover Hill, Sib. Thame, Hd. Br. Betn. Shotover and
Horspath, H. £. Garnsey! Albury, Wheatley.

7. Thames. Ibstone Common, Binfield Heath. Abundant in wood
above Homer Farm, Chinnor.

Berks. Bagley Wood, betn. South Hinksey and Childswell Farm, 1831,
Bu. ! Wytham, Eng Wood, Frilford.

A tufted form occurred on mud at Lower Heyford.

ARENARIA. L.

A. serpyllifolia, DL. Thyme leaved Sandwort.

Top. Bot. 76. Syme, E. B. ii. 102. 235. Nym, 115.
Native. Agrestal and glareal. Walls and cornfields. Common and
generally distributed. A. June-October.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 55

First record, Sib. 1794.

The segregate A. spherocarpa, Ten. is the plant which usually occurs ;
the variety A. leptoclados, Guss. is not unfrequent.

1. Stour. Tadmarton.

3. Swere. Adderbury, A. Fr. Broughton, Miss Rousher. Drayton.

4. Ray. Beckley, Rev. Moyle Rogers. Elsfield, etc.

5. Isis. North Leigh.

6. Thame. Thame, Hb. Fr. Dorchester, Drayton.

7. Thames. Goring, Caversham, Newb. Maple Durham.

Berks, Hinksey, Marcham ; Northants, Warwick, Bucks, Gloster E.

A. trinervia, L.

Mehringia trinervia, Clairv. Top. Bot. 77. Syme, E. B. ii. 101. 234.
Nym. 112.

Native. Moist woods, shady places. Not uncommon. A. May, June.

Is noted for all the districts except the Stour.

It is plentiful in suitable localities round Oxford.

ALSINE. L.

A, tenuifolia, Wahl.

Top. Bot. 76. Syme, E. B, ii. 112. 243. Nym. 117.

Native. Glareal. Dry stony ground, chalky cornfields. Local and

rare. A. May-July.

First record, Blackstone MSS. 1737.

1. Stour. Tadmarton Heath, 7. Bees.

3. Swere. Bretch, very rare, Gulliver. Not found in 1842, Bees.
Found in 1864, 4. Fr. Railside betn. King’s Sutton and Banbury,
W. Patey.

5. Isis. In Cornbury Quarries, but very rarely, Blackstone. Rewley
Abbey, Charlbury Stone Quarries, Sib. Minster Lovell! A. Robert-
son, M.A. Stonesfield.

6. Thame. Cheney Lane, on a bank after crossing a stream of water
between the Asylum and the Windmill, With Trifolium scabrum
very rare, Ba. MSS. 1832, also in Walk. Under the shade of a
hedge-bank near Shotover and Wheatley, Phyt.n.s. 4.101. Spec.
in Hb. Br. Mus. Col. H. Boswell. Shotover, 1849, Z'. Westcombe,
H. Bos. 1859, 1866. Headington, R. Walker.

7. Thames. Cornfields near Nettlebed, Sib. Betn. Nuffield and Monge-
well, Watlington.

Berks. Streatley, Watson. Moulsford.

Bucks, Northants, rare. Gloster, Warwick, casual only.

SAGINA. L.
S$. nodosa, (L.) Fzl.

Top. Bot. 72. Syme, E. B. ii. 118. 246. Nym. 120.
56 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Native. Ericetal. Damp heaths, wet gravelly places. Local and rare.
P. July, Aug.

First record, Blackstone MSS. 1737. In several springs of Wychwood
Forest. Alsine palustris fol. tenwissimis, Park.

4. Ray. Near Stow Wood, Sib. Spergula nodosa ; roadside between
Oddington and Otmoor, Bx. 1831. Near Bicester, coll. Mr. Young,
Hb. Ba.

5. Isis. Wychwood and Cornbury, Blackstone. Binsey, H. Bos.! Port
Meadow, Hb. Lawson. Near Chipping Norton, 7, Bees. North Leigh
Heath, Canal-side towards Wolvercote.

6. Thame. Shotover Hill, Sid.! Bogs under Bullingdon Green, 1831, Ba.

Berks. Between South Hinksey and Bagley Wood, Ba. 1831. Wootton
Heath, H. Bos.! Foxcombe Hill, H. EZ. Garnsey. Cookham, Kintbury.

Given without locality in Walker’s Flora. It is one of our most local
plants. Bucks, rare. Northants, extinct. Gloster queried. War-
wick, Sutton Park, Coleshill Heath.

[S. subulata, Pr.

Berks. Bagshot Heath, Watson. Bray, N. B. G. Newbury, New-
town, Newb. Queried for Bucks. It is possibly extinct in
Northants. ]

S. ciliata, Fr.

Syme, E. B. ii. 119. 247. Nym. 121.

Native. Ericetal. Dry sandy fields. Very local. A. June-Aug.
First record, the Author, 1884.

1. Stour. Tadmarton Heath.

7. Thames. In a Common above Chinnor.

Bucks. Bledlow, Rep. of Ree. Club, 1883, Berks, Northants local,
Warwick, Gloster E.

The mucronate points to the outer sepals which are adpressed to the
mature fruit (not as in apetala spreading to form a Maltese cross), and the
yellower green foliage offer the chief distinguishing features to separate it
from apetala, which is more hairy than ciliata.

S. apetala, L.

Top. Bot. 70. Syme, E. B. ii. 125. 251. Nym. 121.

Native. Glareal. Walls and sandy ground, not uncommon. A. May-
Aug.

First record, Plot 1677, and first as British, Sawifraga ang. alsinefolia
annua.

1. Stour. Tadmarton Heath, A. Fyr., vera.

3. Swere. Bodicote, Adderbury, T. Bees. Broughton.

4. Ray. Fallow fields of Headington, Balliol Col. Garden Walk, Plot.
Mag. Walks, and in the walks of the Physic Garden, Sib. Grassplot
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 57

opposite Garden Library, Hb. Dillen. Beckley, Moyle Rogers.
Elsfield, see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1880. Marston, Middleton Stoney.
5. Isis. Godstow, Newb. Blenheim Park, H. Bos. Woodstock, Bampton,
Clanfield.
6. Thame. Cowley, Plot. Thame, Hb, Bz. Cuddesdon, Horsepath,
Great Haseley.
7. Thames. Caversham, rare, F’. A. Lees.
At least two forms occur, one erect and nearly simple in habit, the other
prostrate and very branched ; the last occurs on dry ground; the former at
the base of walls, etc.

Berks. Buckland, H. Bos. Marcham.
S. procumbens, L. Pearluort.

Top. Bot. 71. Syme, E. B. ii. 248. Baxt. 199. Nym. 121.

Native. Viatical. Moist places, heaths, etc. Common and generally
distributed. P. April—Sept.

First record, Hb. Dillenius, Oxford, 1744.

SPERGULA. L.

8. arvensis, L. Corn Spurrey.

Top. Bot. 73. Baxt. 338. Nym. 121.

Native. Agrestal. Sandy cornfields. Local. A. June-—Aug.

First record, Sib. 1794.

1. Stour. Tadmarton Heath.

8. Swere. Adderbury, Gull. Rare, Bees. Broughton, &. Fr. Tadmarton,
between North Newington and Wroxton.

4. Ray. Headington Wick, Br. MSS. Elsfield, H. Bos. Stow Wood.

5. Isis. Bruern.

6. Thame. Headington above Bartholomew's Hospital, Sib. Thame,
Hb. Bx. Shotover, between the Asylum and Bullingdon, Ba.

Cuddesdon.
7. Thames. Cane End, Goring, Ipsden, Binfield, Crowsley, Whit-
church.

Berks. Wootton, H. Bos. Boar’s Hill, Frilford, etc.
Var. sativa, Boen. with non papillose seed. Syme, E. B. ii. 127. 252.
4. Ray. Elsfield.
Var. vulgaris, Boen. Syme, E. B. ii. 127. 253.
The common form.
SPERGULARIA. Pr.
S. rubra, Pr.
Top. Bot. 76. Syme, E. B. ii. 254. Nym.
Native. Glareal. Sandy heaths and fields. Local. A. June-Sept.
First record, Std. 1794.
1. Stour. Tadmarton Heath.
3. Swere. Milcombe Lane, T. Bees.
58 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

4. Ray. HElsfield.

6. Thame. Shotover, in a furze close where sand has been dug, Sid.
Rarity about Oxford, M. 7. Masters.

7. Thames. Nettlebed, A. Fr.!

Berks. Bagley, Bx. Wootton, H. Bos. Boar's Hill, Frilford, Abingdon.

Orv. XIII. LINEA, DC.

LINUM. L.
*L. usitatissimum, D. Flax.
Casual. Comp. Cyb. Br. 493. Syme, E. B. ii. 194. 292. Bx. 353-
Nym. 125.

First record, Gulliver, 1821.

3. Swere. Hook Norton, Gull. Do. Beesley, rare. Banbury, A. Fr.

4, Ray. Elsfield, Hb. R. Linton. A considerable quantity of Flax was
raised at Water Eaton, Hampton, etc., on boggy land and good
wheat got after it, Agric. Rep. 204.

5. Isis. G. W. Station, waste ground.

6. Thame. Shotover, Hb. Lawson. Iffley, at the Mill, H. Bos.
Headington.

Not even naturalized.

[L. perenne, Z. Northants very rare, if not extinct.]

[L. angustifolium, Z. Warwick, casual. Berks (?), Gloster (?).]

L. catharticum, L. Purging Flax.

Top. Bot. 83. Syme, E. B. ii. 181. 289. Nym. 126.

Native. Pascual. Dry pastures, heaths. Not uncommon. A. June~
Oct.

First record, Sib. 1794.

1. Stour. Tadmarton Heath, Sibford Common.

2. Ouse. Mixbury.

3. Swere. Andrew's pit, Bretch, Bodicote Mill. Beyond Neithrop,
Gull. Crouch Lane, Bees. Tadmarton, F. Fr. Somerton.

4. Ray. Cross roads between Middleton Stoney and Bicester, 4. Fr.
Studley, Hb. Lawson. Oddington, Rev. Moyle Rogers. Stow Wood.

5. Isis, Wychwood, North Leigh, Stonesfield, Bladon, Ditchley.

6. Thame. Waterperry, 4. Fr. Bullingdon, H. Bos. Shotover,
Wheatley, Holton, Clifton Hampden.

7. Thames. Stokenchurch, Hb. Bx. Woodcote Heath, Binfield Heath,
Beacon Hill, Pyrton, Ibstone, Ipsden, etc.

Berks. Streatley, Boar’s Hill, Frilford, etc.

RADIOLA. Rith.
R. linoides, Rth. Ail-Seed. Least Rupture Wort.
At. Millegrana, L, Syme, E. B. ii. 179. 288. Baxt. 188. Nym. 126.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 59

Native. Ericetal. Damp heaths, Veryrare. A. J une—Aug.

First record, the Author, see Report of Record Club, 1881, p. 186.

7. Thames. Binfield Heath in damp paths, and by a small pond side
with Centunculus.

Berks. Harly Heath. Warwick, very local.

Orv. XIV. MALVACEA, Br.

ALTHZA. L.

** Althea officinalis, Z. Marsh Mallow. Syme, E. B. ii. 163. 278.

Casual. In a ditch in Long Meadow [betn. Oxford and [fey], Mr. Jos.
East, 1835.

A solitary plant on the margin of a watery ditch w little above the
Island in Ch. Ch. Walk. In the same place 1845, Sep. 7th, and this plant
is much increased in size. Do. July, 1849, W. Bx. Extinct, Phyt. N.S.
v. 2. 113.

** Lavatera arborea, L. Tree Mallow. Syme, E. B. ii. 165. 279.
Casual. Waste ground, Grimsbury Wharf, R. French.

MALVA. LZ.

M. moschata, L. Musk Mallow.

Top. Bot. 85. Syme, E. B. ii. 166. 280. Baxt. 25. Nym. 129.
Native. Septal. Borders of fields, waysides. Local. P. June-
August.

First record, 84b. 1794.

2. Ouse. Mixbury and Finmere, R. Pryor in Walk. :

3. Swere. Andrew’s pits, Gull. Frequent by borders of fields, Bees.
Draper’s Road, rare. Roadside Gt. Tew, A. Fr. Twyford bridge,
S. Brayne. Nr. Shutford.

4. Ray. Headington, Mrs. L. Walker. Between Rousham and Tackley,
Miss Armetriding. Grave Hill Wood, Mrs. G. Woodward in Bz.
White flowers, Suscot Wood, W. Woottox Wootton, Esq.

5. Isis. South Leigh, betn. Witney and Burford, Sib. Wychwood, Hb.
R. Linton. Roadside betn. Leather Bottle and Ashford Mills,
1831. Betn. Church and Long Handborotgh, Mr. Tew, 1833. Betn.
Woodstock and Stonesfield, betn. Stonesfield and Ashford Mill,
1831! betn. Church Handborough and Eynsham, Wootton Wood
borders, nr. Alvescott, Mr. Barrett, Bx. Pl. Dean near Chipping
Norton, 7. Bees. Stonesfield, Witney, South Leigh, Bladon,
Charlbury.

6. Thame. Culham Heath, Sib. S.E. corner of Cowley Marsh, Bz. in
Walk. Shotover, Hb. Lawson. Nuneham, H. Bos. Wheatley.

7. Thames. Stokenchurch, Hb. Br. Henley, H. Bos. Nr. Crowsley
60 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Park, betn. Goring and Woodcote, Gallow’s Tree’ Common, betn.
Christmas Common and Assenton, Mongewell, Upper Greenfield.
Berks. Bagley, Cumnor Hurst, Ba.
With white flowers nr. Woodcote and near Stonesfield.

M. sylvestris, L. Common Mallow, ‘ Cheeses.’

Top. Bot. 85. Syme, E. B. ii. 167. 283. Nym. 129.

Native. Viatical. Waysides. Common and generally distributed. P.
June-Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794.

It has been noticed with white flowers at Handborough, and light blue
(similar to chicory) near Woodcote. The leaves are often attacked with
Puceinia malvacearum.

M. rotundifolia, DL. Dwarf Mallow.

Top. Bot. 86. Syme, E. B. ii. 168. 282. Nym. 1go.

Native. Viatical. Waste places and roadsides. P. May-August.
First record, Sib. 1794.

Generally distributed. Common about Oxford.

** M. niceensis, All. Cyb. Comp. 493.
Casual. Oxford, 1872, Col. Rev. H. E. Fox, Hb. Br. Mus.

Orv. XV. TILIACEA, Juss.

TILIA. L.

* T. platyphyllos, Scp. Large leaved Lime.

Ff. grandifolia, Ehrh. Syme, E. B. ii. 172. 285.

Alien (?). Woods, plantations. Rare. T. June.

First record, Tilia foliis molliter hirsutis, viminibus rubris fructu tetra-
gono. *Tis known by the name of the Red Lime, and grows naturally in
Stokenchurch Woods, D. Bobart, 1690. T. europea var. b. Sib. as above
also in Ray Edit. ii. and iii. in Smith’s Fl. Br., in Gough’s Camden,
apparently planted, Mr. Bicheno, only one tree seen in 1824, not there
now, Prof. Williams, Sm. Eng. FL, Do. in Walk. Fl, Hb. Br. Mus. T.
corallina coll. J. E. Bicheno. Stokenchurch Woods were till lately said
to have produced both the broad leaved species, Phyt.i.170. Planted in
Banbury Cemetery, A. Fr. and at Thame, etc.

*T. vulgaris, Hay. Lime.

T. intermedia, DC. T. europea, L. Nym. 131. Syme, E. B. ii. 173.
286. Bx. 293.

Alien. Always as a planted tree in the county, some fine specimens in
Cornbury Park.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 61

T. ulmifolia, Scop. Small leaved Lime.

T. parvifolia, Ehrh. Syme, E. B. ii. 178. 287. Nym. 131.

Native or denizen. Woods. T. Local andrare. July, August.

First record, J. E. Bicheno, 1824.

7. Thames. Stokenchurch Woods plentifully, J. E. Bicheno, in Sm.
ing. Fl. A single and rather large tree of above, W. Christy, Tun.
1834, in Stokenchurch Woods.

Occurs as a planted tree in scattered localities throughout the county.

It is wild in Northants (Bedford purlieus) and Gloster.

Orv. XVI. HYPERICINE, DC.

HYPERICUM. L.
H. Androsemum, L. Tutsan.
Androsemum officinale, All. Top. Bot. 88. Syme, E. B. ii. 143. 264.
Bx. 39. Nym. 131.
Native. Sylvestral and septal. Woods and hedges. Local and rare.
P. June-August.

First record, Sib. 1794.

4. Ray. Above Upper Heyford, rare, Rev. E. Fox. Wood Eaton, Hb.
R. Linton.

6. Thame. Shotover Plantations, Sid. In a ditch on the top of
Shotover, a little before you come to the gate leading to Mr. Schutz’s,
Bx. in Walk. Thicket on Shotover, H. Bos. in Phyt. n. s. 4. 100.
Do. near the pond, H. Bos. 1859. North side of Shotover Hill, and
in lane leading from bottom of the hill to Horspath, and by the
side of a ditch near the old fish ponds, Bx. 1824-1831. See Bast.
Br. Pl. in his MSS. the South not the North side is given.

7. Thames. Stokenchurch, Nettlebed Woods, Sib. About Henley in
beech woods, 1831, Bz., Hb. Br. Mus., J. B. Benson. Highmoor,
1862, Maple Durham, H. Bos. Woods above Dashwood Hill, just
in Oxon.

Berks. Streatley, H. Bos. Cookham, Isley, Tidmarsh, and scattered
through the bordering counties. .

* H. calycinum, L. Rose of Sharon.
Comp. Cyb. 494. Syme, E. B. ii. 146. 267. Nym. 131.
Alien. Hedges and shrubberies. P. July—October.

First record, 7. Beesley, 1841.

3. Swere. Coppice on South of Shutford Lane, but hardly wild, Bees.
Hook Norton, Miss Hyde.

5, Isis. Blenheim planted, F. Rogers.

6. Thame. Thickets at Nuneham, H. Bos. Phyt. 4 n.s. 101. Escaped
from the not distant garden.
62, FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

7. Thames. Near Whitchurch, established, Newb./ Goring, Hb.
Lawson.

Berks. Buckland, introduced, H. Bos. Sulham Woods, F. Tufnail.
Isley, Hampstead Wood, Compt. Tidmarsh, Newb.

H. montanunm, L.

Top. Bot. 92. Syme, E. B. ii. 178. 275. Nym. 132.

Native. Sylvestral. Woods, on the chalk. Local. P. July-Sept.

First record, Stb. 1794.

7. Thames. Stokenchurch, Henley, Maple Durham, Sib. Wood nr.
Whitchurch, Phyt. 5. 155. Caversham, Hb. Br. Mus. col. J.
Carroll, 1849. Henley Park Hill, 1857, H. Bos. Betn. Caversham
and Maple Durham, F. A. Lees.‘ Lower Assenton, Bolton King.
Kidmore End, F. Tufnail. Sunley Wood, Penley Wood, Mongewell,
Nuffield, betn. Nettlebed and English Farm, Woods near Stoke Row,
Springwell Wood.

Berks. Bagley, H. Bos.1857. Bisham, Wargrave, Britten. Blewberry,
Newb. ;

Does not oceur in Warwick or Northants.

H. hirsutum, L. Hairy St. John’s Wort.

Top. Bot. gt. Syme, E. B. ii. 158. 274. Nym. 133.

Native. Sylvestral. Woods and Coppices. Rather common. P.

July—Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794.

2. Ouse. Ardley Wood.

3. Swere. Drayton, Guill. Hanwell, not common, Bees. Common
about Hook Norton, A. Fr. N. Newington, Broughton, T. Bees.

4. Ray. Stow Wood, Sib. Near Middleton Park, A. Fr. Headington
Wick, H. Bos. Kirtlington, Tackley, Middleton Stoney.

5. Isis. Tar Wood, Sib. Copse near Ashford Mill, Woods about
Church Handborough, Ba. Chipping Norton, Burford, A. Fr.
Wychwood, H. Bos. North Leigh, Charlbury, Blenheim, Bruern,
Stonesfield, most abundant in Wychwood.

6. Thame. LBetween Bullingdon Green and Shotover, Br. Near
Thame, replacing pulchrum, A. Fr. Nuneham, H. Bos. Cowley,
Wheatley, Dorchester.

7. Thames. Goring, Hb. Bx. Stokenchurch, Nuffield, Sunley Wood,

: Chinnor, etc., common.

Berks. Wytham, H. Bos. Bagley, Boar’s Hill, Marcham. More

common on the Chalk, Oolite, and Clay, than on Sandy soil.

H. pulchrum, L.
Top. Bot. 90. Syme, E. B. ii. 187. 273. Nym. 133.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 6 3

Native. Ericetal. Heathy places. Local, not common. P. June—

August.

First record, Sid. 1794.

1. Stour. Tadmarton.

2. Ouse. Finmere, R. Pryor. Hardwick Heath.

3. Swere. Hanwell Heath, Epwell Heath, 7’. Bees. /

4. Ray. Headington Wick Copse, 1831, Hb. Bx. Near Islip, H. Bos.
Beckley.

. Isis. South Leigh Heath, Sib. Wychwood, H. Bos. Southcombe,
7. Bees. North Leigh Common, Bruern, Finstock Heath.

6. Thame. Bullingdon! H. Bos. Culham, Nuneham, Railside
Wheatley, Shotover, South side.

7. Thames. Nettlebed, A. Fr. Stokenchurch, Hb. Bx. Henley,
Caversham, H. Bos. Penley Wood, Woodcote, Chinnor, Check-
endon, Mongewell, Crowsley, Withy Coppice, Binfield Heath,
Ibstone, Whitchurch, Cane End, Springwell Wood, Ipsden Wood.

Berks. Early Common, F. Tufnail. Boar’s Hill.

on

H. tetrapterum, Fries.

H. quadrangulare,L. Top. Bot. 88. Syme, E. B. ii. 152. 270. Nym.
133-

Native. Inundatal. Marshes, brooksides. Not uncommon. P. July—
September.

First record, J. J. Dillenius, about 1730.

1. Stour. Sibford.

2, Ouse. Mixbury.

3. Swere. Hanwell, Gull. Grimsbury, J. French. Somerton, Crop-
redy.

4. Ray. Replacing pulchrum, between Thame and Bicester, A. Fr.
Headington Wick Copse, Hb. Bx., 1831. Islip, H. Bos. Water
Eaton, Oddington, Marston, Heyford, Kirtlington, near Bicester.

5. Isis. Wolvercote, Hb. R. Linton. Freeland, Bruern, Charlbury,
Witney.

6. Thame. Shotover, Herb. Dillenius. Thame, Bullingdon Green,
Shotover Hill, Bx. Dorchester, Wheatley, etc.

7. Thames. Mongewell.

Berks. Pusey, H. Bos. Wytham, Frilford.

A hybrid between this and perfoliatum was found near Brackley by

Rev. H. Friend, it may be H. intermedium, Retz.

H. quadrangulum, LD.
H. dubium, Leers. Top. Bot. 89. Syme, E. B, ii. 151. 269. Nym.

133.
Native. Septal. Hedges, shady places. Local. P. July, Aug.

First record, Gulliver, 1841.
64 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

1. Stour. Near Tadmarton.

2. Ouse. Shelswell.

3. Swere. Near Adderbury, near Wroxton Mill, Gull. Oxford Road,
Andrew’s pit, Shutford Lane, it is not very unfrequent here, 7.
Beesley. Twyford Lane, A. Fr. Cropredy.

Var. H. maculatum, Cr.

3. Swere. Claydon Hill, 7. Bees.

Berks. Childswell Farm, Hb. Dill. Wytham; Northants (Coppice
Moor); Gloster; Warwick.

H. perforatum, L. St. John’s Wood.

Top. Bot. 88. Syme, E. B. ii. 148. 268. Nym. 133.
Native. Septal. Woods, hedges. Common and generally distributed.
P. July-Sept.

First record, Sf. 1794.

Var. H. angustifolium, Bab. H. microphyllum, Jord.

3. Swere. Somerton cutting.

7. Thames. The common form on'the lower Chalk as at Crowell, Nuf-
field, Ipsden, Grimsdyke, etc., and also in Berks. See Rep. of Rec.
Club, 1881.

HZ. lineolatum, Jord. also occurs; it is scarcely distinguishable from the

type.

H. humifusum, L. Creeping St. John’s Wort.

Top. Bot. go. Syme, E. B. ii. 155. 271. Nym. 134.

Native. Pascual. Heaths, pastures on gravelly soil. Local, rather
rare. P. June, July.

First record, Sib. 1794.

. Stour. Tadmarton Heath, A. Fr. /

Ouse. Finmere, R. C. Pryor.

. Swere. Wroxton Heath, Guill. Epwell Heath.

. Ray. Headington Wick, H. Bos. Beckley.

. Isis. South Leigh, 81d. North Leigh Common, Finstock Heath,

Bruern Wood.

6. Thame. Bullingdon Green, Sid. Roadside between Shotover Hill
and Cuddesdon! Walk. Fl. Nuneham Wood, J. French. Clifton
Heath. Top of Shotover, H. Bos.

7. Thames. Henley, H. Bos. Ibstone Common, Binfield Heath,
Chause Heath.

Berks. Powder Hill Copse! Bagley! H. Bos. Frilford.

oR WN Ee

[H. elodes, Huds. Marsh St. John’s Wort.

Elodes palustris, Nym. Syme, E. B. ii. 159, 286. P.
4. Ray. Headington Wick Copse, Rev. EH. Fox, 1857. Not there
now.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 65

Berks. Moors about Reading, Windsor Gt. Park, Brit. Bagley, Rer.
E. Fox. Bulmersh Park, F. Tufnail. Bagshot Heath, Dill. Ray.
Crookham Common, Hb. Stubbs. Sunninghill, Hb. Br. Mus.
Watson. Snelsmore Common, Newb.

Bucks, Warwick, Coleshill Pool.

Orp. XV. ACERINEZ, DC.

ACER, L.

* A. Pseudo Platanus, L. Sycamore.

Alien. Comp. Cyb. 494. Syme, E. B. ii. 230.320. Nym. 135.

Woods, hedges. Naturalized. T. May, June.

First record, Plot, 1677, a variegated Sycamore in Magd. Coll. Grove,
afterwards transplanted to the Physic Garden.

The Sycamore occurs in all the districts, and often, as in Shotover Plant-
ations, with Xylonia acerinum, Grev, and EHrinewm acerinum.

Although originally a planted tree, self-sown specimens may be noticed
in various parts of the county.

A. campestre, L. The Maple.

Top. Bot.93. Syme, E. B. ii. 232. 321. Baxt.98. Nym. 135.

Native. Hedges, woods, etc. T. Common and generally distributed.
May, June.

First record, Sib. 1794.

Orv. XVIII. HIPPOCASTANEA, DC.

* Zisculus Hippocastanum, LD, Horse Chestnut.
Alien. Frequently planted, self-sown seeds by roadside near Banbury,
A. Fr.

Orp. XIX. GERANIACE, DC.

GERANIUM. L.

G. pratense, L. Meadow Crane’s-bill.

Top. Bot. 95. Syme, E. B. ii. 195.297. Baxt. 30. Nym. 136.

Native. Pratal. Moist meadows, not unfrequent. P. June—Aug.

First record, Sib. 1794.

2. Ouse. Mixbury! between Stoke and Hethe Brand, G. Woodward
in Ba.

3. Swere. Rather common, brookside near Grimsbury, between Little
Bourton and Huscot, Gull. Mill meadow, not uncommon, Bees.
Bloxham, Miss Rusher. Lower Tadmarton, Hb. HE. Walford. Ded-
dington, Somerton, Swalecliffe.

F
66 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

4, Ray. Marston, Sib. Morrell’s meadows, Headington Hill, Walk.
Fl. Field near Parson’s Pleasure, T. Thurland. Islip, Bicester,
Thrupp, H. Bos. About Steeple Aston, Miss <Armetriding.
Abundant in meadows near the Cherwell, between Tackley and
Northbrook, and also about Upper Heyford, Bx. MSS. Cherwell
side near Marston, and generally common in the Cherwell Valley.

5. Isis. South Leigh, Sib. Between the Diamond House and the
Woodstock Road, Ba. in Walk. Near Bladon, Mr. EH. Forster,
Jun. in Bot. Guide. Wychwood, Hb. R. Linton. Wolvercote,
Bladon, Garsington, H. Bos. Cornbury Park, Handborough, near
King’s Lock, Burford, Bruern, Tangley, near Ashford Mill, ete.

6. Thame. Common about Oxford, W. 7. Dyer. St. Clement's, Sib.
Thame, Hb. Bx. Albury, Clifton Hampden, Nuneham, Dorchester,
Wheatley.

7. Thames. Henley, Jos, Woods. Caversham, Phyt. v. 155, Hd.
Lawson. Goring, Little Stoke, Maple Durham.

Berks. §. Hinksey, Cumnor, Bessilsleigh, Appleton, Bx. Kennington,
H. E. Garnsey. Marcham, etc.

With white flowers near Cornbury Park.

[G. sylvaticum, DL. Wood near Middleton, Warwickshire, 1866.]

** G. striatum, DL. Nym. 137.

Alien. Near Bampton, introduced.

* G. Phaeum, L.

Alien. Comp. Cyb. Br. 495. Syme, E. B. ii. 193. 294. Nym. 137.
May, June.

5. Isis. Near Wilcote, Bolton King.

Berks. Remenham Lane, Hb. Stubbs. Adbury, Newb.

Northants, Aynhoe railside. Warwick.

G. perenne, Huds. Mountain Crane’s-bill.
G. pyrenaicum, Burm. Top. Bot. 96. Syme, E. B. ii. 196. 298. Nym.
137.

Native. Viatical. Roadsides, ete. Locallycommon. P. June—Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794.

2. Ouse. Mixbury.

3. Swere. Saw-pit Draper’s Road, Banbury, 4. Fr. Swerford, FE. A.
Walford.

4. Ray. By the Parks, near Holywell Church, Sib. Back of St. John’s
Coll., Mr. Woodward in Sm. Eng. Fl. Has been classed as a
denizen, though in abundance on the eastern side of Oxford, Maz-
well T. Masters, Phyt. n.s. ti. 133. Between Oxford and Wood-
stock, A. Fr. Near Elsfield, Hb. Br. Mus. Rev. W. M. Hind,
1857. Between Headington and Barton, 1831, Be. Bayswater !
H, Bos. Marston to Wood Eaton, etc.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 67

5. Isis. ‘Beyond Heyfields’ Hut, Bz. 1850. Woodstock, H. Bos.
Port Meadow.

6. Thame. St. Clement’s to Cowley, 1828, Cheney Lane, 1841, Head-
ington, 1831, etc., Bx., do. in Purton. Wheatley, Iffley, etc.

7. Thames. Between Caversham and Henley, abundant between
Shiplake and Henley! A. Fr, Near Sonning.

Berks. Hinksey, Cumnor, H. Bos. Tubney, Cotham with pale pink
flowers, Bessilsleigh.

G. columbinum, L.

Top. Bot. 98. Syme, E. B. ii. 201. 302. Nym. 138.

Native. Glareal and agrestal. Fields and dry stony places. Local.
A. June—Oct.

First record, J. Bobart, 1680, and first as s British plant. Geran. col-
umbinum fol. imis longis usquead pediculum diver. In agro et pratis Oxon.
circum a Jac. Bobart. Morison, ii. 475.

1. Stour. Tadmarton Heath, Hb. Br. Mus., A. Fr.

3. Swere. Hooknorton, A. Fr., 1875. Bodicote! south of Aynhoe

Station, abundant, T. Bees. Shutford.

4, Ray. Headington Wick Copse, near path between Tagg’s Farm and
Forest Hill, Walk. Fl. Field about bog near Stow Wood, R. Walker.
Plentiful between Tackley and Kirtlington in railway cutting.

5. Isis. Between Witney and Burford, Sib. Charlbury and Enstone,
A. Fr. Lees Rest, T. Westcombe. Handborough, Br. Wychwood,
Hb. Lawson. Stonesfield, Minster Lovell.

. Thame. Cowley, Sib. Cheney Lane, Bx. in Purton. Shotover, Br.

7. Thames. Henley, A. Fr. Caversham, Newb./ Goring, Maple
Durham, Ipsden, Crowell Hill.

Berks. Jenny Bunting’s Parlour, H. Bos. Old Eynsham Road, Bz.
Wytham, Rev. #. Fox. Cumnor! Sonning railway, F. Tufail.

References to Oxford will be found in the three editions of Ray, in the
Stirpium, in Gough’s Camden, Martyn, etc.

Dp

G. dissectum, L.

Top. Bot. 98. Syme, E. B. ii. 200. 302. Nym. 138. Plot. Tab. g. f. 4.

Native. Agrestal and septal. Cornfields, hedgebanks, etc. Rather
common. B, May-Aug. ;

First record, Plot, 1677, and first as British, Geraniwm columbinum maz.
foliis dissectis. The Greatest Dove’s foot Crane’s-bill with dissected leaves.
With plate.

1, Stour. Tadmarton.

2. Ouse. Mixbury, Ardley.

3. Swere. Roadsides, Banbury, Gull. Hardwick, R. French. With
white blossoms on towing-path at Bodicote Grange, T. Bees. Blox-
ham.

F2
68 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

4, Ray. Marston, Plot, do. in Ray’s Syn., Gough, etc. Near Oxford,
Hb. Br. Mus. Sir Josh. Banks. Summertown, Hb. R. Linton. Els-
field. In the Parks, Bx. 1819, Purton. Gibraltar, Thrupp, H. Bos.
Blackthorn, Bicester.

5. Isis. Botley Causey, Plot. About Walcot sparingly, Blackstone,

_ 1737. Port Meadow, H. Bos. Stonesfield, Handborough.

6. Thame. . Cheney Lane, 1820; Thame, Hb. Ba.

7. Thames. Goring, Mongewell, Watlington, Cane End, Caversham,
ete.

Berks. Wootton, Hinksey, Frilford.

Sibthorp quotes Plot’s plant as var. 0. of G. dissectum, but it fairly
represents the type. White-flowered forms are rare.

G. molle, L. Dove's foot Cranes-bill.

Top. Bot. 98. Syme, E. B. ii. 177. 299. Nym. 138.

Native. Agrestal. Abundant in cornfields, waysides, etc., throughout
the county. A. April—Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794, and var. alba cornfields between Witney and
Burford.

The flowers vary from white to light purple, and the extremes of colour
are occasionally seen growing together, a fact showing that soil and situation
are not the influencing factors in colour development.

G. rotundifolium, LD.

Top. Bot. 97. Syme, E. B. ii. 199. 301. Nym. 138.
Native. Rupestral and glareal. Walls and dry banks. Local. A.
May-July.

First record, Sib. 1794. Noticed also in Martyn, Gough, Purton, etc.

4, Ray. On walls in and about Oxford, Bot. Guide, Mr. T. F. Foster,
jun. Near Oxford, Hb. Br. Mus. Col. Rev. A. Bloxam. Stow
Wood, H. Bos. Stanton St. John, Tackley, Kirtlington.

5. Isis. About Stonesfield, Px. MSS. 1831. Woodstock, Witney,
Handborough, Charlbury.

6. Thame. Iffley, Hd. Br. Mus. Col. W. T. Dyer. Cheney Lane, Bz.
Between the Asylum and Shotover, Headington Hill, 1849. With
Dothidia Geranii, Fr. about Oxford, Bx. MSS. Bullingdon, H. E£.
Garnsey. Cowley, Horsepath, Gt. Haseley, Gt. Milton, Littlemore
railside abundant.

Berks. South Hinksey, Sunningwell, H. Bos. Between Sonning and
Twyford, Melville. Northants, about Harleston and Brampton.
Not recorded for Bucks or Warwick.

The leafy rosettes of this plant, some 5 or 6 inches across, may be seen
in December. It has been noticed with white flowers, near Cowley.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 69

G. pusillum, Burm.

Top. Bot. 97. Syme, E. B. ii. 198. 300. Nym. 138.
Native. Agrestal. Sides of fields, cultivated ground. Local. June—
Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794. G. parviflorum, Curtis.

1. Stour. Tadmarton Heath, T. Bees. 1859.

3. Swere. Broughton, 4. Fr. Bloxham, E. Walford. Worton Wood
side, R. French.

4. Ray. Headington Wick, Sib. Elsfield, H. Bos. Stow Wood.

5. Isis. Banks of canal beyond High Bridge, Sib. Stonesfield, T.
Beesley. Wolvercote.

6. Thame. Bullingdon, H. Bos. Near Cowley Marsh, H. E. Garnsey.

Cuddesdon.
7. Thames. Watlington, Ewelme, H. Bos. Caversham, Newb. Bin-
field.

Berks. S. Hinksey, Bz. Sonning railside, F. Tufnail. Frilford.

G. lucidum, ZL.

Top. Bot. 99. Syme, E. B. ii. 202. 304. Nym. 138.
Native. Rupestral and septal. Hedgerows, old walls. Local, not
common. A. May-Aug.
First record, Geran. annuwm rotundifol. montanum sazatile lucidum
iter. passim in subgrundiis Oxoniensis. Morison, 1680.
3. Swere. Opposite Bodicote Road, rare, Bees. Lane leading from
Bodicote to Mr. Williams’, Gull. Between Bodicote and Adderbury,
ditch in cornfield, Hb. Br. Mus. A. French, 1875.
4. Ray. Heyford, Rev. E. Fox. Marston, Wood Eaton, Noke.
6. Thame. Cowley, Cheney Lane, 8b. Headington, Hb. Lawson.
7. Thames. Assenton towards Henley.

Berks. Hinksey, H. Bos. Hagbourne and Blewberry, Newb. Wootton.

G. robertianum, L. Herb Robert.

Top. Bot. 100. Syme, E. B. ii. 203. 305. Nym. 138.

Native. Viatical. Hedges, woods, etc. Common and generally distri-
buted. B. May-Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794.

Rarely with white flowers. A densely hairy form with foliage and
stems of dark red colour, and with smaller flowers, very similar to the
maritime form, has been seen on the stony débris from the slate quarries
at Stonesfield [and also on a wall-top at Compton, in Berkshire].

ERODIUM. I Her.

** E. maritimum, l’ Her.
Alien. A weed in Bot. Garden. Quite naturalized.
70 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

* EB. moschatum, I’ Her. Musk Stork’s-bill.

Comp. Cyb. Br. 132. Syme, E. B. ii. 208. 308. Nym.139. Baxt. 362-

Casual. Waste places. Very rare. A.or B. June.

First record, Dr. Goodenough Bishop of Carlisle, in Sm. Fl. Br. 1800.

6. Thame. Shotover, Dr. Goodenough in Bot. Guide, Smith, Fl. Br.,
Arnott’s Flora, do. Dr, Williams, Prof. Bot. 1831. From some
garden probably. Found in and near Oxford occasionally, R. W.,
Hb. Lawson, Walker's spec. I have observed it once or twice
about Oxford, but in places where it had no doubt escaped from
gardens, Br. Br. Pl.

Northants, casual. Gloster W. native (?). Warwick.

E. cicutarium, 7’ Her. Stork’s-biil.

Top. Bot. 94. Syme, E. B. ii. 207. 307. Nym. 110.

Native. Glareal. Sandy fields, wall tops, etc. Widely distributed.

A.or B. April-Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794.

1. Stour. Tadmarton Heath.

2. Ouse. Hethe.

8. Swere. Near Adderbury, on a wall at Bodicote, N. Newington,
Wroxton, Gull. Broughton, Rees. Limestone fields above Lower
Tadmarton, 7. Bees.

4. Ray. Stow Wood, Headington Wick, Islip, H. Bos. Heyford,
Rev. E. Fox. Water Eaton, Stanton St. John, Middleton
Stoney.

5. Isis. Charlbury, Wilcote, Handborough.

6. Thame. Bullingdon, H. Bos. Thame, Hb. Bx. Shotover.

7. Thames. Woodcote.

Berks. Boar’s Hill, Wootton, Frilford.

Var. £. pimpinellefolium, Sib. (species). E. commutatum, Jord. (2).

Native. Sandy fields. Local. A. or B. June—Sept.

First record, $b. 1794, and first as British.

4. Ray. Headington! Sib. Stow Wood, Weston-on-the-Green.

5. Isis. Charlbury railside.

6. Thame. Cowley! Sid.

OXALIS. L.
O. Acetosella, L. Wood Sorrel.
Top. Bot. 101. Nym.141. Syme, E. B. ii, 211. 310. Bx. 327.
Native. Sylvestral. Woods, thickets. Widely distributed.
April-Aug.
First record, Sir Jos. Banks, 1760.
3. Swere. Wroxton, Hooknorton, Bees. Bloxham, R. French.
4. Bay. Bletchingdon, Stow Wood, H. Bos. Oxford, Sir Jos. Banks.
Noke.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 71

5. Isis. Ditchley, H. Bos. Bladon, Wychwood, Handborough, Bruern.
In Wychwood it occurred on a tree trunk about 4 feet from ground.

6. Thame. Shotover, Dr. Williams /

7. Thames. Stokenchurch, Hh. Br. Nettlebed, A. Fr. Chinnor,
Mongewell, abundant in most of the Chiltern Woods.

Berks. Cumnor, H. Bos. Bagley.

** Q. stricta, Z. Nym.141. Syme, E. B. ii. 214. 312.
Casual. Old garden wall behind Holywell St., Oxford, Hb. Lawson.
Weed in Holywell gardens, Rev. H. EH. Fox. Weed in Botanic Garden.

IMPATIENS. L:

*I, parviflora, DC.

Comp. Cyb. Br: 496. Casual, Oxford. Syme, E. B. ii. 218. 315.
Nym. 141. July-Nov.

Casual. An ineradicable weed in the Botanic Garden, Lond. Bot. Ex.
Club Report, 1867, W. T. Dyer. Cowley Place and Long Meadow,
abundant, H. Bos. 1862, 1864. Waste ground, St. Clement’s, garden weed
in Norham Gardens.

Orp. XX. CELASTRINES, Br.

EUVONYMUS. L.
E. vulgaris, Scop. Spindle-tree.

Ei. europeus, L. Top. Bot. 101. Syme, E. B. ii. 225. 317. Nym. 144.

Bx. 123.

Native. Septal. Woods, hedges, ete. Not uncommon. Shrub.

May, June.

First record, Sib. 1794.

2. Ouse. Stoke Lyne, Z. Fry, Esq. Tusmore, eight miles on the Bicester
Road, R. C. Pryor. Ardley.

8. Swere. Bretch, Crouch Lane, A. Fr. Bloxham Road, Hardwick
Hill, Bodicote, Broughton Road, 7. Bees.

4, Ray. Headington Copse and Wick, between Oxford and Summertown,
Bz. Bicester, H. Bos. Marston Meadows, Beckley, Kirtlington,
Tackley, Bletchingdon.

5. Isis. In lane leading from Botley Road to Binsey, 8b./ Between
North Leigh and Ashford Mill, Bx. Wychwood, Hb. Lawson /
Freeland, Ditchley, Lees Rest Wood, Church Handborough.

. Thame. Hedges near Shotover with Hrysiphe comata, 1826, Br.

. Thames. Caversham, Newb. WNettlebed, common by roadsides,
A. Fr. Abundant on the chalk, especially the northern slopes, as at
Goring, Mongewell, Watlington, Grimes Dyke, Ipsden Well Place,
Aston Wood, Great Wood, Hill Wood, Penley Wood, ete.

Berks. Between 8. Hinksey and Bagley, Bxr./ Cumnor, Bagley,

H. Bos. Lowbury, Moulsford, Tubney, etc.

NOD
7% FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

ILEX. L.

I. Aquifolinm, LD. Holly.

Top. Bot. 274. Syme, E. B. ii. 219. 316. Nym.144. Bx. 262.

Native. Woods and hedges. Local. Tree. May—Aug.

First record, Sib. 1794.

2. Ouse. Ardley, the Holly tree; probably not native in this district.

3. Swere. Gt. Tew, A. Fr.

4. Ray. LElsfield, Beckley, Tackley.

5. Isis. North Leigh to Ashford Mill, Bx. MSS./.| Wychwood, H. Bos. /
Dean, T. Bees. Charlbury, Freeland, Stonesfield, Finstock, Minster
Lovell, Widley Wood near Burford, Ditchley, Wilcote, Cornbury,
native.

. Thame. Shotover, Sib. Near Woodperry, A. Fr.

. Thames. Bix, Nettlebed, A. Fr. Caversham, Newb. Beacon Hill,
Checkendon, Chinnor, abundant from Binfield to Cane End and
thence to Goring. Fine trees in Woods Ipsden Heath, entire
leaved form at Fawley and Ibstone.

Berks. Boar’s Hill, native. Bucks, Fawley, etc. Northants, rare.

Gloster, Warwick.

ND

Ozp. XXI. RHAMNEA, Br.

RHAMNUS. L.

(BR. Frangula, LD. Berry bearing Alder.
Berks. One or two bushes by Loddon River below Loddon Bridge,
Earley, F. A. Lees. Sunninghill, Baker. Coleman’s Moor, Phyt.

Bucks, Warwick locally common. Gloster W., Northants, very rare.]

R. catharticus, LD. Buckthorn.

Top. Bot. 102. Syme, E. B. ii. 226. 318. Nym. 145.

Native. Septal. Woods and hedgerows. Common throughout the
county. Shrub. May, June.

First record, Blackstone, 1737. Rhamnus catharticus, J. B.

Orv. XXII. PAPILIONACEA, L.

ULEX. L.
U. europaeus, L. Furze. Gorse.
Top. Bot. 103. Syme, E. B. iii. 4. 323. Baxt. 93. Nym. 149.
Native. Ericetal, pascual. Heaths and dry pastures, Occurs in all the
districts. Shrub, Feb,-April, Aug., Sept.
First record, Sib. 1794.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 73

U. Gallii, Planch.

Syme, E. B. iii. 6. 324. Nym. 148.

First record, the Author, 1882.

Native. Ericetal. Heaths end commons. Very local. Shrub.
July-Oct.

5. Isis. North Leigh Heath.

7. Thames. Near Woodcote and between Woodcote and Goring.

Berks. Frilford, Gloster W., Warwick.

U. nanus, Forst. Dwarf Furze.

Syme, E. B, iii. 7.325. Nym. 148.

Native. Ericetal. Heathy places. Local. Shrub. July-Oct.

First record, Rev. E. Fox, 1850.

1. Stour. Tadmarton Heath, A. Fr. !

3. Swere. Epwell Heath, R. French.

5. Isis. Wychwood, Rev. EB. Fox.

7. Thames. Binfield Heath, Rep. of Rec. Club, 1881

Berks. Bagshot Heath, Watson. Sunninghill, Hb. Br. Mus. Earley
Common, F. Tufnail. Bucks, Napford Common. Northants,
Harleston Heath. Gloster W. (2).

SAROTHAMNUS. Wimm.

8. vulgaris, Wimm. Broom.
Cytisus scoparius, Link. Top. Bot, 103. Syme, E. B. iii. g. 328. Nym.
149. Baxt. 84.

Native. Sylvestral and ericetal. Sandy places. Rare as a native
plant. Shrub. May, June.

First record, Sib. 1794. Spartiwm Scoparium, L.

1, Stour. Tadmarton Heath, Hb. A. Fr./ Bees.

3. Swere. Gt. Tew, A. Fr.

4. Ray. Middleton Stoney, Rogers. Woodstock! Prof. Daubeny, 1841.
Islip, Rev. Moyle Rogers.

5. Isis. Blenheim.

6. Thame. Albury, Nuneham.

7. Thames. Henley, Sib. Stokenchurch, 2b. Ba. Caversham, Newb.
Binfield, Crowsley, near Dyson’s Wood, Shirburn.

Berks. Bagley, Br. Wootton, H. Bos.

GENISTA. L.
G. anglica, L. Needle Furze.

Top. Bot. 104. Syme, E. B. iii. 8.326. Nym. 150.
Native. Ericetal. Heaths, very rare or extinct. Shrub. June.

First record, Sib. 1794.
74 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

5. Isis. Kidlington Common, Eynsham Heath, Sib. Wychwood, Rev.
E. Fon.

6. Thame. Baldon Heath, Prof. Daubeny, May 23, 1839.

Berks. Beyond Childswell Farm, Walk. Cookham Down, Phyt. 1.
o. s. Pangbourne Marsh, F. Towndrow. Bucks, Northants,
extinct. Warwick, Gloster W.

G. tinctoria, L. Dyers Green-weed.

Top. Bot. 105. Syme, E. B. iii.9. 328. Nym. 153. Bx. 84.

Native. Pascual. Rough pastures and wood borders. Local and rare.

Small shrub, July, Aug.

First record, Sib. 1794.

8. Swere. Near Hornton. Valley between Newington and Balscot,
Gull. Near Somerton.

4. Ray. Under Headington Wick Copse, Sib. Headington Copse near
Marston Lane; on a Common between Upper Heyford and Somerton
about 14 miles from Oxford, Bx. Br. Pl. Near Blackthorn, H. Bos.
Abundant in Somerton Railway cutting, and by Canal side above
Upper Heyford.

5. Isis. South Leigh, Sid.

7. Thames. Henley, Sib. Caversham, J. Carrol, 1849! Half mile
south of Maple Durham! F. A. Lees. Goring.

Berks. Beyond 8. Hinksey, Bx. Bablock Hithe, Didcot, H. Bos.
Between Bradley and Deadman’s Farm, T. Thurland. Blewberry
Downs, Hampstead Norris, Newb. Burghfield, Mortimer, F. Tufnail.
Cumnor Hurst, F. T. Richards.

** Cytisus Laburnum, LZ. The Laburnum.

Alien. Gt. Tew, A. Fr. Woodstock and elsewhere, frequent as a

planted tree.
ONONIS. L.

O. arvensis, L. Rest Harrow.

Top. Bot. 105. Syme, E. B. iii. 15. 330. Nym.161. Baxt. 289.
Native. Glareal. Dry fields, etc. Not uncommon. P. May-—Aug.
First record, Ononis purpur. repens non spinosa precipue circa Oxon.
Morison, ii. 171, 1680.
1. Stour. Tadmarton, A. Fr. Stourwell.
. Ouse. Mixbury.
. Swere. Common, Beesley. Bretch, A. Fr. Hanwell, R. French.
. Ray. Kirtlington, Tackley, Wood Eaton.
. Isis. Charlbury, Rev. R. Linton. Church Handborough, Bx. USS.
Bladon, Burford, Fawler, Brize Norton, ete.
6. Thame. Cowley Marsh, Hd. Bx. Sandford, var. alba, H. Bos.
Horsepath, Wheatley, Headington Quarries.
7. Thames. Stokenchurch, Hb. Bx. Ipsden.

op cb
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 75

Berks. Wootton.
A spinous form occurs, and is sometimes mistaken for campestris.

O. campestris, K. Z. Field Rest Harrow.

O. spinosa, L. Top. Bot. 106. Syme, E. B. iii. 15. 330. Bx. 289.
Nym. 162.

Native. Pascual. Barren pastures, etc. Not uncommon. P. June-—
September.

First record, Sib. 1794.

8. Swere. Wroxton Mill, Gull. Coombe, nr. Adderbury, rare, Bees.
Hanwell Heath, A Fr. Fritwell, T. Bees.

4, Ray. Common by Canal side half a mile north of Upper Heyford !
Be. 1831. Cross roads between Middleton Stoney and Bicester,
A. Fr. Var. alba, Upper Heyford, Bu. Br. Pl. Summertown, Rev.
R. Linton. Charlton and Fencott, occasionally, Rev. W. Moyle
Rogers. Horton, Beckley, Marston.

5. Isis. Between Woodstock and Bladon, H. Bos. Southcombe, T. Bees.

6. Thame. Shotover, H. Bos. ! Cowley Marsh, H. E: Garnsey ! Between
Sandford and Nuneham, var. alb. Mr. J. Smith in Bx. Near Tid-
dington, A. Fr. Headington, Dorchester.

7. Thames. Beacon Hill, Nettlebed.

Berks. Wootton, Boar’s Hill.

The names of our Ononis appear to require revision.

ANTHYLLIS. L.
A. vulneraria, L. Lady’s Fingers.

Top. Bot. 106. Syme, E. B. iii. 19. 333. Bx. 397. Nym. 164.
Native. Pascual. Dry calcareous ground. Local. P. May—Aug.
First record, Blackstone, 1737. Anthyl. leguminosa, Ger.

1. Stour. Tadmarton Heath.

2. Swere. Horley, Gull. Bretch, Shutford Lane, Horley, rare, Bees.
Deddington (!), Swalecliffe, Wiggington Heath, 7. Bees. Stonepit
below Claydon Hill.

4. Ray. Near Rousham, between Upper Heyford and Kirtlington,
Bu. MSS.! Bayswater, H. Bos. Headington, Walk. Islip.

5. Isis. Burford Downs, Sib. Between Church Handborough and Mill,
1833, between Eynsham and Church Handborough, between Stones-
field and Woodstock, between Witney and Burford, Bx. In Ascot
field, abundantly, and other places, Blackstone MSS. Witney, H.
Bos. Burford, Minster Lovell, Lyneham Camp, Tainton, Stonesfield,
abundant in railway cutting near Stonesfield.

6. Thame. Headington, Walk. Bullingdon, Sib.! H. Bos. Little-
more.

7. Thames. Stokenchurch Hill! $id. Goring, Swincombe Downs, H.
76 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Bos. Mongewell, Beacon Hill, Ewelme Common, Grime’s Dyke,
Chinnor, Ipsden, Crowmarsh, Penley Wood, Chinnor Hill, common
on the Chalk.

Berks. Streatley, H. Bos. Frilford, Pangbourne.

MEDICAGO. L.
*M. falcata, Z. Syme, E. B. iii. 23. 335. Nym. 167.
Casual. Waste ground near Oxford, Bolton King, 1881. Huscot Hill,
near Banbury, T. Brayne, 1820.

* M. sativa, L. Purple Medick. Lucerne.

Cyb. Br, i. 283. Syme, E. B. iii. 21. 334. Bx. 329. Nym. 166.

Alien. Fields, railsides, and waste places. P. May-July.

3. Swere. Foot-road to Drayton, T. Lees.

4, Ray. Occurs in several places. It appears to have established
itself and assumed a wild aspect in some broken limestone ground
near Stow Wood, H. Bos. in Phyt. n. 8. vol. iv. 101. Charlton,
Rev. W. Moyle Rogers. Islip.

5. Isis. Charlbury.

6. Thame. Near railway, Thame, A. Fr. Wheatley, Great Haseley,
Bullingdon.

7. Thames. Mongewell, Goring, South Stoke.

Berks. Moulsford, Basildon.

* M. arabica, All.

M. maculata, Sib. Syme, E. B. iii, 26. 339. Nym. 169. Top. Bot. 107.

Alien, Waste places. Rare or extinct. A. June.

Banks of field near Physic Garden, Sid. 232. Ch. Ch. Meadow, Bz.

Between St. Clement’s and Iffley, R. Walker. Destroyed 1867.

Northants, Nene side, Duston. Gloster W., Avon side, Clifton. War-

wick.

[M. denticulata, W.

Appears as a casual by the Nene banks, Northants, and near Kenilworth,

Warwick. ]

M. lupulina, LZ. Black Medick. Trefoil.

Top. Bot. 107. Syme, E. B. iii. 25. 337. Nym. 170.

Native. Agrestal. Fields and waysides. Common and generally dis-
tributed. A. or B. May—Aug.

First record, Sid. 1794.

It has sometimes foliaceous calyces. In dry situations a densely pubes-
cent form occurs which may be worth varietal distinction.

TRIGONELLA. L.
+ T. ornithopodioides, DC.
Syme, E. B. iii. 35. 345. Nym. 171.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. a7.

Ambiguity. Fenugrecum humile repens ornithopodtis siliquis brevibus
erectis, Ray’s Stirp. 1688. Synopsis, ed. i. ii. and iii. with plate. ‘Near
Oxford in the like ground’ (hilly cornfields). Record copied in Hudson,
Smith, Fl. Br., Eng. Fl., Bot. Guide, New do., Gough's Camden, Martyn,
ete.

Sibthorp omits it, and there is no more recent record than the one
quoted above.

Shotover, Stow Wood border, and the sandy heaths have been vainly
searched for it.

Berks. Greenham Common, Newb. Gloster W.

** T. foenum grecum, L. Comp. Cyb. 498. Fcenugreek.
Casual. One plant, side of G. W. Railway. Little Bourton, A. Fr.
Waste ground, G. W. Station, Oxford. Not even naturalized,

MELILOTUS, Juss.
M, altissima, Thuill. Melilot.
M. officinalis, Willd. Top. Bot. 108. Syme, E. B. iii. 29. 341. Nym.
172. Bx. 363.

Native. Viatical, septal. Fields, roadsides, newly turned-up ground,

railsides, etc. A. June-Aug.

Not uncommon, and I think native.

First record, 1657, Wm. Coles in ‘ Adam in Eden.

3. Swere. Tadmarton, H. Walford. Hardwick Hill, R. French.
Deddington, Canal side towards Franklin’s Knob, A, Fr. Near
Somerton, Bz. MSS.

4, Ray. Between the foot of Headington Hill and Oxford, Wm. Coles.
Marston Lane, Bx. 1827. Noke, Beckley, Kirtlington, etc.

5, Isis. Lane going to Binsey! Sib. Between Cassington and Church
Handborough, Ba. 1833. Wolvercote, H. Bos. Curbridge, F.
Westell. Stonesfield, Bladon, Mill Wood, Oxford, Handborough rail-
side.

6. Thame. Cowley field, Bx. 1831. Thame, one or two miles on the
Oxford Road, A. Fr., do. Hb. Bz. Iffley, Newb. Nuneham, Bright-
well, near Thame, H. Bos. Wheatley, Littlemore, Wheatley rail-
side.

Berks. Between S. Hinksey and Childswell Farm, Bz. Blewberry,
Newb. Wittenham, by Day’s Lock.

* M. alba, Desr. White Melilot.

Comp. Cyb. 140. Syme, E, B. ii. 31. 342. Nym.172. Top. Bot. 109.
M. leucantha, Koch. M. vulgaris, Willd.

Colonist. Waste places, garden ground, Rare. B. July, Aug.
First record, Beesley, 1841.

3. Swere. Farm field, very rare, 7. Beesley.
48 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

4. Ray. Heyford, Rev. E. Fou.

5. Isis. A casual in garden near the old church tower (miscalled the
Keep) of the Castle, 1876, W. Whitwell. Waste ground near the
station, 1884; mud dredged from the river, Osney.

Berks, Hinksey. Northants.

** M. indica, All.

M. parviflora, Dsf. Comp. Cyb. 498. Syme, E. B. iii. 33. 344.

Casual. Canal side, Bodicote, A. Fr.

[M. officinalis, D. M. arvensis, Wall.

Berks. Chalkpit between Wargrave and Henley, Britten. Gloster E.,
Warwick, casual.]

TRIFOLIUM, L.

T. medium, Huds. Zigzag Clover.

Top. Bot. 110. Syme, E. B. iii. 40. 348. Nym. 173.

Native. Pratal. Dry pastures on calcareous or gravelly soil. Local

and rather rare. P. June—Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794, p. 229.

2. Ouse. Mixbury, near the river on a dry bank.

4. Ray. Headington Wick and Stow Wood, H. Bos.! Railway cut-
ting near Tackley fine specimens.

5. Isis. Between Woodstock and Enstone, South Leigh, Sib. Stonesfield.

6. Thame. Right-hand side of road going up north side of Shotover
from Headington Quarry, nearly opposite the spring, Bx. MSS.
1831.

7. Thames. Caversham Meadows, F. Tufnazt.

Berks. South Hinksey, Br. MSS. Wargrave, Melv. Near Reading,
F. Tufnail.

T. pratense, LD. Red Clover.

Top. Bot. 110. Syme, E. B. iii. 37. 347. Nym.173. Baxt. 253.

Native. Pratal. Meadows and pastures. Common and generally dis-
tributed. A. or P. May-Sept.

? First record, Merrett, 1666. TT. pratense capite sertaceo [setaceo].
‘In the meadows seven miles on this side Oxford.’

Much sown for fodder, but the wild plant is also of frequent occurrence.
The flowers of the fodder plant, ZT. sativum, Mill., vary in colour from
white to purplish red. The wild state rarely produces white flowers.

*@lincarnatum, L. + Crimson Clover.

Comp. Cyb. Br. 498. Syme, E. B. iii. 44. 352. Nym. 174.

Alien. Field borders, etc., a stray from cultivation. Rare. A. May-
August.

3. Swere. Crouch Hill, A. Fr., Milton, E. Walford.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 79

4, Ray. It appears to have established itself and assumed a wild
aspect in some broken limestone ground near Stow Wood, H. Bos-
well in Phyt.iv. 101. 1860. First record.

6. Thame. Near Bensington, Bullingdon, white and réd,

7. Thames. South Stoke.

Berks. Frilford, Twyford, white flowers.

Frequently cultivated on the Lower greensand, the fields presenting a
most beautiful appearance when in full flower. A white variety was
noticed near South Stoke, but in other respects it was typical. Similar
plants also occurred at Bullingdon.

T. arvense, L. Haresfoot Trefoil.

Top. Bot. 111. Syme, E. B. iii. 46. 354. Nym.175.

Native. Glareal. Sandy fields. Local and rare. A. June—Sept.

First record, Plot, 1677. Lagopus major vulgaris, Park.

3. Swere. Walls at Shenington, Gull. Banbury churchyard, Bretch,
A. Fr. Lower Tadmarton, Epwell Heath, T. Bees. Shutford.

4, Ray. Stow Wood, plentifully, and other places, Plot; there in 1884,
but scarce. Headington, Sib. Elsfield, Islip, Headington Wick!
H. Bos. Between New Inn and Beckley, Bz.

6. Thame. Near Bullingdon Green, cornfields south of Asylum, Bz.

Berks. Wootton, H. Bos. Sunningwell, Tubney, Frilford.

T. scabrum, L. Rough Trefoil.

Top. Bot. 112. Syme, E. B. iii. 49. 357. Nym. 176.

Native. Glareal. Dry banks and sandy fields. Local and rare. A.

May-—Aug.

First record, Sib. 1794.

8. Swere. Bretch, Bees. /

4. Ray. Fields opposite Stow Wood, F. T. Richards, M.A.!

5. Isis. Near Jericho, on the roadside going to Port Meadow, Sib.,
do. Bx. 1819, in Purton. App. now extinct. Stonesfield, H. Bos.

6. Thame. Between Cheney Lane and Shotover Hill, Bx. 1819 tn
Purton, do.in Hb. Br. In old stonepits between Headington Quarry
and London road, 1823. South side of Shotover near the road, 1823.
Old stonepits Bullingdon Green, 1828-1831, Br. MSS.1885. Near
Warnford Asylum, H. Bos. Shotover Hill by the old London road,
R. Walker.

Berks. Frilford and Tubney, Rep. of Rec. Club, 1881. Northants rare.
Gloster E., Warwick.

@. striatum, L. Soft Knolled Trefoil.

Top. Bot. 112. Syme, E. B. iii. 48. 356. Nym. 176.
Native. Glareal. Dry pastures, field banks. Local and rare. <A.
June—Aug
80 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

First record, Sib. 1794.

3. Swere. Bretch, H. Walford./

5. Isis. Wychwood Forest, Sib. Jericho, Sib. and Bu. in Purton, 1818.

6. Thame. Bullingdon Green, Sib., do. Bu. 1831 in Walk.; spec.
in Hb. Bx. Between Cheney Lane and Shotover, Bx. 1819.
Between Horsepath and Shotover, 1861, H. Bos.

Two forms occur, one much larger and more erect.

Berks. Near Cothill.

T. subterraneum, L.

Top. Bot. 110. Syme, E. B. iii. 36. 346. Nym. 177.

Native. Glareal. Sandy and gravelly soil. Very rare. A. June.

First record, Sid. 1794.

4. Ray. Enslow Quarries, Rev. H. Fox. Edge of Stow Wood, 1860,
HI. Bos.

6. Thame. On Shotover Hill by the road to Cuddesdon, Sib., do. 1812
and 1820 Bs. in Purton app. Near the second windmill by the
side of road between Shotover and Cuddesdon, Bx. MSS.

Berks. About Pangbourne, W. Pamplin in Phyt. v. 155.

Bucks. Gloster. Warwick very rare, three localities.

. fragiferum, L. Strawberry-headed Clover.

Top. Bot. 114. Syme, E. B. iii. 58. 363. Nym. 177.

Native. Pascual. Roadside and damp meadows. Not uncommon.

P. July—Sept. :

First record, Sib. 1794.

1, Stour. Tadmarton.

2. Ouse. Mixbury.

8. Swere. Crouch Lane, Broughton, A. Fr.

4, Ray. Marston Lane, Sib. Headington Wick, Elsfield, H. Bos.
Oddington, Wood Eaton, Summertown.

5. Isis. Port Meadow! Hb. Lawson. Between Botley Toll-gate and
Medley Lock, Bx. North Leigh, Ascot.

6. Thame. Iffley Meadows, Sib. Shotover, Cheney Lane, Bz. Near
the Warnford Asylum, H. Bos. Nuneham, Dorchester.

Berks. Abingdon, Radley.

* T. hybridum, DL. Alsike Clover.

Alien. Syme, E. B, iii. 53. 361. Comp. Cyb. 498. Nym. 178.

First record, A. French 1870. Var. T. elegans, Savi.

83. Swere. Gt. Tew, Somerton, 4. Fr. Adderbury, 7. Bees.

5. Isis. Burford.

6. Thame. Bullingdon.

7. Thames. South Stoke.

Formerly cultivated as a fodder plant, now little used.

Berks. Bucks, Northants.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 81

T. repens, LD. Dutch Clover.

Top. Bot. 109. Syme, E. B. iii. 55. 362. Nym. 178.

Native. Pascual. Meadow pastures, waysides. Area general. Very
common. P. May-Oct.

First record, Sib. 1794.

Undoubtedly native. It is found even in the college quads.

The flowers are not unfrequently rosy. The calycea are sometimes
deformed.

Var. 8. T. phyllanthwm, Seringe. Hanwell, 7. Bees., and on Epwell Hill
743 feet.

*T. agrarium, L. Nym. 180.
Casual. In a clover field near South Stoke 1885.

T. procumbens, LD. Hop Trefoil.

Top. Bot. 114. Syme, E. B. iii. 60. 365. Nym. 180.

Native. Pascual. Cornfields, dry pastures, railsides, ete. Generally
distributed but not a very common plant. A. June-Aug.

First record, Sib. 1794.

There are two forms, the smaller may be T. pseudo-procumbens, Gmel. ;
it occurred on Bullingdon quarries.

T. dubium, Sibth. T. minus, Sm.

Top. Bot. 114. Syme, E. B. iii. 62. 366. Nym. 180

Native. Pascual. Meadows, pastures, etc. Area general; rather
more frequent than J. procumbens. A. June-Aug.

First record, Sib. 1794.

Often covered with a mildew.

T. filiforme, L.

Top. Bot. 115. Syme, E. B. iii. 63. 367. Oxford. Nym. 180.

Native. Ericetal. Heaths. Localandrare. A. June—Aug.

First record, Sir Jos. Banks near Oxford, about 1760.

3. Swere. Bretch, 7. Bees.

5. Isis. South Leigh Heath, Sib. extinct. Near Coombe Wood, H. Bos.
Ramsden Heath, 7. Westcombe extinct. instock Heath 1884,
North Leigh Heath 1884, see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1881.

6. Thame. Bullingdon Green, Sid.

The Bretch plant I am inclined to believe was a starved form of

dubium, Sib.

Berks. Frilford. Bucks, Napford Common. Northants, Boro. Hill needs
confirming. Gloster, Warwick rare.

LOTUS. L.

L. pilosus, Beeke in Bot. Guide 1805. L. uliginosus, Sch. 1808.
L. major Sm. L. corniculatus var. b. Sib. Lotus pentaphyllos flore
majore luteo splendente, Raii.

G
82 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Top. Bot. 116. Syme, E. B. iii. 68. 370. Nym. 182.

Native. Pratal. Wet meadows, marshes, brooksides. Widely dis-

tributed, but not very common. P. July—Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794.

1. Stour. Tadmarton.

2. Ouse. Hethe.

3. Swere. Hanwell, Bees. Great Tew, between Bloxam and Tad-
marton, A. Fr. Shutford.

4. Ray. Headington Wick! H. Bos. Oddington, Rev. W. Moyle Rogers.
Stow Wood, Bayswater, Marston, Somerton, Tackley.

5. Isis. Wychwood! H. Bos. Canal above Wolvercote, H. E. Garnsey.
Bruern, North Leigh Common, Finstock Heath.

6. Thame. Peat bog under Bullingdon Green, Sib.! Shotover! H. Bos.
Thame, Hb. Bx. Waterperry, A. Fr. Cowley Marsh, Albury,
Wheatley railside abundant.

7. Thames, Nettlebed Common, hairy form, A. Fr. Binfield, Stokerow.

Berks. Bagley, Bx. Frilford, Wootton.

It varies very much as to degree of pubescence, and should perhaps be

divided into two varieties as in E. Bot. i.e. subglaber and hirsutus—the
latter is more frequent in Oxford.

L. tenuis, Kit.

Syme, E. B. iii. 67. 369. Nym. 183.

Native. Pascual. Meadows, waste places on clay soil. Local and

rare. P. July—-Aug.

First record, Walker, 1832.

4. Ray. Marston brickyards 1883, Rep. of Rec. Club. Near Bicester.

5. Isis. Near Duke’s Lock 1885.

6. Thame. In the broad greensward path leading off the Cowley Road
near the gate up to the Asylum, R. Walker, 1832.

7. Thames. Rough barren field west of Chazey Farm, F. A. Lees, see
Rep. of Rec. Club, 1883.

Berks. Heath near Crowthorn, Brit. Wootton.

L. corniculatus, L. Bird’s-foot Clover:

Top. Bot. 115. Syme, E. B. iii. 65, 368. Nym. 183. Bx. 249.

Native. Pascual. Pastures. Area general. Common. P. May-Sept.

The var. DL. villosus, Syme, occurs near Stow Wood, and a singular
form with small foliage and single flowered (not tenuis) on the chalk hills
above Chinnor.

ORNITHOPUS. JL.
O. perpusillus, L. Common Bird’s-foot.
Top. Bot. 118. Syme, E. B. iii. 77. 378. Nym. 186. Baxt. 358.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 83

Native. Glareal. Heaths and sandy pasture. Local and rare. A.
May-July.

First record, Sib. 1794.

1. Stour. Tadmarton Heath, rare, T. Beesley / 1884.

6. Thame. Between Shotover and Cuddesdon! Sib. Near Shotover,
close to Ochre pits, on a bank sloping south, in great abundance,
Bx. 1831! 1884. Between Shotover and Cuddesdon, on a bank
near the Windmill, Br.; do. H. EH. Garnsey, M.A./ Horspath,
towards Coombe Wood, 1862, H. Bos./ Shotover, north side,
1884.

Berks. Between Bessilsleigh and Tubney, Br. MSS. Blewbury and
Hampstead Norris, Pamplin. Frilford.

HIPPOCREPIS. L.

H. comosa, L. Horse-shoe Vetch.

Top. Bot. 119. Syme, E. B. iii. 79. 380. Nym. 186. Baxt. 369.

Native. Pascual. Dry pastures, on calcareous and chalky soil. Locally

abundant. P. May-Aug.

First record, Ferrum equinum germanicum siliquis in summttate, Raii.

J. J. Dillenius, about 1730. /

3. Swere. Bretch, H. Walford. Swalecliffe Common, A. Fr.

4, Ray. About half a mile on the Oxford side of Beckley, J. Dillenius.
Heyford, Rev. E. Fox.

5. Isis. In chalk-pits in the same (Ascot) field, also by the roadside
near Hunsfield, plentifully, Bluckstone, 1737. Burford Downs,
Sib. Between Woodstock and Enstone, Rev. W. T. Bree, in
Purton’s App.; do. in New Bot. Guide. Lees Rest and Fifield,
T. Westcombe. Southcombe, near Chipping Norton, T. Bees.
Between Burford and Minster Lovell, abundant by roadsides
between Charlbury and Ditchley Park, and between Ditchley
and Blenheim, north entrance, on what was probably Wootton
Heath, Lyneham Camp, Tainton Quarries.

6. Thame. Bullingdon Green! Sib. Headington Quarry, 1831, Bx.
in Walk. Bullingdon Green, 1861, H. Bos./ 1885. Holton
Quarries.

7. Thames. Stokenchurch! Sib. Henley, Bx. Penley Hangings, Hb.
Bx. Caversham, Hb. Br. Mus. J. Carroll, 1849. Lewknor,
Maple Durham, 4. Fr. Gathampton, H. Bos. Goring Downs,
Grime’s Dyke, Beacon Hill, Pyrton Common, magnificent, Chinnor
Hill, most abundant, and confined to lower chalk; on the tertiary
capping it, Lotus corniculatus replaces it. It is abundant and
beautiful on the railbanks about Goring.

Berks. Streatley, and generally on the chalk. Bucks, Bledlow,
G2
84 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Fawley, etc. Northants, Collyweston, Barnack. Gloster. Casual
only in Warwick.
** Robinia Psendacacia, L. A North American tree, is frequently
planted about Oxford and elsewhere.

ASTRAGALUS. L.

A. glycyphyllus, L. Milk Vetch, Wild Licorice.

Top. Bot. 116. Syme, E. B. iii. 75. 375. Nym. 193.

Native. Septal. Under hedges, calcareous pastures. Local. P.

June—Sept.

First record, Wm. Coles in Adam in Eden, 1657.

2. Ouse. Finmere Castle, R. C. Pryor.

3. Swere. Deddington Castle, Andrew’s pit, Bretch, A. Beesley.
Hanwell footroad (not there now), Gull. Canalside towards
Franklin’s Knob, A. Fr. Penhill, R. French. Adderbury Town
End, in Butler’s Close, Wm. Coles, 1657. Beyond Bodicot, on
Oxford Road, Bees. Near Swalecliffe Mill.

4. Ray. Side of ditch round Headington Copse, near Marston Lane,
Walk. Wood Eaton, H. Ridley. Water Eaton, H. Bos. Gibraltar
Rocks! Rogers. Middleton Stoney, Stow Wood, near Tackley.

5. Isis. Lawn near Capt. Jenkinson’s Lodge, Wychwood, Blackstone
MSS. 1737; do. in Martyn, Gough, ete. Borders of Wychwood,
Prof. Daubeny, 1842. Stonesfield! F. I. Richards, M.A. North
Leigh! Hb. Bz. Coombe.

6. Thame. Cuddesdon, near the Palace, R. Walk.

Berks. Wytham Wood, Purton! 8, Hinksey, Walk./ Happy Valley,
Pusey, H. Bos. Cumnor.

A. danicus, Retz. A. hypoglottis, L.

Top. Bot. 117. Syme, E. B. iii. 75. 376. Nym.194. Bx. 453.

Native. Glareal. Dry calcareous roadsides. Extremely rare. A.

June, July.

First record, Dr. Lightfoot, about 1760. A. hypoglottis, L.

5. Isis. Burford Downs, on road between Burford and Cirencester,
about four miles from Burford, Dr. Lightfoot, note in Dillen’s Ray.
Burford Downs, Sib. 1794, now extinct. Between Burford and
Witney, under a wall on roadside three or four miles from former
place, Bast. 1831, plate no. 453, drawn from specimen, gathered in
this locality, which is preserved in Hb. Bx. Southcombe Common,
near Chipping Norton, T. Bees. extinct.

The rarity of this plant in Oxford is rather remarkable.

Northants, Barnack, Southorpe, etc. Gloster.
¥LORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 85

ONOBRYCHIS. Lam.
O. sativa, Lamk. Sainfoin. Hedysarum Onobrychis, L.

Top. Bot. 119. Syme, E. B. iii. 81.381. Nym.198. Bx. 134.

Native. Pascual. Dry pastures, on calcareous or chalky soil. Locally
common. P. June—Aug.

First record, Onobrychis seu caput Gallinaceum, ‘it is sown about
Charlbury, and called by the inhabitants Sainefoine,’ Blackstone MSS.
1737-

2. Ouse. Mixbury.

3. Swere. Bretch, Gull. Bourton, A. Fr. Cropredy, 0. V. Aplin.

Banbury railside, T. Bees,

4. Ray. Headington Wick Copse. Between Begbroke and Woodstock,
Bz. Beckley, A. Fr. Gibraltar Rock, Rogers. Kirtlington.

5. Isis. Wolvercote, Rev. BR. Linton. Woodstock, Rogers. Fawler,
H. Bos. Minster Lovell, Burford, Ditchley, Finstock, Wilcote,
Stonesfield, ete.

6. Thame. Bullingdon, Sib.! Field near Cheney Lane, Bx.! Great
Haseley Quarries, Wheatley.

7. Thames. Henley, Stokenchurch, Sib. Caversham, most abundant,
Newb.; do. W. Pamplin. Goring, Mongewell, Ipsden, Chanse

Heath.
Berks. Jenny Bunting’s parlour, H. Bos. Childswell Farm, Br.
Frilford.

** Pisum sativum, Z. The Garden Pea occurs as a casual plant
oceasionally by field borders, etc., but it does not become naturalized.

LATHYRUS. L.

** L, latifolius, D. The Everlasting Pea.
Alien. Garden hedge, Cropredy. Berks, Tubney Wood, B. Bx.

L. sylvestris, D. Everlasting Pea.

Top. Bot. 125. Syme, E. B. iii. 107. 402. Nym. 201. Bx. 433.
Native. Sylvestral and septal. Woods, hedges, and bushy places.
Local. P. June—Aug.

First record, Sir Jos. Banks, 1760.

4. Ray. Bicester, Hb. Br. Mus. E. Chandler; do. Rev. E. Fox. Side
of ditch round Headington Copse, not far from Marston; Bz. in
Walk. ; do. in Hb. Bx.

5. Isis. Hedge at Burleigh Farm, Cassington, W. Mathews, M.A.,
1884. Stonesfield, F. T. Richards, M.A. Sargrove, T. Bees.
Fawler, abundant.

6. Thame. Hb. Br. Mus. Sir Jos. Banks, Woods near Oxford. Copse
under Shotover, Sib.; do. in Bot. Guide, New do., Purton, Sm. Fl.
Br.,. Sm. Eng. Fl. in Hb. Lawson. Still on Shotover and in
86 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Horspath Lane, between Marsh Baldon and Chiselhampton,
T. Thurland. Clifton (Clifden) in several hedges near. MSS. note
in Ray. Sym. copied for me by Mr. Pamplin. Very abundant and
fine on both sides of the railway between Wheatley and Shotover
tunnel,

Berks. Bagley Wood, Bx. 8S. Hinksey, Purt. Wytham, Tubney,
Ashridge Wood.

L. pratensis, DL. Meadow Vetching.

Top. Bot. 125. Syme, E. B. iii. 104. 400. Nym. 202.

Native. Pratal and septal. Meadows, hedges, pastures. Generally
distributed and abundant. P. June-Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794.

The early leaves have their auricles much enlarged, so as to give an
aspect rather similar to Aphaca, which has led to errors of record. With
Erysiphe Lathyri, Grove at Shotover, Bx. It occurs abundantly in Ch. Ch.
Meadow.

L. Nissolia, L. Crimson Vetching, Grass Vetch.

Top. Bot. 125. Syme, EH. B. iii. 102. 398. Nym. 204.
Native. Pascual. Fields, quarries, and railsides. Local. A. May-
July.

First record, Sib. 1794.

3. Swere. Cornfield between Shutford and Bourton, Gull. Very
rare, Bees.

4. Ray. Marston brickworks.

5. Isis. South Leigh, Sib. Hedgebank near Eynsham, on the Oxford
side of river, pointed out to me by James Benwell, 1812, Br. MSS.
Abundant above Wolvercote by railside.

6. Thame. Nuneham, on the right-hand side of the London road, near
the four-mile stone, Sib. Hedge in a field above lower road, East
of Iffey Church, Dr. Williams, MSS. Shotover, Rev. Dr. Cradock,
Principal of B. N.C. Headington brickfield, on Kimmeridge clay,
see note in Rep. of Rec. Club, 1880, p. 144.

Berks. Between old and new road to Eynsham, about half a mile from
the bridge. Stone-pits half a mile S.W. from South Hinksey, Walk.
Near the mouth of the Kennet, F. Tufnail. Wootton brick-pits.

L. Aphaca, L.
Top. Bot. 124. Syme, E. B. iii. 101. 397. Nym. 204.
Native. Agrestal. Cornfields, under hedges. Local, and very rare.
A. June, July.
First record, 1746, Blackstone, Aphaca.
4. Ray. In cornfields between Oxford and Woodstock, Blackstone; do.
in Martyn, Gough, etc. In some abundance on Clay Hill, a large.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 87

field on the outskirts of Kirtlington Village, on road to Woodstock
a fieldway runs down the northern side of this field, and the plant
grows between the path and hedge, W. W. Sanders, 1831. Near
Woodstock, 1839, Mrs. King. Near Bicester, T. Brayne.

5. Isis. Bot. Guide and New Bot. Guide, give South Leigh, Sib. These
are errors, the record of Nissolia being accidentally referred to this
species.

6. Thame. Cowley, on right-hand side of London road, near the one-
mile stone, Sib. Extinct. Under hedge south side of road going
from St. Clement’s to Cowley Marsh. Hedge on south side of same
Marsh, Bx. in Walk, Between Roman Catholic Chapel and
Asylum. Meadow near Iffley, R. Walker.

7. Thames. Between Caversham and Maple Durham, Sib.

Berks. Near Moulsford, Rep. of Rec. Club, 1881. Bucks, Gloster,
Warwick. Alien, perhaps extinct ; Northants, very rare !

OROBUS. L.

0. tuberosus, L. Lathyrus macrorrhizus, W.

Top. Bot.126. Syme. E. B. iii, 111. 406. Nym. 205. Bx. 433.
Native. Sylvestral. Woods and coppices. Local, and rather rare. P.
May-July.

First record, Sib. 1794.

3. Swere. Lovell’s lynches, Hook Norton, A. Fr. Swerford Park,
beyond North Newington, rare, A. Beesley. Epwell Heath.

4, Ray. Tackley Heath.

5. Isis. Asthalleigh, F. Westell. Charlbury, Ditchley, Bruern.

6. Thame. Shotover, R. C. Pryor.

7. Thames. Between Caversham and Maple Durham! Henley, Sib.
Nettlebed, A. Fr. Saunders’ Green, College Wood, Woods near
Cane End.

Berks. Bagley. Bucks, Northants, Gloster, Warwick.

The broad-leaved form alone occurs.

VICIA. L.

V. sylvatica, L. Wood Vetch.

Top. Bot. 120. Syme, E. B, iii. go. 387. Nym. 206. Bx. 193.
Native. Sylvestral and Septal. Woods and hedges. Local. P. June-
Aug.
Orobus sylvaticus, nost. Syn. ii.
First record, Blackstone, 1737.
5. Isis. Hedge going from Burford to Wychwood, and between Ful-
brook and the ‘Hit or Miss’ Public-house, Lees Rest Wood,
88 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Wood at Coombe, G. Coles, Esq. in Bu. In Charlbury Lane near
the bridge, sparingly, Blackstone MSS. 1737. Cornbury Park, J. M.
Albright, Esq. Borders of Wychwood, Prof. Daubeny, 1841. Medley
Grove, Sib. Mill Wood.

Berks. Vicia sylv. flore albo, near Oxford, Mr. Bobart, Jun., in
Merrett, 1666. Merley Wood, near Oxford, J. Bobart in Ray, Ed.
ii, iii, Spec. in Hb. Dillen. Wytham Wood, H. Bos. 1859. Do.
1883, G. C. D. (Merley), Appleton Wood, H. Bos. Tubney Wood,
Yattendon. In Smith’s English Flora it is stated ‘that James
Bobart the younger is said to have met with it in Oxford,
which Sibthorp’s Flora confirms.’ Oxford is also quoted for this
plant in Bot. Guide, Gough, Martyn, etc.

[V. orobus. Orobus sylvaticus. Upper part of Merley Wood, near
Oxford, see With. Ed. vii., vol. iii. 836. Should be sylvatica. Gloster E.]

V. Cracea, L. Tufted Vetch.

Top. Bot. 121. Syme, E. B, iii. 87. 385. Nym. 206.

Native. Septal. Woods, hedges, etc.. Common and generally dis-
tributed. P. July—Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794, p. 223. Our most widely diffused and most
common Vetch ; it is plentiful by the Cherwell, close to Oxford.

Vv. sepium, L. Bush Vetch.

Top. Bot. 123. Syme, E. B. iii. 91. 388. Nym. 208.

Native. Sylvestral. Woods, hedges. Not uncommon. P. May-

July.

First record, Sib. 1794.

1. Stour. Tadmarton, Sibford.

2. Ouse. Stoke Lyne, Z. Fry, Esq. Ardley Wood.

3. Swere. Andrew’s pits, Gull. Twyford, F. French.

4. Ray. Banbury, Shutford, Middleton Stoney, Weston-on-the-Green,
Stow Wood. Plentiful by canalside between Heyford and
Kirtlington.

5. Isis. Ditchley, Wychwood, Minster Lovell, Fawler, Ashford Mills,

Mill Wood, Burleigh Wood, etc.

. Thame. Shotover plantation, Albury, Wheatley.

7. Thames. Mungewell, var. alba., B. King. Chinnor, Whitchurch,
Nuffield, Binfield, Withy Coppice, Aston Wood, Goring, Clump
House Wood, Great Wood, Stokenchurch Wood, Penley Wood,
etc., etc.

Berks. Bagley, H. Bos. Tubney, Frilford, Streatley, Ilsley, Basildon,
ete.

a>
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 89

*V. sativa, DL. (Fr.) Vetch.

Syme, E. B. iii. 96. 392. Nym. 210.

Casual. Cornfields and cultivated ground. Occurs in a more or less
casual manner in all the districts. A. June-Aug.

First record, Sid. 1794.

V. angustifolia, Reich. Wild Vetch.

Top. Bot. 120. Syme, E. B. iii. 97. 393. Nym. 210.

Native. Glareal. Heaths, dry banks, etc. Not uncommon. A.
April-July.

First record, V. sylvestris flore ruberrimo, siliqua longa nigra, D.
Bobart in 2nd Edit. of Ray, 1696, ‘ On Shotover and divers other places.’

Var. V. segetalis, Th. :

1. Stour. Tadmarton.
. Swere. Bretch, A. Fr. Broughton, 7. Bees.
. Ray. Stow Wood, H. Bos. ‘Elsfield, Marston, Heyford.
. Isis. Wolvercote, H. Bos. Stonesfield, Charlbury.
. Thame. Shotover, Bullingdon, Littlemore, Headington.
. Thames. Goring, Caversham, Ipsden, etc.
Berks. Boar’s Hill, Bagley. i

Var. V. Bobartii, Forst. I have called it Bobartii in honour of Bobart,
whose name Ray has taken, and who was probably the discoverer of it in
Oxon. As the elder Bobart died in 1679, and this plant is not mentioned
in the first edition of Ray, it was probably his son, and successor in the
care of the gardens, whose name Ray has adopted. Sir J. Smith, Trans.
Linn. Soc. 442, 1833.

4. Ray. Stow Wood borders! Sib.

6. Thame. Shotover! Bobart. Do. in Sm. Fl. Br., etc.

7. Thames. Whitchurch.

Berks. Frilford, Boar’s Hill.

NID Om OO

V, lathyroides, L.

Top. Bot. 120. Syme, E. B. iii. 98. 395. Nym. 210.
Native. Glareal. Dry sandy banks and fields. Very rare. A.
May, June.

First record, H. Boswell, 1860. Phyt. iv. n.s. 100.

4. Ray. Between Stow Wood and Headington Wick! H. Bos. Road-
side near Stow Wood! H. Ridley, M.A.

Berks. In meadows under Bagley Wood, near Bayworth, Sunningwell,
H. Bos. Bucks, Warwick, two localities.

** Vicia Faba, Z. occurs as a stray from cultivation in waste places

and hedgerows, but is not permanent. Near Thame, A. Fr. Wolvercote,
Whitchurch, etc.
go FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

ERVUM, L.
EB. hirsutum, L. Common Tare.
Vicia hirsuta, Koch. Top. Bot. 123. Syme, E. B. iii. 84. 382. Nym.
ati. Bx. 322. 3
Native. Septal. Hedges, railbanks, waste places. Rather uncommon.
A. June-Aug.

First record, Sib. 1794.

8. Swere. Broughton, R. French.

4. Ray. Stow Wood, H. Bos. Elsfield, Heyford.

5. Isis. Wychwood, Hb. Lawson. Charlbury, H. HE. Garnsey, M.A.
Hailey, H. Bos. Lees Rest, Stonesfield, Handborough, Wolvercote,
Chadlington.

6. Thame. Near Thame, 4. Fr. Do. in Hb. Bz. Not common about
Oxford, Bz. Wheatley, Littlemore, Marsh Baldon.

7. Thames. Goring, Rev. F. Bennett. -Caversham.

Berks. Frilford, Moulsford.

E. tetraspermum, L.

Vicia tetrasperma, M. Top. Bot. 123. Syme, E, B. iii. 85. 383. Nym.
212.
Native. Septal. Hedges, cornfields, and waste places. Rather un-
common. A. May-—Aug.
First record, Sib. 1794.
8. Swere. Crouch Lane, Neithrop, Hd. Br. Mus., A. Fr. Tadmarton,
Broughton, Hardwick Hill, 4. Fr. Epwell Hill.
4. Ray. Elsfield, Kirtlington.
5. Isis. Stonesfield, Finstock, Handborough, Charlbury.
6. Thame. Thame, Hb. Bx. Oxford, Miss Cox in Hb. Lawson. Dor-
chester, Rev. F. Bennett. Headington Quarries, Albury, Wheatley.
7. Thames. Between Henley and Assington, H. Bos. Caversham.
Berks. Bagley, copse near Jenny Bunting’s parlour, H. Bos. Childs-
well Farm, Bx. Boar’s Hill.

E. gracile, DC.

Vicia gracilis, Lois. Syme, E. B. iii. 86. 384. Nym. 212.
Native or Colonist. Grassy ground, railsides, rough waste places.
Local. A. May-July.

First record, the Author, 1879.

5. Isis. Wolvercote, H. Peake and L. Lester, B.A. 1884. Abundant!
Railside between Handborough and Coombe.

6. Thame. Waste ground Cowley, 1879, Wheatley.

Berks. Wytham 1861, H. Bos. Near third milestone on Eynsham
Road, H. Bos. and T. Thurland.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. gl

Orv. XXIII. ROSACEA. Juss.

PRUNUS. L.

**P. Laurocerasus, L. Cherry Laurel.

Alien. Frequently planted in shrubberies and ornamental grounds, as
between Enstone and Great Tew, Blenheim, Middleton Park, etc.

** P, Padus, D.. Bird Cherry.

Syme, E. B. iii. 123. 413.

Alien. Occurs as a planted tree at Broughton, A. Fr.; in Middleton
Park, Rev. £. Fox. There is a fine tree in Magd. Coll. Gardens, [Planted
in Northants‘and Warwick ; doubtfully wild in Gloster.]

P. Avium, L. Gean, Mazzard Plum.
Top. Bot. 129. Syme, E. B. iii. 119. 411. Nym. 213.
Native. Sylvestral and Septal. Coppices and hedges. Not uncommon.
Tree. April, May.
First record, Sib. 1794.
1. Stour. Hotley Farm, Tadmarton.
8. Swere. Hanwell Park, 4. Fr. Bloxham Road, J. Bees.
4. Ray. Marston Lane! Br. Stow Wood, Noke, Beckley, Rousham.
5. Isis. Woods near Ashford Mill, Sid. Freeland, Wychwood, Fawler,
‘Woodstock.
. Thame. Shotover plentiful, Thame, Hd. Bx.
7. Thames. Goring, College Wood, Withy Coppice, Christmas Common,
Cookley Green, Stokenchurch. Abundant about Ipsden; some
large trees.

8. Berks. Unwell Wood, Tubney, Boar’s Hill.

‘

a

P. Cerasus, L. Cherry Plum.

Top. Bot. 129. Syme, E. B. iii. 122. 412. Nym. 213.

Denizen or native. Septal. Hedges. Local. Tree. April, May.

First record, Sib. 1794, umbellis subpedunculatis, foltis ovato.lanceoiatis

glabris conduplicatis, Syst. Veg. 463; cerasus sylvestris fruetu rubro, Raii.

3. Swere. Hanwell grounds, A. Fr. Pinhill, R. Trench. Frequent in
hedges, T. Bees. Milton, Bloxham Road, dA. Fr.

4. Ray. Stow Wood, 1856, H. Bos. Near Rousham.

5. Isis. Wychwood.

7. Thames. Woods near Watlington Park, A. Fr. Stokenchurch,
Goring, and Woodcote, Ipsden Heath, Ipsden, Chinnor, Stoke Row,
near Binfield, etc.

Berks. Bagley Wood, Bx. Isley. Bucks, Fawley. Northants, Warwick.
This appears to be distinct from Avium.
Q2 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

*P, domestica, L. Wild Plum.

Comp. Cyb. 500. Syme, E. B. iii. 118. 410. Nym. 213.

Denizen. Septal. Hedges and thickets. Not uncommon. Shrub.
April, May.

First record about 1840, W. Bazter.

2. Ouse. Hardwick.

3. Swere. Between Grove Mill and Milton, A. Fr. Hardwick, T. Bees.

4. Ray. Near Islip one bush, Rev. W. Moyle Rogers. Water Eaton,

Upper Heyford.

5. Isis. Finstock, Walcote, Foscott.

6. Thame.’ Waterstock, 4. Fr. Sydenham, Hb. Bx. Iffley.

7. Thames. Ipsden, Nettlebed, Crowsley.

Berks. Kingston, Wootton, Bagley.

P. institia, LD. Bullace.

Top. Bot. 127. Syme, E. B. iii. 117. 409. Nym. 214.

Denizen. Septal. Hedges. Not unfrequent. Shrub. April, May.
First record, Sib. 1794.

. Ouse. Hardwick.

. Swere. Banbury, etc., A. Fr. Broughton, Wigginton Heath, T. Bees.
. Ray. Kirtlington, Noke, Water Eaton, Upper Heyford.

. Isis. Stonesfield, Woodstock.

. Thame. Iffley.

. Thames. Stoke Row, etc.

Berks. Bagley Wood, Hinksey, and in all the border counties.

NOD OP WD

P. spinosa, L. Blackthorn, Sloe.

Top. Bot. 126. Syme, E. B. iii. 115. 408. Nym. 214.

Native. Septal. Woods, hedges. Abundant throughout the county.
Shrub. March-May.

First record, Sib. 1794

With Polystigma rubra, Pers. and Puccinia pruinorwm, Link. on it
about Oxford, Ba.

P. fructicans, Wh. ? P. coétanea, Syme. Nym. 214.

Native. Septal. Hedges. Not uncommon. Shrub. April, May.

First record, the Author, 1880.

4. Ray. Tackley, Weston,

5. Isis. Finstock, Sarsden.

6. Thame. Littlemore.

A taller shrub with larger flowers and fruit than the preceding species,
the flowers appearing with the leaves, the anthers also are larger and
redder in colour.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 93

SPIRZA. L.

8. ulmaria, LD. Meadow-Sweet.

Top. Bot.129. Syme, E. B. iii. 126. 415. Nym. 215.

Native. Pratal and paludal. Moist meadows, ditchsides. Common,
and generally distributed, except on the Chilterns. P. June-Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794.

About Oxford with Leptostroma Spiree, Fr. Bx. Very abundant in the
Iffley and Marston Meadows. The plant with white undersurface to the
leaves is the prevailing form, but this character does not appear to be
constant.

S. filipendula, DL. Dropwort.

Top. Bot. 129. Syme, E. B. iii, 128. Nym. 215. Bx. 133.

Native. Pascual. Dry pastures, downs, roadsides. Local, but widely

distributed. P. June—Aug.

First record, Filipendula vulgaris, Ger. Wychwood plentifully, Black-

stone MSS. 1737.

2. Ouse. Mixbury! R. C. Pryor. Near Ardley.

8. Swere. Near Shutford, Gull.! Bretch, Tadmarton, Hanwell, Bees.
Camp near Shipton, A. Fr. Near Wroxton, Miss Rusher. Somerton
Meadows, near Deddington.

4. Ray. Headington Wick Copse, in pastures adjoining, plentiful in
Stow Wood, between Oddington and Grange, Bx. Drier parts of
Kirtlington Park, and in the green lane, W. W. Saunders. Road-
side between Middleton Stoney and Fritwell, 4. Fr. Upper
Heyford, Rev. E. Fox. Blackthorn, H. Bos. Beckley, near
Elsfield, railside near Kirtlington.

5. Isis. Burford Downs, canalbanks going to Wolvercote, Sib. Wych-
wood, Blackstone/ also in Spee. Bot. and Gough. Blenheim,
Rogers. Hunting bridge, Cornbury, J. M. Albright. Abundant on
Lyneham Camp, Tainton Quarries, Brize Norton.

6. Thame. Bullingdon Green, Bx. ix Walk. Nuneham, Rev. R.
Linton. Open Magdalen, 7. Thurland. Oxford border of Hell
Copse, A. Fr. Thame Park, Hb. Bx. Dorchester dykes, Rev. F.
Bennett. Shotover. ‘

7. Thames. Henley, H. B. in Phyt. vi. n. s. 314. Swincombe Down,
H. Bos. Peppard in turf, F. A. Lees. Goring, Grime’s Dyke,
Mongewell Wood, Widley Wood, Crowell.

Berks. Bessilsleigh, Blewbury, Isley, and Radley Common, H. Bos.
Streatley.

BRUBUS. L.

B. Ideus, L. Wild Raspberry.
Syme, E. B. iii. 168. 442. Nym. 215.
94 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Native. Ericetal and sylvestral. Heaths and coppices, on sandy or
gravelly soil. Widely distributed and locally abundant. Absent for three
miles round Oxford, but plentiful on Boar’s Hill, and less frequently so on
Shotover. Shrub. June, July.

First record, Plot. 1677, who says it is plentiful on the Chilterns.
See also Ray 3rd edit. and Hudson’s Flora Anglica. With variegated:
leaves, near Cookley Green.

Var R. Leesii, Bab. Syme, E. B. iii. 161. 453.

7. Thames. Woods above Shirburn. It is given in Student’s Flora

for Oxon instead of Berks, where Mr. Dyer saw it; see below.

Berks. Boar’s Hill, W. 7. Dyer, Hb. Br. Mus. 1867.

Warwick near Woodloes.

BR. fruticosus, L. Blackberry.

Aggregate. Native. Septal, ete. Woods, hedges, and waste places.
Generally distributed. Sh. June-Sept.

First record, between Finstock and Fawler with striped foliage, 1677,
Plot. A variety with white fruit, R. leucocarpus, ‘found accidentally in a
hedge near Oxford,’ D. Bobart, in Ray, ed. ii. 1696.

RB. suberectus, And.

Syme, E. B. iii. 164. 444.

Native. Heathy Woods. Rare or overlooked. July, Aug.

I believe this occurs on Shotover Hill on the north side, but the plant
had no panicle, so doubt attaches to the occurrence of this species in
Oxon.

Berks. Snelsmore, Newbury, Brit. Warwick.

R. Lindleianus, Lees. Nym. 216.

Native. In hedges and on upland heaths. Local. July, Aug.

1. Stour. Tadmarton, ‘ nitidus;’ Bell Salt, now W. and N., Beesley.
4. Ray. Headington Wick.

6. Thame. Shotover.

7. Thames. Nuffield.

Berks. Snelsmore, Brit. Tubney, Warwick, Northants.

R. ramosus, Blow.

Native. Heathy ground. Rare. July, Aug.
6. Thame. Shotover.

R. rhamnifolius, W. and N.

Nym. 216. Syme, E. B. iii. 169. 446.

Native. Thickets, commons, and heathy ground. Widely distributed
and locally common. July-Sept.

First record, Mr. Bicheno in Sm. Eng. Fl. 1824. Abundant in woods
about Tangley.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 95

. Stour. Sibford Heath.
. Ouse. Hardwick and Hethe.
. Swere. Hardwick Road, A. Fr. Tadmarton.
. Ray. Headington Wick, with var. cordifolius, Blox., see Rep. of
Rec. Club, 1880, p. 144.
. Isis. Tangley, Mr. Bicheno. Bruern Wood.
6. Thame. Shotover Hill, see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1880. Shotover to
Horspath.
7. Thames. Chinnor Common, Aston Wood, Hailey Wood, Mongewell
Woodcote, Ipsden.
Berks. Boar’s Hill, Tubney. Bucks, Napford. Northants, Harleston,
etc. Gloucester, Warwick.
The fruits of Rhamnifolius are more acid than those of discolor or
leucostachys.
BR. discolor, W. and N. Common Bramble.
Syme, E. B. iii. 170. 447. Nym. 217. ‘
Native. In hedges and thickets. Abundant. The common form on Clay
and Oolite. July—Sept.
Near Sibford in the Stour district occurs a form which Mr. Bagnall says
is very near argenteus.
BR. thyrsoideus, Wimm.
Nym. 216. Syme, E. B, iii. 172.
Native. Hedges and thickets. Local. July, Aug.
First record, the Author, 1880.
. Stour. Sibford.
. Swere. Swalecliff.
. Ray. Headington Wick.
Isis. Bruern Wood.
. Thame. Shotover.
. Thames. Mongewell, Nettlebed, Cowleaze Wood.
Berks. Wootton. Bucks, Napford. Northants, Moulton. Gloster,
Warwick.
BR. leucostachys, Sm.
Nym. 218. Syme, E. B. iii. 173. 448.
Native. Hedges and heathy places. Common. July—Sept.
First record, the Author, see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1880.
. Stour. Sibford.
. Ouse. Hethe.
. Swere. Epwell, Shutford, Cropredy.
. Ray. Stow Wood, Headington Wick, with an abnormal form.
. Isis. North Leigh.
. Thame. Shotover, Rep. of Rec. Club, 1880. Dorchester.
. Thames. Crowsley Park side, Crowell Wood, Nuffield Wood.
Crowell Wood, Rep. of Rec. Club, 1883. Woodcote, Chinnor, etc.

mw eS

Oo

NOOR OH

NSO oP OD
96 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Berks. Boar’s Hill, Wytham. Bucks, Fawley. Northants, Gloster,
Oddington. Warwick.

Var. R. vestitus, Weihe.

6. Thame. Shotover.

7. Thames. Hailey Wood, Sunley Wood, etc.

R. Salteri, Bab. Nym. 218. R&R. sylvaticus, W. and N.

Native. Heathy places. Very rare. July, Aug.
First record, the Author, 1884.

6. Thame. Shotover.

Var. R. calvatus, Blox.

5. Isis. Bruern Wood.

Gloster, Warwick.

R. carpinifolius, W. and W.

Native. Heathy places. Rare. Aug., Sept.
First record, the Author, 1885.

6. Thame. North side of Shotover.

Gloster, Warwick.

B. villicaulis, Koehl. in W. and N. Nym. 217.

Native. Woods and hedges. Local. July, Aug.
First record, the Author, 1881.

4, Ray. Headington Wick.

7. Thames. Chinnor Hill, Aston Wood.

Berks. Wargrave, Melville. Gloster, Warwick.

B. macrophyllus, W.

Syme, E. B. iii. 177. 450. Nym. 217.

Native. Woods and heaths, not uncommon. July-Sept.
First record, the Author, 1881. :
Var. a. umbrosus, Arr.

6. Thame. Shotover, and also an extreme form.
Var. 6. macrophyllus, W. and N.

7. Thames. Aston Wood.

Var. c. Schlechtendalti, W. and N.

4. Ray. Headington Wick.

Var. d. amplificatus, Lees.

4. Ray. Headington Wick copse.

6. Thame. Shotover, Gt. Haseley.

7. Thames, Goring.

Berks. Boar’s Hill, Rep. of Rec. Club, 1880. Bucks, Napford. North-
ants, Harleston. Warwick.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 97

B. mucronulatus, Bor.

Nym. 220. Syme, E. B. iii. 178. 451.

Native. Heathy places. Rare. July, Aug.
First record, T. Beesley, 1850.

3. Swere. Hanwell Heath mucronatus, T. Bees.
Warwick.

B. hystrix, Weihe. Nym. 220.

Native. Sandy commons, hedges. Rare. July, Aug.
First record, 7. Beesley, 1850.

3. Swere. Broughton, T. Bees.

7. Thames. Nuffield common.

Gloster, Warwick.

RB. scaber, W. Nym. 219.

Native. Woods, heaths. Rare. July, Aug.
First record, the Author, 1884.

6. Thame. Shotover.

7. Thames. Crowell Hill.

Gloster, Warwick,

BR. rudis, Weihe.

Nym. 219. Syme, E. B. iii. 183.

Native. Sandy soil, hedges, heaths. Locally common. July—Sept.

First record, A. French, 1876. i

. Stour. Tadmarton Heath, Sibford a laciniate form.

. Ouse. Shelswell, Hardwick.

. Swere. Great Tew, A. Fr., 1876. Swalecliffe.

. Ray. Headington Wick.

Isis. Bruern Wood.

. Thame. Shotover, see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1880, 1883.

Thames. Common Nettlebed, Goring, Crowell, Nuffield, Chinnor,
Cowleaze Wood, ete.

Berks. Boar’s Hill, Tubney. Bucks, Northants, Gloster, Warwick.

TOO wp

BR. preruptorum, Boul.

Native. Heathy places. Very rare. July, Aug.
6. Thame. Shotover Hill, see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1881.

R. radula, Weithe.
Nym. 219. Syme, E. B. iii. 184. 452.
Native. Heaths, hedges on dry soil. Local. July—Aug.
First record, 7. Beesley, 1850.
1. Stour. Sibford Ferris.
8. Swere. Hardwick Hill, T. Bees. Swalecliffe, Cropredy.
5. Isis. Bruern Wood.
H
98 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

6. Thame. Shotover, and var. denticulatus.
7. Thames. Nettlebed, Aston Wood, Goring, Chinnor.

Berks. Frilford. Bucks, Napford. Northants, Harleston. Warwick.

R. Koehleri, Weihe.

Nym. 220. Syme, E. B. iti. 185. 453.

Native. Woods, hedges. Common on sandy soil. July—Sept.

First record, R. French, 1870.

. Stour. Tadmarton.

. Ouse. Mixbury.

Swere. Hardwick Hill, R. French. Shutford, Cropredy.

. Ray. Headington Wick.

. Isis. Bruern Wood.

. Thame. Shotover.

. Thames. Aston Wood, Nettlebed, Woodcote Common, Nuffield,
Checkenden, Binfield, Stoke Row, etc.

Berks. Boar’s Hill.

Var. b. infestus, Bab. Rather rare.

1. Stour. Tadmarton.

7. Thames. Nettlebed, Nuffield.

Berks. Bagley, Tubney. Gloster, Warwick.

Var. v. pallidus, Weihe. Not uncommon.

4. Ray. Headington Wick.

6. Thame. Shotover.

7. Thames. Aston Wood, see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1883. Goring.

Berks. Boar’s Hill, Bagley. Bucks, Napford. Northants, Gloster,

Warwick.

B. Bloxamii, Lees. Nym. 219.

Native. Woods and hedges. Rare. July—Sept.

First record, the Author, 1883.

6. Thame. Shotover.

7. Thames. Stokenchurch Wood, Rep. of Rec. Club, 1883.

Warwick.

RB. diversifolius, Lindl. Nym. 221.

Native. Hedges. Local. July, Aug.

First record, T. Beesley, 1850.

2. Ouse. Mixbury.

3. Swere. In a hedge near the ‘ Bear’ Garden, now cut down, T. Bees.
Near Cropredy, Broughton.

5. Isis. Bruern.

Noor wwe

R. fusco-ater, Weihe. Nym. 220.

Native. Hedges. Rare. July} Aug.
First record, 7. Beesley, 1850.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. yy

8. Swere. Banbury hedges common, T. Bees. 1850.
Gloster, Warwick.

BR. Guntheri, Weihe. Nym. 220.

Native. Heathy ground. Rare. July, Ang.
First record, the Author, 1884.

6. Thame. Shotover, not typical, 1884.

7. Thames. Watlington Woods.

Gloster, Warwick.

[R. foliosus, Weihe. Nym. 219.

Northants, Warwick.]

BR. glandulosus, Bell.

Native. Woods. Rare. July, Aug.
First record, the Author, 1884.
6. Thame. Shotover.

Berks. Newbury, Mr. Bicheno. Gloster, Warwick.

RB. Balfourianus, Bloz.

Nym. 221. Syme, E. B. iii. 192.

Native. Hedges. Local. July, Aug.

First record, A. French, 1876.

3. Swere. Neithrop House grounds, A. Fr., 1876. Shutford, Broughton,
Swalecliffe.

4. Ray. Headington.

7. Thames. Cowleaze Wood.

Berks. Sheen, Bicheno. Bagley. Gloster, Warwick.

BR. corylifolius, Sm.
Nym. 221. Syme, E. B. iii. 192. 455.
Native. Hedges. Common and generally distributed. June-Sept.
First record, A. French, 1876.
Var. a. sublustris, Lees.
4, Ray. Kirtlington, Headington Wick with erect sepals.
5. Isis. Wolvercote.
6. Thame. Cowley Marsh, see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1880. Shotover

with clasping sepals.
7. Thames. Cookley Green.
Var. b. conjungens, Bab.
1. Stour. Sibford.
8. Swere. Tadmarton, Broughton.
4, Ray. Otmoor, Headington Wick.

Thame. Oxford road, one or two miles from Thame, A. Fr.
Var. c. purpureus, Bab.
8. Swere. Between Barford and Milton.
H2
100 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

BR. tuberculatus, Bab. Syme, E. B. iii. 194.

Native. Hedges. Local. July, Aug.

First record, 7’. Beesley, 1850.

1. Stour. About Sibford Ferris.

3. Swere. Between Banbury and Twyford, A. Fr. Common, 7. Bees.
dumetorum. Tadmarton, Broughton.

4, Ray. Summertown, Marston.

6. Thame. Shotover, also a form between this and next species.

B. althzifolius, Hort.

Native. Hedges. Local.
First record, the Author, 1885.
3. Swere. Between Banbury and Broughton.

B. cesius, L. Dewberry.

Syme, E. B. iii. 195. 456.

Native. Woods and ditches. Locally common and widely distributed,
occurs in all the districts. June, July.

First record, Sib. 1794.

Var R. ulmifolius, Presi.

Menmarsh Farm, A. Fr.

Var. agrestis, Bab.

Great Haseley.

[R. saxatilis, ZL. Gloster E. and W.]

* R. laciniatus, Will.

Alien. Tadmarton.

An extensive patch apparently planted in a fox cover, and flowering
abundantly on the dry sterile sandy soil. The place shows signs of cul-
tivation; a double flowered variety of Narcissus Pseudo narcissus growing
near it, A. Fr.

FRAGARIA., L.

* FB. elatior, Ehrh. Hautboy Strawberry.

Alien. Comp. Cyb. 501. Syme, E. B. iii. 156. 439.

5. Isis. Between North Leigh and Handborough! near Woodcote !

6. Thame. Shotover, 1885.

7. Thames. Chalk-pit near Caversham, A. Fr. This is I believe not

elatior but F. Chilensis.

F. vesca, L. Wild Strawberry.

Top. Bot. 135. Syme, E. B. iii. 154. 438. Nym.222. Bx, 242.

Native. Sylvestral. Woods and hedgebanks, generally distributed.
P. May, June.

First record, Sib. 1794.

Observed on Shotover with Uredo Potentillarum.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. IOl

A much larger form is found on the chalk, as near Crowsley Park. A
form with four petals was noticed on Ipsden Heath.

Comarum palustre, DL. Syme, E. B. iii. 153. 437.

Berks. Heath Pool, Wellington, boggy meadows Kintbury, Brit.
Bucks (?), Northants, almost or quite extinct. Warwick.

POTENTILLA. L.

** P. fruticosa, LZ. Alien, a planted shrub found near Great Tew by
Mr. James Rusher. I have seen the specimen, and am informed it was
apparently wild, Bees. One bush in the Avenue, Great Tew, A. Fr.

P. anserina, L. Silvery Cinquefoil. Silver Weed.

Top. Bot. 132. Syme, E. B. iii. 148. 432. Nym. 223.

Native. Glareal. Waysides, damp places. Rather common. P.
June—Aug.

First record, Sib. 1794.

Generally distributed. Two forms occur, one with upper surface of
leaves green, the other covered with silky hairs.

P. argentea, L.
Top. Bot. 132. Syme, E. B. iii. 151. 435. Nym. 224.
Native. Glareal. Dry elevated pastures. Very rare and probably
extinct. P. June.
First and only record, Sib. 1794. Henley Park Hill.
Berks. Near Bessilsleigh in the fields towards Abingdon, Brit. Bucks,
Warwick.

P. reptans, L. Common Cinquefoil.

Top. Bot. 133. Syme, E. B. iii. 149. 432. Nym. 226.

Native. Viatical. Hedges and roadsides, cornfields, etc. Common
and generally distributed. P. June—Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794, p. 161.

It occurs on the south side of the Iffley Road, close to the Cricket
Ground, by the Parks, and in other places about Oxford. The leaflets
vary from three to seven in number.

Var. miata, Nolte. Open Magdalen.

P. procumbens, Sid. Tormentilla reptans, L.

Top. Bot. 133. Syme, E. B. iii. 147. 431. Nym. 226.

Native. Sylvestral. Woods, field borders, ete. P. July-Sept.

First record, Plot, 1677, and first as a British plant, Pentaphyllum
reptans alatum foliis profundis serratis, also in Morison, Ray i, ii, and iii,
Martyn, Gough, Rays Hist., Bot. Guide, Sm. Eng. Fl. Several parts of
Oxfordshire.

3. Swere. Hooknorton Heath, Wiggington Heath. My specimens

seem quite distinct from P. reptans Gull.
102 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

4, Ray. Tackley Heath, fields south of Stow Wood.

5. Isis. Bruern Wood.

6. Thame. Between Hockley and Woods under Shotover, Plot. Open
Magdalen.

7. Thames. Woodcote Common, common near Clump House.

Berks. Bagley Wood. Bucks, Brickhill. Northants, Silverston.
Gloster, Oddington. Warwick.

P. tormentilla, Scop. Tormentil.

Top. Bot. 133. Syme, E, B. iii. 144. 430. Nym. 227. Baxt. 341.
Native. Ericetal, pascual. Heaths, dry pastures. Locally common.
P. June-Sept.

First record, Wm. Coles in Adam in Eden, 1657.

1. Stour. Tadmarton Heath, Bees. /

2. Ouse. Stoke Lyne, H. Fry, Esq.

3. Swere. Adderbury, Hooknorton Heath, Gull. Bretch, Hanwell,
Bees. Wroxton Park, O. V. Alpin. Epwell, Somerton.

4. Ray. Summertown, Hb. R. Linton. In a close that lyeth between
the Wick and Strafford Lane, near Headington, where the biggest
roots that ever I saw grow, Wm. Coles. Kirtlington, Stow Wood,
Tackley Heath, Upper Heyford railside, near Bicester.

5. Isis. North Leigh Heath, Finstock Heath.

6. Thame. Bate’s Leys, Hb. Be. Shotover, Nuneham, railside
Wheatley.

7. Thames. Nettlebed, 4. Fr. Stoke Row, Woodcote, Mongewell,
Nuffield, Binfield, Chinnor, Ibstone, Penley Wood, Stokenchurch,
Binfield, Chanse Heath, Ipsden Heath, etc., etc.

Berks. Boar’s Hill, Bagley Wood, Frilford, Tubney, Isley.

P. fragariastrum, Ehrh. Barren Strawberry.

Top. Bot.134. Syme, E. B. iii. 143. 427. Nym. 228.

Native. Sylvestral. Woods, hedgebanks, ete. Common and generally
distributed. P. Feb.—Nov.

First record, Sib. 1794. Fragaria sterilis, L.

On Shotover with Puccinia Potentille, Grev. and Uredo Potentille,
DC. Bz.

GEUM. L.
G. urbanum, L. Avens.
Top. Bot. 130. Syme, E. B. iii. 197. 457. Nym. 230.
Native. Septal and sylvestral. Woods, thickets, and hedges. Common
and generally distributed. P. May-Aug.
First record, Sib. 1794.
On Shotover with six and seven petals.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 103

G. intermedium, Fhrh.

Top. Bot. 130. Syme, E. B. iii. 199. 458. Nym. 230.
G. urbano-rivale, Reh. Native. Woods. Local andrare. P. May-
July.
First record, Jour. Bot. ix., W. T. Dyer, Elsfield Copse.
4. Ray. Elsfield Copse as above; Beckley Wood; Noke. Report of
Rec. Club since 1880.

This is a hybrid of wrbanum and rivale, the urbanum parentage rather
predominating; with this grows G. intermedium, W., G. rivali urbanum,
Rch., with drooping flowers and brown calyx, a hybrid nearer rivale, and
several forms receding from or approaching to it; some of these are fertile.

Warwick rare.

G. rivale, L. Water Avena.

Top. Bot. 131. Syme, E. B. iii. 200. 459. Nym. 230. Bx. 3.
Native. Sylvestral and pratal. Woods, meadows, and canalsides.
Local, confined to the Ray district. P. May-July.

First record, Sib. 1794, p. 163.

4. Ray. Marston! Noke! Sib. Calves Close Headington, Elsfield
Copse, R. Walker. Cherwell near Thrupp, H. Bos. In Oldbury
near the spring, and in a meadow near the Oxford Canal at south-
west extremity of Kirtlington parish, in the latter place specimens
are more luxuriant, W. Wilson Saunders. Between Kirtlington and
Upper Heyford, Rev. F. Fox / Meadows between Noke and Beckley,
Beckley Wood, meadows bordering Weston Peat Pits, railside be-
tween Upper Heyford and Somerton.

Berks. Hungerford, Northcroft, Kintbury near Newbury, Brit.
Warwick.

Rosa. L.

BR. arvensis, Huds.

Top. Bot. 153. Syme, E. B. iii. 231. 476. Nym. 231. Bx. 325.

Native. Septal. Woods, hedges, etc. Common. Shrub. June-July.

First record, S7b. 1794.

1. Stour. Tadmarton, Sibford.

2. Ouse. Mixbury, Ardley, Hethe, etc.

3. Swere. ‘Not common near Banbury, but u mile or two from it
in several directions becomes very frequent, sometimes more so than
canina, Bees. Common. A variety in the Avenue, Great Tew, with
elongated peduncles, entire sepals, and thickly glandular, 4. Fr.
Somerton, Bloxham, ete.

4. Ray. Headington Wick, H. Bos. Stow Wood, Sid. Marston,
Oddington, etc.

5. Isis. Tar Wood, Sid. Between Canal and Woodstock Road, about a
mile from Oxford, with hispid fruit, Bx. Wychwood, Bladon,
Bruern.
104 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

6. Thame. Copse under Shotover Hill, Sib. Iffley, Dorchester,
Albury, Tetsworth, etc.

7. Thames. Stokenchurch, Hd. Bx. Mongewell, Stoke Row, etc.

Berks. Bagley, H. Bos. Wytham, Boar’s Hill, Tubney, Abingdon,
etc.

BR. bibracteata, Bast. Nym. sp. 231.

Native. Septal. Hedges and wood borders. Rare. June, July.

First record, the Author, Rep. of Rec. Club, 1883.

4, Ray. Noke, Horton-cum-Studley.

7. Thames. Checkendon Wood.

B. stylosa, D.

Comp. Cyb. 164. Nym. 231.

Native. Septal. Thickets. Very rare. Sh. June, July.

First record, A. French, 1870.

3. Swere. In thickets at Bloxham, A. Fr.

Var. R. systyla, Bast.

8. Swere. Hedge by Bloxham Road, Bees.

7. Thames. Kingston Hill, Hd. Ba.

Berks. Donington Castle, J. Bicheno in Walk. Gloster, Warwick
gallicoides, which is probably not a systyla form.

