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ALBERT R. MANN
LIBRARY

New York STATE COLLEGES
OF
AGRICULTURE AND HOME ECONOMICS

 

AT

CORNELL UNIVERSITY

 

 

 

 

 
Munna :
 

PROFESSIONAL PAPERS OF THE ENGINEER DEPARTMENT, U.S. ARMY.
No. 18.

-

 

REPORT

OF THE

GEOLOGICAL EXPLORATION OF THE FORTIETH PARALLEL,

MADE

BY ORDER OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR ACCORDING TO ACTS OF
CONGRESS OF MARCH 2, 1867, AND MARCH 3, 1869,

UNDER THE DIRECTION OF

BRIG. AND BVT. MAJOR GENERAL A. A HUMPHREYS,

CHIEF OF ENGINEERS,

BY

CLARENCE KING,

u. 8. GEOLOGIST.
VOLUME YV.
UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL EXPOLRATION OF THE FORTIETH PARALLEL.
CLARENCE KING, GEOLOGIST-IN-CHARGE.

BOTAN Y.

BY

SERENO WATSON,

AIDED BY

PROF. DANIEL C. EATON, AND OTHERS.

SUBMITTED TO THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS AND PUBLISHED BY ORDER OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR
UNDER AUTHORITY OF CONGRESS,

ILLUSTRATED BY A MAP AND FORTY PLATES.

ood

WASHINGTON:
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE.
Lez 1.
@ 39445
TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Page
INTRODUCTORY GMTTRR 20. ai Luaubae see Deine eGhiadaee aeaweeceseluas ix
CRENEB AT: EP Oma ii da.cosse.Gotou ay an de iteck Sees ee Oke Lea ‘ xili
GEOGRAPHICAG NOTRBesecde sede giesciwaceedeusdeecbenesceda cs xiii
MerRoRnorocterr, NOTEscc ices ese eee es eRe Gea oekaes xvii
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VEGETATION..-.---.-.--- XXil
Nae One: 624, MAwie datos otde noone heeds aye aeas ey Xxix
Mounrain Flora OF THE Baste: <.0-<9-ues seceskoeeues Ji? SRI
FLorA oF THE WASATCH AND UINTAS AND OF THE WASHOE
INI GUN AOMING ae tte ee aig See epee clan ere nlcices XXXVli
SouTHERN Fiora or Nevapa anp Utan................-2.. xl
IntrRopuceD Puants...-. .. RA etal en teeth ceinae ras. xli
Résumé oF DistrisuTion AND RANGE .............--.22--00- xli
LRVETOGAMIC I HONsa hse has ee ieecdwaeceiadseeesdeorose.odas xlvii
AGRICUMEDRAD IESOURCHS)<scaietiaetd insane seleageueesyes xlviil
CHONCTUSION vaste 96 cpin Geri akeaengexe! ape SenreaieeReuereaaD : lii
CATALOGUE OF THE KNoWN Puiants oF NevapA AND UTAH WITH
DESCRIPTIONS OF SUCH GENERA AND SPECIES AS DO NOT
OCCUR EAST OF THE MISSISSIPPI.-.-.----.-.-----------.-0- J
ADDITIONS TO THE CATALOGUR: sce aves vase res Geokind vee eeresaces 416, 496
APPENDIX—SYNOPSES OF GENERA ---.0-----0 0-2-2 cece eee eee eens 427

Inpex To CATALOGUE. AND APPENDIX ....-...-.----202ceeee cece eeeeee 499
LIST OF PLATES.

The Plates illustrating the present volume, as well as the accompanying
Map, were engraved and printed by Junius Bren, of New York. The
original drawings were executed by Mr. J. H. Emerroy, of Salem, Mass.

Map of the Northern portions of Nevada and Utah. .....--..--- facing page 1
PLATE I. Ranuncutus Anpersoni and Var. TENELLUS.-do..- 7
It” ARRPIS TLONGEROSTRIG .2cluitewscondceeecse can do.cse AF
III. Caunanraus RASTATUS ..22.-.6....0t0ssereceons djs 2S
IV. Leprpium pictyotum, L. Fremonrir and L.
NANUMS co cace tink chee moet Lee eae aes do 30
Vo CUmOMr SPARSIPORIALs access vatescnewessedeeas do--.. 32
VI Sreviarta Kine, Crayronté UMBELLATA
and CALYPTRIDIUM ROSEUM. ..---.------+-- do.... 44
VIL. Lupinus srevicauiis and L. uncrIALIS.....-.. do.... 54
VII. Trirotium Gymnocarron and T. Anpinum..--do.... 62
TX. Daes PoLYDENIA............ Sop eeuenuunecods. do.... 64
X. Daves Kine and AsTRAGALUS CALYCOsUS...-do---- 66
Xi, ASTRAGALUS ATRATUS 2225. 55.deic decd imines do.... 69
XIT. AsrraGatus prerocarrus and A. sIMPLict-
BOLMISS stacy eee Bee Se ees do.... 71
XIII. Astrragatus sesunus aud A. TEGETARIUS....- descxe 96
XIV. CENOTHERA PTEROSPERMA, OROGENIA LINEARI-
FOLIA and GALIUM BIFOLIUM....-........-. do.... 120
XV. BrRICKELLIA LINIFOLIA and B. oBLONGIFOLIA,
Vor) RSBRNV IAT coceets een eek ewes eee: MO css. 137
XVI. Aster Kine and A. PULCHELLUS............ dés.ce 142
XVII. Townsenpia SCAPIGERA and ERIGERON STEN-
OPA Yi UM iat week cinc at aang aaa iets do.... 152
XVIII. Coanactis MacRantHa and Burrixiia NIVEA..do.... 174
XIX: TAanacETEM DIVERSIFOLIUM, T. canum and

ii

ARTEMISIA SPINESCENS..-.-----------+-2---- do...--

180
PLATE

XXI.
XXII.

AAT,

XXIV.

XXV.

XXVI.

XXVIU.
XXVIII.

XXIX.
XXX,
XXXI.
XXXII.
XXXII.
XXXIV.

XXXV.
XXXVI.

XXXVIL.

XXXVIII.

XXXIX.
XL.

XX.

BOTANY.

STEPHANOMERIA MYRIOCLADA, 8S. PANICULATA,
S. pxicua, 8. PENTACHEZTA and GuyPto-

PLEURA. MARGINATA s<. 004: 05 evacuees eee facing page 198
ANTIRRHINUM Kine and A. VAGANS....-...-- dou... 216
SyNTHYRIS PINNATIFIDA and CoRDYLANTHUS

RUN Gi es ee eae nee uaa eet do..-. 227
MERTENSIA BREVISTYLA, L!RITRICHIUM KINGU,

E. guomeratum and Var., EcHInosPERMUM

Repowsku and Var., and E. PATULUM...-... do.... 246
TRICARDIA WATSONI.-.--.-------2-s eee reer eee do..-. 258
CoLLOMIA LEPTALEA, Gitia BicELovi and

Gre NUTRADIT conc ea0cnr a ovedeeeesksen ee dows. 263
Git1a Warsont, G. LEPTOMERIA, and G. cAM-

PAN ULATA cetera Sh eae ce aaa AGicces 2Et
NIcoTiaNa aTrenuara and N. BiGELovI..---- do..-. 276
Oryctes NEVADENSIS and ASCLEPIAS CRYP-

TOCE RAGE Gis .cak Aeon Oas Ses ois Haleeneieaee do.... 275
Eirytur@a NUTTALLIL.-.----...---00 -e-e eee do.... 277
HESPEROCHIRON CALIFORNICUS ...------------- do...- 281
ABRONIA TURBINATA and A. UMBELLATA.....--- do..-. 285
HERMIDIUM ALIPES..-.-.....22- 200002 ees nee eee do..-. 286
ERIoGONUM NUTANS and OxytTHEeca Wartsont...do-.--. 307
OXYTHECA PERFOLIATA and CHoRIZANTHE

WAS ONT ce eee uta vije ate Sa ek as ees do..-. 312
BETULA OCCIDENTALIS --..--..-.2.0 0020020000008 do.--- 323
LEUCOCRINUM MONTANUM, ALLIUM ANCEPs, A.

FALCIFOLIUM and A. UNIFOLIUM............-. do.-.. B49
ALLIUM BISCEPTRUM, A. SERRATUM, A. ACUMI- °

natuM, A. Sansornt, A. ATTENUIFOLIUM,

“Sl Gay De MUM BR owae es 2s 6G Soy ieee oe do.... 351
Auiium NrvapensE, A. ATRORUBENS, A. TRI-

BRACTEATUM, A. BiGELovil and scaposum..-..do.-.. 352
HPREDRA ANTISYPRILITICA 0.05. cascettwnnces, QO:a0< 230
ERremocuior Kinen, E. Bigktovu and Prt-

raed: (RPGs. an pias elieevauomuntoekar ac do.... 396
OrriceE or THE U. 8. GroLogicaL EXPLORATION
OF THE FortrreTH PARALLEL.
New Haven, August, 1871.

Genera: Herewith I have the honor to transmit Volume V of the
Geological Exploration of the 40th Parallel. It is a report on the Botany
of the region embraced within my lines of study, and has been made in
obedience to your instructions of March 22, 1867.

The field investigations, as well as analytical and literary labor, have been
performed by Mr. Sereno Watson. Very generous herbarium facilities
were placed at his disposal by Professor Danrex C. Eaton of Yale College,
who also contributes a valuable paper to the volume.

Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
CLARENCE KING,
Geologist in charge.
Brigadier General A. A. Humpureys,
Chief of Engineers, U. S. Army,
Washington, D. C.
GENERAL REPORT.

GerocrapuicaL Nores. The territory within which botanical collections
have been made in connection with the United States Geological Survey of
the 40th Parallel lies wholly within the limits of Northern Nevada and Utah.
It forms a narrow tract at no point exceeding seventy miles in width, between
the meridians of 111° and 120°, and extending from the parallel of 39° at the
southwestern limit to that of 42° at the northeastern. This region constitutes
the northern portion of what was at first designated as the “ Great Basin,” the
high plateau, without outlet for its waters, separated on the north by low
divides from the valley of the Snake River and continuing southward until it
merges into the desert of the Lower Colorado. Geologically considered,
however, as well as botanically, the term is now properly made to include the
whole similar arid stretch of country northward to the plains of the Colum-
bia in latitude 48°.

The lofty and unbroken range of the Sierras bounds this section of the
Basin on the one side by its steep eastern slope, entering Nevada at only a single
point, where it throws over the border a high flanking spur, the Washoe
Mountains. On the opposite side lies the broad and nearly equally elevated
system of the Wahsatch, broken through by the Bear, Weber, and Provo
Rivers, which head among the peaks of the adjoining Uintahs. The interven-
ing space, 450 miles broad in latitude 42°, but narrowed by the convergence
of the opposing mountains to about 200 miles in latitude 37°, is for the most
part occupied by numerous short and somewhat isolated minor ranges, having
a general north and south trend, and at average distances of about twenty
miles. The bases of these ranges are usually very narrow, even in the most
elevated rarely exceeding eight or ten miles in breadth, the slopes abrupt and
the lines of foothills contracted, the mesas grading at a low and uniform angle
into the broad uninterrupted valleys. Over the larger portion of the territory,
and especially in Nevada, the combined areas of the valleys and the area
occupied by the mountains and accompanying foothills are very nearly equal.
Xiv BOTANY.

The main depressions within this region are two, one at the base of the
Sierras at a level of about 3,850 feet above the sea, into which flows all of
drainage there is from the whole northern half of Nevada and from the
eastern slope of the Sierras, the other the “Great Salt Lake Basin,” at an
altitude 400 feet greater, close upon the base of the Wahsatch and receiving
the waters from that range above latitude 40° and from the northeastern por-
tion of the Uintas. Into the first flow the Truckee, Carson, Quinn’s, and
Humboldt Rivers. The Truckee is a clear cold stream, which issues from
Lake Tahoe in the Sierras and after a rapid descent breaks through the
Virginia Mountains and turning north soon empties into Pyramid and
Winnemucca Lakes. These are much the deepest of all the lakes of the
Basin, being hemmed in by mountains, and are moderately saline. The
Carson River also rises in the Sierras, farther to the south, but after leaving
the base of the mountains is a less rapid stream and gradually becomes
somewhat alkaline. Inclining more to the eastward it forms a small
shallow lake on the border of Carson Desert, and thence issues in a number
of devious channels, and is finally spent in an extensive “sink” or alkaline
mud plain of some twenty or thirty milesin diameter. Of a like character are
the ‘‘Mud Lakes,” lying north of Pyramid Lake and fed by Quinn’s River,
which has its source in southeastern Oregon. Beyond the limits of the sur-
vey to the south are Walker’s and some other smaller lakes, supplied by
streams from the Sierras, but all strongly saline.

From this western depression the general level of the country rises
gradually eastward very nearly to the border of Nevada, where the
valleys have an altitude of about 6,000 feet. Here in the northeastern part
of the State the Humboldt River takes its rise, by far the most important
river of the basin, not only as the longest but as opening a passage for
300 miles to the Central Pacific Railroad through the mountain ranges that
would otherwise have proved a serious obstruction. It is nowhere a large
stream, receives very few affluents, and in some parts of its course is very
tortuous. It at length spreads out into Humboldt Lake, shallow and sub-
alkaline, and from this the little remaining surplus water finds its way in a
manner similar to the Carson River into the same sink.

The descent of 2,000 feet from Eastern Nevada into the Great Salt
Lake Basin is almost immediate, nearly the whole northwestern portion of
Utah being an alkaline desert, broken by fewer mountain or hill ranges and
GENERAL REPORT. XV

but little above the level of the lake. The lake itself is for the most part
very shallow, in no place over fifty feet in depth, the waters a concen-
trated solution of salt. As with all these sheets of water the shore-line and
consequent area vary greatly in different years.

The intermediate ranges of the Basin are very similar to each other
in character. They vary in altitude from one to six thousand feet above
the valleys, culminating in occasional peaks scarcely ever so rugged that
they cannot be ascended from some direction upon mules. They are cut
up by numerous ravines or ‘‘ cafions,” which are narrow, very rarely with an
acre of intervale or surface approaching to a level, the sides sometimes rocky
or precipitous, more frequently sloping to the summits of the lateral ridges.
In geological structure these ranges are more or less complicated, showing
rocks of all ages from the azoic to the glacial period, here metamorphic rocks,
quartzites, slate, and limestones, there an outburst of granite or syenite, vol-
canic rocks of often the most diverse and picturesque colors, or broad table-
lands of lava overflow. The erosion and decomposition of these various
rocks have filled the valleys to a monotonous level with a detritus of gravel,
sand, or silt, and given to them that accumulation of alkaline salts which is
so marked a peculiarity of the country.

With few exceptions also these mountains are for most of the year
wholly destitute of water, with but small rivulets in the principal cafions,
frequently with only scanty springs here and there at their bases, irri-
gating a few square yards of ground. Even where the mountain supply is
sufficient to send a stream into the valleys it is usually either soon entirely
evaporated, sinks into the porous soil, or becomes demoralized with alkali
and is “lost” in the mud of the plain. The lowest portion of nearly every
valley is occupied by some extent of alkali flat, where in the winter season
the water collects and the softened clay-like mud is bottomless and im-
passable. As the moisture evaporates under the heat of coming summer the
level naked surface becomes hard and pavement-like, or covered with a
snowy incrustation or deposit of salt or carbonates. The springs and wells
even are often more or less saline, and thermal springs are not rare.

The chief exceptional ranges in northern Nevada, which from their
greater altitude receive heavier snowfalls in winter, retained through the year
in greater or less quantity in the more sheltered depressions of the higher

peaks, and which in summer are subject to more abundant rains, are the
xvi BOTANY.

West Humboldt Mountains, 100 miles east of the California state-line, the
East Humboldt Mountains, 75 miles from the Utah line, and the Toyabes,
nearly intermediate between the two. Star Peak is the highest point of the
first range, with an altitude of nearly 10,000 feet, but with little deposit of
snow and the vegetation of the summit scarcely subalpine. Several constant
streams here flow from the principal eastern cafions and reach the middle of
the valley, where they supply irrigation for as many small ranches. The Toyabe
range, especially in its southern portion, is higher, several of its peaks having
an altitude of from 10,000 to 12,000 feet, with more snow and. fuller streams.
The waters of the eastern slope are spent in Smoky Valley. On the western
side lies Reese River, flowing northward toward the Humboldt of which it
is a reputed tributary. In the upper portion of its course of 150 miles it is
reénforced to some extent by the drainage of the Shoshone Mountains, a
rather high range west of the Toyabes, but as it nears Humboldt Valley it
diverges into side-channels and seldom has volume sufficient to reach the
main river itself.

The East Humboldt Mountains are by far the most stern and alpine of
all these ranges, the main peaks between 11,000 and 12,000 feet in height,
precipitous and ragged, the deeper cafions evidently scooped out by glaciers,
gemmed with snow-fed lakes beneath the peaks and carrying full streams into
the valleys. The southern portion, however, below Frémont’s Pass, is less
rugged and of different geological structure, mainly of nearly horizontal strata
of limestone. The cafions here, often mere gorges with close precipitous walls,
are perfectly dry on the eastern slope, the melting snows sinking almost im-
mediately, but reappearing at the base in bold ice-cold springs. The water
from these springs and streams unites to form Ruby and Franklin Lakes,
bodies of nearly fresh water, very shaliow and largely occupied by a dense
growth of “Tule,” (Scirpus validus.) As usual in these ranges the western
slope is much the more gentle, with a broader line of foothills. The streams
upon this side form the South Fork of the Humboldt. The ‘Clover Mount-
ains” of the Catalogue form the northern extremity of this range, isolated by a
depression known as Secret Valley, but of equal height and similar character.

Such is a general description of the country as far east as the foot of
the Wahsatch in Utah. These mountains, upon a broad base of nearly fifty
miles in width, and with an irregular crest-line 10-12,000 feet high, have a
system of long deep well-watered cafions, often exceedingly rocky and some-
GENERAL REPORT. Xvii

times cleft like a gateway to the valley level, with perpendicular mountain
walls on each side, but usually opening out at some part.of their course into
meadow-like basins or “parks.” The prevalent western winds deposit their
moisture, which they have gathered in the traverse of the Basin, in abundant
snows in winter and at other seasons in frequent and occasionally heavy rains.
The upper cafions and mountain slopes are to some extent timbered, much
more generally so than in any of the ranges westward, and the naked peaks
above have a truly alpine vegetation. The Uintas, which connect immedi-
ately with the Wahsatch and extend eastward on the line of the 41st parallel
for a distance of 150 miles to Green River, where they meet the outspurs
of the Rocky Mountains of Colorado, have more of the character of those
mountains, with broad open cafions and extended lines of foothills, the peaks
overtopping those of the Wahsatch, glacier-scored and polished at the north-
ern base, but the declivity upon the opposite side stretching southward beyond
the limits of vision in a high plateau broken only by the deeply-worn channels
of numerous rapid streams, tributaries of the Uinta and Green Rivers.

MetgoroLogicaL Notes. The climate of the Basin in this latitude
may be said in general to be characterized by a very dry atmosphere and
consequent small amount of rain and snow, especially in the valleys, and by
a cold winter and correspondingly hot summer, the greatest extremes of each
kind occurring at the lower altitudes of the western depression. The data,
however, for definite general statements are scanty. No measurement of the
rainfall at any point in the Great Basin has.been reported. It varies greatly
with the altitude and is probably considerably more ppon the eastern slope
of the mountains than upon the western. Though any statement of the
average annual amount must be largely conjectural, yet it may be roughly
estimated at eighteen inches, of which one-half may be considered as falling
between the months of April and November inclusive. In the warmer
months the rains are always limited and of short duration, centering about
the mountain peaks and occasionally very severe. Dews and frosts are almost
wholly unknown.

Field-notes taken in Western Nevada in 1867 show that from the last
week in July to August 31st only ten days were nearly cloudless, while on
thirteen days there was rain, though in most cases only in sprinkles or light
showers at the place of observation. In September, ten days again were
wholly without clouds though exceedingly hazy, as was also the case in August,

iti
xviil BOTANY.

and on five days there was rain. On the 16th, snow fell on Star Peak. In
October, twelve days are recorded as clear and no rain fell on the remainder.
In November, six days only were clear and on five days rain, with snow upon
the mountains on the 6th, and the unusual occurrence of frost on the 23d
and 25th in the lower Humboldt Valley, though since early in October the
minimum of the thermometer had often been below the freezing point.
December was much more generally cloudy and with several heavy storms, a
rain on the 8th continuing all-day. On the 17th, a foot or more of snow fell,
which drove the party in from the field, followed on the 23d by a very severe
rainstorm that was repeated on the 30th and 31st.

The winter of 1867-8 was spent at Carson City, at the base of the
Sierras, in about latitude 39°10’ and at an elevation of 4,700 feet. Here a
snow fell early in January to the depth of about a foot, which remained until
March, reénforced by occasional very light snows, the outskirts of severer
storms in the mountains above. Though more or less cloudy through March
very little rain fell until the 1st of April, and warm spring-like weather
began two weeks later. Flowers appeared at once and vegetation advanced
rapidly, so that on the 8th of May the party again took the field, depending
upon grass for the support of the animals. For six weeks later the weather
was unsettled with occasional light snows and showers, two or three times
continuing nearly all day. The last slight snowfall was on the 24th of June,
and summer immediately followed.

In the three months from July to September, 1868, which were spent
principally in the vicinity of the East Humboldt Mountains, there were
eleven days in July and five days in early August upon which rain fell, mostly
in severe thunder storms originating upon the peaks and passing eastward over
the valleys. From that time until the 10th of October there was but a single
light shower.

The only basis upon which the mean annual temperature of this region
can at present be calculated is found in the unpublished observations made
at the several military posts, under the direction of the Medical Department
of the United States Army. These records for the years 1867 and 1868
made at Camp Douglas near Salt Lake City, at an altitude of about 4,500
feet, show a mean temperature for the months of August, July, September,
and June, (arranging the months in the order of their temperatures,) of
10.8° F.; for October, May, April, and November, of 51.0°; for December
GENERAL REPORT. xi

March, February, and January, of 32.8°; giving a mean annual rate of 51.5°.
The monthly means range from 28.6° in January to 76.2° in August. At
the more elevated stations in Northern Nevada, (Fort Ruby, Camp Halleck,
Camp Scott, Camp McDermit, and Camp McGarry,) the corresponding
averages appear very nearly four degrees lower, October only having a dif-
ference of twice that amount and ranking after the month of May instead of
before it. On the other hand the temperature at Fort Churchill on the
Carson River in Western Nevada, at an altitude of 4,284 feet, from March
to September ranged from two to four degrees higher than at Camp Douglas,
though from October to December nearly as much lower.

During the winter of 186768 at Carson City, the month of December,
as stated, was mild, with an average daily maximum of not less than
50° and a mean minimum of about 20°. January, on the other hand, was
remarkably cold, with a mean maximum of about 26° and a corresponding
minimum of 10°, the observed extremes of temperature being 35.5° and
—10.0°. This cold term continued through February, the mean daily maxi-
mum of that month being about 35° and the minimum below 10°, and for
the first half of the month 6°, the extreme maximum observed being 50.5°
and the extreme minimum —16.0°. It is very notable that in Virginia City
on the eastern slope of Mount Davidson, twelve miles distant and at an
elevation nearly 1,500 feet greater, the temperature was uniformly and con-
siderably higher.

The thermometrical observations taken in the field in 1867 and 1868
were not, sufficiently continuous at any one station or altitude to authorize
any very positive general deductions. The following series of readings, or
when possible means of readings, will fairly illustrate, however, in some degree
the daily range of temperature, the usually great dryness of the air as
shown by the differences of the dry and wet bulb thermometers, the heat of
the direct sun’s rays as shown by the black bulb thermometer, and the amount
of night radiation as shown by the minimum thermometer, while some other
matters are noted as of interest in this connection. The first table is con-
fined mainly to the low valleys of Western Nevada, the second to the higher
_ valleys of Eastern Nevada, and the third to the mountain summits. It should
be stated that the wet bulb was always fully exposed to whatever wind was
blowing, as thus securing reliable indications of the actual evaporating power
of the air under existing conditions.
xx

BOTANY.

1. Thermometrical observations at stations in the valleys of Western Nevada.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

' oe Ok |)
. 2 3 5 5 a Notes. i
Station. g Date. Hour. B 5 » 'y otes.!
3 p|/2)e] 8
a Aa|/e /aj a
OR | SR, | OR. | et:

Truckee Desert.......| 3974 | July 29 | 9.00 a. m. | 84.0] 56.0 | 28.0 | 139.0 | At zo.15, BB. Ther. 142.5° and temp.
of light-colored sand, 130°. Max.
r05.6°.

4258 29 | 12.15 p. mM. | 94.0 | 58.3 | 35.7
30 | 5.00 a. m. | 69.0 | 51.0 | 18.0 Cloudy. Min.,61.6°. Temp. of sand,
69°.

Carson Desert........ 4267 31 | 8.20a. m. | 73-5 | 64.3] 9.2 Thunder-storm last evening and cloudy

12.00 mM. 85.0 | 65.2 | 19.8 at night.
7.00 p. mM. | 83.0 | 62.0 | 21.0
Aug. I] 5.00 a. m. | 65.0| 58.8 | 6.2
Hill...| 4824 98.0 | 62.0 | 36.0
4137 85.0 | 60.2 | 24.8
4036 -™m. | 66.4 | 57.3] 9.x Minimum, 66°.
4107) > evs ievsinieceiaseic Io.30 a. M. | 94.0 | 66.3 | 27.7 | 160.0 | Temp. of Carson River, 75.5°.
Hill...] 4596 |.......... 2.00 p. M. | 93.0 | 62.0 | 31.0 Rain at 12.30. Temp. of rain 70.5°.
4036 4] 6.00 a. m. | 67.5 | 60.4] 7.1 Min., 51°. Max., 99.6°.
1.00 P. M. | 99-0 | 65.0 | 34.0 | 177.6 | Temp. of soil, (gray clay,) 128°.
Soda Lake.} 3906 5| 7-15 a Mm. | 74.5 | 60.0] 14.5 | r25.5 | Minimum, 61°.
BIBT | eitreyevessicees 2.00 p.m. | 99.4 | 62.2 | 37.2 | 162.0 | Temp. of volcanic sand, 152°.

Humboldt Desert..... 3893 6} 5.00 a, m. | 65.7] 51.0 | 14.7

' " 2.00 p. M. | 96.5 | 63.5 | 33.0] 165.5 | Temp.of clay soil, 132°. Max., 100.8°.
Temp. of Humboldt Riverat7p.m.,
74°.

Truckee Valley....... 3995 | Aug. 13] 6.00 a. m. | 47.5 | 45.9] 1.6 Mean readings for six days. A week

to2z. | 8.00 a. m. | 66.9 | 53.0 | 13.9 of very uniform weather, with no |
10.00 a. M. | 80.1 | 55.7 | 24.4 | 157.7 | showers, few clouds, and light winds.
12.00 Mm. 87.7 | 61.0 | 26.7 | 164.2 Mean Min., 40.9°. Mean Max.,
3-00 p. M. | 90.4 | 59.1 | 31.3 | 151-7 93.0° +. Max. difference of wet and
5.00 p. M. | 87.4 | 57.4 | 30.0 | 127.3 dry bulb Ther., 37.5°.
8.00 p. M. | 71.4 | 52.6 | 18.8 :
Humboldt Valley, Ore-] 4036 Aug. 29/ 7.00 a. m. | 58.7] 49.9 | 8.8 Continuation of similar weather. Mean
ana, toSept. | to.00 a. m. | 79.8 | 56.2 | 23.6 | 157-5 Min., 47.5°. Mean Max., 96.2°.
I. 12.00 Mm. 87.0 | 59-5 | 27.5 | 162.7 Max. difference of wet and dry bulb
2.00 p. M. | go.2 | 61.1 | 29,1 | 173.2 Ther., 33.7°.
7.00 p. Mm. | 7z.1 | 57.1 | 14.0
West Humboldt Mts., | 488: | Sept. 4 7-00 a. m. | 57.7 | 41.2 | 16.5 Evaporation in exposed vessel in 24
western base on mesa to 11. | 10.00 a. m. | 75.7 | 50.9 | 24.8 hours, .5335’; in tent shade, .2871’.
at mouth of canon. 12,00 m. 82.0 | 53.6 | 28.4 | 163.3
2,00 Pp. m. | 84.1 | 54.0 | 30.1 | 154.7
7-00 Pp. M. | 69.7 | 46.8 | 22.9
West Humboldt Mts.,] 5269 | Oct.gto| 7.00 a. m. 53-6 | 41.3 | 12.3
eastern side at Union- I2. 9.00 a. m. | 62.1 | 48.8 | 13.3 | 161.8
ville within mouth of Iz.00 m, 67.5 | 48.8 | 18.7 | r71.9
canon. 3-00 p. M. | 69.6 | 50.4 | 19.2 | 162.7
5-00 p. M. | 62.2 | 48.2 | 14.0

Humboldt Valley.....] 4190 | Oct. 15 7:00 @ m. | 34.8 | 28.9] 5.9 Mean of 7 morning readings. Mean

to 25. | 8.00 a. m. | 41.1 | 32.9] 8.2 Min., 22.2°. Lowest Min., 4.8°.

Truckee Valley, Glen- | 4372 May 10] 9.00 a. m. | 57.6 | 46.6 | x1.0 133.2 | Frost.

dale. I2.00 Mm. 65.6 | 48.5 | 17.2} 134.5
3-00 Pp. M. | 69.4 | 48.3 | 2x. | 129.0 | Maximum, 77.5°.
7,00 Pp. M. | 64.8.) 46.8 | 18.0
West Humbo.dt Mts.,} 5169 | June 5} 6.00a. m. | 51.4 | 44.4] 7.0
Unionville. to7. | 10.00 a. m. | 63.5 | 48.9 14.6 | rx8.7
1.00 Pp. M. | 67.4 | 48.3 | 19. | 131.6
6.00 p. m. | 64.4 | 47.8 | 16.6

 

 

 

 
GENERAL REPORT.

XXi1

1. Thermometrical observations—Continued.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3 aie | 214
Station. 3 Date. Hour. a 5 2 e Notes.
S Oo
Z Flelai a
ORG. ||) SR. | eRe) - oF.
Same Station.......... June 20] 6.004. m. | 65.1 | 52.7 | 12.4] 88.8
to 2x. | to.00 a. m. | 76.0 | 57.6 | 18.4 | 142.2
" y.00 p.m. | 80.6 | 56.1 | 24.5 | 145.8
6.00 p. m. | 74.2 | 53.9 | 20.3 | 134-4
Summit Springs.......] gooot+} June 28 | 6.00 a. m. | 58.8] 40.4] 9-4 | 113.0 | Minimum, 42.7°.
Io.00 a. Mm. | 76.3 | 52.1 | 24.2 | 160.6 .
1.00 p.m. | 80.8 | 51.6 | 29.2 | 153.2 | Maximum, 83.0°.
6.00 p.m. | 75.2 | 49.6 | 25.6 | 134.6
2. Thermometrical observations at stations in the valleys of Eastern Nevada.
Smoky Valley........ 5600 | July 7] 2.00 p.m. | 82.0] 57.5 | 24.5 Partially clouded, with rain in the south
6.00 p. m. | 68.4 | 55.7 | 12.7 and east.
8] 5.00 a. m. | 44.8 | 42.3] 2.5 Clear. Heavydew. Min., 36.6°.
Monitor Valley....... 5600 10,00 a. Mm. | 76.8 | 60.6 | 16.2 Clouded.
, 2,00 p.m. | 76.1 | 57.6 |] 18.5
Ruby Valley on mesa | 6300 | July 12] 7.00 4a. m. | 66.3 | 56.2 | 10.1 Means of 11 days’ readings. Mean
line at base of East to 26. | 10.00 a. m. | 78.3 | 58.2 | 20.1 | 151.8 Min., 41.7°. Mean Max., 85.5°.
Humboldt Mts. 2.00 p. m. | 80.9 | 57.0 | 23.9 | 150.4 Lowest Min., 21.6°. Highest Max.,
7.00 p.m. | 70.3 | 51.3 | 19.0° and the extreme of the season, 9o.5°.
Huntington Valley....| 6000+] Aug. 20| 7.00 a. m. | 66.6 | 50.9 | 15.7
& 21, | 12.00 m. 79-3 | 55-9 | 23-4
Thousand Spring Val- | 6000 | Sept. 27 | 7.00 a. m. | 67.6 | 49.4 | 18.2 Mean Min. from Sept. 20 to Oct. 8,
ley. : 3.00 p. m. | 81.2 | 55.2 | 26.0 24.4°; lowest Min., 3.0°.
6,00 p.m, | 60.2 | 46.4 | 13.8
3. Thermometrical observations on peaks in Northern Nevada.
Y
Virginia Mountains...| 7230 | July 30] 12.00 m. 81.6 | 55.5 | 26.1 | 134.5
8360 | Aug. 17} 12.00 a. m. | 68.3 | 45.2 | 23.1 | 116.0 | Wind west, fresh. =
West Humboldt Mts..} gozr | Sept. 12| x.00 p.m. | 54.0 | 34.0 | 20.0 | 127.6 | Wind west, very strong.
9882 1g| 1.00 p.m. | 44.7 | 34.5 | 10.2 | 137.0 | Clear, Wind east, strong.
3-15 P.M. | 45.4 | 35-4 | 10.0 | 142.5
9095 at | 12.30 p.m. | 60.8 | 43.4 | 17.4 | 138.0 | Wind east, light.
Pah-Ute Mountains...} 7423 23 | 12.00 Mm. 74.4 | 49-2 | 25.2 | 152.0 | Wind south, fresh.
8238 27 | 2.30 p.m. | 66.6 | 5t.3 | 15.3 | 133-5 | Wind south, fresh.
7997 | Oct. 1.30 p.m. | 64.6 | 43.8 | 20,8 | 120.5 | Wind west, strong.
8432 2| 4.30 p.m. | 48.7 | 35-2 | 13-5 Wind south, fresh.
Lake Range.. 8140 | Nov. 13] r.oo p.m. | 45.3 | 35-2 | 10.1 | 128.0 | Wind south, fresh.
Havallah Mountains..| 9314 | June 25) 5.30 p.m. | 36.7] 30.6] 6.1 Clear. Wind west, strong.
Battle Mountains.....] 8530 30 | 2.00 p.m. | 64.9 | 43-3 | 21-6 | 127.6 | Clear. Wind west, strong.
East Humboldt Mts...] gooo | July 27 | 3.00 p.m. | 61.0} 47.4 | 13.6 Cloudy. Wind south, light.
8000 | ° go | 11.00 a m. | 73.2 | 59-8 | 13-4 ]-seeeeee Wind east, light.
8500 | Aug. 4] 1z.00 p.m. | 62.8 | 46.7 | 16. Wind west, very strong.
8000 6 | rz.00 a. m, | 61.8 | 42.0 | 19.8 |.......- Clear. Wind west, fresh.
gooo 18 | g.ooa. m. | 66.2 | 45.0 | 21.2 |-...-0ee Wind east, moderate.
10000 12,00 M. 54.5 | 38.0 | 16.5 Very hazy. Wind east, moderate.
8000 2x] 1.00 p.m. | 72.3 | 51.3 | 21.0 ]........] Nearly clear. Wind east, fresh.
Clover Mountains.....| rogsq | Sept. 7] 3.30 p.m. | 43.2 | 37-5] 5-7 Wind west, fresh.
8098 ir | 7.00 p.m. | 41.6 | 32.4 | 9-2 In canon, clear. Wind east, light.
iz | 7.30 a m. | 45.0 | 37-7 | 7-3 } Clear. Min., 26.0°.
8942 14 | 7.30 a. m. | 42.8 | 32.6 | 10.2 Head of canon, clear. Wind west,
moderate.
11060 12,00 M, 49.8 | 39.0 | 10.8 Clear. Wind west, fresh.

 

 

 

 
xxii BOTANY.

The degree of dryness of the air is also shown by the results of a series
of careful measurements of the actual amount of evaporation taking place in
vessels of water exposed to the full influence of sun and wind. The portion
of these measurements made during fifteen days in June, fifteen days in July,
and fourteen days in August, 1868, give very closely approximating means,
and a general average daily evaporation of .5107 inches. Of this amount
4019 inches, or very nearly four-fifths, were evaporated between 6.00 a. M.
and 6.00 p.m. The maximum evaporation for any hour observed was .0607
inches, and the largest amount recorded during any six hours is .8333 inches
between 10 a. m.and 4 Pp. M., as shown in the following readings for July 23d,
at Camp Ruby. 3

Record of Evaporator; Camp Ruby, Fuly 23, 1868.

 

 

 

3 # Thermometer.
B |e
wo . A 5 oO -
Hour. 2 B we | 4 8 8 3 Clouds. Wind. Notes.
e |e |2le/8| 4
5 8 Boje |e oa
a < A|/EB IA] &
In in OF, YOR, Oak: oR,
6.204, M. | .2690 |....-.0s 65.4: | 8623)-|| 6it Pieccss Clear. | East, light.
8.03 2963 | .0273 | 77-0 | 6x.2 | 15.8] 146.6] Clear. | East, light.
9.00 3203 | .0240 | 80.4 | 61.7 | 18.7] x55.2 | Clear. | East, light.
10,00 -3604 | .ogo1 | 82.0 | 58.9 | 23.1 | 165.2 | Clear. | North, light.
11.00 4182 | 0578 | 85.3 | 55.2 | 30.1 | 167.0 | Clear. | North, light.
12.00 M. -4746 | .0564 | 85.6 | 55.6 | 30.0] 167.0] Clear. | East, moderate.
1.00 p.m. | .5326 | .og80 | 87.0] 55.3 | 31-7 | 168.8] Clear. | East, fresh.
2:00 +5876 | .osgo | 84.8 | 54.6 | 30.2 | 169.0] Clear. | Northeast, light.
3.00 .6426 | .0550 | 84.2 | 55.0 | 29.2] 155.0] Clear. | Northeast, moderate. | Maximum, 89.2°.
4.00 -6937 | .ogrr | 82.8 | 54.7 | 28.1 | 156.2) Clear. | Northeast, light.
5.00 +7257 | .0320 | 81.7 | 55.8 | 25.9 | 146.0] Clear. | East, light.
6.00 -7440 | .0183 | 78.0 | 52.4 | 25.6 |.....00 Cléar. | West, fresh.
7-03 iOa4 ) -<eea | “GOng | Sa) BHw bee ea Clear. | North, moderate.
8,18 +7915 | .0271 | 75.0 | 52.2 | 22.8 |........ Clear. | West, fresh.
9.00 +8021 | .0106 | 69.0 | 51.8 | 17.2 |.....0-- Clear. | West, light.
10.03 «8183 | .o162 | 69.3 | 51.0 | 18.3 |.....65- Clear. | West, light.
11.00 +8327 | .0144 | 67.6 | 50.4 | 17.2 |....00ee Clear. | West, light.
6.35 a. m. | .8823 | .0496 | 67.2 | 58.3 | 8.9 |.......- Clear. | East, very light. Minimum, 45.4°.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

GENERAL CHARACTER OF THE VecETATION. The following statements
are based upon the results of field-work in Nevada in 1867 and 1868 and in
Utah in 1869. Entering Nevada from California, collection was commenced
on the 16th of July, 1867, in the valley of the Truckee River by Mr. W. W.
Bailey, botanist of the expedition, and was continued through the season but
confined wholly to the district between the Virginia and Pah-Ute Mountains.
The summer was already so far advanced that the earlier vegetation had dis-
GENERAL REPORT. 'xxill

appeared and little was left to reward the collector. Some gleanings were
however made, especially in the West Humboldt Mountains and in the bot-
toms and sinks of the Truckee, Carson, and Humboldt Rivers. During the
winter Mr. Bailey’s continued ill-health induced his return to the east, and on
the opening of spring the duties of botanical collector were, among others,
given to the undersigned. Begun at Carson City and the base of the Washoe’
Mountains during April and early May, 1868, the work was continued until
the middle of June through the Trinity, West Humboldt, and Pah-Ute
Mountains and the intervening valleys, and thus a fair collection was obtained
of the evanescent spring flora of this region. Leaving Unionville on the 22d
of June the route lay with but short delays across the Pah-Ute and Havallah
Mountains and down Regan’s Valley to Cumberland City, then to the Battle
Mountains and mouth of Reese River and up Reese Valley to Austin in the
Toyabes. It thence followed the Overland Stage Road across Smoky and
Monitor Valleys and eastward to Ruby Valley. From the 11th July to the
24th of August the main camp near Fort Ruby was the center from which col-
lections were made in the East Humboldt Mountains and the adjacent valleys,
continued from that date until the 20th of September in the northern and
higher portions of the range, including the Clover Mountains. Passing thence
through Humboldt Pass into Holmes Creek and Thousand Spring Valleys,
and by the Old Emigrant Road through Goose Creek Valley and the upper
valley of Raft River and around the northern end of Great Salt Lake, work
was closed at Ogden City on the 8th of October.

The next season’s collection was begun at Salt Lake City on the 17th
of May, but was much interrupted during the first ten days by continued
rains. From the 2d to the 22d of June was spent upon Salt Lake and its
shores and islands. Camp was then made in Parley’s Park in the Wahsatch
Mountains, 25 miles from Salt Lake City, and the remainder of the summer
till the 29th of August was passed in different parts of the Wahsatch be-
tween this point and Echo Cafion on the north, and Provo River on the
south, with the exception of two weeks, from the 30th July to the 13th of
August, spent in the Uintas at the head of Bear River. A brief trip was
also made early in July to the divide between the Provo and Duchesne Rivers
in the same mountains.

It will be seen by reference to the map that opportunity was thus given
for a more or less thorough examination of quite a large portion of the region
xxiv BOTANY.

embraced within the limits of the survey, and for securing a somewhat com-
plete collection of the plants peculiar to the different sections as well as

seasons.

As the area of the territory explored is occupied in nearly equal pro-
portions by the mountain ranges and intervening valleys, so we find the vege-
tation divided into two corresponding well-marked sections, which it will be
best to consider separately. In order also to arrive at the Basin flora proper
it will be necessary to distinguish those species which are peculiar to the
extreme eastern and western bounding walls of the Basin, to the Washoe
Mountains in Western Nevada as belonging rather to the flora of the Sierras
and California, and to the Wahsatch and Uintas upon the east as a part of
the somewhat distinct Rocky Mountain flora. Omitting, moreover, those
plants which have as yet been found only in the southern portions of Nevada
and Utah and which belong chiefly to the more desert region of Arizona
and Southern California, the remaining species of the Catalogue may be con-
sidered as giving a fair though by no means complete representation of the
flora of this section of the Great Basin.

No portion of this whole district, however desert in repute and in
fact, is destitute of some amount of vegetation even in the driest seasons, ex-
cepting only the alkali flats, which are usually of quite limited extent. Even
these have frequently a scattered growth of Sarcobatus or Halostachys sur-
mounting isolated hillocks of drifted sand, compacted by their roots and
buried branches. This vegetation covering alike the valley plains, the graded
incline of the mesas, the rounded foothills and the mountain slopes, possesses
a monotonous sameness of aspect and is characterized mainly by the absence
of trees, by.the want of a grassy greensward, the wide distribution of a few
low shrubs or half-shrubby plants to the apparent exclusion of nearly all other
growth, and by the universally prevalent gray or dull olive color of the
herbage.

To the absence of trees there seems to be but a single exception, in the
valley of the Truckee, where Populus monitlifera and trichocarpa grow in con-
siderable numbers in the river bottom. Upon the Humboldt and Carson
Rivers they are rarely found, and in the higher eastern valleys the willow-
leaved P. balsamifera of the mountains scarcely ever follows the streams be-
yond the limit of the foothills. So as respects the second of the charac-
teristics mentioned, the turfing “buffalo” or “ grama” grasses, which make
GENERAL REPORT. XXV

the plains east of the Rocky Mountains a vast pasture for the bison, deer, and
antelope, are here unknown. There are, indeed, various other species more
or less abundant in localities, but always growing in sparsely scattered tufts
and dying away with the early summer heats, or to be then found only in
favored spots in the mountain cafions. The two or three species that may be
said to mat into a sward are confined to alkaline meadows and are nearly
worthless for pasturage.

Of the more predominant species which form the mass of the shrubby
and perennial vegetation of the entire region some are confined almost
wholly to the more saline localities. Of these the Halostachys occidentalis,
abundant about the sinks of the Carson and Humboldt Rivers and other
similar places, is an exclusively alkaline shrub, growing where almost no
other plant will. Much more widely distributed and abundant is the Sarco-
batus vermiculatus, found nearly everywhere in the lower valleys where there
is a decided amount of alkali, but rarely extending beyond such limits. The
more frequent plants accompanying these are Salicornia herbacea and several
species of Sueda, and other mostly Chenopodiaceous plants, and if there are
grasses at all, Brizopyrum spicatum and Spartina gracilis.

On the somewhat less alkaline and drier portions of the valleys are
found in frequent abundance Obione confertifolia and canescens or the nearly as
common Grayia polygaloides, and rather less abundantly Artemisia spinescens,
Eurotia lanata, and Kochia prostrata. Sometimes mingled with them, but
wholly free from alkaline preferences and beyond their range usurping entire
predominence, is the ‘everlasting sagebrush,” the Artemisia tridentata.
This is by far the most prevalent of all species, covering valleys and foothills
in broad stretches farther than the eye can reach, the growth never so dense
as to seriously obstruct the way but very uniform over large surfaces, very
rarely reaching the saddle-height of a mule and ordinarily but half that
altitude.

The “ Broom-sage,” Linosyris graveolens, sometimes occurs in consider-
able abundance along the dry valleys, often accompanied by Tetradymia
canescens, but upon the gravelly foothills the smaller L. visccdiflora is much
more frequent. Here the Artemisia tridentata is occasionally associated with
or yields to the similar but smaller species A. ¢rifida. On the foothills only
and not ascending above the base of the mountains Purshia tridentata is
widely distributed, and of frequent occurrence with it in Western Nevada are

iv
Xxvl BOTANY.

Ribes leptanthum and Prunus Andersonti. Ephedra antisyphilitica is likewise
abundant westward and especially southward.

Along the fresh water streams there are some other species prominent
as shrubs, especially the willows, Salix longifolia and cordata in several
strongly marked varieties, less frequently Rosa blanda, and still more rarely
Shepherdia argentea and Ribes aureum. The marshes and margins of the
lakes may be green with Juncus Balticus and Scirpus validus or maritimus,
or sometimes with Equisetum hiemale, and the coarseness of the meadow
herbage tempered to some extent by a growth of Vilfa depauperata or Trite-
cum repens. The move generally abundant herbaceous plants upon the foot-
hills are in their seasons the grasses Poa tenuifolia and Hordeum jubatum, as
also the more persistent Eriocoma cuspidata, with Sisymbrium canescens and
Lupinus flexuosus, replaced eastward by sericeus. In general the minor flora
is marked by a prevalence of species of Astragalus, Cinothera, Gulia,
Hydrophyllacea, annual Eriogonee and ligulate and senecioid composites.

The more generally predominant of the above mentioned shrubby species
inay be thus arranged approximately in the order of their frequency.

Predominant Species.

Artemisia tridentata. Grayia polygaloides. Eurotia lanata.

Obione confertifolia. Halostachys occidentalis. Purshia tridentata.
canescens. Linosyris graveolens. Ephedra antisyphilitica.

Sarcobatus vermiculatus. Artemisia trifida. Tetradymia canescens.

Linosyris viscidiflora. spinescens.

All of these are strictly western species, Obione canescens and Eurotia
alone being found east of the Rocky Mountains upon the plains. Most of
them cross the line of the Sierras and appear upon the Pacific slope, and all
excepting the two species mentioned and Artemisia trifida and spinescens pass
southward to Arizona, New Mexico or Western Texas, and Obione confertifolia
into Mexico. Tetradymia and Eurotia are the only ones reported from
north of latitude 49°, the one from British Columbia, the other from the
Saskatchewan.

The mountains are in a large measure as destitute of trees as the val-
leys, or even more naked from the dwarfed character of the shrubs upon
the exposed ridges and summits. There is generally, however, upon limited
portions of all but the lowest ranges from the Sierras to the Wahsatch a
greater or less supply of Pinus monophylla or Juniperus occidentalis. These
are usually scattered over the dry slopes, of low compact habit, rarely ex-
GENERAL REPORT. XXvii

ceeding 10 or 15 feet in height, and confined to a belt of about 2,000 feet
in width between the altitudes of 5,000 and 7,000 feet above the sea. In
the principal ranges the Mountain Mahogany, Cercocarpus ledifolius, is also
of frequent occurrence, but limited to an elevation of 6,000 to 8,000 feet.
This too is only a small tree, very rarely 40° high, perferring the rocky
ridges and dry mountain sides. On the stream banks in the upper cations
the “ Quaking Asp,” Populus tremuloides, is usually found, mostly small, but
sometimes growing sufficiently large to answer for telegraph poles. In the
Shoshone Mountains the Willow-leaved Poplar, Populus balsamifera, Var.
angustifolia, was first met with and occurs abundantly in some cafions of
the higher portion of the East Humboldt range, becoming a handsome tree
60 feet high. In the Washoe Mountains in common with the rest of the
Sierras there is a heavy growth of several species of conifers, of which Pinus
ponderosa extends down to the very base or even on to the valley slopes. A
few scattered trees of the same species were also seen on the northern part
of the Virginia Mountains, but for more than a hundred miles to the east-
ward other Conifere than the Nut Pine and Juniper already mentioned
appear to be wholly wanting. In the southern Toyabe Mountains some
pines and firs are found, probably the same species as those of the East
Humboldt range. Here Pinus flexilis was met with in considerable numbers
in the cafions, ranging from near the base to the higher divides and slopes,
where also were a few specimens of P. Balfouriana, while in some of the
high western cafions there is a dense growth of Abies Engelmanni. The
last is probably the tree which gives its name to the White Pine District.
On these mountains the alpine form of Juniperus communis occurred for the
first time, and also J. Virginiana, of more slender and straighter habit than
J. occidentalis and preferring more shaded and damper localities. In the
Goose Creek Mountains Abies grandis was found occupying some of the
moister cafions, which completes the list of the known trees of these central
mountain ranges.

‘But in no case do these species cover more than very limited portions
of the mountains, within the cafions, mostly much scattered, and probably
never exceeding 40 or 50 feet in height. For the most part also they have
been of exceedingly slow growth, are very knotty and cross-grained and
make but poor timber. This is especially true of the pines. An extreme

. instance of the contortion that is occasionally seen in most of these species
XXVIiil BOTANY.

was noticed.in a dead branch, eight inches in diameter, apparently of Pinus
monophylla, found in the East Humboldt Mountains. Here the decay of the
bark and drying of the wood revealed very plainly the course of the fibres,
which in a length of seven feet made four complete circuits. In some por-
tions the direction was very nearly at right angles to the axis of the branch,
and the length of the outer series of fibres must have been at least ten feet.

An opportunity was offered at the saw-mill in Ruby Valley of ascer-
taining the age and dimensions of several specimens of Pinus flexilis from the
upper cations of the East Humboldt Mountains. The following table gives
the length and end-dimensions of the “ cuts,” and the width of each series of
fifty rings from the outside toward the center. A comparison of these last
measurements shows great uniformity of growth in the different periods, in-
dicating a like uniformity in the conditions of temperature and moisture. To
these are added a few measurements of Artemisia tridentata and .Purshia,
also made in Ruby Valley, besides which may be mentioned a Juniperus
occidentalis twelve inches in diameter with 250 rings and a Cercocarpus ledi-
folius about two feet in diameter with 160 rings.

Measurements of Tree and Shrub Growth.

 

 

 

Pinus flexilis. ee ie
tridentata. tridentata.
il gieles
2 3 3 s ae
8 8 a | FB] og E
ue Aa a 3 w 8 5 :
3 3 3 © © a A ca 3 3 3
a] “ oO oe] el € » 2
or 9 2 a a o 3 a} a . e
Plea ieils*| s /E/Elaieieiale]e] 8 |e] &
G a is! a 5 bf Ss B rc =
aol a | oe ise re &j/6lel/el/a/esl/ae; ea} 2 al 2
Feet, In. In. in In In In In. | In. | In in In in In,
12, 26. 22. 486 7 1.0 1.0 1.3} r.2] 2.0 9 | 1.6 3:4 8.0] 65 + 4.3 36
19. 26. 13-5 462 1.0 I.0 1.25) 42.5 | 2.2] 2.0 +9] 2.25 | 2.9 555 | 58 3.0 6x
12.5 30.5 22. 444 “75 1.0 I.0 1.5 x.1 1.2 2.6 | 3.7 2.4 4-5 | 35 — flasescclececace
14. 30. 22. |} 4oo|/ 1.3 17 I.S 24-| 256] 3e% | tea} 2.0. |[oueecs AiO} 37 [baiecceweteyersraes
6. 19. 14. 400 +75 +75 | 1.0 of | ee wes |) | @ser lnetees. JeOe| 98. [leecciessjeilhe atienecers
Gs 34. 32. 357 1.8 1.8 2.1 2.0/ 2.1] 3.0] 3.6 nO: | Lacerta SiS. tg) Nuss wolvopawants
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When the cafions in the mountains are dry the vegetation in them differs
little from that of the intervening ridges, but in the presence of moisture
and especially upon the sides of the higher cafions there is frequently a con-
siderable amount of shrubby or perennial herbaceous growth. The most
common species are Ceanothus velutinus, forming dense and tangled patches at
an altitude of from 7,000 to 9,000 feet, Ribes cereum scattered over all the

.
GENERAL REPORT. XXIX

mountain sides from base to summit, Amelanchier Canadensis and Sympho-
ricarpus montanus of equally wide range but in rather moister localities, and
also Prunus demissa, but confined to the neighborhood of streams. On the
stream-banks in the lower cafions may be Ribes irriguum, Rosa, and various
willows, with Sambucus glauca and Cornus pubescens, or more rarely Crategus
riwularis or Alnus incana. Equally conspicuous with any of these and cover-
ing abundantly the moist rich hillsides are Wyethia amplexicaulis, Lophanthus
urticefolius, and Geranium Richardsonit.

The mountain flora shows a larger number of shrubby species than that
of the valleys, though many of them are very sparingly distributed. Among
the herbaceous species there is a marked predominance of certain orders,
genera, or sections of genera, mostly perennials, especially of Pentstemon,
Eriogonum, Lupinus, Castilleia, and various Asteroid and Carycphyllaceous,
Saxifragaceous and Umbelliferous genera. The number of alpine and sub-
alpine plants is proportionally very large.

Vattry Fora. It is evident that the vegetation of the valleys may be
readily divided into three very distinct groups, the first including species
characteristic of the more alkaline localities, the second confined to the fresh-
water aquatic and meadow species, and the last and much the larger class
including the plants peculiar to the drier portions of the valleys and to the
foothills. The strictly or chiefly alkaline species, as included in the follow-
ing list, are neither numerous nor, with a few exceptions, very frequent. The
first division (a.) is restricted to such as have been found, so far as known,
only within the limits of the Great Basin, (taking that term in its larger
sense.) The second division (0.) includes all those that extend beyond those
limits but not (or rarely) eastward of the Saskatchewan and Mississippi
Rivers, the first section, indeed, only westward to the Pacific slope, the
second only eastward into the Rocky Mountains, or beyond, toward the
Saskatchewan or Texas, and the last in both directions. In the third division
(c.) are placed those species that are found in the Atlantic States or Eastern
British America, the last section containing the few species that do not also
pass to the Pacific side of the continent. The arctic species and those which
extend beyond latitude 55° toward the arctic circle are designated by
(Arc.) and (Subarc.) respectively. Southern species, found in Arizona,
Southern California or Mexico, are indicated by (S.) or (Mex.,) while an
(R.) notes such of the last two sections of division (0.) as do not cross the
Xxx

Rocky Mountains.
sequent lists.

(a.)
Arabis longirostris.
Thelypodium Nuttallii. S.
sagittatum.

Cleomella parviflora. S.

plocasperma.

longipes. Mex.
Astragalus pterocarpus.
Ivesia Kingii.
Aster Nuttallii.
Aplopappus tenuicaulis.

BOTANY.

The same method of arrangement is followed in the sub-

Alkaline Species.

Schoberia occidentalis.
Halostachys occidentalis.
Fimbristylis thermalis.

.)
Lepidium montanum. Mex.

Nitrophila occidentalis.
Milla maritima.

 

Monolepis chenopodioides.* S.

Suzeda depressa.

Sarcobatus vermiculatus. S.
Euphorbia serpyllifolia.
Vilfa depauperata.

(c.)

Ranunculus Cymbalaria. Mt Arc.

Spergularia media. Mt. Subarc.

Heliotropium Curassavicum. Mex.

Suzeda maritima.

Triglochin maritimum. Arc.
palustre. Subarc.

Scirpus maritimus. S,

fruticosa. S.R.
Vilfa asperifolia. R.
Spartina gracilis.

Crepis Andersonii.
Cressa Cretica. Mex.
Lycium Andersonii.

Glyceria distans. Subarc.
Brizopyrum spicatum, var.
Panicum capillare.

 

 

Erythreea Nuttallii. dichotomum.
Monolepis pusilla. Aplopappus lanceolatus.
* Obione phyllostegia. Eritrichium Californicum. Mt. S.
pusilla. Blitum polymorphum. Sesuvium Portulacastrum.

Kochia prostrata. Obione argentea. Salicornia herbacea.

The Ranunculus, Eritrichium, Aster, Euphorbia and Panica are not ex-
clusively alkaline, and of these the first two are as often found in the moun-
tains. Spergularia media was only collected at a salt spring in the Wahsatch
and is added to complete the number of saline plants found, though not
properly belonging in this list. The only shrubby or subshrubby species
among them are the Grayia, Halostachys, Sarcobatus, Lycium, Kochia, and
Sueda fruticosa.

There is a very much larger number of species belonging to the second
group, aquatics or subaquatics, occupying the margins and banks of the lakes,
springs and streams of purer water, or growing in the meadows or river
bottoms in the near neighborhood of moisture—all properly fresh-water plants,
though the localities in which they are found may often be to a considerable
degree alkaline. Many of these are of course often found also on stream-
banks in the cafions, while others which belong to the mountain flora occasion-
ally follow the streams into the valleys; the first are indicated by (Mt.,)
the last will be noted in the list of mountain plants. As might be expected
they are generally of very wide range. But five species can be considered
peculiar to the Great Basin, all little known and in some cases questionable.
Fifteen species extend only westward and eight only eastward, while forty-
three range from the Pacific slope toward the east, all but ten (R.) passing
beyond the Rocky Mountains and nine approaching or crossing the arctic
GENERAL REPORT.

XXxl

circle. Of the still larger number (98) of the yet more eastern species thirty-
six are arctic and seventeen subarctic, and seventy-eight range from the Pacific

to the Atlantic.
the great lakes.

Those of division (¢.) in italics are scarcely found south of
Fourteen, at least, of the whole number extend into Mexico.

Besides the two species of Populus, but six are even shrubby.

(@.)
Nasturtium lyratum.
Selinum Kingii.
Potamogeton marinus. Eu.
Scirpus Nevadensis.
Carex Watsoni.

(3.)

Trifolium variegatum. Mt. Mex,

fimbriatum. Mt.
cyathiferum. Mt.
Tillzea angustifolia.
Cnothera tanacetifolia,
Calais major.
Downingia pulchella.
Mimulus floribundus. Mt.
pilosus.
Castilleia affinis. Mt. Mex.
Hesperochiron Californicus.
Populus trichocarpa.
Iris Tolmieana.
Carex zemathorhyncha.
vesicaria.
Bergia Texana.
Potentilla millegrana. S.
Aster adscendens. Mt.
Erigeron Bellidiastrum. Mt.
pumilum, Mt.
Plantago eriopoda. Subarc.
Shepherdia argentea.
Vilfaramulosa. R.

 

Nasturtium sinuatum. Mt. S.
obtusum. Mt.

Sidalcea malvzeflora. Mex. R.

Thermopsis fabacea. Mt. R.

Glycyrrhiza lepidota. Mex.

Potentilla gracilis. Mt.
Nuttallii. Mt.

Parnassia parviflora. Mt. Lab.

Ribes aureum.

Gaura parviflora. S.

Galium asperrimum. R.

Aster angustus. Subarc.

falcatus. R. Arc.

Erigeron lonchophyllum. Mt.
glabellum. Subarc.

Solidago elongata. Mt, R. Arc.

occidentalis.

Tva axillaris.

Artemisia dracunculoides. Mt.
Ludoviciana, 8S.

Aquatic and Meadow Species.

Gnaphalium luteo-album.
palustre. S.

Senecio hydrophilus. R.

Cirsium Drummondii.

Stephanomeria exigua. R.

Crepis runcinata. Mt.

Mulgedium pulchellum. Arc.

Gentiana affinis.

Asclepias speciosa.

Rumex longifolius. Subarc.

Epipactis gigantea.

Zigadenus Nuttallii.

Juncus longistylis, Mt.S.
xiphioides. S.

Carex Douglasii. Mex.
marcida. Subarc.
athrostachya. R.
Jamesii.

Vilfa airoides.

Vaseya comata.

Elymus condensatus. R.

Aira danthonioides.

Beckmannia eruczformis. Mt. Arc.

(c.)

Ranunculus aquatilis. Arc.
sceleratus. Arc.
repens.
fascicularis.

Nasturtium palustre. Mt. Mex. Arc.

Cardamine hirsuta. Mt. Arc.
Viola cucullata. Mt. Arc.
Hosackia Purshiana. Mex.
Geum macrophylium. Mt. Subarc.
Potentilla Anserina. Arc.
Rosa blanda. Mt. Arc. |
Hippuris vulgaris. Mt. Arc.
Myriophyllum verticillatum. Mt.
Callitriche verna. Mt.
Ammannia latifolia. Mex.
(CEnothera biennis. Mt. S. Subarc.
Cicuta maculata. S. Arc.
Sium lineare.

angustifolium.
Valeriana edulis.
Aster simplex.

zestivus. Arc.
Erigeron Canadense.
Solidago gigantea. Mt.
Helenium autumnale. Arc.
Sonchus asper. Mt.
Arctostaphylos Uva-ursi. Arc.
Dodecatheon Meadia. Mt.S. Arc.

Glaux maritima. Subarc.

Samolus Valerandi, var. Mex.

Utricularia vulgaris. Arc.

Gratiola Virginiana.

Veronica Anagallis, Subarc.
Americana. Mt. Subarc.
peregrina. Mt. Mex. Subarc.

Mentha Canadensis. Subarc.

Stachys palustris. Arc.

Gentiana Amarella, Alp.* Arc.

Menyanthes trifoliata. Subarc.

Apocynum cannabinum. Mt. Mex.

Rumex salicifolius. Arc.

maritimus.

Polygonumamphibium. Mex. Subarc.

Urtica dioica. Mt. Mex. Arc.

Populus monilifera.

Salix longifolia. Arc.

cordata. Arc.

Lemna trisulca.

minor.

; Typha latifolia. Arc.

Potamogeton natans. Subarc.
pectinatus. Mex.
Alisma Plantago.
Sagittaria variabilis.
Sisyrinchium Bermudiana. Mt. Arc.
Zigadenus glaucus, Mt. Arc.
Juncus bufonius. Mt. Arc.
Balticus. Mt. Arc.
nodosus. S.
Cyperus inflexus.
phymatodes. S.
Eleocharis palustris. Arc.
acicularis.
Scirpus validus. S. Subarc.
Carex stipata. Arc.
aurea, Mt. Arc.
utriculata. Mt, Subarc.
Alopecurus aristulatus. Subarc.
Agrostis scabra, Mt. Subarc.
Muhlenbergia glomerata. Mt.
Calamagrostis stricta. Mt. Arc.
Glyceria aquatica. Mt.
Phragmites communis. Mt.
Triticum repens. Mt. Arc.
Hordeum pratense. Subarc.
Aira czespitosa. Subarc.
Phalaris arundinacea. Mt. Arc.
Panicum Crus-galli.

 

Elatine Americana.
Aster carneus.
XXX BOTANY.

Solidago nemoralis. Lemna Valdiviana. Schollera graminea.
Utricularia minor. Arc. polyrrhiza. Scirpus Rorrey!:

Gentiana detonsa, Mt. Arc. Sparganium eurycarpum. Subarc. Carex eUIsta es Are.
Rumex Britannica. Potamogeton lonchites. : Agrostis elata. ? ;
Ceratophyllum demersum. gramineus. Arc. Muhlenbergia sylvatica. ?

Parietaria Pennsylvanica. Mt. perfoliatus. Arc. Eragrostis Purshii.

The remaining plants of the valley flora are those which in a much
greater variety both of genera and species occupy the drier sandy or gravelly
portions of the valleys and the foothills, and are consequently subject toa
greater extreme of heat and drought. Many of: them are low or dwarfed
annuals, often varying much in size and habit with the circumstances of their
growth, usually starting with the rains of autumn, flowering in early spring,
and hastening to a quick maturity. With the first heats of summer they are
burned away and speedily vanish. Others are stouter and hardier, frequently
becoming more or less woody, or are biennials or perennials springing from
bulbs or from thick and usually deepseated roots or root-stocks, and in the
partial protection afforded by the larger shrubbery are able to maintain their
growth till later in the season. By the middle of July, however, the far
greater number have wholly disappeared and only the more woody based
perennials are left, except in favored localities.

These comprise all the peculiarly desert” species of this portion of the
Basin. Of the entire number (305) one-third (94) are so far as known
strictly confined to the Basin, and on the whole southern, quite a large num-
ber extending southward into the Mohave and Colorado deserts and half a
dozen southeastward to New Mexico or even Western Texas. Another third
(84,) the first section of division (0 ), range only westward, some to Southern
California but nearly one-half (38) to Oregon or Washington Territory,
though only a single one, Matricaria discoidea, is reported from farther north.
Of the 106 which are found in the Rocky Mountain region, 63 belong also
to the Pacific slope and as many more pass east of the range, though only six
are aretic or subarctic. There are also here at least 20 Mexican species and
53 others that have been collected in Arizona. Of the.21 still more eastern
species in division (c.) five are not found upon the Pacific side and six reach
the arctic or subarctic portions of the continent. About-half extend into
Mexico or Arizona. As many as in the last group (51) are noted as ascend-
ing above the foothills, but rarely to any great altitude. Only Artemisia

tridentata, Gila congesta, and one or two other species sometimes reach the
summits of the higher ridges.
(a)
Myosurus aristatus. S,
Ranunculus Andersonii.
Platyspermum scapigerum.
Stanleya viridiflora.
Caulanthus crassicaulis. -
Pilosus.
Lepidium dictyotum.
flavum. S.
nanum.
Cleome sparsifolia.
Calyptridium roseum.
Sphzeralcea Emoryi. Mex.
Lupinus brevicaulis.
uncialis.
Dalea polydenia.
Astragalus Andersonii.
malacus,
arrectus.
iodanthus.
Beckwithii.
eriocarpus.
Utahensis. Mt.
oophorus.
nudus.
Chamzeleuce. S.
Prunus Andersonii.
CEnothera glabella.
pterosperma.
Andina,
Mentzelia congesta,
Echinocactus Whipplei.
pubispinus.
Cereus Engelmanni. S.
Opuntia rutila.
hystricina.
pulchella.
Brickellia linifolia.
Helianthus Nuttallii.
Chzenactis macrantha.
carphoclinia. S.
Burrielia nivea.
Tetradymia Nuttallii.
spinosa. S.
Anisocoma acaulis. S.
Stephanomeria pentachzeta.
Glyptopleura marginata. S,
Phelipzea erianthera. Mex.
Antirrhinum Kingii.
Pentstemon Palmeri. S.
Orthocarpus Tolmiei.
Ppilosus.
Cordylanthus capitatus.
ramosus. Mt.

laxiflorus. Mex.

canescens.
Kingii.
Eritrichium Kingii.
micranthum. S,
Phacelia crenulata.
curvipes.
pusilla.
Vv

GENERAL REPORT.

XXxiil

Species of the Drier Valleys and Foothills.

Phacelia Ivesiana,
bicolor.
gymnoclada,
crassifolia.

Emmenanthe glandulifera.

glaberrima, S.

Tricardia Watsoni.

Gilia subnuda. S.
Bigelovii. S.
polycladon.
leptomeria.
micromeria.
campanulata.

Oryctes Nevadensis,

Asclepias cryptoceras.

Mirabilis Californica. Mt. S.

Hermidium alipes.

Obione confertifolia. Mex,

Torreyi.
truncata.”

Eriogonum nutans.

Watsoni.
pusillum.

Oxytheca dendroidea.

Watsoni.
perfoliata.

Chorizanthe brevicornu. S,

rigida, S,
Watsoni,
Allium Nevadense,
atrorubens.
anceps.
Eremochloe Kingii.

(6.)

Pzeonia Brownii.
Eschscholtzia Californica, S.
Arabis arcuata.
Thelypodium brachycarpum.

§ laciniatum.
Capsella divaricata. S.
Thysanocarpus elegans. S.

Malvastrum Munroanum., Mex.

Sida hederacea. Mex.
Erodium cicutarium. S.
Lupinus flexuosus. Mt.
sericeus.
Hosackia Heermanni. S.
subpinnata.
Astragalus lentiginosus. S.
Purshii.
CEnothera deltoides. S.
viminea.
scapoidea. S.
Boothii.
alyssoides.
dentata. S.
Carum Gairdneri.
Ferula multifida. Mt.
Plectritis congesta. S.
Erigeron concinnum. M.
Balsamorrhiza Hookeri.
Helianthus exilis.

Chzenactis Xantiana. S.
Rigiopappus leptocladus.
Blepharipappus scaber.
Layia glandulosa.
heterotricha.
Hemizonia Durandi.
Lagophylla ramosissima.
Madaria elegans.
Matricaria discoidea. Subarc.
Artemisia trifida. Mt.
Psathyrotes annua.
Tetradymia glabrata.
Lygodesmia spinosa.
Malacothrix Californica.
obtusa.
Macrorrhynchus heterophyllus.
grandiflorus.
Plantago Bigelovii.
Pentstemon deustus.
Eunanus Fremontii.
Bigelovii.
Orthocarpus hispidus.
Salvia Columbariz. S.
Audibertia incana. Mt.
Amsinckia lycopsoides. Mex.
Piptocalyx circumscissus. S.
Eritrichium angustifolium. Mex.
fulvum.
leiocarpum. Mt.
pterocaryum. S.
Coldenia Nuttallii. S.
Phacelia Menziesii. Mt.
Conanthus aretioides.
Emmenanthe penduliflora.
parviflora. -
Nama demissa.
Collomia leptalea,
Gilia androsacea,
micrantha.
ciliata,
Cuscuta Californica. Mt.

. Nicotiana Bigelovii.

Mengea Californica,
Eriogonum gracile. S.
Heermannii.
Plumatella. S.
deflexum. S.
inflatum. S.
angulosum. S.
Euphorbia ocellata.
Ephedra antisyphilitica. Mt. S.
Zigadenus paniculatus.
Calochortus Nuttallii. Mt.
Allium tribracteatum. Mt.
Stipa occidentalis.
Festuca microstachya.

Argemone Mexicana. Mex,
Lepidium Fremontii. S.R.
alyssoides. S.R.
Cleome aurea. R.
Polanisia uniglandulosa.
XXXIV BOTANY.

 

 

Malvastrum coccineum- Mex. Cleome integrifolia. Gilia pungens. Mt, S.
Astragalus Geyeri. R. Lupinus pusillus. S. Hoetoee: Mt. R.S.

; speirocarpus. Mt. R. aridus. R. filifolia. Mt. S.
Nuttallianus. Mex. Psoralea lanceolata. S. congesta. Mt. R.
Kentrophyta. R. Ribes leptanthum. R. inconspicua. S.

CEnothera triloba. Mt. Mex. CEnothera marginata. Mt. R. Cuscuta tenuiflora. S.

Opuntia Missouriensis. Mt. albicaulis. Mex. Nicotiana attenuata. R.S.
fragilis. Mentzelia albicaulis. Mex. R. Obione canescens. S.

Cymopterus montanus. Mt. S. leevicaulis. R. Grayia polygaloides. Mt. R.S.

Peucedanum nudicaule. R. Peucedanum macrocarpum. Mt. Eurotia lanata.

Townsendia strigosa. S. Purshia tridentata. R.S. Corispermum hyssopifolium. Arc. S.

Diplopappus ericoides. Mex. R. Gutierrezia Euthamize. Mt. Mex. Eriogonum sphzrocephalum. R.

Erigeron ceespitosum. Linosyris graveolens. R.S. Mt. ovalifolium. Mt. R.

Solidago pumila. R. viscidiflora. R. Mt. Wrightii. S.

Artemisia spinescens. R. Grindelia squarrosa. Mt. Arc. Euphorbia dictyosperma.

Senecio Fendleri. R. Chrysopsis villosa. Leucocrinum montanum. R.
multilobatus. R. Ambrosia psilostachya. Eriocoma‘cuspidata. Mt. S.

Lygodesmia juncea. Franseria Hookeriana. Poa tenuifolia. Mt. R.

Troximon cuspidatum. Hymenoclea monogyra. Mex. .

Androsace occidentalis. Mex. Balsamorrhiza sagittata. Mt. R. (c.)

Pentstemon czeruleus. Helianthus lenticularis. S. Myosurus minimus.

Echinospermum Redowskii. Mt.S.Sub- Chzenactis stevioides. R. Arabis retrofracta. Arc.

Phacelia integrifolia. Mex. {arc. Artemisia tridentata. Mt. R.S. Sisymbrium canescens. Mt. Mex. Arc.

Gilia pumila. Antennaria dimorpha. R. Rhus aromatica, var. Mt.

Acerates decumbens. S. Tetradymia canescens. Mt. R. Galium Aparine. Mex. Subarc.

Oxybaphus angustifolius. Mex. Calais linearifolia. Mex. R. Ambrosia artemisizefolia.

Abronia fragrans. S. Stephanomeria minor. S. Xanthium strumarium.
cycloptera. paniculata, R. Chenopodium album. Mt. Arc.
turbinata. R.S. Malacothrix sonchoides. Amarantus retroflexus.

Chenopodium Fremonti. Crepis glauca. albus.

hybridum. Macrorrhynchus glaucus. Arc. Polygonum aviculare. Mt. Mex. Subarc.

Eriogonumacaule. R. troximoides. Mt. R. tenue. Mt.

cernuum. S, Plantago Patagonica, var. Mex. Celtis occidentalis. Mt.

Stipa spartea. Mt. Aphyllon fasciculatum. Mex. " Festuca tenella.

comata. Mt. Collinsia parviflora. Mt. Hordeum jubatum.
Aristida purpurea. S. Pentstemon glaber. Cenchrus tribuloides. Arc.
Pleuraphis Jamesii. acuminatus. Mex.
: Mimulus rubellus. Mt. R. Anemone decapetala.

Delphinium Menziesii. Arc. R.S. Orthocarpus luteus. Mt. Draba Carcliniana.

Stanleya pinnatifida. S. Phacelia tanacetifolia. Mt.S. Helianthus giganteus.

Thelypodium integrifolium. R. Collomia gracilis. Mt. R.-S. Euphorbia glyptosperma.