BR. involuta, Sm. E. B. 2068.

Native. Hedges. Very rare. Sh. June.

3. Swere. Milton Lane, 7. Bees.

A plant which I believe is the var. Sabini occurred in a barren state
near Ipsden Heath. Northants, Gloster, Warwick, Berks.

R. mollissima, W.

R. mollis, 8m. R. villosa, L.

Syme, E. B. iii. 208. 466. Nym. 222.

Native. Septal. Hedges on sandy or gravelly soil. Rather rare,

Shrub. June, July.
First record, Dillenius, about 1730, ‘towards Postcombe near Oxford,
where it grows in y® woods and hedges plentifully,’ Hd. Dill., 4542.

3. Swere. Broughton, near the mill, A. Fr. Between Milton and Bar-
ford. Var. cerulea, A. Fr. in Hb. Br. Mus. Dr. Lees (see Rep. of
Rec. Club, 1884) thought this to be a form of tomentosa.

4. Ray. Marston, Headington Copse, Hd. Sherard, but specimens put
in by some later collector, probably Dr. Williams. Begbroke and
Stratfield Brake, H. Bos.

5. Isis. Woodstock, H. Bos. Bladon; Bampton; near Tadpole Bridge,
near Clanfield.

6. Thame. Postcombe, Hb, Dill. Cheney Lane, Hd. Sherard, see
above. Dorchester, see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1881.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 105

7. Thames. Watlington, near Christmas Common, Nettlebed, Check-
endon.

Berks. Dean Court, H. Bos. Tubney, Bagley Wood, Foxcombe Hill,
Bessilsleigh, Cotham. Gloster, Lechlade. Northants. Warwick.

R. tomentosa, Sm.

Top. Bot. 150. Syme, E. B. iii. 209. 467. Nym. 232.

Native. Septal. Hedges, etc. Rather uncommon. Shrub. June, July.

First record, Sid. 1794.

3. Swere. Broughton Mill, £. Walford. Great Tew, O. V. Aplin, fre-
quent, 7. Bees. Newington Paper Mills, near Bodicote, etc.

4, Ray. Between the end of Marston Lane and Headington Copse a rose
is found styled by Mr. Sabine R. tomentosa-Oxoniensis : it is larger
than the common tomentosa, with larger and more pointed leaflets,
more glandular, but less downy, the fruit more hispid, Bz. in
Walk. Marston Lane, Sabine in Hb. Br. Mus. Type in Hb.
Sherard from Marston Lane. Marston Lane ‘ villosa,’ Sib.

5. Isis. Woodstock Road, a variety with the upper surface of the
leaflets smooth, probably var. b. of Wood's Roses in Trans. Linn.
Soc., vol. xii. p. 200. Near the old wall by the side of the foot-
path going through Pinsley Wood near Church Handborough, Br.
MSS. Yarnton, H. Bos. Bampton, Kelmscott.

6. Thame. Cheney Lane, Br. MSS. Bullingdon, H. Bos. Near
Shotover, Dorchester.

7. Thames. Lewknor.

Berks. Copse between Childswell Farm and Cumnor Hurst, Br. MSS.
Bagley Wood.

Var. scabriuscula, Sm.

4. Ray. Between Charlton and Fencott in two places, Rev. Moyle Rogers.

7. Thames. Mongewell.

Var. subglobosa, Sm. R. Sherardi, Dav.

2. Ouse. Mixbury.

4, Ray. Marston.

6. Thame. Bullingdon.

7. Thames. ,Mongewell and Nuffield, see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1881.
Var. fetida, Bast.

7. Thames. Lewknor, see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1883.

BR. rubiginosa, L. Sweet Briar.

Top. Bot. 151. Syme, E. B. iii. 210. 468. Nym. 233.
Native. Septal. Hedges. Ratherrare. Sh. June, July.
First record, Sid. 1794.

8. Swere. Crouch Lane, rare, A. Bees.

4. Ray. Headington Wick Copse, H. Bos. Elsfield.

5. Isis. Wychwood, Sid./ Ditchley, Wootton.
106 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

6. Thame. Clifton, Sib. Shotover, Ba. MSS.
7. Thames. Henley Park Hill, Sib. Hartlock Wood, near Dysous
Wood, Binfield, Rep. of Rec. Club, 1881.

Berks. Bagley Wood! Bx. MSS. Unwell Wood.

R. micrantha, Sm.

Top. Bot. 151. Syme, E. B. iii. 211. 469. Nym. 231.

Native. Septal. Hedges and thickets. Sh. July, Aug.

First record, Boswell, 1860.

8. Swere. Bloxham Road, A. Fr. Crouch Lane, T. Bees.

5. Isis. North Leigh.

6. Thame. Shotover, H. Bos. in Phyt. iv. n. s. p. 100. Magdalen
Copse, H. Bos.

7. Thames. Mongewell, Nettlebed.

Berks. Bagley! Birch Copse, H. Bos.

Var. Briggsii, Baker.

8. Swere. Crouch Lane, A. Fr. I have not seen specimen.

Var. hystrix, Leman.

7. Thames. Caversham, W. Borrer. First record as British in Journ.
Linn. Soc., vol. xi. 222.

R. sepium, Thuil.

Syme, E. B. iii. 212. 470. Nym. 233.

Native. Septal. Hedges. Shrub. Probably extinct.

First record, W. Baxter in Walker's Flora, 1834.

4. Ray. On the Leys, about a mile E. by N. from Upper Heyford, Bz.
(‘a remarkable variety in Marston Lane, near Oxford, with
doubly compound leaves, Mr. Sabine.’ Given under this species in
Walker’s Flora, refers not to this species, but to a variety of canina.
It was found in Marston Lane, a little beyond the road going to
King’s Mill. The plant is now lost.)

Warwick.

R. canina, L. Dog Rose.

Top. Bot. 152. Syme, E. B. iii. 215-226. 472. Nym. 234. 5.

Aggregate. Native. Septal. Hedges, ete. Common and generally
distributed. Shrub. May, June.

First record, Sib. 1794.

Baxter noticed Puccinia Rose, Grev., Uredo Rose, Grev., U. effusa,
Mid., Erysiphe pannosa, Link., on this species about Oxford. In Walker's
Flora Rosa sarmentacea, KE. B. 2595, R. Forsteri, E. B., and R. Borreri,
E. B., are included, but no localities are given.

R. lutetiana, Leman. Syme, E. B. iii, 226.

1. Stour. Tadmarton.

2. Ouse. Mixbury.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 107

- Swere. Banbury, 4. Fr. Thutford, Newington, ete.

. Ray. Marston, Oddington, the common form about Heyford.

- Isis. Woodstock, Eynsham.

. Thame. Albury.

. Thames, Nettlebed, A. Fr. Caversham, Hb. Br. Mus. Col. HU.
Trimen, 1866. Common on the Chalk.

Berks. Frilford, Bagley.

BR. surculosa, Woods.
7. Thames. Nettlebed, not typical, flowers few, leaves not rounded at
base, A. Fr. ? Is it surculosa.
R. spherica, Gren.
4. Ray. Marston, Druce, see Rep. of Record Club, 1881. Two or three
large bushes near Merton, Rev. W. Moyle Rogers. Tackley.
5. Isis. Near Wychwood.
6. Thame. Dorchester.
7. Thames. Stoke Row.
R. senticosa, Ach.
4. Ray. Near Islip.
R. dumatis, Bechst. Syme, E. B. iii. 225. RB. sarmentacea, Sin.
. Stour. Sibford.
. Swere. Between Adderbury and Banbury. 4. Fr. Bloxham.
4. Ray. Between Islip and Beckley, about Oxford, not uncommon,
Bu. MSS.
5. Isis. Near Godstow, W. 7. Dyer, in Brit. Cont. to Berks Flora.
Ditchley, Bruern, Bampton.
6. Thame. Shotover, Dorchester.
7. Thames. Ipsden, Mongewell.
Berks. Bagley, Marcham.

IAT DP w

oe

R. biserrata, Merat. BR. vinacea, Baker.
2. Ouse. Mixbury.
3. Swere. Clattercut.
4, Ray. Fencott, Rev. W. Moyle Rogers. Marston.
R. urbica Lem. Syme, E. B. iii. 225. BR. Forstert, Sm.
Generally distributed.
R. platyphylla, Ran.
5. Isis. Near Bampton.

R. frondosa, Stev.
. Ouse. Near Mixbury.
3. Swere. Between Adderbury and Banbury, 1876, A. Fr.

iss)

R. arvatica, Baker. Syme, E. B. iii. 217.
. Swere. Penhill, ‘ inodora,’ T. Bees.
4, Ray. Charlton, Islip, Rev. W. Moyle Rogers. Oddington.

oo
108 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

5. Isis. Godstow, sub nom. R. inodora, col. H. Boswell in Hb.
Br. Mus.
6. Thame. On Oxford Road, one or two miles from Thame, A. Fr.
7. Thames. Goring, Druce, see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1880.
Berks. Marcham.
R. dumetorum, Thuil. Syme, E, B. iii. 223.
3. Swere. Bloxham.
4. Ray. Marston Lane! Bz. MSS. Otmoor, Druce, see Rep. of Tec.
Club, 1883. Oddington, rather common.
5. Isis. Handborough.
6. Thame. Wheatley, Horspath, Tetsworth.
7. Thames. Woodcote.
R. pruinosa, Baker.
2. Ouse. Near Mixbury.
R. tomentella, Lem. Syme, E. B. iii. 217.
. Stour. Sibford.
Ouse. Mixbury, Hardwick.
‘Swere. Epwell.
. Ray. Otmoor, Druce, see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1881. Stow Wood.
. Isis. Near Godstow, W. 7. Dyer, in Brit. Cont. to Berks Flora.
. Thame. Bullingdon, Rep. of Rec. Club, 1880. Albury.
. Thames. Mongewell.
Berks. Cumnor, Rep. of Rec. Club, 1881.
R. obtusifolia, Desv. BR. inodora, Hook.
4. Ray. Near Beckley.
R. andegavensis, Bast. Syme, H. B. iii. 219.
3. Swere. Between Adderbury and Banbury, 4. Fr.
4. Ray. Beckley, Druce, see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1880.
6. Thame. Shotover, near Wheatley.
R. verticillacantha, Merat.
4. Ray. Marston Lane.
6. Thame. Wheatley.
Berks. Wittenham, see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1881.
R. latebrosa, Deseg.
. Ray. Charlton, Fencott, Islip, Rev. W. Moyle Rogers.
5. Thame. Tetsworth, Druce, see Rep. of Rec. Club, ai
R. aspernata, Deseg.
4, Ray. Charlton, Rev. W. Moyle Rogers.
7. Thames. Near Goring, Druce, see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1880.
R. Kosinciana, Bess. ;
5. Isis. Road between Stonesfield and Charlbury, Druce, see Rep. of
Ree. Club, 1880.
6. Thame. Wheatley, see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1881.

~
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 109

R. cesia, Sm.

2. Ouse. Near Mixbury.

5. Isis. Near Leafield, A. Fr.

Berks, Wokingham, Brit.

&. decipiens, Dumort.
4, Ray. Charlton, Rev. W. Moyle Rogers.
R. Reutert, Godet.
8. Swere. Wykeham, 4. Fr. Tadmarton.
4. Ray. Marston.
6. Thame. Near Albury.
Berks. Hedge by Tubney Wood, see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1881.
R. subcristata, Baker.

6. Thamé. Near Albury, Rep. of Rec. Club, 1881.
BR. Watsoni, Bak.

4. Ray. Between Charlton and Wendlebury.
R. implexa, Gren.

4. Ray. Between Marston and Wood Eaton.

R. coriifolia, Fr. R. bractescens, Woods.

4, Ray. Marston fields.

5. Isis. Near Woodstock Road Station, not typical, leaves rather downy.

6. Thame. Near Albury.

R. Bakeri, Deseg.

8. Swere. Near the Fulling Mill, 1859, 7. Bees.

** R. Cinnamomea, L.

Alien.

Var. flore pleno, at bottom of peat bog on Bullingdon Green, where it
may undoubtedly be considered naturalized, there being four or five large
plants, which, from their appearance, must have been growing there a
number of years. There is no house within a quarter of a mile of the
place, Br. The extraordinary fact of a double variety being found so far
from a house has induced me to insert it in this work, Purton, add., p. 47.

BR. spinosissima, L. Burnet Rose.
Syme, E. B. iii. 203. 461. Nym. 237.
Native. Glareal, ericetal. Heaths, etc. Weryrare. Shrub. June.

4, Ray. Headington, see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1880. Tackley Heath,
Rev. E. Foz.

Berks. Near Blackwater Ford, Brit. Northants, Boro Hill, Har-
leston. Warwick.
AGRIMONIA. L.
A. eupatoria, L. Agrimony.
Top. Bot. 154. Syme, E. B. iii. 128. 417. Nym. 238. Bx. 88.
Native. Pascual. Hedgebanks, wood borders, copses, etc. P. June—
Aug.
IIo FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

First record, Sib. 1794.

1. Stour. Tadmarton, A. Fr.

2. Ouse. Mixbury.

3. Swere. Bodicote, Adderbury, North Newington, Bees. Milton,
A. Fr.

4. Ray. Headington Wick, H. Bos. Studley, Hd. Bz. Marston,
Wood Eaton, Noke, Albury, Bayswater.

5. Isis. Eynsham, Freeland, Woodstock, Cornbury.

6. Thame. Thame, Hb. Bx. Shotover, H. Bos. Dorchester, Cud-
desdon, Tetsworth.

7. Thames. Abundant, and a form which much simulates odorata.

Berks. Childswell Farm, Br. Wootton, Streatley, etc.

A. odorata, Mill.

Syme, E. B. iii. 131. 418. Nym. 238.

Native. Pascual. Wood borders, etc. Rare or overlooked. P. July,
Aug.

First record, H. Boswell, about 1860.

4. Ray. Near Bayswater.

5. Isis. Coombe Wood, H. Bos. Mill Wood near Handborough,

6. Thame. Great Haseley.

7. Thames. South Stoke.

Berks. Streatley. Northants, Gloster, Warwick.

.

ALCHEMILLA. (L.) Scop.
A. vulgaris, L. Lady’s Mantle.

Top. Bot. 156. Syme, E. B. iii. 137. 423. Nym. 238. Bx. 280.
Native. Pratal and sylvestral. Pastures, grassy places in woods.
Local. P. June—Aug.

First record, Wm. Coles in ean in Eden, 1657.

2. Ouse. Finmere Churchyard, R. Pryor in Walk.

8. Swere. In Mill Mead by Rungill’s Well near Adderbury, Wm.
Coles, 1657. Behind Keeper’s Lodge, Wroxton, Gull. Between
Shutford and Balscot, near Wroxton Mill rare, Bodicot Grange,
Bees.

4, Ray. In pastures near Stow Wood, Wm. Coles and Sib. Meadows
between Beandon and Caversfield, borders of Stow Wood.

5. Isis. Wychwood abundantly! Blackstone, 1737. Do. Sib., Martyn,
Gough, Milne, and Gordon, etc. Burford Downs, Sib. Between
Burford and Wychwood just above the ‘ Hit or Miss’ public-house,
Cassington, Bx. in Walk. In low moist meadows between Cas-
sington and Yarnton, Br. Singe Wood, H. Bos. Southcombe,
var. subsericea. Charlbury railbanks.

6. Thame. . Sydenham Hurst, Hd. Bx.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. Ill

7. Thames. Stokenchurch, Hb. Bx. Chinnor, Widley Wood, Queen’s
Wood, Sunley Wood, near Watlington.

Berks. Kintbury, Elcot, Brit.

Is the var. montana, Willd., correctly described in Eng. Bot.?

A. arvensis, Scop. Parsley Piert.

Top. Bot. 157. Syme, E. B. iii. 136. 422. Nym. 238.

Native. Glareal and agrestal. Dry sandy fields, banks, and pastures,
and on mud-topped walls in and about villages. Rather common and
generally distributed, frequently attacked by some fungoid growth. A.
May-Aug.

First record, 818. 1794. A. aphanes, Leers.

SANGUISORBA. L.
8. officinalis, L. Great Burnet.
Poterium officinale, Hook, J. Top. Bot. 154. Syme, E. B. iii. 132.
419. Nym. 238. Bx. 269.
Native. Pratal. Damp meadows. Localandratherrare. P. June—
August.

First record, Blackstone, 1737, Sanguisorba major flore spadiceo, J.B.

2. Ouse. Near Fringford, R. C. Pryor.

3. Swere. Between Cropredy and Williamscott, towards King Sutton
by canalside (on Oxford side), Gwil. Hanwell, Bees. Deddington
Meadows.

4. Ray. Oddington, Br. Fencott, A. fr. Marston, Rev. R. Linton!
By the Cherwell near Oxford, H. Bos. Meadows near Upper Hey-
ford, meadows near Weston Peat Pits; plentiful between Bicester
and Charlton.

5. Isis. In Ascot field, and in a meadow near Spilsbury Church, plen-
tifully, Blackstone MSS. In Ascot field near Wychwood Forest
Gate, Blackst. Spec. Bot. Do. in Gough, Martyn, ete. Cur-
bridge Meadow, Witney, Mr. Fardon in Bot. Guide. Binsey, Sib.
‘A pretty Oxfordshire plant,’ Dr. Goodenough, Bishop of Carlisle,
Sir J. H. Smith's Correspondence. Yarnton, Wolvercote, H. Bos.
Charlbury, Minster Lovell, near Eynsham.

6. Thame. Wheatley, Prof. Daubeny, 1841. Cowley, Iffley, Sib.
Sandford Meadows, W. 7. Dyer, Journ. Bot. ix.

7. Thames. Kidmore and Caversham, F. Tufnail.

Berks. Sandford Meadows, Cumnor, Brit.

POTERIUM. L.
P. sanguisorba, L. Salad Burnet.
P. dictyocarpum, Sp. Syme, E. B. iii. 133. 420. Top. Bot.155. Bx.
438.
I12 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Native. Glareal. Dry grassy places. Rather common, especially on
Oolite and Chalk. P. May-—Aug. :

First record, Sib. 1794.

1. Stour. Near the Stourwell.

2. Ouse. Mixbury, Ardley, Hethe.

8. Swere. Drayton Lane, Gull. Bretch, Bees. Wroxton, Hanwell,
between Tadmarton and Swalecliffe, 4. Fr. Somerton, Shutford.

4. Ray. Between Middleton Stoney and Bicester, 4. Fr. Islip, H.
Bos. Elsfield, Kirtlington, Bayswater, Stanton, Upper Heyford.

5. Isis. Burford Downs, Sib. Wychwood, Woodstock, H. Bos.
Charlbury, Stonesfield, Ditchley, Lyneham Camp.

6. Thame. Wheatley, Sid. Bullingdon, Headington, H. Bos. Holton,
Great Haseley, Tetsworth, Dorchester, etc.

7. Thames. Henley, Sib. Abundant on the Chalk, especially the
Northern Slopes.

Berks. Cumnor, Frilford, Wytham.

* P. muricatum, Sp.

Comp. 166. Syme, E. B. iii. 135. 421. Nym. 240.

Colonist. Pascual and agrestal. Dry chalky fields, railbanks, etc.

Local and rare. P. June—Aug.

First record, J. T. Boswell Syme, about 1850.

4. Ray. Railbanks, Upper Heyford.

5. Isis. Railside, Charlbury.

7. Thames. Goring, Dr. Boswell Syme, Phytol. vol. iv. 861. Goring,
sometimes wild looking, but not, I believe, truly wild, Rev. W. W.
Newbould. South Stoke in clover field.

Var. P. platylophium, Jord.

7. Thames. Clover Field, near Mongewell, see Rep. of Rec. Club,
1881.

Berks. Streatley, Lowberry.

PYRUS. L.

P. Malus, L. The Crab.

Top. Bot. 158. Syme, E. B. iii. 255.489. Nym. 240.

Native. Septal. Woods, hedges. Common and generally distributed.
Small tree. May.

First record, Sid./ 1794.

About Oxford with Erineum Pyrinum, Pers., and in Magd. Water Walks
with a new species, HL. lanoswm, Grev. 1822, Br. USS.

The var. P. acerba, D C. is the common plant.

Var. P. mitis, Syme, E. B. iii. 490.

2. Ouse. Hardwick.

4, Ray. Middleton Stoney, Kirtlington.

7. Thames. Caversham Warren, F. Tufnail. North Stoke.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 113

P. communis, ZL. Wild Pear.

Comp. Cyb. 167. Syme, E. B. iii. 251. 488. Nym. 240.

Denizen. Septal. Hedges. Local and rare. Small tree. April, May.

First record, $2b. 1794.

8. Swere. Meadow below Banbury, A. Fr. Bodicote, R. French.
Between Adderbury and Milton ; near Swalecliffe ; abundant by the
Park, Great Tew, var. Pyraster, A. Fr.

4. Ray. Railside near Upper Heyford, Rev. E. Fox.!

5. Isis. Wychwood, Rep. of Rec. Club, 1881.

6. Thame. Cheney Lane, Headington, Sib. Near Woodperry house,
near Thame Park, 4. Fr. Shotover, 1858, H. Bos. Tree destroyed,
1880. Wheatley Road, Shotover, var. P. Pyraster, B. 1884.

7. Thames. Mongewell; near Wallingford ; near Binfield Heath.

Berks. Hampstead Norris, Aldworth, Brit.

SORBUS. L.
8. aucuparia, L. Mountain Ash.
Pyrus aucuparia, Gaert.
Comp. Cyb. i. 369. Syme, E. B. iii. 248. 486. Nym. 241. Top. Bot. [23].
Denizen (?). Woods. Rare. T. May, June. It may be native on
the Chilterns.
First record, Gulliver, 1821.
. Swere. The Leys not uncommon, A. Fr.
. Ray. A plant of some size on a Pollard Willow in Mesopotamia.
Isis. Freeland.
Thame. Headington Hill, Hd. Lawson. Shotover, Holton.
- Thames. College Wood, Aston Wood, Binfield.
Berks. Copse near Childswell Farm, Bagley, Br. Unwell Wood,
Basildon.
Bucks, Northants, alien. Gloster. Warwick.
** §. fennica, Fr. Alien. Worcester College, planted.

8S. Aria, Cr. White beam Tree.

Pyrus Aria (Sib. in Fl. Gr.), Hook.

Top. Bot. 159. Syme, E. B. iii. 243. 482. Nym. 242.

Native. Sylvestral. Woods on the chalk downs (planted elsewhere).
T. May, June.

First record, Sib. 1794.

3. Swere. Bodicote, planted.

4. Ray. Magd. Coll. Walks, planted.

5. Isis. Handborough.

6. Thame. Stanton St. John, Sib. Crategus Aria, L.; Great Haseley,

Shotover.
Thames. Stokenchurch, Sib. Goring, Hartslock Wood, Grime’s

aL

TTD OUR

“1
1i4 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Dyke, Beacon Hill, Nuffield, Aston, Watlington, Assenton, Stonor
Park, Woodcote, large fruit. Ibstone, Penley Wood, etc.
Berks. Streatley, Unwell Wood. Bucks. Northants, alien. Gloster.
Warwick, alien.
A variety with leaves much more deeply incised than usual occurred
by the Ickleton Road, near Ewelme; Dr. Boswell considered it only a
form of Aria.

S. torminalis, Cr.

Pyrus torminalis, Ehrh.

Top. Bot. 158. Syme, E. B. iii. 241. 481. Nym.202. Bx. 111.

Native. Sylvestral. Woods. Very rare. T. May.

First record, Sib. 1794, Crategus torminalis, L.

5. Isis. Woods near Ashford Mills, Sib. In woods and hedges
on right-hand side of road going from Blenheim Park to
Stonesfield, Bx. 1831. Wychwood, Prof. Lawson, 1871! 1885. °
Ditchley Wood, J. M. Albright.

6. Thame. Stanton St. John, Sib. Waterperry, A. Fr.

7. Thames. Stokenchurch Woods, Sib. Near Nettlebed (planted).

. Berks. Bagley Wood, nearly opposite Kennington, Bz. Sulham
Wood, F. Tufnail. Hampstead Norris, Brit.

MESPILUS. L.

M. germanica, L. Wild Medlar.

Cyb. Br. i. 364. Syme, E. B. iii. 335. 478. Nym. 243.

Denizen. Septal. Hedges and thickets, on chalk downs. Very rare.
Small tree. May, June.

First record, Bolton King and Druce, 1880.

7. Thames. Wood near Henley Park, Bolton King. Hedges about

Kildridge Wood.

The garden form at Moor Mill, near Banbury, Mr. Wyatt. Perhaps

grafted on a Hawthorn.

Berks. Purley. Bucks, near Fawley, denizen.

CRATZEGUS. L.

Cc. Oxyacantha, LD. Hawthorn.

Top. Bot. 157. Syme, E. B. iii. 236. 479.

Native. Septal and sylvestral. Hedges, woods, etc. Abundant and
generally distributed. A small round-headed tree. May, June.

First record, Oxyacantha fol. et fruct. majore. Ricot Park and else-
where in Oxon, How, 1650. ‘The Hawthorn at Bampton in the Bowling
Green hedge, bearing white berries or haws, which indeed, I take to be a
great curiosity, These berries, it is true, I saw not myself, not being there
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. TI5

in time of year for them, but being certified of the truth of it by the
common voice of the parish, and particularly by the worshipful Thomas
Hoard, Esq., who first told me of it,’ Plot, 1677, do. in Rayi. ii. iii., Ray's
Stirp., Gough, Martyn, ete.

‘The Glastonbury thorn at Rycote constantly buds and blossoms at or
near Christmas, the tree is old and now dying, and if even it were trans-
planted, the time is far beyond the memory of man,’ Plot, 1677.

Mr. Baxter noticed Erineum clandestinum and Heidium laceratum, DC.
on the Hawthorn about Oxford.

Some fine thorns still occur on Ipsden Heath attaining nearly thirty
feet in height.

Var. C. monogyna, Jacq. Hawthorn.

Syme, E. B. iii. 237. 480. Nym. 244.

Native. Septal. Hedges, etc. Common. Shrub or small tree. May,
June.

Var. C. oxyacanthoides, Th. Widely distributed, but less common than
preceding form. May and early June.

1. Stour. Sibford.

. Swere. Cropredy.

. Ray. Marston Lane, Noke, Charlton, Tackley, etc.
. Isis. Wychwood, Lyneham.

. Thame. Cowley.

. Thames. Woodcote, etc.

“Tm OTP

Ognp. XXIV. CUCURBITACEA, Juss.

BRYONIA. L.
B. dioica, L. White Bryony.
Top. Bot. 172. Syme, E. B. iv. 35.517. Nym. 246. Bx. 83.
Native. Septal. Hedges. Common, especially on calcareous soil. P.
May-July.
First record, Sib. 1794.

Onp. XXV. ONAGRARIEA. Juss.

EPILOBIUM. L.
E. angustifolium, L. Rose Bay. French Willow.
Top. Bot. 160. Nym. 246. Bx.14. Chamenerium angustifol. Scop.
Native. Sylvestral. Woods, etc. Locallycommon. P. July, Aug.
First record, Dr. Lightfoot, 1765.
Var. E. macrocarpum, Steph. Syme, E. B. iv. 8. 495.
3. Swere. Wroxton Wood, T. Bees. Jeff’s Gorse Cover, T. Brayne.

I2
116 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

5. Isis. Ramsden Copse, Enstone, J. M. Albright. Freeland, Ditchley,
Bruern Wood, etc.

7. Thames. Nuffield Wood, 1765, Dr. Lightfoot. Stokenchurch,
Sib. Grays, near Henley, Dr. Lightfoot, in Sm. Eng. Fl., and Fl.
Brit. Hayleigh Wood, Shirburn Wood, Aston Wood.

Berks. Bagley, above Childswell Farm, near Appleton, Bx. Bucks.
Northants, native. Gloster. Warwick, denizen or native.

Var. E. brachycarpum, Leight. Syme, E. B. iv. 8. 496.

4, Ray. Upper Heyford, Rev. E. Fox.

5. Isis. Between Chipping Norton and Shipton, A. Fr. Between
Bladon and Begbroke, see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1880.

6. Thame. Wheatley railside. |

7. Thames. Between Nettlebed and Crookley, A. Fr.

E. hirsutum, J. Codlins and Cream.

Top. Bot. 161. Syme, E. B. iv. 11.497. Nym. 246.

Native. Paludal. Brook and stream sides, wet places. Generally dis-
tributed throughout the county and locally abundant. P. June-Sept.

First record, Plot, 1677, with white flowers in Oxon.

Baxter noticed on it in Bullingdon Bog and Marston Lane Puccinia
pulverulenta, Aicidium Epilobii, Stictis radiata, Spheria ovina, and
Erysiphe Epilobii. The Thames’ banks are often bordered with a profuse
growth of this plant. It forms a rich colouring when in flower, or in later
autumn when the abundant seed-pods have opened. In the latter condition
it is frequently represented in Keeley Halswelle’s paintings of the Thames.
A glabrous state is not uncommon, and a plant occurred in the Marston
Meadows which suggested a parviflorum hybrid.

E. parvifiorum, Schreb.

Top. Bot. 161. Syme, E. B. iv. 11. 489. Nym. 247.

Native. Paludal. Ditches, meadows, and wet places. Common. P.

June-Aug.

First record, W. Baxter, about 1840.

1. Stour. Near Sibford.

2. Ouse. Stoke Lyne, #. Fry, Esq. Hardwick.

3. Swere. Between Bloxham and Tadmarton, A. Fr. Broughton, EF.
Walford,

4. Ray. Marshes by Cherwell between Kirtlington and Tackley,
Lower Heyford, Marston, Oddington, Kirtlington.

5. Isis. Canal above Oxford, H. FE. Garnsey, Yarnton, Wych-
wood, Hb. R. Linton. Handborough, South Leigh, Ditchley,
Bruern.

6. Thame. Hb. Bx. Thame, Sandford, Hb. Lawson. Iffley.

7. Thames. Goring. ;

A subglabrous state, H. rivulare, Wahl., also occurs ; it has been noted
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 117

from near Mixbury and Marston, E. intermedium, Merat, with leaves
principally alternate also has been found near Marston.

E. tetragonum, L. (aggregate).

Native. Paludal. Ditches, roadsides, etc. Not uncommon. P.
July—Sept.

First record, Sid. 1794.

8. Swere. Between Huscot and Williamscot, Broughton Road, 7. Bees.

5. Isis. Handborough, Yarnton, 7. Thurland.

6. Thame. Long Meadow going to Iffey, old gravel-pits Cowley field,

Ba. MSS.

E. tetragonum, LZ. Segregate. EH. adnatum, Gr.

Syme, E, B. iv. 16. 502, Nym. 247.

Native. Paludal. Ditches in marshy places. Local. Rather rare.

P. July—Sept.

First record, the Author, 1880.

4. Ray. Oddington, see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1883. Charlton and Islip,
Rev. W. Moyle Rogers, 1884. Summertown, Headington, Merton
to Bicester.

5. Isis. Port Meadow, rare.

7. Thames. Near Binfield.

Berks. Wargrave, Wokingham, Brit. Northants, Gloster, Warwick.

E. obscurum, Schreb.

Top. Bot. 162. Syme, E. B. iv. 17. 503. Nym. 247.

Native. Paludal. Ditches, wet places. Not uncommon. P. June-Aug.

First record, the Author, 1880.

2. Ouse. Hethe, Hardwick, etc.

3. Swere. Somerton.

4. Ray. Headington, Bicester.

5. Isis. Ditch by the Isis near Botley, see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1880.

Freeland, South Leigh, Osney, Bruern.

6. Thame. Shotover.

7. Thames. Near Stoke Row.

A form with narrow leaves was noticed at Freeland very different in
aspect from typical obscurum, see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1881. A plant
occurring in the woods near Bruern is worthy of further study. It may
possibly prove to be £. Lamyt.

Berks. Bucks, Northants, Gloster, Warwick.

E. roseum, Schreb.

Syme, E. B. iv. 14.501. Nym. 249.

Native. Sylvestral. Damp waste places. Rare. P. July—Sept.
First record, T. Westcombe, about 1840.
118 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

4. Ray. Garden ground near Barton, 1880, not seen since.
5. Isis. Near Charlbury. I have not seen specimen.
Gloster, Warwick, Northants.

E. montanum, L.

Top. Bot. 161. Syme, E. B. iv. 12. 499. Nym. 249.

Native. Sylvestral, septal. Woods, hedges, etc. Common and
generally distributed, and next to hirsutum our commonest Epilobiwm.
It occurs as a garden weed in Oxford, in shady hedges close to the town,
and on Pollard Willows in The Parks. P. May-—Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794.

A form with much darker flowers occurred near Kingham, which I
suspect to be a hybrid.

E. palustre, L.

Top. Bot. 162. Syme, E. B. iv. 11. 504. Nym. 248.

Native. Paludal, uliginal. Marshes. Local and rare.

First record, Sib. 1794.

3. Swere. [Huscote plentifully, Beesley, but Huscote is in Northants. |

4. Ray. Bogs near Stow Wood, Sib. Headington Wick Bog; much

larger and more branched near Otmoor.

6. Thame. Near Thame, Hd. Bz.

Berks. Bulmershe, F. Tufnail. Frilford. Bucks. Gloster W. Warwick.

This is given in Walker without localities, as if it were as common as
the daisy—it is one of our rarer plants.

CGNOTHERA. L.
* G. biennis, L. Evening Primrose.

Alien. Comp. Cyb. 513. Syme, E. B. iv. 24. 508. Nym. 249.

3. Ray. Half wild in Bicester Church-yard, A. Fr. Waste ground in
Stow Wood, Rev. E. Fox, 1857.

A North-American species becoming established in some places.

CIRCEA. L.
C. Lutetiana, L. Enchanter’s Nightshade.

Top. Bot. 164. Syme, E. B. iv. 28.511. Nym. 249. Bx. 9.

Native. Sylvestral. Moist shady woods. Generally distributed, but
not verycommon, P. June—Aug.

First record, Sid. 1794.

2. Ouse. Shelswell.

8. Swere. Between Drayton and Wroxton, Gull. Hanwell, Christ
Church Chapel ground, New Land, A. Fr. Broughton, T. Bees.

4. Ray. Begbroke, Magd. Coll. Walk.

5. Isis. Cornbury, T. Westcombe / Handborough, Mill Wood, Bruern.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 119

6. Thame. Nuneham, H. Bos. Shotover Plantations.

7. Thames. Chinnor, Withy Coppice, Oaken Wood, Mongewell,
Sunley Wood, Goring, Stoke Row, Clump House, ete.

Berks. Bagley, H. Bos.

(C. intermedia, on a wall in Warwickshire.]

Orp. XXVI. HALORAGEA, Br.

HIPPURIS. Br.

H. vulgaris, L. Mare’s Tail.

Top. Bot. 166. Syme, E. B. iv. 33. 516. Nym. 250. Bx. 49.
Native. Lacustral. Slow streams, pools, ditches. Local. P. June,
July.

First record, Sir Jos. Banks, ‘ prope Oxoniam,’ 1760.

2. Ouse. Wynn Brook below the bridge at Fringford, R. C. Pryor.

3. Swere. Drayton, Gull. King’s Mill rare, Clattercut Pool, Wrox-
ton Lower Pond, brook between Wroxton and Drayton, 7. Bees.

4. Ray. Tackley.

5. Isis. Blenheim Park! Eynsham Common, Binsey Common! S%b.
Ditches near the Canal between High Bridge and Heyfield’s Hut!
Port Meadow! Bz. ix Walk. Ditches near Oxford! Rev. W.
Rufford in Purton. Godstow! Hb. Lawson. Cornbury Park in
the ponds, Ditchley.

Berks. Buckland, H. Bos. Kintbury, Pangbourne, Brit.

MYRIOPHYLLUM. L.
M. spicatum, L.

Top. Bot. 168. Syme, E. B. iv. 32.524. Nym. 250.
Native. Lacustral. Ditches, ponds. Locally not uncommon. P. June—
Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794.

3. Swere. Pond at Broughton, rare, Guill. Canal at Banbury, A. Fr.
Jack Brook Broughton, R. French. Calthorp Pond, Clattercut
Pool, Hardwick, 7’. Bees.

4. Ray. Marston Meadows.

5. Isis. Cornbury Pond, T. Westcombe, do. Hb. Lawson. Port
Meadow, see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1880. Near Duke’s Lock.

6. Thame. In river at Thame, Hd. Be.

7. Thames. Henley in river, Hb. Stubbs Br. Mus,

Berks. Buckland, H. Bos. Ditches near Devil’s Back Bone, 1844!
W. Bx. South Hinksey! Northants, Gloster, Warwick.
120 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

?M. alterniflorum, DC.

Syme, E. B. iv. 32. 515. Nym. 250.

Native. Lacustral. Overlooked or very rare.

First record, Morison (Bobart, 1699), ‘In foss. prope Lodden Bridge
haud longe a Redunga oppido. M. aquat. pennatis minus foliosus, sin-
gularibus latiusculis flosculis subjectis donatum, Hist. Ox. iii. 622.

This may be on the Berkshire side.

Berks (?), Northants (?). Gloster West, Warwick, Farnborough Pool
just out of Oxon.

M. verticillatum, L.

Top. Bot. 167. Syme, E. B. iv. 31. 513. Nym. 250. Bx. 376.
Native. Lacustral. Rivers, streams, ete. Local. P. July, Aug.
First record, Sid. 1794.
8. Swere. Mill Meadow, Brook in Grimsbury Wharf Close, 7. Bees.
Broughton Jack Brook, A. Hr. Clattercut reservoir.
4. Ray. Ditches in Kirtlington Meadow, W. Wilson Saunders.
Otmoor, Marston Meadows.
5. Isis. By bridge on Botley Road going to Medley, Sib. Ditches
near Port Meadow, Bx 1819 in. Purton. Blenheim, Wolvercote,
H. Bos. Isis side below Medley Lock, Duke’s Lock. The Myrio-
phyllum of the Thames from Kelmscott to Eynsham.
6. Thame. River two miles from Thame, 4. Fr.
7. Thames, River at Henley, Hb. Stubbs in Br. Mus. Pond on Wood-
cote Common.
Berks. South Hinksey ditches by Devil’s Back Bone! W. Bu. Mar-
cham, Abingdon Canal.
Var. M. pectinatum, D C. With above, shallow ditches, Port Meadow,
see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1880. Cornbury Park, Marsh by canalside near
Duke’s Lock.

Orv. XXVIII. CALLITRICHINES, Zk.

CALLITRICHE. JL.
C. acquatica, L. (aggregate). Water Starwort.

Native. Ponds, streams, wet muddy places. Common and generally
distributed. A.orP. April-July.

First record, Sib. 1794, who also gives var. b. ‘CO. terrestris, foliis omni-
bus ovalibus, and var. c. C. autumnalis (C. hamulata), foliis omnibus
lUinearibus apice bifidis, floribus hermaphroditis. The var. a. having
* floribus androgynis. Prof. Sibthorp observes ‘ Planta polymorpha
plus minusve in aqua submersa, figuram varians. Var. a. in horto Oxon.
culta in var. c. transit. The Brit. Flora, p. 4, 1804, disputes this.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. I21

C. stagnalis, Scop.
Native. Inundatal, lacustral. Ditches, ponds, etc. Common and
generally distributed. P. May-Aug.
First record, Baxter, about 1840, sub nom. ‘ verna autumnalis.’
Ouse. Mixbury.
. Swere. Somerton, Bloxham.
Ray. Marston ditches, Otmoor.
- Isis. Burford, Handborough, South Leigh, Kingham, Port Meadow.
. Thame. Thame, Hd. Bx. Albury, Dorchester, Iffley.
. Thames. Sanders’ Green, Stoke Row, Woodcote.
Berks. South Hinksey, Abingdon Canal, Marcham, etc.
Var. platycarpa, Kiitz.
3. Swere. Clattercut.
4, Ray. Marston, Otmoor.

5. Isis. Side of river near Medley Lock, see Rep. of Ex. Club, 1880.
Berks. Radley.

C. obtusangula, Le Gall.

Native. Lacustral. Streams, ditches, ete. Not uncommon, May-Aug.

First record, the Author, in Journ. of Botany, Sept. 1884.

2. Ouse. Mixbury.

3. Swere. Broughton.

4. Ray. Kirtlington, Marston.

5. Isis. Evenlode near Handborough Station, Port Meadow, Clanfield,
Kelmscott.

7. Thames. Brook between North and South Stoke, see Journ. Bot.,
Sept. 1884.

Berks. Moulsford.

A form with much narrower upper leaves (?), C. Lachii, Warren, occurred
in some brooks at Marston.
In all the border counties.

Cc. hamulata, Kitz. Syme, E. B. viii. 120. 273.

Native. Lacustral. Streams, etc. Local. Not common. P. May-
Aug.

First record, Sir Jos. Banks, 1760, sub nom. ‘ C. autumnalis, prope Oxon.
in Hb. Brit. Mus.

2. Ouse. Mixbury.

4. Ray. Near Bicester, Marston.

5. Isis. Port Meadow, Druce, see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1880.

C. autumnalis of Walker’s Flora is this.

The true autwmnalis is very different, and is only found in the northern
counties and Scotland.
122 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE,

Var. C. pedunculata, DC. Syme, E. B. viii. 121. 1274.

(Var. b. probably of Sibthorp.) Muddy places. Rare. P. May-—
Aug.

First certain record, the Author, 1879.

5. Isis. Freeland, Bruern.

7. Thames. Stoke Row, Woodcote, Ipsden Heath, Kingstone Hill.

Berks. Bagley Wood.

Orv. XXVIII. CERATOPHYLLACEA, Gray.

CERATOPHYLLUM. JL.

C. aquaticum, LZ. B. (aggregate).

Top. Bot. 170. Syme, E. B. vii. 123. 1276.

Native. Lacustral. Rivers, ditches. Local. P. July, Aug.

First record, Merrett. Millefolium aquaticum cornutum. In ditches

about Oxford, 1667.

2. Ouse. Mixbury.

8. Swere. Cherwell, near Twyford, 4. Fr. Cherwell, about Banbury,
T. Bees.

4, Ray. Near Merton. Submersum.

5. Isis. Wolvercote, south end of Port Meadow, H. Bos. Plentiful
about Oxford, Bax. ‘demersum. Ditchley, Medley Lock.

6. Thame. In river two miles from Thame, Hb. Bu. ‘demersum. Be-
tween Sandford and Nuneham, H. Bos.

7. Thames. South Stoke, Moulsford, Rep. of Rec. Club, 1880.

Berks. Buckland, H. Bos. Moulsford, see above.

Orv. XXITX. LYTHRARIEZ, Juss.

LYTHRUM. L.

L. salicaria, L. Purple Loosestrife.

Top. Bot. 171. Syme, E. B. iv. 2. 491. Nym. 251.

First record, 81d. 1794.

Native. Paludal. Streamsides. Generally distributed by our rivers
and streams, and especially abundant by the Thames, as at Pangbourne,
‘where a glow of rich purple greets the eye, even from a considerable
distance, wherever the Purple Loosestrife predominates’ (Mrs. 8S. C. Hall).
It is a prominent feature in paintings of Thames scenery, and is well
represented in Vicat Cole’s ‘Iffley Mill,’ ete. P. July-Sept.

** L, acutangulum, Lag. L. Grafferi, Ten. L. flexuosum, Lag.

Alien. A specimen on mud recently dredged from the river near Osney.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 123

** BL. hyssopifolia, L.

Top. Bot. (23 casual or erroneously reported). Syme, E. B. iv. 38. 492.
Nym. 250.

Colonist. Inundatal. Damp places. Very rare, probably extinct. A.
June—Sept.

First record, Gratiola angustifolia, John Gerarde, 1633.

5. Isis. On left-hand side of towing-path going from Wolvercote to
Yarnton, not far from King’s Bridge, Mr.’Scott, Wore. Coll., 1831.
In watery places on the left-hand of the first turnpike gate on the
Banbury Road, Sib.

6. Thames. Mr. Bowles found it at Dorchester on the back of
the enclosed grounds on the left-hand side of road, if you would
ride from thence to Oxford, in the grassy places of the Champions
cornfields, Gerarde, Em., p. 582. James Benwell found this pretty
little plant in some old gravel-pits between St. Clement’s and
Cowley Marsh, soon after the publication of Flora Oxoniensis. I
searched this place for two or three years without success. I have,
however, since found it in considerable plenty in wet furrows in
the neighbourhood of the gravel-pits, and also in the field between
the London Road and Long Meadow, but in the greatest abundance
on the north side of the London Road, about 150 yards from the
enclosed fields, W. Bx. MSS., 1825. On the right-hand side of
road going from St. Clement’s to Cowley Marsh, nearly opposite the
foot-path to the Asylum, Br. MSS., Sept. 1848. Wallingford, Oxon,
Syme, EF. Bot.

Berks. Cholsey, J. 8. Henslow, 1835. Northants extinct.

PEPLIS. L.
P. portula, L. Water Purslane.
Top. Bot. 172. Syme, E. B. iv. 4. 493. Nym. 252. Bx. 220.
Native. Uliginal. Wet places or heaths. Very local. P. July,
Aug.
First record, Sib. 1794.
5. Isis. South Leigh Heath, Eynsham Heath, Sib. Ramsden Heath!
T. Westcombe. North Leigh Heath, Bruern.
6. Thame. In an old clay-pit on N.E. side of Shotover, Br. MSS.
7. Thames. Nettlebed, Sib. Woodcote Heath, Binfield Heath.
The Ramsden Heath plant had the Hybernacula well developed.

Orv. XXX. PORTULACACEA, DC.

MONTIA. L.
M. fontana, LD. Blinks.
Top. Bot. 173. Syme, E. B. ii. 136. 259. Nym. 253. Bx. 196.
124 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Native. Uliginal, inundatal. Wet places or heathy grounds. Local,
rather rare. A.or P. April-Aug.

First record, Sib. 1794.

5. Isis. South Leigh Heath, Sid. Ramsden Heath, T. Westcombe.
Wychwood, Finstock Heath, Bruern.

6. Thame. Shotover! Sib. Horspath, Bax. in Walk. Thame, ‘ Bates
Leys,’ Br. MSS. Albury.

7. Thames. Woodcote Common, Binfield Heath, Ibstone, Ipsden Heath,
Watlington Woods, Kingston Hill.

Berks. Powder Hill Copse, H. Bos. Bagley, Frilford.

** Claytonia perfoliata, Donn. Syme, E. B. ii. 137. 260.

Alien. Garden ground, Oxford, Rev. R. Linton.

[Claytonia alsinoides, Sims.

Mentioned as a new British plant received from Mr. W. Baxter, of
Oxford, in the report of the Bot. Soc., Lond., but not stated by him to
grow in Oxford, Fr. MSS. He had it from Mr. (afterwards) Sir Joseph
Paxton, see Ba. 253.]

Orv. XXXI. SCLERANTHEA, Lk.

SCLERANTHUS, L.
S. annuus, L. Knawel.
Top. Bot. 173, Syme, E. B. vii. 181.1175. Nym. 257. Bx. 439.
Native. Glareal, agrestal. Sandy cornfields. Local, not very common.
A.or B. June-Sept.
First record, Sid. 1794.
1. Stour. Tadmarton, 4. Fr.!
4. Ray. Field by Headington Wick, H. BE. Garnsey. Headington,
Sid. Elsfield! Rev. R. Linton.
5. Isis. South Leigh, Sib. Wychwood, Hb. Lawson. Foxcot.
6. Thame. Shotover! Ba.
7. Thames. Mongewell, Nuffield, Goring, Whitchurch, Cane End,
Woodcote, etc.
Berks. Boar’s Hill, Frilford.
Var. biennis, Reut. Brightwell Downs, Oxon. Boar’s Hill, Berks.
[S. perennis, Z. Northants extinct. Warwick, ‘Top. Bot. 38.’ Pro-
bably an error, the variety biennis was more likely the plant intended,
and the Northants plant may have been the same variety.]

Orv. XXXII. CRASSULACEA, DC.

COTYLEDON. L.
Cc. umbilicus, L. Navel Wort. Umbilicus pendulinus, D C.
Top. Bot. 178. Syme, E. B. iv. 62. 539. Nym. 258. Bx. 279.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 125

Denizen. Rupestral. Old walls. Very local and rare. P. June-
Aug.

First record, Wm. Coles, 1657, in Adam in Eden.

5. Isis. Oxford, especially about Merton College, there, both within
and without, upon the old garden wall that is next the fields,
W. Coles. Plentiful among the ruins of Osney Abbey and on
Godstow Bridge, Blackstone MSS.,1737. On walls of Rewley
Abbey and on Godstow Bridge abundantly, Bl. Spec.,1746. Ona
wall near Godstow Bridge and Nunnery, Sid. Osney Mill, Hb.
Br. Mus. col. Ed. Forster, Junr. Coggs, F. Westell. Hailey
near Witney, H. Bos.

6. Thame. Iffley, Cowley, Sib.

Berks. About Abingdon, Wm. Bicheno. Ferry Hinksey, Be.
South Hinksey, H. Bos./ Marcham. Northants, denizen or native.
Gloster E. Warwick.

This is given in Walker as a common plant. It is fast disappearing

from the county, if not already extinct.

** Sempervivum tectorum, LZ. House leek.

Syme, E. B. iv. 61. 538. Comp. Cyb. 516. Nym. 259. Bx. gor.

Alien. On walls and cottage roofs, scattered throughout the county,

but with no claims to indigenity.

SEDUM. L.

S. vulgare, Lk. Orpine, Live-long.

S. Telephium, L.

Top. Bot.175. Syme, E. B. iv.49. 526. Nym. 260.

Native. Sylvestral. Woods and thickets. Local, ratherrare. P. July,

Aug.

First record, Wm. Coles, 1657.

4, Ray. Headington Wick Copse, Sib. Stow Wood! Bz. MSS. Mid-
dleton Stoney, Rev. H. Fox.

6. Thame. Headington Quarries, W. Coles. Shotover, Sid.

7. Thames. Henley, H. Bos. Near Ipsden! Rev. F. Bennett. Kid-
more, F. Tufnail. Grime’s Dyke, Crowsley, Checkenden, Cane
End.

Berks. Bagley! Bx. Buckland, H. Bos. Isley, Kintbury, etc., Brit.

The above appear to belong to the variety S. purpurascens, Koch.

** §. hybridum, L.
Alien. Naturalized on village walls, and as frequent as album.
Charlbury, Stonesfield, Clanfield, Handborough, Headington.

** S. rupestre, Huds. Syme, E. B. iv. 58.536. Comp. Cyb. 179.
Alien. Walls at Barford St. Michael, Milcombe, A. Fr. Not un-
126 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

common about village walls in this neighbourhood, but has scarcely a
claim to be considered wild, A. Fr. MSS. I have not seen specimen.

** §. Forsterianum, Sm. Syme, E. B. iv. 59. 537-

Alien. Walls at Bicester, A. Fr. I have not seen specimen; possibly
both of these belong to next species.

* §. reflexum, L. Yellow Stonecrop.

Comp. Cyb. 516. Syme, E. B. iv. 58.534. Nym. 261.

Alien. Old walls. Rathercommon. P. June-Aug.

First record, Sib. 1794.

8. Swere. Hanwell, North Newington! Deddington Castle, Gull.
Newland, Bees. Williamscot, Adderbury, Barford, A. Fr. Shut-
ford, T. Brayne.

4. Ray. Bicester, H. Chandler in Hb. Br. Mus. Bletchingdon, Islip,
Marston, Heyford, Kirtlington.

5. Isis. Merton, Trinity, and Wadham College Walls, Sib. Hand-
borough; Woodstock, Wilcote, Burford.

6. Thame. St, Clement’s, Bx. MSS. Great Milton, Great Haseley,
Tetsworth, Dorchester.

7. Thames. Maple Durham, Goring, Woodcote, etc.

Berks. Frilford, Marcham, Sandford.

S. acre, L. Golden Stonecrop.

Top. Bot. 177. Syme, EH. B. iv. 55.532. Nym. 262. Bx. 364.

Native. Glareal. Wall-tops and dry sandy ground. Common in the
former situation throughout the county. P. June, July.

First record, Sib. 1794.

* §. album, L. White Stonecrop.

Comp. Cyb. 516. Syme, E. B. iv. 529. S. teretifoliwm, Haw.

Alien. Old walls in and about villages. P. July, Aug.

First record, Wm. Baxter MSS, 1831.

2. Ouse. Mixbury.

3. Swere. West Adderbury, Upper Tadmarton, A. Fr. Epwell.

4. Ray. Several old walls at Upper Heyford, Br. MSS. Bicester,
E. Chandler in Hb. Br. Mus. Plentiful on roofs in Islip, Ba. 1831.
Oddington, Beckley.

5. Isis. Kidlington, H. Bos, Charlbury, Fawler.

6. Thame. Cuddesden,"H. Bos. Headington, Dorchester.

7. Thames. Maple Durham.

Berks. Marcham.

* §. dasyphyllum. L.

Comp. Cyb. 575. Syme, E. B. iv. 54.530. Nym. 262.
Denizen. Old walls. Localand rare. P. June, July.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 127

First record, Sib. 1794.

4, Ray. Magd. Coll. Walls, Rose Lane, 812. Do. in Purton.

5. Isis. Ch. Ch. Walls on to meadow, R. CO. Pryor. Woodstock, Long
Handborough, Bampton.

6. Thame. Headington, Iffley.

Berks. South Hinksey, Bessilsleigh, Marcham, Cotham, Dry Sandford,
Ferry Hinksey. Gloster E., Fairford, Lechlade. Northants, very
rare, Brigstock.

This very local plant is given unlocalised in Walker’s Flora.

(Tillaa Muscosa, L.

Top. Bot. 175. Syme, E. B. iv. 49. 526. Nym. 265.

4, Ray. Rev. E. Fox informs me this occurred at Upper Heyford in

his garden on the grass-plot until he destroyed it. Recorded on very
doubtful authority for Berks.]

Orv. XXXTIJ. GROSSULARIE, DC.

BRIBES. L.
BR. Uva crispa, L. Wild Gooseberry.

Comp. Cyb. 177. Syme, E. B. iv. 38. 518. Nym. 266.

Denizen. Septal. Hedges, ete. Not common, but generally dis-
tributed. Shrub. April, May.

First record, Sib. 1794. B. uva crispa ‘ baccis glabris.’

2. Ouse. Ardley.

3. Swere. Broughton Road, Bees. Adderbury, Hanwell, Hardwick

Hill, Burford, on a willow, A. Fr.

4. Ray. Near the Parks, Br. MSS. Bucknell, Rousham, Magd. Coll.
Walks.

‘5. Isis. Great Tew, A. Fr. Stonesfield.

6. Thame. Cowley field, Headington, White Wood, Sib. Ina hedge
at bottom of Peat Bog, Bullingdon, Ba. in Purton. Old quarries
at Bullingdon, H. Bos. Dorchester, Shotover.

7. Thames. Goring, Cane End, Whitchurch, Watlington, Sunley
Wood, Woodcote, ‘ glabrous fruit.’

I cannot apportion the above records to the two forms of Grossularia.
Sibthorp’s ‘ baccis glabris’ refers to Uva erispa, L. The hairy fruited
form R. Grossularia, L. appears to be most frequent. I have seen it at

2. Ouse. Mixbury, R. C. Pryor. Hethe.

. Swere. Near Somerton.

. Ray. Between Heyford and Kirtlington.

. Isis. Near Fawler, Stonesfield, Wychwood.
. Thame. Near Clifton Hampden.

. Thames. Mongewell.

STD OF co
128 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

* R, nigrum, L. Black Currant.

Comp. Cyb. 177. Syme, E. B. iv. 45.523. Nym. 266.

Denizen. Septal, etc. Hedges and streamsides. Local and rare.
Shrub. April, May.

First record, R. C. Pryor, 1832, or Merrett, 1667.

2. Ouse. Westbury and Finmere, R. C. Pryor.

3. Swere. On a willow tree, Barford, Wm. A. French.

4. Ray. Heyford.

7. Thames. Near Christmas Common.

Merrett, 1667, refers to Ribes fructu nigro. ‘By the river side at Ab-
bington,’ which may be an Oxford locality.

R, rubrum, L. Red Currant.

Comp. Cyb. 177. Syme, E. B. iv. 40. 520. Bx. 345.

Native. Sylvestral. Woods and hedges. Local. Shrub. April, May.

First record, Sib. 1794.

8. Swere. North side of Drayton Lane, Gull. Hanwell, Wroxton,
Barford in a tree, A. French MSS.

4, Ray. Magd. Coll. Walks, $d. Weston Peat Pits, W. Wilson
Saunders. Weston-on-the-Green, H. Bos. Noke, Islip, Stow Wood,
var. R. sylvestre, Reich. Rousham, var. R. sativum, Reich.

5. Isis. Copse near Godstow, H. Ridley. Finstock.

6. Thame. Shotover Plantations, Bx.

7. Thames. Goring.

Berks. Bagley, Childswell Farm, H. Bos.

Several of the above records are of the garden plant, R. sativum, Syme.

The Ray records are of the wild var. sylvestre,

** R, alpinum, L.

Alien. Naturalized near Whitchurch! Bolton King, 1881.

Northants alien. Gloster alien. Warwick denizen.

Orv. XXXIV. SAXIFRAGACEA, DC.

SAXIFRAGRA. L.
8S. granulata, L. Meadow Sazifrage.

Top. Bot. 181. Syme, E. B. iv. 77.555. Nym. 272.
Native. Glareal and pascual. On gravelly soils. Locally common,
but absent from considerable tracts of country. P. April-June.

First record, Sib. 1794.

1. Stour. Tadmarton Heath, abundant.

3. Swere. Near Adderbury, Gull. Pest-house field Bretch, Bees.
Meadow Banbury, Tadmarton, Neithrop, 4. Fr. Banbury locally
common, O. V. Aplin. Crouch Lane, etc., Bees,
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 129

4. Ray. Abundant in Stow Wood at back of the Red Lion, Bx. Hey-
ford, plentiful, Rev. E. Fox. Headington Wick, Elsfield, H. Bos.
Beckley.

5. Isis. Kidlington Common, Burford Downs, Sid. Near Spilsbury,
J. M. Albright.

6. Thame. Shotover! Sib., do. Bx. in Purton. Wheatley, Dorchester
on the Dykes, Rev. F. Bennett.

7. Thames. Goring, Hb. Lawson. Mongewell Wood.

Berks. Wytham, H. Bos.

8. tridactylites, L. Rue-leaved Saxifrage.

Top. Bot. 181. Syme, E. B. iv. 75. 552. Nym. 274.
Native. Glareal. Old walls and dry ground. Generally distributed,
but only locally common. A. April-June.
First record, Sid. 1794.
2. Ouse. Mixbury.
3. Swere. Bretch, Tadmarton, walls about Banbury, A. Fr. Beck-
brook very large form, R. French. Bloxham, Epwell.
4, Ray. Elsfield, H. Bos. Noke, Wood Eaton, Upper Heyford, Lower
Heyford.
5. Isis. Garsington, Witney, H. Bos. Near Ashford Mills, Woodstock,
Shipton near Wychwood, Stonesfield, Eynsham, Lyneham Camp.
6. Thame. Thame, A. Ir. Cowley, H. Bos. Nuneham, Cuddesden.
7. Thames. Goring, Newbd./ Maple Durham.
Berks. South Hinksey, Kennington, Marcham, Tubney.
** §. hypnoides, Z.
Alien. Garden escape. Walls at Stanton St. John, H. Bos. Charl-
bury, ete.

CHEYSOSPLENIUM. JL.

C. oppositifolinm, ZL. Golden Saxifrage.

Top. Bot. 183. Syme, E. B. iv. 84. 563. Nym. 276. Bx. 140.

Native. Uliginal. Streams in shady places. Very local. P. April.

First record, Sib. 1794.

8. Swere. Near the flowing spring Horley, A. Fr.

4, Ray. Noke Wood, Mr. Whiteaves, 1856.

5. Isis. Sarsgrove Wood, Hd. Bz. 1831.

6. Thame. Shotover near the spring! Shotover Plantations! Sid.
Horspath Lane! R. Walker, see Br. B. Pl. 140, - Holton Wood,
Mr. Whiteaves. North side of Shotover, in abundance, by brook-
side running to Shotover House.

Sibthorp notes, ‘ Variat plerumque floribus octandris.’

Berks. Bagley, Rev. E. Fox. Tilehurst, in small coppice, F. Tufnail.

Bucks, at Bledlow, very near the Oxfordshire boundary.

K
130 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

[C. alternifolium, Z. Berks, Bagley Wood, Rev. E. Fozx.}
Bucks, Clifden Wood, Brit. Gloster E., Warwick.

Orp. XXXV. UMBELLATA, L.

DAUCUS. L.
D. carota, L. Wild Carrot.
Top. Bot. 202. Syme, E. B. iv. 157.615. Nym. 279. Bx. 180.
Native. Pascual. Fields, roadsides. Very common and generally
distributed. B. June-Aug.
First record, Sib. 1794.

CAUCALIS. Hn.

C. daucoides, L.

Top. Bot. 203. Syme, E. B. iv. 617. Nym. 281. Bx. 459.

Colonist. Agrestal. Cornfields. Very rare, or extinct. A. June.

First record, ? Merrett, 1667, Caucalis echinophora major et minor
purp.; and near Slough, Middlesex (but no mention is made of this in the
Middlesex Flora).

3. Swere. About Banbury, in cornfields, Merrett as above. Can this

be Merrett’s plant ?

4. Ray. Cornfields between Middleton Stoney and Bucknell, Sib.

Caucalis lato apii folio, C.B. P. ‘Inter segetes in comitatu Oxon.
Bercherie aliusque invenitur,’ Morison, iii. 308. Frequent in county
of Oxford, Sm. Eng. Fl. No recent record.

The disappearance of this plant and Bupleurum, Adonis, and Delphinium,
is probably owing to much cleaner seed-corn being now sown than was
formerly used.

Berks. Reading, Brit. Northants extinct. Gloster, Warwick.

TORILIS. G.

T. anthriscus, Gm. Hedge Parsley.

Top. Bot. 203. Syme, E. B. iv. 163. 620. Nym. 281. Bx. 347.

Caucalis anthriscus, Huds. Native. Septal. Hedgesides and waste
places. Abundant and generally distributed; occurring on the Castle
Mound, etc., in Oxford. A. July—Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794.

T. helvetica, Gm. Caucalis arvensis, Huds. C. infesta, Curt.

T. infesta, Spr. Top. Bot. 203. Syme, E. B. iv. 162. 619. Nym. 281.

Native. Agrestal. Cornfields. Not uncommon, especially on calca-
reous soil. A. July-Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794, Caucalis arvensis, Ait., unless Merrett’s ‘Caucalis
Echinophora minor’ in cornfields about Banbury refers to this.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. I3I

1. Stour. Sibford.

2. Ouse. Hardwick.

3. Swere. Bretch, North Newington, T. Bees. Somerton, A. Fr.

4. Ray. Kirtlington, H. Bos. Beckley, Elsfield, Middleton Stoney.

5. Isis. Woodstock, H. Bos. North Leigh, Charlbury, Bruern,
Kingham.

6. Thame. Thame, Hb. Bx. Shotover, H. Bos. Dorchester, Cuddes-
den, Iffley.

7. Thames. Near Chazey Wood, F. A. Lees. Goring, Nuffield, Chinnor.
Berks. Boar's Hill, Tubney.

T. nodosa, G.
Top. Bot. 204. Syme, E. B. iv. 164.621. Nym. 282. Caucalis nodosa,
Scop.
Native. Glareal. Banks, field borders. Local, preferring dry sunny
lanks. A. May-Aug.
First record, Sib. 1794. Caucalis nodosa, Ait.
1. Stour. Near the Stourwell.
8. Swere. On a bank at Oxford Bar Drayton, Gull. Bretch, Bees.
Twyford, J. French. Bloxham Road, A. Fr.
4. Ray. Headington Wick, H. Bos./ Middleton Stoney.
5. Isis. Bank near Heyfield’s Hut, T. Thurland. Wolvercote, Hb.
Lawson. Woodstock Road, H. Bos. Tangley, Wolvercote Bridge.
6. Thame. Bullingdon, H. Bos.! Near Thame, Hb. Bx. Shotover,
Dorchester.
7. Thames. Henley, A. Fr.
Berks. Wootton, Rev. F. Bennett.

ANGELICA. L.

A. sylvestris, L. Angelica. ;

Top. Bot. 201. Syme, E, B. iv. 145.607. Nym. 283. Bx. 491.

Native. Sylvestral. Woods, thickets, hedgerows, ete. Common and
generally distributed. P. July, Aug.

First record, Sib. 1794.

Baxter found on stems of Angelica Heterospheria Patella, Grev., and
several other fungi about Oxford.

PASTINACA. IL.

P. sativa, L. Wild Parsnep.

Top. Bot. 202. Syme, E. B. iv. 151.612. Nym. 289. Bx. 172.

Native. Viatical. Field borders, roadsides. Locally common and
widely distributed ; especially common on the Oolite, Clay, and Chalk. A.
or B. July, Aug. Peucedanum sativum, B.

First record, Sib. 1794. P. sylvestris, L.

K 2
132 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

The glabrous form, P. sativa, Mill., occurs occasionally as » garden

outcast. :
HERACLEUM. L.

H. sphondylium, L. Hog-weed, Cow Parsnep.

Top. Bot. 302. Syme, E. B. iv. 154.613. Nym. 291. Bx. 130.

Native. Septal. Hedgerows, pastures. Abundant and generally dis-
tributed. P. June—Aug.

First record, Sphondylium hirsutum foltis angustioribus, C.B.P. In
pratis Cornburiensibus agri Oxon. Morison, iii. 313, 1699.

Baxter found Puccinia Heraclea, and Dothidia Heraclea on it about
Oxford.

The narrow-leaved form, angustifolium, Bab., mentioned by Bobart,
has also been noticed about Stonesfield, Tadmarton, Cropredy, and Goring.
At Nuffield Heraclewm occurred with dark red flowers, and also at Bin-
field. Pink flowered forms are not uncommon.

TORDYLIUM. L.

* T. maximum, L. Great Hartwort.

Top. Bot. 202. Extinct everywhere (?).. Syme, E. B. iv. 155. 614.
Nym. 390. Hook. Curt. vol. v. from an Oxf. sp.

Cyb. Br. i. 455. North limit in Oxford.

Denizen. Extinct. Septal. Hedgebanks. A. June.

First record, Mortson, iii. 316. Z. vulgatius semine plano flore ex
rubente albo nobis. In agro Oxon. in aggeribus fossarum, 1699.

4. Ray. Plentiful on banks of the road to Headington about half a
mile from Oxford, J. Sherard, Ray, iii. 206, ‘ Tordylium Narbonense
minus. Under hedges on the north side of the Parks, S%b., do. in
Bot. Guide, etc., etc. Specimen in Sowerby’s Herb. Br. Mus. The
plate in Eng. Bot., 1173, was drawn from an Oxford specimen.
Specimen in Ed. Forst. herb. in Br. Mus. North side of Parks,
1821, in Herb. Br. |

5. Isis. On a bank beyond Jericho, about a quarter-mile west of the
Observatory, W. Bx. 1819 in Walk.

Berks. Eaton, Turner, erroneously spelt Eton in Walk.

Ray’s record refers to Tordylium officinale, but Morison’s plant is 7.
maximum, a8 was also the plant from the Parks shown to Woodward, vide
With. ed. iv. p. 365. Miller states that he found 7. oficinale growing on
sides of banks in Oxfordshire, but adds ‘the seeds were sown by Jacob
Bobart, gardener at Oxford.’ I have little doubt that Miller was mistaken
in referring the Oxford plant to officinale. He was probably correct
in suggesting or stating that Bobart planted it about Oxford. Most likely
we owe Senecio squalidus to the same individual. Tordylium appears to
have been found from 1696 to 1821.

(T. officinale, L. Oxford error. Cyb.i. 455. Comp. 520.]
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE, 133

* Feeniculum officinale, Al, Fennel.
Alien. Cyb. Comp. 193. Occurs only as a garden stray, in no per-
manent station, the form being I. vulgare, G.
A solitary cluster in a field adjoining Mr. Draper's Road, Banbury, A. Fr.
Near Goring.
Berks. Abundant on the banks of the Loddon near Sandhurst, Miss
De la Motte.
SILAUS. Bess.
8. pratensis, Bess. Pepper Saxifrage.
Top. Bot. 200, Syme, E. B, iv. 140. 604. Nym. 292. Bx. 404.
Native. Pratal and pascual. Fields and roadsides. Rather common.
P. June-Sept.
First record, Sib. 1794. Peucedanum Silaus, L.
1. Stour. Near Sibford, A. Fr.
2. Ouse. Mixbury, Hethe.
3. Swere. Little Bourton, Milton, Bloxham, A. Fr. Hanwell, T. Bees.
4, Ray. Cherwell Meadows, Blackthorn, H. Bos. Oldbury, W. Wilson
Saunders. Bletchingdon, Marston, Horton, Bicester, Charlton.
5. Isis. Yarnton Meadows, H. Bos. Minster Lovell, South Leigh,
Grove Heath Wood, Kingham, Charlbury, Kelmscott.
6. Thame. Shotover, Hb. Lawson. Horspath, H. H. Garnsey. Little-
more, Dorchester. .
7. Thames. Chinnor, Hb. Bx. Ipsden Heath, Whitchurch.
Berks. Childswell Farm, H. Bos. Frilford.

ZTHUSA. L.
2. cynapium, L. Fool’s Parsley.
Top. Bot. 199. Syme, E. B. iv. 132.600. Nym. 297. Bx. 19.

Native. Agrestal. Cultivated ground. Common. A. July—Aug.
First record, Sib. 1794. Occurs in gardens in the city.

G@NANTHE. L.
G. phellandrium, Lam.
Top. Bot. 198. Syme, E. B. iv. 130. 598. Nym. 297. |
Native. Paludal. Marshes, riversides. Local and rare. P. July-
Sept.
First record, Sib. (agg.) 1794. Phellandrium aquaticum, L.
3. Swere. Cherwell near Huscot A. Fr. I have not seen specimen.
4. Ray. Once or twice in the Isis and Cherwell, H. Bos. in Phyt. n. s.
iv. 100. Water Eaton, H. Ridley, M.A. Noke, Oddington, etc.
On Otmoor. Abundant at Charlton, etc.
5, Isis. Port Meadow, H6. Bz.
6. Thame. In the river two miles from Thame (#), 4. Fr.
134 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

7. Thames. Near Caversham Bridge, A, Fr.
Berks. Pond at foot of Winter Hill, Brit.

The submerged leaves of this are very different from those of fluviatilis,
having capillary diverging segments as finely cut as those of Fennel. In
the Ray on Otmoor this occurs to the exclusion of fluviatilis, and the plants
grow in water at least two feet deep, when the submerged leaves alluded
to are freely produced, but,soon rot off.

.. fluviatilis, Cole.

Top. Bot. 198. Syme, E. B. iv. 131. 599. Nym. 297.

Native. Lacustral. Streams. Common in all the larger streams, and
much more abundant than @. Phellandrium. P. July—Sept.

First record, Dillentus 1726, and first as British Millefolium aquat.
Matth. Ed. Vulg. Aquat. foliis Coriandri Matthioli, J. B. iii. See Ray,
iii. p. 216, ‘in rivulo inter Woodstock et celebrem illum pontem Ducis
Marlborugii juxta Blenheim.’

- 3. Swere. Cherwell near Banbury, Somerton.
4, Ray. Plentiful in some parts of the Cherwell and Isis. Much more
frequent than Phellandrium, H. Bos. in Phyt. Parsons’ Pleasure,
T. Thurland. Oxford, Hb. Lawson. Ditches near Upper Heyford,
Marston, etc., rather common.

5. Isis. Port Meadow, Hd. Br. Mus. col. W. T. Dyer, see Journ. Bot.
ix. 146. Isis about Oxford. Abundant in river from Kelmscott to
Oxford; in shallowish water flowering freely.

6. Thame. Thame river, Hb. Bx. Chiselhampton, Dorchester, Sand-
ford, etc., common.

7. Thames. Pangbourne, Whitchurch, Caversham, Newb. Common
in the Thames from Oxford southwards.

Berks. River Ock, Thames, and Loddon.

When growing on mud and wholly out of the water, the leaves of this
plant retain the characteristic leaf cutting, so different in outline from the
preceding species.

G. crocata, L. Hemlock Water-Dropwort.

Top. Bot. 197. Syme, B. B. iv. 129. 597. Nym. 297. Bx. 160.
Native. Paludal. Marshy places. Mostrare. P. July—-Aug.
First record, Sib. 1794.

4. Ray. Near Bayswater, Sib. extinct.
7. Thames. Near Caversham, F. Tufnail.
Berks. Sulham. Bucks, Northants absent. Gloster W., Warwick.

The extreme rarity of this plant in Oxfordshire will surprise botanists
from the western counties. Its thinning out so rapidly up the Thames
valley is remarkable.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 135

@. Lachenalii, Gmel. @. pimpinelloides, Sm. non Linn.

Top. Bot. 195. Syme, E. B. iv. 127. 596. Nym. 598.

Native. Uliginal. Marshes and bogs. Local. P. July—Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794, peucedanifolia, Poll., which included the habi-

tats of this species.

4. Ray. Stow Wood Bog! Headington Wick Bog! H. Bos. Beckley
Grove Meadow, Rev. Moyle Rogers.

6. Thame. Bullingdon, H. Bos., Journ. Bot. ix.146. See Rep. of Rec.
Club, 1880, (Also in Walk. Fl. aggregate.) Railside near

Wheatley.
Berks. Frilford, Rep. of Rec. Club, 1881. Gloster E., Lechlade. Warwick,
Honington.
. peucedanifolia, Poll. Sulphur-wort.
. Silaifolia, 8. C. non Bieb. Top. Bot. 195. Syme, E. B. iv. 126.
595. Nym. 297.

Native. Pratal. Wet meadows. Local. P. June, July.

First record, Dillenius, 1730, ‘ prope Bladon in pratis elatis inter Oxford

et Blenheim, E. pratensis.’

4. Ray. Weston Peat Pits (is, I suspect, Lachenalii), W. W. Saunders.

5. Isis. ‘In pratis prope Bladon,’ Dillenius.

6. Thame. Christ Church Meadow, abundant near the barges; also in
meadows by the river near old railway station (Berks), W.T. Dyer,
Journ. Bot. ix. 174, do. in Hb. Br, Mus. and Hb. Ox., col. H. Bos-
well. .Bank of Isis beyond Iffey, Sib. Long Meadow.

Berks. Sandford and Iffley Meadows, Pangbourne, Kennington, Rec.
Club, 1883. Northants (?), King Sutton. Bucks, Gloster, Warwick.

. fistulosa, L. Water-Dropwort.

Top. Bot. 195. Syme, E. B. iv. 124. 593. Nym. 298.
Native. Paludal. Wet meadows, marshes. Not uncommon. P. July—
Sept.

. First record, Merrett, 1666. Cnanthe aq. sive palustris.

3. Swere. Austin’s Meadows, Gull.

‘4. Ray. Magdalen College Meadows, Merrett, 1667, 1885! Upper
Heyford, Rev. E. Fox. Marston, Rev. R. Linton. Otmoor, with
very swollen stems, A. Fr. Marsh between. Tackley and
Kirtlington, Bicester, Islip, Marston, Merton.

5. Isis. In the ditches about Medley and Binsey Common, and
abundant everywhere about Oxford, D. Plot. p. 147, var. minor,
Ray, iii. 210, says ‘A priore i.e. (Enanthe aquatica, C. B. Pin. 162),
parvitate sua precipue differt ut et modo florendi;’ also in
Gough, Milne, and Gordon, etc. Blenheim, Port Meadow! H. Bos.
Witney, Bampton.

6. Thame. Iffey Meadows, abundant.
136 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

7. Thames. Caversham, North Stoke.

Berks. Tubney Wood, H. Bos. Radley.

A very variable plant.

(Gi. pimpinelloides, L. Gloster E.]

** Myrrhis odorata, Scop. Sweet-scented Cicely.

Scandix odorata, L. Syme, E. B. iv. 170. 626. Bx. 374. Nym. 299.

Casual. ‘On rubbish and waste places. May. Rose Lane.’ Sib.

This record expands in Walker’s Flora to ‘ Mountainous pastures, [sic]
Rose Lane, Sib. The plant was an outcast or escape from the Botanic
Gardens, and had no claims to rank among our established plants. From
Sibthorp’s record it was, however, entered in the Bot. Guide, and New
Botanist’s Guide for Oxfordshire.

CHZEROPHYLLUM. L.
Cc. temulum, L. Rough Chervil.
Top. Bot. 206. Syme, E. B. iv. 169.625. Nym. 300. Bx. 483.
Native. Septal. Hedges and shady places. Very common, and
generally distributed. P. June, July.
First record, Sib. 1794. C. temulentum, L.

ANTHRISCUS. Hfn.
A. sylvestris, H/n. Keck.
Top. Bot. 206. Syme, E. B. iv. 168.624. Nym. 301. Bx. 228.
Native. Septal and sylvestral. Shady places. Abundant and generally
distributed. Plentiful on Oxford Castle Mound. P. April, May.

First record, Sib. 1794. Cherophyllum sylvestre, L. The earliest
Umbellate to flower.

* A. Cerefolium, Hfn. Cherophyllum sativum, Lam.

Comp. Cyb. 520. Syme, E. B. iv. 167.623. Nym. 301.

Casual. Waste ground. Rare. A. May-July.

4. Ray. Oxford, Hb. Br. Mus. col. W. T. Dyer, 1867, see Report of

Ex. Club for 1867, Hb. Lawson, do.
Berks. Near Windsor, Brit.

\

A. vulgaris, P. Cherophyllum anthriscus, Lam.

Top. Bot. 205. Syme, E. B. iv. 166.622. Nym. 301.

Native. Viatical. Waysides, walls, etc. Very local and rare. A.

May, June.

First record, Sib. 1794. Scandix anthriscus, L. Unlocalised.

3. Swere, On a wall in Newland, Gull., do. Bees., very rare; ona
wall at top of Leys, 1848, Bodicote, 7. Bees. Wallin Fish Street,
old wall back of Calthorpe Street, Banbury, A. Fr.

5. Isis. Witney, #. T. Richards, M.A. Formerly on Woodstock Road,
ff, Bos.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 137

6. Thame. Between Shotover and Wheatley, Hb. 7. Thurland ; do.
see Phyt, iv. n. 8. 101, H. Boswell; do. Hb. Br. Mus. 1859. In

hedge by path from Cowley Marsh to Cowley Bog! H. E.
Garnsey, M.A.

7. Thames. Caversham, Newb. /

Berks. Not unfrequent about Cotham, Marcham, and Frilford.

The rarity of this plant in Oxfordshire is peculiar ; in Northamptonshire,
north and east, it is frequent; its beautiful bright green and elegantly cut
foliage adorning many of the village walls. Led by its general, rather
than by its local distribution, Walker gave it as if it were one of our
common plants, and so not needing special localities. It is in fact one of
our rarest species.

SCANDIX. L.
8. pecten-Veneris, Z. Shepherd's Needle.

Top. Bot. 207; Syme, E. B. iv. 171.627. Nym. 302. Bx. 272.

Colonist. Agrestal. Cornfields, Very common and generally dis-
tributed. A. April-Oct.

First record, Sib. 1794. 4S. Pecten, L. p. 100,

CONOPODIUM, K.
Cc. denudatum, K. Pig-nut.
Top. Bot. 191. Syme, E. B. iv. 133. 584. Nym. 303. Bx. 433.
Native. Sylvestral. Woods, thickets, heaths, ete. Common and
generally distributed. P. May-July.
First record, Sib. 1794. Bunium flexuosum, With.

CICUTA. L.
C. virosa, D. Water Hemlock, Cow Bane.

Syme, E. B. iv. 97. 571. Nym. 304. Bx. 395.

Native. Paludal. Wet places. Very rare. July, Aug.

First record, Rev. E. For, 1860 (?).

4. Ray. Between Bicester and Middleton, Rev. H. Fox. Believed to
have been seen about Wood Eaton, H. N. Ridley, WA.

Berks. Near Wellington, Brit. (?).

SIUM. L.
8. latifolium, L. Great Water Parsnep.
Top. Bot. 192. Syme, E. B. iv. 117. 587. Nym. 305. Bx. 319.
Native. Paludal. Streamsides. Locally abundant. P. July—Sept.
First record, ‘ By Reading, How’s Phytologia, 1650, also more precisely

S. medium foliis elegantis, dissectis. In some ditches about Oxford,’
Merrett, 1667.
138 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

4. Ray. Cherwell! H. Bos. Otmoor, Marston, etc.

5, Isis. Port Meadow, H. Bos. Eynsham, T. Westcombe. Chimney,
Wolvercote, abundant about Oxford, and an especial feature in its
Flora. ;

6. Thame. Thames Meadows Oxford, Hd. Br. Mus., W. T. Dyer.
Abundant by the Thames southwards, as at

7. Thames. Sonning, F. A. Lees. Caversham, etc.

The ditches about Oxford always yield an abundance of this handsome
and conspicuous plant. The earlier leaves are submerged, and are often
most beautifully dissected (Merrett’s record refers to this); these sub-
merged leaves have been gathered in January, in excellent condition.
A form occurred by Port Meadow, in which the bracteoles were so much
developed as to become foliaceous, the stem leaves had very narrow
leaflets with the margin dentately cut. The whole appearance of the
plant was very different from the type with which it grew. The fruit was
quite normal,

Berks. Kennington, and by river from Oxford to Reading. Bucks,

Northants, Gloster E., absent from Warwick.

8. erectum, Huds. Water Parsnep.
Top. Bot. 193. Syme, E. B. iv. 118. 588. Nym. 304. S. angusti-
folium, L.
Native. Paludal. Ditches, streams. Rather common, but much
scarcer round Oxford than the preceding species. P. July, Aug.
First record, Sib. 1794, p. 98, 8. angustifolium.
1. Stour. Sibford.
2. Ouse. Mixbury.
3. Swere. Banbury Common, Barford St. John, A. Fr. Bodicote,
R. French.
4, Ray. Behind the Parks, Sib. Ditch on north side of Magd. Meadow,
Marston Meadows, Otmoor, ete.
5. Isis. Near Charlbury, 7. Westeombe. Between Botley and Medley
Lock, 1831! Ba. Binsey Lane, South Leigh, ete.
6. Thame. Waterstock, 4, Fr. Dorchester, Shotover, stream running
to Shotover House, Wheatley, Chiselhampton, etc.
7. Thames. Caversham.

Berks. Marcham, South Hinksey.

SISON. L.
8. amomum, L. Hedge Hone Wort.
Top. Bot. 190. Syme, E. B. iv. 106. 578. Nym. 305. Bx. 407.
Native. Septal. Hedges, roadsides. Not uncommon, and widely
distributed. B, Aug.,Sept. Mr. Watson appeared to doubt its indigenity,
had he seen the plant in Oxon, Bucks, and Northants, his opinion would
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 139

probably have been in favour of its being a native plant. It is more
frequent on Clay soil.

First record, Sib. 1794.

2. Ouse. Mixbury.

.8. Swere. Broughton Road, Shutford Lane, Crouch Lane, 7’. Bees.
Saltney, Wykeham Lane, between Bloxham and Tadmarton, A. Fr.
Broughton, Somerton.

4, Ray. Marston, Islip, H. Bos. Otmoor, H. E. Garnsey, M.A.
Summertown, Hb. R. Linton. Marston Lane! Sib.  Elsfield,
Bletchingdon, Kidlington.

5, Isis. Eynsham, Sid. In great abundance between fourth and fifth
milestone on the Banbury Road; between Wolvercote and the
Woodstock Road; Handborough, South Leigh, Charlbury.

6. Thame. Roadside to Shotover, Sib. Thame, Hb. Bx. About
Cowley, Bx. Albury, Horspath.

7. Thames. Woodcote, Dunsden, Chazey Heath, F. A. Lees. Goring, etc.

Berks. Botley, Ferry Hinksey. I fail to see the close resemblance to
P. segetum.

ZGOPODIUM. L.

2. Podagraria, L. Gout-Weed.

Top. Bot. 191. Syme, E. B. iv. 109. 580. Nym. 305. Bx. 151.

Denizen or native. Viatical. Hedges, waysides, and springs, near

villages. Rather common and widely distributed. P. June-Aug.

First record, Sib. 1794, p. 103.

1. Stour. Tadmarton, Sibford.

2, Ouse. Hethe.

3. Swere. Between Wroxton and N. Newington, Road to the Marches,
Gull. Neithrop, Hanwell, Swalecliffe, ete., A. Fr. Shutford.

4, Ray. Headington Wick Copse, Sib. Islip, Kirtlington, H. Bos.
Water Eaton, about Magdalen College, H. E. Garnsey, M.A. Beckley,
Rev. W. Moyle Rogers. Near Bicester, etc.

5. Isis. Canalbanks near High Bridge! Sib. Burford, Charlbury,
Finstock, Sarsden, Chadlington, Worcester College Gardens, ete.

6. Thame. Shotover Road.

7. Thames. Woodcote, etc. |

It may be native in a few of the above localities, but it is such a

persistent weed, that when once introduced it is with difficulty eradicated.

PIMPINELLA. L.
P. major, Huds.
Top. Bot.192. Syme, E. B. iv. 116. 584. Nym. 305. P. magna, L.
Native. Sylvestral and septal. Woods and hedges. Local. P. July,
Aug.
First record, Sib. 1794, P. magna, L.
140 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

4. Ray. Stow Wood, Noke Woods, Sid. Headington Wick, Rev. R.
Linton. Headington Copse, H. Bos. Beckley, Marston Meadows,
Charlton.

5. Isis. Finstock, Mill Wood, Pinsley Wood, Binsey.

6. Thame. Side of foot-path leading from Bullingdon to Shotover, Bz.
Shotover Plantations, Prof. Daubeny. Brasenose Wood, H. Bos.
Horton and Woodperry.

7. Thames. Goring to Woodcote, Stokenchurch, Sunley Wood,
Crowsley.

Berks. Between Botley and Cumnor, Bx. Bucks, Northants, Gloster,
Warwick.

In Horton Wood occurred a variety with deeply cut leaves, P. dissecta,

Fries, non Retz.
The Pimpinella appears to like an argillaceous soil, and is found on
Oxford, London, or Kimmeridge Clay.

P, saxifragra, LD. Burnet Saxifrage.

Top. Bot. 192. Syme, E. B. iv. 115. 585. Nym. 306. Bx. 411.

Native. Pascual. Dry pastures, etc. Common and generally dis-
tributed, more especially abundant on the Oolite and Chalk, P. July—
Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794.

A very variable plant, five varieties being described by Koch in the
Synopsis. Sometimes the leaves are very slightly cut, but the variety
with deeply cut leaves also occurs ; this was given as a species in Sibthorp
under P. dissecta, Retz, it being localised between Witney and Burford
and near Henley. It is not uncommon, especially on the Chalk,

** Carum Carui, L. Carraway.

Syme, E. B. iv. 116, 582. Nym. 307. Bx. 232.

Casual. In a meadow off the Botley Road, H. Bos. Phyt. iv. n, s. 101.
Introduced. Railside, Oxford.

PETROSELINUM. Hfn.

P. segetum, XK. Corn Parsley.

Carum segetum, Benth,

Top. Bot. 10. Syme, E. B. iv.105. 579. Nym. 309. Bx. 360.

Native. Septal. Hedgesides, cornfields, etc. Local and rare. A.

Aug., Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794, Sison segetum, L.

4. Ray. Kirtlington, near the Station, H. Bos. On a bank on the
right-hand side of road going into Elsfield, 1831 ; between Somerton
and Kidlington Toll Gate, Be.

5. Isis. South Leigh, Sib. On Banbury Road near the fifth milestone
from Oxford; Woodstock roadside, Rev. Z. F. Linton. Burford.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 141

6. Thame. Stanton St. John, Rev. EF. Fox. Bullingdon, between
Bullingdon and Shotover, H. Bos./ Field on east side of Peat Bog
going from Bullingdon Green to Cheney Lane, 1827, Br., do. 1884
G. C.D. Copse on south side of Shotover, Ba. /

7. Thames. Caversham, Phyt. ii. n. s. 340.

Berks. Sunningwell, H. H. Garnsey, M.A. Near Botley on road to
Eynsham, 1831, Br. Near ‘Dreadnought,’ Sonning, F. Tufnail.
West side of Boar’s Hill.

* P. sativum, Hjn. Parslvy.
Alien. Cyb.i. 430. Syme, E. B. iv. 103. 576. Nym. 309. Carum
petroselinum, B.

3. Swere. Draper’s Road Banbury, rocks among gardens Swalecliffe,
A, Fr, 1863. :

5. Isis. Wolvercote, escape; naturalized on site of an old cottage
between Fawler and Charlbury.

6. Thame. Garden escape Thame, Waterstock Mill, A. Fr.

7. Thames. Watlington.

Berks. Near Cumnor, H. Bos.

APIUM. L.
A. graveolens, LD. Wild Celery.
Syme, E. B. iv. 98. 572. Nym.309. Bx. 156.
Native. Paludal. Wet meadows. Local and rare. P. June-Aug.
First record, Sib. 1794.
4, Ray. Marston! Sib. Near Elsfield! R. Walk. I believe this to
be native here. Its absence from Otmoor is remarkable.
5. Isis. Stanton Harcourt, South Leigh, Sid.
6. Thame. Near Thame, Hb. Ba.
Berks. Marcham, native, growing with Scirpus sylvaticus, Rep. of Rec.
Club, 1881. Cumnor, H. Bos.
Obs. The cultivated form A. dulce, Mill:, occurs occasionally on rubbish
heaps about villages as a garden outcast.
Bucks, near Fenny Stratford, probably native. Northants alien.
Gloster native. Warwick.

HELOSCIADUM. XK.

H. nodiflorum, Koch. Common Water Parsnep.

Apium nodiflorum, Reich.

Top. Bot. 190. Syme, E. B. iv. 100. 573. Nym. 309. Bx. 415.

Native. Paludal. Streams and wet places. Very common and gen-
erally distributed. P. July—Oct.

First record, Sib. 1794. Stum nodiflorum, L.
142 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Var. H. ochreatum, DC. H. repens, E. B. non Koch,

Wet meadows, etc. Common about Oxford.

4, Ray. Kidlington, etc.

5. Isis. Wychwood, Port Meadow, Binsey.

Var. H.longipedunculatum, Sch. ‘Common peduncle, longer than leaves,’

see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1880, p. 146.

6. Thame. Hb. Br. Mus., Sir Jos. Banks. ‘Found by Dr. J. Sibthorp
in Cowley Bottom [Bullingdon Bog] near Oxford. I received this
specimen from Milne, his gardener.’ Bullingdon Green Peat Bogs,
‘Sium repens,’ L., Sib. Tffley Meadow.

Berks. Between South Hinksey and Abingdon Road, Bx. Frilford.

Some of our repens forms match the description in the Student’s Flora of

Koch’s plant, but the occurrence of the true plant is yet doubtful.

H. inundatum, Koch. Water Hone- Wort.

Apium inundatum, Reich.

Top. Bot. 190. Syme, E. B. iv. 102. 575. Nym. 310.

Native. Lacustral. Pools on heaths. Local. P. June-Aug.

First record, Sir Jos. Banks, 1760. Sison inundatum, L.

4, Ray. Otmoor, Sib.

5. Isis. Binsey! Port Meadow! South Leigh Heath, Sib. Ramsden
Heath! 7. Westcombe. North Leigh Heath.

7. Thames. On a common near Nettlebed, Hb. Br. Mus., Sir Jos.
Banks. Binfield Heath, Woodcote Common, Ibstone Common.

BUPLEURUM. L.
B. rotundifolium, DL. Thorough-Wax. Hare’s Ear.

Top. Bot. 194. Syme, E. B. iv. 120. 589. Nym. 310. Bx. 13.
Colonist. Agrestal. Cornfields. Local, rare, and decreasing. A.
June, July.

First record, Wm. Coles in Adam in Eden, 1657.

2. Ouse. Cottisford Fields, Bx. MSS. Juniper Hill, H. Blaby.

4. Ray. In cornfields about Bechentree in the way between Oxford
and Deddington, very plentifully, and is taken into the gardens by
those who know the use of it, Wm. Coles. Middleton Stoney, Sib.
Kirtlington, Br. The Parks, Sib. Weston, W. Holliday.

5. Isis. South Leigh, Sib. Hd. Forster, in a field on the road to Wood-
stock, near the Observatory, Hb. Br. Mus. Do. Bx. MSS. Between
Church Handborough and the Mill near Northmoor, Bx. Near
Charlbury, T. Westcombe. Near Mill Wood, Church Handborough.

6. Thame. Bullingdon Green, Bz. in Walk. Field opposite Brase-
nose Wood, H. Bos.

Berks. Cumnor Hurst, Buckland, Bablock Hithe, H. Bos. Streatley,
Blewbury, Brit.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 143

CONIUM. L.

Cc. maculatum, ZL. Hemlock.

Top. Bot.187. Syme, E. B. iv. 173.629. Nym. 315. Bx. 303.

Native. Sylvestral, septal. Damp woods, hedges. Rather local, and
not common round Oxford. P. June-Aug.

First record, Sib. 1794.

2. Ouse. Mixbury.

8. Swere. Hedge between first marsh and Castle Garden, Gull. Rather

plentiful in some seasons, Bees. Berry Moor, Wykeham Lane,
Hardwick, A. Fr.

4. Ray. Summertown, Hb. Lawson. Marston Lane! H. Bos. Kirt-

lington, Water Eaton, Islip to Bletchingdon, Bicester, Weston Peat
Pits abundant, Noke.

5. Isis. Cornbury, 7. Westcombe. Godstow, Witney, H. Bos. Wych-
wood, Freeland, Kingham, Handborough nine feet high, Newbridge,
abundant in cornfield near Tangley, Ascot.

6. Thame. Hell Copse, in Thame, A. Fr. Do. Hb. Br. Abundant
about Moreton, Rycot, etc., Albury, Great Haseley.

7. Thames. Crowsley, Goring, Henley Park Hill, Cane End.

Berks. Wytham.

* Smyrnium Olusatrum, L. Alexanders.

Denizen or alien. Waste places. Local and rare. P. May.

First record, Sib. 1794.

6. Thame. Near Bensington.

7. Thames. Caversham, Bolton King, 1879.

Berks. About Windsor Castle, Brit.? casual. Bucks (?), Gloster, W.

[Eryngium campestre, Z. Roadside near Brockhall, Northants, 1850. ]

SANICULA. L.
S. europza, L. Wood Sanicle.
Top. Bot. 187. Syme, E. B. iv. 92. 568. Nym. 318. Br. 235
Native. Sylvestral. Woods. Abundant as a woodland plant through-
out thecounty. P. May-July.
First record, Wm. Coles, 1657, in Adam in Eden. Stow Wood, in
several places among the bushes.

HYDROCOTYLE. L.

H. vulgaris, D White Rot. Penny-wort.

Top. Bot. 186. Syme, E. B. iv. go. 566. Nym. 319. Bx. 168.

Native. Uliginal. Marshes, bogs, ete. Local. P. May-Aug.

First record, Wm. Coles, 1657.

4. Ray. Headington Wick, Hb. Rev. R. Linton. Stow Wood, in a
144 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

valley or bog, W. Coles in Adam in Eden. Abundant in bog
under Stow Wood, railside near Bicester, very fine.

5. Isis. Wychwood, H. Bos.! Southcombe, 7. Bees, North Leigh
Heath, Finstock Heath, Handborough Meadows.

6. Thame. Cowley Marsh, Hb. Bx. Bullingdon.

7. Thames. Binfield Heath, also a floating form.

Berks. Boar’s Hill, Bagley, Frilford.

Orp. XXXVI. ARALIACEA, Juss.

HEDERA. L.

H. helix, L. Common Ivy.

Top. Bot. 185. Syme, E. B. iv. 181. 633. Nym. 319. Bx. 32.

Native. Sylvestral. Woods, hedges, etc. Generally distributed.
Oct.-Nov.

First record, Sib. 1794. Mr. Baxter noticed Spheria punctiformis and
Hysterium follic., var. Hederw, about Oxford. The ivy flourishes in Oxford
on the walls of New College, Merton, University, and a number of culti-
vated forms are growing on Wadham Garden Walls.

Orv. XXXVII. CORNEA, DC.

CORNUS. JL.

Cc. sanguinea, DL. Dogwood.

Top. Bot. 185. Syme, E. B. iv. 187.635. Nym. 319. Bx. 114.

Native. Septal. Hedges, thickets. Common, especially on calcareous

soil. Shrub. June, July, and occasionally in Aug.

First record, Plot, 1677, ‘ with striped foliage.’

1. Stour. Sibford.

2. Ouse. Mixbury, Hethe, Cottisford.

3. Swere. Road to Adderbury, Hardwick Road near the Canal, Gull.
Hanwell, Bloxham Road, Milton, Great Tew avenue, leaves very
fine, A. Fr. Bretch fine large bush.

4. Ray. Marston, Rev. R. Linton. Near Oxford with Spheria coruscola,
Bx. Blackthorn, Gravehill Wood, H. Bos. Tackley, Stow Wood.

5. Isis. Bruern, Witney, Burford, Handborough, Stonesfield, Binsey
Lane, etc.

6. Thame. Cowley Marsh, H. Bos. Waterstock, Plot. Shotover, etc.

7. Thames. Caversham, Newb. Grime’s Dyke, Nettlebed, Ibstone,
Ipsden, Goring, Nettlebed, etc.

Berks. Wytham, Hinksey, Cumnor, etc.

** Cornus Mas, Z. Planted in Ch. Ch. Meadows, Mesopotamia, etc.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 145

Orv. XXXVIII. LORANTHACEA, Don.

viscum. L.
Vv. album, LD. The Miseltoe.

Top. Bot. 207. Syme, E. B. iv. 189. 635. Nym. 320. Bx. 40,
Native. Sylvestral. Parasitic on various trees. Rare. P. March-
April.
First record, Sib. 1794. Bland’s Court.
- Swere. Wroxton Park rare, Bees.
. Ray. On poplar at Heyford, Rev. E. Foz.
. Isis. Eynsham on apple-tree.
. Thame. Ch. Ch. Meadow on poplar.
- Thames. Ibstone, Bx. On old apple-trees, Br. MSS. Maple
Durham, on P. nigra, F. Tufnail.
Berks. Abundant on willows at Appleton, Miss Hoskins.

SIO OF Hm &

Orv. XXXIX. CAPRIFOLIACEA, Rich.

VIBURNUM. JL.

V. Opulus, L. Quelder Rose.

Top. Bot. 209. Syme, E. B. iv. 202. 639. Nym. 320.

Native. Sylvestral. Moist woods; not uncommon. Shrub. May, June.

First record, Sib. 1794.

2. Ouse. Stoke Lyne, #. Fry, Esq.

3. Swere. Hardwick Road, Hanwell foot road, Bees. Broughton
Road, 7. Bees. Huscote, 7. Brayne.

4. Ray. Marston, Rev. W. Linton. Oddington, Piddington Wood,
Studley, Kidlington, Headington Wick, Kirtlington, Weston Peat
Pits.

5. Isis. Bruern Abbey, Cornbury, Binsey Lane, Charlbury very fine.

6. Thame. Dorchester, Rycote, Hd. Bx. Albury.

7. Thames. Ibstone, Stokenchurch, A. Irvine. Abundant in woods
between Cumnor and Ibstone, Mongewell, Maple Durham, Sonning.

Berks. Wytham, Bagley Wood.

A beautiful shrub, whether in flower, in fruit, or showing in rich

crimson and purple foliage in autumn.

V. Lantana, L. Wayfaring tree.
Top. Bot. 210. - Syme, E. B. iv. 203. 640. Nym. 320. Bx. 128.
Native. Septal. Hedges. Common and generally distributed. Shrub.

May, June.
First record, Viburnum, Park. Blackstone MSS. 1737.
L
146 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

. Stour. Sibford.

. Ouse. Stoke Lyne, L. Fry, Esqg. Mixbury, etc.

. Swere. Banbury very frequent, A. Fr.

. Ray. Upper Heyford and almost everywhere, Bx. Stow Wood,
Sib. Marston Lane, Kirtlington.

. Isis. Tar Wood, South Leigh, Witney, Sib. About Walcot, and
Charlbury plentiful, Blackstone. Wychwood, Burford, Hand-
borough, Wolvercote, etc.

6. Thame. Littlemore, Wheatley, Dorchester, etc.

7. Thames. Caversham, F. A. Lees. Nuffield, etc.

Berks. Bagley, Wytham, etc.

Bm CO DD et

on

SAMBUCUS. L.

S. nigra, L. The Elder.

Top. Bot. 207. Syme, E. B. iv. 199. 637. Nym. 321. Bx. 122.

Native. Sylvestral and septal. Common and generally distributed in
woods and hedges throughout the county. Small tree. June, July.
There is a tree in Radcliffe Square and one above the north turret on St.
Mary’s spire.

First record, ‘ with striped leaves,’ at Cowley, Plot, 1657. Sambucus
acinis albis, J. B. i. 546. White-berried elder observed by Dr. Plukenet
and by Mr. Bobart in the hedges near Watlington, Ray. Syn. ed. i. 1690;
algo in Sir J. Locke’s ground, Headington, R. Walker, doubtless planted.

Var. S. laciniata about Charlbury, where it is called feathered elder,
Blackstone, 1747.

S. Ebulus, L. Danewort.

Top. Bot. 184. Syme, E. B. iv. 201. 638. Nym. 321. Bx. 122.

Denizen or native. Viatical, septal. Hedges, waysides. Local.

Rather rare. Shrub. July—Sept.

First record, Mr. Coles in Adam in Eden, 1657.

2. Ouse. Tusmore Park, G. Woodward.

8. Swere. Hanwell by the foot-road, Gull. Near Hanwell grounds
farm plentiful, T. Bees. MSS. Pen Hill, R. French. Between
Milton and Bloxham, Lower Swalecliffe, A. Fr. Fields between
Bloxham and Milton, W. Coles. Near Swalecliffe Mill.

4. Ray. Tackley Park, Br. Parks behind Wadham Coll., Sid., Purton,
T. Thurland, 1860. Kirtlington Park and near Weston Peat Pits,
W. Wilson Saunders. Holywell, H. Bos. Between Tackley and
Whitehill, G. Coles. Weston-on-the-Green.

5. Isis. Eynsham, Sib. Do. H. Bos. 1856.

7. Thames. Little Stoke.

Berks. Wytham Wood! ‘At Seckworth [Seacourt] is abundance of

Danewort growing. This Danewort (say people) groweth from man’s
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE, 147

blood, and that the Danes lived here is probably true. For they fought
against Wytham Castle, standing upon not above halfe a mile from Seck-
worth, T. Hearne, L. N. S., vol. ii. p. 586. Near Cholsey, Newb.

ADOXA. L.
A. Moschatellina, L. Tuberous Moschatel.

Top. Bot. 184. Syme, E. B. iv. 198. 636. Nym. 321. Bx. 42.
Native. Septal. Sylvestral. Woods and hedges on sandy soil.
Locally common. P. Mar.—May.

First record, Sib. 1794.

8. Swere. Wroxton, O. V. Aplin. Edgehill, T. Bees. Ford on road
to Horley, W. Patey. Hornton, T. Brayne.

4. Ray. Lane near Stow Wood and Headington Wick Copse! Ona
heath between Barton and Stanton St. John! Br. Bayswater,
Elsfield, Beckley Wood, Noke, Kirtlington Park.

5. Isis. South Leigh, woods near Ashford Mills, Sib. Fawler! C.
Walford. Ditchley Park, H. Bos.

6. Thame. Shotover woods! Sib. North side Shotover with Puccinia
Adoxe, Bx.

Berks. Bagley Wood, Worton Heath, Bx. Cumnor, H. Bos. Tile-
hurst, F. Tufnail.

LONICERA. L.
* L. Caprifolium, L.
Comp. Cyb. 521. Syme, E. B. iv. 206.641. Nym. 321.
Alien or denizen. Woods. Very rare. Shrub. June, July.
First record, Rev. T. Butt in Sm. Fl. Br. 1804, and first as British.
See also Smith Correspondence, vol. i. p. 438.
4. Ray. Ina wood near Elsfield plentifully. Common in Middleton
Park, Rev. EB. Fox, WA.
5. Isis. By the lowest pond but one Cornbury, T. Westcombe.
7. Thames. Hartslock Wood, Rev. E. Fox. Maple Durham.
Berks. Bagley Wood, Dyer.

L. Periclymenum, L. Honeysuckle. Woodbine.

Top. Bot. 210. Syme, E. B. iv. 207.642. Nym. 321. Bx. 287.

Native. Sylvestral, septal. Woods, thickets, hedges. Generally dis-
tributed, but not very common. Shrub. June—Aug.

First record, Willian Jenner, ‘foliis quercinis, in Merrett, 1666, ‘non
procul Oxonio.”

In shady woods the young plants have usually lobed leaves, but the
mature plants do not exhibit the same leaf outline.

**L, Xylosteum, L. Fly Honeysuckle.

Alien. Comp. Cyb. 521. Syme, E. B. iv. 208. 643. MNym. 322.

L2
148 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Great Tew, A. Fr. Middleton Park planted. Magd. Coll. Walks.

* * Symphoricarpus racemosus, JZ. Snowball. Alien.

3. Swere. Old clay-pits Crouch Hill, remains of cultivation spreading
itself freely, A. Fr. Near Steeple Aston, B. Ogle, Esq.

4, Ray. Rousham hillside ; Mesopotamia.

5. Isis. Between Charlbury and Fawler. Naturalized.

6. Thame. Stanton St. John.

Orv. XL. RUBIACEA, Juss.
GALIUM. L.

G. Molugo, L. G. elatum, Th.

Top. Bot. 213. Syme, E. B. iv. 218. 650. Nym. 324.

Native. Septal. Hedges, ete. Common and generally distributed. P.

July, Aug.

First record, Sib. 1794.

1. Stour. Near Stow Wood.

2. Ouse. Mixbury.

3. Swere. Broughton, Cropredy not common, Bees. Upper Tadmar-
ton, A. Fr.

4. Ray. Stow Wood, H. Bos. Marston, Kirtlington. Common.

5. Isis. Wychwood, Woodstock, H. Bos. Freeland, Stonesfield,
Minster Lovell, Handborough, etc.

6. Thame. Bullingdon, H. Bos. Dorchester.

7. Thames. Caversham, F. A. Lees. Chalk-pit near flowing spring.
Var. G. scabrum, North Stoke, Goring var. G. scabrum. Rev. W.
Newbould says two forms occur about Caversham.

Berks. Boar’s Hill, Cumnor, ete.

Var. G. Bakeri, Syme.

Handborough, railside.

This Galium with Vicia Cracca form a great adornment of the hedges in

the Ray and Isis district, and it is also abundant on railway banks in
various parts of the county.

G. erectum, Huds.

Top. Bot. 212. Syme, E. B. iv. 217. 649. Nym. 324.

Native. Pascual. Dry pastures,etc. Rare or overlooked. P. June—

Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794.

3. Swere. In the lane leading from Broughton toll-gate to the Castle
on a bank, now cut down, 7. Bees.

4. Ray. Stow Wood, Rev. H. E. Fox.

7. Thames. Henley, Sib. Do. H. Bos. 1856. Ipsden.

Bucks. Northants. Warwick.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 149

G. saxatile, L. Heath Bedstraw.

Top. Bot. 212, Syme, E. B. iv. 219. 651. Nym. 327.

Native. Ericetal. Heathy ground. Local. June-Aug.

First record, Sib. 1794. @. procumbens, With.

1. Stour. Tadmarton Heath! 7. Bees.

8. Swere. Furze-ground and on mole-hill near Hanwell, Hooknorton,
Guill. North Newington, 7. Brayne. Epwell Heath.

4. Ray. Gibraltar Rock, 7. Rogers. Beckley, Rev. Moyle Rogers.
Stow Wood, H. Bos. !

5. Isis. South Leigh, tb. Wychwood, H. Bos. Burford, Ramsden
Heath, North Leigh Heath.

6. Thame. Shotover, Sib. Culham.

7. Thames. Caversham, flowers transformed into leaves, Hb. Br. Mus.,
J. Carroll. Ipsden, Binfield, Chinnor Hill, Ipsden, etc.

Berks. Boar’s Hill, Frilford, Bagley, etc., Childswell Farm, Dillenius,

1744.

G. uliginosum, L.

Top. Bot. 211. Syme, E. B. iv. 222.655. Nym. 327.

Native. Paludal. Wet heaths, marshes. Local. P. July, Aug.

First record, Sib. 1794.

8. Swere. Broughton, bogs of Shutford Bridge, T. Bees.

4, Ray. Headington Wick! H. Bos. Marsh between Kirtlington and
Tackley, Weston Peat Pits.

5. Isis. Eynsham Heath, Sib. Charlbury! T. Westcombe. Wol-
vercote.

6. Thame. Bullingdon, Bx./ 1885.

7. Thames. Stokenchurch, Sib. Caversham.

Berks. Childswell Farm! specimen collected by J. Dillenius, 1730.

G. palustre, L.

Top. Bot. 211. Syme, E. B. iv. 221. 653. Nym. 328.

Native. Paludal. Marshes, ditches, ete. Common. P. June-Sept.

First record. In pratis udis prope S. Clement’s, Dillenius, 1730.

Var. G. elongatum Presl. (Spec. Nyman.) Syme, E. B. iv. 653.

4. Ray. Near Lower Heyford, Marston Lane! Newb. Kirtlington. |

5. Isis. Port Meadow, H. Bos. Wolvercote, common by riverside.

6. Thame. Sandford.

7. Thames. Caversham, South Stoke.

Var. G. Witheringii, Sm. Syme, E. B. iv. 654.

4. Ray. Otmoor, A. fr./ Islip, Rousham, Charlton.

5. Isis, Port Meadow, Rev. R. Linton. Wolvercote, Rev. F. Bennett,
Handborough, Bampton.

§. Thame. Christ Church Meadow, H. E. Garnsey. Imfley.
150 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

G. verum, L. Yellow Bedstraw. Lady's Bedstraw.

Top. Bot. 210. Syme, E. B. iv. 214. 658. Nym. 328. Bx. 294.

Native. Pascual, Glareal. Dry pastures, field-borders, ete. Not un-

common. P. July, Aug.

First record, Wm. Coles, 1657, in Adam in Eden.

1. Stour. Tadmarton Heath, Sibford, etc.

2. Ouse. Hardwick, Mixbury, etc.

3. Swere. Butler’s Close, Adderbury Town End, Wm. Coles. Hard-
wick, Broughton, R. French. Tadmarton Churchyard, 4. Fr. Ep-
well Heath.

4. Ray. Between Middleton Stoney and Bicester, A.Fr. Stow Wood,
Marston, etc.

5. Isis. Wychwood, Rev. R. Linton. Freeland, Bladon, St. Philip’s
Churchyard, Oxford, Rev. F. Bennett. Burford, etc.

6. Thame. Thame, Hb. Bx. Shotover, Iffley, Wheatley, etc.

7. Thames. Crookley Green, A. Fr. Goring, Caversham, etc.

Berks. Boar’s Hill, Bagley, etc., with Puccinia Galiorum, Bz.

Var. G. ochroleucum, Syme. Very rare.

5. Isis, A few plants occurred by railside near Wolvercote.

G. tricorne, With.
Top. Bot. 214. Syme, E. B. iv. 227.659. Nym. 329.
Colonist. Agrestal. Cornfield. Rather common, especially on cal-
careous soil. A, July, Aug. :
First record. Aparine foliis brevioribus et semine leviore. Inter segetes
et fabas variis locis agro Oxon. reperitur. Morison (Bobart), iii. 332,
1699.
2. Ouse. Mixbury.
3. Swere. Barford. .
4. Ray. Between Tackley and Northbrook, Bx. Headington (G. spur-
tum) Sib. Kirtlington, Wheatley Road, etc., Bu.
5. Isis. Stanton Harcourt, South Leigh, Sid. Charlbury, Westcombe.
Handborough.
6. Thame. Between Cowley Marsh and Rose Hill, R. Walk. Little-
more, Headington, Dillenius, 1740.
7. Thames. Stokenchurch, Hb. Bx. Aston Rowant, do., Woodcote,
Mongewell, Grime’s Dyke, Sunley Wood, etc.

G. Aparine, L. Goose Grass. Cleavers.

Top. Bot. 214. Syme, E. B. iv. 225.658. Nym. 331.

Native. Septal. Hedgerows and waste places. Common in all the
districts, in gardens in Oxford and on pollard willows in the Parks. A.
May-Aug.

First record, Sib. 1794.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 151

G. Cruciata, Scop. Crosswort.

Top. Bot. 211. Syme, E. B. iv. 213.647. Nym. 331.

Native. Sylvestral and Septal. Woods and hedges. Locally common,

but often absent from a considerable area. P. May, June,

First record, ‘ Cruciata with striped leaves,’ Plot, 1677.

Valantia Cruciata, L. Sid.

1. Stour. Common from Sibford to Tadmarton Heath.

2. Ouse. Stoke Lyne, H. Fry. 1

3. Swere. Huscote, Miss Rusher. Wykeham, Banbury, Crouch Lane,
A. Fr. Tadmarton, Shutford, Epwell Common.

4. Ray. Headington Wick! H. Bos. Stow Wood, Bayswater.

5. Isis. Tar Wood, Wychwood! Sib. Plentifully about Charlbury,
Blackstone, 1737! Godstow, H. Bos. Blenheim, F. Rogers.
Ditchley, Tangley Wood, Tainton.

6. Thame. Shotover, Bx. Wheatley.

7. Thames. Caversham, Newb. Stokenchurch, Hd. Bz. Sunley,
Wood, Vernal’s Wood, Cowleaze Wood, Cane End.

Berks. Tubney.
ASPERULA, L,

A. odorata. L. Woodruff.

Top. Bot. 215. Syme. E. B. iv. 228.660. Nym. 332. Bx. 46.

Native. Sylvestral. Woods and thickets. Rare about Oxford,

common in the Chiltern Woods. P. May, June.

First record, Sib. 1794.

2. Ouse. Absent from N. E. part of county, R. C. Pryor.

4. Ray. Magd, Coll. Walks, probably introduced.

5. Isis. Copse on back of Evenlode, near Ashford Mills, Br. Near
Charlbury, J. Albright. Lees Rest Wood, T. Westcombe. Mill
Wood, Ditchley Wood.

7. Thames. Goring, Whitchurch, College Wood, Woodcote, Chinnor,
Withy Coppice, Aston Wood, Sunley Wood, Queen’s Wood, Penley
Wood, Stokenchurch Wood, Crowell, Vernal’s Wood, Nettlebed,
Mongewell.

Berks. Bagley, Bx. Unwell Wood.

A. cynanchica, L. Quinancy wort.

Top. Bot. 215. Syme, E. B. iv. 229. 661. Nym. 333.

Native. Glareal. Dry calcareous soil. Local. Occurs on oolite and
chalk, P. June, Aug.

First record, Dillenius, 1740.

2. Ouse. Cottisford Heath, 7. Brayne.

4, Ray. On the Leys, Upper Heyford, Bx. Gibraltar Rocks,

F. Rogers.
5. Isis. Southcombe Common, T. Bees. Wychwood, Sib./ do.
152 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Hb. Lawson. Charlbury, 7. Westeombe. Leafield, Stonesfield,
H. Bos. Tainton Quarries.

6. Thame. Bullingdon Green, Sid./ 1885. Near Oxford, Rev. W.
Bree in Purton. Headington Quarry, R. Walk.

7. Thames. Stokenchurch, Dillenius. Near Henley, ete., Dr. Light-
foot. Causham Hill, note in Johns. Merc. ex W. Pamplin ; do. col.
J. Carroll in Hb. Br. Mus. Lewknor, A. Fr. Goring, Whitchurch,
Chinnor, Beacon Hill, Shirborne, Swincombe, etc.

Berks. Streatley, H. Bos. Dorchester Clump, Rev. F. Bennett.
Lowbarrow, Unwell Downs. Bucks, Northants, Gloster, Warwick,
one locality in cornfields near Wilmcote.

SHERARDIA. Dillenius.
S. arvensis, L. Field Madder, Spur Wort.
Top. Bot. 215. Syme, E. B. iv. 331. 663. Nym. 335.
Native. Agrestal. Cultivated fields. Rather common and generally
distributed. B. April—Oct.
First record, Sib. 1794.
With white flowers at Handborough, 1884.

Orv. XLI. VALERIANEA, DC.

VALERIANA. L.
V. officinalis, Small Valerian.
V. Mikanii, Reich. Ic. Top. Bot. 215. Nym. 336.
Native. Sylvestral. Dry woods. Local, but widely distributed. P.
June-Aug.
First record, Blackstone 1737. V. sylv. fol. angust. is probably this.
First certain record, the Author, Rep. of Rec. Club, 1883.
2. Ouse. Ardley. ‘
4. Ray. Stow Wood, Sib. Probably this, but both species are found
here.
5. Isis. In several parts of Wychwood and in Ditchley Wood,
plentifully ! Blacks.
6. Thame. Nuneham.
7. Thames. Mongewell, Stokenchurch, Penley Wood, Maple Durham,
Rep. of Rec. Club, 1880.
Berks. Unwell Wood, Streatley Wood, Rep. of Rec. Club, 1883.
V. sambucifolia, Mik. Great Valerian.
Top. Bot. 215. Syme, E. B. iv. 236. 666. Nym. 336.
Native. Paludal. Wet places, riversides, etc. Frequent and generally
distributed. P. June-Aug.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 153

First certain record, the Author, 1879. It occurs by all our rivers and
streams; at Osney it is plentiful, and elsewhere about Oxford. The

submerged leaves are very different in appearance ; one is preserved in the
Dillenian herb. as a Potamogeton.

V, dioica, L. Marsh Valerian.

Top. Bot. 215. Syme, E. B. iv. 238. 668. Nym. 336.
Native. Paludal. Marshes, wet meadows. Locally common. P.
April-June.

First record, Sib. 1794.

2. Ouse. Stoke Lyne, E. Fry.

3. Swere. Drayton Lane, Hanwell oak plantation, not common, Bees.
Canalside, Twyford, A. Fr. Drayton meadow, 0. V. Aplin.

4. Ray. Upper Heyford, Bz. 1831! Headington Wick, Sid.! Bays-
water, Noke, Marshes and Canalside between Lower Heyford
and Kirtlington frequent, Weston Peat Pits, fields opposite
Mesopotamia.

5. Isis. Cornbury, 7. Westcombe. Wychwood! H. Bos. Grafton
Common, Canalside above Wolvercote.

6. Thame. Bullingdon Green! Sid. Waterstock Mill, A. Fr. Albury,
Littlemore, Shotover.

7. Thames. Little Stoke, Stokenchurch, Hb. Bz.

Berks. Frilford, Kennington.

CENTERANTHUS. DC.
* C. ruber, DC. Wall Valerian.
Comp. Cyb. 224. Syme, E. B. iv. 232.664. Nym. 337. Bx. go.
Valeriana rubra, L. Alien. Old walls in Oxford. Rare. Merton
Coll. walls, Sib. With white flowers on Merton walls, Br. do. Bree in
Purton. Wadham walls,
7. Thames. Chalk-pit, Caversham, Hb. Br. Mus. col. A. Fr.

VALERIANELLA. Hail.

V. olitoria, Poll. Lamb’s Lettuce.

Top. Bot. 216. Syme, E. B. iv. 240. 669. Nym. 339.

Native. Agrestal, etc. Fields, banks, dry places. Local, not common.

A. April—July.

First record, 826. 1794. Valeriana Locusta, L.

8. Swere. Drayton Lane, Adderbury, Gull. Broughton Fulling Mill,
Tadmarton lime-pit, 7. Bees., rare. Near Banbury, J. Colegrove.
Shutford, with white flowers.