Lepidium intermedium. Arc. Gilia nudicaulis. R. - Vilfa cryptandra.

Mountain Ftora or THE Basty. Of the 393 species collected exclu-
sively in the mountain ranges lying within the limits of the Basin, fifty-five
are as yet not known from beyond those limits, but of these the greater
part are new or recent discoveries. Of the 252 other western species, seventy-
eight belong to the Pacific slope, chiefly between the Sacramento and
Columbia Rivers, three being arctic and two subarctic, fifty-six extend to or
beyond the Rocky Mountains, of which sixteen are arctic and three subarctic,
and 118 are found both east and west of the Basin, of which eleven are
arctic and nineteen subarctic. Of the whole number about forty (E.) cross
the Rocky Mountains, mostly to the Saskatchewan, eight are Mexican, and
about twice as many more have been collected in Arizonia. A larger number
have been found in the mountains of New Mexico. Of the eighty-six eastern
GENERAL REPORT. XXXV

species, thirteen are not know on the Pacific side—of these five are arctic
and three subarctic, and of the remainder forty-one are arctic and twelve sub-
arctic. Six species are Mexican.

In determining the alpine or subalpine character of a species, exposure,
altitude, and season have all been taken into account. In the absence in
many cases of any forest growth to indicate the limit of arborescent vegeta-
tion and, independently of altitude or the protection of trees, the flora, of any
mountain locality being greatly influenced by a warm and sunny exposure or
the opposite, the question has often been very much one of judgment, to be
decided by no single arbitrary consideration. Species of doubtful rank as
alpine, or evidently only approaching it, have been considered subalpine, and
those that were also found at lower elevations than either term would imply
are indicated by an asterisk. The number of alpine and subalpine species
(114) equals that of the arctic and subarctic, but they are quite differently
distributed, the large majority belonging to the second rather than the third
division.

Mountain Species of the Basin.

(a.) Brickellia microphylla. Lupinus laxiflorus.
Ranunculus digitatus. Subalp. Aster. Bloomeri. polyphyllus.
Sisymbrium junceum. asperugineus. Subalp. argenteus.
Viola Beckwithii. pulchellus. Subalp. sulphureus,
Lychnis nuda. Townsendia scapigera. Trifolium microcephalum.
Stellaria Kingii. Diplopappus alpinus. Astragalus platytropis. Alp.
Arenaria aculeata. Erigeron Bloomeri. Cercocarpns ledifolius.
Claytonia umbellata. Aplopappus acaulis, Potentilla glandulosa.
Spraguea paniculata. Laphamia Stansburii. Crataegus rivularis. Val.
Lupinus meionanthus. Balsamorrhiza hirsuta. Saxifraga punctata. Are.
Dalea Kingii. ~ Helianthella multicaulis. os cylindrica, var. Alp.
Astragalus diphysus. S. Tanacetum canum. Iibes Draloteosum: Subarc.
calycosus. Alp.* Calais macrocheta. S. Epilobium encore Subalp.
atratis: Stephanomeria myrioclada. Clarkia rhomboidea.
abecurus: Pentstemon ce eA tal oe
aes <, Collomia tenella. impinella apiodora.
meer sere Se Gilia Watsoni. Myrrhis occidentalis.
filipes. Eriogonum Kingii. Alp.* Cymopterus nec
porrectus. Fritillaria atropurpurea. Angelica Breweri.
tegetarius. Alp. Calochortus eurycarpus. Comins pubescens.
: i Carex frigida. Subalp. Eu. Galium multiflorum.
visas = ac es Poa (?) Kingii. Eupatorium occidentale.
a ea oe : (6.) Brickellia oblongifolia.
ima tenella. S. a
satan debile. “Subalp. Delphinium depauperatum. Aster a Val.
CEnothera heterantha. Cheiranthus Menziesii. 4 eae
Opuntia sphzerocarpa, var. Arabis os es eed rtenl ue
ivalis. Draba Douglasii. ;
Cymopterus seen neniotek. dip Mel ae) Aplopappus pa
Selinum capitellatum. Sisymbrium Californicum. Subalp.* eee
Peucedanum Nuttallii. Silene Douglasii. code ities
millefolium. Claytonia perfoliata, Subarc. aa
graveolens. Subalp. Spraguea umbellata. Wyethia oe a
Galium bifolium. Lewisia rediviva. S. aatiis tendophyilk:

Bloomeri. Ceanothus sorediatus.
XXxvl

Madia racemosa.
Cirsium Coulteri.
Calais nutans. Subalp.* Va..
Hieracium Scouleri.
Heterocodon rariflorum.
Ledum glandulosum. Subalp.
Mimulus primuloides.
moschatus.
Monardella odoratissima. S.
Lophanthus urticzefolius.
Lithospermum pilosum. Val.
Hydrophyllum capitatum. Subalp.*
Phacelia humilis.
Gilia pusilla, var.
intertexta.
Breweri.
Asclepias fascicularis. S.
Eriogonum heracleoides.
Lobbii.
elatum.
vimineum.
spergulinum.
Polygonum polymorphum. Arc.
Pinus monophylla,

Subalp.*

Sisyrinchium grandiflorum.
Fritillaria pudica.
Camassia esculenta.
Allium validum.
bisceptrum.
Juncus triformis.
Carex Liddoni.
Melica pozeoides.
stricta.

 

Thalictrum alpinum. Alp. Arc.

Ranunculus glaberrimus.
nivalis, var.

Delphinium elatum, var.

Arabis canescens. Alp.

Vesicaria montana. Subalp.

Draba stellata. Alp. Arc.

muricella. Alp. Arc. Lab.

Smelowskia calycina. Alp. Arc.

Alp.*

Alp. Arc. Wh. Mts.

Thlaspi alpestre.
Silene acaulis.

Stellaria umbellata. Subalp. Subarc. E,

Arenaria Fendleri. S.

arctica, var. Alp. Arc.
Geranium Richardsonii. E.
Lupinus leucopsis.

Astragalus hypoglottis. Arc.

aboriginum. Alp.* Arc. E.

Hookerianus.

junceus.
Geum Rossii. Alp.* Arc.
Potentilla pulcherrima.
Saxifraga adscendens. Alp.
Gayophytum ramosissimum. Val.
Echinocactus Simpsoni. E,
Cymopterus anisatus.
Peucedanum villosum. Val. E.
Hymenopappus tenuifolius. E.
Actinellaacaulis. E.

Richardsonii.

Artemisia arbuscula,

Subalp.

Val. ELS,
Subalp.

Subalp. Arc.

BOTANY.

Arnica longifolia. Subalp.
Senecio amplectens. Alp.
Primula Parryi. Alp.
Androsace septentrionalis. Alp.* Arc. E.
Pentstemon cristatus. E.
Castilleia linearifolia. Mex.
Limosella aquatica. Val.
Pedicularis Groenlandica. Subalp.* Arc.
Scutellaria resinosa. Mex. E.  [Lab.
Mertensia oblongifolia.
Sibirica.
paniculata. Alp.* Arc. E.

Eritrichium glomeratum. Subalp.* Val.
Phacelia sericea. (S. E.
Gentiana Parryi. Alp.*
Swertia perennis. Alp.* Subarc.
Salix glauca, var. Subalp. Arc.

reticulata. Alp. Arc. Lab.
Abies Engelmanni. Alp.*
Lloydia serotina. Alp. Arc.
Allium acuminatum.
Carex affinis. Alp. Subarc.

leporina. Alp.
Rossii.
Poa Andina. Alp.

 

Clematis ligusticifolia. E. Mex.
Thalictrum Fendleri.
Ranunculus macranthus. E.
Caltha leptosepala. Alp.*
Aconitum nasutum.
Berberis Aquifolium.
Barbarea vulgaris. Arc. E,
Streptanthus cordatus. S.
Cardamine cordifolia.
Physaria didymocarpa. Subarc.
Draba alpina. Alp.* Arc.
Erysimum asperum. Alp.* Val. Sub-
Viola Nuttallii. Subalp.* E. (are. E.
Silene Menziesii. Val. Subarc.
Stellaria Jamesii.
Arenaria pungens.
Talinum pygmeum. Alp.*
Claytonia Chamissonis. Subarc.
Hypericum Scouleri. Mex.
Sphzeralcea acerifolia.
Pachystima Myrsinites.
Ceanothus velutinus.
Acer glabrum,
Trifolium longipes. S.
Astragalus multiflorus.
Prunus demissa.
Spirzea dumosa.
czespitosa. Mex,
Rubus Nutkanus. E.
Cercocarpus parvifolius.
Potentilla diversifolia. Alp.* Subarc,
Pyrus sambucifolius. Subarc.
Tellima parviflora,
Mitella pentandra,
Heuchera rubescens.
parvifolia.
Parnassia fimbriata.
Ribes irriguum.
cereum,

E. S. Subarc.

Subalp.* Subarc,

Subalp.*

Sedum stenopetalum.
Epilobium paniculatum.
Gayophytum racemosum.
Symphoricarpus montanus.
Sambucus glauca.
Lonicera involucrata. E. Subarc.
Brickellia grandiflora.
Californica.

Aster glacialis. Alp.

salsuginosus. Alp.* Subarc.
Macheeranthera canescens. Val. E.S.
Erigeron compositum. Alp. Arc.
Linosyris Howardii.
Aplopappus Macronema.
Wyethia amplexicaulis.
Rudbeckia occidentalis.
Heliomeris multiflora. S.

Subalp.

Alp.

Chzenactis Douglasii. Alp.* Val. S.
‘Helenium Hoopesii.
Artemisia discolor. Subarc. E.

frigida. E.
Antennaria alpina. Alp. Arc. Lab.

Arnica Chamissonis. Subarc. E.
cordifolia, Subalp.* E.

Senecio lugens, var. Subalp.* E.
triangularis. Subarc.
Andinus.
canus. Alp.* E.

Cirsium undulatum. Val. Mex. E.
foliosum.

Crepis occidentalis.
acuminata. Val.

Pentstemon Fremonti.

humilis.

confertus. E.
Mimulus Lewisii. Subarc.

luteus. Subarc.

Veronica alpina. Subalp.Gr. Wh. Mts,
Castilleia parviflora. Subalp. S.
Echinospermum deflexum. E.
Hydrophyllum macrophyllum, var.
Phacelia circinata. S.
Phlox canescens.

czespitosa. Alp.”

Douglasii.

longifolia. Val.
Collomia grandiflora. S.

linearis, Subarc. E.

Gilia liniflora.

Nuttallii.

aggregata. S.E.

Polemonium confertum. Alp.
Frasera speciosa.
Eriogonum czespitosum.
umbellatum. Alp.* E,
microthecum. Alp.* E.
Oxyria digyna. Alp.* Arc. Wh. Mts.
Rumex venosus. Val. E.
Polygonum coarctatum. Subalp.* Arc.
Bistorta, Subalp. Arc.
Comandra pallida,
Pinus ponderosa.
Balfouriana. Alp.*
flexilis. Alp.*
Abies grandis.
Juniperus occidentalis. Val. S. E.
Luzulaspicata. Subalp. Arc. Wh.Mts.
Juncus Parryi. Subalp. (Mex.
Mertensianus. Subarc.
Carex festiva. Subarc.
tigida. Subalp. Arc.
atrata. Alp.

Phleum alpinum. Subalp.* Arc. Wh. Mts.

Agrostis exarata,
Calamagrostis sylvatica.
Stipa viridula. E.
Bromus breviaristatus.
Triticum strigosum.
Elymus Sitanion. Alp.* E.

Subare. S.
Alp. Arc. E.

(c.)

Anemone multifida, Subalp. Arc.
Ranunculusalismzefolius, var. Sabalp.
Aquilegia Canadensis, var. Arc.
Actzea spicata, var.
Corydalis aurea, var.
Arabis hirsuta. Arc.

perfoliata. Arc.

Drummondii. Alp.*
Erysimum cheiranthoides. Val. Arc.
Viola canina. Subarc.
Silene antirrhina.
Cerastium nutans.
Stellaria longipes. Arc.

crassifolia. Arc.

Subalp.* Val. Arc.
Geranium Carolinianum. Mex.
Astragalus Canadensis.
Vicia Americana. Val. Arc.

Linum perenne.

FLoRA OF THE WAHSATCH AND UINTAS, AND OF

GENERAL REPORT.

Spirzea opulifolia.
Geum triflorum., S. Subarc,
Potentilla fruticosa. Subalp.* Val. Arc.

procumbens. Alp. Subarc, Gr.

Amelanchier Canadensis, var. S, Arc.
Saxifraga nivalis. Subalp.* Arc.

“Ribes hirtellum.

lacustre. Alp. Arc,

Sedum Rhodiola. Alp.* Arc.
Epilobium alpinum. Subalp.* Arc.

tetragonum. Subarc.

angustifollum. Arc.
Heracleum lanatum. Subarc,
Galium triflorum.

boreale. S. Arc.

Valeriana dioica. Subarc.
Solidago Virga-aurea. Alp.* Arc.

Achillea Millefolium. Subalp.* Val. Arc.

Artemisia biennis.
Antennaria dioica.

Arc. [Mex,

Subalp.* Arc.
Are.

Subalp.*

Val. Arc.

Alp. Subarce.

Alp. Arc.

Pyrola rotundifolia. Arc. Mex.

Scrophularia nodosa,

Castilleia pallida, Val. S. Arc.

Brunella vulgaris. Subarc.

Polemonium czeruleum. Val, Arc, Mex.

Calystegia sepium. Val.

Apocynum androszemifolium.

Polygonum viviparum. Alp. Arc.

Shepherdia Canadensis. Arc.

Alnus incana, var. Val. Subarc.

Arnica angustifolia.

mollis.
Senecio aureus.
Vaccinium cespitosum.
Kalmia glauca, var.

XXXVIll

Populus tremuloides. S, Arc.
balsamifera, var. Arc,
Juniperus communis, var. Alp. Arc.
Virginiana. Arc.
Habenaria hyperborea. Val. Arc.
dilatata. Arc.
Spiranthes Romanzoffiana. Val. Subarc.
Veratrum album. Arc.
Smilacina racemosa, var.
stellata. Val. S.
Are,
Val.
Subare.
Alp. Arc.
Alp. Subarc. Gr.

Luzula spadicea.
Scirpus microcarpus.
Carex lanuginosa.
scirpoidea,
Agrostis canina.
Keeleria cristata.
Poaalpina. Alp.* Arc.
Bromus ciliatus. Arc.
Triticum caninum.

Trisetum subspicatum. Alp. Arc. Mex.

Claytonia Caroliniana, var. Subalp. S.
Hypericum mutilum. ?

Oxytropis campestris. Alp, Arc.
Prunus Virginiana. Arc.

Rubus strigosus. Subalp.* Subarc.
Potentilla Pennsylvanica, var. Arc. ?
Solidago stricta.

Antennaria Carpathica. Arc.
Biitum capitatum. Subarc.

Listera convallarioides. Subarc.
Carex muricata.

Eatonia obtusata.

Festuca ovina, Alp.* Arc. Mex.

THE WasHoe Mounrarns.

The collection made in the Wahsatch and Uinta Mountains showed, as was

to be expected, a much more extensive flora here than in the mountains of

the Basin, adding 224 species, 47 genera and 6 orders to those previously

collected. The total found was 618, against 393 in the western ranges, a very

large majority of these latter being agai gathered in the. mountains of Utah.

The steep slopes of the Wahsatch which face the western valley are bare

of trees and dry, only partially covered toward the base with scattered

thickets of a low form of Quercus alba.

In the cajions, however, which lead

up many miles into the recesses of the range, there is usually, where not too

rocky and precipitous, a free growth of most of the shrubs and plants already

mentioned as common westward, with others which have either been very

rare or wanting altogether. Among these are Cowania and Celtis, Cercocarpus

parvifolius, Acer glabrum, Spirea opulifolia, Rosa fraxinifolia, Pachystima,

and near the stream-banks Rhus aromatica and glabra, Acer grandidenta-

tum, Negundo, Sambucus racemosa, Betula occidentalis, and in the very high
XXXViil BOTANY.
cations of the Uintas B. glandulosa and Vaccinium Myrtillus. The timber
trees, which are found from the middle cafions to an altitude of about 10,000
feet, consist of Pinus flexilis and ponderosa, and the smaller contorta, with
Abies Menziesii, Engelmanni and Douglasii, grandis and amabilis. Juniperus
occidentalis is replaced by J. Virginiana. In some of the cations the cottonwood
attains a large size, but the oak, which is frequent through the Wahsatch,
and maple are rarely large enough to become of value. The :valleys of
Bear River and the Weber have a flora resembling that of the higher valleys
of the Basin, with Artemisia, &c., but in the still higher parks the vegetation
is principally herbaceous and very various.

As shown by the subdivisions of the following list-of the plants collected
only in these mountains, thirty-two species are-either new or not yet found
elsewhere; twelve occur in the Pacific ranges, seventy in the Rocky
Mountain region, and forty-two others in both mountain systems, only twenty
of the whole extending eastward towards the Saskatchewan or Mississippi.
Of these western species seventeen are arctic and twelve subarctic, to twenty-
eight alpine and twenty-two subalpine. In division (c.) are forty-two species
which are found on both the Pacific and Atlantic slopes, and twenty-six be-
longing to the Atlantic side only; of these twenty-six are arctic and fifteen
subarctic, to six alpine and seven subalpine. If, however, the entire collection
from these mountains be taken into account, division (a@.) will include 57
species, the three sections of division (6.) 61, 120 and 194 species re-
spectively, and the sections of division (¢c.) 151 and 35 species. While the
proportion of arctic and subarctic plants remains the same (but with a dispro-
portionate increase among the more widely diffused species,) that of Mexico
and southern species becomes one-half greater. The whole number of alpine
species will be seventy-nine and of subalpine sixty-eight.

Species collected only in the Wahsatch and Uintas.

Castilleia flava. Val.

(2.) Orogenia linearifolia.
Parrya macrocarpa. Alp. Arc. Cymopterus longipes. Gilia stenothyrsa.
Caulanthus hastatus. Angelica pinnata. tenerrima. Val,
Lychnis Ajanensis ? Alp. Sib. Peucedanum simplex. S. Gentiana heterosepala.
Sagina nivalis ? Alp. Gr. bicolor. Polygonum minimum. Alp.
Lewisia brachycalyx. S. ° Lonicera Utahensis. Allium brevistylum.
Linum Kingii. Subalp.* Aster Kingii. Carex elongata. Subalp. Subarc.
_ Lupinus parviflorus, Erigeron ursinum. Subalp. vulgaris, var. Subalp.*
Trifolium Kingii. stenophyllum. Subalp. Poa Eatoni.
Andinum. Tanacetum diversifolium. (6.)
gymnocarpon. Taraxacum phymatocarpum. Alp.Gr. Saxifraga integrifolia.

Astragalus jejunus. Val. Synthyris pinniatifida. Zauschneria Californica. Mex,
Osmorhiza nuda. Subarc,
Arctostaphylos glauca. S.
Pentstemon centranthifolius. S.

heterophyllus.
Nemophila parviflora. S.
Salix phlebophylla. Alp. Arc.
Brodizea multiflora.
Carex Hoodii.

laciniata.

Danthonia Californica.

Clematis Douglasii.
alpina, var. Subalp.
Thalictrum sparsiflorum, Subarc. E.
Ranunculus affinis, var. Subalp.* Arc.
orthorhynchus, var. Sub-
Aquilegia flavescens. lalp.
Draba aurea. Subalp.
Arenaria congesta. Subalp.*
verna, Alp. Arc, Lab.
Claytonia arctica, var. Alp. Arc.
Sidalcea candida.
Acer grandidentatum.
Trifolium nanum. Alp.
dasyphyllum. Alp.
Parryi.
Astragalus campestris.
simplicifolius.
Hedysarum Mackenzii.
Lathyrus ornatus. E.
Rubus leucodermis.
Cercocarpus breviflorus.
Potentilla nivea. Alp. Arc. Lab.
Saxifraga flagellaris. Alp. Arc.
czespitosa. Alp. Arc. Lab.
rivularis. Alp. Arc. Lab.
Mitella trifida.
Jamesia Americana.
Ribes viscosissimum.
Sedum rhodanthum.
C£nothera breviflora.
coronopifolia.
Aster glaucus.
Erigeron grandiflorum.
macranthum. E.

Subalp.
Are, E.

Val. S. E.

ochroleucum.
Aplopappus Parryi.
uniflorus. Val. E.
Nuttallii, Val. E.

Helianthella uniflora. S.
Artemisia filifolia. S. E.
scopulorum. Alp.
Senecio eremophilus. Subarc. E.
Fremontii. Alp.*
Cirsium eriocephalum. Alp.*
Campanula uniflora, Alp. Arc.
Vaccinium Myrtillus. Subarc.
Pentstemon cyananthus.
czespitosus. Val.
glaucus. Subalp.*
Pedicularis bracteosa. E.
Lithospermum longiflorum. Mex. E.
Mertensia brevistyla.
Eritrichium villosum, var.
Gilia Gunnisoni.

Alp.

GENERAL REPORT.

Gilia minima.
Gentiana frigida, var. Alp.
Paronychia pulvinata. Alp.
Eriogonum corymbosum.
brevicaule.
racemosum. Val.
Rumex paucifolius.
Euphorbia montana. Mex.
Alp. Arc. Lab.
Calochortus Gunnisoni.
Allium reticulatum. Val. E.
Carex Pyrenaica. Alp. Subarc. E.
limula. Subalp.
saxatilis, var. Subalp. Gr.
concinna, Subalp. Arc.
Poa cesia, Alp. Arc. E.

Salix arctica.

Aquilegia czerulea.
Viola palustris. Lab. White Mts.
Lychnis Drummondi. S. E.
Arenaria formosa. Arc. S.
Sagina Linnzei. Arc.
Ptelea angustifolia. S.
Lupinus leucophyllus.
aridus. Val.
Lathyrus polyphyllus.
Ivesia Gordoni, Alp.*
Rosa fraxinifolia.
Ligusticum apiifolium.

Val.

Archangelica Gmelini. Alp. Arc, Mass.

Erigeron acre. Subalp.* E.
Balsamorrhiza macrophylla.
Amida hirsuta. E.S.
Arnica latifolia. Subalp. Subarc.
Senecio tilifolius. Val. E.
Hieracium albiflorum.
triste. Subalp.* Subarc.

Gaultheria Myrsinites. Subarc.
Pedicularis racemosa. Subalp.*
Verbena bracteoca. E.
Betula occidentalis.
Pinus contorta, var. Subarc.
Abies Menziesii. Subarc.

amabilis.

Dougilasii. S.
Habenaria foetida.
Zigadenus Fremontii. Val.
Prosartes trachycarpa.
Erythronium grandiflorum.
Milla grandiflora.
Juncus Drummondii. Subalp. Subarc.

Carex nigricans. Alp. Subarc.

Bonplandii, var. Subalp.
Jagopina. Subalp. Gr.
Haydeniana.
Raynoldsii. Alp. E:
Geyeri.

Glyceria pauciflora.

Catabrosa aquatica. Gr. E.

(e.)
Clematis verticillaris.
Ranunculus Flammula, var. Arc.

Nuphar advena. Subalp. Subarc.

Viola Canadensis.

XXX1xX

Cerastium arvense.
Stellaria borealis. Arc.
Negundo aceroides.
Rhus glabra,
Rhus Toxicodendron,
Lathyrus palustris. Mex.
Fragaria vesca. Arc.
Virginiana, var.
Potentilla Norvegica. Subarc.
Ribes prostratum. Subarc.
Circzea alpina, var. Subarc.
Linnza borealis. Arc.
Sambucus racemosa, var.
Galium trifidum. Arc.
Antennaria margaritacea. Subarc.
Campanula rotundifolia. Alp.* Arc.
Specularia perfoliata.
Vaccinium myrtilloides.
Pyrola chlorantha, Arc.
secunda. Arc.
Moneses uniflora. Subarc.
Chimaphila umbellata. Mex.
Pterospora Andromedea.
Lysimachia ciliata. Val.
Aphyllon uniflorum.
Veronicaserpyllifolia. Subalp. Subarc.
Lycopus sinuatus. [Mex.
Scutellaria galericulata. Subarc.
Betula glandulosa. Subalp.* Arc.
Zannichellia palustris. Mex.
Corallorhiza multiflora.
Streptopus amplexifolius.
Luzula campestris. Arc.
SFuncus filiformis, Arc.
Carex straminea. Alp. Arc. Mex.
Buxbaumii. Subalp. Arc.
Poa serotina, Arc.
Hierochloa borealis.

Subarc.

Subarc.

Subarc.

Are.

 

Ranunculus multifidus. Val. Arc.
Trollius laxus. Subalp.

Lychnis apetala. Alp. Arc.
Cerastium vulgatum, var. Alp. Arc.
Arenaria lateriflora. Subarc.
Ficerkia proserpinacoides.

Alp. Are.

Are.

Dryas octopetala.
Callitriche autumnalis.
Thaspium trifoliatum.
Taraxacum palustre. Alp. Arc.
Vaccinium uliginosum,. Arc.
Dracocephalum parvifiorum, §.Subarc.
Physalis pubescens.
Polygonum lapathifolium, var.
Eleagnus argentea, Val, Subarc.
Humulus Lupulus.
Quercus alba, var.
Sparganium minimum. Subalp.* Arc.
Potamogeton rufescens. Arc.
pusillus, var.
Tradescantia Virginica.
Carex tenella. Arc.
vitilis. Arc.
Magellanica. Subalp.
capillaris. Subarc.
Poa flexuosa, ?
xl BOTANY.

There was little opportunity for investigating the flora of that portion
of the Sierras which lies in Western Nevada, but sufficient was seen to show
that it differs widely from that of the mountain ranges of the Basin. The
heavily timbered mountain sides, the well-watered cafions, the picturesque
shores of Lake Tahoe and the snowy crown of Washoe Peak yet remain a rich
and inviting field for the botanical collector. The species of the following
list are mostly of Dr. C. L. Anderson’s collection from ‘near Carson City,”
and are referred to these mountains as their probable habitat. All are con-
fined to California or Oregon, excepting Pentstemon Menziesii, which extends
to the Rocky Mountains of British America. Fragaria vesca and Arcto-
staphylos glauca should be added, also found in the Uintas but not in the
intervening territory.

.

Species collected in the Washoe Mountains.

Ceanothus divaricatus, var. Horkelia parviflora. Cordylanthus tenuis.
prostratus. Ribes sanguineum, var. Polemonium micranthum,

Lupinus calcaratus. Lonicera conjugialis. Solanum umbelliferum.
Andersoni. Aster Andersonii. Castanopsis chrysophylla.
Torreyi. Artemisia potentilloides. Libocedrus decurrens.
Breweri. Pentstemon Menziesii. R. Lilium parvum.

Trifolium Andersonii. brevifiorus. Milla hyacinthina.

Prunus emarginata. gracilentus. Juncus chlorocephalus.

SournerN Frora of Nevapa anp Uran. The region lying south of
that embraced in the survey becomes gradually more dry and desert and the
vegetation approaches more and more to that of Arizona and southeastern
California. Little, however, is actually known of the flora, and no more
promising field lies open to the botanist than this. The collections that have
been made by Dr. Edward Palmer in Southern Utah and the few other species
that could be found reported as growing within the limits of Nevada and
Utah are embraced in the Catalogue and given without attempt at classifica-
tion in the following list. Some, like the Larrea, are widely diffused and
abundant desert species; others are rare and confined to the mountains.
The Anemopsis appears to be the only saline aquatic among them.

Species reported from Southern Nevada and Utah.

Berberis Fremontii. Dalea lanata. Mamillaria Grahami.
Krameria parvifolia. Fremontii. phellosperma.
Spheeralcea incana, var. Johnsoni. vivipara, var.
Larrea Mexicana. Astragalus Preussii. Echinocactus polyancistrus.
Thamnosma montana. Mex. Robinia Neo-Mexicana, Johnsoni.
Ceanothus Greggii. Mex. Prosopis pubescens, polycephalus.
Trifolium subcaulescens. Prunus minutiflora. Opuntia basilaris.

Hosackia argophylla. Petalonyx Thurberi. Mex. Garrya ?
puberula. Mex. Mentzelia multiflora. Brickellia atractyloides.

 
Palafoxia linearis.
Aplopappus sphzerocephalus.

spinulosus, var. Mex.

Tessaria borealis.

Franseria dumosa.

Simsia canescens.

Tithonia argophylla,
Gaillardia pinnatifida. Mex.
Hymenopappus luteus.

GENERAL REPORT.

Coldenia hispidissima.
Phacelia Palmeri.
rotundifolia.
Fremontii.
Gilia setosissima.
Schottii.
Lycium pallidum.
Datura Meteloides. Mex.
Frasera albomarginata.

xli

Obione hymenelytra.
Alternanthera lanuginosa. Mex.
Erjogonum fasciculatum.

trichopodum,
Anemopsis Californica, Mex.
Euphorbia polygonifolia.
Croton procumbens, Mex.
Yucca baccata.

brevifolia.

Baileya pleniradiata. Mex.
Arctostaphylos pungens. ?
Salazaria Mexicana. Mex.

Fraxinus anomala.
viridis.
Abronia umbellata.

angustifolia.
Agave Utahensis.

IntRopuceD Puants. The following list includes all the plants of the
collection that could be considered as introduced. The first eight seemed to
make themselves perfectly at home among the sage-brush, but there are forms
of Chenopodium album which are undoubtedly indigenous. The rest were
found only near old fields or fences or in actual cultivation, excepting the last
four, which were collected on stream-banks in cafions near roads traveled

only by the teams of woodmen. Their introduction is perhaps questionable.

‘Introduced Species.
Brassica nigra. Melilotus alba. Polygonum Convolvulus.
campestris. parviflora. Phleum pratense.
Capsella Bursa-pastoris. Peucedanum sativum. Eragrostis pozeoides.
Saponaria Vaccaria. Coriandrum sativum. Hordeum Himalayense.

Maruta Cotula. Avena fatua.
Marrubium vulgare.
Chenopodium album.

Botrys.

Verbascum Thapsus.
Satureia hortensis. sativa.
Nepeta Cataria.
Verbena hastata.
Solanum nigrum.
Datura Stramonium.
Amarantus paniculatus.
Polygonum Persicaria.

Taraxacum Dens-leonis.
Polypogon Monspeliensis.
Poa annua.

Setaria viridis.

 

Nasturtium officinale.
Portulaca oleracea.
Medicago sativa.

Résumé oF THE DIsTriBuTION AND RaNnGE oF GENERA AND SPECIES.
The plants of the collection have been grouped in the preceeding lists accord-
‘ing to the localities in which they were actually found. The few other re-
ported species also included are placed, when the character of the habitat was
not actually known, where they would be most likely to fall. As regards the
range of the species, by which the lists are subdivided, no more than approxi-
mate correctness is in many cases possible. In the Catalogue the range of
each species within the United States and British America is given as accur-
ately as it could be learned by reference to published works and an examin-
ation of the collections at hand. But the recorded localities, of the older
collectors especially, are frequently more or less indefinite, many species
are little known or have been collected only from widely separated localities,

and hence an arrangement that should propose to give more than a very
vi
aii BOTANY.

general outlining of the range is out of the question. However, it is rather
as an experiment that any discussion of the matter has been attempted, with
the hope of arriving not at any positive conclusions but possibly at indications
of the results that may be looked for from a more thorough and extended
consideration of fuller and more reliable data.

The total number of indigenous pheenogamous species enumerated in the
Catalogue as growing in Nevada or Utah is 1235, representing 439 genera
and 84 orders. Of these, 3 orders, 14 genera and 62 species have been found
only in the more southern portion of the territory, and 6 orders, 49 genera,
and 248 species only in the Washoe, Wabsatch, or Uinta Mountains, leaving
75 orders, 376 genera and 945 species for the known flora of this portion of
the Basin proper.

The alkaline group, comprising 19 orders, 37 genera, and 49 species, is
predominantly Chenopodiaceous and Gramineous, the first named order giving
one-fourth of both genera and species, and with the Graminee, Composite,
and Crucifere, including more than half of each. It is also decidedly western
and is more strictly confined to the Basin than any other group, only two-
fifths of the species occurring upon the Pacific slope and one-fourth upon the
Atlantic. This is noteworthy in connection with the fact that large areas of
the Basin were at a comparatively recent geological period occupied by fresh-
water lakes. More of the species tend southward than beyond the British
boundary.

The aquatic and meadow group embraces 170 species, representing 100
genera and 42 ordets. The only very prominent orders are the Composite,
Gramineae, and Cyperacee, which include one-third of the genera and two-
fifths of the species. The Scrophulariacee, Leguminose, and Rosacee make
up more than half of the species and 45 per cent. of the genera. The species
are very widely diffused in all directions, more than one-third being arctic or
subarctic, three-fifths reaching the Atlantic and four-fifths the Pacific side of
the continent, while one-fourth are decidedly southern.’ Half of the com-
posite species are asteroid, the remaining species and two-thirds of the genera
being equally senecioid and ligulate.

The next group of plants, representing the desert flora, includes 38

 

! By an oversight a number of species, well known as extending into Mexico, failed to be so noted
in the list. Such in division (c.) are the species of Cardamine, Potentilla, Gentiana, Ceratophyllum, Sisy-
rinchium, Eleocharis, Phragmites, Triticum, Ranunculus aquatilis, Juncus Balticus and bufonius, and Scirpus
validus. Carex disticha should also be inserted before C. stipata.
GENERAL REPORT. xliii

orders, 134 genera and 305 species. By far the largest order is the Com-
posite, to which belong 28 per cent. of the genera and one-fifth of the
species, somewhat more than half, both of genera and species, being senecioid
and one-fourth ligulate. The Crucifere, Gramineae, and Scrophulariacee
follow in the number of their genera, making more than half of the whole,
but the numerous Astragali and Eriogonee place the Leguminose and
Polygonacee in advance in respect of species, which orders with the Cruci-
fereand Scrophulariacee form one-half. The Polemoniaceea, Hydrophyllacee,
Onagracee, Chenopodiacee and Borraginacee are also large orders with from
three to six per cent. of species. This group is decidedly western and
southern, less than five per cent. appearing on the Atlantic slope, while 55
per cent. are on the Pacific side and nearly one-third extend to Arizona
or beyond.

In the mountain flora of the Basin there are 51 orders, 191 genera and
393 species. The composites, though less predominent than in the last group,
have yet more than 18 per cent. of the species and over 17 per cent. of the
genera, half of which genera and nearly half the species are senecioid, 27 per
cent. of the genera and 35 per cent. of the species being asteroid. The
proportion of the other orders has changed largely, the relative increase
being greatest in the Rosacee, Caryophyllacea, and Saxifragacee, and some-
what less in the Liliacee, Ericacee, Conifer, and Umbellifere, with but little
increase or even a diminution of numbers in the other more prominent orders.
Seven orders have now to be joined with the Composite to form half of the
genera and species, viz: Leguminose, Crucifere, Rosacee, Gramineae, Scrophu-
lariacee, Polemoniacee and Ranunculacee—the last equaled in species by the
Caryophyllacee, Saxifragacee and Polygonacee.

The tendency of the range is, as was to be expected, toward the north
and northwest. The number of Pacific species is nearly 70 per cent., to 22
per cent. upon the Atlantic side; only 9 per cent. are known as southern,
but nearly 30 per cent. are arctic or subarctic, and as large a proportion alpine
or subalpine.

If the species found in the Wahsatch and Uintas be included the
results are somewhat changed; the proportion of Composite is reduced to
one-sixth of the species and one-seventh of the genera, and the Leguminose
are followed in number of species by the Cyperacea, Rosacee, Gramineae,
Caryophyllacee, Ranunculaceee and Scrophulariacee. ‘The proportion of
xliv BOTANY.

Atlantic species increases to one-fourth and that of the Pacific diminishes to
three-fifths.

Looking at the Basin flora as a whole it appears to a considerable
degree a distinct one. Though the position of the territory would rather
indicate as probable an intermingling of the surrounding floras, of the Cali-
fornian with that of the Rocky Mountains, and of the extreme northern,
descending along the mountain ranges, with that of the deserts of Arizona
spreading northward in the valleys—as indeed is largely the case—yet it has
a marked character of its own. This consists partly in the absence of many
of the peculiarities of the surrounding floras. A very large portion of Pacific
species, not only arborescent but shrubby and herbaceous, stop abruptly upon
the eastern slope of the Sierras and do not reappear eastward. For this reason
the California district should be considered as limited on the east by that
range, the whole southeastern portion of the State and a smaller section in the
northeastern part belonging geographically and botanically to the Colorado
Desert and to the Basin respectively. A like line of demarcation is shown
on the eastern side at the base of the Wahsatch by the immediate accession
of new orders and species characteristic of the eastern flora) Again many of
the forms prevalent farther south are wanting or appear only on the borders
of Nevada and Utah, as most of the Cactacew and of the Daleas and other
large leguminous genera and even suborders, characteristic Rutaceous and
Zy gophyllaceous species, the Cucurbitacee and Loranthacee, Salvia, and the
larger portion of the Solanacew, Euphorbiacee and Nyctaginacee. The
mingling with northern species is necessarily more intimate, yet with a more
exact knowledge of the habitats of ‘‘ Oregon” species a well marked limit
of the Basin flora could probably also be drawn in that direction. But aside
from these deficiencies, the general preponderence of senecioid composites,
of which the Artemisia tridentata may be considered the prevailing represen-
tative, and the so marked number of chenopodiaceous genera and species,
many of which do not extend greatly beyond the limits of the Basin, make the
flora a singular one and warrant designating the district as one of Artemisias
and Chenopods. The abundance of species of Astragalus, Eriogonum and
the allied genera, Ginothera, Pentstemon, and Phacelia, is also in a more or
less degree distinctive.

The following table shows the distribution of the genera and species
arranged by orders:
 

 

 

 
 

  

 

 

 

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

GENERAL REPORT. xlv
J
Not found in the Basin.
Bua at Basin Species.
‘ ; asin, Wahsatch cae Southern.
ORsERe. 5 8 and Uintas. ‘
3 & 3 , a 4 : a S S Z
wn
° ° o o oO oO = oe i °
ela lfo|&)o]#)/ola lola <=/4/ [ate
RAMU NCUA CESS ope ice: aseiestinsere seenelece 12 37 il 26 a Is pcan esa Wtf eaeetelliae aie ose I 4 6 15
Berberidedts. 2 savcns canesedcs 1
Nymphzeacez®.......e scence eens 1
Papaveraceze....ceseeeeeeeeeeree 3
Cruciferseiny, aiessce csnzes ot 21
Capparideze 3
Violaceze..... Taleo esdhenigie aicionedaions q
Polygalaceze .. jo a
Caryophyllaceze...........se eee 7
POrEUA CACC ie wsiera dees dieverheeait cvaiiye 5
Rlatinez ...... 2
Hypericaceze 1
Mal Va COO ncvannee sartateait nated 4
ECB aes ox ceeuwy oh Sea 1
Zy Gophylla cee. ecco agadeax iw 1
Geraniacez... 3
Ruta COS sas secemistiag caesnsaren sec 2
Celastrinedeisiaccsiy ta-veuwrniess eerste 1
RAMMED 0.3 6)2,0:0:6 614 siereiecwinve wcasareseave 1
Sapindaces cassie weet ie wanes 2
ACA OATUIA CES 5-5 vp eexve sa ewes as 1
Tie WMIROSR cee tr deine be edn 14
Hea Cee omni ns mere 7 yeRniee au 16
Saxifrageze ... 7 | 27 6
Crassulaceze.........seeeeeeeenes 2 5 2
Halorag catigs wreerense sees sec « 3 4 3
Diy third Ce aeinnccasrer scans te aatelaris 1 I 1
OMA BPR CORE. carers tmeenae sommes 7 29 5
Loasacez .. 2 5 1
Cacla cers isis snissien ie caiainswiieas 4 | 18 4
Bi eoidece sc sjecayaa scoyeslusy esr naveok = 1 r 1
Umbelliferze.... 16) 3r |} i
Gornalce ae is ia ceheinshxnacedcncteed se 2 2 1
Caprifoliaceze .........ccceee eee 4 7 3
RUBIA Cea wee tn watts se emieree ae 1 8 jel
Valerianaceze ............ccee eee 2 3 2
Composite... 69 | 207 62
Eupatoriaceze ...........45 3 8 2
Asteroidez............0005 13 | 68 12
Senecionidez.............. 39 | 93 34
Cynarere saxty iserexeng a8 1 5 1
Liguliflorze .. | 18 as
LODEeACEEH. sawieeauan sarganae views 1 I
Copa ECO on uw evenin none 3 4
TIGA C O28 5: csi si citiepaisiain eaceeiaiare ‘aetdeail’ 16
Plantag ina ces inc os sccsisceevires veces 1 3
Primulaceze ... 6 7
Lentibulacez..........cceeseeeee 1 2
Orobanchace® ........seeeeeeeee 2 3
Scrophulariaceae... 14 56
Verbenaceae....... cece secee cece 1 L
Tea atet s.wsscaiscigisisinjaie ateeibiein's HAS ML 12
Borraginacez ... 8 | 22
Hydrophyllaceze 7 26
Polemoniacez ...........0eee eee 4 4

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
xlvi BOTANY.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

   

   

Not found in the Basin.
: Basin Species.
Basin. saraneateh: Southern.
s a and Uintas. piciye :
ORDERS. 8 3 - : & g
S6/&lal¢}el¢)e se ele elas | 4
3) 8 Se Bo eed see ae | ee g 3 | a. |. 3B
° © 9 a - a 0 a 9 a a iB
a a o a o a & a (G) na < < A S
Convolvulaceze........eeeeeeeeee 3 4 3 Be NAGS SE eae esr lees elon aise ne He ifeeieiehse 2 z
Solanaced..... sess eeeseneeeeeees 6 8 4 1 1 |e----- x 1 2 To [eseeee ZB eveeee
Gentianaceze ........ese eee eeeeee 6 12 6 Qi. sine BO | eaten Rate ecto - z lets 3
APOCYNACER . 1. eee sete eee eees 1 2 1 & |weeael sens ga] osvenelecatertenmnns|t oe eeelbow eae « 2 leony I
Asclepiadaceze ........+.e eee eee 2 4 2 4 [ecccec fens eeefeceeee fer eee efeneeeefeeeeeeleceaes I 2 I
Oleineze..... 2 cece eee eee ene eee 1  |l-nsnee[eceeacferseoefeeeeee see 1 Bi» jl | Sagres eel asta veceiel erantadso’o,| maaizanse
Nyctaginaceze sd se USERS, 4 7 A) 1G papementeceae sarc iar ad ated E Hiss we alewoetae G pewey
Chenopodiaceze 13 | 26 13% [ge |eeoecelliagess x 4 Iesegaies 10 I
Amarantacece ........eeeee eas 5 3 4 feceeeefeee ees ne 1 _ To fevenee Bo |eceees
Paronychiacez 1 ae [Thesetreeal hs cass 1 Te (Pace sceuaceel eens cic all rapes lhe en et agate gece ae gets
Polygonaceze......eeeee eee eee eee 6 | 50 6 | 42 J------ 6 |eneeee[ee eee e]en eee Zi feveree 5 | 22 | 415
Eleagnacee.......-sseeeeeeee ees 2 3 I 2 it tT [ewceee[eceeeelens eats [aerial Feat D> leecinst I
Santalacez®......csseeeeeeereenes 1 I 1 Lo feceeec[ecseeefeeee ec feeeneeleee eee leeeeeel[ereeerleceee eles eeee[ oT
Saururace® .... se eee ere cere eee 1 Wf  Moacescia duel crevtoonenss| Sesarsaits oh aig 8G ReiRteiee | Melee 1 Til lia cecesetvee eectesecaia [ccncvesioy [eleven
Ceratophyllaceze .....-..--0eeee- 1 I 1 Be || eas ctcn’ [beara |[wersiarse | ie vest Poaceae linear tel Peete ost Tt Jaci A Ee eES
Euphorbiaceze 2 7 ee Siete ‘3 I Te ete as a> || diecatersys
Urticacese. ..s20caes 4 4 ; 3 3 1 Ty Neaccca ice) aventes, asell rose ial se navel [anaconda 2 a ee
Cupuliferae ..... ccc cere eee teeene 2 2 (seers ons 1 I 1 Nasser ores sssshceitosdiafs dua fatereearcaal eve: ane Sell eteneiaraee
Betulaceze.......ccs ce ceseeeeeene 2 3 1 I 1 Bi MN dceizeecreilesc: sey cial hs aeetnns | euaietaren [vs aera ena am seare I
Salica ese? saiceds 24.69 venseweniine 2 12 2 8: eewaes Beas 4 Bi Wisvsizcscini|airadAllon eee ae Veiewetior 4
Grnetaceee vi ccs cece ee eceeeeeeeees 1 £ 1 D> Nesectocenpl aps vert | capers ew tate [ORE ic Ses cap el laxen caste Shavcemserd Deas
Goniferces: caine ccennnnn teases es 4 14 3 9: seseee 4 1 a "Ryser | vase ol] beagles al eaaneies 9
Lemnacez. 1 4 A i ||pssexs| pease] aces ee leaeaice| ewes eesti ol ener A erarwravwialieard.aeass
Typhaceze 2 3 2 Be [eseciedl Te fcceaicie [drove Sie si] scieieid elfiesaieigasieiflineteie a's 2 Vins: ssasesu linea
NaiadaCeSnunasitacciin densa tens 2 9 1 Go Be) gt dtereeeellisa cas |eemceslle oes neve [eas anet 6: oraeaes i [acerca re
ALSMAG C28% csc.sriscieigss 04 > sie eceeisinieisy 3 4 3 @. essences sear a mercer etree alee. aoar ears 2 iB ltecscerave cslprsiaists
Orchidace2? -sciie: seca eodanacienrs 3 7 4 5 1 De Warsecrasd ell aves apocalllensssiz nial lie: Soisia.el| hesese weed Te jack drs 4
MV GaG CB0 tit Harscaviaess orn ene ed eteaaaoniien 2 3 2 3. |eeeneelize to skewers lesaoanl cases: [eaten lle anes Bo Neues [
Bilin ese 32% tu 26 ou se tears 18 | oy 16 2n 4 Git |exceets 2 2 4 1 2 7 Ir
JUNCAC CI ss sstveline oie sieves win eeseainideens 2 14 2 IO |-+---- cael peer eT | eteceriaeel | aceseraas || eucesawsay Ie Sakeidinas 5
Pontederiacea........ceeeeeeeeee i I 1 E> [ates bs cl| a estar | emeictere nil ntyaay lees venus AV cesas Te ll aeneeen bein
Commelynaces sii severities 1 T | pteste lenny 1 HS leesiezetesllecdevesse [isizaecacin| areaave seal l errata dese etesonsis' austere lemisuciess
TOPE O OR cn cknaae eek acankeununs 5 55 5 3) lca BO Haulers! sissies lesa ed ans wale 2 19) |esainieae 12
Graminee........ecte eee cece ees 35 68 33 59 2 8b lesice t= |baraa peers I 7 20 13 19

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Of the 1141 species given in the lists of the Basin, Wahsatch and Uintas,
687 or 60 per cent. appear to be found upon the Pacific slope, 678 or nearly
the same proportion do not pass eastward beyond the Rocky Mountains, 177
or 15 per cent. approach or reach the Mississippi or Saskatchewan, and
287 or 25 per cent. approach the Atlantic; 17 per cent. are Mexican or
southern, very nearly 15 per cent. are arctic, and over 8 per cent. more extend
north of latitude 55°.

Of these 170 arctic and 95 subarctic species 30 per cent. in each class
are found among the plants of the valleys and foot-hills, and of these again
80 per cent. are among those species which have the widest range in longi-
tude. In the mountains of the Basin 45 per cent. are found, of which 60 per
GENERAL REPORT. xlvii

cent. belong to the plants of widest range. The flora of the Wahsatch and
Uintas contains 75 per cent. of the arctic and 81 per cent. of the subarctic
species ;. 63 per cent. of the first and one-half of the last are also upon the
Atlantic side of the continent.

Among the 101 alpine and 77 subalpine species there is a comparatively
small proportion of the arctic or higher northern plants. But 46 arctic
species were collected in alpine localities and but 19 others could even be
considered as subalpine, while but 20 of the subarctic species were either
alpine or approaching it. ;

“In regard to the range of the genera but little can be said. Of the 439
genera of the Catalogue 148, including 288 species, are not found in the
United States east of the Mississippi. Of the remaining genera, which are
thus found, 109 have their 146 species also all eastern, 96 with 297 species
include among them none that occur east of the Mississippi, and 86 are
divided in this respect, including 182 eastern and 323 western species.

No attempt has been made at giving the range of species beyond the
limits of North America. Mr. Ouvey states that of the forty-five species of
Carex, named in the Catalogue, fourteen are found in both Europe and Asia,
five in Europe only, two in Asia only, and two in South America, of which
one also occurs in Europe and Asia. Two of these European species are for
the first time identified as American in this collection. The range of the
mosses only is given as fully as it could be ascertained.

Cryprocamic Frora. The atmospheric conditions are incompatible
with even an ordinary development of cryptogamic vegetation in the Basin.
Ferns are rare, occasionally found in the higher mountains but in many of
the ranges wholly absent. In the Wahsatch and Uintas they are more fre-
quent and in a larger number of species. Only twelve species were collected,
five of which were confined to Utah. Nine of these range from the Atlantic
or from the Great Lakes to the Pacific, of which three are arctic and two
subarctic.

No opportunity for the collection of mosses was neglected and the
material has been most patiently and thoroughly elaborated by Mr. James,
who returns an unexpected number of species. Some of them, like the
Grimmia, were attached to the driest sun-burned rocks of the valleys, others
were found only in early spring under sage-brush and in the meadows near
Carson City. Far the larger number were collected on the wet banks of
xlviil BOTANY.

perennial streams, especially in the East and West Humboldt Monntains or
more frequently in the Wahsatch and Uintas, and in the cold springs of Ruby
Valley. Of the 97 species 82 are common to Europe, 32 have been found
in Arctic America or Greenland, and four are subarctic. Forty-three extend
from the Atlantic to the Pacific and sixteen others occur in the Eastern
States. Of the 15 species not European 8 are considered new, 2 are found
in California, 2 in the Rocky Mountains, 2 both in the Rocky Mountains and
westward, and one from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Three of the European
species had not been before identified as American.

The few Hepatice collected were found only in the higher mountains,
mostly in the Wahsatch and Uintas. Lichens are sometimes abundant in the
the lower ranges of the Basin, but confined to a few well known genera and
species. The Lecanore are most conspicuous, covering large surfaces of the
rocks and clifts with their bright colors. In other mountains all kinds are
rare. Fungi were very seldom met with in any part of the territory.

AcricutturaL Resources. It is evident from what has already been
said that the agricultural resources of the Basin are not great. The actual
limit is fixed by the deficiency of water. With a moderate supply for
irrigation during the growing season there is no difficulty in securing good
crops of cereals and vegetables in any of the valleys and lower cafions of the
territory. The most fertile localities lie at the base of the Sierras, but as a
rule there is an apparent absence everywhere of a true soil or mould result-
ing from the decomposition of vegetable matter. It is well known, however,
that the Artemisia tridentata is always evidence of a considerable degree of
fertility, and as also the presence of a moderate amount of alkalies is by no
means detrimental it follows that a very large extent of surface must be
adapted to agricultural purposes. But with the present actually available
supply of water from the rivers and mountain streams, even were the whole
of it employed in the most economical manner, it is estimated that out of
the 34,000 square miles in Northern Nevada within the limits of the maps
of the survey not over 1,000 square miles could ever be brought under culti-
vation. The relative amount in Western Utah and in the more southern
portions of the Basin must be less. The labor and expense of making canals
and ditches, the limited markets for produce, and the competion in those
markets of the overflow of California’s abundance will probably long prevent
more than a very partial development of the real capabilities of the region.
GENERAL REPORT. xlix

The larger and more constant supply of water from the Wahsatch ard
Uintas renders possible a much more general improvement of the resources
of Utah. The lands at the western base of the Wahsatch, large portions of
the valleys of the Bear, Weber, and Provo Rivers, and such of the parks as
are not too elevated may all be brought under cultivation. Yet the actual
cost of bringing water upon these lands, fencing them and putting them in
a producing condition, at the ordinary rates of wages, is said to be nearly fifty
dollars an acre.

For grazing purposes the region is not generally adapted, as is proven
by the absence of all graminivorous animals excepting rabbits in the valleys
and rarely a few mountain sheep or antelopes in the higher ranges. In the
spring and early summer there is a considerable supply of nourishing grass
in many localities, but it is not continuous, and for several months forage is
very scanty except as scattered through the mountain cafions. A substitute
for grass is sometimes found in the Eurotia lanata, and some other chenopo-
diaceous plants are eaten by sheep. Frémont and Carrington Islands in Salt
Lake are occupied as sheep pastures by the Mormons, though the amount
of grass is small and there is a supply of only brackish water for much of
the year.

The possibility of the more general cultivation without irrigation of some
forms of perennial or woody vegetation is an interesting question. That there
can be to a certain extent a vigorous growth of such plants with only the
ordinary natural supply of moisture is certain from the number of prevalent
species of this character, and it seems not chimerical to believe that with the
necessities of a future more crowded population there will be found either
profitable use for these or more serviceable substitutes that shall be equally
capable of thriving under the present climatic conditions.

The source of supply of the moisture by which life is sustained in these
plants through the droughts of summer has been a matter of doubt. It has
been supposed either that they are in some degree air-plants, drawing the re-
quisite moisture from the atmosphere itself, or that the structure of the leaf-
surface and the pubescence or glutinous secretion that often covers them
prevent in a great measure the usual evaporation of the juices of the plant.
It is true that in many of the localities where there is no diminution in the
amount of vegetation water cannot be found but by digging to a great depth.
At Stockton Station, in a valley 20 miles east of Virginia City, between

vil
] BOTANY.

mountains nearly 3,000 feet high, the depth of the well is 290 feet, though
with 150 feet of water on 31st July, 1867. At Nevada Station, six miles
distant and 129 feet lower, the well was 110 feet deep with but fifteen inches
of water at the same date. In Unionville Valley at Olive Ranch on Coyote
Creek, six miles east of the summit of Star Peak, a well was sunk 104 feet
through gravel without finding water. In Humboldt Valley east of the
Eugene Mountains and in the border of a large sandy plain covered by an
unusually‘large growth of Artemisia a well was sunk to as great a depth but
without success. Not to multiply instances, it is at least frequently the case
that in the deposits which fill the valleys there are no strata of clay or rocks
to intercept and retain the water near the surface.

To test therefore in a measure the ability of the most prevalent forms
of foliage to resist the absorbent power of the air, some experiments were
made by Mr. King’s direction, with results as shown in the following table.
The specimen of Artemisia selected was young and vigorous, six years old,
the weight of the portion above ground being 24 ounces, or 776 grammes,
of which the woody portion weighed 384 grammes or nearly 50 per cent.
Of the remaining green stems and leaves, the leaves contributed 79 per cent.,
or nearly 40 per cent. of the whole. Of Tetradymia canescens branches only
were taken. One specimen gave 35 per cent. of wood, 8 per cent. of the
previous years growth, and 57 per cent. of new.shoots and leaves, and a
second specimen 53 per cent. of wood to 47 per cent. of young shoots. A
branch of a larger plant gave 150 grammes of young stems to 98 grammes of
wood, or over 60 per cent. Smaller branches of a more pubescent form gave
67 per cent., and in a second instance 60 per cent., of young twigs and leaves.
Different branches of Linosyris viscidiflora gave 66, 70, and 80 per cent. of
leaves and twigs, and a specimen of L. graveolens 55 per cent. Purshia triden-
tata in two trials gave 61 per cent., and Prunus demissa 55 and 68 per cent.
In all these cases the leaves and twigs were still green and fresh, though in
the fourth week of July. In September and October the weight of the
leaves and fruit of Obione confertifolia was 82 per cent. of that of the entire
branch.

It is hence evident that there is no deficiency in the extent of leaf sur-
face exposed to the action of the atmosphere, nor in any instance does there
seem to have been any unusual want of succulence, the moisture lost amount-
ing sometimes to nearly or quite 50 per cent. of the whole substance.
GENERAL REPORT. li

Plant Evaporation,

a. ARTEMISIA TRIDENTATA, ¥xly 21, 1868.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

| a g & Thermometer.
s g . | & a f
a Rial? | eae !
Portion of plant. Ag Whent ex: & 8 a@t|s oO E 3 Notes
2 d posed, FS 5 8 5/3 3 lus B .
"Sh ee: 3 Hour. A /o%8 ay
: a (2is |s p|s"| 3 |
= A jAl¢d 4 a |A 4
him Aim. SH | OR, | SF,
Young leaves..... 6.62 | 12.45 p. m. | 4 50] 55 |24 00] 5 Too p. m. | 81.6 | 21.3 | 156.0 |
Stems..... 2.21 | 12.45 p.m. | 4 50 | 44 |24 00} 12 |] 200 p.m, | 81.2 | 22.5] x50.2
Older leaves...... 20.24] 1.15 p.m. | 4 35 | 35 | 24 00] 18 3.00 p.m. | 79.5 | 22.5 | 140.0
Stems...... 5.44 1.15 p. mM. | 4 35 | 23 | 24 00] 15 400p.M, | 79.5 | 23.1] 162.0
Stems and leaves..|/ 50.84} 1.30 p.m. | 4 45 | 34 |24 00/ 16 |) 5 00 p.m, | 77.4 | 22.2 148.0
Flowering stems..|| 19.33 | 1.45 p. m. | 4 30 | 30 |24 00/ 15 || 6 oo p. m. | 73.3 | 19.7 |.....00-
2. TETRADYMIA CANESCENS. ¥uly 22, 1868.
Branch ........... 26.29] 9.15 a. Mm. | 3 45} 30] 5 45| 12 go0a. m. | 74.3 | 14.0] 154.8
Branch .........65 THB FAB Pio Ms, ||) 35 || Be fires vive +++-[| 10 00 a. m, | 80.1 | 20.8! 156.2 || Older plant.
Branch .......... 15.46 | 3.45 p.m. | 3 15 | 25 |..... «e+s/| 12 00 Mm. 83.7 | 26.9 | 155.0
Branch: .e..csciee ee 13.18 | 3.55 p.m. ] 3 5 | 17 |...68. sel] 4.00 p.m. | 80.9 | 25.5 | 155.0 |} More pubescent va-
riety.
Branchins incase us 16.19] 3.55 p.m.|]3 5/15 |...... sea dl 6°00 Py MO. (7563. | 199! [neceeees
3, 4. LINOSYRIS VISCIDIFLORA AND GRAVEOLENS. $y 23. 1868.*
Branch ........... 16.48 | 8.50 a.m, | 110] 9g |.s.... Le viscidiflora.
g-24}/ 8.55 a.m.]/1 5] g |..eee a
Branch ........... 30.19 | 10.00 a. M. | 1 15 | 26 |...... L. graveolens.
Leafy stems....... 19.23 | 10.45 a.m. }o.5] 3] 022] 4 In shade.
i inlcaie deine ha inte lociagaseae seve] 2 4B1 29 fev cccseccccecelecceeeleceeceleceeeeee|! In SUN,
5. Prunus DEMISSA. Same day.
Branch .........65 19.73 | 4.10p.m.|o17| 3]...... sidigal latoaiuecnasen sadalllonccsisie| asian samtioieien
Branch « ose vie 5.12 | 4.15 p.m. | 03r] g|...... crzats\| | avemteetals tars staccite deiaeats lars ataseualllatatoTausyaess
Leaves .......005- 34.77 | 4.20p.M.]024] 4|...... eset Ii siey erage ry saat cPaxsey eral nye eae ezaeeToe as
6. OBIONE CONFERTIFOLIA. Sept. 27 and Oct. 5, 1868.
Leaves ........04. 41.71 | 12.00 mM. 2 00 | 22 |.....5 ++ee|] 12 00 mM. 7807 | 2L62 |oaee overs | Sept. 27, sky clouded.
Stems..... g.22 | 12.00 m. 2 00 roo p.m. | 80.4 | 23.6 |........
Leaves and fruit...|| 70.22 | 9.30 a. m. | 5 00 9 304. Mm. | 67.7 | 11-7 |...-. eee oct
Stems..... 14.81 | 9.30 a. m. | 5 00 I jo Pp. M. ] 75.0! 15.5 |aeeeeeee rey

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

*The thermometrical record for this date is given in full in the table on page xxii.

It must be confessed that these experiments were conducted with too
little method and are too incomplete to be fully satisfactory. The amount
of loss as here shown is doubtless greater than it would have been from the
same leaves and stems when attached to the plant, yet making a probably
full allowance for this source of error it appears that the ordinary drain upon
the juices of these plants must be large. Comparing the recorded amounts
of water evaporated from an open vessel during the same hours with that
ii BOTANY.

for the whole 24 hours and making it the basis of a calculation of the daily
loss of the plant, the first mentioned specimen of Artemisia appears to have
exhaled 9 ounces of water daily, or an amount equal to three-eighths of
its weight. Even in the last trials later in the season, when leaves and stems
had probably their fullest dryness and hardness, with one of the most waxy
and scurfy of the Obiones, and moreover under atmospheric conditions more
favorable for the plant, the loss was at least half as great.

Notwithstanding therefore the apparent want of moisture in the soil, it
must be the reservoir from which vegetation draws its entire supply. The
loose character of the deposits which fill the valleys and form the foothills
not only allows a ready passage for the roots to any necessary depth but
especially, through the force of capillary attraction, compels the retention
or absorption from beneath of a sufficient amount of water for the tem-
porary extraordinary needs of these perennial species. And this natural
resource of the vegetation must be taken into account as greatly favoring the
possibility of the successful introduction of orchard, vineyard or other tree-
culture in these at present desert territories.

Conciusion. The present condition of the Botany of our western flora
is such as to render a satisfactory determination of the species of any col-
lection a matter of some difficulty. The descriptions of many of the genera
and species are scattered, without clue to guide in the search for them,
through numerous volumes of government reports and periodical publications
of this country and of Europe, not always readily accessible. The synonomy
is somewhat confused, and in thé case of various genera revisions are much
needed, with a collation of all the existing materials, a work which is going
on under the hands of Dr. Gray, Dr. EnceLmann and others.

In the examination of the present collection use has heen made almost
exclusively of the herbariums of Dr. Gray, Dr. Torrey and Prof. Eaton, which
are the richest in original and authenticated specimens of western species
and to which, with their accompanying libraries, free access was most gener-
ously given with every facility for study and comparison. So far as the
work has been performed by others the names carry their own sufficient
authority. As for the rest it can only be claimed that care and effort have
not been spared to secure correctness.

The trouble experienced in making available the authorities upon western
species gradually suggested the extension of the Catalogue beyond the usual
GENERAL REPORT, liti

limits of such papers, including in it descriptions generic and specific when-
ever they are not to be found in the popular manuals of the eastern floras.
The method pursued is that which seemed simplest and best adapted to
the end in view, and scarcely needs elucidation. To this have been added
in the Appendix concise synopses of most of the more recently revised genera,
thus bringing together a considerable amount of material that may be found
of use by those who have not ready access to the fuller original papers.
Among these synopses are revisions of a few genera, (Orthocarpus, Abronia
and Adhium,) which were prepared in connection with the present work.

The collection, comprising about 19,000 specimens available for study,
but not all ranking as herbarium specimens, is distributed into sets, of
which the most complete belongs to the Herbarium of the Agricultural
Department at Washington. The second is due to Prof. Eaton at Yale Col-
lege, and the remaining sets will be donated to such herbariums as may be
designated.

There now remains but the pleasant duty of grateful acknowledgment
of favors and assistance received during the course of the work. Especially
to Prof. Danret C. Earon is the fullest expression of thanks due for all the
facilities afforded by his well-appointed herbarium-room, placed at my com-
mand from the outset of the work, for the constant use of his library and the
procurement of needed books of reference, and for assistance of every kind
rendered in innumerable instances, always most kindly and generously. By
him also the Composite of the collection, comprising of one-seventh of the
whole, were carefully determined and the resulting paper forms one of the most
valuable portions of the Catalogue. Assistance in various portions of the
work has likewise been received from Dr. Gray and Dr. Torrey, in addition
to the free use of their herbariums whenever desired. Dr. Gzorce EncEt-
MANN, also, of St. Louis, has made ready response to every application for
information and aid, and the articles of Col. Otney on the Carices, of Mr.
James on the Mosses, of Dr. Ropsins on Potamogeton, and of Prof. TuckER-
MAN on the Lichens, all prompt and thorough in whatever they have under-
taken, show that the most that was possible has been made by them of the
material that was furnished.

SERENO WATSON.

Aveust 26, 1871.

viii
Missing Page
CATALOGUE

OF THE

KNOWN PLANTS OF NEVADA AND UTAH, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF
SUCH OF THE PHANOGAMOUS GENERA AND
SPECIES AS DO NOT OCCUR EAST OF
THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER.

THE CACTACE 22 so :s0ceagaeae x ae eaenea ies oc ceeete By Dr. GEORGE ENGELMANN,
THE COMPOSIT AD o65:0.05 o2 ee swiss cas eae seen eeews By ProF. DANIEL C. EATON.
THE POLEMONIACEH AND ERIOGONEA ...........2220.00000+ By Dr. ASA GRAY.
THE NATADACWAL ..2)<cc5 eoicade ce siesisae $4 sete ree See Se ReseS By Dr. J. W. ROBBINS.
THE CARICES....-- 02-020 2-0 eee eee eee eee eee By STEPHEN T, OLNEY, Esq.
SUSE EV TIST OBIS ace cis isjedet cad a ase ven andicoced avis cee eet im cus eeale ae ass By Pror. DANIEL OC. EATON.
OD SI Sh io chance iene en By Tuomas P. Jamus, Esq.

THE LIGHENEN 6 sa sence eeers oe ae eerie eel ee eee By PRoF. EDWARD TUCKERMAN.
CATALOGUE, &c.

RANUNCULACEZ.

Cuematis Doverasu, Hook. Stem herbaceous, erect, 1-2° high,
simple, 1-flowered; leaves 2—3-pinnatifid, (or the lower ones more simple,)
the segments linear or linear-lanceolate, both stem and leaves more or
less hairy ; flower nodding, the naked peduncle erect and elongated in fruit ;
sepals thick, woolly at the apex, more or less spreading, deep brownish-
purple, paler externally—The specimens resemble those from Oregon de-
scribed by Nuttall under the name of C. Wyethii, differing from the form
figured by Hooker and of the eastern Rocky Mountain collections only in the
broader divisions of the leaves. In the mountains from Washington
Territory to Colorado. Found in the Wahsatch and Uintas, Utah, at an
altitude of 6-7,000 feet ; July, in flower and fruit. (1.)?

CLEMATIS LIGUSTICIFOLIA, Nutt. Climbing, somewhat pubescent; flowers
white, dicecious, in paniculate corymbs; leaves pinnate and ternate, (mostly
5-foliolate,) the coriaceous leaflets usually oblong, lanceolate, more or less
laciniately toothed and trifid; petals and stamens equal. Var. BREVIFOLIA,
T.& G. With nearly smooth broadly ovate subcordate 3-lobed leaflets —On
the banks of mountain streams from Washington Territory to the Saskatche-
wan, and southward to Lower California and New Mexico. Frequent in the
lower cafions of the West Humboldt Mountains and found in a single locality
in the East Humboldt range, Nevada—the broad-leaved variety only; altitude,
5-6,000 feet; August-October. An approach to the typical form was also
found at City of Rocks, in Southeastern Idaho. (2.)

Criematis aupina, Mill. DC. Prodr.1.10. Leaves bi-ternately divided ;
segments ovate or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, frequently 3-lobed, irregularly

 

1A large portion of the described species up to the end of the Composite are to be found in Torrey
and Gray’s Flora of North America, and a general reference to that work for the synonymy, &c., is to be
understood. In case of other species not occurring in the Flora, express reference is usually made simply
to De Candolle’s Prodromus ; or to still later revisions, or for more recent species, to the publications in
which they are described.

2 Figures in parentheses, at the close of a paragraph, indicate the number under which the speci-
mens of the collection are distributed.
4 BOTANY.

toothed. Var. Ocnorensis, with linear antheriferous petals —A trailing
woody-stemmed plant, 6’ high, glabrous but for a few scattered silky hairs.
C. alpina and Sibirica, Mill., and Ochotensis, Poir., differ only in the degree of
development of the petals. Rocky Mountains of Colorado and New Mexico.
In Utah it was seen only in the Wahsatch Mountains, (Cottonwood Cafion,)
at an altitude of 8-9,000 feet; July, in flower and fruit. (8.)

CLEMATIS VERTICILLARIS, DC. On wooded mountain sides; a low
climber. From North Carolina to Maine, along the great lakes, northward
to latitude 54°, and west to the Rocky Mountains and Washington Territory ;
also found in Northern California. Not rare in the Wahsatch and Uinta
Mountains, Utah, at an altitude of 7-9,000 feet ; in flower and fruit, July to
August. The specimens accord with the description of C. Columbiana, 'T. &
G., having rather small, more narrowly sepaled flowers, but it scarcely de-
serves to rank as a distinct variety. (4.)

THALICTRUM ALPINUM, L. Stem simple, nearly naked ; leaves 2—3-ternate;
leaflets roundish, somewhat lobed, crenately toothed; flowers perfect, in a
simple raceme, nodding; filaments filiform; anthers oblong-linear; carpels
few, ovate, sessile; stigmas thick and pubescent.—Low, stems 2-8’ high,
much exceeding the mostly radical leaves ; slightly pubescent. Islands of the
Gulf of St. Lawrence; Greenland; Behring Strait; and Rocky Mountains
of Colorado. Found in the Clover Mountains, Nevada, on a damp grassy.
bank, at an altitude of 10,000 feet, with Vaccinium cespitosum, and Salix
reticulata ; in fruit, September. (5.)

THALICTRUM SPARSIFLORUM, T'urcz. (7. clavatum, Hook., not of DG
1-2° high; panicle loosely few-flowered, long pedicelled; flowers perfect;
filaments clavate; anthers elliptical, pointless; ovaries 8-10; carpels com-
pressed, dimidiate, not striate, short-stipitate, thrice longer than the persistent
style; upper leaves sessile, 2~3-ternate; leaflets often small—Collected by
Dr. Richardson in the Saskatchewan region, latitude 57°, and by Dr. Parry
and others in Colorado. Found in the Uinta Mountains, only in Provo
River Cafion, at an altitude of 7,000 feet; July. Identical with Siberian
specimens. (6.)

Tuaicrrum Fenpuert, Eng. Pl. Fendl., p. 5. Dicecious, glabrous;
leaves petioled or the uppermost sessile; filaments capillary ; anthers linear,
mucronate ; carpels ovate, compressed, oblique, sharp-edged, with 4—6 strong
lateral ribs, tapering into the long persistent style; sessile or shortly stipitate—
CATALOGUE. 5

Very near T. diotcum, from which it is most readily distinguished by the car-
pels; 2-3° high; somewhat variable in its foliage. From New Mexico to Cali-
fornia and northward to British America. Rare in the East Humboldt
Mountains ; more frequent in the Wahsatch, at an elevation of 6-9,000 feet ;
June-August. It is the T. Cornuti of Lyall’s Oregon collection, T. hetero-
phyllum, Nutt. MSS. in Herb. Gray, and probably 7. megacarpum, Torr., of
Frémont’s Report. (7.) A form was also collected with the leaflets nearly
orbicular, entire or 3-lobed. (8.)

Var. (?) With stamens mingled with the less compressed strongly ribbed
fruit, the styles deciduous, the raceme short and dense, and the leaves ex-
tremely large, 1’ or more in diameter; a very doubtful form. Wahsatch
Mountains, Provo Cafion; 6,000 feet altitude. (9.)

ANEMONE MULTIFIDA, DC. Most of the specimens have buta single head ;
flowers light-purple. It is the same as the South American plant, but seems
clearly distinct from A. decapetala, with which it is united by Dr. Hooker. Itis
the A. lanigera, Gay, of Chili. From Vermont and Canada to Oregon and
Arctic America. Found on the East Humboldt and Clover Mountains of
Nevada, and more frequently in the Uinta Mountains, Utah, on dry rocky
ridges, at an elevation of 9-12,000 feet; July-September. (10.)

ANEMONE DECAPETALA, L. (A. Caroliniana, Walt.) Two imperfect
fruiting specimens (one with four heads) of what appears to be this species
were found on Stansbury’s Island in Salt Lake, Utah; altitude 4,500 feet; June.
From the Carolinas to Missouri, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona. (11.)

Myosurvus mimimus, L. From Georgia and Illinois westward to the
Pacific. Found only in a meadow near the mouth of Jordan River, Salt Lake
Valley, with the next. (12.)

Myosurus aristatus, Benth. Lond. Jour. Bot. 6.458. Spikes oblong or
linear, with few to very many achenia, which are beaked with a divergent per-
sistent style nearly equaling the achenium.—Ordinary starved specimens have
short few-carpeled heads, but under favoring circumstances it sends up numer-
ous sub-decumbent scapes, with linear many-fruited heads, as in M. minimus.
Found growing in the shade of sage-brush in the valley of Carson River,
Nevada, and of Salt Lake; 4,500 feet altitude; collected also by Ives in
Western Arizona. April-June. A Chilian species. (13.)

Ranuncutus aquatiuis, L., Var. TRICHOPHYLLUS, Chaix. The most com-
mon form of the species; from the Eastern States and the Alleghany region
6 BOTANY.

north to the Arctic Sea and Greenland, and west to California. Found in
Truckee and Ruby Valleys, Nevada, and in Parley’s Park, Utah; altitude,
4,300-6,000 feet; May-September. Var. brachypus, T. & G., from California,
is a short-peduncled form of this. (14.)

Var. stacnaTiuis, DC. (R. divaricatus, of Gray’s Manual.) Frequent
forms occur connecting this variety with the last. It can hardly be R.
divaricatus, Schrank, as European and Asiatic specimens of that species show
a well-defined lamina to the segments of the leaves, while in American speci-
mens they are always filiform. The fruit of the two varieties varies in the
degree of hispidness and acuteness of the achenia, and affords no reliable
distinctions. Northern States and British America. Collected in Secret Val-
ley, Nevada, and near Salt Lake City, Utah; 4,300-6,000 feet altitude; May-
September. (15.)