4. Ray. Stow Wood, Headington, H. Bos. Kirtlington, Northbrook
Bridge, Middleton Stoney.
154 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

5. Isis. Godstow, Prof. Daubeny, 1841. Cornbury, T. Westcombe.
Canalside near Hythe Bridge, Charlbury. ;

6. Thame. Between Asylum and Shotover, wall in Rose Lane,
Wheatley, Br. Iffley, H. Ridley. Littlemore, Stanton St. John.

7. Thames. Henley cornfields, common, Bx. Caversham, Hb. Br.
Mus. H. Trimen. Goring, Woodcote, Watlington, Mongewell,
Sonning, Maple Durham, Henley Park Hill, Stokenchurch, abun-
dant on the chalk.

Berks. Cumnor, Ferry Hinksey, Frilford.

V. dentata, Poll.

Top. Bot. 217. Syme, E. B. iv. 243.672. Nym. 217.

Colonist. Agrestal. Cultivated fields. Widely, but locally distributed.

A. June-Sept.

First record, W. Baxter, 1833.

3. Swere. Broughton Fulling Mill, A. F. 1865. Worton, near Somerton,
A. Fr.

4. Ray. Between Upper Heyford and the Leys, Bx. MSS. Cornfields
between Kirtlington and Middleton, W. W. Saunders. Headington
Wick, H. Bos. Noke.

5. Isis. Between Charlbury and Enstone, Hb. Br. Mus. A. Fr. Corn-
fields about Church Handborough, 1883, Ba. Near Chipping
Norton, Bees. Stonesfield, Ditchley, etc.

6. Thame. Roadside between Shotover and Bullingdon Green, Walk.
Stanton St. John, H. Bos. Headington, Culham.

7. Thames. Caversham, Newb. Henley, Hb. Bx. Mongewell,
Goring, common on the chalk.

Berks. Cumnor, Wargrave, Elcot.

Var. mixta, Duf.

5. Isis. Fawler, 7’. Westcombe. Stonesfield.

6. Thame. Bullingdon Green, 1853, Bx.

7. Thames. Henley.

V. carinata, Lois.

Syme, E. B. iv. 241. 670. Comp. Cyb. 523. Nym. 339. Bx. 432.

Denizen. Agrestal. Cultivated ground. Rare. A. June—Aug.

4. Ray. On a wall in Rose Lane opposite Bot. Gard., May 21, 1841,
Bz, from which Baxter’s plate was figured.

6. Thame. Iffey, W. Mathew, M.A., see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1883.
Littlemore. Not recorded for the border counties.

*V.rimosa, Bast. V. Auricula, DC.

Syme, E. B. iv. 241.671. Nym. 339.
Denizen or casual. Cultivated fields. Extremely rare. A. July.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 155

3. Swere. A solitary specimen in allotments at Tadmarton Heath,
~ A. French, 1876.
Gloster, E. Northants. Warwick.

Orv. XLII. DIPSACEZ, DC.

SCABIOSA. L.
S. Columbaria, L. Small Field Scabious.

Top. Bot. 219. Syme, E. B. iv. 251.678. Nym. 343.
Native. Pascual. Dry pastures. Local. Not very common. P.
June-Aug.

First record, Sib. 1794.

1. Stour. Tadmarton Heath, 7. Bees.

2. Ouse. Mixbury.

3. Swere. Bretch, Broughton, Crouch Lane, Bees. Lower Tadmarton,
R. Walford.

4, Ray. Upper Heyford, Northbrook Bridge, Stow Wood, and Beckley,
Bz. MSS. Elsfield, Headington Wick, Beckley.

5. Isis. Near Ashford Mills, Bx. Wychwood, near Witney and
Burford, H. Bos. Stonesfield.

6. Thame. Bullingdon Green! Sib. Cheney Lane, Shotover, Br.
Horspath, Wheatley, Woodperry.

7. Thames. Grime’s Dyke, Beacon Hill, Mongewell, Sonning, Chin-
nor, etc. Abundant on the chalk where not overlaid by tertiary
deposits.

Berks, Happy Valley, Buckland, H. Bos.
Var. alba on Ewelme Downs.

SUCCISA. Mch.
8S. pratensis, Mch. Devil's Bit Scabious.

Scabiosa succisa, L.

Top. Bot. 219. Syme, E. B. iv. 250.677. Nym. 345. Bx. 277.

Native. Pascual, ericetal. Moist woods, pastures, heaths. Rather

common and widely distributed. P. Aug.—Oct.

First record, Sib. 1794.

2. Ouse. Mixbury, Hethe, Hardwick, etc.

8. Swere. Bretch, Bees. Banbury, etc., A. Fr.

4, Ray. Headington Wick, H. Bos. Marston, Beckley, Lower Hey-
ford, etc.

5. Isis. Wychwood, H. Bos. North Leigh Heath, Freeland, King-
ham, etc.

6. Thame. Shotover, Bullingdon, Marsh Baldon, Albury, etc.

7. Thames. Binfield, Mongewell, College Wood, etc.
156 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Berks. Hinksey, Bagley, Frilford.
With dingy white flowers near Mongewell.

DIPsSAcUS. L.
D. sylvestris, L. Teasel.
Top. Bot. 218. Syme, E. B. iv. 245.674. Nym. 345. Bx. 490.
Native. Septal, etc. Hedges, waysides, thickets. Common, particu-
larly on clayey soil, throughout the county. B. July—Sept.
First record, Sib. 1794.

D. pilosus, L. Shepherd’s Rod. Small Teasel.

Top. Bot. 219. Syme, E. B. iv. 218.676. Nym. 345.

Native. Septal. Damp hedgesides, thickets. Local and rare. B.
July—Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794.

8. Swere. Whichford Wood, T. Ward, Near Bodicote Mill, Mrs.

Perry, Bees. MSS. Somerton, H. Bos.
4, Ray. Bayswater, Bx. Heyford, H. Bos.
6. Thame. Near Thame Park, Sid.

Berks. Marcham, Sonning! Bessilsleigh, Stanmore, etc., Brit.

TRICHERA. Schrad.

T. arvensis, Sch. Field Scabious.

Scabiosa arvensis, L. Knautia arvensis, Coult.

Top. Bot. 220. Syme, E. B. iv. 252.679. Nym. 347. Bx. 179.

Native. Agrestal. Cultivated fields. Common and generally distri-
buted. P. June-Aug.

First record, Sib. 1794.

With white flowers at Headington Wick ; an entire leaved form occa-
sionally occurs.

Orp. XLITI. COMPOSITA, L.

BIDENS. L.
B. cernua, L. Nodding Bur Marigold.
Top. Bot. 248. Syme, E. B. v. 93. 763. Nym. 348.
Native. Paludal. Pondsides, wet places. Local and rare. A.
July—Sept.
First record, Sib. 1794, and var. minima, L.
3. Swere. Upper Heyford, Marston, Rev. HE. Fox.
5. Isis. Eynsham, H. Bos. ,
6. Thame. North side of Shotover, var. minima, L., Sib.
7. Thames. In ditches parallel to the river north of Isis and west of
Caversham! With var. radiata, Syme. Rep. of Rec. Club, 1883.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 157

Its scarcity in Oxford is remarkable.
Berks, near Reading. Bucks, Napford Common. Northants very rare.
Gloster, W. Warwick.

B. tripartita, L.

Top. Bot. 249. Syme, E. B. v. 94. 764. Nym. 348. Bx. 446.

Native. Paludal. Marshy places, ditches, ete. Much more frequent
than cernua. A. July—Sept.

First record, 82b. 1794.

3. Swere. Canalside, Banbury, A. Fr.

4. Ray. Bicester, H. Bos. Fencott, Rev. Moyle Rogers. Otmoor,

Upper Heyford, Marston.

5. Isis. Eynsham, Hinksey, H. Bos. Binsey, Port Meadow, Wolver-
cote.

6. Thame. Dorchester, Rev. F. Bennett. Thame, Hb. Ba. Water-
perry, A. Fr.

7. Thames. Mongewell, Maple Durham.

DORONICUM. L.
* D. plantagineum, L. Leopard’s Bane.
Comp. Cyb. 534. Nym. 350. Syme, E. B. v. 92. 772.
Alien. Relic of cultivation. Rare. June, July.
4. Ray. Middleton Stoney, F. Rogers,
5. Isis. New Yatt near Witney, F. Westell and H. Bos.
6. Thame. Brightwell Grove, Mr. Munton.

SENECIO. L.
S. campestris, DC.

Cineraria campestris, Retz. Top. Bot. 257. Syme, E. B. v. 89. 760.
Nym. 353. Bx. 206.

Native. Glareal. Dry pastures and downs. Very local and rare.
May.

First record, Jacobea minima montana lanuginosa foliis brevibus subro-
tundis, in glabretis prope Burford, Morrison, 1699.

5. Isis. Burford, as above. Do. Sir H. Parker. Do. Sib., etc. Burford
on the road to Cirencester near the fourth milestone, south-east side
of Wootton field, about two miles from Woodstock, Dr. Lightfoot
MSS. Both localities now enclosed and the plant destroyed. Near
Charlbury, J. Albright. It may still exist on Lyneham Camp.

7. Thames. Mongewell on Grime’s Dyke, OC. integrifolia, Sib. Still
there in 1885. Stokenchurch Hill, F. Witts, Esq., 1836, Bx.

Berks. Compton, Ilsley and Streatley Downs still fairly common, Bz.
Plate was drawn from a Streatley specimen. Bucks. Northants,
Wittering Heath, probably extinct. Gloster.
158 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

* §. saracenicus, LD.

Comp. Cyb. 514. Syme, E. B. v. 87.757. Nym. 353.

Denizen. Occurs sparingly in plantations, nowhere indigenous. P.
July, Aug.

First record, Dr. Williams MSS. 1831.

3. Swere. Hanwell plantation, A. Fr. 1872.

6. Thame. Shotover plantation, Dr. Williams, Baxt. in Walk., etc.

Last seen 1866.

S. aquaticus, Huds.

Top. Bot. 256. Syme, E. B, v. 86. 756. Nym. 355.

Native. Inundatal. Marshes, wet meadows, etc. Common and gen-
erally distributed. P. July-Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794.

The outline of the leaf varies considerably.

S. Jacobea, L. Common Ragwort.

Top. Bot. 256. Syme, E. B. v. 85.755. Nym, 355.

Native. Pascual. Pastures, roadsides, ete. Common and generally
distributed. P. July—Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794.

S. erucifolius, LD.

Top. Bot. 256. Syme, E. B. v. 84. 754. Nym. 356.

Native. Viatical. Woods, hedges, waysides. More frequent on stiff
clay and chalk. P. July—Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794, 8. tenuifolius, J.

3. Swere. Beyond N. Newington, Bees. Broughton, Milton, A. Fr.

Bloxham, etc.

4. Ray. Between Middleton Stoney and Fritwell, A. Fr. Between

Bicester and Blackthorn, H. Bos. Bletchingdon, Charlton, etc.

. Isis. Minster Lovell, Woodstock, etc.

. Thame. Between Bullingdon and Shotover, between Oxford and
Cowley Marsh, Ba. Between Wheatley and Thame, Wm. Whitwell.
Albury.

7. Thames. Chalk-pit near Henley, A. Fr. Goring, Ipsden, Wood-

cote, etc.

Berks. Near the Hinkseys, Botley to Cumnor, Bz. Bessilsleigh.

HS OH

8. squalidus, L. Oxford Ragwort.

S. chrysanthemifolius, Poir.

Comp. Cyb. Oxford, 534. Syme, E. B. v. 83. 753. Nym. 357-
Bx. 52.

Denizen. Old walls and waste ground. Abundant about Oxford. A.,
B. or P. April—July. .
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 159

First record. Sub ipsis denique muris urbis rariores stirpes oculis oc-
currunt, que tamen cum peregrina sint facie, dubito utrum inter indigenas
enumerande sint, e.g. Hieractum cerinthoides, Senecionis species, et Cym-
balaria que late se propagans undequaque prorepit, et tapetis instar circa
rudera et antiquiores muros sternitur, Sib., preface, viii. Specimen in Herb.
Sherard. dated 1799. Do. in Hb. Br. Mus. 1805, Ed. Forster. W. Christy,
Jun., 1832. In Comp. Cyb. Br. Walls, Oxford, Rev. W. T. Bree. Al-
though not a native it has become naturalized on every wall in and about
Oxford, Purt. add. i. Plentiful on every wall in and about Oxford.
Dillenius sent seeds of this to Linnzus from the Oxford Garden, Walk.
Very plentiful in and about Oxford, where it was first noticed by Sir Joseph
Banks. Dillenius sent seeds to Linneus, but whether he gathered them
from the Oxford Garden or wall of the town no memorandum exists. It
is not improbable that the plant was originally naturalized from the
Garden, being really a native of Sicily, Sm. Eng. Fl. Geo. Don noticed it
at Oxford in 1810. See spec. in his fasciculus. See also Bab. Man.,
Hooker's St. Flora, Eng. Bot., Baxter, etc., etc. It is still abundant about
Oxford, not only on old walls, but on waste ground, especially by the
railway, from whence seeds are carried by trains to various places along
the line, as to Littlemore, Reading, etc.

It is described in the Student’s Flora as glabrous, but the young plants
are thinly covered with shaggy hairs. It is in full bloom in May, but
specimens in flower may be seen from March to November. The leaves
vary very much in outline, from subentire to deeply pinnatifid; when
bruised they are aromatic. In the Brit. Mus. Herb. is a specimen collected
by W. T. Dyer, var. parviflorus, site of old workhouse, Jericho, 1867. In
this variety the flower heads are one half the normal size, being half
instead of one inch across, while the foliage is very slightly smaller than
usual. The dried flowers have very much the appearance of the rayed form
of S. vulgaris. Mr. Dyer proposed the name parviflorus for this var.
It grew sparingly amongst thousands of the normal form. See Rep. of
Lond. Ex. Club, 1867.

The specific name squalidus is very inappropriate, the name adopted in
the Prodromus is much more fitting, S. chrysanthemifolius, Poir. Our
Oxford plant is referred by De Candolle to the var. lutilobus, De Cand.
In Anglia circa Oxon. ‘Banks.’ It is very variable.

* S. crassifolius, W. Nym. 357-

Denizen. Waste ground in and about Oxford. A. May, June.

First record, the Author, 1884, and first as English.

5. Isis. On waste ground at Osney, near Folly Bridge, 1884, near
Wolvercote brickyard, Mr. Frost, 1885. Between L. N. W. R. and
G. W: R. Station 1885, Canalside near Hythe Bridge, Riverside
near Hertford Barge in Christ Church Meadow.
160 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

S. vernalis, VW. K. Nym. 357.

Denizen. Waste ground about Oxford. Rare. A. May, June.

First record, the Author, 1884.

Waste ground Osney, do. near the Railway Station, near the Tennis
Court, Norham Gardens, F. T. Richards !

[S. viscosus, L. Syme, E. B. v. 82. 752. Top. Bot. (?) 23.

First and only record, ‘near Baldon, Sib. This was almost certainly
the viscid form of S. sylvaticus, L., which still occurs there.]

S. sylvaticus, Te

Top. Bot. 255. Syme, E. B. v. 81. 750. 751. Nym. 358.

Native. Glareal and ericetal. Heaths and dry sandy soil. Rather

local. A. July-Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794.

1. Stour. Tadmarton Heath, Bees./ Sibford.

. Ouse. Hethe.

3. Swere. Epwell Heath! Crouch Hill, Springe Hill, rare, T. Bees.
Tadmarton.

4. Ray. Headington Wick, H. Bos. Stow Wood, Upper Heyford.

5. Isis. South Leigh Heath, Eynsham Heath, Sib. Freeland, North
Leigh.

6. Thame. Shotover! Bx. MSS. Magdalen Wood, Culham, Church
Baldon.

7. Thames. Nettlebed, Chinnor, Woodcote, Binfield, etc. Frequent
on the sandy commons of the Chilterns, and especially abundant
after the Furze has been cleared.

Berks. Frilford, Tubney, Bagley, Wootton, Boar’s Hill, ete.

The form lividus Sm. non. L. also occurs; the upper leaves have larger

auricles than the type. It is the auriculatus of Meyer.

rp

S. vulgaris, L. Groundsel.

Top. Bot. 255. Syme, E.B. v. 80. 749. Nym. 358.

Native. Agrestal. Cultivated ground and waste places. Ubiquitous.
A. Jan.—Dec.

First record, Sib. 1794.

Var. S. radiatus, Koch. Near Osney and Folly Bridge on waste ground,
with type and squalidus.

ANTHEMIS. L.
A. nobilis, D. Chamomile.

Top. Bot. 261. Syme, E. B. v. 53. 724. Nym. 358.

Native. Pascual. Heathy ground. Veryrare. P. June—Sept.
First record, Sib. 1794.

4, Ray. Otmoor, Sid.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 161

5. Isis. South Leigh Heath near the Hill House, Sib.

6. Thame. Cornfield on the north side of London Road between
Oxford and first milestone, Hb. Bx. 1835, extinct.

7. Thames. Stoke Row Common, Woodcote Heath, native.

Berks. Virginia Water. Bucks, Napford Common. Warwick.

A. arvensis, L. Corn Chamomile.

Top. Bot. 261. Syme, E. B. v. 51.721. Nym. 361.

Native. Agrestal. Cornfields, not unfrequent on the chalk, local in

other districts. A. May-July.

First record, Sib. 1794.

3. Swere. Hanwell Field, Constitution Hill, field near Bodicote Par-
sonage, Wickham Lane, 7. Bees. Crouch Hill, A. Fr.

4, Ray. Between Kirtlington and Bletchingdon, W. Wilson Saunders.
Between Somerton and Middleton, A. Fr. Near Ireton Hill,
Bayswater, Headington near the London Road, R. Walker.

5. Isis. Between Church and Long Handborough, Bx. Abundant
1833!

6. Thame. Near Warneford Asylum, H. Bos. in Phyt.iv. 101. Tun-
bridge Field, Stanton St. John, Walk.

7. Thames. Goring, Nuffield, Watlington, Binfield, Crowmarsh,
Woodcote, Stoke Row, Caversham, Kidmore End, Chinnor, Crows-
ley, Cane End. Replaces to a great extent M. Chamomilla, etc.,
on the chalk.

Berks. Foxcombe, H. Garnsey. Frilford, Botley Pound, J. Bennett,
1812. Streatley, Basildon.

A. Cotula, L. Mather. Stinking May- Weed.

Top. Bot. 262. Syme, E. B. v. 49. 720. Nym. 362. Bx. 328.

Native. Agrestal. Cultivated fields and waste places. Generally dis-
tributed and locally common. A. June—Oct.

First record, Sib. 1794.

This plant is detested by reapers, whose hands and legs frequently get
blistered by it.

* * Anacyclus radiatus, Lois. Nym. 363.

Var. purpurascens, DC,
Alien. Waste ground. Wolvercote, 1883.

ACHILLEA. L.

A. Ptarmica, L. Sneezewort.
Top. Bot. 263. Syme, E.B.v. 59.727. Nym. 364. Bx. 36. Ptarmica
vulgaris, DC.
Native. Pratal. Damp meadows and streamsides. Generally dis-
tributed in Thames and Cherwell districts.
M
162, FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

First record, Sib. 1794.

8. Swere. Banbury, A. Fr., Bees., ete.

4. Ray. Kirtlington, H. Bos. It grows to a very large size and with a
yellowish tinge to the flowers in the meadows by the side of Cher-
well, W. Wilson Saunders, Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. iii. n. 8. p. 239-
Otmoor, with large flowers. The Parks.

5. Isis. Godstow, H. Bos. TBladon, Rogers. North Leigh, Port
Meadow, Bampton, ete.

6. Thame. Nuneham, H. Bos. Iffley, Albury, Thame, Hb. Bx. Dor-
chester.

7. Thames. Mongewell, Maple Durham, Caversham, etc.

Berks. Bablock Hithe, H. Bos. Radley, etc.

A. Millefolium, L. Yarrow.

Top. Bot. 263. Syme, E. B. v. 57. 727. Nym. 366.

Native. Pascual. Pastures, roadsides, ete. Very common and gener-
ally distributed. P. June-—Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794.

With purple flowers at Nettlebed, Goring, etc., and very pubescent
foliage at Stonesfield.

CHRYSANTHEMUM. L.
C. segetum, L. Corn Marigold.
Top. Bot. 259. Syme, E. B. v. 40.713. Nym. 370. Bx. 306.
Colonist. Agrestal. Cultivated fields on sandy soil. Locally common.
June-Nov.
First record, Sib. 1794.
. Stour. Tadmarton, etc.
. Swere. Hanwell, Tadmarton, Drayton, Milton, abundant, A. Fr.
. Ray. Headington Wick, Elsfield, Stow Wood, eic.
. Isis. South Leigh.
. Thame. Shotover, Hb. Lawson. Teddington, A. Fr. Thame, Hb.
Bz. Nuneham, Cuddesdon, Horsepath, etc.
7. Thames. Mongewell. ©
Berks. Boar’s Hill, Tubney.

an rk we

Cc. Leucanthemum, L. Ox-eye Daisy. Moon-daisy.

Top. Bot. 259. Syme, E. B. v. 41.714. Nym.371. Leucanthemum
vulgare, Lam.

Native. Pascual. Fields, etc. Abundant and generally distributed.
P. May-July.

First record, Sib. 1794. In a pasture where this was growing abun-
dantly the cattle had eaten the grass, etc., but left this untouched, Br.
MSS. Very fine by riverside between Bablook Hithe and Eynsham.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 16 3

One specimen was gathered which had 162 expanded heads on it, and some
of these measured two and a-half inches across.

PYRETHRUM. G.
* P, Parthenium, Sm. Feverfew.

Matricaria Parthenium, L. Chrysanthemum Partheniwm, Pers.

Top. Bot. 260. Syme, E. B. v. 43.715. Nym. 372. Bx. 20.

Denizen. Walls and waste places. Rare. P. July, Aug.

First record, Sib. 1794.

3. Swere. Frequent Banbury Bridge, Oxford Road, Bees. Drayton,
R. French. Adderbury West, Shutford Priory, T. Brayne. Near
Hardwick toll-gate, Miss Rusher. Dalby’s Wharf, A. Fr. Barford
St. John.

4. Ray. Headington, near the ‘Black Boy, on a wall in the lane
leading to Barton, R. Walk. Between the Parks and Summertown,
Bx. 1831! Magd. Coll. Walks.

5. Isis. St. John’s Coll. Walls! rather rare about Oxford. A little
way out of Woodstock on the Stonesfield Road, Bx. Yarnton,
T. Thurland. Godstow! H. Bos. North Leigh, waste ground
near Canal, Oxford, near Ashford Mills.

6. Thame. Waterstock, A. Fr. Great Milton, Great Haseley, Nuneham.

7. Thames. Flore pleno Caversham, A. Fr.

Var. P. parthentfolium, W. Walls Thame, A. Fr.

MATRICARIA. L.
M. inodora, L.
Top. Bot. 260. Syme, E. B. v. 46.717. Nym. 374.
Native. Agrestal, etc. Fields, waysides, ete. Generally distributed.
A. June-Nov.
First record, Sib. 1794. Chrysanthemum inodorum, L.

M. Chamomilla, L. Wild Chamomile.

Top. Bot. 260. Syme, E.B. v. 48.719. Nym. 374. Bx. 335.

Native. Agrestal. Cultivated fields, etc. Generally distributed and
locally common. A, June—Aug.

First record, Sib. 1794.

TANACETUM. L.
T. vulgare, L. Tansy.
Top. Bot. 260. Syme, E. B. v. 44.716. Nym. 375. Bx. 34. Chry-
santhemum Tanacetum, Reich.
Native. Viatical. Roadsides and waste places. Local, rather rare.
P. July—Sept.
First record, Sib. 1794.
164 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

. Ouse. Finmere, Mixbury, R. CO. Pryor.

3. Swere. The record in the Banbury List Mr. Beesley has subsequently
discovered was erroneously made by the recorder. Between Milton
and Adderbury, A. Fr.

4, Ray. Headington Wick Copse, R. Walker in Bx. Between Barton
and Stow Wood, 7. Thurland. Banks of Cherwell, Rev. £. Fox.
Near Woodstock Road Station.

5. Isis. South Leigh, Sib.

. Thame. Shotover Hill! Sid.

7. Thames. Thame, Hb. Bz. Caversham, H. Bos. Christmas
Common, Stokenchurch, near Stoke Row, Ipsden, Nettlebed, near
Shirburn, Woodcote.

Berks. Foxcombe Hill, H. Bos. Near Kennington, Bz. Appleton,

Maple Durham, near the ‘ Roebuck,’ F. Tufnait.

nw

a>

ARTEMISIA. JL.

* A. Absinthium, LD. Wormwood.

Top. Bot. 251 (error). Syme, E. B. v. 61. 731. Nym. 376. Bx. 339.

Denizen. Viatical. Waste places. Often a relic of cultivation. Rare.
P. July—Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794.

5. Isis. Near Ashford Mills.

6. Thame. Headington Quarries, Hb. Bx. Shotover, Bullingdon,

H. Bos.
7. Thames. Caversham, Newb.

Berks. Appleford, Denford, Wellington College, Brit. Northants,
Duston. Gloster.

A. vulgaris, L. Mugwort.

Top. Bot. 252, Syme, E. B. v. 62. 732. Nym. 378.

Native. Septal. Hedges, field-borders, etc. Common and generally
distributed. P. July-Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794.

Between Caversfield and Bicester a form occurred near A. coarctata,
Fors. See Reich. Fl. Germ. 1038, and is identical with the condition
assumed by the original plant of that variety found by Mr. Bagnall.

GNAPHALIUM. L.
G. uliginosum, LD. Marsh Cudweed.
Top. Bot. 253. Syme, E. B. v. 72. 741. Nym. 382.
Native. Damp places, roadsides, dry ditches, etc. Common and gener-
ally distributed. A. July—Oct.

First record, Sib. 1794.
I have been unable to find the var. with hairy achenes, G. pilulare,
Wahl., although many hundreds of specimens have been examined.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 165

G@. sylvaticum, Z. Heath Cudweed.

Top. Bot. 253. Syme, E. B. v. 74. 743. Nym. 382.

Native. Ericetal. Dry heathy pastures. Local and rare. P. July-
Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794. G. rectum.

1. Stour. Tadmarton Heath, A. Bees./

3. Swere. Epwell Heath, 7. Bees.

4. Ray. Stow Wood, Sib. Ground near Bog under Headington Wick
Copse, 1860, Ba.

. Thame. Shotover, Sib. North-west side of Shotover, 1885.

7. Thames. Crowell Hill, Ibstone Common, Nettlebed. It may be

seen in a barren state on some other Commons on the Chilterns.
Berks. Bagley Wood, Bz.

a

G. dioicum, L. Mountain Everlasting.

Top. Bot. 252. Syme, E. B. v. 78.747. Nym. 383. Bx. 243.

Antennaria dioica, Br. Native. LEricetal. Heaths. Very rare or
extinct.

First and only record, Sib. 1794.

7. Thames. Woodcote Heath.

It may yet be found on the chalk escarpment of the Chilterns.

Berks. Blewbury Downs, Hills at Hampstead Norris, Ridgway, Brit.

No recent record, Northants, 1878, very rare.

FILAGO. L.
FP. spathulata, Pr.
Top. Bot. 254. Syme, E. B. v. 69. 738. Nym. 384.
Native. Glareal. Dry fields and roadsides. Local. A. July—Sept.
First record, W. Mathews in Phyt. vol. iv. 134, 1853.
5. Isis. Woodstock roadside, W. Mathews. Witney, F. T. Richards.
7. Thames. Goring, Newd., showed to him by Dr. Boswell Syme.
Bix, Chinnor.
Berks. Wootton, Tubney, Rep. of Rec. Club, 1881. Bucks, Hamble-
don, Bledlow, Rep. of Rec. Club, 1883.

F. germanica, L. F. canescens, Jord.

Top. Bot. 253. Syme, E. B. v. 67. 736. Nym. 384.

Native. Glareal, etc. Dry cultivated fields, waste ground, roadsides,
ete. Not very common. A. June—Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794.

1. Stour. Tadmarton Heath, A. Fr.

2. Ouse. Mixbury, Hardwick.

83. Swere. Crouch Lane, Bees. Hanwell, R. French. Adderbury, Gull.

4. Ray.’ Near Middleton Stoney, A. Fr. Headington Wick.
166 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

5. Isis. Charlbury, Rev. R. Linton. Burford, Wychwood, on a wall
top in Bampton, etc.

6. Thame. Thame, Hb. Br. Bullingdon, Shotover, H. Bos. Culham, etc.

7. Thames. Nettlebed, large form; Henley, small form, A. Fr. Goring,
Chinnor.

Berks. Frilford, Wootton.

FP. apiculata, G. HL. Sm. F lutescens, Jord.

Syme, E. B. v. 68. 337. Nym. 384.

Native. Glareal. Dry sandy ground. Veryrare. A. July, Aug.

First record, Alf. French, 1870.

3. Swere. Tadmarton, H. Walford.

7. Thames. Chalk-pit near Flowing Spring, Chalk-pit Lewknor, Nettle-
bed Wood, A. Fr. ‘The Caversham plant may be apiculata,’ Newb.
Nuffield to Mongewell.

Berks. Wargrave; no record for other border counties.

P. minima, Fr. Least Cudweed.

Top. Bot. 253. Syme, E. B. v. 70.739. Nym. 385.

Native. Ericetal. Sandy heathy ground. Very local. A. June-Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794. F. montana, L. .

1. Stour. Tadmarton Heath! T. Bees. Broughton, E. Walford.
Crouch Farm, Reuben French.

6. Thame. Shotover Hill, near the road to Cuddesdon, Sib.

7. Thames. Kidmore End, Caversham, F. Tufnail.

Berks. Boar’s Hill! Tubney, Bx./ Frilford.

ASTER, L.

* A, paniculatus, Lam. Michaelmas Daisy.

Alien. A North American plant now well established by the side of
the Canal at the back of Worcester College Gardens; near the Railway
Station and elsewhere about Oxford: Prof. Asa Gray refers to the above
species. See Journ. Bot. 1882, p. 83.

* A. Novi-Belgii, L. Michaelmas Daisy.

Alien. Formerly established in several places on the bank of the
Cherwell, distant from houses, in Ch. Ch. Meadow, where it had probably
come from Botanic Gardens. On the river bank near ‘ Louse Lock,’ and
in hedges near Warneford Asylum, etc., H. Bos. in Phyt. iv. n. s. 101.
An Aster from the Canalside above Hythe Bridge has been referred by
Prof. Asa Gray to the Linnean Novi Belgii which the Professor says he
believes ‘includes a great deal.’

[* A. levis, Z. An Aster from Park Place Wood, Berks, near Henley,
in Hb. Rudge in the Brit. Mus. Herb. labelled A. punicens, L., is named
A. levis, L., by Prof. Asa Gray.]
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 167

SOLIDAGO. L.
8S. Virgaurea, DL. Golden Rod.

Top. Bot. 255. Syme, E. B. v. 113. 778. Nym. 387. Bx. 238.

Native. Sylvatical. Woods and heaths. Local and rare. P. July-
Sept.

First record, Sir Jos. Banks, 1760, ‘near Oxford.’ This may be from
Berks. Sibthorp gives it unlocalised.

7. Thames. Caversham! Newb. Wood between Woodcote and

Goring.
Berks. Foxcombe Hill, Rev. HE. Fox. Northants, Boro Hill.
This is given in Walker as one of our common plants.

ERIGERON. L.

E. acre, L. Blue Fleabane.

Top. Bot. 254. Syme, E. B. v. 108. 774. Nym. 388. Bx. 166.

Native. Glareal. Dry, gravelly and chalky pastures, railbanks, etc.

Rather local. P. July—Oct.

First record, Conyza acris flore albo, Merrett, 1666.

4. Ray. Cornfields between Begbroke and Woodstock, 1831; natural-
ized on walls of Botanic Garden; ground above Headington Wick
Copse, 1860, Ba. Barton, H. Ridley. Headington, Rev. F. Smith.
Islip.

5. Isis. Stanton Harcourt, Sib. Eynsham.

6. Thame. Bullingdon Green, Shotover, Sib. Headington Hill,
Merrett. Roadside between Asylum and Shotover, Br. Horsepath,
Littlemore railside, abundant, Stanton St. John.

7. Thames. Goring, H. Bos./ Caversham, plentiful, Mongewell.

Berks. Moulsford.

Was Merrett’s plant the EZ. serotinus of Reich. ?

BELLIS. L.
B. perennis, L. The Daisy.

Top. Bot. 259. Syme, E. B. v. 104.772. Nym. 390. Bx. 44.

Native. Pascual. Fields and meadows, ete. Abundant and generally
distributed. P. Jan—Dec.

First record, D. Dillenius, 1726, ‘in itinere Botanici.’

INULA. L.
I. Helenium, L. Elecampane.

Syme, E. B. v. 97. 766. Nym. 391. Bx. 265.
Denizen. Meadows and pastures. Veryrare. P. July, Aug.
First record, Wm. Coles in Adam in Eden, 1657.
168 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

3. Swere. ‘Parson’s meadow, by Adderbury, as I have been told, and
in divers other parts of Oxfordshire, Wm. Coles.

5, Isis. Stanton St. John, Sib. Wychwood, 1880, #. Bos.

6. Thame. Shotover, Rev. EZ. Fox. Meadow near the Plough public
house, Horton, R. Walker.

Berks. Near a foot-path leading from the new to the old road to
Eynsham, about three miles from Oxford, Walk. Fl.

Northants, Warwick.

I. Conyza, DC. Ploughman's Spikenard.

Top. Bot. 257. Syme, E. B. v. 98. 767. Nym. 393. Bx. 290.

Native. Roadsides on calcareous soil. Local, but not rare. P.

First record, Sib. 1794. Conyza squarrosa, L.

1. Stour. Sibford Heath.

2. Ouse. Fritwell, A. Fr.

3. Swere. Swalecliffe Common, 1863, I. Bees.

4, Ray. Marston Lane, Elsfield, Headington Wick Copse! Tackley !
On the Banbury Road, between sixth and seventh milestone from
Oxford, Bx. Between Elsfield and Stow Wood, J. Fr. Kirtlington.
Beckley, between Bicester and Caversfield, etc.

5. Isis. Near Witney, on road to Burford! Sib. Very abundant in
old stone-pits between North Leigh and Ashford Mills! and
between the Evenlode and Stonesfield! Bx. Charlbury, Minster
Lovell, Burford, Wychwood, Woodstock, etc.

6. Thame. Wheatley Stone Quarries! Sib. Holton Stone Pits! Br.
Near Horton, Rk. Walk. Shotover, Stanton Quarries.

7. Thames. Watlington, H. Bos. Caversham, F. A. Lees. Mongewell,
Nettlebed, Christmas Common, Lewknor, etc.

Berks. Bessilsleigh, Moulsford, etc.

Baxter found a new species of Uredo on Inula in the Oxford Garden,
afterwards named U. pallida by Dr. Greville.

PULICARIA. G.
P. dysenterica, G. Fleabane.

Top. Bot. 258. Syme, E. B, v. 102. 776. Nym. 394. Bx. 170.

Native. Paludal. Wet ditches and marshy places. Locally, but
widely distributed. P. July-Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794. Inula dysenterica, L.

2. Ouse. Hardwick, 7. Brayne.

3. Swere. Hardwick Road, A. J.

4, Ouse. Summertown, Rev. R. Linton. Beckley, Otmoor, Lower

Heyford, Water Eaton, etc.
5. Isis. Freeland, Eynsham, South Leigh, etc.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 169

6. Thame. Thame, Hb. Bx. Albury, Cowley, Horsepath, etc.
7. Thames. Saunders’ Green, Maple Durham, etc.

P. vulgaris, G. Small Fleabane.

Top. Bot. 259. Syme, E. B. v. 102. 771. Nym. 394.
Native. Inundatal. Wet places which have been overflowed in winter.
Very rare. A. Aug., Sept.
First record, Sib. 1794. Inula pulicaria, L.
4. Ray. Noke, Sib. Horton Road, leading on to Otmoor, R. Walk.,
1834.
Berks (?). Warwick (?), extinct.

EUPATORIUM. L.
E. cannabinum, L. Hemp Agrimony.

Top. Bot. 250. Syme, E. B. v. 121. 785. Nym. 396. Bx. 178.
Native. Paludal. Marshes, ditches, damp woods, ete. Rather common,
and widely distributed. P. July—Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794.

2. Ouse. Mixbury.

8. Swere. Wroxton, Adderbury, Wickham, Gull. Bodicote, near
Grove Mill, Alkerton, A. Fr.

4, Ray. Headington Wick! Noke Wood! H. Bos. Beckley, Oddington,
Elsfield, Wood Eaton, Marston, etc.

5. Isis. Charlbury, Reuben French. Blenheim, Wychwood, H. Bos.
Handborough, Wolvercote.

6. Thame. Bullingdon Bog! Bx. Horton, Littlemore, Wheatley,
Horsepath, Holton, Dorchester, etc.

7. Thames. Caversham.

Berks. South Hinksey, Wytham, Bagley, Botley, Cumnor, etc.

PETASITES. T.

P. officinalis, Mch. Butter-Bur.
P. vulgaris, D. Top. Bot. 254. Syme, E. B. v. 119. 783. Nym. 397.
Bx. 139.

Native. Paludal. River- and brooksides, marshy ground. Not common,
but widely distributed. P. March-May.

First record, 1732, Dillenius in Hortus Elthamensis, p. 310. Tussilago
hybrida, prope Banbury primum inventa dicitur in Anglia, see note in
Bot. Guide, which corrects the mistake in Withering, ed. ii. p. 906, and
Smith’s Fl. Brit. of referring the discovery of it to Mr. Woodward, who
merely directed Withering’s attention to the plate in Hort. Elth.

3. Swere. Banbury, as above, Hanwell, 4. Fr. Deddington, Somerton,

by Canalside, Hooknorton.
170 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

4, Ray. Banks of the Cherwell, Sib, Abundant by Canal from Upper
Heyford to Kirtlington, Headington, Barton.

5. Isis. Canal, Wolvercote, Bx. Windrush, near Witney, H. Bos.
Yarnton.

6. Thame. Sandford Lane, Sib. Tussilago Petasites. Between Nuneham
and Abingdon, Br. Thame, Hb. Bx. Clifton Hampden, Rev. F.
Bennett. Uredo Petasites, Grev., covers the under surface of the
leaf in Autumn, Bz. Dorchester.

7. Thames. Streatley Weir, F. Tufnail.

Berks. Radley, Marcham.

The 7. hybrida was the female plant.

TUSSILAGO. L.

T. Farfara, L. Coltsfoot.

Top. Bot. 254. Syme, E. B. v. 115. 780. Nym. 397. Bx. 91.

Native. Agrestal. Fields and waste places, especially on the clay.
Abundant and generally distributed. P. March, April.

First record, Sib. 1794.

Uredo Tussilaginis, Grev. and Ecidiwm Tussilaginis, Grev. The latter
in a very perfect state grew on this species between Shotover Hill and
Headington Quarry, Bz.

The Coltsfoot is one of the first plants to spring up on newly-made
ground, railway sides, etc.

CARLINA. L.

C. vulgaris, L. Carline Thistle.

Top. Bot. 246. Syme, E. B. v. 21. 698. Nym. 401. Bx. 405.

Native. Glareal. Dry pastures, heaths, and downs. Local. B.

June—Aug.

First record, Sib. 1794.

1, Stour. Tadmarton Heath, Sibford Heath.

2. Ouse. Tusmore and Hardwick Heath.

3. Swere. Spinney near Broughton Fulling Mill, Swalecliffe Heath,
between Broughton and Tadmarton, A. Fr.

4. Ray. Upper Heyford, Headington Wick, Br. Stow Wood, H. Bos.
Elsfield.

5. Isis. Leafield, A. Fr. Burford, Sib. North Leigh, Ditchley,
Wychwood, Lyneham, Ashford Mills.

6. Thame. Shotover, Bz. Bullingdon, Sid.! Wheatley Quarries,
Holton, Tetsworth, Great Haseley.

7. Thames. Beacon Hill, Stokenchurch, Goring, Chinnor, Ipsden
Heath, Nuffield, abundant on the road from Chinnor to Ewelme,
Caversham.

Berks. Frilford.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. I7t

As in Cirsium anglicum, the first year’s plant has the leaves

entire.
ARCTIUM. L.

A. majus, Schk. Great Burdock.

Top. Bot. 238. Syme, E. B. v. 23. 699. Nym. 402.

Native. Hedges, copses, waste ground, roadsides, etc. Not uncommon.
B. Aug.

First localised record, W. Baxter MSS., 1827, A. Bardana.
. Stour. Tadmarton.
Ray. Otmoor, Rep. of Rec. Club, 1881. Lower Heyford.
. Isis. Burford, Godstow, Oxford.
. Thame. Lane leading from Cheney Lane to Bullingdon Green,

nearly opposite the Windmill, Bx. Thame, Hb. Bx. Albury.
7. Thames. Caversham with at least two other species, Newb. Maple
Durham, F. A. Lees.

Berks, Bagley. Bucks, Northants, Gloster, Warwick. oa

Aor

A. intermedium, Lange.

Comp. Cyb. 530. Syme, E. B. v. 25. 701. Nym. 402.
Native. Waysides, etc. Rather rare. B. Aug.—Sept.
6. Thame. Waterperry, 4. Fr. Headington.
Warwick.

A. minus, Schkr. Burdock.

Syme, E. B. v. 24. 702. Nym. 402. Bx. 330.

Native. Waysides, woods, hedges, ete. Common and generally dis-
tributed. B. Aug., Sept.

First certain record, 7’. Beesley, 1842. See also Rep. of Rec. Club, 1881.

[A. nemorosum, Lej.

Warwick.]

[A. tomentosum, Pers. Comp. Cyb. Br. 530 (error). Oxford.

Ambiguity. Oxford Botanic Gardens, 1867, to which Mr. Baxter says he
brought it from Bagley Wood many years before.]

* * Helianthus tuberosus. The Jerusalem Artichoke.

Alien. This plant is well established in an old hedgerow between
Marston Ferry and Water Eaton. The hedgerow is a double one on a
steep bank, and the plant occurs in it for a space of thirty yards.

It also occurs on the site of a turnpike near Tetsworth.

ONOPORDON. L.

O. Acanthium, LZ. Cotton Thistle.

Top. Bot. 245. Syme, E. B. v. 2.680. Nym. 402. Bx. 273.
Denizen. Hedgebanks, roadsides, waste ground. Rare. B. July-

Sept.
172 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

First record, Sib. 1794.

2. Ouse. Mixbury.

8. Swere. Bretch, Bees. Castle Close Banbury, A. Fr. On a wall
in the ‘ Reindeer,’ A. Fr., quite a casual.

4, Ray. Between Parks and Summertown, 1831, Bx. Stow Wood.

6. Thame. Hedgebank on Bullingdon Green near Magd. Coll. Copse,
1831, Cheney Lane, Bz. Bullingdon, H. EH. Garnsey. Thame,
Hb. Bz., 1844. Shotover Hill, leaves more green than type, 1884,
Bullingdon Quarries.

Berks. Hurley, Inkpen, Ilsley, Brit. Frilford. Bucks, casual.
Northants. Warwick, alien or denizen.

SILYBUM. G.
* §. Marianum, @. Milk Thistle.

Comp. Cyb. 531. Syme, EH. B. v. 4. 681. Nym. 404.

Denizen or casual. Roadsides and waste ground. Rare, sporadic. B.
May-July.

First record, Sib. 1794. Unlocalised. Carduus marianus, L.

3. Swere. Waste ground a mile beyond Adderbury towards Ded-

dington, at the entrance of the lane to Adderbury West, T. Bees.
5. Isis. Waste ground near Osney, 1880.
6. Thame. Bullingdon Bog, H. E. Garnsey.

Berks. Plentiful by roadside about a mile from Abingdon, 1827, Bz.

CIRSIUM. Scop.

C. eriophorum, Scop. Woolly-headed Thistle.

Top. Bot. 243. Syme, E. B. v. 11.687. Nym. 405. Cnicus, L. Car-
duus eriophorus, L.

Native. Dry pastures, roadsides, open woods. Locally common. B.
July—Sept.

First record, Carduus tomentosus, Corona fratrum dictus, Park. Black-
stone, 1737.

1. Stour. Sibford Heath.

8. Swere. Hardwick Hill, Bretch, Gull. Not common, T. Bees.

4. Ray. Stow Wood! Sib. Between Stonehouse Farm and [Weston]
Peat Pits, W. Wilson Saunders. Upper Heyford, in great abundance
between Tackley and Gibraltar, Br. Blackthorn, Kirtlington,
Tackley, Elsfield, Middleton Stoney.

5. Isis. Between Oxford and’ Woodstock, South Leigh, Sib. About
Charlbury, plentifully, Blackstone. In Walcot Wilderness and
about Langley Manor, Blackstone MSS. Do. in Gough, ete.
Stonesfield, Hb. Br. Mus. Coll. H. Bos. 1866. Near Ashford Mills!
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 173

Bx. Between Witney and North Leigh, W. Christy, 1832.
Handborough, Burford, Ditchley, Lyneham, Chadlington, ete.

6. Thame. Bullingdon! H. Bos. Open Magdalen.

7. Thames. Stokenchurch, Lewknor, H. Bos.

Berks. Cumnor, Besselsleigh. Bucks (?), Northants, Gloster, Warwick.

C. lanceolatum, L. Spear Thistle.

Top. Bot. 242. Syme, E. B. v. to. 686. Nym. 406. Bx. 410.
Cnicus, H.

Native. Viatical. Hedges, pastures, roadsides, waste places, woods,
etc. Very common and generally distributed. B. June—Nov.

First record, Sib. 1794. Carduus lanceolatus, L.

After arvensis our most common thistle.

A hybrid with crispus occurred near Hethe.

Berks. Near Great Oakley House a hybrid with crispus was found in

1881.

C. acaule, All. Dwarf Thistle.

Top. Bot. 244. Syme, E. B. v.17. 692. Nym. 407. Carduus acaulis, L.

Native. Pascual. Dry pastures, chalk downs. Locally common. P.

June—Sept.

First record, C. acaulis, minore purpureo flore, R., Blackstone, 1737.

2. Ouse. Hardwick Heath, Cottisford, Shelswell.

3. Swere. Bretch, beyond Neithrop, Guill. Broughton, J. French.
Swalecliffe, Milton, A. Fr. ”

4. Ray. Leys near Upper Heyford, between Tackley and Northbrook,
on a steep hill near Cherwell, Bz. Kirtlington, Stow Wood.

5. Isis. Burford Downs! Sib. Wychwood! Blackstone. Woodstock
Park! Stonesfield! Ashford Mills! Bx. Bladon Heath, North
Leigh, Ramsden Heath, Eynsham, Port Meadow.

6. Thame. Bullingdon Green, Sib. Cowley Marsh, Christ Church
Meadow, Bz. in Purton. Stanton Quarries, Holton, Tetsworth,
Dorchester, etc.

7. Thames. Maple Durham, Hb. Br. Mus. Col. J. Carroll. Nettlebed,
Chinnor, etc., abundant on the chalk.

A caulescent form is not unfrequent.

C. anglicum, DC. Meadow Thistle.

Carduus pratensis, Huds. Top. Bot. 243. Syme, E. B. v. 14. 690.
Nym. 407.

Native. Uliginal. Marshes, moist meadows, and bogs. Rare. P.
July, Aug.

First record, 82.1794. Wet meadows, C. pratensis.
174 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

4. Ray. Headington Wick! Hb. Rev. R. Linton. Meadows by the
Cherwell, H. Bos.

5. Isis. South Leigh, Coombe, Sib. Yarnton Meadows, H. Bos. North
Leigh.

6. Thame. Cowley Common, Sid. Bullingdon Bog! H. Bos.

Berks. Bagley Wood, boggy place sloping north; in meadow near
Botley Pound, 1831, Bx. Frilford and Tubney, meadow below
Kennington, Wytham.

Bucks. Northants, rare. Gloster E.,near Kelmsford. Warwick.

The first year’s plant has the leaves subentire, the perennial frequently
has leaves pinnatifed lobed, and this form has been occasionally recorded as
the hybrid C. Forsteri, 5m. I am inclined to think the plant in Flora of
Hampshire belongs here rather than to the hybrid. The description in
E. B. of Forsteri is rendered vague by the word ‘former’ instead of
‘latter,’ being used to refer to the decurrent leaves of palustris. I have
had the annual plant sent to me as C. heterophyllus.

C. palustre, Scop. Marsh Thistle.

Top. Bot. 243. Syme, E. B. v. 12. 688. Nym. 4og.

Native. Pratal. Meadows, woods, hedgebanks, etc. Common and
generally distributed. P. July—Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794. Carduus pulustris, L. With white flowers on
Shotover Hill between the two Windmills, Br. MSS. Also at North
Leigh, Binfield, Horsepath, etc. The form with densely aggregated
anthodes is the common plant, but specimens with anthodes subsolitary
have been noticed. A plant with subsolitary anthodes on longer pedicels
and with the stem less decurrently winged occurred at Headington, and
probably had some arvense parentage.

C. arvense, Scop. Common Thistle.

Top. Bot. 243. Syme, E. B. v. 17.693. Nym. 410.

Native. Agrestal. Cornfields, roadsides, ete. Abundant and ubi-
quitous. P. July, Aug.

Sometimes nearly covered with Uredo suaveolens.

First record, Sib. 1794. Carduus arvensis, L.

CARDUUS. L.
Cc. nutans, L. Musk Thistle.
Top. Bot. 241. Syme, E. B. v. 7.683. Nym. 411. Bx. 174.
Native. Waysides, waste ground, chalk downs, etc. Not uncommon.
B. May-Sept.
First record, Sid. 1794.
1. Stour. Tadmarton Heath.
2. Ouse. Mixbury, Hardwick, etc.
8. Swere. Bloxham Road, Gull. Bretch! Milton, Wykham, Crouch
Lane, A. Fr.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 175

4, Ray. Beckley, Elsfield.

5. Isis. Var. alb. between Ashford Mills and Stonesfield, near the
Evenlode, Bz. Wychwood, Woodstock, H. Bos. North Leigh,
Charlbury, Wolvercote.

6. Thame. Thame, Hb. Bz. Magdalen Wood, Horsepath, Bullingdon,
Wheatley, Dorchester.

7. Thames. Henley, A. Fr. Caversham, Phyt. ii. 340. n.s. Lewknor,
Cane End, Chinnor, Ilvingden Farm, white flowers, pale pink
flowers at South Stoke.

Berks. Cumnor, Frilford, Wytham, etc.

Var. C. nutanti-crispus. A hybrid between nutans and crispus.

2. Ouse. Hardwick Heath.

4. Ray. Near Stow Wood.

5. Isis. Grafton Common.

7. Thames. Near Ipsden, plentiful.

Berks. Frilford, Cumnor, Bessilsleigh.

C. crispus, L. Thistle upon Thistle. Welted Thistle.

Top. Bot. 242. Syme, E. B. v. 7. 684. Nym. 413.

Native. Viatical. Hedges, waysides, ete. Common and generally dis-
tributed. B. June—Oct.

First record, Dr. Lightfoot MSS. 1760. C. polyacanthos, Curt.

Var. C. polyanthemos, Koch. Anthodes aggregated, pericline, ovoid ;
leaves green on both surfaces, veins pubescent.

5. Isis. Grafton Common, Osney.

Var. C. acanthoides, L. Species, Nyman, p. 412.

8. Swere. Canalside, Banbury, T. Bees.

4. Ray. Near Bicester, litigiosus. G.-et.-G.

5, Isis. Near Bampton.

6. Thame. Near Wheatley.

By this plant I intend the one with subsolitary heads, with prickly, not
naked, peduncles, and leaves with broad segments green on both sides,
veins pubescent.

C. tenuiflorus, Curt.

Top. Bot. 242. Syme, E. B. v. 6.682. Nym. 415. Curt. F. L. 6.

Native. Viatical. Waysides, waste places. Very rare. <A. or B.
July, Aug.

First record, Sib. 1794.

4, Ray. Waste ground near the Parks, Rev. E. Fox.

5, Isis. Yarnton near the Church, Bx. in Walk.

6. Thame. Bensington, Dorchester, Sib.

Berks. Near Dry Sandford! Northants, extinct (?). Gloster. War-

wick, absent.
176 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

SERRATULA. L.
S. tinctoria, L. Saw-wort.

Top. Bot. 240. Syme, E. B. v. 28. 704. Nym. 417. Bx. 174.
Native. Sylvestral. Woods and thickets. Local and rather rare. P.
July, Aug.

First record, Sib. 1794.

3. Swere. Beyond North Newington, A. Bees. Farmington, towards
Epwell, T. Bees. (French and Ward.)

4. Ray. Wood near Begbroke, Headington Wick Copse, ‘Be. Copse
near Marston Road, H. Ridley. Headington Copse, Stow Wood !
Blackthorn, H. Bos.

6. Thame. Between Bullingdon Green and Shotover Hill, by foot-
path, 1826, Ba. MSS. Magdalen Wood.

Berks. Cumnor Meadows, Bz. Wootton, H. Bos.’ Bucks unre-
corded. Northants, Gloster, Warwick.

CENTAUREA. L.

Cc. nigra, L. Knapweed.

Top. Bot. 247. Syme, E. B. v. 31.706. Nym. 421.

Native. Pascual. Meadows, heaths, banks, roadsides, etc. Common
and generally distributed. P. July-Sept.

First record (for the rayed variety), Dillenius, 1724. Ray. Syn. ed. iii.
p. 199. The rayed variety has also been noticed in the following
localities.

1. Stour. Tadmarton.

4. Ray. Stow Wood, Headington Wick, Beckley, Marston.

5. Isis. ‘Inter Blaiden et Yarnenton copiose, Dill. South Leigh,
Sib. North Leigh. The common form in river meadows from
Wolvercote to Kelmscott.

6. Thame. Shotover! $7b. Tetsworth, Albury, abundant by Wheatley
railside.

7. Thames. Near the ‘Flowing Spring, A. Fr. Ipsden, Mongewell,
common on the chalk, Goring, Rep. of Rec. Club, 1883.

Var. C. decipiens, Thail.

7. Thames. On the bank of road in the Avenue, below Gravel Hill
Colts W. of Caversham, plentiful and characteristic, the flowers
have a bright rose-pink hue, very different from the purplish red of
nigra var. radiata, The leaves too are narrower (not broader as
said in Bab. Man.), and often sinuate dentate, as if approaching
C. Scabiosa, varying much in stature, but usually with one terminal
head only, Ff. A. Lees in corr. See also note in Rep. of Rec. Club,
1883, p. 42. Crowell, North Stoke.

Berks. Wargrave, Brit.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 1977

C. Scabiosa, L. Matfellon. Hardheads.

Top. Bot. 247. Syme, E. B. v. 33. 708. Nym. 424.

Native. Agrestal. Cornfields and hedgesides, ete. Not uncommon

and widely distributed. P. July—Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794.

1. Stour. Tadmarton, Sibford, Stourwell.

2. Ouse. Mixbury.

3. Swere. Banbury, Adderbury, 4. Fr. Barford, Milton.

4. Ray. Kirtlington, Elsfield, Headington, ete.

5. Isis. Stonesfield, Charlbury.

6. Thame. Bullingdon, H. Bos.! Headington Quarries, Horsepath,
Wheatley, Dorchester, var. alba, etc.

7. Thame. Caversham, Henley, A. Fr. South Stoke, Goring, Grime’s
Dyke, var. alb., ete.

Berks. South Hinksey, Cumnor, Radley, etc.

Cc. Cyanus, L. Bluebottle. Cornflower.

Top. Bot. 247. Syme, E. B. v. 34. 709. Nym. 424. Bx. 35.

Colonist. Agrestal. Cornfields, on light sandy soil. Rather rare and

decreasing. A. July—Sept.

First record, Cyanus flore albo medio ceruleo. Mr. Witham in Merrett,

1666.

3. Swere. Milton, Hook Norton, allotments Tadmarton Heath, A. Fr.

4. Ray. Headington Field! H. Bos. Stow Wood, Elsfield, Noke.

5. Isis. Wood Green near Witney, W. Whitwell. Freeland.

6. Thame. Hockley-in-the-Hole, var. ald., Mr. Witham in Merrett.
Thame, Hb. Bz. Plentiful in some old stone-pits between Cowley
and Littlemore, Bx. Bullingdon, H. Bos. Shotover, Cuddesdon,
Culham.

7. Thames. Goring, South Stoke.

Berks. Boar’s Hill, Frilford.

* C. solstitialis, L. St. Barnaby’s Thistle.

Comp. Cyb. Br. 532. Syme, E. B. v. 38. 712. Nym. 430.

Alien. Cornfields. Very rare, A. July—Sept.

8. Swere. A solitary plant among lucerne at Milton, 1868, A. Fr.

7. Thames. Goring, 1873, Hb. Lawson.

(C. Calcitrapa, Z. Northants very rare.]

SONCHUS. L.
S. arvensis, L. Corn Sowthistle.
Top. Bot. 227. Syme, E. B. v. 155. 813. Nym. 433.
Native. Agrestal. Cornfields, cultivated ground, and waste places.
Common and generally distributed. P. July—Oct.

First record, Sib. 1794.
N
178 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Gulliver recorded 8. palustris, L. from Banbury Canalside. Respecting
this Mr. H.C. Watson says, ‘ certainly not palustris, probably arvensis, but
one specimen is imperfect.’ ? is annexed to it in Gull. herb., T. Bees.

The plant was certainly not palustris, but the marsh form of arvensis.

Var. glabra, E. B. West side of Shotover, 1884. This appears only to
differ from arvensis in having glabrous peduncles. A large marsh form
sometimes occurs in damp ground with very showy flowers.

S. asper, All. Sowthistle.

Syme, EH. B. v. 154. 812. Nym. 434.

Native. Agrestal, etc. Cultivated and waste ground. Very common.
A. May-Sept.

First record, H. Boswell, in Phyt. iv. n.s. 100, 1860.

An entire leaved form occurs. The outline of the leaves and auricles of
the typical plant is very beautiful. A form with glandular peduncles has
been noticed.

S. oleraceus, L. Sowthistle.

Top. Bot. 227. Syme, E. B. v. 153. 810. Nym. 434. Bx. 147.

Native. Cultivated ground and waste places. Abundant throughout the
county. A. May—Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794, with Uredo Sonchi, Grev. Bu.

A form with very pale yellow flowers occurs. The leaves of this species
vary remarkably in leaf cutting.

LACTUCA. L.

L. virosa, DL.

Top. Bot. 225. Syme, E. B. v. 145.805. Nym. 345. Bx. 315.

Native. Viatical. Waysides, under hedges. Local and rare. A. or B.

Aug., Sept.

First record, Sir Jos. Banks, 1760.

4, Ray. Marston Lane, Sid. Headington Hill, Banks. Between
Marston and Elsfield! H. Bos. Marston Road, between Marston
and Wood Eaton, Noke.

6. Thame. Near Menmarsh Farm, A. Fr. Not uncommon under
hedges, inside of old foot-path leading from back of Roman
Catholic Chapel to Asylum, Bx.

Limited to the base of the Coralline Oolite plateau.

Berks. On hedgebank going from Botley to Eynsham, about 200 or
300 yards before you come to the bridge, Bx. 1831, Maidenhead,
Grit. Northants, near Warkworth, Purston. In all the border
counties, ‘

L. muralis, DC.
Top. Bot. 226. Syme, E. B. v. 150. 808. Nym. 435. Bs. 27.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 179

Native. Septal, ete. Stony woods, hedges, walls, etc. Local. A. or
B. July-Oct.

First record, Sib. 1794. Prenanthes muralis, L.

2. Ouse. Near Fritwell, 4. Fr.

3. Swere. Wykham opposite Mill, 7. Bees. Roadside Great Tew, 4. Fr.

4. Ray. Magd. Coll. Long Wall, R. Walker/ St.-Peter-in-the-Hast,
Bx. Stow Wood, H. Bos. Elsfield, abundant in Magd. Coll. Walks
and about the College.

5. Isis. Top of Stanton Harcourt kitchen, Sib. Bridge between
Wolvercote and Godstow, walls going from Christ Church Meadow
to St. Aldate’s, Br. Shipton in Wychwood, Woodstock, Blenheim
Park Wall, Stonesfield, Ditchley.

6. Thame. Waterstock, A. Fr.

7. Thames. Goring, Newb, Stokenchurch, Sib. Nettlebed, A. Fr.
Henley Park Hill, Bz. Chinnor, Maple Durham, Kidmore End,
Nuffield, Whitchurch, Sunley Wood, Aston Wood, Queen’s Wood,
etc. Common on the Chilterns.

Berks. Bagley, Unwell Wood.

* * Chondrilla juncea, L. Nym. 436.

Alien, Plants have been naturalized for some years on the wall of the

Botanic Gardens.
TARAXACUM. Juss.

T. officinale, Web. Dandelion.

Top. Bot. 236. Syme, E. B. v. 142. 802. Nym. 437. Bx. 163.

Native. Meadows, waste places, roadsides, and on walls in Oxford.

Abundant and generally distributed. P. March-Oct.

First record, Plot, 1677, ‘ with striped foliage.’

Var. T. erythrospermum, And. Syme, E. B. v. 142. 803.

3. Swere. Shutford.

. Ray. Stow Wood, side of road.

. Isis. Handborough railside.

. Thame. Shotover.

. Thames. Lewknor, A. Fr.

Var. 7. levigatum, Reich., ‘ olive-green achenes.’ Ic. Germ. 19. 1405.
4. Ray. Railside Upper Heyford.

7. Thames. Caversham, Newb. Chause Heath.

Var. T. palustre, DC. Spec. Nyman. Syme, E. B. v. 143. 804.
4. Ray. Weston Peat Pits, Headington Wick.

5. Isis. Wychwood.

6. Thame. Bullingdon Bog.

IOP

HIERACIUM. L.
H. boreale, Fr.

Top. Bot. 235. Syme, B. B. v. 205. 854. Nym. 438.
N 2
180 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Native. Septal, ete. Woods, hedgebanks, thickets, ete. Local and
rather rare. P. July—Sept.
First record, Sib. 1794. H. sabaudum, L.
1. Stour. Spinneys near Tadmarton Heath! T. Ward, 1863.
3. Swere. Broughton, R. French. Worton Wood, Hanwell, R. French.
Somerton railside.
. Ray. Stow Wood, Bx. Tackley Heath.
. Isis. Freeland, Bruern Wood.
. Thame. Shotover, Nuneham, near Wheatley.
. Thames. Henley Park, Stokenchurch, Sib. Crowell Hill,
Checkendon. ‘

Berks. Boar’s Hill, Bagley, Cumnor Hurst.

ND OR

H. umbellatum, L.

Top. Bot. 234. Syme, E. B. v. 203. 853. Nym. 439. Bx. 165.

Native. Ericetal, ete. Heaths on sandy or gravelly soil. Local and
rather rare. P. Aug., Sept.

First record, Sid. 1794.

1. Stour. Tadmarton Heath, T. Ward, 1863! 1885.

6. Thame. Shotover, Bx. in Purton!

7. Thames. Goring, H. E. Garnsey. Wood near Stoke Row.

Berks. Boar’s Hill, Wootton.

H. tridentatum, Fr.

Nym. 441. Syme, E. B. v. 201. 852.

Native. Border of woods. Rare or overlooked. P. July.

First certain record, 1883, the Author.

8. Swere. Worton Wood, Reuben French in Bees. MSS., where it is
queried.

7. Thames. Hollandridge Lane. (H.corymbosum, French. Nettlebed
Common is probably this), Near Park corner.

Berks. Bagshot Heath, Wats. Gloster, Warwick, Northants (?)

H. vulgatum, Fr,

Syme, E. B. v. 197. 850, Nym. 443.

Native. Sylvestral, ete. Woods on sandy soil, walls, etc. Rather
rare. P. June—Sept.

First record, Sib., H. murorum, L. is almost certainly this species.

4. Ray. Stow Wood! Wadham walls! Sb. Magd. Coll. Walks, Br.
in Walk.! New College Lane, Bx. Headington Wick, H. Bos.
Rail between Tackley and Kirtlington,

5. Isis. Eynsham Hall Plantation, 7. Thurland. Godstow, H. Bos.
St. John’s College Walls, etc., Bx. Bruern Wood.

6. Thame. Shotover, H. Bos. Murorum teste J. G. Baker is this
species. Merton College Walls, etc.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 181

7. Thames. Withy Coppice, Hollandridge Lane, Chinnor.
Berks. Boar’s Hill, Bagley. Bucks, Northants, Gloster, Warwick.

Var. nemorosum.
Magd. Coll. Water Walks.

? H. murorun, Fr.

Syme, E. B. v. 191. 846. Nym. 444.

Native (?) Walls.

Sibthorp’s records belong to vulgatum; see Walk. Flora, p. 225, and Sir
J. Smith, E. Flora, Baxter states he could not find a single specimen of
murorum on Wadham walls, although there was plenty of vulgatum. He
says there are no specimens of Sibthorp’s preserved in the Sherardian Her-
barium; but when Sibthorp arranged that collection according to the
Linnean System, he appears to have considered murorum, maculatum and
Smith’s sylvaticum as mere varieties of the same species.

The specimen of murorum of Baxter from Magd. Coll. Walks, June 15,
1831, on faith of which murorum is included as an Oxford plant in
Walker’s Flora, is only a form of vulgatum. The Rev. H. E. Fox informs
me that a specimen he gathered on the walls of Blenheim Park corre-
sponds closely with a plant named murorum by H. C. Watson.

The record of this species for Oxford must be queried. [Gloster E.]

* H. maculatum, Sm. Spotted Hawkweed.

Syme, E. B. v. 195. 849.

Alien. Waste places. P. July. Onrubbish. Christ Church Meadow,
probably an escape from the Botanic Garden, where the plant is naturalized.

** H, amplexicaule, L.

Syme, E. B. v. 178. 835. Nym. 448.

Alien. Old walls. Naturalized. P. June, July.

Walls of Magd. College, Rev. W. Bree in Purton, 1824. Naturalized on
walls of Oxford Botanic Garden. Mr. Bicheno says that it has an equally
good right to a place in the British Flora as Senecio squalidus and some
other plants, Walk. Flora, app. 308. Seems firmly established on banks
of Cherwell near Botanic Gardens and on Magd. Coll. Walls, H. Bos. in
Phyt. 1860, 101, see also Report of Lond. Bot. Ex. Club, 1867.

Comp. Cyb. Br. 527. Oxford on walls there. Alien.

Sibthorp’s H. cerinthoides was probably this plant, see Sib. pref. p. viil.

* * H. aurantiacum, L.

Syme, E. B. v. 166. 823. Comp. Cyb. 525. Nym. 453.

Alien. A solitary tuft in the Park, Great Tew, 4d. Fr. Escape at
Upper Heyford, Rev. #. Fox.

H. Pilosella, L. Mouse-ear Hawkweed.

Top. Bot. 229. Syme, E. B. v. 165.822. Nym. 454.
Native. Dry banks, pastures, and heaths, Rather common. P. May-—

Aug.
182 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

First record, Sib. 1794.

1, Stour. Tadmarton.

2. Ouse. Mixbury.

3. Swere. Drayton Lane, Wroxton near the Tuscan Temple, Guil.
Bretch, Bees. Somerton railside.

4. Ray. Between Middleton Stoney and Bicester, A. Fr. Headington
Wick, H. Bos. Islip, Stow Wood, Upper Heyford.

5. Isis. Cornbury Park, Charlbury, Ditchley, Blenheim Park, North
Leigh, Worcester College Gardens.

6. Thame. Thame, Hb. Bx. Bullingdon, H. Bos. Shotover, Wheatley
Quarries, Holton Quarries, Haseley, Culham.

7. Thames. Nettlebed, Crookly Green, A. Fir. Goring, Whitchurch,
Grime’s Dyke, Beacon Hill, Binfield, Ipsden. Common on the
Chilterns.

Berks. Cumanor, Frilford.

CREPIS. L.
c. virens, L.

Top. Bot. 227. Syme, E. B. v. 161. 818. Nym. 457. Bx. 366.

Native. Agrestal, etc. Roadsides, fields, dry banks, ete. Very
common and generally distributed. B. June—Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794. C. tectorum, L.

Mr. Newbould says the Oxford and Goring plant is large and with only
one stem.

The stout plant with erect habit, and phyllaries and peduncles covered
with dark glandular hairs, is not unfrequent, and is probably C. agrestis,
W.K. A smaller more branched plant with pubescent phyllaries is likely
C. diffusa, DC. The two varieties are connected by a chain of inter-
mediates, the plant being very variable.

C. fetida, L.

Syme, E. B. v. 157. 815. Nym. 458.

Native (?). At Stonesfield Quarries in Oxon, eight miles from Oxford.
MS. note by Dr. Lightfoot in Hudson’s Flora Anglica, about 1760. No
other record.

Berks. Near Maidenhead Station, near Reading, Bisham Wood, Brit.
Bucks (?).

C. taraxacifolia, Thuil. Barkhausia, DC.

Syme, E. B. v. 159. 816. Nym. 459.
Native. Viatical. Fields, waysides, railway-banks, etc. Rather rare.
A.or B, June-Aug.

First record, the Author, 1884.
5. Isis. Charlbury, on railway-banks for some distance, near Ramsden
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 183

Heath, Ditchley, Wolvercote. Very large specimen in field near
Charlbury.

7. Thames. Clover field near Chinnor.

Berks. Maidenhead, Rep. of Rec. Club, 1881. Northants! Rep. of
Rec. Club, 1879.

*C. setosa, Hall. fil. Syme, E. B. v. 159. 817. Nym. 459.

Alien or casual. Cultivated fields. A. July.

Single specimen in clover-field near Charlbury, 1884.

[C. biennis, Z. Plentiful about Wakerley, Northants. Warwick.]

[C. paludosa, Z. Warwick.]

TRAGOPOGON. L.

T. pratense, LD. Goat’ s-beard.

Top. Bot. 220. Syme, E. B. v. 138. 798. Nym. 463. Bx. 390

Native. Pratal. Meadows, railway-banks, waysides. Not very

common, but widely distributed. B, May-July.

First record, Sib. 1794.

1. Stour. Near Stourwell.

2. Ouse. Mixbury.

3. Swere. Frequent, Farmfield, Gull. Oxford Road, not common
now, T. Bees. About Banbury, A. Fr. Barford.

4. Ray. Noke, Islip, Lower Heyford, Headington Wick, Marston,
near Woodstock Road Station, type.

5. Isis. Finstock, Handborough, Bampton.

6. Thame. Between St. Clement’s and Iffley, and not uncommon about
Oxford, and sometimes with #cidium Tragopogonis. The Oxford
plant has the involucre much longer than the Ray, Bx. Ifiley,
Newb. Nuneham, H. Bos. Wheatley, Albury, Shotover.

7. Thames. Gathampton, H. Bos./ Watlington, Chinnor, Goring,
Ipsden, North Stoke.

Berks. Marcham, Moulsford, Boar’s Hill, genuina, near Wellington
College. The var. minus, Miller, is the common form in Oxfordshire.

PICRIS. L.

P. echioides, L. Ox-tongue.

Helminthia echioides, G. Top. Bot. 221. Syme, E. B. v. 137. 797.
Nym. 466. Bx. 270.

Native. Viatical. Hedges, woods, ete. Local, found almost ex-
clusively on stiff clayey ground. A. or B. July-Oct.

First record, Sib. 1794.

3. Swere. Broughton, rare, T. Bees.

4, Ray. Elsfield, H. Bos. Fencott, Rev. Moyle Rogers. Marston,

Beckley.
184 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

5. Isis. Pinsley Wood, Rev. F. Bennett. Canalside Wolvercote,
Handborough.

6. Thame. Oxford border of Hell Copse, A. Fr. Thame, Hd. Ba.
Between Stanton and Brill, near Warneford Asylum, H. Bos.
Between Littlemore and Toot Baldon, H. H. Garnsey. Horton-cum-
Studley, Dorchester, abundant, Cowley, Shotover on Kimmeridge
Clay.

7. Thames. Saunders’ Green on London Clay.

Berks. Wittenham Wood near Day’s Lock, Wootton.

P. hieracioides, L. Hawkweed Ox-tongue.

Top. Bot. 222. Syme, E. B. v. 136. 796. Nym. 466. Bx. 274.

Native. Viatical. Hedgesides, banks, etc. Local. A plant of chalky
or calcareous soil. P. June—Oct.

First record, Sib. 1794.

1. Stour. Tadmarton Heath, T. Bees. Sibford Heath.

Ouse. Fritwell! A. Fr.

Swere. Between Banbury and Broughton, rare, T. Bees. Between
Little Barford and Milton, A. Fr. Broughton Mill, R. French.

. Ray. Headington Wick, Sib. Common about Upper Heyford, in
cornfields and by roadsides N. HE. and S.E. of village, Ba. 1831.
Beanton, between Lower Heyford and Kirtlington, Bletchingdon.

, Isis. Stanton Harcourt, Bladon, St. Between Witney and
Burford in old stone-pits! Near Ashford Mills, and about
Stonesfield! Between Church Handborough and Cassington, a
little above the Evenlode, Bx.

Thame. Between Headington and Shotover, Rk. Walker. Bul-
lingdon, H. Bos. Shotover, Littlemore railway-side.

Thames. Stokenchurch Hill, Bx. Woodcote, Lewknor, Caversham,
Ipsden, Goring, etc.

Berks. Boar’s Hill.

Var. P. arvalis, Jord. Nym. 466. Syme, E. B. v. 136.
6. Thame. Littlemore railside, with type, Rep. of Rec. Club, 1882.

go bo

rn

an

>

a

LEONTODON. L.

L. hispidus, L.

Top. Bot. 224. Syme, E. B. v. 133. 793. Nym. 468. Bx. 318.

Native. Pratal, etc. Meadows and pastures. Common and generally
distributed. P. June-Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794.

A variety of this with the calyx and the stem, except about two or three
inches at base, destitute of hairs, grows in the stone-pits, Headington
Quarry. I gathered it for hirta, but found that the seeds had all
feathery down, that the flowerets were hairy at the surface and tipped
with glands, and the flowers quite as large as hispians, Bx. MSS., 1831.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 18 5

L. autumnalis, L,

Apargia autumnalis, W. Top. Bot. 224. Syme, E. B. v. 134. 794.
Nym. 469.

Native. Pascual, etc. Meadows, roadsides, pastures, waste ground.
Abundant throughout the county. P. June-Sept. An excessively
variable plant.

First record, Sib. 1794. L. autumnale, L.

L. hirtus, L. Thrincia hirta, R.
Top. Bot. 223. Syme, E. B. v. 131. 792. Nym. 470. Bx. 323.
Native. Pascual. Gravelly and sandy fields, ete. Not rare. P.
June-Sept.
First record, J. Bobart, 1690. Hieractum pumilum sazxatile aspersum
premorsa radice, J.B. Ray Syn. ed. i.
‘Found on banks of new parks, and divers other places about Oxford.’
- Swere. About Banbury, T. Brayne.
. Ray. Stow Wood, etc.
. Isis. Oxford, H6. Br. Mus. col. W. T. Dyer.
. Thame. Shotover, Bullingdon, etc., H. Bos. Culham, etc.
. Thames. Mongewell, Woodcote, ete.

Berks. Frilford.

NO Oo pm oO

HYPOCHGERIs, L.

H. radicata, L.

Top. Bot. 225. Syme, E. B. v. 129. 790. Nym. 470. Bx. 406.

Native. Pascual. Meadows, waste places, etc. Common and generally
distributed. P. June-Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794.

A glabrous form was noticed on Epwell Heath.

[H. maculata, Z. Northants very rare. Barnack Quarries.]

(H. glabra, LZ. Bucks, Northants, very rare. Warwick, probably
extinct. ]}

{Arnoseris pusilla, G. Northants rare, Spratton. Bucks, Brickhill.]

CICHORIUM. L.

Cc. Intybus, L. Wild Chichory.

Top. Bot. 237. Syme, E. B. v. 122. 786. Nym. 472. Bx. 417.

Native. Viatical, etc. Waysides and cultivated fields, field-borders,

etc. Abundant on the chalk, and common on the Oolite. P. July-Oct.

First record, ‘ with striped foliage,’ Plot, 1677.

2. Ouse. Fritwell, A. Fr.

3. Swere. Twyford Lane, rare near Banbury, common beyond
Adderbury, 7. Bees. Near Deddington, Gull. Hanwell, R. French.
Bloxham, £. Walford.
186 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

4, Ray. Common about Upper Heyford, Bz. Between Middleton
Stoney and Bicester, A. Fr. On newly turned soil near the Parks,
Oxford, both blue and white flowers, W. Whitweill.

6. Thame. Near Cowley Marsh, with Uredo Cichoracearum, Ba.
Thame, Hd. Be. Bullingdon, H. Bos. Culham! between Toot
Baldon and Littlemore, H. £. Garnsey. Horsepath.

7. Thames. Caversham, A. Fr. South Stoke, Mongewell, Whitchurch,
Nettlebed, Goring, with var. ald.

This plant may occasionally be found growing in the turnpike roads,

associated with Potentilla anserina.

LAPSANA. L.

L. communis, L. Nipplewort.

Top. Bot. 237. Syme, E. B. v. 125. 787. Nym. 474. Bx. 150.

Native. Agrestal, ete. Hedges, waste and cultivated ground. Very
common and universally distributed. A. June—Aug.

First record, Sid. 1794.

* * Ambrosia artemisefolia, D. ,

Casual. In a cornfield near Bodicote, left standing by reapers among
stubble, 1865, Hb. Br. Mus., A. French. Recorded as A. Peruviana.
A North American plant of casual occurrence in Britain.

* * Calendula officinalis, D. Marigold.

Alien. Riverside near Wolvercote, a garden straggler.

Orv. XLIV. CAMPANULACEA, Juss.

CAMPANULA. L.

Cc. glomerata, L. Clustered Bellflower.

Top. Bot. 265. Syme, E. B. vi. 8. 866. Nym. 478.

Native. Pascual. Chalk downs, dry banks, and calcareous pastures.

Local. P. May-Oct.

First record, Wm. Coles in Adam in Eden, p. 117, 1657.

2. Ouse. Near Fritwell, A. Fr. Mixbury, R. C. Pryor.

3. Swere. Near unto the Cane’s End, leading from Deddington to
Oxford, about the place where the way turneth from Deddington
to Dunstew, W. Coles. Andrew’s Pits, Gull. Bretch, Constitution
Hill, Tadmarton, T. Bees. Broughton, A. Fr. Wroxton, T. Brayne.

4, Ray. Var. alba about half a mile north of Upper Heyford, near
a bog, 1831; in lane leading from Banbury Road to Rousham ; road-
side between Tackley and Gibraltar, 1831, Ba.

5. Isis. Ditchley, Blackstone, 1737! Woods Heythorp, Burford
Downs! Stonesfield! Sib. Charlbury! Near Ashford Mills, Be.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 187

6. Thame. Littlemore, Sib. Bullingdon, Bx. Horsepath, Cuddesdon,
Dorchester,

7. Thames. Wood margins, Caversham, W. Pamplin and A. Irvine,
Phyt. v. 156, do. Hb. Br. Mus. J. Carroll. Goring, Hb. Lawson.
Stokenchurch, Hb. Bx. Grime’s Dyke, Maple Durham, Penley
Wood, Ipsden, Ivingden Farm, monstrosity at Woodcote, with
white flowers at Nuffield.

Plot notices the white flowered form as occurring in Oxon.

C. latifolia, L. Throat-wort. Giant Bellflower.

Syme, E. B. vi. 8. 868. Nym. 478.

Alien or incog.

3. Swere. Whichford Wood, 7. Bees. Not wild. Sonning, Hb.
Rudge. Doubts as to being rightly named or if the locality was in
Oxon or Berks. Top. Bot. [23] ‘error through giving this name to
Trachelium.’

Northants. Middleton Cheney, between Blisworth and Towcester,

Cranford, ete. Gloster E., Warwick.

Cc. Trachelium, L. Nettleleaved Bellflower.

Top. Bot. 265. Syme, E. B. vi. 9.867. Nym. 478.

Native. Sylvestral, Woods and hedges. Locally common. P.

July, Aug.

First record, Wm. Coles, 1657.

2. Ouse. Fencott, A. Fr. Ardley, Miss Rusher !

8. Swere. Near Adderbury, Radway rare, J. Bees. Avenue Great
Tew all white flowers, A. Fr. ?if planted. Tadmarton, R. Fr.

4. Ray. Tackley, Headington Wick Copse! Bz. Stow Wood! on
that side next to Barton in the ditch on right hand side as you go
in, and divers other places about the wood, Wm. Coles. Wood
Eaton.

5. Isis. Tar Wood! Stonesfield! Sid. Near Ashford Mills! Be.
Mill Wood, Shipton, Wychwood, Ditchley.

6. Thame. Shotover Plantations! Sib. Magdalen College Copse,
lane leading from south side of Shotover to Horsepath, Br.
Nuneham, H. Bos.

7. Thames. I have seen white specimen with the type at Shiplake, Phyt.
vi. n.s. 480. Stokenchurch, Hb. Ba. Caversham, Newb. Fawley,
Prof. Daubeny. Near Ewelme, Crowsley, Mongewell, Cane End,
Hollandridge Lane, Woodcote, Binfield.

Berks. Wytham, Tubney, Unwell Wood.

* CG, rapunculoides, L.
Syme, E. B. vi. 11. 869. Nym. 478.
Alien. Waste ground. Very rare. P. June-Aug.
188 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

‘Nov., 1708, « troublesome weed in Darby’s gardens at Hogsden
(Hoxton, Middlesex], being brought out of some woods in Oxfordshire
with roots of yew trees,’ Buddle’s MSS.

3. Swere. Adderbury Roadside, Mrs. Roundell in Walker. C. Trachelium
occurs here, and was, as Mr. Beesley in the Banbury list suggests,
likely mistaken for it.

4. Ray. Garden weed Bicester, H. Boswell, 1857-1860. Near Bicester
in hedge, Rev. E. Fox, 1882. Near Holywell, garden escape.

5. Isis. Railside Handborough, garden escape.

References to Oxfordshire may be found in Bot. Guide, New ditto,

Sm. Fl. Br., ete. Top. Bot. ‘reported in 23 Oxford.’

Gloster, Warwick.

C. rotundifolia, L. Harebell.

Top. Bot. 263. Syme, E. B. vi. 13. 870, Nym. 479. Bx. 61.

Native. Glareal, etc. Heaths, dry banks, etc. Common. P. July-
Sept.

First record, 8tb.1794. Bullingdon Green, Shotover, Stonesfield. Area
general.

? C. patula, LD.

Ambiguity. Syme, E. B, vi. 11. 869. Nym. 482.

‘Our observant Henley correspondent has detected C. patula in this
neighbourhood, i.e. Coppice Shiplake, two small plants in a meadow,’
W. G. P. in Phyt. vi. 315. Bucks, Gloster, Warwick, local.

* CG. Rapunculus, LD.
Nym. 482. Alien. From Miss Badcock, Oct. 30, 1854, found in a
grassfield near Oxford, Bu. MSS.
Berks. Bagley, Pile Hill, Wokingham, Brit. Bucks, Northants,
extinct, or error. Warwick.
* * Campanula medium, L. Nym. p. 475.
Alien. Chalk-pit Caversham, 4. French.

SPECULARIA. H.

8. hybrida, DC. Campanula hybrida, L.

Top. Bot. 266. Syme, E. B. vi. 17. 874. Nym. 483.

Native. Agrestal, Cornfields chiefly on chalky or calcareous soil.
Locally common. A. June—Sept.

First record, Campanula arvensis erecta vel Speculum veneris minus,
Ger. em. Blackstone, 1737.

1. Stour. Near the Stourwell.

2. Ouse. Mixbury.

3. Swere. Cornfields Hanwell, beyond Neithrop, Gull. North
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 189

Newington, Constitution Hill Prismatocarpus hybridus, T. Bees,
Bodicote, A. Fr.

4, Ray. Heyford, Rev. E. Fox. Washford Stone Pits, Kirtlington,
W. Wilson Saunders. Elsfield, Kirtlington, Blackthorn, H. Bos.

5. Isis. Amongst the corn in Ascot field and about Charlbury very
plentifully, Blackstone MSS. St. Giles’ Field, Purton. Church
Handborough, Miss Tew. Common in light dry soil about Oxford,
Bz. Cornfield near the Observatory, Hb. Br. Mus., Ed. Forster.
Coombe, Rogers. Witney, W. Mathews. Bladon, Charlbury,
Ditchley.

6. Thame. Headington! Cowley, Littlemore, Sid. Wheatley, Br.
Bullingdon! H. E. Garnsey. Tffley, H. Bos.

7. Thames. Caversham, W. Pamplin and <A. Irvine. Goring,
Watlington, Henley Park Hill, Nuffield, Stokenchurch, Whitchurch.

Berks. Frilford, Cumnor, Streatley.

** §. speculum, DC. Nym. 483.

Alien. Cornfields amongst clover near Banbury, 1870, A. French.

[Wahlenbergia hederacea, R. Ivy-leaved Bellflower.

Syme, E. B. vi. 18.875. Damp shady places. Very rare. P. July, Aug.

Bagley Wood, Berks, Merrett, 1666. Still there in 1885. Wootton

Heath, H. Bos.
Gloster E. and W., Warwick, ? if not introduced in the one locality.]

JASIONE. L.
J. montana, L. Sheep’s-bit.

Top. Bot. 267. Syme, E. B. vi. 4. 863. Nym. 486. Bx. 373.

Native. Glareal. Dry sandy fields. Veryrare. A. July—Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794.

4. Ray. Stow Wood, H. Bos.

6. Thame. Nuneham, Sib. Shotover near the old enclosure, Bz.
Baldon Heath, May 23, 1839, Daubeny.

7. Thames. Henley, Sib. Bledlow and Stokenchurch, H. Bos.

Berks. Boar’s Hill, Bucks, Northants, very rare. Warwick.

The extreme scarcity of this plant in the county is remarkable.

Orv. XLV. ERICACEA, K.

ERICA. L.
BE. cinerea, L. Fine-leaved Heath.

Top. Bot. 268. Syme, E. B. vi. 39. 891. Nym. 488. ‘
Native. Ericetal. Heaths and wood-borders. Rare and absent fro
the greater portion of the county. Shrub. June-Sept.
190 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

First record, Sib. 1794.

1. Stour. Tadmarton Heath! T. Ward, 1863.

3. Swere. Epwell Heath, very rare, T. Bees.

5. Isis. Wychwood, Rev. E. For.

7. Thames. Checkendon Woods near Clump House, Sib. Withy Coppice.

Berks. Early common, F. Tufnail. Near Reading, How, 1650.

E. Tetralix, L. Cross-leaved Heath.

Top. Bot. 268. Syme, E. B. vi. 37. 889. Nym. 488. Bx. 418.
Native. Ericetal. Dampheaths. Very localandrare. Sh. June-Aug.
First record, Sib. 1794.

1. Stour. Tadmarton, Mr. Ward, 1863. Possibly planted here.

7. Thames. Binfield Heath, Sid. Still abundant here and also with
white flowers, 1884.

Berks. Early common. Bucks, Northants very rare. Gloster, Warwick.

* * K. Mackayi, Hook.

Alien. Syme, E. B. vi. 38. 890. Nym. 488.

Planted on Tadmarton Heath, A. French. Also on Binfield Heath.

* * E. vagans, L. Cornish Heath.

Alien. Syme, E. B. vi. 41.892. Nym. 489.

Tadmarton Heath, white flowers, planted, T. Ward, etc. Binfield

Heath, 1884.
CALLUNA. Salish.

C. erica, DC. Ling, Heather.

C. vulgaris, Sisb. Top. Bot. 268. Syme, E. B. vi. 43.894. Nym. 489.

Native. Ericetal. Heaths and dry sandy places. Local. Sh. July-

Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794.

1. Stour. Tadmarton Heath, 7. Bees./ Do. var. coccynia, A. French (2).

2. Ouse. Fritwell Heath, A. Fr.

8. Swere. Hooknorton, Gull. Epwell Heath.

4, Ray. Tackley Heath.

5. Isis. North Leigh! Prof. Daubeny, 1841. Finstock Heath,
Ramsden Heath, Bruern Wood.

6. Thame. Shotover, Hb. Bx. Hb. Lawson! Bullingdon Bog,
H, E. Garnsey.

7. Thames. Ibstone, Stokenchurch, Irvine and Pamplin. Nettlebed !
Hb. Rudge in Br. Mus. Beacon Hill, Mongewell, Nuffield,
Pyrton, Binfield with var. alba, Chinnor, Crowell Hill, wood near
Stoke Row, Ipsden, etc.

Berks. Bagley, Boar’s Hill, Frilford.

Var. incana, Syme. Lrica vulgaris hirsuta, Raii Syn. 471.

5. Isis, Eynsham Heath, Sib.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. I91

6. Thame. Shotover, Bu. /
7. Thames. Binfield.

VACCINIUM. L.

V. Myrtillus, L. Bleaberry. Huckleberry.

Top. Bot. 270. Syme, E. B. vi. 24.870. Nym. 490.

Native. Heathy woods. Very rare. Sh. April.

First record, Sib. 1794.

5. Isis. Wychwood, Rev. E. Foz, extinct.

7. Thames. Checkendon Woods near Clump House, Sid. I have been
unable to find this plant in the county.

Berks. Bagley Wood. Bucks, Brickhill, etc. Northants, absent.
Gloster, W. Warwick.

[V. Oxycoceus, Z. Cranberry, Sutton Park, etc., Warwick. ]

[V. Vitis Idea, Z. Cowberry, with above, Warwick. ]

** Dabeecia polifolia, Don.

Alien. Syme, E. B. vi. 33. 885. Planted Shrub.

Tadmarton Heath, A. French, planted ; as also on Binfield Heath.

PYROLA, L.

P. minor, L. Lesser Winter Green.

Top. Bot. 272. Syme, E. B. vi. 49. 898. Nym. 492. Bx. 239.

Native. Sylvestral. Woodson theChilterns. Local. P. June-Aug.

First record, Pyrola rotundifol. major. C. B. P. In Sylva Sher-

bournensi comitatus Oxoniensis, Bobart, 1696, in Ray, ed. ii. and Morison,
iii. 505.

7. Thames. In a wood half a mile from Nettlebed, called Sonnedge,
on the left hand soon after entering the wood, and in a wood
called Lambridge near Sir Thomas Stapleton’s, about three miles
from Henley, and in many places in Mongewell woods, particularly
in Scrubby Copse near Mr. Dobben’s house at Inglish, in the parish
of Nuffield, about three miles from Nettlebed, and no doubt in many
other of the woods in that neighbourhood, which are situate on a
dry chalk soil. Dr. Lightfoot’s MSS. in H. 0. Ray. Syn. sub nom.
rotundifolia, 1765. Woods between Nettlebed and Henley, Sib.
probably from the foregoing record. Stokenchurch Woods, Hon.
Mr. Bagot! Among moss in a wood one and a-half miles from
Henley on High Wycombe Road, Bx. Crowell Hill, Hb. Br.
Wood adjacent to Nettlebed Common! A. fr. Lambridge Wood !
Bolton King. Queen’s Wood, North End, Watlington, F. Tufnail.
Fawley, Prof. Daubeny. Chinnor Woods, Rev. B. D’Oyly Aplin.
Stokenchurch. ‘Infloreseynce a raceme, Flowers numerous,
pendant, Stigma five lobed, Corolla white, Leaves roundish, Flowers
192 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

globose, media, Prof. Daubeny. Saw it at Henley, where it was
brought from the adjoining woods, 1713, ‘ media,’ MSS. note in Ray
Syn. W. Pamplin, Phyt. v. 153. Between Peppard and Exlade
St. a few miles from Henley, towards Woodcote; pretty general in
these extensive woods, but in large isolated patches, July 1, 1837,
media, W. Pamplin. The specimen labelled media in Hb. Lawson
Stokenchurch, without collector’s name or date (probably Bobart’s),
is also minor. Found in Stokenchurch Wood on the right hand side
going towards London, as I am informed by Mr. Bobart, Ray. Syn.
ii. ‘rotundifolia; also in Huds. Fl. Ang. ‘Mr. Leland has ascer-
tained this [i. e. media] to be the plant which Ray found in several
places about Halifax, and I suspect this may be the Pyrola of
Stokenchurch Woods, and other parts of Oxon generally mistaken
for minor)? Sm. Eng. Fl. and New Bot. Guide. On the contrary it
is media and rotundifolia, which have been erroneously recorded
for minor and which alone is found in Oxfordshire. Minor also
occurs in Vernal’s Wood, Sunley Wood, Great Wood, Cane End
Wood, Cowleaze Wood, upper end of Shirburn Wood, etc.

Berks. Near Ascot, Watson. Bucks, Gloster, Warwick (?).

MONOTROPA. L.
M. Hypopithys, L. Yellow Bird’s-nest.
_ Hypopithys multiflora, Scop. Top. Bot. 273. Syme, E. B. vi. 53. go1.
Nym. 493. Bx. 275.
Native. Sylvestral. Beech woods. Local, rather rare. Parasitic.
P. July, Aug.

First record, 1677, Verbasculi odore, Plot, c. 6. p. 8. 146, and probably

first as British.

3. Swere. Swerford Park, Mrs. Davis. Plantation beyond Fulling
Mill, 1875, I. Bees.

4. Ray. Near Elsfield, Bolton King. Near Wood Eaton, F. T.
Richards! Middleton Stoney, Rev. £. Fon.

5. Isis. Beneath a cedar, Blenheim, F. Rogers. Beech Plantation
between Chipping Norton and Shipton, A, Fr. Near Lyneham
Camp.

7. Thames, Stokenchurch! Plot. Do, in Ray, Huds. Between
Nettlebed and Henley, Hypopithys lutea, 1765, Dr. Lightfoot. Do.
Sib. 1794. In the woods near Stokenchurch, Buddle MSS. Inthe
Beech Walk at Mongewell and in Mongewell Wood! Bx. 1884.
Near Whitchurch, Pamplin and Irvine. Near Henley, Hb. Lawson !
Nettlebed, Bolton King. Chinnor Wood! Rev. B. D’Oyly Aplin.
Swincombe Woods.

Var. hirsuta, Horn. Nettlebed, A. Fr.

Berks. Type, Streatley, F. Tufnail. Basildon, £. Forster. Buckland,

‘
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 193

Mr. J. Reddy. Park Place, Dr. Noeteden. Bucks, Northants,
very rare. Gloster, Warwick, very rare.

Orv. XLVI. OLEACEA, Lind.

LIGUSTEUM. L.

L. vulgare, L. The Privet.

Top. Bot. 274. Syme, E. B. vi. 60. 904. Nym. 494. Bx. 119.

Native. Sylvestral. Hedges, thickets. Common, especially on the
chalk and oolite, but occurs in all the districts. Shrub. June—Aug.

First record, Sib. 1794.

* Syringa vulgaris, D. Lilac.

Alien. Adderbury Road nearly opposite to Twyford Turn, originally
planted in hedge, and on a hedgebank on the opposite side of the field,
A. Fr. Hedge between Beckley Hill and Noke.

FRAXINvUS. L.

FP. excelsior, L. The Ash Tree.

Top. Bot. 275. Syme, E. B. vi. 57. 902. Nym. 495. Bx. 382.

Native. Woods, hedges, and*thickets. Frequent in North and West
Oxford, less common round Oxford and on the chalk. Tree. April, May.

First record, Plot, 1677. ‘At Bicester the Ash frequently grows out
of the bole of the Willow and sends its roots down the trunk, eventually
extending itself so much as to burst the Willow in sunder, whose sides fall
away, while what before were Ash roots now become the body of the Ash
themselves, but this happens not to Pollard Willows,’ Plot, 173.

* Var. heterophylla, Vahl.

Alien, Planted near end of Broad Walk, Christ Church Meadow,
W.T. T. Dyer in Journ. Bot. vol.ix. Not more deserving « place in’
our Flora than Platanus orientalis, or other planted shrubs in the same
locality.

Orv. XLVII. APOCYNE4Z, Br.

VINCA. L.

* V. major, L. Great Periwinkle.

Comp. Cyb. Pr. 537. Syme, E. B. vi. 62. 905. Nym. 497. Bx. 158..

Alien. Hedgerows, etc. Rare. P. June—Aug.

First record, Plot, 1677. Clematis Daphnoides major, Ger. em.

3. Swere. Wroxton, Gull. Not wild, T. Bees. Wykeham Lane,
between the Turnpike and the Park, A. Fr. Great Tew, adjoining
the Park, A. Fr.

0
194 ' FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

4, Ray. Magdalen College Walks, Sid. /

5. Isis. Highway between Wolvercote and Yarnton in several hedges
thereabouts, Plot, also Gough, Milne, Ray. Roadside Long Hand-
borough, G. Coles in Ba., do. H. Bos. Between Charlbury and
Stonesfield, site of old cottage.

7. Thames. Escape near Goring.

Berks. Blewbury, Hampstead Norris, Wargrave, Cookham, Brit.
Bucks, Northants, well established. Warwick.

V. minor, Z. Lesser Periwinkle.
Comp. Cyb. 246. Top. Bot. 275 ‘wild Bx.’ Syme, E. B. vi. 63. 906.
Nym. 497.

Denizen. Thickets, etc. Very doubtfully wild. Rare. P. March-Oct.

First record, Sib. 1794.

3. Swere. Abundant in a plantation, Wroxton, A. Ir.

4. Ray. Magdalen College Walks, Sib. Water Eaton.

5. Isis. Right-hand side of road between Wolvercote and Yarnton,
Cornbury ! Sib. Do. F. T. Richards, 1884.

6. Thame. Shotover Plantation, Bu. 1831! 1884. In a copse between
Sandford and Minchery, 1824, Bx. Shotover towards Horsepath.

7. Thames, Whitchurch, purple flowered form.

Berks. Kintbury, Benham, Wokingham, Brit. More or less wild in
all the border counties.

Orv. XLVIII. GENTIANACEZ, Lind.

GENTIANA. L.
G. Amarella, L. Autumnal Gentian. Felwort.
Top. Bot. 276. Syme, E. B. vi. 76. 917. Nym. 500.
Native. Pascual, etc. Limestone pastures and chalk downs. Locally
abundant. A. July—Sept.
First record, Plot, 1677, ‘with white flowers.
1. Stour. Sibford Heath, and a form with four corolla lobes only.
2. Ouse. Wattlebank beyond Fritwell, T. Bees. Cottisford Heath,
A. Fr. Ardley roadside.
8. Swere. Swalecliffe Common, Chadlington, T. Bees. Near Worton
Wood, R. French. Hooknorton, T. Westcombe.

. Ray. Headington Wick, Br. MSS. Kirtlington.

. Isis. Burford Downs, Sib. Gent. Prat. flore lanuginoso in the said
(Wychwood Forest) where it seldom grows above six inches high,
Blackstone, 1737! 1885. Charlbury, J. W. Albright. Stonesfield,,
Handborough, near Ashford Mills, Ascot, near Ditchley, between
Woodstock and Charlbury by roadsides with var. alba, between
Witney and Burford.

of
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 195

6. Thame. Shotover! Bullingdon Green, Sib. Sandford, R. Linton.
Kingston Hill, Dr. Ayres. Wheatley, Holton Quarries.

7. Thames. Caversham, Irvine and Pamplin. Goring, Whitchurch,
Maple Durham, Beacon Hill, Chinnor, Grime’s Bank, Nuffield,
Chinnor, Ipsden, Crowell, Woodcote.

Berks. Abundant about Compton, etc., very large specimens near
Tisley.

G. germanica, W.

Native. Glareal. Dry and almost bare chalky downs. Very local.
A. Sept., Oct.

Syme, E. B. vi. 76. 918. Nym. 500.

First record, the Author, 1883.

7. Thames. In full flower Sept. 23,1883. Roadside between Chinnor

and Bledlow, Chinnor Hill. Chalky banks, Crowell Hill, Oxon,
Sept. 1883. Crowell Hill is one of the Chiltern range, and within
two miles of the Bucks border. The plant occurred abundantly
on very bare chalky slopes, but although extremely variable in
height, and in the number of flowers, yet the size of flowers
seemed fairly constant. I did not notice any great difference in
size of corolla lobes, nor did the length of germen seem worth con-
sideration. The leaves are broader than those of Amarella, and
the colour considerably lighter, more blue than purple, and often
lilac. G. Amarella grew with it plentifully, but it required per-
sistent search to find one in flower, whereas G. germanica was in
profuse blossom, scarcely over its prime. There must be ten days’
difference in the time of flowering of the two plants. A few
plants were found with only four lobes to the corolla. While
in the greatest abundance on slopes of almost bare chalk, still others
were scattered in the grass, and some few were found on the
tertiary above the chalk, Rep. of Rec. Club, 1883.

Berks. Streatley, Phyt. i. 381 (?). Ihave only seen large Amarella

there. Bucks!

I am inclined to consider this distinct from Amarella, although the bo-
tanical differences, as in the case of Galeopsis versicolor, are difficult to
express on paper. Although the plants varied in stature from one and
a-half inch to nine inches, yet the size of the flower was very constant.

G. campestris, L. Field Gentian.
Top. Bot. 277. Syme, E. B. vi. 77.919. Nym. 500.
Native. Pascual. Dry pastures. Veryrare or extinct. A. Aug.—Oct.
First record, Dillenius, circa 1730.
6. Thame. Shotover, Dillenius. Do. Sib. Do. Bz. 1819 in Purton.
No recent record.
02
196 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Berks. Sulham Hills, F. Tufnail. Wash Common, Woodhay, Brit.
Northants, very rare.

CHLORA. LL.
C. perfoliata, LD. Perfoliate Yellow Wort.
Blackstonia, Huds. Top. Bot. 280. Syme, E. B. vi. 72. 913. Nym.

sor. Bx. 69.

Native. Pascual. Dry banks on chalk or stiff clay. Local and rather

rare. A. June-Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794.

5. Isis. Near Charlbury, T. Westcombe.

7. Thames. Penley Hangings! Sib. Maple Durham, Burt. in Bz.
1833. Between Caversham and Maple Durham! 4. Fr. Near
Henley, Caversham Warren! H. Bos. Railside near Goring.

Berks. LEynsham, in a field on right-hand side of road about a quarter
of a mile from Bridge, J. Benwell. Also about three miles from
Oxford on clay, also in a stone-pit near the old road to Eynsham,
and about one and a-half miles from Eynsham Bridge, Bz. MSS.
About Appleton and Eaton, Miss Hoskyns. Basildon.

ERYTHRZA. Rich.

E. Centaurium, P. Centaury.

Top. Bot. 279. Syme, E. B. vi. 67. 909. Nym. 501. Bx. 367.

Native. Pascual. Fields, dry banks, chalk downs, etc. Local and not

very common. A. June—Aug.
’ First record, Wim. Coles, 1657.

1. Stour. Tadmarton Heath, A. Fr. /

2. Ouse. Near Fritwell, A. Fr. Common about Cottisford, R. C.
Pryor. Ardley, Miss Griffith.

3. Swere. Beyond North Newington, Gull. Worton Wood, R. Fr.
Wigginton Heath, Chilgrove, 7. Bees. Twyford Bridge, Fernhill
Lane, near King’s Mill, T. Brayne. In a field by Oxford Highway
from Banbury, not far from Beechen Tree, and in a piece called
New Pasture in the common field of East Adderbury, not far from
the highway side, and in some of Walton Grounds which are on the
other side of the Cherwell, Win. Coles’ Adam in Eden. Somerton
railside.

4. Ray. Between Oddington and the Grange, Headington Wick
Copse, Bx./ Beckley, Shipton-on-Cherwell, Charlton-on-Otmoor.

5. Isis. South Leigh, Sib. Chironia Centaurium. Between Wood-
stock Park and Stonesfield! on gravelly soil between Church and
Long Handborough! Bz. Wychwood, H. Bos./ Shipton near
‘Wychwood, var. alba in Minster Wood, 7. Westcombe. Ditchley,
Bruern.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 197

6. Thame. Bullingdon Green! Shotover, Sib./ Nuneham, Brasenose
Wood, H. Bos. Oxford border of Hell Copse, A. Fr.
7. Thames. Mongewell, Goring, Woodcote, Penley Wood, etc.

Berks. Bagley, etc.

E. pulchella, Fr. 4

Syme, E. B. vi. 68. 910. Nym. 502.

Native. Glareal. Heaths and moist gravelly places. Very rare. A.
July—Sept.

First record, W. Baxter, 1820, sub nom. FE. Centaurium.

1. Stour. Tadmarton Heath, F. French.

5. Isis. Port Meadow, W. Bx. 1820, in Herb. Br.

Warwick, very rare.

LIMNANTHEMUM. Gm.

L. peltatum, @m. Yellow Fringed Buckbean.

L. nympheotdes, Link. Villarsia nympheoides, Vent.

Top. Bot. 281. Syme, E. B. vi. 81. 921. Nym. 503. Bx. 161.

Native. Lacustral. Still water of rivers. Local. P. July, Aug.

First record, Sib. 1794. Menyanthes nymphoides, L.

3. Swere. Wroxton, planted, A. J’r.

5. Isis. Godstow Bridge, near Botley Bridge, Hinksey Ferry, Sib.
Near Medley Lock! Bx. in Walk. Bablock Hithe, F. Westell.
Between Botley Turnpike and Port Meadow, Bx. in Purton.
Blenheim, F. Rogers. Port Meadow.

6. Thame. Sandford and Nuneham! Bz.

7. Thames. At Henley Bridge.

Berks. Kennington and Radley, Cookham, Maidenhead. Bucks,
Northants, almost extinct.

MENYANTHES. L.

M. trifoliata, L. Bogbean. Marsh Buckbean.

Top. Bot. 281. Syme, E. B. vi. 79.920 Nym. 503. Bx. 245.

Native. Uliginal. Bogs and slow streams. Local. Rare and

decreasing. P. May, June.

First record, Sib. 1794.

3. Swere. Near King’s Mill, Gull. By the ‘ Jack Brook’ Broughton,
very plentiful in a bog to the south of Shutford Bridge, T. Bees.

4. Ray. Bebind Headington Hill (?), Sib. Upper Heyford, Cherwell
side, Br. 1849. Kirtlington, Rev. FE. For. Headington Wick, Hb.
Lawson! Stow Wood Bog, 7. Thurland. Field near Parson’s
Pleasure, H. E. Garnsey.

5. Isis. Blenheim, F. Rogers/ Canal near Louse Lock, T. Thurland.
198 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Wychwood, by the Windrush near Witney, H. Bos. Near Minster
Lovell, F. Westell.

6. Thame. Shotover, Bz. Bullingdon Green, Sib.

Berks. Wootton, H.Bos. Between old and new road to Eynsham, Bz.
in Walk. Iffley Meadows, 1884.

Orv. XLIX. POLEMONIACEA, Vent.

POLEMONIUM. L.

** PB, ceruleum, LD. wJacob’s Ladder.

Alien. Top. Bot. [23]. Bx. 3149. Nym. 503. Syme, E. B. vi. 83. 922.

5. Isis. Between the first and second milestone from Oxford to
Woodstock, by roadside, Bx. in Purton. This Station was destroyed
in 1835.

6. Thame. Near the Plantation, under the Ochre Pits, Shotover Hill,
Sib. Not there now; never native in Oxford.

Berks. Windsor, between Reading and Speenhamland, Brit.

Orv. L. CONVOLVULACES, Vent.

CONVOLVULUS. L.
Cc. sepium, Z. Great Bindweed.
Calystegia sepium, Br. Top. Bot. 281. Syme. E. B. vi. 86. 924.
Nym. 504. .
Native. Septal. Hedges and thickets, ete. Not uncommon, and
generally distributed. P. June-Oct.
First record, Sib. 1794.

Cc. arvensis, L. Bindweed.

Top. Bot. 281. Syme, HE. B. vi. 85.923. Nym. 504. Bx. 58.

Native. Agrestal, ete. Cornfields, cultivated ground, railway banks,
waste places. Abundant and universally distributed. P. June~Oct.

First record, Sib. 1794.

Two forms occur, one the C. minimus spice foliis of Merrett.

CUSCUTA. L.
* C: Epilinum, Whe.
Comp. Cyb. 538. Syme, E. B. vi. 89. 926. Nym. 507.
Colonist. Parasiticon Hax. Veryrare. A. July.
3. Swere. Hardwick Farm, 1869, A. French.
Flax is very rarely cultivated in this neighbourhood, and the Dodder
much injured it in 1869.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 199

Cc. europza, L. Dodder,

Top. Bot. 282. Syme, E. B. vi. 90.927. Nym. 507. Bx. 18.

Native. Septal. Hedges and bushes. Parasitic on shrubby and

herbaceous plants. Veryrare. A. July-Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794 ?

3. Swere. Hardwick Hill, 1837-8, very rare, 7. Bees.

4. Ray. Between Islip and Water Eaton, H. Bos. Marston Lane,
MSS. note in Dr. William’s copy of N. B. G.

5. Isis. Near Cassington, on nettles in a hedge on the left-hand side
going down w lane on south side of Church, at Church Hand-
borough, 1833, Ba. Road to Hinksey, R. Walk. Stonesfield,
H. Bos.

6. Thame. Iffley, Sib., ‘on nettles, heaths, etc.’(?). In an interleaved
copy of Sib., in Hort. Ox., Dr. Williams says Sibthorp was mistaken
in europea, it should have been Eptihymum. I do not know
what basis Dr. Williams had for his assertion—europea was much
more likely to occur at Iffiey than Epithymum, although Sibthorp’s
Cuscuta possibly included both species. Stanton St. John, Rev.
E. Fox.

7. Thames. Just below Goring Bridge, on nettles, F. Tufnail.

Berks. Between Botley and Ferry Hinksey, H. Bos. Between South
Hinksey and Childswell Farm, on the blackthorns which it had
entirely covered in a thick mass, 1833, HZ. Jenner.

Cc. Epithymum, (L) Murr.

Top. Bot. 283. Syme, E. B. vi. 91. 929. Nym. 507.

Native. Ericetal. Parasitic on furze, heather, etc. Rare. July-Oct.

First record, G. Gulliver, 1820.

1. Stour. Tadmarton Heath, A. Fr., 1866.

3. Swere. In a bean field near Wardington, very rare, Gull., in Bees.
list (could this have been Trifolii?).

6. Thame. Iffley, Sib.2 C. europea. Shotover, H. HE. Garnsey.

Berks. Early Common, F. Tufnail. Tilehurst Common, Walk. Bucks,
Northants, Harleston. Gloster W., Warwick.

* ©. Trifolii, Bad. Clover Dodder.

Comp. Cyb. 251. Syme, E. B. vi. 92. 929. Nym. 507.

Colonist. Parasitic on clover, ete. Sporadic. Not common. A

July—Sept.

First record, Baxter, 1844.

3. Swere. On clover, Potter’s Farm, Hog End, Bloxham, 1857. First
field on footway to Drayton, from Huscote Hill, 1858, Bees.
Tadmarton, HE. Walford. Hanwell fields, R. French. Between
Grove Mill and Milton, between Deddington and Milton, A. Fr.

4. Ray. Between Bicester and Middleton Stoney, A. Fr,
200 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

6. Thame. Cloverfield, Littlemore, 1874, W. Whitwell.

7. Thames. Aston Rowant, Hd, Bx., 1844. Whitchurch, Hb. Sherard,
no date. Near Watlington, 1858, Goring, see Phyt. iv. n. 8. p. Ior,
H. Boswell. Kidmore End, F. Tufnail.

Berks. Unwell Road, Hb. Lawson. Ferry Hinksey, H. Bos. Bucks,
Northants, Warwick.

Orv. LI. BORRAGINEA, Juss.

BORAGO. Tourn.

B. officinalis, D. Borage.

Comp. Cyb. 548. Syme, E. B. vii. 112. 1114. Nym. 509. Bx. 66.

Alien. Waste ground. Rare, not naturalized, A.or B. May, June.

First record, Sib. 1794.

8. Swere. Oxford Road, Banbury, probably an escape from some
garden, plentiful two or three years ago, now extinct, T Bees.
Broughton Allotments, Milton, Bloxham Road, never established,
A. Fr. .

4, Ray. The Parks, Sib.

5. Isis. Side of Banbury Road, between Oxford and Summertown,
1831, Bo. Waste ground near Oxford, Hb. Lawson. Near
Eynsham, H. Bos. Stoney bank, between the Roman Villa and
Stonesfield, R. C. Pryor. Port Meadow.

6. Thame. Wallingford, waste ground, Sandford.

7. Thames. Goring, H. Bos.

Berks. Blewbury, Brit.

SYMPHYTUM. L.

8. officinale, L. Comfrey.

Top. Bot. 327. Syme, E. B. vii. 115. 1114. Nym. 509. Bx. 101.

Native. Paludal. Meadows, ditches, marshes. P. May—Aug.

First record, Consolida major flore rubro. By Reading, Merrett, 1667,
also Symphytum flore Cineritio, everywhere about Reading.

Common by all our riversides, and especially abundant in the Thames
district.

With Uredo Symphiti, DC. about Iffey, Bx.

Var. 8. patens, Sib. calyce patente tubo corolle breviort. Syme, E. B.
vii. 1116.

8. Swere. Adderbury West, A. Fr. Swerford.

4. Ray. Heyford to Kirtlington, Otmoor, Marston, ete.

5. Isis. Between High Bridge and Heyfield's Hut, Bx. Godstow,
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 201

Chadlington, 7. Bees. Charlbury, Eynsham, abundant by river to
Kelmscott.

6. Thame. Wheatley Bridge, Blackstone, 1737. Dorchester, Iffley, etc.

7. Thames. About Reading, Merrett. Goring, Hb. Lawson. Caver-

sham, Sib. Sonning, Maple Durham, etc.

Dr. Sibthorp has made a new species of the red or purple flowered
variety, distinguishing it by a shorter and spreading calyx, a mark
which we and several of our friends have in vain tried to discover, Sir J.
E. Smith, E. B.t. 817, Dec. 1, 1800. Mr. R. A. Pryor quite confirms
Sibthorp in regard to the plants being distinct.

It may be well to draw attention to Sibthorp’s description of patens as
quoted above. Sibthorp separates the ‘red flowered Comfrey’ from
officinale by the patent as opposed to the converging calyx and the
shorter corolla tube. No mention is made in the Student’s Flora or the
Manual of Sibthorp’s description, but emphasis is laid on the colour and on
the rougher texture of the plant. In this, rather following Reichenbach’s
description, which I fail to see has special reference to Sibthorp’s plant.
It is quite probable that red and white flowered forms of both varieties
occur; whether the characters given by Sibthorp are constant, is another
matter.

Bright red, greyish blue, and green flowered forms also occur.

The Comfrey which appears in great abundance on the riverbank,
rearing its bold form above the lowlier herbage. When in blossom—every
branch decorated with clusters of pendant bell shaped flowers, varying in
every shade of colour from white to deep purple—the Comfrey is one of
the most ornamental among the many floral beauties that grace the water
side. Hail’s Book of the Thames, 24.

* * S. asperrimum, Bieb. Prickly Comfrey.

Alien. Waste ground near Iffey.

ANCHUSA. L.
* A. sempervirens, L.
Comp. Cyb. 282. Syme, E. B. vii. 111.1113. Nym. 511. Bx. 48.
Alien. Waysides and waste places. B. June-Aug.
8. Swere. Beyond Andrew’s Pits, A. Beesley. Crouch Hill, 7. Brayne,
about 1820. Roadside 4 long way from the village Mollington,

0. V. Aplin.
4, Ray. Waste ground, near Rousham, Miss Armetriding.

LYCOPSIS. L.

L. arvensis, L. Field Bugloss.
Anchusa arvensis, MB. Top. Bot. 328. Syme, E. B. vii. 109. 1111,
Nym. 511. Bx. 21.
202 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Native. Agrestal. Cultivated ground, hedgebanks, ete. Local. Not
uncommon, especially on light sandy soil. A.or P. May-July.

First record, Sib. 1794.

3. Swere. Roadside between Broughton and Lower Tadmarton,
Constitution Hill, Z. Bees. Bourton, A. Fr.

4. Ray. Elsfield, Rev. R. Linton. With Erysiphe asperifol., near
Oxford, Bz. Headington, Beckley, Stow Wood.

5. Isis. Sarsgrove, T’. Bees.

6. Thame. Thame, Hb. Bx. Cuddesdon, Wheatley, Shotover.

7. Thames. Goring, South Stoke, Maple Durham,

Berks. Boar’s Hill, Tubney.

* * Pulmonaria officinalis, Z.

Alien. Plantations. Rare, not wild. P. March—May.

3. Swere. Hanwell Plantations, Gull. See note under Galanthus.
6. Thame. Woods at Marsh Baldon, Rev. H. H. Fox.

ECHIUM. L.

E. vulgare, L. Vipers Bugloss.

Top. Bot. 330. Syme, E. B. vii. 88. 1095. Nym. 514. Bx. 189.
Native. Dry sandy fields, waysides, wall-tops, and calcareous pastures.
Rather rare. B. June—Sept.

First record, How, 1650, ‘neere Oxford.’

3. Swere. Bretch, 7. Bees. Broughton Road, Gull. Hanwell,
Tadmarton Quarries and var. alb. Churchyard walls Adderbury,
Swalecliffe, A. Fr.

4, Ray. Headington Wick ! Stow Wood! Kirtlington! Elsfield, H. Bos.
Between Tackley and Gibraltar, Bx.

5. Isis. Near Oxford, var. alba, Plot. Formerly on walls in Gloucester
Green, var. alb., Bx. ‘ Without Frier Bacon’s Study,’ Merrett, var.
alb. Eynsham, Dean, Wilcot, Charlbury, J. UW. Albright. Mill
Wood, Stonesfield and var. alb., Woodstock, Handborough, railway
near Wolvercote, Osney.

6. Thame. Shotover Hill, Bx. Wheatley, Stanton Quarries, Great
Milton.

7. Thames. Henley, A. Fr. Ibstone, Stokenchurch, Irvine and
Pamplin. Caversham, Hb. Br. Mus., J. Carroll, 1849! Maple
Durham, 4. Fr. Penley Wood, near Dunsden, Goring, South
Stoke.

Berks. Boar’s Hill, Cothill, Tubney, Frilford.

LITHOSPERMUM. L.
L. officinale, L.
Top. Bot. 325. Syme, E. B. vii.g5. 1101. Nym. 518.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 203

Native. Septal. Bushy places, especially on oolite soil. Local.
Rather scarce. P. May, June.

First record, L, vulgare, Park. Blackstone, 1737.

2. Ouse. Tusmore, R. C. Pryor.

3. Swere. Bloxham Road, Drayton Lane, Bees. Wykham, Crouch,
Reuben French. Tadmarton, T. Brayne.

4. Ray. Headington Wick, Sib./ 1884. Noke, Tackley Park, H. Bos.
Stow Wood, J. Dauheny! Piddington Wood, 1884.

5. Isis. Mountainous parts of Wychwood Forest, plentifully, Black-
stone, 17371 1885. Minster Lovell, Witney, abundant in Ditchley
Wood, near Lyneham Camp.

6. Thame. Shotover Hill, Sid.

7. Thames, Caversham, Newb.

Berks. Frilford.

L. arvense, D. Corn Gromvell.

Top. Bot. 326. Syme, E. B. vii..g2. 1102. Nym. 518.
Native. Agrestal. Cornfields, especially on calcareous or chalky soil.
Rather common and generally distributed. A. May—July.
First record, Sib. 1794.
. Stour. Sibford! Tadmarton Heath, A. Fr.
. Ouse. Mixbury.
. Swere. Shutford.
. Ray. Kirtlington, Heyford, Marston, Elsfield, etc.
. Isis. Woodstock, Daubeny. Coombe, Rogers. Burford.
. Thame. Aston, Hb. Bz. Bullingdon-Green, Hd. Br. Mus. col.
Dyer.
7. Thames. Goring, Woodcote, Grime’s Bank, Nuffield, Watlington,
Maple Durham, Chinnor, etc.
A one-flowered form with flower on summit of foot stalk was found by
Mr. Walker.

a orm & DH

MYOSOTIS. JL.

M. palustris, Roth. Forget-me-not.

Top. Bot. 322. Syme, E. B. vii. 99. 1104. Nym. 519. Br. 57.

Native. Paludal. Streamsides, wet places, ditches. Very common and
generally distributed. P. June—Aug.

First record, Mr. Coles in Adam in Eden, 1657. ‘In the ditch
between the second water, next the “Holly Bush” at Oxford, and by
the causeway that leads to Botley!’

‘In no place do we remember to have met with the Forget-me-not in
such beauty and luxuriance as in some of the fresh grassy nooks that we
every now and then come upon, in the course of our voyage down the
Thames,’ Hall, p. 269.

Var. M. strigulosa, Reich. Ex. 2051.
204 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

4, Ray. Near Headington Wick.

A form with much darker foliage and darker blue flowers, occurring
by the small stream which drains Bullingdon Bog, is worthy of further
attention.

[M. repens, Don.

Syme, E. B. vii. ror. 1105. Badly coloured.

Berks. Beyond South Hinksey in a ditch near the road going up the
hill. A little way beyond South Hinksey south-west of church, Bz. 1831.
Bagshot Heath, Watson. Bucks, Gloster W., Warwick.]

M. cespitosa, Schultz. M. lingulata, Lehm.

Top. Bot. 324. Syme, E. B. vii. 98. 1103. Nym. 519.

Native. Paludal, etc. Wet marshy places and on damp heaths. Local

much scarcer than palustris. P. June-Aug.

First record, W. Baxter, 1827.

3. Swere. Hanwell, Drayton, Spital Farm frequent, T. Bees.

4. Ray. Kirtlington great pond side, W. W. Saunders! Elsfield,
H. Bos. Between Kirtlington and Tackley, Beckley, Bicester, Head-
ington Wick, Heyford, Otmoor.

5. Isis. Bladon, Rogers. North Leigh, Handborough, Wychwood.

6. Thame. Side of gravel-pits and wet places near St. Clement’s,
especially on left-hand side of a footpath leading from the back of
St. Clement’s; between the Cowley and Henley Roads to Cowley
Marsh in great abundance, 1831. I observed it in the same place
four or five years ago, Bx. Shotover, H. Bos./ Albury, Wheatley
railside, with white flowers on north side of Shotover.

7. Thames, Sanders’ Green, Ibstone, Binfield, etc.

Berks. Bablock Hithe, H. Bos. Boar’s Hill, Frilford.

M. intermedia, Lk.

M. arvensis, Hoftm. Top. Bot. 325. Syme, E. B. vii. 105. 1108. Nym.
520.

Native. Agrestal, septal. Woods, cornfields, waste ground, etc.
Common and universally distributed. A. May-July.

First record, Sib. 1794. And var. nana ‘ on walls.”

Var. umbrosa, Bab.

4. Ray. Woods near Tackley.

5. Isis. Wychwood.

7. Thames. Penley Wood, woods near Goring.

M. collina, Hoffm.
Syme, E. B. vii. 106. 1109. Nym. 520.

Native. Glareal, ete. Dry banks, walls, and heaths. Not uncommon.
A.or B. April-June.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 205

First record, W. Bazter, 1831, ‘ versicolor.’

1. Stour. Tadmarton.

3. Swere. Bretch, H. Walford. Broughton, common on walls about
Banbury, A. Fr.

4. Ray. Elsfield, H. Bos. Wood Eaton, Kirtlington, Stow Wood.

5. Isis. Wychwood, Hb. Lawson. Cornbury, T. Westeombe. Hand-
borough.

6. Thame. Cowley, MNewbould. Shotover, Hb. Lawson. Holton
Stone Pits, Iffley, Littlemore.

7. Thames. Henley, Hb. Bx., 1831. Sub nom. versicolor. Whit-
church, Woodcote, Maple Durham.

Berks. Abingdon, H. Bos. Hinksey, Frilford, ete. Two forms occur.

M. versicolor, Sm.

Top. Bot. 325. Syme, E. B. vii. 118. 1110. Nym. 520. Reich. Exs.
1174. .
Native. Glareal, etc. Heaths, hedgebanks, dry sandy fields. Local.
A.orB. April-June.

First record, G. Gulliver, 1821.

1. Stour. Tadmarton Heath.

3. Swere. Near Adderbury, Gull. Holywell Spring, T. Bees.

5. Isis. Wychwood.

6. Thame. Shotover, Dr. Williams! Iffley, Rep. of Rec. Club, 1881.

7. Thames. Ibstone, Lewknor, Woodcote, Binfield.

Berks. Boar’s Hill, Bagley, Engwood, etc.

Sibthorp’s var. nana of arvensis may have intended this. Two forms
occur.

[M. sylvatica, Ehrh. Gloster, Warwick.]

** M. dissitiflora. :

Naturalized on railway-bank near Littlemore, 1885.

CYNOGLOSSUM. L.

C. officinale, L. Hound s-Tongue.

Top. Bot. 329. Syme, E. B. vii. 118. 1118. Nym. 520.

Native. Viatical, etc. Waysides, dry woods, etc. Local. B. or P.
June—Aug. ;

First record, Morison, iii. 448. Circa Readingum oppidum idem floribus
candidis observavimus, 1699.

3. Swere. Bloxham Road, Gull., do. Cobb’s Plantation extinct now,

T. Bees. Nardwick Hill, T. Brayne.
4. Ray. Elsfield, Walk. Kirtlington, fields near Summertown.
5. Isis. Very abundant in pastures between Wychwood and Burford !
Between six and seven miles from Oxford to Banbury, Blenheim
206 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Park! Long Handborough! Between Stonesfield and Woodstock !
Bx. Leafield! A. Fr. Cornbury Park, Hb. Lawson! Woodstock !
W. Whitwell. Crawley, F. Westell. Shipton in Wychwood, very
abundant in Cornbury Park.

7. Thames. Henley, A. Fr. Crowsley Park.

Berks. Abingdon, Hagbourne, Brit.

Morison says that a whole family at Oxford partook of the boiled leaves
of this plant by mistake for those of Comfrey and were shortly after seized
with sickness, sleepiness, and stupor, which symptoms continued alternately
for forty hours with such severity that one died. :

Var. C. subglabrum, Syme.

5. Isis. Woodstock and Wychwood plentiful and often mistaken for

the next species, to which it bears some resemblance.

The Cynoglossa folio virenti, J. B. iii. 600 of Ray’s Synopsis is repre-
sented in the Dillenian Herbarium by the subglabrous form of officinale.
In Wychwood Forest a form of this occurred with narrow calyx lobes,
which may be a hybrid with montanum, the other characters of the plant
were decidedly officinale.

Cc. montanum, Lam.
Top. Bot. 329. Syme, E. B. vii. 139. 1119. Poor figure. Nym. 521.
Reich. Exs. 241.

Native. Sylvestral. Open places in woods. Very local and rather

rare. B. June, July.

First record, Sib. 1794. C. sylvaticum, Jacq.

5. Isis. Wychwood, Sib. (Eng. Bot. plate from Oxford specimen sent
by Dr. Abbott.) Still there 1885. Blenheim Park Plantation, Dr.
Williams. Near Woodstock, Dr. Daubeny, 1841. Small plantation
near Woodstock, one specimen 1883. Near Cornbury Quarries
in Wychwood, scattered over a small area.

Northants, rare or extinct. Gloster E. Warwick, very rare.

** Hchinospermum Lappula, Leh.

Alien. Swerford Park, Rev. L. Fox.

Orv. LIT. SOLANACEZ, Bart.

DATURA. L.
+ D. Stramonium, L. Thorn-apple.
Casual. Comp. Cyb. 538. Syme, E. B. vi. 103.935. Nym. 523. Bx.
121,
First record, ‘near Reading,’ Turner, 1568.
3. Swere. Wroxton Park, A. Fr.
4, Ray. Place yard Bicester, Charlton-on-Otmoor, G. Woodward
in Ba.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 207

5. Isis. Near St. Philip’s Church, Oxford, Rev. F. Bennett. Waste
ground, Osney. ‘

7. Thames. Near Reading in a meadow, Br. Northants, Warwick.

* D. Tatula, D.

Casual. Waste ground, Steeple Aston, 1885, B. S. Ogle, Esq.

HYOSCYAMUS. L.

H. niger, L. Henbane.

Top. Bot. 283. Syme, E. B. vi. 106. 936. Nym. 524. Bx. 321.

Native. Viatical. Roadsides, waste ground. Rare and sporadic. B.

May-Aug. Apparently much rarer than formerly.

First record, Sib. 1794. Unlocalised.

3. Swere. Banbury, Bloxham Road, Gull. Frequent, Bees. Berry
Moor, R. Fr. Crouch Hill, A. Fr. Wroxton, T. Brayne.

4. Ray. Upper Heyford, 1831, Bz., 1880, Rev. E. Fox. Merton near
the Church, 4. Fr. The Parks, H. H. Garnsey. Between Bicester
and Ardley, Stow Wood, H. Bos. Elsfield. ‘

5. Isis. Blenheim Park, frequent, W. Whitwell. Wychwood, H. Bos.
Minster Lovell, F. Westell.

6. Thame. Cheney Lane, Bullingdon Green! Cowley Marsh, 1831,
Shotover, Bz. Burcote near Dorchester! Rev. F. Bennett.

Berks. Ilsley, Compton, Elcot, Bagley, Brit. Cumnor. Bucks, Brill
Hill. Northants, Cosgrove, etc. Gloster, E. Warwick, ? if
native.

** Lycium vulgare, Dum. lL. barbarum, L. Tea Plant.

Cyb. Br. ii. 187. Syme, E. B. vi. 98. 933. Nym. 524.

Alien. Hedges and walls in villages. Lately naturalized. June-Aug.

2. Ouse. Allotments’ hedge, Hardwick.

3. Swere. Drayton Road, Miss Rusher.

5. Isis, Ramsden, near railway crossing to Tumbling Bay.

7. Thames. Near the Flowing Spring, Eye and Dunsden, A. Fr.

ATROPA. L.

A. Belladonna, L. Deadly Nightshade.

Top. Bot. 285. Syme, E. B. vi. 100. 934. Nym.524. Bx. to.

Native. Sylvestral. Woods on chalk or oolite. Local.} P. June-

Aug,

First record, Solanum lethale, Park. Blackstone, 1737.

5. Isis. In several parts of Wychwood Forest, Blackstone! Witney!
Sib. Woodstock Park near the Monument, Br./ Queen’s Wood
in Blenheim, near the road to Handborough, Stephill, Long Hand-
borough, Mr. J. Long in Bx. Near Freeland, woods above the
Evenlode, near Pinsley Wood plentiful.
208 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

7. Thames. Between Nettlebed and Henley! Sib. Maple Durham,
Hb. Br. Mus. col., H. Trimen! Near the roadside going up
Stokenchurch Hill! Dr. Ayres. Between Pangbourne and Goring,
Mr. Syme showed it me, Newb. Near Henley, fine, H. Bos.!
Whitchurch.

Berks. [Ilsley, Tilehurst Common, Streatley, Basildon. Bucks, North-
ants, Gloster E., native. Warwick, denizen.

SOLANUM. L.

S. Dulcamara, L. Bitter-sweet.

Top. Bot. 285. Syme, E. B. vi. 95. 930. Nym. 525. Bx. 110.

Native. Septal. Hedges, brooksides, etc. Abundant and generally
distributed. P. June-Aug. Occurs plentifwlly on Merton Walls and
in Magdalen Water Walks.

First record, S2b. 1794.

With white flowers near Oxford, Rev. W. Bree in Purton. Do.
between Oxford and South Hinksey, Br. Do. Iffley, W. Whitwell.
Marston, Dorchester, Tackley.

A very tomentose form from an old wall of Stonesfield Slate, Oxford,
Rep. of Ex. Club, 1872, Rev. H. BE. Fox. A very downy prostrate form
occurs on the debris from the Slate Quarries at Stonesfield, and near
Fawler.

‘8. nigrum, (L.) W.

Top. Bot. 284. Syme, E. B. vi. 97. 931. Nym. 526.

Native (?). Viatical. Cultivated ground. Rather rare (I should con-

sider it a colonist in Oxford). A. July—Oct.

First record, Sib. 1794.

3. Swere. Banbury, garden weed, not common, Grimsbury Wharf,
certainly only a casual in this neighbourhood, A. Fr. Adderbury,
E. Walford.

4. Ray. Upper Heyford, Rev. E. For. Islip, Marston.

5. Isis. Tar Wood, Rev. EZ. Fox. Garden ground St. Giles’, F. Ben-
nett. Wolvercote, Port Meadow, Bladon, Woodstock.

6. Thame. Thame, Hb. Bx. Cowley, Dorchester, Iffley.

7. Thames. Goring.

Berks. Wallingford, Marlow, Wokingham, Brit.

S. melanocerasum, W. Reich. Fl. Germ., 1631. 8. pterocaulon.

Alien. Waste ground. Rare. A. July, Aug.
5. Isis. Near the Great Western Railway, Osney.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 209

Orp. LIT]. PERSONATA, L.

VERBASCUM. L.

V. Thapsus, L. Aaron’s Rod. Great Mullein.

Top. Bot. 287. Syme, E. B. vi. r10. 937. Nym. 527.

Native. Viatical. Roadsides, banks, etc. Principally on oolitic or

chalky soil. Locally common. B. June-Aug.

First record, Sid. 1794.

8. Swere. Wickham, T. Brayne. Staley’s Meadows, common, Gull.
‘I cannot concur in the frequency of this plant,’ A. Fr. A solitary
specimen at Bodicote, 4. Fr.

4. Ray. Near Gibraltar Rock, Bx. Stow Wood, H. Bos. Kirtlington,
Elsfield.

5. Isis. Wychwood, Rev. R. Linton. Between Stonesfield and
Ashford Mills! Bz. Burford, Godstow, Chadlington, Witney.

6. Thame. Cheney Lane, Wheatley! Shotover! Bx. Bullingdon,
H. Bos. Stanton Quarries, Haseley, Holton.

7. Thames. Caversham, Irvine. Stokenchurch, Hb. Br. Lewknor,
A. Fr. Goring, Woodcote, Mongewell, Nettlebed, Assenton, Ipsden,
Crowell, Henley Park Hill, Dunsden, Ilvingden Farm, Whit-
church.

Berks. Bagley, H. £.Garnsey. Boar’s Hill, Wytham.

V. nigrum, Z. Black Mullein.

Top. Bot. 287. Syme, E. B. vi. 114. 940. Nym. 530. Bx. 85.

Native. Viatical. Waysides, fields, borders. Local. Almost con-

fined to the chalk. P. June-Aug.

First record, Sid. 1794.

3. Swere. Souldern Churchyard (?), strayed from Vicarage Garden,
T. Bees. Do. in a field near the Rectory, R. C. Pryor. Near
Bignell and Souldern, G. Woodward,.Hsq. Solitary specimen
Bodicote Road, A. Fr.

4. Ray. Near Bicester, T. Brayne.

5. Isis. Between Fawler and Cornbury Park in abundance, G. Coles,

Esq. Stonesfield, Rev. R. Linton.

. Thame. Forest Hill, R. Walk.

7. Thames. WNettlebed, Henley, Stokenchurch, Sid. Caversham
Lane and Churchyard, Irvine. Near Henley on the Wycombe
Road, Be. Chalk-pit in ‘Flowing Spring” A. Fr. Caversham,
Hb. Br. Mus. Col., J. Carroll, 1849! Goring, H. Bos. / Checkendon,
Crowsley, Mongewell, Ipsden, Dunsden, Hvingden, etc.

Berks. Tubney, Streatley, Wootton, Appleton, etc.

P

ao
210 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

*V. Blattaria, LD. Moth Mullein.

Comp. Cyb. 253. Syme, E. B, vi. 116.942. Nym. 528.

Denizen. Waysides, etc. Rare and relic of cultivation. B. July-
Sept.

First record, V. octavam Blattaria phenicea. Purple Moth Mullein
near Oxford, Mr. Thomas in How’s Phytologia, 1650—if this be rightly
referred to this species.

3. Swere. Spontaneous on:a wall, Adderbury, 1874, A. Fr.

4. Ray. Middleton Stoney, F. 7. Richards, Esq.

5. Isis, Roadside near Woodstock, A. F'r.

Berks. Binfield, B.G. Chievely, Brit.

[V. Lychnitis, Z. Wargrave, Brit. Berks.]

[V. virgatum, With. Harleston. Northants.]

SCROPHULARIA. L.

(S. vernalis, Z., has been quoted as an Oxford plant on faith of the
following reference—‘ Scrophularia flore luteo Brownewort with yellow
flower. In Oxfordshire.’ This has never been confirmed. It was either
an escape from cultivation or Bobart’s variety of nodosa.

Berks. Near Bucklebury in great plenty, Mr. Shefield, MSS.]

S. nodosa, L. Figwort.

Top. Bot. 293. Syme, E. B. vi. 123.949. Nym. 533. Bx. 385.

Native. Sylvestral. Woods, ete. Generally distributed and not un-
common, P. June, July.

First record, ‘ Scroph. major. Great Figwort. The Great Scroph. groweth
plentifully in shadowie woods . . . and also in Stowe wood, and Shotover
neere Oxford.” Ger. 1597, p. 579; do. in Ger. an. Coles’ Adam in Eden,
etc,

Berks. Ray, ii. p. 161. Scrophularia major, caulibus, foliis et floribus
viridibus, D. Bobart. ‘Found near Cumner. Common Figwort is
called Brownwort from its remarkable brown colour. This has
nothing of brownness in it.’ Archbishop Whately refound this in
1830, and specimens were put in the Botanic Garden, where they
remained unchanged by cultivation, Baxter, 1835. This form was
erroneously referred to S. Hrharti in Sm. Eng. Fl. Specimens in
Herb. Morison, probably Morison’s own, and in Hb. Dubois show
that it is an abnormal form of nodosa, which Mr. R. C. Pryor, in
Journ. Bot. vol. v, suggested should be known as S. nodosa, var.
Bobarti.

S. oblongifolia, Lois. Water Betony.
S. Balbisii, K. (non Horn). 8. aquatica, L. in pt.
Top. Bot. 294. Syme, E. B. vi. 120. 947. Nym. 532.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. ail

Native. Paludal. Brooksides. Damp woods and wet places. Com-
mon. Occurs in all the districts. P. June—Aug.

First record, Sid. 1794. S. aquatica, L.

Wasps frequent the flowers of this and the forgoing species, which, Mr.
Grant Allen has pointed out, have become specialised for their use.

(S. aquatica, Z. S. umbrosa, Dum. 8S. Erharti, Stev. Warwick. Very
rare. ]

DIGITALIS. L.

D. purpurea, L. Foxglove.

Top. Bot. 295. Syme, E. B. vi. 126.952. Nym. 535. Bx. 113.

Native. Bushy places, waysides, woods. Local. Rare in north Oxon.
Locally frequent on the sandy soil of the Chiltern table-land. B. June-
Sept.

First record, Wm. Coles, 1657.

1. Stour. Tadmarton Heath ! A. Fr.

2. Ouse. Frumere, R. C. Pryor. Mixbury, Lord Selborne.

3. Swere. Near Mill Farm, Epwell Heath, Worton Wood, rare, T. Bees.

Hooknorton, hardly wild, R. Fr.

5. Isis. Wychwood, T. Bees.

. Thame. Shotover to Wheatley.

7. Thames. Stokenchurch! between Nettlebed and Henley! Sid.
Between Stokenchurch and Wycombe, Wm. Coles. Abundant from
Nettlebed to Lewknor, left behind at Lewknor, A. Fr. Not plenti-
ful about Caversham, Phyt., .»s. ii. 340. Whitchurch, Woodcote,
Chinnor, Binfield, Crowsley, Witley Coppice, Cane End, Queen’s
Wood, Sunley Wood, Checkendon, Ipsden, ete.

Berks. Birch Copse, Powder Hill Copse, Streatley.

a

ANTIREHINUM. L.
* A. majus, L. Snapdragon.
Syme, E. B. vi. 131. 953. Bx. 169. Nym. 537. Comp. Cyb. 541.
Alien. Old walls. Rare. P. June-—Aug.
8. Swere. Garden wall, Castle Street, Banbury, Milton, A. Fr.
4.5. Oxford old walls not uncommon, Merton! Sib. New Coll.! Jesus
Coll., Walk. St. John’s Garden walls, and var. ald. walls in the
New Coll. Lane! etc., Bx. Holywell, R. C. Pryor. ‘Trinity had
never been unkind to me. There used to be much Snapdragon
growing on the walls opposite my freshman’s rooms there, and I had
for years taken it as the emblem of my own perpetual residence
unto death in my University,’ Cardinal Newman's Apologia. Wad-
ham and Magdalen Coll. walls.
6. Thame. Great Milton, Tetsworth.
7. Thames. Caversham, A. Fr. Goring.
‘Berks. Walls of Reading Abbey.
P2
212 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

A. Orontium, L. Corn Snapdragon.

Syme, E. B. vi. 131.954. Nym. 536.

Colonist. Agrestal. Cornfields. Very rare. A. July—Sept.

First record as a wild plant, Rev. HL. Fox, about 1850.

6. Thame. By the roadside close to Shotover Plantation, between the
Temple and Shotover House, with Aster Chinensis, Malcolmia mari-
tima, Reseda odorata, and Malva crispa, outcasts from the garden,
Hb. Bx. 1826. Near Oxford, Rev. R. Linton. Dorchester, Mrs.
Blunt.

7. Thames. Near Goring one poor specimen, Rev. E. Fox. On
a rough field half a mile or so west of Caversham, sparingly
with Torilis infesta, F. A. Lees ; see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1883.

Berks. Near Newbury, H. Bos. Wargrave, Woodhay, Cookham, Elcot,
Brit. Bucks. Northants very rare. Gloster E. Warwick, colonist.

LINARIA. L.

L. vulgaris, Mill. Yellow Toad-flax.

Top. Bot. 297. Syme, E. B. vi. 141. 962. Nym. 537.

Native. Septal, ete. Hedges, waysides, and sandy fields. Local. P.

July—Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794, Antirrhinum Linaria, L.

1. Stour. Tadmarton Heath.

2. Ouse. Finmere, Mixbury, R.C. Pryor. Ardley.

3. Swere. Broughton, Drayton, Gull. Hanwell, Swalecliffe, common
in cornfields about Banbury, A. Fr. Variety with two to four
spurs between Milton and Barford, A. Fr. 1870.

4. Ray. Summertown Road, Bx. Beckley, Rev. Moyle Rogers. Rare
near Oxford. Near Weston-on-the-Green. Between Heyford and
Kirtlington, with large flowers, not speciosa.

5. Isis. Stanton Harcourt, South Leigh, Sib. Stonesfield, Br. Be-
tween Church and Long Handborough, Bx.! Freeland, Blenheim,
Ditchley, Bruern, with large flowers.

6. Thame. Bullingdon, H. Bos. Dorchester, Sib.! Shotover.

7. Thames. Goring, Stokenchurch, Sunley Wood, Henley Park Hill,
South Stoke, Caversham, Dunsden, etc.

Berks. Frilford, Boar’s Hill, Lowbury.

* L, purpurea, Mili. Purple Toad-flax.

Syme, E. B. vi. 139.960. Comp. 541. Nym. 539.

Alien, Old walls. Rather rare. June-—Aug.

First record, W. Baater, 1831.

3. Swere. Garden wall in Castle Street, Banbury, Canalside,
Hardwick, Broughton, A. Iv. Hardwick Weir, 1866, T. Bees.
Swaleclitfe,
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 213

4. Ray. Walls of Rose Lane, Long Wall, Magdalen College, Islip, etc.

5. Isis. Near G. W. Station on rubbish heap, alien, not likely to
become fixed, Phyt. iv. 101, H. Bos. On walls near the Castle,
and on old walls near the Church at Yarnton, side of Banbury
road between the Parks and the Diamond house, 1831, Br.

6. Thame. Iffley Churchyard! W. T. Dyer, Journ. Bot. ix. Great
Milton, Wheatley.

L. repens, Mill.

L. striata, DC. Antirrhinum repens, L.

Top. Bot. 296. Syme, E. B. vi. 139. 961. Nym. 539.

Native. Waysides, cultivated fields, dry places. Abundant on the
chalk where free from tertiary deposits, but thins out easterly. P.
June-Oct.

3. Swere. Railside near King’s Sutton (Northants?), W. Patey.

Introduced here by trains bringing seeds from the south.

5. Isis. Wychwood, J. UM. Albright. I have not seen specimens
collected there, and have been unable to find it.

7. Thames. Found also by Mr. Dandridge on the sides of a hill
called Marvell Hill, by Henley Townside, and by Mr. J. Sherard
on the Church walls at Henley, Ray, Syn. ed iii. p. *282, Linaria
cerulea foliis brevioribus et angustioribus. First record, 1724,
J. Sherard. Between Ewelme and Swincombe, Sib. Near Hailey,
where it was observed in the time of Dillenius, Sm. Eng. Fl.
Henley, from whence the specimen figured in Hort. Eltham was
obtained. Henley Churchyard, Hb. Dillen., col. Dr. Richardson of
Bierly. Still at Henley, Mr. Sheffield, 1763; do.! 1884. Stcken-
church, Ibstone, Pamp. and Irvine. Fine patch near Maple
Durham, A. Irvine. Between Caversham and Maple Durham,
A. Fr. Stokenchurch Hills, Hb. Be. Goring, Watlington, H. Lon.
South Stoke, see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1880. Pyrton, Nuffield to
Mongewell, Bix to Assenton, Wellplace, Ipsden, near Crookley
Green, Ivingden Farm, Whitchurch.

Berks. Shooter's Hill, Walk. Streatley, Unwell Woodside, Moulsford,
between Moulsford and Wallingford abundant, Lowbury.

Dillenius described a variety—Linaria angustifolia flore cinereo striato
H. Elth. Varietas cum folits angustioribus et brevioribus verticillatum ab
imo ad summum nascentibus, quaternis et quinis ad singula geniculo foltis
oppositis.

Hee var. vulgo nascitur, folits nempe inferius ternis et quaternis superius
alternis, longioribus et nonnihil latioribus, promiscue nuscentes observata
fuerunt prope Henley in Parco Dom. Hamiltoni a Dom. Littleton Brown
qui eo loco Cambroso flores satis odoratos Periclymeni instar observavit
1733 Junio. Respecting this Dr. Littleton Brown writes, ‘It grows
214 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

sometimes a yard high. Y° leaves are not set confusedly on y® stalk as in
y®? common, but in bundles at distances, y® stalks are brittle, much
branched towards y® top, and y® flowers stand not thick clustering
together, but more sparsed and at greater intervals, and are of a pale
blew streaked all along keel with a deeper .... y® lower lip at y® gapeing
is spotted with yellow, an exact description of ye Henley one.’

The foregoing description by Dillenius is not remarkable for lucidity
and elegance, and the form it refers to is by no means uncommon, the
barren stem frequently having verticillate leaves (see E. B. plate), but the
Honeysuckle odour I have failed to perceive.

The colour of the flowers is said in the Student’s Flora to be violet, in
Bab. Man. white with blue veins, and in Syme, E. B., white with purple
veins, the palate with a yellow spot. The colouring of the plate does not
bear out the description, some reminiscence of alpina being apparently
present in the mind of the colourist.

The colour of the flowers is indeed very variable, more frequently it is
as Babington describes it, but forms occur with dark purple flowers
without striations, with violet blue flowers on which striations can be
seen ; white flowers with yellow palate and strize nearly absent; and a
very beautiful form with coral pink flowers and few striations, these all
had the typical shape of repens.

Bucks, Hambledon, Henley, etc. Northants introduced. Warwick
garden escape,

L. repenti-vulgaris.

Several hybrids between vulgaris and repens have been found. One,
near Goring, had the flowers only slightly larger than repens, but the
colouring was as it is in vulgarzs, the spur was as in repens ; altogether the
repens parentage was much the stronger. Another near Wallingford had
the spur of vulgaris, with larger flowers than typical repens, and the
flowers distinctly striate. A third from arable ground near Goring had
flowers half an inch long, spurs more than a quarter of an inch, flowers striate
but with orange palate and pale yellow under lip—this may be identical with
the Irish plant named sepiwm by Prof. Allman. This latter form occurred
also at Lowbury in a turnip field.

L. viscida, Mench.

LL. minor, Dsf.

Top. Bot. 297. Syme, E. B. v. 143. 966. Nym. 542.

Native. Agrestal. Cultivated ground, very fond of railway ballast,

Rather common and widely distributed. A. May-Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794. Antirrhinum minus, L.

2. Ouse. Ardley, H. H. Garnsey.

8. Swere. Cornfields just above Broughton Fulling Mill, rare,
T. Bees. Near Shutford, T. Brayne, 1820. Near Swalecliffe
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 215

Grange, 1859. Everywhere along the line, 7. Bees. MSS., 1871.
Somerton.

4. Ray. Between Kirtlington Park and village of Weston! W. W.
Saunders. Elsfield, R. Linton. Stow Wood, Hb. Lawson. Near
Oxford in cornfields and gardens, Bx.in Purton. Upper Heyford,
Rev. E. Fox. Kirtlington, Headington Wick, Beckley, etc.

5. Isis. South Leigh, Stanton Harcourt, Sib. Woodstock Road,
Witney, H. Bos. Ditchley, Bampton.

6. Thame. Between St. -Clement’s and Cowley Marsh, between
Bullingdon Green and the Asylum, Bx. 1823. Wheatley,
W. Whitwell. Littlemore, Cuddesdon.

7. Thames. Nettlebed, Henley, Hd. Bx. [Ilvingden, Goring,
Caversham.

Berks. Moulsford, Frilford.

L. spuria, Mill. Fluellen.

Top. Bot. 295. Syme, E. B. vi. 135. 967. Nym. 543.

Native. Agrestal. Cornfields, principally on gravelly or sandy soil.

Local. A. June—Dec.

First record, Sib. 1794. Antirrhinum spurium, L.

2. Ouse. Hardwick! Ardley, H. E. Garnsey.

3. Swere. Cornfield just above Broughton Fulling Mill, rare, T. Bees.,
1841. Near Worton Wood, A. Fr.

4. Ray. Beckley! H. E. Garnsey. Headington Wick Copse! Bz.
Stow Wood, Hd. Lawson. Elsfield! H. Bos. Oddington, Tackley,

Marston.
5. Isis. South Leigh, Sib. Charlbury, J. M. Albright. Hailey,
F. Westell.

6. Thame. Cowley, Sib. Between St. Clement’s and Cowley,
between Bullingdon Green and Shotover! cornfield adjoining
Long Meadow, Bz. Bullingdon, H. Bos. Headington, Dorchester,
var. peloria, Rev. F. Bennett!

7. Thames. Goring, Nettlebed, Bix, Ilvingden Farm, above Walling-
ford, Mongewell, var. peloria.

Berks. South Hinksey.

L. Elatine, Will.

Top. Bot. 296. Syme, E. B. vi. 134. 956. Nym. 542.

Native. Agrestal. Cornfields. Local. A, June—Dec.

First record, Sib. 1794. Antirrhinum Elatine, L.

2. Ouse. Ardley, H. H. Garnsey. Hardwick.

4. Ray. Near Headington Wick Copse, Bz./ Elsfield, H. Bos.
Beckley.

5. Isis. South Leigh, Sib. Witney, H. Bos.
216 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

6. Thame. Headington, Sib. Between St. Clement’s and Cowley
Marsh, between Bullingdon and Shotover, Bx. Shotover, R. Linton.
Between London Road and Long Meadow, Bx. Bullingdon,
H. Bos.

7. Thames. Goring, Ilvingden Farm.

Berks. Hinksey Hills, Bx.

*L. Cymbalaria, Mill. Ivy-leaved Toad-flax. Oxford Weed.

Comp. Cyb. 541. Syme, E. B. vi. 133.955. Nym.956. Bx. 23.

Denizen. Old walls. Common about Oxford and along the Thames
Valley. P. April-Nov. Occurs in all the districts. ‘From Oxford to
Teddington we are continually meeting with the flowery festoons of this
pretty plant wherever old stone-work is found in proximity to the water.’
Hall's Book of the Thames, 133.

This is the plant whose structure and relations Linnzus, during the
interview he had with Dillenius in the Botanic Garden, explained in so
clear a manner as to remove the prejudice against him and to constrain
Dillenius to admit that he was not the man to bring Botany into confusion.
See Daubeny’s Guide to the Gardens.

First record, 816.1794. Antirrhinum Cymbalaria, L.

VERONICA. L.

V. officinalis, L. Speedwell.

Top. Bot. 289. Syme, E. B. vi. 163. 984. Nym. 545.

Native. LEricetal, sylvestral. Banks, heaths, dry pastures, woods, etc.

Local. Not uncommon. P. May-Aug.

First record, Sib. 1794.

1. Stour. Tadmarton Heath, T. Bees. /

3. Swere. Hanwell, Wroxton, T. Bees. Crouch Lane, 4. Fr. Epwell
Heath.

4. Ray. Stow Wood! Headingdon Wick Copse! Ba.

5. Isis. Chipping Norton, Gull. Ditchley Wood! O. V. Aplin.
North Leigh, Rev. F. Bennett. instock Heath, Wychwood,
Ramsden Heath, Mill Wood.

6. Thame. Shotover! Bullingdon, Sib. Sydenham, Hb. Bx. Culham.

7. Thames. Binfield, Chinnor, Sunley Wood, Fawler, Ipsden, Chanse
Heath.

Berks. Wootton Heath; Hb. Dill. Bagley, Wytham, Eng Wood,
Boar’s Hill, Frilford.

V. Chameedrys, L. Germander Speedwell.

Top. Bot. 290. Syme, E. B. vi. 164. 986. Nym. 546. Bs. 50.
Native. Septal. Hedgebanks, waysides, etc. Abundant and widely
distributed. P. May-July.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 217

First record, Sib. 1794.
With pale lilac flowers larger than usual on Shotover. Light pink
flowered forms have also been noticed.

V. montana, L. Mountain Speedwell.

Top. Bot. 289. Syme, E. B. vi. 166.987. Nym. 546.

Native. Sylvestral. Shady woods. Local, not common. P. April—

July.
First record, Blackstone, 1737, V. Chamedryoides foliis oblongis pediculis
insidentibus, R.

5. Isis. In a wood between Handborough and Freeland! Be.
Wychwood! H. Bos.

6. Thame. Shotover Plantations! Sid., do., 1884.

7. Thames. Stokenchurch Woods!. Hb. Banks. Nettlebed! Sib.
Lambridge Wood! Bolton King. Mongewell, College Wood,
Withy Coppice, Vernal’s Wood, Maple Durham, Sunley Wood,
Queen’s Wood, Ipsden Heath.

Berks. Cumnor, H. Bos. Bagley, Bx.! Streatley, Unwell Wood.
Bucks. Northants requires verification. Gloster. Warwick.

V. scutellata, D. Marsh Speedwell.

Top. Bot. 288. Syme, E. B. vi. 167.988. Nym. 546.

Native. Uliginal. Peat bogs, wet places on heaths. Rare. P. June-

Aug.

First record, Sib. 1794.

4, Ray. Otmoor, Sib.’ A small prostrate form with fleshy leaves is
still plentiful in the marshy meadows about Oddington, ete.

5. Isis. Port Meadow, Bx. Near Long Handborough, Ramsden
Heath, Binsey Common.

6. Thame. Bullingdon Green, Sid. Between Cowley and Henley
Road, Ba.

7. Thames. Ibstone Common, Bz. Woodcote Common, Binfield
dwarf form with pure white flowers.

Berks. Bagley Wood, Bx. Kintbury, Virginia Water, Brit.

V. Anagallis, LD.

Top. Bot. 288. Syme, E. B. vi. 168. 989. Nym. 547.

Native. Paludal. Ditches, brooks, ponds. Not uncommon and
widely distributed. P, June-Aug.

First record, 1794.

2. Ouse. Hardwick, Hethe, etc.

8. Swere. Banbury, 4. Fr. Abundant in Cherwell Valley.

4, Ray. Near Bicester, A. Fr. Marston to Wood Eaton. Common

about Bicester, Islip, Otmoor, Heyford, etc.
218 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

5. Isis. Charlbury, T. Westcombe. Binsey, H. Bos. Cornbury Park,
South Leigh, Port Meadow, Eynsham, Radcot.

6. Thame. Nuneham, H. Bos. Cowley! Newb. Albury, etc.

7. Thames. Caversham, South Stoke, etc.

V. Beccabunga, L. Brooktlime.

Top. Bot. 289. Syme, E. B. vi. 169. 990. Nym. 546.

Native. Paludal. Ditches, ponds, and wet places. Abundant in all
the districts. P. May-Aug.

First record, J. Bobart in Ray, 1696, V. aquatica rotundifolia,
Beccabunga dicta minor, with white flowers by the side of Headington
Hill near Oxford. Bobart describes Samolus under two names in Morison,
one being sometimes referred to this plant in error. See Ray-Dillenius,
1724, p. 283. The pink flowered plant is V. limosa, Lej.

V. serpyllifolia, L. Smooth Speedwell. Paul's Betony.

Top. Bot. 288. Syme, E. B. vi. 157. 978. Nym. 547.

Native. Wet pastures, cultivated ground. Common. P. May-July.
Occurs in all the districts.

First record, Sib. 1794.

V. arvensis, D. Wall Speedwell.

Top. Bot. 288. Syme, E. B. vi. 155.976. Nym. 547.

Native. Glareal, agrestal. Wall-tops, cultivated ground, waysides,
particularly on sandy soil. Common. A. May-July. Occurs in all the
districts.

First record, Plot, 1677, with white flowers. A white flowered form
has been noticed at Chinnor, Stow Wood, etc.

V. agrestis, LD. Green Speedwell.

Top. Bot. 290. Syme, EH. B. vi. 151.972. Nym. 548.

Native. Agrestal. Cultivated ground, waste places. Common and
generally distributed. A. Feb.—-Oct.

First record, Sib. 1794.

Flowers wholly white between St. Clement’s and Iffley and near Little-
more, 1824, Ba. Agrestis often occurs with arvensis on wall-tops.

V. polita, Fr. Grey Speedwell,

Top. Bot. 290. Syme, E. B. vi. 150. 971. Nym. 548.

Native. Agrestal. Cultivated ground. Common. A. Jan.—Dec.

First notice, unlocalised, Walker's Flora, 1834. First localised record,
Rev. W. Newbould, 1861, Oxford.

Var. grandiflora, Bab.

With the preceding, as at Headington, Elsfield, Marston, Tackley,
Littlemore, etc.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 219

V. persica, Poir.

V. Buxbawmti, Sen. Top. Bot. 291. Syme, E. B. vi. 152. 973.
Nym. 548.

Denizen. Agrestal. Cultivated fields. Common and generally dis-

tributed. A. Feb.—Dec.

First record, W. Baxter, 1841, sub nom. * polita.’

2. Ouse. Mixbury, Ardley.

8. Swere. Constitution Hill, 1850, 7. Bees. Banbury, A. Fr.
Adderbury, Newb. 1857.

4. Ray. Summertown, R. Linton. Beckley, Wood Eaton, Bicester,
ete.

5. Isis. Witney, H. Bos. Minster Lovell, Charlbury, Woodstock.

6. Thame. Cornfield on the London Road near first milestone, 1841;
between Oxford and Iffey, 1845; between Rose Hill and Long
Meadow, 1847; between St. Clement’s and Cowley, 1848, Bz.
Shotover, etc.

7. Thames. Caversham, Newb., 1861. Aston Rowant, ‘polita,’ Hb.
Bx. Abundant about Goring, W. Pamplin, Phyt. v. 153.

Berks. Hinksey, Cumnor, etc.

V. hederefolia, L. Lny-leaved Speeduell.

Top. Bot. 290. Syme, E. B. vi. 149.970. Nym. 549.

Native. Agrestal. Waste and cultivated ground, especially light
sandy fields and garden ground. Locally abundant and a pest. It is
found in all the districts. A. April—July.

First record, Sib. 1794.

LIMOSELLA. L.

L. aquatica, L. Mudwort.

Top. Bot. 298. Syme, E. B. vi. 146. 968. Nym.549. Bx. 212.

Native. Inundatal. Muddy places where water hasstood. A. July-

Sept. Very rare or extinct.

First record, Sir Joseph Banks, 1760.

4. Ray. Noke, Sid.

5. Isis. Port Meadow opposite Lower Wolvercote, Towing-path side,
Medley Lock, Bx. 1820. Port Meadow, Hd. Br. 1820. Do. in
Purton, ii. 366. Near Oxford, Hb. Banks. Binsey Common, Sid.

6. Thame. Cowley Marsh near Cowley Road, Bz.

Berks (?). Northants, probably extinct, not anerror. Gloster W. (?).
Warwick, rare.

ODONTITES. Hail.
O. rubra, P. Red Eyebright.
Top. Bot. 292. Syme, E. B. vi. 174. 993. Nym. 550. Bx. 223.
Bartsia odontites, Huds.
220 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Native. Pascual. Cultivated fields, waysides. Common. A. June-
Aug.

First record, Cow-wheat with white flowers, Oxford, Mr. Martin in
How's Phytologia, 1650, or Sib. 1794.

Var. O. serotina, Rehb., spec. Nyman. '

Moist meadows, waysides. Rather common and often with white
flowers.

3. Swere. Shutford, Swalecliffe.

4. Ray. Beckley, Marston.

5. Isis. Bruern, North Leigh, and var. alb. Woodstock Road.

6. Thame. Wheatley, Tetsworth, Horsepath.

7. Thames. Nuffield.

Var. O. verna, Rehb. Fl. Ex. 359.

Cultivated fields. Not uncommon, but the localities have not been
specially noted.

1. Stour. Sibford.

6. Thame. Bullingdon.

BUPHRASIA. L.

B. officinalis, (Z.) Schk. Eyebright.

Top. Bot. 292. Syme, E. B. vi. 171. 992. Nym. 551. Bx. 72.

Native. Ericetal. Pastures, heaths, roadsides, etc. Local. A. May-

Sept.

First record, $7b. 1794.

1. Stour. Tadmarton, A. Fy. /

2. Ouse. Mixbury.

8. Swere. Bretch, Crouch Lane, between Bloxham Grove and Adder-
bury West, 7. Bees.

4. Ray. Beckley, Kirtlington, Stow Wood.

5. Isis. Wychwood, Rev. R. Linton. With Uredo Rhinanthacearum,
about Oxford, Bz. North Leigh, Stonesfield, Finstock Heath,
Port Meadow.

6. Thame. Shotover, Wheatley, Bullingdon.

7. Thames, Crowell Hill, Binfield, Grimes’ Dyke, Nettlebed, Beacon
Hill.

Berks. Cumnor, Tubney, Bagley, Boar’s Hill.

Var. gracilis, Fr., spec. Nyman. Syme, E. B. vi. 171. 992.

6. Thame. Wheatley, see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1882.

7. Thames. Ipsden, Nettlebed, Goring, see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1883.

RHINANTEHUS. L.
R. Crista-galli, L. Yellow Rattle.

Var. minor, Ehrh., spec. Nyman.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE, 221

Top. Bot. 293. Syme, E. B. vi. 180. 998. Nym. 552. Bx. 259.

Native. Pratal. Meadows and pastures. Abundant. A. May-July.

First record, Morison (Bobart), iii. 426, Pediculurts pratensis lutea

vel Crista galli, C.P.B. ‘nihil frequentius nihil inutilus,’ 1699.
With Uredo Rhinanthacearum about Oxford. It is frequent in the
Parks,
PEDICULARIS. L.

P. palustris, L. Marsh Lousewort.

Top. Bot. 293. Syme, E. B. vi. 178. 996. Nym. 553.

Native. Paludal. Peat bogs, marshes. Local,rather rare. A. May-

Sept.

First record, Blackstone, 1737. P. palustris rubra elatior, Raii.

3. Swere. Broughton, Gull. Wroxton, 7. Brayne.

4. Ray. Abundant in Weston Peat Pits, W. Wilson Saunders. Near
Upper Heyford! Headington Wick Copse! Bx. Behind Headington
Hill, Sib. Near Stow Wood, marsh between Kirtlington and
Tackley, Marston.

5. Isis, South Leigh Meadows, Sib. Charlbury, T. Westcombe.
Boggy places between Wolvercote and Yarnton near the canal, Br.
Wolvercote! Cornbury! H. Bos. In Ascot Field sparingly, Black-
stone. With white flowers near Grafton Common.

6. Thame. Bullingdon! Sib., Hb. Lawson. Shillingford, Rev. F.
Bennett. Garsington, H. Bos. Shotover.

7. Thames. Riverside near Moulsford.

Berks. Bagley, Br. Near South Hinksey, Tubney.

P. sylvat ca, DL. Heath Lousewort.

Top. Bot. 293. Syme, E. B. vi. 179.997. Nym. 554. Bx. 266.

Native. Ericetal. Heaths, dry pastures, and grassy places in woods.

Local, but not uncommon. A. April-—July.

First record, Sid. 1794.

1. Stour. Tadmarton Heath! A. Fr.

3. Swere. Hanwell Furze Ground, Gull. Do. var. alba, O. V. Aplin.
Sitter’s Mill, 7. Brayne.

4. Ray. Headington Wick, H. Bos.

5. Isis. South Leigh Heath, Sib. North Leigh, Wychwood, and var.
alba, Ramsden Heath.

6. Thame. Shotover! Sib. Cowley, Hb. Br. Open Magdalen, H. £.
Garnsey. :

7. Thames. Penley, Hb. Br. Mongewell and var. alba, Binfield and
var. alba.

MELAMPYRUM. L.
M. pratense, L. Cow Wheat.

Top. Bot. 293. Syme, E. B. vi. 182. 1002. Nym. 556.
22,2 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Native. Sylvestral. Woods and bushy places. ‘Local, not common.
A. May-Aug.

First record, Sib. 1794.

4. Ray. Stow Wood, Stb./ Headington Wick Copse! Bx. Near
Heyford, Rev. E. Fox.

5. Isis. Tar Wood, Sib. Between Stonesfield and Woodstock, 1831,
Woods about Church Handborough, Bx. Mill Wood.

6. Thame. Shotover, S%b.

7. Thames. Wood between ‘Flowing Spring and Shiplake,’ A. Fr.
Kidmore End, F. Tufnail, College Wood, Whitchurch near
Nuffield.

Berks. Birch Copse, 7. Thurland. Bagley, Br. Maidenhead, War-
grave, Brit.

Var. M. latifolium, Syme. Syme, E. B. vi. 185. 1004. Hook. St. Fl.
Chalk dist. Oxon, ete. Comp. Cyb. 541.
6. Thame. Ridge of hill between Goring and Whitchurch, Prof.
Babington in Syme, E. B. vi. 185. Withy Coppice, Wood near
Cane End, Wood near Park Farm. The corolla when fully ex-
panded has the mouth partially open.
{M. cristatum, LZ. ‘Extinct,’ Dr. M. T. Masters, Phyt., n.s. ii. 113. I
can find no trace of its having been recorded.]:
Bucks, old record. Northants, Wakerley Wood.

** Mimulus luteus, Z. Waterfall, Wroxton, A. Fr. list. Not wild.

Orv. LIV. OROBANCHEA, Rich.

OROBANCHE. L.
O. elatior, Sutt.

O. major, L. suec. Top. Bot. 299. Syme, E. B. vi. 196. 1013. Nym.
560.
Native. Parasitic on Centaurea Scabiosa. Rare. July, Aug.
First record, Sib. 1794. O. major, L.
3. Swere. Between Milton and Barford, A. Fr. ‘major, elatior
certainly !
4, Ray. Near the Parks, Sit. Summertown, H. Bos. Near Bletch-
ingdon, Wm. Davenport. Field between Barton and Sandhill,
R. Walker.
5. Isis. Stanton Harcourt, Sib. Near Roman pavement, North Leigh,
J. M. Albright. Fields near the road between Oxford and Wood-
stock, left-hand, near the half-mile-trees, one spike two feet six
inches high, with sixty-five flowers, Bx. in Purton.

7. Thames. Henley, Sib. Fields near South Stoke, with O. minor,
1884.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE, 223

Berks. Woodhay, Kintbury, Elcot, Brit. Near Cumnor. Northants,
Gloster (?), Warwick rare.

O. minor, Sutt.

Top. Bot. 300. Syme, E. B. vi. 199. 1016. Nym. 562. Bx. 381.
Native. Parasitic on clover, etc. Local. Common on lower chalk.
A. June-Oct.

First record, Dr. Lloyd, Bishop of Oxford, about 1820.

1. Stour. Between Hooknorton and Little Sibford, half mile from
latter, 1863, T. Bees.

8. Swere. Between Milton and Barford, A. Fr./

4. Ray. Between Bicester and Middleton Stoney, near Cross Roads,
A. Fr. Above Headington Wick Copse, R. Walk.

5. Isis. Yarnton, 7. Thurland. Handborough.

6. Thame. Near Warneford Asylum, Bx./ Headington! H. Bos.
Littlemore railside.

7. Thames. Ewelme, Dr. Lloyd. Bix, Dr. Williams. Caversham,
Irvine. Goring, Newb. Watlington, H. Bos. South Stoke, very
abundant in cloverfields, see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1880. Watlington.
In Pieris, yellow-flowered form very different in appearance
from ordinary minor, but not Picridis, Sz. Mongewell, Cookley
Green, etc.

Berks. Hinksey Hill, H. Bos. Frilford, Moulsford, etc. Bucks,
Gloster, Warwick.

(O. rapum, Th. Snelsmone Common, Hampstead Norris, Brit. Berks,

Bucks, Northants, Gloster E.]

LATHREA. L.

L. squamaria, L. Toothwort.

Top. Bot. 301. Syme, E. B. vi. 189. 1006. Nym. 562. Bx. 365.

Native. Sylvestral. Parasitic on roots of hazel, etc. Local and rare.

A. April, May.

First record, Dr. Lightfoot, about 1740.

3. Swere. Swerford, Wm. Colegrove.

5, Isis. Woodstock Park Woods, near Ashford Mill, Sid. Sarsgrove
Wood, Hb. Br. In a Copse near North Leigh, Dr. Lightfoot,
MSS. Wychwood, H. Bos. Copse near Charlbury Station,
J. W. Albright. Blenheim Park! Bolton King. By bridge
side, Bladon, under elm trees near Rookery, Blenheim, F. Rogers.
Asthalleigh, F. Westell, Cornbury Quarries under blackthorn
bushes, 1884.

Berks. Cumnor, Kintbury.

In the Student’s Flora Lathrea is placed in Scrophularinee.
224. FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Orv. LV. VERBENACEA, Juss.

VERBENA. L.
V. officinalis, DL. Vervain.

Top. Bot. 302. Syme, E. B. vi. 202. ror7. Nym. 563. Br. 26.
Native. Viatical. Dry gravelly waysides. Local. P. July—Oct.
First record, Sib. 1794.

2. Ouse. Mixbury, B.C. Pryor.

3. Swere. Shutford, Hooknorton, G@zll. Souldern, Cropredy,
Twyford Lane, T. Brayne. Broughton, between Adderbury and
Milton, below Constitution Hill, Banbury, A. Fr.

4. Ray. Noke, Wood Eaton, R. Linton. Between Holywell and the
Park, Bx., extinct. Elsfield, Rousham.

5. Isis. Hailey, Eynsham, H. Bos. Near Woodstock, F. Rogers.
Minster Lovell.

6. Thame. Cowley Marsh, Bullingdon Green, Ba. Dorchester and
Burcote.

7. Thames. Henley, H. Bos. Goring! Newb. Ipsden.

Berks. Abingdon.

** V, paniculata, Lam.

Alien. On mud thrown out of Canal near Grimsbury Wharf, 1867.

A. French.

Orv. LVI. LABIATA, Juss.

TEUCRIUM. L.

T. Scorodonia, L. Wood-sage.

Top. Bot. 311. Syme, E. B. vii. 85. 1093. Nym. 565. Bx. 22.

Native. Sylvestral, etc. Dry woods and heathy places. Local.

Rather rare. P. June—Aug.

First record, Sib. 1794.

4, Ray. Upper Heyford, Rev. EL. Fox. Stow Wood, Sid.

5. Isis. Wychwood, Woodstock, Ditchley, H. Bos.

6. Thame. Shotover, Sib./ 1885. Do. on south side, near old
ochre-pits.

7. Thames. Stokenchurch, Goring, H. Bos. Withy Coppice.

Berks. Bagley, Cumnor, Appleton, Streatley, Boar’s Hill. Bucks,
Northants very rare, Gloster, Warwick.

Given without localities in Walker.

T. Scordium. L,. Water Germander.

Top. Bot. 311. Syme, E. B. vii. 83. 1092. Nym. 565.

Native. Paludal. Wet places and streamsides in marshy districts.
Most rare, if not extinct. P. Aug.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 225

First record, W. Turner. Groweth in Oxford and Cambridge in good
plenty, 1568.

5. Isis. ‘Groweth near to Oxenford, by Rewly, on both sides of water,’
Gerarde, 1597. Near Aristotle's well at Oxford, Merrett, 1666.
“Upon Botley Causey, presently after you'are over the stream that
goeth to Osney Mill, not over far from Rewly, which is the place
Mr. Gerard mentions, but on the other side of the water, Wm.
Coles, 1657, Coles took plants from here to the School-house
garden, Adderbury. Banks of Isis near High bridge; Eynsham
Common, Sib. Phyt. 1856, extinct. Godstow, very rare, 1864,
Hf. Bos. in Hb. Br. Mus., Hb. Lawson, do. H. Bos., 1868.

6. Thame. Ina meadow by Abingdon called Nietford, Mr. R. Slater,
in Gerarde, 1597.

This last record may be in Berks. Northants, extinct.

* T. Chamedrys, L. Germander.

Comp. Cyb. 564. Syme, E. B. vii. 84. 1094. Nym. 565.

Denizen. Old walls. Very rare. P. June, July. :

Fisrt record, Dr. Lightfoot, about 1760. And perhaps first as

British.

5. Isis. Witney, on right hand side of old road leading to Burford,
Dr. Lightfoot, MSS., also in Sib. and Auct. var.; see Rep. of
Rec. Club, 1880, p. 163. It also occurred on bank at the base of
the wall.

AJUGA. L.

A. reptans, L. Bugle.

Top. Bot. 312. Syme, E. B. vii. 77. 1088. Nym. 567. Bx. 94.

Native. Sylvestral, ete. Woods, pastures, etc. Common and generally
distributed. Abundant in many of the Chiltern woods. The’ flesh-
coloured form was thought at one time to be another species. Bobart, see
Ray Stirp. 1690, records it as Bugula cerulea alpina, Park. Stokenchurch
woods, but Bobart himself in Morison, vol. iii. 391, 1699, gives it as
Bugula media flore carneo media pratensis purparea, C.B. P. ‘In agro
Oxoniensis in sylva haud longe a villa Stokenchurch dicta nos comitibus
usi D, Davis, M.D. et D. Branker, A.M. in plantarum inquisitione versati
triginta abhinc annis, hanc Bugulam sponte nascentem reperimus cujus
exemplaria in horto sicco conservamus, sed scrutinio accuratissimus usi
pluribus exinde annis, denuo invenire nos potuimus.’ In Wychwood,
Blackstone, 1737, described it as growing sparingly. It was still there in
1885, and white varieties have been noticed there and at Mongewell,
Blenheim, Shotover, and pale blue at Ipsden and Wychwood. P. May-
July.

On faith of the Ray record Oxfordshire has been occasionally stated

Q
226 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

to yield Ajuga alpina; a gross error, almost too palpable to require
contradiction.

(A. chamepitys, Sek. Northants, extinct (?).]

SALVIA. L.
8S. pratensis, L.

Top. Bot. 303. Syme, E. B. vii. 45. 1058. Nym. 569. Bx. 65.
Native. Glareal and pascual. Grassy fields and roadsides on the Great
Oolite. Local andrare. P. June—Aug.

First record, Dillenius and Bobart, 1730.

4. Ray. Roadside between Middleton and Ardley, Sib./ In the
green lane leading from Kirtlington to the western extremity of
Lord Jersey’s Park at Middleton (this lane is probably the
Wattlebank), near Bicester, Dr. Brain, (2) Brayne. W. Wilson
Saunders’ Kirtlington list.

5. Isis. ‘Found by me in company with Dr. Dillenius, 1730, over y®
hill by Comb Mill in y® path-way leading from North Leigh to y°
Mill,” Bobart in Hb. Dill. Glyme Farm, 7. Beesley. Finstock,
Little Park near Cornbury! plentifully, 4. Fr. Hd. Br. Mus.
About Enstone and Spelsbury, Rev. T. Sibley, 1832, in Ba. Field
near Charlbury, Miss Gillett in Young England, 1864. Wychwood,
Hb. BR. Linton, Half-a-mile east of Charlbury Station near a bridge
leading into the Park, Rev. H. F. Linton. In a meadow above the
Head Keeper’s Lodge, Cornbury, also along the edge of the wood
above the ponds, and in the lane leading thence to Stonesfield, Rev.
Hi. E. Fox, 1872, see Rep. of Ex. Club, 1872. Field near Manor
House, Finstock, J. M. Albright. Bank side of wood descending to
Ashford Mill, and on right under hedge of field bounding wood,
MS. note in Dr. Williams’ copy of New. Bot. Guide. Freeland
Field near Church! Mrs. Taunton, 1882. Finstock near Wych-
wood. Furzy brake near Holy Court, 1885. This latter is probably
Dillenius’ locality. Oxford as a habitat for Salvia pratensis is
referred to in all the Botanical Manuals and Guides. French, in
Journ. Bot. 1875, vol. xiii. p. 293, showed clearly its claims to be
considered a native plant. In Oxford it is found in old grass-fields,
as it is on the continent; at one time it probably extended over the
oolitic tract of the county. It has been noticed with white flowers
at Ardley.

Berks. Near Blewbury, see Brit. (?) Bucks, near Hambledon. North-
ants, error. Warwick.

8. verbenaca, L. Clary.

Top. Bot. 303. Syme, E. B. vii. 42. 1056. Nym. 570.
Native. Viatical. Dry banks by roadsides. Local. P. May-Oct.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 227

First record, Sib. 1794.

4. Ray. Near the Parks, Bz., extinct.

5. Isis. Long Handborough, J. French! Godstow, Eynsham, H. Bos.
Church Handborough, Charlbury, Burford.

6. Thame. Between Iffley and St. Clement’s, R. Walk. Wheatley!
W. Whitwell. Great Haseley, Great Milton.

7. Thames. Whitchurch, 4. Fr. Near Wallingford, Goring, Cavers-
ham, Hardwick House.

Berks, Near Abingdon, Marcham.

SCUTELLARIA. L.

S. galericulata, L. Skull-cap.

Top. Bot. 321. Syme, E. B. vii. 47. 1060. Nym. 572. Bx. 12.

Native. Paludal. By rivers, canals, and streams. It probably occurs
in all the districts although not on record for the Stour. It is frequent by
the Thames, Cherwell, ete., and occurs with white flowers near Wolvercote,
Osney, ete. P. July—Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794.

S. minor, L.

Syme, E. B. vii. 48. 1061. Nym. 573.

Native. Ericetal. Damp, heathy ground. Veryrare. P. June-

Sept.

a record, the Author, see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1882.

7. Thames. Damp ground on Binfield Heath with Pedicularis syl-
vatica, on London Clay.

Berks. Cholsey, 1835, Virginia Water with « hybrid. Bucks.
Warwick.

PRUNELLA. L.

P. vulgaris, L. Self-heal.

Top. Bot. 321. Syme, E. B. vii. 46. 1059. Nym. 573. Bx. 67.

Native. Pascual. Pastures, heaths, etc. Common. P. July, Aug.

First record, Sib. 1794.

On Shotover with Asteroma Prunella, Purt., Bx. With white flowers at
Headington Wick, H. Bos., andin Wychwood. It occurs plentifully in the
turf of Magdalen College Grounds. The flowers are also occasionally pale
blue, and sometimes rich purplish violet.

LAMIUM. JL.

L. album, Z. White Dead Nettle.

Top. Bot. 314. Syme, E. B. vii. 75. 1086. Nym. 575. Bx. 31.
Native. Viatical. Roadsides, waste places, fields, borders, hedge-
banks. Locally abundant in all the districts, yet absent from considerable

Q2
228 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

portions of the county. Occurs in and about Oxford, as by the Railway
Station, Holywell, back of Wadham College, etc. P. May-—Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794. Flowers tinged with pink near Goring.
Humble bees are particularly fond of the flowers of this species.

* L. maculatum, L.

Comp. Cyb. 546. Syme, E. B. vii. 94. 1085. Nym. 574.

Alien. Plantations and waste places. Established in a few places.
P. April—Aug.

1. Stour. Plantation adjacent to the garden of the Hermitage, Tad-

marton Heath, A. Fr.

8. Swere. Hedgebank at corner, close to lime-kiln, Tadmarton,

T. Bees.

4. Ray. Islet in Cherwell, but no doubt originally from Botanic Gar-

den, Dyer in Jowrn. Bot. ix. 147. Var. L, levigatum.

Still there in 1884. First found by W. Baxter in hedge-bank in Long
Meadow, between Oxford and Iffley, 1815, and recorded as L. rugosum
Ait., and on the side of the wall round Christ Church Meadow. This
has undoubtedly escaped from the Physic Garden, where it has become
a weed, and where it was first cultivated in 1766. It has established itself
in the little island between Christ Church Walk and Long Meadow, and
is now, April 23, 1851, in full flower, covering the greater part of the
island, Br. MSS. See also Walk. Fl., Appendia.

L. purpureum, LD. Red Dead Nettle.

Top. Bot. 314. Syme, E. B. vii. 72. 1073. Nym. 575.

Native. Agrestal. Cultivated and waste ground. Common as a
garden and allotment weed, occurring plentifully in all the districts. A.
Feb.—Dec.

First record, Plot, with white flowers, 1677. Also with white flowers
about Crouch and Wickham, T. Bees., and near Charlbury.

Var. L. decipiens, Sond.

. Swere. Roadside near Adderbury, 4. Fr.

. Ray. Between Banbury Road and wee Eaton, Rev. EH. F. Linton.
. Isis. Long Handborough.

. Thame. Littlemore.

. Thames. Goring.

NTO OP &

L. hybridum, Vill.

L. dissectum, With. L. incisum, W.

Top. Bot. 315. Syme, E. B. vii. 72. 1073. Nym. 575.

Native, Agrestal. Cultivated ground, roadsides, Local and rather
rare. A. April-Aug.

First record, J. Oglander in Walk. Fl. 1834.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 229

ee

- Ray. Wood Eaton on wall-top.

. Isis. Shipton-on-Wychwood.

6. Thame. Cornfields beyond Cowley, L. incisum, Bx. His specimen
from Thame is L. purpureum, var.

7. Thames. Mongewell, Bolton King.

Berks. Medmenham, Brit. Northants, very rare. Warwick, rare.

{L. intermedium, Fr., is given in the Flora of Warwick as native in an
allotment near Dunchurch : can this be correct 7]

On

L. amplexicaule, L. Henbit.

Top. Bot. 314. Syme, E. B. vii. 69. 1081. Nym. 575.
Native. Agrestal, etc. Cultivated ground, wall-tops, etc. Locally
common. A. April—Aug.
First record, Sid. 1794.
. Stour. Sibford Ferris, A. Fr. Stourwell.
. Swere. Milton, A. Fr.
. Ray. Stow Wood, Kirtlington.
Isis, Freeland, Charlbury.
- Thame. Headington, Dr. Williams! Shotover! Hb. Lawson.
Cowley, Thame, Hb. Bz.
. Thames. Caversham, Newb. Stokenchurch.

sw

GALEOBDOLON. Huds.
G. luteum, Huds. Weasel Snout. Yellow Archangel.

Top. Bot. 313. Syme, E. B. vii. 76. 1087. Nym. 575. Bx. 194.
Native. Sylvestral, ete. Woods, wood-borders and hedges. Local. P.
April-June. Lamium Galeobdolon, Cr.

First record, Sib. 1794, Galeobdolon Galeopsis.

2. Ouse. Absent from N.E. of county, R.C. Pryor. Ardley Wood,
Miss Griffith !

3. Swere. Swerford Wood, T. Bees. Horley, Mr. Jessop. .

4. Ray. Headington Wick Copse! Stow Wood! Sid. Noke Wood,
Tackley.

5. Isis. South Leigh, Sid. Stonesfield, Wychwood, Bladon, Ditchley.

6. Thame. Shotover, on Portland just above Kimmeridge Clay.

7. Thames. Kingston Hill, Bz. Goring, College Wood, Nuffield,
Chinnor, Withy Coppice, Aston Wood, Queen’s Wood, Penley Wood,
Sunley Wood, Vernal’s Wood, Ibstone Wood, Dyson’s Wood, Cane
End, Collin’s End, Coomb End, Whitchurch, Ipsden Wood.

Berks. Bagley, Wm. Coles, 1657! Wytham! H. Bos. Streatley, ete.

Very rarely the upper bracts are so much developed as to become leaf-

like; itis then G. luteum, Reich, the name of G. montanum being given
by him to our typical plant.
230 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

GALEOPSIS. JL.

* @. versicolor, Curt. G. speciosa, Mill.

Top. Bot. 316. Syme, E. B. xvii. 65.1077. Nym. 576. Bx. 75.

Colonist. Agrestal. Dry sandy fields. Very rare and sporadic, if not
merely a casual. A. July—Sept.

First record, G. Coles, Hsq. in Walk., 1834.

3. Swere. Towards Edgehill, T. Bees. Possibly in Warwickshire.

5. Isis. Near Bladon.

Berks. Near Wittenham, Rev. F. Bennett! Bucks. Northants, very

rare. Warwick, Edgehill.

G. Tetrahit, L. Hemp Nettle.
Top. Bot. 316. Syme, E. B. vii. 66. 1078. Nym. 566.
Native. Agrestal, septal, etc. Cultivated grounds, hedges, wood-bor-
ders. Rather common and widely distributed. A. July—Sept.
First record, Sib. 1794.
1. Stour. Tadmarton, A. Fr./
3. Swere. Wroxton, North Newington, Gull. Little Bourton, between
Bloxham Grove and Milton, A. Fr./
. Ray. Summertown, H. Bos.
. Isis. Binsey! H. Bos. Mill Wood, Godstow, Charlbury, etc.
. Thame. Shotover, Dorchester, Stadhampton, etc.
. Thames. Goring, Crowsley, Whitchurch.
Berks. Foxcombe Hill, Cumnor, Ferry Hinksey, etc.
Var. bifida, Boen. Syme, E. B. vii. 67. 1079.
6. Thame. Dorchester, Shotover.
7. Thames. Near Cane End, Woodcote.

NSO oO

G. Ladanum, L. Red Hemp Nettle.
Top. Bot. 316. Syme, E. B. vii. 62, 1074. Nym. 576.
Native. Agrestal. Cornfields, on dry, sandy, chalky, or calcareous soil.
Not uncommon. A. July-Sept. :
First record, Sid. 1794.
. Stour. Sibford.
. Ouse. Mixbury, Hardwick, Shelswell.
. Swere. North Newington, Broughton, A. Fr.
- Ray. Fields above Headington Wick Copse! Bz. Kirtlington,
H. Bos. Hisfield.
5. Isis. Bynsham, Stanton Harcourt, South Leigh, 8ib. Wychwood,
Rev. R. Linton. Witney, H. Bos. Millwood, Charlbury, Ditchley.
6. Thame. Cowley Field, Bx. Bullingdon, H. Bos.
7. Thames. Stokenchurch, H. Bos. Mongewell, Nuffield, Caversham,
and a large flowered form at Chinnor, Goring, Mongewell, Ipsden,
etc.

Hm oO Doe
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 231

Berks. Lowbury, Moulsford.

The Oxford plant is G. angustifolia, Ehrh., which includes at least two
well-marked forms, but neither quite agrees with G. canescens, Sch.

BETONICA. JL.
B. officinalis, L. Wood Betony.
Stachys Betonica, Benth.
Top. Bot. 317. Syme, E. B. vii. 54. 1067. Nym. 577. Bx. 214.

Native. Sylvestral. Woods, hedgebanks, roadsides. Scattered through
the country. P. June-Nov.

First record, Sib. 1794.

1. Stour. Tadmarton.

83. Swere. Hanwell, North Newington, T. Bees. Melcombe, A. Fr.

4. Ray. Elsfield, R. Linton. Stow Wood, Sib. Headington Wick,
H. Bos. Between Marston and Wood Eaton, Beckley.

5, Isis. South Leigh, Sib. Woodstock, Daubeny/ Woods at Church
Handborough, Bz. Enslow Bridge, in flower Nov. 7, T. Bees.
Freeland, North Leigh, Wychwood, Ditchley.

6. Thame. Shotover,Sib./ Between Bullingdon Green and Shotover,
Bx. Horsepath.

7. Thames. Sydenham Hurst, Br. Nettlebed, A. Fr. Mongewell,
Goring, Binfield with Puce. Betonice, etc.

Berks. Bagley, Eng Wood, Unwell Wood.

STACHYS. JL.
S, germanica, L. Downy Woundwort.
Top. Bot. 319. Syme, E. B. vii. 56. 1068. Nym. 577, Oxf.
Native. Septal, etc. Roadsides, fields. Local. B. July, Aug.
First record, ‘ Stachys Fuchsii, Wilde Stingking Horehound. My kinde
friend, Mr. Buckner, an apoth. of London, the last yeare being 1632 found
[it] wilde in Oxon in the field joyning Witney Parke, 4 mile from the
Towne ;’ p. 696, Johnson’s Gerarde.
3. Swere. First march, Banbury, Gull.; error, no specimen in
Gulliver’s herbarium.
4. Ray. Abundant by roadside between Woodstock and Sturdy’s
Castle, Purton, vol.i. 52, Bz.,1831. See also 8. Eng. Bot. 56! 1885.
5. Isis. Field joining Witney Park, Mr. Buckner in Johns. Ger., also
in How's Phytol. 1650. Circa Witney, Ray’s Hist. Plant. 1686.
‘In saxosis asperis et arvis restibilibus agri Oxon,’ Morison, 1649.
Also in Ray’s Synopsis, Huds. Fl. Ang., ete. Witney, Stonesfield,
on roadside between Woodstock and Enstone, Sib. Between
Blenheim and Ditchley, G. Woodward. In the cornfields at Brize
Norton, Dr. Goodenough, in Bot. Guide. Chapel House near
23% FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Chipping Norton, Winch. add. in New Bot. Guide. In several parts
of Oxfordshire, especially towards Witney, Sm. Fl. Br. Lane
leading from Wychwood Forest to Charlbury, also in some of the
coppices of Wychwood, Blackstone, 1737. Hb. Br. Mus., near
Witney, Sir Jos. Banks, 1766. Between Standlake and Witney,
J. E. Bicheno, Wychwood, R. Linton. Stonesfield, 1866! Dorn-
ford Lane, Asthal! By the Glyme near Woodstock, H. Bos.
Burford, Hb. Lawson, old specimen. Road westward of Charlbury
Station, H. F. Linton. Ducklington, Bicheno. [Not in Berks.]
Between Minster Lovell and Witney, between Charlbury and
Fawler, 1885.

Mr. Watson classes this as an alien or denizen. Had he visited Oxford
and seen it growing in natural situations over a wide area he would
probably have arrived at a different conclusion. Nyman gives it as a
native of Oxon and Beds. ‘in Anglia.’

S. sylvatica, D. Hedge Woundwort.

Top. Bot. 319. Syme, E. B. vii. 59. 1071. Nym. 578.

Native. Sylvestral. Ditches and hedges, brooksides, etc. Rather
common. P. July-Sept. It occurs in all the districts. First record,
Sib. 1794.

The flowers vary somewhat. A peculiar monstrosity was found by the
Rev. F. Bennett near Dorchester, respecting which Dr. Masters writes,
©The sepals, petals, and stamens are normal or nearly so. After their
formation, the flower does not seem to have quite made up its mind what
todo. The pistil is represented by two leaves inseparate at the base, and
from between them starts one (or two) new flower-stalks each bearing a
flower similar to the first one. The case therefore is one of median floral
prolification.’ See also as to the tendency of this plant to become monstrous
in Reich, Fl. Eze. i. 319.

S. ambigua, Sm.

Syme, E. B. vii. 58. 1070. Comp. Cyb. 275. Nym. 578.

Native. Septal. Hedgesides, ete. A hybrid of palustris with

sylvatica. Rare. P. July—Sept.

First record, the Author ; see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1881.

5. Isis. On the turnpike four miles from Oxford to Woodstock,
F. Westcombe.

6. Thame. Mud Lane, Cowley.

Berks. Holmwood, Hon. J. Warren, 1871. Northants, Warwick.
Does Smith’s ambigua occur in the latter county ?

S. palustris, L. Marsh Woundwort. Clowns Allheal.
Top. Bot. 318. Syme, E. B. vii. 57. 1069. Nym. 579. Bx, 16,
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 233

Native. Paludal. Ditches and streamsides, thickets, and fields. Not
uncommon. P. July-Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794.

Occurs in all the districts.

Mr. T. Beesley found a hybrid,? ambigua, Sm., in Stayley’s Meadow,
Banbury, and other hybrids nearer palustris than ambigua have been
noticed near Thame, at Horton, Islip, and Bampton.

8. arvensis, L.
Top. Bot. 319. Syme, E. B, vii. 60. 1072. Nym. 579.
Native. Agrestal. Cultivated fields. Rather rare. A. Mar—Nov.
First record, Sideritis alsine Trissaginis folio, C. B. P.
‘In arvis et inter segetes variis circa Oxoniam,’ Morison, iii. (Bobart),
1699.
3. Swere. In sandy cornfields frequent, 7. Bees. Milton, A. Fr.
4. Ray. The Parks, Sib. [extinct]. In cornfields almost everywhere
about Oxford, as St. Giles’ fields [extinct], Bx. Also in Purton.
5. Isis. Stanton Harcourt, South Leigh, Sib. Church Handborough,
Bz. Charlbury! RB. Linton. Ascott.
6. Thame. Cowley, Iffey, Bx. Dorchester.
7. Thames. Goring to Woodcote, Nettlebed.

** S. annua, ZL,

Syme, E. B. vii. 61. 1073. Nym. 579.

Alien. Probably introduced with pheasants’ food in Mill Wood, Church
Handborough, F. T. Richards, 1882!

* Leonurus Cardiaca, L. Motherwort.

Syme, E. B. vii. 68. 1080. Nym. 580.

Alien. Extinct. Waste places. P. Aug. ;

‘In stony and other barren and rough places, especially about Oxford,’

Gerarde, 1597.
No other record. Berks one plant near N. Woodhay Common, 1870,

Brit.
BALLOTA. ZL.

B. alba, L. Black Horehound.

B. fetida, Lam. Top. Bot. 312. Syme, E. B. vii. 52. 1065. Bx. 86.

Native. Viatical. Hedgebanks and waste places. Verycommon. P.
June-Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794. B. nigra, L.

With white flowers at Littlemore, R. Walk. On Shotover and near
Caversham. The teeth of calyx vary as to length and to fineness, but they
never assume, so far as my observation extends, the shape of B. nigra.
Ballota is found by our dustiest roadsides.
234 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

B. nigra, D.

B. ruderalis, Sw. Top. Bot. 313. Syme, E. B. vii. 52. 1066.

Native. Waysides. Veryrare. A. July—Aug.

First record, W. W. Newbould, about 1860.

7. Thames. At Goring. One specimen found in Oxon by Newb. and
Syme. Comp. Cyb. Br. 547.- Also specimens in Hb. Br. Mus. Coll.,
Dr, Boswell Syme.

Hereford, Northumberland only in Top. Bot.

MARRUBIUM. UL.

* M. vulgare, L. Horehound.

Top. Bot. 320! Syme, E. B. vii. 51. 1064. Nym. 582. Bx. 171.

Denizen or casual. Viatical. Roadsides and waste places. Very rare.

P. June-Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794.

8. Swere. On Broughton Road, 7. Bees., 1828. Expurge this, Bees.
MSS.

4. Ray. Behind the Parks, Walk., extinct. In several places about
Oxford as a garden escape, Br. Rackham’s Lane, T. Thurland.

5. Isis. In Witney Churchyard and at Handborough, Rev. Dr. Mavor.
Yarnton, Bx.

6. Thame. Bullingdon Green, Sib., also H. Bos., 1859, ‘scarce.’

Berks, Abingdon Road, Bz. About Appleton, Miss Hoskyns.

NEPETA. L.

N. Cataria, LD. Catmint.

Top. Bot. 319. Syme, E. B. vii. 39. 1054. Nym. 585. Bx. 378.

Native. Septal, etc. Hedges, waysides, and in dry fields on the chalk.

Local, not common. P. July—Sept.

First record, Blackstone, 1737, Cataria major vulg.

2. Ouse. Mixbury, 7’. Bees.

8. Swere. Bloxham Road, T. Bees. Between Adderbury and Bloxham,
A. Fr. Wickham, T. Brayne.

4, Ray. Stow Wood, Daubeny! A variegated variety in Stow Wood,
Bx.! Near Bicester, H. Bos. Noke, between Kidlington and
Shipton.

5. Isis. Witney, Sib. Banbury Road between sixth and seventh,
milestone from Oxford, Bx. Dornford Lane, Woodstock, H. Bos.
By the side of a coppice hedge near the Ranger’s Lodge (Wych-
wood), Blackstone.

6. Thame. Headington Hill! Shotover! Sb. Cheney Lane, Bz. ;
there in 1884. Thame, Bx. Cuddesdon, Stanton St. John.

7. Thames. Caversham, Newb., also Hb. Br. Mus., J. Carroll!
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 235

Mongewell, Goring, Ilvingden Farm, with white flowers at
Caversham.

Berks. Tubney, F. Bennett.

When young and growing in a cornfield near Goring the plant had much
the aspect of Ballota.

N. Glechoma, Benth. Ground Ivy.

Glechoma hederacea, L. Top. Bot. 319. Syme, E. B. vii. 40. 1050.
Nym. 587. Bx. 136.

Native. Sylvestral, etc. Woods, hedges, banks, ete. Abundant and
generally distributed. P. March-June.

First record, Dillenius, 1737, Hedera ‘terrestris flore carneo. This
elegant variety was found by the ingenious and worthy Professor of
Botany at Oxford, D. Dillenius, who observed it at} Eynsham Abbey in
that County, Blackst. Spec., p. 33.

Var. hirsuta, R. non W. K.

6. Thame. Headington, Newb. Horsepath, H. EL. Garnsey.

Beer in which Ground Ivy has been steeped is yearly sent into Lincoln
College Dining-hall on All Saints’ Day.

MELISSA. L.
* M. officinalis, L. Balm.
Nym. 587.
Denizen or alien. Hedgesides. Rare. P. July, Aug.
5. Isis. Side of a wood near Blenheim Park, between Freeland and
Handborough, Rep. of Rec. Club, 1881.

CLINOPODIUM. L.

C. vulgare, ZL. Wild Basil.

Calamintha Clinopodium, Sp. Melissa Clinopodium, Bth.

Top. Bot. 310. Syme, E. B. vii. 31. 1047. Nym. 588. Bx. 346.

Native. Septal. Hedges, banks, bushy places, wood borders. Rather

common and generally distributed. P. July—Sept.

First record, Wm. Coles, 1657.

1. Stour. Tadmarton, etc.

2. Ouse. Mixbury, ete.

3. Swere. Drayton Lane, Hornton, Gul/. Hanwell, Wykham,
Bloxham, A. Fr.

4, Ray. Beckley, Marston, Elsfield.

5. Isis. Wolvercote, Rev. F. Bennett. Handborough, South Leigh.

6. Thame. Foot of Shotover, Wm. Coles in Adam in Eden. Wheatley,
Cuddesdon.

7. Thames. Stokenchurch, Hb. Bx. Penley Wood, Nettlebed,
Grime’s Dyke, Crowsley, etc., abundant.

Berks. Longworth, Cumnor,
236 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

CALAMINTHA. WMch.

C. menthzfolia, Host. Calamint.

C. officinalis, M.

Top. Bot. 310. Syme, E. B. vii. 34. 1050. Nym. 588.

Native. Viatical. Roadsides and hedgebanks. Rare. P. July—Oct.

First record, Sid. Melissa Calamintha, L.

2. Ouse. Mixbury, R. Pryor.

3. Swere. Bloxham Road, in the lane leading from Broughton Toll-
gate to the Castle, rare, T. Bees.! Hardwick Road, Reuben
French.

4. Ray. Beyond Stow Wood.

5. Isis. Eynsham, Sib. Between Stonesfield and Ashford Mills, Ba.
Near the Observatory, S7b.

6. Thame. Near Bullingdon, H. Bos.

7. Thames. Caversham, Hd. Br. Mus., J. Carroll, 1849. Between
Goring and Whitchurch ; above Goring.

Berks. Cumnor, H. Bos. Kingston Bagpuze.

Var. Briggsii, Syme. Merges gradually into the type; it has been

noticed at Broughton, etc.

C. Nepeta, Sav. Lesser Calamint.

Top. Bot. 309. Syme, E. B. vii. 33. 1049. Nym. 588.

Native. Glareal. Dry hedgebanks. Very rare. P. Aug.

First record, Sib. 1794, Melissa Nepeta, L.

3. Swere. Broughton, Hd. R. B.

4. Ray. Headington Wick, Bayswater, H. Bos.

5. Isis. Eynsham on the way to Stanton Harcourt, Sib. (Top. Bot.
309, Bidwell specimen). Eynsham, H. Bos. 1857.

Berks. Bagley, H. Bos., 1861. Blewbury, Hampstead Norris, Brit.
Roadside near Bagley Wood, 1885. Gloster, W., St. Vincent's
Rocks.

C. arvensis, Lam. Basil Thyme.

C. Acinos, Clair. Thymus Acinos, L.

Top. Bot. 308. Syme, E. B. vii. 32. 1048. Nym.588. Bx. 479.

Native. Agrestal. Dry sandy Oolitic and Chalky fields, dry banks.
Local. A. June—Sept.

First record, W. Turner, 1548. Names of Herbes: ‘Clinopodium
groweth plentifully about Bon’ by the Rheyne syde, and I heare say that
it groweth also about Oxford; it may be called in English Horse Thyme,
because it is like Great Thyme.’ See Fig. and description in Turner's
Herbal, p. 150, ed. 1568.

1. Stour. Tadmarton Heath, A. Fr. Also var. alba /

2, Ouse. Mixbury, R. C. Pryor ! Hardwick.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 237

8. Swere. Stone-pit at Broughton, Gull. North Newington, rare, Bees.
Somerton, A. Fr.

4. Ray. Headington Wick, Sib. Between Kirtlington Park and
village of Weston! W. Wilson Saunders. Between Upper Hey-
ford and the Leys, and thence to Kirtlington, Br. Stow Wood!
Bletchingdon, H. Bos. Beckley, Headington Wick, see Rep. of
Rec. Club, 1880. Railsides, Kirtlington.

5. Isis. Stonesfield! South Leigh, Sib., Thymus Acinos, L. Between
Stonesfield and Blenheim Park! Ba. Asthalleigh, F. Westell.
Wychwood, H. Bos. Charlbury, Brize Norton, Tangley.

6. Thame. Between Bullingdon and Cowley Lane, Bz. Shotover,
HT. Bos.!

7. Thames. Between Nettlebed and Henley, A. Fr. Caversham !
Goring, Newb. Watlington, H. Bos. Ipsden, Nettlebed, Whit-
church.

Berks. Cumnor, Tubney, Boar’s Hill.

ORIGANUM. L.
O. vulgare, L. Marjoram.

Top. Bot. 307. Syme, E. B. vii. 29. 1045. Nym. 592. Bx. 354.
Native. Glareal. Dry banks, chalky and limestone pastures, etc.
Locally common. P. July—Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794.

3. Swere. Bloxham Road, T. Bees.

4, Ray. Headington Wick, Br. 1831. Stow Wood.

5. Isis. Under Woodstock Park Wall, between ‘ Leathern Bottle’ and
Ashford Mill, Stonesfield, 1831, Ba. Handborough, Charlbury,
Stonesfield, Mill Wood, Lyneham Camp, Wychwood.

7. Thames. With pink and white flowers, Stokenchurch, Ibstone,
Pamplin and Irvine. Henley, Br. Caversham, Watlington,
Swincombe, Bledlow, H. Bos. Near Flowing Spring, A. Fr.
Chinnor, Penley Wood, Whitchurch, very large, Mongewell, Withy
Coppice, Stoke Row, Ivingden; common on the chalk where free
from drift and tertiary deposits.

Berks. Streatley, Moulsford.

THymvus. L.
T. Chamedrys, Fr.
Comp. Cyb. 545. Nym. 593. Syme, E. B. vii. 27. 1044. Bx, 127.
Native. Glareal, pascual. Heathy ground, chalky pastures. Local.
P. July—Sept.
First certain record, Newb., about 1860.
8. Swere. Bretch, A. Fr.
2, 38 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

4. Ray. Stow Wood.

5. Isis. Wychwood, Hb. Linton! Tainton.

6. Thame. Bullingdon Green, Bazt. Br. Plants, is probably this,
which is also represented in Plate No. 127. Bullingdon, 1885.

7. Thames. Caversham, Newb. Goring, see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1880.

T. serpyllum, (L.) Fr. Wild Thyme.

Top. Bot. 307. Syme, E. B. vii. 26. 1043. Nym. 593.

Native. Pascual, etc. Pastures, heaths, roadsides, etc. P. July-
Sept.

First record, Serpyllum hirsutum. Abundantly over the Park, [Wych-
wood] Forest, Blackstone, 1737.

The lemon-scented citrodorus form is described by Beesley and Baxter
as ‘ being frequent.’

The hairy form recorded by Blackstone is also given for Bullingdon
Green by Sib.

MENTHA. L.

M. sylvestris, L. Horse Mint.

Syme, E. B. vii. 6. 1022. Nym. 594.

Native. Septal. Hedges, roadsides. Localandrare. P. Aug., Sept.

First record, Baxter in Walk. F1., 1831.

1. Stour. Tadmarton Heath, roadside near, and var. nemorosa.

3. Swere. Near Sun-rising, 7. Bees., var. nemorosa.

4. Ray. Bayswater near the Mill, Walker, specimen in Herb. Lawson.

5. Isis. Roadside between Woodstock and Stonesfield, just after
passing a lodge outside of Woodstock Park! Ba. 1831. North
Leigh, see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1881. Between Freeland and

Eynsham.

6. Thame. Cuddesdon, by the Wheatley roadside near the Palace,
R. Walk.

* M. viridis, Z. Spear Mint.

Syme, E. B. vii. 7. 1023. Nym. 596.
Denizen. Roadsides and waste places. Rare. Casual would probably
be the more correct definition of it as an Oxford plant. P. Aug., Sept.

4. Ray. Bayswater, 1861, H. Bos. Roadside, Middleton Stoney, an
outcast from the garden, Marston Lane.

5. Isis. Waste ground near the Railway Station.

Berks. Hampstead Norris, Brit. Bucks, Northants, Gloster, W.,
Warwick.

M. piperita, Huds. Peppermint.

Syme, E. B. vii. 9. 1024-5. Nym. 596.
Denizen. Paludal. Wet ditches. Veryrare. P. Aug.—Oct.
First record, the Author, 1884.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 239

3. Swere. North Newington Paper-mill Lane, 7. Bees.

5. Isis. Between North Leigh Common and Handborough abundant.
Var. M. officinalis, Hull.

6. Thame. About the brick-yards on north side of Shotover.

Berks. Wootton, H. Bos., 1861. Northants, Harpole. Gloster, E.,
Warwick.

M. aquatica, L. Water Mint.

Top. Bot. 306. Syme, E. B. vii. 13. 1030. Nym. 596. Bx. 398.
Native. Paludal. River-, brook-, and canalsides, ditches, marshes, and
wet places. Very common and widely distributed. P. Aug.-Oct. Our
commonest mint.
First record, Sib. 1794.
Var. subglabra, Baker.
. Swere. Somerton.
. Ray. Otmoor, Cherwell side, etc.
. Isis. Port Meadow, Eynsham, Kelmscott, etc.
. Thame. Iffley, Dorchester, etc.
- Thames. Goring, etc.

The mint is much frequented by Vanessa, Atalanta, Io, and Urtice.

M. sativa, (Z.) Fr.

Top. Bot. 306. Syme, E. B. vii. 15. 1031. Nym. 596.

Native. Paludal. River-, canal-, and brooksides, ponds, wet places.
Rather common and widely distributed. P, Aug.—Oct.

First record, Tilleman Bobart, 1696, in Ray, ed. ii, referred to in
Morison, iii. p. 369, as Mentha rotundiore folio glabro, Pulegii flore nobis
in aquosis et fonticulorum scaturiginibus e monte Shotover dicto, binis
milliaribus ab Oxonia dissito emanantibus a charissimo fratre Tillemano
sponte nascenti reperta est. In the Linnean Trans. Sir J. E. Smith refers
this to sativa. See also Sole’s Menthe Brit., Bot. Guide, etc.

Var. genuina ; rivalis, Syme.

3. Swere. Banbury, Bees.

4. Ray. Otmoor.

5. Isis. Bruern, Freeland.

6. Thame. Cowley.

7. Thames. Caversham.

Var. paludosa, Sole.

4. Ray. Islip, Rev. Moyle Rogers. Otmoor.

5. Isis. Port Meadow; canalside, Oxford.

6. Thame. Littlemore.

7. Thames. Caversham, Goring.

Var. subglabra, Bak.

4. Ray. Otmoor.

5. Isis. Bruern, Osney.

NO OP
240 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

[M. rubra, Sm. Syme, E. B. vii. 16. 1033.

Mr. J. G. Baker says of Ray’s plants, ‘one collected by Bobart is M.
rubra ; can this be Tilleman’s plant ?

Northants rare. Warwick.]

M. gentilis, L.

Syme, H. B. vii. 1037. Nym. 597.

Native. Paludal. Marshy fields. Very rare. P. Sept.
First record, the Author, 1885.

6. Thame. North side of Shotover above the brick-yards.

Warwick.

M. cardiaca, Baker (Syme).
Syme, E. B. vii. 17. 1035. Oxford.
Denizen. Roadsides and waste places. P. July—Sept.

First record, H. Boswell, 1858.
4, Ray. Marston Lane, H. Bos. Waste ground between St. Clement's

and Marston Lane, 1881, see Rep. of Ree. Club.

5. Isis. Near Woodstock, H. Bos., 1865, see Journ. Bot., 1865, p. 233,
and Syme, E. B.

[Var. gracilis. Syme, E. B. vii. 18. Warwick.]

M. arvensis, L. Field Mint.

Top. Bot. 307. Syme, E, B. vii. 21. 1038. Nym. 597.

Native. Agrestal. Damp cornfields, riversides, and wet places. Not
common, but widely distributed. P. July—Oct.

First record, Calamintha aquatica, with variegated leaves in Oxford,
Plot, 1677.

2. Ouse. Mixbury.

3. Swere. Common about Banbury, A. Fr.

4. Ray. Marston.

5. Isis. Freeland, Bruern.

6. Thame. Thame, Hd. Bx. Iffley, Hb. Lawson. Dorchester, Shot-

over.
. Thames. Lewknor, Mongewell, Assenton, Woodcote, Binfield,
Cane End, Nettlebed.

Berks. Boar’s Hill, Dyer. Longworth.

~w

M. Pulegium, L. Pennyroyat.
Top. Bot. 307. Syme, E. B. vii. 23. 1041. Nym. 597.
Native. Inundatal. Wet heaths and commons. Veryrare. P. July-

Oct.
First record, Sib. 1794.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 241

4. Ray. Otmoor, Sib.

5. Isis. Binsey, Port Meadow, Sid., also Br. in Purton. Ramsden
Heath, 7. Westcombe.

7. Thames. On a common near Ibstone in great plenty, and very fine,
especially on the margin of some small ponds, Bx. 1824. Ponds
near Goring, 1878, H. Bos. Caversham, Hd. Br. Mus., J. Carroll,
1849.

Berks. Tilehurst Common, Brit.

[M. pubescens, W. Gloster, E.]

(M. rotundifolia, Z. Bucks, Northants, very rare. Gloster, W., War-
wick, very rare.]

[M. alopecuroides, Hull. Warwick, casual, extinct.]

LYCOPUS. L.
L. europeus, DL. Gipsywort.
Top. Bot. 303. Syme, E. B. vii. 2. 1019. Nym. 597. Bx. 167.
Native. Paludal. River, canal, and ditch sides. Common, and
recorded from all the districts, except the Stour, in which it may occur.
P. June-Sept.
First record, Sib. 1794, who notices Variat hirsutie et foliorwm divisurd.

Orv. LVII. LENTIBULARIEZ, Rich.

UTRICULARIA. L.

U. vulgaris, (L.) Hayn. Bladderwort.

Top. Bot. 332. Syme, E. B. vii. 126.1125. Nym. 598. Bx. 349.

Native. Lacustral. Slow streams, ditches, ponds. Local. P. July,

Aug.

First record, Sib. 1794.

4. Ray. Otmoor, Sib./ Summertown, H. Bos. Railside between
Merton and Wendlebury, Marston, Cherwell side, not quite
typical.

5. Isis. Ditches right-hand side of Botley Road, Sib. Opposite first
drawbridge beyond Heyfield’s Hut, Ba. Between Bainton and
Burford, Rev. W. S. Rufford in Purton. Wolvercote Ponds,
H. Bos. Small ponds by railside above Wolvercote, abundant.
In a small pond under a bridge on the Botley Road. ;

6. Thame. Nuneham. .

Berks. Iffley to Sandford in ditches, Kennington, South Hinksey,
Bablock Hithe.

The interesting fact of the power possessed by this plant of being able

to digest young fish, was first noticed by Mr. Geo. Simms in the Utricularia
R
24.2, FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

growing about Oxford. Its having carnivorous properties had been
previously pointed out by Dr. Darwin and other Naturalists.

[U. minor, Z. Berks, Northants (?), Warwick.]

PINGUICULA. L.
P. vulgaris, L. Butterwort.

Top. Bot. 330. Syme, E, B. vii. 123. 1121. Nym. 598.

Native. Uliginal. Peaty marshes. Local. Rare and decreasing. P.
May-July.

First record, ‘In a marsh about a mile from Oxford near a village
called Herington,’ Parkinson’s Theatrum, 1640. ‘ Plentiful about Oxford,’
Merrett, 1666. Pinguicula sive Sanicula Ebor:

2. Ouse. Cottisford Heath, R. C. Pryor.

8. Swere. Canalside toward King’s Sutton, T. Bees. ?1f on Oxon

side.

4, Ray. Headington Wick Copse, Sib./ still there in 1885. Bog by
side of Noke Wood, T. Thurland. Bog near Stow Wood, Bz.
1830! 1884.

5. Isis. Cromwell Pits near Chipping Norton, 7’. Bees.

6. Thame. Hockley-in-the-Hole, MS. note in copy of Johnson’s Mer-
eurius which had belonged to Blackstone and other Botanists.
Bullingdon Green, Sid. / 1885. Mr. Newbould says the corolla
lobes overlap in the Bullingdon plant.

7. Thames. Henley Hill, Wh. in Walk. Appears an erroneous
record.

Berks. Boar’s Hill, Frilford. In all the border counties,

Orv. LVIII. PRIMULACEA, Vent.

LYSIMACHIA. L.

L. vulgaris, L. Yellow Loosestrife.

Top. Bot. 336. Syme, E. B. vii. 144. 1161. Nym. 599.

Native. Paludal. River-banks. Local, not rare, P. June-Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794.

2, Ouse. Mixbury.

8. Swere. First bridge over Cherwell towards King’s Sutton, just
beyond Franklin’s Knob, Twyford, T. Bees. Wykham Brook,
E.. Walford.

4. Ray. Otmoor, Sib. Kidlington, Islip, near Bicester, H. Bos.
Parson’s Pleasure, IT. Thurland. Oxford, Hb. Lawson. North
side of Magdalen College Meadow, Hb. Bu. Heyford, Rev. E..
Fox, very fine! Rousham, Stow Wood.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 243

5. Isis, South Leigh, Binsey Lane, Sib. Botley Roadside, Bx. Minster
Lovell, Coggs, F. Westell. Between Wytham and Eynsham,
H. Bos.! Camalside Oxford; at intervals on the river-banks from
Eynsham to Kelmscott; in a marsh near Duke’s Lock, six feet high.

6. Thame. Tiddington, A. Fr. Long Meadow! Bz. Sandford!
Nuneham! H. Bos. Dorchester, Rev. F. Bennett. Iffley.

7. Thames. Goring, Maple Durham, Whitchurch, etc.

L. Nummularia, L: Moneywort. Creeping Jenny.

Top. Bot. 337. Syme, E. B. vii. 148.1144. Nym. 599.

Native. Paludal. Wet meadows, streamsides, damp woods, Common
in low situations throughout the county. P. June-Aug.

First record, Wm. Coles in Adam in Eden, 1657.

Christ Church Meadow, Oxford! and especially abundant at Otmoor.
Some Botanists have doubted if this plant were really native on account of
its being barren, but Cardamine pratensis also rarely produces seeds. Are
these not rather instances in which the plants have become specialised in
order to acoustom themselves to a habitat frequently submerged, the one
propagating itself by runners and the other by its leaflets? In this county,
at any rate, I have no doubt of its being indigenous.

L. nemorum, L. Wood Pimpernel.

Top. Bot. 338. Syme, E. B. vii. 149. 1145. Nym. 599. Bx. 310.
Native. Sylvestral, Woods and thickets. ‘Local and rather rare,
especially in the north of the county. P. May—Aug.

First record, Wm. Coles, 1657.

2. Ouse. Mixbury Plantation, R. C. Pryor.

4. Ray. Stow Wood, Wm. Coles, 1657! 1885. Headington Wick
Copse, Bx. and Walk.

5. Isis. Near Chipping Norton, Gull. Woods about Church Hand-
borough! Bz. Pinsley Wood, Wychwood.

6. Thame. Shotover, Bz./ still there in 1885.

7. Thames. Stokenchurch, Sib.’ Nettlebed, A. Fr./ Wormsley,
Henley, Br./ Shirburn, Watlington, Cowleaze, Ipsden.

Berks. Bagley, Rev. E. Fox. Streatley.

SAMOLUS. L.

S. Valerandi, L.

Top. Bot. 339. Syme, E. B. vii. 155. 1151. Nym. 600. Bx. 11.

Native. Paludal. Ditches in marshy situations. Very rare, nearly
extinct. P. June-Aug. :

First record, Bobart in Morison, 1699.

Planta heteroclita rotundifolia minus crenati Beccabung. foliis penta-
petala, capsula alstnes quinquefida, Morison, ii. 324. 5. 3, described as two
separate species by error. See Ray (Dill.), p. 283.

R2
244 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

4. Ray. Peat Bog under Headington Wick Copse, Std. Ditto,
A, Tayler, Esq. Meadow between Oddington and the Grange, Br.
1820. Cherwell banks between Magdalen Bridge and King’s Mill,
W. H. Baxter. Cherwell Meadows near Marston Ferry, 1885.

5. Isis. On north side of right-hand side of ditch going from Hey-
field’s Hut and Port Meadow, Bz. 1820.

6. Thame. In fossis prope Ptochodochium D. Bartholemei et propepagum
Cowley, J. Bobart. Bog under Bullingdon, Hb. Lawson. Ditch
in Cowley Marsh, Sib. Ditto, H. Bos., 1861, still there in 1885.

Berks. Easthampstead, Bx. Northants, rare. Gloster, Warwick.

ANAGALLIS. L.

A. ceerulea, Schreb. Blue Pimpernel.

Syme, E. B. vii. 151. 1147. Nym. 6or.

Native. Agrestal. Cultivated fields. Rare. A. June-Nov.

First record, Purkinson’s Theatrum, 1640.

2. Ouse. Cottisford Heath, T. Brayne.

3. Swere. Middleton Stoney, Sib., do. F. T. Richards, 1883.

4, Ray. Steeple Aston, Rev. H. Fox. Between Kidlington and Wood-
stock, H. Bos. Weed in St. John’s Gardens, Botanic Garden,
etc. Tackley.

5. Isis. Charlbury, Sib. Botley, Parkinson. Fawler, T. Westcombe.
Burford, Prof. Daubeny. Tangley, Bicheno.

6. Thame. Beyond Cowley Marsh and on Bullingdon Green, Rev. W.
Kay in Walk. Dorchester, Rev. F. Bennett.

Berks. South-west of South Hinksey, Bx. Wootton Fields, Hd. Br.
Mus.

A.arvensis, L. | Pimpernel. A. phenicca, Lk.

Top. Bot. 339. Syme, E. B. vii. 150.1146. Nym. 601. Bx. 29.

Native. Agrestal. Cultivated fields. Common. A. May-Nov.

First record, Plot. 1677, with white flowers. Also in Cowley Field white
flowers J. Bobart in Ray, ed.ii. Dorchester, Rev. F. Bennett, and var. carnea,
Schrank at Dorchester, Bennett. Headington, Whitchurch, Chinnor, etc.

A. tenella, L. Bog Pimpernel.

Syme, E. B. vii. 152. 1148. Nym. 601.

Native. Uliginal. Peat bogs. Veryrare. P. July, Aug.

First record, Sib. 1794.

4. Ray. Under Headington Wick Copse, Sid. / 1885. Most abundant
on slope of ground recently cleared, Marston near the Ferry.

5. Isis. Ramsden Heath, 7. Westcombe. Southcombe, T. Bees.
Clanfield, Hb. Br.

6. Thame. Bullingdon Green, Sib./ 1885. Riverside Iffey, Hb.
Lawson. Railside near Wheatley Tunnel.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 245

Berks. Buckland, H. Bos. Bagley Wood, Frilford.
Mr. Watson accidentally omitted this from Top. Bot.

CENTUNCULUS. L.
Cc. minimus, L. Small Chaff'weed.
Top. Bot. 383. Syme, E. B. vii. 153.1149. Nym.6o01. Bx. 296.
Native. Ericetal. Damp heathy ground. Very rare. A. June-
Aug.
First record, Honxble. J. Leicester Warren, 1872.
7. Thames. Binfield Heath. Still there with Radiola, 1885.

Berks. Sonningwell, Dr. Iightfoot. Bucks, Warwick.

HOTTONIA. L.

H. palustris, Z. Water Violet.

Top. Bot. 336. Syme, E. B. vii, 130. 1128. Nym. 602. Bx. 421.

Native. Lacustral. Ditches and slow streams. Locally abundant.
P. May, June.

First record, Wm. Coles, 1657, ‘Hooded Water Milfoil about Oxford’
and Millefolium aquaticum floridum, Water Gillyflower. In all the
ditches about Oxford, Merrett, 1667.

4, Ray. Magd. Coll. Meadow, Bx. Cherwell above the Parks, H. Bos.

Marston Fields.

5. Isis. Ditches round Ch. Ch. Meadow, Sib.’ Stanton Harcourt,
W. T. Dyer. Port Meadow! Bx. Bampton, Binsey, H. Bos. /
Radcot, F. Westell. Between Bainton and Burford, Rev. W.
Rufford in Purton. Near Yarnton, H. Ridley. Blenheim, Wolver-
cote, Botley, Godstow.

7. Thames. Near Goring one year only, Jas. Walker, Esq. North Stoke.

Berks. South Hinksey, Kennington, Bablock Hithe.

PRIMULA. L.

P. vulgaris, Huds. Primrose.

Top. Bot. 334. Syme, E. B. vii. 131.1129. Nym. 603.

Native. Sylvestral. Woods, thickets, hedgebanks, ete. Common and
generally distributed, especially abundant in Wychwood, Woodstock, and
the Chiltern Woods. P. March—Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794. P. acaulis, Jac.

The Primrose will probably become extirpated from many of its haunts
if the raids made at present upon it continue, thousands of roots being
yearly dug up to be sold in the streets.

Var. P. variabilis, Goup., vulgari-officinalis,Gren. Ozxlip. <A series of
hybrids of the Primrose and Cowslip is included under the above name.
The true Oxlip P. elatior of Jacquin does not occur in the county.
246 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

4. Ray. Steeple Aston, Rev. EZ. Fox. Headington Copse, Stow Wood,
Sib, elatior species. ;

5. Isis. South Leigh, Sid. Cornbury Park, H. Bos. Wilcote, Hand-
borough.

The caulescent state has been noticed in Wychwood.

P. officinalis, L. Cowslip.

Top. Bot. 334. Syme, E. B. vii. 133.1130. Nym. 603. Bx. 89.

Native. Pascual. Pastures, hedgebanks, woodsides. Common. April,
May.

First record, Sid. 1794.

The Cowslip occurs in all the districts and is especially abundant on
oolitic pastures. Magnificent specimens occurring near Lineham Camp.
It is also fine on the chalk downs, particularly on the wood borders. The
railside between Yarnton and Ascot affords a great show of them.

‘Her foot he Cumnor cowslips never stirred.’

‘But many a dingle on ihe! loved hill side

Where thick the acacia grew. ram: ARNOLD'S Thyrsis.

Orp. LIX. PLANTAGINEA, Vent.

PLANTAGO. LZ.
P. Coronopus, L. Buck’s-horn Plantain.

Top. Bot. 342. Syme, E. B. vii. 173. 1668. Nym. 617.
Native. Glareal. Dry sandy pastures, roadsides. Very rare. A.
June, July.

First record, Dillenius about 1745.

1. Stour. Tadmarton Heath, this is probably in the Swere drainage.

8. Swere. Top of Milcomb Lane on and near boundary sand wall,
T. Bees.

5. Isis. Behind the Observatory, Sib.

6. Thame. Between Cheney Lane and Shotover, Dillenius, also Br.,
1823. Bullingdon Green, Rev. E. Fox, also introduced from there
in New College Garden, Rev. Newton Young in Walk.

Berks. Wootton Heath, Boar’s Hill, Frilford. Its absence from Shot-
over and Stow Wood is rather remarkable. The enclosure of
Bullingdon Green has extirpated it, and it has also disappeared
from Cheney Lane, its old station being on a dry bank just beyond
where a small stream crosses east of the Warneford Asylum.
Coronopus must be now classed as one of our rarest plants. The
Berkshire side still yields it in fair quantity. Bucks, Gloster W.,
Warwick, Northants extinct or very rare.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 247

P. lanceolata, DL. Rib-grass.

Top. Bot. 342. Syme, E. B. vii. 160. 1164. Nym. 619.

Native. Ubiquitous. Roadsides, pastures, waste and cultivated ground.
P. May-July.

First record, Plot, 1677, with variegated leaves. With branched scape
at Cowley, 1884.

Var. Timbali, Jord.

6. Thame. Horsepath, Bullingdon.
7. Thames. Goring, Chinnor.

Var. major, Syme.

Common in grass-fields, cultivated ground, etc. I doubt its being
worth a varietal name any more than the small form with spreading
leaves and decumbent stalks, occurring in dry pastures and by roadsides.

P. media, L. Hoary Plantain.

Top. Bot. 341. Syme, E. B. vii. 169. 1165. Nym. 620.

Native. Meadows, pastures, roadsides. Common, especially on
calcareous soil. P. May-Oct.

First record, Sid. 1794.

This occasionally has decumbent spikes.

P. major, L. Way-bread.

Top. Bot. 341. Syme, E. B. vii. 167.1162. Nym.620. Bx. 207.

Native. Pascual. Pastures, waysides. Common and generally
distributed. P. June—Sept.

First record, Dillenius about 1730.

Var. intermedia, Gilib.

5. Isis. Port Meadow.

7. Thames. Nettlebed, Stokenchurch, Hb. Dill., probably overlooked

in other districts.

Var. rosea, Johnson’s, Ger. Near Oxford, T. Crapper. Between Long
Meadow and Iffley, Bx. Br. Pl. plate 207, also near Horley by Miss
Padbury in Beesley’s list.

LITTORELLA. L.

L. lacustris, L. Shore-weed.

Syme, E. B. vii. 17. 1169. Nym.620. Bx. 284.

Native. Lacustral. Pools. Very local. P. June, July.
First record, the Author, see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1881.

7. Thames. Checkendon, Binfield, Woodcote Common.

Berks. Virginia Water, Brit. Bucks, Warwick.
48 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Orv. LX. AMARANTHACEA, Br,

* Amaranthus retroflexus, L. Reich. Ic. v. 668.
Casual. Waste ground as at

3. Swere. Banbury Mill, 4. Fr.

5. Isis. Mill Wood, F. 7. Richards.

Orv. LXI. CHENOPODIACEA, Br.

* * Blitum virgatum, LD.
Casual. Appears in garden ground at Upper Heyford, Rev. E. Fox.

CHENOPODIUM. L.

Ch. rubrum, L. Red Goosefoot.

Top. Bot. 345. Syme, E. B. viii. 20. 1196. Nym. 623.

Native. Waysides, river-banks, waste places. Not uncommon. A.
July—Oct.

First record, Plot, 1677, supposing this to be correctly referred, ‘Atriplex
vulg. sinuata spicata, on dunghills about Oxford with sinuata major
amongst which we suppose it has hitherto lain hid” In Ray’s Hist. Pl.
p- 198, Ray says of Atrip. sylv. latifol. Lob. C. B., ‘His addit aliam
Atriplicis sylvestris latifolia speciem eruditissimus Vir D. Rob. Plot,
quam <Atriplicem vulgarem sinuatam spicatam appellat, que a Pede
anserino altero sive ramosiore J. B. in eo saltem differt, quod Fragiferz
instar semina in globulos congesta caulibus arcte adherentia gestet.’

3. Swere. Beesley and Gulliver no localities.

4. Ray. Ditch at back of Wadham Coll. Garden, 1844, Bx. Fencott,

Rev. M. Rogers. Near the Parks, Otmoor, Marston, Water Eaton.

5. Isis. Eynsham! Wolvercote! H. Bos. Foxcott, Osney, Port

Meadow.

6. Thame. Waterperry, 4. Fr. Cowley, Bx. Albury.

Berks. Ferry Hinksey, Marcham.

A dwarf form approaching to Watson’s pseudo Botryoides occurred in a
muddy lane near Foxcott, but the stem was erect and not much branched.

Ch. Bonus-Henricus, L. Good King Henry. Wild Spinach. Fat
Hen.

Top. Bot. 347. Syme, E. B. viii. 25. 1199. Nym. 623.

Native. Viatical. Roadsides, especially near villages. Rather local.

P. July-Sept.

First record, Sid. 1794.

3. Swere. Broughton, Adderbury, North Newington! 7. Bees.
Tadmarton, Bloxham, Barford St. John, A. Fr. Hanwell,
R. French.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 249

4, Ray. Near Bicester, Hb. Br. Mus. E. Chandler. Heyford, Rev. E.
Fox.

5. Isis. Stonesfield, Bx., not common about Oxford, Godstow, Rev. R.
Linton. Bladon, H. Bos. Port Meadow, Prof. Daubeny. Corn-
bury Quarries, Charlbury, Bruern, Foxcott.

Berks. Childswell Farm, South Hinksey.

Ch. hybridum, LZ.

Top. Bot. 23.2 346. Syme, E. B. viii. 18.1193. Nym.623. Bx. 352.

Native. Waste ground. Local andrare. A. Aug.—Oct.

First record, Sb. 1794.

8. Swere. Rubbish heap Banbury, T. Bees.

4. Ray. Weed in Bot. Gard., Bx. Back of Wadham College near the
Parks, 1844, Ba.

5. Isis. Waste ground near the Railway Station Oxford, Port Meadow,
Osney. See Rep. of Rec. Club, 1881.

Berks. Botley. Northants, Warwick.

Ch. urbicum, L.

Top. Bot. 344. Syme, E. B. viii. 19. 1199. Nym. 623.

Native (?) Rich waste ground. Very rare. A. Aug.

First record, Sib. 1794, unlocalised.

3. Swere. Beesley’s list ‘ Dunghills.’

‘My specimen is from Oxon,’ Sim. Fl. Br.

Var. C. intermedium Bab. Man., 293. M. et K.

Syme, E. B. viii. 19. 1699.

4. Ray. Heyford, Rev. £. Fox.

I have not seen this in Oxfordshire. It appears to be decreasing in
Britain.

Gloster, E. Warwick casual only.

Ch. murale, L. Nettle-leaved Goosefoot.

Top. Bot. 346. Bees. list. Syme, E. B. viii. 17.1192. Nym. 623.

Native (?) Waste ground, rubbish heaps. Very rare. A. July—Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794.

3. Swere. ‘Rubbish, A. Beesley, T. Brayne. ‘I doubt this,’
T. Bees.

5. Isis. Railway Station Oxford, W. T. Dyer Jour. Bot. 1x. Garden
ground Hythe Bridge Street, 1867, H. Boswell, now built over.

Bucks, Gloster, W., Warwick, Bree only; needs confirmation.

* Ch. opulifolium, Schrad. Nym. 624.
Casual. Waste ground. Rare. Aug.
5. Isis. Near the Great Western Railway Station, 1883.
250 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Ch. album, L.

Top. Bot. 346. Nym. 624.

Native. Waste ground, waysides, etc. Abundant and generally
distributed. A. July—Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794.

Var. C. candicans, Lam. Curt. Fl. L. 2. Syme, E. B. viii. 13. 1188.
Cornfields. Common in all the districts and fairly distinct.

Var. C. viride (L.), Reich. Syme, E. B. viii. 14. 1189.
Cultivated ground, waste places. Generally distributed. It merges by
almost insensible gradations into the next form.

Var. C. paganum, Reich. Syme, E. B. viii. 14. 1190.
C. virens, L.C. Cultivated ground, waste places, manure heaps, etc.
Widely distributed.

? Ch. ficifolium, Sm. C. viride, Curt. non L.

Top. Bot. 346. Syme, E. B. viii. 15.1191. Nym. 624.

Native (?). Waste ground, dunghills. Sibthorp 1794 no locality.
Ch. serotinum. Aug. —

T have little doubt this intends C. viride, L. var. b. of preceding species.

Bucks.

Ch. Vulvaria, L. Stinking Orache.

C. olidum, Curt. Top. Bot. 343. Syme, E. B. viii. 12.1187. Nym.
624.

Native. Rubbish heaps and waste places. Rare. A. Aug., Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794.

5. Isis. Binsey, Sib.

6. Thame. Wheatley, Rev. W. 7. Bree in Purton.

Bucks, Northants.

Ch. polyspermum, L. All Seed.

Top. Bot. 343. Syme, E. B. viii. 10. 1185. Nym. 624.

Native. Waste ground. Rare. A. July—Sept.

First record, 81d. 1794.

3. Swere. Garden ground not common acutifolium, Bees. Broughton,
Banbury, A. Fr.

4. Ray. Charlton, Rev. W. M. Rogers. Summertown, Rev. R. Linton.

5. Isis. Medley Lock, H. Bos.

6. Thame. Iffley Lock, H. Bos. Albury pond-side acutifolium.
Shotover north side, 1885.

Var. C. eymosum, Moq. Tand. Syme, E. B. viii. 11. 1635.

5. Isis. Railside Port Meadow.

Berks, Bucks, Northants, Gloster, Warwick.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 251

ATRIPLEX. L.
A. patula, L. Spreading Orach. Aggregate.
Top. Bot. 349. Nym. 626.
Native. Cultivated ground, waste places. Abundant and generally
distributed. A. July—Oct.
First record, Sid. 1794.
Beesley says ‘not common about Banbury.’

Var. A. angustifolia, Sm. A. patula, Wahl. non L.

Top. Bot. 349. Syme, E. B. viii. 29. 1202. Nym. 626.

Native. Cultivated ground, especially cornfields. Abundant and
generally distributed. A. July—Oct.

First record, unlocalised, Gulliver; also in Walker's Flora.

It is our commonest agrestal form.

A. erecta, Huds. A. patula, vera.

Syme, E. B. viii. 29. 1203. Nym. 626.

Native. Cultivated ground, especially turnip and mangold fields, waste
ground, hedge-sides, manure-heaps, ete. A. July—Oct.

First certain record, A. French, 1870.

Berks, Northants, Warwick.

A. hastata, D.
A. patula, Sm. A. Smithii,Syme. Syme, E. B. viii. 33.1205. Nym.
627.
Native. Waste ground, gardens, roadsides, etc. Common. A. July-
Sept.
First record, Sib. 1794.
Ouse. Hardwick.
. Swere. Barford, etc.
. Ray. Otmoor, Marston, etc.
Isis. Near Railway Station, A. Smithit, see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1880.
Wolvercote, Port Meadow.
6. Thame. Iffley, Dorchester, etc.
7. Thames. Nettlebed.

Berks. Botley, Abingdon, etc.

oh go Bs

A. deltoidea, Bab.

Native. Damp waste ground, river and brook sides. Not uncommon.
A. Aug—Oct.
First record, the Author, see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1880.
4. Ray. Marston Lane, Cherwell side frequent, Otmoor, Kirtlington,
near Woodstock Road Station.
5. Isis. Evenlode side near Handborough, Bruern, Port Meadow,
Rep. of Rec. Club, 1880. Eynsham, near Duke’s Lock. -
252 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

6. Thame. Iffley riverside, Dorchester, Nuneham.
7. Thames. Mongewell, Sonning.

Berks. Thames side from Oxford southwards. Bucks, Northants,
Warwick.

** A rosea, L. Nym. 628.

Casual. Waste ground [Grimsbury Wharf, A. Fr. Northants.] Great
Western Railway Station.

** Salsola Kali, LZ. Syme, E. B. iv. 8. 1630.

Casual, On waste ground between the Woodstock and Kingston Roads,
Oxford (near St. Philip’s Church), apparently on the site of a broken-up
garden, Sep. 19, 1875, W. Whitwell. Mr. Boswell suggests it was intro-
duced with sea-weed manure for an asparagus bed.

Orp. LXII. POLYGONACEA, Lind.

RUMEX, L.

R. Hydrolapathum, Huds. Great Water Dock.

Top. Bot. 357. Syme, E. B. viii. 51. 1220. Nym. 633.

Native. Paludal. River and stream sides, marshes. Abundant by
the Thame, from Henley northwards, but thins out on the Cherwell above
Heyford. It occurs also along the Thame from its entry into the county
to its junction with the Thames about Dorchester, where it is very fine.

On the Upper Thames it is also frequent. ‘ At Radcot Bridge we direct
attention to the luxurious growth of its flamboyant foliage, giving to ita
gigantic character among its lighter and more graceful neighbour, Mr.
8. C. Hall’s Book of the Thames. Mr. Wilson Saunders noticed it at
Kirtlington with leaves forty-two inches long by eight inches broad.
It is probably absent from the Stour district. It is a characteristic feature
in paintings of the Thames scenery, being especially noticeable in Keeley
Halswhelle’s pictures. P. July—Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794.

A plant with cordate leaves having a coarser reticulation and different
tint to normal Hydrolapathum was noticed between Lower Heyford and
Kirtlington, and also by the canalside near Worcester College Gardens,
but in each case the plants were destroyed before fruiting. I strongly
suspect these will prove to be R. maximus, Schreb.

R. crispus, L. Common Dock.

Top. Bot. 358. Syme, E. B. viii. 49. 1218. Nym. 633.

Native. Pastures, roadsides, waste and cultivated ground. Abundant
throughout the county. P. June-Oct.

First record, Sib. 1794.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 253

Var. R. trigranulatus, Syme.
On mud dredged from the Thames near Osney, 1885.

RB. acutus, L.

R. pratensis, M.K. RR. cristatus, Wall. Syme, B. B. viii. 47. 1216.
Nym. 634.

Native. Hedgesides. Rare or overlooked. P. June—Aug.

First record, the Author, 1884.

7. Thames. Woodcote Heath.

Berks. Boar's Hill, W. T. Dyer, 1867, Rep. of Bot. Ex. Club.

Northants, Gloster, Warwick.

R. obtusifolius, (Z.), Wall. R. Friesti, G. and G.

Top. Bot. 359. Syme, E. B. viii. 46.1215. Nym. 634. Bx. 454.

Native. Pastures, waste places, roadsides, etc. Very common. P.
July-Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794.

BR. sanguineus, Koch.

Top. Bot. 359. Syme, E. B. viii. 41. 1211. Not good. Nym. 634.

Native. Stream-banks, woods, and thickets, hedgesides. Locally
common. P. June—Sept.