Ranuncutus Anpersonu, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad. 7. 327. Leaves
radical, palmately 2-ternate, segments laciniately cleft, petiolulate; scape
1-flowered ; calyx glabrous, persistent; achenia 4-5” long, thin and vesicular,
obovate, compressed, with a narrow ventral wing and slightly margined dor-
sally, glabrous, mucronate with a very small subulate recurved style; seed
cylindrical, (1-14” long,) narrowly winged along the entire ventral margin,
attached above the base of the achentum.—Plant 3-6’ high, with a coarsely
fibrous, almost fascicled root, either wholly glabrous or the dilated petioles
and lobes of the leaves sparingly ciliate with whitish deciduous hairs;
scape’ exceeding the somewhat fleshy leaves; flower 1’ in diameter, with
occasionally a lobed bract near the base; petals suborbicular, with a nar-
row claw and small nectariferous scale, deep-pink, the nearly equal sepals
margined with the same color; wing of the seed extending beyond the
rhaphe both above and below. The somewhat petaloid sepals and the
withered petals are persistent at the base of the dense globular heads (9”
in diameter) of maturing fruit. In several respects this is a remarkable species
in the genus Ranunculus. ‘The fruit of this species, now first collected,
is strikingly different from that of R. glacialis and Chamissonis, yet of the
same type, showing that the affinity of the species had been rightly esti-
mated. ‘The akenes are several times larger, thinner, and more bladdery,
tipped with a proportionally very short style, the dorsal edge more or less
margined toward the base, but without the wing which is so conspicuous in
R. glacialis. The long and terete seed, very small in proportion to the cavity,
 

1-7 RANUNCULUS ANDERSONIL 8-10. Varn TENELLUS.
CATALOGUE. 7

is inserted above the base, often very considerably so.” (Gray, MSS.) From
the east foot of the Sierras to Salt Lake, on the foot hills, and occasionally in
the cafions, at an altitude of 5-9,000 feet. May—July. Puate I. Fig. 1.
A plant in flower; natural size. Fig. 2 and 3. Sepal and petal; enlarged
two diameters. Fig. 4. Matured head, showing the receptacle, the per-
sistent calyx and marcescent corolla, and a portion of the achenia; natural
size. Fig. 5. Achenium, twice the natural size, with one side removed, show-
ing the seed in position and the ventral wing. Fig. 6 and 7. The winged
seed with its rhaphe, and the embryo; enlarged four diameters. (16.)

Var. TENELLUS. More delicate and slender; stems 1° high, with some-
times a leaflet above the middle similar to the radical leaves; petals and
achenia rather smaller, and the latter less numerous and crowded. Pilot
Rock Point, Salt Lake, Utah. Prate I. Fig. 8. Plant; natural size. Fig.
9 and 10. Petal and sepal; enlarged two diameters. (17.)

RANUNCULUS ALISMHFOLIUs, Geyer., Var. Montanus. Low (6’ high,)
alpine; stems ascending; leaves entire; carpels rather shorter-beaked than
usual in the species.—It is 79 Parry and 15 Vasey, from Colorado, and 1684
Brewer, from Lake Tenago, in the Sierra Nevada. The species is dis-
tinguished from R. Flammula not only by the longer-beaked achenia, but also
by the more prominent scale and deeper nectary of the larger petal.
Shore of Marian Lake in the East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and at the
head of Provo River in the Uintas; 9,000 feet altitude; June-August (18.)

Ranuncutus Fuamuuta, L., Var. REprans, Gray. New England to Cal-
ifornia and northward to the Arctic Ocean. Found only on the upper Bear
River in the Uinta Mountains, Utah; 8,000 feet altitude; August. (19.)

Ranunoutus Cympauaria, Pursh. The most abundant of the species
occurring in Nevada and Utah, preferring subsaline or alkaline soils; 4-6,000
feet altitude; May—September. From New Jersey and the Great Lakes to
California, and northward to the Arctic Circle. (20.)

Ranuncuuws AFrinis, Br. Radical leaves petioled, usually pedately mul-
tifid ; cauline ones subsessile, digitate, with broadly linear lobes; stem erect,
few-flowered ; carpels with recurved beaks, in oblong-cylindrical heads ; more
or less pubescent throughout.—Referred by Dr. Hooker to &. auricomus, from
which it differs only in its oblong heads. Var. Lerocarrus, Trauty., with the
lower leaves less divided, slightly lobed or only deeply crenate; 1-14° high;
flowers rather small and carpels somewhat pubescent Growing in the Uinta
8 BOTANY.

and Wahsatch Mountains, at an altitude of 6-9,000 feet; July, August. It
is 15 Hall & Harbour, 13 Vasey, and 80 Parry in part, from Colorado; pre-
viously reported only from the Arctic coast. (21.)

RaNuNCULUS GLABERRIMUS, Hook. Glabrous; leaves petioled, entire or
3-toothed, or the cauline ones 8-cleft, oblong or lanceolate, obtuse ; heads
globose.—Root fibrous-fascicled; stem 2-4’ high, 1-3-flowered; corolla an
inch in diameter; petals broadly obovate, twice the length of the calyx, the
nectary a broad tube 1” in depth—in this respect resembling A. Lingua.
In the Rocky Mountains of Oregon, Washington Territory, and Idaho.
Washoe Mountains, near Carson City, Nevada, where it was also found by
Dr. Anderson; 5—6,000 feet altitude; April, May. (22.)

RanuncuLus sceLeratus, L. Atlantic States and Canada to the Arctic
Circle; collected by Bourgeau and Geyer, in the Rocky Mountains, and also
by Nuttall and Frémont on the head-waters of the North Platte. Found in
Ruby Valley, Nevada, and in Salt Lake Valley, Utah; altitude 5—-6,000 feet ;
May-October. (23.) :

RanuncuLus MULTIFIDUS, Pursh., Var. 6 REPENS, Hook. Creeping, with
the leaves all round-reniform, palmately 3—-5-cleft—Arctic America; also
Rocky Mountains of Colorado. Weber Valley, Utah; altitude 5,500 feet;
August. R. limosus, Nutt., from the head-waters of the Snake River, has
still more divided leaves and is Var. 7, Hook. (24.)

Ranuncutus piciratus, Hook. Kew. Jour. Bot. 3. 124, t. 4. Dwarf;
very glabrous; root grumous; leaves few, petioled, digitately or somewhat
pedately lobed, the 3-5-segments narrowly lanceolate, or oblong-spatulate,
obtuse ; flowers 2-3, terminal, with reflexed sepals and 7-11 oblong cuneate
petals; fruit subglobose, the carpels beaked with the subulate recurved
style—Stem 2-3' high, simple; flowers 9’ in diameter. Collected previ-
ously only by Burke, near Fort Hall, in Southeastern Idaho; now found on
Mt. Tobin Range, above Cumberland, Nevada, and by Prof. D. C. Eaton,
in the Wahsatch, near Cottonwood Lake; altitude 9,000 feet; June. (25.)

RanuncuLus Nivauis, Br. Radical leaves dilated, lobed ; lobes somewhat
ovate; cauline leaves palmate; stem about 1-flowered; calyx very hirsute,
shorter than the petals; style equaling the glabrous ovaries; heads subglobose.
Var. Escuscnoitzu. (Rt. Eschscholtzii, Schlecht.) Radical leaves 3-lobed,
lateral lobes somewhat divided, sparsely ciliate; calyx less hirsute, with
whitish hairs; styles shorter than the achenia.—The stems are described as
CATALOGUE. 9

erect, but are more usually ascending or decumbent; flowers larger than in I.
affinis, small forms of which it approaches, but from which it is easily distin-
guished. Rocky Mountains of Colorado and British America to Alaska. It is
80 Parry, 14 Hall & Harbour, and 17 Vasey. Found on the East Hum-
boldt and Clover Mountains, Nevada, and on the Uintas, at an elevation of
9-10,000 feet ; July-September. (26.)

Ranuncuus REPENS, L. From Canada and the Atlantic States to the
Pacific. Found in the valleys of Northeastern Nevada, and the cafions of the
Wahsatch Mountains; altitude, 6,000 feet; usually with small flowers and
growing in much wetter localities than the next. (27.)

RaNuNCULUS MACRANTHUS, Scheele. Linnea, 21.585. Root fascicled ;
stem erect, more or less hirsute with spreading hairs; branches short, erect,
few-flowered; leaves ternately, or, more frequently, bi-ternately divided ;
segments usually petiolulate, laciniately lobed and toothed; flowers large,
with the sepals strictly reflexed; carpels (12’ long) crowded in subglobose
heads, about equaling the broad subulate beaks.—This is R. repens, Var.
macranthus, Gray, but it seems sufficiently well marked to retain its place as
a distinct species by its stout erect habit, uniformly large flowers with re-
flexed sepals, and especially by the long diverging beaks of the carpels.
Texas, California, (4,729 Bolander,) and Oregon, (Lyall.) Streambanks
in the Wahsatch and Uintas; 5-8,000 feet altitude; June, July. (28.)

RANUNCULUS FASCICULARIS, Muhl. The leaves are less divided than
usual; radical ones ternate, leaflets 3-lobed, lobes mostly entire; cauline
ones with the leaflets linear-lanceolate and nearly entire; flower small.
Canada to Pennsylvania and Wisconsin; collected by Lyall in Washington
Territory, and California by Mrs. A. J. Davis, and Professor Brewer (4,631.)
Foot of the Washoe Mountains, near Carson City, Nevada; May. (29.)

RanuncuLus orTHORHYNCHUS, Hook. Erect, slender, sparsely hirsute
with appressed hairs; radical leaves petioled, upper ones sessile, 3-foliolate,
leaflets linearly many-cleft, with white callous points; sepals reflexed, half
the length of the petals; carpels glabrous, compressed, strongly margined,
shorter than the nearly straight style. Var. aLpinus; low, nearly or quite
glabrous, stems ascending.—The large form occurs in low lands in Washing-
ton Territory; the variety, in the Wahsatch Mountains, at an altitude of
10,000 feet; July. It is perhaps R. amenus, Gray, of the Colorado collec-

tions, which has been found only with immature fruit. (30.)
2
10 BOTANY.

CarHa LEPTOSEPALA, DO. Stems (3/-1° high) erect, 1-flowered ; leaves
radical, ovate-cordate, obscurely crenate; carpels beaked with the short
recurved style; sepals white, or tinged with blue-—Subalpine swamps,
Colorado to California and Washington Territory. Found in the East Hum-
boldt and Clover Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch, Utah; 9-10, 000
feet altitude ; July-September. (31.)

TROLLIUS LAXUS, Salisb. Sepals dull greenish-white or yellowish. New

Hampshire to Delaware and Michigan, and on the eastern slope of the Rocky .

Mountains, from Colorado to latitude 55°. Uinta Mountains, Utah; 9,000
feet altitude; July, August. (82.)

Aquiuecia Canavensis, L., Var. rormosa, Torr. Tall, 2-8° high,
nearly naked above, the limb of the petals 1-2” long, the spurs never greatly
exceeding the reflexed sepals; styles shorter than the stamens.—The parts
of the flower of this prevalent and perhaps distinct western Aquilegia are so
variable that A. truncata, Fisch. & Mey., (A. Californica, Lindl. and A.
eximia, Van Houtte,) can with difficulty be separated from it. California to
Alaska; not unfrequent on mountain streams in Nevada, at an elevation of
6-7,000 feet, but not seen in Utah. J une-September. (33.)

A subalpine form has the stem nearly simple, few-flowered; uppermost
leaflets entire, oblong or oval; sepals oval, equaling or exceeding the spurs.
East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 8-9,000 feet; July, August. (34.)

AQUILUGIA FLAVESCENS. Spurs more or less incurved and tipped, shorter
than the spreading or reflexed oval or oblong-ovate sepals; limb large (3—-4”
long) and dilated; styles nearly equaling the long exserted stamens.—2-3°
high; glabrous, with the carpels and peduncles pubescent; flowers yellow,
the sepals (4-1’ long) frequently tinged with scarlet. Wahsatch and Uinta
Mountains, Utah; 5-7,000 feet altitude; May-July. It has been collected
also by Lyall on the the Oregon boundary, and by Bourgeau in the Rocky Moun-
tains, and referred provisionally to A. Canadensis. A comparison of a large
number of specimens leaves no doubt that it is distinct. (35.) A more alpine
form has much smaller leaves and flowers, with the stem sometimes subpu-
bescent. (36.)

AQUILEGIA CHRULEA, James. Spurs straight, very slender, 2’ long;
sepals rhomboid-ovate, longer than the limb; stamens and styles shorter than
the corolla—Stem 2° high; glabrous, few-flowered; flowers 3’ in diameter,
white in all the specimens of the collection or with the sepals very lightly tinged
CATALOGUE. 11

with blue. Colorado to the Sierra Nevadas. Wahsatch and Uinta Mountains,
Utah, on shaded mountain slopes, 7-9,500 feet altitude ; June-August. (37.)
Deupninium Evatum, L., Var. (?) occrpenraty. Tall, (5° high,) gla-
. rous, or densely pubescent above; leaves deeply 3—5-cleft, the divisions broadly
cuneate, somewhat 3-lobed and sparingly gash-toothed, the teeth narrowing
abruptly to a callous point; racemes many-flowered, (often densely so,)
simple or panicled; flowers pubescent, frequently white; spur longer than
the sepals.; lower petals broad, slightly notched; often erosely dentate, more
or less densely bearded, the claw spurred at base—It is difficult to determine
satisfactorily the relations of this plant. It is the D. exaltatum of Bourgeau’s
collection; also the D. elatum, Var., of Parry, and Hall & Harbour, from
Colorado, though with longer and usually much more glabrous racemes of
smaller flowers. It differs from the smaller D. scopulorum in its much less
laciniately dissected leaves, and in the lower petals being broader and less
deeply lobed, while it seems to be as much unlike European specimens of
D. elatum, in which also the claw of the lower petal is less conspicuously
spurred. 1940 of Brewer's California collection, considered a good D. scopu-
lorum, has the size and nearly the same foliage, but with all the petals nar-
row and bifid. On stream-banks in the East Humboldt and Clover Mount-
ains of Nevada, and in the Wahsatch, 7—8,000 feet altitude; July-Septem-
ber. (88.)

DeteHinium Menzies, DC. ‘ Pubescent; leaves 5-parted, divisions
2-3-cleft; lobes mostly linear, entire ; lower bracts 3-cleft; raceme 3—6-flow-
ered; spur straight, as long as the sepals; ovaries somewhat tomentose ; root
grumous.”—The limits of this species (wherever they may be) scarcely ac-
cord with this description. It is the prevalent species on the foothills of
Nevada, and a suite of numerous specimens shows a usually scanty pubes-
cence; stem rather stout, 1-2° high; the leaves orbicular in outline,
5-7-parted, divisions more or less deeply 2-3-cleft; bracts mostly entire ;
racemes simple, loosely few-to many-flowered; spur usually curved, longer
than the sepals, ascending; capules glabrous. It differs but little from D.
tricorne of the East, and approaches some of the other reputed species of Cali-
fornia. From Southern California to Behring Strait; Colorado. Abundant
throughout Western Nevada; 4~5,000 feet altitude; May-July. (39.) It
is occasionally seen with pink flowers, (40,) and very rarely with the

- flowers double. (41.)
12 BOTANY.

Var. Uranenss. Segments of the leaves usually more deeply cleft, lobes
linear and acute; the upper petals delicately veined with blue, which occurs
+n none of the Nevada specimens. On Antelope Island, Salt Lake, and in
the Wahsatch Mountains; altitude 4,500-9,000 feet; May-July. It was
also collected by Tolmie in Southern Idaho, and by Stansbury near Salt
Lake. (42.)

DELPHINIUM DEPAUPERATUM, Nutt. Leaves and lower part of the stem
glabrous, upper part and the carpels densely villous; leaves reniform, 3-5-
parted, the lobes entire or 2-3-cleft, oblong and rather broad ; bracts simple,
minute; raceme 1—5-flowered ; spur subulate, straight, longer than the oblong
obtuse sepals ; root grumous.—This seems to be a well-marked species ; more
slender and delicate than D. Menziesii, and more often alpine. It has not been
reported since collected by Nuttall in the Blue Mountains of Oregon. Found
near streams on the Mt. Tobin range and on the East Humboldt Mount-
ains, Nevada; 5—10,000 feet altitude; June-August. (43.)

Aconitum nasutum, Fisch. Petals erect, with a strongly arcuate spur;
galea broadly conical, prone, beak projecting; raceme somewhat panicled ;
divisions of the leaves rather broad, coarsely laciniate-toothed—Stem stout,
3-6° high, pubescent, at least above ; flowers purple or white. Colorado to
California, and northward. Found in moist shaded cafions, Eastern Nevada
and Utah; 78,000 feet altitude; July-September. (44.)

Actma spicata, L., Var. arcuta, Torr. (A. arguta, Nutt.) A larger
plant than var. rubra, with larger and more serrated leaflets and oblong
petals; scarcely differing otherwise. Most of the Utah specimens are nearly
var. rubra. Fruit red or white. From the Columbia River to the Sacra-
mento. East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch, Utah ;
6-7,000 feet altitude; May—August. (45.)

Pconra' Brownu, Dougl. Glabrous and glaucous; stems decumbent,
6-12’ long; leaves 1-2-ternate, leaflets ternately divided or pinnatifid ; petals
deep brownish-purple, 6—9’’ in diameter; carpels 3-5, inverted in fruit—
From Southern California to the Columbia. Found in the Carson Valley, and

in the East and West Humboldt ranges, Nevada; 4,500-8,000 feet altitude ;
April-June. (46.)

 

1PCEONIA, L. Sepals 5, imbricated, herbaceous, persistent. Petals 5-10, broad and conspicuous,
without nectary. Carpels 2-5, many-ovuled, surrounded by a fleshy disk, coriaceous and folliculate-

dehiscent at maturity. Seeds large, with fleshy albumen.—Perennial herbs, with alternate pinnately
dissected or decompound leaves. BENTH. & Hook.
CATALOGUE. 13

BERBERIDEZ.

Berseris Aquirotium, Pursh. Leaflets 1-6 pairs, not approximated to
the base of the petiole, coriaceous, 1-nerved, ovate-lanceolate or elliptic-
oblong, oblique and slightly cordate at base, repand with numerous spinulose-
cuspidate teeth ; racemes nearly erect, clustered; berries purple—The form
originally described by Pursh, and occurring in New Mexico, Colorado, and
westward, (the B. repens of Lindley,) is low, rarely exceeding six inches in
height, with about two pairs of leaflets. The larger shrub of Oregon, where
it is commonly known as the “Oregon grape,” is 2-6° high, with more numer-
ous leaflets. The nearly allied B. pinnata, Lag., seems confined to California
south of the Sacramento, Arizona, and New Mexico. Diamond and East
Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch, Utah; 4,500-9,000
feet altitude; May—July. (47.)

NYMPHAACE.

Noupnar apvena, Ait. Georgia to Western Texas and California, north-
ward to latitude 56°. Met with only in alpine lakes of the Uinta Mountains:
10,000 feet altitude ; August; in no way differing from ordinary eastern spe-
cimens. (48.)

PAPAVERACE.

Arcemone Mexicana, L., Var. nisprpa, Torr. Leaves sinuately pinnat-
ifid ; stem and leaves armed with rigid reflexed prickles; pod also very spiny.—
Stout, 2-3° high; flowers large, 2-4’ in diameter, white. This is 4. hispida,
Gray, and A. munita, Dur. & Hilg., and has been also considered the
same as the Mexican var. albiflorum, Horn. From Arkansas and Kansas to
Sonora and Nevada. Growing on dry foot-hills in Nevada, and in Salt Lake
Valley, Utah; 4,500-6,000 feet altitude; June, July. (49.)

Escuscuoutzia* Cauirornica, Cham. Stem branching, leafy; torus
tubular or funnel-form, more or less dilated——1—2° high; variable in the size
and color of the flowers, and in the extent of the torus-limb. California and
Oregon. Rather rare in Western Nevada, and found only in fruit; collected
also by Mr. Stretch near Washoe City. (50.)

1ESCHSCHOLTZIA, Cuam. Sepals coherent, deciduous, calyptralike. Petals 4, similar, inserted
with the numerous stamens upon the throat of the more or less dilated torus. Ovary with 2 nerviform pla-
cents ; style short ; stigma divided into 4-6 linear divergent lobes. Capsule linear, 10-sulcate, dehiscent
to the base ; the rigid recurved valves placentiferous on the margin. Seeds not crested.—Annual glabrous
and glaucous herbs, with linear-dissected leaves and yellow long-peduncled flowers. BENTH & Hoox,

 
14 BOTANY.

Var. HYPECOIDES, Gray. Stems low and slender, 2-10' high, flowers very
small, 2-3” in length. California and Western Arizona. Found on the dry
foot-hills of the Virginia and Trinity Mountains, Western Nevada; 4,500 feet
altitude; May. (51.)

Corvpatis auREA, Willd. Var. occmentatis, Eng. Numerous speci-
mens show the spur rather longer than usual in eastern plants, but the seeds are
scarcely more acutely margined. The pods are either erect or reflexed, straight
or curved, stout or slender, smooth or puberulent upon the sutures. Mis-
souri to Texas, and westward. Found in the Wahsatch Mountains and on
the rocky ridges bordering upon Salt Lake ; 4,300-6,000 feet altitude;
May-July. (52.

Var. micrantHa, Eng. Flowers small, nearly spurless, on short pedicels.
Hitherto reported only from Western Illinois and Missouri. Bear River
Cafion, in the Uinta Mountains, Utah; 9,000 feet altitude; August. (53.)

CRUCIFER.

Parrya! macrocarpa, Br. Glandular-pubescent; scape naked, 6’ high ;
leaves oblong-lanceolate, long-petioled, sinuately or incisely dentate ; petals
purple, broadly ovate, retuse; siliques broadly linear, (14-2’ long and 3” wide,)
erect, somewhat constricted between the seeds; seeds in a single row, with
broad membranous wings.—Agreeing with the figure and description (in
Hooker's Flora Bor.-Amer.) of the Arctic plant, which has been hitherto found
only on the Arctic coast, from the mouth of the Mackenzie to Behring Strait.
Near the summit of one of the highest peaks of the Uintas, above Bear River
Cafion, at an altitude of 12,000 feet. In flower and fruit; August. (54.)

Cuerrantuus? Menzies, Benth. & Hook. (Hesperis, Hook. Phenicau-
lis cheiranthoides, Nutt.) Rootstock thick and woody; scapes (6-12' high)
nearly glabrous, with several sessile clasping leaves ; leaves oblong-lanceolate,
entire, attenuate at base into a long petiole, densely stellate-tomentose ; flowers
in asimple raceme, purple ; sepals colored, short, obtuse, much shorter than the
petals ; siliques (1-2' long and 2” broad) spreading, flat, ensiform, acute, the
valves opening elastically from the obtuse base——Collected by Nuttall on the

1PARRYA, R. Brown. Sepals erect. Petals spatulate, unguiculate. Anthers linear. Silique
compressed with flat 1-nerved, often veined valves, and a hyaline septum; style rather short; lobes of the
stigma connate. Seeds flat, orbicular, in 1-2 rows, broadly winged or marginless; cotyledons accum-
bent.—Low herbs, with thick perennial roots and numerous naked or leafy scapes and racemed flowers.
Bentu. & Hoox.

*CHEIRANTHUS, L. Characters as in Erysimwm, but with the seeds usually compressed, and
the cotyledons accumbent, or very rarely incumbent. BENTH. & Hook.
CATALOGUE. 15

Columbia, and by Menzies and Brewer in California. Frequent on the
mountain ranges of Western Nevada, at an elevation of 6-7,000 feet;
April-June. (55.)

_ Nasturtium orricinate, Br. “In ditches and streams near Salt Lake
City ; doubtless introduced. (56.)

Nasturtium stnuatum, Nutt. River banks, Missouri to Arkansas, North-
ern New Mexico and Arizona, and in Oregon. West Humboldt Mountains and
Holmes’ Creek Valley, Nevada; 5-6,000 feet altitude; September. (57.)

NastTurRTIUM LyRATUM, Nutt. Erect, diffusely branched, glabrous, 6-10’
high; leaves lyrate-pinnatifid or lyrate, the segments oblong-lanceolate or ob-
long, incisely serrate, angularly toothed or entire; racemes panicled, with small
flowers ; siliques linear, compressed, more than twice longer than the pedicel,
somewhat spreading, abrupt at the apex; style very short—The pods in
these specimens are nearly terete, 3-6” long, on short (1-2’) pedicels. It is
occasionally nearly prostrate, and seems to approach the following species.
Truckee and Goose Creek Valleys, Nevada; 4,200-5,000 feet altitude ;
July-September. Found by Nuttall on the banks of the Columbia. (58.)

Nasturtium optusum, Nutt. Nearly the ordinary form, with oval or
ovate-lanceolate pods, 2-3’ in length. The leaves are variable in the lobing
and serratures, the lateral leaflets in some specimens being nearly obsolete ;
racemes much elongated in fruit. Banks of the Mississippi and westward,
New Mexico, Colorado, and California; Smoky Valley and in the East
Humboldt, Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch, Utah; 6-7,000 feet
altitude; June-August. (59.)

Var. (?) atpiInum. Dwarf; leaves oblong, entire or with a few teeth, or
coarsely lyrate-pinnatifid; lobes oblong; pods mostly shorter than the pedi-
cels. Uinta Mountains, Utah, at head of Bear River Cafion; 10-11,000
feet; August. (60.)

NasTURTUM PALUSTRE, DC. Glabrous; pods oblong, 4-6” long; the
rarer typical form. Truckee Valley, Nevada; July. (61.)

Var. HIspiIpuM, Gray. The more frequent form. The species extends
from Arctic America to Northern Mexico, Louisiana, and North Carolina.
Found in the Goose Creek and Jordan Valleys, and in the Wahsatch Mount-
ains, Utah; 4,500-6,000 feet altitude; May-September. (62.)

Var. With the oval pods of the last, but truncate and the style extremely
16 . BOTANY.

short; glabrous throughout; tall, 3° high; leaves lanceolate, acuminate.
Humboldt Slough, Nevada. (63.) .

Var. Erect, 6-18’ high, glabrous; leaves lyrate, the lateral segments
for the most part obsolete, the terminal lobe ovate-oblong, obtuse, sinuately
and obtusely dentate, or entire ; pods oblong, (3” long,) equaling or exceeding
the pedicels. Wahsatch Mountains, Utah; 6-8,000 feet altitude. No. 482
of Geyer’s collection is the same; nearly intermediate between palustre and
obtusum. (64.)

BARBAREA VULGARIS, Br. Indigenous from Lake Superior north and west-
ward, and on the Pacific Coast from Sitka to the Sacramento; collected by
Bigelow in New Mexico. Not uncommon in the mountain cafions of Nevada
and Utah; 6-8,000 feet altitude; June-August. (65.)

Var. cracitis, DC. This is merely a reduced sub-alpine form. East
Humboldt and Clover Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch; 9,000 feet
altitude; June-September. (66.)

AraBis HIRSUTA, Scop. A low ordinary form; 1° in height; radical leaves
always rosulate; stems slender, with a few distant oblong or ovate leaves,
few to many-flowered; pedicels more or less spreading. Wahsatch and
Uinta Mountains, Utah; 6—7,000 feet altitude. (67.) Also another com-
mon form, much stouter and taller; strictly radical leaves often wanting,
while the cauline ones are numerous and more or less appressed, approaching
A. perfoliata in habit, from which only flowering specimens cannot always
readily be distinguished. The species is found from Virginia north to the
Arctic Circle, and west to the Pacific. It was collected by Fendler in New
Mexico. On banks of mountain streams, Nevada and Utah, at an elevation
of 5-6,500 feet; June—October. (68.)

ARABIS PLATYSPERMA, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad. 6. 519. Low, (4-1°
high,) from a woody base ; leaves, with the stem, hoary with a stellate pubes-
cence, spatulate, entire, the uppermost oblong, sessile, obtuse; raceme few-
flowered ; flowers pink; pods erect, straight, broadly linear, (1-24’ long, 23"
broad,) acuminate, flattened; valves loosely reticulated ; stigma sessile; seeds
broadly winged.—In the Sierra Nevada, (Brewer,) at an elevation of 13,000
feet. Found in the East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, at 8,000 feet altitude ;
September. . (69.)

ARABIS CANESCENS, Nutt. (?) (A. puberula, Nutt.) Perennial, ceespitose,
more or less hoary-pubescent, with stellate hairs; leaves entire, spatulate-
PLATE il

 

ARABIS LONGIROSTRIS.
CATALOGUE. 17

linear, crowded at the base; those of the stem scattered, sessile ; silique linear,
flat, nearly straight, pendulous, acute; stigma sessile; seed broadly winged.
—The specimens differ from Nuttall’s in the erect or spreading, not pen-
dulous siliques, in the more narrowly margined and less flattened seeds, and
in the rather broader leaves; but it seems best to refer them here, as the
following variety with both ascending and pendulous pods, a widely winged
seed, and much broader leaves, would indicate that the differences were
within specific limits. The stems are less than 6’ high, numerous from a
many-branched woody base; flowers few, pale purple; pod 14’ long, about
1” broad. East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 8-10,000 feet; July, Au-
gust. (70.) °

Var. LaTiroLia. As described under the last. Clover Mountains, Nevada,
and Uinta Mountains, Utah; 12,000 feet altitude. The Uinta specimen,
but for the seeds in the young pod being strictly in one row, would be placed
with the alpine A. Drummondii from the same locality. (71.)

ARABIS LONGIROSTRIS. Annual, glabrous, glaucous, diffusely branched;
radical leaves ovate-spatulate, cauline ones linear-lanceolate, narrowing to
the base, entire or sparingly toothed; calyx of the small loosely racemed
reflexed flowers a little shorter than the corolla; siliques linear, short-
pedicelled, reflexed, beaked with the. long narrow’'style; seeds in one series,
rather narrowly margined.——Stem 1-14° high, much branched; branches
virgate and somewhat naked; flowers 14” long, light pink, calyx purplish ;
pods 14-2’ long, less than a line broad, the narrow beak }’ long. Growing
in alkaline soil at the Steamboat Springs near Washoe City, about Humboldt
Lake, Nevada, and on Stansbury Island, in Salt Lake; 4,500 feet altitude ;
May, June. Puatel. Fig. 1. <A plant of the natural size, but under the
average of the species. Fig. 2. A flower; enlarged four diameters. Fig. 3.
A pod; natural size. Fig. 4. A seed, showing the embryo; enlarged four
diameters. (72.)

ARABIS PERFOLIATA, Lam. (Turritis glabra, L. T. macrocarpa, Nutt.)
From the Northern States to the Arctic Circle, and west to the Pacific and
Northern California; also collected by Fendler in New Mexico. Found in
the West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch; 5—6,000 feet
altitude; May, June. (73.)

Arasis Drummonpu, Gray. A very variable species; stem either strict

or slender and flexuous; glabrous, with a slight ciliation upon the petiole of the
3
18 . BOTANY.

radical leaves, or quite densely covered with a stellate pubescence ; the seeds
are either oblong, closely arranged in two strictly parallel rows, or loosely
and irregularly scattered and nearly orbicular; pods erect and straight, or
spreading and arcuate; biennial, or apparently sometimes perennial. From
the St. Lawrence and the great lakes to the Rocky Mountains, Oregon and
Qalifornia. In the West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wah-
satch ; 6—7,000 feet altitude; June. (74.)

Var. abpiva. A reduced subalpine and alpine form, with a few crowded
purple or white flowers; glabrous or stellately pubescent. Hast Humboldt
and Clover Mountains, Nevada, and in the Uintas; 8-10,000 feet altitude;
July-September. Also collected by Lyall on the northwestern boundary,
and by Brewer in California. (75.)

Arabis RETROFRACTA, Grah. (Turritis, Hook., and T. patula, Grah. ;
Streptanthus angustifolius and virgatus, Nutt.) Erect, more or less canescently
pubescent; leaves lanceolate, radical ones petioled, toothed or nearly entire,
the cauline sagittate and partly clasping ; flowers spreading or reflexed, light
rose-color or nearly white ; siliques linear, elongated, straight, or nearly so,
more or less reflexed; seeds in two rows, margined—A comparison of nu-
merous specimens can leave no doubt of the propriety of uniting A. patula
with A. retrofracta. Both are referred by Dr. Hooker to A. mollis. The
flowers are uniformly light-colored and the pubescence stellate, though the
lower stems are occasionally hirsute. A single specimen has even the siliques
pubescent. The leaves vary from all entire to all coarsely dentate, sagittate-
amplexicaul or simply clasping, broad-lanceolate or almost linear; stems one or
several, simple or branched. Sisymbrium reflecum, Kell., (Proc. Cal. Acad.
2.101, fig. 29,) is doubtless the same. From Canada to Colorado and Califor-
nia, northward to the Arctic Circle and Greenland. Frequent in Nevada and
Utah, in the former especially ; 4,500-8,000 feet altitude; April-July. (76.)

AraBis arcuaTa, Gray. (Séreptanthus, Nutt.) ‘Hirsutely villous, with
branching hairs; leaves lanceolate-linear, remotely serrulate, the cauline sagit-
tate and clasping, very acute; siliques flat and curved downward; petals (purple)
obovate, exserted.”—Very closely resembling the last, from which it is dis-
tinguished by its rather larger deep-purple flowers, which are usually sub-
erect, by the rather more villous pubescence, and by the more arcuate siliques.
It may prove to be but a variety. Upper California. On the foot-hills of the
CATALOGUE. 19

Washoe, Trinity, and Toyabe Mountains, Nevada, often growing with the
last; 4,500-6,000 feet altitude; April-July. (77.) ,

STREPTANTHUS’ coRDATUs, Nutt. Glabrous; lower leaves spatulate-ovate
‘ or oblong, repandly denticulate, (chiefly at the apex ;) cauline ones cordate,
clasping, all obtuse; flowers on short pedicels; petals without a dilated
lamina, scarcely exceeding the sepals; siliques erect or spreading, com-
pressed, broadly linear; seeds flat, margined.—A glaucous perennial, $-2°
high; leaves thick, very obtuse or even truncate, with usually a few teeth at
the summit; petals rarely half longer than the calyx, greenish yellow, or
often deep purple; pods 3-4’ long, 14-2” wide. Nuttall describes the
siliques as deflexed. They are most usually ascending, though specimens
show them in some measure reflected. It has been collected by Newberry
on the Lower Colorado ; by Parry, in the Middle Park; and by Brewer, at
Carson’s Pass, in the Sierras. Found in the East Humboldt Mountains,
Nevada, and not rare in the Uintas, on rocky ridges, at an elevation of
7-9,000 feet; July-August. (78.)

CaRDAMINE CORDIFOLIA, Gray. Pl. Fendi, p. 8. Stem erect, simple,
from a fibrous creeping root, glabrous, or pilose at base, leafy; leaves peti-
oled, cordate, sparingly repand-dentate or angular-toothed, ciliate, the lower
orbicular or reniform, the upper triangular-cordate, subacuminate ; flowers
rather large, white; siliques suberect, 2~3 times longer than the spreading
pedicels.—Stem 1-3° high; leaves 1-4’ in diameter. Discovered by Fendler
in the Santa Fé Mountains, New Mexico, and collected since in Colorado,
and by Lyall on the northwestern boundary. Found in the Clover Mountains,

 

1STREPTANTHUS, Nurr. Characters nearly as in Arabis; the calyx large, with broad and col-
ored sepals; anthers elongated and sagittate, with the longer filaments sometimes adnate; petals with
long channeled somewhat twisted claws, with or without a dilated lamina; silique compressed, with
i-nerved valves, and flattened seeds in one series; stigma simple. :

The limits of this genus have not been in fact strictly drawn, several of the recognized species
deviating in a perplexing manner from the typical forms in their more or less terete pods and scarcely
flattened immarginate seeds. It is found, however, on investigation, that in all of these cases the cotyl-
edons are, to some greater or less extent, incumbent, showing that their true place is rather with Thely-
podium. If Streptanthus, therefore, be restricted to such species only as have compressed pods, the valves
sometimes slightly carinate, but the seeds always flattened, circular or elliptical, more or less margined,
and with the cotyledons truly accumbent, the excluded species will be S. crassicaulis, Torr., S. procerus,
Brewer, S. Coulteri, Gray, S. longifolius, Benth., S. sagittatus, Nutt., and S. flavescens, Torr. (not of Hook.)
Of these the three latter are received without difficulty into Thelypodium, to which Iodanthus pinnatifidus
may also be united, having the base of the radicle decidedly oblique. The remainder, with two other
new species, form a group so well ‘distinguished by their elongated terete pods, oblong seeds, and strep-
tanthoid flowers with elaminate petals, that it seems advisable to form of them a new genus, (See

Caulanthus, p. 27.)
20 BOTANY.

Nevada, (rare,) and in the Wahsatch and Uintas; 7,000 feet altitude ;
a une—September. (79.3 :

Carpamme nirsuta, L. The Atlantic States to Florida, and from Canada
to Colorado and Northern California, northward to the Arctic Sea. In the
Wahsatch and Uinta Mountains, Utah, and in Goose Creek Valley, North-
eastern Nevada; 6-7,000 feet altitude; June-September. (80.)

PiatysperMum' scaricerum, Hook. Annual, low, (2-3' high,) glabrous;
leaves radical, runcinate-pinnatifid; scapes numerous, 1-flowered; petals
white.—Collected by Douglas and Geyer on the Columbia River Now found
at the Steamboat Springs, near Washoe City, Nevada. In fruit; May. (81.)

Vesicarta montana, Gray. Proc. Acad. Phil., March, 1863, p. 58.
Hoary, with a silvery pubescence; root perennial; stems diffuse, decumbent,
leafy ; leaves spatulate, radical ones subovate, petioled, sometimes with 1-2
teeth; raceme elongated in fruit ; pod oval or oblong, pubescent, longer than
the slender style, and a little longer than the spreading curved pedicel—
Seeds 2-6 in each cell, wingless; petals spatulate, light yellow; filaments
filiform. Subalpine; found by Hall & Harbour in Colorado; not rare in
the East and West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch ;
9-10,000 feet altitude; June-August. (82.)

Puysarra® pipymocarpa, Gray. (Vesicaria, Hook.) Radical leaves
broadly obovate-spatulate, occasionally lyrate; cauline lanceolate-spatulate,
mostly entire; siliques large, globose-didymous, deeply emarginate above and
below.—A low decumbent profusely branched perennial; the showy oblong-
spatulate petals exceeding the oblong sepals ; silicles varying in size, (2-6” in
diameter,) the lobes usually approximate, sometimes considerably divergent ;
the septum 4-14” long. From Colorado to Oregon and north to lat. 57°. In
the East and West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch and
Uintas ; 6,500-9,000 feet altitude; June, July. (83.)

Drasa aupina, L. Somewhat rigid; scapes naked, mostly somewhat hir-
sute; leaves spatulate-lanceolate, plane, more or less pilose with branching
hairs; petals (yellow) more than twice the length of the calyx; silicles some-
what corymbed, oblong-elliptical; style very short—North Greenland and

 

‘PLATYSPERMUM, Hoox. Sepals equal, spreading. Petals obovate, subsessile. Pods orbicular,
much compressed, with a hyaline septum; valves flat; stigma sessile, simple. Seeds few, orbicular, with
a broad margin and slender seedstalk ; cotyledons accumbent.—A low annual. Brentu. & Hoox.

s ?PHYSARIA, Nurr. Characters as in Vesicaria, (to which it is referred by Benth. & Hook.,) but
the silicle didymous, much inflated, membranous; the cotyledons contrary to the narrow septum,
CATALOGUE. 21

the Arctic Coast to Behring Strait; also collected by Parry in Colorado,
and by Brewer in the Sierra Nevada. Numerous specimens were collected
in Nevada and Utah, varying much, but belonging to one species. Those
distributed under this number are 38-4’ high, with the large flowers and fruit
in a loose raceme; leaves spatulate or obovate, nearly veinless, stellately pu-
bescent; scape nearly glabrous; pods glabrous or pubescent. East Hum-
boldt Mountains, Nevada; 8-9,000 feet altitude; July. (84.)

Var. Somewhat more densely matted, and crowded with the leaves of
previous seasons; 2-4’ high; leaves linear-lanceolate, with a more or less
prominent mid-vein; pubescence occasionally wanting. East Humboldt
Mountains, Nevada; 8-10,000 feet altitude; July, August. (85.)

Var. (=D. glacialis, Adams.) A dwarf and more alpine form, still more
compact, and the scapes but an inch high, 1-several-flowered ; leaves densely
crowded, more rigid and strongly midveined, densely pubescent or nearly
glabrous, not ciliate. Lyall collected similar specimens on the northwestern
boundary, and Brewer in California. Clover Mountains, Nevada, and the
Uintas ; 10-12,000 feet altitude; August, September. (86.)

Var. (near D. glacialis, Var.7, Hook.) Very dwarf and matted; scapes,
pedicels, and silicles hirsute-pubescent, while the rigid linear keeled leaves
are strongly ciliate, but otherwise glabrous. Similar to 2716 Brewer. East
Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 10,000 feet altitude; August. (87.)

Var. (=D. algida, Adams.) Dwarf and matted; scape very short, 1-3-
flowered, and with the silicles glabrous; leaves ovate, glabrous, ciliate, less
rigid, and scarcely nerved. Resembles specimens of Bongard from Altai,
and of Hooker and Thompson from Tibet. Hast Humboldt Mountains,
Nevada, and Uinta Mountains, Utah; 10-12,000 feet altitude. August. (88.)

DRABA STELLATA, Jacq. Perennial; scape with a single leaf, pubescent ;
leaves oblong-oval, tomentose with a short stellate pubescence; pedicels
puberulent; silicles oblong. Var. HEBECARPA; with the silicles pubescent.
Scape mostly leafless; lower leaves lanceolate-obovate; flowers white. A
reduced (1-2' high) and rather unsatisfactory form. Arctic America. East
Humboldt and Uinta Mountains; 9-11,000 feet; July, August. (89.)

DraBA MURICELLA, Wahl. (?) Scape naked, velvety; leaves oblong,
entire, canescent, with a soft stellate pubescence ; silicles oblong-lanceolate,
glabrous; flowers white—Labrador and Arctic America. Considered by
Hooker distinct from the last. ‘The specimens vary considerably from, the
29 BOTANY.

description and from each other, and may be distinct, some or all of them.
Some, however, agree well with Lapland specimens of D. nivalis, Lilj., (refer-
red to this species,) from Anderson, in Herb. Gray. All have glabrous naked
scapes and silicles, with small obovate pubescent leaves; otherwise they may
be thus divided: (a) with very slender 1-3-flowered scapes, 2’ long ; flowers
small, petals half longer than the calyx; silicle linear-oblong, (8-4” long,) with
a short style; (0) with shorter scape, and style none; (c) with ovate silicles,
acuminate with a longer (4”) style. (a) and (0) are from the same locality
in the Uinta Mountains; 12,000 feet altitude; August; (c) from the Kast
Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 10,000 feet altitude; September. (90.)

Drasa Dovanast, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad. 7. 828. Caudex with
numerous short stems; scapes naked, corymbosely many-flowered ; leaves all
rosulate, subcartilaginous, nearly veinless, entire, glabrous or somewhat hirsute
(as also the scape) with simple hairs, hispidly ciliate, the lowest ovate, the
upper ones obovate or spatulate; flowers rather large, white, with oval
glabrous sepals; silicles ovate, puberulent, beaked with the slender style ;
cells 2-ovuled near the summit.—A low czspitose perennial; scapes an inch
in height. Collected by Douglas in Northern California or Oregon, and by
Anderson in the Sierras south of Carson City. Mount Davidson, Nevada;
6,000 feet altitude; April, in flower only. (91.)

Drasa aurea, Vahl. Pubescent; stem erect, leafy; leaves lanceolate or
ovate-lanceolate, acute, entire or toothed; corymbs terminal and axillary;
silicles oblong-lanceolate, pubescent, exceeding the pedicels; petals (yellow,
or sometimes white) emarginate ; style rather short—Biennial or perennial ;
stems few in young plants, becoming many. The specimens have simple
racemes, resembling those collected in Colorado and by Bourgeau. Found
in the Rocky Mountains, from New Mexico to British America. Uinta
Mountains, Utah; 8-11,000 feet altitude; August. (92.)

Drapa nemorosa, L. In the Rocky Mountains, from Colorado to the
Arctic Circle and the northwest coast. Frequent in the Wahsatch Moun-
tains, Utah ; 4,500-8,500 feet altitude; May-July. (93.)

Var. LuTEA, Gray. (D.lutea, DC.) Often with the stem nearly or quite
leafless, and the petals sometimes pinkish-white; the sepals are sparsely
hirsute; the pedicels scarcely exceed or are even shorter than the silicles.
Similar specimens collected in Golorado have been considered D. crassifolia,
Grah., but it is evidently a form of the last—more alpine. In the East Hum-
CATALOGUE. 28

boldt, Wahsatch, and Uinta Mountains; 9-10,000 feet altitude; July,
August. (94.)

Drasa Caro.iniana, Walt., Var. MIcRANTHA, Gray. From Rhode Island
to the Missouri, and southward to Georgia. The variety is the more western
form, being reported from Missouri and Arkansas, New Mexico, and Sonora.
Found in Salt Lake Valley, and on Antelope Island in Salt Lake. May,
June. (95.)

SIsyMBRIUM JuNcEUM, Bieb. Glabrous, glaucous, stems several from a
perennial root, 8-15’ high; lower leaves petioled, runcinately pinnatifid, the
upper ones linear-lanceolate, entire; flowers yellow, 2-3” long; style very
short; siliques terete, very slender, 2’ long, sub-erect ; pedicels spreading —
Collected by Douglas and Wyeth on the Columbia and Salmon Rivers,
Oregon. East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 8,000 feet altitude; August.
(96.)

SISYMBRIUM CANESCENS, Nutt. Varying much in the section of the
leaves and in the degree of pubescence—the latter always branched; 3/-2°
high. From Arctic America to Mexico. Very abundant on the dry foothills
and valleys of Nevada. Known as “‘ Ah-tsah” by the Pah-Utes, who gather
its seed for food. 4,500-5,000 feet altitude; April-September. (97.)

A form occurs with the siliques oval or long-elliptical, 14-3” long, one-
half to one-third the usual length. Near Humboldt Lake, Nevada. (98.)

SisyMBriuM Cauirornicum. (Smelowskia ?, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad.
6. 520.) Annual, branching above, hoary-pubescent, or the stem sub-glab-
rous; leaves pinnately parted, segments usually obtuse, 3-5-lobed; flowers
small, yellow; pods small, oblong or linear, more or less acute at each end,
apiculate with the short style; cells 1-12-seeded; seeds in one series.—
Stems 1-3° high, less diffusely branched than S. canescens, which it closely
resembles, but from which it is at once distinguished by its 1-seried seeds ;
the pods are also often (but not uniformly) narrower and more acuminate, and
it is found at higher elevations. The plant upon which the species was
founded had unusually few-seeded pods; with a fuller set of specimens there
could have been little hesitation in referring it to Stsymbrium. Found
by Brewer on Mount Danaand near Mono Lake, California. Frequent on the
Toyabe and East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch;
6-10,000 feet altitude; June-August. (99.)
24 BOTANY.

SweLtowskia! catyciva, Mey. (Hutchinsia, Desv-) Leaves mostly radi-
cal; flowers white, in dense corymbs, the limb of the petal roundish; stem
(6' high) elongating in fruit. —Rocky Mountains, from Colorado to lat. 57°, and
Behring Strait. East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and in the Uintas;
10-11,000 feet altitude; August, September. (100.)

Erysimum cHeranrnorwes, L. From Pennsylvania to Colorado, the
Arctic Circle and Washington Territory. Reese Valley, Nevada, and in the
Wahsatch and Uinta Mountains; 5-6,500 feet altitude ; June, July. (101.)

Erysiuum aspskum, DC. From Missouri to Western Texas and
Southern California, and northward to lat. 57°. Frequent in the mountains
of Nevada and Utah; the stem simple and leaves nearly entire; 5-12,500
feet altitude; May—-August. (102.)

Var. Pumitum. An early spring form from the foothills near Carson
City, Nevada; branching from the base and leaves more dentate. It does not
appear to differ from E. pumilum, Nutt., and may be distinct. April. (103.)

Var. INCONSPICUUM. With small flowers, the petals but half longer than
the (3-4” long) sepals. Collected also by Bourgeau. Diamond. Valley,
Nevada. (104.)

STANLEYA? PINNATIFIDA, Nutt. Stems 2-3° high, decumbent at base,
several from the same rootstock; lower leaves lyrate-pinnatifid, lobes some-
what lanceolate ; upper leaves entire, lanceolate, narrowed at base to a slen-
der petiole; filaments much elongated; siliques 2’ long, somewhat torulose,
twice longer than the stipe—The leaves are often nearly all entire, forming
in the absence of the lower ones the S. integrifolia, James, which cannot
rank even as a variety. S. fruticosa and heterophylla, Nutt., are probably also
included. The woody base is sometimes an inch or more in diameter, show-
ing 10-12 annual rings. From Western Iowa to the headwaters of the Platte
and Snake Rivers, southward to Northern Arizona and New Mexico. Valleys
of Nevada and foothills of the Wahsatch ; 4,500-5,000 feet altitude; June,
July. (105.)

 

1§MELOWSKIA, C. A. Meyer. Sepals short, equal. Silicle rather short, narrowed at each end,
somewhat tetragonal or laterally compressed; valves concave, submembranous, with included filiform
replum and membranous septum; style short and stigma simple. Seeds few, in one row, immarginate;
funiculus setaceous, free; cotyledons incumbent.—Perennial hoary-tomentose subcspitose herbs, with
1-2-pinnatifid leaves and bractless flowers. Brnru. & Hoox.

?STANLEYA,Nurr. Sepals long, spreading. Petals narrow, elongated, with long claws. Anthers
twisted. Siliques long-stipitate, slender, nearly terete, subcompressed ; valves 1-nerved; style short or
none ; stigma simple. Seeds in one row, oblong, pendulous ; cotyledons incumbent.—Perennial, glabrous,
glaucous; flowers yellow, in long, strict, many-flowered, bractless racemes. BENT. & Hoox.
CATALOGUE. 25

STANLEYA VIRIDIFLORA, Nutt. Erect, glabrous; radical leaves obovate or
lanceolate, petioled, entire or with a few runcinate teeth toward the base; the
cauline lanceolate, acute, sessile, clasping; calyx and petals greenish-yellow ;
silique elongated, torulose—Stem simple, 2-4° high; leaves rapidly dimin-
ishing in size upward ; fruiting raceme 2° or more long; siliques very narrow,
2-3’ long, on 2’ stipes. Collected by Nuttall on Ham’s Fork of the Greene
River and on the headwaters of the Snake. 97 Geyer appears to be the same.
Found in Regan’s Valley, Nevada, and on the Bear River, Utah; 5-6,000
feet altitude; July, August. (106.)

‘THELYPODIUM' INTEGRIFOLIUM, Endl. (Pachypodium, Nutt.) Leaves
entire, radical ones petioled, oblong-elliptical, the cauline lanceolate, sessile, the
uppermost nearly linear; stem fastigiately branched; flowers almost corym-
bose, crowded ; petals spatulate-obovate ; silique short, subtorulose, acuminate,
very shortly: stipitate-——Tall, 3-6° high; flowers pale rose-color; fruiting
racemes short, crowded; siliques 1’ long. Northwestern New Mexico, Color-
ado, and Wyoming, westward to Northern California and Oregon. Found in
the Truckee Valley, Nevada, in Southeastern Idaho, at City of Rocks, and in
the Wahsatch ; 4,500-6,000 feet altitude; July-September. (107.)

THELYPODIUM saGiTTaTuM, Endl. (Pachypodium, Nutt.) Leaves

 

1THELYPODIUM, ENDL. (See note to Streptanthus, on page 19.) Sepals elongated, equal at base,
often colored. Petals long, linear, or with a plane lamina, unguiculate. Anthers linear. Silique sessile or
with a very short thick stipe, linear, subterete or somewhat compressed, torulose, not greatly elongated ;
valves convex, subcarinately 1-nerved; style rather short; stigma nearly entire. Seeds in one row,
oblong, somewhat compressed, immarginate or scarcely margined ; cotyledons more or less incumbent.—
Annual or perennial, with spicately racemed bractless white or rose-colored flowers ; silique 1-2’ long.
The genus includes the following species :

* Leaves entire.

T. INTEGRIFOLIUM, Endl. (See above.)

T. LINESRIFOLIUM, Gray. (Streptanthus, Gray. Plant. Fendl, p. 7.) Leaves linear, the lowermost
lanceolate, narrowed at base; flower showy. New Mexico.

T. SAGITTATUM, Endl. See above.

T. Nurraiu. See p. 26.

** Radical leaves, at least, toothed or pinnatifid.

T. BRACHYCARPUM, Torr. See p. 26.

T. LACINIATUM, Endl. See p. 26.

T, LONGIFOLIUM. (Streptanthus, Benth., Plant. Hartw., p. 10, and probably S. micranthus, Gray,
Plant. Fendl. p.7.) Lower leaves rough-hirsute ; pod sub-pendulous. New Mexico.

T. PINNATIFIDUM. (lodanthus hesperidoides, Torr. & Gr.) Glabrous, leaves all toothed, lowermost
lyrate-pinnatifid ; racemes loose, panicled. From the Alleghanies to Illinois and Arkansas.

T. FLAVESCENS. (Streptanthus, Torr., Pac. R. R. Surv. 4, 65; not of Hooker.) Pilose; upper
leaves sessile and entire; pods hirsute, erect—Whipple’s plant in Herb. Torr. has a nearly terete pod,
with oblong flattened seeds, the radicle oblique at base. Dr. Gray, in his MSS. notes upon Douglas’s
plant in Herb. Kew., but for its leaves not auriculate at base, would consider it a depauperate, small-
flowered form of S. heterophyllus, Nutt., which, however, has flattened pods and small flat orbicular
slightly margined seeds and is a true Streptanthus. California.

4
296 BOTANY.

entire, lanceolate; the cauline ones sagittate, clasping; flowers in crowded
racemes; petals obovate, the claw exceeding the sepals, nearly white ; raceme
elongated in fruit ; siliques spreading, subterete, more or less Peas acumi-

nate with the rather long style; seeds emarginate, cotyledons often nearly
incumbent.—Rarely erect, loosely branched, the branches usually weak and
flexuose ; leaves somewhat glaucous, radical ones 3-4’ long, on slender petioles ;
sepals green or colored; petals pale-pink or white; siliques 1-2’ long. Growing
under bushes in the alkaline valleys of Nevada, and in Salt Lake Valley,
Utah. May-July. (108.)

Tuenypoprum Nurrauiu. (Streptanthus sagittatus, Nutt.) Leaves en-
tire, the radical ovate, petioled, the cauline ones lanceolate, sagittate, clasping ;
flowers loosely racemed ; petals ovate-oblong, the claw exceeding the sepals,
purple; siliques spreading, subterete, more or less torulose, acuminate with the
rather long style; seeds emarginate, cotyledons nearly accumbent.—Very
near to the last and growing in similar localities, but usually stouter and
more erect, 3-5° high; radical leaves often 6-8’ long, and half as broad ;
petals and calyx bright purple, or rarely nearly white; siliques 1-2’ long;
cotyledons nearly accumbent, and the seeds, therefore, rather flatter than is
usual in the last. Collected by Nuttall in Southern Idaho, and since by Ives
in Arizona. (109.)

THELYPODIUM BRACHYcARPUM, Torr. Proc. Amer. Acad. 6. 520. - Stem
virgate ; cauline leaves rather numerous, oblong-lanceolate, sagittate, entire,
erect; raceme elongated, very narrow, spiciform; pedicels shorter than the
calyx ; sepals linear; petals very narrowly linear ; anthers mucronate; siliques
2—1'long, the valves carinately 1-nerved—The radical leaves, often wanting,
are runcinate-pinnatifid, or sometimes nearly entire; the cauline occasionally
sparingly toothed, appressed to the stem or spreading; the stem often tall
and stout, (1-5°,) and with much the habit of 7. integrifolium, with which
it was found in the Truckee Valley. Collected by the Wilkes Exploring
Expedition in California and by Brewer at Mono Lake. (110.)

THELYPODIUM LACINIATUM, Endl. (Pachypodium, Nutt.) Glabrous; leaves
oblong-lanceolote, all petioled, sinuate-dentate, or laciniately pinnatifid, or
coarsely and unequally toothed; flowers on spreading pedicels; petals linear,
three times as long as the calyx; stipe very short; siliques subterete, acumi-
nate—Stem erect, 2-5° high, simple or branched; leaves very variable, on
slender petioles; racemes virgate, elongated; flowers nearly white; siliques
CATALOGUE. 27

12-23’long. Collected by Douglas and Nuttall on the Columbia River, and by
Bloomer near Virginia City, Nevada. Found on the Mount Tobin range,
Nevada, and in the adjacent Regan’s Valley; 5-6,000 feet altitude; June.
(111.)

CAULANTHUS' CRASSICAULIS. (Séreptanthus, Torr. Stansbury’s Rep., p.
384, ¢. 1.) Glaucous; stem glabrous, fistular, inflated; leaves oblong, runcinate
or runcinate-pinnatifid, with long petioles; flowers ascending, the dark-purple
petals linear, rather obtuse, scarcely a half longer than the very woolly calyx;
siliques elongated, linear, terete; sceds subcompressed, irregularly angular ;
cotyledons very obliquely incumbent.—Stem erect, simple or rarely branched,
2-3° high ; leaves mostly radical, the terminal lobes largest and triangular or
deltoid; sepals oblong, 6” long; petals slightly dilated above the short claw;
pods on very short pedicels, ascending, 3-5’ long and 14” broad, cylindrical,
terminated by the conspicuous stigma-lobes. On dry foot-hills of Nevad and
Utah; known as “ Wild Cabbage,” and sometimes used as a barely tolerable
substitute for the cultivated plant. This fancied affinity to the cauliflower-
tribe of more favored regions has suggested the generic name. In flower
and fruit, May-July. (112.)

CavULANTHUS pPiLosus. Biennial, pilosely hispid, branched; leaves
petioled, lyrate-pinnatifid, lobes sparsely angular-toothed ; racemes loosely
flowered; flowers greenish-white, spreading; petals a little exceeding the
sepals, oblong, contracted above; siliques linear, elongated, subterete; style
none, or a mere contraction between the ovary and the somewhat lobed
stigma; seeds oblong, flattened—A coarse, unsightly plant, 3—-4° high, the

 

!1CAULANTHUS. (See note to Streptanthus, on p. 19.) Sepals large, nearly equally saccate
at base. Petals but little longer than the sepals, undulate-crisped, the lamina only a somewhat dilated
rhomboidal extension of the broad claw. Anthers linear. Siliques sessile or with a short and thick stipe,
terete, elongated ; valves convex, more or less distinctly 1-nerved ; stipe short or none; stigma 2-lobed, or
slightly emarginate. Seeds in one row, oblong, flattened, immarginate or scarcely margined ; cotyledons
more or less incumbent.—Stout biennial or perennial herbs; leaves mostly pinnatifid ; flowers in long
loose racemes; pods 3-5’ long. :

Though technically to be classed with the Sisymbric, yet, like Thelypodium, the genus is so closely
related to Arabis and Streptanthus that some less artificial arrangement, that would bring them nearer
together, is desirable. We refer to it the following additional species :

C. PRocerus. (Streptanthus, Brew. Proc. Amer. Acad. 6. 519.) Biennial, stout, glabrous and
glaucous, 4-6° high; leaves petioled, coarsely laciniate-pinnatifid ; flowers greenish-white, 6” long ; pod 4’
long, terete, acuminate with the nearly entire style; cotyledons decidedly incumbent, shorter than the
radicle. California.

C. Couttert. (Streptanthus, Gray MSS. 8. heterophyllus, Gray, Proc. Amer. dcad. 6. 185, in part, not
of Nuttall.) Cauline leaves cordate lanceolate, entire or rarely dentate, hispid; pedicels hispid, spread-
ing; sepals oblong-lanccolate, 4” long, often hirsute at base; pods deflexed, the valves nerved; stigma

strongly 2-lobed. 8. California.
28 BOTANY.

lower stem and leaves pilose with scattered hairs, more or less glabrous
above; calyx slightly pilose, 4” long; immature siliques 3-4’ long, 3” wide.
Very near C. procerus, but readily distinguished by its obtuse siliques. On
dry foot-hills in the Truckee Valley, and near Humboldt Lake, Nevada ;
May. (113.)

CavLantuus wasTatus. Perennial, glabrous, simple or somewhat
branched; leaves petioled, very variable ; radical ones lyrate or entire, the
terminal leaflet ovate, acute, hastate, or truncate at base; cauline leaves
ovate-oblong, entire, hastate, rounded or cuneate at base; flowers greenish-
yellow, in a loose virgate raceme, reflexed ; sepals narrow-lanceolate, distant;
petals (sometimes nearly wanting) equaling the sepals, sublaciniately toothed
laterally ; siliques linear, subterete, obtuse, spreading; seeds flattened, slightly
margined or immarginate; cotyledons nearly accumbent.—A stout, somewhat:
glaucous plant, 8-5° high, with large heteromorphous, but often hastate
leaves, which when lyrate have the few small lateral leaflets distinct along the
narrow rachis. On shaded slopes in the Wahsatch and Uinta Mountains;
6—7,000 feet altitude; June-August. Puare III. Fig. 1. A flowering plant,
one-half the natural size. Fig.2. A flower. Fig.3. A petal; both enlarged
four diameters. Fig. 4. A pod, of natural size but shorter than the average.
Fig. 5 and 6. A seed, in position, and its embryo; enlarged four diameters.
(114.)

Brassica (SINAPIS) NiGRA, Benth. & Hook. Near a deserted “city” in
the West Humboldt Mountains; doubtless introduced. (115.)

Brassica (sinaPis) campestris, L. Found growing among sage-brush
in several localities in Nevada, but at no great distance from the Overland
Stage-road, and doubtless introduced. (116.)

CapseLLA Bursa-pastoris, Meench. Frequent among sage-brush near
Camp Douglas, Utah. Introduced. (117.) ‘

CapsELLa pivaricata, Walpers. (Hymenolobus, Nutt.) Erect or sub-
decumbent, branched ; leaves ovate and entire, or pinnatifid with several oblong
lobes ; upper leaves linear and often entire ; silicle elliptic-oblong, obtuse —A
small slender-branching glabrous annual, 2-6’ high. In numerous specimens
from half-a-dozen localities, it is rarely that a pinnatifid leaf is found; the radi-
cal leaves are more usually ovate, on petioles equaling or exceeding the blade ;
occasionally sinuate dentate or pinnately lobed. Collected by Nuttall on the
Columbia, by Parry in Southern California, and by Anderson near Carson
PLATE ill

 

CAULANTHUS HASTATUS.
CATALOGUE. 29

City, Nevada. Frequent in swb-alkaline soils under sage-brush in Carson and
Humboldt Valleys, Nevada, and Salt Lake Valley, Utah. April-June. (118.)

LepipiuM INTERMEDIUM, Gray. Western specimens of this species are
most usually apetalous, and either glabrous or pubescent. Dr. Hooker appears
to consider it the same with L. ruderale, L., Tibetian specimens of which,
in Herb. Gray., are identical in shape and size of the pod with some of the
Western American ones. The petaled form is reported from the Indian
Territory, Western Texas, New Mexico, and Utah. The apetalous form
has a wider range, from Hudson’s Bay and the Arctic Circle to the Pacific,
south to Illinois, and much more rarely along the central ranges into New
Mexico. Found frequently in the valleys and on the foot-hills of Nevada and
of Salt Lake Valley ; 4,500-6,500 feet altitude; May-July. (119.)

LePIDIUM ALYSsOIDES, Gray. Pl, Fendl.,p.10. Glabrous; stems diffuse
from a perennial root ; leaves narrowly linear, acute, narrowed at base, entire,
sometimes pinnately 3—-5-lobed; racemes densely corymbed; petals round-
spatulate, thrice longer than the calyx; stamens 6; pods ovate, wingless,
scarcely emarginate, glabrous; style very short—G—12’ high; flowers conspi-
cuous ; siliques 1” in length, with a minute emargination; secondary leaves
sometimes bi-pinnatifid. Western Texas to Arizona. Foot-hills of the
Trinity Mountains near Humboldt Sink, and of the West Humboldt Moun-
tains, Nevada; in flower; May, June. (120.)

Lepipium montanum, Nutt. Biennial, erect or decumbent, diffusely
branched ; leaves pinnatifid, segments more or less dissected, especially upon
the upper margin; uppermost leaves with fewer segments, trifid or entire;
flowers in dense corymbed racemes ; petals round-spatulate, twice longer than
the sepals; pods orbicular, slightly emarginate, wingless, or somewhat winged
and ovate-—Glabrous, or hoary with a short grayish pubescence; variable
also in the section of the leaves and in habit of growth; fruiting racemes
rather short. Southern California and Sonora to the Columbia River. Fre-
quent in the valleys of Nevada and Utah, growing in damp sub-alkaline soils ;
4,500-6,000 feet altitude; May—September. (121.)

Var. ALPINUM. With decidedly perennial root-stock; glabrous; leaf-
segments somewhat broader, and style longer. Chiefly remarkable for its
habitat—a damp rocky gorge of Cottonwood Cafion in the Wahsatch, at an
elevation of 9,000 feet; July, August. (122.)

Lepipium

 

? Leafless specimens, long past maturity ; 2° high, erect,
30 BOTANY.

branched above, the branches terminating in corymbs of 3-6 short racemes,
1’ long; pods very small, # in length, ovate, somewhat winged above,
scarcely twice longer than the style ; branchlets hispidly pubescent. Pah-Ute
Range, Nevada; 5,000 feet altitude; October. (123.)

Leriprum Fremontu. Perennial, erect, diffusely branching, suffru-
tescent at base, glabrous, glaucous; leaves entire or rarely sparingly lobed,
linear, obtuse, narrowed at base, somewhat fasicled; racemes few-flowered ;
petals ovate-spatulate, twice exceeding the sepals; stamens 4; pods large,
orbicular, wingless, very slightly emarginate; style short; cotyledons incum-
bent.—Much branched, 1° high; racemes less than 12-flowered. Gathered
by Frémont on the Mohave River in 1844, and now collected on sandy foot-
hills near the Humboldt Sink. The amount of material is still scanty, but
sufficient to give the characters. Piarz IV. Fig.1. The extremity of a
branch; natural size. Fig. 4. A flower; enlarged four diameters. (124.)

Lepipium pictyotum, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad. 7.329. Annual, 2-3’
high; puberulent throughout; leaves narrowly linear, entire or pinnatifid with
linear lobes; petals small, oblong, a little exceeding the calyx, or wanting;
stamens 4; pods finely reticulated, subovate, somewhat winged at the apex,
deeply emarginate, longer than the thick flattened erect pedicel. Racemes
strict, shorter than the leaves; siliques becoming nearly 2’ long. Near Carson
City, Nevada, where it is common under sage-brush; April; collected in the
same region by Mann and Anderson. In the specimens from which the
original description was drawn, the flowers were apetalous and the leaves
entire. PuateIV. Fig.1. <A plant; natural size. Fig.2. A nearly mature
pod, showing the calyx and petals; enlarged four diameters. (125.)

Leripium ruavom, Torr. Pac. R. R. Surv., 4. 67. Annual, diffusely
branched, decumbent, glabrous; leaves rather thick, oblong-spatulate, the radi-
cal ones pinnatifid with short rounded lobes, the cauline sparingly toothed or
entire; flowers yellow, capitate; petals obovate, unguiculate ; stamens 4; pods
broadly ovate, reticulate, with a broad sinus between the short narrow wings;
style slender, nearly equaling the pod; cotyledons incumbent.—Stems becom-
ing 6’ in length, with numerous densely capitate racemes, pedicels reflexed in
fruit. Collected by Frémont near Mohave Creek in Western Arizona. Fre-
quent about Humboldt Lake, Nevada; May. (126.)

Lepipium nanum. Perennial, dwarf, matted-cespitose, glabrous, ex-
cepting the pubescent pedicels; leaves crowded, small, ovate-spatulate,
12 LEPIDIUM

DICTYOTUM

34 i, FREMONTH

 

5-7 1 NANUM

PLATE WV.
CATALOGUE. 31

3-lobed at the apex, with a broad ciliated petiole; lobes rounded, obtuse ;
scapes scarcely exceeding the leaves, 1-5-flowered; flowers unknown; pods
ovate, narrowly bidentate above, a line in length, thrice longer than the
style; cotyledons accumbent.—-Whole plant scarcely an inch high, in dense
mats, the caudex branching into numerous heads, each terminated by a
crowded cluster of small leaves. On a dry gravelly knoll at the head of °
Holmes Creek, Nevada; 6,000 feet altitude; September. Prarz IV. Fig.
5. A branch; natural size. Fig. 6. A branchlet; enlarged two diameters.
Fig. 7, A leaf; enlarged four times. (127.)

THLASPI ALPESTRE, L (?) Perennial, glabrous; stems ascending, 3-12’
high, simple; radical leaves petioled, ovate or obovate, entire or denticulate,
the cauline ovate or oblong, cordate-clasping; racemes crowded or usually
elongated and loose, 3-6’ long; flowers rather large, the petals 1-3” long;
pods 2-4” long, acutely margined but not winged, short-oblong, cuneate at
base, emarginate, truncate, or rounded at the apex, 4-8-seeded; style 3-1’
long.—Usually referred to T. cochleariforme, DC., and including T. Fendler?,
Gray, but the same as European and Tibetian specimens of T. alpestre, ex-
cept in its usually larger flowers. In the Rocky Mountains, from the head-
waters of the Columbia to New Mexico. Frequent in the East Humboldt
and Clover Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch and Uintas; 8,500-11,000
feet altitude ; July-September. (128.)

THyYsanocarpus' ELEGANS, Fisch. & Mey. Leaves oblong-lanceolate,
radical ones pinnatifid or repandly toothed, the cauline mostly entire and
sagittate-clasping ; silicles orbicular-obovate, plano-convex, broadly winged,
obscurely crenate, the margin entire or perforated, not marked by elevated
radiating veins.—Stem 1—2° high, branched above; quite variable in foliage,
pubescence, and development of the wing. The species doubtless includes
T. curvipes, Hook., and T. pulchellus, ¥F. & M. T. radians, Benth., is clearly
distinct, as also T. daciniatus, Nutt., (which probably should include T. crena-
tus,) and T. pusillus, Hook, (=T. oblongifolius, Nutt.) California and Ari-
zona, north to the Columbia. .Near Carson City and in the West Humboldt
Mountains, Nevada; 5,000 feet altitude; April-June. (129.)

 

1THYSANOCARPUS, Hook. Petals small. Pod ovate, obovate, or orbicular, much compressed,
1-celled, indehiscent, membranously winged; style filiform. Seed pendulous, wingless; cotyledons accum-
bent or obliquely incumbent.—Slender branched annuals; flowers small, racemed, on filiform pedicels,
which are nodding in fruit. Bunty. & Hoox.
39 BOTANY.

CAPPARIDEZ.

Creome! wrecrirotta, T. & G. Leaves 3-foliolate ; leaflets lanceolate or
oblong, entire, sub-mucronate; sepals united below; petals light-purple, with
short claws; pods oblong-linear, much exceeding the stipe-—Stem 2-3° high;
flowers large and showy. From New Mexico to the Upper Missouri and
Oregon. Frequent in Salt Lake Valley; June—September. (180.)

CLrome aurua, Nutt. Leaves 3-5-foliolate; leaflets oblong-lanceolate,
(1-2’ long,) acute at each end, entire; sepals united at the base only ; petals
(3” long) oblong-elliptical or ovate-oblong, nearly sessile ; stamens equal; pods
linear-oblong, (1’ long,) exceeding the stipe—Stem 1-2° high, branched
above, the branches terminating in a dense sub-capitate raceme of bright
yellow flowers, elongating in fruit; filaments filiform, much exserted, anthers
closely coiled. This is doubtless the plant of Douglas’s collection, the C. Zutea,
Hook., in Flora Bor—Americana, though it does not accord in all respects
with the description and figure. From the head-waters of the Platte to the
Columbia. Frequent in the dry valleys of Nevada, and collected by Palmer
(1870) in Southern Utah; May—August. (131.)

CLEOME ? Small, (6’ high,) branched from the base; leaves
3-foliolate ; leaflets (4-7 long) oblanceolate ; flowers in loose few-flowered ra-

 

cemes ; sepals distinct; petals oblong, (5” in length,) yellow; stamens unequal,
scarcely exceeding the petals; pods linear-oblong—Apparently distinct from
the last, but the single early specimen is insufficient for a definite specific
description. Found near Humboldt Lake, Nevada; May. (182.)

CLromE sparsironis. Annual glabrous; stem flexuous, diffusely
branched; leaves simple or 3-foliolate; leaflets small, oblong, entire, shortly
petiolulate, mucronate, distant; stipules setaceous, scanty or wanting; floral
bracts minute; flowers in loose racemes; sepals minute, distinct; petals oblong-
lanceolate; filaments equal and nearly equaling the petals, the anthers a half
shorter; pod linear, 4-6 times longer than the stipe—Stem 1° high, nearly
naked, with small (2—3” long) scattered leaves; flowers large, yellow; petals
(3” long) with a broad claw and a large somewhat 2-lobed nectariferous scale
on the inner base; siliques 1’ in length. In Carson Desert, near Ragtown,
Nevada. August. Prate V. Fig. 1. A small plant; natural size. Fig. 2
and 3. A flower and petal ;- enlarged four diameters. (133.)

 

_'CLEOME, L. Sepals distinct or somewhat united. Stamens 6, or rarely 4. Torus minute.
Pod linear or oblong, subsessile or stipitate——Annual herbs, or shrubs, with digitate or,.simple leaves
and racemed or solitary flowers. Brntu. & Hook. ;
PLATE Y

 

CLEOME SPARSIFOLIA.
CATALOGUE. 33

CLEOMELLA’ PARVIFLORA, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad., 6. 520. Slender,
diffusely branched ; leaflets and the simple bracts linear; flowers small, on
elongated filiform pedicels; pod obovate-globose, the stipe scarcely exceeding
the calyx, and the style very short; seeds smooth.—3-8’ high, with very small
flowers, (the petals and equal stamens about 4” in length,) and with capsules
about 13’ in diameter. Collected by Anderson near Carson City, and by
Cooper near Fort Mohave in Western Arizona. In wet subalkaline soil
on Dry Creek, Monitor Valley, Nevada; July. (134.)

CLEOMELLA PLocaspERMA. Low, $-1° high, slender, diffusely branched ;
leaflets and the simple bracts linear-oblong ; racemes many-flowered ; flowers
small, pale yellow, on filiform pedicels; stamens equaling the petals; pods
somewhat 2-horned, shorter than the stipe ; style short; seeds oblong-ovate,
mottled brown, tessellated under the microscope.—Very near the last and also
to C. Mexicana, but distinguished from both by the seed especially, which is
more ovate, (a half longer than broad,) the surface finely marked like parti-
colored braid-work. The flowers are twice larger than in the last and more
densely racemed, and the broader capsule is upon a stipe 2 in length. Near
the Hot Springs in Ruby Valley, Nevada; September. It is also 28 Torrey,
from “sterile saline plains, Humboldt County.” C. angustifolia, Torr., of
Texas and Colorado, (distributed in the Colorado collections by mistake under
the name of C. tenuifolia,) has a rugose seed of similar shape. In authentic
specimens of C. Mexicana, the pods are less prominent at the apex or even de-
pressed with the horns projecting forward, the short style usually deciduous ;
seeds. bluntly ovate, almost globular, and nearly smooth; flowers as in the
present species. (135.)