Var. R. viridis, Sib. 1794. Nerves of leaf-veins green. R. nemorosus,
Schrad.
2. Ouse. Shelswell.
8. Swere. Common about Banbury, Bces. Between Milton and
Deddington, A. Fr.
Ray. Marston Wood, Magdalen College Walks,
. Isis. Bladon, ete.
. Thame. Thame, Hb. Bx. Dorchester.
. Thames. Goring, Mongewell Wood, College Wood, Sunley Wood,
Stoke Row, ete.
Berks. Bucks, Northants, Gloster, Warwick.

NOae

Var. R. sanguineus, L., Sp. Pl. Veins red.
8. Swere. Banbury, Crouch Lane, A. Ir.
4. Ray. St. Peter-in-the-East Churchyard, Bx. in Purton. Headington
Hill on left-hand side going up, Sib. First record also as 8%. in
Sm. Eng. Fi.
Walker has referred above stations to the green-veined variety by
mistake.

R. conglomeratus, Murray.
Top. Bot. 359. Syme, E. B. viii. 40.1210. Poor. Nym. 634.
254 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Native. Ditches, streamsides, marshes, etc. Common in all the
districts. P. June—Aug.
First record, Gulliver, near Hardwick, about 1820, sub nom. FR. acutus.

R. pulcher, L. Fiddle Dock.

Top. Bot. 360.. Syme, EH. B. viii. 44. 1214. Nym. 634.

Native. Viatical. Waysides, churchyards, etc. Rather rare. P.

June-Oct.

First record, Dr. Williams in Walker's Flora, 1834.

3. Swere. Adderbury, Barford, Milton, Tadmarton Churchyard,
Swalecliffe, A. Fr. Barford St. John, F. French.

5. Isis. Near Observatory, Dr. Williams. Handborough, Charlbury
Churchyard, Minster Lovell.

6. Thame. Christ Church Meadow, Dr. Williams. Iffley, Rev. 2.
Fox. ‘

Berks. Cotham. Northants, Gloster, Warwick.

R. palustris, Sm. R. Steinii, B.

Syme, E. B. viii. 43.1213. Nym. 634. Curt. F. L. 3.

Native. Paludal. Streamsides. Very rare. B. Aug., Sept.

First record, the Author, see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1881.

4. Ray. By the Ray side, Otmoor, two plants. The dredging of the
river appears to have destroyed them. I was unable to see them
in 1884.

Not in the border counties.

BR. maritimus, L. Golden Dock.

Syme, EH. B. viii. 42. 1212, Nym. 635.

Native. Paludal. Marshes. Very rare. B. July—Sept.

First record, Prof. Daubeny, about 1830.

4, Ray. Otmoor on side of road to Oddington, Prof. Daubeny and
Baxter! Blackthorn, H. Bos., 1856.

5. Isis. Near Medley Lock, H. Bos. in Hb. Br. Mus. 1866, also 1884!
Binsey Green, 1884.

6. Thame. Rycote Park, Hd. Bu. 1844.

Northants, Warwick.

R. Acetosa, LD. Common Sorrel.

Top. Bot. 361. Syme, E. B. viii. 54.1223. Nym. 635.

Native. Pascual. Pastures, meadows, etc. Very frequent. P.
May-July.

First record, Sib. 1794.

* R. seutatus, LD.

Syme, E. B. viii. 54.1222, Nym. 636.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 255

Alien. Naturalised on walls of Merton College; pointed out to me by
Mr. Patey; Rep. of Rec. Club, 1883.

R. Acetosella, L.

Top. Bot. 361. Syme, E. B. viii. 56.1224. Nym. 636.
Native. Ericetal. Dry fields, heaths, waysides. Locally common.
P. May-Aug.
First record, Sid. 1794.
1. Stour. Tadmarton.
. Ouse. Hethe, etc..
3. Swere. Between Wickham and Bodicote, Broughton, Gull. Hanwell,
Neithrop, A. Fr.
4. Ray. Upper Heyford, Stow Wood, Headington Wick, etc.
5. Isis. Bruern, North Leigh, Finstock, Ramsden, ete.
6. Thame. Shotover, H. Bos. Nuneham, Thame.
7. Thames. Mongewell, Binfield, Nettlebed, Chinnor.

Berks. Bagley, Wootton, Wytham, etc,

bp

POLYGONUM. L.
P. Convolvulus, Z. Black Bindweed.

Top. Bot. 356. Syme, EH. B. viii. 61.1227. Nym. 637.

Native. Agrestal. Cornfields and cultivated ground. Generally
distributed and rather common. A. July-—Oct.

First record, S20. 1794.

Var. P. pseudo-dumetorum, Wais.

Rich waste ground, gardens, etc.

4, Ray. Marston.

5. Isis. Ball’s Gardens, St. Philip’s, Rev. F. Bennett. Port Meadow,

Osney.
6. Thame. Headington.
7. Thames. Goring, Crowmarsh.

P. Bistorta, L. Snakeweed. Great Bistort.

Top. Bot 353. Syme, E. B. viii. 79.1243. Nym. 637. Bx. 5.

Native. Pratal. Damp meadows. Rare. P. May-Aug.

First record, Sib. 1794.

3. Swere. Swerford, Rev. HE. Fox. Poolyard, Hooknorton, Bees.
Lovell’s Lynches, R. Fr. Hanwell, A. Fr.

4. Ray. Gosford Bridge, Sid., also H. Bos. 1856. Near Bicester,
H. Bos. 1857.

5, Isis. Minster Lovell.

6. Thame. Sandford, Rev. R. Linton. Hall’s Close at Holton, Ba.

Berks. Osney Meadow, Walk. Between the Mill and Ferry Hinksey.
2.56 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

P, amphibium, L.

Top. Bot. 354. Syme, E. B. viii. 77. 1241. Nym. 636.

Native. Ponds, rivers, ditches, etc. Frequent and generally dis-
tributed. P. July—Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794.

Var. P. terrestre. Damp fields. Rather common.

. Swere. 2nd March near Canal, Gull. Mill Meadow, A. Fr.
. Ray. Heyford, Marston, Magdalen College Meadow.

. Isis. Wolvercote, H. Bos. Eynsham.

. Thame. Dorchester, Sandford.

. Thames. Mongewell.

yo WO oR oo

. lapathifolium, L.

Top. Bot. 354. Syme, E. B. viii. 75.1239. Nym. 637.

Native. Agrestal. Cultivated ground, waste places. Common. A.
July—Oct.

First record, J. Bobart, 1696, and first as British. Persicaria mitis

major foltis pallidioribus.

3. Swere. Mill Field, Gull.

4. Ray. Otmoor, Marston, Elsfield, Heyford, etc.

5. Isis. Medley Lock, H. Bos. Eynsham, Bruern, etc.

6. Thame. In the land and furrows of Headington Field above
St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, half a mile from Oxford, sufficiently
plentiful, Jacobo Bobarto, Observ. et descript., Ray, ed. ii. Cowley,
Shotover, Bullingdon, Dorchester.

7. Thames. Mongewell, Binfield, etc.

Berks. Boar’s Hill, Childswell Farm.

Var. P. maculatum, Sibth. Fl. Ox. p. 129. Spotted Stalked Snake Weed.

Persicaria latifolia geniculata, caulibus maculatis, Raii, Syn. 145.

Polygonum pensylvanicum var. caule maculato, Curt. Fl. Lond.

P. nodosum, Reich. Ic. 496. P. laxum, Bab. P. maculatum, Trim. and
Dyer.

Native. Cornfields, waste ground, river-banks, etc. Locally common.
A. July-Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794.

2. Ouse. Mixbury.

4. Ray. Otmoor abundant, Kirtlington. Marston riverside most

abundant and typical.

5. Isis. Osney, Oxford, Wolvercote, Port Meadow.

6. Thame. Iffley, Sandford.

7. Thames. Goring.

Berks. Ferry Hinksey, Kennington. Bucks, Northants, Warwick.
Both forms densum and gracile occur.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 257

Sibthorp also included a var. P. salicifolium as occurring on dunghills
and in cornfields. It is Ray’s Persicaria maculosa procumbens foliis subtis
tncanis and is not rare.

P. Persicaria, L. Persicaria.

Top. Bot. 355. Syme, E. B. viii. 74. 1251. Nym. 637.

Native. Cultivated ground, river- and ditchsides. Found abundantly
in all the districts. A. July—Oct.

First record, Sib. 1794.

Var. P. biforme, Wahl. P. elatum, Syme.

Syme, E. B. 1238.

4, Ray. Otmoor.

5. Isis. Port Meadow, Osney.

The flowers vary from white, through light pink to red purple.

Var. incana of authors ; leaves silvery white pubescence on both sides.
Also occurs as at Osney, Marston, Clattercut, Otmoor.

P. Persicaria and lapathifolium appear to me connected by a series of
forms.

P. Hydropiper, L. Water Pepper.
Top. Bot. 355. Syme, E. B. viii. 70.1234. Nym. 638.
Native. Paludal. Wet places, ditches, streamsides, etc. Not
uncommon. A. Aug.—Oct.
First record, Sib. 1794.
83. Swere. Cherwell side near the Bridge, Gull. Banbury, Hardwick ~
Road, A. Fr.
. Ray. Otmoor.
. Isis. Port Meadow, Osney, Bruern.
. Thame. Thame, Hb. Br. Albury, Iffley, Dorchester.
. Thames. Woodcote, Checkendon, Sonning.

Berks. Bagley Wood, Ferry Hinksey, Wytham.

“IED OF

P. mite, Schrk.
Top. Bot. 355. Syme, E. B. viii. 73. 1236. Nym. 638.
Native. Paludal. Ditch- and streamsides. Local. A. June—Sept.

First record, W. Baxter, 1839.
4. Ray. Magdalen Meadow, Bx. Otmoor, Marston, and a semi-

prostrate form.
5. Isis. Ditch round Ch. Ch. Meadow, Br. 1829. Port Meadow, Hb.

Lawson! also Dyer. Jour. Bot. ix. Osney, Godstow.
6. Thame. Long Meadow, Bz. /
Berks. South Hinksey, Br. 1839. Ferry Hinksey, Northants.
P. minus, Huds.

Top. Bot. 355. Syme, E. B. viii. 72.1235. Nym. 638.
Ss
258 ‘FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Native. Inundatal. Wet meadows and marshy ground. Local and

rare. A. Aug.—Oct.

First record, Sib. 1794.

4, Ray. Otmoor, Sib. / 1884. Summertown, Rev. R. Linton.

5. Isis. Port Meadow opposite Lower Wolvercote, 1820, Ba. in Purton/
1884. Ramsden Heath, Hb. Br. Mus. col. J. Westcombe, 1846.
Binsey, H. Bos./ 1884.

Our plant has the leaves broader than represented in H. B.

Berks. South Hinksey, H. Bos. Northants.

P. aviculare, L. Knot-grass.

Top. Bot. 356. Nym. 639.

Native. Cultivated and waste ground, roadsides, gardens, etc.
Abundant and universally distributed. A. June-Oct.

First record, Sib. 1794.

The distribution of the varieties has been only imperfectly ascertained.

Var. P. agrestinum, Jord.

Cowley, see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1883. Bullingdon, Great Haseley,
Mongewell.

Var. P. rurivagum, Jord. Cornfields.

Syme, E. B. viii. 67. 1231.

Cowley, Great Milton, Eynsham, Woodstock, Binfield, Goring.

Var. P. vulgatum.

Syme, E. B. viii. 65. 1229.

Common on waste ground, roadsides, footpaths, etc.

Var. P. arenastrum, Bor.

Syme, viii. 65. 1230.

Waste ground, cornfields, etc.

Port Meadow, Bullingdon, Iffley, Haseley, Littlemore.

* P. Fagopyrum, DL. Buck Wheat.

Comp. Cyb. 556. Syme, E. B. viii. 59. 1226. Nym. 639.

Casual. Woods, waste places. A. July, Aug.

First record, Sib. 1794.

3. Swere. Beesley’s list. Cultivated fields.

5. Isis. Combe, Sib. Charlbury, Rev. R. Linton. Osney, Mill Wood.

Introduced with pheasant food
6. Thame. Near Iffley, H. Underhill.

Orv. LXITI. THYMELEA, Juss.
DAPHNE. L.
D. Laureola, L. Spurge Laurel.
Top. Bot. 362. Syme, E. B. viii. 86. 1247.

Native. Sylvestral. Woods, hedges. Local and rather rare. Sh.
Feb.-April. ‘
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 259

First record, Sir Jos. Banks, 1760.

3. Swere. Wickham, A. Bees. Crouch: Lane, Broughton, A. Fr.
Wroxton, 0. V. Aplin.

4, Ray. Near Oxford, Sir Jos. Banks. Headington Wick! Rev. R.
Linton. Noke to Beckley.

5. Isis. Wychwood! H. Bos. Finstock, Sarsgrove.

6. Thame. Shotover, Sib. / 1884.

7. Thames. Henley, Sib./ Ewelme, Newb. Aston Wood, Holland-
ridge Lane, Great Wood, Ibstone, Aston Wood, Hardwick, Whit-
church, Maple Durham.

Berks. Cumnor.

D. Mezereum, L. Mezereon.

Syme, E. B. viii. 84.1246. Nym. 640. Bx. 96.
Native. Sylvestral. Woods. Native on the Chilterns and possibly in

Wychwood ; bird-sown elsewhere. Sh. March-April.

First record, Mr. Wheeler in Sm. Eng. Fl. 1824.
2. Ouse. Ardley Wood, Miss Grifith/ a single plant.

. Swere. Worton Wood, 7. Bees. ‘ Pratt.’

5. Isis. Wychwood, Mr. Wheeler in Sm. Eng. Fl. Hilcock’s Coppice,
Wychwood, 7. Westcombe.

6. Thame. Shotover, 1832, R. C. Pryor, a single specimen.

7. Thames. Kingston Wood, Miss Beatrice Taylor. Stokenchurch
Woods, wood near Chequers’ Common, woods near Cadmore End.
Native. See Rep. of Rec. Club, 1883.

Berks. Appleton Common, destroyed 1857, H. Bos. Tubney, Bisham,
Frilsham, Eaton Stibble, Brit. Bucks, Wycombe Woods, Ham-
bledon Woods.

w

Orp. LXIV. “SAN TALACESA, Br.

THESIUM. L.

T. humifusum, DC. Toad-flax.

. linophyllum, L.

Top. Bot. 362. Syme, E. B. viii. 88.1248. Nym. 643. Bx. 263.

Native, Pascual. Dry, chalky, and limestone pastures. Rare. P.

June—Aug.

First record, Dr. Lightfoot, about 1770.

6. Thame. In old gravel-pit by the roadside between Bayswater and
Stanton St. John, Sid. and Bz. Specimen in Hb. Sherard, 1798.

7. Thames. Caversham, Dr. Lightfoot. MS. note in Huds. Fl. Ang.
Spec. in Hb. Br. Mus. Goring, Hb. R. Linton. Along the Grime’s
Dyke.

Berks. Streatley, Isley, near Lowbury. Bucks, Gloster E.

82
260 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Orv. LXV. ARISTOLOCHIE, E.

[Asarum europeum, L. Asarabacca.

Top. Bot. [23]. Syme, E. B. viii. go. 1249. Nym. 645. Bx. 250.

Extinct. Woods. 2

5. Isis. Eynsham Commom, Parkinson’s Theatrum, 1640. Extinct.

Wild near Oxford, Sowerby’s Herb., Rev. Dr. Abbott.

‘Mountainous woods, rare between Henley and Maidenhead. The
drawing in Z. B. from plant from this locality collected by Dr. Abbott,
1802,’ either in Bucks or Berks.

‘Bucks, Berks, with Oxford more dubiously,’ Comp. Cyb. 613.]

* Aristolochia Clematitis, L. Birthwort.

Comp. Cyb. 557. Syme, E. B. viii. 91.1250. Nym. 645. Bx. 28.

Denizen. Waste places, hedges near ruins. Rare. Sh. June—Sept.

First record, 87d. 1794.

5. Isis. Godstow, Sid., also with Tipula pennicornis, 1812, Bx. Journ.
Bot. vol. ix., Dyer, see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1880! 1885. Kencott,
Dr. Goodenough in Bot. Guide.

6. Thame. Studley Priory, R. Walker.

Berks. Ina hedge near Windsor, Mr. Gotobed.

(Empetrum nigrum, L. Crowberry. Sutton Park, Warwick.]

Orp. LXVI. EUPHORBIACEA, A. Juss.

* Buxus sempervirens, L. Box Tree.

Syme, E. B. viii. 95. 1252. Comp. Cyb. 558. Nym. 646. Bx. 42.

Alien. Occurs only as a planted shrub. April, May.

It is well naturalised at Bayswater and Goring.

Berrockshire que paga taliter vocatur a ‘berroc’” sylva ubi buxus
abundantissime nascitur, Asser’s Life of Alfred, Phyt. iv. 873, 0. s.

MERCURIALIS. L.

M. perennis, D. Dog's Mercury.

Top. Bot. 366. Syme, E. B. viii. 114.1268. Nym. 646. Bx. 143.

Native. Sylvestral, septal. Woods, thickets, hedgerows. Common
and generally distributed; less frequent in the Chiltern Woods.  P.
March-May.

First record, Sib. 1794.

Baxter found Uredo confluens on this plant about Oxford.

* M. annua, L. French Mercury.
Top. Bot. 366. Syme, E. B. viii. 115. 1269. Nym. 647.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 261

Alien. Waste ground. Veryrare. A. Aug.

First record, Std. 1794. No one else appears to have noticed it in Oxford.
It occurs as a weed in the Botanic Garden, where probably Sibthorp saw it.
It has properly no place in our Flora.

Berks. On the loop railway line just below Reading, F. Tufnail/

Gloster W.
EUPHORBIA. L.

E. helioscopia, L. Sun Spurge. Wart-wort.

Top. Bot. 363. Syme, E. B. viii. 99. 1254. Nym. 651. Bx. 368.

Native. Agrestal. Waste and cultivated ground. Frequent in gardens
and generally distributed. A. July—Sept.

First record, S810. 1794.

Baxter found Uredo Helioscopie, DC. on it about Oxford.

E. amygdaloides, L. Wood Spurge.

Top. Bot. 366. Syme, E. B. viii. 105. 1260. Nym. 651.
Native. Sylvestral. Woods, hedgerows, thickets. Locally common.

P. April-June.

First record, Sib. 1794.

1. Stour. Absent (?).

2. Ouse. Ardley Wood, rare.

3. Swere. Absent (?).

4. Ray. Stow Wood, Sib./ Beckley, Noke (absent from Piddington
Wood), Headington Wick, very fine.

. Isis. Tarwood, Sib. Woodstock, Daubeny/ Copse near Ashford
Mills, abundant at Hailey with @cidiwm Euphorbie, Pers., Br.
Wychwood, Gull./ Mill Wood, Ditchley.

6. Thame. Shotover, Sib. /

7. Thames. Maple Durham, J. Carroll, Hb. Br. Mus. Near Shiplake,
Nettlebed, 4. Fr. Stokenchurch, Hb. Bx. Pangbourne, Goring,
Binfield, Withy Coppice, Queen’s Wood, Penley Wood abundant
and fine, Sunley Wood, Vernal’s Wood, Ibstone, Ipsden, etc.

Berks. Bagley Wood.

The leaves of the rosettes are sometimes very hairy.

oO

[E. Cyparissias, Z. Syme, E. B. viii. 107.
Garden ground, Freeland, Oxon, Rev. F. Bennett !/
Open slope close to wood, Sulham, Berks, F. Tufnail.}

E. Peplus, L. Petty Spurge.

Top. Bot. 365. Syme, E. B. viii. 111. 1265. Nym. 654.

Native. Agrestal. Cultivated ground, etc. Common in all the dis-
tricts. A. July—Nov.

First record, Sib. 1794.
262 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

EB. exigua, L.

Top. Bot. 365. Syme, E. B. viii. 112. 1266. Nym. 654.

Native. Agrestal. Cornfields, waysides, gardens, ete. Common in
all the districts, especially the Thames. A. or B. July—Nov.

First record, Sib. 1794.

Very variable. A biennial form occurred in fields on the chalk downs,
and another with very acute leaves near Chinnor. The form with truncate
leaves, E. retusa, D C., should be looked for as well as the plant with leaves
three-lobed at apex, i.e. E. rubra.

E. platyphyllos, L.

Top. Bot. 364. Syme, E. B. viii. 100. 1255.

Only record, Pryor in Top. Bot. 1883. No locality.
Northants, Thornborough. Berks, Gloster E.

* E. Lathyris, L. Caper Spurge.

Comp. Cyb. 558. Syme, E. B. viii. 113.1267. Nym. 655.

Alien. Waste ground. Rare. P. June—Aug.

4. Ray. Summertown, Rev. R. Linton.

5. Isis. Near the Great Western Railway Station, Oxford.

Berks. In several places about Upton near Reading, springing up
periodically for a year or two after the bushes have been cut down,
and until choked by briars, Rev. Dr. Beeke. Northants, wild,
Wakerley Wood.

Orv. LXVII. PLATANEA, Lestib.

* Platanus orientalis, D. and P. occidentalis, L. The Plane.
Frequently as a planted tree about Oxford.

Orv. LXVIII. URTICACEA, E.

URTICA. L.
U. dioica, L. Stinging Nettle.
Top. Bot. 367. Syme, E. B. viii. 127.1279. Nym. 657. Bx. 208.
Native. Waste places, hedges, etc. Abundant in all the districts. P.
July, Aug.
First record, Sib. 1794.

U. urens, L. Small Stinging Nettle.

Top. Bot. 367. Syme, E. B. viii. 131.1282. Nym. 657.

Native or Colonist. Waste ground, especially near villages. Generally
distributed, but much less common than preceding species. A. June—Sept.

First record, Plot, 1677, ‘ with striped leaves.’
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 263

- PARIETARIA. L.
P. diffusa, M.K. Pellitory of the Wall.

Top. Bot. 367. Syme, E. B. viii. 126.1278. Nym. 658. Bx. 224.
Native. Old walls, hedgebanks, etc, Common and recorded from all
the districts. P. June—Sept.
First record, Sib. 1794. P. officinalis, L.
1. Stour. Sibford.
. Ouse. Mixbury.
. Swere. Wroxton, Broughton, Adderbury, Bees.
. Ray. Elsfield, Islip, Piddington, New College Lane, ete.
. Isis. Plentiful about Oxford, Godstow, Charlbury, etc.
. Thame. Iffley, Dorchester, etc.
. Thames.. Goring, Ilvingden Farm, etc.

NO oP wD

HUMULUS. L.

H. Lupulus, L. Hop.

Top. Bot. 367. Syme, E. B. viii. 133.1284. Nym. 658. Bx. 342.

Denizen or native. Septal. Hedges and thickets. Not uncommon.

P. July, Aug.

First record, Sib. 1794.

1. Stour. Tadmarton.

2. Ouse. Mixbury.

3. Swere. Not common. West Street, between Mill Meadow and
Grimsbury, Bees, Bloxham, Broughton Road, Swerford, A. Fr.

4. Ray. Wood Eaton, Rev. R. Linton. Kirtlington, Heyford, Marston
Lane, Oddington, near Wadham College.

5. Isis. Binsey Lane, Sib./ Freeland, Fawler, Charlbury, Foxcott,
Mill Wood, Cornbury, Kelmscott.

6. Thame. Iffey, Hb. Lawson. Thame, Hb. Bx. Wheatley.

7. Thames. Caversham, A. Fr. Ibstone, A. Irvine. Goring, Chinnor,
Ipsden, etc.

Berks. Medley Grove, Sid, Cummnor, Ferry Hinksey.

** Cannabis sativa, DL. Hemp.

Cyb. Br. ii. 372. iii. 506. Syme, E. B. viii. 1283.

Casual. Waste ground. Rare. A. Aug.

Near Great Western Railway Station, Port Meadow, Iffley, Bul-
lingdon.

Orv. LXIX. ULMACE, Mirb.

ULMUS. L.
U. montana, With. Wych Elm.
Top. Bot. 368. Syme, E, B. viii. 141.1287. Nym. 659. Bx. 386.
264 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Denizen or native. Woods and hedges. Tree. March, April.
First record, Sib. 1794. U. effusa, W.
1. Stour. Tadmarton, etc.
2. Ouse. Shelswell, etc.
8. Swere. Banbury, Bloxham, A. Fr. Common, Shutford, etc.
4. Ray. Marston Lane, Sib.! Magdalen College Elm, Walk. Between
Summertown and Water Eaton, Bx. Oddington, Headington Hill,
Tackley, Magdalen Grove.
5. Isis. South Leigh, Sid. In a copse near Ashford Mills, Ba.
Freeland, Wychwood, Woodstock, Christ Church Meadow.
6. Thame. Shotover, between Oxford and Iffley, Bx. Thame, Hb. Bz.
Wheatley, Horsepath, Nuneham, Baldon, Dorchester, Tetsworth.
7. Thames. Large tree, Checkendon, Whitchurch, Chinnor, Binfield,
Cookley Green.
The Magdalen College Elm measured, at two feet from the ground,
27 feet 4 in., breast high, 21 feet, R. Walk., 1831.

In Oxfordshire the common people speak of the Wych Elm as a charm,
against witches, and that a person under the spell of witchcraft will be
cured if struck nine times with a bough of this tree, Phyt., n. s. vii. 167.

Var. U. major, Reich. Syme, E. B. 2542.

3. Swere. Near Broughton.
4. Ray. Tackley, etc.

Var. U. nitida, Syme. ‘Branches without corky excrescences, leaves
shining and glabrous above.’

6. Thame. Headington, etc.

U. campestris, (Z.) Sm. Elm.

Top. Bot. 368. Syme, E. B. viii. 137.1285. Nym. 659.

Denizen or native. Hedges, woods, etc. Abundant. Tree. March,
April. U. suberosa, Ebrh.

First record, Plot, 1677.

‘Sir Thomas White, Lord Mayor of London, was warned in a dream he
should build a college close to a triple elm, whereon he retired to Oxford
end first met with something near Gloucester Hall that seemed to answer
his dream. But afterwards finding another elm near St. Bernard’s College,
supprest not long before by King Henry VIII, more exactly to answer the
circumstances of his dream, he left off at Gloucester Hall and built
St. John Baptist College, which with the very tree besides it flourishes to
this day,’ Plot, p. 177.

‘On Binsey Common stood an elm at the spurs next the ground at
least six yards diameter,’ Plot, 169.

‘A great old elm formerly grew in Magdalen College Grove disbarked
quite round, at most places 2 feet, at some at least a yard or 4 foot
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 265

from the ground, which for many years flourished as well as any tree in
the Grove,’ Ibid.

Mongewell celebrated for its fair woods in Leland; the principal tree
is 79 feet high, 14 feet in circumference at three feet from the ground, 65 in
extent of boughs, and contains 265 feet of solid timber. Bears an in-
scription, ‘To the memory of my vald. friends, T. Tyrwhitt and Rev. C.
M. Cracherode—

In this once favoured walk, beneath these elms,
Whose thickened foliage to the solar ray
Impervious, sheds a venerable gloom,
Oft in instructive converse we beguiled
The time which each returning year
To friendships call devoted.
Such things were; But are alas no more.’
S. Dunzum. Strutt. Sylv. Br.

Plot says ‘on Bletchingdon Green there was an elm of so capacious a
hollow trunk, that it once gave reception to a poor... woman, excluded
of all the houses in the parish to prevent her bringing a charge onit; who
was delivered in it of a son.’

A fine tree 27 feet in girth in Holton Park, now very hollow.

A handsome tree in Clanfield village.

The Magdalen Grove Elms are of this species.

Var. structa, Lindl. U. glabra, Sm.

Syme, E. B. viii. 138. 1286.

U. folio angusto glabro, Plot, with smooth leaves, differs from U. minor
of Parkinson and Gerard, but also from their U. folio glabro; at Hanwell,
there is a whole walk of them besides others that grow wild in the coppices
of the Park.

3. Swere. Hanwell as above, Bloxham, see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1883.

6. Thame. Cowley.

The richness of the Elms is particularly noticeable in the Thames valley
from Mongewell southwards.

Berks. ‘The signal elm that looks on Isley downs,

The single elm tree bright against the west.’ M. ARNOLD.

Orp. LXX. CUPULIFERA, Rich.

PAGUS. L.
F. sylvatica, L. The Beech.

Top. Bot. 370. Syme, E. B. viii. 164.1291. Nym. 660. Bx. 331.
Native. Sylvestral. Woods on the Chilterns, plantations, hedges, and
parks elsewhere. Tree. March, April.
266 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

First record, W. Coles, in Adam in Eden, 1657.

‘The Beech delighteth to grow in some places and not in others, for as
in the Chiltern country no wood is more familiar, so in others, not far from
it, the tree is a great rarity, as in Oxon where there is one growing
between Oxford and Banbury, which is so famous that it is noted all over
that county, and called the Beechen Tree, there being scarcely a traveller
that goes by but takes special notice of it; ye fame makes many Visit it,
though it be somewhat out of the way, to cut their name upon the smooth
bark so that now it is full of letters that there is scarcely any space left.

‘First heath behind Reading on the way to Oxford,’ Merrett, 1666.

‘ At Cain End there are two beeches more strangely joined together »
great height from the ground, for the bodies of these trees come from
different roots and ascend parallel to the top, but are joined together a
little before they come to bough, by a transverse piece of timber entering
at each end into the bodies of the trees and growing jointly with them, for
which reason it is commonly called the Gallows tree,’ Plot, 173.

The Beech occurs in all the districts, but in the Stour, Ouse, and probably
the Swere and Ray, only as a planted tree. It is likely a native of
Wychwood. In the Forest and Park there are some fine specimens. In
the Thame district it is as an introduced tree that it occurs, although
seedlings here, as in other districts, are not unfrequent. On the Chilterns
it is native, and forms the principal timber in the extensive coppices and
woodlands ; some fine trees may been seen in Ipsden Woods. The timber
is used in the manufacture of chairs which is carried on at Wycombe, large
quantities are partly prepared at Christmas Common, etc.

Bucks, Berks, native. Gloster E., probably native. Northants,
denizen. Warwick, planted.

CASTANEA. G.
* C. sativa, Will. Sweet Chestnut.
C.Vesca, Lm. C. vulgaris, Lam.
Syme, E. B. viii. 159. 1290. Comp. Cyb. 560. Nym. 660.
Denizen. Plantations. Rare. Tree. May.
8. Swere. Wroxton, Gull. Great Tew, between Bloxham and Tad-
marton, A. Fr.
5. Isis. Freeland, Wychwood.
6. Thame. Nuneham, A. Fr.
** Juglans regia, L. Walnut.
Alien. Occurs as a planted tree in Cornbury Park, etc.

QUERCUS. L.
Q. pedunculata, Ehrh. The Oak.

Syme, E. B. viii. 145.1288. Nym. 660,
Native. Woods, hedgerows, etc. Common. Tree. April, May.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 267

First record, Plot, 1677.

‘There was a hollow oak at Kidlington Green which was frequently
used before the death of Judge Morton, before whose house it stood, for
the imprisoning vagabonds and other inferior malefactors for the space of
a night or so, till they conveniently might be had to the Gaol at Oxford ;
of which the hollow was so large within that it would receive 8 or Io
commodiously enough, the tree being 25 foot round the spurs.’ Plot
also refers to the discovery on Binfield Heath ‘in a pond of a parcel
of subterranean oaks, very fine and sound, but quite through to the heart
as black as ebony.’ Plot says ‘ there is an oak between Nuneham Court-
ney and Clifton, which from bough end to bough end stretches 81 feet.
In circumference 243 feet, shading 560 square yards of ground.’

‘ At Ricot there was an oak somewhat bigger, by the Author of Dodona’s
Grove, called his Robur Britannicum, whose branches covered 972 square
feet,’ Plot, 1677. :

‘One of the finest specimens of pollard oak ever grown in England was
sold lately at Liverpool. Its trunk was 14 feet in length and 21 feet in
circumference, its actual weight, inclusive of the root, being 13 tons
7 cwt. This tree, which was grown near Chipping Norton, is to be
used for furniture. It was opened at the Brunswick Saw Mills, and
presented a rich brown appearance, resembling in every appearance
tortoiseshell, and being perfectly free from shake, the tree is calculated
to cut 70,000 feet of veneers, their value being estimated at 500 guineas,’
Weekly Times, Jan. 23, 1876.

Dr. Stukely in his Jtinerarium Curtosum says, the Magdalen College
Oak ‘is still standing, nigh to which the founder ordered his college to be
built.” Magdalen was founded in 1448. The treefellin 1789. Its girth
was 21 feet 9 inches, the height about 72 feet. Evelyn in his Sylva,
1662, states that ‘the branches shoot sixteen yards from the stem.
Plot observes ‘that the branches cover a space of 768 square yards,
and that 256 horses might stand under that tree, or allowing two square
feet for a man, 3456 men,’ Plot, 158. There is a fine tree in Cornbury
Park whose trunk, at two feet from the ground, measures over 27 feet.

About Woodperry, in 1884, the trees were much infested with the round
smooth gall, Cynips linicola. In Wychwood the oak spangles were fre-
quent.

Q. sessilifiora, (Sisb.) Leight. Durmast Oak.

Syme, E. B, viii. 157. 1289. Nym. 660.

Native (?). Coppices, plantations. Tree. Apr., May.

First record, J. Bobart. Quercus latifolia mas que brevi pedunculo est,
C. B. P. 419. In Bagley Wood and divers other places (Bagley is in
Berks), Ray, ed. ii. 1696.

8. Swere. Bodicote Road, Gull.

5. Isis. Wychwood, North Leigh.
268 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

6. Thame. Thame, Hb. Br. Stanton St. John ‘with stalkless
leaves.” Between Shotover and Cuddesdon ‘the latter with
longish tiled imbricated scales, R. Walk.

* Quercus Tex, Z. The Evergreen Oak and Q. Cerris, L. Turkey Oak.

Occur in parks and plantations.

CARPINUS. L.
C. Betulus, L. Hornbeam.

Top. Bot. + 371. Syme, E. B. viii. 176.1293. Nym. 662. Bx 234.

Native on the chalk, planted elsewhere. Tree. May.

First record, Gull. 1820.

3. Swere. Berry Moor, Gull. Notwild, Bees. Bodicote Road, R. Fr.
Broughton, provincialis.

4. Ray. Between Oxford and Summertown, Br. Magdalen College

: Walks.

5. Isis. Christ Church Meadow and var. provincialis,Gay. Wych-
wood.

6. Thame. Shotover, planted.

7. Thames. Woodcote, Aston, Chinnor, Stokenchurch, Ibstone, etc.,
wild.

Berks. Near Remenham. Bucks, native. Northants, probably native.
Gloster W. Warwick, planted.

CORYLUS. L.

C. Avellana, L. Hazel.

Top. Bot. 372. Syme, E. B. viii. 178. 1294. Nym. 663. Bx. 193.

Navive. Sylvestral. Woods, thickets, hedges. Common throughout
the county, abundant in many of the Chiltern Woods. Shrub or Tree.
March, April.

First record, Plot, 1677, ‘in a pond at Rotherfield Peppard some oaks
were found with the wood black to the centre and with the trees also
plenty of hazel-nuts which Time’s iron teeth had not yet cracked.’

Orv. LXXI. SALICINEA, Rich.

POPULUS. L.
P. alba, L. White Poplar.
Comp. Cyb. 312. Syme, E. B. viii. 192. 1299. Nym. 663.
Denizen. Sylvestral. Woods, hedges. Notverycommon. Tree. April.

First record, Plot, ‘The Abele tree was advantageously propagated at
Waterstock, 1677.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 269

3. Swere. Near Cropredy, ete.

4. Ray. Otmoor, Rep. of Rec. Club, 1881. Parsons’ Pleasure, etc.
5. Isis. Handborough.

6. Thame. Near Iffley.

P. canescens, Sm. Grey Poplar.
Syme, E. B. viii. 149. 1300. Nym. 663.
Denizen. Sylvestral. Tree. March, April.
In Walker's Flora unlocalised, 1834.
. Stour. Tadmarton.
. Ouse. Bucknell,
. Ray. Noke, near Kidlington.
. Isis. Eynsham. |
. Thame. Dorchester.
. Thames. Woodcote.
Dr. F. Arnold Lees noticed near Shiplake four trees of some size by the
Thames which he thinks are var. denudata, Braun referred to P. hybrida,
M. B. in Reich. Icones.

NAAR DY

P. tremula, L. Aspen.

Top. Bot. 373. Syme, E. B. viii. 196. 1301. Nym. 664.

Native. Sylvestral. Woods, hedges. Sparingly distributed through
the county, and usually as a planted tree. March.

First record, Sib. 1794.

Var. glabra, Syme.

4, Ray. Headington Wick, Magdalen College Walks.
5. Isis. Bladon Wood, see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1880.

Var. villosa, Lang. Reich. Exc. 1633. ‘

4. Ray. Otmoor, Marston Fields, Headington Wick, native.
5. Isis. Wychwood, native.

6. Thame. Woodcote, Shotover.

* P. nigra, L. Black Poplar.

Comp. Syb. 561. Syme, E. B. viii. 198. 1302. Nym. 664. Bx. 506.

Denizen. Hedges, ete. Not uncommon. Tree. March.

First record, Sib. 1794.

Baxter noticed Erysiphe adunca, Uredo Populina, Grev., Hrineum
Populin., Spheria centhocarpa, E. aurewm and Xylonia populinum on
this tree in Cowley Marsh.

1. Stour. Sibford.

3. Swere. Hanwell, North Newington, A. Fr.

4, Ray. Near Heyford, Otmoor, Rep. of Rec. Club, 1881. Bayswater,

planted commonly in Marston Meadow. Magdalen College
Meadow.
270 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

5. Isis. Binsey, Foxcott, Christ Church Meadow, Wychwood, Eynsham.
Self-sown seedlings on mud dredged from river, Osney.
6. Thame. Cowley! Bx. Dorchester, Shotover.

7. Thames, In Park Corner.

Var. fastigiata. The Lombardy Poplar.
Alien. Only as a planted tree throughout the county.

* P. balsamifera, L. A North American tree, is occasionally planted in

various situations in the county as at Park Corner near Nettlebed, The
Parks, etc.

SALIX. L.
S. pentandra, L. Bay-leaved Willow.
Top. Bot. 23, apparently planted. Syme, E. B. viii. 202. 1303. Nym. 665.
Doubtful native. Hedges, streamsides. Very rare. Tree. May,
June.
First record, Salix folio lawreo sew lato glabro Odorato, Ray, Blackstone,
1737-
4. Ray. A male tree in Oldbury Park near the spring, W. Wilson
Saunders. Island in the Cherwell, Dyer / Banks of the Cherwell,
Bu. in Purton.
5. Isis. In Charlbury Lane near the Bridge, in Walcot Wilderness,
and about Ascot Mill plentiful, Blackstone MSS. Christ Church

Meadow, Ba.

Northants, doubtful native. Warwick, marshy coppice near Farn-
borough.

S. fragilis, L. Crack Willow.

Top. Bot. 374. Syme, E. B. viii. 205. 1306. Nym. 664.

Native. Stream- and pondsides. Common. Tree. April, May.

First record, Sib. 1794.

2. Ouse. Near Mixbury and Ardley.

3. Swere. Banbury, 4. Fr. Burford.

4. Ray. Marston, Rousham, Cherwell side near Oxford, principally
female. One large hollow tree (male) near the Ferry Boat, Meso-
potamia,

5. Isis. Christ Church Meadow, Bz.! Godstow.

6. Thame, Thame, Hb. Br. Wheatley.

7. Thames. Near Caversham,

Berks. Bucks, Northants, Gloster, Warwick.

Var. Russelliana, Sm. Bedford Willow.
Syme, E. B, viii. 207. 1308.

3. Swere, Great Tew, A. Fr.

5. Isis. Cornbury, 7. Westcombe.
‘FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 271

Var, S. decipiens, Hoff. Poplar Willow.

Syme, E. B. viii. 208. 1307.

5. Isis. Cornbury, T. Westcombe. Godstow.

6. Thame. Christ Church Meadow, Dyer in Journ. Bot. vol. ix.

Waterstock, A. Fr.

The tree in Christ Church Meadow, says Bx. in 1830, ‘cannot be less
that fifty years old and 50 feet high. The trunk near the ground
measures 6 feet 10 inches in girth. Hoffmann first distinguished it
as a species in 1785. The tree in Christ Church Meadow must, I think,
have been growing there prior to that time.’

8. alba, L. White Willow.

Top. Bot. 375. Syme, E. B. viii. 211. 1309. Nym. 664.

Native. River- and poolsides, damp hedges, ete. Common, especially
by the Thames and Cherwell. Tree. April, May.

First record, Plot, 1677, ‘The Willow at Enstone was 50 feet high.’

At Ardley there is a fine tree of this species. There are some fine
pollards along the Cherwell, which, with S. fragilis, have been well repre-
sented in Keeley Halswelle’s pictures.

Var. vitellina, L. Golden Willow.

Syme, E. B. viii. 211. 1311.

4. Ray. Magdalen College Walk, Sid. species.
5. Isis. Christ Church Meadow.

7. Thames. Near Henley, Sib.

Planted near Oxford, but does not flourish.

Var. cerulea, Sm. Syme, E. B. viii. 211. 1310.

4, Ray. Cherwell side.

6. Thame. Waterstock, A. Fr.

* §. Babylonica, Z. Not indigenous, occurs in parks, plantations, etc.,
as a planted tree. Near Magdalen Bridge, St. Mary Magdalen Church-
yard, etc.

8. triandra, LD. French Willow.

Top. Bot. 375. Syme, E. B. viii. 215. 1313. Nym. 664.

Native. Banks of streams, etc. Locally common. Tree or Shrub.
April, May.

First record, Sib. 1794.

2. Ouse. Hethe.

3. Swere. Bretch, Hardwick Road, A. Fr.

4, Ray. Cherwell Banks! Bz. in Purton. Otmoor, Marston, Upper

Heyford, Kidlington.
5. Isis. Wolvercote, Christ Church Meadow, Yarnton, etc.
6. Thame. Sandford, Dyer in Hb. Br. Mus,
272 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Var. Hoffmaniana, Sm. Syme, EH. B. viii. 215. 1314,

4, Ray. Otmoor, Cherwell side, Upper Heyford, Mesopotamia.

5. Isis. Christ Church Meadow, Woodstock Road, Bx. Common almost

everywhere about Oxford, Walk.

6. Thame. Cowley Field, Prof. Daubeny. Thame, Hd. Bx. Bul-
lingdon Green, Iffley Meadow! Bu. Do. Dyer in J. Bot. vol. ix.
Sandford.

7. Thames. North Stoke.

Var. amygdalina, L. Syme, E. B. viii. 216. 1315.
4. Ray. Otmoor.
5. Isis. Near Godstow.

Var. S. discolor, Koch. Is not this identical with triandra ?
4. Ray. Cherwell side, Oxford, Rev. J. H. Leefe.

* §. undulata, Ehrh. S. lanceolata, Sm.

Syme, E. B. viii. 1312.

4. Ray. Near Parsons’ Pleasure, planted.

5. Isis. Planted in Christ Church Meadow, Bz.

S. purpurea, L. Bitter Willow. Purple Osier.

Top. Bot. 375. Syme, E. B. viii. 217.1316. Nym. 665. Bx. 434.

Native. Septal. Hedges and brooksides, Rare. ‘Tree or Shrub.

March, April.

First record, Sib. 1794. S. monandra, Hoff.

3. Swere. Hanwell Road, etc., between Hardwick Road and Hanwell,
A. Fr.

4, Ray. Marston, Mesopotamia, Cherwell side.

5. Isis. Christ Church Meadow, Bx. in Purton/ Planted, as is the
case with most of the willows growing there, Bx. MSS. Near
Wolvercote.

6. Thame. Thames at Oxford, Winch.in New Bot. Guide. Near
Sandford.

Berks. Near Kennington.

Var. Kirkii(?). Near Mesopotamia Ferry, planted.

Var. 8. Lambertiana, Sm. Boyton Willow.

Syme, E. B. viii. 218. 1318.

7. Thames. At Harleyford near Henley, Sm. Eng. Fl.

Meadow west-by-north of Chazey Farm, west of Caversham, F. A. Lees.

Var. S. ramulosa, Borr. Rose Willow. 8S. Helix. Auct.
Syme, E. B. viii. 231. 1319, incorrect.

8. Swere. Near Banbury, A. Fr., also Bees.

4. Ray. Cherwell side, Otmoor.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 273
5. Isis. Christ Church Meadow, Bx. Near South Hinksey, but in
Oxon ; Wolvercote.

Berks. Wargrave, Melville.

S. rubra, Huds. Green Osier.

Top. Bot. 375. Syme, E. B. viii. 221. 1320. Nym. 665.
Native. Riversides and wet places. Rather uncommon. Sh. April,
May.

4, Ray. Marston.

5. Isis. Godstow, Wolvercote.

7. Thames. Bledlow, North Stoke.

Berks. Between Maidenhead and Windsor, J. Sherard. Given as if
in Oxonin Walk. Pangbourne, Brit. Bucks, Northants, Warwick.

Var. S. Forbyana, Sm. Syme, E. B. viii. 222. 1322.

3. Swere. Banbury, Bees.

5. Isis. Godstow.

S. viminalis, L. Osier.

Top. Bot. 37s. Syme, E. B. viii. 223.1322. Nym. 666.

Native. Pondsides, marshes, wet meadows. Rather common. Shrub
or small tree. April, May.

First record, $ib. 1794. :

8. Swere. Banbury, Bces. Between Bloxham and Tadmarton, Great

Tew, Grimsbury, A. Fr. Cropredy.
Ray. Marston Lane, Otmoor, Kirtlington, ete.
Isis. Bruern Wood, Godstow, Woodstock, etc.
Thame. Dorchester, Wheatley.

7. Thames. Caversham, Henley, North Stoke, etc.

Berks. Bucks, Northants, Gloster, Warwick.

S. stipularis, Si.

Syme, E, B. viii. 224. 1323.

Osier-holt. Brooksides. Rare and probably introduced. A hybrid
between cinerea and viminalis. Sh. March.

3. Swere. Banbury, Bees.
5. Isis. Christ Church Meadow.

S. Smithiana, IT.

Syme, E. B. viii. 227.1324. Nym. 666.

Native. Pond- and streamsides, wet places. Not uncommon. Shrub or
Tree. April.

First record, the Author, 1880.

4. Ray. Marston.

6. Thame. Near Haseley.

Berks. Boar's Hill, Wootton. Northanis, Gloster, Warwick.

£

bag

TO ON
274 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

[S. acuminata, Sm. To which has been referred (incorrectly) Sherard’s
‘Salix caprea acuto longoque folio’ frequently about Oxford. ‘Tis not of
young shoots but always so,’ Ray. Syn. In the Dillenian herbarium it is
represented by a Caprea form, not acuminata to which Walker refers it,
and which has not been definitely recorded for the county. Sibthorp’s
acuminata was aggregate cinerea. |

S. rugosa, Leefe.

Syme, E. B. viii. 228.

4, Ray. Common about Cherwell, Br. Marston.

5. Isis. Christ Church Meadow, Bz.

6. Thame. Menmarsh Farm, A. Fr. Great Haseley.

S. ferruginea, Anders.

Syme, E. B. viii. 228. 1325.

4. Ray. Gatherers by Cherwell, Oxford, Hb. Br. Mus., Salic. Exs.
Fasc. iii. The Rev. J. E. Leefe informs me the Cherwell plant is
true ferruginea, somewhat different from Andersson’s plant.

5. Isis. Godstow.

6. Thame. Cowley.

Berks. Reading, #. B.S. Warwick, Northants.

S. Caprea, L. Sallow.

Top. Bot. 376. Syme, E. B. viii. 233. 1331. Nym. 667.

Native. Woods, hedges. Common and universally distributed. Tree
or Shrub. March, April.

First record, Sib. 1794.

In the Banbury list S. sphacelata, Sm. was included. Mr. Beesley now
believes this to be a form of caprea.

Mr. G. D. Leslie considers this to be the most ornamental of the
Thames Valley willows.

S. cinerea, Sin.

Top. Bot. 375. Syme, E. B. viii. 231.1327. Nym. 667.

Native. Woods, hedges, etc. Common and widely distributed.
Shrub or Tree. April.

First record, Sid. 1794, sub nom. acuminata, Hoff.

Var. aquatica, Sm,

Syme, E. B. viii. 231. 1328.

3. Swere. Hardwick, R. Fr.

4. Ray. Common about Oxford, Bx. Otmoor, Magdalen College
Grounds, Headington Wick Copse.

5. Isis. Handborough.

6. Thame. Riverside near Thame, 4. fr. Bullingdon.

7. Thames. North Stoke.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 275

Var. oleifotia, Sm.

Syme, E. B. viii. 231. 1329.

6. Thame. Near Thame, Hb. Bz.

7. Thames. North Stoke.

Another form quite as distinct as the named varieties occurs in the
pools at the bottom of Cornbury Quarry, its dark glossy leaves, with very
glaucous lower side, at a distance suggest a phylicifolia variety. Rev. J. E.
Leefe hardly considers it a cinerea form and yet cannot pass it as a laurina
variety, its leaves being more obovate and silky than those of the latter
plant.

S. aurita, L.

Top. Bot. 376. Syme, E. B. viii. 232. 1330. Nym. 667.

Native. Hedges, thickets, and damp woods. Not common Shrub.
April, May.

First record, Sib. 1794.

. Ouse. Ardley. ~

Swere. Hardwick Hill, Becs.

Ray. Noke.

Isis. Bruern Wood, Stonesfield, Wychwood.
. Thame. Shotover! Bz. in Purton.

7. Thames. Nettlebed.

Berks. Bagley.

2S. ambigua, Ehrh.

7. Thames. A small bush on Nettlebed Common, with some amount
of hesitation, I refer to this hybrid plant; repens does not occur in
the vicinity. Ambigua was found on Napford Common, Bucks,
repens not occurring.

S. repens, L. Heath Willow.

Top. Bot. 377. Syme, E. B. viii. 246. 1356. Nym. 668. Bx. 142.

Native. Ericetal. Heaths. Very rare or extinct. Shrub. March,
April.

First record, Sib. 1794. S. depressa, Hoff.

5. Isis. North Leigh Heath, Sib.

Walker gives it unlocalised, as if a common plant in Oxford.

Berks. Sunninghill, Greenham Common, Brit. Northants, absent.

Bucks, Gloster, Warwick.

*§. nigricans, Si.

Top. Bot. [23]. Syme, E. B. viii. 241. 1347. Nym. 668.

South limit, in Surrey (?), Oxford (?), Hereford (?), Cyb. Br. 2. 397.

‘Something has been recorded from Oxford as nigricans. Comp.
Cyb. Brit. 568. Mr. Watson’s characteristic sentence does not quite
accurately describe the record. The plant recorded was correctly identified.
Its indigenity was very doubtful.

Done w LO

T2
27 6 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

4, Ray. Banks of Cherwell Christ Church Meadow, Bx. in Purton
and Walker. Probably planted. Warwick.

* §. Croweana, Sm. Syme, H. B. viii. 238. 1337.
5. Isis. Christ Church Meadow, planted.
* §. nitens, G. Anders. Syme, E. B. viii. 238. 1336.

5. Isis. Christ Church Meadow, planted.
[S. laurina, Sm. Warwick.]

Orv. LXXIT. BETULINEA, Bart.

ALNUS. G.

A. glutinosa, G. Alder.

Top. Bot. 372. Syme,.E. B. viii. 178. 1294. Nym. 671. Bx. 193.

Native. Riversides, damp woods, etc. Rather uncommon. Tree. March,
April. :

First record, Sib. 1794, Betula alnus, L. Near Godstow, South Leigh
Meadows.

Noted in all the districts except the Stour.

Baxter observed Dothidea alnea, Erysi she penicillati, var. Alni, on it in
Christ Church Meadow and in Magdalen Walk, Erineum Alneum.

A fine tree of the cut-leaved Alder, A. incisa, Syme, is growing at
Wolvercote. It was planted in 1800 by Wm. Cobbett.. Small planted trees
by the Cherwell side in the Parks.

BETULA. G.
B. alba, LD. Bireh.

Native (?) Heaths, woods on light soil. Rare. Tree. May.

First record, Sib. 1794.

Wm. Coles'in Adam in Eden, 1657, says the Birch tree is very rare in
some counties as in Northants and Oxon where they are set in gardens as
rarities; and Robt. Turner in the Botanologia, 1664, also refers to its
rarity here. The Birch is so frequently planted in Oxon that wild
stations are difficult: to discriminate.

B. pubescens, Ehrh.

Syme, E. B. viii. 186. 1296. Nym. 672:

5. Isis. Bruern Wood:

B. verrucosa; Ehrh. ;

Syme, E. B. viii. 182. 1295. Nym. 672;

First record, the Author, 1884.

5. Isis. Near Kingham.

[Myrica Gale, L. Old Windsor Park corner, Par#. Theat. Broadmoor
Bottom, Golden Gully near Newbury, Brit.]
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 277

Orv. LXXIIT. CONIFER, L.

JUNIPERUS. L.

J. communis, L. Juniper.

Top. Bot. 379. Syme, E. B. viii. 273. 1382. Bx. 431.

Native. Dry pastures and chalk downs. Locally common. Shrub. May.

First record, Wm. Coles, 1657.

Noticed also as an Oxford plant in Turner’s Botanologia, 1664, and ‘on

many hills in Oxfordshire,’ Merrett, 1667.

2. Ouse. Cottisford Heath, Bees,

3. Swere. Great Tew, Bees.

4. Ray. Heyford Leys, T. Bees. Bx. 1831. Middleton, Rev. E. Fox.
Some fine bushes over twelve feet high near the north termination
of the Avesditch between Heyford and Middleton.

5. Isis. Abundantly on a common between Blenheim and Ditchley,
Mr. Woodward in Withering.

6. Thame. Headington Quarry, Br.

7. Thames. Bechentree, Stokenchurch, Coles, 1657. Stokenchurch
Hills, Sib./ Lewknor, Caversham,.A. Ir. Kingston Hill, Hb. Bz.
Goring, Hb. Lawson. Beacon Hill abundant, Grime’s Dyke,
Pyrton Hill, Brightwell Downs, Swincombe Downs, Nuffield,
Chinnor Hill, Penley Woods, very fine specimens.

Berks. Streatley Downs, ete. Bucks, Napford, etc. Northants,
extinct. Gloster E. Warwick, absent.

TAXUS. JL.

T. baccata, LD. Yew.

Top. Bot. 380. Syme, E. B. viii. 277.1384. Nym.:677. Bx. 222.

Native. Woods on chalky or calcareous soil. Planted elsewhere.

Tree. March, April.

First record, Sib. 1794.

2. Ouse. Ardley Wood, seedling.

3. Swere. Not wild, 7. Bees. Wroxton, Gull. Tadmarton, Broughton,
Adderbury, Great Tew, A. Fr.

4. Ray. Rousham.

5. Isis. Cornbury Quarries, Sib. / fine trees.

6. Thame. The large Yew at Iffley Church-yard is supposed to be as
old as the Church itself, over 700 years. ‘It is now, 1837, 22 feet
high, the girth at 2 feet from ground 20 feet, diameter of head 25
feet.? Cuddesdon Church-yard, Waterstock, etc.

7, Thames. Goring, Watlington, between Christmas Common and
Assenton, Checkenden, Penley Wood fine specimens, Whitchurch,
splendid trees in Ipsden Woods. Native on the Chilterns.
278 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Var. fastigiata, Lindl. Irish Yew.

Goring, Hb. Br. Mus. col. A. Dixon, not wild, and also as a planted
shrub in many situations.

Berks. Bucks, native. Gloster W. Northants, alien. Warwick, alien.
* Pinus sylvestris, L. The Pine Fir.

Syme, E. B. viii. 264. 1380. Nym.674. Bx. 389.

Alien. Occurs as a planted tree throughout the county.

* Larix europea, DC. Larch.

Frequently planted, as about Tackley, Penley, Blenheim, Middleton,
ete., and in Berks at Bagley Wood, etc.

Ci. II. MONOCOTYLEDONES.

Orv. LXXIV. HYDROCHARIDE, DC.

HYDROCHARIS. L.
H. Morsus-Ranae, L. Frog-bit.

Top. Bot. 409. Syme, E. B. ix. 78.1444. Nym. 678. Bx. 441.
Native. Lacustral. Ditches, pools, slow stagnazt streams, Local. P.
July, Aug.

First record, Sid. 1794.

4. Ray. Summertown, J. Fr. Otmoor, The Parks, Marston.

5. Isis. Port Meadow! Hb. Lawson. Oxford, Rev. W. T. Bree in
Purton. Ditch Canalside, H. Bos. Ditches between Canal side and
Port Meadow, Wolvercote, Binsey.

6. Thame. Stadhampton, W. French. Thame river, Hb. Br. Christ
Church Meadow! H. Bos. Nuneham.

7. Thames. North Stoke.

Berks. Kennington, Radley. Bucks, Northants, Gloster E., Warwick,

absent. Mr.G. D. Leslie figures this on the title-page of ‘ Our
River.’

* Stratiotes aloides, D. Water Soldier.

Top. Bot. [23.] Syme, E. B. ix. 80.1445. Nym. 678. Bx. 413.

Alien. Planted in pond in Magdalen Meadow by Mr. Baxter / 1885,
‘In the Isis near the Cottage, Nuneham Park,’ Mr. Hewlett, Walk. Fl.
It has no claims to be ranked as a native plant.

Berks. Nuneham, planted. Northants, wild, but now nearly or quite
extinct.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 279

ANACHARIS. Rich.
* A. Alsinastrum, Bab. Canadian Water Thyme.
Elodea canadensis, Mich. Syme, E. B. ix. 81.1446. Nym. 678.
Colonist. Streams and ponds. Widely distributed, but much less
abundant about Oxford than formerly, and still decreasing. P. July-
Sept.
First record, W. Bazter, 1853.
‘On taking a walk on Sunday, Aug. 28, 1853, across the meadow
between St. Clement's and Iffiey, I was surprised to find Anacharis Alsin-
astrum in a ditch in Long Meadow. It formed an uninterrupted dense
mass from one end of the ditch to the other. Three or four years ago the
plant was not known in a wild or even ina cultivated state, but about
1850 a small specimen was introduced into the lower aquarium of the
Botanic Garden. It is also abundant in the ditches on each side of the
Canal, Jericho to the railway, Port Meadow, also in the Isis close to the
Railway Station. The plants in the Canal and Isis must have travelled
out of Warwickshire. Bx. MSS., 1854.
2. Ouse. Hethe.
8. Swere. Cherwell, too abundant, A. Fr. Noticed there by Mr.
Beesley in 1854. Clattercut.

4. Ray. Otmoor, Tackley Pond, Marston ditches and Cherwell,
flowering freely, 1885.

5. Isis. Plentiful in ponds at Ditchley, flowering at Binsey and in
Oxford Canal.

6. Thame. Long Meadow, 1854, Hd. Br. Iffley, Shotover ponds.

7. Thames. North Stoke, Saunders’ Green, and in many ponds on the
Chilterns, doubtless introduced by birds.

The flowers break off and may be found floating on the water. This was
very noticeable near Marston Ferry in 1885.

Orv. LXXV. ALISMACEZ, Rich.

Buromus. L.
B. umbellatus, L. Flowering Rush.
Top. Bot. 411. Syme, E. B. ix. 76.1443. Nym.678. Bx. 34.
Native. Stream- and brooksides. Locally common. P. June, July.
First record, Sib. 1794. Que Academie ipsius ambulacra preter fluunt
flumina ... Butomo inter se fere constipatis luxuriant.
8. Swere. Cherwell and Canal side, frequent, Bees. Neithrop, A. Fr.
4. Ray. Cherwell side about Oxford, Bx. Near Merton, A. Fr.
Islip, H. Bos. Otmoor, abundant between Islip and Oddington.
5. Isis. Near Eynsham, Christ Church Meadow, pools on Botley Road,
Sib. Cornbury Park, Blenheim Park, Osney, H. Bos. Medley,
W. Whitwell. Charlbury, J. M. Albright. Evenlode side, near
280 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Handborough railside, Port Meadow, at intervals in the river from
Wolvercote to Kelmscott.

6. Thame. Thame, Hb. Bx. Iffley, etc. H. H. Garnsey. ‘Near
Abingdon we were gratified by finding this most elegant aquatic ;
clumps of which were constantly occurring where the water was
shallow, either at the river side or in spots where the ground
approached the surface in mid-stream. It is by no means common
to all the banks of the Thames. We voyaged many miles on
several occasions and sought for it in vain, finding it in great
luxuriance in the river Thame between Dorchester and the junction.’
Hall’s Book of the Thames. ,

Berks. South Hinksey, Kennington, Reading, etc.

The lighter green of the leaves, which are also shorter and narrower,

distinguishes this plant when not in flower from Sparganium. They are of
amore yellow green than Glyceria aquatica.

ALISMA. L.
A. Plantago aquatica, L. Water Plantain.
Top. Bot. 409. Syme, E. B. ix. 7o. 1437. Nym. 679. Bx. 337.
Native. Paludal. River- and streamsides. Common. P. June—Aug.
First record, Sib. 1794.
2. Ouse. Hethe.
3. Swere. Not common in Cherwell, Gull.
4, Ray. Oddington, Heyford, Marston, The Parks.
5. Isis. Bruern, Handborough, North Leigh, Osney, Port Meadow.
6. Thame. ‘Tiddington, A. Fr. Thame, Hd. Bx. Albury, Iffley,
Christ Church Meadow.
7. Thames. Ipsden, Ibstone, Caversham.

Var. lanceolata, With.

Syme, E, B. ix. 70. 1438,

4. Ray. . Otmoor.

5. Isis. Port Meadow, see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1880, p. 150. Very
typical in pond by Duke’s Lock. Also with all the leaves reduced to
phyllodia.

6. Thame. Oxford, Cowley, W. Newbould. Menmarsh Farm, A. Fr.

7. Thames. Caversham.

A. ranunculoides, L.
Top. Bot. 409. Syme, E. B. ix. 72.1439. Nym. 679.
Native. Paludal. Marshes, ditches. Very rare or extinct. P.
June—Aug.
First record, Sib. 1794.
4. Ray. Otmoor, Sib. Do. about 1860, H. E. Garnsey. Near
Bicester, T. Brayne.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 281

5. Isis. South Leigh, Sid.
6. Thame. Cowley, Sib. Left-hand side of Cowley Marsh, H. Bos.
about 1864.

Berks. Bucks, Gloster E., near Kelmsford. Warwick, very rare.

[Damasonium stellatum, Rich. Actinocarpus Damasonium, R. Br.,
should be looked for in the pools on the Chilterns; it has been found in
Berks on the Winkfield Plain, near Windsor; ditches about Southcote
near Reading ; and in Bucks on Napford Common.]

SAGITTARIA. L.

S. sagittifolia, D. Arrowhead.

Top. Bot. 410. Syme, E. B. ix. 71. 1436. Nym. 679. Bx. 109.

Native. Shallow streams. Common. P. July, Aug.

First record, Gerarde, 1597.

‘Sagittaria major. Greate Arrowe Head and Sagittaria minor angustt-
folia, small narrowe leaved Arrowe Head. These herbes do grow... in
the ditches neere the walls of Oxford.’ Also in Gerarde Emac. and
Merrett, who describes it as S. longissima cuspide pedali, Arrowhead with
a leaf a foot or more long, 1666.

8. Swere. Cherwell and Canal, Gull. Twyford, Mill Meadow, A. Fr.

Somerton.
4. Ray. Marston, Hb. R. Linton. Cherwell, Hb. Lawson. Oddington,
Heyford, abundant in a pond on Otmoor.

5. Isis. Godstow, W. Whitwell. Bladon, Handhborough, Port Meadow,

abundant, Christ Church Meadow and westward to Kelmscott.

6. Thame. Thame, Hb. Bx. Dorchester, Sandford, etc.

7. Thames. Goring, Caversham, etc.

Sibthorp followed the old writers in separating 4 small leaved form
(teferred to by Gerarde) as parvifolia, and gives Dorchester as a locality ;
Baxter also found it in the Canal between Highbridge and Heyfield’s Hut,
and the same with a series of connecting links with the type may still be
found about Oxford.

‘This is one of the handsomest of British aquatics, whether as regards
the elegant spear-shaped leaves of glossiest green, or the flower spikes
rising in pyramidal form from the water with strong fluted stems,
and presenting altogether a striking resemblance to a highly decorated
gothic finial, This very graceful plant is found in abundance about
Oxford, but there are few parts of the Upper Thames which it does not
enliven by its luxuriant foliage.’ Hall’s Bool: of the Thames.

TRIGLOCHLIN. L.
T. palustre, L. Marsh Arrow Grass.
Top. Bot. 412. Syme, E. B. ix. 65. 1433. Nym. 680. Bx. 60.
282 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Native. Uliginal. Marshes, wet meadows. Rather rare. P. June-
Aug.

First record, Sib. 1794.

3. Swere. In a meadow near the Canal, quarter of a mile towards
King Sutton, boggy field near Hanwell, Gull. Meadow South of
Shutford Bridge, plentiful, T. Bees. Bretch, Bodicote, A. Fr.

4. Ray. Bog near Upper Heyford, Bax. Stow Wood, H. Bos. Head-
ington Wick, Marston Fields, one specimen thirty-four inches high.

5. Isis. South Leigh Meadows, Sib. Canalside going to Wolvercote,
also beyond Heyfield’s Hut, Bu. 1831! 1884. Wolvercote, H. E.
Garnsey! Binsey! Cornbury, Woodstock, H. Bos. Wychwood,
Daubeny, 1842 !

6. Thame. Bullingdon Green! Cowley Marsh! Sib. South side of
Shotover! Bx. Albury, Rev. F. Bennett /

Berks. South Hinksey, Sandford, Radley, Tubney.

Orp. LXXVI. POTAMOGETONEA, Dumrt.

POTAMOGETON. L.

P. natans, L. Floating Pond Weed.

Top. Bot. 420. Syme, E. B. ix. 26.1399. Nym. 681. Bx. 350.

Native. Ponds, ditches, streams. Common. P. June, July.

First record, Sib. 1794.

2. Ouse. Ardley.

83. Swere. Cherwell near Bridge, Gull. Somerton, Shutford.

4. Ray. Oddington, Bayswater, Cherwell frequent, Otmoor.

5. Isis. Eynsham, Wolvercote, Freeland, Ditchley, North Leigh,
Bruern, Isis and Evenlode, Wychwood, pond near Duke’s Lock.

6. Thame. Hb. Bxr.in Thame. Waterstock, 4. Fr. Albury.

7. Thames. Nettlebed, Binfield, Woodcote.

Berks. Marcham, Hinksey. Bucks, Northants,common. Gloster E.,
Kelmsford, Lechlade. Warwick.

P. polygonifolius, Pourr.

Syme, E. B. ix. 27. 1400. Nym. 681. P. oblongus, Vir.

Native. Ponds and boggy heaths. Rare. P. July.

First record, Dillenius, 1744.

8. Swere. Cherwell near Banbury, A. I’r. Somerton.

4. Ray. Near Oxford, Hb. Lawson, 1869. Kirtlington.

6. Thame. ‘North side of Shotover Hill in a small boggy piece
of ground a little before the enclosed ground begins I found it
in July without flower, 1744, Ray says it flowers in June,’
D, Dillenius, MSS. The plant is the heath form P. ericetorum,
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 283

Syme. In 1885 I noticed the floating form in a small pond near
the brickyards, which now probably occupy the old station, and
a month later these being dried up the plant assumed the heath form.

7. Thames. Binfield Heath, very rare, see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1883.

Berks. South Hinksey. Northants, Gloster W., Warwick.

P. rufescens, Schrad.

Syme, E. B. ix. 30.1402. Nym, 681.

Native. Slow streams and ponds. P. July.

First record, T. Bees. and A. French, about 1860.

8. Swere. Back brook Huscott Mill. Ditch near Grimsbury Green,
tif in Northants. This is the P. protens var. b. heterophyllus of
the Banbury list.

5. Isis. Wychwood Ponds, Rev. FE. Fox.

Berks. Hampstead Park. Bucks, Warwick.

?P. gramineus, L. P. heterophyllus, Schreb.

Top. Bot. 418. Bees. Cat. Syme, E. B. ix. 35. 1406.

Native (?) River, canal. Rare, ? if ever found.

3. Swere. [River in Mill Meadow, Bees. List], see above, Canal
above Heyford, Rev. EH. Fox. I have not seen specimens, in
absence of these the record must be queried, although there is no
intrinsic reason why this plant should be absent from Oxfordshire.

Berks. Bulmersh Lake, F. Tufnail.

P. lucens, ZL.

Top. Bot. 417. Syme, E. B. ix. 38. 1408. Nym. 682.

Native. Lacustral. Rivers, canal, ponds. Common in all the dis-
tricts. P. June, July.

First record, Sib. 1794.

It is an abundant plant of the Thames, and gradually merges into the
var. P. acuminatus, Schum. Comp. Cyb. 583.

4. Ray. Islip, Marston, the Parks.

5. Isis. Eynsham, Chinnor, Yarnton.

6. Thame. Dorchester, Iffley.

In the Cherwell some plants approaching Zizii occurred with the type.

P. decipiens, Nolte.

Syme, E. B. ix. 39. 1409. Nym. 682.

Native. Canal. Veryrare. P. July.

First record, the Author, 1884.

4, Ray. Floating specimen in Canal, Upper Heyford, not the typical
broad leaved Continental form, but the narrow leaved plant.

Gloster, Warwick.

P. prelongus, Wulf.
Top. Bot. 419. Syme, E. B. ix. 41. 1411. Oxford. Nym. 682.
284 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Native. Lacustral. Rivers. Locally common. P. May.

First record, W. Baster, about 1840, sub nom. lanceolatus.

6. Thame. River Thame, ‘lanceolatus’ W. Bx. Oxford, Hb. Br.
Mus. 1847. Sandford Lasher, W. T. Dyer, Hb. Br. Mus. and
Journ. Bot. vol. ix. p. 148. Abundant in stream from the new
boat house to Sandford, and at intervals southwards.

7. Thames. Near Caversham Bridge, Supp. E. Bot. Moulsford.

Berks. Canal at Marcham, Moulsford, Caversham. Northants, absent
from Bucks, Gloster, or Warwick.

P. perfoliatus, LD.

Top. Bot. 417. Syme, E. B. ix. 42. 1412. Nym. 682.

Native. Lacustral. Ponds, rivers, ditches, canal. Common. P. July.
Occurs in all the districts.

First record, Sib. 1794.

A form with shorter leaves was noticed between Eynsham and Shilford.

P. crispus, L.

Top. Bot. 416. Syme, E. B. ix. 43. 1413. Nym. 682.

Native. Ponds, streams, and ditches. Common. P. June, July.

First record, Sib. 1794.

3. Swere. Canal, Wroxton Pond, Guill. Banbury, Twyford, Hardwick,
Adderbury, A. Fr. Clattercut Reservoir, abundant.

4. Ray. Marston, Heyford, Islip.

5, Isis. Christ Church Meadow, Sib. Eynsham, Oxford Canal.

6. Thame. Cuttle Brook, Thame, Hd. Br. Menmarsh Farm, A. Fr.
Sandford, Hb. Lawson. Iffley, etc.

7. Thames. Caversham.

Var. P. serratus, Huds.

3. Swere. Crispus, a small state with less crisped leaves, Kilby’s
Meadows, Bees.

4. Ray. Plentiful in ditches about Marston.

5. Isis. Near Botley, Eynsham.

7. Thames. Whitchurch, see Rep. of Ree. Club, 1881. Woodeote,
Hollindridge Farm, Saunders’ Green.

Clusius’ figure in Johnson’s Ger. of crispus is annexed to a description

of densus.

P. densus, L.

Top. Bot. 412. Syme, E. B. ix. 44.1414. Nym. 682.

Native. Shallow streams. Not uncommon. P. June, July.

First record, Sib. 1794.

2. Ouse. Hethe.

3. Swere. Broughton Jack Brook, Wroxton, Neithrop, Drayton,
T. Bees. Somerton, Tadmarton.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 285

4. Ray. Bicester, Blackthorn, Headington Wick, Kidlington.

5. Isis. Christ Church Meadow, Hd. Br. Canal, H. Bos. Binsey,
Port Meadow, Wychwood, Minster Lovell, North Leigh, a very
large form in river near Tumbling Bay Oxford, Bampton, Clanfield.

6. Thame. Cowley, Thame, Br. Oxford.

7. Thames. Caversham.

Berks. Frilford, Ferry Hinksey.

This plant varies much in size, being sometimes so dwarfed as to appear

like Elodea.

P. compressus, L. (non Sm.) P. zosterefolius, Schum.
Top. Bot. 415.‘ Warren.’ Syme, E. B. ix. 46. 1415. Nym. 683.
Native. Canals andrivers. Local. P. June-Aug.
First published record, Prof. Lawson, 1870. Mr. Westcombe found it
about 1850.
3. Swere. Hardwick Canal, Bodicote, A. Fr. Neithrop, Walford.
4. Ray. Kirtlington Canal.
5. Isis. Canal Oxford, Rev. R. Linton! Near Fawler, T. Westcombe.
6. Thame. Isis at Oxford, M.A. Lawson, Journ. Bot.ix.16! Sandford,
Hb. Lawson! Nuneham, H. Bos. ‘gramineum.’ Iffley, just below
the Mill, fruiting freely.
Berks. Marcham, Sandford. Bucks, Northants, Warwick.
Dr. Trimen suggested the above was Sibthorp’s P. gramineum, but I
believe that to be P. Friesit.
[P. obtusifolius, W. K.
Top. Bot. 415. Oxford. Syme, E. B. ix. 48.1417. Nym. 683.
Berks (?). Northants, Wakefield Pond. Gloster E. (?). Warwick.
I know of no Oxford locality or record, although it is likely to occur. ]

P. Friesii, Rup. P. mucronatus, Auct.

P. gramineum, (L.) Sib. P. compressus, Sm. non L.

Top. Bot. 214, Syme, E. B. ix. 49. 1418. Nym. 683.

Native. Ponds, canal, shallow streams. Locally common. P. July.

First certain record, the Author, see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1880; but it is

probably the gramineum of Sib. and compressus of Beesley and Walker.

8. Swere. Broughton Moat, Canal! brook between Cherwell and
Canal, river in Mill Meadow (entered as pusillus in Banbury list),
T. Bees. Canal Somerton, etc.

4, Ray. Kirtlington, and common on the shallow margin of Canal.

5. Isis. Binsey Common! ditches by the roadside going to Port
Meadow, Sib. ‘gramineum.’ Canal between Oxford and Wolver-
cote, see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1880. Osney.

6. Thame. Between Oxford and Iffley.

7. Thames. Moulsford.

Berks. Marcham. Bucks, Gloster E., Northants, Warwick.
286 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

P. pusillus, L.

Top. Bot. 414. Syme, E. B. ix. 50. 1419. Nym. 683.

Native. Streams, ditches, ponds. Notcommon. P. June, July.

First record, Sib. 1794.

3. Swere. Brook between Cherwell and Canal, between Banbury
and King Sutton, T. Bees. Cherwell, towards Franklin’s Knob,
A, Fr. Somerton.

4. Ray. Kirtlington.

5. Isis. Port Meadow, 82b. Ponds at Burford Priory, Wolvercote,
H. Bos. River near Bruern Abbey, Canal near Wolvercote,
Bampton, Osney.

6. Thame. Below Iffley Mill.

Berks. Frilford, Iffey, and all the border counties.

P. pectinatus, L.

Top. Bot. 413. Syme, E. B. ix. 52. 1422. Nym. 683.

Native. Ponds, canals, rivers. Common in all the districts except the
Stour. P. July, Aug.

First record, Sib. 1794.

P. junceus, K.

P. flabellatus, Bab. P. zosteraceus, Bab. non Fries.

Syme, E. B. ix. 52. 1421.

Native. Rapid flowing streams. Locally plentiful. P. July.

First record, D. Thorp in Hb. Sherard, without date; first certain

record, T. Beesley, 1851.

3. Swere. Canal towards King Sutton, P. zosteraceus, 1851, seen
floating in Canal at Hardwick, also plentiful in brook Hardwick
Road, Bees.

4. Ray. Kirtlington, Heyford.

5. Isis. Port Meadow, see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1880. River above
Medley, B. King! Very fine, abundant hence to Kelmscott,
flowering freely.

6. Thame. Iffey, Sandford, etc.

7. Thames. Sonning, etc.

Berks. Thames from Tadpole downwards. Bucks, Northants, Gloster
E., Warwick.

This may be the Pondweed referred to by Merrett, 1666, Potamogeiton

Pusillum folio gramineo, caule rotundo in Thames near Oxford, C. C.

ZANNICHELLIA. L.
Z. palustris, Fr.

Z. major, Boen. Z. brachystemon, Gay.
Top. Bot. 423. Syme, E. B. ix. 56.1425. Nym,.684. Bx. 164, not typical.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 287

Native. Streams and pools. Local. P. May-Aug.

First record, Sid. 1794.

8. Swere. Hanwell Heath, Shutford Bridge, ditch beyond Cemetery,
Banbury, T. Bees. Hardwick, A. Fr. Clattereut, Banbury.

4. Ray. Between Headington and the Wick! Sib. Marston, Bays-
water, Bicester, pond in Elsfield Meadow, Otmoor.

5. Isis. Minster Lovell, Clanfield.

6. Thame. Stream that divides Cowley Marsh from Bullingdon Green,
Bz. in Purton. Stanton Quarries.

Anthers two-celled ; leaves dark green, broader and stouter than in next

plant.

Berks. Bucks, Northants, Gloster E., Warwick.

Var. Z. macrostemon, Gay.
5. Isis. About Oxford, see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1880, the Author.
6. Thame. About Oxford, see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1881, fide Arth.
Bennett.
A much more branching plant than eu palustris, with narrower leaves,
and four-celled anthers.

Berks, Bucks, Northants. See Rep. of Rec. Club, 1880.

Z. repens, Boen. Reich, Exe. 502.

Native. Shallow streams. Very rare. June-Aug.

First record, the Author, 1883, and first as British.

5. Isis. Stream by roadside between Witney and North Leigh
Common. Sandy margin of river between Osney and Folly Bridge.

Orv. LXXVII. ORCHIDEA, L.

CEPHALANTHERA. Lich.

C. pallens, Rich. White-flowered Helleborine.

C. grandiflora, Gray.

Top. Bot. 386. Syme, E. B. ix. 130. 1485. Nym. 687.

Native. Rare in coppices on the great oolite. Common in woods on
the chalk, except where the chalk is overlaid with tertiaries. P. May,
June.

First record, Helleborine flore albo. 1677 Ray’s Cat. Pl. Ang. 339 or
Merrett, 1667.

‘ Helleborine flore albo vel Damasonium montanum latifolium, C. B. B.
In sylvis montosis et cretaceis circa Stokenchurch agri Oxoniensis et in
toto montium tractu Henley oppidum attingente Maio florens invenitur
hec elegans planta,’ Bobart, 1699.

8. Swere. Narrow Beech Spinney near Farnborough just in Oxon,
W. Patey.
288 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

4. Ray. Middleton Park, Rev. #. Fox,

5. Isis. Near Sarsden Pillars, T. Bees.

6. Thame. Shotover Plantation, Sib. Serapias grandiflora.

7. Thames. Stokenchurch, Ray's Cat. Syn. ed. i. ii. iii, Gough,
Martyn, etc. Henley, Morison. Goring, Hb. Lawsom. Maple
Durham, H. Trimen, Hb. Br. Mus. Penley Wood, Chinnor. Very
fine in Aston Wood, near Whitchurch, Swincombe.

Merrett, 1667, mentions Helleborine nervo medio candido. In Stoken-
church Meadows, Mr. Witham. ‘Lusum esse nature non sine ratione
suspicor.

Berks. Wytham! Unwell Wood, Basildon, ete. Bucks, Northants,

Gloster E.

The bluish-green foliage and yellowish-white flowers offer a striking
contrast to the yellowish-green translucent leaves and pure white flowers
of the next species.

CG. ensifolia, Rich. Sword-leaved Helleborine.

Top. Bot. 386. Syme, E. B. ix. 129. 1484. Nym. 687.

Native. Open bushy places on the chalk. Very rare. P. May, June.

First record, Z. M. Cox in Top. Bot. 1874.

7. Thames. Chinnor Hill. It flowers earlier than pallens and chooses
more open situations. It is singularly restricted to a piece of
ground about an acre in extent on the summit of the lower chalk.

Gloster E, Warwick.

[C. rubra, R. Gloster E.]

EPIPACTIS, Rich.
E. palustris, Cr.
Top. Bot. 385. Syme, E. B. ix. 127. 1482. Nym. 688. Bx. 319 from
a Weston Peat Pit plant.
Native. Uliginal. Marshes and bogs. Local. P. July, Aug.
First record, O. sive serapias candido flore two miles from Oxford, from
Friar Bacon's study, Merrett, 1660.

4, Ray. Stow Wood, Std. Weston Peat Pits, an interesting variety
with large flowers and pale-green stamens, bracteas, and calyx
growing in the wet parts of the pits, W. Wilson Sanders ! Heading-
ton Wick, H. Bos./ Kirtlington.

5. Isis. Combe, Sib. Between Church Handborough and Freeland,
Be.

6. Thame. Bullingdon Green, H. Bos. probably Merrett’s locality !
North side of Shotover, Sib. Serapias longifolia, L.

(7. Thames. In the woods Stokenchurch, Hudson, error, Cephalanthera

pallens was intended.}

Berks. Between the old and new road going to Eynsham, Bu.
Frilford.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 289

It occurred with pure white flowers at Headington Wick.

Merrett’s Berkshire record is Helleborine multicaulis radice perpleca.
By Cumnor Wood, Mr. Pink, 1667.

Bucks, Northants, Wittering, etc. Warwick extinct.

E. latifolia, All. (Aggregate.)

Top. Bot. 383. Syme, E. B. ix. 124. 1480. Nym. 688.

Native. Woods. Rather rare. P. Aug.

First record, Plot, 1677.

2. Ouse. Mixbury, RB. C. Pryor.

3. Swere. Hanwell Oak Plantation, 7. Bees., and adjoining Plantation,
R. Fr. 1863. Great Tew, Hanwell, Milton, A. Fr. Wroxton, Bees.

4, Ray. Steeple Aston, Rev. HE. Fox.

5. Isis. North Leigh, Sib. Sarsgrove, Bees. Between Chipping
Norton and Shipton, A. Fr.

6. Thame. Shotover, a variety with smooth germen and entire lip,
plant two or three feet high, with thirty-two flowers, Bw.
Nuneham, H. Bos.

7, Thames. Between Fawley Court, Bix Brand, and Henley, Bz.
Stokenchurch, Sib. Nettlebed, Mongewell.

Berks. Bagley, Bx.

I have seen no specimens which I should refer to ew latifolia in Oxford-

shire or Northamptonshire. Media appears to be the form to which the
greater number of our plants should be referred.

E. violacea, Bor. Syme, E. B. ix. 123. 1481.

Native. Open places in woods or wood borders. Rare. P. Aug.

First record, Plot, 1677.

7. Thames. Side of Cowleaze Wood, near Shirburn Wood, Wood near

Stoke Row.

Northants.

Plot writes of Epipactis—‘The plants which Ray doubts whether
specifically distinct are also Helleborines, the one his flore atro rubente,
the other H. latifol. montan. Cat. pl. Ang., whereof the former has small
narrow leaves, somewhat like palustris, and growing thicker on the stalk,
whereas those of the latter are broad and much thinner; the one also
flowers a full month after the other, though not so signally differing in the
flower as Mr. Ray owns his to do, our latifol. mont. coming nearer to
that of Gerarde than of Ray or Dodonzus, having purple flowers as deep
or deeper than those of the H. flore rubente.’

E. media, Bab. Reich. D. Fl. tab. 486, 487.
Native. Woods. Local. P. Aug.
4, Ray. Headington Copse, Stow Wood, H. Bos.
5. Isis. Wychwood, H. Bos.

U
290 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

6. Thame. Nuneham, H. Bos. North side, Shotover! Clifton
Hampton, Rev. F. Bennett.

7. Thames. Nettlebed, A. Fr. Stokenchurch Wood, see Rep. of Ree.
Club, 1880. Mongewell.

Berks. Bisham Woods, Brit. Unwell Wood, Rep. of Rec. Club, 1882.
Bucks, Northants, Gloster E.

NEOTTIA. L.
N. Nidus-avis, Rich. Bird’ s-nest Orchis.
Top. Bot. 382. Syme, E. B. ix. 121.1478. Nym. 688. Bx. 357, from
a Stokenchurch specimen.

Native. Woods chiefly of beech or hazel. P. May, June.

First record, Merrett, 1666. 0. abortiva russa.

2. Ouse. Near Stoke Lyne, Mrs. Gough.

3. Swere. Swerford Park, Mrs. Davis, also Rev. E. Fox.

4. Ray. Marston Copse, 7. Thurland. Headington Copse, H. Bos.
Beckley Wood, Rev. F. Smith. Wood near Oxford, Bree in
Purton.

5. Isis. Blenheim Park Plantation and Bladon Heath, G. Coles, Esq.
Tar Wood, Sib. Ditchley Wood, Lees Rest Wood, Wychwood.

6. Thame. Nuneham, A. Fr.

7. Thames. In the woods and grounds by Stokenchurch, Mr. Witham
in Merrett, Ray Syn., Bobart in Morison, Sib., etc. Woods near
Maple Durham and Straw Hill, Mr. A. R. Birt, 1839. Beech
Wood, Maple Durham! Hb. Br. Mus. Coll. H. Trimen. Near
Whitchurch! A. Irvine. Goring, Hb. Lawson. Swincombe,
Henley, H. Bos. Whitchurch, Chinnor, Crowell, Aston, Cowleaze,
Penley Woods.

Berks. Bagley, Wytham, Cumnor, Streatley, Basildon, etc.

LISTERA. Br.
L. ovata, Br. Twayblade.

Top. Bot. 383. Syme, E. B. ix. 120.1477. Nym. 688.

Native. Woods and marshes. Common. P. May—Aug.

First record, Sib. 1794. Ophrys ovata, L.

1. Stour. Tadmarton Heath Plantation, T. Bees.

2. Ouse. Ardley.

3. Swere. Hanwell Oak Plantation, Wroxton, Swerford, Broughton,
Williamscot, Cockly Brake, 7. Bees. Bloxham, Great Tew, Cause-
way, 4. Fr.

4, Ray. Stow Wood, Sib. Noke, H. Bos. Headington Wick Bog,
Piddington, Heyford, Middleton Park, Kirtlington, ete.

5. Isis. South Leigh, Sib. Ditchley, H. Bos. Wychwood, Minster
Lovell, Woodstock, Handborough, Charlbury, Kelmscott.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 291

6. Thame. Shotover, Sib./ Studley, Nuneham, Bullingdon Bog.
7. Thames. Stokenchurch, Hd. Bx. Chinnor, Whitchurch, Cowleaze

Wood, Penley Wood, etc.

Berks. Bagley, Wytham, Boar’s Hill, etc.

SPIRANTHES. Rich.

S. autumnalis, Rich. Lady's Tresses.

Top. Bot. 381. Syme, E. B.ix. 115.1472. Nym.689. Bx. 63.
Native. Pascual. Pastures and heathy places, Very rare. P.

Aug.

First record, 8tb.1794. Ophrys spiralis, L,
3. Swere. Swerford, Mrs. Davis.
6. Thame. South side of Shotover Hill, 8¢b. Dry bank on left-hand

side of road going to Shotover from Cheney Lane, J. Benwell, 1810.
Wet place on south side of Shotover, near a spring opposite the foot-
path to Bullingdon Green, Bz. 1833.

Berks. Hampstead Park, Br. Streatley, Pamplin.

ORCHIS. (L.) Rich:

O. militaris, L. Soldier Orchis. O. Rivini, G.

Top. Bot. 388. Syme, E. B. ix. 94.1452. Nym. 688.

Native. Chalk woods in Thames district. Very rare. P. Last week
of May and first week in June. Almost extinct.

First record, Merrett, 1666. 0. strateumatica major, and first as
British.

7. Thames. In Stokenchurch Woods, Mr. Witham in Merrett. Cavers-

ham Hill by the Thames side, Ray’s Cat. Orchis galea et alis fere
cinercis, J.B. Maio mense floret et in tota montium catena intra
pagum Stokenchurch dictum, Henley et Readingum non raro
oceurrit. [In latomia vetusta ulira Hinksey haud longe ab Oxonio
etiam reperitur.] Bobart’s Morison, iii. 484. Caversham Hill, Ray’s
Ed. i. ii. iii. Specimens in Herb. Dill and Bobart, included Simia
and militaris; also in Huds. Fl. Ang. Caversham Warren, Sid.
Penley Hangings, Dr. Williams Sm. Eng. Fl. Woods between
Fawley Court and Bix, about one-and-a-half mile from Henley,
Prof. Daubeny and Baxt. Near Henley, old specimen in Hb.
Lawson. Stokenchurch Hill, W. Christie, 1832. Fawley, Daubeny
and J. Woods. ?ifin Bucks. Wood near Henley, Hé, Be. In
several places between Goring and Whitchurch, Syme.

I have found it during the last four years very sparingly between the
extreme localities given above. It only appeared in a barren state in

1885.

Berks. Reading, Morison (?) Bisham Wood, Streatley, Pangbourne,

U2
292 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Eng. Bot. Hinksey, Morison (?) ustulata probably. Bucks, Loud-
water, Fawler. Herts.

O. Simia. Lam. Monkey Orchis.

O. tephrosanthos, Vill. O. macra, Lind.

Top. Bot. 388. Syme, E. B. ix. 96. 1453, not very good. Nym. 690.
Bx. 213, from a Maple Durham specimen.

Native. Woods on the chalk downs. Extremely rare. P. Second
and third week in May. Nearly extirpated.

First record, some specimens of the flowers only in the Dillenius herb.,
collected about 1740, but not distinguished there from militaris.

7. Thames. Caversham Hill, Sir Joseph Banks, 1778, in Hb. Br. Mus.;
also 1796, Mr. Lamb, an unpublished sketch in Sowerby apparently
made from this specimen, Also col. J. Bicheno, see Trans. Linn.
Soe. 1818. Among bushes on the rising ground to the west of the
great chalk-pit near Caversham, facing the Thames, J. Bicheno.
On Ridgeway Hill, Maple Durham, Dr. Lamb in Walk. Cavers-
ham chalk-pit, May 22,1835. Fir Copse and Straw Hill, Maple
Durham, FE. Witts, Hsq., Bu. Br. Pl. Baxter says he and Mr.
Witts compared a series of O. militaris and Simia brought in
flower from Goring, and they were able to trace a regular gradation
from the broad, dilated rounded lobes of militaris, to the long
narrow strap-shaped ones of tephrosanthos. From this cireum-
stance he was inclined to believe that they constituted only one
species; Bx. Pl. 213. It varies with white flowers, and Sir W.J.
Hooker says that some specimens communicated by Mr. Bicheno
had the flowers with two spurs, two opposite horizontal lips, and
two opposite sepals. Edges of fields between Goring and Maple
Durham. Babington says, ‘Helmet dark purple; it was pure white
in all the specimens found. Neither this nor militaris appears now
to grow in the vicinity of Caversham, J. 7. Syme, Phyt. iv. 861.

In the Second Edition of Syn. of Brit. Fl., Dr. Lindley says, ‘I have no
doubt of this (the Oxon plant) the 0. tephrosanthos of Bicheno being alto-
gether distinct from the species so called by continental writers. It is
true that militaris and tephrosanthos are so very variable in the form of
their lip that it is a matter of some doubt whether they are distinct from
each other, but the characteristic marks of 0. macra are quite of another
kind; independent of its more slender habit, narrow few flowered spikes
and bluntish leaves, it is quite remarkable for the exceedingly large cells
of the tissue of lip which project and have a watery appearance as if the
whole surface were covered with crystalline warts, the lip is moreover
destitute of the hispid line which invariably runs through its centre in all
the varieties of either 0. militaris or tephros I have examined. I have
not met with this species in Continental collections.’
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 293

Baxter says, ‘A living specimen agreed precisely with the above de-
peription of Dr. Lindley’s.’

Notices of O. Simia occurring in Oxford may be found in almost all
botanical works.

Mr. Pamplin informs me, ‘ This plant, as well as militaris, was tolerably
plentiful about Whitchurch till 1837. About 1838 or 1839, when going
over the ground late in the summer, I was grieved and horrified to see the
steep slopes pared and burnt in order to enrich the land with the ashes,
and so I actually witnessed the roasting alive of both Soldier and Monkey
Orchis.’ Whitchurch, 1881, see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1881. Druce.

The plant has now become exceedingly scarce, not so much from the
depredation of collectors, as from the fondness of rabbits for it and changes
brought about by agriculture. This year, 1885, one specimen flowered,
but it was small and nibbled by slugs. Sima flowers a full week earlier
than militaris, and, despite the intermediate forms that occur, they are in
my opinion distinct, but the decrease of both species has prevented me
from examining a large series. Where Simia alone occurred, i.e. at some
distance from militaris, it appeared constant. In «a locality where both
species were present in a rather limited area, Simia became somewhat
changed in the direction of militaris. This intermediate form may be the
Simio-militaris of G. Grenier. Mr. Nicholson informed me he examined
a large series of both plants in France and found they were completely
joined by intermediates. The types when seen separately are very dis-
similar.

Since writing this I see that Dr. Boswell in HZ. Bot. says that ‘ towards
Goring both species grow together and intermediates occur, which I
believe are of hybrid origin. I have seen none of these intermediates near
Pangbourne, where O. militaris alone grows; nor between Maple Durham
and Caversham, where Q. Simia occurs without militaris.’

Berks. Streatley, Pangbourne; Iam afraid extinct here; Isaw a barren
plant in 1878. Merrett’s Wallingford plants I should think belong
to militaris and Habenaria viridis. The latter has been usually
referred to Aceras. Kent,

O. ustulata, LD. Dwarf Orchis.

Top. Bot. 388. Syme, E. B. ix. 93.1450. Nym. 691.

Native. Pascual. Dry, chalky, and limestone pastures. Very rare.
P. June-July.

First record, O. sive Cynosorchis minor pannonica, Ger. Bobart, 1699.

3. Swere. King’s Mill Valley, T. Brayne MSS. 1820.

5. Isis. Southcomb near Chipping Norton, T. Bees. Burford Downs,

Sib.
7. Thames. Thames side near Reading plentifully, Bobart. Cavers-
"ham Hill in plenty, about half-a-mile west of Caversham Church,
294 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

1770, Dr. Lightfoot MSS. Caversham Warren, Sib. 1794. Chinnor
Hill, Rev. B. D’ Oyly Aplin.

Berks. Childswell Farm, Merrett. Between Eynsham Road and
Abingdon, Walk. Plentiful on Streatley Hill. This may be
Bobart’s militdris. Northants, Gloster E.

O. Morio, L. Green-winged Orchis.

Top. Bot. 387. Syme, E. B. ix. 96.1454. Nym. 691.

Native. Pascual. Meadows and pastures. Locally abundant. P.

May.

First record, Sib. 1794.

3. Swere. Hanwell; behind Keeper’s Lodge. Wroxton; between
Bloxham Grove and Adderbury, T. Bees. Tadmarton, Hardwick,
A, Fr.

4, Ray. Abounds in Oldbury and Kirtlington Park! W. Wilson
Saunders. Elsfield, Water Eaton, H. Bos. Noke Meadows, Stow
‘Wood.

5. Isis. Bladon, H. Ridley. Woodstock, Rogers.

6. Thame. Shotover, H. HE. Garnsey/ Nuneham, H. Bos.

It varies in colour from pure white to darkest purple.

O. latifolia, L. Marsh Orchis.

Top. Bot. 389. Syme, E. B. ix. ror. 1458. Nym. 692.

Native. Uliginal. Marshes and wet meadows. Local. Rather rare.
P. June.

First record, Sib. 1794. (Aggregate.)

3. Swere. Bodicote Mill, canalside near the brick bridge towards
King’s Sutton, Gull. Between Bodicote and canal, Broughton,
Drayton, meadow toward King’s Sutton, 7. Bees. Hanwell Spinney
between Milton and Bloxham, 4. Fr.

4, Ray. Headington Wick, H. Bos. Stow Wood, W. Whitwell. Marsh
between Kirtlington and Tackley.

5. Isis. Blenheim, F. Rogers.

6. Thame. Dorchester, Rev. F. Bennett. Shotover, see Rep. of Rec.
Club, 1880.

7. Thames. Nettlebed Wood, A. Fr.

Berks. Kennington, Frilford, etc. Bucks, Northants, Warwick.

Mr. Newbould says the Bullingdon plant may be angustifolia.

The spotless-leaved form is also frequent. The plate in Sm. Eng. Fl.,
2308, ed. i., represents the purple-flowered form of tncarnata; true lati-
folia is figured on No. 2973. The plate labelled O. latifolia in Curtis’ Fl.
Lond. is also incarnata.

Several forms of latifolia are found in Headington Wick Bog, including
a hybrid between it and maculata. This has the solid stem and spreading
leaves of maculata, but the flowers are very nearly those of latifolia. *
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 295

O. incarnata, (L.) Fr.

Syme, E. B. ix. 100.1457. Nym. 692.

Native. Marshes. Rare. P. June.

First record, French and Boswell, about 1870.

2. Ouse. Between Middleton Stoney and Fritwell, 4. Fr.

4. Ray. Headington Wick Copse, H. Bos., Rev. R. Linton!

Berks. Bessilsleigh, Tubney, Rep. of Rec. Club, 1880, 1882. Bucks,
Northants, Gloster E., Kelmsford, Warwick.

Var. 0. angustifolia, Rchb. O. Traunsteinert, Saut. Nym. 692, species.
Native. Marshes. Rare. P. June.

4. Ray. Headington Wick.

I cannot see that this is more than a variety of incarnata.

O. mascula, D. Early Purple Orchis.

Top. Bot. 387. Syme, E. B. ix. 97.1455. Nym. 693.

Native. Sylvestral, ete. Open woods, meadows, chalk downs. Common,
and generally distributed. P. May-July.

First record, Sib. 1794.

White-flowered forms are occasionally met with, and a spotless-leaved
form has also been noticed.

O. maculata, L. Spotted Orchis.

Top. Bot. 390. Syme, HE. B. ix. ror. 1459. Nym. 692.

Native. Sylvestral, ete. Meadows, thickets, marshes, heaths, etc.
Common and generally distributed. P. May, June.

First record, Sib. 1794.

It varies considerably in colour, from white to dark rose purple.

O. pyramidalis, L. Pyramidal Orchis.

Top. Bot. 388. Syme, E. B. ix. go. 1449. Nym. 694.

Anacamptis pyramidalis, Rich.

Native. Glareal, etc. Dry calcareous pastures, roadsides and chalk

downs. Locally common. P. June, July.

First record, Sib. 1794.

2. Ouse. Hardwick Heath! Ardley! Tusmore! Mixbury! Fringford,
RB. C. Pryor. Near Fritwell, A. Fr.

8. Swere. Broughton Park, extinct; plantation beyond Fulling Mill,
T. Bees. Swerford, Mrs. Davis. Deddington, A. Fr. Near
Tadmarton, 0. V. Aplin.

4. Ray. Near Rousham, Rev. E. Fox. Middleton Stoney, F. Rogers /
Begbrook, Kirtlington.

5. Isis. Wychwood! Between Woodstock and Enstone! Sib. Road-
side between Witney and Burford! Bx. Between Chipping Norton
2.96 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

and Shipton, 4. Fr. Between Sturdy’s Castle and Hopcroft’s
Holt, Bx. Woodstock! Rogers. Near Charlbury! J. Albright.
Woodstock Road, five miles from Oxford, H. Bos. Stonesfield!
O. V. Aplin. Steep bank by the Evenlode, Handborough, Blen-
heim, Tainton Quarries.

7. Thames. Caversham Warren! Sid. Lewknor, A. Fr.! Wormsley,
Hb. Bx.! Stokenchurch! H. Bos. Henley, Nuffield, Goring.

Berks. Near South Hinksey, Bx. Basildon, Streatley! Brié. Pang-
bourne.

HABENARIA. Br.

H. conopsea, Benth, Fragrant Orchis.

Gymnadenia conopsea, Br. Orchis, L.

Top. Bot. 390. Syme, E. B. ix. 102.1460. Nym. 695. Bx. 4o9.

Native. Glareal, paludal. Chalk downs, limestone pastures, and

marshes. Local. P. June, July.

First record, Sib. Orchis conopsea, L.

2. Ouse. Cottisford Heath, Gull.

8. Swere. Wroxton lower pond, T. Lamb.

4, Ray. Bogs under Headington Wick Copse! ‘In peat bogs near
Oxford is thrice as large flowers a month or six weeks later, and
more fragrant than the ordinary form,’ H. Bos. in Phyt. 5. 157.
Middleton, R. C. Pryor.

6. Thame. Rough pastures adjoining Cowley Common, Sib.

7. Thames. Lewknor! A. Fr. Goring! R. Linton. Caversham!
Newbould. Watlington Downs! Rev. F. Bennett. Maple Durham,
Pyrton Common, Chinnor, side of Great Wood.

Berks. Old road to Eynsham, Bz. In wet meadows about Wytham,
Hb. Dill. Bucks, Northants.

Is our bog plant the Gymnadenia densiflora A.D., see Reich. Fl.

Deutsch. 424 (?) The spurs are as long as those of the chalk plant.

H. chloroleuca, Fidley. Large Butterfly Orchis.

Habenaria chlorantha, Bab. Orchis bifolia,L. Platanthera chlorantha,
Cust.
Syme, E. B. ix. 107. 1463. Nym. 695.
Native. Sylvestral. Woods, thickets, bushy places. Widely distributed,
but not very common. P. June, July.
First record, Wm. Coles, 1657.
3. Swere. Broughton, very rare, A. Bees. Swerford, Mrs. Davis,
bifolia. Great Tew, A. Fr.
4, Ray. Stow Wood! Wm. Coles. Near Begbrook, Walk., bifolia.
Wood Eaton, H. Ridley. Marston Copse, Piddington Wood,
3 feet high, spike 10 in. long, flowers, 2 in. across.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 297

5. Isis. Wychwood! Blackstone. Ditchley! Aplin. Tar Wood, Sib.
Blenheim, Eynsham, see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1880. Near the Devil’s
Pool, Ditchley.

6. Thame. Shotover! Sib. Orchis bifolia.

7. Thames. Beech Wood, Henley Park Hill, Stokenchurch, bifolia,
Bx. Maple Durham, H. Trimen, Hb. Br. Mus. Chinnor, see Rep.
of Rec. Club, 1883.

Berks. Bagley, Wittenham, Basildon, Streatley, Compton, ete.

H. bifolia, R. Br. Small Butterfly Orchis.

Habenaria bifolia, Bab. Platanthera solstitialis, Bnngh.

Syme, E. B. ix. 105.1464. Nym. 696. Erroneously lettered chlorantha
on plate.

Native. Ericetal and sylvestral. Woods and heathy places. Rare.
P. June.

First record, the Author, 1880.

5. Isis. Wychwood, Ditchley, near the Devil’s Pool.

7. Thames. Chinnor and Crowell Hill.

This is found in shady woods with chloroleuca, as well as on open heathy
ground, which latter in Oxford rather refers to places recently cleared from
wood, so that sylvestral fairly describes it here, Its characters remain
constant when growing in densest shade, as in Ditchley Wood, and I have
failed to find intermediates.

Berks, Bucks, Northants, Gloster E., Warwick.

H. viridis, R. Br. Frog Orchis.

Celoglossum viride, Hart. Platanthera, Lind.

Top. Bot. 292. Syme, E. B. ix. 105. 1462. Nym. 696.

Native. Pascual. Pastures, heaths,and downs. Local. Rather rare.

P. June-Sept.

First record, Johnson in Mercurius, 1634. ‘By Barkway and many

places about Oxford.’ Orchis Batrachites.

8. Swere. Swerford Park, Mrs. Davis.

4, Ray. Meadows near Oxford, Br. in Purton. On the Bicester
Road, six miles from Oxford, R. C. Pryor. Noke, H. Bos.
Beyond Rookery, Marston, T. Thurland/ Near Weston Peat Pits.

5. Isis. South Leigh, Cornbury! Burford Downs, Sib. North Leigh
Heath.

6. Thame. Shotover, Sib.

7. Thames. Lewknor, 4. Fr. Chalk Wood, J. Wood, MSS. Beacon Hill,

Berks. Compton Downs, Isley Downs, Streatley ! Cumnor!

ACERAS. Br.

? A. anthropophora, Br. Man Orchis.
Syme, E. B. ix. 87.1447. Nym. 697.
298 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Native(?) Limestone and chalk pastures. Extremely rare. P. June.

First record, Wm. Colegrave in Bees. MSS., about 1850.

3. Swere. Swerford, Bees. MSS.; in absence of Speinens I should
imagine it to have been Habenaria viridis.

Berks. 0. Anthropophora autumnalis, Col. mas. C. B. The Man
Orchis, with O. Anthrop. oreades altera Col. and O. oreades trunco
pallido brachiis et cruribus saturate rubescentibus. These three
Satyrions were found on several chalky hills near the highway
from Wallingford to Reading on Berkshire side of river by
Mr. Brown! Merrett, 1666. This was probably the Frog and
not the Man Orchis. The third refers to 0. militaris. Bucks (?)
Northants, Colley Weston, Barnack.

OPHEYS. L.
O. aranifera, Huds. Spider Orchis.

Top. Bot. 23 (?) 395. Syme, E. B. ix. 112. 1469, Oxford, Nym. 697.

Native. Glareal. Calcareous pastures, roadsides, old quarries. Hx-

tremely rare, if not extinct. P. March, April.

First record, Merrett, 1667, O. sphegodes major et minor ; near Stoken-

church and in many places about Oxford, Mr. Witham.

5. Isis. On the chalk-ground near Stonesfield, Blackstone. Between
Witney and Burford, a little beyond the fourth milestone from
Witney on the right hand side, among the stone-pits by the road-
side upon rising ground, together with the Thlaspi perfoliatum,
Dr. Lightfoot MSS. about 1770. Mr. F. 7. Richards, Bolton King,
and myself found a barren plant, which I believe to be aranifera,
in the same locality in 1883; it has not yet flowered. Mr.
Richards believes it to be apifera. This locality is given in Sid.

6. Thame. Old stone quarries, Wheatley, Sib. On a hilly piece of
ground near Mr. Shutz’s gate leading to Wheatley, about the stone-
pits, Mr. Hinton, 1806. Not found about Wheatley, 1831, Bz. in
Walk. Very abundantly at Great Haseley, near Great Milton,
May 2, 1840, Daubeny ; not there in 1884.

7. Thames. Caversham Warren, Sib. Stokenchurch, Merrett.
Northants extinct.

O. apifera, Huds. Bee Orchis.

Top. Bot. 394. Syme, E. B. ix. 111. 1467. Nym. 698. Bx. 8.

Native. Glareal, etc. Fields, rail-banks, quarries, brick-pits, almost
always on clay soil. Local. P. June, July.

First record, Wm. Coles, 1647. In many places about Oxford, Merrett,
1666. Orchis Melittias.

8. Swere. Swerford Park, Mrs. Davis. Very abundant 1837, also
A. Fr, 1870.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 299

4. Ray. Ina large close near Elsfield, on the side of the hill between
it and Oxford, Wm. Coles. Tackley railside, Headington Wick.

5. Isis. Chalky ground near Stonesfield, Blacks. Cornbury Park,
T. Lamb Railside, Wolvercote, H. Peake! Woodstock, Wych-
wood, Handborough.

6. Thame. Old road going over Shotover, Bx. 1812. North-west side
of Shotover, Dr. Cradock/ still there 1885. Dorchester, Gough's
Camden. Wheatley above the tunnel.

7. Thames. Penley Hangings, Sib./ 1884. Nuffield, Mongewell, Bz.
Lewknor, A. Fr. Chinnor, R. B. D’Oyly Aplin! Henley Park
Hill. Swincombe Down, H. Bos. Near Goring.

Berks. Streatley Hill, Hurley, Appleton, near South Hinksey. A
little beyond Merley Wood upon high meadow, 1740, Hd. Dill.

Flowers with white wings at Wolvercote.

O. muscifera, Huds. Fly Orchis.

Top. Bot. 395. Syme, E. B. ix. 114.1471. Nym. 698.

Native. Sylvestral. Woods, thickets on chalk or limestone. Local
and rather rare. P. June.

First record, Bobart, 1699, Orchis muscee corpus referens minor, J. B.
‘In herbidis montosis ad sylvarum ceduarum margines, solo presertim-
cretaceo v. g. circa Stokenchurch, Henley,’ Morison, iii.

5. Isis. Stonesfield, Rev. .4. Robertson.

7. Thames. Henley! Stokenchurch! Bodart. Wormsley! Sib. Near
Henley, Daubeny, 1842, Bx, 1831; there in 1884. Maple Durham
Whitchurch, Hartslock Wood, Goring, Aston Wood, between
Hollandridge and Whitehill Shaw, Penley Wood.

Berks. Cookham, Bisham, Basildon, Hinksey, Appleton, Brit. Absent
from Warwick.

HERMINIUM. Br.

H. monorchis, Br. Musk Orchis.

Top. Bot. 23 (?) 394. Syme, E. B. ix. 110. 1466. Nym. 699.
Native. Chalky and limstone pastures. Very rare, if not extinct. P.
June, July. ‘
First record, Orchis odorata moschata sive Monorchis, C. B. ‘ Sylvis
pago Stokenchurch dicto vicinis et declivibus prope Cawsham, aliisque
consimilibus, preesertim cretaceo solo gaudet,’ Bobart, 1699; Morison, iii.
497, Junio mense floret. -
5. Isis. On the west side of Wootton field, two miles from Woodstock
[now enclosed], Dr. Lightfoot, MSS.

7. Thames. Caversham Hills by the Thames side, Bobart, 1699. Dr.
Lightfoot, specimen in Hb. Br. Mus. 1760. Stokenchurch Wood,
Bobart; also J. Oglander, July 24, 1820.

Berks (?) Bucks. Northants extinct. Gloster E.
300 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Orv. LXXVIII. IRIDEA, Br.

IRIs. L.
* * Tris germanica, L. Nym. 700.
Alien. Garden escape at Marston and by the Tennis Court in Norham
Gardens.
I. pseudacorus, L.

Top. Bot. 397. Syme, E. B. ix. 145.1495. Nym.7o2. Bx. 82.
Native. Paludal. Riversides and marshy places. Common. P. June,
July. Frequent in all the districts except the Stour.

Var. I. Pseudacorus, Bor. Marshes. Rare.
4. Ray. Headington Wick, with acoriformis.
Var. I. acoriformis, Bor. Syme, E. B. ix. 145. 1495.

4, Ray. Cherwell side, Headington Wick.

5. Isis. Port Meadow, the common river from heuce to Kelmscott.
6. Thame. Iffley, etc.

7. Thames. Mongewell southwards.

This is the common Iris of the Thames and Cherwell.

I. feetidissima, L. Stinking Gladdon.

Top. Bot. 396. Syme, E. B. ix. 143. 1494. Nym. 702.
Native. Sylvestral. Woods and thickets. Very rare. P. June,
July.

First record, Blackstone, 1737, on a hill near Oxford Castle.

4, Ray. Copse, Elsfield, Mr. Rowley in Purton. Rev, E. Fox believes
he has seen it near Steeple Barton. 5

5. Isis. Oxford Castle, Blacks., extinct. Near Woodstock Park,
Daubeny, 1841.

7. Thames. Henley, H. Ridley. Hartslock Wood, W. Pamplin /

Berks. Bagley, Rev. E. Fox. Moulsford. Bucks. Northants alien.
Gloster E., Warwick.

* Crocus vernus, Wulf.
Alien. Woods at Marsh Baldon, Rev. H. E. For.
[Crocus nudiflorus, Sm. Lammas and Pigwell Fields near Warwick.]

Orv. LXXTX. AMARYLLIDEA, Br.
NARCISSUS. L.
N. Pseudo-Narcissus, L. Daffodil.
Top. Bot. 397*. Syme, E. B. ix. 157. 1501. Nym. 708. Bx. 73.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 301

Native. Sylvestral. Woods and thickets. Local. P. March-April.

First record, Sib. 1794.

3. Swere. Hanwell plantation, Gull,; not wild in this district.

4. Ray. Noke Wood, Sib./ 1884. Wood near Wood Eaton, Bz.
Probably same locality, Tackley.

5. Isis. Wychwood! H. Bos. Glympton, Rev. E. Fox. Woods
between Tackley and Glympton, Lady Grove, 7. Westcombe.

6. Thame. North side, Shotover, Walk. Fl.; probably planted.

7. Thames. Lambridge Woods, 7. Hopkins, M.A.

Berks. Bagley Wood, Tubney, Appleton, Powder Hill Copse. The
latter locality referred to by Mat. Arnold: ‘I know the wood
which hides the daffodil ;’ ‘ Thyrsis,

Bucks +, Northants, Gloster, Warwick.

In Trans. Linn. Soc., vol. v. 1800, reference is made to ‘ N. Sibthorpii,
Haworth ; nectario ore patulo, corolla tube abbreviated, found wild in Oxon
by Dr. Sibthorp, and is probably the N. Pseudo Narcissus of Fl. Oxon,’
but the Noke daffodils are quite typical. The daffodil is marked with an
asterisk in Top. Bot., but the plant is almost certainly a native of the
county.

* N, major, Curt.

Comp. Cyb. 580. Nym. 709.

Denizen. Fields, orchards, plantations, Rather rare. P. March—April.
First record, the Author, 1881.

8. Swere. Field near Lovell’s Lynches, Hooknorton.

4. Ray. Near Water Eaton Manor House, near Tackley.

Northants, Warwick.

* N. biflorus, Curt.

Syme, E. B. ix. 161. 1503. Nym. 710.
Alien. Fields. Rare. P. April.

4. Ray. Near Tackley, F. A. Bellamy!
Northants, Warwick.

* N. poeticus, LD. Pheasant’s Eye.

Syme, E. B. ix. 162. 1504. Nym. 710.

Alien. Fields. Very rare. P. April.

4, Ray. Near Tackley, quite naturalized.

7. Thames. Recently planted on Binfield Heath.

Warwick.

LEvUCcOJUM. L.

[* L. vernum, L.

Top. Bot. 398. Syme, E. B. ix. 165.1506. Nym. 714.

Alien. First record, Dr. Woodward, 1834.

Hb. Lawson spec. with this note: ‘It grows in considerable quantities
alongside of a ploughed field behind the Roman Catholic Church at Hethe,
302, FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

near Bicester. It occupies a space about twenty yards in length by five in
width, being in fact that part of the enclosure which, from the nature of
the ground, could not be profitably tilled by the farmer; but it did formerly
extend over a much larger extent until a part of the copse which formed
the course of the field was brought into cultivation, and this was the case
only a year before I saw the plant, which was in 1837. In consequence
I saw strewed in the furrows a great abundance of the bulb turned up by
the relentless ploughshare. Happily, however, the spot, still untouched, is
of that declivitous nature as to render it improbable that it will ever be
encroached upon. Growing close by the Leucojum I found Galanthus
nivalis and Vinca minor. The vicinity of these plants renders it in my
estimation very doubtful (whether) the Leucojum is indigenous, at all
events it is a long-established denizen, There are no traces of building
at hand, but there is a small farm-house about 160 yards distant. The
oldest inhabitant remembers the place in the same state that it was until
the present occupier ploughed the field nearer to the hedge. EH. F. Witts.
‘T have now in flower in the Bot. Gard. some bulbs of L. vernum, sent me
about two years ago by G. Woodward, Hsqg. This gentleman informed me
they were obtained from a brake near the Roman Catholic Chapel at
Hethe, where they had established themselves in unusual quantities.
Mr. Woodward tells me it has been known to grow there for more than
a century.’ Gard. Mag., July 1836, p. 371; W. Baxter. Near Bicester,
Bab. Man. Near a farmhouse, Bicester, Hook. St. Fl. Hethe is five miles
from Bicester. Mr. F. T. Richards and the Author searched for it
assiduously in 1881 and 1882, but unsuccessfully, no traces of Leucajum,
Vinca, or Galanthus being visible.
Plants from this locality are still cultivated in the Botanic Garden.]

L. estivum, LD. Summer Snowflake.

Top. Bot. 398. Syme, E. B. ix. 164.1505. Nym. 714. Bx. 55.

Native. Paludal. Osier-holts and shady places by the Thames side.

Local. P. May, June.

First record, Rev. W. 7. Bree, in Purton, 1821.

6. Thame. Banks of Isis below Iffley and Sandford, Rev. W. T. Bree.
Sandford, St. John’s Island, W. Barnes in Walk. In an osier-holt
between Iffley and Sandford, 1865! Dyer, Hb. Br. Mus. Little-
more, fev. A. Ley, Rep. L. Bot. Hx. Club, 1868! Sandford, Rev.
R. Linton! Banks of Isis near Oxford, Syme, EH. B. These records
refer probably to two localities only. Between Sandford and
Nuneham, Hb. Lawson. Marsh Baldon, H, Bos. Clifton Hampden
to Dorchester.

7. Thames. Sonning! F. Tufnail. In plenty on mud banks of small
wooded islet on the Oxon shore of river opposite the middle mouth of
Loddon, Shiplake, F. A. Lees. Little Stoke, Maple Durham.

Berks. Reading, near Shiplake, Sonning, Wittenham, etc. Bucks.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 303

GALANTHUS. JL.

G. nivalis, L. Snowdrop.

Comp. Cyb. 580. Syme, E. B. ix. 167. 1507. Nym. 714. Bx. 33.

Alien. Orchards, plantations, etc. Rare. P. March.

2. Ouse. Hethe, G. Woodward, see Leucojum vernum. Tusmore.

3. Swere. Hanwell Plantation, Gull. Hooknorton.

4, Ray. Water Eaton field near Manor House; Tackley.

6. Thame. Chapel-yard at Rycote, Bx.

7. Thames. Wood near Chequers Common, the most wild situation in
Oxon ; but here it may have been the site of a cottage, although no
traces of such are visible.

Berks. Reading, Enborne, Hampstead Norris, Appleton, Bessilsleigh,

Brit.

Orv. LXXX. ASPARAGEA, DC.

RuUscUs. L.

R. aculeatus, L. Butcher's Broom.

Top. Bot. 23*. Syme, E. B. ix. 184.1516. Nym. 715. Bx. 474.

Native. Sylvestral. Woods on the chalk. Planted elsewhere. Rare.
P. March.

First record, Ruscus, Matth. ‘In sylvis in comitatibus cum Berche-
riensi tum Oxoniensi haud longe a Redingo oppido aliusque copiose
nascitur, Bobart, 1699, Morison, iii.

8. Swere. Wall Close, West St., garden escape, Bees. Hanwell Wood.

4. Ray. Magdalen College Walks, planted.

7. Thames. Near Reading, Bobart in Morison and Ray, iii. Harts-
lock Wood! Henley! H. Bos. Maple Durham, Goring, Whit-
church.

Berks. Streatley. Bucks.

* Asparagus campestris, Reich.

Alien. Garden escape, old walls, etc. Rare.

5. Isis. Walls of Godstow Nunnery.

7. Thames. Maple Durham.

POLYGONATUM. WMch.
P. multifiorum, All. Solomon’s Seal.
Syme, E. B. ix. 177.1513. Nym. 717.
Native or denizen. Sylvestral. Woods and thickets. Very rare. P.
May, June.

First record, H. Boswell, 1859.
3. Swere. Swerford, Rev. E. Fox. Mrs, Davis informs me she planted
304 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

it there. Lovell’s Lynches, Hooknorton, A. Fr. Galanthus grows
with it, and Paris, the latter native.
4. Ray. Thrupp, H. Boswell.
Although abundant in the Berkshire woods, it is not on record for the
Thames district.
Berks. Morison (Bobart), Ray’s Cat. Unwell Wood, Ashridge Woods,
Compton, Kintbury, Newbury, Ilsley, Brit.
Bucks, Gloster E., Northants.

LP. officinale, L. Gloster E.]