CLEOMELLA LonerpEs, Torr. P/. Wright. 1.11. Leaflets spatulate-obovate
or narrowly oblong, obtuse or retuse, entire or serrulate-scabrous upon the
margins, shortly mucronate; racemes usually many-flowered, becoming elon-
gated; upper bracts simple, petioled, mucronate; sepals ovate, acute; petals
oval to linear-oblong, shorter than the filaments; ovary twice longer than the
style and several times shorter than the stipe; capsule retuse, somewhat

 

1CLEOMELLA, DC. Sepals distinct, short and spreading. Torus short, oblong. Stamens 6, in-
curved in estivation. Pod short, obovate-rhomboidal, 4-8-seeded, with reticulate deltoid or boat-shaped
Saccate valves, and upon a filiform stipe. Seeds smooth, pitted or variously reticulated ; embryo condu-
plicate; radicle elongated.—Annual glabrous herbs with stipulate 3-foliolate leaves, entire leaflets, and
racemed leafy-bracted yellow flowers. BENTH. & Hook.

5
34 : BOTANY.

9-horned, about half the length of the stipe; seeds nearly orbicular or broadly
oval, very minutely rugose.—1—2° high, branching; leaflets 3-1’ long;
flowers usuallybright yellow; seeds less than 1” in length; stipe 3-# long,
equaling the pedicel. The specimens resemble 857 Wright, 1851, which,
though much larger than the plants of Gregg and Berlandier, has exactly the
same seeds. Sonora and other States of Northern Mexico. Hot Springs of
Grass Valley, foot of Havallah range, Nevada; June. (136.)

Var. (?) GRanprrLora. Leaflets ovate or orbicular; bracts similar, con-
spicuous, setaceously mucronate; sepals long-acuminate; capsules beaked
with the long slender style ; flowers showy, bright yellow, but variable in size,
the petals 1-4” long upon the same plant; seeds 1” or more in length, dark
colored, with the surface more or less rugose or irregularly pitted. The same
as 89 Anderson, from near Carson City, and perhaps a distinct species.
Truckee Valley and foot-hills of the West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada;
5,000 feet altitude; May, June. (137.)

Pouanisia UNIGLANDULOSA, DC. Glandular-pubescent; leaves 3-folio-
late, leaflets and bracts oblong-lanceolate; stamens 8-16; style longer than -
the ovary; pods linear-oblong, attenuate at base; seeds turgid, rough and
warty.—A low small-flowered form, (the petals 2-4’ long,) with the capsules
short-stipitate, and equivalent to P. trachysperma, T. & G. From Western
Texas and New Mexico northward to the Platte. Found in Truckee Valley,
Nevada, and in Salt Lake Valley; July, August. (138.)

VIOLACEZ.

VioLa PaLusTRIs, L. White Mountains of New Hampshire, and mount-
ains of Colorado, Utah, Oregon, and California. Found in the Uintas and
Wahsatch ; 7-8,000 feet altitude; July. (139.)

Viota cucuLuaTA, Ait. From the Arctic Circle to Florida and west, but
more rare, to the Rio Grande and the Rocky Mountains. It is also reported
from Southern California and from the Willamette Valley, Oregon. Found
in the Pah-Ute range, Battle Mountains, and Ruby Valley, Nevada, and in
the Wahsatch ; 6,000 feet altitude; May—August. (140.)

Viota canina, L. From the upper section of the Southern States to
latitude 59°, in the Rocky Mountains from Colorado northward, and frequent
on the Pacific Coast as far south as Monterey. Found in the East Humboldt
Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch and Uintas; 4,500-7,000, and in
CATALOGUE. 35

a single locality at 10,000 feet altitude ; May-September. Varying much in
size and habit with the locality. (141.)

VioLa canaDensis, L. From Hudson’s Bay to North Carolina, west to
the Rocky Mountains and New Mexico, (Fendler;) Washington Territory,
(Douglas.) Rarely collected westward. Found in the Wahsatch in a single
locality ; 7,000 feet altitude; July. (142.)

Viota Nutraruu, Pursh. Stem short, erect; leaves ovate-lanceolate,

somewhat pubescent or nearly glabrous, nearly entire, attenuated into a long
petiole; stipules lanceolate, entire or obscurely ciliate-toothed ; sepals lanceo-
late, acuminate; flowers small, yellow, the spur very short—Colorado and on
the Upper Missouri and Saskatchewan, west to Oregon and California.
Found in the East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch and
Uintas; 6-8,000 feet altitude; June, July. In all the specimens the stems
are very short and mostly decumbent, but a single pedicel equaling the
leaves. (143.)
"Var. PRAMORSA. (V. premorsa, Dougl.) Hirsute or very pubescent;
leaves repandly denticulate ; stipules often laciniately toothed; petals more
or less tinged with brown. On the Pacific Coast from Vancouver to Califor-
nia. In the Washoe Mountains near Carson City; 5-6,000 feet altitude ;
April. (144.)

Var. venosa. A small subalpine form; more or less pubescent; leaves
ovate or sometimes rhomboidal, cordate or truncate at base, conspicuously
purple-nerved ; flowers purplish-yellow, small—Low, (2-3! high,) showing
the same tendency to the elongation of a single pedicel from each stem. It
much resembles V. pedunculata, but the flowers are only a third as large.
Frequent in the mountains from the West Humboldt to the Wahsatch, usually
near-the snow-line; 6—9,000 feet altitude; May-July. (145.)

Viota Becxwirnu, T.&G. Pac. R.R. Surv., (Beckwith’s Rep.) 2.119,
t.1. Subcaulescent ; ascending stems abbreviated ; cauline leaves biternately
or pedately parted, decurrent on the margined petiole, the lobes or segments
oblong-linear, hirsute-puberulent ; stipules minute, scarious, entire; sepals
linear, obtuse, ciliolate ; lower petal barely saccate at the base, purple, with
yellow claws, the two upper shorter and deep violet.—Foliage somewhat like
that of V. delphinifolia, but the primary division compoundly divided in a ter-
nate or pinnatisect manner; stem distinct; leaf-lobes 2’ or less in length;
stipules very small and inconspicuous, except those of the lowest leaves ;
36 BOTANY.

peduncles 2’ long, naked; petals 2’ long ; style short, clavate,. minutely
bearded at the gibbous summit; stigma lateral. Discovered by Beckwith in
Agate Pass of the Quartz Mountains, Nevada.

CARYOPHYLLACEZ.

Saponaria VaccartA, L. (Vaccaria vulgaris, Host.) Introduced ; about
the Mormon settlements in Utah, and thence westward to Reese Valley,
Nevada. (146.)

Sitene acavuuis, L. Greenland and throughout Arctic America to lati-
tude 54°; White Mountains, New Hampshire ; Rocky Mountains, Colorado ;
Wind River Mountains, Wyoming, (Frémont.) In the Uintas, Utah, and
East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 10-12,000 feet altitude; August. (147.)

SirevE Doveuasu, Hook. Minutely pubescent ; stems erect, very slen-
der; leaves remote, narrowly oblanceolate, attenuated at each end; flowers few,
or sometimes solitary, on slender opposite peduncles ; calyx oblong, at length
inflated, abrupt at the base; petals bifid—Stems numerous from a perennial
base, 4-2° high, simple; leaves 3-6 pairs, 1-2’ long; petals light-pink; cap-
sule with a long (14) pubescent stipe; seeds tuberculate-crested upon the
margin. Collected by Douglas and Nuttall on the Oregon side of the Rocky
Mountains, by Torrey and Brewer in the Sierra Nevada, and by Anderson
near Carson City. Frequent in the East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and
in the Wahsatch ; 7—9,000 feet altitude; May-July. (148.)

Var. (7) With stems more strict, leaves oblong-lanceolate, calyx cylin-
drical and longer, (7-8”,) and petals less deeply bifid. (149.)

SILENE ANTIRRHINA, L. From Canada to Florida and westward to the
Pacific. Found on the foot-hills of the Wahsatch and around Salt Lake
Valley. (150.)

Sitene Menzies, Hook. Minutely glandular-pubescent ; stems numer-
ous, dichotomously branched, (6—12' high,) weak, ascending, leafy to the sum-
mit; leaves crowded, ovate-lanceolate or oblong-ovate, acuminate, tapering to
the base; peduncles axillary and terminal, 1-flowered; petals white, bifid,
(3” long,) exceeding the obovate calyx; styles bearded within—-From the
Slave River to Oregon and southward to California and New Mexico. Found
in the Truckee, Toyabe, and East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and in the
Wahsatch ; 6—7,000 feet altitude; May—August. (151.)

Lycunis apetana, L. (Melandryum, Fenzl.) Pubescent; stem simple ;
CATALOGUE. oy

calyx ovoid, 10-striate, finally inflated, including the petals; seeds arilled.
—On the Arctic coast from Greenland to Behring Strait, and southward to
Labrador and the Saskatchewan; collected also in the Rocky Mountains of
Colorado, and now on the Uinta Mountains, Utah; 12,000 feet altitude;
August. ‘The specimens approach closely to the typical form of the species;
stems, (1-flowered, 3-4’ high,) nerves of the calyx and margins of the leaves
glandular-pubescent ; petals not exceeding the calyx; seeds large and mar-
gined ; filaments and claws of the petals naked. The leaves are thin, nearly
glabrous, and scarcely at all ciliated at base. (152.)

Lycunis Asanensis, Regel. (?) Budl. de Mosc., 1861, p.564. Leaves and
stem clothed with a dense short pubescence, which becomes glandular above
end upon the calyx; leaves ciliated at the base; petals shortly exserted, pur-
plish; claws and filaments ciliated; seeds small, nearly immarginate——This
plant certainly resembles closely that of Siberia, differing only in the less
exserted corolla and in the glandular character of the pubescence. Like the
last in size and habit, and growing with it, but distinguishable at sight. (153.)

Lycuyis Drummonpi. (Silene Drummondii, Hook. ?) Glandular-pubes-
cent and viscid; stems erect, strict, simple; leaves remote, linear-lanceolate ;
raceme loose, few-flowered, with the elongated pedicels alternate or opposite;
calyx oblong-cylindrical, erect—Stems several, 1-3° high; flowers 3-5;
petals white or purplish, the limb 2-lobed or emarginate, scarcely exceeding
the calyx, minutely crowned and narrower than the obtusely strongly auricled
claw ; seeds reniform, uniformly tuberculated under the microscope, immar-
ginate. The species is reported from Fort Vancouver and east to the
Saskatchewan, from Oregon and Northern California, Western Arizona, New
Mexico, Colorado, and Wyoming. The specimens in the herbariums of Dr.
Gray and Dr. Torrey differ, like these, from British American specimens as
described by Hooker'and by Rohrback, in being decidedly a Lychnis, with
5 (very rarely 4) styles, and a 5-(very rarely 4-) toothed capsule, which is
also more or less stipitate, and not at all 3-celled at base. In the Weber
and Bear River Valleys and in the Uintas; 69,000 feet altitude; June—
August. (154.)

Lycunis nupa. Minutely pubescent; stems erect, slender; leaves nar-
rowly oblanceolate, the cauline nearly linear, 2-3 pairs; flowers few, (2-5,)
on slender alternate pedicels; calyx obovate, becoming much inflated ; limb of
thé petals 4-lobed, exceeding the calyx; capsule upon a very short thick
stipe; seeds tuberculately margined.—With the habit of Svlene Douglasi,
38 BOTANY.

but with more naked stems, 1-2° high; calyx 6” long, marked with 10.
broad green lines, shorter than the mature capsule; petals apparently white.
Havallah Range and the East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 6—9,000
feet altitude; June-August. (155.)

Crrastium nutans, Raf. From Hudson's Bay and Canada south to North
Carolina, and west to the Pacific. The only reported localities west of the
Mississippi are the Santa Fé Mountains, (Fendler,) and the headwaters of the
Missouri, (Stevens.) Collected by Anderson near Carson City; found in the
Diamond Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch ; 5-6,000 feet altitude;
June, July. (156.)

Crrastium vuieatum, L., Var. Benrineranum, Gray. Flowers large,
petals and capsule half longer than the calyx, shorter than the pedicels; stems
few (2-4)-flowered. Kotzebue Sound, and Rocky Mountains of Colorado,
Uinta Mountains, Utah; 10,000 feet altitude ; August. (157.)

CERASTIUM ARVENSE, L. Canada to Georgia, and west to Colorado and
Oregon. In the Uinta Mountains; 8,000 feet altitude ; July. (158.)

Sreuaria Jamusu, Torr. Viscidly pubescent; leaves lanceolate, slightly
falcate, closely sessile; cyme divaricate; petals 2-lobed, twice longer than
the oblong acute sepals—Stems weak, 1-2° high; leaves usually 2° or less
in length; capsule equaling the calyx, deeply valved. Rocky Mountains,
Colorado; Sandia Mountains, New Mexico; California, (Brewer.) Toyabe
and East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch ; 6—9,000 feet
altitude; May—August. (159.)

SreLLaRIA LONGIPES, Goldie. Maine- to Wisconsin, north to Arctic
America, and west to Colorado, Oregon, and California. In the Toyabe
Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch and Uintas; 6—8,000 feet alti-
tude; June, July. (160.)

STELLARIA BOREALIS, Big. With the same range as the last. Found in
the Uinta Mountains; 8,000 feet altitude; August. (161.)

STELLARIA cRassiFouia, Ehrh. Kentucky ‘and northward;” California,
(4718 Bolander;) Behring Strait. Found in the East Humboldt Mountains,
Nevada, near Unionville ; 5,000 feet altitude; June. (162.)

STELLARIA UMBELLATA, Turcz. Glabrous; stem weak; leaves ovate to
oblong-lanceolate; peduncles axillary and terminal, divaricate, filiform and elon-
gated, with scarious bracts; petals wanting; sepals short, (1’’ long,) ovate,
acute, nerveless or 1-nerved, (rarely 3-nerved;) capsule deeply valved, twice
CATALOGUE. 39

longer than the calyx; seeds smooth—Stem 6’-1° high. The character is
drawn from Colorado and Utah specimens. S. gracilis, Rich., and S. borealis,
var. r., Hook., which are referred by Planchon to this species, have 2-parted
petals, longer than the sepals. From Hudson’s Bay to the Rocky Mountains,
lat. 52-62°, and in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado. Found in the East
Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch and Uintas ; 9-10,000
feet altitude; July, August. (163.)

Stetnaria Kiner. Glabrous below, glandular-pubescent above ; stems
strict, erect, numerous, from a somewhat woody base; leaves linear-setaceous,
rigid, shorter than the internodes, mucronate, ciliate; petals deeply bifid,
scarcely longer than the acute pubescent scarious-margined 1-nerved sepals ;
bracts ovate-acute, scarious ; capsules becoming half longer than the (14 long)
calyx, and dehiscing with 6 nearly equal teeth—Stems 3-4’ high, somewhat
cespitose. Hast Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 9,000 feet altitude; July.
Puate VI. Fig. 1. Stems; natural size. Fig. 2. A node and leaves.
Fig. 3. A flower, laid open; both enlarged four diameters. (164.)

ARENARIA CONGESTA, Nutt. Ceespitose, glabrous; leaves long, linear-subu-
late, pungent; flowers in roundish compact heads, with crowded membra-
nous bracts; sepals ovate, acute, membranous, obscurely 3-nerved, about
half the length of the oblong petals; capsule equaling the calyx; seeds
smooth.—Stem 6’—1° high, simple. Bear River Valley, (Nuttall;) Wind River
Mountains, Wyoming, (Frémont ;) Oregon, (Spalding.) Found in the Uinta
Mountains, Utah; 8-10,000 feet altitude; July. (165.)

ARENARIA FORMOSA, Fisch. (A. nardifolia, Ledeb.) ‘ Leaves linear-seta-
ceous, scabrous-ciliate ; stems erect, simple, and with the peduncles viscidly
pilose ; panicle trichotomous, few-flowered; sepals thick, obtuse, the inner ones
very broad and pilose-glandular, half shorter than the obovate petals.”—The
present specimens are nearly glabrous, with the stems rather stout and strict,
(5-10' hhigh,) from a woody caudex showing 20 annual rings; leaves 1-2’
long, somewhat scabrous on the margin, lower ones rarely fascicled, mucro-
nate, and the mucro frequently curved; corymbs rather crowded; the short
peduncles and ovate abruptly acute sepals glandular-pubescent; petals twice
longer and the capsule becoming half (or frequently twice) longer than the
calyx; uppermost bracts scabrous. Specimens in Herb. Gray of Tolmie from
Mount Ranier, Palmer’s 355 from Fort Whipple, Arizona, Lyall’s from the
Cascade Mountains, from the Kootanie and the Rocky Mountains, and Tor-
40 BOTANY.

rey’s 37 from near Donner Pass, appear to he the same—varying in the degree
of pubescence, leafiness of the stem, and amount of fasciculation, covering both
nardifolia, Ledeb., and lychnidea, Bieb. Wahsatch Mountains; 6,000 feet
altitude; August. First collected by Richardson on the Arctic Coast. (166.)

ArenaRIA Fenpuert, Gray. Plant. Fendl., p. 13. Stems numerous from
a perennial caudex, simple, glabrous, imbricately many-leaved at base ; leaves
long, erect, setaceous, somewhat flattened, scabrous-serrulate, glabrous ; cymes
strict, few-flowered, and with the sepals glandular-pubescent; pedicels slen-
der; sepals ovate-lanceolate, cuspidate-acuminate, green, with a broad scari-
ous margin, 3-nerved, nearly equaling the obovate petals; styles exserted ;
capsule about equaling the calyx, 6-valved; seeds obliquely obovate, with a
minute uncinate micropyle, papillose-scabrous; embryo horseshoe-shaped.
Var. GLABRESCENS. Nearly glabrous throughout; the sepals shorter, broadly-
ovate, acute; leaves short. It is nearly 70 Hall & Harbour. Found in the
Toyabe Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch; 5-6,000 feet altitude;
May-July. The species has been collected in Northern Arizona, New Mex-
ico, and Colorado. (167.)

Var. susconcesta. Glabrous throughout ; flowers more or less clustered
upon short pedicels, or the lateral ones sessile; bracts broad and scarious;
petals but little exceeding the ovate acuminate scarious sepals—aA low (6’
high) nearly subalpine form, from the East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada;
7-9,000 feet altitude; July. Collected also by Burke in Southern Idaho,
and specimens gathered by Newberry in Northern Arizona and by Anderson
near Carson City approach it nearly. It is in several respects intermediate
between congesta and formosa, but seems more closely allied, through the last
variety, with the true A. Fendleri. (168.)

ARENARIA PUNGENS, Nutt. Ceespitose, minutely glandular-pubescent ;
leaves rigid, subulate, canaliculate, pungent, 3-nerved ; sepals lanceolate, ob-
scurely 3-nerved, as long as the oblong-ovate petals—Stems 2—4’ high, usually
forming crowded tufts ; leaves 3-6” long. Collected by Nuttall in the Rocky
Mountains, in lat. 41°, and by Brewer and Bolander in California. Found
in the West and East Humboldt Mountains, and in Diamond Valley, Nevada;
6-9,000 feet altitude; June, July. (169.)

ARENARIA ACULEATA. Czespitose, glabrous; leaves fascicled at the ex-
tremities of numerous short mostly barren shoots, glaucous, rigid, subulate,
aculeate ; stems nearly naked, somewhat scabrous above; flowers few, (6-8,) on
CATALOGUE. 41

long slender erect pedicels; sepals ovate, acute, 3-5-nerved, shorter than the
petals; capsule becoming twice longer than the calyx, splitting into 3
2-toothed valves; seeds oblong or orbicular, compressed, smooth.-—Stems 6'
high; the numerous sterile shoots matted; leaves 6-9’ long, recent ones a
bright emerald-green, the old persistent and purplish; petals somewhat
emarginate or erose-dentate at apex. Frémont’s Pass, East Humboldt
Mountains, Nevada; 6,500 feet altitude ; in fruit, August. (170.)

ARENARIA VERNA, L. Czspitose, pubescent or glabrous; leaves linear-
subulate, 3-nerved, erect; cyme erect, few- or many-flowered ; sepals ovate,
acute, 3-nerved, mostly exceeding the petals—Greenland, Arctic America,
Oregon, and the Rocky Mountains of Colorado. Uinta Mountains, Utah ;
11,000 feet altitude; August. (171.)

Var. HIRTA, Fenzl. Leaves minutely hirsute, obtuse. Greenland and
Behring Strait. Found with the last. (172.)

ARENARIA ARCTICA, Stev. Czespitose; leaves linear-subulate, obtuse,
fleshy, minutely ciliate; peduncles glandular-pubescent, 1- (rarely 2~3-) flow-
ered; petals about twice longer than the very obtuse 3-nerved sepals. Var.
optusa, T. & G. Leaves obscurely 3-nerved, carinate, serrulate-ciliate, the
obtuse petals but half longer than the oblong sepals——Stems 1-3’ high, often
scarcely exceeding the leaves; capsule shorter or longer than the calyx.
Specimens have the petals linear and the stamens very short, not one-fourth
the length of the calyx. Arctic Coast from Greenland to Behring Strait; the
variety in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado, and now in the East Hum-
boldt and Clover Mountains, Nevada, and in the Uintas; 10-12,000 feet
altitude ; August, September. (173.)

ARENARIA LATERIFLORA, L. From Rhode Island to Wisconsin, north to
lat. 60°, and west to the Rocky Mountains and Alaska. Found in the Uinta
Mountains, Utah; 7,000 feet altitude; July. (174.)

Sacina Linna, Presl. (S. decumbens, T. & G.) Mostly glabrous;
stems decumbent, branched, ascending, (1-3’ long ;) leaves linear-subulate,
very acute; peduncles much longer than the leaves; petals and sepals 5,
equal, obtuse; capsule a little longer than the calyx—The specimens are
almost wholly apetalous, glabrous, with narrowly linear leaves, which are

mostly mucronate; sepals oblong or ovate. Northwest Coast and Behring
6
42 BOTANY.

Strait; California, (Brewer ;) New Mexico, (Fendler,) and Colorado. Found
in the Wahsatch Mountains, Utah; 8,000 feet altitude; July. (175.)

SaGIna NivaLts, Fries (?) Czespitose; stems very short, erect; leaves
subulate, mucronate, glabrous; peduncles short, strict; sepals 5, ovate, ob-
tuse, with membranous margins, scarcely equaling the petals.—The single
specimen accords well with Norway specimens from Blytt, in Herb. Eaton.,
but differs from the character in its pointless leaves, and petals shorter than
the calyx. Stems very short, scarcely 4’ high, erect; leaves more subulate
than in the last; sepals margined with purple, broad-ovate and very obtuse.
Uinta Mountains, Utah ; 12,000 feet altitude ; August. (176.)

SpERGULARIA MEDIA, Presl. On the coast and in salt marshes from Florida
to Newfoundland, in Central British America from Lake Winnipeg to Bear
Lake, and from Washington Territory to California. Found at a salt spring
in Parley’s Park, (Wahsatch Mountains,) Utah ; 6,000 feet altitude; June,
July. (177)

PORTULACACE.

PortuLaca oOLERACEA, L. Near Unionville, Nevada. (W. W. Bailey.)
Introduced. (178.)

Tatinum pyamMaum, Gray. Proc. Amer, Acad. 7. 332. Acaulescent ;
root fusiform ; the linear leaves and 1—3-flowered scapes (1-2’ high) crowded;
sepals orbicular, glandular-dentate or entire, persistent ; petals white or rose-
color, 5-6; stamens 4-7; stigmas 3-5; seeds few (6) to many.—With
wholly the habit of a Claytonia; petals slightly united at base, unequal.
Rocky Mountains, Colorado; Sierra Nevada, California ; Cascade Mountains,
Washington Territory. Usually alpine or subalpine; in the East Humboldt
Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch and Uintas; 6-10,000 feet alti-
tude; June-August. (179.)

Cuaytonta Carotintana, Michx., Var. tanceouata. (C. lanceolata,
Pursh.) Cauline leaves ovate, lanceolate, or linear, sessile or short-petioled ;
petals more or less emarginate or entire, rose-color or white—This can
hardly be more than a variety of the eastern species. The leaves are very
variable in width, but never exceeding 1-2’ in length; the venation is the
same in both forms. Northern Arizona, (Ives,) and the Rocky Mountains
of Colorado and northward to lat. 52°. Havallah Range and East Hum-
CATALOGUE. 43

boldt Mountains, Nevada, and the Wahsatch; usually subalpine; 5-10,000
feet altitude; May—August. (180.)

CLAYTONIA UMBELLATA. Root tuberous, rounded; leaves orbicular
or somewhat rhomboidal, the radical on long petioles, the cauline a single
pair on petioles equaling the blade; flowers 3-5, in a terminal umbel; ped-
icels unequal, shorter than the leaves; sepals and petals obtuse—Among
rocks; Mt. Davidson and Truckee Pass, Nevada; 5-7,000 feet altitude;
April, May. Puate VI. Fig. 4: a plant; natural size. Fig. 5: A flower,
laid open; enlarged two diameters. (181.)

‘Cuayronta arctica, Adams. DC. Prodr.3. 361. Root fusiform; leaves
fleshy ; radical ones petioled, subspatulate, the cauline opposite, sessile, ovate ;
raceme secund ; flowers large, the petals obovate, subemarginate. Var. MEGA-
RuIzA, Gray. Amer. Jour. Sci., (n.s.,) 33.406. With the cauline leaves lance-
olate or linear-spatulate; raceme subsessile. Very variable in size of leaves
and flowers; the former 1-6’ long and 2-12” in width, and the petals 2-6’
long. Rocky Mountains of Colorado. Uinta Mountains, Utah; 11,000 feet:
altitude; August. (182.)

CLAYTONIA PERFOLIATA, Don. Stems and leaves numerous from an
annual fibrous root; radical leaves on slender petioles, broadly rhomboidal,
the cauline pair united into a single nearly orbicular perfoliate leaf; raceme
fascicled, sessile; petals entire or slightly emarginate—Stems 2-8’ high;
flowers small, white. On the Pacific slope, from Alaska to Southern Cali-
fornia, and in the Rocky Mountains. Found abundantly near Carson City,
and in the Trinity and West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and by Prof.
Eaton in the Wahsatch, near Salt Lake City, which is the most southern
and eastern known locality; 5,000 feet altitude; April-June. (183.)

Crayronta Cuamissonis, Esch. & Ledeb. (C. aquatica, Nutt.) Stems
erect or decumbent, stoloniferous and rooting at the joints; roots bulbiferous ;
leaves opposite, spatulate or oblong-obovate, attenuate below, rather obtuse ;
racemes apparently axillary, peduncled, simple, few-owered ; petals obovate,
entire, twice longer than the calyx—Stems becoming 1° in length; leaves
1-2’ long; flowers white, rather large. California to Alaska and eastward
in the Rocky Mountains to Colorado. Truckee Valley, Havallah Range, and
Battle Mountain, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch and Uintas; 5-8,000 feet
altitude; May-July. (184.)
44 BOTANY.

Spracueat uMBELLATA, Torr. Plant. Frémont., p. 4, t. 1. Perennial,
with a short and thick caudex and subfusiform root; leaves obovate-spatulate,
obtuse, entire; stems several, (2—4’ high,) with remote and smaller leaves ;
spikes numerous, leafless, short-peduncled, with ovate membranous bracts at
base, in a terminal umbel or rarely somewhat panicled; flowers on short ped-
icels; petals shorter than the sepals; style slender, equaling the stamens ;
stigma more or less lobed.—Northern California and near Mt. Adams, Wash-
ington Territory. At the Steamboat Springs and on the East Humboldt
Mountains, Nevada, at 5,000 and 10,000 feet altitude respectively ; May and
August. (185.)

SprAGuEA PANICULATA, Kell. Proc. Calif. Acad. 2. 187, ¢. 56. Stems
decumbent or prostrate, leafy-paniculate ; leaves mostly radical, nearly equal-
ing the stems, very minutely villous.—Possibly an unusually paniculate form
of the last. Collected by C. H. Dorr at west base of Mt. Davidson, Nevada.

Catyprripium? Roseum. Glabrous, diffusely branched, decumbent; leaves
alternate, oblong-spatulate, obtuse, attenuate at the base; radical leaves few
or none; flowers in numerous axillary and terminal peduncled scorpioid
racemes; sepals very unequal, nearly orbicular; petals minute, rounded-
oblong, free or attached at the apex; capsule oblong-ovate, not exceeding
the calyx, 6-12-seeded—Stems 3-6’ long, prostrate; leaves 1’ or less in
length, The generic description below is slightly changed from that given
by Nuttall, and by Bentham and Hooker, to include the present species.
Found in the Truckee and Monitor Valleys, and also collected by Dr. Torrey
near Empire City, Nevada; 4,200-5,500 feet altitude; May and July. Puars
VI. Fig. 6. Aplant; natural size. Fig. 7. A flower, laid open and the petals
removed. Fig. 8. A mature capsule; both enlarged four diameters. (186.)

Lewist4® rEDIvIvA, Pursh. Root fleshy, fusiform; leaves densely im-
bricated on the short thick caudex, linear-oblong, thick and succulent; scapes

 

1SPRAGUEA, Torr. Sepals 2, orbicular-cordate, membranous-hyaline, persistent. Petals 4, hypo-
gynous. Stamens 3, opposite to the petals and adherent to them at base. Ovary free, 8-10-ovuled; style
pifid. Capsule membranous, 2-valved, globose-ovoid, compressed. Seeds laterally compressed, subreni-
form, shining.—Glabrous herbs with radical spatulate somewhat fleshy leaves, small scarious stipules, and
flowers imbricate in dense scirpoid umbeled terminal spikes. Brntu. & Hoo.

2CALYPTRIDIUM, Nurr. Sepals 2, broadly ovate or orbicular, nearly flat, hyaline, persistent.
Petals 2, somewhat adherent at apex, alternate with the sepals. Stamen 1, inserted opposite the lower
sepal. Ovary free, few-ovuled; style veryshort, bifid. Capsule oblong or oblong-linear, hyaline, 2-valved.
Seeds laterally compressed, orbicular, shining.—Annual diffuse herbs, with small flowers in subpaniculate
racemes. Brentu. & Hook.

3LEWISIA, Pursn. Sepals 4-8, broadly ovate, persistent. Petals 8-10. Stamens numerous.
Ovary free, many-ovuled; style deeply 5-8-parted. Capsule globose, dehiscing transversely at base,
sub-6-valved. Seeds reniform-globose or compressed. Brntu. & Hook.
PLATE Vl

 

1-3. STELLARIA KINGII. 45 CLAYTONIA UMBELLATA . 6-8. CALYPTRIDIUM ROSEUM
CATALOGUE. 45

short and fleshy, 1—flowered, articulated above the middle, where they are
involucrate with 5-7 subulate membranous verticillate scales; sepals some-
what hyaline; petals rose-color, 6-15" long; capsule 3” long, many-seeded;
cotyledons accumbent.—Plant sometimes green with white flowers, but more
often purplish; very tenacious of life. Mountains, from Oregon to Northern
California and Utah; Northern Arizona, (Ives.) Frequent through Nevada,
and also found on Pilot Rock Point at the south end of Salt Lake; 5-6,000
feet altitude; May, June. (187.)

Lerwisia BRACHYCALYX, Eng. Proc. Amer. Acad. 7. 400. Leaves spat-
ulate or nearly linear; scape not jointed, 2-bracteate at the very base; calyx
herbaceous, decussately 4-sepaled, 2-3 times longer than the (7-9) cuneate-
obovate petals; stamens 10-15; stigmas 5~7, exceeding the style; cotyle-
dons incumbent.—Reported from Utah, (Dr. J. W. Brewer,) Western New
Mexico and Arizona.

ELATINEZ.

ExatineE Americana, Arn. Throughout the Northern States; Missouri,
Nebraska, and New Mexico. Collected by Dr. Torrey near Washoe Lake,
Nevada.

Berera’ Americana, Seubert. (Elatine,T. & G.) Diffusely branched
from the base ; stems ascending, puberulent; leaves oblong-spatulate, rather
acute, serrate, tapering into a short petiole; flowers on short pedicels, mostly
solitary in the axils—Stems 6-10’ high, glandular or hispid-pubescent ; sepals
denticulate, exceeding the narrowly oblong obtuse petals; stamens 5 or 10;
dehiscence septifragal, as in Edatine, the entire septum remaining attached to
the axis. Southern Texas. Found in Carson River Bottom, near Reed’s
Station; August. (188.)

HYPERICACEZ.

Hypericum Scoutert, Hook. Perennial, herbaceous; stems terete;
leaves oblong-ovate, closely sessile or clasping; cyme compound; sepals
broadly ovate, rather obtuse, one-third as long as the petals; stamens numer-

 

!BERGIA, L. Flowers pentamerous. Sepals acute, herbaceous, or usually costate with the margin
membranous-hyaline. Capsule subcrustaceous; dehiscence septicidal, with a greater or less width of the
septa adherent to the axis.—Prostrate or much-branched herbs or shrubs, (the single North American spe_
cies an erect annual,) often pubescent, with axillary solitary or cymosely fascicled flowers, larger than
in Llatine. Bunt. & Hook.
AG BOTANY.

ous, clustered; styles 3, distinct, erect; capsules tricarpellary.—Stems $-2°
high; leaves 2’ long, very obtuse; sepals, petals, and anthers dotted with black;
placente united to the middle. From Washington Territory and California
to Colorado, New Mexico, and Sonora. Banks of mountain streams through
Nevada and Utah; 6-8,000 feet altitude; June-September. (189.)

Hyrericum mutitum, L. (?) From Canada to Lake Winnipeg, and south-
ward to Florida, Arkansas, and Texas. A single specimen that perhaps
_ belongs to this species was collected in the East Humboldt Mountains at an
elevation of 9,000 feet; apparently annual; stem 3’ high, simple, quadrangu-
lar, 2-3-flowered; sepals broadly oval, obtuse, 13” long, equaling or exceeding
the oval petals; stamens about 18, distinct; capsule 1-celled, with 3 strictly
parietal placente, exceeding the calyx; black dots none. (190.)

MALVACE.

Srpatcea! MALV&ZFLORA, Gray. (Sida, DC.) Glabrous or somewhat his-
pid; lower. leaves roundish, more or less deeply 7-9 lobed, the cauline more
narrowly and deeply 5-7 lobed; segments somewhat toothed ; raceme termi-

nal; calyx tomentose, the lobes ovate, acute, or acuminate; styles 7-8.—
Stem 1-3° high, simple; radical leaves sometimes scarcely lobed, segments
of the cauline often linear and entire; flowers variable in size, 1-2’ in diam-
eter, occasionally white. From Washington Territory to Southern Cali-
fornia, Sonora, New Mexico, and Colorado. Meadows and stream banks
through Nevada and Utah; 6,000 feet altitude; June-September. The
large-flowered form has the petals emarginate, slightly oblique, and the outer
stamineal phalanges considerably longer than the inner. (191.)

Var. With smaller flowers, petals (8-6 long) more oblique, the inner
phalanges equaling or exceeding the outer. (192.)

Var. With sterile flowers, the petals nearly aborted and glandularly
ciliate. (193.) .

SIDALCEA CANDIDA, Gray. Plant. Fendi., p.24. Stem and petioles spar-
ingly hairy ; lower leaves orbicular, 7-lobed, smooth, ciliate, segments coarsely
3-5-toothed; upper leaves 7-lobed, (the floral ones 3—5-lobed,) segments

 

'SIDALCEA, Gray. Bractlets none. Calyx 5-cleft. Stamineal column double at top, the outer
of 5, and the inner of 10 phalanges of stamens. Ovary-cells 5-9, 1-ovuled; styles filiform, stigmatose on
the inner surface. Carpels membranous, beakless, indehiscent, separating from the short axis. Seed

ascending.—Perennial herbs, with rounded, mostly lobed or parted leaves, and flowers in a narrow ter-
minal raceme or spike, Bento. & Hoox.
CATALOGUE. 47

lanceolate, entire; stipules oval, ciliate; raceme short, dense, glandular-
tomentose ; pedicels very short; lobes of the tomentose calyx ovate; petals
white; carpels 9-10, smooth and glabrous, (minutely apiculate at the inner
angle,) mucronate.—Stem 2-3° high, simple; leaves often 8’ in diameter;
raceme leafy at base; petals 8-12” long; anthers blue. Rocky Mountains of
New Mexico and Colorado. Wahsatch Mountains, Utah; rare; 6,000 feet
altitude; July. (194.)

Ma.vasTRuM CoccINEuM, Gray. From the Saskatchewan to Mexico, and
west to the Rocky Mountains and Colorado River. Found on the foot-hills
near Salt Lake City and on Antelope Island, but not met with west of Salt
Lake. May, June. (195.)

Var. GROSSULARLEFOLIUM, Torr. Tall, (2° high;) leaves exceedingly
variable in degree of dissection; flowers large, petals often ?’ long. Collected
by Tolmie in Southern Idaho; by Wright in New Mexico, and also by Fré-
montand Stansbury. It is very frequent through Northern Nevada to the com-
plete exclusion of the low eastern form, with which it cannot be confounded,
though it would be difficult to find specific distinctions. The cells are always
1-ovuled. Specimens from the Goose Creek Mountains, Northwestern Utah,
approach M. pedatifidum, Gray, of ‘Texas and New Mexico, which, however,
has 1—-2-seeded carpels, and is therefore a good Spheraicea and apparently
the same as S. incana, var. dissecta. (196.)

Matvastrum Munroanum, Gray. (Malva, Dougl.) Scabrous with a
short stellate pubescence; leaves cordate-orbicular, (or cuneate at base and
subrhomboidal,) crenate, often somewhat 3-5-lobed; flowers more or. less
densely fascicled along the leafless upper branches, forming an interrupted
spike; bractlets setaceous; calyx more or less densely tomentose, the lobes
broad-triangular; corolla purple; carpels 10~12, nearly glabrous, not beaked.—
Stems 1-2° high, several from a woody base; with much the habit of the last,
but readily distinguished by the more fascicled flowers, which are also smaller,
(petals 4’ long,) and by the much less dissected leaves, which are rarely lobed
tothe middle. It varies much in the density of the pubescence, in the compact-
ness of the fascicles, of which the flowers are sometimes nearly sessile, and in
the size and obtuseness of the calyx-lobes. The segments of the leaves are
also either very obtuse or somewhat acuminate. From Washington Territory
to Southern California, Arizona, and Sonora. Found on Stansbury Island, in
48 BOTANY.

the Wahsatch Mountains, and Bear River Valley, Utah; 4,500-6,000 feet
altitude; June, July. (197.)

Spraratcea! Emory, Torr. Plant. Wright.1.21. More or less hoary
or fulvous-tomentose; stems several, from a woody base, usually simple, long
racemed at summit; leaves cordate at base, suborbicular, triangular or sub-
hastate, more or less deeply 3-5-lobed, crenate-dentate, long petioled; pe-
duncles 1-several-flowered; upper flowers fascicled; capsule subglobose,
tomentose, 12-15-carpeled; carpels mucronate——This species also is quite
variable, and includes without doubt S. Wrighti#, Gray. It is so frequently
the case that the carpels are 1-seeded, without trace of the upper ovule, that
it is sometimes difficult to distinguish this species from the last. It may,
indeed, be doubted whether they are not one It is intermediate between
S. incana and S. Lindheimeri, (which latter probably includes as a very
tomentose form Malvastrum Frémontii, Torr., whose carpels are occasionally
2-seeded,) differing from S. imcana chiefly in its larger flowers, fruit, and
calyx, the capsules more frequently mucronate above, and the fruit covered
with a denser stellate tomentum, which on boiling readily separates in mass.
S. incana, var. oblongifolia is S. Fendlert, Gray, and apparently nearly ap-
proaches S. angustifolia, Benth. The limits of these species are yet to be
accurately defined. Reported previously from Northern Mexico, New Mex-
ico, and Arizona, and not rare in the valleys of Nevada; 5—6,000 feet alti-
tude; May-July. (198.) Some of the specimens accord with others which
are placed with Malvastrum Munroanum, in every respect except that the
carpels are 2-seeded. (199.)

SIDALCEA ACERIFOLIA, Nutt. Scabrous with a stellate pubescence ; leaves
cordate, deeply 5—7-lobed ; lobes acute, coarsely serrate; racemes leafy below,
naked above, the flowers clustered on short peduncles; carpels 12-14, point-
less—Stem 3-6° high, much branched ; leaves 2—6’ in diameter ; petals 3-14’
in length, light purple or nearly white; carpels pilose, dehiscent on the back.
On the Columbia and its tributaries, from the Rocky Mountains to the ocean.
Found in the East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch ;
6—-8,000 feet altitude; June-September. (200.)

Smpa HEDERACEA, Torr. (Malva, Dougl.) Stellately pubescent; stem

 

1SPHARALCEA, Sr. Hitt. Characters nearly as in Malvastrum, but the carpels 2-ovuled, the
lower ovule ascending, the other pendulous, (often by abortion 1-seeded,) 2-valved, often truncate and
pointed above. Brentu. & Hook.
CATALOGUE. 49

short, herbaceous, procumbent; leaves reniform-cordate, oblique at the base,
crenate; peduncles axillary, solitary, 1-flowered; petals oblique, pubescent
externally, yellow; carpels 8-10, pointless—New Mexico to Sonora, Cali-
fornia, and Oregon. In Salt Lake Valley; June—October. (201.)

LINACEZ.

Linum PERENNE, L. Perennial, glabrous; leaves scattered, linear, acute;
flowers nearly opposite the leaves and terminal; peduncles becoming elon-
gated and nodding in fruit; sepals oval, with membranous margins, shorter
than the globose capsule; petals free, blue, retuse, 3-4 times exceeding the
calyx; styles 5; capsule 5-celled, with bearded dissepiments—Stems $-3°
high; flowers large. From Canada, west to the Pacific and north to the
Arctic Sea, and west of the Mississippi from Arkansas to Northern Mexico
and California. Frequent in Nevada and Utah; 5-10,000 feet altitude;
May-September. (202.)

Linum (Linastrum) Kivyeu. Perennial, glabrous; stems numerous,
ascending, panicled above; leaves alternate, linear or narrowly oblong,
obtuse ; glandular stipules none; flowers yellow, on pedicels longer than the
calyx; sepals ovate, acute, glandular-margined; petals free ; filaments dilated
at base; styles 5, free, equaling or a little exceeding the stamens; capsule
globose, cuspidate, 10-valved, somewhat longer than the calyx.—Stem 4’—1°
high, shrubby at base, the caudex sometimes showing 10 or more annual rings;
flowers showy, with petals 5” long; capsules 14” in diameter. In the Uinta
and Wahsatch Mountains ; 8-10,000 feet altitude; July, August. (203.)

GERANIACE.

Gerantum Ricuarpsonu, Fisch. & Mey. (G. albiflorum, Hook.) Very
near G, maculatum, L., from which it is distinguished by the much deeper
divisions of the style, (2~-3” long,) the pilose filaments, and the short dense
(rarely pilose) pubescence, which is somewhat glandular above—Stems 2°
high, numerous ; flowers of various shades of purple, or white. ‘The white-
flowered specimens are often more or less pilose, but show no other differ-
ence. G. Frémontii is of less size, with smaller leaves, which are more
truncate at base and less deeply and less sharply divided. In the Rocky
Mountains from New Mexico to the Saskatchewan ; also collected by Brewer

7
50 BOTANY.

in the Sierras, near Mono Pass. Abundant in the watered cafions of Nevada
and Utah; 5-8,000 feet altitude ; May—August. (204.)

Geranium Caroxinianum, L. From latitude 52° to Northern Mexico.
Found in the West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and in Utah in the
Wahsatch and on Antelope Island; rare; 5-7,000 feet altitude; June—
September. (205.) :

Var. Loneires. Peduncles usually solitary and, with the pedicels, much
elongated. This form is also frequent in California and is 111 Parry from
Colorado. (206.)

Eropium cicurartum, L’Her. Throughout the region west of the Rocky
Mountains, from New Mexico and Southern California to Washington Terri-
tory; sufficiently abundant in localities to be of value for pasturage. At
4-5,000 feet altitude; May—December. (207.) ,

Fiarxia proserpinacoipes, Willd. From Western New England and
Pennsylvania to Missouri. Found in Parley’s Park, in the Wahsatch Moun-
tains, Utah; 6,500 feet altitude; June. (208.)

RUTACEZ.

PreLea ANGUSTIFOLIA, Benth. A Péelea was reported by Mr. H. Custer,
of the Topographical Corps, as seen by him in the upper part of the
Wahsatch Range. No specimens were collected, and none was seen else-
where. It is probably this species, which occurs in New Mexico, Arizona,
and California; distinguished from P. ¢rifoliata by its much smaller and more
emarginate fruit, and by its oblong or lanceolate leaves, pubescent or villous,
becoming smooth and shining with age. (209.)

CELASTRINEZ.

PACHYSTIMA” MYRSINITES, Raf. (Oreophila myrtifolia, Nutt.) Stems 1-2°
high, very leafy; leaves roundish-oval or oblong, 3-9” long; flowers somewhat
fascicled, on short peduncles, small, green, or brownish, apparently always
perfect.—Found in flower in September and in the following May, and per-
fecting its fruitin July. From Washington Territory throughout the Rocky

 

1PACHYSTIMA, Rar. Petals and stamens 4, inserted on or below the margin of the broad flat
quadrangular disk that covers the small pyramidal ovary and adheres to the throat of the short obconic
4-lobed calyx. Style very short; stigma obsoletely 2-lobed. Capsule coriaceous, oblong, acute, 2-celled,
loculicidally 2-valved ; cells 1-2-seeded. Seeds inclosed in a white membranous dissected aril.—A low

branched leafy glabrous shrub, with opposite short-petioled mostly serrate evergreen leaves and axil-
lary flowers. Brntu. & Hook.
CATALOGUE. 51

Mountains to Colorado and New Mexico, and in Northern California. In the
Raft River and Wahsatch Mountains, Utah; 5—-7,000 feet altitude. (210.)

RHAMNEZ.

CEANOTHUS VELUTINUS, Dougl. Leaves round or ovate-elliptical, rather
obtuse, subcordate, glandularly crenate-serrulate, coriaceous, glabrous and
shining above, velvety-canescent and strongly 3-ribbed beneath; panicles
axillary, compound, on rather long peduncles. Var. tavicatus, T. & G.
Leaves nearly glabrous beneath—A densely growing shrub, usually 2~3°
high, with leaves 2-3’ long on 3’ petioles; flowers white. From Washington
Territory to Colorado and California. Frequent on the higher mountains
from the Washoe Range to the Wahsatch; 7—9,000 feet altitude; June—
September. The more pubescent form was not seen. (211.)

CEANOTHUS soREDIATUS, H.& A. Branches terete, resinous-verrucose ;
branchlets spreading, somewhat silky; leaves elliptic-ovate, obtuse, somewhat
coriaceous, glandular-denticulate, 3-ribbed, glabrous above, canescent beneath,
silky on the nerves; clusters many-flowered, dense, scarcely exceeding the
leaves; flowers blue; ovary without lobes—Frequent in California. Var.
GLABRA. Leaves (4-1’ long) glabrous or but slightly silky on the veins
beneath, mostly broadly ovate and subcordate, denticulate or entire ; flowers
white, in loose lateral panicles, longer than the leaves ; a low shrub of rather
slender habit, 2° high. Found only on the East Humboldt Mountains,
Nevada; 8,000 feet altitude ; in flower, July, August. (212.)

Cranotaus pivaricatus, Nutt. Branches terete, pruinose; branchlets
spreading, usually thorny; leaves elliptic-oblong or oblong-ovate, subcoriace-
ous, 3-nerved, minutely glandular-serrate, glabrous and shining above, paler
beneath and subpubescent especially on the nerves; panicles elongated and
spicate-racemose, densely flowered ; flowers blue, clustered ; ovary subglobose,
without protuberances. California and Eastern Oregon. Var. EGLANDULOSUS,
Torr. Pac. R. R. Surv. 4. 15. Leaves entire, very obtuse. California.
C. cordulatus, Kell., (in Proc. Calif. Acad., 2. 124, Fig. 39,) from the Washoe
Mountains, Nevada, is probably this variety, with whitish flowers and ovate-
cordate, often emarginate leaves.

Creanoraus prostratus, Benth. Plant. Hartw., p. 302. Prostrate,
glabrous, much branched; branches and leaves opposite; leaves cuneate,
tricuspidate, (sometimes oblanceolate and entire, often obovate-cuneate and
52 BOTANY.

spinose-toothed to the middle,) coriaceous, pinnately veined; flowers blue,
subumbeled, terminal—lEvergreen, matting the ground; young leaves
silky-canescent ; capsule usually solitary, with 3 strong protuberances, 4” in
diameter. Sierras of Northern and Middle California. J’ound only on the
Washoe Mountains, Nevada, under pines; 5-7,500 feet altitude; May.
(213.)

SAPINDACE.

ACER GRANDIDENTATUM, Nutt. Leaves cordate or truncate at base, rather
deeply 3-lobed, with broad round sinuses ; lobes rather acute, coarsely sinuate-
dentate; the umbel-like corymb nearly sessile, few-flowered, the pedicels
long and nodding; fruit glabrous, with diverging wings.—Collected by
Nuttall, probably in the Wahsatch, and by Douglas on the head-waters of
the Columbia. Frequent in the cafons of the Wahsatch, rarely attaining 1°
in diameter and 30—-40° in height. The leaf has the outline of that of A.
macrophyllum, but is only 3-5’ in breadth. Fruit broadly winged, 1’ long.
(214.)

AcER GLABRuM, Torr. (A. ¢ripartitum, Nutt.) Leaves subreniform-
orbicular in outline, 3-lobed or more usually 3-parted, the segments short
and broad, acutely incised and toothed, somewhat 3-lobed, the middle one
cuneate ; corymb umbeled, pedunculate, few-flowered; sepals about 8, linear-
oblong; petals wanting; fruit glabrous, wings ‘broad, diverging —A shrub,
6-10° high, with variable foliage. From Washington Territory to Colorado,
New Mexico, and California. Rare in the Kast Humboldt Mountains, Nevada;
more frequent in the Wahsatch and Uintas; 6-10,000 feet altitude. (215.)

Necunpo acerowes, Mench. From Florida to Pennsylvania and Wis-
consin and northward, on the Red River and Saskatchewan, to latitude 54°;
in the valleys of the Rocky Mountains from New Mexico northward, and in
California. Found only in the Wahsatch, Utah, but there very abundant ;
5-6,000 feet altitude. (216.)

ANACARDIACE.

Raus exvasra, L. From West Florida to the Mississippi, northward to
Canada and the Saskatchewan, and westward in the Indian Territory and
CATALOGUE. 53

Northern New Mexico; reported also from Oregon. Found only on the foot-
hills of the Wahsatch in Salt Lake Valley. (217.)

Raus Toxtcopeypron, L. From Florida to the Rocky Mountains of
New Mexico, and northward to Canada and the Saskatchewan; also on Mt.
Hood and the Blue Mountains of Oregon, (Douglas.) Found only in the
Wahsatch and on Antelope Island, Salt Lake; 5,000 feet altitude. (218.)

Raus aromatica, Ait., Var. rrmopatTa, Gray. (R. ¢rilobata, Nutt.)
Leaves small, rarely exceeding 1’ in length, usually glabrous; leaflets lobed,
the divisions entire or sparingly crenate—Growing in dense leafy clumps,
3-6° high, and having a heavy disagreeable odor. It is the prevalent
western form, extending from Western Texas to Southern California, and
throughout the Rocky Mountains to the Upper Missouri. Found on the
foot-hills around Salt Lake Valley and at the north base of the Raft River
Mountains, Utah. (219.)

LEGUMINOS.

THERMOPSIS FABACEA, DC., Var. Montana, Gray. (S. montana, Nutt.)
Somewhat silky-pubescent ; leaflets (1—-3’ long) lanceolate, cuneate at base ;
stipules oblong-ovate, equaling or exceeding the petioles ; legumes (2—3’ long)
linear, erect, nearly straight, somewhat silky, about 10-seeded.—Stems numer-
ous, branched, 1-2° high. S. macrophylla is apparently quite distinct. From
Southern California to New Mexico, and northward in the mountains to the
Columbia. On stream banks in Nevada and Utah, rather rare and usually
solitary ; 5-6,000 feet altitude; June-August. (220.)

Lupinus pusituus, Pursh. Annual, low, very hirsute branching from the
base ; leaflets 3-7, (more usually 5,) obovate-lanceolate, narrowed at the base,
rather obtuse, smoother above; racemes spicate, usually short-peduncled ;
flowers alternate; bracts persistent; calyx ebracteolate, the upper lip
2-toothed, shorter than the obscurely 3-toothed lower one; legumes hirsute,
about 2-seeded; seeds orbicular, flattened.—Stems 3-9" high; racemes often
on very short peduncles, 1--2’ long; flowers light-blue, wings equaling the
keel; legumes 3’ long; seeds 14-2” in diameter. From New Mexico and
Arizona to the Platte, California, and Washington Territory. Found in the
valleys of Western Nevada; 5,000 feet altitude; May, June. (221.)

Lupinus BRevicauLis. Annual, hirsute; stems very short (1-2' high ;)
leaflets 5-8, (usually 7,) obovate, narrowed at base, very obtuse or retuse ;

a
54 BOTANY.

peduncles about equaling the leaves; racemes usually very short and few-
flowered ; flowers small, deep blue; calyx often bracteolate, upper lip very
short, truncate, obsoletely toothed, membranous, lower lip entire or obscurely
toothed; keel slightly exceeding the wings; pods 2—3-seeded; seed about
1” in diameter.—Near L. pusiilus ; distinguished especially by the characters
of the calyx. In the valleys and lower cafions of Western Nevada to the East
Humboldt Mountains, (more frequent than the last,) and on the islands of
Salt Lake ; 5-8,000 feet altitude; May-July. Also collected by Dr. Ander-
son (84) near Carson City. Prare VII. Fig.1. A plant; full size. Fig. 2.
‘A flower. Fig. 3. The petals. Fig. 4. The stamineal column; all enlarged
two diameters. (222.) A form of this was collected with some of the pe-
duncles much elongated and bearing above the leaves loose racemes of
reduced florets, apparently perfect in all their parts, but usually sterile.
(223.)

Lupinus unciauis. Annual, dwarf, villous, diffusely branched, leafy;
leaflets 5, oblong-spatulate, obtuse; flowers small, axillary, solitary; the pedun-
cles equaling the leaves or shorter; legumes 2-seeded.—Very small, but 1’
high; leaves on 4-4’ petioles, leaflets 2” long; stipules adnate, obtuse; bracts
short, oval; the upper lip of the calyx deeply 2-cleft, the lower larger,
3-toothed, the middle tooth small; vexillum obovate, shorter than the wings
and keel, the sides, scarcely at all reflexed ; wings free or but slightly united ;
keel rather obtuse ; flowers ochroleucous, the keel tipped with purple. Found
on the dry foot-hills of the Truckee and Pah-Ute Ranges, Western Nevada ;
5,000 feet altitude; May, June. Prare VII. Fig. 5. An entire plant;
twice the natural size. Fig. 6. A flower. Fig. 7. Calyx, opened out.
Fig. 8. The petals. Fig. 9. The stamineal column, opened. Fig. 10. Ovary;
all enlarged four diameters. (224.) ,

Lupinus parvirtorus, Nutt. Erect, branching, glabrous or somewhat
hirsute-pubescent ; leaflets 5-9, oblong-obovate, obtuse or acute, longer than
the petiole; racemes elongated; flowers small, somewhat scattered; calyx silky-
pubescent, lips nearly equal, the upper 2-toothed, the lower entire; keel
ciliate; legume hirsute, 2-seeded.—A_ well-marked species, tall, (2—4° high, )
dark green and nearly glabrous, the leaflets expanded and _ petioles
short. Collected in the Rocky Mountains, near the sources of the Snake
River, by Nuttall, Frémont, (No. 413, 1845,) and Tolmie. Frequent on
PLATE VII

 

; 1-4. LUPINUS BREVICAULIS

910. L.UNCIALIS
CATALOGUE. DD

shaded mountain sides in the Wahsatch; 7—-9,000 feet altitude; June-August.
(225.)

Lupinus potypuy.uus, Lindl. (?) Specimens from Dr. Anderson (46)
near Carson City, Dr. Torrey, (83 and 83 a,) from Washoe and Donner Lakes,
and from Burke in Southern Idaho, may belong to this species, but are more
probably distinct. Stems slender, 1-2° high, branching, sparingly pubes-
cent; leaflets 7-9, oblanceolate, about equaling the petioles, (2-3’ long,
4-6” wide,) acute, glabrous above, subpubescent beneath; racemes loose,
6-12’ long; bracts setaceous, hairy; flowers subverticillate; lips of the
calyx nearly equal in length, somewhat silky, nearly entire; petals equal,
5” long, the keel nearly semicircular; legumes rufous-hairy, 7—-9-seeded,
16” long, 3-4” broad.

Lupinus LaxiFLorus, Dougl. Stem minutely silky-puberulent; leaflets
7-9, (rarely 11,) linear-oblong, rather obtuse and mucronate, silky-pubescent
both sides ; flowers scattered or a little verticillate, in a loose elongated raceme ;
upper lip of calyx saccate at base, minutely 2-toothed at the apex, the lower
entire ; legumes silky, 2-5-seeded.—Stems 2° high; flowers blue or ochroleu-
cous. According exactly with authentic specimens in Herb. Gray. It appears
to have been collected only in the mountains of Oregon. Found in the East
Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 7,500 feet altitude; July. (226)

Lupinus ARGENTEUS, Pursh. (Including L. laxiflorus, Var. foliosus,T. & G.)
Distinguished from the last only by the less saccate calyx and the somewhat
smoother or even glabrous upper surface of the leaflets. Some of the speci-
mens are of this character, but others seem to unite the two species, and. leave
little doubt that they must be reduced to one. Clover Mountains, Nevada,
and Wahsatch Mountains, Utah; 5,000 feet altitude. (227.)

Lupinus FLExuosus, Lindl. ‘“Shrubby” (2), ascending, silvery-silky;
stems very flexuous; leaflets obovate-oblong, shorter than the petiole ; flowers
in distant, somewhat regular whorls; upper lip of calyx somewhat 2-cleft, the
lower entire; banner slightly silky; keel ciliate——The plants accord with
authentic specimens in Herb. Gray, but are not at all shrubby, and more
frequently rather villous than silky. It is the most prevalent lupine of
Nevada, the early spring forms frequently very villous; stems 1-2° high,
flowers blue, occasionally ochroleucous. Reported only from Oregon.
Frequent in the valleys and mountains of Nevada; 5-9,000 feet altitude ;
April-August. (228.)
5G BOTANY.

Var. (2) Much more silvery and silky than usual, and with the racemes
nearly sessile ; approximating to the next and also much resembling what has
been called L. decumbens, Var. argophylla. Grass Valley and Regan’s Valley,
Western Nevada; 5,000 feet altitude; June. (229.)

Lupinus mEIonantuus, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad. 6. 522.  Silvery-
canescent throughout; stems ascending from a perennial root; leaflets 5-9,
oblanceolate, obtuse; stipules small, setaceous ; bracts shorter than the calyx ;
flowers very small, (scarcely 3” long,) verticillate, in a crowded spike-like
raceme; calyx longer than the pedicel, bractless, lips nearly entire, about equal
to the glabrous corolla; keel with a broad obtuse apex, inflexed, ciliate ;
legumes (4-1’ long) ovate, silky, 1-2-seeded. Near Carson City, (Anderson.)

Var. (?) neTERANTHUS. Flowers somewhat larger, with the calyx gib-
bous or even spurred at base, and the lobes more elongated; legumes oblong,
3-5-seeded. Of exactly the habit of the last, with stems 1° high, the
racemes nearly sessile, and scarcely exceeding the leaves. Collected by
Anderson (92 and 232) and also by Dr. Torrey (88) in the same region with
the last, near Carson City. It would seem probable that this is the ordinary
form of the species, the other being but an abnormally small-flowered variety.
Washoe and West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 7,000 feet altitude; July—
September. (230.)

Lupinus catcaratus, Kell. Proc. Cal. Acad. 2.195, ¢.60. Erect, 8-10’
high, silky-pubescent throughout, leafy; leaflets 7-10, linear-lanceolate, acute,
mucronate ; stipules ovate, acuminate, persistent ; flowers ina rather close and
short raceme; bracts subulate, deciduous; calyx deeply spurred at base, mi-
nutely bracteolate, the upper lip short, 2-toothed, white, the lower larger,
entire, acute ; banner and wings somewhat pubescent externally, and the keel
ciliate ; pods hairy, 4-seeded—F lowers white, the spur exceeding the pedi-
cels. California (1891 Brewer) and near Carson City, (30 and 31 Anderson.)

Lupinus Levcopsis, Agardh. Silky-tomentose, with whitish hairs; leaflets
7-9, lanceolate, equaling the upper petioles; flowers somewhat verticillate in a
rather dense raceme ; vexillum silky-pubescent externally ; calyx-lobes nearly
equal, the upper 2-toothed ; legumes tomentose, 4-seeded.—Whole plant sil-
very, 2° high; flowers light blue or ochroleucous. Collected by Douglas in
Oregon. In the Wahsatch, Utah; 6,000 feet altitude. (231.)

Var. (?). Differing from the last in its somewhat broader leaflets, less
CATALOGUE, : 57

silvery pubescence, and less crowded racemes. Found in the Wahsatch and
on Antelope Island, Salt Lake. (232.)

Lupinus suLpHuREvs, Dougl. Stem erect, sulcate, silky ; leaflets 13 -15,
narrowly lanceolate, densely sericeous both sides, shorter than the petiole ;
stipules subulate, short; flowers somewhat verticillate in a dense thick raceme ;
calyx ebracteolate; keel glabrous——A specimen of what seems to be this species
was collected on Mt. Davidson by Dr. Bloomer; stem rather stout, 18’ high ;
leaflets about 11, (1-2’ long;) flowers apparently yellowish, (6” long,) the
calyx deeply spurred and with the short lips nearly equal ; racemes but 3 long.

Lupinus sERIcEUS, Pursh, Silky-villous; leaflets 7-9, lanceolate; flowers
subverticillate in an elongated raceme; calyx bracteolate; corolla light blue,
glabrous or slightly silky.—Stems 18’ high; racemes 6’ long; bracts seta-
ceous, subpersistent ; flowers 6” long, frequently ochroleucous; calyx gibbous
or slightly saccate at base, the linear-lanceolate lobes subequal; legumes
densely villous, 1’ in length. Oregon. In the valleys of Nevada and abund-
ant in the Wahsatch ; 5-6,000 feet altitude; June. (233.)

Lupryus arrpus, Dougl. (2). Very silky-hirsute, with fulvous hairs;
stem low, much branched from the base; leaflets 7, oblong-lanceolate, one-third
the length of the petiole; flowers in a very dense conical spike; bracts sub-
ulate, subpersistent, shorter than the bracteolate calyx; keel woolly-ciliate ;
legumes villous—The specimens placed here are low (6’) and somewhat czs-
pitose, very villous, with white hairs; racemes short (1’) or elongated, (3-6’,)
scarcely exceeding the long slenderly petioled leaves; bracts conspicuous, se-
taceous, and equaling the nearly sessile flowers; keel glabrous or slightly cili-
ate; pods ovate-oblong, 2—3-seeded. It appears to be an intermediate form
between L. aridus and L. cespitosus. From Washington Territory and the
head-waters of the Missouri to California. In the valleys of the Wahsatch
Mountains; 6,000 feet; July. (234.)

Lupinus Leucopuyiuus, Lindl. Densely villous, with a somewhat ful-
vous silky tomentum; tall; leaflets 7-9, linear-lanceolate or lance-oblong,
acuminate, about equaling the petiole; spikes dense, elongated, subsessile ;
bracts often longer than the flower ; flowers subsessile ; vexillum pubescent ;
legumes villous, 3-5-seeded.—A stout, well-marked species, 2-3° high. Dr.
Gray notes that L. plumosus, Dougl., is the same. From Oregon to North-
ern California and the head-waters of the Platte, (Frémont.) Found in Heber

Valley, in the Wahsatch; 6,000 feet altitude; July. (235.)
8
58. BOTANY.

Lupinus (?). Stem stout, 2° high, simple, sparsely silky-villous ;
leaflets 9-11, obovate-lanceolate, (2’ long,) subacute, glabrous above, ap-
pressed villous beneath; raceme elongated ; flowers glabrous, rather large,
blue; upper lip of calyx 2-toothed, lower 3-toothed; legume broadly oblong,
(1 or more long, 5” broad,) about 5-seeded, very hairy; seeds large, 2-3” in
diameter. East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 5,000 feet altitude; June.
(236.) :

Lupinus ANDERSONI. Specimens were collected near Carson City by Dr.
Anderson, (9, 108, and 121,) very distinct in their habit, and seeming scarcely
to belong to any described species. Slender and much branched, apparently
1° high, minutely puberulent throughout; leaflets 7, oblong-lanceolate, acute
or obtuse, about equaling the petioles, (1-2' long ;) racemes short or becoming
elongated, (2—6’,) loosely flowered; flowers scattered or subverticillate, blue
or ochroleucous, (8—-6” long ;) bracts small and ovate, much shorter than the
pedicels; calyx broad-campanulate, but slightly gibbous, the lobes nearly
equal, entire, somewhat obtuse; legumes subpubescent, 4—6-seeded, (15” long,
4n wide.) ;

Lurisus Torrey, Gray MSS., in Herb. 82 Torrey from near Washoe
Lake, Nevada, as also his 89 from Donner Pass and 6286 Bolander from Yo-
Semite Valley, California, have been thus named by Dr. Gray. It is near L.

 

minimus, and likewise resembles L. aridus, with low stems, (6-12/,) rufous
silky-villous pubescence, and dense long-bracted racemes, (2—4” long ;) leaflets
7, (1 long,) acute, tufted-mucronate, on long slender petioles; bracts and
sepal-lobes linear-lanceolate ; flowers blue-purple, 3-5” in length; legumes
silky, ovate-oblong, 2-seeded.

Lupinus Brewert, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad. 7.334, Small and shrubby,
very much branched, czespitose, prostrate, silvery, with a closely appressed
silky pubescence; stipules subulate; leaflets 7-10, spatulate or-cuneate, retuse,
(3-4” long ;) raceme short, (1',) densely flowered ; upper lip of the bracteo-
late calyx 2-parted; corolla violet, (-4” long;) keel scarcely ciliate. Yo-
Semite Valley, (Brewer ;) near Carson City, Nevada, (Anderson.)

Mepicaco sativa, L. Near Unionville, Nevada. Doubtless introduced.
(237.)

Metmorus apa, Lam. Stream banks near Salt Lake City; introduced.
(238*.)

MELILOTUS PaRVIFLORA, Desf. Lower leaflets obovate-roundish, often
CATALOGUE. 59

nearly entire; upper ones cuneate-oblong or linear, truncate or emarginate,
serrate ; flowers yellow, minute. Collected by Stretch in Western Nevada ;
doubtless introduced.

TRIFOLIUM LONGIPES, Nutt. Somewhat pubescent; stems erect or as-
cending, simple; petioles slender; leaflets linear-lanceolate, serrulate, silky-
pubescent beneath; stipules semi-lanceolate, acuminate; heads roundish-
ovate, ebracteate, on long peduncles; calyx-teeth setaceous, longer than the
tube, nearly equal; petals lanceolate; ovary 4-5-ovuled.—Root creeping ;
stems 3’-1° high; radical leaves often oval or oblong; flowers ochroleucous,
rarely purple, frequently deflexed in fruit. Oregon and Northern California
to Colorado and Northern Arizona, (Ives.) Found in the Havallah range,
Nevada, and in the Wahsatch and Uintas; 6-9,000 feet altitude ; June—Au-
gust. (238.)

TRIFOLIUM SUBCAULESCENS, Gray. Bot. Ives’s Rep. p.10. Cespitose,
dwarf, hoary-pubescent or subglabrous; stipules ovate, dentate or subentire ;
leaflets obovate or oblong, rather rigid, striate-veined, denticulate, usually
mucronate and sometimes retuse; peduncles not exceeding the radical
petioles; head naked, many-flowered; teeth of the villous calyx lanceolate-
subulate or almost setaceous, more or less exceeding the tube, usually half-
shorter than the white corolla—Stems 2-3’ high, the radical stipules sub-
scarious; leaflets 8-12” long, glabrous above; corolla 4-6” long. Much
resembling T. Jongipes but for its dwarf habit and broader and less acumin-
ate leaflets. Collected by Ives, near Fort Defiance, in Northeastern Arizona,
and in the past season by Dr. Palmer at St. George in Southern Utah.

Trirotium Kineu. Glabrous throughout; stems few, erect, 6-10’ high;
stipules foliaceous, small, lanceolate, acuminate, entire; radical leaves rather
long-petioled, the cauline on short petioles but little exceeding the stipules;
earlier leaflets 3’ long, round-ovate, obtuse, the later 13’ long, oblong or
narrow-lanceolate, very acute, all striate-veined and sharply denticulate ;
peduncles exceeding the leaves; heads naked, many-flowered, the purplish
flowers at length reflexed; calyx-teeth setaceous-subulate, equaling or some-
what exceeding the campanulate tube, about one-third the length of the
(4-5” long) corolla.—Found growing sparingly in a damp cafion above Parley’s
Park in the Wahsatch; 6,500 feet altitude; June. (239.)

Trrrotium nanum, Torr. Glabrous, czespitose ; caudex short and thick,
branching; leaflets ovate-oblong, acuminate, denticulate, strongly veined ;
60 BOTANY.

stipules membranous, ovate, cuspidate ; peduncles very short, radical, umbel-
lately about 3-flowered ; flowers large ; calyx campanulate, teeth nearly equal,
triangular-subulate, shorter than the tube; vexillum broadly obovate, thrice the
length of the calyx; legume 4-5-seeded.—Alpine, 1-2’ high ; flowers #' long,
scarcely unfolding. Rocky Mountains of Colorado Uinta) Mountains,
Utah ; 12,000 feet altitude; August. (240.)

TRIFOLIUM DASYPHYLLUM, T. & G. Ceespitose, more or less canescently
silky; caudex short and thick, branching; leaflets linear or oblong-lanceolate,
acute, entire; stipules membranous, subulate-acuminate ; head globose, on a
long radical peduncle, bracteate; bracts lanceolate, scarious-margined, unequal ;
calyx-teeth setaceous, nearly equal, exceeding the tube, a little shorter than
the purple corolla; legume 3—4-seeded.—Alpine ; peduncles 2-4’ high, twice
longer than the leaves; corolla 4-6” long, scarcely unfolding. Rocky Mount-
ains of Colorado. Uinta Mountains, Utah; 11-12,000 feet altitude;
August. (241.)

Trirotium Anpinum, Nutt. Cveespitose, silky-canescent; caudex short
and thick, branching ; leaflets rigid, cuneate-oblong, acute or acuminate, entire,
strongly veined, (38-5” long ;) stipules broadly ovate, membranous, obtuse, gla-
brous, ciliate ; peduncles radical, (1—2’ high,) about equaling the leaves; heads
hemispherical, rather few-flowered, sessile between two opposite broadly
stipuled trifoliolate bracts; calyx densely silky-villous with white hairs;
teeth setaceous, longer than the tube, but shorter than the persistent (3—4’
long) corolla; ovary 3—4-ovuled ; legume ovate, 1-seeded.—Corolla 3-4” long,
persistent. Summit of Cedar Mountain near Evanston, Utah; 7,000 feet
altitude; in fruit, July.. Collected by Nuttall in the Rocky Mountains, pro-
bably in the same region. Puate VIII. Fig. 3. A plant; natural size.
Fig. 4. The involucral bracts. Fig. 5. The calyx, expanded. Fig. 6. A
matured capsule; all enlarged two diameters. (242.)

Trirotium AnpERsont, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad. 6.522, Low, cespi-
tose, very villous throughout with white silky hairs; the branched caudex
thick, woody, covered with rather large scarious stipules; leaflets 4—6, ($‘long,)
oblong or obovate-cuneate, mucronate, entire; peduncles (1-2' long) equaling
the leaves; head globose, many-flowered ; flowers sessile ; calyx-teeth subulate-
setaceous, rather longer than the campanulate tube; corolla pink, (4 long,)
not scarious; ovary 5-ovuled; legume globular, 1-2-seeded. Mountains
near Carson City; discovered by Dr. Andergon,
CATALOGUE. 61

Trirotium Parryt, Gray. Amer. Jour. Sci. (n. s.) 33. 409. Glabrous,
subcaulescent ; scape 3-4’ high, leafy and decumbent at base; stipules ovate,
more or less scarious ; leaflets oblong, (4-14' long,) sharply dentate ; involucre
scarious, 5—7-parted, much shorter than the many-flowered head; segments
ovate, obtuse; calyx about thrice shorter than the persistent closed purple
(6—9" long) corolla, the teeth broadly subulate, about equaling the campanu-
late tube; legume sessile, 3-4-seeded—In moist grassy subalpine cafions.
Rocky Mountains of Colorado. Near head of Bear River, Uinta Mountains,
Utah ; 9,000 feet altitude; August. (243.)

TRIFOLIUM MICROCEPHALUM, Pursh. Annual, hairy ; stems ($-2° long)
ascending or procumbent, branched ; leaflets obcordate or cuneate-obovate, and
often emarginate, denticulate ; stipules ovate, acuminate, nearly entire ; heads
small, subglobose, on long axillary peduncles; involucre many-cleft, the seg-
ments (about 9) equal, entire; flowers in 2-4 verticels; calyx-teeth equal,
straight, subulate, about equaling the tube and corolla; legume 1-seeded, in-
dehiscent. From Washington Territory to Southern California. Havallah
Range, near Cumberland, Nevada; 6,000 feet altitude; June. (244.)

TRIFOLIUM VARIEGATUM, Nutt. Annual, glabrous, decumbent or suberect,
branching; stems slender, ($—-1° long,) leaflets (3-6” long) oblong, obovate, or
somewhat obcordate, minutely spinulose-serrate ; stipules lanceolate or ovate,
gashed-dentate with setaceous teeth; peduncles axillary, exceeding the leaves;
involucre many-cleft, (somewhat 6-lobed, the segments subulately toothed ;)
calyx-teeth equal, setaceous-subulate, longer than the tube, a little shorter
than the purple or white (3”) corolla; legumes 1-2-seeded. Oregon, Cali-
fornia, and Sonora, (Thurber.) In the Truckee Valley, near Cumberland
City in the Havallah Range, and in Ruby Valley, Nevada; 5-6,000 feet alti-
tude; June—August. (245.)

TRIFOLIUM FiMBRIATUM, Lindl. Biennial, glabrous, stems ascending,
(6-18' high;) leaflets lanceolate, oblong or obovate, acute or the lower retuse,
spinulose-denticulate; stipules ovate, acuminate, laciniate-spinulose ; involucre
many-cleft, shorter than the many-flowered subglobose heads; calyx-teeth
subulate, straight, half the length of the corolla and about equaling the tube,
usually entire; legume 2—6-seeded.—Leaflets 4-1’ long or more; heads of
purple or whitish flowers 4-1’ in diameter. A pubescent form is T. obtusi-
Jlorum, Hook. Oregon and California; frequent. Truckee Valley, Toyabe
62 BOTANY.

Mountains, and Ruby Valley, Nevada; 5-6,000 feet altitude; July. One of
the most valuable of the western species. (246.)