CONVALLARIA. L.
C. majalis, L. Lily of the Valley.
Top. Bot. 404. Syme, EH. B. ix. 180. 1514. Nym. 717. Bx. 78.
Native. Sylvestral. Woods and coppices. Very rare. P. May, June.
First record, Blackstone, 1746.
. Ouse. Stoke Lyne Great Wood, R. Woodward.
. Swere. Shelswell, HE. Walford.
. Ray. Woodcroft near Bayswater, F. Thurland. Tackley, H. Bos.
. Isis. Coppices of Wychwood sparingly, Blackstone. Mill Wood.
. Thames. Beech Woods, Stokenchurch, Sib/ 1885. Island in
Thames near Reading, Britten.

Berks. Bagley Wood, W. Coles, 1647! 1885. Childswell Farm,

Dr. Williams. Bucks, Northants, Gloster E., Warwick.

NT OTR 09 DO

PARIS. L.

P. quadrifolia, D. Herb Paris. '

Top. Bot. 406. Syme, E. B. ix. 173.1509. Nym.717. Bx. 6.

Native. Sylvestral. Woods. Local. P. May, June.

First record, James Benwell, about 1790.

3. Swere. Hooknorton! Bees. Swerford, Mrs. Davis.

4, Ray. Abundant in woods near Oxford, Rev. W. T. Bree in Purton.
Headington Wick Copse, Sib.’ Noke Wood, H. Bos. Beckley
Wood.

5. Isis. Pinsley Wood, W. Bx. Eynsham Wood, H. Ridley. Tar' ' '
Wood, H. Bos. Parkwall Copse, Charlbury; Cornbury near the
pond, 7. Westcombe. Sarsgrove, Gull. Tar Wood, H. Bos.

7. Thames. Mongewell! J. Oglander. Woody ravine adjoining Stoken-
church Common, Phyt. i, 119. Wormsley, Hb. Br. Upper
Assenton, #. Jenner, 1832. Woods near North End, F. Tufnaitl.
Aston Wood.

Berks. Wytham Wood, Compton, Woodbury, etc., Brit.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 305

Orv. LXXXI. DIOSCOREA, Br.

TAMUS. L.
T. communis, L. Black Briony.
Top. Bot. 466. Syme, E. B. ix. 171. 1508. Nym. 718. Bx. 2g1.
Native. Septal. Hedges, thickets. Common and generally distri-

buted. P. June-July.
First record, Sib. 1794.

Orv. LXXXII. LILIACEH, DC.

* Lilium Martagon, L. Turk’s Cap.

Comp, Cyb. 580. Syme, E. B. ix. 9.1518. Nym. 721. Bx. 501.

Alien. Garden escape, as by railside between Church Handborough and
Combe, F. 7. Richards! Established at Dorchester, Rev. F. Bennett.

FRITILLARIA. JL.
F. Meleagris, L. Fritillary. Snake’s-head.

Top. Bot. 399. Syme, E. B. ix. 189.1519. Nym. 721. Bx. 1.
Native. Paludal. Wet meadows. Locally abundant. P. April,
May.

First record, Dr. Lightfoot, 1785.

4. Ray. Magdalen College Meadow, Dr. Lightfoot.

5. Isis. By the Windrush at Witney ! and Minster Lovell, J. Albright.
Near Bampton on the Isis, H. Bos. Eynsham, M. Arnold. Near
St. Edward’s School, H. Peake. Standlake, Wh. in Watk.

6. Thame. Cowley Meadow! Sb. Abundant in a few meadows
about Oxford, Daubeny’s Guide. Both red and white, abundant
about Oxford, Rev. W.T. Bree in Purton. Christ Church Meadow,
Newb., do., Hb. Br. Mus. coll. Dyer. Osier holt near Sandford,
1865. Iffey Meadows, Kennington Island, Thame, Chiselhampton.

‘I know what white, what purple Fritillaries
The grassy harvest of the river fields
Above by Eynsham, down by Sandford, yields,
And what sedged’ brooks are Thames’ tributaries.’
M. ARNOLD.
«The purple Fritillaries which every Oxford man has gathered by hand-
fuls in the spongy meadows about Iffley Lock, with their dark-spotted
petals converging into a bell, and nectaries at the base producing each a
drop of honey,’ Grant Allen, Mac. Mag. vol. 47, p. 33-
Berks. Iffley, Burghfield, Blewbury, ete. Bucks, Gloster W., War-
wick.
x
306 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

One year, Mr. Baker informs me, Prof. Lawson sent to Kew 3000
specimens for use at the Science and Art Examination at South Kensington.
This will give some idea of its abundance.

* Tylipa sylvestris, LD. Wild Tulip.

Cyb. 2. 449. Syme, E. B. ix. 190. 1520, Nym. 723. Bx. 2.

Alien, Orchards, plantations, etc. P. May, June.

First record, Dr. Williams in Purton, 1821.

5. Isis. Christ Church Meadow, Dr. Williams! 1884. By a wood
between Woodstock and Kidlington, 1856, H. Bos.

6. Thame. End of Cheney Lane, corner of last field on right, near old
well, Dr. Williams.

7. Thames. In an orchard coppice Shiplake, and Binfield Heath,
W. G. P. in Phyt. v. 315.

Berks. Boar's Hill, Bolton King! Bessilsleigh, Miss Hoskyns.
Bucks, Westbury, Hon. Mrs. Barrington. Ashridge Park, Dr.
Inghtfoot. Northants, Courteenhall.

GAGEA. Sisb.

G. lutea, Ker. Yellow Star of Bethlehem.

Top. Bot. 402. Syme, E. B, ix. 193. 1522. Nym. 725. Bx. 41.

Native. Sylvestral. Woods and shady places. Local. P. March,

April.

First record, Sir Jos. Banks, 1760. Ornithogalum luteum (L.), Sid.

3. Swere. Swerford abundant, Mrs. Davis.

4. Ray. Beckley Wood.

5. Isis. North Leigh, Hanging Woods, Dr. Lightfoot. Woods about
Oxford, Sir Jos. Banks. Not far from Woodstock, Hb. Banks
Br. Mus. Woods near Ashford Mills! Fawler, Sib. Finstock,
1851, J. Westcombe. Blenheim Park near new Bridge, outside
Cornbury Park wall, J. Coles. Lady Wood near Wilcote, J. M.
Albright. Wood near Crawley, Wychwood, W. Westell. Mill
Wood! Miss Taunton.

6. Thame. Corner of Nuneham Park near Culham Station, Prof.
Lawson, 1876.

Berks. Near Cumnor, Childswell Farm, Chawley Hurst. Northants,
Roade, Sibbertoft. Gloster E. Warwick.

ORNITHOGALUM. L.
* O. umbellatum, D. Star of Bethlehem.
Comp. Cyb. 582. Syme, E, B. ix. 196.1524. Nym. 727. Bx. 124.
First record, Sib. 1794.
2. Ouse. Mixbury, R. C. Pryor.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 307

3. Swere. Near Bodicote Mill, Gull. Hanwell Plantation, cornfield
near Bloxham Grove, A. Fr.

4. Ray. Barton, Sib. Field between Cherwell and Marston Road,
H. Ridley. Park Meadow, Rev. E. Fox. Water Eaton.

5. Isis. Christ Church Meadow, Sid. Copse near Godstow, Ridley /
1885.

6. Thame. Clifton Hampden, Rev. F. Bennett. Copse near Sandford
Toll Gate, 1831; Ba.

7. Thames. Gathampton, H. Bos., also Hb. Lawson /

Berks. Quarry Wood, Remenham.

*Q. nutans, L.

Myogalum nutans, Lk.

Comp. Cyb. 582. Syme, E. B. ix. 195. 1323. Nym. 728.

Alien. Meadows, plantations, ete. Rare. P. April.

First record, Miss Edwards, 1834, in Walk.

4. Ray. Magdalen College Meadow, Miss Edwards, do., H. Bos. 1862.
Water Eaton, Rep. of Rec. Club, 1881.

5. Isis. Near Finstock, 7. Westcombe, 1844, Hb. Br. Mus.

[O. pyrenaicum, Z. Ashridge Woods, East Ilsley. Berks. Gloster ?].

SCILLA. L.

S. nutans, D. Bluebell. Wild Hyacinth.

Top. Bot. 403. Syme, E. B. ix. 201.1528. Nym.731. Bx. 74.

Endymion nutans, Dum. Hyacinthus nonscriptus, L.  Agraphis
nutans, Lk.

Native. Sylvestral. Woods, thickets, hedges. Abundant. P. May,
June.

First record, Plot, 1677, with pink and white flowers.

8. Swere. With white flowers in Shutford, Bees. Swerford do., Mrs.

Davis. Hanwell, pink flowers, A. Fr.
4, Ray. Near Enslow Bridge, pale pink, 1V. Wilson Saunders. White,
Tackley.

5. Isis. Wychwood, white and pink.

6. Thame. Shotover, white, Ridley.

7. Thames. Goring, white and pink.

On Shotover they are most abundant, the north side showing blue with
them from a long distance. The woods near Goring, and the slopes of
‘Wychwood, also show this plant in great beauty. In Berks, Wytham
Wood is another locality in which they are found in profuse growth.
Baxter noticed on it for the first time in Britain, Puccinia Scillorum, Grev.
The bracts vary considerably in size. In Shotover Plantations a plant
had them so much developed as to be more than double the length of
flower.

[S. autumnalis, Z. Gloster E.]

x2
308 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

BOTRYANTHUS. Kith.

* B. odorus, Kth. Grape Hyacinth.

Muscari racemosum, Miller.

Comp. Cyb. 334. Syme, E. B. ix. 202. 1529. Nym. 734. Bx. 92.

Alien. Plantations, walls, etc. Not native. Rare. P. March-

May.

First record, ante 1835, Baxter.

3. Swere. Damp plantation north of Adderbury, 1881, 0. V. Aplin.

4, Ray. Old walls in Bicester and Wendlebury, Be.

6. Thame. In Shotover Plantations a patch in March, 1860, apparently
as native as the primroses and violets with which it grew. Still
there in 1876, H. Bos.

Berks. Newbury, Sin. Engl. Fl.

ALLIUM. L.

A. vineale, L.

Top. Bot. 400. Syme, HE. B. ix. 210.1534. Nym. 737.

Native. Dry banks, old walls, hedgesides, Local. Ratherrare. June,

July.

First record, Sib. 1794, or Mr. Stonehouse, 1650.

8. Swere. Bretch, A. oleraceum, of Bees. list in Top. Bot. ‘In the
spring of 1843 I found numerous young plants with fistulous leaves
and a garlic smell, evidently an Allium, but in June they had
all disappeared ; an individual transplanted to the garden was dug
up. From a specimen found on May 17, 1847, this proves to be
A, vineale, also on the south side of the lane from Broughton gate
to the Castle, plentiful at Bretch, 1864,’ Bees. MSS. Garden wall
against. the church Adderbury, T. Brayne. Between Milton and
Bloxham, A. Fr.

4, Ray. Marston Fields, Bolton King! Near Bicester, T. Brayne.

5. Isis. Meadows near Botley Road, Sib. Godstow Nunnery, Bz. /
1884. Between Witney and Burford, F. Westell. Broughton
Poggs.

6. Thame. Bullingdon, AH. Bos. Riverside between Culham and
Clifton Lock, H..L. Garnsey..

7. Thames, Kidmore, F. Tufnail. Between Caversham and Maple
Durham, Sib. Near Ewelme. Between Hardwick and Maple
Durham.

Berks. Streatley, South Hinksey.

Var. A. compactum, Thuil.

3. Swere. Swerford, 7. Bees. 1864.
6. Thame. Dorchester, Rev. F. Bennett.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 309

‘A, sive porrum sylvestre. Wilde Leeke amongst barley, Bechentree,
Mr. Stonehouse in How's Phytologia, 1650, probably belongs here.

Berks, Cookham.

A. ursinum, ZL. Ramsons.

Top. Bot. 401. Syme, E. B. ix. 219. 1540. Nym. 738. Bx. 97.

Native. Woods. Local. Rather rare. May, June.

First record, Blackstone, 1737.

3. Swere. Plentiful by brook between Bloxham Grove and Adder-
bury West.

4, Ray. Stow Wood! Headington Wick Copse, Sib. Near Norton
Windmill, Bicester, G. Woodward. Beckley Wood.

5. Isis. By the side of a brook near Cornbury Quarry, and not else-
where as I observed, Blackstone MSS. Ditchley Wood! by the
pond Cornbury! T. Westcombe.

7. Thames. Maple Durham! F. Tufnail. Chinnor Wood.

[A. oleraceum, Z.

Syme, E. B. ix. 213. 1505.

Top. Bot. 399, error, see under A. vineale, L.]
Northants, Gloster W., Warwick.

[Narthecium ossifragrum, L. Lancashire Asphodel.

Berks. Bulmersh Park, Sonning Hill Wells, Dr. Lightfoot. Windsor
Great Park. Bucks, Warwick, Gloster W.]

COLCHICUM. JL.

Cc. autumnale, L. Meadow Saffron.

Top. Bot. 407. Syme, E. B. ix. 225.1544. Nym. 742. Bx. 17.

Native. Woods, thickets, meadows. Locally abundant. P.

First record, Merrett, 1666. Colchicum Anglicum petalis ex albo et pur-
pureo dimidiatim mixtis hec tria Colchica crescunt in prato juxta Comb.,
D. Brown.

8. Swere. Deepslade, Claydon Hill, near North Newington, Gull. and

Bees. Ox Hill, T. Brayne. Worton Wood, R. French. ©

4. Ray. Near Stow Wood, 7. Thurland. Field south of Kirtlington
called Galway Close, also sparingly in Oldbury, W. W. Saunders.
Between Barton and Headington, Bx.in Purton. Between Bicester
and Langford Lane, G. Woodward. Upper Heyford, Bx. Tackley,
Rev. E. Fox.

5, Isis. Combe, Mr. Brown in Merrett! Moist meadows below
Stonesfield, and in several parts of Wychwood, plentifully, Black-
stone. Sarsgrove, Cornwell, Spilsbury, 7. Bees. Heythorp, Ash-
ford Mills! Sib. Church Handborough, Bx. Rollright, Miss
310 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Armetriding. Alvescott, Mr. Barrett. Leafield, near Filkins and
Bradwell, Bishop of Carlisle. Stanton Harcourt, Sib. Ditchley,
0. V. Aplin! Stonesfield, Mill Wood, Wootton Wood, Burford,
very abundant in Wychwood and Ditchley Wood. Oxford refer-
ences are given in Ray, Sm. Eng. Fl., Martyn, Gough, Bot. Guide,
etc.

Berks. Appleton, Cumnor, Eaton Stibble.

Orv. LXXXITI. JUNCACEA, Fr.

sguNCUS. DC.

J. conglomeratus, LD. Clustered Rush.

Top. Bot. 430. Syme, E. B. x. 20.1561. Nym. 747.

Native. Paludal. Wet fields, ditches, and wet places. Rather com-
mon and generally distributed. P. June, July.

First record, Sib. 1794.

Lax flowered forms occur, when the minute terminal mucro to the cap-
sule will distinguish this from the next plant.

J. effusus, L. Soft Rush.

Top. Bot. 430. Syme, E. B. x. 21.1561. Nym. 746.

Native. Paludal, etc. Marshes, moist heaths, wet ditches, etc. Rather
commoner than preceding species. P. July, Aug.

Occurs in all the districts.

First record, Sib. 1794.

J. diffusus, Hoppe.

Syme, E. B. x. 24.1562. Nym. 746. Comp. Cyb. 351.
Native. Paludal. Wet heaths, marshes. Rare or overlooked. P.
July, Aug.

First record, the Author, Journ. Bot. 1884, p. 348.

5. Isis. North Leigh Heath, Grove Wood border, near Kingham, with
glaucus and effusus. From the former it is readily distinguished by
its continuous pith and smaller capsules, from effusus by the glossy
black sheaths and stronger stems. The plant varies not only in
colour and stem striation but also in the continuity of pith. See
also Rep. of Rec. Club, 1884.

Berks. Childswell Farm, H. Boswell in Hb. Br. Mus., 1861. Near
Oddington. Gloster E., Warwick.

J. glaucus, Sid. Hard Rush.

Top. Bot. 430. Syme, E. B. x. 25. 1563. Nym. 746.
Native. Paludal. Wet meadows, roadsides, heaths. Common in all
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 311

the districts. Drainage is decreasing it round Oxford, where it still occurs
by canalside close to Hythe Bridge. P. July.
First record, Sid. 1794.

J. obtusifiorus, Ehrh.

Top. Bot. 432. Syme, E. B. x. 28.1516. Nym. 747.

Native. Uliginal. Marshes, bogs. Local. Decreasing. P. July-
Sept.

First record, Baxter in Purton, app. 182. Common in boggy places
about Oxford, and with Puccinia striola, Lk., on the dead culms,
Be. MSS.

3. Swere. Hanwell Bog, BR. French.

4, Ray. Weston-on-the-Green, Mr. Holliday/ Beckley, Rev. Moyle
Rogers. Headington Wick abundant, marsh by railside near
Merton.

6. Thame. Bullingdon Green! Bz. South side Shotover, H. Bos. /
North side Shotover rare.

Berks. Frilford, Bagley, Powder Hill Copse, Childswell Farm. North-
ants, Gloster E. (?), Warwick.

J. sylvaticus, Reich.

J. acutiflorus, Ehrh. J. xemorosus, Sib.

Top. Bot. 431. Syme, E. B. x. 29.1567. Nym. 747.

Native. Paludal. Wet meadows, moist woods, ete. P. July, Aug.

Recorded from all the districts, but much less common than lampro-
carpus.

J. lamprocarpos, Ehrh., who by an error wrote it ampocarpos.

Top. Bot. 431. Syme, E. B. x. 31.1568. Nym. 747. Bx. 399.

Native. Uliginal, etc. Wet meadows, ditches, pondsides, etc. Com-
mon in all the districts. P. July-Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794. J. compressus, Variat foliis fasciculatis ex
morsura insectorum floribus viviparis.

J.supinus, Uch. J. uliginosus, Roth. (Sib.)

Top. Bot. 432. Syme, E. B. x. 33.1570. Nym. 748.

Native. Uliginal. Moist heaths, wet boggy places. Rather rare. P.

July, Aug.

First record, Sir Joseph Banks, about 1760, near Oxford.

4. Ray. Marston.

5. Isis. Eynsham Heath, var. vivipara, Sib. Wychwood, North Leigh,
var. subverticillata, W. Ramsden Heath.

6. Thame. Bullingdon, var. vivipara, Sib. Shotover, Hb. Ba. Rail-
side Wheatley.

7. Thames. Nettlebed, Binfield Heath.
312 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

J. squarrosus, L. Heath Rush.

Top. Bot. 434. Syme, E. B. x. 39.1571. Nym. 748.

Native. Ericetal. Heaths. Very rare, if not extinct. P. July.

First record, Sir Jos. Banks, 1760.

5. Isis. Witney Common, Hd. Banks, Br. Mus. Eynsham Heath,

Sib.

It is singularly absent from Binfield Heath, and has been vainly sought
for on North Leigh Heath. Witney Common is now a topographical
expression, and probably Eynsham and North Leigh are identical.

Berks. Bucks, Northants, very rare. Warwick.

J. compressus, Jacq. Round-fruited Rush.

Top. Bot. 433. Syme, E. B. x. 37.1575. Nym. 748.

Native. Paludal. Moist meadows. Local andrare. P. June, July.
First record, Sib. J. bulbosus.

3. Swere. Marches Banbury, 7. Bees.
4, Ray. In a field at further end of Marston Lane where the road

turns down to Marston, Between Oddington and Otmoor, Bz.
Weston-on-the-Green, Mr. Holliday.

5. Isis. Binsey, 81d. Wood margin, clayey soil, Bladon, see Rep. of
Rec. Club, 1880. Riverside Osney, fine specimen.

6. Thame. In long meadow between St. Clement’s and Iffley, by side
of a cart-road leading from the London Road to Cowley Marsh,
Bullingdon Green, between Cowley Marsh and Cowley, Ba.

Berks. Sunninghill, Dr. Lightfoot. Near Bablock Hithe, F.
Walker. Grandpont, H. Bos. Happy Valley, Rep. of Rec. Club,
1881. Northants. ;

[J. Gerardi, Lois. Warwickshire.]

J. bufonius, Z. Toad Rush.

Top. Bot. 433. Syme, E. B. iii. 10. 35.1572. Nym. 749.

Native. Paludal, etc. Moist woods, pondsides, etc. Found in all the
districts. A. July, Aug.

First record, Sib. 1794.

The form or variety fasciculatus, Bert., occurs at Nettlebed, Binfield,
ete., and var. J. ranartus, P., with subsolitary flowers and shorter perianth
leaves has also been found.

LUZULA. DC.
L. maxima, DC. Great Wood Rush.

L. sylvatica, Gaud. Juncus sylvaticus, Huds.
Top. Bot. 434. Syme, E. B. x. 7.1549. Nym. 750.
Native. Sylvestral. Woods, thickets, Rather rare. P. April, May.

First record, $id. 1794.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 313

4. Ray. Stow Wood, Sib. /

6. Thame. Shotover! Tar Wood, Sib.

7. Thames. Stokenchurch Woods.

Berks. Common in Bagley Wood and in coppices about Boar’s Hill
and Wootton. Bucks, Northants! Gloster, Warwick.

L. vernalis, DC. Small Hairy Wood Rush.

L. pilosa, W. Juncus pilosus, Huds. ( Sib.)

Top. Bot. 435. Syme, E. B. x. 5.1548. Nym. 752.

Native. Sylvestral. Woods and thickets. Not uncommon. P. April,
May.

First record, Sb. 1794.

2. Ouse. Tusmore.

4, Ray. Noke and Stow Wood, H. Bos. Beckley Copse, H. E. Garnsey.

5. Isis. Stonesfield, Wychwood, Ditchley, Lee’s Rest.

6. Thame. Brasenose College Wood, H. EB. Garnsey. Shotover.

7. Thames. Goring, Checkendon.

Berks. Bagley, Wootton, Tubney.

LL. Forsteri, DC.

Top. Bot. 435. Syme, E. B. x. 4.1547. Nym. 752.

Native. Sylvestral. Dry woods. Local. P. April, May.

First record, W. Baxter, 1831, May 31.

7. Thames. Beech Wood about a mile and a-half from Henley, near
road to High Wycombe, Bz. College Wood, Checkendon, Chinnor,
Sunley Wood.

Berks. Streatley, Bisham, Quarry Wood. Bucks, Gloster W.

LL. erecta, Desv.

L. multiflora, Lej.

Top. Bot. 435. Syme, E. B.x.9. 1550. Nym. 752.

Native. Ericetal. Heaths,commons. Local. Rather rare. P. May,

June.

First record, Sib. 1794. Juncus campestris, var. elatior.

8. Swere. Pin Hill, Neithrop, A. Fr.

4. Ray. Tackley Heath, Headington Wick.

5. Isis. Eynsham Heath, Sid. North Leigh Heath, congesta. Finstock
Heath, Bruern Wood and congesta.

6. Thame. Bullingdon, Sib. North side Shotover, Bx. congesta.

7. Thames. Binfield Heath, congesta, Lej.

Berks. Bagley Wood, Wootton, Frilford, congesta.

L. campestris, DC’. Field Rush,
Top. Bot. 753. Syme, E. B. x. 9.1549. Nym. 752. Bx. 379.
314 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Native. Pascual. Fields and pastures. Common in all the districts.
P. April, May.

First record, Sib., Juncus campestris.

Both forms umbellata and congesta occur.

Orv. LXXXIV. AROIDEA, Juss.

ACORUS. L.

A. Calamus, L. Sweet Flag.

Top. Bot. 428. Syme, E. B. ix. 11.1391. Nym. 754. Bx. 330.

Native or denizen. Paludal. Riversides. Local. P. June~Aug.

First record, Sib. 1794.

4. Ray. Mesopotamia, it was planted here by Mr. Baxter.

6. Thame. Dorchester, Stb./ Between Oxford and Iffley, and Iffley
and Sandford, Bz./ in Purton. Thame River, Bx. Abundant by
the Thame near Dorchester.

7. Thames. Banks of the Thames above Reading, Oxford side, F. A.
Lees. Near Pangbourne, Newb. !

Berks. Typha aromatica clava rugosa, nobis circa piscinas et canales
Honoratissimi et Maecenatis insignis, H. Comitis de Clarendon apud
Swallowfield in com. Bercher., Morison, iii. 275. Iffley, Sandford. Bucks,
Marlow. Northants, planted. Warwick, planted.

ARUM. L.

A. maculatum, L. Lords and Ladies. Cuckoo-pint.

Top. Bot. 427. Syme, E. B. ix. 13. 1392. Nym. 755. Bx. 261.

Native. Sylvestral. Woods, thickets, hedges. Common in all the
districts, but owing to the trimming of hedgerows less frequent than
formerly. P. April, May.

First record, Sib. 1794.

The form with unspotted leaves is nearly as frequent as the type.

Orv. LXXXV. LEMNACE, Durt.

LEMNA. L.
L. trisulca, LD. Ivy leaved Duckweed.

Top. Bot. 426. Syme, E. B. ix. 17.1394. Nym. 756.
Native. Lacustral. Ponds, ditches, stagnant water. Not uncommon.
A. June.
First record, Sib. 1794.
8. Swere. Ditch beyond Mill Meadow. Cherwell near Grimsbury,
Bees,
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 315

4, Ray. Otmoor, Bicester, Kirtlington.

5. Isis. Port Meadow, Wolvercote, Bx./ Blenheim, Rogers/ Binsey,
Osney, Christ Church Meadow.

6. Thame. Waterstock, A. Fr. Tetsworth.

7. Thames. North Stoke, Caversham.

L. minor, L. Common Duckweed.

Top. Bot. 486. Syme, E. B. ix. 17.1394. Nym. 756.

Native. Lacustral. Ditches, ponds, ete. Abundant in all the districts.
A. June, July.

First record, Sib. 1794.

L. gibba, LZ.

Top. Bot. 425. Syme, E. B. ix. 22.1396. Nym. 756.

Native. Lacustral. Ponds and ditches. Local. A. July, Aug.

First record, Sid. 1794.

3. Swere. Ditch beyond Mill Meadow, Bees. With flower, A. Fr.
1868. In Grimsbury Wharf, A. Fr.

4. Ray. Marston, Otmoor.

5. Isis. Ditch in Christ Church and Merton Meadow, Bz. in Purton.
‘Wolvercote.

6. Thame. Thame, Hb. Br.

Berks. Kennington, H. HZ. Garnsey.

L. polyrrhiza, L. Greater Duckweed.

Spirodela polyrrhiza, Sch.

Top. Bot. 426. Syme, E. B. ix. 23.1397. Nym. 456.

Native. Lacustral. Ponds, ditches. Not uncommon. A. July (St%.).

First record, Sib. 1794.

3. Swere. With L. trisulca and gibba, Bees.

4. Ray. Otmoor, Marston, Magdalen College Meadow.

5. Isis. Ditch in Christ Church and Merton Meadow, Bz. ix Purton.
Binsey, Wolvercote, Port Meadow.

6. Thame. Waterstock, A. Fr.

7. Thames. North Stoke, Saunders’ Green.

Berks. Radley.

Orv. LXXXVI. TYPHACEA, DC.

TYPHA. L.
T. latifolia, D. Bullrush. Reed-mace.
Top. Bot. 429. Syme, E. B, ix. 2. 1385. Nym. 757.
Native. Paludal. Marshes, ponds, ditches. Rather common. P. June,
July.
First record, Sid. 1794.
316 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

2. Ouse. Hardwick, Hethe.

3. Swere. Cropredy, Crouch Hill, Drayton Brook, Clifton Wharf,
Canal by Hardwick, 7’. Bees.

4. Ray. Headington Wick Copse, Sib. Bicester, Tackley, Heyford.
Plentiful by railside between Bicester and Islip.

5. Isis. Wolvercote, H. Bos./ Port Meadow, near Yarnton, Freeland,
Wychwood, Bladon, North Leigh.

6. Thame. Pond between the Minchery and Sandford, Walk. Rycote,
Bx. Shotover Brickyards, Stanton Quarries, Holton Quarries.

7. Thames. Saunders’ Green, Caversham.

This plant has a great partiality for the pools in old brickyards.

T. angustifolia, LD.

Syme, E. B. ix. 3.1386. Nym. 757. Bx. 377.

Native. Paludal. Riversides. Rare. P. June, July.

First record, Sid. 1794.

8. Swere. [Wormleighton Reservoir, 4. Bees.] Top. Bot. Bees. list,
but the locality is in Warwickshire, hence the record in Top. Bot.
is erroneous.

4. Ray. Banks of Cherwell near King’s Mill and Marston, Rev. Ur.
Huniley in Walk. Aimbrosden Fish-pond, G. Woodward, Esq.
A variety with leaves nearly half-inch broad between Oxford and
Marston, Bx. Cherwell near Summertown, H. Bos. Cherwell
side between Marston Ferry and Islip, tall plant six feet high,
very broad leaves, usually barren.

6. Thame. Cowley near the London Road, $id. Between Sandford
and Nuneham, Ba.

Berks. Pond at Cumnor, Br. Northants, Gloster E., Warwick.

SPARGANIUM. J.
S. ramosum, Curt. Great Bur-Reed.
Syme, E. B. ix. 6.1387. Nym. 758. Curt. Fl. Lond. 342.
Native. Paludal. River-, brook-, and canalside. Not uncommon. P.
June, July.
8. Swere. Clattercut.
4. Ray. Brookside between Marston and Wood Eaton. Cherwell
side near Marston Ferry, Otmoor.
5. Isis. Canalside near Duke’s Lock, above Wolvercote.

S. neglectum, Beeby. Journ. Bot. July, 1885.
Native. Paludal. River-, brook-, and canalside. Common. P. June-
Aug.

First record, the Author, 1885.
8. Swere. Cropredy, Swalecliffe, Tadmarton.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 317

4, Ray. Otmoor, Bicester, Merton, Noke, Marston.

5. Isis. Wolvercote.

6. Thame. Cowley, Iffley.

Berks. South Hinksey, Cumnor.

The aggregate, S. ramosum, Huds., was first recorded by Sibthorp, and is
common and generally distributed. The plant has only recently been
found to include the two preceding species, whose distribution in the
county is only imperfectly worked out. So far neglectum appears to be
the commoner plant.

8. simplex, L. Bur-Reed.
Top. Bot. 429. Syme, E. B. ix. 7. 1388. Nym. 758. Bx. 276.
Native. Lacustral. Ponds, canals, and streams. Rather common.
P. July.
First record, Sib. 1794.
3. Swere. Brooks and canals, T. Bees. March 3, Gull. Little
Bourton, A. Fr. Clattercut.
4, Ray. Otmoor, Sib. Magdalen College Meadow in full flower, Ba.
Common about Oxford, Bx. Heyford, Kirtlington, etc.
5. Isis. Port Meadow, Christ Church Meadow, Bz./ Woodstock,
H. Bos. Witney, Wychwood, Wolvercote, Handborough.
6. Thame. Thame, Hd. Bx. Iffley.
7. Thames. Sonning, Hb. Rudge.
Berks, Marcham, Sandford.
Occurs frequently in a barren state in rivers and canals, and once found
with floating leaves and flowering.
(S. minimum, /’r. Warwick, rare.]

Orv. LXXXVII. CYPERACEA, DC.

SCHGNUS. L.

8. nigricans, L. Bog Rush.

Top. Bot. 436. Syme, E. B. x. 43.1529. Nym. 760. Bx. 268.

Native. Uliginal. Bogs and marshes. Rare. P. June.

First record, Dr. Lightfoot, 1780. ‘Near Oxford in bogs.’

4, Ray. In boggy ground going from Oxford to Stanton by way of
Headington, about four miles from Oxford, Dr. Lightfoot, MSS.,
i.e. Headington Wick, which is given in Sid. 1794, and where it is
still abundant. Weston Peat Pits, W. Wilson Saunders, 1839.

H. Bos. 1861.
Berks. Frilford. Warwick, extinct. Northants plentiful at Wittering
Marsh.

[Cladium Mariscus, Br. C. germanicum, Sch. Northants, extinct.
Warwick, extinct.] —
318 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

RHYNCOSPORA. Vahl.

Rh. alba, Vahl.

Syme, E. B. x. 46. 1582. Nym. 761.

Native. Paludal. Grassy meadows. Very rare. P. July, Aug.

First record, the Author, 1884.

5. Isis. On Wolvercote Common. Very rare.

Berks. Sonningwell, Dr. Lightfoot, 1762. Meadows between South
Hinksey and Abingdon Road, Bolton King, very rare! Warwick,
very rare.

ERIOPHORUM. L.

E. latifolium, Hoppe. Cotton Grass.

Top. Bot. 447. Syme, E. B. x. 75. 1608. Nym. 761.

Native. Uliginal. Marshes and bogs. Rare. P. May, June.

First record, Mr. Baxter, 1830, EF. pubescens.

4, Ray. Bogs near Stow Wood; near Headington Wick Copse, Ba.

6. Thame. Bullingdon, Hb. Lawson /

Berks. Tubney, Rep. of Rec. Club, 1881. Frilford. Northants,
Wittering.

E. angustifolium, Rih. Cotton Grass.

E. polystachion, L.

Top. Bot. 447. Syme, E. B. x. 73. 1605. Nym. 761.

Native. Bogs, marshes. Local. P. May, June.

First record, Sib. 1794.

8. Swere. Brookside in Drayton Lane, Gull. Bog south of Shutford
Bridge, Mileomb Hill, Bees.

4, Ray. Upper Heyford, Stow Wood, Bx. Behind Headington Hill,
Sib. Between Kirtlington and Tackley plentiful. Headington
Wick Bog.

5, Isis. Near Little Faringdon.

6. Thame. Bullingdon Green, Sib./ Thame, Hb. Ba.

Berks. Frilford, near Sandford.

[E. vaginatum, L. Syme, E. B. x. 71.1604. Nym. 762. Bx. 427.

Marshes at Headington, Dr. Maton in Bot. Guide, also Oxford in Sm.

Eng. Fl. is now extinct.
Gloster E. (?) Warwick, rare.]

BLYSMUS. Panz.
B. compressus, Panz. Scirpus Caricis, Retz. 8. caricinus, Sch.
Top. Bot. 23 (?) Syme, E. B. x. 48. 1503. Nym. 763. Bx. 308, from
an Oxford specimen.
Native. Paludal. Wet heathy places. Very local and rare. P.
June.
First record, Mr. Baxter, 1831.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 319

4. Ray. Cherwell side near Marston, Patey/ very fine specimens,
1885.

5. Isis. By a stream in Wychwood Forest, 7. Westcombe, about 1840.
After an interval of forty-five years the Author again met with this
species in marshy places in Wychwood Forest growing close to
Bartramia.

6. Thame. Under Bullingdon Green, Ba., from whence specimen
figured in Baxt. Br. Plants was obtained. Shotover, Hb. Br. June
15, 1831. Rev, H. Fox saw it at Bullingdon about 1855.

Berks. Between South Hinksey and the Abingdon Road. Between
old and new road going to Eynsham, W. Bx. 1831. Northants,
Foxhall, very rare. Gloster E.

SCIRPUS. L. ’

S. sylvaticus, L. Wood Club Rush.

Top. Bot. 440. Syme, E. B. x. 69. 1602. Nym. 763.

Native. Paludal, ete. Woods and marshy places. Rare. P. July.

First record, Blackstone, 1737. G@ramen Cyp. miliaceus, Ger. Em.

8. Swere. Canalside, Gull. Hanwell, Cherwell towards King Sutton,
abundant, I. Bees. Twyford, Great Tew, A. Fr.

5. Isis. Heythrop Woods, Sib. In a pond at Walcot, Blacks. MSS.
Near Wilderness in Sir R. Jenkinson’s garden at Walcot, near
Charlbury, Blacks. Spec. Bot.

Berks. Cyp. long. latifol. locustis plurimis minoribus et brevioribus
miliac., C. B. P. prope Hinksey haud longe ab Oxonio ad ripas
fluvii Thamisis, Morison/ Sonning, Brit. Bucks, Northants,
Gloster E., Warwick.

[S. maritimus, Z.

Near Marcham, Berks, native. Gloster W., Warwick, another, native
inland station.]

S. lacustris, Z. Bullrush.

Top. Bot. 439. Syme, E. B. x. 63. 1596. Nym. 764.

Native. Lacustral. Rivers, ponds, canals. Common in all the
districts. P. June, July.

First record, Sir Jos. Banks, 1760, near Oxford.

A small peculiar form occurred on mud dredged from the river at Osney
in 1884.

(S. Tabernemontani, Gmel. Southam and Itchington Holt, Warwick.]

[S. cespitosus, D.
Berks, Warwick, Gloster E.]
320 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

S. paucifiorus, Light.

Top. Bot. 444. Syme, E..B. x. 54.1589. Nym. 765.

Native. Paludal. Marshes. Rare. P. July, Aug.

First record, Sib. 1794.

4, Ray. Headington Wick, H. Bos. 1860! 1884. Bog near Stow
Wood, Marston Fields.

6. Thame. Bullingdon Green, Sid. 1884.

Berks. South Hinksey, see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1880. Bucks, Northants,
Gloster W., Warwick, very rare.

ISOLEPIS. Br.

I. setacea, Br:

Top. Bot. 442. Syme, E. B. x. 60.1594. Nym. 766.

Native. Uliginal. Marshy: places or gravelly soil. Local and rare.

July.

First record, Sib. 1794. Scirpus‘setaceus, L.

8. Swere. Below waterfall Wroxton Park, Bees.

4, Ray. Bog under Stow Wood.

5. Isis. Wolvercote, H. Bos. North Leigh Heath, Finstock Heath,
Fifield Heath.

6. Thame. Shotover, Sib., do. 1884. Cowley Field near roadside, Sib.
Bullingdon, railside near Wheatley, north side of Shotover by the
Brickyards.

Berks. Wootton, H. Bos. Frilford. Bucks, Northants,. Gloster,
Warwick. Given unlocalised in Walker’s Flora.

[H]JELEOGITON. Lik.
[H]E. fluitans, Zk. Floating Club Rush.
Top. Bot. 446. Syme, E. B. x. 57.1592. Nym. 766. Isolepis fluitans,
Br.

Native. Pools on heaths. Extremely rare. P. June.

First record, Sib. 1794. Scirpus fluitans.

5. Isis. South Leigh Heath, Sib. After ninety years had elapsed
without any further record of this plant, the Author found it on
North Leigh Heath in 1884. South Leigh Heath or Common has
entirely disappeared,

Berks. Bucks, Gloster W., Warwick.

HELEOCHARIS. Br.
H. palustris, Br.
Top. Bot. 443. Syme, E, B. x. 51.1586. Nym. 767. Bx. 436.
Native. Paludal. Shallow ponds, wet meadows, marshy places.
Common and generally distributed. P. June, July.
First record, Sib. 1794. Scirpus palustris, L.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 3ar

[? H. uniglumis, Schult.

Berks. Botley, Dyer.

This is included in Britten’s contribution to a Berkshire Flora, but it is
quite likely that the locality was in Oxfordshire. As yet I have not met
with it.]

H. multicaulis, Sm.

Top. Bot. 444. Syme, E. B. x. 53. 1588. Nym. 767.

Native. Paludal. Marshes. Very rare. P. July, Aug.

First record, Top. Bot. ‘ Boswell, 1874.

4, Ray. Headington Wick, Stow Wood, H. Boswell. Marston.

5. Isis. Port Meadow, Rev. R. Linton.

6. Thame. Riverside two miles from Thame, 4. Ir. Bullingdon

Bog, wet peaty soil, see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1880.

Warwick very rare. Gloster, Kelmscott. Berks.

H. acicularis, Sin. Slender Club Rush. Scirpus acicularis, L.

Top. Bot. 442. Syme, E. B. a. 50. 1585. Nym. 767.

Native. Paludal. Marshes, canal borders. Local. P. July, Aug.

First record, Plot. Juncellus omnium minimus capitulis Equisett,

1677, and new to Britain.

4, Ray. Canal near Kidlington, abundant.

5. Isis. Binsey Common! Plot, also in Rays's Syn. i, ii, and iii,
Martyn, Gough, etc. Near Eynsham Bridge, Sib. Port Meadow
near Medley Lock, Canalside from Oxford to Wolvercote, Bx. !
Port Meadow, Rev. R. Linton! Blenheim Park! T. Westcombe.
Very abundant in a submerged state in the canal between Hythe
Bridge Street and Wolvercote. The tow-ropes disturb it, and it may
be found in a floating state on the lower river. Plentiful in a pond
near Duke’s Lock. I have never seen the submerged state in
flower.

7. Thames. Binfield Heath.

Berks. Bulmershe Heath. Bucks, Northants, Gloster E., Warwick.

CAREX. JL.

C. Pseudo-cyperus, L.

Top. Bot. 467. Syme, E. B. x. 163.1675. Nym. 767.
Native. Paludal. Marshes, ditch- and pondsides. Rare. P. May,
June.
First record, W. Baxter, 1831.
3. Swere. Hanwell Plantation, Canal near Twyford, A. Fr.
4. Ray. Magdalen College, pond in meadow, H. E. Garnsey. Kid-
lington, H. Bos. Heyford, Rev. E. Fox.
xX
322 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

5. Isis. Ditch-bank at foot of bridge in Binsey Lane, Bx. Ditch in
Christ Church Meadow, 1851, Bu.

6. Thame. Rycote Park, Bx.

7. Thames. Binfield Heath.

Berks. In Bercheria, Morison, 242. Kennington Lane, plentiful,
Binsey, Radley. Bucks, Northants, Gloster W., Warwick.

C. riparia, Curt.

Top. Bot. 471. Syme, E. B. x. 167.1679. Nym. 767.

Native. Paludal. River-, canal-, and ditchsides. Abundant in all the
districts. P. May.

First record, Std. 1794.

Very variable. The spikes have sometimes a mixed inflorescence, being
all subfemale; others occur with male flowers on the summit of each
spikelet. The spikelets vary remarkably in shape, and the glumes also in
length, sometimes being so short as to barely cover the fruit; occasionally
they become extremely developed. The fruit also varies in shape and
colour—probably there are two or three species ‘lumped’ in our riparia.

C. paludosa, Good.

Top. Bot. 470. Syme, E. B. x. 165. 1678. Nym. 768.

Native. Paludal. iver-, pond-, and ditchsides, wet woods, etc.
Generally distributed, but much less common than riparia. P. May,
June.

First record, Sib, 1794. C. acuta, Curt. non Linn.

‘Behind Headington Hill, banks of the pond Magdalen Meadow.’

Var. Kochiana, Gaud. ‘Glumes with a long rough awn.’

4. Ray. Cherwell side.

In Headington Wick a peculiar form occurred which Arth. Bennett
tells me is an analogous form to that occurring in C. vesicaria, i.e. pendu-
lina, Blytt. C. paludosa is very variable.

C. vesicaria, DL. Bladder Sedge.

Top. Bot. 470. Syme, E. B. x. 170. 1682. Nym. 768.

Native. Paludal. Brook- and ditchsides, wet meadows. Sparingly

distributed. P. May, June.

First record, Gr. eyper. majus precox spicis turgidis teretibus flavescentt-

bus, ad rivulos, sed rarius observatur. Morison, iii. 242 (Bobart) 1699.

4, Ray. Banks of the Cherwell, Sib. The Parks, Hb. Lawson. Otmoor!
A. Fr. Kidlington, Addison’s Walk, H. Bos. Fencott, Rev. Moyle
Rogers. Bicester, towards Blackthorn, Merton, Marston.

5. Isis. ‘In ambulacris Coll. Audis Christi, Bobart/ Binsey Lane,
Port Meadow, Cornbury, near Eynsham, near Yarnton.

6. Thame. Cowley field, Sib. Bullingdon Bog, Bx. Between Oxford
and Iffley, Ba./

Berks, Sandford, Iffley, Binsey. Northants, rare. Gloster E., Warwick.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 323

C. rostrata, Stokes. Bottle Sedge. Beaked Sedge.
C. ampullacea, Good.
Top. Bot. 469. Syme, E. B. x. 169.1680. Nym. 768.
Native. Paludal. Marshes and bogs. Local, decreasing. P. June.
First record, Gram. cyp. medium angustifol. spicis teretibus erectis
flavescentibus. In paludibus et aquosis juxta Oxoniam v. g. apud Hockley
aliisque consimilibus provenit. Bobart. Morison, iii. 243. 1699.
3. Swere. Bull’s Pond, Drayton, A. Fr.
4, Ray. Under Headington Wick Copse, Sib./ Abundant in Weston
Peat Pits, 1. Wilson Saunders! Magdalen College Meadows,
Hi. E. Garnsey. Abundant in marsh between Kirtlington and Tackley.
6. Thame. Hockley (Bullingdon), Bobart/ Sib. / 1885. Beyoud Iffley
on the banks of Isis, Sib.
‘Berks. Shadwell Copse, H. Bos. Frilford. Bucks, Northants, Gloster,
Warwick.
Oxford references are. contained in Sm. Fl. Br., Sm. Eng. Fl., Bot.
Guide, ete., but they only repeat Bobart’s record.

c. hirta, L. Hairy Sedge. Hammer Sedge.

Top. Bot. 469. Syme, E. B. x. 161.1677. Nym. 768.

Native. Paludal, etc. Moist meadows, bogs, ditchsides, roadsides,
etc. Common. P. April—June.

First record, Sib. 1794.

Occurs in all the districts; plentiful in Mesopotamia, Christ Church
Meadow, etc.

I have failed to detect the glabrous glumed form.

At North Leigh it grew in a deep ditch and was then over four feet
high with the spikes compound at base, but it exhibited no other variation
from type.

Cc. pendula, Huds.

Top. Bot. 466. Syme, E. B. x. 139. 1660. Nym. 768.

Native. Septal. Woods, hedges. Rare. P. June, July.

First record, Sid. 1794.

5. Isis. Tar Wood, Sib. Godstow, H. Bos./ Binsey, W. Whitwell.
South Leigh. :

Berks. Hinksey, Morison, iii. 242! Botley, Cumnor, H. Bos./ Wytham,
Eng Wood. Bucks, Northants, Gloster, Warwick.

C. sylvatica, Huds. Wood Sedge.

Top. Bot. 466. Syme, E. B. x. 144. 1665. Nym. 769.

Native. Woods, hedges, etc. Common in all the districts. P. May.
Occurs in Marston Lane.

First record, Sib. 1749.
324 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

C. strigosa, Huds. Loose Sedge.

Top. Bot. 466. Syme, E. B. x. 142. 1661. Nym. 769.

Native. Sylvestral. Woods. Very rare. P. June.

First record, Sib. 1794.

4, Ray. Noke Wood, Sid.

Berks. In sylva Witham dicta prope Oxon, Dr. Shefield, Goodenough’s

Carices ; Trans. Linn. Soc. 1794.

‘My friend Dr. Jno Sibthorp has lately discovered this plant in another
situation in the neighbourhood of Oxford.’ See also Withering, New Bot.
Guide, Gough, etc.

There is no more recent record.

(C. levigata, Sm. In the first marsh near the path, Gulliver’s Banbury
List. It is almost certainly an error. It is not there now.

Berks. Windsor Great Park, Wytham. Warwick, rare.

C. binervis, Sm. '
Syme, E. B. x. 147. 1667. Nym. 770.
Native. Uliginal, etc. Marshes, bogs, wet roadsides, ete. Local,
rather rare. P. April—June.
First record, Sib. 1794, sub nom. C: distans, which has not been found
in Oxford.
2. Ouse. Roadside near Mixbury.
4. Ray. Headington in Copse, W. T. Dyer, 1864, Hb. Br. Mus./ Road-
side Beckley.
5. Isis. Bruern Wood.
6. Thame. Cowley Marsh! Bullingdon Green! Bx. sub nom. C.
distans. Near Warneford Asylum, South side of Shotover, H. Bos.
Bullingdon Peat Bog, see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1880.

Berks. Boar’s Hill, Happy Valley. Bucks, Gloster E., Warwick.

C. Hornschuchiana, Hoppe. C. fulva, Good.

Top. Bot. 462. Syme, E. B. x. 153. 1670. Nym. 771.

Native. Uliginal. Bogs, marshes. J.ocal and rare. P. May.

First record, H. Boswell, 1870. Probably this was included in Sib-
thorp’s C. distans.

4. Ray. Bog under Stow Wood! Headington Wick! Phyt. 4. p. 100,

H. Bos. Weston Peat Pits.

6. Thame. Bullingdon Green, H. Bos. 1870! 1885.

Berks. Boar’s Hill.

[C. distans, L. Warwick, Honington, Itchington, ete. Gloster W.]

C. flava, L. rellow Sedge.

Top. Bot. 459. Syme, E. B. x. 156.1672. Nym. 770.
Native. Uliginal. Marshes, bogs, wet heaths, Local, rather rare.
P. May, June.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 325

First record, Gramen palustre echinatum J. B., brookside, Cornbury

wo

Quarry, Blackstone, 1737.

. Ouse. Ardley, W. Mathews.
. Swere. Wroxton Mill, 7. Bees.
. Ray. Bogs under Stow Wood, Headington Wick, H. Bos.! Upper

Heyford, Bx. Weston Peat Pits, railside near Bicester.

. Isis. Cornwell Pits, T. Bees. Ramsden Heath, 7. Westcombe. Wych-

wood plentiful, Finstock Heath, North Leigh, Kelmscott.

. Thame. Bullingdon Green, Bx. Cowley, H. E. Garnsey. Shot-

over, Bullingdon, lepidocarpa, T., Rep. of Rec. Club, 1880.

. Thames. Binfield Heath. Most of the above record refer to lepi-

docarpa, Tausch, see Syme, E. B. x. 159.1673. The true flava has
been noticed at Headington Wick, Bullingdon, Grafton Common,
Otmoor, etc., and intermediates are also frequent.

Berks. Shadwell Copse, H. Bos. Bagley, Rep. of Rec. Club, 1881, eu

flava. Eng Wood, Frilford Marsh, eu flava. Bucks, Northants,
Gloster E., Lechlade. Warwick.

? C. Gderi, Lhrh.

Syme, E. B. x. 157.1674. Nym. 771.

Recorded by Mr. Beesley from Cornwell Pits, near Chipping Norton.
I have not seen spec. ; it was probably C. lepidocarpa.

[C. digitata, Z. Gloster E.]

C. precox, Jacq. Vernal Sedge.

Top. Bot. 468. Syme, E. B. x. 129. 1655. Nym. 773.

Native. Ericetal. Heaths, dry banks, dry fields, ete. Not uncommon.
P. April, May.

First record, Sid. 1794.

3.
4.
5.
6.

ds

Swere. Cherwell side Banbury, Bretch, A. Fr. Hanwell, Bees.

Ray. Noke, Beckley, Stow Wood, Kirtlington.

Isis. Wychwood, Ditchley, Wootton, Finstock Heath, North Leigh
Heath.

Thame. Shotover, Sib. Nuneham, H. Bos. seems rare. Open
Magdalen, H. EZ. Garnsey. Holton.

Thames. Lewknor, 4. Fr. Nuffield, Ibstone, Chinnor, Binfield.

Berks. Streatley, Boar’s Hill, Bagley.

C. pilulifera, L. Pill-headed Sedge.

Top. Bot. 468. Syme, E. B. x. 127. 1653. Nym. 774.

Native. Ericetal. Heaths, peaty ground. Rather rare. P. April,
May.

First record, Sib. 1794.

1.
3.

Stour. Tadmarton Heath, Bees., rare.
Swere. Drayton Brook, 7. Bees. Epwell Heath.
326 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

4, Ray. Noke.

5. Isis. North Leigh Heath, Sid./ Ramsden Heath, 7. Westcombe.
Finstock Heath, Wychwood, Bruern Wood.

6. Thame. Shotover, Bx. in Purton! Cowley Bog, H. E. Garnscy.

7. Thames. Mongewell, Binfield, Nettlebed, Lewknor, Ibstone.

Berks. Bagley, Wootton, H. Bos. Streatley.

With long acute glumes at Binfield.

C. glauca, Murr.

Top. Bot. 467. Syme, E. B. x. 117.1644. Nym. 774. Bx. 440.

Native. Pascual, etc. Roadsides, pastures, downs, etc. Common and
generally distributed. P. May, June.

First record, Sib. 1794. C. recurva, Huds.

Var. C. Micheliana, 8m. Syme, E. B. 1645.
7. Thames. Lewknor, A. Fr. Chinnor.

Var. C. stictocarpa, Don. Syme, E. B. 1646.

7. Thames. Lewknor, A. Fr.

A very variable plant, including two or three well-marked forms,
The lower spikes are not unfrequently compound.

C. pallescens, L. Pale Sedge.

Top. Bot. 461. Syme, E. B. x. 132. 1657. Nym. 774.

Native. Sylvestral. Woods, shady places. Local and rare. P. May.

First record, Gr. cyp. spicis brevibus congestis folio moll., Blackstone,
1737-

3. Swere. Bog south of Shutford Bridge, T. Bees.

4. Ray. Stow Wood, H. Bos. Headington Copse, Wick Copse, Bz.

Beckley.

5. Isis. Wychwood, sparingly, Blackstone! 1885. Bruern.

6. Thame. Copse under Shotover, Sib. Bullingdon, H. Bos.

Berks. Bagley! Boar's Hill, H. Bos, Wytham.

The Wychwood and Beckley plants were C. undulata, K. hardly deserv-
ing a varietal name.

Bucks, Northants, Warwick.

C. panicea, L, Pink Sedge.

Top. Bot. 464. Syme, E. B. x. 133. 1658. Nym. 775.

Native. Paludal. Wet meadows, bogs. Local, rather rare. P.
May, June.

First record, Sib. 1794. Probably Merrett’s ‘Gr. Cyperoides spicatum.
In a bog a mile westward from Oxford’ is this, but the locality would be in
Berkshire.

3. Swere. Hanwell, not uncommon, Bees, Hardwick, Banbury, A. Fr.

4. Ray. Stow Wood, Headington Wick! Cherwell side above the
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 327

Crescent, H. Bos. Weston Peat Pits, near Stow Wood, railside
near Bicester. :
5. Isis, North Leigh, Finstock Heath, Ramsden Heath, Wychwood.
6. Thame. Bullingdon Green! not uncommon about Oxford, Br.
South side of Shotover! H. Bos. Cowley Marsh, H. E. Garnsey.
7. Thames. Caversham, F. Tufnail. Binfield, Chinnor Hill, South
Stoke.

Berks. Foxcombe Hill, Bagley.

? C. stricta, Good.

Syme, E. B. ix. 108. 1638. Nym. 776.

Native (?. Marshes. Very rare.

5. Isis. Near Chipping Norton, 7. Bees.
Gloster E., Northants, Warwick, very doubtful.
I have doubts as to the correct identity of this.

C. acuta, L.

Top. Bot. 458. Syme, E. B. x. 110. 1639. Nym. 777.

Native. River-, canal-, pondsides, marshes, etc. Abundant about
. Oxford, the most frequent sedge after riparia. P. May.

First record, $id. 1794. C. gracilis, Curt.

Var. C. viridis, Hart. This variety new to Britain occurs by the Canal
near Port Meadow. The glumes are shorter than in the typical plant.
Very variable, 4 form from Headington Wick is closely allied to, if not
identical with, var. gracilescens, Almq. A czxspitose form also occurs.
The sheaths of the young plants are filamentous, as pointed out by the
Author in Journ. Bot., Oct. 1884, p. 302.

C. vulgaris, Fr. C. Goodenovii, Gay.

Top. Bot. 459. Syme, E, B. x. 114. 1643. Nym. 777.

Native. Paludal. Marshes. Local, not very common. P. May.

First record, Gr. cyp. foliis caryophyll. spicis. erectis sessilibus, e semi-

nibus confertis compositis, Ray. Blackstone, 1737.

8. Swere. First March, Shutford Bog, Bees. ‘ cespitosa.’ Banbury,
A. Fr.

4, Ray. Near Hampton Poyle, H. Bos. Headington Wick.

5. Isis. Port Meadow, Witney, H. Bos. Wychwood, Blackstone!
North Leigh.

6. Thame. Bullingdon Green! Sib. cespitosa. Shotover! Nuneham,
H. Bos. Cowley, H. E. Garnsey.

7. Thames. Binfield, South Stoke.

Berks. Boar’s Hill, Frilford.

Var. uliginosa, Syme. Marshside between Bicester and Islip.
Two or three forms occur, one a compact plant with larger fruit and
shorter glumes from North Leigh Heath is worth further study,
328 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE:

C: leporina, L. C. ovalis, Good.

Top. Bot. 450. Syme, E. B. x. 103. 1634. Nym. 779.

Native. Ericetal, etc. Moist heaths, marshes. Rather scarce. P.

May, June.

First record, Sib. 1794.

8. Swere. Hanwell, Crouch Hill, not uncommon, 7. Bees Shutford,
Epwell.

4. Ray. Piddington.

5. Isis. South Leigh Heath, $d. North Leigh, Bruern Wood.

6. Thame. Bullingdon Green, Sib. Between Headington Quarry and
Shotover, near the footpath, Bx. North side of Shotover, plentiful,
Wheatley railside.

7. Thames. Bledlow, Nettlebed, A. Fr. Binfield.

Berks. Boar’s Hill, Wootton, Wytham.

Var. bracteata, Syme. C. argyrolochin, L. C. 1867 non Horn.
5. Isis. Bladon Woods, see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1880. Bruern Wood.
[C. elongata, L. Hampton in Arden, Warwick.]

C. echinata, Murr.

C. stellulata, L. Top. Bot. 450. Syme, E. B. x. 95. 1626, Nym. 780.

Native. Uliginal. Bogs, wet heaths. Local and rare. P. June.

First record, Sib. 1794.

3. Swere. Bog south of Shutford Bridge, boggy field at Upton, T. Bees.

4, Ray. Between Bicester and Middleton Stoney, ‘the cross roads,’
A. Fr. Stow Wood! H. Bos.

5. Isis. South Leigh Heath, Sib. instock Heath, North Leigh
Heath, Ramsden Heath.

6. Thame. 'Bullingdon Bogs! Sid. North side of Shotover, Ba. South
side of Shotover.

7. Thames. Binfield Heath.

Berks. Bagley, Boar’s Hill, Frilford.

Probably Merrett’s, 1667, ‘Gr. Cyperoides spica echinata simplici. Two

miles southwards from Oxford in the bogs, belongs here if not to C. dioica.

C. axillaris, Good. C. muricata x remota, Rit.

Syme, E. B. x. 97. 1628. Nym. 780.

Native. Paludal. Ditchside. Local andrare. P. May, June.

First record, H. Boswell, 1862.

4. Ray. Marston Lane, Jour. Bot. ix. p. 148. Rep. of Rec. Club,
1883; still there 1885.

7. Thames. Streamside near Bledlow.

Berks. Marcham, see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1883. Bucks, Bledlow, see
Rep. of Rec. Club, 1883. Gloster W., Warwick.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 329

{C. Boenninghauseniana, W. Warwick, extinct. ]

Cc. remota, L.

Top. Bot. 451. Syme, E. B. x. 96. 1627. Nym. 780,

Native. Septal. Hedgesides in shady places, brook- and pondsides.
Locally common. P. May, June.

First record, Morison 1699 and Gr. cyp. angustifolium, spicis parvis
sessilibus in foliorum alis, R., Blackstone, 1737.

3. Swere. Ditchsides frequent, T. Bees. Canalside, Second March,
Gull.

4. Ray. Marston Lane, Sid./ Parson’s Pleasure, T. Thurland !
Oxford, Hb. Sir Joseph Banks. Magdalen College Walks, H. E.
Garnsey. Headington, railside near Merton, Noke.

5. Isis. Walcot Wilderness, plentiful, Blacks. Tar Wood! Sib.
Binsey, H. Bos./ Wychwood, Wolvercote, North Leigh, South
Leigh, Cornbury.

6. Thame. Quale ultra Iffey, Bobart. Marsh Baldon, Hd. Lawson.
Cowley Marsh! H. Bos. Horsepath Lane, Wheatley.

7. Thames, Bledlow, Saunders’ Green, Sunley Wood, Stoke Row.

Berks. South Hinksey, Marcham, Happy Valley.

A starved form, probably C. tenella, Sm. non Sch., occurred in Marston
Lane and at Stoke Row, see E. B. xiv. 83.

Cc. vulpina, Z.

Top. Bot. 455. Syme, E. B. x. 91. 1623. Nym. 781.

Native. Paludal. Marshes, canal-, river- and ditchsides. Common,
and after riparia and acuta the most frequent sedge. P. May-—Sept.

First record, 87d. 1794.

The form nemorosa, Rebent. Reich. Exc. 411, is also frequent; it
occurred near Blackthorn, Bicester, Marston, etc. A plant was observed
in flower on Sept. 12, 1883. Intermediates or hybrids between this and
muricata have been observed.

Cc. muricata, Z.

Top. Bot. 453. Syme, E. B. x. 93. 1624. Nym. 781.
Native. Paludal. Ditchbanks, canal-, and riversides, etc. Not
unfrequent. P. June.

First record, Sid. 1794. C. spicata, Huds.

1. Stour. Tadmarton.

2. Ouse. Mixbury.

8. Swere. Canalside, Bridle Road near Bodicote, Twyford, Hanwell,
Crouch Lane, Broughton Road, Spital Farm, Bees. Barford,
Cropredy, A. Fr. Deddington.
330 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

4. Ray. Thrupp, Marston Lane, H. Bos. Bicester, Heyford, Kirtling-
ton, railside near Bicester.

5. Isis. Woodstock, H. Bos. Port Meadow, Rev. R. Linton. Finstock,
Stonesfield, Wychwood, North Leigh, Charlbury, Bruern.

6. Thame. Cowley, Littlemore, Sib. Iffley.

7. Thames. Goring, H. Bos. Woodcote, Grime’s Dyke, Bledlow,
Watlington, South Stoke.

Berks. Marcham, South Hinksey.

Var. pseudo-divulsa, Syme. % Var. virens, Koch.
Apparently rare. Sparingly in a marsh near South Stoke.

C. divulsa, Good. Grey Sedge.

Top. Bot. 454. Syme, E. B. x. 94.1625. Nym. 781.

Native. Septal, etc. Roadsides, dry banks, woods. Rare, except on

the Chilterns. P. May.

First record, Sid. 1794.

4. Ray. Headington Wick, H. Bos.

6. Thame. Shotover, Nuneham.

7. Thames. Goring, H. Bos. Caversham, Newb. A common sedge on
the Chilterns, as at Ewelme, Crowsley, Binfield, Withy Coppice,
Dunsden, Nuffield, near Stoke Row, etc.

C. paniculata, L.

Top. Bot. 456. Syme, E. B. x. 90.1622. Nym. 781.
Native. Paludal. Pondsides, marshes, canalsides, etc. Local. P.
May, June.

First record, Sib. 1794.

3. Swere. Bog between Wroxton and Drayton, pool near Drayton,
Gull. Wroxton near Chinese Temple, bog south of Shutford
Bridge, Canal just beyond Blue Barn; in Gulliver’s stations it is
extinct, Bees. Canalside common, Drayton, Bodicote, A. Fr.
Somerton.

4. Ray. Headington Wick Copse, Sib./ 1885. Osier beds below
Cherwell near Enslow Bridge, Mr. J. Saunders / Between Islip and
Oddington, Rev. Moyle Rogers. Bayswater, Canalside between
Upper Heyford and Kirtlington.

5. Isis. Cornbury pondsides, plentiful.

6. Thame. Bullingdon Green! Sid., also Ba. in Purton. Cowley
Marsh.

7. Thames. Mongewell near the river, Hb. Lambert, Hb. Kew.

Berks. Frilford. Northants, Gloster E., Warwick.

Very variable,a form with long spike and very distant spikelets occurred
in Bullingdon Bog, and another with compound spikelets in Headington
Wick.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 331

(C. teretiuscula, Good.
Warwick, Sutton Park, var. Ehrartiana.}

C. disticha, Huds. C. intermedia, Good.
Top. Bot. 452. Syme, E. B. x. 85. 1617. Nym. 782.
Native. Paludal. Low meadows, etc. Common. P. May, June.
First record, Sid. 1794.
4. Ray. A variety with distant spikelets occurs in some plenty on a
boggy piece of ground at west end of the great pond in Kirtlington
Park is, I believe, the C. uliginosa of Suter, W. Wilson Saunders.
Marston, Headington Wick, Otmoor, Mesopotamia, railside near
Bicester, lax spiked form.
5. Isis. Blenheim, Rogers. Wolvercote, Binsey, H. Bos. North Leigh.
6. Thame. Bullingdon Green! Bx. Cowley, H. HE. Garnsey. Near
Iffley, Dyer. Shotover.
7. Thames. North Stoke, South Stoke.
Berks. Marcham, South Hinksey. Bucks, Northants, Gloster E.,
Warwick.
A lax as well as a form with closely aggregated spikelets occurs, and the
fruits are sometimes abortive and enlarged.
[C. curta, Good. Virginia Water, Brit. Berks. Gloster W., Warwick,
Sutton Park.

C. pulicaris, Z. Flea Sedge.

Top. Bot. 449. Syme, E. B. x. 81.1612. Morison, iii. 244. Nym. 783.

Native. Ericetal. Heaths and bogs. Rare. P. June.

First record, Merrett, 1667. Gr. cyperoides pulicare, ‘a mile east
from Oxford at Hockley of the Hole.’

8. Swere. Bog south of Shutford Mill, Bees.

4. Ray. Stow Wood! H. Bos. Headington Wick.

5. Isis. Finstock Heath, North Leigh.

6. Thame. Bullingdon Green, $1b./ 1885. Shotover, H. Bos./

Berks. Frilford, near Childswell Farm.

The North Leigh plant had very recurved leaves, simulating rupestris
to some extent.

C. dioica, L.

Top. Bot. 448. Syme, E. B. «. 78. 1610. Nym. 784.

Native. Uliginal. Peat bogs. Rare. P. June.

First record, Gr. cyperoides min. ranunculi capitulo rotundo. Fre-
quently found on the bogs on the west side of Oxford, J. Bobart in Ray’s
Stirp., 1690 (probably in Berkshire), In Morison, 1699, it gives
Paludibus variis v. g. apud Hockley.

4, Ray. Under Headington Wick Copse, Sid.! 1885. Stow Wood,
H. Bos.
332 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE,

6. Thame. Bullingdon Green (Hockley), Bobart and Sib. See Rep.
of Rec. Club, 1880, still there in 1885.

Berks. Wootton, H. Bos. Northants! Gloster E., Warwick.

Orv. LXXXVIII. GRAMINEA, Juss.

SETARIA. P. B.
*S. viridis, P. B.
Cyb. Br. ii. 149. Syme, E. B. xi. 13. 1693. Nym. 786.
Alien. Waste places about Grimsbury Wharf, 4. Fr.; is not this in
Northants? Near Osney, 1885.
Northants, Warwick, Gloster.

* 8. glauca, P. B.

Comp. Cyb. 592. Nym. 787.

Alien. A casual near Banbury Mill, 1869, A. Fr. Steeple Aston,
B.S. Ogle, Esq.

* 8. verticillata, P. B.

Cyb. Br. iii. 150. Syme, E. B. xi. 14. 1694.

Alien. A casual in turnip field near Iffley, 1884.

* Echinochloa Crus Galli, P B.

Comp. Cyb. 591. Syme, EH. B. xi. 12. 1692.

Alien. Waste places near Banbury Mill, 1868, A. Fr.

* Panicum miliaceum, L. Nym. 788.

Alien. Casual on waste ground near the Great Western Railway
Station, Oxford.

ANTHOXANTHUM. L.

A. odoratum, D.

Top. Bot. 473. Syme, E. B. xi. 17.1696. Nym. 790. Bx. 99.

Native. Pratal, ete. Meadows, pastures, woods, etc. Abundant. P.
May, June.

First record, Sib. 1794.

Two forms occur, one with yellow, another with purple anthers, and
there is also a lax spiked sylvestral plant. One with pubescent glumes
and slightly scabrous stems is A. villosum, Dum., it occurs occasionally
with the type.

* A. Puellii, Lec. and Lam.

Journ. Bot. xiii. 157. 1875, not very good figure. Nym. 790.

Sandy field with clover, Sonning. Oxon and Berks, F. Tufnail.

Introduced with grass seeds, but unless renewed it speedily dies out.
See Report of Rec. Club, 1883.

Shotover with grass seeds 1884, not there in 1885.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 333

Mr. Tufnail informs me that this, 1 much commoner species on the
continent than A. odoratum, is sent us by the German seed-growers as
a substitute for, and sometimes as, the perennial species; farmers in this
country buying it of the wholesale houses in many cases for the odoratum,
or in ignorance of the fact that for agricultural purposes it is compara-
tively worthless—being an annual. The receipt and dissemination of it
throughout the country dates back a few years only, not much more than
five or six, increasing as the supply of odoratum seed lessened, facts which
give us the how and the why of its earlier occurrences, and still growing
frequency, chiefly in the more highly cultivated county areas. It has
really no higher claim than that of a casual, constantly renewed, for of
itself it does not naturalise tenaciously, seldom appearing for more than
two or three summers in the same field and soon dying out.—F. A. Lees,
Rep. of Rec. Club, 1883.

PHALARIS. L.

P. arundinacea, L. Common Reed Grass.

Baldingeria, Dmrt. Digraphis, Trin. Calamagrostis colorata, Sib.

Top. Bot. 473. Syme, E. B. xi. 19. 1697. Nym. 791.

Native. Paludal. River-, ditch-, pond-, canal-, and brooksides. P.
June, July.

First record, Sib. 1794.

Abundant in all the districts except the Stour, in which doubtless it

occurs. The form picta was gathered by the riverside near Bablock Hithe
as a native plant.

* P. canariensis, L. Canary Grass.

Comp. Cyb. 592. Syme, E. B. xi. 20. 1698. Nym. 791. Bx. 56.

Alien. Waste ground. Rare. A. June—Aug.

3. Swere. Near the Foundry, 4. Fr. Neithrop, Gull. Near New-
land Drawbridge, T. Bees.

4. Ray. Between Oxford and Summertown, Bz. The Parks, Bx. in
Purton.

5. Isis. Behind the Observatory, Sib. Blenheim, Rogers. Near the
Great Western Railway Station, Oxford.

6. Thame. St. Clement's, Bx./ Bullingdon.

Berks. Wootton, near Bagley.

PHLEUM. L.

P. pratense, L. Common Catstail Grass. Timothy Grass.

Top. Bot. 473. Syme, E. B. xi. 32.1706. Nym. 793. Bx. 68.

Native. Pascual. Pastures, meadows, roadsides. Common in all the
districts. P. June—Oct.

First record, Sir Joseph Banks, ‘ N ear Oxford,’ about 1760.

Tt occurs in the Parks, Christ Church Meadows, etc.
334 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Var. P. stoloniferum. Caversham, A. Fr.

Var. P. nodosum, L. Species in Sibthorp. Syme, E. B. xi. 32. 1707.

. Stour. Sibford, Tadmarton.

. Swere. Bretch, Epwell.

Ray. Mesopotamia, typical.

. Isis. Ditchley, Bampton.

. Thame. Bullingdon Green, Wheatley.

. Thames. Stokenchurch Hill! Hd. Br. Between Pangbourne and
Goring, Newb. Woodcote, South Stoke.

Another form with much longer spikes and stouter. habit also occurs.

TO TOR OO

[P. asperum, Jacq.

Comp. Cyb. 592. Syme, E. B. xi. 199. Nym. 793.

Alien. Extinct.

First and only record, Sib. 1794. ‘Phalaris paniculata, Ait. Walls,
dry pastures. On the wall of Rose Lane. Fl. June.’

It will be well here to explain that Rose Lane Wall is close to the
Botanic Garden, where the plant is cultivated, and whence the specimen
without doubt originated. This record in Walker's Flora increased to, ‘In
dry open fields . . . wall of Rose Lane, Sd.’ In Arnott’s Flora it is described
as being rare in dry open fields in the western and midland parts of
England. In other works it expanded from ‘dry walls, Rose Lane,
Oxford,’ to ‘ dry walls, Oxford,’ ‘dry walls, Oxfordshire,’ ‘dry stony places,
Oxfordshire, ‘stoney fields, Oxfordshire.’

On the faith of this one record, and another from Gloucestershire almost
equally ambiguous, this plant for some time appeared in the British
Floras.]

ALOPECURUS. L.

A. pratensis, LD. Meadow Foxtail Grass.

Top. Bot. 474. Syme, E. B. xi. 27.1703. Nym. 793. Bx. 45.

Native. Pratal. Meadows, pastures, roadsides. Common in all the
districts. A. April-June.

First record, Sib. 1794.

A. agrestis, L. Field Foxtail Grass.

Top. Bot. 475. Syme, E. B. xi. 22. 1699. Nym. 794.

Native. Agrestal. Cultivated fields. Common in all the districts.
P. April-Oct.

First record, Sib. 1794.

A. geniculatus, L. Jointed Foxtail Grass.

Top. Bot. 474. Syme, E. B. xi. 25. 1701. Nym. 794.

Native. Paludal. Wet places, pool and ditch margins. Generally
distributed. P. May-July.

First record, Sid. 1794.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 335

A very glaucous form occurred at Marston and on Otmoor.

Var. A. pronus, Mitt.

4. Ray. Otmoor.

The longer awn of geniculatus and the duller coloured anthers seem
constant features.

A. falvus, Sm.

Syme, E. B. xi. 23. 1700. Nym. 794.

Native. Paludal. Pondsides. Very Local. June, July.

First found by the Author in 1885.

8. Swere. Abundant by the sides of Clattercut Reservoir.

Berks. By Embrook Mill, near Wokingham, Brit. Northants,
Daventry Reservoir. Warwick.

CYNOSURUS. L.

C. cristatus, L. Crested Dog’s Tail Grass.

Top. Bot. 494. Syme, E. B. xi. 133.1776. Nym. 797. Bx. 216.

Native. Pascual. Dry fields, roadsides, ete. Common and generally
distributed. P. July, Aug.

First record, Sib. 1794. Forms a considerable portion of the herbage
of some of the drier pastures, and roadsides. Its spikes are frequently
twisted into bouquets by the village children. :

PHEAGMITES. Trin.

P. communis, Trin. Common Reed.

Top. Bot. 478. Syme, E. B. xi. 58.1727. Nym. 798. Bx. 372.

Native. Paludal. River-, pond- and ditchsides. Rather common. P.
Aug.

First record, Arundo vallatoria foliis ex luteo variegatis. Found by the
river Thames not far from Oxford, Ray, Stirp. 1690.

Phragmites is on record for all the districts except the Stour, in which
doubtless it occurs. It is extremely abundant by the Thames side and
the Cherwell. Thame and Ouse have it also frequently on their margins.
It occurs in great profusion in the marsh under Headington Wick Copse,
where it forms from November to January a beautiful show. The wind
has driven the feathery seeds from here across the fields towards Elsfield,
the hedges retaining a considerable number, so that now a thicket of them
runs along an elevated hedgerow on a dry sandy soil, very ditferent from
its usual habitat. By the river above Bablock Hithe it attains a height of
ten feet. Near Headington Wick, Phragmites nigricans, G. and G. (a
starved form ?) has been noticed.

CALAMAGROSTIS. Ad.
GC. Epigejos, Roth. Wood Small Reed.
Top. Bot. 479. Syme, E. B. xi. 53.1723. Nym. 798. Bx. 412.
336 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Native. Sylvestral. Woods and thickets. Ratherrare. P. June.

First record, Dr. Lightfoot, 1770.

4, Ray. Marston, Headington Wick, H. Bos.

5. Isis. Charlbury, T. Westcombe. Tar Wood, Sib.

6. Thame. Magdalen College Copse, Sib.! Copse near Horsepath,

Walk. Yurzefield near Bullingdon Green, Be.

7. Thames. Grays near Henley, Dr. Lightfoot.

Berks. Bagley Wood, Botley, Appleton, Pangbourne, Brit. North-
ants, Gloster, Warwick.

[C. lanceolata, Roth. Northants, Gloster W., Warwick.]

(Gastridium lendigerum, Gaud. Gloster W., Warwick. ]

[Apera Spica venti, B. Berks, Old Windsor.]

AGROSTIS. L.

A. alba, L. Fiorin. Marsh Bent.

Top. Bot. 478. Syme, E. B. xi. 48.1719. Nym. 800, Bx. 492.

Native. Pratal, etc. Field borders, moist meadows, etc. Common
and generally distributed. P. June, July.

First record, Sib. 1794.

The roots are frequently rooting when it is the A. stolonifera, L. spec.
Sib., which probably included 4. nigra, With.

A. vulgaris, With. Common Bent Grass.

Top. Bot. 478. Syme, E. B. xi. 50.1721. Nym. 8o1.

Native. Pascual. Dry pastures, roadsides, heaths, etc. Common and
generally distributed. P. June, July.

First record, Sib. 1794. A. tenuis, Sib.

Var. pumila, Light.

1. Stour. Tadmarton Heath.

5. Isis. North Leigh Heath, Fifield.
6. Thame. Shotover, Hb. Bu., 1824.
7. Thames. Binfield Heath.

Berks. Bagley Wood, Bz.

A. nigra, With.

Journ. Bot, 1882, t. 227, p. 65.

Native. Agrestal. Cornfields on stiff soil. Local, but probably occurs
in all the districts. P. July—Sept.

First record, the Author, 1883.

5. Isis. Near Bladon.

6. Thame. Dorchester, Cuddesdon.

7. Thames. Lewknor.

Berks. Wittenham. Bucks, Northants, Rep. of Rec. Club, 1883.

Warwick.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 337

A. canina, L.

Top. Bot. 478. Syme, E. B. xi. 46.1718. Nym. 801.

Native. Pascual and ericetal. Heaths, meadows, woods. Rather rare.

P. July, Aug. .

First record, Sib. 1794.

1. Stour. Tadmarton Heath.

3. Swere. Epwell Heath.

4. Ray. Headington Wick.

5. Isis. Bruern and Fifield, Ramsden Heath.

Berks. Wootton Heath, etc. Bucks, Napford. Northants, Harleston.
Gloster, Warwick.

Var. mutica, M. et K. A. varians,Th. A. vinealis, Desv. A. mutabilis, Sib.

Native. Ericetal. Heaths. Rare. P. July.

5. Isis. North Leigh Heath, Ramsden Heath.

Prof. Hackel has kindly named this for me. It is almost certainly the
mutabilis of Sib. recorded by him as a species from South Leigh and
Stanton St. John, which is the plant erroneously referred to A. setacea,
Curtis in Walker’s Flora. A. setacea does not occur in Oxford, the glau-
cous leaves of mutica bear a slight resemblance to setacea, but in addition
to other points of difference their flaccidity would distinguish it. In the
Cybele Mr. Watson says of A. setacea, ‘supposed to have been erroneously
reported for Oxon, the authority being Walker's Flora, p. 169. Phyt. ii.
113 n.8., Oxford, A. setacea, extinct. It was never found.

[A. setacea, Curt.

Berks. Bagshot Heath, B. G.]

MILIUM. L.

M. effusum, LD. Wood Millet Grass.

Top. Bot. 477. Syme, E. B. xi. 60.1728. Nym. 806. Bx. 247.

Native. Sylvestral. Woods and shady places. Local. P. May-July.

First record, Sib. 1794.

2. Ouse. Audley [Ardley], Sib.

5. Isis. Wilcot, Tar Wood, Sib. Coggs Wood, H. Bos.

7. Thames. Mongewell, Sid./ Caversham, Hb. Lawson. Stoken-
church, Hd. Bx./ Goring, H. Bos./ College Wood, Maple Dur-
ham, Sunley Wood, Vernals Wood, Ibstone, Ipsden, ete. Common
in the Chiltern Woods.

Berks. Near Childswell Farm, Bx. Streatley, etc.

AIRA. L.

A. cespitosa, L. Turfy Hair Grass.
Deschampsia cespitosa, B.
Top. Bot. 480. Syme, E. B. xi. 63. 1730. Nym. 807.

Z
338 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Native. Ericetal, etc. Pastures, ditchsides, commons, heaths, woods.
Generally distributed and locally common. P. June-Aug.

First record, Sib. 1794.

At Horton it occurred ergotized. It is found in Christ Church Meadow
and the Parks. In damp shady woods a very slender form is found.

A. flexuosa, D. Heath Hair Grass.

Top. Bot. 480. Syme, E. B. xi. 67.1732. Nym. 808.

Native. Ericetal, Heaths. Rare. P. June, July.

First record, Gramen nemorosum paniculis albis, capillaceo folio, C. B.
Pin. In ericeto solo glareoso haud longe ab Oxonio inventum a J. Bobart.
(Dill. Ray, 1724). Morison, 200. 1699.

.1. Stour. Tadmarton Heath, A. Fr.

5. Isis. North Leigh Heath, Sib. /

6. Thame. Shotover, Bx./ 1885.

7. Thames. Withy Coppice, Binfield Heath,

Berks. Childswell Farm, Bx. Bagley, Boar’s Hill, Wootton.

HOLCUS. L.

H. mollis, LZ. Creeping Soft Grass.

Top. Bot. 483. Syme, E. B. xi. 83.1743. Nym. 809.

Native. Sylvestral. Woods, Heaths. Ratherrare. P. July.

First record, Sib. 1794.

1. Stour. Tadmarton Heath!

3. Swere. The Causeway, Guill., rare. Epwell Heath, Hanwell Heath,
Bees. Bloxham Grove, A. Fr.

4. Ray. Stow Wood, Sib. Summertown, R. Linton. Marston Lane, Bz.
Marston.

6. Thame. Near Thame, Hb. Bz.

7. Thames. Chinnor, Checkendon.

H. lanatus, L. Meadow Soft Grass.

Top. Bot. 483. Syme, E. B. xi. 85.1744. Nym.8o9. Bx. 64.

Native. Pratal, etc. Meadows, cultivated fields, waste places. Abun-
dant and generally distributed. P. May-July.

First record, Sib. 1794.

ARRHENATHERUM. P. B.
A. avenaceum, P, B. Oat Soft Grass.

Top. Bot. 483. Syme, E. B. xi. 81.1742. Nym. 809. Bx. 480.

Native. Septal, etc. Roadsides, hedges, pastures, thickets, etc. Abun-
dant throughout the county. P. May-July.

First record, Sib. 1794, Holcus avenaceus, W.

Also known as A, elatius, Pr. Avena elatior, L.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 339

Var. A. bulbosum, Sch. Onion Couch Grass.
3. Swere. Milton, Adderbury, col. 4. French, Hb. Br. Mus.
4, Ray. Near Upper Heyford, Rev. LZ. Fox/ very typical.

AVENA. L.

A. fatua, L. Wild Oat.

Top. Bot. 480. Syme, E. B. xi. 79.1741. Nym. 811.

Colonist. Agrestal. Cultivated fields. A. July, Aug.

First record, Sib. 1794.

1, Stour. Between Sibford and Tadmarton Heath, three-flowered,
flower glume glabrous, pedicels hairy, A. Fr.

2. Ouse. Mixbury.

3. Swere. Adderbury East, A. Fr. Bloxham.

4. Ray. Upper Heyford, abundant, Bx. in Walker. In the New Bot.
Guide this record is erroneously given for Northamptonshire, in
which county there is a village of the same name. Islip, H. Bos.
Oddington, Bx. Beckley, etc.

5. Isis. Handborough, Charlbury.

6. Thame. Rose Hill, Bx. .Dorchester, Horsepath.

7. Thames. Goring.

Var. intermedia, Lindgren. Bullingdon.

Var. pilosa, Syme. Marston, etc.

Var. pilosissima, Gray. Bicester, etc.

* A. strigosa, Schreb. Black Oat.

Comp. Cyb. 593. Syme, E. B. xi. 77.1740. Nym. 810.
Alien. Agrestal. Cornfields. Rare or probably overlooked. A. July.
First record, A. French, 1876.

. Stour, Between Sibford and Tadmarton Heath, A. Fr.
. Ouse. Mixbury.

. Swere. Heyford.

Ray. Marston.

. Isis. Yarnton.

. Thame. Horsepath.

. Thames. Dunsden, South Stoke.

* A. sativa, L. Oat.
Alien. Occurs on waste ground, field-borders, as a casual plant.

NOOR ODE

A. pubescens, Huds. Downy Oat Grass.

Top. Bot. 481. Syme, E. B. xi. 74.1737. Nym. 811. Bx. 292.

Native. Pascual, glareal. Dry calcareous or gravelly pastures, chalk
downs. Not uncommon, P. June.

First record, Gr. aven. panic. purpuro argentea splendente. Blackstone,

1737-
Z2
340 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

1. Stour. Stourwell.

3. Swere. Bretch, T. Bees. Shutford.

4. Ray. Kirtlington, south-west of village in dry pastures, W. Wilson
Saunders! The Parks, H. LE. Garnsey/ plentiful 1885. Marston,
Stow Wood.

5. Isis. Cornbury Quarry! Blackstone. Wolvercote! Rev. R. Linton.
Witney! Burford! H. Bos. Wychwood, Ditchley Park, near Blen-
heim, Lyneham Camp.

6. Thame. Cowley! Littlemore! Bullingdon! Sib. Shotover, Hd.
Lawson. Headington Quarries, Bullingdon Green, Holton Quarries.

7. Thames. ‘Frequent in open chalky fields of Oxon,’ Sm. Eng. Fl.
Caversham ! H. Trimen, Hb. Br. Mus. Mongewell.

Berks. Cumnor.

A. pratensis, L. Meadow Oat Grass.
Top. Bot. 482. Syme, EH. B. xi. 75.1738. Nym. 811.
Native. Pascual, glareal. Dry calcareous and chalky fields. Rather
rare. P. July.
First record, Sib. 1794.
3. Swere. Bretch, 7. Bees. Neithrop, A. Fr. Shutford.
4. Ray. Meadows between Headington Wick and Elsfield.
5. Isis. Between Witney and Burford, H. Bos.! Cornbury Park,
Tainton Quarries.
6. Thame. Cowley, Littlemore, Bullingdon, Sid. Ifley, Newb. Holton
Quarries.
7. Thames. Caversham, Newd.! Whitchurch, Crowsley.
The Cocoons of the Burnet Moth are found attached to the culms of this
and of Bromus erectus.

A. flavescens, L. Yellow Oat Grass.

Trisetum flavescens, P. B.

Top. Bot. 482. Syme, E. B. xi. 73. 1736. Nym. 812.

Native. Pascual. Meadows, pastures, roadsides. Locally common. P.

June, July.

First record, Sib. 1794.

1. Stour. Tadmarton.

2. Ouse. Mixbury.

3. Swere. Banbury, Adderbury, etc., A. Fr. Somerton.

4. Ray. Headington Wick, H. Bos. The Parks, H. #. Garnsey /
Stow Wood, Mesopotamia.

5. Isis. Woodstock! H. Bos. Wolvercote, Ditchley, North Leigh,
Burford.

6. Thame. Bullingdon, Sandford, Hb. Lawson. Shotover, Wheatley,
ete.

7. Thames. South Stoke, Goring, Caversham, etc.

The Mesopotamia plant was a lax form with much greener florets.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 341

A. caryophyllea, Web. Silvery Hair Grass.

Top. Bot. 480, Syme, E. B. xi. 69. 1734. Nym. 815. Bx. 416.

Native. Glareal. Dry heathy places. Rather rare. A. May, June.

First record, Sib. 1794. Aira caryophyllea, L.

1. Stour. Tadmarton Heath, with var. patulipes, Jord.

8. Sewre. Between North Newington and Wroxton, 7. Bees. Near
Wroxton Mill, Gull.

4. Ray. Above Headington Wick Copse, Walker! Side of Stow Wood.

5. Isis. South Leigh Heath, Sib.

6. Thame. Shotover, Sib. Do. on north side, 1884.

7. Thames. Ibstone, Binfield.

Berks. Foxcombe Hill, Frilford, Tubney.

Var. aggregata, Tim.

6. Thames. Shotover.

A. preecox, P. B. Early Hair Grass.

Aira precox, L.

Top. Bot. 480. Syme, E. B. xi. 71.1735. Nym. 814.

Native. Glareal. Dry heathy places. Local. A. April, May.

First record, Gram. parv. precox spica laxa canescente, R., Blackstone,

1737-

1. Stour. Tadmarton Heath! Bees.

8. Swere. Epwell Heath.

4. Ray. Stow Wood, Beckley.

5. Isis. Plentiful in Wychwood Forest, Blackstone! South Leigh,
Sib. Finstock Heath, North Leigh Heath.

6. Thame. Shotover! Sib. Near the Ochre Pits, Shotover, H. EF.
Garnsey.

7. Thames. Binfield Heath, Nettlebed, Ibstone Common.

Berks. Boar’s Hill, Tubney, Frilford. Northants, Gloster, Warwick.

In Oxford precow is commoner than caryophyllea.

KOELERIA. P.

K. cristata, P. Crested Hair Grass.

Top. Bot. 483. Syme, E. B. xi. 88.1746. Nym. 817.

Native. Glareal. Calcareous and sandy pastures, roadsides. Local.

P. June, July.

First record, Sib. 1794. Poa cristata, L.

3. Swere. Bretch, Bees. Hanwell, Bloxham, A. Fr.

4, Ray. Between Middleton Stoney and Bicester, A. Fr. Summertown,
H. Bos. Headington Wick, R. Linton. Stow Wood, roadside near
Elsfield.

5. Isis. Woodstock, Wootton.
342, FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

6. Thame. Shotover, Bullingdon, H. Bos.

7. Thames, Caversham, Newb. Chinnor, Lewknor, and a specimen
with white glumes also on Chinnor Hill.

Var. gracilis, Bor.

4. Ray. Stow Wood, 1884.

Berks. Streatley, Frilford, Wootton. Bucks, Northants, Gloster,
Warwick.

MELICA. L.

M. uniflora, Retz. Melie Grass.

Top. Bot. 485. Syme, E. B. xi. 93.1749. Nym. 818.

Native. Septal. Hedges, shady woods. Locally common. P. May, June.

First record, Gram. avenac. nemor. glumis rarior. ex fusco xerampelinis,

R. Blackstone, 1737.

2. Ouse. Ardley, Sib.

3. Swere. Absent (?).

4, Ray. Near Rousham, 4. Fr. Middleton Stoney, Rogers. Heading-
ton Wick, H. Bos. Near Stow Wood.

5. Isis. Plentifully in Wychwood, Blackstone / Church Handborough !
Bx. Lees Rest Wood, T. Westcombe. Mill Wood.

6. Thame. Shotover under hedge right-hand side of road, Bz.
Horsepath Lane.

7. Thames. Mongewell! Stokenchurch, Sib. Goring, H. Bos. Near
Shiplake, A. Fr. Henley, Bx./ Common on the chalk, especially
on the tertiary. Withy Coppice, Nettlebed, Checkendon, Sunley
Wood, Woodcote, Ibstone, Assenton, Binfield, Whitchurch, etc.

Berks. Tubney, Pangbourne, etc.

* M. ciliata, D. Nym. 817.

Alien. ‘TI suspect this will be naturalized about Oxford; it is now

abundant on an old wall on the north side of the garden,’ Hd. Bu. 1817.

[M. nutans, Z. Bedford Purlieus, Northants, 1874. Gloster E. 2].

SIEGLINGIA. Bernh.
5. decumbens, B.
Danthonia, DC. Triodia decumbens, B.
Top. Bot. 483. Syme, E. B. xi. 87.1745. Nym. 817. Bx. 488.
Native. Ericetal. Heaths, bogs, dry pastures. Local and rare. P.
June, July.
First record, 8ib. 1794. Festuca decumbens, L.
4. Ray. Between Islip and Oddington, Mrs. Davenport. Beckley.
5. Isis. South Leigh, Sib. North Leigh.
6. Thame. Shotover, Sib./ Bullingdon, H. Bos,
7. Thames. Binfield Heath.
Berks. Bagley, Streatley, Bablock Hithe.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 343

MOLINIA. Sch.
M. cerulea, Mch. — Purple Melic Grass.
Top. Bot. 486. Syme, E. B. xi. 94.1750. Nym. 818. Bx. 252.
Native. Uliginal. Bogs and marshes. Rare. P. July, Aug.
First record, Sib. 1794. Melica cerulea, Sib.
4, Ray. Headington Wick, H. Bos.! 1885. Stow Wood.
5. Isis. South Leigh Heath, Sib. North Leigh Heath, 1885.
6. Thame. Morass on Bullingdon Green, S2b. / 1885. Shotover, H. Bos.
7. Thames. Binfield Heath.
Berks. Frilford.

Given unlocalised in Walker.

DACTYLIS. L.
D. glomerata, L. Cock’ sfoot Grass.
Top. Bot. 494. Syme, E. B. xi. 136.1778. Nym. 819. Bx. 108.
Native. Pascual, etc. Pastures, roadsides, waste places. Abundant
in all the districts. P. June, July.
First record, Sib. 1794.
A form with yellow anthers also is not unusual.

VULPIA. Gin.

V. sciuroides, Gm. Barren Fescue Grass.

Festuca sciuroides, Roth,

Syme, E. B. xi. 142. 1782. Nym. 820.

Native. Glareal. Sandy pastures, walls, dry banks, ete. Local. A.

May, June.

First record, 8ib. 1794. FF. bromoides, L.

1. Stour. Tadmarton Heath, T. Bees.

3. Swere. Shutford.

4, Ray. Headington, Sib. Kidlington, H. Bos. Elsfield, Heading-
ton Wick.

5. Isis. Eynsham, H. Bos. Finstock Heath, North Leigh, fine specimen.

6. Thame. By Warneford Asylum, H. Bos./ Waterstock, A. Fr.
Shotover.

7. Thames. Binfield Heath, Brightwell, Ibstone.

Berks. Bagley Wood, Ferry Hinksey, Boar’s Hill, Cumnor, Wootton,
Tubney.

V. Myuros, Gm. Capon’s-tail Grass.

F. pseudo myurus, Soy.

Top. Bot. 495. Syme, E. B. xi. 141, 1781. Nym. 820.

Native. Glareal. Wall tops, dry sandy ground. Rather rare. A.

June, July.
First record, Sib. 1794. F. myurus, L.
J. Stour. Tadmarton Heath, T. Bees.
344 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE,

8. Swere. Adderbury, Upper Tadmarton, Barford, 4. Fr. Broughton,
Cropredy. ;

4, Ray. Kirtlington, W. Wilson Saunders, ‘15 to 18 inches high,’
Rousham, Middleton Stoney, Bx. Marston, Sib. / abundant on all
the walls.

5. Isis. Eynsham, Bx. Bampton.

6. Thame. Iffley, Sib. Bate’s Ley’s Thame, Bz. Shotover, H. Bos.
Cowley, Newb. Great Haseley, Stanton St. John, Bullingdon.

7. Thames. Goring.

Berks. Marcham, Rep. of Rec. Club, 1883. Wootton. Bucks,

Northants, Gloster E., Warwick.

BROMUS. L.

B. sterilis, L. Barren Brome Grass.

Top. Bot. 498. Syme, E. B. xi. 163.1799. Nym. 821.

Native. Viatical. Waysides, wall-tops, banks, waste places. Very
common, occurring in all the districts. A. June.

First record, Sib. 1794.

Occurs on wall-tops in Oxford, as in Rose Lane, etc. In such situations
the spikelets become condensed; could such a state have been mistaken for
madritensis by the early botanists ?

B. asper, Murr. Fairy-stalked Brome Grass.

Top. Bot. 498. Syme, E. B. xi. 157.1795. Nym. 822.

Native. Septal, etc. Hedges, woods, copses. Occurs in all the
districts, but not as a very abundant grass. P. June, July.

First record, Sib. 1794. B. hirsutus, Curt.

Gulliver in his list included a B. asper as well as a B. hirsutus.
B. Benekenii has not been noticed in the county, the Oxon plant being
B. serotinus, Ben.

B. erectus, Huds. Upright Brome Grass.

Top. Bot. 499. Syme, E. B. xi. 159.1796. Nym. 822.

Native. Glareal, pascual. Dry limestone and chalky pastures, field-
borders, rail-banks, etc. ‘Locally abundant. P. June, July.

First record, Sherard, 1690, and first as a British plant. Festuca
avenacea sterilis spicis erectis, R.

1. Stour. Near the Stourwell.

. Ouse. Mixbury.

. Swere. Somewhere near Banbury, Canalside, Bees. Somerton.

. Ray. Headington Wick, Bx. Beckley! A. Fr. Stow Wood!
H. Bos. Marston, abundant by railside between Kirtlington and
Upper Heyford, the Parks Oxford.

. Isis. Hedges beyond Botley, Bobart; this probably is in Berks.
About Cornbury Quarries and several other parts of Wychwood
Forest, Blackstone, 1746. Ditchley Park, Mr. Woodward. Wood-

Bo Db

on
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 345

stock, H. Bos. Charlbury, Blenheim, Wolvercote; abundant
about Wootton, and Ditchley, Lyneham Camp, Ashford Mills.
By the riverside near Tumbling Bay and at Osney, seeds probably
brought down by the river to this situation. Common about
Bampton, Brize Norton, Tainton Quarries.

6. Thame. On the side of Bullingdon Green, near Magdalen Copse,
Sib.! Holton Quarries, Bayswater, etc.

7. Thames. Goring, Caversham, South Stoke.

Berks. Foxcombe Hill, Cumnor, Streatley. Bueks, Northants,
Gloster E., Warwick.

In Trans. Linn. Soc., vol. iv. 1798, Sir James Smith quotes Bobart’s
locality and also the Ditchley habitat recorded by Mr. Woodward, and
states it was first found in Oxford by Sherard, and given by him to Bobart.
In Ray’s Syn., ed. iii., Dillenius has added synonyms of Plukenet and
Morison, which belong to a widely different plant, B. madritensis.

‘Not rare in Oxford, where Sherard first found this species, Sm. Eng.
Fl.

Var. B. villosus, Syme, I have failed to find; it occurs in Warwick.

* B. secalinus, L. Rye Brome Grass. Serrafalcus, Bab.

Comp. Cyb. 402. Syme, E. B. xi. 165.1800. Nym. 822.

Colonist. Agrestal. Cornfields and pastures. Rare. A. June, July.

First record, Sib. 1794.

3. Swere. First ploughed field Hanwell foot-road, T. Bees. Between
Milton and Bloxham, 4. Fr. Somerton.

4, Ray. Elsfield, Marston Fields.

5. Isis. Yarnton, H. Bos.

6. Thame. Headington, H. Bos. Dorchester.

7. Thames. Mongewell, Chinnor, Crowsley.

B. commutatus, Schrad. Serrafaleus, Bab.
Top. Bot. Ayres Sp. Syme, E, B. xi. 168. 1802. Nym. 822.
Native. Pratal, etc. Cultivated fields, meadows, and field-borders,
etc. B. June, July.
First record, W. W. Newbould, about 1860.
. Stour. Stourwell, T. Bees.
Ouse. Mixbury.
Swere. Somerton.
Ray. Marston, Elsfield.
. Isis. North Leigh, Kelmscott, Tadpole tow-path side.
. Thame. Var. multiflorum, Parn. Bullingdon, H. Bos. Christ
Church Meadow.
7. Thames. Several places between Goring and Pangbourne, Newb,
South Stoke. Var. multiforum, Parn.

Berks. Bucks, Gloster E., Northants, Warwick.

ee
346 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

B. racemosus, LZ. Serrafaleus, Bab.

Syme, E. B. xi. 167. 1803. Nym. 823.

Native. Pascual. Pastures, meadows. Scattered through the

county. B. June, July.

First record, W. Baxter in Purton, 1821.

8. Swere. Shutford.

4. Ray. Marston, Otmoor.

5. Isis. Christ Church and Merton Meadow, Bx. in Purton. Oxford,
Newb. Kelmscott, Bampton, common in the meadows of the
Upper Thames.

6. Thame. Cowley Field, Cheney Lane, Meadows between St.
Clement’s and Iffley, Br. in Walk. Thame, Hb. Bx. Shotover,
Bullingdon.

7. Thames. Goring, B. King. Sonning, F. Tufnail. Chinnor, Bin-
field, Caversham.

Berks. Bucks, Gloster E., Northants.

* B. arvensis, L. Field Brome Grass. Serrafalcus, Bab.

Comp. Cyb. 596. Syme, E. B. xi. 171. 1806. Nym. 823.

Alien. Cornfields, roadsides. Very rare. A. July, Aug.

First certain record, H. Boswell, 1860.

4. Ray. The Parks Oxford, H. Bos., Rep. of Bot. Ex. Club, 1866.
Headington Wick, Stow Wood, H. Bos. 1860.

5. Isis. [Ditchley, Mr. Woodward in Bot. Guide and New. Bot.
Guide. This record Mr. Newbould would refer to commutatus, but
I suspect erectus was intended, there being no trace of any other
record by Mr. Woodward than the one quoted under, B. erectus.]

B. mollis, L. Soft Brome Grass. Serrafaleus, Bab.

Top. Bot. 501. Syme, E. B. xi. 169. 1804. Nym. 823.

Native. Pascual, etc. Waysides, meadows, banks, etc. Very abun-
dant throughout the county. A.or B. May, June.

Common in Oxford, as in the Parks, Christ Church Meadow, etc.

First record, Sib. 1794.

Var. B. glabrescens, Coss. (racemosus, Parn. non Parl.).

4, Ray. Elsfield.

5. Isis. North Leigh, Charlbury.

6. Thame. Oxford, Newb.

7. Thames. Goring, Whitchurch, Binfield, Caversham, etc.

[B. madritensis, L.

Top. Bot. 23 (?). Syme, E. B. xi. 160.1797. Nym. 821.
Incog. or extinct. ‘Walls. A. May.

First and only record, Sib. 1794.

‘Iffley, B. muralis, Huds.,’ Sib.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 347

Old walls about Oxford, Huds. Fl. Ang. 1798. Formerly grew near
London and probably Oxford, Cyb. Br. iii. 227. Hudson’s record was
probably an incorrect copy of Sibthorp’s.

Gloster W., St. Vincent’s Rocks. ]

FESTUCA. Vill.

F. gigantea, Vill. Tall Brome Grass.

Top. Bot. 498. Syme, E. B. xi. 155.1793. Nym. 825.

Native. Sylvestral. Woods, shady hedgesides, ete. Common and
generally distributed. P, July.

First record, Sid. 1794. Bromus giganteus, L.

Occurs in Christ Church Meadow, Magdalen College Walk, ete.

Var. triflora, Sm. Syme, E. B. xi. 155. 1794.

Marston Lane, etc.

F. elatior, L. Tull Fescue Grass.

Top. Bot. 497. Syme, E. B. xi. 150. 1789. Nym. 824.

Native. Pratal. Wet pastures, riversides, etc. Generally distributed,
especially in the Thame, Thames, and Cherwell districts. P. June, July.

First record, Sib. 1794.

Var. arundinacea, Schreb. Syme, E. B. 1790.
5. Isis. Port Meadow, Mrs. Davenport!

F. pratensis, Huds. Meadow Fescue.

Top. Bot. 497. Syme, E. B. xi. 153.1791. Nym. 825. Bx. 324.

Native. Pratal, etc. Moist meadows, pastures, cultivated ground.
Abundant in many districts. P. June, July.

First record, Sib. 1794.

Var. loliacea, Curt. Prof. Hackel and Nyman give this as a hybrid
of F. pratensis with Lolium perenne.

Sibthorp gives this as a species, and quotes Hudson’s description and
Curtis. The true loliacea has distichous spikelets on a flat not triangular
rachis.

3. Swere. Meadow, Bees.

4, Ray. Summertown, H. Bos. Islip.

5. Isis. Yarnton, H. FE. Garnsey. Binsey, H. Bos.

6. Thame. Cowley, H. Bos. Iffley.

7. Thames. North Stoke.

A dwarf form of pratensis, with dark glossy glumes, occurred on the
north side of Shotover in a ploughed field.

F. duriuscula, L. F. ovina v. duriuscula, Hack.
Top. Bot. 495. Syme, E, B. xi. 145.1785. Nym. 827.
348 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Native. Pascual. Meadows, pastures, roadsides. Common. P. June.

First record, Sib. 1794.

Occurs on walls in Oxford. A large form three feet high in Heading-
ton Wick Copse, is fide Hackel F. rubra, L.

Var. F. trachyphylia, Hack. Mon. Fest. p. 91.

This well-marked plant occurs on wall-tops and dry banks in districts
on the great oolite, as at Bretch, in Swere district, Brize Norton, Burford,
etc., in Isis. Its rigid narrow leaves, with scabrid lamina, and scaberulous
culms, well distinguish it. Gramen incog. spica sparti foltis reflexis glaucis
striatis radice fungosa of Dillenius from Brean Down is probably the same
thing, as is the Gramen foliolis junceis oblongis radice alba of the synopsis
from Wootton Heath, Berks. It occurs also in Gloster and Wilts.

F. ovina, L. Sheep’s Fescue Gtrass.

Top. Bot. 495. Syme, E. B. xi. 143. 1783. Nym. 828.

Native. Glareal, etc. Dry pastures, heaths, chalk downs, etc. Locally
common. P. June. Recorded from all the districts, but not a very
frequent plant.

First record, Sib. 1794.

Var. tenutfolia, Sib.

1. Stour. Tadmarton Heath.

3. Swere. Epwell Heath.

6. Thame. Bullingdon Green, Sib.

Var. major, Syme.
7. Thames. Caversham.

Var. glauca, Lam. Spec. Nym.
4. Ray. Stow Wood.

GLYCERIA. Br.

G. aquatica, W. Reed Meadow Grass.

Top. Bot. 486. Syme, E. B. xi. 100.1751. Nym. 830.
Native. Paludal. River-, canal-, and brooksides. P. July.
Recorded for all districts except the Stour.

First record, Sib. 1794. Poa aquatica, L.

G. fluitans, Br. Floating Meadow Grass.

Festuca fluitans.

Top. Bot. 487. Syme, E. B. xi. 79.1752. Nym. 830.

Native. Paludal, ete. Ponds, ditch, etc., often floating. Common and
generally distributed. P. June—Oct.

First record, Sir Joseph Banks about 1760.

Ergotized plants were common between the Canal and Port Meadow in
the wet year of 1879.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 349

On dry ground a form occurs with narrower and shorter leaves, and very
patent panicle branches.

G. plicata, Fries.

Comp. Cyb. 393. Syme, E. B. xi. 98.1753. Nym. 830.

Native. Paludal. Ditchsides, ponds, slow streams, often growing in
the water. P. June—Oct.

First record, Rev. W. Newbould and H. Boswell about 1860.

4. Ray. Marston, Otmoor.

5. Isis. Bampton, Clanfield, Osney.

6. Thame. Iffley, Newb., seems as common as fluitans, H. Bos. Cowley

Marsh, Shotover.
7. Thames. Ibstone, Caversham.
Berks. South Hinksey. Bucks, Northants, Gloster E., Warwick.

Var. pedicellata, Towns.

4. Ray. Marston.

5. Isis. Kingham, Foscott.

6. Thame. Cowley Marsh, see Rep. of Rec. Club, 1880. Wheatley.
7. Thames. Saunders’ Green.

Berks. Radley, Kennington, Abingdon.

SCHLEROCHLOA. P. B.

S. rigida, P. Poa,L. Festuca, Kth.

Top. Bot. 490. Syme, E. B. xi. 108.1758. Nym. 832. Bx. 288.

Native. Glareal. Dry calcareous ground, walls, ete. Not very common.

A. May, June.

First record, Dillenius, about 1730.

3. Swere. Newland, Adderbury, Gull. Bretch, North Newington,
A. Fr. Barford St. John, Milton.

4, Ray. Bicester, Kirtlington, Holywell, Elsfield.

5. Isis. Wolvercote, Blenheim Park Wall, Cornbury, Bampton, Kelms-
cott, Tainton.

6. Thame. Shotover! Dillenius. Great Milton, Haseley, Bullingdon,
Wheatley.

7. Thames. Caversham, F. A. Lees. Ilvingden Farm, Goring, etc.

Berks, Cumnor, Marcham.

[S. distans, Bab. Northants, well established. Gloster W.]

BRIZA. L.
B. media, L. Quaking Grass. Totter Grass.
Top. Bot. 494. Syme, E. B. xi. 130.1774. Nym. 832. Bx. 104.
Native. Pascual, uliginal. Pastures, roadsides, boggy places. Com-
mon. P. June.
First record, Sib. 1794.
3 5° FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Occurs in all the districts and locally abandant. It is found in the
Parks, and plentifully in Marston fields. It flourishes in the driest
pasture, and is also found growing in the wet bogs with Hypnum faleatum.

Poa. L.

P. pratensis, L. Smooth-stalked Meadow Grass.

Top. Bot. 492. Syme, E. B. xi. 127.1771. Nym. 834.

Native. Pascual. Meadows, pastures, waysides, wall-tops, ete. Abun-
dant in all the districts, occurring plentifully on walls in Oxford. P.
June, July.

First record, Sib. 1794.

Var. subcerulea, Gaud.

1. Stour. Tadmarton Heath.

4. Ray. Bicester, Bayswater, Elsfield.
5. Isis. Charlbury, North Leigh.

6. Thame. Wheatley.

Berks. Buckland, H. Bos.

Var. angustifolia, Gaud.

Gramen pratense paniculatum angustiore folio. From Oxford, Bobart,
Tilleman, Ray, ii. 1696, see Ray, iii. 409; is not unfrequent in woods,
especially on the Chilterns, as at Whitchurch, Sunley Wood, Withy
Coppice, etc.

P. trivialis, L. Rough-stalked Meadow Grass.

Top. Bot. 293. Syme, E. B. xi. 129.1773. Nym. 834.

Native. Pratal, etc. Pastures, meadows, field-borders. Common in
all the districts, and usually found in shadier and damper situations than
preceding species. P. June, July. Occurs in the Parks, Christ Church,
and Magdalen meadows, etc.

First record, Sid. 1794.

A form with smaller and paler florets, and smoother leaf sheaths which
occur in damp woods and shady ditches, is probably P. Koeleri, DC. Is
this identical with Parnell’s parviflora?

P. nemoralis, L. Wood Meadow Grass.

Syme, E. B. xi. 123. 1768. Nym. 834.

Native. Septal, sylvestral. Hedges, woods. Local. P. April-June.

First record, Sib. 1794.

Omitted from Top. Bot. Absent or very rare in North Oxfordshire.

4. Ray. Headington Wick Copse! Magdalen College Walks! H. Bos.
Beckley, Stow Wood.

5. Isis. Wychwood! H. Bos. North Leigh, Mill Wood.

6. Thame, Shady ditchside by sandy lane south of Shotover, see Rep.
of Ree. Club, 1880.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE, 351

7. Thames. Frequent in woods and hedges on the tertiary, as Binfield,
Withy Coppice, Maple Durham, Whitchurch, Sunley Wood,
depauperated form, Vernals Wood, woods near Clump House,
Kidmore End.

Berks. Northants, Gloster E., Warwick.

Var. angustifolia, Parn., has also been noticed in the Chiltern Woods.
By Withy Coppice a form with narrow erect panicle which may be
coarctata, Gaud., occurred.

P. compressa, L.

Top. Bot. 492. Syme, E. B. xi. 125.1770. Nym. 834.

Native. Glareal. Wall-tops, dry fields. Rare, but probably much

overlooked. P. June, July.

First record, Sib. 1794.

1. Stour. Swalecliffe Farm, near Sibford.

8. Swere. Adderbury, Banbury, 4. Fr. Deddington, Charlton, Rev.
Moyle Rogers. Wadham Wall.

4. Ray. Bicester, A. fr. Barton, Elsfield, H. Bos. /

5. Isis. St. Aldate’s Church, walls opposite Pembroke College, Sib.
extinct. St. Peter’s-in-the-East Church walls, Bz. Walls below
Oxford Castle, Woodstock, Witney, Bampton, Clanfield.

6. Thame. Sandford, J. French. Headington, H. Bos. Dorchester,
Wheatley.

7. Thames. Lewknor, A. Fr. Ilvingden Farm.

Berks. Cumnor. Bucks, Northants, Gloster, Warwick.

P. annua, L. Annual Meadow Grass.

Top. Bot. 490. Syme, HE. B. xi, 111, 1760. Nym. 837.

Native. Meadows, pastures, roadsides, waste places. Abundant
throughout the county. Our commonest plant. A. Flowers all the year
round.

First record, Sid. 1794.

CATABROSA. P.B.
C. aquatica, P. B. Water Whorl Grass.

Top. Bot. 486. Syme, E. B. xi. 94.1750. Nym. 837. Bx. 252.

Native. Inundatal. Ditch- and pondsides. Local, rather rare. P.
May-July.

First record, Sid. 1794. Aira aquatica, L.

83. Swere. Hanwell, Bees, Berry Moor, Gull.

4, Ray. Upper Heyford, Br. Marston Lane, plentiful.

5. Isis. Between Church and Long Handborough, Bz. Bampton, Clan-

field, Foscott.
6. Thame. Sandford Lane, Std. Shotover, Hb. Lawson. Cowley,
352 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Bullingdon Green, Bx. South side of Shotover, H. Bos. By field-
path from Headington Quarries to Shotover, H. #. Garnsey.
Berks. Hinksey, H. Bos. Radley, H. EF. Garnsey. Kennington.

HORDEUM. L.

H. sylvaticum, Huds.

Elymus europeus, L.

Top. Bot. 505. Syme, E. B. xi. 192. 1820. Nym. 837. Bx. 496.

Native. Sylvestral. Woods, on calcareous or chalky soil. Local. P.

July, Aug.

First record, Bobart, 1690, and first as a British plant.

Gr. secalin. majus sylvaticum, R.

2. Ouse. Ardley Wood, Sib., Elymus ewropeus, L.

7. Thames. Stokenchurch, Bobart in Ray, i. and Morison, iii. 1696.
Oxford reference in Sm. Fl. Br., Eng. Fl., Bot. Guide, N. B. G.
Hudson, ete., specimen in Sherard’s herb. found by Bobart in
Stokenchurch Woods! Henley, Gough, ed. ii. Penley Hangings,
Bz.! Nettlebed, Goring, H. Bos./ Watlington, Mongewell,
Nuffield, Sunley Wood, Aston Wood.

Berks. Bisham Wood! Bucks, Gloster E., Northants.

E. murinum, L. Wall Barley.

Top. Bot. 506. Syme, HE. B. xi. 194. 1822. Nym. 838. Bx. 344.

Native. Viatical. Waste places, roadsides, especially about villages.
Common and generally distributed. B. June, July.

First record, Sid. 1794.

H. secalinum, Schreb. Meadow Barley.

HT. pratense, Huds.

Top. Bot. 505. Syme, E. B. xi. 193. 1821. Nym. 838.

Native. Pratal. Meadows and pastures. Locally common and re-
corded from all the districts. P. July. Plentiful in the Marston Meadows.

First record, Sib. 1794, H. pratense.

* * Secale cereale, D. Rye.

Alien. Occurs casually by field-borders and waste places, but is not
persistent.

TRITICUM. L.

T. repens, L. Twitch. Couch Grass. Agropyron, Beauv.

Top. Bot. 502. Syme, E. B. xi. 178. 1810. Nym. 841. Bx. 112.

Native. Agrestal. Cultivated ground, field- borders, hedges, etc.
Abundant. P. June.

Occurs too frequently in all the districts, but is much less abundant on
the chalk.

First record, 81d. 1794.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 353

Baxter records a glaucous variety from Binsey Lane.

An awned form or variety occurring in hedgerows is T. barbatum,
Duval Jouve.

4. Ray. Wood Eaton.

5. Isis. Osney.

** Casual plants of Triticum vulgare, V., Wheat, appear for a short
time, but are not persistent.

T. caninum, Huds.

Top. Bot. 505. Syme, E. B. xi. 177. 1809. Nym. 541.

Native. Septal. Hedges, wood-borders. Ratherrare. P. July.

First record, Bobart or Sherard, 1690. Gramen caninum aristatum

radice non repente sylvat. Ray syn. i., also in Morison, iii. 176.

2. Ouse. Ardley, Sib. Mixbury.

4. Ray. Stow Wood, Sib./ Magdalen College Walks, H. FE. Garnsey /
Elsfield Lane.

5. Isis. Tar Wood, Sib. Towing-path side near Oxford, Bz. North
Leigh.

6. Thame. Between Oxford and Iffey, Bz. Menmarsh Farm, A. Fr.

7. Thames. Stokenchurch Woods plentifully, Bobart. Also spec. of
Sherard’s in Hb. Sherard labelled,—‘ this was first found by me in
Stokenchurch Woods.’ References to Oxford may be found in Huds.,
Martyn, Milne, etc. Roadside by ‘ Flowing Spring’ Dunsden, A. Fr.
Penley Hangings, Hb. Br./ Binfield, Nettlebed, Mongewell.

Berks. Boar’s Hill, Wootton.

BRACHYPODIUM. P.B.
B. sylvaticum, Ff. 8. Slender Wood Fescue.
Top. Bot. 501. Syme, E. B. xi. 173. 1807. Nym. 842.
Native. Septal. Shady places, hedgebanks, etc. Rather common.

P. June.
First record, Sib. 1794. Festuca sylvatica, Huds.

B. pinnatum, P. B. Spiked Fescue Grass.

Top. Bot. 501. Syme, E. B. xi. 175. 1808. Nym. 427. Bx. 448.

Native. Glareal, pascual. Dry calcareous pastures, roadsides, downs,

ete. Locally abundant. P. July.

First record, Bobart. Gramen spica Brize majus, C. B. P., 1696.

Copses and hedges, common enough about Oxford.

2. Ouse. Ardley, Mixbury.

3. Swere. Epwell Heath, Bees. Hooknorton, A. Fr.

4, Ray. Between Upper Heyford and Northbrook, Bx. Kirtlington
Common, W. Wilson Saunders. Middleton Stoney, 4. Fr. On
Heyford Leys, Bz. Elsfield.

Aa
354 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

5. Isis. Woodstock Park! J. Sherard in Ray, iii. 1724, also Sib. 1794.
Burford Downs! Dr. Goodenough in Sm. Fl. Br. Chipping Nor-
ton, Charlbury, 4. Fr. Between Witney and Burford! Between
Stonesfield and Woodstock, Bx. Leafield, H. Bos. Charlbury,
Handborough, Coombe, Wootton, Ditchley, Lyneham, Spilsbury,
Bampton, Clanfield, Brize Norton, Tainton.

6. Thame. Littlemore, H. FE. Garnsey. Holton Quarries, Bullingdon.

References to Oxford are numerous, e.g. Huds., Ray, ed. ii. and iii.,

Withering, Sm. Fl. Br., Bot. Guide, Sir J. Smith, Mon. Trans. Lin. Soc.,
vol. iv., 1798. Knapp’s Grasses ‘profusely between Cirencester and Oxford
and Buckingham and Middleton Stoney !’

In New Bot. Guide the Upper Heyford locality is by mistake entered

under Northamptonshire. In Sibthorp Sherard’s locality is given, and the
plant called Festuca pinnata.

Berks. Cumnor, Bessilsleigh. Northants, Gloster E., Warwick (?).

LOLIUM. L.

*L. temulentum, Z. Bearded Darnel.

Comp. Cyb. 405. Syme, E. B. xi. 187. 1876. Nym. 844.

Colonist. Agrestal. Cornfields. Very rare. A. June~Aug.

First record, W. Baxter, 1812.

3. Swere. In a back-garden, Cherwell St., Banbury, springing up
where hemp seeds used for feeding birds had been littered. LD.
arvense, W., pastures West Adderbury, ‘ doubtful if this or deformed
perenne, A. Fr. .

5. Isis. ‘I found this grass on 25th Aug. 1812 by the side of the foot-
path leading from Church Handborough to Eynsham,’ W. Bz.

6. Thame. Cowley field. LZ. arvense, Bu. in Walk., Syme, E. B. xi.
188. 1817.

The extra care in cleaning seed-wheat has almost extirpated this noxious

weed, and to the same cause we probably owe the decrease of Caucalis
daucoides, Buplewrum rotundifolium, Adonis, and Delphinium.

* ZL. italicum, A. Br. Italian Rye Grass.

Syme, E. B. xi. 186.1815. Nym. 844.