TRIFOLIUM CYATHIFERUM, Lindl. Annual, glabrous; stems ascending,
(6-18' long,) branched at base; leaflets oblong and obovate, cuneate, mucron-
ate, spinulose-serrate ; stipules somewhat scarious, ovate, laciniate-toothed ;
peduncles long; involucre large, (6-8 in diameter,) cyathiform, the border
obtusely many-toothed, somewhat shorter than the few- or many-flowered
heads; calyx oblong, subinflated, membranous, with teeth setaceously 3—many-
parted, equaling the corolla; legume 2-seeded.—Oregon, (Douglas and Geyer, )
and in the Rocky Mountains, (Nuttall.) Found in the Truckee Valley and on
stream banks in the Havallah and East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada;
5-6,000 feet altitude; June, July. (247.)

TriFoLium gymnocarpon, Nutt. Perennial, czspitose, (2—-4’ high, )
minutely pubescent or hairy; caudex short and thick, many-branched ; leaves
radical, on long petioles, exceeding the peduncles; leaflets (3-6” in length)
oval-oblong, obtuse or acute, serrate; stipules scarious, oval; heads 2—6-flow-
ered, not involucrate ; flowers on short pedicels ; calyx-teeth subulate, equaling
the subcampanulate tube and half the length of the corolla; legume coriaceous,
globose, (2-3" long,) hairy, 1-2-seeded, upon a stipe about equaling the calyx-
tube, dehiscent.—Collected only by Nuttall near the sources of the Sweet-
water, in Wyoming Territory. Found growing under sage-brush on the foot-
hills of Parley’s Park in the Wahsatch ; 6,500 feet altitude; June. Pate
VIII. Fig. 1. An entire plant; natural size. Fig. 2. Matured legumes; en-
larged two diameters. (248.)

HOsackIA ARGOPHYLLA, Gray. Synopsis of Hosackia, Proc. Acad. Phil.,
1863, p. 347. Perennial, somewhat shrubby or nearly herbaceous, densely
silky-tomentose, the long and rather silky branches decumbent; leaflets 3-5,
obovate, obtuse, 3-6” long, the common petiole and rachis very short;
umbels 8-12-flowered, with a simple bract, capitate, the peduncle short or
occasionally exceeding the leaf; calyx-teeth slender, about half as long as the
cylindrical tube; flowers 4-5” long, yellow or becoming reddish, the broad
incurved apex of the keel obtuse; legume small, attenute above, incurved,
1—4-seeded. Southern and Middle California—vVar. (?) Fremont, Gray.
Leaflets obovate-oblong, acute ; flowers 5” long; calyx-teeth setaceous, nearly

equaling the tube. Found east of the Sierras by Frémont, probably in
Nevada.
PLATE VII.

 

1,2. TRIFOLIUM GYMNOCARPUM 3-6 T ANDINUM
CATALOGUE. 63

Hosackia Herrmann, Dur.& Hilg. Gray's Syn., 1. c., p. 848. Peren-
nial, finely villous-pubescent, diffusely much branched, very leafy; leaflets
3-5, obovate, roundish, or oval-oblong, 2-5” long, upon a short petiole;
umbels numerous, 4-9-flowered, with a simple bract, the peduncle often
equaling the leaf; teeth of the loosely villous calyx considerably shorter than
the campanulate tube; flowers 2/ long, yellow turning purplish, the keel
with a broad and very obtuse summit; legume pubescent, the body but little
exceeding the calyx, with a subulate incurved beak, 1-2-seeded. Southern
California, and also collected by Dr. Anderson near Carson City, Nevada.

Hosacxia Pursurana, Benth. Gray's Syn., p..352. Annual, erect or
ascending, much branched, pubescent or softly villous, sometimes glabrous ;
leaves nearly sessile ; leaflets 3, (or 1, rarely 4,) varying from ovate to lance-
olate, rather acute; stipules minute, blackish; peduncles exceeding the
leaves, 1-flowered ; bract simple; corolla scarcely longer than the deeply cleft
calyx; keel attenuated upward, falcate; vexillum on a short claw approxi-.
mating the others; legume linear, straight, not attenuate above —Stem 6’—2°
high; branches usually distichous.. In North Carolina, and from Arkansas to
the Upper Missouri and westward, in Oregon, California and Sonora. Found
on the banks of the Truckee River, Nevada; July, August. (249.)

Hosacgia suspinnata, T.& G. Gray’s Syn., i. c., p. 352. Annual, pro-
cumbent, (3-6’ high,) branched from the base, villous-hirsute or glabrate ;
leaflets 3-5, obovate, obtuse, 4’ long; lower ones scattered on the dilated rachis;
stipules minute ; flowers small, yellow, solitary, subsessile, ebracteate ; calyx-
teeth about equaling the tube, shorter than the corolla; keel rostrate, falcate ;
the short claw of the banner not distant from the others; legume linear-oblong,
straight, subcompressed, not rostrately attenuate, 4—7-seeded, much exceed-
ing the calyx. California and Oregon. Collected by Stretch in Western
Nevada.

PsoRALEA LANCEOLATA, Pursh. Nearly glabrous, with a few scattered
hairs and numerous dark-colored glands; erect, 1° high, much branched; leaves
palmately 3-foliolate ; leaflets (4-1 long) linear-lanceolate or cuneate-obovate,
acute or obtuse, or the lower retuse, mucronate, shortly petiolulate; pedun-
cles longer than the leaves; racemes short, 6—15-flowered; calyx-teeth minute,
obtuse, hairy; corolla 3” long, light blue; legume globose, hirsute—From
the Platte to the Saskatchewan and west to the Rocky Mountains; Oregon,
(Douglas;) Northern Arizona, (Ives.) Found at the foot of the Pah-Ute
64 : BOTANY.

Range, Nevada, in Salt Lake Valley, and on Antelope Island, Utah; 5,000
feet altitude; June. (250.)

DaLea PoLYDENIA, Torr. MSS. ‘Stem shrubby with numerous divari-
cate branches, clothed with a minute appressed whitish retrorse pubescence,
and sprinkled with conspicuous elevated reddish glands; leaflets 11-13, orbicu-
lar-obovate, somewhat retuse, hoary-pubescent both sides, sparingly glandular
underneath ; flowers in dense oblong spikes; teeth of the villous calyx subu-
late, about as long as the tube-——A bushy plant 2-5° high, leaflets 2” long,
thick and somewhat rigid; spikes ? long; flowers pale purple; petals mostly
with an orange gland at the tip.” Border of Truckee Desert, Nevada; (W.
W. Bailey;) 4,200 feet altitude; July, in flower and fruit; nearly leafless
early in May. First collected by Dr. Torrey near Carson Desert. PLATE
IX. Fig. 1. Portion ofa branch; natural size. Fig. 2. A single flower, and
its parts. Fig. 6. A nearly mature capsule; all enlarged three diameters.
(251.)

Datza Kineu. Suffrutescent-branched, glandular-punctate, somewhat
silky-pubescent; branches flexuose, leafy; lateral branchlets short, (1’ in
length,) spinose, nearly naked; leaves pinnate, 3—-9-foliolate; leaflets oval or
oblong, (3-6” long,) obtuse ; stipules small, setaceous; flowers solitary on the
branchlets, nearly sessile; calyx-teeth equaling the campanulate obscurely
10-ribbed tube, acute, the upper broadly triangular, the lower lanceolate; petals
bright blue, equal, nearly free; the vexillum orbicular, emarginate ; stamens
9 or 10; style hairy; ovules not collateral; pod oblong, (23” long,) pu-
bescent.—Plant 1° high, much branched, yellowish-green throughout; glands
greenish, rather obscure ; corolla 3-4” long; near D. Frémontii. Found on
drifted sands in the upper cafions of the Hot Spring Mountains, Nevada;
7,000 feet altitude; August. Prarz X. Fig. 1. The extremity of & branch;
natural size. Fig. 2. The parts of a flower. Fig. 3. A mature legume; all
magnified two diameters. (252.)

Darra Jonnsont. A diffusely branched shrub, with smooth gray
sparingly glandular bark, the branches subspinescent at the extremities ;
leaves 1-2’ long, with the branchlets appressed grayish-pubescent, petioled ;
leaflets 5-11, narrowly oblong or oblanceolate, 3-6” long, acute or obtuse,
with rather obscure greenish glands; flowers in loose (1-3' long) racemes
terminating the leafy branchlets, on very short ($-1” long) peduncles, de-
flexed-secund, bracteate with 1-4 small subulate caducous bractlets; calyx
PLATE ix

 

 

ex
i ee
==
SS a,
oR

DALEA POLYDENIA
CATALOGUE. 65

obconic-campanulate, 10-ribbed, the teeth triangular, acuminate, unequal,
about as long as the tube; petals deep-purple, 4~5” long, nearly as in the
last; ovules collateral; pod 4—6” long, covered with yellow resinous glands ;
seed 3” in diameter.—Very near the following species but apparently distinct.
Collected by J. E. Johnson near St. George on the Virgin River, Utah, and
also in the same locality by Dr. Palmer,.1870.

Datra Frimontu, Torr. Plant. Thurber., p. 316. A much-branched
shrub, sparingly glandular-punctate, silky puberulent; leaves petioled, simple
and obovate-spatulate, or more frequently 3-foliolate with obovate leaflets,
3” long, shorter than the petiole; flowers sessile upon the subspinescent
branchlets, loosely spiked, spreading, bracteate with a leaf or usually with a
small subulate bractlet, the rachis with a few minute bristles; calyx-teeth
very acute, the upper triangular, the lower subulate, about equaling the cam-
panulate scarcely ribbed tube; corolla reddish-purple, 4-5” long, the obcor-
date banner and wings equaling the keel; ovules not collateral; pod 4-6”
long, 3” broad.—F ound by Frémont on rocks in Southern Nevada. Material
scanty.

ASTRAGALUS DipHysus, Gray. Revis. Astrag., Proc. Amer. Acad. 6. 193.
Nearly glabrous; stems 1-2° long, numerous, decumbent or ascending;
stipules triangular, acuminate, scarious, adnate to the petiole; leaflets 6-11
pairs, obovate or oblong, usually obtuse or retuse; peduncles equaling the
leaves; racemes short, rather densely flowered; calyx-tube long-campanu-
late, twice longer than the subulate teeth; corolla 6” in length, blue or
purple, occasionally white; legume 1’ long, ovate, membranous, inflated,
2-celled, with a perfect septum, curved-acuminate, many-seeded, sessile ; fre-
quently mottled ——New Mexico, Northern Arizona, and Utah. Toyabe and
East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 6-8,000 feet altitude; July. This
species may possibly be but a luxuriant, glabrous form of the next, into which
it seems to pass. (253.)

ASTRAGALUS LENTIGINOSUS Dougl. Gray's Revis., 1c, p. 194. More
or less hoary appressed pubescent; stems 4-15’ long, decumbent or ascend-
ing; stipules small, acuminate; leaflets 6-11 pairs, obovate, obtuse or retuse ;
racemes short or elongated, rather densely or loosely flowered; calyx-tube
campanulate, scarcely longer than the teeth; corolla purple or ochroleucous,

3-6” long; legume as in the last, 4-1’ long, slightly puberulent, arcuately
9
66 BOTANY.

incurved.—Evidently a quite variable species, including not only possibly the
last species and, certainly, A. ineptus, Gray, but also A. Frémontii, T. & G.,
and more doubtfully A. Coulteri, Benth., (=A. Arthu-Schotti, Gray.) The
flowers and fruit in all are essentially identical, but the legume of the last
species is more densely pubescent and more coriaceous. The Var. flori-
bundus, Gray, is the ordinary well-developed form. Reported from the in-
terior of Oregon and Washington Territory, and from Nevada, (Anderson.)
Frequent in Western Nevada ; 5-8,000 feet altitude; May-June. (254.)

Var. Fremontu. (A. Fremontii, T. & G., Gray’s Rev. .c., 194.) More
or less hoary with appressed hairs ; stems often somewhat flexuous ; stipules
very small; flowers smaller and in rather loose spikes, ochroleucous or tipped
with purple; legume usually smaller and somewhat hirsute—In the imma-
ture pod the septum is often incomplete ; a low starved form, confined to the
valleys. Collected by Frémont in Northern Arizona, and by Cooper at Fort
Mohave. Frequent in Nevada from the valley of the Truckee to Reese
River. A. Coulteri, Benth., an older species from Southern California and
Arizona, may be a still more hoary-pubescent form, with a rather small and
more chartaceous legume. (255.)

ASTRAGALUS PLATYTROPIS, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad., 6. 526. Dwarf
(2-3' high) and alpine, scarcely caulescent, rhizomas elongated and much
branched, silvery-sericeous; stipules ovate, acuminate; leaflets 3-6 pairs,
3-4” long, obovate; peduncles scapelike, equaling the leaves, capitately
few-flowered; calyx-teeth subulate, a little shorter than the campanulate
tube; corolla 3’ long, ochroleucous, with the broad rounded keel tipped
with purple and equaling the other petals; legume as in the preceding,
globose-ovate, #-1’ in length—Above Sonora Pass in the Sierra Nevadas,
(Brewer.) East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 11,000 feet altitude; July,
August. (256.)

ASTRAGALUS caLycosus, Torr. MSS. Perennial, with a short thick
much-branched caudex, nearly acaulescent, silvery-sericeous; leaflets 1-3
(rarely 5) pairs, oblong or ovate, 1-4” long, usually acute; peduncles radical,
a little exceeding the leaves, 1-2’ long, 2-6-flowered; flowers 3’ long,
ochroleucous, with the very obtuse rounded keel purple-tipped and much
shorter than the vexillum and the 2-lobed wings; the campanulate calyx-
tube exceeding the acuminate or triangular teeth ; legume sessile, minutely
PLATE X

 

I-3.DALEA KINGII.

4-7 ASTRAGALUS CALYCOSUS
 
CATALOGUE. 67

pubescent, chartaceous, oblong (4” long,) straight, subcompressed, slightly
sulcate dorsally, 2-celled, many-ovuled, about 10-seeded.—Ceespitose and
subalpine ; leaves occasionally palmately 3-foliolate ; legume 2-celled, though
the septum appears incomplete in immature pods. Found in the West Hum-
boldt, East Humboldt, and Clover Mountains, Nevada; 8-11,000 feet alti-
tude; June-September; also collected by Dr. Torrey, in flower only, in
Western Nevada. Prats X. Fig.4. A single stem; natural size. Fig. 5.
A dissected flower. Fig. 6. A mature legume. Fig. 7. Cross-section of the
same; all enlarged two diameters. (257.)

Astracatus AnpERsonu, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad., 6.524. Perennial,
canescent with a very soft subvillous pubescence ; stems 1° high, ascend-
ing; stipules triangular-lanceolate, adnate to the petiole; leaflets 7-12 pairs,
3-5” long, oval or oblong, rarely obovate ; peduncles exceeding the leaves;
spikes short, densely many-flowered; calyx-teeth setaceous, about equaling
the campanulate tube, half shorter than the ochroleucous (%' long) corolla;
legume #-1’ long, chartaceous, oblong-linear, arcuately incurved, subcom-
pressed, completely 2-celled, sessile, deflexed, 12-20-seeded—Near Carson
City, Nevada, (Anderson.) Found in the same region near Washoe City ;
5,000 feet altitude; May. (258.)

AsTRAGALUS MALACUS, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad, 7. 336. Perennial,
villous with rather rigid white hairs; stems subdecumbent, 4-2° long;
stipules large, scarious, triangular, acuminate, adnate to the petiole; leaflets
6-8 pairs, 3-8” long, obovate, retuse; peduncles exceeding the leaves;
racemes short, many-flowered, lengthening in fruit; the cylindrical calyx-tube
~ often dark-villous, 2-3 times longer than the setaceous-subulate teeth ; corolla
usually deep-purple, 6-9” in length; legume oblong-lanceolate, 1’ long,
3-4” broad, arcuately incurved, sessile, deflexed, somewhat densely villous,
chartaceous, subcompressed, with a shallow dorsal sulcus, 2-celled, acutely
margined ventrally, many-seeded.—Collected near Carson City, by Dr.
Anderson, and frequent in the Virginia and Trinity Mountains, Nevada; 5,000
feet altitude; April, May. (259.)

Asrragatus Canapensis, L. From the mountains of Georgia to
Northern New York, Canada and the Saskatchewan, and west to the Indian
Territory ; collected also on the head-waters of the Columbia by Douglas.
Found in the Wahsatch Mountains, (Provo Cafion,) Utah ; 6,000 feet altitude;
July. (260.)
68 BOTANY.

Var. Mortoni. (A. Mortoni, Nutt. Gray's Rev., 1. c., 196.) Differing from
the last only in the somewhat pubescent ovary and legume ; compared, how-
ever, with Wisconsin specimens of Canadensis, the legumes are of somewhat
less diameter, more decidedly sulcate dorsally, and less crowded in the
matured spike. Collected by Nuttall on the head-waters of the Missouri and
Platte, and by Brewer in California. In the Truckee Valley and the
Toyabe and East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and Bear River Valley,
Utah; 5-8,000 feet altitude; July, August. (261.)

ASTRAGALUS ADSURGENS, Pall. Gray’s Rev. U. c., 197. Perennial,
cinereous with minute appressed pubescence or glabrate; stems rather
stout, 4-18’ high, ascending or decumbent; stipules scarious, mostly united
at base; leaflets 10 pairs, 6-9” long, narrowly or linear-oblong; spike dense,
at length oblong or cylindrical; flowers purplish, medium sized, ascending ;
calyx-tube rather long-campanulate, twice exceeding the setaceous teeth,
subvillous with light or dark hairs; pod coriaceous, pubescent, sessile,
ascending, ovate-oblong (4-5 in length,) straight, usually triangular-
compressed, with a dorsal sulcus, and 2-celled by the intruded dorsal suture,
many-ovuled—F rom Nebraska to Oregon and the Saskatchewan. Flowering
specimens, probably of this species, were collected by Stretch in Pleasant
Valley, Nevada.

ASTRAGALUS HYPOGLOTTIS, L. Gray’s Rev., /.¢c., 197. Perennial, with
a rather loose pubescence or nearly glabrous; stems 6’-2° long, slender,
diffusely procumbent or ascending; stipules subfoliaceous and more or less
sheathing ; leaflets 7-10 pairs, oblong, obtuse or retuse; heads rather many
flowered ; corolla violet 4’ long; legume as in the last, but ovate and triangular,
silky-villous, very shortly stipitate, and but 6—8-seeded—From Southern
Colorado (Moro River, Fendler,) northward along the Rocky Mountains and
Red River Valley to the Arctic Circle and Alaska. In the East Humboldt
Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch and Uintas; 6-8,000 feet altitude ;
June-September. (262.)

Astracatus Nurranuianus, DO. Gray’s Rev., 1. c, 199. Annual,
stems ascending or erect, 3-18’ high, minutely pubescent ; leaflets 5-7 pairs,
elliptical or oblong, obtuse or retuse; flowers few, subcapitate or sometimes
solitary, on slender peduncles, light purple, small (2” long,) the keel much
shorter than the banner, with the apex incurved; legume coriaceous, linear,
subcompressed, incurved near the base, sulcate dorsally, 2-celled, many-
 

 

 

 

ASTRAGALUS ATRATUS.
CATALOGUE. 69

ovuled, sessile, reticulated—Arkansas and Texas to Arizona and Sonora.
Var. TRIcHocaRPUS, T. & G. With hispid calyx and slightly hairy legumes;
stems 3’ high. Found on Stansbury Island, Salt Lake; June. (263.)

ASTRAGALUS ARRECTUS, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad. 8. 289. Perennial,
somewhat cinereous-pubescent or nearly glabrous; stems 1-2° high, erect,
sulcate, simple or branched; stipules distinct, scarious; leaflets 9-12 pairs, 6-8”
long, ovate or narrowly oblong, obtuse or retuse ; racemes on long peduncles,
loosely rather few-flowered; flowers ochroleucous, 7’ long, twice exceed-
ing the tubular-campanulate nigrescent calyx; calyx-teeth rather short and
slender, but variable; pod erect upon a spreading or somewhat deflexed
pedicel, coriaceous, subglabrous, oblong (#-1’ long,) nearly straight, cuspi-
date, abruptly narrowed at base into a stipe as long as the calyx, with a
deep dorsal sulcus and somewhat carinate ventrally, 2-celled, many-seeded.—
This is 378 (A. leucophyllus, ?) of Geyer’s collection, from Oregon, and
is nearest A. Drummondii. Foot-hills about Summit Springs, near Battle
Mountain, Nevada; 5,500 feet altitude; June. (264.)

ASTRAGALUS ATRATUS. Perennial, somewhat canescent with a minute
appressed pubescence; stems 6’—1° high, numerous, slender, ascending;
stipules small, triangular, somewhat adnate to the petiole ; leaflets 4-7 pairs,
linear or oblong, 2-5” long, obtuse or acute; peduncles exceeding the
leaves ; racemes loose or capitate, few- (5—-10-) flowered; calyx-tube campan-
ulate, nigrescent, twice longer than the acute teeth; corolla 4’ long, ochro-
leucous or somewhat tinged with violet; banner emarginate and with the
2-lobed wings much exceeding the strongly arched keel; legume 10” long,
short-stipitate, chartaceous, minutely pubescent or nearly glabrous, linear,
straight, terete, with a narrow dorsal sulcus and nearly 2-celled, many-
(15-20-) ovuled, more or less pendent.—With the habit of A. oroboides and
alpinus. Found on the Pah-Ute, Havallah, and Toyabe ranges, Nevada;
6-7,000 feet altitude; June, July. Prats XI. Fig. 1. Plant; natural size.
Fig. 2. Petals. Fig. 8. Stamens and ovary; both enlarged two diameters.
Fig. 4. Mature legume. Fig. 5. Cross-section of same. (265.)

ASTRAGALUS oBscuRUS. Very closely resembling the last, but differing
in the erect sessile 10-15-ovuled legume, and in the flowers, which have the
keel less strongly arched, with the apex ascending, equaling the entire wings,
but shorter than the orbicular banner. Found on rocky foot-hills near
Truckee Pass, Nevada; 5,500 feet altitude; May. (266.)

NS
%0 BOTANY.

ASTRAGALUS ABORIGINUM, Rich. Gray’s Rev. J. c, 203. Perennial,
hoary pubescent or subvillous ; stems numerous, rigid, ascending, 3-1° high;
stipules triangular, for the most part free ; leaflets 3-6 pairs, linear or oblong-
lanceolate, acute ; peduncles exceeding the leaves; flowers small (3-5” long,)
in a compact raceme, white or tinged with violet; calyx-teeth filiform-subu-
late, a little shorter than the tube; legume long-stipitate, reflexed, somewhat
membranous, glabrous, laterally subcompressed, (cross-section oval,) straight
dorsally, the ventral suture arcuate, 1-celled with a very narrow rudimentary
septum on the dorsal side, 10—-15-ovuled—From Lake Winnipeg to Bear
Lake and Behring Strait, and in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado. East
Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 11,000 feet altitude; August. (267.)

AstragaLus Ropsinsu, Gray. Var. (?) occipenratis. A puzzling form,
intermediate between A. Robbinsit and oroboides, but nearer the former.
The legume (not yet mature) is much compressed, straight on the dorsal side
and arcuate ventrally, tapering at base to a very short stipe, with no indica-
tion of a dorsal sulcus, but with a narrow rudimentary dorsal septum, pubes-
cent with more or less nigrescent hairs. The flowers are rather larger than
in Robbinsii, the wing usually emarginate, but less deeply so. East Hum-
boldt Mountains, Nevada; 10,000 feet altitude; August. Apparently the
same plant, but with less mature legume, was collected by Bourgeau
(Phaca 2) in the Rocky Mountains. (268.)

ASTRAGALUS IODANTHUS. Perennial, canescent with an appressed hairy
pubescence, or usually nearly glabrous with scattered hairs upon the petioles
and margins of the leaves; stems decumbent, 6-10’ long; stipules ovate-
lanceolate, free or somewhat adnate to the petiole; leaflets 6-10 pairs,
2-5” long, obovate or orbicular, obtuse; peduncles equaling the leaves;
spikes short, dense ; flowers on short pedicels, deep violet-purple or ochro-
leucous tinged with purple, the wings and banner (6—8” long) exceeding the
obtuse keel, the somewhat nigrescent campanulate calyx-tube twice longer
than the subulate teeth ; legume 14’ long, 3” broad, linear-oblong, acuminate,
strongly arcuate or hamate, sessile, nearly glabrous with a very sparse pubes-
cence, mottled, chartaceous, irregularly folded but usually with a deep dorsal
sulcus approximating the suture to the prominent ventral one, dorsal septum
none, many-seeded.—Collected by Dr. Bloomer and Dr. Torrey near Virginia
City, and not rare on the foot-hills of Western Nevada from the Virginia to the
PLATE Xl

 

 

1,2 ASTRAGALUS PTEROCARPUS. 3-9 A.SIMPLICIFOLIUS
CATALOGUE. 71

West Humboldt Mountains ; 4,500-6,000 feet altitude; April-June. Closely
related to both A. Parryi and A. Beckwithiit. (269.)

An interesting form occurs with the legumes more coriaceous, less
arcuate, not mottled, and irregular in the intrusion of the dorsal suture,
becoming at times essentially the same as the legume of A. Bechwithit.
The variation is so great as to show that too much reliance must not be
placed on the form of the legume in determining the species of this section.
Near Salt Lake City and on Antelope Island, Utah; May, June. (270.)

AstracaLus Becxwiruu, T. & G. Gray’s Rev., U. c., 221. Perennial,
glabrous or nearly so; stems 1-2° long, diffusely spreading; stipules ovate-
lanceolate, adnate to the petioles; leaflets 6-12 pairs, 6’ long, broadly oval ;
flowers (5-8) in a short loose raceme, ochroleucous, 9” long; calyx-teeth
subulate, scarcely shorter than or exceeding the nearly glabrous campanulate
tube; legume 1’ long, glabrous, transversely rugulose, coriaceous, short-
stipitate, somewhat obcompressed, flattened dorsally with the suture slightly
intruded, bisulcate ventrally with the prominent suture acutely margined,
many-seeded.—Salt Lake Valley. Found in Ruby Valley, Nevada, and on
Antelope Island, Salt Lake; June, July. (271.)

ASTRAGALUS PTEROCARPUS. Perennial, somewhat hoary with a minute
pubescence; stems 1-2° long, decumbent, branched; leaflets 1’ long,
2-4 pairs, distant, linear; peduncles longer than the leaves; racemes short
and rather few-flowered; legume 1-14’ long, 4’ wide, coriaceous, glabrous,
sessile, strongly obcompressed (compressed at the apex,) ovate, acute, later-
ally winged, rugose-veined transversly, slightly sulcate dorsally, the dorsal
suture nearly meeting the somewhat depressed ventral one, many-seeded.—
A well-marked species, remarkable for its broad obcompressed legumes,
which are margined their whole length with an entire wing a line in breadth;
flowers 4’ long; collected only in fruit. Growing in alkaline soil near the
junction of Reese River with the Humboldt, Nevada; June. Pxuate XII.
Fig. 1. A stem; natural size. Fig 2. Section of the legume; enlarged two
diameters. (272.)

ASTRAGALUS ERIOCARPUS. Perennial, canescent with a dense subap-
pressed hirsute-silky pubescence, acaulescent ; leaflets 4-7 pairs, 4-6” long,
obovate, somewhat acute, or often retuse; the scape-like curved peduncles
(2-6’ long) equaling the leaves ; flowers (3-6) loosely capitate, large (1’ long,)
deep-purple, twice longer than the cylindrical calyx; calyx-teeth subulate-
72 BOTANY.

setaceous, one-third as long as the tube; keel elongated, nearly straight,
slightly arched at the apex, a little shorter than the wings and banner;
legume 1-12’ long, firmly coriaceous, sessile, densely silky-hirsute, trans-
versely rugose, oblong-lanceolate, arcuate, obcompressed with approaching
sutures at the base, but becoming compressed with prominent sutures towards
the apex, 1-celled, many-seeded.—Found on the foot-hills of the Trinity and
of the East and West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 5-6,000 feet altitude ;
April-July. With exactly the habit of A. Shortianus and also near to glareosus,
but distinguished from both by the very hirsute legume. The pubescence
is less straight and silky than in Shortianus, and on the other hand less
woolly than in Purshii and Utahensis. (273.)

AstracaLus Pursuu, Dougl. Gray’s Rev., 1. c., 212. Nearly acaules-
cent (rarely 6’ high,) canescent with a long and dense woolly pubescence ;
peduncles short (2-3 high;) leaflets 5-8 pairs, lanceolate or oblong, 3-5’
long; flowers 3-1’ long, ochroleucous, with the keel sometimes purplish ;
legume as in the last, but usually smaller, (?’ long,) less arcuate, and with a
more woolly pubescence.—From Green River in Wyoming, Territory west
to the mountains of California and Central Oregon. Frequent in Nevada
from the Washoe to the East Humboldt Mountains; 5-7,000 feet altitude ;
April-July. (274.)

Astracatus Utanensis, T.& G. Gray’s Rev., l.c.. 213. Very near to
the last, from which it differs in being subcaulescent with the short stems
(2-6’ long) prostrate, in its suborbicular leaves, (2—4” in diameter,) in its
usually dark-purple flowers, and in its softer and more dense appressed woolly
pubescence. Reported only from the shores of Salt Lake, but found in the
Virginia and East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, as well as on Antelope
Island and in the Wahsatch; 4,500-6,000 feet altitude; May—August. (275.)

AstRaGaLus Gryeri, Gray; /.c. 214. Annual, low, (3—6’ high,) some-
what simple, subcanescent, with an appressed hairy pubescence; leaflets
linear or oblong, obtuse, glabrous above; peduncles shorter than the leaves,
few-(3-5-)flowered; corolla 3’ long, ochroleucous; calyx-teeth subulate,
about equaling the short campanulate ttbe; legume 8-9” long, membranous,
inflated, ovate-lunate with an incurved acumination, sessile, not mottled,
finely reticulated, glabrous, 1-celled——Collected by Geyer on the Upper
Platte; also by Douglas and Gordon. Found on the foot-hills of the Trinity
CATALOGUE. fo

Mountains, and on sand dunes at Cooper’s Ferry, near Humboldt Lake,
Nevada; May. (276.)

Asrracatus Hooxerranus, Gray ; Z.c., 215. Perennial, silky-pubescent ;
stems low, (2—4’,) ascending, flexuous; stipules lanceolate, lower ones mem-
branous and sheathing; leaflets 6-9 pairs, 2-3” long, oblong or linear-
oblong, or orbicular; spikes short, few-flowered; corolla ochroleucous,
4-5" long; calyx-tube campanulate, the teeth short; legume 1-2’ long,
membranous, inflated, oblong-obovate, rounded at the apex, attenuate at base
into a short stipe, mottled, glabrous, 1-celled—Collected only by Douglas in
the “interior of Oregon,” and by Anderson (273) in the West Humboldt
Mountains, probably on Star Peak, where it grows in the crevices of lime-
stone rocks at an elevation of 10,000 feet; in flower and fruit, September.
A dwarf species of very distinct habit, and easily distinguished by its large
obtuse legume. (277.)

ASTRAGALUS OoPHORUS. Perennial, glabrous throughout; stems 1-2°
long, numerous, subdecumbent ; stipules ovate-acuminate, nearly free ; leaflets
4-6 pairs, 6 9” long, ovate-oblong, obtuse; racemes short, loosely few-(6—10-)
flowered; flowers 4’ long, ochroleucous or tinged with violet, spreading ;
calyx-teeth setaceous, equaling the campanulate tube; legume 2’ long, mem-
branous, inflated, ovate, (the sutures equally arched,) acuminate, upon a stipe
equaling the calyx, reflexed, mottled, glabrous, 1-celled——Near A. curtipes,
Gray. Reese River Pass of the Shoshone Mountains, Nevada; 5,500 feet
altitude; July. (278.)

ASTRAGALUS JEJUNUS. Perennial, dwarf, minutely hoary-pubescent ;
stems short (1-2 long) and crowded, from a many-branching caudex, covered
with numerous imbricated stipules, which are membranous, sheathing, trun-
cate and ciliate; leaflets 4—7 pairs, linear, 1-2” long; peduncles shorter than
the leaves, 2~3-flowered; corolla ochroleucous or tinged with violet, 2” long;
calyx-teeth a little shorter than the campanulate tube; legume 4” long, mem-
branous, inflated, globose, obtuse, sessile, glabrous, wholly 1-celled—An in-
significant species with a starved desert habit, but remarkable for its singu-
larly stipuled stems and obtuse legumes ; growing on the foot-hills of Bear
River Valley, near Evanston, Utah. Pxrare XIII. Fig.1. A stem; natural
size. Figs. 2-5. Parts of the flower; enlarged four diameters. Fig. 6.

Mature legume, opened; enlarged two diameters. (279.)
10
74. BOTANY.

AsTRAGALUS NupUS. Perennial, somewhat hoary with a minute pubes-
cence; stems numerous, ascending, branched, flexuous; stipules ovate-acu-
minate, the lower ones adnate to the petioles; leaflets 4-1’ long, 1-2 pairs,
linear, distant upon a long (4-6’) angular rachis; peduncles equaling the
leaves; flowers (6-8) distant; corolla violet-purple, 9-12” long, twice
longer than the cylindrical calyx; calyx-teeth lanceolate, not half the length
of the tube; legume 2-1’ long, sessile, erect, thick, cartilaginous, glabrous,
oblong-ovate, inflated, not sulcate, the sutures thick and prominent and not
intruded, 1-celled, many-seeded.—Very near A. pectinatus, but distinguished
by its erect and somewhat larger legumes, its few loosely-racemed blue
flowers, and sparse short leaflets. West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada;
5,000 feet altitude; May, June. (280.)

AstraGaLus CuamMmLeuce, Gray; 7/7. c., 222. Perennial, silvery-canes-
cent with a dense silky pubescence ; stems numerous, short, (1—6’,) prostrate,
or nearly acaulescent; stipules ovate, membranous, free; leaflets 2-4” long,
2-6 pairs, oblong, obovate or oval; peduncles shorter than the leaves, slender,
3-8-flowered ; calyx-teeth subulate, much shorter than the cylindrical tube;
corolla light violet, # long; legume 4-1’ long, thick-coriaceous, sessile, ovate-
oblong, acuminate, somewhat arcuate, terete or somewhat obcompressed
and frequently sulcate ventrally, rugosely reticulated and subpubescent,
1-celled, many-seeded.—-From Arizona and New Mexico to Southern Idaho,
(Burke.) Found in Ruby Valley, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch Mountains
and Bear River Valley, Utah; 6—7,000 feet altitude; June, July. The pres-
ent specimens have more numerous and narrower leaflets than usual. (281.)

ASTRAGALUS SPEIROCARPUS, Gray; é.¢., 225. Perennial, somewhat cine-
reous with a minute pubescence; stems 1-2° long, numerous, decumbent,
simple or branched; stipules small, ovate-lanceolate, nearly free; leaflets 4-9
pairs, 83-6” long, obovate or oblong, retuse; racemes loose, secund, rather
few-(10-20-)flowered; flowers 10” long, ochroleucous, keel spurred; the
cylindrical calyx-tube several times longer than the rather short teeth ; legume
1-12’ long, coriaceous, exsertly stipitate, flattened, glabrous, linear-lanceo-
late, spirally coiled, perfectly 1-celled, many-seeded.—The legumes in these
specimens are much thinner and less rugose than in Lyall’s, the sutures not
thickened nor showing any tendency to separation. On the Upper Colum-
bia, (Lyall.) On the Trinity, Pah-Ute and Toyabe Mountains, Nevada ;
6,000 feet altitude; May-July. (282.)
CATALOGUE. 15

ASTRAGALUS CYRTOIDES, Gray; Zc. 201. Proc. Amer. Acad. 6. 525.
Softly pubescent; stems subdecumbent, about 1° long; stipules small;
leaflets 7-10 pairs, 4-6” long, linear-oblong, obovate or obcordate; pedun-
cles much longer than the leaves; racemes spike-like, with spreading or pen-
dulous flowers on short suberect pedicels; calyx-teeth subulate, or ovate,
3-times shorter than the tube; corolla 6-8” long, ochroleucous, half longer
than the calyx; legume cartilaginous, 1-celled, sublinear, terete, acute at each
end, pendent upon a stipe longer than the calyx, strongly arcuate-incurved or
sometimes annular, margined sutures narrow, the ventral one very acute.—
Washington Territory, (Spalding;) near Carson City, Nevada, (Dr. Anderson.)

ASTRAGALUS FILIPES, Torr. Giray’s Rev., /.c., 226. Perennial, minutely
puberulent ; stems 2° long, subdecumbent, simple or branched; stipules
small, free; leaflets 3’ long, 5-8 pairs, linear-oblong, obtuse; peduncles
slender, much exceeding the leaves; racemes loosely 10-20-flowered ; flowers
2’ long, ochroleucous, on slender pedicels, spreading; calyx-tube campanu-
late, twice longer than the short teeth; legume 1’ long, chartaceous, long-
stipitate, flat, glabrous, linear-oblong, straight, reflexed, perfectly 1-celled,
many-seeded.—Collected by Dr. Pickering near Fort Okanagan, Washington
Territory. Pah-Ute and Toyabe Mountains, Nevada; 6,000 feet altitude;
June, July. (283.)

AsTRAGALUS PoRRECTUS. Perennial, subglabrous; stems ascending,
simple, 1-2° long; stipules large and membranous, at least the lower ones
sheathing; leaflets 4-6 pairs, 2’ in diameter, broadly obovate, retuse or ob-
tuse; racemes loosely rather many-flowered, elongating in fruit; flowers
2 long, yellow, spreading, the campanulate calyx-tube scarcely longer than
the subulate teeth ; legume 3_#’ long, chartaceous, flat, glabrous, oblong,
gibbous dorsally, the ventral suture nearly straight, erect upon a spreading
pedicel and stipe that exceeds the calyx, perfectly 1-celled, about 10-seeded—
Of the Homalobus section and of like habit with A. Palmeri. It also much
resembles .A. arrectus, but the structure of the legume is very different.
Trinity Mountains, Nevada; 5,000 feet altitude; May. (284.)

ASTRAGALUS MULTIFLORUS, Gray; Zc. 226. Perennial, somewhat glab-
rous; stems 1° high, numerous, ascending, slender, branched; stipules
dark-colored, the lower ones at least sheathing; leaflets 6-10 pairs, 3-6”
long, linear or narrowly oblong, acute or obtuse; peduncles not exceeding
the leaves, loosely few-flowered; flowers ochroleucous, small, 2-3” long;
76 BOTANY.

the campanulate calyx-tube longer than the teeth and about equaling the
stipe ; legume 4-6” long, chartaceous, exserted, flat, glabrous, oblong, sutures
about equally curved, reflexed, 1-celled, about 6-ovuled, 2—4-seeded.—F rom
Colorado and the plains of Nebraska north to latitude 65°; at Santa Inez,
Southern California, (Antisell.) East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and Bear
River Valley, Utah; 6-10,000 feet altitude; July, August. (285.)

ASTRAGALUS TEGETARIUS. Perennial, dwarf, ceespitose, canescent with
a silky pubescence ; stems 2-6’ long, numerous and branched, from a much
branched caudex, procumbent; stipules membranous, mostly acuminate,
sheathing; leaflets 83-5 pairs, 2-3” long, linear, acute; peduncles slender,
about equaling the leaves, 1-3-flowered; flowers small, 2-3” long, ochro-
leucous, the keel purplish; calyx-teeth as long as the campanulate tube;
legume 9-3" long, chartaceous, sessile, compressed, pubescent, ovate-oblong,
straight, erect, 1-celled, 6-ovuled, 1-2-seeded.—Peaks of the East Humboldt
and Clover Mountains, Nevada; 11-12,000 feet altitude; July-September.
Puare XIII. Fig. 7. A stem; natural size. Fig. 8. Parts of the flower.
Fig. 9. Mature legume. Fig. 10. A legume opened; all enlarged four
diameters. (286.)

AsTRAGALUS CAMPEsSTRIS, Gray; Z. c., 229. Perennial, minutely pubes-
cent or glabrate; stems 3-15’ high, numerous, ascending, slender, simple;
stipules, at least the lower ones, membranous and sheathing; leaflets 5-9
pairs, 3-9’ long, linear, linear-lanceolate or oblong, usually acute; pedun-
cles slender, exceeding the leaves, 5-10-flowered; flowers 4” long, subcap-
itate, ochroleucous, tinged with violet, the keel with a purple long and narrow
inflexed tip ; legume 4-1’ long, chartaceous, sessile, subpuberulent, subcom-
pressed, oblong-linear, nearly straight, (the ventral suture gibbous,) the pedi-
cel at last reflexed, 1-celled, 10-15-ovuled—Rocky Mountains of Colorado,
and northward, (Geyer.) Uinta Mountains, Utah; 8,000 feet altitude; July,
August. (287.)

ASTRAGALUS JUNCEUS, Gray; /. c., 230. Perennial, minutely pubescent
or subglabrous; stems usually solitary, erect, paniculately branched, slender ;
stipules small; petioles slender, sometimes 6’ long, usually naked, or with
1-5 pairs of linear leaflets; peduncles longer than the leaves, 3—7-flowered ;
flowers 4” long, distant, ochroleucous or tinged with violet, the keel remark-
ably incurved; calyx-teeth usually small and obtuse, shorter than the cam-
panulate tube; legume (1-12’ long) as in the last; pubescent.—Colorado
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CATALOGUE. 77

(Parry) and Western Wyoming, (Nuttall) East Humboldt Mountains, Ne-
vada, and in the Wahsatch, Utah; 6—9,000 feet altitude; June-August.
This species should include A. diversitolius, Gray. (288.)

ASTRAGALUS SIMPLICIFOLIUS, Gray; /.¢., 231. Perennial, czespitose in
dense cushioned mats; leaves 4-5” long, hoary with an appressed silky pu-
bescence, simple, linear or spatulate-lanceolate, acute, frequently involute,
crowding the extremities of the numerous short (4’) branches; scapes scarcely
exceeding the leaves, 2-3-flowered; flowers 3” long, purple, the banner and
wings longer than the strongly arched keel; calyx-teeth nearly equaling the
obconical tube; legume 4” long, half included in the calyx, oblong, acute,
subcompressed, glabrous, thick and coriaceous, 1-celled, the ventral suture
straight and very acute, the dorsal gibbous, about 12-ovuled.—Collected only
by Nuttall near the sources of the Platte. Found near Wahsatch Station on
the Union Pacific Railroad, on the summit of the divide between the Weber:
and Bear Rivers; 7,000 feet altitude; May-July. Puare XII. Fig. 3.
A stem; natural size but unusually large. Fig. 4. Calyx; enlarged eight
diameters. Figs. 5-9. Parts of the flower; enlarged four diameters. (289.)

Asrracatus Kernrropuyta, Gray; /. ¢., 231. Perennial, czespitose,
hoary with a short silky pubescence; stems 2-4’ long, numerous and branch-
ing, prostrate, rigid; stipules membranous, mostly connate, often setaceously
or spinosely acuminate; leaflets 2-3 pairs, 2-4” long, linear-subulate, usu-
ally rigid and divaricate, pungent, not jointed with the rachis; flowers 2” long,
upon short pedicels (1-3) in the axils of the leaves, ochroleucous or tinged
with violet; calyx-teeth setaceous, equaling the campanulate tube; legumes
2-8” long, subchartaceous, sessile, pubescent, ovate, acuminate, subcom-
pressed, somewhat incurved, 1-celled, 3-4-ovuled, 1-2-seeded, the valves
separating at maturity—New Mexico, (Inscription Rocks, Bigelow,) Colo-
rado, and Wyoming. On dry barren hillsides in Monitor and Holmes Creek
Valleys, Nevada; 5—6,000 feet altitude; June-September. (290.)

Var. ELATUS. Stems elongated and erect, 6-18’ high, scarcely branched ;
not otherwise different from the usual prostrate form. Holmes Creek Valley,
Nevada; September. (291.)

Oxyrroris campestris, L., Var. viscrpa. (O. viscida, Nutt.) Hairy
and viscid throughout with a resinous exudation ; scapes 3-4’ high, equaling
the leaves; keel tipped with purple—Collected by Nuttall near the sources
of the Columbia. Specimens in Herb. Gray. of Bourgeaw’s from the Rocky
78 BOTANY.

Mountains, ticketed “O. campestris, DC. 2,” are nearly the same, but less
viscid and with scapes exceeding the leaves. Found in the East Humboldt
Mountains, Nevada; 10,000 feet altitude; August. (292.)

Giycyrruiza LEPIpoTA, Nutt. From Arkansas and Missouri north to
Hudson’s Bay and the Saskatchewan and west to Northern Mexico, Califor-
nia and Oregon. In Humboldt and Goose Creek Valleys, Nevada, and in
the Wahsatch Mountains and Salt Lake Valley, Utah; 4,200-6,000 feet alti-
tude; June-October. Known by the Mormons as “ Deseret weed.” (293.)

Hepysarum Macxenzu, Rich. Stems 2° high, suberect, simple or
branched, minutely pubescent; stipules, at least the lower ones, connate;
leaflets 5—8 (usually 5) pairs, canescently pubescent, oblong or lanceolate,
nearly glabrous above; racemes loosely 7-30-flowered, elongating in fruit;
flowers large, 6-9’ long, light purple, the keel somewhat exceeding the
banner and wings; calyx-teeth subulate, longer than the wings; legume 3-4-
jointed, minutely pubescent.—Durand unites this species with H. boreale,
Nutt., but it is kept distinct by Dr. Hooker. From the Saskatchewan north-
ward to the Arctic Sea and Alaska; Utah, (Stansbury.) Found only in the
Wahsatch Mountains; 5—-6,000 feet altitude; May—July. (294.)

Vicia Americana, Muhl. Foliage very variable, even upon the same
plant; the lower leaves usually narrower than the upper, which vary from
linear to ovate, and are acute, obtuse, or truncate, always mucronate. Con-
fined to the banks of streams, sometimes abundant; known as the ‘‘ Peayine.”
From New York and Kentucky north to the Arctic Circle and west to the
Pacific; New Mexico, (Fendler.) In the Washoe Mountains and Pah-Ute
Range, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch and Uintas, Utah; 4,500-6,000 feet
altitude; May-October. (295.)

LatHyrvs POLYPHYLLUS, Nutt. Closely resembling L. maritimus, Big.,
but taller, (2° high,) the stipules semi-cordate or semi-sagittate and usually
much smaller than the leaflets, the peduncles longer than the leaves, (4-6’,)
and the lower segment of the calyx setaceous. Oregon, California, (Brewer,)
and Utah. Frequent in the Wahsatch Mountains; 5-10,000 feet altitude ;
May-July. (296.)

Laruyrus Pauustris, L. Stems narrowly winged; peduncles 4-10-
flowered. From Canada south to Virginia and west through the Saskat-
chewan region to Washington Territory and Northern California. Varieties
are reported from Colorado, Western Texas, and thence west to Arizona and
CATALOGUE. 79

Northern Mexico. Found in the Wahsatch Mountains, Utah; 5-6,000 feet
altitude; May, June. (297.)

Latuyrus ornatus, Nutt. Glabrous or subvillous-pubescent, somewhat
glaucous; stems ascending, 6’-1° high, simple or branched, angular; stip-
ules lanceolate, semi-sagittate, entire; leaflets 4-7 pairs, $-1’ long, lance-
olate-linear or oblong, acute, mucronate, rigid and strongly veined, tendril
very short; peduncles equaling or exceeding the leaves, about 4-(3-8-) flow-
ered; flowers 1’ long, bright purple; calyx-teeth lanceolate, slightly unequal,
shorter than the tube—On the Upper Missouri and Platte. Found in the
Wahsatch Mountains, near Salt Lake City; 5,000 feet altitude; May. De-
scribed by Nuttall as glabrous, but these specimens, like others from Colo
rado, are villous-pubescent. (298.)

ROSACEA.

Prunus Anprersonu, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad. 7. 337. Very glabrous;
branches thorny; leaves fascicled, small, (4-12” long,) oblong or lanceolate-
spatulate, attenuate into a slender petiole, obtuse or occasionally acute, deli-
cately veined and somewhat nerved, without glands; flowers 2-3 in the axils,
on rather long pedicels, (2-3” ;) calyx ebracteolate, with the lobes entire and
shorter than the turbinate tube; petals 3” long, rose-color; ovary and base
of the style very hirsute; drupe puberulent, somewhat fleshy, subglobose.—
A diffusely branched shrub, 2-3° high, the flowers appearing with the leaves,
which are apparently convolute in estivation; the fruit is half an inch in
diameter, scarcely eatable, with an orbicular subcompressed stone, which is
acutely pointed, rather sharply margined and nearly smooth. Collected by
Dr. Anderson and Dr. Torrey near Carson City, and frequent on the foot-hills
of the Washoe, Trinity and West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 5,000 feet
altitude; April-June. (299.)

Pruyus EMARGINATA, Walp. (Céerasus, Dougl.) Leaves oval, oblong or
oblanceolate, usually obtuse and often emarginate, nearly glabrous, bi-gland-
ular; corymb few-flowered; calyx-segments ovate, obtuse, reflexed; drupes
globose.—C. mollis, Dougl., with somewhat tomentose-pubescent leaves and
calyx, is referred to this species. Oregon and Northern California, and col-
lected by Dr. Anderson near Carson City, Nevada. Found in the Washoe
Mountains near the same locality ; a straggling bush, 4° high, without leaf or
flower in April; 7,000 feet altitude. (300.)
80 BOTANY.

Prunus Virerniana, L. (2?) Scarcely flowering specimens only, from
trees having a very different habit from the next, 15° high and 6-10’ in di-
ameter, in a locality where P. demissa was but 2° high, with thinner leaves
and short racemes, (2’ long.) The young racemes have unusually large mem-
branous bracts, and the stipules are likewise conspicuous. West Humboldt
Mountains, Nevada; 9,000 feet altitude. The species is found from New-
foundland to Louisiana and the Arctic Circle, in New Mexico, Colorado and
northward. It has not hitherto been reported from west of the Rocky
Mountains. (301.)

Prunus pemissa, Walp. (Cerasus, Nutt.) Glabrous; leaves thickish,
obovate or oval, abruptly pointed, sharply (often doubly) serrate with straight
teeth, petiole mostly biglandular ; racemes 3-4’ long, densely flowered ; petals
orbicular, 2” in diameter; fruit purplish-black—Shrubby, often fruiting
freely at the height of two feet, but reaching 12° in height in favorable locali-
ties, and 4~6’ in diameter; with the thick leaf of P. seroténa and a pleasanter
fruit, it otherwise more resembles P. Virginiana, and is also commonly known
as the “choke cherry.” In the mountains from the Columbia to Southern
California; New Mexico, (Fendler.) Frequent in Nevada and Utah, from
the Washoe Mountains to the Wahsatch; 5-10,000 feet altitude; flowering
in May and June, fruit ripening in September. A variety was met with
having the fruit light-red, larger, more juicy, and with a thinner skin. (302.)

Spirza oputirouia, L. From Georgia to Missouri and northward to
Canada and the Saskatchewan; also in Oregon, California, and New Mexico,
(Bigelow.) Frequent in the Tuilla, Wahsatch and Uinta Mountains, Utah;
5,000 feet altitude. (303.)

Var. pAucIFLORA, Hook. Leaves smaller, nearly glabrous; corymb few-
flowered; carpels 2-4 or sometimes solitary, tomentose.—These specimens
from several stations in the East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and from
Stansbury Island in Salt Lake, have the leaves for the most part tomentose
with a minute stellate pubescence, especially beneath, sometimes nearly
glabrous; corymbs 5-10-flowered, very shortly peduncled or sessile, flowers
rather smaller; ovary always solitary; stamens 20, or sometimes 15. A
small shrub, 2° high; certainly as deserving the rank of a species as the fol-
lowing. (304.)

Spirza pumosa, Nutt. (S. ariefolia, Var. discolor, T. & G.) Leaves
broadly ovate, cuneate and petioled, obtuse, sublobate and dentate, the serra-
CATALOGUE. 81

tures scarcely mucronate, lighter coloredZand sericeous beneath, smoother
or nearly glabrous above; flowers numerous, in more or less branched ter-
minal panicles, branches and calyx tomentose-pubescent; calyx-segments
ovate, spreading; carpels very hirsute—A low branching shrub, 2-3° high,
with small leaves 3-1’ long, confined to dry cliffs and mountain-sides.
Rocky Mountains of New Mexico, Colorado and Wyoming, west to Califor-
nia (Brewer) and Oregon, (Geyer.) Throughout Nevada and Utah; 5-10,000
feet altitude; July-September. It takes the place in the mountains eastward
of the much taller and larger-leaved S. arigfolia of the valleys of Oregon and
California, upon which Pursh probably founded his S. discolor. His speci-
mens, however, were from nearly the same region as Geyer’s, and may belong
to this species, in which case his name has the precedence. (305.)

Spir#a caspiTosa, Nutt. Shrubby, prostrate; leaves rosulate on the
very short matted branches, small, (2—-6” long,) spatulate-oblong, entire, silky-
villous; flowering stems erect, 1-5’ high, rarely branched, with small scat-
tered leaves; flowers in a dense cylindrical spike, white; carpels 3-5, dis-
tinct—Growing upon limestone cliffs, the stems hugging the rocks, and
forming dense green mats, the branchlets beneath compacted with persistent
dead leaves of previous years. The stems attain considerable size, sometimes
an inch or more in diameter at base, but the absence of annual rings prevents
a determination of their age. Collected in Chihuahua, New Mexico, and
Northern Arizona, at the sources of the Platte, and at Crater Pass in the Cas-
cade Mountains, Oregon, (Newberry.) In the East and West Humboldt
Mountains, Nevada; 6—9,000 feet altitude; August-October. (306.)

Var. ELATIOR. Flowering stems taller, (6-10',) branched, the lateral
spikes short; leaves an inch or more long; flowers somewhat variable ; petals
orbicular to linear-spatulate, smooth or hairy within; ovaries as many as the
lobes of the calyx, (5-8,) very hairy or nearly smooth.—Found at the eastern
end of the Raft River Mountains, Utah; 7,000 feet altitude. (807.)

_ Rusus Nurganus, Mog. Stems 2-3° high, with the large leaves (4-6’
in diameter) nearly glabrous; fruit rather large but thin, light red, with an
agreeable peculiar flavor; flowers 14’ in diameter. From Southern Alaska
to Northern California and to the eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains and
Colorado ; New Mexico, (Fendler;) and shores of Lake Superior. In the

11
89 BOTANY.

East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, rare; much more frequent in the Wah-
satch; 7,000 feet altitude; June-August. (308.)

Rusus srricosus, Mx. From Pennsylvania to Newfoundland, Hudson’s
Bay, and the Great Slave Lake, thence south along the Rocky Mountains to
Colorado (R. Ideus, 212 Parry) and New Mexico, (Fendler.) Rare and al-
pine in the East Humboldt and Clover Mountains, Nevada; 10,000 feet alti-
tude; more frequent in the Wahsatch and Uintas, at an elevation of
5,500-7,500 feet. (309.)

Rusus teucopermis, Dougl. Glaucous, armed with very strong re-
curved prickles; stems erect ; 3-foliolate or pedately 5-foliolate ; leaflets
broadly ovate, incised and serrate, acute, canescently tomentose beneath, the
upper long-petiolulate, the two lower smaller and nearly sessile; stipules se-
taceous; peduncles axillary and terminal, few-flowered ; petals nearly equal-
ing the sepals; fruit large, brownish black with a white bloom.—Resembling
R. occidentalis. Oregon; San Francisco Mountains, New Mexico, (Bigelow.)
Found only in the Wahsatch Mountains, Cottonwood Cafion; 6,000 feet alti-
tude; in fruit, July. (810.)

Poursaia! rripentata, DC. Of dense growth, 2-4° high; stipules
minute; leaves 3-12” long; calyx-lobes ovate, obtuse; petals obovate, ex-
ceeding the calyx, 3-5” long; fruit 4’ long, tardily dehiscent, 2-valved—
From Colorado, Northern Arizona (Ives) and California to Washington Ter-
ritory and the sources of the Missouri. On foot-hills in Nevada and Utah, in
many places very abundant; 5—6,000 feet altitude ; May-October. (811.)

Cercocarpus® parvirouius, Nutt. A shrub, 2~10° high, branching
from the ground; leaves 4-13’ long, cuneiform-obovate, silky-pubescent or

 

1PURSHIA, DC. Calyx persistent, tubular-infundibuliform, imbricately 5-lobed. Petals 5, un-
guiculate. Stamens 10-25, in one series, with free filiform filaments and large anthers. Carpels 1-2,
free; style short, curved, persistent, stigmatose at the top and one side; ovule solitary, erect. Fruit
coriaceous, ovate-oblong, pubescent, sessile, exceeding the calyx. Seed with a membranous double testa,
the two coatings separated from each other by a layer of deep-purple intensely bitter granular matter ;
cotyledons flat, obovate; radicle short, inferior.—A diffusely branched leafy shrub, tomentose and some-
what glandular-pubescent upon the leaves, calyx and fruit; leaves small, alternate and fasicled, subcu-
heiform, 3-cleft, the lobes short-linear with revolute margins, canescent beneath; flowers yellow, subses-
Bile, solitary, axillary and terminal.

*CERCOCARPUS, HBK. Calyx-tube persistent, cylindrical, long and pedicelliform, terete; lobes
of the hemispheric deciduous limb 5, small, valvate. Potals none. Stamens 15-25, in 2-3 series, seated
on the limb of the calyx, with short free incurved filaments, and anthers often pubescent. Ovary solitary,
with a single suberect ovule; style filiform, villous. Achenium linear-oblong, coriaceous, included in the
calyx, caudate with the persistent long plumose style; seed linear, with membranous testa, elongated

cotyledons, and inferior radicle.—Shrubs or trees, with alternate simple leaves and axillary or terminal
flowers, Brntu. & Hoo.
CATALOGUE. 83

nearly glabrous above, tomentosc-canescent beneath, serrately toothed toward
the apex, strongly nerved ; flowers solitary or 2-4 together, on slender pedi-
cels; calyx-tube becoming } in length; tail of the fruit (4/ long) densely
plumose.—From New Mexico northward to Wyoming Territory and west to
California. Found in the Wahsatch and Uinta Mountains, but not seen in
Nevada; 6-7,000 feet altitude; in flower and fruiting, July. (312.)

Crrcocarpus LEDIFoLIus, Nutt. Leaves $-1}' long, coriaceous, lance-
olate, entire, nearly veinless with a strong midnerve, margins revolute, usually
glabrous above and more or less tomentose beneath, somewhat fascicled ;
flowers 2-6 together, sessile; calyx-tube becoming 4” long; tail of the fruit
very plumose, 3’ long, twisted.—An evergreen, with hard heavy dark-col-
ored wood, and known as “mountain mahogany ;” not usually exceeding
10-15° in height and 6-12’ in diameter, and much resembling the apple tree
in habit, but sometimes becoming a handsome tree 24° through and 40° or
more high. It is quite variable in its pubescence and the flowers are very
rarely 2-carpelled. Nuttall describes the achenium as 2-seeded; this does
not appear to be the case. Frequent on mountain-sides through Nevada and
Utah from the Washoe Mountains to the Wahsatch, extending into Idaho and
California; 6—8,000 feet altitude; June-September. (313.)

CERCOCARPUS BREVIFLORUS, Gray. Plant. Wright. 2. 54. Leaves 3’
long, coriaceous, spatulate-oblong or linear by the revolution of the margins,
entire, sessile, somewhat fascicled, silky-puberulent on both sides or glabrous
above; flowers sessile, solitary or in pairs, rather small, 2” in diameter;
calyx becoming 2” long; the plumosely-tailed fruit 1-2’ in length—A very
diffuse densely and rigidly branched evergreen shrub, 1-6° high; the leaves
on these specimens are strongly revolute, shining above, the branchlets almost
spinose. Collected by Wright near Frontera in New Mexico; now found
only in the American Fork caiton of the Wahsatch Mountains, Utah; 5,000
feet altitude. (314.)

Cowanta! Mexicana, Don. (C. Stansburiana, Torr. Stans. Rep., p. 386,
t..3.) leaves 4-7” long, terminating the branchlets, cuneate at base and

 

1COWANIA, Don. Tube of the persistent calyx turbinate; limb 5-lobed, valvate. Petals 5,
obovate, spreading, exceeding the calyx. Stamens numerous, crowded in 2 series, inserted on the mouth
of the calyx; filaments for the most part free, short, incurved. Carpels 5-12, sessile, free, villous, 1-celled;
style short, villous; ovule solitary, ascending. Achenia included in the calyx and terminated with the
very long plumose styles. Seed erect; testa membranous; albumen thin; cotyledons oblong; radicle
inferior—Much branched shrubs, with small alternate coriaceous plicate divided leaves, margins revo-
lute, white-tomentose beneath, and large sessile solitary terminal flowers, BENTH. & Hoo.
84. BOTANY.

short petioled, pinnatifidly 3—7-lobed, lobes oblong or linear, somewhat gla-
brous above, dotted with conspicuous glands; flowers on short peduncles,
yellow, 1’ in diameter; calyx glandular-tomentose, with broad and obtuse
segments; achenium 8” long, glabrous or slightly hairy, striate; style
2’ long, densely plumose——A handsome shrub, 1-6° high; the trunk cov-
ered with an abundant loose shreddy cream-colored bark; the wood light-
colored, hard, very compact and fine grained; blooming abundantly in May
and retaining its fruit until October; well worthy of cultivation. Northwest-
ern Mexico, Arizona, New Mexico and Utah. Found on Antelope Butte,
Nevada, and frequent on the foot-hills above the Salt Lake Valley ; 5-6,000
feet altitude. (315.)

Dryas ocToreTaLA, L. Leaves oblong, oblong-ovate or subcordate, ob-
tuse, crenately serrate, white-tomentose beneath, veins prominent and margins
revolute; sepals linear-lanceolate ; flowers white or yellowish.—From Green-
land south to Labrador and Canada and west to Behring Strait, and on the
alpine peaks of the Rocky Mountains southward to Colorado. Found on the
Uinta Mountains, Utah; 11-12,000 feet altitude; August. The flowers are
decidedly yellow and the sepals are variable in form, the length often scarcely
twice the width. It would seem that D. Drummondii should share the fate
of D. integrifolia. (316.)

GeuM mMacroPpHyLLuM, Willd. New Hampshire, Canada, and the west-
ern lake region; from Alaska to California, (Mono Pass, Bolander;) New
Mexico, (Fendler.) Found on stream banks in Ruby and Thousand Spring
Valleys, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch ; 6,000 feet altitude; June-Septem-
ber. (317.)

GUM TRIFLORUM, Pursh. From Newfoundland to Northern New York,
Illinois and Missouri, to latitude 60°, and in the mountains westward; re-
ported from Washington Territory, California, Northern Arizona, (Ives,) and
Colorado. Found in the Battle Mountains, Nevada, and in the Uintas, Utah;
7-8,000 feet altitude; June-August. . (318.)

Geum Rosst, Seringe. Scape 1-flowered, 3-8’ high, slightly pubes-
cent above, somewhat 2-leaved; radical leaves interruptedly pinnate, rather
glabrous, minutely ciliate, leaflets ovate or cuneiform, 2-3-lobed or entire;
flowers erect; calyx-lobes ovate, spreading, shorter than the roundish petals ;
carpels in a sessile head, minutely hirsute; styles persistent, glabrous, not
exserted in fruit—NMelville Island, Behring Strait, and the Rocky Mountains
CATALOGUE. 85

of Colorado. Found on the Uinta Mountains, Utah; 10-12,000 feet alti-
tude; August. (319.)

Var. p., T. & G. Silky-pubescent; stems taller, 8’/-1° high, some-
times 2—5-flowered. Unalaska and Colorado. East Humboldt Mountains,
Nevada; 9,000 feet altitude; August. (320.)

Fracaria vesca, L. Throughout the Northern States and to the Arctic

Circle ; Washington Territory to California ; New Mexico, (Fendler and Big-
elow.) Near Washoe Lake, Nevada, at 5,000 feet altitude, in May, and in
the Uinta Mountains, Utah, at 8,000 feet altitude; not yet in fruit, July and
August. (321.)
- Fracarra Virerniana, Ehrh. Var. (?) etavca. Fruit ovate, pitted,
sessile ; calyx not reflexed ; peduncles shorter than the leaves ; leaves glabrous,
slightly hairy upon the veins beneath, ciliate, glaucous ; peduncles and petioles
more or less tinged with red, sparingly pubescent with subappressed hairs;
very stoloniferous—In the Wahsatch and Uintas; 6-7,000 feet altitude;
June, and in July in fruit. Differing from F. Virginiana chiefly in the per-
fectly smooth and glaucous surface of the leaf, much more remarkable in the
green than in the dried plant. (322.)

Potentitta Norweaica, L. From Labrador and the Northern States
to the Arctic Circle and on the western coast as far south as the Columbia
River; New Mexico, (Fendler.) In the Uintas; rare, a single specimen only
being collected, but that a well-marked one; 6,000 feet altitude; July.
Dr. Hayden reports it from Wyoming Territory. (323.)

POTENTILLA MILLEGRANA, Engelm. Lehm. Rev. Potent., p.201. Stems
slender, 1-3° high, erect or decumbent, leafy, subvillous-pubescent, branch-
ing above into elongated loosely many-flowered branchlets; leaves ternate,
the lower on long petioles, leaflets 1-13’ long, obovate, becoming oblong-
lanceolate above, obtusely serrate, pubescent or nearly glahrous; flowers
small, (2” in diameter,) numerous and loosely panicled; stamens usually 10,
two opposite each sepal; seeds small, usually smooth.—Distinguished from
P. Norwegica by its slender habit, smaller leaves, and smaller more numer-
ous and more loosely panicled flowers. The mature seeds are often as large,
as dark-colored, and sometimes as striate as in Norwegica, and the calyx en-
larges in fruit but does not exceed 6-7” in diameter. Collected in Missouri,
Colorado, on the east slope of the Sierra Nevadas, (Brewer,) and in Arizona
86 BOTANY.

at Fort Mohave, (Cooper.) It is of frequent occurrence on stream banks
through Nevada and Utah; 4-6,000 feet altitude; June-September. (324.)

Var. Growing in damp shade; stems 2° long, decumbent, weak, divar-
icately branched, and with the petioles somewhat viscidly pubescent; leaflets
glabrous, very thin, 2’ long; outer calyx-segments spreading and foliaceous ;
seeds white, small, and very smooth. (325.)

PotenTILLA Pennsytvanica, L., Var. stricosa, Pursh. Low; leaflets
mostly tomentose on both surfaces, deeply pectinate-divided ; segments linear,
entire, with revolute margins; stipules laciniate—Rocky Mountains of Colo-
rado. On rocky ridges in the East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 9,000
feet altitude; August. (326.)

PoTENTILLA DIVERSIFoLIA, Lehm. More or less silky-pubescent with
white hairs; stems ascending; radical leaves 5-7-foliolate, the cauline sub-
sessile and usually 3—-5-foliolate, either pinnate, pedate or palmate; leaflets

unequal, cuneiform, incisely toothed or lobed, the lobes silky-villous at the
| apex; stipules ovate-lanceolate, entire; flowers few or several, on long divari-
cate or erect pedicels; petals obcordate, nearly twice the length of the calyx;
styles slender, not fleshy nor thickened at base—A low alpine or subalpine
species, rarely attaining a foot in height, and exceedingly variable in its leaf-
section. Several very diverse forms occur in the collection, some of which
probably merit the rank of varieties. In the Rocky Mountains from Colorado
to latitude 56°. Varieties are found also in the Sierras of California. The
typical form was collected in the East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada;
9 -10,000 feet altitude; July, August. (327.)

Var. GLAUCOPHYLLA, Lehm. 7. c., p. 73., ¢. 31. Glaucous-green; leaves
digitate, nearly glabrous on both sides; leaflets silky on the margin, with un-
equal segments—Rocky Mountains of Wyoming (Nuttall) and Colorado,
(219 Parry, 171 Vasey;) collected also by Bourgeau in British America.
Found on the East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and on the Uintas;
9-12,000 feet altitude; August. (328.) There is also what seems to be a
reduced form of this, with the three upper leaflets cuneate, 3-lobed at the
apex, the lower entire and scattered along the rachis or wanting; stems
1-3-flowered. Uinta Mountains; 12,000 feet altitude; August. (329.)

Var. muLtisEcTA. Canescent with a not very dense silky pubescence;
leaves digitate or nearly so, the leaflets digitately or pinnately divided and
CATALOGUE. 87

the segments linear—East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 9,000 feet alti-
tude; July. (830.)

Var. pinnaTisEcTa. Silky-pubescent; leaves pinnate, leaflets cuneate-
ovate or oblong, pinnately lobed, the segments oblong—This approaches and
may be the same as P. Plattensis, Nutt., which however was collected by him
on the plains of the Platte, while these specimens, as well as somewhat simi-
lar ones from Colorado and the Sierras (161 Hall & Harbour, 165 Vasey,
5084 Bolander) are decidedly alpine. P. Soongarica, Bunge, scarcely differs
from some of these specimens. East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and on
the Wahsatch and Uintas; 10-11,000 feet altitude; July, August. (831.)
A still more alpine form of this variety, more densely pubescent and with
smaller and more crowded leaflets, was collected in the Clover Mountains,
and in the Uintas; 11-12,000 feet altitude; August, September. (332.)

PorENTILLA PULCHERRIMA, Lehm. (P. Pennsylvanica, var. pulcherrima,
T. & G.) Stem ascending, villous; leaves 7-9-foliolate, upper ones 5-folio-
late, leaflets crowded or even digitate, elliptic, equally serrate, appressed-
pilose above, white-tomentose beneath; stipules ovate, acute, entire; flowers
upon slender pedicels in a loose corymbed panicle; petals obcordate, longer
than the acuminate green sepals; styles slender, not fleshy nor thickened at
base—Stems tall (2° high) and slender, with 1-2 leaves, few from one root,
somewhat purplish; leaflets 1-3’ long; flowers bright orange, in an open pan-
icle; sepals not tomentose. This species has been considered a variety of
P. Pennsylvanica, but is distinguished by its long slender styles and its much
looser panicles. If reduced, it must be referred rather to P. nivea, as Penn-
sylvanica to sericea. Collected by Drummond in the Rocky Mountains, lati-
tude 52-56°. East, Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and Uintas; 6,500—8,000
feet altitude; July. (333.) Some of the specimens collected have the
leaves perfectly digitate; evidently the same as the last, and sometimes grow-
ing with it. From the East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and the Wah-
satch ; 5,500 feet altitude; June, July. (334.)

PoTenTILLA nivEA, L. Villous or tomentose; stems ascending, few-
flowered ; leaves mostly radical, palmately 3- (rarely 5-)foliolate ; leaflets oval
or obovate-cuneiform, pinnatifid, toothed or incised, silky-hirsute or nearly
glabrous above, canescent-tomentose beneath; stipules lanceolate, entire ;
petals broadly obcordate, longer than the acute calyx-segments.—A low arctic
88 BOTANY.

or alpine species. Greenland, Labrador, and the Arctic Coast to Behring
Strait and southward in the Rocky Mountains to Colorado. Found in the
Uintas ; 11,000 feet altitude; August. The specimens are 3- (a single one
pinnately 5-)foliolate. 215 Parry and 172 Vasey are the same, while 217
Parry, 159 and 160 Hall & Harbour, and 164 Vasey, which are digitately
5- (sometimes pinnately 7-)foliolate, and also larger, would seem to connect
this species and the last. (335.)

PorENTILLA GRACILIS, Dougl. Stem erect, tall, (2° high,) villous-
pubescent; leaves palmately 5—7-foliolate, the radical on long petioles, the
cauline (1-2) often subsessile; leaflets oblanceolate, deeply pinnatifid-serrate
with lanceolate spreading teeth, canescently tomentose beneath; stipules
large, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, entire or coarsely toothed; cyme fastigiate,
somewhat crowded; peduncles strict, becoming elongated ; petals obcordate,
exceeding the ovate-lanceolate acute villous-tomentose sepals; styles slender.—
Somewhat resembling P. pulcherrima, but stouter, more strictly and densely
corymbed, the leaflets more deeply serrate, more silky-pubescent on the upper
surface, and very rarely subpinnate. From Washington Territory to the
plains of the Saskatchewan; Wyoming Territory (Frémont.) Near streams
in the Pah-Ute and Shoshone Mountains and Ruby Valley, Nevada, and in
the Wahsatch ; 6,000 feet altitude; June, July. (336.) -

Var. Stems low, (6-9 high,) ascending; canescently silky-tomentose.
This is probably Nuttall’s P. fastigiata. Diamond Valley, Nevada. (337.)

Var. FLABELLIFoRMIS, Nutt. Tall; leaves 5—9-foliolate; leaflets crowded,
deeply pinnatifid, the lobes linear-lanceolate——Saskatchewan region, Oregon,
and Northern California. Havallah and East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada;
6;000 feet altitude. (338.)

Porentitna Nurratitu, Lehm. (P. rigida, Nutt.) Pubescent with
short appressed hairs ‘and minutely glandular,” not canescent; stem erect,
stout; leaves palmately 5—7-foliolate, leaflets cuneiform-oblong, deeply pinna-
tifid-toothed, segments lanceolate; stipules broadly ovate, mostly entire ;
petals broadly obcordate, exceeding the ovate-lanceolate sepals —Tall (18-30
high) and rather stout; Potentilla (1) of Bourgeau, 179 Anderson, 98 Bridges,
5036 Bolander, &c., varying in some respects, are apparently the same, though
the glandular character of the pubescence is wanting in all. From Nebraska
and the Saskatchewan to Oregon and California. On stream banks in
CATALOGUE. 89

Truckee Valley and East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 4-9,000 feet alti-
tude; July-September. (339.)

Porentitua ANsERINA, L. From Pennsylvania to Wisconsin and north
to Greenland, throughout British America and Alaska, and from the Rocky
Mountains west to California and Oregon; New Mexico. Diamond and Ruby
Valleys, Nevada, and in the Jordan Valley and the Wahsatch; 4,300-6,000
feet altitude; May—July. (840.)

PorenTinLa FrRuticosa, L. From the Northern States throughout
British America to the Rocky Mountains and Behring Strait; in the mount-
ains of Wyoming, Colorado, and California. In the East Humboldt Mount-
ains and the valleys on each side, and in the Uintas; 6-11,000 feet altitude ;
July, August. (341.) The alpine form, somewhat reduced and of more
compact growth, has the leaves very short and linear. (342.)

POTENTILLA GLANDULOSA, L. Stem erect, branched above, villous-
pubescent, viscid toward the summit, as also the peduncles and calyx; leaves
pinnately 5—9-foliolate; leaflets ovate or roundish, or of the nearly sessile cau-
line leaves obovate or oblong, all deeply and often doubly serrate-toothed or
incised ; stipules mostly entire; branches of the cyme elongated and rather
loosely flowered ; calyx-segments ovate, acute, equaling the broadly oval yel-
low petals; style fusiform and fleshy, inserted below the middle of the
ovary; disk conspicuous but not glandular—Stem 2° high; distinguished
from P. arguta by its more numerous and slender branches and looser heads
of somewhat smaller flowers, and by the eglandular disk. Oregon and Cali-
fornia. Found in the Pah-Ute, Battle, and East Humboldt Mountains, Ne-
vada, and in the Wahsatch; 5-6,500 feet altitude; May—September. (343.)