Alien. Cultivated fields and waste ground. June.

4. Ray. LElsfield, Mesopotamia, Marston.

5. Isis. Stonesfield.

6. Thame. Shotover, H. Bos. 1860. Near Iffley.

7. Thames. Goring, etc.

First introduced as a Fodder Grass in 1831, . . . DL. multiflorum, Lam.,
and cultivated forms of the next species are found among seed crops.

L. perenne, LD, Darnel.
Top. Bot. 504. Syme, H. B. xi. 185.1814. Nym. 845. Bx. 116.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 355

Native. Pascual. Pastures, roadsides, cultivated fields, etc. Abundant.
P. June.

Said by Plot, 1677, to have been first sown in the Chiltern part of the
county, to have been afterwards brought near Oxford by Mr. Eustace of
Islip.

First record, 1666, Merrett, ‘=. variety with short and narrow leaves
near Oxford.’

Sibthorp, 1794, gives a variety L. compressum, the Gram. loliac. spic.
brevibus et latiortbus compressis of Morison, as an Oxford plant—it is by
no means unfrequent. Var. D. tenue, Linn., also occurs on Shotover. An
aristate form is not uncommon. The Darnel is a very common species
occurring plentifully in Oxford by waysides and on walls.

NARDUS. JL.

N. stricta, L. Mat Grass.

Top. Bot. 507. Syme, E. B. xi. 197. 1824. Nym. 846. Bx. 300.

Native. Ericetal. Heaths. Local and rare. P. June, July.

First record, Sib. 1794.

3. Swere. Furze ground near Hanwell, Gull. Hanwell Heath, Bees.

5. Isis. South Leigh Heath, Sid., extinct. Ramsden Heath, T. West-
combe, extinct. North Leigh Heath, 1885. instock Heath,
1885. ‘i

6. Thame. Shotover, Sib. Do., Baxt. ‘Lost,’ H. Bos.

7. Thames. Binfield Heath, 1885.

Berks. Cumnor Hurst, Bx. Northants, absent. Bucks, Gloster W.,
Warwick.

Cu. II. ACOTYLEDONEL.

Orv. LXXXIX. EQUISETACEA, DC.
EQUISETUM. L.
E. maximum, Zam. Great Horsetatl.
E. Telmateia, Ehrh. EF. fluviatile, Sm.
Top. Bot. 531. Syme, E. B. xii. 150. 1888. Nym. 859.
Native. Sylvestral, etc. Wet shady places, woods, hedges, ete. Local.
P. April.
First record, Sib. 1794. EE. fluviatile.
3. Swere. Wroxton, Hanwell, Gull. Epwell Hill.
4. Ray. Rousham, Bayswater, Beckley, Headington Wick.
5. Isis. Handborough, Cornbury Quarry.
6. Thame. Headington, Horsepath Lane, Shotover Plantations, Stanton
St. John, Thame, Albury, Wheatley.
Berks. Chawley Hurst, Bagley.
Aaz
356 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

E. arvense, L. Field Horsetait.

Top. Bot. 531. Syme, E. B. xii. 152. 1889. Nym. 859.

Native. Agrestal, etc. Fields, waysides, rail-banks, waste places.
Abundant throughout the county. P. March.

First record, Dillenius, ‘Hockley in the Hole,’ 1746.

The barren stems are often decumbent.

E. sylvaticum, L. Wood Horsetatl.

Top. Bot.532. Syme, EH. B. xii. 156. 1891. Nym. 859.

Native. Sylvestral. Very rare or extinct. P. April.

First record, 2b. 1794. ‘ Moist woods—shady places in boggy ground.’

6. Thame. Bog on north side of Shotover, Bz. Stirp. Cryp. Ox. Not

there now.

Berks. Bagley, Rev. EH. Fox. Boar’s Hill, 1885.

See Ger. Hm. 1115. 633, for an unnamed plant which may be this, the
station seems in Berks.

E. limosum, L. Smooth Horsetatt.

Top. Bot. 533. Syme, E. B. xii. 159. 1893. Nym. 859.

Native. Paludal, lacustral. Ditches, brooks, ponds, etc. Locally

abundant, and after arvense the commonest species. P. June, July.

First record, Sib. 1794.

2. Ouse. Mixbury.

8. Swere. Broughton, Bees. Cherwell Mill Meadow, A. Fr. Somer-
ton.

4. Ray. Middleton Park, H. Bos. Kirtlington, Heyford, Rousham,
Marston, Oxford, ete.

5. Isis. Abundant in the Wychwood ponds, Ramsden Heath, Ditchley,
Binsey, Port Meadow, etc.

6. Thame. Iffley, Christ Church Meadow, Albury, Rycote, Dorches-
ter, etc.

7. Thames. Goring, South Stoke, etc.

Var. E. fluviatile, L.

3. Swere. Cropredy.

4, Ray. Marston Meadows, Otmoor.

5. Isis. Eynsham, near Chimney, Wolvercote.
6. Thame. Dorchester.

7. Thames. North Stoke.

E. palustre, L. Marsh Horsetail.

Top. Bot. 533. Syme, E. B. xii. 157. 1892. Nym. 860.

Native. Uliginal and paludal. Marshy, boggy places. Local. P.
June-Aug. /

First record, Dillenzus, 1746, and Sir Jos. Banks, 1760, near Oxford.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 357

3. Swere. Between Newington and Wroxton, Gull. Hardwick Road,
Milton, Adderbury, A. Fr.

4, Ray. Headington Wick, Rev. R. Linton. Bicester, Noke, bog under
Stow Wood.

5. Isis. North Leigh, Wychwood, Bruern, Osney, Eynsham.

6. Thame. Bullingdon Green, Shotover, Bx. Stirp. Cr. Ox. Hockley-in-
the-Hole, Dillenius. Thame, Hd. Br. Abundant on north side
of Shotover, 1885, and by railside near Wheatley.

7. Thames. Binfield Heath, Woodcote Heath.

Var. E. nudum, Newm. non Duby. Woodcote Heath.

Var. E. polystachywm, Syme. Gravelly pondside near Duke’s Lock,
above Wolvercote.

Orv. X€. FILICES, DC.

PTERIS. JL.

P. aquilina, Z. Bracken.

Top. Bot. 520. Syme, E. B. xii. 145. 1886. Nym. 861.

Native. Ericetal. Heaths, woods on sandy soil. Found in all the
districts, but missing large tracts of the oolitic portion of north Oxon and
the gault of the south. Plentiful on the high level gravels and tertiary
deposits, and also on the Portland sands. P. July, Aug.

First record, Sib. 1794.

BLECHNUM. L.

B. spicant, Roth. Hard Fern. Lomaria, Desv.

Top. Bot. 520. Syme, E. B. xii. 143. 1885. Nym. 862.

Native. Ericetal. Heaths, woods. Very rare and decreasing. P.
July.

First record, Sib. 1794. Acrostichum spicant, Sib.

5. Isis. Near Charlbury, T. Westcombe. Bruern Wood, 1885.

6. Thame. Shotover, Sid. 1794, do. in Bx. Stirp. Cr. Ox.; still there

in 1885.
Berks. Bagley, Shadwell Copse, Boar’s Hill.

SCOLOPENDRIUM. Sm.

S. vulgare, Sym. Hart’ s-tongue.

Top. Bot. 520. Syme, E. B. xii. 141. 1884. Nym. 862.

Native. Sylvestral, etc. Woods, hedge-banks, old quarries, old wells,
etc. Local. P. July, Aug.

First record, Sib. 1794. Asplenium Scolopendriwm, L.
358 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

2. Ouse, Ardley.

3. Swere. Frequent in mouths of old wells, Gull. Wroxton Cascade,
Bees. Hanwell, well at Milton, var. multifida, North Newing-
ton! Little Bourton, Barford St. John, A. Fr. Hooknorton.

4, Ray. Ditches behind Holywell Church, Sib. Stow Wood! Bays-
water! H. Bos. Tackley, railside.

5. Isis. Yarnton, J. Chaundy. Stonesfield, Wychwood, Cornbury,
Fifield.

6. Thame. Shotover, Sib., do., Bx. Stirp. Cr. Ox. ; there in 1885, and
the plantations.

ASPLENIUM. L.

A. Trichomanes, L. Maiden-hair Spleenwort.

Top. Bot. 518. Syme, E. B. xii. 131. 1878. Nym. 862.
Native. Rupestral. Old walls, bridges. Local and rare. P. May-
Sept.

First record, Wm. Coles, 1657.

3. Swere. Adderbury Church, Wm. Coles. Drayton Church, Gull.
Walls at Little Bourton, Adderbury West and East, Broughton,
1885.

4. Ray. New College Wall, Wm. Coles in Adam in Eden. Stow
Wood, Sib. Bayswater, H. Bos. Charlton, Rev. M. Rogers.
Oddington, Lower Heyford.

5. Isis. Cornbury Quarry! Stanton Harcourt, Sib. Woodstock,
Rogers. Folly Bridge, H. Bos. 1851. Godstow.

Berks. Wytham.

A. lanceolatum, Huds.

Top. Bot. [23]. Cyb. iii. 281; Oxon discarded. Syme, E. B. xii. 119.
1873. Nym. 863. Extinct. Error or alien.

First record, Bobart, 1699. Filia elegans, Adianto nigro accedens,
segmentis rotundioris a D. Bobarto inventa est in porticu Ecclesiz Adder-
buriensis, Comit. Oxon, qua septentrionem spectat., Ray, iii. 127.

See also Morison, iii. 581, Hook, B. F. Have carefully examined walls
of the church, but have not been able to find the plants, T. B., do., A. Fr.
1876. On a specimen of A. lanceolatum in Hb. Sher. is a label, ‘Has
since been found near Banbury.’

References to the Oxford record are also given in Sm. Eng. F1.,
Martyn, Newman Ferns, ‘ doubtless an error,’ etc.

‘W.G. F. P., of the Coppice, Henley, has sent two small plants of
A. lanceolatum, found on the wall of a cottage garden near Henley,’ Phyt.
n. 8 Vol. vi. 285.

Gloster W.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 359

A. Adiantum-nigrum, D. Black Spleenwort.

Top. Bot. 519. Syme, E. B. xii. 121.1874. Nym. 863.

Native. Rupestral. Quarries, walls, ete. Rare. P. June—Sept.

First record, Sib. 1794.

3. Swere. Milcomb Church, 7. Bees. Well at Tadmarton, about
Adderbury, Adderbury Mill, A. Fr. Great Tew, Rev. H. Fow.

4, Ray. , Near Stow Wood, Sid., do., Bx. St. Cr. Ox. Lower Heyford
Canal Bridge, Oddington.

5. Isis. Cornbury Quarry, Sid./ 1885. Canal Bridge near Port
Meadow, 1885.

6. Thame. Shotover north side, Bx. St. Cr. Ox., do., H. Bos. Very
fine specimen approaching A. acutwm.

7. Thames. Pyrton, H. Bos. Henley Park Hill, Sib.

A. Ruta-muraria, D. Wall Rue.

Top. Bot. 519. Syme, E. B. xii..135. 1880. Nym. 864.

Native. Rupestral. Walls. Not uncommon. P. May-Sept.

First record, Sid. 1794.

3. Swere. Hornton Church, 7. Bees. and EF. Walford.

4, Ray. Magdalen College Wall, Sib. Rousham! H. Bos. Charlton,
Rev. M. Rogers. Heyford Bridge.

5. Isis. Cornbury, Blenheim, Woodstock.

6. Thame. Stanton St. John, H. Bos. Clifton, Rev. F. Bennett.

7. Thames. Aston Rowant, Hb. Br. Caversham, F. A. Lees.
Sonning, Maple Durham, Goring, Whitchurch.

Berks. Marcham, Streatley.

ATHYRIUM. Bth.

A. Filix foeemina, Rith. Lady Fern.

Top. Bot. 517. Syme, E. B. xii. 108. 1869. Nym. 865.

Native. Sylvestral. Damp shady woods. Local. P: June, July.

First record, Sib. 1794. Polypodium Filia feemina, L.

3. Swere. Hanwell Plantation, Bees.

4, Ray. Bog near Stow Wood, H. Bos.

5. Isis. Eynsham Heath, Sid. Mill Wood, Freeland, Wychwood,
Woodstock, Bruern Wood,

6. Thame. Shotover Hill near the Spring, Sib.

7. Thames. Chinnor, Sunley Wood, Lewknor, Vernal’s Wood,
Cowleaze Wood, Great Wood, Queen’s Wood, Ipsden Wood.

Berks. Bagley, Powder Hill Copse.

Var. A. molle, Roth.
4, Ray. Headington Wick Copse.
7. Thames. Sunley Wood.
360 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Var. A. converum, Newm. A. rheticwm, Roth. A. erectum, Syme.
5. Isis. Bruern Wood.

ASPIDIUM. Sw.
A. angulare, Kit.
Syme, E. B. xii.g5. 1861. Nym. 865.
Native. Sylvestral. Dry woods. Local. P. July, Aug.
First record, H. Boswell, 1859.
8. Swere. Hooknorton.
4, Ray. Stow Wood, H. Bos./
6. Thame. Nuneham, H. Bos. 1859! Shotover.
7. Thames. Stokenchurch Woods, Chequer’s Common.
Berks. Powder Hill Copse, H. Bos. Bucks, Northants, Gloster,
Warwick.
It appears difficult to draw a line of separation between this and the two
following ferns, so many intermediates occur.

A. aculeatum, Sw. Prickly Shield Fern.

Top. Bot. 513. Syme, E. B. xii. 92. 1860. Nym. 865.

Native. Sylvestral, septal. Dry woods, hedge-banks, ete. Local. P.
P. July, Aug.

First record, Morison (Bobart), iii. p. 579, 1699. Filix mas aculeata,
‘about Oxford.’

2. Ouse. Hethe.

3. Swere. Hardwick Hill, Hanwell, Bees. Crouch Lane, A. Fr.

4. Ray. Rousham, Rev. E. Fox.

6. Thame. Shotover, H. Bos. ! 1884.

7. Thames. Penley Hangings, Stokenchurch Woods.

A. lobatum, Sw. Prickly Shield Fern.

Comp. Cyb. 409. E. B. 1563. Nym. 865. Syme, E. B. 93.

Native. Woods, hedges. Local and rare. P. July, Aug.

First record, Sib. 1794. Polypodium lobatum, Huds.

3. Swere. Hardwick Hill, Gull.

5. Isis. Wilcot Woods, Sid. Cornbury Ponds and Quarry! T. West-
combe.

6. Thame. Shotover Plantations, Sib./ 1884. Tiddington, Hb. Be.

A. Filix mas, Sw. Male Fern. Nephrodium, Rich.

Top. Bot. 515. Syme, HE. B. xii. 57. 1850. Nym. 865. Lastrea, Pres.

Native. Sylvestral, septal. Woods, hedges, etc. Common and
generally distributed. P. June, July.

First record, Sib. 1794. Polypodium Filia mas, L.

Occurs in Christ Church Meadow ; probably planted.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 361

Var. A. Borreri, Newm. Lastrea paleaca, Moore.
5. Isis. Bruern Wood.

7. Thames. Nuffield, Sunley Wood, Ibstone.
Berks. Powder Hill Copse, H. Bos.

Var. affine, Fisch.

5. Isis. Bruern Wood.

7. Thames. Binfield Heath, Rep. of Rec. Club, 1881. Wood above
Goring.

Both the above varieties occurred with typical Filix mas.

A. spinulosum, Sw. Narrow Shield Fern. Prickly Toothed Shield Fern.

Top. Bot. 23 (2). Syme, E. B. xii. 76. 1855. Nym. 866.

Native. Sylvestral. Damp woods, thickets. Local. Ratherrare. P.
June, July.

First record, Sib. 1794, Polypodium cristatum, L.; this included if it
did not refer to dilatatum, Sw.

4, Ray. Headington Wick Copse.

5. Isis. Freeland Wood, Bruern Wood, var. eraltata, L.

6. Thame. Shotover, Hb. Lawson, H. Bos., Sib. north side!

7. Thames. Penley Wood, Binfield, Sunley Wood.

Berks. Boar’s Hill, H. Boswell. Eng Wood.

A. dilatatum, Sw, Broad Shield Fern.

Top. Bot. 517. Syme, E. B. xii. 82. 1857. Nym. 866.

Native. Sylvestral. Woods, thickets. Local. P. <Aug., Sept.

First record, W. Baxter in Purton, 1821.

1. Stour. Tadmarton.

3. Swere. Bellowes Cove Adderbury, Mr. Lamb. Great Barford,
A, Fr. Hanwell, T. Bees. Epwell Heath.

4. Ray. Headington Wick, and probably var. tanacetifolia, Moore.

5. Isis. Eynsham, Bz.‘ spinulosum. Wychwood, H. Bos./ Freeland
Wood, Rep. of Rec. Club, 1881. Bruern Wood.

6. Thame. Shotover, Ba., do., 1885; fine specimen.

7. Thames. Chinnor, Binfield, Sunley Wood, Penley Wood.

Berks. Powder Hill Copse, Bagley.

A. Oreopteris, Sw. Mountain Shield Fern.

Lastrea, Pr. Top. Bot. 515. Syme, E. B. xii. 54.1849. Nym. 866.

Native. Ericetal. Dry heathy. places. Very rare or extinct. P.

July.

First record, Sib. 1794. Polypodium Oreopteris, Sib.

5. Isis. Ramsden Heath; extinct (?). TT. Westcombe.

6. Thame. North side of Shotover, Sib., extinct (?). South-east side of
Shotover, H. Bos. 1859. Baxter found it on the north side in 1819.
It was last seen near the ochre pits about 1870.
362 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

7. Thames. Singularly absent from the heaths on the Chilterns (?).
Berks. Powder Hill Copse, H. Bos. 1867, and Bagley, 1858.
Northants, extinct (?). Gloster W., Warwick.
[A. Thelypteris, Si. Wytham Woods, Morison, 1699. Windsor Park,
Sunninghill Wells, Brit. Berks, Warwick, Northants, extinct.]

CYSTOPTERIS. Bernh.

* C, fragilis, Brn. Britile Bladder Fern.

Syme, E. B, xii, ror. 1864. Nym. 867.

Native (?). Rupestral. Walls. Very rare. June.

First record, South Newington Church near Banbury, 1871, Rev. J.
Whitehead in Hb. Br. Mus. and E. B. Penfold in Jour. Bot. ix. 305.
There is a tradition of its occurring in Wychwood Forest.

Gloster E., Warwick.

POLYPODIUM. L.

P. vulgare, L. Common Polypody.

Top. Bot. 509. Syme, E. B. xii. 38.1842, Nym. 867.

Native. Septal, etc. Walls, banks, hedges, tree trunks, pollard
willows, ete. Common and generally distributed. P. Aug.—Oct.

First record, Wm. Coles, 1657.

Adderbury Church Yard, Adam in Eden.

This after Filix mas, and Pteris, is our commonest fern. It is still
found in and close to Oxford, as on pollard willows, in the Parks and
Mesopotamia.

Gulliver included a serrate variety, P. serratum, W., which is not
uncommon.

P. Robertianum, Hoff. Limestone Polypody.

P. calearewm, Sm. Phegopteris calearea, Fee. P. Dryopteris (L.), Sib.

Top. Bot. 510. Syme, E. B. xii. 48. 1846. Nym. 868.

Native. Rupestral. Damp rocky ground. Very rare, P. June.

First record, Bobart, 1699, vol. iii. 580.

5. Isis. Cornbury Quarry, Bobart; Sib. ‘ Dryopteris, 1794; H. Bos.

1858; Prof. Lawson and Dr. Cradock, 1871; still there in 1885.

Bucks near Wycombe, Brit., Gloster E.

This has been sometimes erroneously recorded as Dryopteris, L.

[P. Dryopteris, L. Oak Fern,

Syme, E. B. xii. 46. 1845.

Bollard’s Wood, near Stokenchurch, just in Bucks, Rev. A. Robertson
and E. Armstrong, M.A., 1883, still there in 1885. See Journ. Bot. 1873,
Pp. 229.

Gloster W., Warwick, planted.]

[P. Phegopteris, L. Gloster E.]
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 363

CETERACH. VW.

C. officinarum, W. Sealy Spleenwort.

Top. Bot. 508. Syme, E. B. xii. 139. 1883. Nym. 868.

Native. Rupestral. Dry walls. Local. P. April-Oct.

First record, 81b. 1794, Aspleniwm Ceterach, L.

8. Swere. Wall near Adderbury Mill, 4. Fr. Tadmarton, FE. Walford.

4. Ray. Wall behind Holywell Church, Sib. Upper Heyford, Rev.
E. Fox.

5. Isis. Hailey, H. Bos. Wychwood, T. Westcombe. Woodstock,
Blenheim.

6. Thame. Old wall at Cowley, Wheeler in Purton, 1821, do., Ba.
St. Cryp. Ox. Bullingdon Green, Sandford, Ba.

Berks. Wytham, Buckland, H. Bos. Abingdon, see Rep. of Rec. Club,
1881.

[Osmunda regalis, L. Flowering Fern.

This is given in Top. Bot. for Oxfordshire, but there must be some
error, since neither Beesley’s List nor Sibthorp’s Flora (these works
forming the source from which Mr. Watson derived his Oxon records)
contain it, nor is there any other record.

Berks. Coleman’s Moor, Earby Heath, Bagshot Heath, Highclere,

Brit. Bucks, Northants, extinct. Warwick.]

BOTRYCHIUM. Sw.

B. Lunaria, Sw. Moonwort.

Top. Bot. 523. Syme, E. B. xii. 24. 1837. Nym. 870.

Native. Pascual. Dry grassy pastures and heaths. Very rare. P.
May-July.

First record, Lunaria minor ramosa, three miles from Oxford, near the
Blind Pinnock; Lunaria minor, in several places near Oxford, Merrett,
1666. Lunaria racemosa minor et vulgaris, C. B. P. ad montem Shotover,
Morison, 1699.

5. Isis. In several parts of Wychwood Forest, Blackstone, see also
Martyn, Gouyh, B. G., ete. Near Widley Wood, F. T. Richards
and Bolton King, 1883! North Leigh Heath, Sib. Wychwood,
1884. ;

6. Thame. South side of Shotover, Sid., do. Bx. in Purton about 1815,
still there in 1874. Nuneham, W. R. Linton, 1873.

7. Thames. Nettlebed Common, 7. Hopkins, M.A. Tbstone Common.

Berks. Near Radley. Bucks(?). Northants, Gloster E., Warwick.
Merrett also says several places in Oxfordshire, his minor ramosa
was probably the var. B. incisum, Milde, Native Ferns, vol. ii.
Tab. 766,
364 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

OPHIOGLOSSUM. LI.

O. vulgatum, D. Adder’s Tongue.

Top. Bot. 524. Syme, E. B. xii. 19. 1835. Nym. 870.

Native. Pascual. Meadows, grassy places in woods. Locally common.
May-July.

First record, Wm. Coles, 1657.

8. Swere. King’s Mill, Gull. Wroxton, Bees. Wickham, Hanwell,
Bloxham Road, A. Fr. Souldern, Mrs. Gough.

4. Ray. Inaclose or meadow near to a small village called Barton,
between Oxford and Stow Wood, Coles. Headington, S4b. Near
Kidlington and Islip, H. Bos. Phyt. v. 157. Blackthorn, H. Bos.
Headington Copse, Bx. Noke Meadows.

5. Isis. South Leigh, Sib. In a close near Botley, Coles, 1657, do.,
Sib. 1794. Near Bampton, H. Bos. Summertown, H. Peake.
Meadow above Wolvercote, Rev. F. Bennett. Wychwood.

6. Thame. Cowley, Sib., do. Daubeny, 1842.

7. Thames. Chinnor Common, Dr. Ayres. North Stoke, Watlington
Wood, 1885.

Berks. Hinksey Meadow, Radley.

Orv. XCI. LYCOPODIACEA, DC.

LYCOPODIUM. L.

L. clavatum, L. Club Moss.

Top. Bot. 525. Syme, E. B. xii. 16.1833. Nym. 872.

Native. Ericetal. Heathy places. Very rare. P. July, Aug.

First record, Dillenius, 1761.

6. Thame. In monte Shotover, 1761, Dillen. Hist. Muscorum. North
side of Shotover, Sib. 1794, do., Bx. in Purton, 1819, do. H. Boswell,
1866, now extinct (7).

7. Thames. Nettlebed, in wood near Windmill, Sib. Woods above
Shierburn, Rev. LE. Fox.

Berks. Bucks, Warwick, Gloster E., Northants, Harleston.

L. Selago, L. Fir Club Moss.

Top. Bot. 527. Syme, E. B. xii. 13. 1830. Nym. 872.

Native. Ericetal. Extinct. Heathy places. P. April.

First record, Sb. 1794, showed to him by James Benwell.

6. Thame. On the north side of Shotover Hill, Sib. Exactly in place
pointed out by Dr. Sibthorp in 1819, Ba. in Purton, Baxter noticed
it till 1822. Bucks doubtful, Warwick extinct.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 365

[L. inundatum, LD.

Berks. Virginia Water, Bagshot Heath, Greenham Common, Brit.
Bucks, Warwick.]

(L. complanatum, Z. Gloster E., near Stroud.]

Orv. XCII. CHARACEA, Rich.

CHARA. L.
C. fragilis, Desv.
Syme, E. B. xii. 213. 1920. Groves’, pl. i., ‘Oxon.’
Native. Lacustral. Ditches and rivers. Local. June, J uly.
First record, Linton, sub nom. futida, first localised record, the Author,
1883.

Var. Hedwigii, Ag. in Bruzel.

4. Ray. Canal near Kidlington, type.

5. Isis. Port Meadow, Binsey, Osney, type.

6. Thame. Near South Hinksey, Oxon, Hedwigii.

7. Thames. Thames at Moulsford, Hedwigii.

Berks. South Hinksey, Hedwigit. Bucks, Warwick, Northants.

C. hispida, L.
Syme, E. B. xii. 206. 1916. Groves’, pl. vii., ‘Oxon.’ Nym. 874.
Native. Lacustral. Ponds, pools, marshes. Rare. June-Sept.
First record, Equiset. sew Hippuris coralloides Ray's Hist. 1686. This
may be fetida or Hedwigii.
4. Ray. Peat Bogs under Headington Wick Copse, Sib. ‘ C. tomentosa.’
Lower Heyford to Kirtlington.
5. Isis. Eynsham Ferry, Ray (?). Near Bessilsleigh, Dill. Ray (2) as to
identity, and whether Oxford or Berks. Ponds on Botley Road,
Bz. in Purton. Bogs at Cornbury, Wychwood, Gough, ed. ii.
Ditchley Park, 1884.
6. Thame. Old Gravel Pits, St. Clement’s, Bz.
Messrs. Groves inform me there is a specimen in Sir J. E. Smith’s Herb.
collected by Dr. G. Williams in Oxon in 1799.
Northants, Gloster E.

C. vulgaris, L.

Syme, E. B. xii. 203. 1914. Groves’, pl. viii. Nym. 875.

Native. Lacustral. Ponds, ditches, marshes. Common. P. June—
Aug.

First record, Wm. Coles, 1657. Bog about half a mile from Stocken
House in Stow Wood, by Oxford, by the road that goeth to Islip, with
Mr. Wm. Brown, Adam in Eden.

Generally distributed.
366 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Var. papillata, Wall.
5. Isis. Port Meadow.

Berks. Abingdon, etc. Bucks.

Var. longibracteata, Kiitz.

4, Ray. Noke, Marston, Merton.
5. Isis. Port Meadow.

Berks. Abingdon.

Var. refracta, Kiitz.

5. Isis. A form approaching above variety, fide Groves near Wolver-
cote.

C. contraria, A. Br.

Syme, E. B. xii. 204. 1915. Nym. 875.

Native. Lacustral. Slow streams. Rare. July, Aug.

First record, the Author, 1883.

5. Isis. Port Meadow.

Northants, near Peterborough.

NITELLA. Ag.

N. opaca, Agar.

Syme, E. B. xii. 178. 1900. Groves’, pl. xix. Nym. 877.

Native. Lacustral. Ponds and shallow streams. Very rare. May,
June.

First record, the Author, 1884.

5. Isis. Near Bampton, near Clanfield.

7. Thames. Pond near Penley Hangings.

Mem. French’s record, ‘brook near Grimsbury Wharf, on faith of
which it is given as an Oxford plant in Groves’ list, would appear to be
a Northamptonshire locality.

Bucks, Northants.

N. flexilis, Ag.

Syme, E. B. xii. 174. 1899. Groves’, pl. xviii. Nym. 877.

Native. Lacustral. Ditches. Very rare. June.

First record, UM. 7. Masters, 1855.

6. Thames. Ditch beyond railway bridge near South Hinksey, 1855,
M. T. Masters MSS.

Warwick.

[Tolypella intricata, Leon. Yardley Gobion, Northants.]
SUMMARY.

The Native plants of Oxfordshire number 818 species :—

Denizens ‘ : ie - 49 »
Colonists ‘ . . 43»

Total . gIo ,
Extinct . sy e a OE ogy
Ambiguities and Errors « 1
Casuals and Aliens P » 169 3

About 310 Varieties have also been noticed.

The extinct species are Ranunculus Sardous, Genista anglica, Drosera,
Hypericum Elodes, Trigonella, Myriophyllum alterniflorum, Tordylium,
Asarum, Leucojum vernum, Eriophorum vaginatum, Phlewm paniculatum,
Bromus madritensis, Asplenium lanceolatum, Lycopodium Selago, Equise-
tum syloaticum, Arabis Turrita, Leonurus. Of the above 7 were natives,
the others being doubtfully named or introductions.

The ambiguities are Cardamine impatiens, Viola lutea, Campanula
latifolia, C. patula, Salix ambigua, S. acuminata, Potamogeton gramineus
(heterophyllus), P. obtusifolius, Aceras anthropophora, Allium oleraceum,
Carex Oederi, OC. stricta, C. teretiuscula, Scrophularia vernalis, Senecio
viscosus, Hieracitwm murorum, Chenopodium fictfolium.

Plants which have become very rare with us and which I have not
personally seen in the county are Anemone Pulsatilla, Adonis, Sisymbrium
Sophia, Viola palustris, Moenchia, Tilia platyphyllos, Astragalus danicus,
Potentilla argentea, Rosa sepium, Cotyledon, Cicuta, Gnaphalium dioieum,
Pulicaria vulgaris, Crepis fetida, Jasione, Vaccinium Myrtillus, Gentiana
campestris, Limosella, Teucrium Scordium, Plantago Coronopus, Chenopo-
dium ficifolium, C. urbicum, Euphorbia platyphyllos, Salix repens, Potamo-
geton rufescens, Alisma ranunculoides, Herminium, Juncus squarrosus,
Carex strigosa, Oreopteris, Lycopodium clavatum.

In vol. iv. of The Cybele the number of species for the whole of Great
Britain is reckoned as 1425. Adopting for the purpose of comparison the
same specific limits, we have in Oxford 854 species of the following ‘types
of distribution” Vide Comp. Cyb. vol. iv. pp. 399-519, and Comp. Cyb.
23-32.

oe Great Britain. Oxford.

British 532 409
English 409 308
Intermediate 37 8
Scottish 81 7
Highland 120

Germanic 127 51
Local or doubtful 49 9

—_— <i

1355 852
368 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

In Topographical Botany, ed. i. vol. ii. pp. 665-710, is a comital census
of British plants showing in a tabular form the comparative distribution
of the British species. Adopting this as a standard we find that—

Of the 239 species found in go to 110 counties and vice-counties of
Britain, Oxford has 238, the missing species being Drosera, which has been
extirpated during the present century.

Of the 129 species found in 80 to 90 counties we have 126, Comarum,
Narthecium, and Scirpus cespitosus being absent.

Of the 124 species found in 7o to 80 counties we have 117, the missing
ones being Equisetum sylvaticum, Genista anglica, Eriophorum vaginatum,
Osmunda, Plantago maritima.

Of 113 species found in 60 to 70 counties we have 96, the inland species
missing being Empetrum, Ranunculus Sardous, Carex curta, Dryopteris,
Chrys. alternifolium.

Of 107 species found in 50 to 60 counties we have 79, the inland
desiderata being Vacc. Oxycoccus, V. Vitis Idea Orobanche major, Utric.
minor, Viola lutea, Elodes, Thalic. minus, Trollius, Geran. sanguineum,
Campan. latifolia, Potam. heteroph. Sagina subulata, Prunus Padus,
Listera cordata, Pilularia, Rubus sawatilis, Myrioph. altern, Crepis palu-
dosa, Lycopod. inundatum.

Of the 104 species found in 40 to 50 counties we have 73, Mentha
rotund., Dros. anglica, D. intermedia, Carex levig., Lycop. alp. Selaginella
Dianthus deltoidea, Card. heterophyl., Carex distans, Allosurus, Hymenoph.
Wilsoni, C. teretiuscula, Geran. sylvaticum, Wahlenbergia, Habenaria albida,
Ran. Lenormandi, Sax. hypnoides, Thelypteris being absent.

Of the 84 species found in 30 to 40 counties we have 43, the special
absentees being Allium oleraceum, Potamogeton obtusifol, Equiset. hyemale,
Diplotaxis tenuifol., Myosotis sylvatica, Calam. lanceolata, Carex stricta,
Linum angustifolium, Hypocheris glabra, Pyrola media.

Of the 109 species found in 20 to 30 counties we have 59, Gent. Pneu-
nomanthe, Spargan. minimum, Impatiens Noli., Trigonella, Salix acuminat.,
Camp. patula, Lastrea emula, Scirpus uniglumis, Cardamine impatiens, Po-
tam. plantag., Gastridium,Vicia Orobus, Arnoseris, being notable exceptions.

Of the 11 plants recorded for 19 counties we have Fumaria Borei,
Cineraria campestris, and Polypod. calcareum.

Of the 10 plants recorded for 18 counties we have Polyg. vulgaris,
Tilia parvifol., Orchis incarnata.

Of the 16 plants found in 17 counties we have Fumaria confusa, Epilo-
bium tetragonum, Gal. erectum, G. elongatum.

Of the 17 plants found in 16 counties we have Pulsatilla, Fumaria
muralis, Cynoglos. sylvaticwm, Chen. ficifol. (2).

Of the 10 species found in 15 counties we have Fumaria parviflora,
Viola tricolor, Filago apiculata, F. spathulata.

Of the 20 species found in 14 counties we have Orchis latifolia, Poly-
gala ovyptera, Vicia gracilis, Polyg. maculatum, P. mite.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 369

Of the 23 species found in 13 counties we have Iberis, Crepis fetida (2),
Tarax. erythrosp. Ophrys arantfera, Potam. zosterifol.

Of the 22 species found in 12 counties we have Helleborus fetidus,
Draba brachycarpa.

Of the 22 species found in 11 counties we have Polygala calcarea, Ulex
nanus. :

Of the 13 species found in 10 counties we have Erod. moschatum (?),
Teucrium Scordium, Crepis taraxacifolia.

Of the 18 species found in 9 counties, none.

Of the 24 species found in 8 counties we have Fumaria Vaillantii, Viola
lactea, Gentiana germanica, Potamogeton compressus.

Of the 32 species found in 7 counties we have Calamintha Nepeta.

Of the 27 species found in 6 counties, none.

Of the 29 species found in 5 counties we have Leucojum, Daphne Meze-
reum, Adonis.

Of the 31 species found in 4 counties we have Orchis militaris.

Of the 37 species found in 3 counties we have Stachys germanica,
Lythrum Hyssopifolia.

Of the 50 species found in 2 counties we have Thlaspi perfoliatum
Tilia grandifol. (?), Salvia pratensis, Ballota nigra (ruderalis), Orchis
Simia, Rosa sepium (?).

The census numbers given in Top. Bot. are however now much too small,
many additional county records having been made since Mr. Watson com-
piled the census quoted from.

Comparing Oxford with the border counties we find that Bucks has 35
species not recorded for Oxon. Of these 12 are doubtful, Sagina subulata,
Comarum, Chrysos. altern., Melampyrum cristatum, Myrica, Aceras, Lycop.
Selago, Stellaria nemorum, Utric. intermedia, Hierac. murorum and Orchis
purpurea. The species found in Bucks alone of the border counties are
Dentaria, Carum Bulbocastanum, Impatiens fulva, Dryopteris.

The Flora of Bucks is very imperfectly known, Oxford having 133 species
not recorded for the former county.

Berks has 48 species not on record for, or extinct in Oxford, 12 needing
confirmation—Linum angustifolium, Rubia peregrina, Filago gallica,
Gentiana Pneumonanthe, Aceras, Dianthus prolifer, D. deltoides, Trigonella,
Lathyrus palustris, Pot. obtusifolius, P. heterophyllus, Apera Spica-V enti.
The species found in Berks alone of the border counties are Silene conica,
Verb. Lychnitis, Ornithog. pyrenaicum, Scirpus uniglumis(?), Agrostis setacea.

Oxford has 59 species not on record for Berks.

Gloster East has 27 species unrecorded or extinct in Oxford, Linum
angustifol., Prunus Padus, Pot. obtusifolius, Erioph. vaginatum, Melica
nutans, Scilla autumnalis needing confirmation. Of the remainder Vicia
Orobus, Rubus saxatilis, @nanthe pimpinelloides, Mentha pubescens, Cepha-
lanthera rubra, Polygonatum officinale, Carex digitata, Phegopteris, Lyco-

podium complanatum are found in Gloster alone of the border counties.

Bb
370 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Its Flora is only imperfectly known, Oxford having 150 species not
recorded for that division.

Warwickshire has 85 species not recorded for Oxon. There are very
great doubts as to the correct identity of Draba inflata and Lamium
intermedium. Impatiens, Prunus Padus, Cireea alpina, Dryopteris were
probably planted. Hypocheris glabra, Elatine, Carex Beninghaus. C.
stricta, Equisetum hyemale are extinct, and Silene nutans, Medicago den-
ticulata, Apera Spica Venti are casuals, leaving 72 species, of which 12 are
Rubi, unrecorded for Oxon. The plants found in Warwick alone of the
border counties are Barbarea arcuata, Cardamine impatiens, Stellariu
umbrosa, Schleranthus perennis, Geranium sylvaticum, Arctium nemorosum,
Crepis paludosa, Campanala patula. Vace. Oxycoccus, V. Vitis Idi, Scroph.
Erharti, Empetrum, Salix acuminata, 8. laurina, Sparganum minimum,
Crocus nudiflorus, Juncus Gerardi, Scirpus glaucus, Carex Erhartiana, C.
elongata, CO. distans, and Gastridium.

Oxford has 88 species not recorded for Warwick.

Northamptonshire hay on record 41 species not recorded for or extinct
in Oxon. Of these 12, Drosera, Linum perenne, Genista anglica, Comarum,
Hypocheris glabra, Ajuga Chamepitys, Stratiotes, Osmunda, Thelypteris,
Pilularia, Cladiwm, are extinct. Silene nutans, Sagina subulata, Scleran-
thus perennis, Potamogeton heterophyllus are either extinct or were
erroneously recorded. Centaurea Calcitrapa, Eryngium campestre, and
Myriophyllum alterniflorwm require recent confirmation. Of the 22 species
known to occur Hypocheris maculata, Melampyrum cristatum, Urtica
pilulifera, Aceras, Melica nutans, Sclerochloa distans, Tolypella intricata
are not on certain record for any other of the border counties.

Oxford has about 110 species not recorded for Northants.

REMARKABLE ABSENCES FROM OXON.

Ranunculus hirsutus. Scrophularia Erharti.
5 Lenormandi. Orobanche major.
Cardamine impatiens. Mentha rotundifolia.
Dentaria bulbifera. Myosotis repens.
Barbarea arcuata. M. sylvatica.
Diplotaxis tenuifolia. Potam. heterophyllus.
Drosera rotundifolia. P. obtusifolius.
Cerastium pumilum. Actinocarpus.
Stellaria umbrosa. Allium oleraceum.
Hypericum Elodes. Narthecium.
Rhamnus Frangula. Scirpus czespitosus.
Genista anglica. 8. uniglumis.
Comarum. Carex terétiuscula.
Myriophyll. alterniflor. C, stricta.
Arctium nemorosum. C. levigata.
Hypocheris glabra. Calam. lanceolata.
Crepis biennis. Agrostis Spica Venti.
Campanula latifolia. Polypod. Dryopteris.
Wahlenbergia. Equiset. sylvaticum.

 

Some of these will probably be discovered.
OXFORDSHIRE BOTANOLOGIA.

THE first notice of an Oxfordshire plant appears in The Names of Herbes
in Greke, Latin, Englishe, Duche, and Frenche by William Turner pub-
lished in 1548, where it is stated that ‘Clinopodium groweth plentifully
about Bon by the Rehne and I heare say it groweth also about Oxford.’

Turner was born at Morpeth, Northumberland, about the end of the
fifteenth century. From Cooper's Athene Cantabrigienses, vol. i., we
learn that he was junior treasurer of Pembroke College in 1532, M.A.
1533, and senior treasurer 1538, Lord Wentworth paying the expense of
his education. In the preface to his Herball he says he was fellow of
Pembroke College from 1530 to 1538. ‘Being yet a student of
Pembroke Hall, whereas I could learn never one Greke, neither Latin
nor English name even amongst the physicians, of any herb or tree;
such was the ignorance at that time; and as yet there was no English
Herbal but one full of unlearned Cacographies and falsely naming of
herbes.’ His first botanical work was a small tract of 20 pages,
which contains the earliest printed records of any English plants. It
was printed in 1538, and called Lidellus de Re Herbaria novus. In
1540 having embraced Protestantism, and published and preached in
support of it, he was obliged to leave Cambridge, was imprisoned and
eventually exiled to Germany, where he again studied Botany. On the
accession of Edward the Sixth, he returned to England, was made Prebend
of York and Canon of Windsor. Having been appointed Physician to the
Lord Protector Somerset, the University of Oxford gave him the D.M.
degree. In 1548 appeared the Names of Herbes already alluded to. In
1550 he was made Dean of Wells. He was also a Member of the House
of Commons. In 1551 he published the first part of A new Herball,
dedicated to the Lord Protector. On the accession of Mary, Turner was
deprived of his offices and again went into exile till 1558. LHlizabeth
restored his preferments to him.

The second part of his Herball in 1562 and the third part in 1566 were
printed at Cologne.

These three parts were republished in one in 1568, and dedicated to
Queen Elizabeth. In this Herball he mentions Anemone Pulsatilla and
Teucrium Scordium as Oxfordshire plants. And also states Datura grows
about Reading. The figures in the Herball are said to be the same as

Bbh2
372% FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

those in the octavo edition of Fuehius. Of the 512 plates in that book
Turner has used upwards of 400, adding about 90 new ones. In some
instances the figures have been misapplied and in a few cases no de-
scription of the plate is given. Master Falconer is several times mentioned
in the Herball. ‘I can scarcely doubt,’ says Petiver, ‘that he was John
Falconer who is recorded as having communicated many English plants to
Amatus Lusitanus who taught Physic at Ferrara and Ancona. In treating
of Glaux, of which Turner gives a new figure, he says he never saw it in
England except in Master Falconer’s book, and that he brought it from
Ttaly. This book was probably a Hortus Siccus*. Falconer sent Turner
the record of Anemone Pulsatilla from Oxfordshire, Turner died in 1568
and was buried in St. Olave’s, Hart Street. From Fasti Oxonienses we
learn that he married the daughter of a Cambridge alderman, by whom
he had a son Peter, who was educated at Cambridge and incorporated at
Oxford in 1599, where his son also named Peter was Professor of Geometry
in 1649.

The next Oxford records are given in the Herball or general historie of
plants gathered by John Gerarde of London, printed in 1597. Gerarde
was born at Nantwich in 1545, he lived in Holborn within the suburbs of
London, where he had a large Botanic Garden. His additions to the
Oxfordshire Flora are Scrophularia nodosa from Stow Wood, Leonurus
eardiaca, now extinct, and Sagitta sagittifolia, which he reports as growing
‘in ditches neere the walls of Oxford.’ Gerarde died in 1607.

In 1633 Gerarde’s Herball was re-edited and almost rewritten by Thomas
Johnson, who was born at Selby in Yorkshire, about the beginning of the
seventeenth century. In 1629, when an apothecary in London, he
published his first work Iter Plantarum Investigationts ergo susceptum a
decem sociisin Agrum Cantianum, which is the first printed description of
a botanical excursion in England?. In 1633, as above stated, he published
The Herball, in which, according to Pulteney, 800 new plants are added
and 7oo figures. Ray well designated the work as Gerarde Emaculatus.
In 1643 the degree of D.M. was conferred on Johnson at Oxford. In the
Parliamentary wars he became Lieutenant-Colonel to Sir Marmaduke
Rawdon, and at the siege of Basing House received a shot in the shoulder,
from which he shortly after died in 1644. ‘He was no less eminent in
the garrison for his valour and conduct as a soldier, than famous through
the kingdom for his excellency as an herbalist and physician *’

Habenaria viridis is said in Johnson's Mercurius to occur on the Bark-
way near Oxford, and two plants are included in his Gerarde which are
additions to our Flora, Stachys germanica from near Witney, where it still
occurs, and Lythrum Hyssopifolia from Dorchester, now lost. Neither of
these were personally found by Johnson.

1 Pulteney’s Sketches.
2 Trimen and Dyer’s Flora of Middlesex.
8 Description of the Siege of Basing Castle, Oxford, 1644.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 373

The next botanical writer to be noticed is John Parkinson, born in
1567. He was apothecary to James the First, and lived in London, where
he had an interesting garden in Long Acre. In 1629 he published the
Paradisus terrestris, which Pulteney says ‘is at this time » valuable
curiosity, as exhibiting the most complete view of the extent of an English
garden at the beginning of the seventeenth century.’ This is one of the
earliest horticultural manuals, In 1640 appeared the Theatrum Botani-
cum, which, although of later date than Johnson’s Gerurde, was probably
written before it. It is a much more original work, involving great labour,
and comprehends ‘ descriptions of all and figures of most of the plants that
were known in his time,’ Rickardson’s Correspondence, p. 350. He gives
several records of Northamptonshire plants. These were probably of his
own discovering, as also were his additions to the Oxford Flora, viz.
--Pinguicula vulgaris from Herrington [Headington], Anagallis cerulea
from Botley, Parnassia from Headington and Botley, and Asarum from
Eynsham Common. Parkinson was 73 years old when the Theatrum was
published. He died about 1650.

In 1632 the Oxford Botanic Garden was founded by Henry, Earl of
Danby, who gave for this purpose five acres of land, the site of the old
burying ground of the Jews, and built greenhouses and stoves, and a
house. He also endowed the establishment and placed it under the care
of Jacob Bobart. In 1648 Bobart drew up a list of the plants cultivated
under the title of Catalogus plantarum Horti Medici Oxoniensis, Latino-
Anglicus et Anglico-Latinus alphabetico ordine. It enumerates 1600
species, 600 of which were British. In 1658 the catalogue was republished,
Bobart’s son Jacob, Dr. Stephens, and Mr. Wm. Browne assisting. In this
enlarged edition the authors have, in every instance where it was possible,
not only adopted the specific appellation given by Gerarde and Parkinson
to each plant, but also quoted the page of their works. This is done for
the first time in England. Not one indigenous plant is mentioned for the
first time in the list.

Jacob Bobart was a native of Brunswick. There is a scarce print of
him by Burghers in the Hope Collection, which represents him standing
near the Danby Gate of the Botanical Gardens. He is holding a plant in
his hand. Underneath is written :—

«Thou Germane Prince of Plants each yeare to thee
Thousands of subjects grant a subsidie.’

His beard, which on rejoicing days he used to wear tagged with silver, is
depicted in the print as reaching to his waist. Edmund Gayton wrote a
poem on him in 1662.

Bobart was buried at St. Peter’s-in-the-East, Oxford, where a monu-
ment was placed on the wall on the outside near the south-west corner
with the following inscription :—
374 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

To the Pious Memory of
Jacob Bobart,
A native German,

A man of Great Integrity,
Chosen by the Founder to be keeper of the
Physic Garden.

Hie died Feb" the 4", 1679, in the 81%
Year of his Age.

As also of Mary his first wife, who died
April the 14", 1655. And Anne his
second wife, who died Novemb. 21, 1696.
Together with four of their Children,
Ann, Cordelia, Joseph, avd Margaret.
And also Elizabeth,

Daughter of their son
Tilleman Bobart.'

In Rees’ Cyclopedia the name of the elder Bobart is by error given as
Robert. The son Tilleman was employed in the Gardens; he found the
Mint on Shotover which is figured in Sole’s Menthe and alluded to in
the Flora, p. 239.

The Dr. Philip Stephens who assisted Bobart in drawing up the cata-
logue was born at Devizes. He entered St. Alban’s Hall, was chosen
fellow of New College, and eventually became Principal of Magdalen
all. He died in London after the Restoration.

Mr. Browne, joint author of the catalogue, was a native of Oxford,
became B.D. and Senior Fellow of Magdalen College. He died in 1678
and was buried in the outer chapel. He was the finder of the Colchicum
recorded in Merrett; see p. 309 of the Flora.

In 1650 the first attempt at an English Flora was made by William
How, who published anonymously the Phytologia Britannica. This, in
contradistinction to all previous works, dealt entirely with British plants.
Verbasceum, probably Blattaria, a Serophularia, either lutea or » form of
nodosa, a variety of Lychnis Flos cuculi, white-flowered Bartsia and
Echium; Sium latifolium, Allium vineale, and a form of Crataegus were
given as Oxford plants.

The next writer to claim attention was a native of the county. William
Cole or Coles, ‘ the most famous botanist of his time,’ was born at Adders
bury in Oxfordshire in 1626 ; and, after the usual elementary learning, he
went to Merton College, where he completed his education. He settled at
Putney, and published a work entitled The Art of Simpling, or an intro-
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 375

duction to the knowledge of gathering plants. Upon the restoration of
Charles the Second he was appointed Secretary to Dr. Brian Duppa,
Bishop of Winchester, but died in the year 1662, at the early age of 361.
His principal work was ddam in Eden, or Nature's Paradise, published
in 1657, which was an account in English of the uses and descriptions of
plants, drawn up in clear and simple language. Many testimonials are
prefixed to it. The writer of one says :—

*In yew there’s poison, though there’s none in you,’
and finishes his lay with—

‘Tle say no more, your hooks themselves will prove,
And any garden yield you verdant bays,

And they that find the good, with all their souls
Will wish Newcastle may send al] such Coles.’

The Botanical Garden is often alluded to by Wm. Coles, who acknow-
ledges the assistance he has had from Mr. Steevens, Principal of Hart
Hall, and Mr. Browne (joint author with Bobart of the garden catalogue),
and other eminent botanists of the University. The districts visited by
Coles are principally round Oxford and Adderbury, and altogether he gives
localities for 31 species not previously recorded :—Drosera (now extinct),
Melilotus altissima, Astragalus glycyphyllus, Alchemilla vulgaris, Poten-
tilla Tormentilla, Cotyledon (from Merton College, where it is no longer
found), Sanicula, Bupleurum, Sambucus Ebulus, Galium cverum, Inula
Helenium, Campanula glomerata, C. Trachelium, Digitalis, Clinopodium.
vulgare, Myosotis palustris, M. arvensis, Lysimachia Nummularia, L. ne-
morum, Anagallts arvensis, Fagus, Juniperus, Habenaria bifolia, Ophrys
apifera, Trichomanes, Polypodium vulgare, Ophioglossum, Chara vulgaris,
Erythrea Centaurium.

In 1656, Dr. Christopher Merrett published the Pinaz Rerum Natu-
ralium Britannicarum, based on How’s Phytologia, but to which 200
plants are added. Merrett was born in 1614 and took his D.M. at Oxford
in 1642. He was one of the earliest members of the Royal Society and
formed a herbarium which is now preserved in the Sloane collection. In
the ‘Pinax,’ Lonicera, Silene puberula, Enanthe fistulosa, Trifolium pratense,
Caucalis daucoides, Ceratophyllum, Centaurea Cyanus, Erigeron acre,
Hottonia, Potamogeton sp., Orchis militaris, Neottia, Epipactis palustris,
Colchicum, Carex pulicaris, C. echinata(?), Lolium, Ophrys aranifera,
Symphytum, and Botrychium are new to the Oxford list; but there is
considerable difficulty in correctly identifying his record with modern
names.

Dr. Robert Plot is the next writer in chronological order to refer to.
He was born in 1641, at Sutton-Barn, Borden, Kent; and educated at
Magdalen Hall, Oxford, took his M.A. in 1664, and in 1671 his LL.D.

1 Rees’ Cyclopedia.
37 6 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

He then removed to University College. In 1677 he published his
Natural History of Oxfordshire and in 1686 The Natural History of
Staffordshire. Ray in his Synopsis gives him great approbation. Plot
was the first Keeper of the Ashmolean Museum, in 1683. He was also
Secretary to the Royal Society, and was appointed by the Vice-Chancellor
Professor of Chemistry. He edited the transactions of the Royal Society
from pages 143 to 166 inclusive, and held his Oxford appointments for
seven years, leaving a large collection of curiosities to the Ashmolean
Museum, which had been described in his county histories.

In 1687 he was made Secretary to the Court of Honour, and in 1688 re-
ceived the title of Historiographer to James the Second. In 1694 he was
nominated Mowbray Herald Extraordinary. He also published a register
and history of the weather at Oxford in 1684. He left a quantity of
MSS., including a large collection for the natural history of Kent. He
died, at his house in Kent, in 1696, and was buried in Borden church,
which contains a marble monument to his memory. There is a portrait
of him in the Oxford Almanack for 17471.

Plot’s Natural History of Oxfordshire is divided into ten Chapters.
Chapter 1, ‘The Heavens and Air,’ which includes accounts of Floods and
Storms; ‘the Echoes,’ one of which in Woodstock Park returned 17 syl-
lables in the daytime, and 20 syllables at night. Chapter 2 is devoted to
an account of ‘The Waters, describing the various rivers by which the
county is drained. Plot dwells with great emphasis on the ‘ salubrious’
situation of Oxford, and gives instances of extreme longevity. ‘The
Mineral Springs’ are described and some curious hypotheses raised in
accounting for their various peculiarities. Chapter 3 treats of the various
kinds of ‘Earth and Soils;’ and Chapter 4 of ‘Stones.’ Chapter 5, on
‘Formed Stones,’ is an account of the fossils, many of which are figured,
Some extremely shrewd suggestions are made by Plot in this chapter,
which is very interesting as read by the light of the Geology of the present
day. Chapter 6 on ‘Plants.’ Chapter 7 describes ‘The Brutes,’ which
includes Birds, Beasts, and Fishes. Chapter 8 is on ‘Men and Women;’
Chapter g on the ‘Arts;’ and Chapter 10 on the ‘ Antiquities of the
County.’ It is the chapter on Plants which requires notice here.

Plot first begins by describing some new species, which he figures.
These are Viola hirta and palustris, Geranium dissectum, Potentilla pro-
cumbens, Sagina apetala, Monotropa, and Scirpus acicularis. Chenopo-
dium rubrum is described but not figured. The plates and descriptions
are very good. Then follow Vinca major, Trifolium arvense, and Ginanthe
Jistulosa. He confirms Ray’s record for Cephalanthera grandiflora, and
identifies it with Gerarde’s Helleborine flore albo. Plot also differentiates
two species of Epipactis—i.e. latifolia and violacea, which Ray had

! See also the Biography of Dr. Plot in the Second Edition of the Natural History

by Dr. Llwyd. There is an oil painting of Dr. Plot in the Bodley Gallery and a very
valuable engraving of him in the Hope Collection.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 377

doubted if specifically distinct. Probably Ray was referring to EF. ovalis.
Plot says that H. flore atro rubente (E. violacea) has small narrow leaves
somewhat like palustris but growing thicker on the stalk, whereas those
of latifolia montana are broad and much thinner, the one also flowering
a full month before the other; and he further notices that our ‘latifolia’
has purple flowers as deep or deeper in colour than those of the Helle-
borine flore atro rubente.

The accidents or monstrosities of plants are next described, and then
variegated specimens noted. An account is given of the white-berried
Hawthorn at Bampton and the Glastonbury thorn at Rycote. The variety
stricta of Ulmus suberosa is described, and then the various large and ex-
traordinary trees are enumerated, Altogether Plot adds to our list 41
plants, of which 12 or 13 were described for the first time as British plants.

Robert Morison was born in 1630 at Aberdeen, and there received
his education, which it was intended should fit him for the Church; but
finding theology less to his taste than Physic he qualified himself for the
latter profession. He was dangerously wounded in the shoulder at the
battle of Brigg near Aberdeen, in which he fought for the Royal cause,
and afterwards took refuge in Paris, where he applied himself to the study
of anatomy, botany, and zoology. In 1648 he took the degree of M.D. at
Angers. He was then appointed superintendent of the Duke of Orleans’
garden at Blois, which he held till the death of the Duke in 1660. While
holding this appointment he published a new edition of the Hortus Blois-
ensis. Being known to Charles the Second, he was invited by that monarch
to England, and made King’s Physician, Professor of Botany, and super-
intendent of the Royal Garden. In 1669 he made the acquaintance of
the Dean of Christ Church, and other leading men of the University,
and was by their interest made Professor of Botany. In 1670 he
began lectures, but they were not given with regularity, his literary work
interfering with his duties. As a specimen of the great work which he
meditated under the name of Historia Plantarum Universalis Oxoniensis,
Morison published in 1672 Plantarum Umbelliferarum Distributio nova,
Oxon. fol. 1672. The Umbellifere are here divided into 9 orders, the
genera of which are distinguished by the seed. Of these 150 are illus-
trated. Nota single Oxford locality is quoted. This specimen work met
with much approval, and Morison next brought out the Historia Univer-
salis already alluded to. The first part was never printed; it exists in
MSS. at Oxford}. Morison divided all herbaceous plants into 15 classes.

The first five classes were published by Morison in 1680. The four
succeeding classes were finished, and these with the remaining classes were
completed and published, after an interval of 19 years, by Jacob Bobart,
son, of the first keeper of the Gardens, and joint author with his father of
the Garden Catalogue already mentioned. Morison had the advantage of
powerful patronage, being liberally encouraged by the University, and

1 Trimen and Dyer’s Flora of Middlesex.
378 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

was thus enabled to embellish his work with 3384 plates of plants, the
figures being chiefly copied from other authors. The new plates are
principally made by Bobart in the latter part of the work. The Mosses,
Fuci, Corallines and Corals are, with the exception of a few woodcuts in
Gerarde, the first of the kind engraved in England. Morison was killeds in
1683, by a hurt from the pole of a coach as he was crossing a street in
London. There is a memoir of him in the Historia Universalis. He
added but little to our knowledge of Oxford plants, very few localities
being given in his volume of the Historia, and these were chiefly obtained
from Bobart. Morison describes Ononis campestris, Geranium lucidum
and Lychnis diurna, new to our Flora, and, on the authority of Mr. Bobart,
Samolus Valerandi, Geranium columbinum and G. rotundifolium.

On the death of Morison, in 1683, Jacob Bobart, junior, succeeded to
the botanical chair; he was born in 1640, and was employed by his
father in the gardens. He was a good worker in local botany, and added
many species to the Oxford Flora. He sent a considerable number of
records to Ray, which were inserted in his Historia and Stirpium. Bobart
prepared a Hortus Siccus in 20 volumes, which in 1885 was in existence in
the Oxford collection. The Morisonian Herbarium, which is still preserved
at Oxford was probably formed in great part by Bobart. In 1699, he
published the third volume of Morison’s history, in which are inserted
Bobart’s discoveries, the ‘grasses’ and ‘sedges’ contain many of these,
and some of the figures are very characteristic. Sherard complains of his
errors in the Mosses, see Richard's Correspondence, p. 134. Bobart’s
additions to our Flora are Helleborus viridis, Myriophyllum alterniflorum,
Heracleum Sphondylium var. Tordylium (now extinct), Galium tricorne,
Mentha sativa (?), Stachys arvensis, Ajuga reptans, Ophrys muscifera,
Orchis ustulata, Herminium, Ruseus, Carex dioica, C. ampullacea, C.
vesicaria, Triticum caninum, Hordeum sylvaticum, Asplenium lanceo-
latum (?), Aspidium aculeatum, Polypodium calearewm, Chara hispida (2),
Senecio campestris, Atra flexwosa. He also contributed to Ray records of
Thlaspi perfoliatum, Tilia grandiflora, Leontodon, Phragmites, Bromus
erectus, which appear in the first edition of the Stirpium. Vicia angusti-
Jjolia var. Bobartii, Rubus leucocarpus, Pyrola, Polygonum lapathifolium,
Brachypodium pinnatum, ete. to the second edition. Altogether Bobart
added at least 40 plants to the Oxford list, several being new to the British
Flora. A fourth volume on Trees was in contemplation, but he died
without carrying it into effect. Dr. Grey, in his edition of Hudibras,
relates that he transformed a dead rat into the feigned figure of a dragon,
by thrusting in taper, sharp sticks which distended the skin, till it
resembled wings, and altered its head and tail; which so imposed on the
learned, that several fine copies of verses were written on so rare a subject ;
and one of them sent an accurate (!) description of it to Dr. Malibrachi,
librarian to the Duke of Tuscany. Bobart afterwards acknowledged the
deception, but the animal was preserved for some time after in the
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. -379

Anatomical Museum. At the age of 79 Bobart was forced by the Vice-
Chancellor, Dr. Skippen, to resign the chair, and a few months after died.
Consul Sherard writes in that year ‘he was surprised to hear that he was
compelled to resign,’ and says, ‘they ought to have allowed him to spend
the short remainder of his days in the garden.’ Bobart was buried in the
churchyard of St. Peter’s-in-the-East. His portrait appeared in the
Oxford Almanack for 1719. Dr. Abel Evans in 1713 dedicated Vertumnus,
a poetical epistle, to him: Select Collection of Poems, 1780, vol. iii. 145.

In the Philosophical transactions for 1683 is » paper by Bobart on the
effects of the great frost, which happened in the preceding winter, on trees
and other plants.

In Buddle’s plants in the British Museum is the following letter by
Bobart (kindly pointed out to me by Mr, Carruthers):

Oxon. April 4, 1707.

I am now to be thankful to God and my friends that I have not only
seen, but had the perusal of as I think the best collection of its kind in
the world, and is as instructive as admirable, if the intellectuall is the best
part of mankind certainly whosoever contributes to that is the most
amicable and performs the greatest part of humanitie. I retwn y® Book
of Mosses w‘t as many thanks as there leaves among the said Mosses to
web T have sometimes added a Plant and sometimes a note w" I offer to
y™ Maturer judgment to be ejected at pleasure if anything of my en-
deavour prove pertinent, I have my aime, you will Sr, easily find my
imperfections and defects hy this enclosed Bill, any of which if to be
spared, would prove very acceptable to my small collection, and heartily
give thanks that you have been pleas’d to open our eyes, that we may the
better discover the wealth of oure owne country. I being now sensible
that we have pass’d over diverse wtout sense of distinction. I hope you
will safely receive y™ book sent by Mr. Bartlett to the Swan at Holborn
bridge carriage paid, and if y™ candour will prompt you to excuse the
Libertie I take of this inclosed note you will add obligations to Si*

‘Your most obliged servant,
J. Bopart.

In the Sloane collection of MSS. 1038 there is a Catalogus plantarum
horti Oxoniensis earumque que pariter in pagis silvis pratis montosisque
juxta Oxoniam locis nascuntur.

This is an alphabetical list of plants cultivated in the Botanical Garden
with their English names, but without native localities or date. After
a list of the garden plants is another, which may be the plants met with
in the vicinity of Oxford such as Cerinthe Honey Wort, Cauda Muris
Mousetail, Filipendula Vulg. Water Dropwort, Filipendula Dropwort,
Gramen tomentosum Cottongrass, Galium luteum, Ros solis, etc. It
evidently belonged to an apothecary, as at the end there is an interesting
list of drugs with prices.

Edward Sandys, D.M. of Wadham, succeeded Bobart. Judging by
380 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

results the reasons which influenced Bobart’s dismissers were rather social
than scientific. Gilbert Trower of Merton succeeded Sandys.

It will be here necessary to go back to Jno. Ray, the great naturalist,
whose writings commenced a new era in Botany. In 1670, before Plot’s
History of Oxfordshire was issued, Ray published his Catalogus Plan-
tarum Anglia, which at once superseded Merrett’s incorrect Pinaw. In this
catalogue Ray gives Ranunculus aquatilis and Cephalanthera grandiflora
as natives of Oxfordshire. In 1688 Ray issued his Fasciculus Stirpium
Britannicarum, and in 1686-1688 his Historia Plantarum. In 1690
appeared the first edition of the Synopsis Methodica Stirpium Brit.
The first systematic Flora of Great Britain. In this edition, besides the
plants already quoted under Bobart, appear Trigonella ornithopodioides
(with a plate) from Oxfordshire and Salix species. A second edition,
much revised and improved, appeared in 1696, in which Sherard added
Vicia sylvatica to the Oxford list; Bobart contributing those already
mentioned. Ray does not appear to have personally visited Oxfordshire,
but his writings indirectly did much to stir up enthusiasm in Oxford as
elsewhere, Bobart’s own work being probably to a great extent due to the
example set by Ray. Linnus termed this ‘the golden age of Botany.’
There are several prints of Ray in the Hope collection.

In none of the editions of Gibson’s Camden are any additions made to
our Flora; the discoveries of Parkinson, Plot, and Bobart being quoted in
the list of rare plants of the county.

William Sherard, born in 1658, at Bushby in Leicestershire, is the
next botanist to notice. He was educated at Merchant Taylors’ School
and St. John’s College, of which society he became fellow in 1683. He
travelled much on the continent as tutor of Lord Townsend ; being chiefly
occupied in collecting flowers, and did such excellent work as to secure the
esteem and friendship of Ray. He then made several tours in England
and the Channel Islands, finding many rare plants, which Ray inserted in
the Synopsis. These included Scirpus pungens, Gnaphalium luteo album,
Asplenium lanceolatum and Bartsia viscosa from Jersey; Subularia and
Cephalanthera from Ireland, etc,

In 1703 he was appointed Consul at Smyrna, and there laboured
diligently in making a large collection of plants, and also began the
celebrated Pinax. After residing in Asia fifteen years, he returned to
England, when the degree of Doctor of Laws was conferred on him by
Oxford, Although he had made a large fortune in the East, he lived
in the greatest privacy in London, devoting his time to the study of
Natural History and the preparation of his Pixax, keeping up a corre-
spondence with Tournefort, Boerhaave, Richardson, and other eminent
naturalists. Seventy-five letters to the latter scientist are printed in the
first volume of Nichols’s Literary Anecdotes. He, however, indulged in
occasional tours to Holland, France, and Italy. It is stated that whilst
botanising on the rocks of the Alps he was nearly shot by a peasant, who
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 381

mistook him for a wolf. On one of his continental journeys he made the
acquaintance of Dillenius, whom he afterwards induced to return with
him to England. ‘ Dillenius (says Sherard in a letter dated Sept. 7, 1721,
to Dr. Richardson) has brought with him most (if not all) of his Fungi
painted, and all his Lichenes, Lichenastra and Muscos, neatly designed,
with most of the plants he names for new in his catalogue.’ In 1726
considerable alterations were made at the Botanical Gardens, on his
promise to leave to it his collections. His herbarium presented to the
University, rendered Oxford pre-eminent in the eyes of Europe for its
Botanical treasures, ‘which included original specimens from most of the
eminent botanists of the time, named by themselves, and accompanied by
their remark or by queries,’ says Sir James Smith, ‘ scarcely less instruc-
tive.” On his death, which took place in 1728, he bequeathed £3000 to
provide a salary for the Professor of Botany, on condition that the
University should supply £150 towards the maintenance of the garden,
and that Dillenius should be the first Sherardian Professor. Although
Sherard never published any works under his own name, almost all
contemporary botanists bear testimony to his merit; see, for example,
Bobart’s preface to the third volume of Morison, and Ray in the third
volume of the Historia Plantarum. The third edition of the Synopsis
was prepared under Sherard’s inspection, and he probably wrote the Schola
Botanica, published at Amsterdam in 1689. The preface of the latter
work, dated London, 1688, is signed S. W. A., and suggests that it could
only have been prepared by Sherard. In 1727 he assisted Boerhaave in
revising the MSS. of the Botanicon Parisiense. For an extended notice
of William Sherard see the interesting memoir by B. Daydon Jackson
in Journ. Bot., May 1874. His herbarium of British plants is at this
date preserved by itself at Oxford; but it has been considerably tampered
with, many specimens collected as recently as 1820 being inserted
without collector’s name: and many plants removed to the other collec-
tions. There are but few traces of Sherard’s work in the Oxfordshire
Flora, but many specimens in the Dillenian herbarium were collected by
him. He recorded Vicia sylvatica from Merley Wood, near Oxford, and
Salix caprea acuto longoque folio, which Sir James Smith refers to
acuminata and Sibthorp confounds with cinerea. In the Dillenian
herbarium a form of Caprea represents it, and probably S. Smithiana
was the plant referred to by Sherard. Stellaria palustris was another of
his discoveries ‘about Oxford.’ He died 11th Aug., 1728, and was buried
at Eltham, where he rests in a nameless grave. Dillenius named a genus
of plants Skerardia in honour of Sherard, and the name is still retained.
There is no portrait of Sherard in the Hope collection.

John Jacob Dillenius, the first Sherardian Professor, was born at
Darmstadt, in 1687. He was educated at the University of Giessen,
where he published a list of plants growing in that neighbourhood; a
work which established his reputation as a botanist, although arranged
382 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

in an awkward manner, namely, by the times of flowering of the plants.
It contains a list of plants, gathered within a circuit of about a mile and
a-half German. In this small space, he found 980 species of Phanerogams,
200 species of Mosses, of which 140 were new, and 160 Fungi, 90 being
previously undescribed. It was his great knowledge of Cryptogamic
Botany which induced Sherard to bring him to England. He resided
with Sherard in London, and there undertook the task of editing a new
edition of Ray’s Synopsis, the second edition of which, published in 1696,
had become scarce. The third edition was published in 1724, but Dil-
lenius’ name did not appear as the writer, it being considered that his
foreign name would act prejudicially upon its sale. The new matter
added by Dillenius is distinguished from the rest of the book, and besides
his own discoveries, much assistance was rendered by Dr. Sherard and
Richardson, Llwyd (the successor of Plot at the Ashmolean Museum)
also furnishing a large number of records from Wales. In this edition
4o new Fungi, 40 Algae, over 150 Musci, and about 220 Ferns, and
Phanerogams are added ; the whole number of species described amount-
ing to about 2200; these, judged by the Linnean Standard of species,
would number about 1800, Although there are many mistakes in
Synonymy, still the book was a decided advance upon previous editions,
and it remained the text-book of British Botany till the appearance of
Hudson's Flora Anglica. One peculiar error will be found under
Anemone nemorosa. The additions to the Oxfordshire Flora in this
edition are not numerous, Dillenius having been at that time but little
inthe country. They are as follows:—Stellaria palustris, on the authority of
William Sherard, Linaria repens, recorded by James Sherard and William
Dandridge, a rayed variety of Centawrea nigra and @nanthe fluviatilis.

_ On the death of William Sherard, Dillenius was appointed Professor of
Botany at Oxford, and thus at last reached ‘the completion of his hopes,
and the field of all that gratification for which his tastes and pursuits,
prompted him to wish, and qualified him to enjoy. Add to this that he
was placed in the society of the learned, in the completest sense of the
word, and at the fountain of every information which the stores of
ancient and modern erudition could display to an inquisitive mind.’

In 1726 he accompanied Brewer for a two months’ tour through the
west of England to Wales. An account of this journey is given in a
letter to Dr. Richardson, No. 100 of The Richardson Correspondence.
They firss went to the Mendips, and Cheddar, gathering Meconopsis
cambrica, Saxifraga hypnoides, etc. On ‘Brent Downs’ (Brean Down)
they found the Helianthemum polifolium, and an unknown grass Spica
sparti, foliis reflexis angustis glaucis striatis, radice crassa et fungosa,
which is a peculiar form of Festuca, probably trachyphylla Hack. They
discovered also Silene maritima and Trinia. They then travelled west
through Gloucestershire, Worcestershire, and Salop, gathering Campanula
patula at Elberry Hill wood (Abberley?) near Worcester and Juncus
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 383

lamprocarpos in the adjacent meadows. In Shropshire Dr. Littleton
Brown joined them. Along ‘the Severn they noticed Brassica sylvestris,
and Sinapis nigra and the cut-leaved form of Heracleum. From Dolgelley
they ascended Cader Idris ‘and found a great many of the Welsh plants
there.’ These included Epilobiwm alpinum—Chamenerium alpinum minus
prunella foliis prope Dollgelley ubi ascendit Cader Idris primum, dein in
Glydyr reper. This has not since been recorded from Wales, but speci-
mens are in the Dillenian herbarium. They found too the Alpine form
of Campanala rotundifolia and many mosses and lichens. Between
Carnarvon and ‘Dolgelle’ they gathered Vicia Orobus, which is still
preserved in his herbarium. Littorella was found in the river near
Lianberis, and also Isoetes. Anglesea was next visited, but Dillenius did
not speak highly of its richness in rare plants. They gathered Mertensia
maritima, Asplenium marinum and Gentiana Pneumonanthe. In ‘2 small
river that runs out of « pond near Esquire Baly’s’ Dillenius found
Potamogeton foliis oblongis, planis, inferné alternis, superné constipatis.
This plant is preserved in his herbarium and proves to be Potamogeton
nitens, the Dillenian specimen having been found more than a century
before it was described as a British plant.

Near Newborough in Anglesea they gathered Thalictrum maritimum,
Ononis repens (Ononis maritima procumbens), and V ulneraria flore coccineo,
now known as dAnthyllis Dillenii. Euphorbia Portlandica and Viola
Curtisii were also found. Cakile maritima and Brassica monensis were
discovered at Abermeney Ferry. They then went to Snowdon, finding at
its base Wahlenbergia and in the lake at the foot of Gribgoch Potamo-
geton, lapathi minoris foliis pellucidis, suggested by Dawson Turner to
be heterophyllus; it is, however, a form of P. polygonifolius. They
missed the Woodsia, and Lloydia. In Llyn y Cwm Subularia was
gathered, and on the hill Lycopodiwm annotinum.

Other plants gathered in Wales on this tour were Juniperus nanus,
Alsine verna, Alisma ranunculoides, var. subrepens, Salix herbacea,
Carex pallescens, Hypericum quadrangulum, Anagallis tenella, Nitella
opaca, etc. In 1732 Dillenius published the Hortus Hithamensis in two
folio volumes with 324 plates, drawn and engraved by himself (as were
those in his other books), and descriptions of about 400 rare plants, which
were cultivated in Dr. James Sherard’s garden at Eltham. This work
did not sell, and a portion of it was cut up to hold his Hortus siccus. He
appears to have disliked preparing it, as he considered it was only done to
bring James Sherard into notice. Dillenius says that James Sherard
made ‘him lose more than £200 over its publication, besides much
valuable time,’ and complains that after Consul Sherard’s death ‘he took
me off and set me to work in his garden, to make himself known, and
promised to do great things, viz. to pay for the plates, paper, etc., but
when it came to the performance he did nothing; and, not to lose so
many years’ labour, I undertook it at my own expense. All his kindness
384 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

ended in an offer to lend me money, and to take thirty books (which he
did to hinder my taking subscriptions). I finished the book without his
money, and he instead of thirty, took only ten books, for which I had but
30 guineas—I gave him besides, one more gratis, and some time after,
another, which in some manner he begged of me....If the time which
hath been spent in composing this work, had been employ’d in the Pinax
I durst say the Pinax was finished.’ Rich. Corres. p. 364. In the Hortus
Dillenius records Tussilago hybrida from Oxfordshire ‘prope Banbury
primum inventa dicitur in Anglia,’ p. 310.

In 1735 he was made Doctor of Physic. ‘Linnzus visited Oxford in
1736 in order to see the Physic Garden, and was received in a friendly
manner by Dr. Shaw who declared himself a disciple, having read Lin-
neus’ System with great pleasure. The learned Dillenius was at first
haughty, conceiving Linnzus’ Genera to be written against him, but he
afterwards detained him a month without leaving Linneus an hour to
himself the whole day long; and at last took leave of him with tears in
his eyes, after having given him the choice of living with him till his
death, as the salary of the Professorship was sufficient for them both!’

Another version of the meeting of the two Botanists relates that Lin-
neus, meeting the Oxford Professor with Dr. Shaw, apologised for his
inability to talk in English, which threw Dillenius off his guard, who
remarked carelessly to Dr. Shaw ‘this is the young man who would
confound the whole of Botany; but Linnzus gathered the meaning of
the speech by tracing the verb ‘confound’ to its Latin root, and soon
took an opportunity of retaliating by slightly alluding to it, while he was
demonstrating in the garden some of the new genera to which Dillenius
had particularly objected. He quickly constrained the Professor to form
a high opinion of his ability, although he could not succeed in making him
a proselyte. In a letter to Dr. Richardson in August of that year Dille-
nius writes: ‘A new botanist is arose in the north, a founder of a new
method wu staminibus et pistillis whose name is Linneus.... He is a
Swede and hath travelled over Lapponia; hath a thorough insight into
botany; but am afraid his method won’t hold. He came hither and
stayed here about eight days.’ Their meeting led to a friendship and
correspondence which terminated only with death. Linneus thus ex-
pressed himself ‘Zn Anglia nullus est qui genera curat vel intelligat
preter quam Dillenius’ Sir James Smith says that had Dillenius’
generosity been equalled by Sir Hans Sloane it is probable that Linnzus
would have remained in England.

Dr. Williams, Professor of Botany at Oxford, gave Professor Schultes
another version of the story. He says Linneus cuessed that Dillenius
had used the word ‘confusion,’ but that shortly afterwards Sherard
@ Shaw) and Dillenius stopped by a wall overgrown with Linaria Cym-
balaria, a plant upon which they were desirous of having Linneus’

1 Linneeus’ diary, 517.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 385

opinion, as much doubt had existed respecting it. Linneus removed
these difficulties with his natural perspicuity. A second and third plant
of which they felt uncertain were also made clear by Linneus with
perfect ease. Dillenius was surprised, and his companion remarked ‘he
could see no confusion in Linneus.’ Then grew up a mutual liking, and
it was not till Linnzus was about to leave Oxford that he remarked to
Dillenius he hoped he had brought no confusion there, when the Professor
took the opportunity of apologizing for the ungracious word.

In 1741 Dillenius published his Historia Muscorum at a guinea per
copy, 250 copies being printed. It is a quarto volume of 576 pages, con-
taining the synonyms, history, and descriptions of above 600 mosses; with
85 plates etched by Dillenius himself. In spite of subsequent improve-
ments the book is never likely to become less valuable, as there were
only a limited number printed. Sir James Smith states that he saw
some copies ‘ fairly lettered and untouched on the shelves of collectors as
A History of the Muscovites,

Lycopodium clavatum is first made known as an Oxford plant in this
work. The type specimens of his Mosses are still preserved in the Oxford
Herbarium, and also many of the plants which he described in the
Synopsis; to these he added specimens which he collected during his
residence at Oxford, many_of these being additions to our Flora. They
include Equisetum palustre 1744, Bellis perennis 1721, Enanthe silat-
folia, Galium palustre, Asperula cynanchica, Thymus serpyllum, Salvia
pratensis 1730, Plantago major var. intermedia, P. Coronopus 1745, Hip-
pocrepis comosa, Orchis Simia, Sclerochloa rigida, Scirpus palustris,
Rosa mollis, Gentiana campestris, Potamogeton polygonifolius, Cardamine
flexuosa ; and from Berkshire Hypericum quadrangulum, Galium sazatile,
G. uliginosum, Veronica officinalis, and Gymnadenia Conopsea.

In the Garden Library is a copy of the Dillenian Ray with the plates
coloured by Dillenius himself, and in the Bodleian Library one of the
Hortus Elthamensis also coloured by him. About 250 unpublished
coloured drawings of Fungi by Dillenius, very neatly executed, are also
in the Garden Collection; these, with his books, MSS., and specimens,
were bought by Dr. Humphrey Sibthorp from Dillenius’ executors, after
his death, which tock place in 1747 from an apopleptic fit, at the age of 60.
There is a portrait of him in the Bodleian Library from which a print was
published in the Annals of Botany.

James Sherard, brother of the Consul and owner of the Eltham
Garden, occasionally visited Oxfordshire, Linaria repens being discovered
by him at Henley. His treatment of Dillenius has already been noticed.

Dr. Humphrey Sibthorp succeeded Dillenius, as Sherardian Professor,
he is said to have given one not very successful lecture, and as Sir James
Smith says every scientific object slept during the 40 years he held the
post. The genus Sibthorpia was dedicated to him by Linneus and not,
as is frequently supposed, to his illustrious son.

cc
386 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

In the rather barren time which followed, the only botanist to add to
the Oxford Flora was Blackstone, of whom very little is known. He lived
in London, having been apprenticed to an Apothecary, and visited Oxford-
shire about 1736, probably staying at Walcote near Charlbury. Here
he made many interesting discoveries the MS. list of which is preserved
in Herb. Sloane, vol. 317. These the Rev. W. Newbould has kindly
transcribed for me. The additions made by Blackstone are Veronica
montana, Salix pentandra, Valeriana officinalis, Iris fetidissima, Carex
remota, C. pallescens, C. flava, C. vulgaris, Aira pracox, Melica
uniflora, Lithospermum officinale, Sanguisorba officinalis, Atropa, Vibur-
num Lantana, Allium ursinum, Stellaria Holostea, Nepeta Cataria,
Pedicularis palustris, Anthyllis Vulneraria, Moenchia, Alchemilla
arvensis, Specularia hybrida, Rhamnus catharticus. In1746 he published
his Specimen Botanicum which consists of the original localities in various
counties of over 360 species of plants. Besides the addition to our county
already quoted, this book gives Oxfordshire localities for the first time of
the following plants—Aquilegia, Arabis hirsuta, Thlaspi arvense, Alsine
tenuifolia, Sagina nodosa, Lathyrus Aphaca, Spirea Filipendula, Cir-
sium ertophorum C. acaule, Nepeta Glechoma var., and Avena pubescens.
Specimens of Anemone Pulsatilla collected by Blackstone are contained
in the Dillenian Herbarium. His own herbarium is now in the British
Museum. Blackstone died in1753. There are two letters of his published
in the Richardson correspondence, one giving an account of the first
discovery of Dentaria bulbifera as a British plant. The genus Blackstonia
was named after him by Hudson and might well be revived. There is a
print in the Hope Collection of three Botanists, one of whom is Wm. Curtis,
author of Flora Lond., the second being Blackstone and said to be a good
likeness of him. It is the only portrait of him in existence.

John Lightfoot, born in 1735, was educated at Oxford, where he took
his M.A. degree and entered Holy Orders, becoming chaplain to the Dowager
Duchess of Portland. He was recommended to this ‘intelligent admirer
and patron of Natural History in General’ by his taste for Botany, and
Conchology, as well as by his courtly manners. By her grace’s influence
he obtained the Rectory of Gotham, in Notts, and subsequently the living
of Cowley, in Middlesex. In 1772 Mr. Pennant invited Lightfoot to
accompany him on his second tour through Scotland and the Hebrides,
advising him to make a compilation of a Flora Scotica, and offering to
defray the expenses of publishing. This kind offer was accepted by
Lightfoot. He received great help from Scotch Botanists, who placed
their knowledge of localities, and their herbaria at his disposal. Sir
Joseph Banks and Dr. Solander assisted him in identifying the plants
collected. Oxford was visited by him in order to compare his Mosses, etc.,
with the type specimens of Dillenius. The Flora Scotica was published in
1777. For some years Lightfoot was a Fellow of the Royal Society, and
waa one of the original members of the Linnean Society. He died at
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 387

Uxbridge in 1788. His very excellent Herbarium was purchased by
George the Third for 100 guineas, and given by the King to Queen
Charlotte. It was kept at Frogmore, where Sir James Smith had the
privilege of consulting it in the preparation of his Flora Britannica, as
also had Dr. Goodenough for his monograph on the Carices.

When Dr. Lightfoot was working at Oxford, he made several excursions
into the neighbourhood, and on some of these he was accompanied by Mr.
Yalden. Some of the rare or interesting plants noticed he recorded in a
copy of the Dillenian Ray, and in a copy of the Flora Anglica in the
Botanic Library.

The plants not previously recorded for the county included—Sisym-
brium Irio, Astragalus danicus, Teucrium Chamaedrys, this being pro-
bably the first British record, Gagea lutea, Schoenus nigricans, Fritillaria
Meleagris, Epilobiwm angustifolium, Asperula eynanchica, Calamagrostis
Epigeios, Thesium linophyllum, Crepis fatida, and Lathrea.

It is not a little singular that the Fritillary, so conspicuous a plant of
the Oxford meadows, should have so long remained unnoticed by the
various botanists who had resided in or visited Oxfordshire.

Up to this time about 230 species had been recorded as Oxfordshire
plants. We now enter upon a new era. Linneus, whose visit to Oxford
has been already noticed, published in 1735 the Systema Nature, in 1737
his Genera Plantarum, and in 1753 the Species Plantarum. These works
soon caused the views of Linneus to make way in England, and in 1762
Hudson published the Flora Anglica based on the Linnzan system.
Hudson’s book quickly superseded the work of Ray, and, as Sir James
Smith says, ‘marks the establishment of the Linnean principles of Botany
in England.’ It added nothing to our county.

Sir Joseph Banks was born on the 13th Feb., 1743, at Argyle Street,
London, and was educated at Harrow and Eton. At Eton he acquired a
taste for Natural History, all his spare time being spent in the woods
and fields round the school. He entered Christ Church, as a gentleman
commoner, and continued collecting specimens of the plants round the
city. He is said to have been the first to notice Senecio squalidus on the
walls of Oxford, and in his Herbarium at the British Museum many
Oxfordshire plants are still preserved. His additions to the Oxford Flora
include Raphanistrum innocuum, Ranunculus peltatus, Oxalis Acetosella,
Callitriche autumnalis (?) [hamulata], Glyceria fluitans, Reseda lutea,
Lathyrus sylvestris, Trifolium filiforme, Hippuris, Helosciadium inunda-
tum, Phleum pratense, Scirpus lacustris, Juncus supinus, J. squarrosus,
Daphne Laureola, Lactuca virosa, Limosella, Solidago Virgo Aurea, etc.
It was owing to Sir Joseph Banks’ exertion that the first Natural Science
Lectureship at Oxford was instituted. There are several prints of him in
the Hope Collection.

Jobn Sibthorp, the youngest son of Dr. Humphrey Sibthorp, already
spoken of, was born at Oxford in 1758, and educated at Magdalen School

cc2
388 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

and Lincoln College. He obtained the Radcliffe Travelling Fellowship and
became a member of University College. He took the degree of M.A. in
1780 and M.B. in 1783. The following details are from a memoir of him
by his friend Sir J. E. Smith. He was intended for the medical pro-
fession, and entered at Edinburgh to complete that branch of his education,
but he took the M.D. at Oxford in 1784. The taste he had early imbibed
for natural history, especially botany, was cultivated at Edinburgh, whence
he made a tour into the Scotch Highlands. After his return he visited
France and Switzerland, staying a considerable time at Montpellier, where
he made the acquaintance of Broussonet, collected many plants of the
district and communicated the result of his discoveries to the Académie
des Sciences of Montpellier. His father succeeding to an estate, necessi-
tated his return to England in 1783, when on his father’s resignation he
was appointed to the Sherardian Chair. He himself did not need the
emolument, having already an ample independence of his own in prospect
from the estate of his mother, who was his father’s second wife. These
expectations and his appointment released him from any need to practise
as a Physician, and his attachment to Botany increased. There was a
friendly competition between him and Sir James Smith for the possession
of the Linnzan Museum and Library, which the latter succeeded in
obtaining, but Oxford only narrowly missed the acquisition of so important
and valuable a collection.

Dr. Sibthorp in 1784 passed some time at Gottingen, where he first pro-
jected his tour to Greece. He first visited the principal seats of learning
in Germany, and stayed some time at Vienna, where he cultivated the
friendship of the two professors Jacquin, studied the celebrated MSS. of
Dioscorides, and procured a most excellent draughtsman, Ferdinand
Bauer, to accompany him on his expedition. In March 1786 they started
from Vienna, passed through Carniola to Trieste, Venice, Bologna, Florence,
Rome, and Naples, sailed from thence in May, touching at Messina, and
the Isle of Milo, and then proceeded to Crete. Here in June the flowers
were in great beauty. In returning to Milo, they narrowly escaped ship-
wreck. They then touched at several islands of the Archipelago, visited
Athens, and remained for a while at Smyrna. Hence, following the steps
of Sherard, they proceeded to Bursa, climbed the Bithynian Olympus, and
at length reached Constantinople, where they spent the ensuing winter.
In a botanical excursion to Belgrade on Feb. 17, 1787, and another to
Bujuckderi, March 5, the plants found in flower were almost entirely the
same as are met with at the same season in England. In March they
joined company with Captain Emery, and sailed from Constantinople for
Cyprus, taking the islands of Scio, Mytilene, Cos, and Rhodes, and touching
at the coast of Asia Minor on their way. A stay of five weeks at Cyprus
enabled Dr. Sibthorp to draw up w Flora and Fauna of that island. The
former comprehended 616 species of plants, the latter 18 mammals, 85
birds, 19 amphibians, and 100 fishes. The particular stations, domestic
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 389

and medicinal uses, and the vernacular names, when known, are sub-
joined. The same method is pursued in a subsequent part of the journal
with regard to the plants and animals of Greece, and everything that
could be recorded relative to the medicine, agriculture, and domestic
economy of that country and the neighbouring isles. The illustration of
the writings of Dioscorides in particular was Dr. Sibthorp’s chief object.
The first sketch of the Flora Greca comprises about 850 plants.
‘This, says the author, ‘may be considered as containing only the plants
observed by me in the environs of Athens, on the snowy heights of the
Grecian alp Parnassus, on the steep precipice of Delphis, the empurpled
mountain of Hymettus, the Pentele, the lower hills about the Pireus, the
olive grounds about Athens and the sterile plains of Beotia.? Having
continued his journey through Greece, and its various islands, he reached
Athens in June 1787. From thence he prosecuted other journeys, ascending
Mount Delphis in a storm of wind and rain. The scenery of Mount Athos
made a great impression on him. He then visited Thessalonica, Corinth,
and Patras, returning to England at the end of the year. His health,
never very robust, had suffered materially, from the privations he had
undergone, but his native air gradually recruited his strength. During
his stay in England, Bauer was engaged in making his drawings of the
animals and plants collected in their recent travels. Dr. Sibthorp for his
merits, had an increased stipend granted him, with the title of Regius
Professor. In the spring of 1788 he entertained Sir Joseph Banks, Mr.
Dryander, and Sir James Smith, for a week, and they found that Sibthorp
was not satisfied with the result of his labours, Accordingly in 1794 Dr.
Sibthorp set out on his second tour to Greece, his health suffering much
on the journey to Constantinople. In company with Mr. Hawkins he
made an excursion into Bithynia, and climbed to the summit of Olympus.
In September they passed down the Hellespont, spent two days in
examining the plains of Troy, and then proceeded to Imbros, and Lemnos.
They then passed ten days in investigating the district round Mount
Athos. Their journey next led them to Skiatho, hence to Negropont and
by the Pirzus to Athens. In November they proceeded to Patros and
Zante. In February they visited the Morea, making in two months a com-
plete circuit of the peninsula. The Violet and Primrose welcomed them
in the plains of Arcadia, and Narcissus Tazetta, which Dr. Sibthorp was
disposed to think was the true poetic Narcissus, decorated in profusion the
banks of the Alpheus. Proceeding to Argos and thence to Mycenz they
returned from Hermione by land to Argos. April and May were spent
in visiting Cardamoula, Calamata, Cephalonia, and Preversa. The
weather had been very unfavourable and Dr. Sibthorp caught a severe
cold from which he never recovered, a miserable journey to England
occupying till the autumn of 1795. The climates of Devonshire and
Bath were tried in vain, and he died of consumption at Bath in February,
1796, at the early age of thirty-eight. ‘No name has a fairer claim to
39° FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE,

botanical immortality among the martyrs of the science, than that of
Sibthorp.”

He left by his will an estate in Oxfordshire to the University for the
purpose of publishing his Flora Greca in 10 folio volumes, 100 coloured
plates in each, and a Prodromus of the same work, in 8vo. without
plates. This was carried out by Sir J. E. Smith, who drew up the
botanical descriptions and characters; Sibthorp having only drawn out
the plan of the Prodromus and the figures of the Flora. After the
expenses of this work had been defrayed, the estate was to endow w
professorship of rural economy, which under certain conditions was to be
held by the Sherardian Professor, who was obliged to read lectures in each
term,

It was supposed that Sibthorp’s collections, correspondence, etc., were
also left to the University. Prof. Daubeny says, in a letter to Mr. Dawson
Turner, that when the house belonging to the Professor of Botany was
pulled down by the street commissioners, various papers (for which there
could not have been room in the only apartments that then remained
attached to the Garden) were removed to Dr. Sibthorp’s private dwelling-
house, which, on the death of the son, and afterwards of the father, fell
into the hands of Lady Sewell, sister of the author of Flora Greca. On
the decease of that lady the effects were sold, and amongst them the
various papers, etc. At the sale the Professor of Botany, Dr. Williams,
bought several volumes which he had reason to believe belonged to the
University, and restored them to the Garden. The various papers above
alluded to were Dr. Sibthorp’s correspondence and with them much of
the correspondence of the older Botanists of the University; at the
auction they were purchased by a druggist for waste paper, and after
keeping sufficient for his use there remained enough to make it worth
while to send them to a neighbouring paper-mill. Thus perished a cor-
respondence which rivalled in value and interest that of Smith or Richard-
son. Dr. Williams was not aware this correspondence was put up for
auction. He had previously made application to the Sibthorp family for
its restitution to the University.

The only work which Sibthorp lived to complete was the Flora Oxont-
ensis dedicated to Sir Joseph Banks. It is the first general Flora of the
county, and is especially interesting as it appears to be solely the result
of Sibthorp’s researches, supplying as he does the various localities con-
tained in it. The Flora is arranged according to the Linnxan system,
with the Linnean names, the synonyms of Ray, etc., being also quoted.
About 750 species are included as constituents of the county list; several
of these, however, having very slight claim to admission, namely Phleum
paniculatum (asperum), Arabis Turrita, and Myrrhis odorata. Sibthorp
omits Plot’s Viola palustris and Ray’s Trigonella ornithopodioides, and
also Verbascum Blattaria, Scrophularia vernalis, and Asarum europeum.
The three last, if ever found, were not native. The plant previously
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 391

referred to Pyrola rotundifolia is correctly identified by Sibthorp with
P. minor. Blackstone's Salia pentandra is also absent. Ray’s Salix
acuminata is here wrongly referred to cinerea; Herminium Monorchis,
although recently found by Dr. Lightfoot, is omitted, and no notice is
taken of Plot’s variety of Epipactis latifolia. The Asplenium from Adder-
bury (either erroneously described as lanceolatum by Bobart, or an alien
there) is not given.

About 530 species are additions to the county Flora, which with varieties
and plants previously recorded was now shown to contain about 780
species and varieties.

In this Flora, Sibthorp first describes as British plants Ranunculus
eircinatus, R. fluitans, R. heterophyllus, Erodium cherophyllum, Arabis
Turrita. He also described under names which are still retained Juncus
glaucus, Lychnis vespertina, L. diurna, Potentilla procumbens, Trifolium
dubium.

In addition to the Phanerogams, 87 species of Musci are described, as
well as 20 species of Hepatice, and over 340 Lichenes, Alge, and Fungi.

In the Preface Dr. Sibthorp mentions the chief rarities of the county,
pointing out the Monotropa, Pyrola, Cephalanthera of the chalk woods,
the Lycopodium and Oreopteris on Shotover, and the Pinguicula and
Parnassia on Bullingdon Green. He alludes to the Orchids on the chalk
downs and to the presence there of Onobrychis and Iberis, with the
parasitic Orobanche. The Burford Downs are stated to yield Ophrys,
Senecio campestris, Anemone Pulsatilla, and Astragalus danicus; while
the rivers about Oxford have both water-lilies, the arrowhead and flower-
ing rush. As plants not indigenous mention is made of Hieraciwm ce-
rinthoides (probably H. amplexicaule), Senecio species (S. squalidus), and
Linaria Cymbalaria.

Such a work as this, so accurate and thorough, the result of personal
toil and observation, placed Oxfordshire for a long time at the head of
counties with published floras. The best proof of its excellence will be
seen, when the additions made during the next fifty years are noticed.

Sibthorp had a country house near South Leigh, which will explain the
frequent references to that portion of the county. His descendants have
been munificent donors to the church there. It must be borne in mind,
that since his time, field enclosure has taken place, most of the commons
have become absorbed, and the great limestone tract of the west brought
under cultivation. Hence many of the plants he mentions have become
rare and some extinct. Of his herbarium of British plants I am unable
to find a trace, and whether it went in the ‘heap of waste paper’ to the
local paper-mills or whether its fate was to perish at the hands of some
energetic ‘ cleaner out,’ is an open question. Some portion evidently
remained to comparatively recent times, for Mr. Newbould was shown
a small bundle by Mr. William Baxter, in whose careful hands it was
not likely to suffer. There may be a few of the Sedges in Dr. Goodenough’s
392 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Herbarium. Fortunately most of his records have been since confirmed,
Bromus madritensis and Carex strigosa being the most notable exceptions.
Dr. Sheffield, who is described as one of the best botanists at Oxford,
a friend and contemporary of Sir Joseph Banks, Dr. Lightfoot, and
Dr. Sibthorp, found Carex strigosa in Witham Wood.

Sibthorp was buried in the Abbey Church at Bath, where there is
a monument to his memory.

There is no portrait of Sibthorp in the Hope Collection.

James Benwell, born about 1735, was employed for many years as
a workman in the Botanic Gardens; he was an ardent lover of Botany,
and although uneducated was an intelligent observer, and possessed an
intimate acquaintance with the plants of the neighbourhood. He attended
Dr. Sibthorp on his excursions when collecting material for the Flora
Oxon., and was the first to discover Paris quadrifolia and a few other
rare plants in the county. ‘His integrity, industry, and a natural pro-
priety and courtesy of manners gained him the respect and esteem of all
who knew him.’ He died in 1819, aged 84 years. <A print of him was
published a few years before his death from a drawing by Mr. A. R. Burt,
and a copy is contained in the Hope Collection.

Dr. Goodenough made the next addition to our list by recording in
Smith's English Flora the occurrence of Hrodium moschatum. In the
same book Mr. Bicheno was credited with the discovery of Tilia ulmifolia
(@. parvifolia) and Rubus rhamnifolius. Sir James Smith quoted Ox-
fordshire for Campanula rapunculoides on faith of a note in Buddle’s
Herbarium which no subsequent record confirms, for Lonicera Caprifoliwm
found by Mr. Butt and thought by the finder to be indigenous, for Daphne
Mezereum found by Mr. J. Wheeler, and for Hriophorum vaginatum (now
extinct) and Salix Lambertiana.

In Purton’s Midland Flora, 1817-1821, Dr. Williams, Professor of
Botany, is stated to have found Tulipa sylvestris, Baxter is quoted for
Bromus racemosus and Nephrodium dilatatum and the Rev. W. T. Bree
identifies Sibthorp’s Hieraciwm cerinthoides with H. amplexicaule, and
records for the first time as an Oxford plant the beautiful Leucojum
aestivum.

William Baxter, Curator of the Oxford Botanic Garden, was born at
Rugby on Jan. 15th, 1787. He was appointed to the Oxford Botanic
Garden in 1813. In 1817 he was admitted as an associate of the Linnean
Society. ‘At this time Botany had sunk at Oxford to its lowest level.
Sherard, Dillenius, and Sibthorp belonged to the past. Dr. Williams, who
occupied the Professorial chair at this time, although an elegant scholar,
added nothing to botanical science, and for practical instruction in botany
the undergraduates in Oxford had recourse to the teachings of Mr. Baxter,’
Gard. Chron, Nov. 4, 1871. In 1825 Mr. Baxter issued his Stirpes
Cryptogame O.xonienses and began forming his collection of Mosges
and Lpiphyltlous Fungi, when the study of the latter plants was limited
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 393

to very few Botanists. He was a frequent correspondent of Purton,
Dr. Greville, Mr. Sabine, Mr. Borrer and the Rev. A. Bloxam.

} In 1834 he published the first volume of British Phenogamous Botany,
or British Flowering plants, with figures and descriptions of the genera.
The plates are of unequal merit, but most of them are very good, and
possess a special value, each being drawn from an individual plant, the
locality or origin of which is usually stated. The text bears witness to
Baxter’s keenness of observation, and to his untiring industry. Very
numerous localities, many of which are original, are given for the rarer
plants. The Fungi found on the various plants are also enumerated.
Many of the plants and fungi are still preserved in the Oxford Gardens, to
which they were presented by his son in 1884. In addition to his literary
work, he was indefatigable in his arrangement of the gardens. He raised
their level so that the floods which formerly did much injury were kept
out. He got together a nearly complete collection of living British
Grasses and Willows, and a large number of hardy herbaceous plants, so
that for its size the Oxford Botanic Garden was one of the most celebrated
in the Kingdom.

In 1831 he revisited Rugby with his son, Mr. W. H. Baxter, for the
purpose of ascertaining what plants grew in the neighbourhood. He
contemplated publishing a Flora of that district, but never carried it into
effect. Nearly 400 plants were noted by him, some being interesting,
such as Radiola and Inula Pulicaria, Peplis Portula was also found in
considerable abundance at Hill Morton. In his British Plants he says,
‘How often is a little simple flower the source of most delightful and
pleasing recollections! Hill Morton is the birth-place of my mother, and
the circumstance of merely recording the name of this humble plant,
after having seen it in such abundance in the place mentioned, seems to
lead me back to the happy days of my childhood, many of which were
spent amongst my relations and friends in that pleasant village.’

In 1832 a Natural History Society of Oxford was formed, Baxter taking
« prominent part in its work. About this time he visited Thame and
formed a small herbarium of the plants of that district. This included
Rumex maritimus and Rosa systyla new to the county. Baxter con-
tributed in conjunction with Mr. Ayres a paper on the Oxfordshire
Cryptogams to the Phytologist, i.661, 702. On the death of Dr. Williams,
in 1834, Dr. Daubeny was chosen Professor, and a re-arrangement of the
gardens was at once undertaken. Baxter rendered considerable assistance
to Rev. R. Walker in preparing the Flora of Oxfordshire, indeed, almost
all the new localities in that work are owing to Baxter’s industry. In
1851 Baxter retired from the active management of the gardens, being
succeeded by his son, Mr. W. H. Baxter, who still worthily occupies the
position. Mr. W. Baxter, according to the Gardeners’ Chronicle, had a
trifling pension allowed him, ‘in amount quite inadequate to the merits of
the recipient.’ His private life was beyond reproach, and his unassuming
394 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

manner and readiness to assist impressed most favourably all who came in
contact with him. To his employés his even temper and kindness endeared
him. He was also singularly temperate in habit. He died on Nov. 1,
1871, in the 84th year of his age. There is a print of Baxter after a
drawing by Burt in the Hope Collection. Among other plants Baxter
added to the Oxford Flora Senecio saracenicus, Mentha sylvestris, Myosotis
cespitosa and versicolor, Luzula Forsteri, Blysmus compressus, Bromus
arvensis, Salix Hoffmaniana, S. rugosa, Eriophorum latifolium, Diplo-
taxis muralis, Rosa sepium, Enanthe Lachenalii, Valerianella carinata,
V. dentata, Erythrea pulchella, Lolium temulentum, Prunus domesticus,
Sedum album, Carex Pseudo Cyperus, Juncus obtusiflorus, Potamogeton
prelongus, Polygonum mite, Epilobium parviflorum, Rosa sepium, Salix
decipiens, undulata, Helix, aquatica, oleifolia, Anacharis, etc.

In 1838 appeared the Flora of Oxfordshire and its adjoining counties
(comprising the flowering plants only) by Richard Walker, B.D., F.L.S.,
Fellow of Magdalen College. This work, though it appeared some 40
years after Sibthorp’s Flora, did not add much to the knowledge of the
county flora; few additional plants being given, and little or no attempt
being made to show their distribution in the county. The descriptions of
the species are given in clear and easy language, and it was probably the
intention of the author rather to make a special feature of this, than to
add plant records. It is arranged according to the Linnean system.
The habitats of the plant are evidently taken from a general flora and
have no local significance. We are told for instance that Myrrhis odorata
(a garden escape at the best) is a native of ‘mountainous pastures.’
Sibthorp’s locality, which Walker alone quotes, of ‘Rose Lane,’ scarcely
being applicable. Many species which are given without special localities
are really very rare plants in Oxford, e.g. Solidago Virgo Aurea, Anthriscus
vulgaris; Mr. Walker evidently having in his mind their general dis-
tribution in England and not their local one.

The localised additions made by Mr. Walker are Camelina sativa, and
Lotus tenuis.

About 20 other species previously unrecorded are also inserted.

Richard Walker, the author of the Flora, was born at Norwich, on
March 17, 1791, and was educated at the Free School of that city under
Dr. Forster. He was son of the Rey. John Walker, Minor Canon of
Norwich. Sometime chorister of Magdalen College. Richard Walker
matriculated at Balliol College in Oct. 1810, became Demy of Magdalen
1812, took degree of B.A. Dec. 1, 1814, M.A. April 16,1817, B.D. Dec. 17,
1824, was chosen Fellow of Magdalen 1821, was afterwards Dean,
Bursar, and Vice-President, and was Master of Magdalen College School,
1828-1844. He was ordained Deacon by Bathurst, Bishop of Norwich,
and Priest by Fisher, Bishop of Salisbury; and was curate at Tilehurst,
Berks. He married 1852, Eliza Naomi, daughter of David Davies, M.D.
He died Dec. 31, 1870, and was buried at Olveston, near Thornbury.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 395

Bloxam’s Register of Magdalen College, vii. 252. Besides the Flora
Mr. Walker was editor or author of several works and assisted the late
venerable Dr. Routh, President of Magdalen, in correcting for the press
the second edition of the Religuie Sacre. His wife still survives and
retains his herbarium of Oxford plants.

In 1839, Mr. W. Wilson Saunders, F.L.S., published in the Magazine
of Natural History, n. 8. vol. iii., pp. 239-242, May 1839, a list of a few
rare or interesting plants noticed in the neighbourhood of Nirtlington.
His very valuable general herbarium has become the property of the
University.

In 1841 appeared a ‘Catalogue of Plants growing about Banbury,’
by Geo. Gulliver, F.R.S., F.L.8., Assistant Surgeon to the Royal Regi-
ment of Horse Guards, a valuable contribution to our Flora as the district
round Banbury had previously been unworked. Mr. Gulliver adds
Hypericum quadrangulum (dubium), Isatis, Hesperis, Crataegus var.,
Cuscuta Epithymum, and 3 or 4 other plants in his list of 400 species;
his catalogue also including a large number of Cryptogams. A few plants
inserted are evidently errors. These are Sonchus palustris, Stachys ger-
manica, Vella annua and probably Carex levigata. His Herbarium was
presented to the Literary Society of Chatham. Mr. Gulliver was born at
Banbury on the 4th of June, 1804. He early commenced the study of
Botany and between 1818 and 1824 made a collection of plants which
formed the basis of his Banbury list. This list however was not published
as we have seen till 1841. In 1860 an article by him on The Marginal
nerves of the leaves of Mosses appeared in the Annals of Natural History ;
and in 1861 he contributed a series of papers on Raphides to the same
Journal. In 1866 he drew attention in the Journal of Botany to the
difference in the size of the pollen grains of Lotus corniculatus and L. major
(ptlosus). In 1868 he took up his residence at Canterbury, where he
became Secretary to the East Kent Natural History Society, and it was at
Canterbury he died on Nov. 17, 1882.

In the Phytologist, vol. v., p. 153, is an interesting paper on the Plants of
the Goring district, by Mr. W. Pamplin, A.L.S.,in which are noticed most
of the plants peculiar to the Chalk district, Mr. Pamplin has favoured
me with many notes relating to that and other portions of the county.

About 1840, Dr. Ayres of Thame did good work in the lower Crypto-
gams and in conjunction with Mr. Baxter published a list in the Phyto-
logist, vol. i., pp. 661, 702.

Towards the end of 1841 appeared The Botany of the Neighbourhood
of Banbury, with a sketch of the Geology furnished for Mr. Alfred
Beesley’s ‘ History of Banbury,’ by Mr. Thomas Beesley. This is a list
of about 500 species occurring in the north of the county, besides a large
number of Cryptogams. This list with the author’s MS. notes was used
as the chief source of Oxford records in Topographical Botany by Mr.
H.C. Watson. The additions to our Flora made by Mr. Beesley in his
396 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

list, and in subsequent investigations, include Teesdalia, Polygala depressa,
Hypericum calycinum, Alyssum calycinum, Melilotus alba, Arctium minus,
Potamogeton junceus (flabellatus), P. rufescens, Cuscuta Trifolit and
several Rose and Rubi. Mr. Beesley is fortunately still with us, but
Geology has of late been the especial object of his studies, and the many
valuable papers contributed by him to various scientific publications show
an intimate acquaintance with that and other branches of science. He
still retains a large herbarium and a very valuable collection of fossils,
especially of Liassic and Oolitic strata.

For some years he conducted the Science Classes with considerable
success, one of his pupils being Alfred French, whose botanical zeal was
fostered, if not formed, by the example and assistance of Mr. Beesley.

Alfred French was born at Banbury in 1839. He was by trade a
baker. In 1861 he attended Mr. Beesley’s class in Animal Physiology.
In 1863 he took a first class in Inorganic, and a bronze medal in Organic
Chemistry. In 1864 he commenced Botany, and gained a prize offered by
Mr. Beesley, for a local collection of plants, and subsequently qualified as
», teacher in Botany. Henceforwards he became an unwearied worker at
the local flora, adding many species to the lists made by Gulliver and
Beesley. The recent sub-division of many species, and the attention paid
to critical plants afforded opportunities which French seized upon. In the
study he was materially assisted by his friend Mr. E. Walford. In 1869
and 1870 he conducted Botanical classes at Banbury with a fair amount
of success. His manner as a teacher, though much marred by an indif-
ferent accent, was earnest, and commanded the attention of his pupils, but
the miserable pecuniary result was often a subject of complaint.

About this time the establishment of co-operative stores caused the loss
of much trade, and affairs looked so gloomy that he determined to sell his
business and try other means of gaining a livelihood. He succeeded
in obtaining two courses of instruction for Science teacher in London,
where he endured grim poverty, and had many dark hours. A kind
introduction to Mr. Carruthers of the British Museum, led to his being
installed as attendant in the Botanical Department where he met with
congenial employment and much kindness, from Mr. Carruthers and Dr.
Trimen. Though ordinary menial work would have devolved upon the
newest comer, it shows the estimation in which French was held, when
we find he was exempted from it, and put to the work of herbarium
arrangement and classification. For this consideration French was ex-
tremely grateful. His holidays were spent in Oxfordshire, and on one of
these occasions he found Salvia pratensis in the locality given in Sibthorp’s
Flora, and afterwards contributed a paper on its distribution in Oxford-
shire to the Journal of Botany. He gave a course of lectures on Botany
at the Polytechnic Institution which were not very successful. His health
began to give way and for two years he was subject to epileptic attacks, to
one of which he succumbed, Oct. 22, 1879, aged 40 years.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 397

He was fond of poetry, and composed some verses of no inconsiderable
merit. The following was written by him on Feb. 21, 1864:—

SONNET

On a Botanical Visit to Hanwell Plantatton.

Mid leafless trees, and rugged banks that sink

To marshy hollows, and grotesquely rise,

Strewn with last Autumn’s leaves, there meet the eyes
Fair forms that Flora fondly gives to link
Summer with Summer; there in angel guise

The milk-white snowdrop hangs its humble head,
The Eranthis peeping from the ground doth rise,
And gilds it with its thousands in a bed,

While here and there the verdant Hellebore

In little drooping clusters sweetly grows ;

The blended life and ruin hanging o’er

Th’ unwithered lengthy Harts-tongue doth repose ;
There all the winter blooms some pretty thing
That smiles with radiant promises of Spring.

In the Preface I have stated that French contemplated a Flora of
Oxfordshire, and it is there explained what amount of material he had
collected for that purpose. In addition to copying out the records in
Ray, Sibthorp, Walker, and the Banbury lists, French’s personal additions
were numerous. They include Barbarea precor, Polygala vulgaris,
Trifolium hybridum, Filago apiculata, Avcna strigosa, Atriplex erecta,
Monotropa hirsuta, Arctium intermedium, Rosa stylosa, Briggsii, Rubus
Koehleri, rudis, etc., and a large number of casuals.

In 1857, Maxwell T. Masters read a paper on the Oxfordshire Flora
before the Ashmolean Society, in which Dr. Masters has contrasted the
Floras of Yorkshire and Oxford, and put ina tabulated form the way in
which our Flora is built up’ of alien, and native plants, and the relative
percentage of Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons, etc. The principal aliens
are enumerated, and the more interesting plants mentioned.

Dr. Masters estimated the number of native plants in Oxfordshire to be
728, Denizens 29, Colonists 31, total 788, with 59 aliens and Ig incognita.
Of these 573 are Dicotyledons, 192 Monocotyledons, and 23 Ferns. As to
duration, 196 are Annuals, 36 Biennial, 481 Perennial, and 75 woody.
Their types of distribution being 502 British, 235 English, 4 Scottish,
39 Germanic, and 5 Atlantic. But 2 of the 4 Scottish Festuca
sylvatica and Polypodium Dryopteris do not occur in the county, and the
remaining two Sanguisorba officinalis and Pyrola minor are not very
characteristic types of the Scottish Flora. Of the 5 Atlantic types
Hypericum elodes is extinct. Wahlenbergia has not been found in Oxon,
398 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

and Cotyledon was probably not native; the three others are local or
doubtful.

Their place of growth is thus classified :—

Pratal and Pascual 123, Evicetal 38, Glareal 43, Uliginal and Inundatal
50, Paludal and Lacustral 134, Viatical 70, Agrestal 97, Rupestral 27,
Septal 86, Sylvestral 120.

Mr. H. Boswell’s list of Additions to the Flora of Oxfordshire com-
municated to the Phytologist in 1860, p. 99, next commands attention,
although this was actually made prior to Alfred French’s work. Mr.
Boswell’s name will be found to occur frequently in the Flora, his list of
Oxon plants made 1856-1876 being very valuable. Since that time he has
paid special attention to Bryology. His very complete list of our county
mosses will be found in the Appendix. In Phanerogams Mr. Boswell
added Vicia lathyroides, Corydalis claviculata, Agrimonia odorata,
Mentha cardiaca, Sonchus asper, Scirpus multicaulis, Carex axillaris,
C. fulea (Hornschuchiana), Aspidium angulare, Medicago sativu, Poly-
gonatum multifiorum, Orchis incarnata, ete. Papers on Mosses by
Mr. Boswell will be found in Phyt. .s. 1860, pp. 344, 369, 1861, p. 262;
Jour. Bot. 1872, p. 363, 1885, p. 3.

In 1871, Mr. W. T. Thistleton Dyer contributed an article on Oxford-
shire Plants to the Journal of Botany, p. 145, which added Ranunculus
penicillatus, R. Drouetit, Caltha Guerangerii, Draba brachycarpa and
Geum intermedium to our list.

In 1873, Mr. Watson published the first volume of Topographical
Botany or records of plant distribution through the British Isles. For
Oxfordshire Beesley’s Banbury List formed the basis, the records without
personal vouchers being taken from Sibthorp and Jalker. It appears
likely that Mr. Watson never botanized in Oxford. In Top. Bot. Potamo-
geton obtusifolius and Osmunda regalis are included in error, there being
no authority for their occurrence. The plant recorded as P. heterophyllus
is not that species, and should be omitted or queried. Orobanche major
and Polypodium Dryopteris should be omitted, our plants being Orobanche
elatior and P. calcareum. Typha angustifolia is put in on faith of a
Warwickshire locality, but it is + native of Oxford. Carex lerigata is
probably erroneous. Narcissus Pseudo Narcissus, Carpinus, Helleborus
viridis and fatidus are ‘ branded’ or ‘ bracketed.’ These should be put as
native plants. To Vinca minor a star might be attached, and Mercurialis
annua is certainly alien.

Among more recent workers may be mentioned Revs. R. F. and FE. F.
Linton, M.A., H. E. Fox, M.A., E. Fox, M.A., W. Newbould, M.A.,
F. Bennett, M.A., F. Smith, E. Marshall, J. Barnes, W. Moyle Rogers,
M.A., A. Robertson, M.A., B. D’Oyley Aplin; Messrs. F. T. Richards,
M.A., Bolton King, B.A., and H. E. Garnsey, M.A., have added much to
our county flora. Mr. King in his short sojourn in Oxford added several
plants to our list. W. Mathews, M.A., F, Westcombe, E. Walford,
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 399

O. V. Aplin, R. Rogers, W. Whitwell, W. Holliday, T. Thurland,
J. Duthie, F. Tufnail, H. Ridley, M.A., F. Arnold Lees, F.L.S., Honbl. J.
L. Warren, Lord Selborne, Mrs. Davis, Dr. Boswell (Syme), ¥'. Westell,
have also worked at various portions of the county. Miss Beatrice
Taylor’s extensive list of Fungi is given in the Appendix.

Chronological list of the Oxford Professors of Botany. The foundation
of the gardens took place July 25, 1632 :—

First Danby Professor, Robt. Morison. « 1670-1683
Jacob Bobart, Jun. : : . 1683-1719
E. Sandys )

G.Trower} * i ‘ e és 1719-1728
J. Dillenius, Sherardian Professor . £728-1747
Dr. Humphrey Sibthorp . r j « 1747-1784
John Sibthorp, Author of the Flora . : - 1784-1795
Prof. Williams . : ‘ ‘ é 1795-1834
Prof. Daubeny, M.A. : ‘ ‘ 3 . 1834-1867
Prof. Lawson . ‘ : : 3 3 . 1868-1882
Prof. I. Bayley Balfour . ‘ 1884 —
APPENDIX.

MOSSES AND HEPATICA,

CONTRIBUTED BY

HENRY BOSWELL.

pd
APPENDIX.

 

MOSSES AND HEPATICA.

THERE is little in the general aspect of Oxfordshire to commend it
at first sight to the notice of students of the smaller Cryptogamia. A
universal prospect of high cultivation, with a general absence of rocks,
waterfalls, heaths or extensive woods, suggesting little hope of mosses
for the seeker; and it must be admitted that closer inspection will
for the most part only confirm the unfavourable impression he would
have formed. During the last thirty or forty years too the increase of
drainage and cultivation has continued at an accelerated pace, and
many places once yielding good botanical prospects have been destroyed.
Shotover, the famous haunt of Oxford naturalists, has suffered great
deterioration, though a little yet remains; Bullingdon Green, once free
and open, has been ploughed and enclosed; the adjacent bog, so rich
in flowers and mosses a quarter of a century ago, is drained and yields
not much now but a wretched crop of bad corn and worse potatoes.
Of Wychwood Forest little is left and that little constantly diminishing,
many acres of pleasant woodland having been turned into a desert of
naked fields intersected by equally naked and very ugly stone walls,
and everywhere similar processes have been more or less actively going
on; nor has the builder’s assistance been wanting, many old botanising
grounds being now covered with houses. Moreover the air of the region
except in rainy autumn or mid-winter is too dry to promote the growth of
the moisture-loving tribes of mosses.

Still there is much of interest remaining, and when summer with
its flowers has gone by, plenty of work exi8ts for those who choose to
seek it about roadside walls, hedges, woods and other localities, with which
to fill up the interval from October to May, and though many botanists
are apprehensive of the supposed difficulty of the study of mosses this
difficulty will be found to diminish when the subject is resolutely ap-
proached, and the pursuit will appear full of interest and satisfaction.
Microscopes of high power and complex structure are altogether un-
necessary ; a simple instrument of moderate magnifying capacity is all

pd2
404 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

that is required, and much may be done with no further assistance than a
pocket lens.