PorENTILLA PROCUMBENS, Clairv. (Sibbaldia, L.) Greenland, Labra-
dor, and the White Mountains; Unalaska; the Rocky Mountains from Colo-
rado to latitude 56°, and the Sierras of California. Found on the East
Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and on the Uintas; 10-12,000 feet altitude ;
August. (344.)

Horxexia! paRviFLora, Nutt. Tomentose; stem 1° high, viscidly-vil-
lous above, leafy; radical leaves 9~13-foliolate; leaflets short, roundish, the

 

1HORKELIA, Cu. & Scut. Calyx campanulate, 10-cleft. Petals unguiculate or spatulate, (white

or pink.) Stamens 10, inserted on the throat of the calyx; filaments short, dilated, usually deltoid, peta~

loid and persistent. Carpels many, or sometimes rather few, upon a small elevated villous receptacle ;

“style articulated with the top of the ovary.—Leaves pinnate with numerous leaflets, which are somewhat
scattered, usually cleft or parted, the upper ones confluent. GRay, Proc. Amer. Acad. 6, 528.

12
90 BOTANY.

upper ones cuneiform, incised; stipules ovate-lanceolate, small, entire or
toothed; flowers crowded, fastigiately cymose ; bracts short, 3-5-cleft; calyx-
lobes narrowly triangular, exceeding the linear-subulate accessory ones ; petals

spatulate, longer than the calyx—Root thick, fusiform ; flowers small, rose-
color. Oregon, (Nuttall) Near Carson City, (112 Anderson,) and Lake
Washoe, (123 Torrey.)

Ivesia? Gorpont, T. & G. (Horkelia, Hook., Kew Jour. Bot. 5. 341, ¢.
12.) Viscid-pubescent or glabrate; stems 3-8’ high, several from a thick
resinous caudex, exceeding the leaves; leaflets 2-3” long, about 20 pairs, 3-5-
parted, segments cuneate-oblong or linear-oblong, obtuse, entire or bifid; the
single cauline leaf 4-1’ long, subpinnately divided with entire leaflets ; stipules
ovate-lanceolate, entire; cyme capitate, many-flowered; calyx turbinate, the
lobes triangular-ovate, a little longer than the accessory linear ones; petals
yellow, oblong or oblanceolate, about equaling the shorter sepals, (or subor-
bicular and exceeding the calyx ;) stamens 5; receptacle long-villous ; carpels
1-3, usually 2, (sometimes 6—14.)—The numerous specimens of the collection
are constant in their characters, having but 1-3 carpels, 5 stamens, and short
narrow sepals, (both before and after anthesis,) and accord in these respects
with 1896 and 2071 Brewer. His 1698 and 1723 differ in their much larger
conspicuous orbicular petals and in their larger number of carpels. But the
number both of carpels and stamens is variable in most of the species of the
genus. J. lycopodioides, described as pentandrous, has sometimes 10-15 sta-
mens, and J. pygmea has often as many as 15 carpels. Both differ from J
Gordoni in their much less villous receptacle and shallower calyx. On the
Upper Platte, (Gordon ;) New Mexico and the Sierras of California. Abund-
ant in localities in the Wahsatch and Uintas at an elevation of 9-10,000 feet ;
July, August. (345.)

Ivesta Batueyi. Viscidly pubescent; stems several, 3~6’ high, from a
thick perennial branching caudex, slender, branching above, exceeding the
leaves ; leaflets 2-3’ long, 3-10 pairs, broadly ovate or flabelliform, 3-7-
toothed or 3-7-parted; stipules ovate, entire or 2-3-toothed ; flowers axillary

 

*IVESIA, T. & G. Calyx campanulate or cyathiform at base, 10-cleft. Stamens definite, (5, 10,
15, 20;) filaments slender, narrowly subulate or filiform. Carpels few, sometimes solitary, upon a small
villous receptacle; style subterminal—Leaves pinnate, leaflets very numerous, small, palmately or pe-
dately-parted, closely crowded, sometimes quasi-verticillate or imbricate on all sides of the rachis; petals
broadly obovate, scarcely unguiculate, becoming spatulate. Gray, Proc. Amer, Acad. 6. 530.

This genus, as well as the preceding one, is reduced to Potentilla by Bentham and Hooker and by

other botanists. However correct this may prove to be, it is thought best here to consider them as
distinct,
CATALOGUE. 91

upon slender pedicels, in a loose open panicle, nodding in fruit; calyx con-
cave or broadly turbinate, the lobes ovate-triangular, acute, a little longer
than the oblong obtuse accessory segments; petals yellow, spatulate-oblong,
shorter than the sepals; stamens 5; carpels 1-5; receptacle flattened, very
hirsute—Resembling Potentilla Newberryi, Gray, (L gracilis, Torr.,) but dif-
fering in its perennial root, the small number of stamens and carpels, the
style not at all enlarged or glandular at base, the small receptacle, and the
achenium but slightly rugose. P. Newberryi was found on the shore of Rhett
Lake in Northern California. This species is confined to the dry debris of
granite rocks on mountain ridges. West Humboldt Mountains, Wright’s
Cafion, Nevada, (W. W. Bailey ;) 7,000 feet altitude; September. The
typical form has the leaflets toothed but not parted, and but 1-3 car-
pels. (846.)

Var. setosa. Leaflets deeply lobed or parted, the segments setose at
the tip; carpels 5. East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, (Frémont’s Pass ;)
7,000 feet altitude; August. (347.)

Ivesta Kieu. Stems several from a thick perennial root, decumbent
or ascending, 6’-1° long, and with the leaves very glabrous and glaucous ;
leaflets (often imbricated on the younger leaves) ternate, the segments 1-3”
long, ovate, oblong or orbicular, entire, occasionally bristle-pointed, the cau-
line leaves often with simple leaflets; cyme loosely panicled; the calyx and
slender elongated pedicels somewhat pubescent; accessory lobes narrow-
subulate, shorter than the lanceolate true ones; petals 2” long, white, un-
guiculate, orbicular, emarginate, longer than the sepals; stamens 20, (some-
times 15,) apparently in 2 rows, 2 opposite each sepal, and the intermediate
ones inserted lower upon the broadly turbinate calyx-tube ; anthers not mu-
cronulate; carpels 5—-8.—Near J. Pickeringii, Torr. Found in wet clayey
subalkine soils in Monitor, Diamond and Ruby Valleys, Nevada; 6,000 feet
altitude; July. (348.)

Rosa suanpa, Ait. From Vermont to Pennsylvania and Wisconsin,
west to the Rocky Mountains, and north to the Arctic Circle ; California, and
in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado and New Mexico. Frequent on
stream banks in the mountain ranges through Nevada, and in the Wahsatch ;
4,500-8,000 feet altitude; May—September. Usually 4-6° high and grow-
ing in dense thickets; sometimes, among trees, climbing to the height of 15°;
fruit globose or obovate; calyx-segments tomentose on the edges. (349.) ~
92 BOTANY.

Rosa FRAXINIFOLIA, Bork. Resembling the last; flowers large, 3’ in
- diameter, and fruit also much larger, 6-8” in diameter; rather more pubes-
cent and glandular; 2~3° high, growing solitary on dry ridges—The more
usual form in Utah; not seen in Nevada. Common from Washington Territory
to Northern California; Wyoming Territory, (Frémont.) (850.)

Pyrgus samBucirouia, Ch. & Schl. From the northern frontier of the
United States to latitude 55-60° and west to the Pacific; Cascade Mountains,
Washington Territory; Rocky Mountains of Colorado, (Vasey.) Found in
the East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, (rare,) and in the Wahsatch and
Uintas; 7—8,000 feet altitude ; June-September. (351.)

CRATHGUS RIvULARIS, Nutt. (?) Leaves obovate, subrhomboidal or
lanceolate, cuneate at base and attenuate into a slender petiole, acuminate,
unequally serrate, sometimes slightly lobed, slightly pubescent above with
the petiole, at length coriaceous and shining; corymb glabrous or somewhat
pubescent, 6—-12-flowered ; calyx-segments long-acuminate, subglandular, as
also the slender pedicels; petals rather large, 2-3” in diameter; styles
3-5; fruit large, 4-6” in diameter, dull purple with whitish dots, juicy and
edible—A shrub 8-12° high, with reddish branches and few short stout
thorns. There is an uncertainty in the determination of these specimens ;
they certainly do not agree with Nuttall’s description in the characters of the
calyx, and the leaves are rarely obtuse as in his scant specimen in Herb.
Torrey ; nor yet do they accord with Var. Douglasii, T. & G., of C. sanguinea,
Pall., (which had been before referred to both punctata and glandulosa, and
made by Lindley a distinct species, C. Douglasii,) which has broadly ovate
leaves, doubly serrate and usually lobed, and smaller fruit. Banks of streams,
Oregon. Found in the Humboldt Valley at the foot of the Clover Mountains,
Nevada, and in the Wahsatch, Utah; 5,500 feet altitude; flowering in May,
fruit ripe in September. (352.)

AmeLaycuier Canapensis, T. & G., Var. atnirouia, T. & G. In the
Western States and from the Upper Missouri to Washington Territory and
California, Arizona and New Mexico. Abundant in all the higher ranges of
Nevada and Utah, and giving their name to the “'Toyabe” Mountains; 5-
10,000 feet altitude ; in flower, May-July ; fruit ripe in August. (353.)
CATALOGUE. 93

SAXIFRAGE.

Saxirraga cazspitosa, L. Perennial, caspitose; leaves glandular-
pubescent, 3-5 cleft, the upper linear and entire, segments broadly linear,
obtuse ; flowering stems with a few scattered leaves, glandular, 1—4-flowered;
calyx-tube adherent to the ovary; petals white, obovate, 3-nerved, twice the
length of the calyx.—A dwarf alpine plant, stems an inch or two high; in
these specimens 1-flowered, with the petals scarcely exceeding the calyx.
Arctic America from Greenland to Behring Strait; Rocky Mountains of
Colorado (Parry.) Uinta Mountains; 11,000 feet altitude; ; August. (354.)

SAXIFRAGA RIVULARIS, L. The root usually granulate, but the plant
otherwise not at all different from the ordinary forms; glabrous or pubescent;
seeds minutely longitudinally rugose. Arctic America from Greenland to
Behring Strait; Labrador, White Mountains, and Rocky Mountains of
Colorado. Uinta Mountains, growing in the shaded clefts of rocks wet from
melting snows; 10-12,000 feet altitude; August. (855.)

SAXIFRAGA ADSCENDENS, L. (SS. controversa, Sternb.) Annual, glandular-
pubescent; stems erect, leafy; leaves cuneate-ovate, 3—-5-toothed at the
apex, the earlier spatulate and entire, the radical ones crowded; branchlets
3-flowered; pedicels bibracteate, about equaling the fruit.—Alpine ; stems
1-3’ high, 1-3 from the same root, branching above; flowers pinkish or
yellowish-white ; calyx-lobes ovate, obtuse, shorter than the petals. Rocky
Mountains of British America (Bourgeau) and of Colorado (Hall & Harbour.)
Clover Mountains, Nevada, and in the Uintas; 10-11,000 feet altitude;
August, September. (356.)

SAXIvRaGA NIvALIs, L. Perennial; leaves all radical, obovate or spatu-
late, attenuate into a petiole, unequally crenate-dentate; scape capitately or
subcorymbosely several- or many-flowered, the half-adherent calyx erect,
shorter than the oblong obtuse subunguiculate white petals; capsules purple,
divergent—From Labrador and Greenland to Behring Strait and Unalaska,
and southward on the Rocky Mountains to Colorado; California (Brewer.)
Found on the Clover Mountains, Nevada, and on the Uintas; 10-11,000
feet altitude; August, September. (357.) It sometimes occurs with the
flowers in an open panicle, not distinguishable from the eastern S. Virgini-
ensis. East Humboldt Mountains; 9,000 feet altitude; August. (358.)

SaXIFRAGA INTEGRIFOLIA, Hook. Very viscidly pubescent; leaves very
94 BOTANY.

obtuse, entire or very slightly sinuate-crenate ; scape elongated, paniculate at
the apex, the panicle loose, rather narrow or sometimes expanded; calyx
glabrous, segments at length reflexed; otherwise as in the last.—A tall and
slender species, 1-3° high, approaching nearly at times to forms of S. nivaiis,
but probably to be kept distinct. The present specimens have compact
granulate roots. Oregon and California. Wahsatch Mountains; 6,000 feet
altitude; June. (359.)

Saxirraca puncTatTa, L. (8. estivalis, Fisch.) Perennial, villous-
pubescent or nearly glabrous; leaves radical, 2’ in diameter, long-petioled,
roundish-reniform or orbicular, equally and deeply dentate, the teeth mostly
acute; scape slender, (1-14° high,) the peduncles and pedicels of the usually
open panicle glandular; bracts small, linear; petals white, oval or orbicular,
unguiculate, obtuse, exceeding the obtuse ovate-oblong reflexed sepals; fila-
ments often petaloid and abortive ; ovaries free, distinct below the middle—
On the northwest coast from Behring Strait to Sitka, and in the Rocky Moun-
tains southward to Oregon and California. East Humboldt Mountains,
Nevada, and the Uintas; 8~9,000 feet altitude; July, August. (360.)

SaXIFRAGA FLAGELLARIS, Willd. Perennial, glandular-pubescent ; stems
4-6’ high, simple, leafy, 1-5-flowered; stolons from the axils of the radical
leaves long and filiform, naked, rooting at the extremity; leaves obovate-
spatulate, ciliate, the lower much crowded, the upper oblong or linear;
sepals very glandular, united at base, and slightly coherent with the ovary ;
petals persistent, yellow, 3-4” long, exceeding the capsule—Arctic America
from Greenland to Behring Strait, and on the summits of the Rocky Moun-
tains to Colorado. On the Uintas; 11,000 feet altitude; August. (361.)

TELLIMA' PARVIFLORA, Hook. Scabrous-hirsute ; leaves ternately divided
or lobed, the segments 3-cleft; pedicels suberect, usually shorter than the
calyx which is obconic, elongating in fruit, and densely glandular—hirsute ;
petals much exserted, deeply 5-cleft with narrow segments; ovary adnate
above the middle; seeds oblong, minutely roughened—Root more or less
granulate; stems 6-15’ high, with 1-2 leaves, 4~-8-flowered, occasionally

 

1TELLIMA, Brown. Calyx campanulate, dilated, prolonged beyond the ovary and adherent to
it at base, 5-toothed or cleft, valvate. Petals 5, entire or divided, inserted on the throat of the calyx
with the 10 small included stamens. Ovary half-superior, conical, 1-celled, with 2-3 parietal many-
ovuled placents; styles 2-3, short. Capsule wholly or half inferior, membranous, 2-3 valved, many-
seeded.—Erect simple pilose or glandular herbs, with petioled rounded-cordate lobed leaves and
terminal racemes. The section Lithophragma is distinguished by a turbinate 5-lobed calyx, unguiculate
3-lobed or pinnatifid petals, and minute seeds. Brentu. & Hook.
CATALOGUE. 95

bulb-bearing; leaves 4-2’ in diameter; petals white, projecting 1-3 beyond
the calyx. The seeds are described as smooth, but in these specimens are
minutely muriculate. From Washington Territory to Northern California,
and in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado, Found in the West Humboldt,
Toyabe, and East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch;
5-10,000 feet altitude; May—-August. (362.)

TELLIMA TENELLA, Hook. & Benth. (Lithophragma, Nutt.) Root and
stem with often numerous bulblets; glandular-hirsute; leaves ternately
divided, the segments 3-cleft ; pedicels about equaling the campanulate calyx;
calyx adherent to the base of the ovary, lobes pubescent within ; petals pink
or white, irregularly 5-7-lobed, lobes linear, acute; seeds small, oval,
smooth.—Smaller than the last in every respect; stems 2~10' high and about
3—5-flowered; leaves 4-1’ in diameter ; petals 2” long; bulblets usually numer-
ous and often taking the place of flowers in the raceme. There can scarcely be
a doubt that this is Nuttall’s species, described from very poor and scanty
specimens. Collected by him in Southwestern Wyoming, by Burke in
Southern Idaho, and by Ives in Western Arizona; it is also 413 Frémont
(1846) and 62 Anderson. Frequent in the Washoe and West Humboldt
Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch and Uintas; 5—9,000 feet altitude;
April-August. (863.)

Mitetta penTanprA, Hook. Leaves radical, on glabrous petioles,
cordate, slightly lobed, crenately serrate, glabrous or sparingly hairy; scape
slender, 6-12’ high, naked, glandular-pubescent above; calyx spreading,
adherent to the ovary; stamens 5, nearly sessile, opposite to the pectinate-
pinnatifid greenish petals; stigmas 2-lobed; capsules opening prematurely.
—Rocky Mountains in latitude 52-56° (Drummond) and in Colorado, and
the Cascade Mountains, Washington Territory. Found in the East Hum-
boldt Mountains, Nevada, at 9,000 feet altitude, and in the Wahsatch, at
5,000 feet, in August and May respectively, in bloom. (364.)

Miretia tTriripa, Grah. Minutely pubescent; leaves nearly glabrous,
radical, cordate, slightly lobed, crenate; scape slender, 1-1}° high, naked ;
calyx campanulate, with spreading somewhat colored lobes, adherent to the
middle of the ovary ; petals white, linear or filiform, deeply 3-cleft, exceeding
the calyx; stamens 5, with very short filaments, alternate with the petals;
stigma‘ entire; capsule opening prematurely—Collected by Douglas and
96 BOTANY.

Drummond in the Rocky Mountains, latitude 46-56°. Not rare in the
Wahsatch ; 5—9,000 feet altitude; May-July. (3865.)

Hevucwera RvuBEscens, Torr. Stansb. Rep. p. 388, ¢. 5. Scape
usually naked, glabrous or somewhat scabrous; leaves nearly glabrous, sub-
orbicular, cordate at base, slightly lobed, crenate-dentate, the teeth setosely
mucronate or obtuse, ciliate; panicle narrow and loosely many-flowered ; bracts
linear, often toothed, shorter than the pedicels; calyx campanulate or some-
what turbinate, pubescent, more or less colored, the equal segments oblong
and obtuse, erect, shorter than the linear petals; stamens and styles exserted.
—Scapes 8-15’ high, with rarely 1-2 small ovate leaflets; leaves 1-2’ broad;
flowers 2-3” in length, the calyx varying somewhat in shape, and the segments
more or less rose-colored or white; the whole panicle often somewhat reddish.
It differs from H. sanguinea, Eng., in the exserted stamens, style, and petals.
First collected on Stansbury Island in Salt Lake; afterwards in New Mexico
and California. Found in the East and West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada,
and in the Wahsatch; 5—9,000 feet altitude; May-July. (366.)

HevucHera cyLinprica, Dougl. Scape elongated, naked, very villous
below or hirsute with fulvous hairs, as also the petioles and veins of the leaves
beneath; leaves roundish-cordate, glabrous above, 5-7-lobed, lobes obtuse,
mucronate-crenate; panicle spicate, cylindrical; bracts scarious, laciniate-
fimbriate; calyx campanulate, with erect somewhat unequal lobes; petals
minute or none; filaments and styles very short, subulate, included —Scape
2-3°high ; leaves small. On stream-banks and hillsides, Oregon. Var. ALPINA.
Low, 6-10’ in height, glandular-hirsute throughout, not villous; leaves small,
9” broad; spikes short, 1’ in length. Clover Mountains, Nevada; 11,000
feet altitude ; September. Specimens of the larger form, collected by Lyall
on the northern boundary, have the same general glandular pubescence with-
out fulvous hairs. (367.)

Hevucuera Parvirouia, Nutt. Scabrous-puberulent; scape naked
leaves roundish-cordate, crenately 5-7-lobed, at length glabrous, ciliate; the
lobes short and rounded, with 1~2 slight crenations or sometimes crenately
serrate; panicle racemose, rather loose; bracts small, laciniate-ciliate ;
flowers small; calyx adherent to the ovary, obconic at base, with equal dilated
or rotate limb; petals minute, fugacious; filaments and styles very short,
not equaling the calyx; seeds hispid—Scape 6’—2° high; leaves 1-2! broad;
flowers greenish; panicle somewhat crowded and spicate in the smaller
_

CATALOGUE. 97

specimens. Inthe Rocky Mountains of Colorado and New Mexico (Bigelow)
and in the Blue Mountains of Oregon. Found in the East Humboldt Moun-
tains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch; 5-9,000 feet altitude; May, July.
(368.)

PARNASSIA PARVIFLORA, DC. Sterile filaments in these specimens often
9, rarely as few as 5, occasionally none; leaves with a somewhat cordate

tendency, the cauline often ovate, clasping; flowers 6-10” in diameter.

Hardly distinct from P. palustris. Rocky Mountains of British America,
latitude 52-56°, and of Colorado, (Gunnison, and Hall & Harbour ;) Wiscon-
sin, (Gillman.) Huntington and Ruby Valleys, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch;
6,000 feet altitude ; July, August. (369.) .

PaRNAssIA FIMBRIATA, Banks. Petals nearly sessile, fimbriate at base,
twice longer than the calyx; sterile filaments 5-9 in each set, or reduced to
a crenately-toothed broadly cuneate fleshy carinate scale; radical leaves
long-petioled, reniform, the cauline small, cordate, sessile above the middle
of the scape.—Scape 6-18’ high; flowers 1’ in diameter. Rocky Mountains
of Colorado, Wyoming and British America to latitude 56°; California,
(Brewer.) East Humboldt and Clover Mountains, Nevada, and in the
Wahsatch and Uintas; 7-10,000 feet altitude; August, September. (370.)

Jamesta* Americana, T. & G. Cymes about equaling the leaves,
5-10-flowered ; petals white, 3-4” long, hairy within; calyx-lobes shorter
than the petals, enlarging and becoming foliaceous in fruit—Rocky Moun-
tains of Colorado and New Mexico. Found in a shaded rocky gulch of the
American Fork Cafion in the Wahsatch Mountains, Utah ; 7,000 feet altitude;
August. (371.)

Rises HIRTELLUM, Mx. The half-dozen specimens are exactly. like
151 Parry from Colorado, except that they are perfectly glabrous with but
a few scattered hairs on the petioles. 1756 Brewer, of the California col-
lection, is the same and equally glabrous. From New England to Illinois
and northward to Hudson’s Bay and the Saskatchewan ; Colorado, and north-

 

1 JAMESIA, T. & G. Calyx-tube very short, turbinate, adnate to the base of the ovary; lobes
triangular-ovate, sometimes bifid. Petals 5, obovate, convolute. Stamens 10, the alternate ones shorter;
filaments linear, flattened, acuminate. Ovary conical, 1-celled, with 3-5 parietal many-ovuled pla-
cente; styles 3-5, equaling the stamens. Capsule included, incompletely 3-5-celled, dehiscent between
the persistent divergent styles. Seeds horizontal, ovate, shining, striate-reticulate, the embryo in the
axis of the fleshy albumen.—A low diffusely branching shrub, 2-3° high; leaves opposite, petioled, ovate,
mucronately serrate, canescent beneath, as well as on the petioles, calyx and branchlets, with a soft
hairy pubescence ; flowers cymose, in terminal panicles. BENTH, & Hoor.

~ 13
98 BOTANY.

ward in the Rocky Mountains ; California. In the East Humboldt Mountains,
Nevada, and in the Wahsatch ; 7,000 feet altitude ; June-September. (372;

Rises reeiguum, Dougl. Branches naked or prickly ; subaxillary
spines 8, or sometimes more, stout, rarely reflexed ; leaves roundish, 5-lobed,
cuneate, truncate or subcordate at base, crenately serrate, nearly glabrous,
somewhat hairy between the veins beneath and ciliate; peduncles slender
and usually elongated, 3-flowered, glabrous, the bracts somewhat glandular-
ciliate; calyx cylindrical and narrow (with the ovary often 4’ long,) glabrous, .
the segments linear-oblong, exceeding the tube, sometimes reflexed ; the
petals short, oblong-spatulate ; the stamens usually exceeding the calyx but
shorter than the deeply cleft style, filaments and style hairy ; fruit rather
large, smooth, deep-purple, edible—Stems 6° high, branches red; leaves
1-1} in diameter; flowers purplish white. The above description is drawn
from a large number of specimens. From New Mexico (353 Fendler) and
Colorado (James) to Oregon (330 Geyer) and California (1756 Brewer ;)
also collected by Frémont on the Sweetwater and by Stretch in Washoe
Valley. Abundant on stream-banks in the West Humboldt Mountains,
Nevada; 5,000 feet altitude ; flowering in June, fruit ripe in September and
October. (373.)

Ripes Leprantuum, Gray. Plant. Fendil., p.53. Without prickles;
the subaxillary spines solitary, (rarely 2~3,) stout; the dense minute pubes-
cence glandular and often mixed with resinous dots or the whole plant glab-
rous; leaves small, numerous, 5-cleft, lobes incised ; peduncles short, deflexed,
with 1-2 yellow flowers; calyx tubular or somewhat campanulate, more or
less silky-pubescent, the lobes sub-spatulate, often reflexed, equaling the
tube and about twice longer than the stamens and petals; style glabrous,
undivided, stigmas two; fruit unarmed, glabrous—Low (2-3° high) and
diffusely branched; leaves usually 4-6”, sometimes 1’ broad; flowers 2-4”
long. Collected by James and also by Frémont (254, 1844, and 372, 1846)
and frequently since; New Mexico, Colorado and California. Frequent on
the Washoe and Trinity Mountains, Nevada, and also found at Black Rock,
at the southern end of Salt Lake; 4,300-6,000 feet altitude; April,
May. (374.)

Rises LacusTRe, Poir. Racemes 6~7-flowered; fruit nearly smooth ;
leaves 13’ in diameter. New England to Pennsylvania and Wisconsin, north-
ward to the Arctic Circle and west to Washington Territory and Alaska ;
CATALOGUE. 99

Coloradd (Vasey.) Found in the Uinta Mountains; 8,000 feet altitude;
August. (375.)

Var. A more alpine form, with small leaves, $-1’ broad, glabrous or
somewhat glandular-pubescent, the racemes short, 3-5-flowered ; fruit hispid ;
the younger branches often very prickly. This, according to Dr. Gray, is
the &. sezosum of Douglas from the Saskatchewan. Frequent in the Rocky
Mountains of Colorado and: collected by Prof. Brewer in the Sierras of
California. In the East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and in the Uintas ;
9-10,000 feet altitude; July, August. (376.)

Rises prostratum, L’Her. Leaves about 2’ in diameter; racemes short
and few-flowered. New England to Pennsylvania and Wisconsin, north to
latitude 57° and west to the Pacific Coast from Washington Territory to
Sitka; Rocky Mountains of Colorado. Wahsatch Mountains; 9,000 feet
altitude; July. (377.)

RIBES BRACTEOSUM, Dougl. Unarmed, glabrous; leaves on long petioles,
_ cordate, deeply 5—7-lobed, sprinkled with resinous dots beneath, the lobes
acuminate, coarsely doubly serrate or incised; racemes long, erect, many-
flowered, on short peduncles; calyx rotate, glabrous; flowers white ; fruit
black, resinous-dotted and scarcely eatable—Stems 4-8° high, rather weak ;
leaves often large, 3-7’ broad; the elongated fruiting racemes 4-10’ long.
Nearly allied to the last but distinguished by the longer nearly sessile
racemes of numerous flowers, the glabrous fruit, and the larger, more sharply
serrate leaves. On the western coast from Sitka to California (Bolander.)
In the East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch; 6—7,000
feet altitude; in flower, May; in fruit, August. (878.)

Rises cereum, Dougl. Unarmed; leaves roundish, mostly cordate,
3-5-lobed, incisely crenate, viscid-pubescent or nearly glabrous, often
resinous-dotted; racemes nodding, on short peduncles, crowded, 3-5-flowered ;
bracts ovate, appressed to the nearly sessile ovary ; calyx tubular, glandular,
the segments very short, recurved; petals minute, orbicular; stamens
included; style undivided; stigmas two; fruit globose, usually somewhat
glandular—A diffusely branching shrub, 1-3° high; leaves 4-1’ broad ;
calyx 3-4” long, pinkish white; peduncles rarely 4’ long; fruit light-red,
sweet, somewhat resinous. The amount of the resinous secretion upon the
plant varies nearly with the elevation of the locality. From Washington
Territory and California to Colorado and southward in New Mexico. Fre-
100 BOTANY.

quent on the mountains throughout Nevada and Utah, from theit base to
nearly the highest peaks; 5-11,000 feet altitude; May-September. (379.)

Ries viscosissimum, Pursh. Unarmed, viscid-pubescent; leaves cordate,
roundish, obtusely 8—5-lobed, the lobes short, rounded, doubly crenate-
serrate; racemes suberect, somewhat corymbed ; bracts conspicuous, spatu-
late, nearly equaling the glandular pedicels; calyx campanulate, the greenish-
yellow segments rather shorter than the tube; style 2-cleft at the apex ;
fruit ovoid, black, viscid-pubescent.—Stems 3° high, rather weak, growing
on shaded mountain slopes; flowers large, 4’ long above the ovary. Rocky
Mountains of Idaho. In the Wahsatch and Uintas; 8-9,000 feet altitude ;
June-August. (380.)

RiBES SANGUINEUM, Pursh. Unarmed, glandular-puberulent or more
or less tomentose; leaves cordate, 3-5-lobed, doubly serrate, subglabrous
above; racemes puberulent and glandular, exceeding the leaves, loosely
many-flowered ; pedicels about the length of the flowers, rather shorter than
the ovate-spatulate bracts; calyx tubular-campanulate, the segments ovate or _
oblong, obtuse, reflexed, longer than the petals; style more or less bifid;
fruit subglobose, somewhat glandular-hirsute, destitute of pulp—A variable
species, doubtless including R. glutinosum, Benth. and perhaps also R.
malvaceum, Sm., which, however, has the leaves strigose-hirsute above, the
racemes shorter and more dense, and the style and interior of the calyx-tube
hairy. The calyx is 3-5” in length and with the bracts usually of a deep
rose-color. Frequent from Washington Territory through California.
Var. VARIEGATUM. Nearly glabrous throughout, with the petioles and
peduncles glandular-puberulent, and the ovary somewhat glandular-hispid ;
flowers in short dense racemes, the pedicels about equaling the ovate reddish
bracts; calyx campanulate, the tube very short, scarcely equaling the ovate
deep rose-red segments; petals white, rounded, short; style deeply bifid —
Possibly a distinct species, but probably only an extreme form of R. san-
guineum in those respects in which that’species is most variable—pubescence,
form of the calyx, and denseness of inflorescence. None of the specimens are
yet in full fower.. A branching shrub, 2-3° high; Washoe Mountains, near
Carson City, on stream banks; 5,000 feet altitude; April. Collected also
by Dr. Anderson. (381.)

Rises aurruM, Pursh. Unarmed, glabrous; leaves convolute in verna-
tion, rather thick, 3-lobed, lobes divaricate, incisely few-toothed, ciliate when
CATALOGUE. 101

young and the petioles with the peduncles minutely puberulent; raceme
many-flowered, with foliaceous bracts exceeding the pedicels; calyx yellow,
tubular, long and slender, the segments spreading, much shorter than the
tube, about twice the length of the petals; style undivided; fruit glabrous,
yellowish-red, turning darker, edible—From New Mexico and Kansas to
Washington Territory and the Saskatchewan, (Bourgeau.) Frequent on
stream banks in northern Nevada and in the Wahsatch; 4,500-6,000 feet
altitude ; flowering in May; fruit ripe in July. (382.)

CRASSULACEZ.

TILLZA ANGUSTIFOLIA, Nutt. Branching from the base, rooting ; leaves
linear-lanceolate, acute, connate, 14” long; flowers axillary, solitary, on short
pedicels; sepals 4, ovate, not half the length of the oblong white petals;
carpels broad, obtuse, 8-seeded; style none, stigma minute; seeds nearly
horizontal, linear-oblong, minutely tuberculate in longitudinal rows.—Stems
1-2’ high. Collected by Nuttall on the Columbia and Wallamette. Found
on the muddy banks of Goose Creek in Northeastern Nevada. (383.)

Sepum Ruopriora, DC. Stems 4-6’ high; flowers of a deep maroon
color, occasionally perfect with 10 stamens and 5 pistils—Pennsylvania,
Maine, Newfoundland and Labrador, Greenland, the Arctic Coast to Behring
Strait, in the Rocky Mountains southward to New Mexico, and in the Cali-
fornian Sierras, (Brewer.) East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 9—10,000
feet altitude; August, September. (384.)

SepuM RHODANTHUM, Gray. Amer. Jour. Sci., n. s., 33. 405. Stems
numerous from a thick root, simple; leaves flat, scattered, glabrous, oblong
or oblanceolate, entire; corymb terminal, simple; flowers perfect, mostly
tetramerous, more than twice the length of the pedicels; sepals linear, petals
rose-color or nearly white, lanceolate, acuminate, twice exceeding the sepals
and a little longer than the stamens, which are adnate to them below the
middle; ovaries straight; styles filiform—Stems 2-1° high, with crowded
corymbs, 1-2’ long, of large (4-5’’) flowers ; leaves 1-2” in length; on stream
banks. Rocky Mountains of Colorado. Uinta Mountains, Utah; 9,000 feet
altitude; August. (385.)

- SEpUM STENOPETALUM, Pursh. Glabrous; stems several, erect from a
decumbent base; simple or somewhat branched ; leaves numerous, crowded
102 BOTANY.

upon the barren shoots, very fleshy, lanceolate, sessile, acute; cyme much
branched, scorpioid and expanding; flowers bright yellow, nearly sessile,
pentamerous; petals linear-lanceolate, acuminate, twice longer than the sub-
ulate sepals.—Stems 3-6’ high; leaves 2-4” long ; flowers large and showy,
3 4” long; growing on dry slopes. Cascade Mountains, Oregon, (Newberry,)
and both sides of the Rocky Mountains from latitude 55° to Colorado.
Toyabe and East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch;
6—-8,000 feet altitude; June-September. (386.)

SepuM DEBILE. Glabrous; stems weak, decumbent or suberect,
numerous from slender clustered rootstocks, simple or somewhat branched ;
leaves small, sessile, scattered, crowded upon the barren shoots, very fleshy,
flattened, roundish, entire; cyme subtrichotomous, spreading, few- (3-15-)
flowered ; pedicels about equaling the ovate sepals; petals yellow, lanceolate,
acuminate, twice longer than the sepals; stamens 10, or fewer by abortion,
attached near the base of the petals; styles 5, slender—Stems 1-4’ high;
leaves 1-2” in diameter; flowers 3” long. Nearest S. sparsiflorum, Nutt.,
(which includes S. Torreyi, Don.;) marked by its weak decumbent stems,
its few pedicelled flowers and rounded leaves. Found on rocky ridges on
the East and West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch and
Uintas; 5-10,000 feet altitude ; May—September. (387.)

HALORAGEZ.

Hippuris vuuearis, L. New York to Kentucky, rare; throughout
British America to Greenland and Behring Strait; California, New Mexico,
(Fendler,) and Colorado, (Hall & Harbour.) Humboldt Valley below Cen-
terville, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch; 5-6,000 feet altitude. (388.)

MyYRIoPHYLLUM VERTICILLATUM, L. From Florida to Canada; on the
Saskatchewan, (Bourgeau ;) Oregon, (Nuttall;) Nebraska, (James;) Texas.
Found in Ruby Valley, Nevada, and in the Uintas; 6-8,000 feet altitude ;
August, September. (389.)

CaLLITRICHE VERNA, L. From New Jersey and Pennsylvania to Canada,
Minnesota, (Nicolet,) and the Saskatchewan; California. Ruby Valley,
Nevada, and the Uintas ; 6-8,000 feet altitude; August, September. (390.)

Var. TERRESTRIS, Gray. The terrestrial form, with smaller and narrower
leaves. In the Wahsatch and Uintas; 6,000 feet altitude; July. (891.)

CaLLiTRicHE autumnauis, L, From northern New York and Lake
CATALOGUE. 103

Superior to Hudson’s Bay and the Arctic Circle. In the Wahsatch Moun-
tains, Utah ; 6,000 feet altitude; July. (392.)

LYTHRACE.

AMMANNIA LATIFoLIA, L. From Ohio to Missouri, thence to Louisiana,
the Indian Territory, Western Texas, Northern Mexico, and California.
Found in Carson Valley, Nevada; 4,500 feet altitude ; August. (393.)

ONAGRACE.

Epitosium aupinum, L. Northern New York and in the White Moun-
tains; Arctic America from Greenland to Alaska; in the Rocky Mountains
southward to Colorado; Cascade Mountains, Oregon; Sierras of California.
Found in the East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch and
Uintas ; 8-9,000 feet altitude; July, August. (394.)

Epinosium TeTRagonum, L. Stems erect, usually branching, 4-sided,
glabrous or nearly so; leaves opposite, oblong-lanceolate, acute, denticulate,
the middle ones more or less decurrent along the angles of the stem, the
lower somewhat petioled; petals emarginate; stigma clavate; capsules
pedicelled, minutely pubescent.—Stem 6'-2° high, angled by the slight
decurrence of the leaf, the adjacent angles often confluent into a single line
and sometimes nearly obliterated. Some of the specimens appear to be just
as good E. coloratum, but in the want of any clear line of distinction, all are
placed together. Canada to latitude 64° and west to the Pacific, Oregon,
and California; Colorado, (Parry.) Frequent in the mountains near water
through Nevada and in the Wahsatch; 4,500-8,000 feet altitude; June-
September. (395.)

Epr.osrum PANIcuLatum, Nutt. Glabrous, or glandular-pubescent
above; stem erect, slender, terete, dichotomous above ; leaves narrowly linear,
obscurely serrulate, acute ; attenuate at base, mostly alternate and fascicled ;
flowers few, terminating the spreading filiform and almost leafless branches ;
calyx-tube infundibuliform; petals, obcordate, nearly twice exceeding the
calyx-lobes ; capsules short, acute at each end, straight or a little curved,
erect or spreading —Stems 3'~3° high; flowers 1-4” long, light rose-color ;
capsules 4-1’ in length; sometimes glabrous throughout. From Washington
Territory to Sacramento Valley and eastward to Colorado. Frequent in the
104 BOTANY.

mountains of Nevada and in the Wahsatch; 4,500-7,000 feet altitude;
May-September. (396.)

Epruopium aNnGustirouium, L. In the mountains of North Carolina
and northward; Greenland and throughout British America to Behring
Strait and the Pacific, southward to California and in the Rocky Mountains
to New Mexico, (Fendler.) In the West Humboldt Mountains, and Ruby
Valley, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch; 6—8,000 feet altitude; July—Septem-
ber. (397.)

Eprnoprum opcorpatum, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad., 6. 532. Dwarf,
glabrous; stems decumbent, 1-5-flowered ; leaves opposite, sessile, broadly
ovate or oval, somewhat denticulate, glaucous ; buds nodding; calyx-tube
produced beyond the minutely puberulent ovary, infundibuliform, about half
shorter than the broadly lanceolate lobes; petals large and of a bright rose-
color, obcordately 2-lobed, spreading; style exceeding the stamens, declined ;
stigma shortly 4-lobed; capsule clavate-oblong, pedicellate——Alpine; stems
3-5’ long, from a much branched woody rootstock ; leaves somewhat crowded,
3' long; petals 4’ in length. Sierras of California. East Humboldt and
Clover Mountains, Nevada; 10,000 feet altitude ; August, September. (398.)

ZavuscHneria! Cauirornica, Presl. Canescently and somewhat villously
pubescent; stems decumbent, 1-2° long; leaves oblong or linear-lanceolate,
entire or denticulate, the lower ones opposite; flowers 1’ in length, petals
deep-red, calyx lighter—Very variable in its foliage; the specimens have
mostly ovate or oblong leaves, 1-12’ long. Southern and Lower California,
Arizona and Sonora. Wahsatch Mountains, Utah; 5-6,000 feet altitude;
July, August. (399.) ; .

Ciargia® RHOMBOIDEA, Dougl. Stems 1-3° high, sparingly branched,

 

1ZAUSCHNERIA, Prust. Calyx-tube linear, 4-angled, suddenly expanding above the ovary into
a deciduous clavate-funnelform 4-lobed limb, globose at base and with 8 scales below the middle, 4 of
which are deflexed. Petals 4, on the throat of the calyx, obovate, 2-lobed. Stamens 8, the alternate
shorter, with filiform fiiamnenitas anthers linear-oblong. Ovary 4-celled; style elongated, filiform, with a
capitate 4-lobed stigma; ovules numerous, in one row upon the inner angles of the cells. Capsule linear,
imperfectly 4-celled, 4-valved, the valves free from the axis; seeds oblong, attached to the axis, tufted
with long hairs at the apex.—A low branched perennial, with sessile leaves and large solitary axillary
sessile flowers. BrntTu. & Hoox.

*CLARKIA, Pursu. Calyx-tube linear, 4-angled, slightly produced above the ovary ; limb fun-
nelform, 4-parted, deciduous. Petals 4, unguiculate, dilated, cntire or 3-lobed, the claw 2-toothed. Sta-
mens 8, on the throat of the calyx, the alternate ones shorter, with filiform filaments ; anthers oblong or
linear, at length revolute, those of the shorter stamens smaller or abortive. Disk annular, surrounding
the base of the style. Style filiform, with a broad cruciately 4-lobed stigma. Capsule linear, narrowed
above, 4-celled, 4-valved to the middlé, the numerous ascending papillose seeds in one row upon the ax-

illary placenta, —Annual branching virgate herbs, with alternate leaves and rather large flowers
BENTH, & Hoox.
CATALOGUE. 105

fragile; leaves 1-2’ long, ovate or oblong, on slender petioles; petals deep-
purple, 2-4” long, rhomboidal, with a short claw, undivided; stamens all fer-
tile, with a villous scale at the base of each; stigmas short and hairy; cap-
sules 1’ in length, on short pedicels, nearly glabrous—Oregon and Northern
California. Found in the Havallah range, Nevada, and frequent in the Wah-
satch ; 5-6,000 feet altitude; June, July. (400.)

GayorHyTum! Ramosissimum, T. & G. Glabrous, divaricately branched ;
flowers very minute; calyx-lobes lanceolate-oblong, equaling the rose-colored
petals and exceeding the longer stamens; capsules oblong, 3-5-seeded, rather
shorter than the filiform pedicels—Stems 6-18’ high, becoming very much
branched. Readily distinguished by the short pods (2-3” long) on pedicels
of about the same length, which are often deflexed ; flowers #” long. Rocky
Mountains, from Southern Idaho to Colorado. Frequent from Western Ne-
vada to the Wahsatch; 5,000 feet altitude ; May-July. (401.).

GaAYoPHyTUM RAcEMosuM, T. & G. Nearly glabrous, branched, the
branches elongated, mostly simple; flowers as in the last, axillary along the
branches ; capsules linear, tapering at base into a very short pedicel or sessile,
many-seeded.—Glabrous or with a minute fugacious pubescence upon the
young capsules; stems 6-18’ high; capsules 8-10” long, sometimes only
8~12-seeded. Distinguished from the last by its longer many-seeded nearly
sessile pods and more simple branches. This species includes G. Nuttallii,
T. & G. Rocky Mountains of Idaho and Colorado; California, (Bolander.)
Pah-Ute range and East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch ;
5-7,500 feet altitude; June-August. (402.)

Var. A reduced mountain form, 1-6’ high, simple or branched, few-
flowered, glabrous or clothed with a dense short appressed pubescence. The
latter resemble Oregon specimens collected by Cronkhite, and are equivalent
to G. cesium, T. &. G., which differs from G'. racemosum only in its pubes-
cence. East Humboldt and Clover Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch ;
7-10,000 feet altitude; July-September. (403.)

GayopHytum pirrusum, T.&G. Nearly glabrous, somewhat pubescent

 

1GAYOPHYTUM, A. Juss. Calyx-tube not produced beyond the ovary, linear, subterete; lobes
4, spreading, deciduous. Petals 4, obovate, very shortly unguiculate. Stamens 8, or 4 alternate with as
many staminodia; filaments short, filiform; anthers globose. Style rather short, with a capitate or cla-
vate stigma. Capsule small, membranous, linear, 2-celled, 4-valved, two opposite valves bearing a nar-
row dissepiment. Seeds few-many, in a single series in each cell, ascending.—Annual slender branching
herbs, with alternate linear entire nerveless leaves and small axillary solitary flowers. Benru. & Hoox.

14
106 BOTANY.

above; stems divaricately branched, 6-18' high, flowers mostly toward the
extremities of the branches, rather large, the petals exceeding the calyx;
stamens usually all fertile, the shorter varying in length and in the size of
their anthers; style longer than the stamens, with a capitate or subclavate
stigma; capsules oblong or linear, a little longer than the pedicels—F lowers
14-3” in diameter; capsules frequently deflexed, 3-6” long; cells 4~8-seeded.
Much resembling G. ramosissimum, but distinguished by its larger flowers and
longer capsules. It differs somewhat from G. diffusum as described, but
the characters of the anthers and stigma are quite variable, and flowers may
be found that accord well enough with the original. Idaho, Oregon, (Cronk-
hite,) and California, (4922 and 6371 Bolander, 1414 Brewer.) MHavallah *
Range and East and West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wah-
satch ; 5-6,000 feet altitude; June-September. (404.)

CENOTHERA BIENNIS, L. Stems 2-3° high; minutely pubescent, the
calyx somewhat silky; spike crowded; petals 6” in length; leaves lanceo-
late, the lower cauline 6’ by 1’. Throughout North America from latitude
56° to Florida, Arkansas, New Mexico, Arizona and California. Wahsatch
Mountains, Utah; 6,000 feet altitude; August. (405.)

Var. GRaNDIFLORA, T. & G. Spike less crowded and with fewer flow-
ers; petals 1-13’ long, nearly equaling the tube ; leaves narrowly lanceolate,
the lower 3’ long by 2’ wide. Through Nevada and Utah, much more com-
mon than the last ; 4,500-6,000 feet altitude; June—September. (406.)

CENOTHERA CoronopiroLia, T. & G. Perennial, with horizontal root-
stocks; stems simple, often numerous from a branching base, erect or ascend-
ing, slender, canescently puberulent, strigose or hispid; basal leaves linear-
spatulate, the rest pectinately pinnatifid; throat of the calyx-tube densely
villous; petals somewhat orbicular, entire, equaling the stamens, shorter than
the pistil; capsule ovate- or linear-oblong, torulose at base, sometimes attenu-
ate into a very short peduncle, suberect; seeds large, ovate, turgid, somewhat
obtuse or obliquely truncate, costate-tuberculate—Stems 6-18" high; petals
nearly white, turning red, #’ long; capsules 3-1’ in length. From Northern
Arizona and New Mexico to the Platte. In the Wahsatch and Uintas ; 6,000
feet altitude; July. (407.)

CiyornzRA ausicauiis, Nutt. Perennial, glabrous, puberulent or hir-
sute; bark of the stem white, membranous, shining ; leaves very variable ;
petals round-ovate, more or less unguiculate, entire, exceeding the stamens
CATALOGUE. 107

and equaling the pistil; capsule thickened at base, sessile, linear, divaricate,
often flexuous or deflexed; seeds rather small, linear-lanceolate, smooth—
Stems usually 1-2° high, erect or ascending, from more or less running root-
stocks. Var. Nurrauyu, Eng. Amer. Jour. Sci., n. s., 36. 384. Leaves
linear or lanceolate, attenuate at base into a short petiole, entire or more or
less dentate, (some of the specimens with villous calyx and coarsely sinuate-
dentate or subpinnatifid leaves, approaching Var. runcinata 3) petals nearly
white, 1’ in length, about equaling the calyx-tube; capsule 1-14’ long; stems
slender, simple or branching at base—From Washington Territory to the
Saskatchewan and southward, east of the Sierras, to Northern Mexico and
Western Texas. Found in Smoky and Ruby Valleys, Nevada, but much
more frequent in the Wahsatch ; 5-6,000 feet altitude; June-August. (408.)

CENOTHERA DELTOIDES, Torr. & Frém. Frémont’s Rep., (1845,) p. 815.
Annual, more or less canescently puberulent and villous; stem erect, low and
stout, 6-10’ high, becoming woody with white membranous bark, sparingly
branched, the branches subdecumbent; early flowering forms often nearly
acaulescent; leaves tapering to a long petiole, very variable even on the same
plant, from broadly rhombic-ovate to lyrate linear-pinnatifid; flowers large,
(2-3' in diameter,) sessile, axillary ; calyx-lobes villous, the tube nearly twice
longer than the entire petals; stamens shorter than the petals; anthers
elongated, fixed by the middle; style exserted; capsule thickened at base,
(often 24’) long,) terete, usually recurved, rigid; seeds linear, smooth, vary-
ing in size, usually 12” in length—Root straight and subfusiform. This is
203 Anderson and 101 Torrey, from near Carson City, 1217 and 1590
Brewer, from California, and was also collected by Cooper near Fort Mohave
in Western Arizona. It has been mistaken for Var. trichocalyx of the last
species, but is very different. Foot-hills of the Truckee and Humboldt
Valleys, Nevada; 5,000 feet altitude; May, June. (409.)

(EyoTHERA TRILOBA, Nutt. Biennial, acaulescent, nearly glabrous ;
leaves runcinate-pinnatifid, petioled, the segments occasionally toothed ; flow-
ers large, sessile; calyx-tube very long, (2—5’,) filiform, dilated above; cap-
sules oval or obovate, cartilaginous or somewhat woody, reticulated, 4-winged,
apiculate or 4-toothed at the apex, tardily dehiscent loculicidally or sometimes
septicidally ; seeds horizontal, angled, densely tuberculate—Leaves thin,
4-10’ long; flowers 2-3’ in diameter, yellowish, becoming rose-color; cap-
sules 1’ in length, persistent and crowding at the base. From Arkansas to
108 BOTANY.

Northern Chihuahua, New Mexico and Colorado; Saskatchewan, (Bourgeau.)
Truckee Valley and West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; Wahsatch and
Uintas ; 5—-8,000 feet altitude; May—July. (410.)

CENOTHERA MARGINATA, Nutt. Perennial (?,) acaulescent or with a
short suberect stem, (2-6’ high,) more or less villous-pubescent or nearly
glabrous; leaves petioled, lanceolate, acute, variable in section, runcinate,
lyrate, repandly toothed, or nearly entire; calyx-tube elongated, (3-5’;) pe-
tals large, 1-2’ long, obcordate, nearly white, becoming rose-color ; capsules
sessile or upon short peduncles, coriaceous, oblong, somewhat attenuate above,
straight or curved, sub-4-angled, more or less ribbed, with the ridges tuber-
culate or smooth; dehiscence loculicidal; seeds nearly horizontal, obovate,
smooth, sulcate—This species must include C4. cespitosa and montana of
Nuttall, as neither the pubescence, shape of the leaves, length of the calyx-
tube and pedicels, nor form of the capsule, affords any constant distinctions.
GE. eximia, Gray, is probably but a luxuriant, more than usually caulescent
form; as yet collected only with very immature fruit.. Specimens of un-
doubted marginata approach it in size. From Wyoming and Colorado to the
Sierras; New Mexico, (Thurber.) Foot-hills through Nevada and around
Salt Lake Valley ; 5,000 feet altitude; May, June. (411.)

Var. PURPUREA. A subalpine form; canescent with a minute pubes-
cence; leaves lanceolate, acute, or ovate and obtuse, entire or slightly den-
ticulate; the calyx and corolla more or less purplish, even before opening.
East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 8-10,000 feet altitude; July, Au-
gust. (412.)

CENOTHERA VIMINEA, Dougl. Annual, nearly glabrous, glaucous; stems
2 3° high, ascending or erect, branched ; leaves lanceolate, almost entire,
nearly sessile; calyx-tube funnelform, about equaling the segments; petals
lilac or rose- syle 7-8" long, exceeding the stamens; filaments flat, unequal ;
style exserted ; stigma-lobes short, oval, purple; capsules sessile, cylindrical,
1’ long or more, slightly 4-sided, tapering to the apex, canescently puberu-
lent; seeds ascending, in a single series, with a membranous border.—Cali-
fornia. Collected by Stretch in Western Nevada.

CiNorHeRa GLABELLA, Nutt. Annual, glabrous or nearly so; stems
erect, simple, or branched at base ; leaves sessile, lanceolate or ovate-lanceo-
late, acuminate, serrulate; flowers very small, purple, axillary, sessile, soli-
tary or 2-5 together; calyx-tube funnelform, shorter than the rather erect
CATALOGUE. 109

segments; petals 2-lobed, erect-spreading; capsules cylindrical, tapering
above, striated, submembranous, the valves septiferous ; seeds oblong, smooth,
few (4-6) and in a single series in each cell—Stems 6-12’ high, slightly pu-
bescent in these specimens, as also the solitary capsules; flowers 4-1” and
capsules 3-4” long. CE. densiflora, Lindl., as recognized, is so exceedingly
variable that this comparatively glabrous small-flowered form might perhaps
be also included. But the septiferous valves, the very short calyx-tube and
the entire absence of tomentum seem sufficiently distinctive. Carson River
bottom, near Reed’s Station, Nevada; July. (4138.)

CENOTHERA SCAPOIDEA, Nutt. Annual, glabrous or somewhat pubescent;
stems 3-18’ high, simple or branched at base; leaves mostly near the base
of the stem, lyrate-pinnate, the terminal leaflet cuneate or cordate at base,
lateral ones often obsolete, ovate or ovate-oblong, acute, denticulate or
toothed, the upper leaves small, petioled, or wanting ; raceme somewhat scor-
pioid, rather loosely flowered, elongating in fruit, with minute bracts; flowers
pedicelled, rather small, yellow; calyx-tube funnelform, rather shorter than
the ovate segments; petals 1-2” long, obovate, entire; capsule clavate-cylin-
drical, somewhat membranous, 4-nerved, 2-14’ long, exceeding the spreading
pedicel; seeds obovate, ascending, smooth.—Described by Nuttall from very
small specimens. Collected by him in the Rocky Mountains, (probably in
Wyoming,) and also by Geyer, by Stansbury in Utah, and by Beckwith north
of Pyramid Lake, Nevada. Found in the Truckee and Holmes Creek Val-
leys, Nevada, in the Wahsatch, and about Salt Lake; 4,500-6,000 feet alti-
tude; May—September. (414.)

Var. cLAvaHForMIs. (C!. claveformis, Torr. Frém. Rep. p. 314.)
Flowers rather larger, petals 3-4” long, pinkish-white, occasionally with a
broad purple spot at the base of the petal, rarely yellowish——The more fre-
quent Nevada form. (2. cardiophylla, Torr., is without doubt the same, and
CE. brevipes, Gray, can hardly be more than a form. California and Arizona.
Frequent through Nevada from the Washoe to the Toyabe Mountains ;
4,500-6,000 feet altitude; May—November. (415.)

CEnorHeRA BREvIFLORA, T. & G. Perennial, acaulescent, somewhat
pubescent; leaves petioled, 2-6’ long, lanceolate, acuminate, interruptedly
pinnately parted, the segments lanceolate, acuminate, toothed or entire ; calyx-
tube marcescent, much shorter than the leaves, filiform, dilated at the sum-
mit, the segments lanceolate, shorter than the obovate yellow petals, but
110 BOTANY.

exceeding the style; stigma capitate, entire; capsules large, sessile, submem-
branous, oblong and attenuate above, subtetragonal and sulcate on the sides,
very many-seeded; seeds smooth, somewhat ascending, terete, oblong,
slightly reniform, in 2 series in each cell—F lowers numerous, small, scarcely
1’ long with the ovary, the petals 2-3” in length; matured capsules large in
proportion, nearly 1’ long, attenuated above into the persistent calyx-tube.
176 Hall & Harbour is the same. In the original description the segments
of the leaves are said to be obtuse. (!. Nutailiz, with which this species has _
been united by Dr. Gray, is described as having acuminate leaf-segments, but
at the same time larger flowers, with a tube 1-2’ long and a style exceeding
the sepals—in these respects resembling the next—and subulate-conic terete
capsules. Southern Idaho to Colorado. Wahsatch Mountains, shore of sub-
alpine lake; 9,000 feet altitude; August. (416.)

CEnorHerA TANACETIFoLIA, T. & G. Pac. R. R. Surv., (Beckwith’s
Rep.,) 2. 121. Closely resembling the last and nearly according with the
description of Ci. Nuttallii. Segments of the leaves usually somewhat
rounded and sinuately toothed, sometimes acuminate ; calyx-tube 1-13’ long,
the segments shorter than the petals (5—7” long) and style ; capsules, so far
as known, (perhaps abortive,) linear or subulate, very few- (1-2-) seeded, the
seed like that of the last, but slightly longer. Klamath Valley, (Newberry,
Cronkhite;) mountains north of Pyramid Lake, Nevada, (Beckwith.) Found
in the Truckee meadows, near Glendale, by W. W. Bailey; July. (417.)

CENOTHERA HETERANTHA, Nutt. Perennial, acaulescent, glabrous; leaves
4-12: long, thin, oblong-lanceolate, tapering into a slender petiole, entire,
repand-denticulate or lyrate-pinnatifid; flowers 1’ in diameter; the calyx-
tube 2’ long, filiform, dilated at the apex, the segments ovate-lanceolate,
rather shorter than the broadly obovate retuse yellow petals, and longer than
the style ; stigma capitate ; capsules 9” long, sessile, ovoid-oblong, attenuate
into the persistent calyx-tube, smooth and even, the valves with a slightly
prominent midrib; seeds ovoid or oblong, minutely reticulate-pitted—Idaho,
(Wyeth and Geyer.) Found on wet creek banks in the Pah-Ute, Havallah
and Toyabe ranges, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch; 6,000 feet altitude; June,
July. (418.)

Cixotuera Boorni, Dougl. Annual (?,) viscidly pubescent above ;
stem decumbent or ascending, $-1° long, branched; leaves ovate; 618” in
length, acute or acuminate, denticulate-serrate, somewhat hirsute beneath,
CATALOGUE. 111

pubescent or subglabrous above, petioled; flowers white or rose-colored,
6-8" broad, numerous, in a crowded scorpioid spike; calyx viscidly hairy,
the tube about equaling the ovary and the oblong acuminate segments; petals
obovate, entire, rather shorter than the slightly unequal stamens and style;
stigma subglobose; capsules-6-9” long, sessile, viscid-pubescent or hirsute,
tapering from near the base, somewhat striate, much curved; seeds 1” in
length, linear-oblong, ascending, in a single row.—Washington Territory,
(Douglas and Nuttall.) Virginia and Lake ranges, Nevada; 6,000 feet alti-
tude; August-November. (419.)

CinorHerA atyssorpes, H. & A. Annual, canescently puberulent, low,
branched from the base ; stems ascending; leaves oblong-lanceolate, attenu-
ate into a petiole, denticulate or nearly entire, the upper ones becoming
linear; spike many-flowered, unilateral, scorpioid; calyx-tube shorter than
the ovary, about equaling the sepals and petals; petals orbicular, entire, rose-
color or nearly white, a little shorter than the equal stamens and style; stigma
capitate ; capsules linear, nearly 1’ long, very slender, much contorted ; seeds
small, 3” long, oblong, ascending, in one series, very minutely reticulate-
pitted—About 6’ high; basal leaves 1-2’ long, the cauline much- smaller ;
flowers often quite showy, petals 2-3” broad. California (Douglas) and Ne-
vada; Southern Utah, (Palmer, 1870.) Frequent from the West Humboldt
to the Toyabe Mountains and on the low ranges about Salt Lake; 4,500-6,000
feet altitude; May-September. (420.)

Var. (?) minuTIFLoRA. Stems ascending or decumbent; the cauline
leaves often numerous and scarcely smaller than the lower ones; flowers very
small, 1” in diameter, axillary the whole length of the stems, the spike
slightly circinate; calyx-tube many times shorter than the ovary, about equal-
ing the segments; petals white, emarginate, shorter than the calyx-lobes;
stamens very short, the longer filaments equaling the anthers; capsules 3-1’
long; seeds silvery white —It somewhat resembles but has none of the hir-
suteness of Ci. micrantha, which has also broader and sessile leaves, yellow-
_ish flowers, turning green, and an ovate dark-colored seed. Found in
Monitor Valley, Nevada, and upon Black Rock Point and Stansbury Island,
Salt Lake ; 4,200-5,500 feet altitude; June, July. (421.)

CEnorHera penTatTa, Cav. Annual, canescently puberulent or nearly
glabrous, low, branching from the base; stems ascending or decumbent;
leaves linear, very narrow, remotely denticulate, attenuate at base; calyx-
112 BOTANY.

tubé obconic-funnelform, shorter than the segments, many times shorter than
the ovary; petals 1-4” long, yellow, becoming reddish, broadly obovate,
nearly entire, rather longer than the style and stamens; stigma capitate ;
capsules sessile or on very short pedicels, linear, elongated, very narrow,
somewhat curved; seeds very small, ovate, ascending, in one row, nearly
smooth.—Stems 3’-1° in length; leaves $-1' long and 4” broad; flowers very
variable in size ; capsule 4-1’ long, with the pedicel somewhat adnate to the
petiole of the subtending leaf. This species doubtless includes CE. parvula
and epilobivides of Nuttall, contorta, Hook., strigulosa, T. & G., and probably
chamenerioides, Gray. Oregon and Idaho to California and Arizona. In the
Trinity Mountains and Monitor Valley, Nevada, and on Antelope Island, Salt
Lake; 5,000 feet altitude; May-July. (422.)

Var. Canescent with a short hirsute pubescence ; leaves linear-lanceo-
late, repandly toothed, sessile; capsules (immature) sessile. Found in the
Washoe, West Humboldt and Pah-Ute Mountains of Western Nevada ;
5—6,000 feet altitude; May, June. (423.)

(ENorHERA PTEROSPERMA. Annual, low, more or less hispid-pubescent ;
stem simple or branched, erect; leaves oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, entire ;
flowers axillary, pedicelled, small, pinkish-white; calyx-tube funnelform,
shorter than the ovate segments and many times shorter than the ovary ;
petals obcordate, a little exceeding the calyx, and nearly twice longer than
the longer stamens; capsules cylindrical-clavate, nearly straight, attenuate at
base into a curved pedicel nearly one-half as long, membranous, erect; seeds
oblong, ascending, in one series in each cell, flattened and the chalaza bor-
dered with a spongy somewhat revolute thickening of the testa, minutely tu-
bercled with cellular processes.—The specimens are all small, but 2-3’ high,
the flowers few and small, with petals 1” in length, the capsule 4-2’ long on
spreading pedicels; radical leaves entirely wanting. The character of the
seed is unusual in this section. Growing under sage brush, Trinity Mount-
ains, Nevada; 5,000 feet altitude; May. Prare XIV. Fig. 4. A plant;
natural size. Fig. 5. Capsule; enlarged two diameters. Fig.6. Seed. Fig.
7. Its cross-section; both enlarged six diameters. (424.)

Cinorgera anpina, Nutt. Annual, low, canescently puberulent, branch-
ing at base; stems ascending, leaves linear-spatulate, attenuate into slender
petioles, entire, obtuse; flowers minute, axillary, yellow, very numerous ;
calyx-tube funnelform, rather shorter than the segments, many times shorter
CATALOGUE. 113

than the subulate ovary; petals 4-1” long, obovate, entire, scarcely exceed-
ing the longer stamens and style, deciduous with the stamens from the calyx;
capsules sessile upon the petiole, somewhat 4-angled, nearly straight, attenu-
ate-subulate above; seeds oblong-cylindrical, om a filiform placenta—Stems
1-4’ high, often becoming densely crowded with the obconical capsules, which
are 4-6” long. Discovered by Nuttall in Southern Idaho. Not rare in Ne-
vada from the Havallah Range to the East Humboldt Mountains, and found
in Heber Valley in the Wahsatch; 6-8,000 feet altitude; June—Au-
gust. (425.)

GaAuURA PARVIFLORA, Dougl. Stem tall, erect, and with the margin of
the leaves villous with soft white hairs; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute or acu-
minate, repand-denticulate, clothed on both sides with a short velvety pubes-
cence; spike virgate, strict, many-flowered, elongating in fruit; bracts lance-
olate-subulate ; flowers very small, the calyx-tube shorter than the glabrous
ovary and exceeding the segments; anthers oval, retuse, attached by the
middle; stigmas not at all or scarcely produced beyond the indusium; fruit
oblong, sessile, obtusely angled above, 4-nerved—Stems 2-5° high, with
small rose-colored flowers, and leaves 1-3’ in length; capsules 3-4” long,
obtuse at maturity. From Louisiana to Arizona and northward to the Platte
and the Columbia; rather rare. Humboldt Pass, Nevada; Stansbury Island,
Salt Lake; June, September. (426.) o

Crrcma aupina, L., Var. inrermepiA, Ehrh. DC. Prodr. 3. 63. Stems
erect, 3-10’ high; leaves slightly repand-denticulate, cordate, acuminate; -
bracts almost none; fruit 1-celled—It is nearest to C. alpina, but is the C.
Lutetiana, Var. occidentalis, of Nuttall, in Herb. Gray. Also collected by
Lyall in the Galton Mountains, and by Bolander in California. The species
extends from the Northern States and Canada to the Saskatchewan, Oregon
and Sitka. Found-in the Wahsatch Mountains, Utah; 7—8,000 feet: altitude ;
July, August. (427.)

LOASACEZ,

MENTZELIA ALBICAULIS, Dougl. Stem 6-18’ high, branching from the
base, white and polished and nearly glabrous below, rather weak; leaves
lanceolate, remote, more or less deeply sinuate-pinnatifid or toothed, sessile ;
flowers solitary or somewhat clustered, bracteolate; petals obovate, 2” long,

light yellow, scarcely exceeding the short subulate-lanceolate calyx-segments ;
15
114 BOTANY.

filaments 15-80, subulate-filiform or occasionally somewhat dilated ; capsules
cylindric, narrow, elongated; seeds 20-40.—From Sonora and New Mexico
to California, Utah and Colorado. Frequent in Nevada from the Washoe to
the East Humboldt Mountains, and also found on Carrington Island, Salt
Lake; 4,200-8,000 feet altitude; May-July. (428.)

Var. racttenta. (MM. gracilenta, T.& G.) Flowers usually somewhat
capitate, 2-3 times larger, petals 2-4” long, deep yellow with an orange base ;
stems simple or branched, -erect and strict; leaves very variable, often linear-
pinnatifid with numerous segments, or oblong- or ovate-lanceolate and more
or less entire.—California and Southern Oregon, (Cronkhite.) It is 506 and
575 Brewer, 165 Coulter, and M. Veatchiana, Kell. Frequent from the
Washoe to the West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 5,000 feet altitude;
May-July. (429.)

Var. inrecrirouia. Usually branched; leaves ovate, oblong or oblong-
lanceolate, entire or sinuately toothed or pinnatifid; flowers and fruit as in the
ordinary M. albicaulis, but the seeds rather few (6-20) and some of the 15-20
filaments occasionally petaloid—There seems very little to separate this from
M. micrantha, H. & A., which has the same habit and foliage and is by no
means constant in having a 3-seeded capsule, having sometimes half-a-dozen
or more seeds. This is 663 Geyer, 571 Hall & Harbour, and 195 Vasey.
East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and Antelope Island and the Wahsatch,
Utah; 4,500-6,000 feet altitude; June, July. (430.)

MeENTZzELIA concesTa, Nutt. Stem 6-10’ high, branching, pubescent,
white; leaves short, the lower linear-lanceolate, entire or pinnatifid, the
upper ones clasping; bracts membranous, toothed, broadly ovate and em-
bracing the sessile clusters of (3-5) flowers; petals 2” in length, yellow,
orange at base, a little longer than the calyx; stamens about 20; capsules
clavate-oblong, 12—20-seeded.—Rare ; collected only by Nuttall in Southern
Idaho. Found on the foot-hills of the Toyabe Mountains, east of Austin,
Nevada; 6,000 feet altitude; July. (481.)

MEnTzeELIa Lz&vicauLis, T. & G. Tall, 2-8° high, stout, branching;
leaves lanceolate, sinuate-pinnatifid, sessile ; flowers large and showy, termi-
nating the branches and often somewhat crowded ; bracteoles none, or few
and subulate ; petals 5 or rarely 10, 2’ long, yellow, erect-spreading, lanceolate,
acute, ‘longer than the lanceolate acuminate sepals; stamens very many, the
5 outer filaments dilated; seeds numerous, winged.—Mature capsule 1/-14'
CATALOGUE. 115

long and 6” in diameter ; petals a light sulphur-yellow, fading with age, open
during the day. MM. ornata, with “white” flowers and bracteated calyx-tube,
was not met with. Stansbury’s plant, so named, is levicaulis. From New
Mexico and Colorado to California and Washington Territory. On dry foot-
hills from the Washoe Mountains to Salt Lake; 4,500-6,000 feet altitude ;
June—September. (432.)

CACTACE.

BY DR. GEORGE ENGELMANN.

Maminiarta’ (Eumaminiaria) Granami, Eng. Globose or oval, usually
simple, 1-3’ high; on the short oval close-set tubercles are numerous thin
but rigid whitish spines, 3-6” long, the outer 15-30 in a single series and
straight, surrounding a stouter and longer hooked brown one; flowers small,
nearly 1’ wide, reddish ; berry oval, green, with black pitted seeds—Rocky
localities in Southern New Mexico, Arizona and the adjoining parts of Utah.

MaMiLLaRIA PHELLOSPERMA, Eng. Resembling the last, rather larger,
more oblong or cylindrical; tubercles longer and less crowded; spines more
numerous, the outer 40-60 in two series, the exterior bristle-like, the inner
more robust, with 3-4 brown central spines, of which one or more are
hooked ; flowers similar ; berry club-shaped, scarlet ; seed globose, with a
larger spongy brown appendage.—Gravelly soil in Southern Utah and Ari-
zona, rarer than the last. :

MaminiariA (CoRYPHANTHA) vivipaRa, Haw., Var. Simple, oval, the
almost terete tubercles bearing fascicles of 5-8 reddish-brown spines sur-
rounded by 15-20 grayish ones in a single series, all straight and very rigid,
the latter 5-8”, the former even 10” long; flowers purple, often 2’ or more in
diameter, with numerous lance-subulate petals and fringed sepals; berry oval,
green; seed pitted, light-brown—Near St. George, Southern Utah, (J. E.
Johnson.) Larger than the often cespitose forms of the eastern slopes and

 

1MAMILLARIA, Haw. Sepals and petals united beyond the naked ovary into a short tube.
Berry juicy, oval or club-shaped. Seeds brown or black; embryo straight, without albumen; cotyledons.
very short, globose.—Low globose or oval plants, simple or branched, covered with spine-bearing tuber-
eles; flowers rising from the axils of the tubercles, usually small, about as wide as long, opening in sun-
shine only. Comprising two sections :—

§ EUMAMILLARIA, Enc. Flowers from the axils of the older (never grooved) tubercles,
usually small, |

§ CORYPHANTHA, Enc. Tubercles grooved on the upper surface; flowers usually large, from
the axils of the youngest often scarcely developed tubercles.
116 BOTANY.

plains. Another simple form, but scarcely half as large, occurs in Colorado
and possibly in Eastern Utah.

Mamitiarta Nurrauiu, Eng. Smaller, globose, simple or sometimes
ceespitose, with fewer (10-20) weaker ash-colored spines; flowers yellow,
1-2’ broad ; berries scarlet, subglobose ; seeds few, black, globose, pitted —
Common on the eastern slopes of the mountains of Colorado and perhaps to
be found in Eastern Utah.

Ecninocactus' Smpsont, Eng. Simple, globose or depressed, with
ovate tubercles like a Mamillaria, bearing about 20 outer ash-colored spines
and 5-10 stouter darker inner ones, all straight and rigid; flowers from
the top of the just developing tubercles, small, 9-12” broad, yellowish-green
to purplish; scales on the ovary very few; berry small, dry, with few black
tuberculated seeds—Butte and Kobe Valleys, Utah, (H. Engelmann ;) fre-
quent on the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains, Colorado; flowering in
April and May. [Found on the Havallah, Battle and Toyabe Mountains, and
above Thousand Spring Valley, Nevada, only on high rocky ridges; 78,000
feet altitude; July, in flower. Heads 2-5’ in diameter, often clustered, the
fleshy interior frequently colored. s. w.] A small variety, resembling forms
of M. vivipara in habit, but the tubercles grooveless and fruiting at top, has
spines 4-6” long, the inner scarcely different; a larger form has much larger
tubercles and spines, often 12-14” long, the inner ones bright reddish-
brown. (433.)

- Ecurwocactus Wuirrtet, Eng. & Big. Middle-sized, globose or oval,
with 13 interrupted ribs; outer spines 7-11, mostly ivory-white, the lowest
darkish, the upper much longer, flat and often curved; central spines 4, the
upper broader, longer, white, the others brown, the lowest hooked; flowers
greenish-red, with few (2-5) sepals on the ovary, 9-15” long, not quite so
wide; seeds few, large, tuberculate—Heads 3-5’ high; spines 3-20” long.
On the lower Colorado, (Bigelow, Newberry ;):in Desert Valley, west of
Sevier Lake, Utah, (H. Engelmann;) the latter with more radial spines
and often with more than one hooked.

Ecuinocactus potyancisrrus, Eng. & Big. Medium-sized, oval, with

 

* ECHINOCACTUS, Link & Orro. Sepals and petals united beyond the sepal-bearing ovary into
a short tube. Berry globose or oval, juicy or dry, covered with scales and sometimes with wool. ‘Seeds
brown or black ; embryo usually curved over a small albumen ; cotyledons short, foliaceous, parallel to
the sides of the seed.—Globose or oval, mostly simple, generally many-ribbed with bunches of spines on
the ribs, rarely tuberculated ; flowers near the top, just above and close to the spines of the same season,
usually large, as wide as long, open only in sunshine.
CATALOGUE. 117

13-17 interrupted ribs; outer spines 20 or more, white, the uppermost
broader and longer; central spines 5-10, upper one broadest, longest, white,
curved, the others brown, terete, mostly hooked; flowers yellow, large, 2-24’
long and wide, with about 8 fringed sepals on the ovary; seeds as in the
last.—Head-waters of the Mohave (Bigelow) to the sage-plains of Western
Nevada, (Gabb;) the southern form 4-10’ high, with longer spines, (the
longest 3-5';) the northern but 3-4’ high, with spines rarely more than
2’, the radial ones but 4-1’ long.

Ecurxocactus pusispinus, Eng. Small, (only 2’ high,) oval, with 13
compressed sinuate ribs; outer spines 6-10, bristle-like, 1-4” long, the upper-
most longest, often curved or hooked, with or without a stouter hooked cen-
tral one, all usually densely pubescent—Flower and fruit unknown. Found
by H. Engelmann in Pleasant Valley near Salt Lake Desert.

Ecninocactus Jonnsont, Parry MSS. Medium-sized, (4—6' high, ) oval,
with 17-21 low rounded interrupted close-set often oblique ribs, densely cov-
ered with stoutish reddish-gray spines; the outer 10-14, 4-1}' long, the
upper longest; the central 4, stouter, recurved, 14’ long; flowers large,
2-24’ long and wide, purple or pink, with numerous reniform sepals on the
ovary and tube, and ovate obtuse petals; seeds reticulate-pitted—Discovered
about St. George in Southern Utah by J. E. Johnson, whose zeal for the de-
velopment of the natural history and resources of his region is commemorated
in the name of the species.