For books on the subject, Wilson’s Bryologia Britannica, though
unfortunately out of print, may be seen in the Radcliffe Library at the
Museum, as well as the larger Bryologia Europea of Bruch and Schimper.
These works contain figures and descriptions of every detail in the struc-
ture and economy of Mosses; as a useful handbook there is none better
than Hobkirk’s Synopsis of British Mosses, Edition 2nd, and the more
advanced student can obtain Schimper’s excellent Synopsis Muscorum
Europeorwm, written in very easy Latin, while Dr. Braithwaite’s British
Moss-Flora, now in progress and partially published will present when
finished a splendid work of elaborate completeness, containing detailed
drawings and descriptions of every British species. The literature of
Hepatice is somewhat less ample and convenient than that of Mosses,
but Cooke’s illustrated Catalogue, published at trifling price by Science-
Gossip (Hardwicke), will be found very useful, and it is understood that
Dr. Carrington is about to complete his larger work, so long deferred.
Hooker’s splendid British Jungermannie will also be found in the
Radcliffe Library.

A good deal of difference of opinion exists amongst writers on the
subject of classification and arrangement. I have followed here nearly
the same order that was adopted in the ‘London Catalogue’ (1881),
which accords with Jeger’s Adumbratio Muscorum, and in essential
features with Schimper’s Synopsis, differing but little from Wilson’s
Bryologia Britannica.

It will probably be observed that the localities referred to lie mostly
in the middle portion of the county and within a limited distance from
Oxford. In fact I have but very imperfectly worked the southern ex-
tremity, and still more so the northern, I could never ascertain the
existence of a coadjutor resident in those parts, and flying visits of a
day or two by no means suffice for the thorough examination of localities,
especially in the short days of winter. It is therefore probable that many
interesting species unnoticed by me, and some additions to the following
enumeration, still await discovery in the country northwards from Wych-
wood Forest and Bicester,@md yet more especially south of Oxford in the
wooded and beautiful region about Nettlebed, Henley, and the Chiltern
Hills.

H. B.

January 1886.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 405

MUSCI.

Mosszs Prorer. Urn-Mosses of Lindley.

Division I. Acrocanpr; stems erect tufted ; fruit terminal or apical.

BRUCHIDZ.

PLEURIDIUM, Brid.
P. nitidum, Hedw. (Phascum.)

Damp ground, newly broken; not common. Winter. By Fifield
Wood near Burford; Stanton St. John; damp ride, Bagley Wood, Berks.
P. subulatum, Linn.

Sandy and gravelly banks, and in woods. April. Wychwood Forest ;
Shotover ; Wheatley ; Nuneham; Bagley Wood, Berks.

P. alternifolium, Br. & Sch.

Hedge-banks in sandy soil; rare. April. Ramsden Heath; between
Shotover and Cuddesdon, abundant in 1861 and 1862. Bagley Wood,
scarce, 1866.

WEISSIDZ.
SYSTEGIUM, Sch.

S. crispum, Hedw. (Phaseum.)
Banks and fields, very rare. Spring. Roadside between Gosford and
Weston-on-the-Green ; scarce. Mr. W. Holliday, 1861.
S. multicapsulare, Sm. (Phascum.)

Fields and banks, very rare. Spring. Grassy slope near Chilswell
Farm, Berks, very scarce, 1861.

GYROWEISSIA, Sch.
G. tenuis, Schrad. (Gymnostomum.)

Rocks and walls in damp or shady places and under herbage; rare.
June. Stones in the canal banks in several places—near Oxford, Kidling-
ton, Heyford, and Banbury ; old stone-pits in Blenheim Park.

WEISSIA, Hedw.

W. microstoma, Hedw. (Gymnostomum.)

Fields and banks on bare spots amongst grass, not common. April.
Near Stow Wood; between Shotover and Cuddesdon, with Pleuridium
alternifolium ; Bullingdon Green; Bagley Wood and Pusey in Berks.
406 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

W. viridula, Brid. (controversa, Hedw.)
Banks, ete., frequent. April. Near Islip; Bicester; Stow Wood and
Beckley ; Bayswater; Caversham Warren; Stokenchurch and Radnage ;
Bagley Wood and Pusey, Berks.

DICRANOWEISSIA, Lindb.

D. cirrhata, Hedw. (Weissia.)

Old thatch, posts, rails, etc. Very rare. April. On an old shed at
Ascott-under-Wychwood in plenty, 1879. The shed has been since
removed and the moss destroyed, and I have not found it elsewhere
in these counties. In Worcestershire it is frequent, and also in Dorset.
Its rarity here is rather remarkable. ;

DICRANELLA, Sch.

D. cerviculata, Hedw. (Dicranum.)
On turfy or peaty banks and cuttings. June, July. Bullingdon Bog,
rare; 1861; 1872.
D. varia, Hedw. (Dicranum.)
Moist banks and broken ground. October, November. Banks of the
Windrush near Minster Lovell; Bladon; Woodeaton; Wytham ; God-
stow ; Shotover Hill; Bullingdon; Sandford Lasher and Radley, Berks.

D. heteromalla, Hedw. (Dicranum.)
Sandy and gravelly banks and woods. November. Wychwood Forest ;
Headington Wick; Shotover; Stow Wood; near Goring; Caversham ;
etc. Bagley, Wootton, and Tubney, Berks.

DICRANUM, Hedw.
D. scoparium, Hedw.

Woods, gravelly heaths and banks; occasionally on old thatched roofs ;
frequent but not very commonly in fruit. July, August. Subject to
a good deal of variation in size and colour according to locality, but
we seem to have none of the named varieties.

D. palustre, Hedw.

Shady woods, wet heaths and grassy places; not frequent; no fruit.
Summer. Wychwood Forest; Eynsham Demesnes; Shotover Hill and
Plantations ; Bagley Wood and Wootton, Berks. A form with falcate
leaves is found at Wychwood.

D. majus, Turn.

Shady banks in hilly woods. July, August. Singe Wood near Hailey;
more frequent in the South of Oxon and also in Bucks; woods about
Stokenchurch, Watlington, Henley, and Wycombe. One of the largest and
handsomest British mosses.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 407

CAMPYLOPUS, Brid,
C. flexnosus, Brid.
Moist shady banks in rocky or gravelly soil; frequent in mountain
districts, rare here. April. Wychwood Forest; also Bagley Wood and
Powder Hill Copse, scarce, growing with the next species.

C. torfaceus, Br. & Sch.
C. pyriformis, Brid.
Gravelly and sandy ground amongst bushes, and on heaths and com-
mons. April. Ramsden Heath; Headington Wick Copse; Shotover
Hill; Bagley Wood, Wootton, and Cumnor, Berks. Fruits very freely.

LEUCOBRYUM, Hampe.
L. glaucum, Linn. (Bryum.)

Moist heaths, moors, and shady woods. April. Rare here, and not
fruiting; the foliage continues unchanged till frost. "Woods near Nettle-
bed, Sibthorp about 1790, and plentiful there in 1859, 1866 ; Woods near
Goring, 1877 ; Powder Hill Copse near Cumnor, very scarce.

The late Mr. Baxter told me about 1860 that this moss had existed
in Bagley Wood twenty years before, but I sought in vain for it. Like
some others it seems exterminated in that place.

CERATODON, BPrid.
C. purpurens, Linn. (Bryum.)

Tops of old walls, banks, and gravelly heaths, also on thatched roofs ;
frequent. April. Less common than in some counties; generally the
commonest of mosses, next to Funaria, and like that found all over
the world.

Seligeria pusilla should be found on the chalk in the south of the county;
it occurs in similar situations in Bedfordshire, whence it has been sent by
Mr. Saunders, and probably it exists in the south of Oxfordshire though
hitherto I have not met with it.

FISSIDENS, Hedw.
F. exilis, Hedw. (?)
F. Bloxami, Wils.
Shady banks and sides of woods in clayey soil; either rare or overlooked
from its minuteness. February, March. Stockley Wood near Asthalleigh ;
Tar Wood ; Watereaton Copse ; borders of Bagley Wood and Pusey Wood,

Berks.
F. pusillus, Wils.

F. viridulus, var. pusillus, Bryol. Brit.
Hedge-banks and bushy places, on stones and earth; rare, February,
March. Roadside near Hailey ; rough banks above the Windrush near
Witney.
408 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

F. viridulus, var. fontanus, Wils.
F. fontanus & F. crassipes, Wils. olim.
On stones in sluices and falling water. October, November. Sluice in
the Windrush near Witney; side of the Canal near Heyford and Kid-
lington ; by the Botley Road ; about Sandford Lasher, large and fine.

F. incurvus, Schwg., W. & M.

Banks of clay or sand in thickets, groves, and about sides of woods.
February. Wychwood Forest; Ditchley Park; Tar Wood; Noke;
Watereaton; near Stokenchurch; also Bagley, Wytham, Cumnor, and
Buckland, Berks.

F. bryoides, Hedw.

Sandy and gravelly soil in woods and hedges, and about decaying
stumps. February, March. Wychwood Forest; Ditchley Park ; Bletch-
ingdon; Watereaton; Shotover, etc. Always found rather sparingly
though less rare than some of the foregoing. F. inconstans Schimp. Synops.
seems a form of this.

F. adiantoides, (Hedw.) Br. & Sch.
F. majus, Mitt.
Bogs; wet grassy ground. October, November. Wychwood Forest;
Weston-on-the-Green ; Headington Wick ; Shotover ; Bullingdon. The
largest of our species, sometimes growing to a length of three or four

inches.
F. decipiens, De Not.

F. rupestris, Wils. F. adiantoides, (Hedw.) Mitt.

Rocky or stony banks, etc., rare or overlooked as a small form of the
last, which it much resembles. Holton Stone Pits; near Stokenchurch ;
barren. Mr. Mitten in the Journ. Linn. Soc. asserts this to be the F. adian-
toides of Hedwig, instead of the last species which has so long been taken
as such. /. cristatus, Wils. from India seems to be identical with this.

P. taxifolius, (Linn.)

Moist shady banks, woods and groves, especially in a clay soil. Decem-
ber to February. Wychwood Forest; Ditchley Park; Gravehill Wood
near Bicester; Shotover; Headington Wick; Stokenchurch; Wytham
Woods, etc.

POTTIDE.
PHASCUM, Linn.
P. serratum, Schreb.
Ephemerum, Hampe.

Shady banks and fallows in light soil, especially sandy. Winter.
Stockley Wood, near Asthalleigh; between Shotover and Cuddesdon ;
Nuneham ; borders of Bagley Wood. Allied in structure to Funaria.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 409

P. Flerkeanum, W. & M.
Microbryum, Schpr.

Fallow ground in fields and on banks; rare. October, November.
Potato ground, side of road between Wolvercote and Yarnton; W. Holli-
day and H. B., 1867. Its extreme minuteness may cause this plant to be
overlooked and hence seem more rare than it really is.

P. muticum, Schreb.

Sandy ground in sheltered spots by woods and hedges; not common.
November. Stockley Wood near Asthalleigh; between Shotover and
Cuddesdon ; Chilswell Hills and Wootton, Berks. Tufted, hence much
more readily seen than the last.

P. cuspidatum, Schreb.
Fallow fields, roadside banks, newly turned soil; common. Winter.

P. bryoides, Dicks.

Fallow fields, banks, etc., rare. Winter. Fields near Headington Wick
Copse and Stow Wood; wall top, Iffey. This seems a connecting link
between Phascum and the next genus to which some late writers re-
move it, but the lid seems to be scarcely separable.

POTTIA, Ebrh.
P. minutula, Br. & Sch.
Banks and fallow fields, occasionally. Winter. Witney; Minster
Lovell ; Hampton Poyle; Cumnor Hill, etc. It came up in great abun-
dance on the new-made banks of the river below Godstow in 1861.

P. truncata, Linn. (Gymnostomum.)

Newly exposed soil in moist and shaded places, not uncommon. Winter.
Wychwood ; Watereaton; Iffey ; Headington, ete.

P. intermedia, (Turn.)
P. truncata, B, major, Bryol. Brit.
Old walls and banks, not common. February. Cowley; Garsington ;

Wheatley ; Hincksey.
P. lanceolata, Dicks.

Anacalypta, Roehl. ; Bry. Brit.

Turfy old walls and banks in light soil in shady places; frequent.
February. Wychwood Forest; Noke; Watereaton; Kirtlington; Stan-
ton St. John; Shotover Plantations; Holton Stone Pits; Stokenchurch ;
Botley and Hincksey, Berks.

LEPTODONTIUM, Hampe.
L. flexifolium, Hook. & Tayl. (Didymodon.)
Gravelly heathy spots in woods, and barren moorlands, rare. February.
410 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Not in Oxfordshire apparently, but plentiful about Bagley Wood and
Wootton in Berks. Its true affinities are certain Indian and South
American species, not such plants as our D, rubellus and luridus, which
rather pertain to Trichostomum. It should occur in the Nettlebed region.

EUCLADIUM, Sch.
E. verticillatum, Linn. (Weissia.)

Sluices and dripping places in limestone banks and rocks; rare here.
June. By the spring in Wychwood Forest; by the Windrush near
Witney; banks of the Canal near Kidlington and Heyford.

LEPTOTRICHUM, Hampe.

L. flexicaule, Hampe.
Trichostomum, Hook. & Tayl.; Ditrichum, Hampe.
Dry limestone banks, calcareous rocks; the fruit unknown in Britain.

Wychwood Forest ; St. Kitt?s Quarries, Burford ; Stonesfield, on debris of
quarries; Holton Stone Pits; near Stokenchurch.

TRICHOSTOMUM, Sm.

T. rubellum, C. Mull. (Didymodon, Br. & Sch.)
Weissia curvirostris, H. & T.

Shady old walls, banks, stones ; occasionally on thatch and about trees.
October, November. Wychwood; Yarnton; Kirtlington; Iffley and
Rose Hill; Headington Wick Copse; Stanton St. John, etc. Buckland,
and Wytham, Berks.

T. luridum.
Didymodon turidus, Hornsch.

Caleareous walls, apparently rare throughout Britain: not fertile in
Oxon as yet. Winter. Ascott-under-Wychwood; near Hailey; Witney;
Headington Hill; Sandford Lasher; Cumnor. Always scanty, and
apparently all male plants.

T. crispulum, Bruch.
Limestone rocks and banks, chiefly near the sea, where it forms dense
tufts. It occurs in single plants, scattered among grass at Holton Stone
Pits and may perhaps be found some time in the Stokenchurch region.

T. tophaceum, Brid.
Wet and dripping walls and banks of streams. Fruit November to
February. Near Witney; Canal banks; Bullingdon Bog; roadside,
Headington Hill near the new reservoir, 1880, ’81, fruiting copiously.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 4II

TORTULA, Hedw.

Barbula, Br. & Sch.
T. cavifolia, Ehrh. (Pottia.)
On walls capped with mud. Winter. One of the characteristic mosses
_ of this and the neighbouring counties, occurring in great profusion wher-
ever the walls have been capped with the oolitic mud from the roads, but
requiring fresh soil it is seldom constant to a place beyond one season.

T. lamellata, Lindb.
Pottia cavifolia, 5, gracilis, Wils. Bry. Brit.
In similar situations to the last, but rather less frequent. Distinguished
by its greater height and more tufted habit. October to February.
Bicester ; Noke ; Wheatley ; Witney ; Iffley, etc.

T. rigida, Schultz.
T. stellata, Braith. Moss-Flora.

In similar situations to the last two. Winter. More robust and with a
conspicuous strongly twisted, bright scarlet peristome. In very wet
summers it appears as early as August, but generally not till: November.
Salford; Charlbury; Witney ; Noke; Headington; Wheatley; Bampton;
Standlake. Berks and Bucks,

T. ambigua, Br. & Sch.

In similar situations, and often growing in company with the last; also
descending the sides of walls with T. muralis. Winter. A little larger
than rigida, the capsule quite cylindrical, the peristome shorter and less
twisted, the calyptra scarcely descending below the lid.

T. aloides, Koch.

Old turfy walls and embankments, gravelly banks, and on clay.
Winter. Not so frequent as the last two about Oxford. Habit more
tufted, leaves more acute pointed, capsule inclined. Islip and Noke;
Kirtlington ; Ditchley; Rose Hill; Shotover Plantations. More frequent
in the Witney district; Hailey, etc.

T. unguiculata, Hedw.

Gravelly banks, old walls, etc., very common and somewhat variable.
Winter. Var. obtusifolia, canal bank near Wolvercote.

T. fallax, Hedw.

Walls, banks, broken ground either clay or calcareous; not very com-
mon, and rare in fruit. Varies much in size and habit. Winter. Near
Islip and Bicester; railway bank between Witney and Bampton; sides of
drains at Stow Wood; Bullingdon; Shotover Hill. Var. brevifolia,
gravel-pits near Bagley Wood and near Faringdon, Berks.
412 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

T. vinealis, Brid.

Dry caledreous walls, frequent and sometimes in abundance, but rare in
fruit. April, May. On Magdalen Bridge, before the widening ; roadside
Headington Hill; Cumnor Hill, Berks. The pale green foliage of the
barren plant is very conspicuous in winter, but as summer approaches it
gradually becomes brown.

'™, Hornschuchiana, Schultz. ;
Calcareous walls; rare. April. Roadside near Noke in some plenty,
1860. Wheatley 1869 ; Hincksey 1872, 1874.

T. rigidula, (Dicks.) Hook. & Tayl.
Trichost. rigidulum, B, densum, Wils.

Walls and stones, rare. Autumn. About Witney, Asthalleigh, and
Burford, 1877; Wall by Singe Wood; old quarries in Wychwood Forest,
1879.

e T. revoluta, Schwegr.

On calcareous walls, frequent. April. Charlbury; Witney; Heading-
ton Hill; Shotover; Wheatley; Forest Hill, etc. Hincksey and Cumnor,
Berks.

T. convoluta, Hedw.

Calcareous walls and banks. April. Heyford; Kirtlington; Islip ;_
Noke; Shotover; Wheatley; Bessilsleigh, Hincksey, and Cumnor, Berks.
Readily known from the last species by the longer fruitstalk which is of a
pale yellow throughout, like that of Leptodontium flexifolium.

T. sinuosa, (Wils.) Lindb.
Dicranella sinuosa, Wils. MS.
Didymodon, Schpr. Synops.

Foot of walls in loose gravelly soil; stones; wall tops, and about the
bases of trees. Winter. Hanwell near Banbury; very scarce about
Oxford; larger and more frequent about Witney ; hedge-banks and sides
of woods near Stokenchurch, Wycombe, and Henley ; Sunningwell, Berks.
A very curious moss, only found barren; ‘c'est un beaw Didymodon, Dr.
Schimper, in lit, 1870.

T. inclinata, Schwagr.

Caleareous banks. Winter or Spring. Amongst grass on dry banks,
Holton Stone Pits, 1872, 1873. Barren, scarce; not unlike 7’. unguiculata
in aspect. As far as I can ascertain the only locality yet known for this
moss in Britain.

T. tortuosa, Linn.

On limestone walls and rocks. Rare here and not found in fruit.
Spring. Walls at Asthalleigh and Widford near Burford, in fine large
tufts.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 413

T. squarrosa, Prid.
Limestone banks and sandy-seashores. Scattered single plants occurred
at Holton, with Trichost. crispulum, and Tort. inclinata, a very un-
expected find, in 1872, 3, and 6.

T. subulata, Linn.

Sandy hedge-banks ; about trees and old walls. Spring. Rare here.
Wychwood Forest; Shotover; Stow Wood; Headington Wick; near
Henley. Foxcombe Hill and Pusey, Berks. Formerly abundant in
Shotover Plantations, but almost destroyed by clearings about 1865.

T. muralis, Linn.

On walls, either brick or stone, abundant and common. April. All
through the early months of the year its numerous yellow stalks make it
conspicuous. Var. rupestris, about Wychwood Forest in several places ;
between Shotover and Cuddesdon, on dry stone walls.

T. marginata, Br. & Sch.

Shady damp walls, earth covered stones; rare. May, June. Near the
church at Great Tew, in some abundance. Edges of beds in the Botanic
Garden. Magd. Coll. Groves. Hincksey; Sunningwell, Mr. Holliday.
Smaller and more delicate than the last, and fruiting later.

©. latifolia, Br. & Sch.

Roots of trees, rotten wood, and stones by rivers; rare, and very rare
in fruit. May. On one or two willows by the Cherwell, here and there ;
by the Evenlode near Stonesfield and Ascott, plentiful, sparingly in fruit ;
stone embankment, Christ Church Meadow, 1880. Wytham, Berks.

T. levipila, Brid.

Trunks of trees; sometimes on detached rocks. May. In Wychwood
Forest; Witney; Blenheim Park; on willows by the Cherwell and
Thames occasionally,—as Islip, Godstow, and Nuneham. Also on old
orchard trees, as at Kidlington and Buckland.

T. intermedia, Brid.
T. ruralis, B, rupestris, Wils.
On dry calcareous walls and rocks. April. Near Burford; Witney;
Hailey; Islip; Noke; Kirtlington, ete. Cumnor, Berks.
T. ruralis, Linn.

Common on thatch, growing very large. April. On Sandy banks
near Stow Wood. The capsules are often blighted by March frosts.

T. papillosa, Wils.
Trunks of trees, rare. Fruit unknown in Europe but found in Australia.
Orchard trees, Witney; Mr. Westell. On elms Kennington, Berks, Mr.
Holliday. Abundant by the Ouse near Buckingham; H. B.
414 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

GRIMMIDZ.

CINCLIDOTUS, Beauv.
C. fontinaloides, Beauv.

Attached to trees and stones in streams, April. River Evenlode
near Ascott; Cherwell near Islip and Sparsey Bridge; Thames near
Godstow; Sandford; Nuneham. Stems 3 or 4 inches long with numerous
capsules.

GRIMMIA, Ehrh.
G. apocarpa, Hedw.

On stones and stone walls, occasionally. March. Heyford; Witney ;

Eynsham ; Shotover ; Islip; Hincksey ; Cumnor, etc.

G. Pulvinata, Dill.
Stone walls, roofs, ete. Common. March, April. In conspicuous
grey-green cushions.

G. orbicularis, Br. & Sch.
Calcareous walls and rocks; rare. February. Cummor and Buckland,
Berks. Sought unsuccessfully in Oxfordshire hitherto, but it ought to be
found.

Racomitrium canescens is recorded by Sibthorp as occurring at
Shotover in the latter part of the last century, but seems to have dis-
appeared by the middle of this. I could find no trace of it in 1856 and
subsequent years, and it is probably quite lost to us.

ZYGODON, Hook. & Tayl.

Z. viridissimus, (Dicks.)
Trunks of trees, not very common; fruit rare. April. Between Ban-
bury and Bodicote; Blenheim Park; Bladon; Wychwood Forest; Witney;
Eynsham; Yarnton; Watereaton; Marston. Wytham, Pusey, and Buck-

land, Berks.
ULOTA, Mohr.

U. intermedia, Schpr.

Trunks of trees in shady woods; rare. June, July, Wychwood
Forest ; Stokenchurch woods; near Nettlebed and Ipsden; Bagley Wood.
Very scarce here and small in growth as compared with specimens from
Westmoreland or Scotland. It seems most widely spread throughout
Britain of the group to which it belongs, and is often misnamed crispa or
Bruchit by young collectors.

ORTHOTRICHUM, Hedw.
0. saxatile, Brid.; Wood in Phytologist, 1860.
O. anomalun, Bryol. Brit.
Caleareous walls an rocks; frequent. April. Woodstock; Bladon;
Witney; Stonesfield; Islip and Noke; Shotover. Hincksey, Cumnor,
and Buckland, Berks. The true 0. axnomalum of Bryol. Europ. has sixteen
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 415

rib on the capsule instead of eight, and is found only on igneous rocks in
the north.
O. cupulatum, Hoffm.

Limestone rocks, walls, roofs, and bridges. April. Ascott-under-
Wychwood, fine; Witney; Forest Hill; Littlemore; Cowley ; Hincksey.
Var. nudum near Sparsey Bridge. Less frequent than the last, liking a
greater amount of shade and moisture.

O. obtusifolinm, Schrad.
Tree-trunks, rare. No fruit in Britain. On ash trees near Godstow,
scarce; mixed with O. tenellum and diaphanum: 1878.

O. tenellum, Bruch.
On trees, rare. * May, June. Willows by the Cherwell in several places,
but scarce ; by the Thames near Godstow and Botley; ash trees Rousham
and near Wytham and Godstow.

O. affine, Schrad.

On trees, especially in woods and by streams, rather frequent and some-
times plentiful. June, July. Windrush Valley; Cherwell Valley;
Nuneham ; Stokenchurch and Henley; Bagley Wood, Pusey, Buckland,
etc.

O. diaphanum, Schrad.

On trees; willows by streams, hedge-row elms, ete., frequent; also

occasionally on stone walls. March, April.

0. Lyellii, H. & T.

Trunks of trees, chiefly oaks in large shady woods ; rare in fruit. June,
July. Wychwood Forest; Singe Wood; Coggs; Bladon; Hell Copse,
Stanton St. John; Nuneham; Stokenchurch; Bagley, Pusey, and very
fine at Aldermaston, Berks.

O. leiocarpum, Br. & Sch.
Trees ; rare and always sparingly. March. Wychwood Forest; Bladon
Woods; Bullingdon ; Stokenchurch ; Henley; Bagley Wood.

CALYMPERIDZ.

ENCALYPTA, Schreb.
E. vulgaris, Hedw.
E. extinctoria, L.

Old walls, banks, etc., chiefly such as are calcareous; frequent. March,
April. Heyford; Woodstock; Witney; Chipping Norton; Islip; Bays-
water ; Shotover, etc. Hincksey and Cumnor, Berks.

E. streptocarpa, Hedw.

Calcareous banks, limestone or mortared bridges, especially over streams.
Spring. Much more rare and without fruit. Near Kirtlington; old
416 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

quarries in Wychwood and near Burford ; Asthalleigh ; debris of quarries
at Stonesfield ; Holton Stone Pits.

SPLACHNIDZ.
SPLACHNUM, Linn.

S. ampullaceum, Hedw.

In bogs and heaths, often on decayed cow-dung. May. Headington
Wick about 1790; Sibth. Flora Oxon. Between Pusey and Buckland,
Berks, scarce, 1860. J.S. Milne & H.B.

FUNARID&.
PHYSCOMITRIUM, Brid.
P. pyriforme, (Linn.)

Moist ditches and muddy banks. April. Near Witney; Binsey Lane;
Islip; south side of Shotover Hill, etc. Not very common. Sometimes
abundant on mud left by floods, as about Port Meadow in 1861, when
it appeared in thousands.

FUNARIA, Schreb.
F. hygrometrica, Linn. (Brywm.)

Walls, banks, waste ground, especially where it has been burnt; very
common. April. Found all over the world: ‘omnium muscorum vulga-
tissimum.’ Its peristome an excellent and favourite microscopic object.

BARTRAMIDA.
BARTRAMIA, Hedw.

B. pomiformis, Linn.
Dry shady sandy banks; rare. April, May. Side of Bagley Wood,
very scarce. 1858-1884. Should be found in the south of Oxon.

PHILONOTIS, Brid.
P. fontana, Linn. (Bryum.)
Bartramia, Bryol. Brit.
Wet places, near springs, etc., rare here. June. Eynsham Demesnes ;
south side of Shotover Hill; north side of same; Bagley Wood.
P. calcarea, Br. & Sch.
Bartramia, Bryol. Brit.
Wet places, bogs, and springs, chiefly in limestone; rarely fruiting.
June. Bullingdon with numerous perigonia and one capsule, 1861. Since

almost entirely destroyed. Streamlet in Wychwood Forest, with Mntum
afine. Sluices by the Canal near Yarnton.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 417

BRYOIDEZ.
BRYUM, Dill.
B. pyriforme, Linn.
Leptobryum, Sch.

Sandy banks, walls, etc. Comes up occasionally in greenhouse pots, but
seems not indigenous in Oxon, though I have found it in Worcestershire.

B. nutans, Schreb.
Heaths; sandy ground among bushes, ete. April, May. Wychwood
Forest; Shotover Hill; Buckland, Berks; near Cumnor, Mr. Holliday.
A moorland species, rare here,

B. carneum, Linn.
Moist banks in clay soil. March, April. By the Windrush near
Minster Lovell ; Godstow ; Shotover Hill and Plantations; Bullingdon ;
near Stow Wood; Sandford Lasher, etc.

B. albicans, Wahl.
Wet banks and ditches, dripping rocks. May. Very rare here, and
barren. Shotover Hill, 1858, but destroyed since. Stone embankment
in Ch. Ch. Meadow, 1883 ; detected by Mr. Garnsey.

B. pendulum, Hornsch.

Walls, rocks, gravelly banks, etc. Sometimes with B. cespiticium ;
rare here. May. Banks of the Canal and Cherwell in a few places,
growing among stones and turf, always sparingly.

B. inclinatum, Swartz.

Walls, banks, decaying trunks of trees. May. Roadside between Gos-
ford and Weston ; near Heyford ; decaying willow by the Cherwell near
Sparsey Bridge; walls at Coombe; side of railway between Witney and
Bampton, growing near Tortula fallax.

B. uliginosum, Bruch.

Wet places, near rills, ete.; rare. July. Field by the Cherwell near
Park Town, 1860, H. B. Near Cumnor, 1861, Mr. Holliday.

B. intermedium, W. & M.
Old walls, sandy banks, etc. June to December. Rare here; shady
old wall at Rose Hill, with B. capillare and Trichost. rubellum, 1860.
North side of Shotover Hill, scarce ; 1883.

B. bimum, Schreb.

Marshy places, bogs, etc. May, June. Bogs at Bullingdon, Heading-
ton Wick, and Stow Wood; old timber in the Cherwell near King’s
Mill.

EE
418 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

B. cuspidatum, Sch.
B. bimum, var. cuspidatum, Wils.

Shady walls in damp situations; rare. June. Side of the Canal near
Yarnton, 1861, A critical and difficult species.

B. torquescens, Br. & Sch.
Shady walls, banks, and rocks; rare. May, June. Bridges over the
Canal near Wolvercote and Kirtlington, scarce. Very like B. capillare,
but leaves scarcely twisted ; inflorescence different.

B. erythrocarpum, Schwg.
B. sangwinewm, Ludw.

Sandy banks, heathy ground; rare. June, July. North side of Shot-
over Hill with B. turbinatwm, very sparingly, 1883. This again is a
species of the moorlands.

B. murale, Wils.

Limestone walls and banks; rare. May, June. Banks of the Canal
in two or three spots between Oxford and Kirtlington; old walls at
Wheatley ; Cumnor and Hincksey, Berks. The deep red or dark purple
capsules at once distinguish it from B. cespiticium, and it is somewhat
smaller in all its parts.

B. atropurpureum, W. & M.
Walls, banks, roadsides ; frequent. April. Wychwood Forest ; Witney ;

Islip; Noke; Elsfield; Iffey; Bessilsleigh, Cumnor, and Hincksey,
Berks. Smaller and earlier than B. murale,

B. cespiticium, Linn.

Walls, roofs, banks; common. April, May. Sometimes takes posses-
sion of a length of wall, when its numerous bright red fruitstalks are
very conspicuous in the spring sunshine. Curious varieties now and then
occur, resembling other species rather than ordinary ccespiticiwm in general
aspect.

B. argenteum, Linn.

Walls, roofs, banks, etc.; common. November. Var. majus, rain
spout, Friar’s Entry, 1860. Easily distinguished by its silvery-green
colour.

B. capillare, Linn.

Walls, rocky banks, sides of woods, trunks of trees, thatched roofs ;
common. May. Like other common species varying in size and aspect,
according to situation. A thatched barn may sometimes be seen covered
with it, and it then has a very striking appearance.

B. pallens, Swartz.
Wet banks and near springs or ditches. July. Rare with us. By
the river near Godstow, and in the Canal bank in two or three places,
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 419

barren; Shotover Hill in fine fruit. Foliage usually of a fine rosy-pink
colour.
B. turbinatum,’ Hedw.

Wet gravelly and sandy ground, and old peat-pits where the soil has
been dug; rare. May, June. Bullingdon Bogs, 1858, 1868, but now
nearly destroyed; Shotover Hill, fine. Near the Hincksey Rifle-butts.
Foliage as red as in the last.

B. pseudotriquetrum, Hedw.

Bogs, wet moors and banks. June, July. Rare here, preferring more
mountainous regions. Headington Wick; Bullingdon ; Wychwood ;
Weston, Mr. Holliday. A robust dark-hued species, more frequent
amongst the mountains. Very variable in size, etc.

B. roseum, Schreb.

Shady banks in open woods and heaths; rare. Winter. Stockley Wood ;
Singe Wood near Hailey ; Stow Wood ; Headington Wick Copse ; Shot-
over Hill. No fruit, but the stellated clusters of leaves sometimes an
inch in diameter. One of the most remarkable of our mosses: it has
several close allies in the tropics, forming a very well marked group.

MNIUM, Linn.
M. affine, Bland.
Wet heaths, bogs, springy places. May. Stream in Wychwood Forest
with abundant perigonia ; bogs under Bullingdon and Headington Wick,
and a few other places, but without fruit.

M. cuspidatum, Hedw.
‘Shotover Plantations’ (about 1790), Sibth. Flor. Oxon., but probably
his plant was the next species, not then well discriminated. Buckland,
Berks, 1860, 1862, J.8. Milne and H.B. Ihave not found it yet in

Oxon.
M. rostratum, Schwg.

Shady banks, borders of woods and rocks. April. Shotover Planta-
tions, 1860, 1865. Headington Wick; near Watereaton,

M. undulatum, Hedw.
Moist shady grassy banks and sides of woods, frequent but rare in fruit.
April. Cornbury Park; near Hailey and Witney; Ditchley ; Watereaton
Copse; Shotover Hill and Plantations ; Stokenchurch Woods; Cumnor

and Pusey, Berks. :
M. hornum, Linn.

Shady banks, woods and copses. April. Wychwood Forest ; Shotover
Hill and Plantations ; Stokenchurch Woods. Bagley Wood, Wootton, and
Cumnor, Berks. Its rarity near Oxford is remarkable.

Ee2
420 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

M. punctatum, Hedw.

Wet banks, drains in woods, on clay or heavy soil ; very rare in Oxon.
February, March. Headington Wick Copse; Shotover Plantations ;
Bagley Wood and Wytham, Berks.

AULACOMNION, Schwg.
A. palustre, Linn. (Brywm.)

Turfy bogs and wet grassy heaths. May, June. Wychwood Forest ;
north side of Shotover Hill (1860, 1870, 1884) ; near Wootton and Childs-
well Farm, Berks. Scarce and barren; apparently approaching extinction
as drainage progresses.

TETRAPHIDE.

TETRAPHIS, Hedw.

T. pellucida, (Linn.) Georgia, Ehrh.

About roots of trees and decaying stumps in woods and rocky banks.
Rare. August. On old stumps of trees, Shotover Plantations (Sibth.
1790), Shotover Hill (H. B. 1860), but scarcely to be found now. Should
occur in some of the woods to the South. In Berks, near Virginia Water,
fine.

POLYTRICHID.

ATRICHUM, Beauv.

A, undulatum, Linn. (Bryum.)

Common in shady woods and damp thickets, especially over clay ; fruit
abundant. November, December. Wychwood; Ditchley; Noke ; Shot-
over; Grave Hill Wood; Nuneham; Goring, ete.

POGONATUM, Beauv.

P. nanum, Neck. (subrotundwm, Huds.)
Moist shady banks on sand and gravel. November. Ramsden Heath ;
Eynsham Demesnes; Shotover Hill; Bagley Wood. The length of the

fruitstalk varies greatly.
P. aloides, Hedw.

In similar situations to the last, often growing with or near it. Novem-
ber, December. Wychwood Forest ; Shotover ; near Henley and Nettlebed ;
Bagley Wood. Var. minus, Bagley Wood and near Wootton.

POLYTRICHUM, Linn.
P. formosum, Hedw.
P. attenuatum, Menz.

In woods and on shady heaths. May, June. Wychwood Forest; Coggs
Wood; Bladon ; Stow Wood; Shotover; Coombe Wood ; Nuneham; near
Stokenchurch; Nettlebed and Goring. Frequent in Berks also.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 421

P, juniperinum, Hedw.

Gravelly soil in woods, heaths, ete. April, May. Ramsden Heath ;

Shotover ; Bagley Wood and Wootton, Berks.
P. piliferum, Schreb.

In similar places and often found growing near the last species. Rare
here. April, May. Wychwood; Shotover; Bagley and Wootton. These
two are plants of the moors.

P. commune, Linn.

Bogs, wet moors and peaty places. June. Formerly fine at Shotover,
but destroyed by drainage about 1861. Wychwood Forest, scarce, 1870,
1875. Near Wootton, Berks, 1863, 1871, with Sphagnum. A species
already or soon to be lost to us.

Division II. PLevrocarpi; stems prostrate or creeping, pinnately
branched ; fruit lateral on the stem or branches.

FONTINALIDE.
FONTINALIS, Dill.
F. antipyretica, Linn,
Frequent in the Thames, Cherwell, Windrush and other streams, often

attaining a great size but apparently always barren in running water,
fruiting only in lakes and ponds. June.

CRYPHIDG.
CRYPHGA, Mohr.

C. heteromalla, Hedw.

Trunks of trees, not very common. April. Wychwood ; Kirtlington ;
Eynsham; Noke; edge of Bullingdon Green; Nuneham; near Stoken-
church ; in Pusey Wood, and very fine on laurels at Buckland, Berks.

LEUCODONTID&.

LEUCODON, Schwg.
L. sciuroides, Linn. (Hypnum.)
Trunks of trees, rarely on stones; barren; not unfrequent on hedge-row

eims and other trees; stone walls near Witney and Wheatley ; willows
by the Cherwell, and near Standlake ; seeming never to bear fruit here.

ANTITRICHIA, Brid.
A. curtipendula, Linn. (Hypnum.)

Rocks, walls, and trunks of trees, chiefly in mountainous districts, rare
here. Stokenchurch Woods, 1861. Bagley Wood, plentifully fruiting,
422 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Mr. Baxter about 1845, but in 1860 and 1862 it had almost disappeared,
and I could only find a few barren patches, adhering closely to the trunks
of trees,
NECKERAD A.
NECKERA, Hedw.
N. pumila, Hedw.
Trees in woods, not common; fruit rare. October, November. Wych-

wood Forest; Orchards, Witney, Mr. Westell; Woods near Henley,
Stokenchurch and Wycombe, but always scarce.

N. crispa, Linn.

Mountain rocks in calcareous districts, and about trees in woods.
April. Rare here. Woods near Goring, Streatley, Henley and Stoken-
church ; barren.

N. complanata, Linn.

In hedges and woods, about roots of trees, stones and walls, frequent
but rarely fruiting. November, December. Fruit in plenty at Tully-
bushes in Wychwood Forest, 1872; Stokenchurch Woods more scarce,
1862, 1866. Bagley Wood, Berks.

HOMALIA, Brid.
(Omatia.)
H. trichomanoides, Schreb.

Borders of woods, about trees, etc. October, November. Wychwood
Forest ; Bruern Woods; Grave Hill Wood, Bicester; Copses near God-
stow ; Elsfield; Headington Wick; Stokenchurch. Though less common
than the last it is more frequently found in fruit, owing to the monoicous
inflorescence.

LESKIDA.
LESKEA, Hedw.
L. polycarpa, Ehrh.
About roots and trunks of trees, chiefly where liable to floods; fruiting

copiously. June, July. Banks of the Thames, Cherwell, Windrush,
Evenlode, etc. in various places.

ANOMODON, Hook.

A. viticulosus, Linn. (Hypnum.)

About the base of stone walls and trees in calcareous districts, frequent.
Winter. Fruit rare. Wychwood; Langford Lane; Stanton St. John;
Stokenchurch, near Cumnor, Berks.

THUIDIUM, Schpr.
T. tamariscinum, Hedw. (Hypnum.)

Woods and copses, abundant. Winter. Fruit rare. Stockley Wood ;
Watereaton Copse ; Headington Wick Copse; near Henley.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 423

T. abietinum, Linn,

Limestone banks, chalk-hills and mountain fir-woods ; rare and barren
in Britain. Dillenius records it ‘ in collibus pone Hincksey,’ but I have
sought it in vain thereabouts. Holton Stone Pits, 1865, 1873, 1885, in
some plenty. Should be found on the chalk in the Chiltern country.

AYPNID&.

CLIMACIUM, Brid.
C. dendroides, Linn. (Hypnum).

Bogs, marshes, wet moors and meadows. November. Near Bullingdon
and Stow Wood; between Buckland and Pusey. Scarce and barren,
apparently dying out, like so many of our marsh plants.

THAMNIUM, Schpr.
T. alopecurum, Linn. (Hypnwm.)

Moist shady woods and copses, frequent and not rarely in fruit.
Winter. When within reach of woodland streamlets it assumes very large
size, and then is seldom fertile.

ISOTHECIUM, Brid.
I. myurum.
(ZZ. curvatum, Turn.)

Woods, not unfrequent. November, December. Wychwood Forest;
Bruern Woods; Ditchley; Grave Hill Wood, fine; Stanton St. John;
near Watlington, Stokenchurch, and Henley.

HOMALOTHECIUM, Schpr.
H. sericeum, Linn. (Hypnum.)

Trunks of trees, walls, very common. Winter. Fruit comparatively
scarce and apparently mostly on stone.

CAMPTOTHECIUM, Schpr.

C. lutescens, Huds. (Hypnum.)

Shady banks, limestone rocks and quarries, frequent, but rarely fruiting.
November, December. Near Witney, in plentiful fruit; near Stoken-
church ; Bagley Wood, a few capsules.

BRACHYTHECIUM, Schpr.
B. salebrosum, Hoffm. (Hypnwm.)

Grassy sandy banks, and on trees; rare. November. Near Kirt-
lington and Woodstock, 1864; W. Holliday. Between Witney and
Ducklington, 1870; F. Westell and H. B.
424 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

B. glareosum, Br. & Sch.
Grassy banks, woods, ete. November. Wychwood Forest; Coggs
Wood ; Stow Wood and Noke; Stokenchurch ; Bagley and Pusey, Berks.
Frequent, but never with fruit, hitherto.

B. albicans, Neck.
Sandy banks; thatched roofs; rare in fruit. November. Thatch at
Witney, Hailey, Coggs, Eynsham, Asthalleigh; Botley ; Headington, etc.
Less frequent about Oxford and eastward than in the Witney district.

B. velutinum, L. (Hypnum.)
Woods and copses, hedges, etc., about old stumps. November, De-
cember to February. Wychwood; Stow Wood; Shotover, etc., etc.
Frequent but never abundant,

B. rutabulum, Linn, (Hypnum.)
Banks, trees, walls, etc., common. Winter. Var. longisetum, Bul-
lingdon; Bagley. Var. robustum, Shotover Hill; Bagley. Many forms
oceur, scarcely to be referred to definite varieties.

B. populeum, Hedw.

Trunks of trees and stones. Winter. Remarkably rare. One tree in
Wytham Wood, 1859, H. B. Headington Copse, 1884, Mr. Garnsey.

EURHYNCHIUM, Schpr.
E. myosuroides, Linn, (Hypnum.)
Isothectum, Bryol. Brit.

About trees in woods, and rocky banks. November. Wychwood
Forest ; Coggs Wood near Witney ; Grave Hill Wood, Bicester ; Stoken-
church.

E. striatum, Schreb. (Hypnuin.)

Woods and shady banks, frequent but not common in fruit. November,
December. Wychwood Forest; Coggs Wood; Grave Hill Wood ; Head-
ington Wick; Noke Wood; near Watlington, Stokenchurch, and Henley.
Cumnor Hill and Pusey Wood, Berks.

E. crassinervium, Tayl.

Stones, walls and rocks in shady places. November. Hanwell near
Banbury; Asthalleigh; Witney; about Sandford Lasher. Scarce, and
without fruit.

E. piliferum, Schreb.

Grassy woods, copses and shady banks. November. Wychwood
Forest; Headington Wick ; near Watereaton ; Stokenchurch Woods ; etc.
Not unfrequent, but barren whenever I have met with it. Fruit should
be found in the Chiltern woods.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 425

E. speciosum, Brid.

Stones and trunks of trees near water. November. Bank of the Wind-
rush, Witney ; Mr. Westell. Canal banks between Oxford and Heyford ;
side of walk in Christ Church Meadow ; near Iffley, Sandford, and Nune-
ham. Rare. A handsome species, but liable to be spoiled by mud left
by the water; else conspicuous by the large bright green shining foliage.

E. Swartzii, Turn,
E. prelongum, Schpr. (non Dill. !)
Hedges and shady banks. November. Frequent, but rarely in fruit,
seeming to flourish most over clay.

E. prelongum, Dill.
(Hypnum) Tab, xxxv. 15.

Wood and copses, about trees, etc. November. A common species,
but fruit somewhat scarce; abundant at Stockley and Tully-bushes in
Wychwood Forest, 1870 and 1873. H. Stokesii Turn. seems only a
large form of this.

E. pumilum, Wils. (Hypnum.)
Shady hedge-banks and rocky places, rare. Winter. Near Cuddesdon.

Copse near Bagley Wood. Very scarce here, or overlooked from its
smallness.

BRHYNCHOSTEGIUM, Schpr.

R. tenellum, Dicks.

Stone walls, rocky banks, not common. November, December. In
several places about Woodstock, Mr. Holliday; near Witney; Asthal-
leigh ; Binsey Lane; Sandford; near Stokenchurch.

R. Teesdalii, Sm.
Moist shady rocks, stones near water. April, May. By the Windrush,
between Witney and Minster Lovell, Mr. Westell; Bayswater Mill;
Sandford Lasher; Heyford. Very scarce in each instance.

R. confertum, Dicks.
Stones, walls, trees in hedge-banks, frequent. November, December.
Blenheim Park; Wychwood Forest; Iffey ; Shotover; Stow Wood and
Noke ; Radley and Buckland, Berks, etc.

BR. murale, Hedw. (Hypnum.)
Stones and walls, principally in limestone districts. November, Decem~-
ber. Great Tew; Witney; Wolvercote; Iffey ; Headington ; Elsfield.
Not unfrequent ; fruiting abundantly.
426 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

R. rusciforme, Dill.
Hypnum ruscifolium, Bryol. Brit.
Stones in or by water. November, December. River Windrush ;
Canal banks; Iffley; etc., frequent; fine at Bayswater Mill, attaining
a great size and fruiting copiously.

PLAGIOTHECIUM, Schpr.
P. denticulatum, L. (Hypnum.)

Sides of woods, copses, hedge-banks. June, July. Frequent, but apt
to be overlooked till winter has cleared away the foliage from the bushes,
when its numerous old capsules become conspicuous. The foliage varies
in brightness, and some states are difficult to distinguish from the following
species.

P. sylvaticum, L.

Woods at roots of trees, etc., rare. Autumn. Singe Wood near Witney ;

1882. Unless I have overlooked it this is very rare with us.

P. undulatum, L.

Open woods, copses, sandy heaths. April. Near Nettlebed; Buckland,
Berks. Much larger and more conspicuous than the two foregoing, and
apparently very rare in these counties.

AMBLYSTEGIUM, Schpr.

A. serpens, Linn.

Trees, walls, banks, common. April. Though small generally con-
spicuous by its numerous capsules.

A. radicale, Beauv.

Wet and shady places, rare. April. Shotover, on dead sticks by the
ponds, scarce.
A. irriguum, Wils.
Stones near water, rare. April. Near Sandford Lasher, 1861. A few
small patches only.
A. riparium, Linn.
Stones, trees, and old timber by water, etc. April. Frequent, and
varying much; a large Fontinalis-like form occurs in wet grassy spots,
which seems never to produce fruit.

HYPNUM, Dill., Linn.
H. Sommerfelti, Myrin.
HH. polymorphum, Wils.

Walls, etc. in limestone districts, rare. May. Asthalleigh, in company
with serpens and molluscum, Anom. viticulosus, ete., 1869, 1871.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 427

H. chrysophyllum, Brid.

Grassy stony places, chalk hills, ete. May. Wychwood; near Minster
Lovell; Heyford; Blenheim; Holton; Shotover; Lewknor; Stoken-
church. No fruit.

H. stellatum, Schreb.

Bogs and wet grassy places; fruit rare. May. Wychwood; Weston-
on-the-Green ; Headington Wick; Bullingdon Bog, formerly very fine and
plentiful, but now scarce, and threatened with extermination.

H. aduncum, Hedw.

Wet grassy places and marshes. May, June. By the roadside between
Witney and Woodstock ; Weston-on-the-Green ; Port Meadow ; Marston ;
Bullingdon ; Horsepath ; south side of Shotover ; ponds near Bagley Wood ;
Pusey and Buckland, Berks. When grown to large size it is H. Kneiffii
of Bruch and Schimper. I+ varies according to the depth of water from 3
inches to 2 feet in length. The Marston locality indicates this as Sib-
thorp’s H. fluitans.

H. fluitans, Dill., Hedw.

Marshes, peaty ditches, bogs, pools, ete. May. Between Gosford and
Bicester ; Watereaton ; in several places near Woodstock, Mr. Holliday ;
about a pool at Holton Stone Pits. ‘Less frequent with us than the last
species.

H. filicinum, Linn.

Marshy ground, wet banks, springs, etc. April. Extremely variable ;

formerly very fine and fertile at Bullingdon, but otherwise rare in fruit.

H. commutatum, Hedw.

Wet calcareous places, rocks and bogs. April. Near the spring in
Wychwood Forest, on dripping rocks ; bogs near Stow Wood and Heading-
ton Wick, but without capsules. Probably this is Sibthorp’s H. Crista-
castrensis. The true one is not likely to occur here.

H. faleatum, Brid.

Bogs and wet places in calcareous districts. May, June. Wychwood
Forest ; Canal bank ; bogs at Stow Wood, Headington Wick and Bulling-
don; formerly fine and abundant at the last, but now nearly destroyed,
like H. stellatum with which it grew.

H. cupressiforme, Dill.
Woods, trees, thatch; very common. November, December.

Var. filiforme, common on tree trunks ; fruit rare.

Var. ericetorum, Wychwood ; Shotover ; Wootton, etc.

Var. lacunosum, on the ground; Wychwood; Headington Wick ;
Goring ; Henley, etc.

Var. resupinatum, (Wils.) Wychwood; Grave Hill Wood; Bagley
Wood, etc.; rare in fruit, as all the varieties are.
428 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

H. arcuatum, Lindb. (not of Hedw.)
HH. pratense, Wils. Bryol. Brit. (not of Koch.)
Al. Patientic, Lindb.

Moist banks, wet drains in woods and pastures; rare. Summer. On
heavy loam by the side of a ride in Coggs Wood near Witney; barren but
somewhat plentiful. This is larger than any form of cupressiforme, with
leaves not tapering and acuminate; it seems to be a summer moss, here,
dying down in autumn, but Mr. Saunders finds it in winter in South
Bedfordshire, perhaps in a warmer situation. The true H. pratense of
Koch has not been found in Britain, so far as I have been able to ascertain,
and the present plant only in a barren state, though it occurs in several
counties.

H. molluscum, Hedw.

Hilly ground, stone walls, woods and banks. October, November.

Common, but not often fruiting.

H. palustre, Linn.
Stones in rivulets and wet banks, etc. Rare here. May. Banks of the
Canal in several places ; stone-built drain near the church at Ducklington,
Mr. Westell; Hanwell near Banbury.

H. cordifolium, Hedw. ~
‘Wet ditches and grassy places. April, May. Rare; between Shotover
and Headington Quarry ; ponds near Bagley Wood, with H. aduncum.

H. cuspidatum, L.
Wet spots in waste ground, bogs, marshes; very common. May.
Fruit at Wychwood, Bullingdon, Bagley Wood and Pusey ; but rare.
H. Schreberi, Willd.
Woods, shady banks, heaths; rare in fruit. October, November.
‘Wychwood; Shotover; Coombe Wood; Henley; Goring; Nettlebed,
etc. No capsules, and they seem to be rare even in the north.

H. purum, Linn.
Grassy banks, woods, lawns, etc.; common. October. Fruit in shady

places by woods, rare; Coombe Wood; near Watlington and Stoken-
church ; Bagley Wood.

HYLOCOMIUM, Schpr.
Hypnum, auctt.
H. splendens, Dill. Hedw.

Grassy banks in woods and heaths. April. Wychwood; Coggs Wood;
Shotover; Stow Wood; Stokenchurch; Buckland, Berks, etc. This
seems not to produce fruit in these counties very freely, and only in the
hilly woods about Wychwood and the Chilterns.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 429

H. brevirostre, Ehrh.

Woods, chiefly in mountainous districts. October, November. In the
woods about Stokenchurch, Henley, Wycombe, and Marlow, occasionally,
but not very common. Sometimes growing with Eurh. striatum which it
much resembles in general aspect, and is hence liable to be overlooked,

H. squarrosum, Linn.

Woods, banks, lawns; common. November, December. Fruit rare.
Stockley Wood near Asthalleigh; Coombe Wood near Cuddesdon ;
Stokenchurch ; Bagley and Pusey, Berks.

H. triquetrum, Linn.
Woods and shady banks. November, December. Fruit rare. Wych-
wood Forest ; Grave Hill Wood near Bicester ; Watereaton Copse; Head-
ington Wick ; Stokenchurch; near Henley.

H. loreum, Dill.

Woods, chiefly in mountainous districts ; not common in fruit. Novem-
ber, December. Near Stokenchurch, Goring, Henley, and Wycombe,
occasionally, but capsules very scarce. This does not seem to occur in
Wychwood Forest. It is fine in Gloucestershire.

SPHAGNACEA.

Peat Mosses. These form a very distinct tribe ; abounding in mountain
regions, where they often grow in wide beds and cover extensive bogs
which they eventually fill; they scarcely exist now in these counties
except as here and there in small quantities, the survivors of a bygone
time and different state of things.

SPHAGNUM, Dill.
S. acutifolium, Ehrh.

Powder Hill Copse near Cumnor, scarce; amongst grass under shade of
bushes, 1863. Vanishing or vanished since.

S. recurvum, Beauv.
S. Mougeotii, Sch. 8. intermedium, Ehrh.

Wychwood Forest, near Ramsden Heath; bog near Foxcombe Hill,
Wootton, Berks, growing with 8. cymbifolium and Polytrichum commune.

S. cymbifolium, Dill., Ehrh.
Wychwood Forest, near Ramsden Heath ; in Berks, fine near Foxcombe
Hill, with recurvum, 1863, 1871; Bagley Wood and Powder Hill Copse,
1870, 1876, a dwarfish state.
43° FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

S. subsecundum, Nees.
S. contortum var. subsecundum, Wils.

Ramsden Heath, 1870, 1879. Coggs Wood and near it towards
Eynsham 1880; Powder Hill Copse, scarce; about Virginia Water,
plentiful. The small pale form, usual on dry moors and heaths, as for
instance in the New Forest. In or near water it becomes much larger
and runs into numerous varieties of form and diversities of colour.

HEPATICA.

Scate-Mosses and Liverworts.

Division I. Fottos#; stem and leaves mostly distinct. Capsule splitting
into four valves.

ALICULARIA, Corda.

A. scalaris, Schrad.
Banks and wastes; common in mountains. Spring. Rare here.
Wychwood Forest, 1879 ; Coggs Wood, 1882.

PLAGIOCHILA, Dumort.
P. asplenioides, L.

Damp woods and copses, frequent and sometimes very large, but always
barren ; Wychwood ; Shotover; Headington Wick Copse ; Stokenchurch,
etc. Fruit occurs in the Gloucestershire hills, and may yet be found
in the Stokenchurch region.

SCAPANTIA, Dun.

S. undulata, Dill., Nees.
Bogs and streamlets chiefly in mountains. Spring. Small stream at
Coggs Wood, 1880, 1882. A short, broad, bright green form, very dif-
ferent in aspect from the usual mountain states.

S. nemorosa, Linn., Nees.

Shaded banks, sides of woods, etc. Spring. Shotover Hill; Stoken-
church ; Buckland, Berks.

S. irrigua, Nees.

Wet spots in woods, swamps, peat-bogs. Spring. Singe Wood near
Hailey, January 1880, F. Westell and H.B. (N.B. The figure in ‘ Science
Gossip’ under this name is quite incorrect.)
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 431

JUNGERMANNIA, Linn.
J. albicans, Linn.

Banks on sandy or loamy soil. Spring. Less common here than in
most counties; Wychwood Forest; Ramsden Heath; Grave Hill Wood;
Shotover ; Bagley Wood, Berks.

J. crenulata, Sm.

In similar situations to the last. April. Ramsden; Shotover Hill in
fruit. Var. gracillima, (Sm.) J. tenerrima, Raddi ; Shotover Hill ; Copse
adjoining Bagley Wood.

J. spherocarpa, Hook.
Banks and woods, not common. April. Singe Wood; Coggs Wood ;
Shotover Hill; Stokenchurch ; Buckland, Berks.
J. ventricosa, Dicks.
Grave Hill Wood near Bicester; Stokenchurch ; Buckland Park, Berks.
J. pumila, With.
Shaded banks, in light soil; rare. April. North side of Shotover
* Hill, 1869, 1875.
J. bicuspidata, L.
Cephalozia, Spruce.

Shaded banks, woods, etc. Spring. Wychwood Forest; Singe Wood;

Stokenchurch ; near Pusey, and in Windsor Great Park, Berks.

LOPHOCOLEA, Dum.
L, bidentata, Linn.
In damp shady woods and copses. March, April. Fruit occasionally
abundant; Stockley Wood; Grave Hill Wood; Shotover; Elsfield ;
Wootton, Cumnor, and Tubney, Berks.

L. heterophylla, Schred.
Stockley Wood near Asthalleigh, 1869; Coggs Wood, 1883.

CALYPOGEIA, Corda.
C. Trichomanis, L. (Jungerm.)

Woods and shaded banks; rare. April. Shotover Plantations, 1790,
Sibthorp ; Shotover Hill and Plantations, 1865, 1870; Singe Wood near
Hailey, 1881; H. B.

RADULA, Dum.

R. complanata, L. (Jungerm.)

Trunks of trees, with mosses, etc.; frequent. April. Near Wood-
stock ; Witney ; Hailey ; Watereaton; Stow Wood; Noke; Shotover,
etc. Often found growing with Neckera complanata.

MADOTHECA, Dum.
M. platyphylla, L. (Jung.)
Shady old walls, sometimes in large patches. Spring. Asthalleigh;
432 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Minster Lovell; Noke; Elsfield; Shotover; Stokenchurch; Hincksey,

etc.
FRULLANIA, Raddi.

F. dilalata, L. (Jung.)

Frequent on trunks of trees, especially in shady woods with Orthotr.
Lyellii, etc., forming conspicuous purplish brown or blackish patches,
fruiting not rarely. April.

METZGERIA, Raddi.
M. furcata, Nees.
Jungermannia, L.

Trunks of trees, not rare. Spring. Near Banbury; Rousham ; Yarn-
ton ; Shotover'; Stokenchurch, etc. Var. @ruginosa, Stokenchurch,
Goring, and Streatley, on beech trunks.

BLASIA, Mich.
B. pusilla, L. (Jung.)
Wet places, by rills, etc. Spring. On Shotover Hill; Headington
Wick. Rare here from the absence of suitable localities.

PELLIA, Raddi.
P. epiphylla, L.

On the ground in wet places, bogs, etc. Spring. Bullingdon Bog ;
Headington Wick; Shotover; Bagley Wood.

ANEURA, Dun.
A. pinguis, L. (Jung.)

Boggy places among grass and mosses. Spring. Bullingdon ; Head-

ington Wick; near Cumnor.
A. multifida, Dum.

North side of Shotover Hill, 1866, 1880; Harpsden near Henley, 1882.

The last five species form a frondose subsection and a link with the
next division.

Division II. Manrcaantiacez; Liverworts. Plants frondose, without
distinct stem or leaves, capsules collected in a long-stalked receptacle,
not regularly 4-valved.

MARCHANTIA, Linn.
M. polymorpha, L.
Moist banks, damp earth and shady places; common and variable.

Spring. A large form at Headington Wick growing on the ground
between large tussocks of Carex paniculata, 1859 and 1867.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 433

FEGATELLA, Raddi.

F. conica, Linn. (Marchantia.)
By springs, ditches, etc.; rare. April. Shotover Plantations, 1790,
Sibth. 1860,H.B. Wychwood, 1870.

LUNULARIA, Michx.
L. vulgaris, Michx.
Damp shady banks, etc. Spring. Wychwood; Shotover, etc. No
fruit.
RIcciIA, Linn.
RB. glauca, Linn.

Damp ground, gardens, fields, etc. Spring. Southleigh; Botanic
Gardens ; Sibthorp, Flor. Oxon.

One or two other Riccie should be found, but are apparently at least
not common, for I have not met with them hitherto.

Four species recorded by Sibthorp as growing at Shotover about 1790
seem no longer to exist there; I have sought them without success at
various times since 1856. These are

Chiloscyphus polyanthus,
Saccogyna viticulosa,
Lepidozia setacea, and
L. reptans.

Ff
FUNGI.

Talis list of Fungi is drawn up from the following sources. Firstly,
Sibthorp’s Flora, which enumerates 231 species. There is great difficulty
in identifying some of these with the modern names. Quotations from
this list are abbreviated to Sib. Secondly, Beesley’s List of Fungi found
round Banbury, this includes the Fungi found by Gulliver as well as those
discovered by Beesley himself; abbreviated B. Thirdly, Baxter’s MSS.
These are Fungi found around Oxford; abbreviated Bx. Fourthly, a
valuable list of Hymenomycetous Fungi found on the Chilterns and about
Crowell by Miss Beatrice Taylor during the last six years. These are
quoted as 7. My own scanty notes are marked D. The list is arranged
according to Cooke’s Handbook of British Fungi.

Agaricus (Amanita) vaginatus, Bull. , Agaricus (Tricholoma) saponaceus,
B.T. Fr. B.7.

vernus, Bull. T. tigrinus, Fr. Sid.

mappa, Batsch, Szb.
phalloides, Fr. Sib. T.
muscarius, L. Sib.
pantherinus, DC. 7.
rubescens, P. T.
excelsus, Fr. T.
strobiliformis, Fr. T.
Agaricus (Lepiota) procerus, Scop.
Sib. B.

gracilentus, Kr. 7.

excoriatus, Scheff. Sid. 7.

mastoideus, Fr. TZ.

eristatus, Fr. B.T.

vittadini, Mor. T.

granulosus, Batsch.

Agaricus (Armillaria)
Vahl. Sib. B.

mucidus, Fr. B.

Agaricus (Lricholoma) sejunctus,
Sow. 7.

spermaticus, Fr. TZ.

ustalis, Fr. 7.

rutilans, Schoeff. 7.

columbetta, Fr. 7.

vaceinus,P. T.

terreus, Scheff. T.

melleus,

 

sulphureus, Bull. T.
albus, Fr. 7.
grammopodius, Bull. T.
melaleucus, P. T.
tonides, Bull. Sib.
brevipes, Bull. T.
carneus, Bull. Z.
cunetfolius, Fr. 7.

Agaricus (Clitocybe) nebularis,

Batsch. 7’.
odorus, Bull. Sib. T.
cerussatus, Fr. ZT.
var. difformis. T.
dealbatus, P. B. T.
fumosus, P. 7.
fragrans, Sow. B. T.
saree elie, Scheeff. Sib.
B.T.

geotrupus, Bull. £,
Jflaccidus, Sow. T.
cyathiformis, Fr.
brumalis, Fr. 2.
metachrous, Fr, T.
laccatus, Scop. B. T.

Sub. Z.

Agaricus (Pleurotus) ulmarius,

Bull. Sid. 7.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Agree ore) subpalmatus,

Agaricus (Cay
Relh. Sib. B
velutipes, Curt. Bib, B.T.
butyraceus, Bull, 7.
confluens, P. T.
ingratus, Schum. T.
conigenus, P. T.
acervatus, Fr. T.
dryophilus, Bull. T.
esculentus, Jacq. T.
clavus, Bull. B.
candicans. T.-

Agaricus (Alycena) purus, P. B.T.
luteo-albus, Bolt. T.
polygrammus, Bull. TZ.
lacteus, P.
galericulatus, Scop. B. T.
pauperculus, Berk. T.
tenuis, Bolt. T.

Jjilopes, Bull. T.
acicula, Scheff. T.
corticola, Schum. B.
epipterygius, Scop. T.
alealinus, T.
Agaricus (Omphalia) wmbelliferus,
L. Sib.

radicatus,

griseus, Fr. T.
fibula, Bull. B.
Agaricus (Volvaria)
Wein. 7.
Agaricus (Pluteus) cervinus, Scheff.

T.

parvulus,

Agaricus (Entoloma) sinuatus, Fr.
T.

Bloxami, B & Br. TZ.
clypeatus, L. 81d.
sericellus, Fr. T.
ameides, B.& Br. T.
nidorosus, Fr. T.
Agaricus (Clitopilus) prunulus,
Scop. TZ.
Agaricus (Claudopus) variabilis, P.
E,

Agaricus (Leptonia) lampropus,
Fr. @:
incanus, Fr. T.
asprellus, Fr. T.
Agaricus (Nolanea) pascuus,P. T.
A (Pholiota) radicosus, Bull.

gue es Batsch. T.

 

435
Agaricus (Pholiota) adiposus, Fr.
T.

spectabilis, Fr. Sib.

mutabilis, Scheeff. Sib. T.
Agaricus (Hebeloma) mesopheus,

~ Pers. TZ.

sinapizans, Fr. T.

crustuliniformis, Bull. Sib. T.

fastibilis, Fr. B.

longicaudis, P. T.

geophyllus, Sow. B. T.

incarnatus. T.

obscurus, P.  T.

squarrosus, Mill. B.

rimosus, Bull. B, TZ.

auricomus, Batsch. T'.

hiuleus, Fr. T.

pyriodorus, P. T.

concentricus. T.

Slocculosus, Berk. T.

Agaricus (Crepidotus) mollis,
Scheff. 7.

Agaricus (Naucoria) melinoides,
Fr. B. f.

semtorbicularis, Bull. T.
Agaricus re tener, Schoeff.
Sib

Agaricus ‘tubaria) Surfuraceus, P.
2

Agaricus (Psalliota) campestris, L.
Sib. B. T.

var. sylvicola. T.
rufescens. T.
exannulatus. T.
hortensis, T.
arvensis, Scheff. Sib. B. T.
Agaricus (Stropharia) eruginosus,
Curt. Sib. B. T.
obturatus, Fr. T.
squamosus. T.
stercorarius, Fr.
semiglobatus, Batsch. B. T.
Agaricus (Hypholoma) sublateri-
tius, Fr. T.
epixanthus,Fr. TJ.
dispersus, Fr.
Jascicularis, Huds.
velutinus, P. T.
appendiculatus, Bull. TZ.
Agaricus (Psilocybe) spadiceus,
Scheeff. 7. ;
clivensis, Berk.
ericeus, Pers. T.

Sib. B. T.

Ff2
436 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Agaricus (Psilocybe) fenisecit,P. T.

Agaricus (Psathyra) corrugis, P.

Agaricus (Pangolus) separatus, L.
B.

jimiputris, Bull. B. Sid.

Agaricus cS aehyelley hiascens,
Fr.

aoe Fr. B.
Coprinus comatus, Fr. B. T.
micaceus, Fr. Sib. B. T.
plicatilis, Fr. B.
ephemerus, Fr. B.
atramentarius, Fr. T.

Cortinarius (Phlegmacium) multi-

Sormis, Fr. T.
purpurascens, Fr. T.
castaneus, Fr. Sid.
glaucopus, Fr. Sib. (?)
Sulgens, Fr. T.
cumatilis. T.

Cortinarius (Myxacium) collinitus,
Fr...

elatior, Fr. T.

Cortinarius (Inoloma) sublanatus,

ie. &%
violaceus, Fr. B.

Cortinarius (Dermocybe) ochroleu- -
T.

cus, Fr.
tabularis, Fr. T.
caninus, Fr. T.
sanguineus, Fr. T.,
cinnamomeus, Fr. T,

Cortinarius (Telamonia) bulbosus,
Hr, 22; |

hinnuleus, Fr. T.
hemitrichus, Fr. T.

Cortinarius (Hygrocybe) castaneus,
Hr; “F;

leucopus, Fr. T.

Lepista nuda, Bull. T.
personata, Fr. T.

Pazillus involutus, Fr. T.

Hygrophorus eburneus, Fr. T.
ceraceus, Fr. Sib.
hypothejus, Fr. T.
olivaceo-albus, Fr. T.
Virgineus, Fr. Sib. T.
coccineus, Fr. B. T.
Colemannianus, Blox. T.
conicus, Fr, B.T.
psittacinus, Fr. Sib. 7.

Gomphidius viscidus, Fr. Sib. T.

stillatus, Strauss. 7.

 

Gomphidius ceraceus. T.
Lactarius insulsus, Fr. T.
blennius, Fr, T.
trivialis, Fr. T.
uvidus, Fr. TZ,
pyrogalus, Fr. T.
plumbeus, Fr. T.
acris, Fr. Sib, T.
zonarius, Fr. Sib.
piperatus, Fr. Sib.
vellereus, Fr. B. T.
deliciosus, Fr. S. T.
pallidus, Fr. T.
cyathula, Fr. 7.
serifluus, Fr. T.
Juliginosus, Fr. T.
mitissiimus, Fr. T.
camphoratus, Fr. 2.
Russula nigricans, Fr. T.
delica, Fr. T.
heterophylla, Fr. T.
emetica, Fr. B. T.
sardonia, Fr. T.
virescens, Fr. T.
cyanoxantha, Fr. T.
fetens, Fr. B. T.
ochroleuca, Fr. T.
fragilis, Fr. T.
alutacea, Fr. T.
lutea, Fr. TZ.
chameleontina, Fr. T.
felleus. T.
Cantharellus cibarius, Fr. Sib.
Bu. B. T.
aurantiacus, Fr. B. T.
tubeformis, Fr. T.
lobatus, Fr. B.
Marasmius porreus, Fy. 7,
oreades, Fr. Sib. B. D.
peronatus, Fr. T.
erythropus, Fr. T.
ramealis, Fr. Sib. Bu.
rotula, Fr. B. Bu.
androsaceus, Fr. Bx. T.
urens, Fr. T.
Sentinus tigrinus, Fr. Sib.
cochleatus, Fr. T.
Panus torulosus, Fr. T.
stypticus, Fr. T.
Schizophyllum commune, Fr. Bx.
Boletus luteus, L. Sib. B. T.
laracinus, Berk. T.
granulatus, L. Sib.(2) 7.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Boletus chrysenteron, Fr. Sib. (2) T.
edulis, Bull. Sib. Bu. P.
scaber, Fr. Sth. B. 7.
Satanas, Lenz. T.
luridus, Fr. B. T.
olivaceus, Schoeff. Sib.
erythropus,P. T.

Jlavus, With. B. T.
variecolor, B.& Br. T.
aimpolitus, Fr. TZ.
castaneus, Bull. B.
subtomentosus, L. Sid.
cyanescens, Bull. Sid.

Polyporus squamosus, Fr. Sib. B.

Ba. T.
varius, Fr. Ba. 7.
lucidus, Fr. B.

intybaceus, Fr. B.
sulfureus, Fr. Ba. B.
salignus, Fr. B.
hispidus, Fr. B. Sib. T.
spumens, Fr. T.
igniarius, Fr. Sib. B.
salicinus, Fr. Sib.
ulmarius, Fr. T.
annosus, Fr. TZ.
versicolor, Fr. T.
Medulla-panis, Fr. B. Sid.
Molluseus, Fr. B.
Trametes gibbosa, Fr. T.
suaveolens, Fr. B.
Dedalea quercina, P. B.
unicolor, Fr. Sib. B.
biennis. B.
Merulius corium, Fr. B.
lachrymans, Fr. B. Ba, T.
Fistulina hepatica, L. Sib. B. T.

D.

Hydnum repandum, L. Sib. B. T.
aurisculpium, L. Sib. B. T.
membranaceum, Bull.

Craterellus cornucopioides, Fr.

Sid. T.

Thelephora palmata, Fr. B.T.

Stereum purpureum, Fr. B. Ba.
hirsutum, Fr. B. Bu.
sanguinolentum, Fr. B. ;

Hymenochete rubiginosa, Leo. Sib.

he
tabacina, Leo. Bz. ;
Auricularia mesenterica, Bull. Sib.

Corticium ceruleum, Fr. B.

 

437

Corticium quercinum, P. Sib.
incarnatum, Fr. B.
lacteum, Fr. Ba.

Clavaria rugosa, Bull. T.
abietina, Sch. (2) T.
fastigiata, DC. B.
muscoides, L. Sib. B. Bu.
cristata, Holms. 3B.
JSragilis, Holms. Sib.
vermiculata, Scop. B.
fusiformis, Sow. T.
pistillaris, L. Sib. Bu. T.
acuta, Sow. Sib.
Ardenia, Sow. T.
Kunzei, Fr. T,
botrytis, P. T.
coralloides, L. Ba. Sib.
inequalis, Mull. Sib.

Calocera cornea, Fr. Bx. B. T.

Typhula gyrans, Fr. B.

Tremella mesenterica, Retz.

Bu. B. T.
albida, Huds.
Sabine (2) Ba.
foliacea, P. B.

Exidea glandulosa, Fr. B. Bu.

a Auricula Jude, Berk.

20.

Nemateila encephala, Fr. B.

ee stillatus, Nees.

Sib.
Bu. Sib. T.

Sib.

chrysocomus, Tul. Ba. B. Sib.
Phallus impudicus,L. Ba. B. T.
D

Geaster fimbriatus, Fr. 3B. T.
Bovista nigrescens, P. Sib. Bu. B.
D

Lycoperdon giganteum, Batsch.
Bz. B. T.

pyriforme, Scheff. Bz. B. T.

gemmatum, Fr. B. D.

celatum, Fr. B.D.

saccatum, Vahl. B.
Scleroderma vulgare, Fr. B.

verrucosum, Pers. Ba. B. Sib.
Lycogatla epidendrum, Fr. B.
Reticularia umbrina, Fr. B.
Aithalium vaporarium, Fr. Ba.
Spumaria alba, DC. Bz. B.
Physarum album, Fr. Bz.
Craterium leucocephalum, Dit. B.
Stemonitis fusca, Roth. B.
Areyria nutans, Fr. B.
438

Arcyria punicea, P. Bu. B.
Trichia chrysosperma, DC. B.
Ayresti, B. & Br. Ayres.
fallax, P. Bar.
turbinata, With. B, Sib.
Cyathus striatus, Hoff. Sib. Ba.
B, of.

vernicosus, DC. Sib. B. Bu.
Ogle.

Crucibulum vulgare, Tul. Ba. Sid.

Leptostroma spiree, Fr. Bau. B,
Spheropsis taxi, Berk. Bx. B.
Acrospermum compressum,
2.

Diplodia ilicis, Curr. Bx.
Ascochyta dianthi, Berk. B.
Asteroma prunelle, Purt. Bz.
Ceuthospori laurt, Grev. B. Bz.

Phragmidium mucronatum, Link.

Be. B
gracile, Grev. Ba. B.
bulbosum, Schl. Ba. B.

obtusum, Link. Ba. B.

Triphragmium ulmarie, Link. Be.
B

Bu. B.

Puccinia graminis, Pers.
i

polygonorum, Link. Ba. B.
menthe, Pers. Ba. B.
compositarum, Sch. D.
egopodit, Link. Bu. B.
anemones, Pers.

eptilobii, DC, B.
pulverulenta, Grev. Ba. B.
prunorum, Link. Ba. B.
umbelliferarum, DC. Ba. B.
lychnidearum, Link. Bz. B,
glomerata, Grev. Bu. B.
circee, Pers. Ba.
sanicule, Grev. Ba.
heraclei, Link. Ba.
Violarum, Link. Bz.
glechomatis, DC. Ba.
betonice, DC. Ba. D.
Podisoma juniperi, Fr. B.
Tilletia caries, Tul. B.D.
Ustilago carbo, Tul.
urceolorum, Tul. D.
antherarum, Fr. Ba. B. D.

Uromyces concentrica, Lev. Bx. B.D.

apiculosa, Lev. B.
alliorwm, DC. Bz.

Tode.

Dill. B. Be.

Be. B. T. D.

 

FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Coleosporium tussilaginis, Lev. B.
pingue, Lev. B.
petasitis, Lev. Ba.
campanule, Lev. Bx. B.
sonchi-arvensis, Lev. Ba. D.
rhinanthacearum, Lev.. Bu.

Melampsora salicina, Lev. B.D.
betulina, Des. D.
populina, Lev. B.
euphorbie, Cast. B.

Uredo potentillarum,D C. Ba. B.
saxifragarum, DC. Aplin.
pustulata, Pers. B.
confluens, DC. Bu. B.
bifrons, Grev. Ba.
hypericorum, DC. Bx.

Trichobasis symphyti, Lev. Bx. B.

D

petroselini, B. Bu. B.

oblongata, B. Ba. B. D.

beta, Lev. Bu.

suaveolens, Lev.
Lecythea lini, Lev. Bu. B.

saliceti, Lev. Ba. B. D.

valeriane, Berk. Bu. B.
Restelia lacerata, Tul. Ba. B.
Aicidium leucospermum,D C. Bu. B.

epilobti, DC. Ba. B.

albescens, Grev. Bz. D.

euphorbie, Pers. Ba.

berberidis, Pers. Ba. B.

erassum, Pers. B.

ranunculacearum, DC. Br. B.

bunt, DC. Ba.

asperifolit, Pers. Bux.

grossularie, DC. Ba. B.

urtice, DC. Ba. B.

behenis, DC. Bz.

compositarum, Mart. Bx. B.

var. Tussilaginis. Ba.

var. Prenanthis. Ba.

viole, Sch. Ba. B.

menthe, DC. Be.

primule, DC. B.D.

rubellum, DC. B.

ari, Berk. Be.

quadrifidum, DC. Bx.
Endophyllum semperrivi, Lev. B.
Pachnocybe subulata, Berk. B.
Tubercularia granulosa, P. Ba.
Helminthosporium macrocarpum,

Grev. Ba.

Be. B. D.
FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Hi i velutinum, Lk.

cm

Polythrincium trifolii, Kze. Ba.
Cladosporium herbarum, Lk. B.
Ee glaucus, Lk. Sib. B.

candidus, Lk Sib. B.D.
Peronospora vicie, Berk. B.

parasitica, Pers. Bu. B.

infestans, Mont. D.
Haplaria grisea, Lk. B.
Penicillium crustacewm, Fr. Ba.
Oidium fructigenum, Schr. B.
Lasmidium cellare, Fr. Bx. B. D.
Ascophora mucedo, Tode. Ba..
Mucor mucedo, L. Sib. B.

caninus, P. Bu.

Susiger, Lk. B.
Pilobolus crystallinus, Tode. Ba.

B

roridus, Sch. Bx. B. Sib.
Saprolegnia ferax, Kiitz. D.

Spherotheca pannosa, Lev. Bx.
Phyllactinia guttata, Lev. Ba.
Uncinula adunca, Lev. Ba.

Lev.

Microspheria penicillata,
Ba.

cornata, Lev. Bz.
Erysiphe communis, Schl. Ba. B.

lamprocarpa, Lev. Bz.
Chetomium elatum, Kze. B.
Eurotium herbariorum, Lk. Bz.
Morchella esculenta, P. B.T.D.

semilibera, DC. B.
Helvella crispa, Fr. B. T.

lacunosa, Afz. B. T.
Spathularia favida, Pers. T.
Leotia lubrica, P. Ba. T.
Geoglossum glabrum, P. St. Ba.
Peziza granulata, Bull. B.

firma, P. Ba.

stercorea,P. B.

inflexa, Bolt. Ba.

virginea, Batsch. Bx. B.

calycina, Sch. B.

villosa, P. Ba. B.

nivea, Dicte. Sid.

cinerea, Batsch. Bx. B. Sib.

vesiculosa, Bull. Sib. Bu. B.

hemispherica, Wigg. B.

bicolor, Bull. Bz.

epispheria, Mart. B.

 

439

Peziza Schumacheri, Fr. B.
cyathoidea, Bull. B.
leucoloma, Rob. B.
pineti, Batsch. B.
sulphurea, P. B.
rutilans, Fr. B.
cochleata, Hud. Sib. Bx. B.
cesia, P. B.
coccinea, Jacq. Ba. B. Sib.
hepatica, Batsch. Sib.
Susarioides, Berk, Bx. B.
aurantia, Fr. Sib. Bx, B.
macropus,P. Bx.
tuberosa, Bull. Ba,
scutellata, L. Ba. Si.

Helotium herbarum, Fr. B.
virgultorum, Fr. Ba. Sib.
calyculus, Fr. Bx, Sib.
eruginosum, Fr. Bz.
citrinum, Fr. Sz2b.

Cenangiwm prunastri, Fr. Bx.

ceo Surfuraceus, P. Br.

td.

Bulgaria sarcoides, Fr. T.
inquinans, Fr. Bax. Sib.

Stictis radiata,P. Bx. B.

Tuber estivum, Vitt. B. Be.

Phacidium coronatum, Fr. Bx. B.
dentatum, Fr. Ba. B.
ilicis, Fr. Bua.

Heterospheria patella, Grev. B.

Ba.

Rhytisma salicinum, Fr. Bu. B.
acerinum, Fr. Bx. B. D.
maximum, Fr. Ba.
urtice, Fr. Ba.

Hysterium pulicare,P. Ba. B.
Sraxini, P. Ba. B.
lineare, Fr. Ba. B.
conigenum, Fr. B.
virguitorum, DC. Bx. B.
arundinaceum, Sch. B.
juniperinum,De Not. Ba.
hedere, De Not. Bz.

Colpoma quercinum, W. Ba. B.

Stegia ilicis, Fr. Bx. D.

Trochila craterium, Fr.

Torrubia militaris, Fr.

B. Ba.
Bu. B. T.

Claviceps purpurea, Tul. D.
Epichloe typhina, Berk. Ba. T.
Hypomyces aurantius, Tul. Ayres.
Nectria cinnabarina, Fr. Bx. B.
440
Nectria coccinea, Fr. Be. B.
sanguinea, Fr. Bu. B.

epispheria, Fr. B.
Xylaria zpolymenph, Grev. Bx. B.

Gee Grev. Ba. B. T.
carpophila, Fr. Ba. B. Ayres.
digitata, Grev. Bz.
Poronia punctata, Fr. Ba.
Ostulina vulgaris, Tul. Ba. B.
Hypoxylon fuscum, Fr. Ba. B.
concentricum, Grev. Ba.
Eutypa flavo-virens, Tul. Ba. B.
Acharii, Tul. B

Melogramma Bulliardi, Tul. Ba,

gastrinum, Tul. Ba.
Polystigma rubrum, P. Ba. D.
Dothidea ulmi, Fr. Ba.

betulina, Fr. Bu, D.

heraclei, Fr. Ba.

jun’, Fr. Ba.

pteridis, Fr. Ba.

ribesia, P. B. Ba.

rose, Fr. B.

strieformis, Fr. Ba. B.

Jilicina, Fr. Bx.
Diatrype quercina, Tul. Be.

aspera, Fr. 3B.

stigma, Fr. Ba. B.

disciformis, Fr. Bx. B.

bullata, Fr. Bu.

 

FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Diatrype undulata, Fr. Ba. B.
Melanconis longipes, Tul. B.
Berkelei, Tul. B.
Valsa prunastri, Fr. Ba. B.
nivea, Fr. Bu. B.
coronata, Fr. Bz.
turgida, Fr. Ba.
salicina, Fr. Ba.
Cucurbitaria laburni, De Not. Be.
B

populina, Fr. Ba.
Massaria inquinans,Tode. Bz.
Spheria aquila, Fr. Ba. B.
bombarda, Batsch. B.
spermoides, Hoff. B. Ba.
acuta, Mong. Ba. B.
doliolum, P. Bz. B.
herbarum, P. Ba. B.
arundinacea, Sow. Bz.
ovina, P. Ba.
pulvis-pyrius, P. Ba.
millepunctata,Grev. Bu.
Spherella rusci, De Not. Ba. D.
punetiformis, P. Bu.
carpinea, Fr. Br.
Stigmatea geranti, Fr. Ba.
potentille, Fr. Bz.
Robertiani, Fr. Ba.
Hypospila populina, Fr. B.
Isothea saligna, B. Bz.
LICHENS.

Leighton’s Lichen Flora of Great Britain, Z. Baxter’s MSS., Bz. Sib-
thorp’s Flora, Sib. Beesley’s Banbury List, B. Dillenius, Dill.

Collemafurvum, Ach. Dill. 1741.
pulposum, Bern.
crispum, Huds. B.
fasciculare,L. Dill. 1741.
nigrescens, Huds. Sib. B.
Leptogium lacerum, Ach. Sib.
Colicium hyperellum, Ach. B.
trachelinum, Ach. LD.
curtum, Borr. B.
Beomyces rufus, DC. Ba.
Cladonia pyxidata, Fr. B.
furcata, Hf. Sib. Bx.
cornucopioides, Fr. Sib. Bu.
Parmelia Borreri, Turn. L.
fuliginosa, Dub. B.
conspersa, Ehrh, B.
saxatilis, L. Ba.
Physia flavicans,Lw. B.
parietina, L. Sib. B.
var. polycarpa, Ehrh. Purt.
ciliaris, L. Sib. B.
pulverulenta, Schreb. B.
Sf. pityrea, Ach. Ba.
J. venusta, Ach. Sid.
J. virella, Ach. Ba.
stellaris, L. Sib. B.
tenella, Scop. Sib. B.
Pannaria nigra, Huds. B.
Squamaria saxicola, Poll, Sib.
Placodium murorum, Hf. B.
Lecanora vitellina, Ach. Sid. B.
candelaria, Ach. Sib. B.
glaucocarpa, Wh.
Sf. pruinosa. L.
atra, Hud. Sid.
symmicta, Ach. L.
expallens, Ach. L.
parella, L. B.
f. pallescens. B.
Jf. calva, Ba.

 

Cladina sylvatica, Hff. Sib.
rangiferina, Hf. B.

Usnea plicata, Fr. B.
articulata, Ach. Bobart.

Evernia prunastri, L. B.

Ramalina farinacea,L. B.
fraxinea, L. B.
fastigiata, P. B.
pollinaria, Ach. B.'

Solorina saccata, L. Ba.

Sticta pulmonaria, Ach. B.

Parmelia caperata, L. Sib.
physodes, L. Sib.
perlata, L. Dill.

Lecanora glaucoma, Hf. B.
aurantiaca, Leight. L.
JSerruginea, Hud. B. ea
pyracea, Ach. f. ulmicola. L.
sophodes, Ach. f. exigua. L.

Pertusaria communis, DC. Purton.
fallax, P. B.

Saginea, L. B.
globulifera, Turn, B.

Thelotrema lepadinum, Ach. B.

Urceolaria semposa, L. B.

Lecidea vernalis, LL, B.
quernea, D. B.
parasema, Ach. B.

f. eleochroma. L.
canescens, D. B.
Lightfootti, Sm. Le
denigrata, Fr. L.
anomala, Fr. Brayne.
alto atra, Hf. LZ. B.
meleana, Nyl. ZL.
phacodes, K. f.chlorotica. L.
sabuletorum, Flk. L.
rubella, Ehrh. LD.
cupularis, Ehbrh. Bz.
tantilla, Nyl. L.
442 FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Lecidea parasitica, Flk. B.
Opegrapha herpetica, Ach. Bz.
f. rubella. L.
atra,P. B.
Turneri, Leight. L.
varia, P. B.
f. tigrina. L.
vulgata, Ach. B.
Arthronia astroidea, Ach. B.
swartziana, Ach. B.
Graphis elegans,8m. Ba.
seripta, Ach. B.
f. diffusa. DL.

Graphis scripta, f. flexuosa. L. Ba.
f. divaricata. Ba.
J. eutypa. Bx.
inusta, Ach. Ba.
Endocarpon miniatum, L. B.
Verrucaria nigrescens, P. B.
glaucina, Ach. L.
viridula,Sch. LD.
rupestris, Sch. B.
epidermidis, Ach. B.
cinerea, P, B.
nitida, W. Ba.
INDEX TO THE GENERA.

A.
Acer, 65.
Aceras, 297.
Achillea, 161.
Aconitum, 15.
Acorus, 314.

Acrostichum, 357.
Actinocarpus, 281.

Adonis, 3.
Adoxa, 147.
AXgopodium, 139.
Absculus, 65.
Abthusa, 133.
Agraphis, 304.
Agrimonia, 109.
Agropyron, 352.
Agrostemma, 46.
Agrostis, 336.
Aira, 337.
Ajuga, 225.
Alchemilla, 110.
Alisma, 280,
Alliaria, 28.
Allium, 308.
Alnus, 276.
Alopecurus, 334.
Alsine, 55.
Althza, 59.
Alyssum, 34.

Amaranthus, 248.

Ambrosia, 186.
Anacharis, 279.
Anacyclus, 161.
Anagallis, 244.
Anchusa, 201.
Androsemum, 61.
Anemone, 2.
Angelica, 131.
Antennaria, 165.
Anthemis, 160.

 

Synonyms are in Italics.

Anthoxanthum, 332.

Anthriscus, 136.
Anthyllis, 75.
Antirrhinum, 211.
Apargia, 185.
Apera, 336.
Apium, 141.
Aquilegia, 14.
Arabis, 24, 30.
Arctium, 171.
Arenaria, 54.
Aristolochia, 260.
Armoracia, 33.
Arnoseris, 185.

Arrhenatherum, 338.

Artemisia, 164.
Arum, 314.
Arundo, 335+
Asarum, 260.
Asparagus, 303.
Asperula, 151.
Aspidium, 360.
Asplenium, 358.
Aster, 166.
Astragalus, 84.
Athyrium, 359.
Atriplex, 251.
Atropa, 207.
Avena, 339.

B.
Baldingeria, 333.
Ballota, 233.
Barbarea, 23.
Barkhausia, 182.
Bartsia, 219.
Batrachium, 9.
Bellis, 167.
Berberis, 15.
Betonica, 231.
Betula, 276.

 

Bidens, 156.
Blackstonia, 196.
Blechnum, 357.
Blitum, 248.
Blysmus, 318.
Borago, 200.
Botryanthus, 308.
Botrychium, 363.
Brachypodium, 353.
Brassica, 30.
Briza, 349.
Bromus, 344.
Bryonia, 115.
Bunium, 137.
Bupleurum, 142.
Butomus, 279.
Buxus, 260.

Cc

Calamagrostis, 335.
Calamintha, 236.
Calendula, 186.
Callitriche, 120.
Calluna, Igo.
Caltha, 13.
Calystegia, 198.
Camelina, 34.
Campanula, 186.
Cannabis, 263.
Capsella, 38.
Cardamine, 26.
Carduus, 174.
Carex, 321.
Carlina, 170.
Carpinus, 268.
Carum, 140.
Castanea, 266.
Catabrosa, 351.
Caucalis, 130.
Centaurea, 176.
Centranthus, 153.
444

Centunculus, 245.
Cephalanthera, 287.
Cerastium, 51.
Cerasus, 91.
Ceratophyllum, 122.
Ceterach, 363.
Cherophyllum, 136.
Chamenerium, 115.
Chara, 365.
Cheiranthus, 22.
Chelidonium, 19.
Chenopodium, 248.
Chironia, 196.
Chlora, 196.
Chondrilla, 178.

Chrysanthemum, 162.
Chrysosplenium, 129.

Cichorium, 185.
Cicuta, 137.
Cineraria, 157.
Circeea, 118.
Cirsium, 172.
Claytonia, 124.
Clematis, 1.
Clinopodium, 235.
Cnicus, 172.
Cochlearia, 33.
Cealoglossum, 297.
Colchicum, 309.
Comarum, 100.
Conium, 143.
Conopodium, 137.
Conringia, 29.
Convallaria, 304.
Convolvulus, 198.
Conyza, 168.
Cornus, 144.
Coronopus, 38.
Corydalis, 20.
Corylus, 268.
Cotyledon, 125.
Cratzgus, 114.
Crepis, 182.
Crocus, 300.
Cuscuta, 198.
Cynoglossum, 205.
Cynosurus, 334-
Cystopteris, 362.
Cytisus, 74.

D.

Dabeecia, 191.
Dactylis, 343.

 

Damasonium, 281.
Danthonia, 342.
Daphne, 258.
Datura, 206.
Daucus, 130.
Delphinium, 15.
Dentaria, 28.
Deschampsia, 337-
Dianthus, 50.
Digitalis, 211.
Digraphis, 333.
Diplotaxis, 32.
Dipsacus, 156.
Doronicum, 157.
Draba, 33.
Drosera, 44.

E.
Echinochloa, 332.

Echinospermum, 206.

Echium, 202.
Elatine, 46.
(H)Eleocharis, 320.
Eleogiton, 320,
Elodea, 279.
Elodes, 64.
Elymus, 352.
Empetrum, 260.
Endymion, 307.
Epilobium, 115.
Epipactis, 285.
Equisetum, 355.
Eranthis, 13.
Erica, 189.
Erigeron, 167.
Eriophorum, 318.
Erodium, 69.
Erophila, 33.
Ervum, 90.
Eryngium, 143.
Erysimum, 29.
Erythrea, 196.
Escholtzia, 20.
Euonymus, 71.
Eupatorium, 169.
Euphorbia, 261.
Euphrasia, 220.

F,
Fagus, 265.
Festuca, 343, 347-
Ficaria, 5.
Filago, 165.

 

FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Feeniculum, 133.
Fragaria, 100.
Fraxinus, 193.
Fritillaria, 305.
Fumaria, 21.

G.

Gagea, 306.
Galanthus, 303.
Galeobdolon, 229.
Galeopsis, 230.
Galium, 148.
Gastridium, 336.
Genista, 73.
Gentiana, 194.
Geranium, 65.
Geum, 102.
Githago, 46.
Glechoma, 235.
Glyceria, 348.
Gnaphalium, 164.
Gymnadenia, 296.

H.

Habenaria, 296.
Hedera, 144.
Heleocharis, 320.
(H)Eleogiton, 320.
Helianthemum, 39.
Helianthus, 171.
Helleborus, 12.
Helminthia, 183..
Helosciadium, 141.
Heracleum, 132.
Herminium, 299.
Hesperis, 28.
Hieracium, 179.
Hippocrepis, 83.
Hippophae, see addi-
tions.
Hippuris, 119.
Holcus, 338.
Hordeum, 352.
Hottonia, 245.
Humulus, 263.
Hyacinthus, 307.
Hydrocharis, 278.
Hydrocotyle, 143.
Hyoseyamus, 207.
Hypericum, 61.
Hypocheeris, 185.
Hypopithys, 192.
I.
Theris ‘
Tlex, ou
Impatiens, 71,
Inula, 167.
Tris, 300,
Isatis, 38.
Isolepis, 320.

J.
Jasione, 189.
Juglans, 266.
Juncus, 310,
Juniperus, 277.

K.

Knautia, 156.
Keeleria, 341.

L.
Lactuca, 178.
Lamium, 227,
Lapsana, 186,
Larix, 278.
Lastrea, 360.
Lathrea, 223.
Lathyrus, 85.
Lavatera, 59.
Lemna, 314.
Leontodon, 184.
Leonurus, 233.
Lepidium, 37.
Leucanthemum, 162.
Leucojum, 3or.
Ligustrum, 193.
Lilium, 305.

Limnanthemum, 197.

Limosella, 219.
Linaria, 212.
Linum, 58.
Listera, 290.
Lithospermum, 202.
Littorella, 247.
Lolium, 354.
Lomaria, 357-
Lonicera, 147.
Lotus, 81.
Lunaria, 32.
Luzula, 312.
Lychnis, 47.
Lycium, 207
Lycopodium, 364.

 

Lycopsis, 201.
Lycopus, 241.
Lysimachia, 242.
Lythrum, 122.

M

Mahonia, see addit.
Malachium, 50.
Malcolmia, see addit.
Malva, 59.
Marrubium, 234,
Matricaria, 163.
Meconopsis, 20.
Medicago, 76.
Melampyrum, 221.
Melandryum, 47.
Melica, 342.
Melilotus, 77.
Melissa, 235.
Mentha, 238.
Menyanthes, 197.
Mercurialis, 260.
Mespilus, 114.
Milium, 337.
Mimulus, 222,
Mehringia, 55.
Meenchia, 52.
Molinia, 343.
Monotropa, 192.
Montia, 123.
Muscari, 308.
Myogalum, 307.
Myosotis, 203.
Myosurus, 4.
Myrica, 276.
Myriophyllum, 119.
Myrrhis, 136. ©

N.

Narcissus, 300.
Nardus, 355.
Narthecium, 309.
Nasturtium, 25.
Neottia, 290.
Nepeta, 234. |
Nephrodium, 360.
Nitella, 366.
Nuphar, 17.
Nymphea, 16.

Oo.
Odontites, 219.
Gnanthe, 133.

 

FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE. 445

Cnothera, 118.
Onobrychis, 85.
Ononis, 74.
Onopordon, 171.
Ophioglossum, 364.
Ophrys, 298.
Orchis, 291.
Origanum, 237.
Ornithogalum, 306.
Ornithopus, 82.
Orobanche, 222.
Orobus, 87.
Osmunda, 363.
Oxalis, 70.
Oxycoccos, 191.

P.
Peonia, 15.
Panicum, 332.
Papaver, 17.
Parietaria, 263.
Paris, 304.
Parnassia, 44.
Pastinaca, 131,
Pedicularis, 221.
Peplis, 123.
Petasites, 169.
Petroselinum, 140.
Phalaris, 333.
Phegopteris, 362.
Phellandrium, 133.
Phleum, 333.
Phragmites, 335.
Picris, 183.
Pimpinella, 139.
Pinguicula, 242.
Pinus, 278.
Pisum, 85.
Plantago, 246.
Platanthera, 296.
Platanus, 262.
Poa, 350.
Polemonium, 198,
Polygala, 45.
Polygonatum, 303.
Polygonum, 255.
Polypodium, 362.
Populus, 268.
Potamogeton, 282.
Potentilla, ror.
Poterium, 111.
Prenanthes, 179.
Primula, 245.
446

Prunella, 227.
Prunus, 91.
Ptarmica, 161.
Pteris, 357.
Pulicaria, 168.
Pulmonaria, 202.
Pulsatilla, 2.
Pyrethrum, 163.
Pyrola, 191.
Pyrus, 112.

Q.

Quercus, 266.

R

Radiola, 58.
Ranunculus, 5.
Raphanus, 22.
Reseda, 38.
Rhamuus, 72.
Rhinanthus, 220.

Rhyncospora, 318.

Ribes, 127.
Rosa, 103.
Rubus, 93.
Rumex, 252.
Rusceus, 303.

8.
Sagina, 55.
Sagittaria, 281.
Salix, 270.
Salsola, 252.
Salvia, 226.
Sambucus, 146.
Samolus, 243.
Sanguisorba, 111.
Sanicula, 143.
Saponaria, 49.
Sarothamnus, 73.
Saxifraga, 128.
Scabiosa, 155.
Scandix, 137.

Schlerochloa, 349.

Schenus, 317.
Scilla, 307.
Scirpus, 319.
Scleranthus, 124.

Scrophularia, 210.

 

Scolopendrium, 357.
Scutellaria, 227.
Secale, 352.
Sedum, 125.
Sempervivum, 125.
Senebiera, 38.
Senecio, 157.
Serrafaleus, 345.
Serratula, 176.
Setaria, 332.
Sherardia, 152.
Sieglingia, 342.
Silaus, 133.
Silene, 48.
Silybum, 172.
Sinapis, 31.
Sison, 138.
Sisymbrium, 29.
Sium, 137.
Smyrnium, 143.
Solanum, 208.
Solidago, 167.
Sonchus, 177.
Sorbus, 113.
Sparganium, 316.
Spartium, 73.
Specularia, 188.
Spergula, 57.
Spergularia, 57.
Spirea, 93.
Spiranthes, 291.
Spirodela, 315.
Stachys, 231.
Stellaria, 53.
Stratiotes, 278.
Succisa, 155.

Symphoricarpus, 148.

Symphytum, 200.
Syringa, 193.
T.

Tamus, 305.
Tanacetum, 163.
Taraxacum, 179.
Taxus, 277.
Teesdalia, 36.
Teucrium, 224.
Thalictrum, 4.
Thesium, 259.

 

FLORA OF OXFORDSHIRE.

Thlaspi, 35.
Thrincia, 185.
Thymus, 237.
Tilia, 60.
Tillea, 127.
Tolypella, 366.
Tordylium, 132.
Torilis, 130.
Tormentilla, 101.
Tragopogon, 183.
Trichera, 150.
Trifolium, 78.
Triglochlin, 281.
Trigonella, 76.
Triodia, 342.
Trisetum, 340.
Triticum, 352.
Tulipa, 306.
Turritis, 24.
Tussilago, 170.
Typha, 315-

Uz

Ulex, 72.
Ulmus, 263.
Umbilicus, 125.
Urtica, 262.
Utricularia, 241.

Ws
Vaccinium, 191.
Valeriana, 152.
Valerianella, 153.
Vella, 34.
Verbascum, 209.
Verbena, 224.
Veronica, 216.
Viburnum, 145.
Vicia, 87.
Villarsia, 197.
Vinca, 193.
Viola, 40.
‘Viscum, 145.
Vulpia, 343-

W.
Wahlenbergia, 189.

Z.
Zannichellia, 286.
ADDITIONS, CORRECTIONS, Etc.

Page 1, 1. 2, for Jus. read Juss.; 1. 5, for plate i. vol. i. p. 2 read vol. i.

p. 2, plate i.
2,1. 3, for 1. 9. 9 read 1. Io. 9.
8, 1. 20, for ‘anemonea’ read ‘ anemones.’
6, 1. 42, for 32. 28 read 33. 29.
8, 1. 24, for 27 read 37.

11, 1. 5, insert—Syme, E. B. i. 20. 18; 1. 21, for part read pond.

15, 1. 33, for 64 read 70.

16, After Berberis, insert—Mahonia aquifolia planted in parks,
coppices, etc. Alien.

28,1.18, for Precox read precox; 1. 19, for 174. 123 read 175.
124.

26, 1s, foe 150. 10g read 158. 119.

27,1.15, for 112 read 111.

28, insert after Dentaria notice—Malcolmia maritima, Br. Alien.
Garden outcast on waste ground near Tennis Courts, Oxford,
1885.

29, 1. 19, for 103 read lot.

380, 1. 38, for 140 read 135.

31, 1. 15, prefia an asterisk to B. campestris; 1. 24, for R read B.

32, Mr. F. T. Richards believes he has seen Diplotazis tenuifolia
about Holywell Church.

33, 1. 4, prefix an asterisk to C. Armoracia.

36, The plate in Syme, E. B. vol.i. no. 145 is E. B. 2354 unaltered.

43,1. 10, for 17 read 170.

44,1. 3, for ‘Sagoti’ read ‘sagott’; 1. 28 for 4. 565 read iv. 86.

6

ss ? 27, for Burfield read Binfield; 1. 31, for Segetum read
segetum.

50, 1. 13, for Cesius read cesius. The drawing of Dianthus
‘Armeria in the British Museum, referred to on 1. 23, takes pre-
cedence of Sibthorp’s record, as it was made by G. D. Ehret from
a, Shiplake specimen gathered in 1762, Ehret was employed in
the Oxford Garden in 1750.

55, 1. 42, for 118. 246 read 125. 251.

56, 1. 34, for 125. 251 read 118, 246.

57, 1. 13, after ii. ixsert—120 ; 1. 39, after il. insert—129.

58, 1. 9, for 194 read 184.

60, 1. 6, for 283 read 281.

61, 1. 2, for 178 read 176.

62, 1. 6, for 178 read 158; 1. 41, for 187 read 157.

64, 1. 10, for Wood read Wort.

66, 1. 23, for Phaeum read pheum.
448 ADDITIONS, CORRECTIONS, ETC.

Page 67, 1. 10, for 302 read 303.

» 68,1. 14, for 177 read 197.

69, 1. 30, for robertianum read Robertianum.

73, 1. 22, for 9. 328 read 11. 329.

74, 1. 31, for 15. 330 read 16. 331.

82, 1. 41, for 378 read 368.

» 84,1. 7, for 375 read 377.

» 87,1. 37, ‘orobus’ ete. should come at end of line 38.

89, 1. 20, V. Bobartii is figured in Syme, vol. iii. no. 394, add
1. Stour. Tadmarton.

91, 1. 30, for ‘ cerasus’ read ‘ Cerasus.’

92,1. 32, for fructicans read fruticans.

93, 1. 2, for ulmaria read Ulmaria; 1. 11, for filipendula read
Filipendula; 1. 12, after iii. insert—416; 1. 42, for 168 read
160.

94, Since I wrote the account of the Fruticose Rubi, Mr. J. G.
Baker has published a very valuable paper in the Journ. Bot.,
Jan., Feb., Mar., 1886, on the British Rubi and their relation to
the Continental types. The results of his investigations show
that the British plants :—plicatus, rhamnitfolius, villicaulis, mac-
rophyllus, Sprengelit, leucostachys (vestitus), infestus, Radula,
Koehleri, hystrix, rosaceus, hirtus, Bellardi are identical with
the German Types. But that in Britain we have been using the
names of the Rubi Germanict in a wrong sense for affinis, cordi-
folius, carpinifolius, discolor, Grabowskii, thyrsoideus, Lejeuntt,
foliosus, rudis, fuscoater, scaber, pallidus, Gunthert, humifusus.
1. 28, for now read non.

95, The variety cordifolius of R. rhamnifolius is identical, Mr.
Baker says, with R. Maasti, Focke. The original cordifolius Dr.
Focke looks upon as a rare endemic German type ; 1. 15,R.discolor
of Bab. is not the plant so named in Rubi Germ. Our British
plant is R. ulmifolius, Schott; 1. 21, B. thyrsoideus, W. This
again does not agree with German types. Dr. Focke refers our
plant to R. pubescens, W. and N., see Rubi Germ. t. 16.

96, BR. carpinifolius, WV. and N. does not agree with Continental
types, our plant may be R. montanus, Wirt.; 1. 28, Mr. J.G.
Baker would give subspecific rank to R. wmbrosus, Arrh., and
place it between macrophyllus and rhamnitfolius, and to R. cal-
vatus he would give the same grade and place it between villi-
caulis and rhamnifolius.

97,1. 1, Mr. Baker would give the preference to Bloxam’s name
of RB. mucronatus ; 1.13. this is not the German Rubi scaber,
but according to Mr. Baker, R. Babingtonii, Salt.; 1. 19, the
English rudis widely differs from the German type. Our plant
which is closely allied to Radula is probably R. echinatus, Lindl. ;
1. 35, for radula read Radula.

98, 1. 21, our pallidus is possibly shade grown Koehleri, it is allied
to apricus, Wimm; 1. 40, our fusco-ater does not agree with
German type. It may be the R. badius, Focke.

99.1. 3, our BR. Guntheri is identical with R. saltwum, Focke. It
should be called by the earlier name of R. flexuosus, Mull. and
Lefev.; 1. 11. BR. glandulosus, Bell, is probably identical with
R. Bellardi, W. and N.

101, 1. 3, enclose the account of Comarum in brackets as there is no

”

”
ADDITIONS, CORRECTIONS, ETC. 449

authentic Oxford record. The Rev. E. Fox believes he has seen
it by the Cherwell; 1. 11, for 148. 432 read 149. 433-

Page 102, 1.8, for tormentilla read Tormentilla; 1. 9, for 144 read

146; 1. 28, for fragariastrum read Fragariastrum.

109, 1. 24, for Cinnamomea read cinnamomea.

111, 1. 14, for Hook, J. read Hook, fil.

114, 1. 23, for 335 read 235.

116, 1. 28, for 489 read 408.

118, 1. 1, add—near Keble College, 1885; 1. 14, for 11 read 18.

119, 1. 25, for 524 read 514,

120, 1. 32, for acquatica read aquatica.

121, 1. 31, for 273 read 1273; 1. 39, insert—6. Thame, near Dor-
chester.

122, 1. 11, for vii. read viii. ; 1. 27, for salicaria read Salicaria.

123, 1. 2, for 38 read 3; 1. 28, for portula read Portula.

124, lL. 21, to 1175 add—and 1174; 1. 39, for umbilicus read Um-
bilicus.

127, 1. 10, for Muscosa read muscosa.

128, 1. 31, for SAKIFRAGRA read SAXIFRAGA.

180, 1. 5, for carota read Carota ; 1. 12, after iv. insert—160 ; 1. 28,
for anthriscus read Anthriscus.

182, 1. 4, for sphondylium read Sphondylium.

133, 1. 26, for cynapium read Cynapium ; 1. 31, for phellandrium
read Phellandrium.

187, 1. 14, for pecten read Pecten; 1. 21, for 133 read 113.

188, 1. 20, for 588 read 538; 1. 38, for amomum read Amomum,

139, 1. 40, for 584 read 5806.

140, 1. 28, for 116 read 111; 1. 34, for 579 read 577.

141, 1. 28, for sylvaticus read maritimus.

143, 1. 21, dasert—Syme, E. B. iv. 177. 631.

144, 1. 10, fur helix read Helix.

148, 1. 10, for Molugo read Mollugo.

152, 1. 14, for 331 read 231.

157, 1. 19, for 772 read 762.

158. S. squalidus, L. should have an asterisk prefired; add
Var. a. incisus, Gussone. SS. glaber, Reusch.

8. squalidus, L. Quoad specimina circa Oxford provenientia, et
ab amico Woods communicata, ‘foliis crassiusculis inciso-serratis,
inferioribus petiolatis oblongis, superioribus lanceolato-oblongis
cordato-amplexicaulibus subauriculatis.’ This occurs on waste
ground about Oxford. : :

Var. b. chrysanthemifolius, Guss., is the common plant on walls
at Oxford; this is distinguished by the ‘caule basi suffruticoso
ramosissimo, foliis tenuibus 1-2 pinnatifidis, laciniis distantibus
anguste linearibus denticulatis integrisve margine subrevolutis,’
but Gussone says it is not the plant of Hb. Banks. The form
bb ‘ foliorum laciniis distantibus’ also occurs. The var. 3,
Gussone states recedes towards var. u, to which perhaps it be-
longs. He also says that a specimen from the Oxford garden is
the var. ¢. microglossus, and is scarcely distinguishable. The
Oxford plant is referred by De Candolle in the Prodromus to var.
latilobus, D C., which variety is placed under S. vernalis, W. and
K. by Boissier. Probably Mr. Dyer’s ‘parviflorus’ belongs here.
Var. hybrida. 8. squalidus x vulgaris. Mr. Groves coincides

Gg
450

ADDITIONS, CORRECTIONS, ETC.

with me in considering some specimens of Senecio gathered about
Oxford to be natural hybrids of squalidus and vulgaris. They
were found on waste ground near Folly Bridge and near the
Tennis Courts.

Page 159. Senecio crassifolius, W. At Florence I went over this rather

oF

puzzling genus with Mr. Groves. He was quite convinced that
our plant is identical with Continental crassifolius. Gussone in
Flore Sicule says that Moretti does not separate crassifolius from
leucanthemifolius, and Boissier under the latter name includes
crassifolius, to which there is no doubt it is closely allied, the
linear spathulate leaves being the chief point of difference.
160. S$. vernalis, W. and K. should have an asterisk prefived, and
casual would perhaps better describe its occurrence here. The
specimens agreed with a plant so named by Dr. Boswell, but I
have not seen authentic Continental specimens. Our plants
appear to be closely allied to leucanthemifolius, but have a more
erect habit. Boissier in Flor. Orient. asserts that vernalis has
been frequently distributed under the name of vernus and crassi-
Solius.
Our Oxford Senecios are :—
S. crassifolius, WV. !
S. squalidus, L./
Var. a. incisus, Guss. !
Var. b. chrysanthemifolius, Guss. !

2 Var. c. microglossus. ? parviflorus, Dyer.
Var. hybrida=vulgaris x squalidus. !

8S. vernalis, W. and N. ?

And probably 8. leucanthemifolius, Poir.

I cannot help believing that all these with vernus, Biv., in-
crassatus, Guss., apulus, Ten., and humilis, Def., are hybrids of
vulgaris and squalidus. It is not a little singular that when
growing on walls in the absence of vulgaris, squalidus is fairly
constant, but on waste ground where both species occur, there is
extreme latitude in variation.

161, 1. 38, for 727 read 730.

166, 1. 8, for 337 read 737.

168, 1. 33, for 776 read 770.

170, 1. 11, Tussilago hybrida is figured in Syme, E. B. plate 784. It
is cultivated in the Botanical Garden,

171, 1. 18 for yor read 700.

181, 1.5, Mr. Boswell believes he has seen the true murorum in

Shotover Plantations.

187, 1. 10, for 8 read to.

188, 1. 20, for 11. 869 read 15.873. W.G. P. the recorder of C.
patula is, the Rev. F. Bennett informs me, Sir W. G. Phillimore.

191, 1. 5, for 870 read 879.

199, 1. 25, for 929 read 928.

200, 1. 9, Borago should have an asterisk attached ; |. 35, for 1116
read 1115.

208, 1. 16, for 92 read 96.

205, 1. 14, for 118 read 107.

208, 1. 36, prefix asterisk to S. melanocerasum.

215, 1. 35, Blatine should be spelled as Miller wrote it, Blatina.

219, 1. 2, for Sen. read Ten.
ADDITIONS, CORRECTIONS, ETC. 451

Page 220, 1. 20, for 992 read ggr.

222, 1. 14, for 1004 read 1002.

224, 1. 3, for 1017 read 1018.

225, 1. 32, for ‘purparea’ read ‘ purpurea.

228, 1. 6, for 94 read 74; 1. 24 for 1073 read 1074.

229. The cleistogamous form of LL. amplexicaule is as Mr. F. T.
Richards points out, the common plant of wall-tops about
Oxford.

231, 1. 2, for which includes read we have.

235, 1. 21, add—Syme, E. B. vii. 37. 1053.

236, 1.5, in Sherard’s European collection there is a specimen
which would take priority of Sibthorp’s record but it is without
date or locality except Oxon.

247, ‘aor 160 read 170; 1.15, for 1165 read 1163; 1. 34, for 17
read 174.

248, 1. 29, for ‘ Botryoides’ read ‘botryoides.’

250, 1. 29, for 1185 read 1186; 1. 38, for 1635 read 1185.

251, 1. 33, add—Syme, E. B. viii. 31. 1204.

252, 1. 8, for iv. 8 read viii. 4.

257, 1. 5, for 1251 read 1237.

261, 1.8, for helioscopia read Helioscopia; 1. 34, add—1262 at

end.

262, 1. 22, at Headington some plants of Hippophae in G.H. Morrell,
Esq.’s grounds have sent rootlets under the wall from which
young plants have sprung.

263, 1. 33, for 1283 read 131. 1280.

265, 1. 22, for ‘ structa’ read ‘ stricta.’

266, 1. 30, for‘ Vesca’ read ‘ vesca.’

269, 1. 6, for 149 read 194.

272, 1. 38, for 231 read 221.

275. S.repens, Z. Mr. F. T. Richards has an impression he has
seen it in Oxfordshire.

276, 1. 3, for 1337 read 1338; 1. 5, for 1336 read 1337.

281, 1. 11, for 71 read 68.

305, L. 10, for ix. 9. 1518 read ix. 187. 1518.

306. Insert three lines from bottom, under Ornithogalum umbella-
tum, ‘Denizen. Orchards, plantations, damp fields. Rare.
April-June.’

809, 1. 17, for 1505 read 1535.

310, 1. 11, for 1561 read 1560; 1. 16, Messrs. Holliday and Boswell
found J. diffusus in Bullingdon bog about 1870.

311, 1. 5, for 1516 read 1567.

312, 1. 2, for 1571 read 1576.

318, bottom line, for 1549 read 1551.

815, 1. 7, for 17. 1394 read 21. 1395.

318, 1. 38, for 1503 read 1533.

378, et seq. In the Botanical Garden Library are portraits in oil of
Jacob Bobart, Jun., Rob. Morison, Dillenius, John Sibthorp, and
Dr. Daubeny.

899. The names of Dr. Brayne who lived in the North of the
County, and Dr. Woodward of Bicester, should be added to the
list of Oxford workers. The latter was the finder of Lencojum
vernum. He,made an extensive collection of Oxfordshire plants
which it is believed is still in existence.
List

James Robertson, Esq.

W. D. Mayger, Esq.

Rev. S. J. W. Sanders, LL.D.

G. Herbert Morrell, 5

The Library, Lincoln Coll.

W. Warde Fowler, Esq., M.A.

Mrs. Charles Pochin.

Wm. Pamplin, A.L.S.

The Warden, St. Edward’s
School.

J. C. Wilson, Esq., M.A.

Charles Patey, Esq.

F. Walker, Esq.

The Library, Magaalen & pole

W. W. Fisher, Esq., M.A.

Rev. H. F. Tozer, M. a

Sir Henry Dashwood, Bart.

Dr. Jackson.

The Radcliffe Library.

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H. Boswell, Esq.

B. Savile Ogle, Esq.

The President of St. John’s
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The Provost of Queen’s Coll.

Rev. Edward Fox, M.A.

Wm. Kinch, Esq.

H. E. Garnsey, Esq., M.A.

Miss Meade.

Mrs. Odling.

Rey. F. Bennett. M.A.

E. Armstrong, Esq., M.A.

The Rev.the Rector of Lincoln
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Rev. L. R. Phelps, M.A.

T. W. Mallam, Esq., M.A.

T. H. Hopkins, Esq., M.A.

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Rev. F. H. Woods, M.A.

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Miss C. E. Palmer.

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W. Hart Baxter, Esq.

Mrs. Davis.

H. Goss, Esq.

The Libbarys Trinity ny eee

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Mrs. J. H. Gough.

Wm. Whitwell, Esq.

F. C. Roper, Esq., F.L.S.

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Rev. B. D’Oyly Aplin.

Prof. C. C. Babington, F.R.S.

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W. Holliday, Esq.

F. Townsend, Esq., M.A.

The Lord Lilford, F.LS.

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The President of Magdalen.

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Dr. C. Bigg.

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J. C. Mansel Pleydell, Esq.

Dr. R. Baker.

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Dr. Fraser.

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James Cunnack, Esq.

The late Principal of B.N.C.

Rev. H. E. Fox, M.A.

T. R. Archer Briggs, Esq.,
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Dr. Maxwell T. Masters.

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H. T. Mennell, Esq., F.L.S.

E. Chapman, Esq. e MA.

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Fred. King, Esq.

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Triibner & Co.

 

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Mrs. Combe.

Honourable Mrs. Barrington.

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C. R. Fletcher, Esq., M.A.

Sir Wm. Herschell, Bart.

Miss Thompson.

Jno. Thompson, Esq.

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W. W. Reeves, Esq., F.L.S.

W. Wicks, Esq.

W. Wesley & Son.

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Mrs. Davenport.

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J. Walker, Esq., M.A.

H. Blackwell, Esq.

Horace Pearse, Esq., F.L.S.

Prof. I. B. Balfour, M.A.

Botanic Garden Library.

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Rev. W. W. Newbould, M.A.

W. 4H. Allnute, Esq.

S. Alexander, Esq., M.A.

F. Plumptre, Esq., B.A.

L. Irwell, Esq.

O. V. Aplin, Esq.

E. A. Ryman Hall, Esq.

Dr. Spencer,

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Miss Marion Spencer.

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Rev. Alf. Redifer, NL. A.
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Rev. C. F.C. West, M.A.
G. H. Dawkins, Esq.

| Rev. H. Barnett. M.A.
~ Mrs.

H. B. Tayler.

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F. Tufnail, Esq.

Mrs. Bosworth.

J. Cosmo Melvill, Esq., F.L.S,

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Dr. C. D. Batt.

The Oxford Union Society.

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The Rev. the Principal of
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