EcuInocacTus POLYcEPHALUS, Eng. and Big. Usually with several
heads, often over a foot high, with few very stout annulated curved spines
and very early flowers, the base of which, as well as the fruit, is enveloped in
dense cotton.—From the Mohave region, and may be looked for in Southern
Nevada.

Cereus’ Encetmanni, Parry. Heads several, 4-12’ high, cylindric or
ovate, with 11-13 ribs, bearing bunches of about 13 pale acicular radiating

 

1CEREUS, Haw. Sepals and petals united above the sepal-bearing ovary into a short or usually
long tube. Berry juicy, globose or oval, beset with scales (sometimes rather indistinct) or spines. Seeds
brown or black; embryo straight or usually curved, without albumen ; cotyledons short or foliaceous,
commonly contrary to the sides of the seed.—Globose or oval, or mostly cylindric or columnar, few- or
many-ribbed, usually branched, bearing bunches of spines on the ribs; flowers lateral, just above and
close to the spines of previous seasons, usually large, fully open in sunlight or at night or, rarely, per-
manently.

The above species belong to § ECHINOCEREUS, Eng. :—Heads commonly many, low, oval or cylin-
dric; flowers short, mostly as wide as long; ovary covered with bunches of spines; stigmas green; seeds
small, tuberculated; cotyledons short, straight.
118 BOTANY.

spines, 3-6” long, and about 4 darker (yellow, brown or black) stout and an-
gular, straight or curved, central ones, 1-3" long; flowers very numerous,
large, (24’ broad or more,) purple, diurnal—From Salt Lake Desert (H.
Engelmann) to Silver Peak in the Sierras, (Gabb,) and southward to South-
ern Utah (Johnson) and the Mohave country (Bigelow.)

GeREvs viripirLorus, Eng. With very short pectinate pale and reddish-
brown spines and small green flowers—Common in Colorado, and may be
found in Utah.

Opuntia! (PLATOPUNTIA) BASILARIS, Eng. & Big. Low; joints 5-8’
long, obovate or triangular, proliferous from their base, pubescent, unarmed,
but beset with numerous dense fascicles of short brownish bristles, as is also
the ovary; flowers large, 24’ in diameter, purple; fruit dry, with large and
thick seeds—Nevada, in the Silver Peak region south of Walker's Lake,
(Gabb,) and southward.

Opuntia spH@RocARPA, Eng. & Big. Var. (?) Uranensis, Eng. Pros-
trate; joints small, orbicular-ovate, 2-3’ long and nearly as wide, thick;
spines in the axils of the minute subulate leaves, few and mostly weak or soli-
tary or none, with few and very short bristles; flowers 3’ in diameter, pale-
yellow; fruit oval, almost spineless, at last dry.—In the pass west of Steptoe
Valley, Utah, (H. Engelmann.)

Opuntia Missourtensis, DC. Prostrate; joints medium-sized, obovate
or almost orbicular, tuberculate; leaves minute, subulate, all bearing in their
axils 5-10 radiating or deflexed spines, 1-2’ long, often with a few erect
darker ones; flower large, 3’ broad, yellow; ovary and dry fruit spiny.—Quite
variable, especially in the stoutness and color of the spines. From the Upper
Missouri to the Canadian and New Mexico, and throughout the Salt Lake
Basin. [Found in Salt Lake Valley and the Wahsatch; 4,200-6,500 feet
altitude; July, in flower. Joints sometimes 6’ long and 4’ broad. w.] (434)

Var. [With smaller creeping joints, the numerous fascicles of short stout
spines strongly reflexed. Above Wahsatch Station in the Wahsatch Mount-
ains; 7,000 feet altitude. w.] (435.)

 

1 OPUNTIA, Tourn. Sepals and petals united beyond the sepal-bearing ovary into a very short
cup. Berry pulpy or dry. Seeds large, whitish, bony, flat, mostly irregular. Embryo curved around the
albumen ; cotyledons foliaceous, usually contrary to the sides of the seed.—Jointed, the joints broad and
flat, or clavate or cylindrical, bearing bunches of barbed spines and bristles in the axils of small terete
deciduous leaves, and from their middle rather large flowers, opening only in sunshine and much wider
than long. The above species belong to the two sections :—

§ PLaropuntia, Eng. Joints flattened ; embryo somewhat spiral.

§ CYLINDROPUNTIA, Eng. Joints clavate or cylindrical ; embryo nearly circular.
CATALOGUE. 119

Opuntia Hysrricina, Eng. & Big. Very similar to the preceding and
probably only a form of it, with longer and more numerous gray or reddish
spines, longer yellow bristles, and usually smaller flowers—New Mexico ;
between Walker and Carson Rivers, (H. Engelmann,) and Owen’s Valley,
(Gabb,) Nevada. [Found abundantly in Monitor and Thousand Spring Val-
leys, Nevada; 5-6,000 feet altitude; July, in flower; September, in fruit.
Flowers either purple or sulphur-yellow, scarcely smaller. w.] (436.)

OpunTIA RUTILA, Nutt. Similar to O. Missouriensis ; joints often larger,
3’ by 4’, covered with closely set bunches of mostly radiating and deflexed
spines, the larger ones flattened and often twisted; flowers rose-red ; ovary
and dry berry spiny—From Fillmore to St. George, Utah, (Dr. Palmer ;
J. E. Johnson ;) a rediscovery of Nuttall’s long-lost plant, who found it near
the Green River in Southern Wyoming.

-OPUNTIA ERINACEA, Eng. & Big. Pac. R. R. Surv. 4. 47, ¢.13. Diffuse,
ascending; joints thick, ovate, 2-24’ long, or sometimes elongated and almost
cylindric, densely covered with clusters of 3-5 radiating spines, slender,
4-14’ long, very rigid, reddish-gray, with 2-4 smaller ones below; berry
ovate, 14’ long, with crowded clusters of 12-20 mostly deflexed spines, 3-6”
long —Near Mohave Creek, Southern California, (Bigelow.) [A specimen in
Herb. Gray., collected by Dr. Bloomer near Virginia City, Nevada, (not seen
by Dr. Engelmann,) may belong to this species. w.]

OPpuNTIA FRAGILIS, Nutt. Joints small, ovate, compressed or tumid or
even terete, 1-14’ long, fragile; larger spines 4, cruciate, mostly yellowish
brown, with 4—6 smaller white radiating ones below; bristles few; flowers
smaller, yellow; fruit smaller, with 20-28 clusters of bristles, only the upper
ones with a few short spines; seeds few, regular—On the Upper Missouri
and Yellowstone, southward probably to New Mexico. [Found at the west
base of the Wahsatch in Jordan Valley. Specimens not seen by Dr. Engel-
mann, but doubtless of this species. w.]  (437.)

Opuntia (CYLINDROPUNTIA) PULCHELLA, Eng. Low, 3 10’ high, spread-
ing; joints small, slender, 1-3’ long, 6” thick, clavate, tuberculated, with
bunches of straight radiating spines 6-18” long, from white to nearly black,
one or more of the inner longer ones flattened; flowers purple, 12’ or less in
diameter; ovary and dry berry bearing numerous flexible not barbed bristles —
Near Walker’s River, Nevada, (H. Engelmann, Gabb.) [Frequent in the
valleys of Western Nevada from the Trinity Mountains to Monitor Valley ;
120 BOTANY.

45,000 feet altitude; May—August. A very showy species, with sometimes
50 flowers upon a single plant; main stem erect, becoming 9” in thickness
and occasionally showing 25 annual rings. w.] (438.)

Opuntia ARBoREScCENS, Eng. 38-5° high or more, with horizontal
branches, cylindric strongly tuberculated joints, numerous sheathed spines,
large purple flowers, and tuberculated unarmed fruit—New Mexico and Ari-
zona, and probably farther northward.

OPUNTIA ACANTHOCARPA, Eng. & Big. Similar to the last; rather more
slender and with more erect branches, smaller copper-colored flowers and
rather even spiny, fruit—Arizona, and probably Southern Utah.

OPUNTIA FRUTESCENS, Eng. 2-4° high, with slender terete joints 3” in
thickness, very small yellow flowers and scarlet berries—From Texas to
Southeastern California, and probably farther northward.

FICOIDEZ.

SESUVIUM PORTULACASTRUM, L., Var. Leaves spatulate-obovate and ob-
tuse, as in S. pentandrum. Florida to New Jersey. Growing in alkaline
soil, Truckee Meadows and at the Hot Springs near Meigs’s Station, Nevada ;

4,500 feet altitude; May-July. (439.)

UMBELLIFERZ.

OrRoGENIA! LINEARIFOLIA. Stem leafless, rising but an inch or two above
the ground and very slender; leaves 2-3, upon filiform petioles, equaling the
stem; leaflets 1-2’ long and 1” wide, petiolulate, obtuse ; umbels with 2-3
rays, 1-4” long; umbellets 3-5-flowered; flowers nearly sessile; involucre
none; involucels of a few (1-3) linear leaflets exceeding the rays; fruit
13-2” long, oblong, subcompressed; tubers small, rounded, 3-5” in diameter.—
Damp shaded ridge of the Wahsatch, north of Parley’s Park; 7,500 feet alti-
tude; June 28, in fruit. Near to Evigenia, both in habit and characters.
Puate XIV. Fig. 1. Plant; natural size. Fig. 2. Carpel; enlarged four di-
ameters. Fig. 3. Cross-section of same; enlarged eight diameters. (440.)

 

1OROGENIA. Calyx-teeth minute. Stylopodia somewhat elevated. Fruit ovoid, but slightly
compressed laterally and with a commissure but little narrowed; carpels dorsally compressed, slightly
incurved; the 3 dorsal ribs filiform, the lateral thickened, corky and involute; vitte obscure, 3 in each in-
terval, and 2-4 in the commissure. Carpophore (?) adnate to the carpels and forming a thick corky mid-
rib dividing the hollowed face of the commissure longitudinally. Seed somewhat concave.—Dwarf,
scarcely caulescent, glabrous. Root tuberous. Leaves radical, 1-2-ternate; segments entire, linear,
Umbel subcompound, with few very short unequal rays. ‘
FLATE iY

 

1-3 OROGENIA LINEARIFOLIA 4-° @NOTHERA PTEROSPERMA 8GALUM 3IFSLOUM
CATALOGUE, 121

Cicura macunaTa, L. From Florida to Mississippi and northward to
Canada and the Saskatchewan; collected rather rarely west of the Missis-
sippi, but reported from the Lower Platte, (F'rémont,) Western Texas, New
Mexico and Southern California. Truckee, Diamond, and Thousand Spring
Valleys, Nevada; 4-6,000 feet altitude ; July=September. (441.)

Carum' Garrpyert, Benth. & Hook. (Edosmia, T. & G.) Root tuber-
ous: stems terete, slender, 1-4° high, with a few 1-3-pinnate or ternate
leaves and linear or sometimes lanceolate leaflets, the upper leaves sheathin g
and often simple; umbels on elongated peduncles, with 6-12 rays; calyx-
teeth small, ovate, persistent; petals white, broadly obcordate; fruit about
1” long, ovate, glabrous, contracted at the commissure, with solitary broad
thin vittee; involucre of 1-2, and involucels of several setaceous bracts —
Tubers 2-3 in a fascicle, scarcely the size of the little finger, but forming an
important article of food to the Indian tribes. The common name for it
through Utah and Nevada is “ Yep,” ‘Yepah,” or “Yampah.” It is very
nutritious, contains much starch, and its taste is sweet and pleasant. From
Washington Territory and Idaho to California and Utah. Frequent through
Nevada and in the Wahsatch; 5-6,500 feet altitude; June—October. (442.)

Stum LInEARE, Mx. With leaves varying from nearly entire to incisely
pinnatifid, From Florida to Mississippi and northward to Canada and the
Saskatchewan ; collected also in Kansas, Colorado, and Oregon. Found in
the Truckee and Ruby Valleys, Nevada, and in Weber Valley, Utah ; 46,000
feet altitude; July-August. (443.)

Srum aneustirotium, L. Widely but sparingly distributed; Massachu-
setts to Illinois and Wisconsin, Wyoming, Oregon, California, New Mexico,
and Florida, Found in Diamond, Ruby and Upper Humboldt Valleys,
Nevada, and in Salt Lake Valley; 4,500-6,000 feet altitude; July—

October. (444.)
Pivprneuia’ apropora, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad. 7. 345. Stems

 

!CARUM, L. Calyx-teeth small, minute, or none, (conspicuous in C. Kellogii.) Petals with the
point inflexed and more or less 2-lobed by the intrusion of the midvein. Stylopodia more or less
broadly conical. Fruit ovate or oblong, laterally compressed and often narrowed at the commis-
sure, very rarely didymous; carpels 5-angled; ribs obtuse, slightly prominent, equal, the lateral ones
marginal; vitte solitary, very rarely in pairs. Carpophore bifid or 2-parted. Seed subterete, convex
upon the face, or flat, or slightly concave.—Annual or perennial, and glabrous, or the fruit only hispid.
Leaves pinnate, or ternately or pinnately decompound. Umbels compound. Leaves of the involucre
few or none, of the involucels usually several, entire. Bento. & Hoox.

2PIMPINELLA, L. Calyx-teeth obsolete or rarely small. Petals narrowed to an inflexed point.
Stylopodia cushioned, or conical ; styles usually elongated. Fruit ovate or shorter than the width, more

16
122 BOTANY.

slender, 1-3° high; leaves ternately decompound with incisely pinnatifid or
trifid leaflets, the segments oblong or subcuneate, incised; cauline leaves
usually 1-2, with a short sheathing petiole ; leaflets of the involucels linear-
subulate or setaceous; petals white or sometimes pinkish ; fruit broadly ovate,
subdidymous, with slightly prominent ribs—Coast range of Northern Cali-
fornia. Found in the Clover Mountains, Nevada; 9,000 feet altitude ;
September. (445.)

Osmoruiza NuDA, Torr. Pac. R. R. Surv., 4.93. Petioles and lower
part of the stem strigosely pubescent; leaflets broadly ovate, often deeply
8-lobed, coarsely dentate-serrate ; peduncles elongated ; involucre and involu-
cels none; umbel 4-rayed, rays 4—6-flowered ; styles very short; fruit obtuse,
shorter than the pedicels——In these specimens, however, as in those from
California, involucres and involucels are occasionally present, though small;
the pedicels are frequently shorter than the fruit; and the stems, peduncles
and leaves are often nearly or quite glabrous. On the other hand, O. brevi-
stylis of the Eastern States is sometimes seen with its umbels fully as naked.
California; Alaska. Frequent in the Wahsatch and Uinta Mountains; 5-9,000
feet altitude; May—August. (446.)

Myrruis' occipenTauis, Benth. & Hook. (Glycosma, Nutt.) Some-
what puberulent or pubescent; stems 2-4° high, branching; leaves long-
petioled, the cauline sessile, biternate or bipinnate, segment oblong or ovate-
lanceolate, incisely serrate; umbels of 8-12 slender rays; fruit dark-green
or black, 6-8” long, glabrous, with very short styles, the ribs acute but mar-
ginless.—California and Oregon. Found in the Havallah range and East
and West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch; 6—7,000 feet
altitude; June-August. Some of the specimens might perhaps be referred

 

or less laterally compressed, often constricted at the broad commissure; carpels subterete or dorsally
compressed, with the 5-ribs equal, often slender, distant ; vittzs numerous, conspicuous or very delicate,
rarely approximate under the ribs or subsolitary. Carpophore bifid or 2-parted. Seeds subterete or dor-
sally compressed, nearly flat on the face, often free from the loose pericarp.—Usually perennial and
glabrous, or the flowers and fruit a little hairy, with mostly ternately or pinnately decompound leaves
and compound umbels. Involucre and involucels usually none or of a fewsmall leaflets. BENTH. &
Hoox.

I1MYRRHIS, Scop. Calyx-teeth minute or obsolete. Petals cuneate-obovate orjoblong, inflexed
and quasi-emarginate or 2-lobed. Stylopodia thick, cushioned or short-conical, subentire. Fruit elon-
gated, shortly beaked, somewhat compressed laterally, with a broad commissure; carpels very convex on
the back; ribs equal, rather thick, elevated or margined, smooth or roughened; vitte solitary in the in-
tervals, very minute. Carpophore bifid. Seeds subcompressed dorsally, slightly concave or deeply
sulcate on the face.—Perennial, pubescent or villous, with biternate or pinnately decompound leaves and
dentate leaflets; umbels compound, without involucre and involucels (in American species ;) flowers
white. Brntu. & Hoox.
CATALOGUE. 123

to M. Bolanderi, Gray, but there is so much variation in pubescence, in the
size and section of the leaflets, and in the length of the fruiting pedicels that
there seems hardly place for distinction. An original specimen of Nuttall’s
in Herb. Torr. has the pedicels but 1-13” long, and the stems subpubes-
cent. (447.)

CYMOPTERUS' NIVALIS. Caudex long and branching; minutely scabrous-
puberulent or subglabrous, glaucous; leaves simply pinnate with the leaflets
3-5-lobed or pinnately dissected, the segments oblong-lanceolate, acute or
mucronate; scape exceeding the leaves, 2—4’ high, with a single small nearly
capitate umbel; involucre none; involucel 1-sided, of 5-7 broad obtuse
membranous bracts, united at base, and nearly equaling the white or pinkish
flowers; calyx-teeth short and obtuse; wings equal, thin—Near C. alpinus,
but distinguished by the involucels, the smaller and more compact umbels
of white flowers, and the comparatively thin, less corky wings. East Hum-
boldt Mountains, Nevada; 9-10,000 feet altitude; July, August. (448.)

CyMOPTERUS MoNTANUS, Nutt. ‘Stem usually solitary from a fleshy root,
erect, sheathed at base, 1-2’ long; leaves glaucous, glabrous or somewhat
scabrous-puberulent, bipinnately divided, the segments (about 3-4 pairs)
oblong, somewhat incised, obtuse and submucronulate; peduncles usually
shorter than the leaves; involucre and involucels somewhat campanulate,
scarious, about 5-parted, the segments obovate and obtuse, entire or 3—5-cleft,
with greenish ribs; flowers white, polygamous; calyx-teeth small, ovate;
fruit about 3” long; carpophore persistent, 2-parted ; wings 6-10, broad and
membranous, often unequal; seed more or less involute—An abnormal form
was collected by Beckwith on the Goshoot Mountains, Utah, having 10
spongy wings on the upper part of the ovary extending beyond the flower,
the stamens reduced to rudiments, petals 2-3, of an unusual form, the styles
conspicuous but without stigmas. The species extends from Western Texas
to Arizona and north to Colorado and Montana.

 

1CYMOPTERUS, Rar. Calyx-teeth rather prominent and setaceous or lanceolate, minute or
obsolete. Petals ovate, oblong or oblanceolate, inflexed, quasi-emarginate. Disk flattened around the
styles, undulate-margined. Fruit ovate or elliptical, obtuse or retuse, subterete or slightly compressed
dorsally ; carpels semiterete ; ribs thick and elevated, all or only the lateral ones or those opposite to the
calyx-teeth expanded into wings; vittz numerous, narrow. Carpophore 2-parted, free or attached to
the carpels. Seeds much compressed dorsally and more or less concave on the face.—Perennial and sub-
cespitose, with a thickened caudex; leaves pinnately decompound with narrow small or incisely pinna-
tifid segments; umbels compound, usually few-rayed ; involucral bracts 1-2 or none, of the involucels
several, yery narrow or broad and membranous; flowers white or yellow. BunTH. & Hook,
124 BOTANY.

Var. gLososus. Glabrous; flowers in dense globose heads, 4—8” in
diameter, the broad membranous involucrate bracts only sometimes apparent
in the fruiting specimens ; staminate flowers few and central, or occupying the
whole umbel; fruit 5-7” long, with the wings 2-3” broad; vittee 3 in the
intervals, and 3-4 on each side of the commissure opposite to the edges of
the strongly involute seed—A well marked variety. Carson Valley and on
the Virginia and Trinity Mountains, Nevada; 4,500-7,000 feet altitude;
April, May. Asin several other species of the genus, the root has an agreeable
flavor and is gathered for food by the Indians in early spring. (449.)

Cymoprerus GLAucus, Nutt. Caudex and leaves as in the last, but the
segments more numerous (5-7 pairs) and pinnately incised, with linear-
oblong divisions, more or less scabrous-puberulent; peduncles elongating in
fruit and exceeding the leaves; rays 10-15, 4-6” long; involucre none; invo-
lucels of 6-8 linear acute leaflets; flowers white; calyx-teeth small; fruit 2”
long, with 10 narrow somewhat corky wings; carpophore 2-parted; vittee as in
the last, forming slight ridges in the broad intervals ; seeds involute.—Nuttall’s
description was drawn from young specimens, with which these accord
exactly ; collected by him in northern Idaho. Found on the Battle and East
Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 7—7,500 feet altitude; June, July. (450.)

‘Cymorterus Loneires. As in the preceding, but the stem 4-6’ high,
and the fruiting peduncles exceeding the leaves, 410’ in length; very nearly
glabrous throughout; segments of the leaves 3-5 pairs, somewhat pinnate,
the divisions broadly oval and mucronulate; involucre none or a single
setaceous leaflet; involucels of 6-8 subulate acuminate somewhat scarious |
bracts; rays about 10, 4-10” long; flowers yellow; calyx-teeth small, ovate,
obtuse; fruit 3-4” long; carpophore 2-parted; vittze broad and conspicuous,
3—4 in the intervals and 3 on each side of the commissure; wings 10, broad
and scariously membranous, somewhat unequal; seed very strongly involute,
sometimes even terete by the meeting of the opposite edges—Wahsatch
Mountains near Salt Lake City, and on Antelope Island; 5,000 feet altitude ;
May, June. (451.)

CYMoPTERUS FENICULACEUS, Nutt. Glabrous; stems very short, from
a branching and spreading caudex; leaves mostly radical on rather long and
slender petioles, pinnately decompound, the segments short and linear,
acuminate; cauline leaves near the base, resembling the radical ones;
peduncles 3-6’ long; umbel of 8-12 unequal rays, without involucre ;
CATALOGUE. 125

involucels of several lanceolate bracts; flowers yellow, with prominent
lanceolate calyx-teeth ; fruit 3-4” long, with one carpel often abortive, the
perfect one with 3-5 rather narrow undulate membranous wings (the
middle or intermediate ones often wanting;) vittee numerous, 3-4 in the
intervals and 6-10 upon the commissure; carpophore free, 2-parted; seed
concave.—Allied to C. terebinthinus, which is a stouter plant with rigid
coarsely dissected leaves; Eastern Oregon, (Nuttall;) Sierras of California,
(Brewer.) Found in the Virginia and West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada;
6—-9,000 feet altitude; May—September. (452.)

Cymoprerus (?) anisatus, Gray. Proc. Acad. Phil. Mar. 1863, p. 63.
Acaulescent, ceespitose from a much-branched caudex, glabrous; leaves 4-6’
long, narrow, on long petioles, somewhat rigid, pinnate, the leaflets 6-10
pairs, pinnately parted; segments entire or laciniately lobed, linear, pun-
gently acute; scapes equaling or exceeding the leaves, 6-12’ high; rays
8-12, unequal; involucre usually none; involucels of 6-8 linear-subulate
leaflets, equaling the white flowers; calyx-teeth conspicuous, linear-subulate,
foliaceous; fruit 2” long, irregularly winged, the lateral ribs and one dorsal
one usually broader, rather thick and not membranous; vitte obscure, one
in each narrow interval, 2-4 on the commissure; seeds slightly concave,
somewhat crenately sulcate under the dorsal intervals—This is 157 Parry
(1861) and 222 Hall & Harbour from Colorado, its determination still left
doubtful. The nearly mature fruit now collected would rather place it in
the genus Sese/z but for the too prominent wings. Found in the East Hum-
boldt Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch ; 8-9,000 feet altitude; July,
August. (453.)

Ligusticum apiFotium, Benth. & Hook. (Cynapium, Nutt.) Stems
2-4° high, terete, leafy or naked, branching towards the summit, with 2-4
umbels on long peduncles; leaves pinnately decompound, the segments
incisely lobed, acute ; cauline leaves ternate, upon a short dilated sheath ;
involucre none; involucel few-leaved, lateral; calyx-teeth obsolete; the
stylopodia rather prominent, with a somewhat dilated crenate margin; fruit
24” long, oval, with acutely carinate ribs; seeds concave on the face, with a
central longitudinal ridge—Oregon, California, and Colorado; probably
throughout the Rocky Mountain region. In the Wahsatch and Uinta Moun-
tains ; 8-9,000 feet altitude ; with immature fruit, July and August. (454)

THASPIUM TRIFOLIATUM, Gray. From Florida to Louisiana and northward
126 BOTANY.

to Canada and the Saskatchewan; Western Wyoming, (Tolmie.) Wahsatch
Mountains, (Parley’s Park,) Utah; 6,000 feet altitude; June. (455.)

Srrinum! Kine. Stems 1-2° high, somewhat branching from a thick
root; radical leaves bipinnate, the cauline nearly simply pinnate, with petioles
dilated at base; leaflets 1-3’ long, ovate or linear-lanceolate, coarsely and
unequally serrate, teeth cuspidate; umbels 5-10-rayed, glabrous; involucre
and involucels none; calyx-teeth small; petals white ; fruit hispid, 2-3” long,
exceeding the raylets, broadly ovate, the dorsal ribs narrowly winged,
approximate, the lateral ones broader, slightly thickened; dorsal vitte
solitary, sunk in depressions of the seed, 2-4 on the commissure, which is
thickened into a corky ridge in the centre-—A coarse aquatic, found in the
East and West Humboldt Mountains, and in Ruby Valley, Nevada; 6,000
feet altitude; August, September. (456.)

Seninum ‘caprrectatum, Benth. & Hook. (Sphenosciadium, Gray.
Proc. Amer. Acad., 6.536.) Much resembling the last; stem stouter, 2-5°
high; umbels tomentose; the pubescent flowers and fruit sessile in globose
heads; carpels obovate-cuneate or obscurely obcordate, the narrow base
strongly 5-ribbed, the ribs expanding upward into thickish wings, the
lateral ones broader.—Collected by Dr. Anderson in the Washoe Mountains,
near Carson City, Nevada.

Ancetica Brewert, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad., 7. 348. Stout, 3-5°
high, glabrous or slightly puberulent; petioles spathaceously dilated; leaves
3-ternate or 3-quinate; leaflets broad-lanceolate, sharply toothed, teeth cus-
pidate, veinlets reticulated, lateral leaflets sessile, unequal at base and often
united ; involucre and involucels none; flowers white; fruit 3-43” long,
puberulent or glabrous, oblong with thick narrow wings; the vitte large,
those upon the back adherent to grooves in the seed, in the lateral in-
tervals sometimes in pairs; seed concave on the face—On the Sierras of
Middle California. Found in the Pah-Ute and East and West Humboldt
Mountains, Nevada; 5-8,000 feet altitude ; August, October. (457.)

ANGELICA PINNATA. Glabrous throughout, or the immature fruit slightly

 

1SELINUM, L. Calyx-teeth obsolete or rarely slightly prominent. Petals cuneate or broad, with
along infolded apex, quasi-emarginate or 2-lobed. Stylopodia conical or depressed. Fruit ovoid or
rarely ovate-oblong, transversly subterete, slightly compressed dorsally, with a broad commissure; car-
pels semiterete, the primary ribs very prominent, more or less winged, the lateral ones usually broader ;
vitte solitary in the intervals, or very rarely with a second one. Carpophore 2-parted.—Perennial,
branching, glabrous ; leaves pinnately decompound ; involucral bracts none or few and deciduous, of the
involucels several, small; flowers white or rarely greenish-yellow. Bunrn. & Hook.
CATALOGUE. 127

puberulent; stem rather slender, 2-3° high, substriate; petioles spathace-
ously dilated; leaves simply pinnate, with a tendency to be bipinnate in the
lower pair of leaflets, which are often short-petiolulate ; leaflets 1-6’ long,
2-4 pairs, ovate to narrowly lanceolate, sharply and somewhat unequally
serrate, occasionally entire, veinlets finely reticulated ; rays 10-15; umbel-
lets crowded; involucre and involucels none; flowers small, greenish-yellow
or dull-purple ; calyx-teeth obsolete ; stylopodia with a somewhat expanded
crenate margin; fruit nearly orbicular, 2-3” long, emarginate above and
below; the dorsal wings thick and rather narrow, the lateral expanded and
broader than the seed ; vittee rather large; seed scarcely concave, not sulcate.
—Wahsatch and Uinta Mountains; 7-8,000 feet altitude; J uly, August.
Specimens collected by Lyall in the Galton and Cascade Mountains are
apparently the same, but are only in flower, and the larger leaves are bipin-
nately divided. (458.)

ARCHANGELICA Guetint, DC. (?.) The specimens are without mature
fruit; leaflets broadly ovate, 3-12’ long, coarsely and unequally dentate, the
teeth-cuspidate; involucels wanting or of a few very narrow setaceous bracts;
stems 1-2° high. Found in the Uinta Mountains; 10-11,000 feet altitude ;
August. The species occurs in Massachusetts, in the Rocky Mountains of
Colorado, and on the western coast from Behring Strait to Oregon. A.
officinalis, to which it is referred by Dr- Hooker, is found in Greenland,
Labrador and northern Alaska. (459.) .

FERULA ! MULTIFIDA, Gray. (Leptotenia, Nutt.) Stems 18’-2° high,
stout, several from a large conical root, simple or branched, naked or with
1-2 leaves which are broadly dilated and sheathing at base; segments of
the 3—4-pinnate leaves incisely pinnatifid, with narrow or linear lobes;
involucre deciduous or of 1-2 persistent leaflets; involucels of several narrow
bracts; umbels of 12-15 rays, 2-3’ long; flowers dull-yellow or brownish ;
fruit 4-9’ long and 4” broad, about equaling the pedicel—Much resembling

 

1FERULA, L. Calyx-teeth obsolete or small. Petals broad, with the inflexed point usually short
and subentire and with the midrib slightly if at all impressed. Stylopodia small or conical, with a more
or less dilated undulate margin. Fruit orbicular or ovate, flattened; carpels scarcely convex on the
back; the primary dorsal ribs filiform or slightly elevated, the lateral thin, often with a nerved margin,
closely contiguous and forming a wing which is entire before the dehiscence of the fruit; vitte usually
numerous, conspicuous or obscure, very rarely in exceptional carpels but 1-2 in the central intervals.
Carpophore free, 2-parted. Seed flattened dorsally.—Perennial, glabrous and often glaucous; leaves
pinnately decompound, the ultimate segments usually filiform or small; umbels compound; involucre
and involucels of short entire bracts, rarely very small or none; flowers yellow; fruit glabrous. BENTH,
& Hoox,
128 BOTANY.

F. dissecta, which is a somewhat taller plant, with subsessile fruit and a more
persistent several-leaved involucre. The root is very tough and rank and is
not eaten by the Pah-Utes. Oregon and Idaho. Abundant from the Washoe
Mountains to the Wahsatch; 5-7,000 feet altitude; May—August. (460.)

Prucepanum! sativum, Benth. & Hook, (Pastinaca, L.) Ruby Valley,
Nevada; introduced. (461.)

Psucepanum Nurratuu. (P. latifolium, Nutt.) Acaulescent, from a
thick cylindrical root, glabrous; leaves ternate or bi-ternate, the segments
ovate or orbicular, 1-14’ in length, obtuse, with a few cuspidate teeth at the
apex; scape 4-12’ long, stout, bearing a single umbel of 15-25 unequal
rays, elongating in fruit (3-6’ long ;) involucre and involucels none; flower
light-yellow; calyx-teeth obsolete; fruit elliptic-oblong, 4” long, with a
narrow thin wing; carpels convex upon the back; ribs but slightly promi-
nent; vittae very obscure, 3-4 in the intervals and about 4 upon the com-
missure—A very well marked and distinct species, with a strong anise-like
odor. Collected in Idaho by Nuttall and on the Dalles, Oregon, by Major
Raines. Havallah Range, Nevada; 6—-8,000 feet altitude; June. An older
P. latifolium, DC., compels a change of name. (462.)

PevceDANUM GRAVEOLENS. Acaulescent, from a thick root, glabrous
throughout; leaves bipinnate, the segments linear, elongated, cuspidate ;
scape 6-18’ high, a little exceeding the leaves; umbels of 6-20 somewhat
equal rays; involucre none; involucel unilateral, of 6-8 linear-lanceolate
leaflets; flowers yellow; calyx-teeth small but manifest; fruit 4-5” long and
2" broad, oblong, with a rather narrow somewhat thickened but acute mar-
gin and irregularly raised or but slightly prominent ribs; vittee about 2 in
each interval and 4 on the commissure; seed somewhat sulcate upon the
back.—Evidently nearly allied to P. ¢riternatum, from which it is distin-
guished by its entire want of pubescence, the evident though small calyx, the
broader variously winged fruit and the more equally rayed umbel. 220
Geyer is the same. Subalpine, abundant in localities and possessing a strong
disagreeable odor. Wahsatch and Uinta Mountains; 9-10,000 feet altitude;
July, August. (463.)

1PEUCEDANUM, L. Very nearly as in Ferula; the petals usually more inflexed, with the point
more depressed and 2-toothed at the apex; the wing of the fruit narrower, thicker and with a sharper
margin, or dilated and thin but with the margin nearly nerveless, and especially differing in the vitte
being almost always solitary in the intervals; the flowers are also often white.—These are the distine-
tions drawn by Bentham & Hooker. It will be noticed that in several of the present species characters
occur which render their position doubtful. A careful revision of the genus, as of the genera of the order,
with especial reference to American species, is greatly needed.

 
CATALOGUE. 129

Var. atpinum. Dwarf; leaves 3’ long, with dilated scarious bases,
mostly simply pinnate with 3-5 pairs of leaflets; stems 4—6’ high, with a
3—6-rayed umbel, occasionally subtended by a single involucral bract; fruit
2-3” long, the margins rather thin and the dorsal ribs either filiform or
nearly as prominent as in an Angelica; vittee very obscure, 1-2 in the inter-
vals, 4-6 on the commissure——East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 9,000
feet altitude. (464.)

PEUCEDANUM SIMPLEX, Nutt. MSS., (in Herb. Gray.) Acaulescent,
puberulent and glaucous; leaves sheathing at base, pinnate or occasionally
bipinnate, the leaflets about 2 pairs, linear or linear-lanceolate, elongated
(2-4' long;) scapes 6-18’ high, slender, exceeding the leaves, with very
rarely a petioled leaf in the middle, bearing a single 5-15-rayed umbel; bracts
of the involucel usually numerous, lanceolate or setaceous; flowers yellow ;
calyx-teeth obsolete ; fruit large, 3-6” long and 2-5” broad, somewhat emar-
ginate at each extremity, the thin submembranous wing nearly as wide as
the seed and with a vein-like margin; the dorsal ribs slightly prominent ;
vittee broad and solitary ; the seed thin and much flattened.—Identical with
Nuttall’s original specimens; collected by him in the Rocky Mountains, also
by Sitgreave in Northwestern Arizona, (P. triternatum, var. platycarpum,
Torr.,) and found more recently in Montana. Rather frequent on the foot-
hills of the Wahsatch; 5—6,000 feet altitude; May-July. (465.)

PrEUCEDANUM MILLEFOLIUM. Acaulescent, glabrous; leaves ternate-
pinnately decompound, the ultimate segments linear, cuspidate, very numer-
ous; scapes 12-18’ high, with a single umbel of 6-12 fertile nearly equal
rays, 1-3’ long, the wholly sterile rays numerous and shorter; involucre
none; involucel of 8-12 linear-subulate bracts, not unilateral; calyx-teeth
small; petals (apparently white) with a narrowly attenuated point; fruit
large, 46” long and 3-4” broad, about equaling the raylets, somewhat cordate
at base, the thin submembranous wing more than half as broad as the seed,
_ the dorsal ribs slightly prominent; vittee conspicuous and solitary, a central
pair in the commissure with a more or less prominent mid-rib between; seed
thin, somewhat concave-—Resembling P. feniculaceum, but taller, glabrous,
the fruit 2-3 times larger, with fewer vitte. Antelope Island, Salt Lake; in
fiuit, June. (466.)

PEUCEDANUM BICOLOR. Caulescent or scarcely so, glabrous or slightly

17
130 BOTANY.

puberulent; stems ascending or erect, 4-18’ long; petioles wholly dilated
and sheathing; leaves ternate-pinnately decompound, the ultimate segments
very numerous, linear, somewhat obtuse ; cauline leaves few, (1—2,) near the
base; umbels terminal, with 5-10 very unequal rays, 1-5’ long; involucre
none; involucels unilateral, of 1-8 linear-subulate bracts ; calyx-teeth obso-
lete; petals yellow or white, with a comparatively short and obtuse point ;
fruit oblong, 4-6” long, 1-23” broad, narrowing upward, several times
longer than the pedicels, with a narrow and rather thick lateral margin, the
dorsal ribs filiform ; vittee very obscure; seed thin and flattened—Sometimes
an interrupted or anastomosing line may be detected in the intervals and
similar marginal ones on the commissure. Resembling P. caruifolium, but
with different involucels and much narrower fruit. Wahsatch Mountains,
Utah ; 5-6,500 feet altitude; May, June. (467.)

PrEUcEDANUM MAcRocaRPUM, Nutt. Pubescent; stems short, (6—10’,)
several from a long caudex, which terminates below in a fusiform tuber ;
leaves mostly cauline but near the base, with dilated petioles, bipinnate, the
segments pinnately incised, ultimate divisions acute, ovate or shortly linear;
umbels 12-18-rayed ; involucre none; involucels unilateral, of about 10 linear-
lanceolate acuminate segments, equaling the flowers; petals white, (or
yellow ;) calyx-teeth small; fruit nearly glabrous, narrowly elliptical, 5-6”
long and 1." broad, the margin more than half the width of the seed; ribs
filiform ; vitte solitary, 2-4 on the commissure; seed thin and flattened —
Specimens from a single locality have yellow flowers and glabrous involucels,
but are otherwise apparently the same. ‘Honiboi” of the Pah-Utes.
Oregon and California to the Saskatchewan. Trinity and West Humboldt
Mountains, Nevada; 5,000 feet altitude; May, June. (468.)

Peucenanum (?) nupicautz, Nutt. (?) Caulescent or sometimes
scarcely so, minutely pruinose-pubescent, 3-15’ high; leafy only at base;
leaves bipinnate or ternate-bipinnate, the segments incisely lobed with
usually rather broad and subacute divisions; umbel somewhat capitate in
flower, with 8-12 rays; involucre none; involucels unilateral, of 6-10 mem-
branously margined, more or less united bracts ; petals white, with attenuated
apex and quasi-obcordate; calyx-teeth short; fruit pubescent, broadly oval,
3-4 long and 3 broad, the thickish wing more than half as wide as the
seed; vitte 3 in the intervals, 6 upon the commissure, conspicuous; seed
flattened —This is 212 Hall & Harbour, collected also by Parry in Colorado.
CATALOGUE. 131

Tt is apparently not the Var. eddipticum of Beckwith’s collection in the Sierras
of Northern California. As observed by Dr. Gray, the plant does not accord
with Nuttall’s description, nor in all respects with the characters of the
genus; the lateral wings, however, are contiguous until the full maturity of
the seed. Very frequent in Western Nevada from the Washoe to the West
Humboldt Mountains, and the earliest flowering plant of spring; 4,500-6,000
feet altitude; March—June. (469.)

Preucepanum (?) vinLosum, Nutt. MSS., (in Herb. Gray.) Caulescent
or often nearly acaulescent, from a deep often branching rootstock, pruinose-
pubescent; leaves with broadly dilated scarious petioles, 2-3-pinnate and.
sometimes ternate, the segments laciniately lobed, often minute and
crowded; stems 3-10’ high, with one or more subcapitate umbels; the
rays elongating in fruit; involucre none; involucels unilateral, of several
distinct linear-subulate membranous-margined leaflets; calyx-teeth small;
petals yellow, narrower than in the last; fruit similar—Collected by
Nuttall on the plains of the Platte; Nebraska, (Hayden;) New Mexico,
(Newberry ;) and near Virginia City, (Bloomer.) Resembling P. dasy-
carpum (which includes P. tomentosum) in habit, but differmg in the
involucels, more capitate umbels, less tomentose fruit and especially in its
more numerous vitte. It is P. feniculaceum, 7.,T. & G. Western Nevada,
from.the Washoe to the Battle Mountains; 5—-8,000 feet altitude; April—
June. (470.)

Heracteum Lanatum, Mx. From North Carolina to Kentucky and
northward to latitude 58°; Missouri, New Mexico, and on the western coast
from Sitka to Monterey. Found in the Goose Creek Mountains, Utah, and
frequent in the Wahsatch ; 6,000 feet altitude; July—October. (471.)

Corranprum sativum, L. Ditchbank, Unionville Valley, Nevada;
introduced. (472.)

CORNACEZ.

Cornus pusescens, Nutt. MSS. (C. sericea, 8. ? occidentalis, T. & G.)
Branches suberect, branchlets spreading, more or less reddish, puberulent
when young; leaves ovate or elliptical, acute or acuminate, slightly pubescent,
as well as the somewhat crowded cymes, obtuse or acute at the base; calyx-
teeth minute; petals oblong-lanceolate, rather obtuse; drupes subglobose,
white, becoming lead-color—On stream-banks in mountain cafions; 6—8°
132 BOTANY.

high, not stoloniferous; leaves 14-4’ long, rather lighter colored beneath ;
cymes 13-2’ in diameter ; petals white; stigma small, capitate. Somewhat
variable in pubescence and more so in the size of the leaves. Without the
calyx-teeth, enlarged stigma, and woolly pubescence of C. sericea, and nearer
to stolonifera. Berries oily. Washington Territory to California. Rather
frequent through Nevada and Utah; 5-7,000 feet altitude ; May—Septem-
ber. (473.)

Garrya' evuiptica, Lindl. 5-8° high, young branches pubescent;
leaves thick, broad-elliptic, 1-2’ long, #1’ wide, mucronate, strongly undulate
on the margin, glabrous above, tomentose beneath; aments nodding, exceed-
ing the leaves ; bracts broad-ovate, 3” long and wide, silky-pubescent; flowers
ternate; pedicels of the male flowers exceeding or equaling the bracts, the
middle one often longer, the calyx-lobes oblong, 13” long, pilose especially
at the coherent summits; ovary very hoary-hispid, the styles long-linear,
glabrous, divergent, longer than the bracts.—Oregon ; California; New
Mexico. Reported by Frémont in Southern Nevada.

CAPRIFOLIACEZ.

Linn#A BOREALIS, Gronov. From the Arctic Ocean to Pennsylvania,
Michigan, the Saskatchewan and Washington Territory; Rocky Mountains
of Colorado, (Hall & Harbour.) Found in the Uinta Mountains, Utah; 8,000
feet altitude; July. (474.)

SympHoricarrus montanus, HBK. Nov. Gen. & Spec., 3. 425, ¢. 296.
Leaves orbicular, ovate or ovate-lanceolate ; flowers axillary, solitary ; bracts
much shorter than the ovary ; teeth of the cup-shaped calyx obtuse, glabrous
or ciliate; corolla funnelform, nearly glabrous within; stamens and style
included; fruit globular or oblong, white—A straggling shrub, 2-3° high;
leaves very variable, soft-pubescent and ciliate, or wholly glabrous and often

 

1GARRYA, Dovct. Flowers dicecious, solitary or in threes between the decussately connate
bracts of the aments. Sterile flowers :—Calyx 4-parted ; segments linear, spreading, valvate, sometimes
coherent above. Petals none. Stamens 4, opposite to or alternate with the sepals; filaments free; an+
thers attached by the base, linear, dehiscence introrse or lateral. Disk and rudimentary ovary none.
Fertile flowers :—Calyx-tube ovoid ; lobes 2, opposite, very short or obsolete. Disk and rudimentary
stamens none. Ovary 1-celled; styles 2, filiform and erect, or short and recurved, stigmatose on the inner
side, persistent; ovules 2, on long funiculi, pendent collaterally rrom the top of the cell. Berry ovoid,
1-2-seeded. Seeds oblong, compressed ; testa membranous, transversely rugose; albumen fleshy, abund-
ant; embryo cylindric, minute; cotyledons oblong; radicle terete.—Shrubs; branchlets 4-angled ; leaves
opposite, entire or denticulate, feather-veined, evergreen, on petioles connate at base; aments slender,
axillary, solitary, silky, the staminate nodding ; flowers small, not jointed. Brntu. & Hoox.
CATALOGUE. 1ga

glaucous, acute or obtuse, entire or coarsely lobed; 4-13' in length; flowers
distant along the leafy branches, or sometimes in a short rather naked
terminal spike; corolla 2-4” long, light-pink. It is 905 Coulter, 285 Fendler,
6339 Bolander, &c., and includes S. gdaucescens, Hook., S. rotundifolius, Gray,
and probably S. macrophyllus, HBK. New Mexico, Colorado and California.
Abundant on the mountains from the Washoe to the Uintas; 6-9,000 feet
altitude; May—September. (475.)

, Lontcera INvotucrata, Banks. From Lake Superior to the Great Slave
Lake and in the Rocky Mountains from latitude 56° southward to Colorado ;
and on the Western Coast from Fraser’s River to California. East Humboldt
Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch and Uintas; 7-9,000 feet altitude ;
June-August. (476.)

Lonicrra Utauensis. Stem erect; leaves oblong, subcordate at base,
obtuse, glabrous, on short (1-2” long) petioles; peduncles axillary; bracts
2, shorter than the ovaries; teeth of the calyx very obtuse; corolla obtusely
saccate at base, bilabiate, the lobes half shorter than the tube; style included ;
berries red, nearly distinct, diverging —Shrub 3-5° high, with loose slender
spreading branches; leaves 2’ long by 1’ in width; corolla 5” in length, with
a broad (14” wide) and rather short tube; berries globular, 2-3” in diameter,
2 4-seeded, on short peduncles, (3’ long.) Flowers described from a single
dried one found among the specimens. Wahsatch Mountains, Utah, in Cot-
tonwood Cafion; 9,000 feet altitude; in fruit, August. (477.)

Lonicera consuatatis, Kell. Proc. Cal. Acad. 2. 67. Fig. 15. Stem
erect, branching; branches and buds quadrangular ; leaves oval-oblong, cord-
ate or subcordate, short-petioled, obtuse or subacute, softly pubescent, thin
and reticulate-veined; peduncles filiform, exceeding the leaves, divaricate ;
bracts minute or none; calyx-teeth minute, subulate, hirsute ; corolla dark-
purple, glabrous, gibbous at base, deeply bilabiate, lower lip linear and twice
longer than the very short tube, the upper one shortly 4-toothed; stamens
and the hirsute style equal, included; filaments hirsute below; ovaries con-
nate.—Leaves 3-2’ long. Collected by Dr. Veatch on the Washoe Mount-
ains, Nevada.

Sampucus RAcEMOSA, L., Var. PUBENS. (S. pubens, Mx.) Leaves vari-
able, ovate or oblong-lanceolate, 2-6’ long and 1-3’ wide, sometimes lacini-
ately serrate at the apex and with a long acumination, pubescent beneath or
glabrous. Northern States, and southward in the mountains to Carolina,
134 BOTANY.

from Canada to the Saskatchewan, and in the Rocky Mountains to Colorado ;
and on the Western Coast from Sitka to the Sacramento. In the Wahsatch
and Uintas; 6—9,000 feet altitude; May—August. (478.)

SamBucus eLauca, Nutt. Somewhat arborescent, glabrous; leaflets 3-9,
lanceolate, acuminate, sharply serrulate, the lower occasionally 3-parted ;
cyme large and spreading; fruit glaucous-blue—Growing 6-12° feet high,
with a trunk sometimes 6’ or more in diameter; leaflets 2-6’ long, frequently
with foliaceous stipellate appendages; fruit of more agreeable flavor than that
of S. Canadensis. From Washington Territory to Southern California and
in New Mexico. In the West and East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and
in the Wahsatch; 5—7,000 feet altitude; July-September. (479.)

RUBIACEZ.

Gatium spirotium. Annual, erect, simple or branched, glabrous, un-
armed; leaves 4-6” long, opposite, with occasionally an additional pair of
smaller stipules, oblong-lanceolate, usually acute, faintly 3-nerved ; peduncles

axillary and terminal, 1-flowered, about equaling the leaves; corolla very
minute, white, with rounded lobes; fruit hispid with hooked bristles—Low,
(2-8’,) with the branches alternate and opposite to a 1-flowered peduncle;
fruit #” in diameter. In the Trinity, Battle and East Humboldt Mountains,
Nevada, and in the Wahsatch; 5-7,000 feet altitude; May—July. Puate
XIV. Fig. 8. A plant; natural size. (480.)

Gatium Aparine, L. Northern States and Canada, perhaps introduced ;
on the Western Coast from Unalaska and Sitka to California; Sonora and
Arizona, to Western Texas. On the foot-hills through Nevada and about
Salt Lake Valley ; 5-6,000 feet altitude ; May-July. (481.)

GaLIuM asPERRIMuM, Gray. Plant. Fendi, p. 60. Annual, diffusely
branching, the angles retrosely aculeolate; leaves 6 in a whorl, lanceolate,
attenuate at base, or the lower obovate-lanceolate, setaceous at the apex,
glabrous and shining, the margins and midvein beneath very rough with re-
flexed prickles ; the leavés upon the branches small and much shorter than
the peduncles; cyme several-flowered, dichotomous, panicled ; petals white
or purplish, rather large; ovary covered with short hooked hairs—Stems
weak, 2° in height; lower cauline leaves 9-12” long; flowers 1” or more in
diameter; the mature fruit has not been collected. New Mexico and Cali-
CATALOGUE. 135

fornia, (6350 Bolander.) Ruby Valley, Nevada; 6,000 feet altitude; Au-
gust. (482.)

Gatium Broomert, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad. 6. 538. Perennial, suffru-
tescent at base, glabrous, unarmed, erect, diffusely branched ; leaves in fours,
sessile, broadly ovate, cuspidate-acuminate, somewhat 3-nerved, opaque, the
floral ones often only opposite; flowers ochroleucous, by abortion dicecious,
the staminate short-peduncled and cymose, the pistillate subsolitary ; fruit
densely hirsute—Stems paniculately branched, 3-12’ high; leaves 2-5” in
length, often nearly orbicular, somewhat rigid, shorter than the fruiting pedi-
cels; fruit 1” in diameter, occasionally nearly naked, with a few hairs at base.
Found by Dr. Bloomer near Virginia City; also collected by Stretch, and not
rare on the Washoe and West Humboldt Mountains; 5—8,000 feet altitude ;
May-September. (483.)

GALIUM MULTIFLORUM, Kell. Proc. Cal. Acad. 2.97. Fig.27. (G. hy-
potrichium, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad. 6. 538.) Perennial, suffrutescent at
base, minutely scabrous or sometimes aculeolate, erect, branched; leaves in
fours, sessile, roundish ovate to oblong-lanceolate, apiculate, somewhat
3-nerved, the floral ones opposite; flowers ochroleucous, dicecious or some-
what moneecious or perfect, solitary or somewhat cymulose; pedicels about
equaling the leaves, usually becoming deflexed in fruit; fruit densely hirsute.—
Stems 3-6’ high, rather rigid. Much resembling the last, from which it
differs in its general scabrous pubescence and deflexed pedicels, which are
rather shorter, and the leaves usually more narrow. Discovered in the Washoe
Mountains by Dr. Veatch and also found by Brewer at Sonora Pass in the
Sierras; frequent in the East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and in the
Wahsatch ; 5-9,000 feet altitude; June-August. (484.)

Gatium TriFipum, L. From Florida and Western Louisiana northward
to the Arctic Circle, and through nearly the whole region westward to the
Pacific, but rare between the Mississippi and the Sierras; New Mexico,
(Wright,) and in the Wahsatch Mountains; 6,000 feet altitude; June-
July. (485.)

Gatium trirLorum, Mx. From Florida to Louisiana and northward to
Canada, and through British America below latitude 55° to the Pacific;
Washington Territory to California; Western Texas, (Lindheimer.) In the
Clover Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch and Uintas; 6—7,000 feet
altitude ; July-September. (486.)
136 BOTANY.

Garum BorEaLs, L. Northern States to the Arctic Ocean and Oregon,
and in the Rocky Mountains from Wyoming to New Mexico; Southern Cali-
fornia, (Xantus.) East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch ;
56,000 feet altitude ; June-September. (487.)

VALERIANACE.

Vanerrana pioica, L., Var. syzvatica. (V. sylvatica, Rich.) New-
foundland, and from Vermont to Wisconsin and the Saskatchewan, and in the
Rocky Mountains to latitude 56°; Oregon, California, (Brewer,) Colorado
and New Mexico. Frequent in the East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and
in the Wahsatch and Uintas; 6,500-9,000 feet altitude; June—Septem-
ber. (488.)

VALERIANA EDULIS, Nutt. Ohio, Wisconsin and Upper Canada ; Wash-
ington Territory, Utah and New Mexico. Toyabe Mountains and Ruby
Valley, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch; 6,000 feet altitude; June, July. (489.)

Prectritis' concnsta, DC. Corolla bilabiate, the spur small and much
shorter than the tube; flowers capitate, or often verticillate—Stems 4’—2°
high, with leaves 1-2’ and corolla 3-4” long; ovary pubescent, becoming
glabrous. From Washington Territory to Southern California. Frequent in
Nevada from the Washoe Mountains to Reese River; Salt Lake Valley,
Utah; 5-5,500 feet altitude; April—July. (490.)

COMPOSIT.:.

BY PROF. DANIEL C. EATON.

EUPATORIUM occIDENTALE, Hook. Nearly smooth, or puberulent toward
the top; stems about 1° high, slender, herbaceous from a somewhat woody
base; leaves mostly alternate, on slender petioles, cordate-ovate or somewhat
deltoid, 1-14’ long, more or less toothed, the upper ones often narrower; co-
rymbs rather simple, panicled; heads 15-25-flowered; involucral scales
linear-lanceolate, subequal, puberulent; corolla pale reddish-white ; achenia
slender, glabrous or very sparingly glandular—Oregon, California and Ne-

1PLECTRITIS, Linn. Calyx-limb truncate, entire, almost none. Corolla-tube gibbons anteri-
orly, spurred at base; limb 5-cleft, more or less bilabiate. Stamens 3. Stigma capitate. Fruit with a
somewhat coriaceous triangular fertile cell; the two empty ones open to the base, forming involute
wings.—Annual glabrous herbs, with simple or sparingly branched stems; leaves eutire, oblong or obo-
vate-spatulate, sessile ; flowers rose-color, aggregated in dense verticillate clusters or capitate; bracts sub-
ulate, verticillate and involucellate, united at base.

.
 

 

IATA

7-10. B. OBLONGIFOLIA, van. ABBRE\

+6. BRICKELLIA = LINIFOLIA
CATALOGUE. 137

vada. Foot-hilis and high carions of the East and West Humboldt Mount-
ains; 6,500-8,500 feet altitude; the more elevated station (East Humboldt
Mountains) furnishing dwarfed plants 8’ high with smaller leaves; Septem-
ber. (491.)

BRICKELLIA’ OBLONGIFOLIA, Nutt. Viscidly puberulent; stems 6-12’
high, several from a suffrutescent base; leaves numerous, alternate, sessile,
elliptical-oblong, entire, 3-nerved, 8-12" long; heads large, solitary or few,
terminating short leafy branches ; involucral scales imbricated in 3 or 4 series,
outer ones ovate-oblong, inner ones lance-linear, acute; flowers about 30;
branches of the style somewhat exserted ; achenia minutely glandular or ob-
scurely setulose along the strize; pappus slightly plumose, exceeding the invo-
lucre, but shorter than the corolla—British Columbia (Lyall!) and Oregon.
An excellent figure is given on Plate IX of Torrey’s unpublished report on
the Western North American botany of Wilkes’s Expedition. Var. ABBRE-
viata, Gray MSS. A dwarfed form, 4-8’ high, with oblong leaves, 5-6”
long ; heads solitary or very few; achenia glandular only—West Humboldt
Mountains; 8,000 feet altitude; September. Prats XV. Fig. 7. A single
stem; natural size. Fig. 8. A leaf; enlarged two diameters. Fig. 9. A co-
rolla, expanded; enlarged four diameters. Fig. 10. An achenium; enlarged
eight diameters. (492.)

BRICKELLIA LINIFOLIA. Minutely glandular-puberulent; stems very nu-
merous, 12-16’ high from a stout woody base, corymbose at the summit;
leaves numerous, alternate, sessile, elliptical-lanceolate, entire, obscurely
3-nerved, 9-12” long; heads large, solitary on elongated somewhat leafy
branches; involucre 40-50-flowered, the scales in several series, outer ones
ovate, inner ones linear, acute; branches of the style club-shaped, exserted ;
achenia with a double row of minute bristles along the strie; pappus ob-
scurely plumose.—Sandy bottoms of American Fork, Jordan Valley, Utah ;
July. Near the last, but a larger plant, with narrower leaves, and a setulose,
not glandular achenium. Puate XV. Fig. 1. A single stem; natural size.
Fig. 2. A leaf; enlarged two diameters. Fig. 3. An achenium; and Fig. 4.

 

1BRICKELLIA, Ext. Gray,in Pl. Wright. 1.84. Heads 4-50-flowered. Involucre imbricated, the
scales striated, outer ones shorter. Receptacle flat, naked. Flowers all tubular, the corolla white or
yellowish, cylindrical, scarcely expanded toward the summit, the teeth very short. Base of the style
bulbous and often villous. Achenia with ten strie, sometimes obscurely 5-angled. Pappus of scabrous
barbellate or slightly plumose bristles.—Perennial herbs or suffruticose plants, with opposite or alternate
leaves, and frequently the habit of Hupatorium.

18
138 BOTANY.

A pappus-bristle ; enlarged eight diameters. Fig. 5. The style. Fig. 6. An
anther; both enlarged four diameters. (493.)

BRICKELLIA MicRopHYLLA, Gray. Viscidly pubescent and glandular;
stems 12-18’ high, much branched from a woody base ; leaves alternate, short-
petioled, ovate, coarsely toothed, 4-7” long, those of the branchlets much
smaller and sessile; heads small, 15-20-flowered, clustered at the ends of the
branchlets; involucral scales imbricated in many rows, outer ones ovate, her-
baceous, with squarrose tips, inner ones erect, lanceolate, acute; pappus
scabrous; achenia slightly setulose——Oregon, on the Walla-Walla, Nuttall.
East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and mouth of American Fork Canon,
Utah ; on rocks at about 6,000 feet elevation; July, August. (494.)

Bricxeruia Cairornica, Gray. Scurfy-puberulent; stems numerous
from a woody base, 14° high, branching; leaves 9-20” long, thickish, alter-
nate, petioled, deltoid-ovate or subcordate, acutish, dentate, obscurely 3-nerved
from the base, the under surface reticulated; heads medium-sized, nearly
sessile in short axillary racemes, 10-12-flowered, (about 20-flowered, T. 6; G. ;)
involucral scales imbricated, obtuse, the outer ones appressed, very short,
inner ones erect, elongated ; achenia minute, finely pubescent, obscurely stri-
ate; pappus scabrous.—B. tenera and, perhaps, some other New Mexican
forms will probably be reduced to this species. The appressed scales and
larger leaves easily distinguish it from the last. California to New Mexico.
Robert’s Station, Nevada; City of Rocks, Southern Idaho, and mouth of
American Fork Cafion, Utah; 5-6,000 feet elevation; July—October. All
but the Idaho specimens are immature. (495.)

BRICKELLIA GRANDIFLORA, Nutt. Stem 2—23° high, rather stout; leaves
opposite or alternate, long-petioled, cordate-triangular, about 2’ long, acumi-
nate, coarsely serrate, glabrous or slightly pubescent, often resinous-dotted
beneath; heads middle-sized to very large, short-peduncled, clustered at the
ends of the panicled or sometimes corymbose branches, about 30-flowered ;
involucral scales much imbricated, outer scales herbaceous, ovate with long
subulate spreading tips, inner ones elliptical, acute, with scarious margins ;
achenia sparingly setulose toward the summit—Colorado and New Mexico to
Oregon and California. East Humboldt Mountains and in the Wahsatch ;
6-8,000 feet elevation; August. (496.)

BRICKELLIA ATRACTYLOIDES, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad. 8.200. “Shrubby,
much branched, scarcely 1° high; branchlets leafy, puberulent, monoceph-
CATALOGUE. 139

alous; leaves very rigid, somewhat alternate, subsessile, ovate-lanceolate,
spinulose-acuminate and few-toothed, 3-nerved ; the nerves and veins curved
upward, anastomosing and rather prominent; both surfaces alike, scabrous
and sprinkled with minute globules; peduncles 1-2-bracteolate, twice or thrice
longer than the many-flowered (half-inch-long) heads; scales of the bell-
shaped involucre in few rows, the outer scales ovate- the inner linear-lanceo-
late, all suddenly acuminated; achenia slightly hirsute along the ridges; sete
of the pappus about 20, very faintly barbellate, at least near the base.—Utah,
near the Rio Colorado, 1870, (Dr. E. Palmer.) Leaves less than an inch
long, coriaceous and rigid, tapering into a spinulose point and beset with a
few rigid spinulose teeth. This species would naturally be associated with
B. spinulosa of Northern Mexico, but it has forty or more flowers in the head
and a minutely barbellulate or above merely scabrous pappus.”—Gray, 7. c.

ASTER ADSCENDENS, Lindl. ‘Stems low, ascending; the branches simply
racemose or somewhat corymbose; radical and lower leaves oblong-linear or
narrow spatulate, glabrous, entire, with ciliate-scabrous margins; the cauline
linear-lanceolate, partly clasping; scales of the hemispherical involucre nu-
merous, closely imbricated, unequal, nearly glabrous; the exterior linear-
oblong, obtuse, the innermost acute; achenia minutely hairy.” TT. & G.
Saskatchewan and along the Rocky Mountains to Colorado, (Vasey, 251.)
Var. Parryr. Stems 1—-2° high, often corymbosely much branched; lower
leaves large, broadly oblanceolate, 5-12’ long, 1-2’ wide, narrowed into winged
petioles, the upper ones gradually smaller and sessile, partly clasping; heads
large; involucral scales finely ciliate, the outer ones broadly lanceolate and
herbaceous.—Approaches A. integritolius, but the involucre is not glandular.
Colorado, (417 Parry; 253 Hall & Harbour, in part.) In valleys and along
creeks, from the East Humboldt Mountains to the Uintas; July—Octo-
ber. (497.)

Aster Nurratiu, T. & G. Stems 1-2° high, rather slender, smooth
or nearly so; leaves rather rigid, minutely scabrous on the edges and often
on the upper surface; the radical and lower ones narrowly lanceolate, 3-4’
long, 8-4” wide, tapering into a slender petiole; upper ones narrowly linear
and passing on the branchlets into subulate bracts ; heads small, terminal on
the panicled and spreading or somewhat corymbose very slender branchlets ;
involucres hemispherical-top-shaped, 3-4” broad at the top in the living plant,
the scales closely imbricated, linear-spatulate, obtuse, outer ones very small
140 BOTANY.

and slightly spreading, inner ones appressed, chartaceous with greenish tips—
Plains of the Snake River, (Nuttall.) Valleys of Nevada and Northwestern
Utah; 4,500-6,000 feet elevation ; June—October. Very near the next, but
it may generally be distinguished by its more slender habit and very narrow
leaves. (498.)

Aster Faucatus, Lindl. Stems minutely pubescent with appressed
hairs, 1-14° high, leafy to the top; leaves rigid, minutely appressed-pubes-
cent, or smoothish except on the edges; the lower ones spatulate-lanceolate,
often obtuse, 2-3 long, 4-6” wide, short-stalked; the upper ones oblong-
linear, sessile, often slightly clasping, those on the mostly erect branches
linear, but never subulate ; heads terminal on the branchlets ; involucre flat-
tened-hemispherical, 4-5” wide on the fresh plant; scales much imbricated,
the outer smaller, all with greenish appressed or slightly spreading acute tips
and whitish chartaceous margins; achenia pubescent.—This species must in-
clude A. campestris and A. ramulosus of Nuttall. Arctic America to Oregon,
California, Nevada (Anderson) and Wyoming. Virginia Mountains and in
the Wahsatch ; 6,000 feet elevation; July-October (499.) A form with
wider leaves, slightly larger heads, and a harsher pubescence was collected
on the Truckee River and in the West Humboldt Mountains, (500,) and a
still larger and much branched plant, with something the habit of A. oblongi-
folius, at Brigham City, Utah. (501.)

Aster Buoomert, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad., 6. 539. Low, somewhat
tufted and spreading; branches 4-8’ long, leafy; leaves small, 3-6” long,
oblong-linear or the lowest linear-spatulate, sessile, 1-nerved, hispidly scab-
rous and ciliolate; heads terminal, single; involucre hemispherical, 3-4”
wide ; the scales loosely imbricated in about 8 series, linear-lanceolate, herba-
ceous along the midvein and at the apex, minutely glandular; rays pale pur-
plish; achenia pubescent.—A small, irregularly growing species, with rigid
assurgent and branching stems and very scabrous foliage, referred by Dr.
Gray, though with some hesitation, to the Ericoidei. On Mt. Davidson, Ne-
vada, (H. G. Bloomer.)

Aster simpLex, Willd. Common in the Atlantic States; Canada, Wis-
consin, and California, (Brewer.) To this species is referred a plant 14°
high, densely branched above; leaves scabrous-ciliate on the margins, nearly
entire ; the larger ones linear-lanceolate, 2-8’ long, 3-4” wide ; upper ones
oblong-linear, slightly clasping ; heads very numerous, in dense terminal co-
CATALOGUE. 141

tymbs; involucre hemispherical; the outer scales rather loosely appressed,
herbaceous, smooth, linear-spatulate, acute ; inner ones lanceolate, with char-
taceous margins; rays white——It is apparently intermediate between A. mul-
tiflorus or A. falcatus and A. simplex, and its place cannot be fixed satisfacto-
rily before a general revision is made of North American Asters. Truckee
Meadows, Nevada, (W. W. Bailey.) (502.)

ASTER CARNEUS, Nees., Var. suBasper, T. & G. Indiana and Missouri:
to Texas.. Foot-hills of the East Humboldt Mountains; 6,000 feet elevation ;
August. Plant with purplish-red stems and narrowly lanceolate leaves, the
upper surface roughened with short appressed hairs. (503.)

Aster Dovexasn, Lindl. Stems erect, about 4° high, nearly or quite
smooth, paniculately branching above; leaves thin, smooth, serrated or en-
tire; the radical ones on long slender winged petioles, broadly lanceolate,
often ample, 6-9’ long, 1-2’ wide; lower stem-leaves lanceolate or linear-
lanceolate, sessile or short-stalked ; uppermost ones linear, all of them acute ;
heads large, peduncled, single or 3-5 together at the ends of the branches;
scales of the hemispherical involucre rather large, loosely imbricated in about
3 rows, smooth, broadly linear or the outer ones spatulate, the base charta-
ceous, the tips green, slightly spreading; rays large—Oregon and Califor-
nia. Valleys and cafions from the West Humboldt Mountains to the Wah-
satch; 6-8,000 feet elevation; July-September. (504.) Another form
with rather broad thickish leaves, mostly somewhat scabrous on the upper
surface, was collected on the Virginia and West Humboldt Mountains, at
6-—7,000 feet elevation. (505.)

Aster zsrivus, Aiton. Arctic America to Oregon and California, and
eastward to Ohio. Goose Creek Valley, Northeastern Nevada; 6,000 feet
elevation; September. A form differing from that occurring eastward in
having the leaves rigid and very scabrous on the upper surface, and the outer
involucral scales entirely herbaceous and very long and loose. (506.)

Aster Kineu. Dwarf; stems mostly single from a short erect caudex,
2-3’ high, finely pubescent; radical leaves numerous, a little shorter than the
stems, lanceolate-spatulate, acute, glabrous, narrowed into a slightly ciliate
petiole, obscurely 3-nerved; stem-leaves 2-3, linear or narrowly spatulate ;
heads solitary, rather large ; scales of the hemispherical involucre imbricated
in about 4 rows, linear-acuminate, about 4” long, glandular-puberulent, all
but the innermost with long spreading or reflexed herbaceous points; rays
142 BOTANY.

rather long, white ; achenia pubescent.—By its dwarf habit this is an Oritro-
phium, but the long and lax involucral scales, imbricated in several rows,
point to the Grandiflori for a perhaps more real affinity. Wahsatch Mount-
ains, above Cottonwood Cafion; 9,000 feet altitude; August. Puatre XVI.
Fig. 1. A plant; natural size. Fig. 2. A leaf. Fig. 8. An outer involucral
scale. Fig. 4. An inner involucral scale; enlarged two diameters. Fig. 5.
A ray-flower; enlarged four diameters. Fig. 6. Style of the disk-flower ;
enlarged eight diameters. (507.)

ASTER GLACIALIS, Nutt., (including A. Andinus, Nutt.) Dwarf; caudex
woody and often stout, much branched; stems 2-4’ high; leaves thickish,
glabrous, the radical ones 1-2’ long, 2-4” wide, spatulate, narrowed into a
long petiole, obtuse or even emarginate; cauline ones few, oblong or oblance-
olate; heads solitary; scales of the involucre nearly equal, linear-spatulate or
more or less acuminate, glandular-puberulent or nearly glabrous, commonly
blackish-purple ; rays numerous, white or purplish—High peaks, from the
mountains of Colorado to California. East Humboldt Mountains and North
Clover Peak, Nevada, at 10,000 feet altitude, and in the Uintas, near Bear
River Cajion, 9-12,000 feet; July-September. (508.) Another form, with
narrowly spatulate leaves about 1’ long and not over a line in width, the
involucral scales long-acuminate, green with reddish tips, was found in the
East Humboldt Mountains also, and on South Clover Peak. (509.)

ASTER ASPERUGINEUS. Stems 2-6’ high, simple, ascending from a spar-
ingly branched woody caudex, like the leaves subcinereous and roughened
with a minute scabrous pubescence ; radical leaves roundish-obovate or spat-
ulate, narrowed into a long petiole, stem-leaves linear, 1-nerved ; heads soli-
tary ; involucre hemispherical ; scales appressed, imbricated in about 2 rows,
the outer ones oblong, subacute, herbaceous, pubescent with whitish hairs,
the inner linear, somewhat acuminate, roughened-puberulent; rays purple ;
achenia pubescent.—Leaves 3-4’ wide, and with the petiole 1-2’ long.
Ridge near Lake Marian, East Humboldt Mountains; 9,000 feet elevation ;
August. (510.)

ASTER saLsucinosus, Rich. Stems erect, 6-18’ high, few-from a
woody caudex, leafy ; radical leaves broadly spatulate or linear-obovate, with
the margined petiole 2-9’ long, 4-12” wide, obtuse, glabrous, ciliolate ; cau-
line ones lanceolate, the uppermost sessile and partly clasping; heads very
large, single or 3-5 on long peduncles; scales of the involucre nearly equal,
PLATE XV

 

16. ASTER KINGII 714. ASTER PULCHELLUS
CATALOGUE. 143

minutely glandular-pubescent, numerous, narrowly linear, the long acuminate
tips recurved and often blackish ; rays long, bright purple; achenia some-
what hairy.—Subarctic America to California and Colorado. East Humboldt
Mountains, Wahsatch and Uintas; 8-11,000 feet altitude; July, Au-
gust. (511.)

Var. scaposus, T. & G. “Czspitose, dwarf; scape slightly exceeding
the obovate-oblong radical leaves, naked, or with a few bracts, bearing a
single head.”—Wahsatch Mountains, near Cottonwood Lake; 9,500 feet ele-
vation. Scape 6’ high; leaves 2’ long, 6” wide; rays white; not exactly Fré-
mont’s plant, but very near it. (512.)

ASTER PULCHELLUS. Dwarf; caudex woody, erect, mostly simple, the
surface corrugated transversely and the upper part covered with vestiges of
former leaves ; stems assurgent, 2-3’ high; leaves subcoriaceous, rigid; the
radical ones glabrous, linear-spatulate, 1-2’ long, about 1” wide, 1-nerved and
with a few indistinct veins; the cauline ones few and small, linear, somewhat
falcate, clasping ; the uppermost subulate, slightly pubescent, as is the upper
part of the stem; heads medium-sized; involucre broadly obconic; the
loosely appressed scales imbricated in several rows, at first sparingly lanu-
lose, oblong or linear-oblong, scarcely acute, outer ones and tips of the inner
ones purplish ; rays bright-purple; styles of the disk-flowers with lanceolate
branches, the stigmatic portion about 3 times shorter than the hispid append-
age; achenia smooth or sparingly pubescent; pappus of 25-30 barbellate
sete.—This plant will find its place in the section Xylorrhiza, and is nearly
related to A. Andersonit, from which it differs chiefly in its smaller size, nar-
rowly spatulate and rather obtuse radical leaves, in the lanceolate, not filiform
appendages of the style, and in the nearly or quite smooth achenia. Rocks
at the base of South Clover Peak; 9,000 feet altitude; September. Puate
XVI. Fig. 7. A plant. Figs. 8, 9. Outer and inner involucral scales; en-
larged two diameters. Fig. 10. A ray-flower; four times enlarged. Fig. 11.
Its style; enlarged eight diameters. Fig. 12. A disk-flower. Fig. 13. An
anther. Fig. 14. The branches of the style; on the same scale. (513.)

Aster Anpersonu, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad, 7. 352.  Sparingly
lanulose and soon glabrous; stems mostly 6-9‘ high, 1-3 from an erect or
assurgent woody caudex; radical leaves grass-like, narrowly linear, acute,
3--6’ long, 1-2” wide, mostly 3-nerved, the cauline gradually smaller, and the
uppermost reduced to bracts; heads solitary, rather large; scales of the
144 BOTANY.

hemispherical involucre linear-lanceolate, acute, nearly herbaceous, sub- equal,
loosely imbricated in 2-3 series; rays purplish; style of the disk-flowers
with filiform branches, the hispid portion 3-4 times longer than the stigmatic;
achenia oblong, villous, 4-6-costate; pappus of nearly equal barbellate setee—
Near Carson City, Nevada, (Dr. C. L. Anderson.) California, (Prof. Brewer
and Mr. Bolander.) Involucre 6-9” wide; the heads 15-18” in diameter.

Aster ELzcans, T. & G. Stems several from a short creeping rootstock,
1-24° high, very leafy; leaves sessile, the lower ones scale-like and soon
withering, the others lanceolate, 1-24’ long, 4-9’ wide, entire, minutely
puberulent like the stem, and roughened, obscurely 3-nerved or somewhat
feather-veined; inflorescence corymbose; heads peduncled; involucres
turbinate-campanulate, 4-6” wide, the scales ovate or oblong, acute, puberu-
lent, the scarious margins densely lacerate-fringed; rays few, (6-10,) dull
pinkish Oregon to Wyoming. Mountains of the East Humboldt range,
and at the head of Humboldt River, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch ; 7—9,000
feet altitude; August, September. (514.)

Var. Encetmanni. (A. Engelmanni, Gray, in Sill. Journal, n. s., 33. 9.)
Larger in every way, the leaves 23-3’ long, often an inch wide; involucres
7-10” wide, and the rays 12-18 in number. This passes by insensible
degrees into the typical form. Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, (Lyall,) to
Colorado. East Humboldt and Clover Mountains, Nevada,-Wahsatch and
Uintas; 7-10,000 feet altitude; July-September. (515.)

Aster euaucus, T.& G. Stems leafy, erect, 1-14° high, from a slender
creeping rootstock ; lowest leaves squamiform; the others oblong-linear, 2-3’
long, 4-6” wide, sessile, pointed, smooth and glaucous, one-nerved, veins
prominently reticulated ; heads corymbose ; involucre campanulate, the scales
loosely imbricated in 3 or 4 series, lacerate-fringed, outer ones oval, herbace-
ous, inner ones lanceolate, membranous, acute, purple-tinged; rays 14-17,
pinkish-white; achenia smooth or slightly pubescent.—One of the most
distinct and elegant of the genus. Heads when fully expanded 15” broad.
Wyoming and Colorado. Echo Cafion, in the Wahsatch, and Bear River
Caiion, Uintas ; 6-8,000 feet elevation; July, August. (516.)

Aster ancustus, T. & G. Annual or biennial, 6-20’ high, branching
from the base; branches panicled; leaves linear or linear-spatulate, smooth
and somewhat fleshy, entire, 2-3’ long, heads everywhere, crowded ; involu-
cres 4-6” wide, ovate-hemispherical ; the scales loosely imbricated in 2 or 8
CATALOGUE. 145

series, the outer ones broadly spatulate, herbaceous, inner ones longer and
with membranaceous margins, innermost occasionally very long and narrow,
almost wholly membranaceous ; ray-flowers with a very short ligule or only
a slender truncated tube much shorter than the style; disk-flowers numerous,
very slender; achenia densely pubescent; pappus very copious, considerably
exceeding the involucre—Slave Lake and Saskatchewan to California,
Colorado and New Mexico. Valleys from the West Humboldt Mountains to
the Wahsatch; May—September. (517.)

TOWNDSENDIA' SCAPIGERA. Canescent with fine appressed hairs; caudex
perennial, bearing a tuft of leaves with a roundish or obovate sometimes
emarginate lamina, narrowed into a petiole 1-2’ long, and giving rise to
several naked or 1—2-bracted monocephalous scapes 2-3’ high; involucre
6-8" wide, the scales imbricated in about two rows; the outer ones ovate-
oblong, mostly herbaceous, hairy; inner ones oblong-lanceolate, the scarious
margins slightly fringed, and pinkish towards the tips; ray-flowers twice as
long as the involucre, mostly fertile; pappus as long as the achenium, that of
the disk-flowers rather longer.—F lowers dull-pinkish. This will rank with
T. sericea and T. incana, on account of the perennial root and well-developed
pappus of the ray, though in the following variety it approaches the habit of
Nanastrum. Dry rocky ridges in the Trinity and Pah-Ute Mountains,
Nevada; 5—6,000 feet elevation. May, June. Prats XVII. Fig. 1. Plant;
natural size. Fig. 2. Ray-flower. Fig.4. Disk-flower. Fig.6. Anther; each
enlarged three diameters. Fig. 3. Pappus-bristle of ray-flower. Fig. 5.
Same of disk-flower; enlarged eight diameters. Fig. 7. Style of disk;
enlarged ten diameters. (518.)

Var. cAULESCENS. Stems 4’ long, sending out leafy branches near the
base; leaves narrowly linear-spatulate, 23’ long; heads rather smaller; in
other respects like the type——Monitor Valley, Nevada, 5,500 feet elevation ;
July. (519.)

TownsenpDia stricosa, Nutt. Annual, canescent with a fine appressed

 

1 TOWNSENDIA, Hook. Heads large; the rose-colored or whitish rays in one series, rather long,
pistillate, sometimes infertile; disk-flowers perfect, with tubular-obconic 5-toothed corollas. Branches
of the style lanceolate, acutish, hairy towards the ends. Involucres hemispherical or sub-globose, of
numerous rather large, imbricated and appressed, scarious-margined lacerate-fringed and often tinted
scales. Achenia flattened, pubescent or hairy, 2-3 nerved. Pappus of numerous stout barbellate bris-
tles, that of the ray commonly shorter, or reduced in part or wholly to short subulate bristles or little
scales.—Dwarf, stemless or branching, annual or perennial herbs, with crowded, linear or spatulate, entire
radical leaves.—Natives of the mountainous regions east of the Sierras, from the Saskatchewan to New
Mexico. 49
146 BOTANY.

pubescence; stems many, branching, 3-6’ long; leaves linear-spatulate, 9-15"
long; heads showy, very many, sometimes leafy-bracted, but mostly on
naked peduncles 1’ long; involucre hemispherical, 5-6" wide, the scales in
about 3 series, the broad white scarious margins deeply fringed; rays pink;
pappus of the ray composed of minute lacerate scales 2?” long, that of the
disk of stout bristles 13” long, with a few shorter ones intermixed; achenia
minutely pubescent—Wyoming to Arizona and New Mexico, Shore of
Stansbury Island, Great Salt Lake, 4,250 feet elevation ; June. (520.)

Macu@ranrnera! canescens, Gray. Pl. Wright. 1. 89. Commonly
canescent with a minute soft pubescence; stems several from a usually
biennial root, 6-18’ high, much branched; leaves spatulate or somewhat
lanceolate, all but the lowest sessile, usually pinnately dentate with sharp
recurved teeth, varying to entire, obtuse or acute, often mucronulate ; heads
many, panicled or somewhat corymbose; involucres 4-5" wide, the scales
ovate, oblong or even linear, with rather acute, herbaceous, puberulent or
viscidly glandular tips, the outer ones shorter and squarrose or recurved ;
achenia pubescent.—Oregon to Arizona and Texas, Wyoming and Colorado.
A most variable plant, several forms occurring in this collection.

1. Glabrous, much branched; leaves spatulate, more or less toothed ;
involucral scales lanceolate, minutely resinous, the tips green, squarrose.—
Valleys of Central Nevada; 6,000 feet elevation; July, August. (521.) -

2. Minutely pubescent, many stemmed; leaves spatulate, entire or few-
toothed at the apex; scales ovate-oblong, the tips green, squarrose——Bear
River Cafion, Uintas; 8,000 feet elevation; August. (522.)

8. Minutely canescent, mostly branched ; leaves oblanceolate or spatulate,
often broadly so, more or less spinulose-toothed; involucre of lanceolate
appressed scales, the tips slightly spreading—The commonest form and near
to var. latifolia, but the involucral scales are not subulate. Mountains and
foot-hills, from Western Nevada to the Wahsatch; June-September. (523.)

 

1MACHARANTHERA, Ners. Heads many-flowered; the rays conspicuous, pistillate, fertile, in
one species neutral ; disk-flowers perfect, the corolla tubular, 5-toothed. Involucre ovoid-hemispherical,
the scales imbricated in several series, oblong or linear, with spreading or recurved herbaceous points.
Receptacle flat, honeycombed, the cells with toothed edges. Appendages of the style narrowly lanceo-
late, minutely hirsute. Anthers said to have “cultriform appendages.” Pappus of numerous very
unequal scabrous and rather rigid bristles, that of the ray-flowers somewhat shorter. Achenia obovate-
fusiform, slightly compressed, indistinctly striate, pubescent or silky.—Herbs, annual, biennial or peren-
nial, with branching stems and pinnatifid, toothed or cven entire leaves. Genus very near to Aster, but
may be easiest distinguished from it by the uncqual pappus of disk and ray. Consists of four species,
found in the region extending from Oregon to Colorado and southward to Mexico.
CATALOGUE. 147

4. Minutely canescent, much branched; leaves rigid, channeled, pin-
nately lobed with hooked spiny-pointed teeth; involucre obconical; the
scales viscid-pubescent, tips squarrose.—(Dieteria viscosa, Nutt.) Virginia
Mountains, Humboldt Valley, and Holmes Creek Valley, Nevada; 6,000 feet
elevation ; September. (524.)

5. Minutely canescent; leaves oblanceolate, entire, mucronate; head
rather large; scales lanceolate, scarcely spreading.—-Ridge near Parley’s
Park, Utah; 7,000 feet altitude ; July. A single immature specimen. It is
very nearly the form called Dieteria incana by Torrey and Gray. (525.)

Dietopaprus ericores, T. & G. Stems 2-6’ high, tufted and
branching from the suffrutescent base, canescent with exceedingly minute
appressed hairs; leaves narrowly spatulate or linear, 2-6” long, crowded,
appressed or spreading, rigid, slightly strigillose, glandular-puberulent and
conspicuously ciliate with hispid bristles, often bristle-tipped ; heads terminal,
solitary, rather small; involucral scales loosely imbricated in about 3 series,
linear-lanceolate, acute, the narrow scarious margins slightly lacerate-fringed
towards the tip; rays rather short, white; outer pappus inconspicuous ;
achenia pubescent.—Colorado to New Mexico and Northern Mexico. Rocky
bluffs near Great Salt Lake, growing in thick patches; 4,500 feet altitude ;
May, June. (526.)

Dievoparpus Aupinus, Nutt. Stems 4-6’ high, several from a woody
perennial base, naked toward the summit, webby-pubescent, becoming
smoothish; leaves crowded, rigid, oblong-linear, 1-nerved, 3-6” long, mucro-
nulate, minutely serrulate, canescent with fine pubescence and minute glands;
heads rather large; involucral scales in 2-3 series, somewhat appressed,
lanceolate, acute, glandular-puberulent, the scarious margins fringed; rays
long; achenia silky-villous; outer pappus very evident—Montana (Wyeth ;)
Southern Idaho, (Burke.) Rocky ridges between the Pah-Ute and East
Humboldt Mountains ; 5,500 to 6,000 feet elevation; June, July. (527.)

Ericgrron CanapapDense, L. Canada to Oregon, and south to Texas.
Naturalized nearly throughout the world. Truckee Meadows, Soda Lake
and Ruby Valley, Nevada; 4-6,000 feet elevation. (528.)

Ericeron compositum, Pursh. Stems 2-6’ high, several from a slender
perennial rootstock, scape-like or with a few leaves near the base and one or
two linear bracts higher up; leaves long-petioled, hirsute, 2-3 times ternately
divided, lobes oblong-linear, obtuse; heads single; involucral scales hirsute,
148 BOTANY.

linear, in two rows, outer ones herbaceous, inner ones with somewhat scarious
narrow margins and long slender tips; rays many, twice as long as the
involucre; achenia hirsute; pappus of 12-15 bristles as long the disk-corollas,
besides an evident outer series of minute sete.—Greenland and Arctic
America to California and Colorado. Uintas, near Bear River; 9-12,000 feet
elevation; August. (529.)

Var. piscoweEum, Gray. Sul. Journ., n. s., 33. 8. Rays none, or some-
times present, but shorter than the flowers of the disk—Colorado, (Parry, )
and California, (Bolander.) Higher peaks of Nevada and Utah; 8,500-
10,000 feet altitude; June-September. (530.)

Ericeron Broomert, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad., 6. 540. Perennial ;
caudex much branched from a deep fusiform root; stems 3-8’ high, leafy
below, naked for several inches below the solitary heads; leaves narrowly
linear, almost filiform, 1-3’ long, less than a line wide, somewhat cinereous,
like the stems, with a fine appressed pubescence; involucre woolly-pubescent,
the scales in a single series, about as long as the disk; rays none; achenia
flat, rather narrow, finely hirsute towards the summit; pappus simple, the
bristles shorter than the corolla——Near Carson City, (Anderson,) and near
Virginia City, (Bloomer.) Western Nevada to the East Humboldt Moun-
tains; 58,000 feet elevation; May-July. (531.)

ERIGERON GRANDIFLORUM, Hook. Perennial, hirsute and somewhat
woolly ; stems 1-5 in number, 4-8’ high, rather leafy; radical leaves obovate-
spatulate, 14-2’ long, 4-5” wide, those of the stem smaller and lanceolate ;
heads large for the plant; involucre very woolly; the scales herbaceous,
elongated, with naked purplish tips; rays long and broad, white or purple ;
achenia sparingly hirsute; pappus of barbellate sete: rather shorter than the
disk-corollas, and with a few very short ones intermixed.—Rocky Mountains
of British America. On a ridge above Bear River, Uinta Mountains;
11,000 feet elevation; specimens exactly like the figure in Hooker’s FV. Bor.
Amer., t. 123. (532.)

A smaller form, the leaves narrower, and the heads only half as large,
but in all other respects like the type, was also collected on the Uintas near
Bear River, elevation 11-12,000 feet. The same form, probably, was found
farther north in Palliser’s Expedition ; See Padlis. Rep. p., 263. (533.)

ERIGERON URSINUM. Perennial, ceespitose; stems hirsutulous, 4—7'
CATALOGUE. 149

high, simple or sparingly branched, leafy below; leaves all narrowly lanceo-
late, 12-18” long, 14-2” wide, L-nerved or indistinctly 3-nerved, ciliate and
sparsely pubescent with whitish hairs, the radical narrowed into a very short
hairy petiole ; heads not large; involucral scales in two series, narrowly lan-
ceolate, the outer greenish, hirsute, minutely glandular, the inner chartaceous
with a dark midvein ; rays purple, about 50, twice longer than the involucre,
about 2” wide ; achenia hirsute ; pappus with minute bristles intermixed with
the longer ones.—This species will come into Ewerigeron, and should be
placed near E. grandiflorum, from which, and from uniflorum, the lack of
wool on the involucre, besides the other characters, distinguishes it. The
caudex branches below the surface of the ground, and is often surculose, as
in many Asters. Uinta Mountains, on the ridge above Bear River Cajon ;
10,000 feet elevation; August. (534.)

Ericrron acre, L. Annual and perennial; stems 1-several, 6-10’ high,
leafy, racemosely or somewhat corymbosely branched above, finely hirsute
with spreading whitish hairs, and glandular towards the summit; radical
leaves obovate, narrowed into -a slender winged stalk, ciliate and sparingly
pubescent; cauline ones from spatulate becoming linear; heads small ; involucre
in about 2 series, the scales linear-acuminate, outer ones glandular and some-
what hirsute, inner ones very narrow, smooth with the tip glandular; rays
pinkish, equaling or slightly exceeding the disk, only ros of an inch in
width; inner pistillate rayless flowers very numerous, the slender tube half
as long as the style; achenia flat, more or less hirsute; pappus of a few very
fragile bristles longer than the disk-flowers.—British America to Lake
Superior, Colorado and California; also in Europe and Asia. Uintas, Bear
River Cafion; 8-10,000 feet altitude; July, August. (535.)

ERIGERON LONCHOPHYLLUM, Hook. (£. racemosum, Nutt.) Perennial ;
stems leafy, softly hirsute with spreading hairs, 4-12’ high, numerous from a
very leafy czespitose base; leaves 2-4’ long, 1-3” wide, hirsutely ciliate and
somewhat pubescent, the radical oblanceolate and narrowed into a long
slender petiole, the cauline linear and grassy ; heads racemose on long pedun-
cles, small; involucral scales linear, acute, hirsute with white hairs; rays very
narrow, (as in E. acre,) exceeding the disk about 1”; tubular pistillate flowers
none; achenia sparingly pubescent; outer pappus of minute sete, evident,
inner bristles a little shorter than the disk-flowers—Saskatchewan to Cali-
fornia and Colorado, (Vasey 245, in part.) Diamond Valley, Nevada, and
150 BOTANY.

Silver Creek Cafion in the Wahsatch; 6,000 feet elevation; July. In appear-
ance much like E. acre, but it has a denser and softer pubescence and more
numerous stems, and, as noticed by Nuttall, it lacks the tubular pistillate
flowers of that species. (536.)

Ericrron Betuwiastrum, Nutt. Annual; stem corymbosely much
branched and leafy throughout, like the leaves densely hirsute-pubescent ;
radical leaves with slender petioles, entire and oblanceolate, or sometimes
pinnately 3—5-lobed; cauline ones sessile, oblong-linear or linear-spatulate ;
heads few or many, rather small; involucre hirsute-canescent; rays very
many, (60-70,) white or pale red, narrowly linear, twice or nearly thrice as
long as the involucre; achenia slightly pubescent; pappus plainly double, the
outer of minute squamellate sete.—Nebraska to the Rio Grande; Mt. David-
son, Nevada, (Bloomer.) Stream banks and meadows from the Truckee to
the Wahsatch ; 4,500-5,000 feet elevation; May—August. The outer pappus
has been strangely overlooked; it shows plainly in 246 Hall & Harbour. (537.)

ErIGERON MACRANTHUM, Nutt. Stems 9-30’ high, several from a peren-
nial somewhat creeping rhizoma, mostly smooth or slightly hairy, leafy to the
summit; leaves ciliated and sometimes more or less pubescent ; radical ones
oblong-spatulate, petioled, 2-4’ long, 6-8” wide ; the cauline shorter, oblong
or broadly ovate-lanceolate, partly clasping; heads several, (8-13,) corymb-
osely arranged on long peduncles, very large, with the very narrow and ex-
ceedingly numerous purplish rays often nearly 2’ broad; involucre of many
very narrow linear-acuminate herbaceous glabrous or glandular scales ; achenia
2-3-nerved, slightly hairy; outer pappus of short slender setee.—Saskatchewan
to Utah and New Mexico. Wahsatch and Uinta Mountains; 6-8,000 feet
altitude; July. (538.)

ERIGERON GLABELLUM, Nutt. Stems 9-18’ high, single or few from a
short erect caudex, simple or sparingly corymbose at the summit, pubescent
or nearly hispid ; leaves sometimes glabrous but commonly pubescent, entire
or sparingly toothed; radical ones spatulate, tapering into a long petiole, 2—4’
long, 4-6” broad; the cauline scattered, oblong-lanceolate, the uppermost
linear, sessile and partly clasping; heads few, large, 10-15” broad, the rays
very narrow and numerous ; involucre pubescent or somewhat hirsute; ache-
nia and pappus as in the last—An unsatisfactory species, very near the last,
and passing into it by such forms as Var. molle, Gray, Proc. Phil. Acad,
March 1863, p. 64. Alaska and Mackenzie River to Oregon, and eastward
CATALOGUE. 151

to Nebraska. Salt Lake Valley, and Parley’s Park, Wahsatch Mountains ;
4,300-6,000 feet elevation; June, July. (539.) To this species is also re-
ferred a plant with shorter and broader rays, rather broader leaves, and a
coarser pubescence, apparently as near to LE. bellidifolium as to E. glabellum.
Meadow near head of Cottonwood Cafion, Wahsatch ; 8,500 feet elevation ;
July. (540.)

Erigeron pumitum, Nutt. Very hirsute with spreading hairs; stems
6-10’ high, often many from an erect branching perennial caudex, simple and
monocephalous or with 2-3 peduncled heads, leafy ; lower leaves linear-spat-
ulate, 2-24’ long, 1” wide, upper ones narrowly linear, passing into subulate
bracts; heads about 1’ broad ; involucres of many subequal narrow linear hir-
sute scales; rays white; go’ wide, twice or nearly 3 times as long as the invo-
lucre; achenia slightly hairy ; outer pappus of minute subulate bristles.—
Plains of Dakota and Nebraska to New Mexico. Valley of Great Salt Lake ;
May, June. (541.)

Ericeron concinnum, T. & G. Canescent with harsh spreading hairs ;
stems 6-10’ high, often several from an erect perennial caudex, leafy, branch-
ing; lower leaves linear-spatulate, 3’ long, 1-12” wide, upper ones linear;
heads 10-12” broad; involucre of many very narrow hirsute or pubescent
scales; rays blue, 3’ wide, as long as in the last or longer; achenia hirsute ;
outer pappus of narrow squamelle.—Oregon to Utah; Salt Lake Valley,
(Stansbury.) Havallah Mountains and Ruby Valley, Nevada; 5,500—6,000
feet elevation; June, July. (542.)

Var. conDENSATUM. Stems low, 2-3’ high, mainly monocephalous, very
numerous and crowded from a stout woody branching caudex; leaves 1—1}’
long, $-1” wide, somewhat rigid and exceedingly hirsute; outer pappus of
rather wide rigid and slightly toothed squamelle.—Ridge at Roberts’ Station,
6,000 feet, and East Humboldt Mountains, 8-9,000 feet altitude; July. (543.)

Var. apHanactis, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad., 6. 540. Like the type, but
the rays much reduced and shorter than the style—Carson City, (Anderson.)
Virginia City, (Bloomer.) Foot-hills near Unionville, and mountain-side
above Sulphur Spring Station, Nevada; 5-6,000 feet elevation; June,
July. (544)

Ericeron Brewert, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad, 6. 541. ‘Minutely cine-
reous-pubescent; stems 9-12’ high, leafy to the top, rising from a slender
creeping rootstock ; leaves oblanceolate or linear-spatulate, (1' long, 1” wide,)
152 BOTANY.

1-nerved, entire; peduncles short; involucre nearly glabrous, half as long as
the matured disk-flowers; the scales in 2-3 series, unequal; rays in 1 series,
elongated, apparently purple; achenia sparingly pubescent; pappus double,
the outer of short bristles..—Heads when expanded about 9” broad. Cali-
fornia, (240 Bridges ;) Yosemite Valley, (Brewer.) A dwarfed and irregu-
larly branched form was collected near Carson City by Dr. Anderson. Star
Peak; 10,000 feet elevation; September. (545.)

ERIGERON OCHROLEUCUM, Nutt. Pubescent with appressed hairs; stems
several or many, assurgent, spreading from the top of a perennial fusiform
simple caudex; radical leaves many, narrowly linear or filiform, 2-3 long,
4-1” wide, 1-nerved, narrowed into a petiole; cauline ones smaller, sessile ;
heads terminal, solitary, or 3-5 on a stem, about 8” broad ; involucre pubes-
cent, the linear-lanceolate scales in 1-2 series, subequal, as long as the disk ;
rays whitish, (yellowish-white, Nuttall;) achenia pubescent; outer sete of
the pappus minutely subulate—Oregon. Uintas, on the divide west of Du-
chesne River, and on a ridge above Bear River Cafion; 10,000 feet altitude ;
July, August. (546.)

ERIGERON STENOPHYLLUM. Smooth; caudex perennial, woody, branched,
erect or assurgent; stems many, strict, 6-9 high, sparingly branched toward
the summit; radical leaves crowded, linear-spatulate or filiform, 1-nerved,
with the petiole 1-2’ long, 2-3” wide, the cauline gradually smaller, filiform,
the uppermost minute and bractlike; heads one or few, 5-6” wide; involu-
cre and peduncles glandular-puberulent, the scales loosely imbricated in
several series; the outermost minute, inner ones oblong-linear, acute; rays
blueish, 20-30, twice as long as the disk; style of the disk-florets with
rather acute hispid appendages nearly as long as the stigmatic portion; ache-
nia 2-nerved, sparsely hispid ; pappus of 15-16 unequal barbellate sete, nearly
as long as the disk-corollas, and a few minute subulate ones intermixed.—
Rocky gulch above Cottonwood Cation, Wahsatch Mountains; 8—9,000 feet
altitude; August. Pratrr XVII. Fig. 8. Plant; natural size. Fig. 9. Invo-
lucral scales. Fig. 10. Ray-flower; enlarged four times. Fig. 11. Stigmas
of the same; enlarged sixteen times. Fig. 12. Disk-flower; four times en-
larged. Fig. 13. Achenium. Fig. 14. Corolla; expanded. Fig. 15. Anther;
each enlarged eight diameters. Fig. 16. Style; enlarged sixteen diameters,
but incorrectly drawn, and showing the stigmatic portion much too long, and
the appendages too obtuse. The place for this plant is in Pseuderigeron with
PLATE XVI.

 

 

 

 

 

 

‘-I6. ERIGERON STENOPHYLLUM

g
C

1-7, TOWNSENDIA SCAPIGERA.
CATALOGUE. 153

LE. filifolium and E. ochroleucum, which it resembles in habit, although the
much imbricated involucre and the almost lanceolate appendages of the
style show a very close approach to Aster. (547.)

Ericeron caspirosum, Nutt. “Dwarf, canescent with a close and
short pubescence ; stems numerous from a thickened caudex, ce8pitose,
decumbent, mostly simple and terminated by single heads; leaves linear-
oblong, rather obtuse, entire, the cauline sessile, the radical clustered,
oblanceolate or spatulate-oblong ; rays white or rose-color, very numerous
and somewhat in a double series, twice the length of the hirsute-tomentose
involucre ; achenia hairy; exterior pappus squamellate-subulate, very dis-
tinct.” 7. § G.—Saskatchewan to Southern Wyoming. Var. GRANDIFLORUM,
T. & G. Taller, 8-10’ high; leaves linear-spatulate, the radical ones often
3-5’ long, 2-4” wide; heads, when expanded, an inch broad.—British
America, in the plains of the Rocky Mountains and the Saskatchewan ;
Colorado, (244 Hall & Harbour ;) Mount Davidson and Cedar Hill, Nevada,
(Bloomer.) West Humboldt and Pah-Ute Mountains, on the foot-hills ;
5-6,000 feet elevation; June. (548.) Another form, like Hall and Har-
bour’s plant, but with silvery-canescent foliage, was collected in Ruby Valley
and near Robert’s Station, Nevada; 6,000 feet elevation; July. (549.)

Another plant, possibly a dwarf form of this species, but at best of
most uncertain diagnosis, was collected on Star Peak, at 9,000 feet altitude;
September. It is the same as Brewer’s 2043, referred by Dr. Gray, but
very doubtfully, to L. nanum, Nutt. (550.)

Gurierrezia* Kutaamia, T.&G. Stems 6-15’ high, numerous from a
woody and much-branched base, striated; leaves crowded, narrowly
linear, 1-2’ long, 2-1” wide, 1-nerved, minutely scabrous, punctate, resinous,
and sometimes varnished; heads in little clusters forming compound corymbs;
involucres scarcely 2” long and 1” broad, narrowly obovate; flowers of the

 

1GUTIERREZIA, Lacasca. Heads small or middle-sized, 6-90-flowered, the rays pistillate, fertile,
the disk-flowers tubular, perfect and fertile. Involucre varying from narrowly obconic to broadly hemi-
spherical, the scales closely imbricated in several series, rigid, and with greenish herbaceous tips.
Receptacle naked. Corollas yellow, of the ray oval, oblong or linear, of the disk funnel-shaped, 5-toothed,
the teeth erect or recurved. Branches of the style in the ray-flower, linear, smooth, the stigmatic lines
extending to the top; in the disk, with the hairy appendages shorter or several times longer than the
stigmatic portion. Achenia oblong or obconic, terete or somewhat compressed. Pappus of the disk com-
posed of several oblong or linear chaffy scales, or reduced to a lacerate coroniform border, of the ray
similar to that of the disk, but commonly smaller or sometimes obsolete.—Mostly perennial and suffruticose
plants of North and South America, with glabrous and often resinous-dotted or varnished linear and
entire or broader and denticulate leaves.

20
154 BOTANY.

ray 2-5, of the disk 3-6; pappus of 9-10 obtuse unequal erose-denticulate
chaffy scales, a little shorter than the achenium.—Plant growing in dense
tufts, when in flower forming a conspicuous yellow round-topped bushy
clump. From the Saskatchewan, east of the mountains, to New Mexico and
Chihuahua, and westward to California. Western Nevada, (Bloomer.)
From the Virginia Mountains to the Wahsatch; 5-7,000 feet elevation ;
July—October. (551.)

Sorrpago Virga-aurea, L., Var. muntirapiata, T.& G. Stems villose-
pubescent, especially towards the summit, mostly simple; leaves ciliate,
oblong-lanceolate, the radical obovate and narrowed into a petiole; heads
large, ina dense compound raceme or loosely corymbose; involucral scales
ciliolate, acute ; rays 8-18.—Labrador; Behring Strait and Mackenzie River
to California and Colorado; Virginia City, (Bloomer.) Three forms were
collected :—(a.) Plant 12-18’ high; heads loosely subcorymbose. (552.)
(®.) Plant 8-15’ high; heads thyrsoid. (553.) (c.) Plant 2-3’ high; a
dwarf high-alpine form of the last, identical with Brewer's Californian 1792,
but not the eastern var. alpina. (554.) Uinta Mountains, about Bear River
Cafion ; 8,000 feet altitude ; the last form on a peak 12,500 feet high; August.

Sotipaco srricta,-Aiton. Hudson’s Bay to Maine, Pennsylvania and
Wisconsin. East Humboldt Mountains; 6,500 feet elevation; a single
specimen, not yet in flower, the involucral scales rather broad, but the strict
habit, glabrous purple stem, and narrow lanceolate leaves are sufficiently
characteristic. August. (555.)

Sotipaco Gurraponis, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad., 6. 543. Smooth;
stems slender, erect, 23-3° high, from a woody rhizoma; lowest leaves
lanceolate, 6’ long, 3-5’ broad, tapering into a margined petiole, the cauline
ones narrowly linear, 2—3’ long, 1-3” broad; panicle erect, not one-sided,
very narrow and composed of few and rather small heads; involucral scales
linear, acuminate, the midvein broad and prominent; rays 8-9, scarcely
longer than the 10-12 flowers of the disk; achenia puberulent.—Base of San
Carlos Mountain, California, along a creek; collected by Guirado, a native
Californian in Prof. Brewer's party. Var. specTapiLis. Stems stout, 3-4°
high; lower and radical leaves broadly oblanceolate, 8-12’ long, }-1}’ wide,
the petiole dilated at the base; the upper ones sessile, lanceolate ; panicle
oblong, densely many-flowered; heads rather large, involucral-scales oblong-
CATALOGUE. 155

linear, mostly obtuse; flowers of the ray 12-15, of the disk about 20.
Stream-banks, mountains of Western Nevada to the East Humboldt Moun-
tains ; 5,500-7,000 feet elevation; August, September. A very showy plant,
nearly intermediate between the true S. Guiradonis and S. speciosa; it has
however the elongated leaves and the very short rays of the former, and the
stem is moreover perfectly smooth, even to the smallest branchlets of the
panicle. (556.)

Sonipaco pumiLa, T.&G. Ceespitose, glabrous and somewhat resinous;
stems 4-9’ high, very many from a stout underground woody caudex; leaves
crowded, narrowly lanceolate, strongly 3-nerved, very acute and somewhat
mucronate ; the radical 2-3’ long, 2—-3’’ wide, narrowed into a short petiole;
heads sessile in little clusters which are arranged in a dense fastigiate
corymb; involucres cylindrical-oblong, the closely imbricated scales carinate,
ovate or oblong, obtuse, with scarious margins and appressed scarcely her-
baceous tips, rather obtuse; rays 1-3; disk-flowers 3-4; achenia glabrous.—
Colorado, (Vasey,) and New Mexico; ‘western declivity of the Rocky
Mountains,” (Nuttall.) Western Nevada, Kast Humboldt Mountains, and
the Wahsatch ; 5—6,500 feet elevation; May—August. (557.)

Sotmpaco NemoRALIS, Ait. Saskatchewan and Canada; throughout the
United States westward to Texas and New Mexico. Southeastern Idaho
and in the Wahsatch; 6,000 feet elevation; July—October; forms with
mostly entire, sparingly roughened, elliptical leaves, indicating a transition
towards S. Radula. (558.) A form of this plant, with stems 8-12’ high,
leaves more canescent, and the heads disposed somewhat corymbosely, makes
a close approach to S. nana. Colorado, (248 Hall & Harbour.) Ruby
Valley, Nevada, and Bear River Valley, Utah; 6,000 feet elevation;
July. (559.)

Sonmpaco zLongaTa, Nutt. Stem puberulent, becoming smoothish,
1-4° high, erect from a creeping rhizoma; leaves crowded, uniform, lanceo-
late, narrowed at both ends, acute, 3-nerved, veinlets reticulated, sparingly
serrate, minutely scabrous on the margins and along the veins beneath ;
panicle one-sided, rather dense, elongated or pyramidal, with recurved
branches; heads mostly rather small; involucral scales loosely imbricated,
linear-subulate, without greenish tips; rays small and narrow, more numerous
than the disk-flowers ; achenia pubescent.—Arctic America to California and
New Mexico. Virginia City, (Bloomer.) Var,@ T,&G. ‘‘ Leaves lanceo-
156 BOTANY.

late-linear, sharply and irregularly serrate; racemes strict, at length some-
what spreading, but scarcely secund ; heads smaller.” Ruby and Huntington
Valleys and lower cafions of the East Humboldt Mountains; July—Septem-
ber. (560.)

Sonmaco cicanTea, Aiton. Saskatchewan to Oregon, and eastward
from Canada to Alabama. ‘Two forms were collected :—(a.) Leaves thin,
smooth, distantly serrulate. On Poplar Creek, in the East Humboldt
Mountains; 6,500 feet elevation. (561.) (b.) Leaves thickish, often some-
what scabrous above and on the veins beneath, broadly lanceolate, and the
lower ones at least coarsely serrated. Stream banks throughout Nevada and
in the Wahsatch; 4,500-6,000 feet elevation ; July—October. (562.)

Sonmaco occrEnTaLis, T. & G. Smooth; stems 2-3° high, panicu-
lately corymbose at the summit, leafy; leaves linear-lanceolate, obscurely
3-5-nerved, minutely scabrous on the edges, the larger ones 4’ long, 3” broad ;
heads rather large, pedicellate in many small corymbs, broadly obconic ;
involucral scales loosely imbricated in about 3 series, oblong-linear, the
straight tips greenish, ciliolate, rather acute; rays 15-25, very small; disk-
flowers 10-15; achenia pubescent.—Oregon and California to the Rocky
Mountains, (Nuttall.) Big Bend of the Truckee, and on Soda Lake in Carson
Desert, Nevada; 4,500 feet elevation; August. Very near to S. lanceolata
of the east, which extends as far west as Kansas, but the latter plant has the
branches and leaves considerably scabrous-pubescent, the heads narrowly
oblong-clavate, and the involucral scales somewhat resinous and closely
appressed. 247 Hall & Harbour, from the Nebraska plains, seems to be S.
occidentalis rather than S. lanceolata, though from its station one would look
for the latter and not the former. (563.)

Livosyris' GRAVEOLENS, T. & G. Shrubby, forming a dense bush,
1-4° high, with numerous virgate terete smooth and green, or puberulent-
tomentose and whitish branches; leaves narrowly linear, 1-nerved, 1-2’ long,
2-1” wide; heads large, 5-flowered, in little clusters which are either corym-

1LINOSYRIS, Losret. Heads 5-many-flowered, the (yellow) flowers all tubular and perfect. In-
volucre obconic or campanulate; the somewhat rigid and carinate scales imbricated in several series ;
the innermost elongated; the outer ones shorter and passing into the leaves. Receptacle alveolate-
toothed ; the-teeth lacerate, or sometimes becoming cuspidate processes. Corollas slender, the expanding
limb 5-cleft. Style with flattened branches; the stigmatic portion oblong or linear; the pubescent
appendages lanceolate or often elongated. Achenia oblong, villous or pubescent. Pappus of copious
unequal scabrous capillary bristles.—Perennial herbs or suffruticose plants, branched from the base and
corymbose or sub-paniculate at the summit, often resinous and having a strong balsamic but unpleasant
odor ; leaves linear or lanceolate, sessile. Natives of Asia, Europe and Western North America,
CATALOGUE. 157

bose or panicled ; involucre oblong, 4” long, 1” wide, the scales few, carinate,
glabrous, 5-ranked, imbricated in about 3 series, the outer ones very short,
the innermost linear, half as long as the brilliant yellow flowers; appendages
of the style linear-subulate, longer than the stigmatic portion; achenia
hairy ; pappus of very fine bristles, nearly as long as the corolla—Plains of
the Upper Platte and Colorado to California, Arizona and New Mexico;
Mount Davidson, etc., (Bloomer.) Western Nevada to Salt Lake, often very
abundant; 4,500-6,000 feet elevation; July—October. Inflorescence less
corymbose and branches greener than in Bolander’s 6143 from Mono
Lake. (564.) .

Var. 8, 'T. & G. ‘Leaves and the‘outermost scales of the involucre, as
well as the branches, more or less tomentose-pubescent.”—Thousand Spring
Valley, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch ; 5,500-7,000 feet elevation. Heads
in dense corymbs. (565.)

Liyosyris viscipirtora, T. & G. Shrubby, a dense bush, 1° high,
(2-4°, Hook.;) older branches with a gray bark; younger ones smooth,
slightly angled ; leaves narrowly linear, 1-nerved, 8-12” long, 2-1” wide,
glabrous; heads small, 5—6-flowered, the clusters in dense flat corymbs;
involucres 24-3” long, obconic, of loosely imbricated glabrous often resinous
or glutinous oblong-linear obtuse scales, the outer ones very short; corolla
at first scarcely exserted, but as the achenium grows it considerably ex-
ceeds the involucre; style as in the last; achenia hairy; pappus of rather
rigid and scabrous sete.—Washington Territory, Oregon, and California to,
Colorado. East Humboldt Mountains, and eastward in Nevada; 6,000-7,000
feet elevation; July-September. (566.) The above character is intended
for the typical form only ; several other forms occur in the collection.

Var. SERRULATA, Torr., in Stansb. Rep., ed. 2., p. 389. Leaves linear-
oblong, nearly 2” wide, 3-nerved, scabrous-ciliolate—Valley of Great Salt
Lake, (Stansbury;) California, (Brewer;) Western Nevada, (Bloomer ;)
Colorado, (49 Parry, 295 Hall & Harbour.) West Humboldt Mountains,
and on a ridge at the mouth of American Fork Cafion, Wahsatch Moun-
tains, Utah; 5,500 feet elevation. (567.)

Var. LATIFoLIA. Glabrous ; leaves lanceolate-oblong, 12-18” long, 3-5’
wide, 3-nerved or indistinctly 5-nerved, mucronulate; involucral scales acute ;
heads 5—7-flowered.—Possibly a distinct species, but Parry’s 49 of the col-
158 BOTANY.

lection of 1862 seems to connect it with Var. serrulata. Mountains at the
head of Humboldt River; 6,500-7,000 feet elevation. (568.)

Var. puperuLa. (L. viscidiflora, Var. 7. T. & G., in part.) Branchlets,
leaves, especially the lower surface, and outer involucral scales minutely
scabrous-pubescent ; leaves narrow, 1-3-nerved.—California, and Western
Nevada (Bloomer) to the Rocky Mountains. Near the Truckee and on the
Hot Spring Mountains in Western Nevada, and in Bear River Cation, Uintas;
4,500-8,000 feet elevation. (569.)

Livosyris Howarpu, Parry. Proc. Amer. Acad., 6.541. ‘‘Shrubby,
6-18) high; younger branches white-woolly; leaves linear, one-nerved, from
webby becoming smooth, the uppermost about as long as, or exceeding,
the corymbose and crowded heads; involucre cylindrical, 5-flowered, the
scales rather loose, all of them finely acuminate; tube of the pale-yellow
corolla sparingly villous; achenia linear, pubescent.” Gray.—Colorado,
(Parry.) Var. Nevapensis, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad., 6. 541. ‘Leaves
rather wider and broader, the apex cuspidate and mostly incurved ; lower
ones sub-spatulate-linear ; involucral scales more webby, especially along the
margins, and somewhat viscid.” Gray.—California, (Brewer,) and Western
Nevada, (Bloomer, Anderson.) West Humboldt Mountains; 8,000 feet
elevation; September. Plant a dense bush, about 2° high. (570.)

Aptopaprus! Bioomeri, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad., 6.541. Shrubby,
about 1° high; branches and leaves smooth; the latter narrow linear-
spatulafe, about 1/long and 2” broad, narrowed at the base, slightly apiculate,
1-nerved or indistinctly 3-nerved, the uppermost passing into the involucral
scales; heads in dense sub-paniculate clusters; involucres campanulate,
about 5” long, the scales loosely imbricated in 3-5 series, lanceolate, rigidly
chartaceous with scarious ciliated margins, and the outer ones with long-

 

1 APLOPAPPUS, Cass. (Macronema, Ericameria, Stenotus, Isopappus, Aplopappus, Pyrrocoma and
Prionopsis of Torrey and Gray’s Flora.) Heads few-many-flowered ; ray-flowers 3-many, pistillate, fertile ;
those of the disk tubular, perfect, generally fertile. Involucre cylindrical, turbinate, campanulate or
hemispherical ; the scales imbricated in few-several series, from linear-subulate varying to broadly oval,
with or without foliaceous tins; the outer ones sometimes smallest, sometimes very large aud leaf-like.
Receptacle flat, alveolate. Corolla of the disk funnel-shaped, or slightly dilated upwards, 5-toothed.
Style of the disk-flowers with the branches flattened, sometimes broadly lanceolate, but more frequently
much elongated, the subulate hispid appendages much longer than the stigmatic portion. Achenia
oblong or linear, mostly terete or turbinate, villous or pubescent, rarely glabrous. Pappus simple, white
or brownish, of copious mostly unequal scabrous somewhat rigid or soft capillary bristles —Perennial
herbs or suffruticose plants, with entire or pinnately toothed or serrate leaves ; the heads often large and.
solitary, but sometimes smaller and corymbose or somewhat panicled. Native of Western North America
and parts of South America; the flowers always yellow, but showing great diversity in the size of the
heads and in the rays, styles, pappus, etc. The few rayless species are not easily separated from Linosyris.
CATALOGUE. 159

acuminate foliaceous tips; rays 3-4, oblong; disk-flowers 15-20, their styles
with very long linear-lanceolate hispid appendages ; achenia appressed hairy ;
pappus of soft slightly fulvous capillary bristles—Plant with much the
look of a Linosyris, and, indeed, the var. angustatus, Gray, (é.c., 7. 354,) has
some of its heads quite rayless. Mount Davidson (Bloomer!;) near Carson
City, (Anderson ;) the variety, California, (Brewer, etc.)

ApLopaPPus NaNUS. (Ericameria nana, Nutt.) A low branching heath-
like shrub, 3-8’ high, glabrous and somewhat glutinous; leaves crowded,
3-6” long, linear-spatulate, rigid, channeled, acute, and with minute leaves
fascicled in their axils; heads small, corymbed; involucre turbinate, of numer-
ous lanceolate carinate chartaceous scales, with scarious margins, very acute ;
the outer ones small and passing into the leaves; rays 4-6; disk-flowers 8-9,
as long as the rays; branches of the style (Gin the disk-flowers) linear-
subulate, the hirsute appendages much longer than the stigmatic portion.—
Blue Mountains of Oregon, (Nuttall.) On rocky ridges, Hast and West
Humboldt Mountains, and in Thousand Spring Valley, Nevada; 6—7,000 feet
elevation; August, September. (571.)

APLopaPPus suFFRUTICOSUS, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad., 6.542. (Mac-
ronema suffruticosus, Nutt.) A span high, from a stout woody base;
stems many, slender, green, and like the leaves glandular-puberulent, leafy to
the summit; leaves 8-10" long, 2” broad, obovate-spatulate, entire, 1-nerved,
slightly apiculate ; heads solitary or several in the terminal corymb ; involucre -
turbinate; the linear-lanceolate scales lax, sub-equal, acute; outer ones
wholly or partly herbaceous; inner ones chartaceous, with scarious lacerate-
ciliate margins; rays 3-10, at first twice as long as the disk; disk-flowers
about 80; style much as in the next; achenia linear, pubescent.—Blue
Mountains of Oregon, (Nuttall;) California, (Brewer!) East and West
Humboldt Mountains; 6—7,000 feet altitude; August, September. (572.)

Aptopappus Macroyema, Gray, 7. c. (Macronema discoidea, Nutt.) A
span high from a slender, branching, woody base; the terete stems white-
tomentose; leaves linear-oblong, obtuse or apiculate, 8-12” long, 2-3” wide,
obscurely 3-nerved, minutely glandular and scabrous; heads single or few in
a corymb, turbinate; scales few, sub-equal, broadly lanceolate, glandular ;
the outer ones herbaceous, at least in part; rays none; disk-flowers about 25 ;
branches of the style very long, filiform, much exserted, the hispid part twice
160 BOTANY.

as long as the stigmatic ; achenia pubescent.—Oregon to California ; Colorado.
East Humboldt Mountains, on a peak of 10,000 feet altitude; August. (573.)

ApLopappus LANcEonatus, T. & G. Glabrous or at first slightly lanu-
ginous ; stems 6-12’ long, ascending from a deep fusiform caudex, corymbosely
branched towards the summit, and often with one or two longer branches
from below the middle; leaves rather rigid; the radical lanceolate, 3-5’ long,
4-6” wide, narrowed into short petioles, sinuate-dentate or serrate; upper
ones oblong, entire or serrate, the base dilated and clasping; heads 2-10,
9” wide when expanded; involucre turbinate-hemispherical, the sparingly
imbricated sub-equal scales lanceolate-oblong, slightly ciliate, greenish
towards the tip; rays 16-25, yellow; disk-flowers numerous; appendages of
the style lanceolate, about equal to the stigmatic portion; achenia villous ;
pappus of unequal brownish-white scabrous capillary bristles—Saskatchewan
to Oregon, Southern Wyoming and Nebraska. Clayey and alkaline meadows
in Northern Nevada; 5-6,000 feet elevation; June-August. (574.)

Var. Vasey, Parry, Ms., is more condensed, and with a stouter
caudex; heads 3-12, rather large; the scales of the involucre broader, with
well-developed herbaceous tips, very unequal, and imbricated in several rows;
rays deep saffron-yellow.—Colorado, (273 Vasey.) Parley’s Park, Utah, in
‘a muddy saline flat; 6,000 feet elevation; July. The Utah specimens have
a less imbricated involucre than those from Colorado, and show the necessity
of uniting Vasey’s plant with the older species. (575.)

APLOPAPPUS TENUICAULIS. Silky-tomentose, or at length nearly
glabrous; stems 6-15’ long, very slender, curved and ascending from a fusi-
form caudex ; leaves all narrowly lanceolate, rather rigid ; the radical 2-3’ long,
2-3” wide, entire or sparingly denticulate, narrowed into a very short
petiole ; cauline ones sessile by a dilated base; heads small, 2—6, racemose
on slender peduncles; involucre hemispherical, the broadly oblong scales
tomentose on the back, and rather obtuse; rays about 20, yellow; disk-
flowers numerous; hispid appendages of the style linear-lanceolate, twice as
long as the stigmatic portion ; achenia silky-villous ; pappus white, of ‘unequal
almost plumulose capillary bristles—Alkaline meadow in Ruby Valley,
Nevada; 6,000 feet elevation; August. Near to A. lanceolatus, but suffici-
ently distinguished from it by the narrower and at first white-tomentose
leaves, the very slender stems, racemosely rather than corymbosely branched,
and the smaller heads, with different involucral scales. (576.)
CATALOGUE. : 161

APLoPAppus uniFLorus, T. & G. Loosely webby-pubescent, or at
length smooth ; stems several, 12-18’ high, ascending from a fusiform caudex;
radical leaves broadly-lanceolate, 4-6’ long, 6-15" wide, tapering both ways,
on moderately long petioles, coarsely and sharply serrate; cauline ones
gradually smaller, oblong-linear, serrate or entire; heads large, solitary or
2—5 on very long nearly or quite naked peduncles ; involucre flattened hemi-
spherical, 9-12” broad, the nearly equal oblong-linear scales in one or some-
what in two rows, slightly hairy ; rays deep-yellow, about 50; disk-flowers
numerous; the style with oblong-lanceolate branches, the hispid and the
stigmatic parts nearly equal; achenium silky-villous; pappus whitish, of
rather few, somewhat unequal, scabrous, capillary bristles—*“ Plains of the
Saskatchewan and prairies of the Rocky Mountains, (Drummond.”) Near
the tunnels of Echo Cafion, and near Evanston, on the Bear River, Utah ;
6—7,000 feet elevation; July. The plant described by Hooker, under the
name of Donia uniflora, was of lower stature, and had usually but one head,
and that with fewer and rather longer rays. (577.)

APLOPAPPUS ACAULIS, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad., 7. 353. (Stenotus
acaulis, Nutt.) Low, ceespitose; stems leafy at the base, 2-6’ high, clustered
at the summit of a woody caudex; leaves minutely scabrous-pubescent; the
lower ones oblanceolate, mucronate-acute, somewhat 8-nerved, about 1’ long ;
upper ones none, or fewand very small; heads single, 12-14” broad; involucre
hemispherical, nearly glabrous, of few broadly ovate, acute, chartaceous,
scarious-margined, imbricated scales; rays 10-12, very broad; style of the
disk-flowers with linear-lanceolate hispid appendages, nearly twice longer
but narrower than the stigmatic portion; pappus copious, whitish, of unequal
densely scabrous somewhat rigid bristles —Southern Idaho; Mount Davidson,
Nevada, (Bloomer!) Mountain ranges of Nevada from the Trinity to the
East Humboldt Mountains; 6—8,000 feet altitude; May—July. (578.)

Var. GLABRATUS. (Stenotus cespitosus, Nutt.!) Smooth; the scapes
more leafy, sometimes branching and bearing 2-3 heads; not otherwise
differing from the type——Idaho or Wyoming, (Wyeth ;) Valley of Great Salt
Lake, (Stansbury.) East Humboldt Mountains, and above Cottonwood
Lake in the Wahsatch ; 7,500-9,500 feet altitude; July-September. (579.)

APLOPAPPUS APARGIOIDES, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad., 7. 854. Low,
cespitose, smooth or sparingly villose-ciliate; stems numerous, 3— high,

21
162 ‘ BOTANY.

ascending or erect from a fusiform caudex; radical leaves 2—3’ long, lanceo-
late or linear, acuminate, narrowed into a petiole, laciniately pinnatifid ;
cauline ones smaller, toothed, the uppermost entire and bractlike; heads
solitary or with 1-2 lower ones on short peduncles, 8-12” broad; involucres
hemispherical, of many oblong, rather obtuse, herbaceous-tipped scales,
imbricated in several rows; rays 18-24; style of the disk-flowers with very
hispid lanceolate appendages nearly twice longer than the stigmatic portion;
achenia striate, glabrous; pappus tawny-white, copious, of unequal scabrous
bristles, some of the longer ones slightly clavate—With much of the habit
of A. lanceolatus this species has the achenia and pappus of the section
Pyrrocoma, to which Dr. Gray has referred it. California, (Bolander;)
Carson City, Nevada, (Anderson.)

APLOPAPPUS PANICULATUS, Gray, Zc. (Pyrrocoma paniculata, T. & G.)
Glabrous; stems several, 1° high, nearly erect from a fusiform caudex ;
radical leaves petioled, oblong-lanceolate, mucronate, obscurely serrulate, 3-5,
long ; the cauline ones lanceolate from a broad clasping base; heads several,
rather large, sessile in the axils of bracteal leaves; involucres campanulate,
of many oblong-ovate herbaceous-tipped scales, closely imbricated in several
rows ; rays 10-12, slender; style of the disk-flowers with subulate hispid
appendages, twice longer but narrower than the stigmatic portion; achenia
flattened, nearly glabrous; pappus tawny-white, of nearly equal scabrous
fragile capillary bristles—Oregon, (Nuttall.)- Var. virearus, Gray, Z. c.
Heads more numerous and smaller; leaves narrowly lanceolate, glaucous,
entire.—California, (Bolander ;) Carson City, Nevada, (Anderson.)

A plant much like this species, but of lower stature and with the heads
somewhat corymbose on slender peduncles and with very tawny pappus, was
collected near Virginia City by Bloomer.

Aptopappus Parryi, Gray. Sid. Jour. (n. s.,) 33. 10. Stems erect,
6-18’ high, viscidly puberulent towards the summit, leafy, corymbosely
branched above; leaves nearly glabrous; the lower ones oblong-obovate,
obtuse, entire, area into a petiole; the upper ones sessile, oblong-ovate
or oblanceolate; heads few or many, nearly sessile in corymbed clusters ;
involucres 46” broad, campanulate; the oblong obtuse scales imbricated in
several rows, chartaceous, the outer ones more foliaceous ; rays 12-20, small
and narrow, pale-yellow; disk-flowers numerous; appendages of the style
lanceolate, slightly hispid, rather longer than the stigmatic portion; achenia
CATALOGUE, 163

glabrous, or with a few scattered hairs; pappus copious, white, of unequal
scabrous capillary bristles—Colorado, (Parry, Hall & Harbour, 268 Vasey.)
Parley’s Park in the Wahsatch, and in Bear River Canon, Uinta Mountains;
6-10,000 feet altitude; July, August. (580.)

Aptopappus Norrauuu, T.& G. Torrey, Sitgreave’s Rep., p. 162, t.21.
Canescent with a fine pubescence; stems numerous, a span high from a
branching woody base, leafy ; leaves obovate-cuneate, about 1’ long, 2” wide,
pinnately toothed, the teeth elegantly bristle-tipped; heads few, in terminal
corymbs; involucres campanulate, 4-6” broad; the scales imbricated in
several rows, oblong or linear, rigidly chartaceous with scarious margins,
the greenish tips abruptly contracted and spreading; rays none; disk-flowers
about 25; styles with very hispid triangular-lanceolate appendages, scarcely
longer than the stigmatic portion; achenia turbinate, silky-villous; pappus
white, of copious very unequal scabrous rigid bristles—Saskatchewan to
Oregon and Idaho, and southward to New Mexico. Wahsatch Mountains,
‘in Weber Valley; 6,000 feet elevation; July. (581.)

APLOPAPPUS SPHEZROCEPHALUS, Harv. & Gray. Pl. Fendl.,p.76. Pac.
R. R. Surv., 7.12, t. 6. Shrubby, glabrous, 1-2° high; branchlets slightly
wing-angled; leaves alternate, sessile, 6-9" long, narrowly linear-spatulate,
1-nerved, entire, mucronulate ; heads terminal, solitary or in simple corymbs,
large, 5-9” wide; involucre hemispherical; the obtuse scales imbricated in
several rows, their margins’ scarious and lacerate-ciliate; flowers 30-40, all
tubular; achenia top-shaped, densely villous-lanate ; pappus short, of 20 or
more bristles, spatulate-clavellate towards the tip, plumulose below, a few
shorter subulate ones intermixed.—A very interesting plant, for which a
separate sub-genus, Acamptopappus, was provided, (Pl. Fendl., 1. c.;) but the
pappus is so very peculiar that it might well be made the type of a distinct
genus. California, (Coulter;) San Felipe, New Mexico, (Park’s Expl.;) St.
George, Southern Utah, (Dr. E. Palmer, 1870.)

GRINDELIA’? squaRRosa, Dunal. Glabrous and viscidly resinous; stems
herbaceous from a perennial caudex, 12-20’ high, corymbosely branched

 

1GRINDELIA, Witip. Heads many-flowered; the ray-flowers generally present, pistillate, the
ligule elongated ; disk-flowers perfect, the corolla tubular-funnel-shaped, 5-toothed. Involucre subglo-
bose or hemispherical, the scales imbricated in many rows, often with squarrose tips. Receptacle naked,
flat, foveolate. Style with lanceolate hispid appendages as long as the stigmatic portion. Achenium
smooth, oblong or ovate, somewhat angled. Pappus of 2-8 smooth rigid deciduous awns, shorter than
the disk-corollas.—Biennial (?,) perennial or suffruticose, often resiniferous, Mexican and North Ameri-
can plants. Leaves entire or serrate, often punctate, the cauline ones sessile. Heads corymbed at the
ends of the branches, or solitary, mostly rather large.
164 BOTANY.

above; leaves somewhat rigid, glaucous and punctate-reticulated; the radical
ones spatulate-lanceolate, narrowed into a petiole, dentate or incised; the
cauline mostly oblong, sessile and partly clasping, finely toothed or spinulose-
serrate; heads numerous; involucres sub-globose, 6" broad; the scales very
rigid, closely appressed, but with very long reflexed or squarrose subulate
points ; rays numerous, rather narrow ; pappus of 2-4 very rigid deciduous
bristles or awns.—Arctic America to Nebraska, California, New Mexico and
Texas. Wahsatch Mountains and Salt Lake Valley; 4,500-7,000 feet
elevation; August. (582.)

Var. GRANDIFLORA, Gray. Pl. Wright. 1.98. Heads much larger ;
achenia somewhat four-sided, compressed. California and New Mexico.
Ruby Valley, Nevada; 6,000 feet elevation; September. The same as
Frémont’s plant. (583.)

Curysorsis vitLosa, Nutt. Saskatchewan to Oregon and California,
and eastward to Illinois, Kentucky and Texas. A most variable species, to
which are referred C. canescens and echinoides, besides the following.—Var.
wispipa, Gray. Proc. Acad. Philad., Mar. 1863, p. 65. (C. hispida, DC.)
Hispid with rigid whitish hairs, and exceedingly scabrous; leaves rigid,
smaller, and very narrow.—Nearly the same form as Lindheimer’s 631, but
with fewer long spreading hairs, and the leaves are acutely lanceolate.
Mouth of Cottonwood Cafion, Utah; 5,000 feet elevation; July. (584.)

Another form of this variety, with scarcely any spreading hairs, the whole
plant copiously resinous-glandular, was found at Frémont’s Pass in the East
Humboldt Mountains, and at the City of Rocks in Southeastern Idaho ;
6-6,500 feet elevation; August-October. (585.)

Var. Fotiosa. (C. foliosa, Nutt.) Stem hirsute with soft spreading
white hairs, very leafy ; leaves obovate-oblong, 15-20” long, 4” broad, softly
canescent and silky-villous, the lower part somewhat hirsute like the stem ;
heads in a large open corymb; involucre of linear-subulate canescent scales.
Scarcely distinguishable from C. canescens, but whiter and more silky than
C. villosa. Salt Lake Valley, and along the western foot of the Wahsatch ;
4,500-5,000 feet elevation ; July, August. (586.)

Lapnamia’ Stanssuri, Gray. Pl. Wright. 1.101. Torrey, Stansb.
‘ Rep., (ed. 2,) p. 389, t.7. Puberulent; stems 6-12’ high, many from a stout

 

1LAPHAMIA, Gray. Pl. Wright. 1.99. Head several-many-flowered ; rays few, pistillate, fertile,
the ligule oval or oblong, 2-3-toothed, scarcely exceeding the disk, sometimes none ; disk-flowers perfect,
CATALOGUE. 165

woody caudex; leaves petioled, opposite and alternate, roundish or broadly
ovate, 2-4” wide, few-toothed or nearly entire; heads solitary at the ends of
nearly naked branches; involucres 3” wide, the appressed scales obovate-
oblong ; rays 6-10, the oblong ligules much longer than the tube and slightly
exceeding the disk, 2-toothed at the apex; disk-flowers about 25; pappus
of a single bristle a little shorter than the disk-corolla—The branches of the
style appear to be somewhat semi-cylindric rather than flattened. Crevices
of limestone rocks on Stansbury Island, (Capt. Stansbury.) On the same
island, upon rocks; 4,500-5,000 feet elevation; June. (587.)

Iva axinuaris, Pursh. Stems 6-15’ high, much branched from a
somewhat woody slender base, very leafy; leaves small, 9-12" long, 3-6”
wide, obovate or oblong, obtuse, narrowed at the base, minutely’ appressed-
pubescent; heads solitary in the axils of the upper leaves, nodding on short
peduncles; involucres of few concave orbicular foliaceous scales, either
distinct or partially united ; fertile flowers 4-5; chaff of the receptacle fili-
form-clavellate—Saskatchewan to Oregon and California, and eastward to
Nebraska ; about Virginia City, Nevada, (Bloomer.) Abundant in the
Valleys, from the Truckee River to the Wahsatch ; 4—6,000 feet elevation ;
June-September. (588.)

AMBROSIA ARTEMISIEFOLIA, L. North America from the Atlantic to
the Pacific, northward to the Saskatchewan and southward to Texas.
Humboldt Pass, Nevada; 6,000 feet elevation; September. (589.)

AMBROSIA PSILOsTacHyA, DC. (A. coronopifolia, T. & G.) Illinois to
California, and southward to Texas; Salt Lake Valley, (Stansbury.) Jordan
Valley ; 4,500 feet elevation; August. (590.)

Franserta* Hooxeriana, Nutt. Annual, much branched, 1-2° high ;

 

the corolla tubular, more or less enlarged at the throat, with four ovate spreading teeth. Scales of the
involucre in one or two series, oblong, membranaceous, keeled, one-nerved, the apex ciliate. Receptacle
naked, flat, foveolate. Anther-cells somewhat produced at the base. Style of the disk-flowers with
narrow flattened branches produced into a subulate hispid appendage. Achenia oblong, flattened, with
a single nerve at each margin. Pappus either none or of a single stout scabrous bristle, rather longer
than the achenium, or (in a doubtful species) of about 20 such bristles.—Low perennials, with many
stems rising from a stout woody caudex; the leaves opposite or alternate, small, toothed or multifid,
punctate or dotted with resinous globules; heads solitary or in terminal corymbs, the flowers yellow.
Natives of Utah, New Mexico and Texas, or extending into Mexico.

1FRANSERIA, Cavanitites. Heads of two sorts, the fertile ones at the base, and the sterile ones
composing the upper portion of the racemes or spikes. Fertile heads with an ovoid or oblong closed
involucre composed of numerous united scales, the tips free and spinescent or hooked; corolla none or
tudimentary; style with filiform obtuse branches; achenia oblong; pappus none. Sterile heads hemi:
spherical, the 12-20-flowered cup-shaped involucre of 8-12 united scales ; receptacle flattish, with filiform
chaff; corolla funnel-shaped, 4-5-toothed ; anthers tipped with a slender inflexed appendage ; ovary none ;
style radiate-penicillate at summit.—Herbs or sufirutescent plants; the leaves alternate, coarsely toothed
or lobed, or even bipinnatifid. Natives of America, from the Saskatchewan to Peru.
x

166 BOTANY.

leaves ovate in outline, 1-14’ long, minutely strigose, bipinnatifid, the seg-
“ments oblong or linear; heads in panicled racemes ; fertile ones with sev-
eral strong flattened prickles; sterile ones with a 5—8-cleft involucre and
10-20 flowers; chaff of the sterile receptacle small and inconspicuous——An
unsightly weed. Saskatchewan to California, and eastward to Colorado and
New Mexico; Steamboat Springs, Nevada, (Bloomer.) From the Sierras
to Great Salt Lake; 4-6,000 feet elevation ; August-October. (591.)

Hymenociza! monocyra, T.& G. Pi. Fendi, p. 79. Leaves 1-2’
long, entire or with a few distant divisions, the divisions, like the leaves,
filiform ; fertile involucres turbinate-fusiform, bearing near the middle a sin-
gle whorl of broadly obovate scales ; the apex tubular and moderately elon-
gated.—Plant 2-5° high, having the look of an Artemisia; the ripened fruit
silvery-scarious. California to New Mexico and Sonora. Foot-hills of Vir-
ginia Mountains, near the Truckee River ; 4,500 feet altitude ; May. (592.)

Xanruium struMARiIuM, L., Var. ecuinatTum, Gray. Manual, ed. 5, p.
252. Atlantic coast, and along the Great Lakes ; New Mexico and Califor-
nia. Truckee bottom, Nevada, and Promontory range, Utah; 4,500—5,500
feet elevation ; July-October. (593.)

Wrerata? ampiexicaunis, Nutt. Smooth throughout and glutinous or
resinous; stems 1-2° high from a stout but scarcely woody root, leafy,
usually bearing 3-5 heads; leaves broadly oblong-lanceolate, entire or serru-
late; the radical ones often 1° long and 2-3’ broad, petioled ; the cauline
successively smaller, sessile, often somewhat clasping ; involucre 9-15’ broad,
the glabrous subequal scales as long as the disk, the outer ones oblong,

 

1HYMENOCLEA, T. & G:, l.c. Heads of two sorts, clustered in the axils of the upper leaves, the
fertile ones below the sterile. Fertile heads with an obovoid closed coriaceous one-celled and one-flow-
ered inyolucre, which when mature has the sides winged with a circle or spiral of broad scarious append-
ages, representing the dilated tips of the involucral scales, the apex of the involucre conical, tubular,
pointed. Sterile heads 5-6-lobed, 15-20-flowered ; the receptacle small, bearing small obovate or spatu-
late clawed carious chaff, nearly as long as the funnel-shaped or goblet-shaped 5-toothed corolla; an-
thers with a small inflexed deltoid appendage.—Glabrous much-branched shrubby plants, with alternate

filiform leaves, or the lower ones pinnately 3-5-divided. Genus of two species only, natives of Califor-
nia, Nevada, Arizona, New Mexico, &c.

2? WYETHIA, Nurr. Heads many-flowered, radiate; the rays very large, pistillate, fertile; disk-
flowers numerous, tubular, ampliated near the base, five-toothed. Scales of the campanulate involucre
imbricated in 2-3 series, subequal, the outer ones equaling or exceeding the disk, foliaceous, the inner
ones narrow and rigid. Receptacle slightly convex, the lanceolate acuminate carinate chartaceous
chaff as long as the disk-flowers and slightly inclosing them. Branches of the style of the disk-flowers
linear-elongated, recurved, hispid, of the ray glabrous. Achenia elongated, flattened, somewhat 4-5-an-
gled and prismatic, mostly smooth. Pappus coroniform, rigid, the teeth short and erose or denticulated,
one or more of them often produced into awns.—Coarse perennial herbs, often resinous or balsamic, with
ample nearly entire leaves, and large sunflower-like yellow heads, either solitary and terminal, or few
on axillary peduncles; natives of North America from Oregon to New Mexico.
CATALOGUE. 167

rather obtuse, foliaceous, the inner lanceolate, acute; rays about 15, nearly
2’ long, 8-5” wide; pappus unequally 3-8-toothed, one or two teeth often
awned.—A coarse, rank-smelling plant; the root somewhat fleshy, and said
to be eaten by the Indians. Rocky Mountains of Washington Territory, to
Colorado, (Parry.) Havallah range to the Wahsatch, in rich soil on the hill
sides, abundant ; 4,500-8,000 feet elevation; June, July. (594.)

WYETHIA MOLLIS, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad. 6.544. Woolly-tomentose,
becoming smoothish; stems 1-2° high, bearing 1-3 heads; leaves entire,
broadly oblong or oval, the uppermost ovate and sessile, lower cauline and
radical petioled, very large, 9-12’ long, 3-5’ broad; involucre 1’ broad,
white-woolly, the outer scales oblong-ovate, slightly exceeding the disk;
rays 10-12, 12-15” long, 3-4” broad; achenia pubescent, linear ; pappus
with 2-3 long stout awns.—California, (Brewer! and Bolander !;) Carson
City, Nevada, (Anderson!;) Mount Davidson, (Bloomer !)

BarsamorruizA* Hooxert, Nutt. Canescent or somewhat silky with
soft short appressed hairs ; radical leaves ovate-lanceolate in outline, 2-3-pin-
natifid with narrow segments ; scapes several, 6-10’ high, with a pair of entire
or pinnatifid bracts near the base; heads solitary, 2-24’ broad; involucral
scales very numerous, lanceolate, acute; rays 12-18, 2—4-toothed at the
end.—Plains of Washington Territory and Oregon; near Carson City,
(Anderson, Bloomer.) Foot-hills of the Virginia and Trinity Mountains,
Nevada; 5-6,500 feet elevation; April, May. (595.)

BaALSAMORRHIZA HIRSUTA, Nutt. Scabrous-hirsute; radical leaves 8-10’
long, on petioles half as long and white-woolly at the dilated base, oblong-
lanceolate in outline, pinnately cleft into numerous oblong-lanceolate or some-
what cuneate and incised segments; scapes about 1° high, monocephalous,
bearing near the base a pair of nearly or quite entire petioled linear-lanceo-
late bracts; heads scarcely 2’ broad; scales of the involucre lanceolate ;
chaff of the receptacle much shorter than the flowers.—Oregon, and in the

 

'BALSAMORRHIZA, Hoox. Heads many-flowered, radiate; the rays large, pistillate, . fertile ;
disk-flowers numerous, perfect, tubular, 5-toothed. Scales of the campanulate involucre imbricated in
3-4 or more rows, the outer foliaceous, as long as the disk, inner ones more rigid and passing into the
rigid and acute concave chaff of the nearly flat receptacle. Branches of the style of the disk-flowers
elongated, filiform, very hispid, of the ray one-half smaller, and nearly or quite smooth. Achenia oblong,
quadrangular and striated, or those of the ray flattened ; pappus none.—Coarse perennial herbs, with
very large roots full of a balsamic resin, ample entire or pinnately lobed radical leaves, and stems 6’-2°
high, bearing 1-3 sunflower-like heads and a few small leaves or bracts. Natives of Western North
America. In this genus and in the last, the rays often produce two or three abortive stamens ; the same
thing occurs in many other genera. :
168 BOTANY.

Grand Ronde prairie, (Nuttall!;) Utah Valley, (Mrs. Carrington.) Summit
of ridge on Antelope Island, Great Salt Lake, and on the ridge between
Utah Valley and the Valley of Salt Lake ; 5,500-6,000 feet elevation ; June,
July, (596.

BALSAMORRHIZA MACROPHYLLA, Nutt. Sparingly pubescent and slightly
glandular-roughened, at length nearly smooth; radical leaves 6-10’ long,
broadly ovate, long-petioled, pinnately parted ; the divisions oblong-ovate or
broadly lanceolate, often 1’ wide, entire or more or less incised; scapes 15—-
20’ high, monocephalous, with a pair of petioled pinnately-lobed leaves near
the base; heads very large; involucral scales in about 3 series, lanceolate,
the outer ones foliaceous and often reflexed; rays 2’ long and often 6-8”
broad, the ends entire or slightly toothed—‘ Toward the sources of the
Colorado of the West, in the Rocky Mountains,” (Nuttall ;) California. —
Abundant in the Wahsatch Mountains at 4,500-6,000 feet elevation; May-
July. The leaves vary in shape exceedingly, being sometimes slightly lobed,
and occasionally even entire. (597.)

BaLsaMorRuiza sacirtaTa, Nutt. Canescent and minutely tomentose ;
radical leaves on long petioles, cordate-ovate or somewhat hastate, acute,
entire, 4-8’ long, 2-4’ wide; stems 9-15’ high, bearing a few small scattered
oblong-spatulate leaves, monocephalous, or with 2-3 heads; involucre white-
woolly ; rays very large, entire or toothed.—Mountains of Oregon and Cali-
fornia to Colorado; Western Nevada, (Anderson! Bloomer!) Foot-hills
and mountain sides from Carson City to the Wahsatch; 4,500-7,000 feet
elevation; April—July. (598.)

RUDBECKIA OCCIDENTALIS, Nutt. Smooth or nearly so; stems 2-4°
high, simple ; leaves ovate-acuminate, entire or coarsely toothed, ample, 5—7'
long, 3-4’ broad, 3-5 nerved at the base, and abruptly narrowed into a short
winged petiole; heads solitary or few, on long peduncles ; the involucre 1-2’
broad, of numerous oblong-linear unequal foliaceous spreading or reflexed
scales ; raysnone; receptacle much elongated ; disk purplish-brown, conical-
oblong, in fruit as thick as one’s finger and half as long; chaff about the
length of the mature achenia; pappus coroniform, toothed—Oregon, and
Rocky Mountains. East Humboldt Mountains to the Wahsatch; 6—7,500
feet elevation; July-September. (599.)

Heiantuus exiuis, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad. 6. 545. Annual, scab-
rous or hirsute ; stems slender, a foot or more high, branching; leaves oppo-
CATALOGUE. 169

site and alternate, petioled, 12-18” long, oblong-linear or elliptical, entire,
3-nerved at the base; heads numerous on long and very slender peduncles,
very small, scarcely 1’ broad; involucre of 10-12 ovate-acuminate foliaceous
scales, half as long as the 5-8 broad but very short rays; chaff of the recepta-
cle tricuspidate, with the middle point becoming a stout awn; achenia glab-
rous or hirsute; scales of the pappus ovate-lanceolate——California, (Bolan-
der!) Carson Desert, near Soda Lake; 4,000 feet elevation; July. (600.)

HELIANTHUS LENTICULARIS, Douglas. Annual, scabrous and even his-
pid; stems purple-spotted, stout, 3-8° high, branching; leaves alternate,
ovate, acuminate, coarsely serrate, 3-6’ long, 2-4’ broad, 3-nerved at the base
and suddenly narrowed into a petiole nearly as long as the leaf; uppermost
leaves more lanceolate; heads mostly panicled, peduncled, 24-4’ broad ;
involucre spreading ; the numerous ovate ciliate abruptly acuminate scales
imbricated in about 3 rows, outer ones shortest; rays 20-24, large; chaff
of the flat receptacle nearly as long as the purplish disk-flowers, concave,
carinate, tricuspidate, the middle point much the strongest and dark-colored ;
achenia finely appressed-pubescent; pappus of two lanceolate chaffy awns.—
Saskatchewan to Oregon, California, and Arizona, and eastward from the
Upper Missouri to Texas and New Mexico. - Common in the valleys through-
out Nevada, and in Salt Lake Valley; 4-6,000 feet elevation; July—Octo-
ber. (601.)

Heuiantraus Nurauuu, T. & G. Perennial; stem smooth, 3-4° high;
leaves opposite, or all but the lower ones alternate, short-petioled, the upper
sessile, all narrow linear-lanceolate, 4-6’ long, 3-6” or even 12” wide, entire
or distantly serrate, 3-nerved near the base, scabrous on both sides; heads
1-7, about 2’ broad; involucre of lanceolate-subulate scales, hirsute toward
the base; rays 20-24, rather narrow, deep-yellow ; achenia glabrous; pap-
pus of 2 lanceolate chaffy scales—Plains of the Snake River, (Nuttall ;)
Rocky Mountains of Southern Idaho, (Burke.) Unionville, Upper Hum-
boldt, and Ruby Valleys; 4—6,000 feet elevation; August-October. (602.)

Hevianruus eicanteus, L. Saskatchewan and Canada to Georgia.
Var. Uranensis. Stem slightly hirsute, at length smooth; leaves narrower
and thinner than in H. giganteus, minutely scabrous above, appressed-pubes-
cent beneath, all but the uppermost opposite, narrowed into a short winged
petiole; heads, &c., as in H. giganteus——Varley’s Park, Utah; 6,000 feet

elevation; July. (603.)
22
170 BOTANY.

Henianruenia unirtora, T. & G. Pubescent with short appressed
hairs, and somewhat hirsute along the stem ; leaves broadly lanceolate, 4—6
long, 1-2’ wide pointed, narrowed at the base, mostly opposite, the lower
ones petioled, all 3-nerved above the base, heads solitary or with 1-2 from
the upper axils, 2-4’ broad; involucre ciliate-hirsute, the scales lanceolate,
foliaceous, the outer ones often exceeding even the rays; chaff of the slightly
convex receptacle closely conduplicate, 5-7” long, delicately scarious, pubes-
cent at the tip; achenia 2-winged, ciliate and pubescent, crowned with 2
long awns and about 4 intermediate lacerate squamelle.—Stems 2—3° high,
usually single from a rather slender perennial caudex ; rays pale yellow ; disk
an inch or more broad. Along the Rocky Mountains from Montana to Colo-
rado and Arizona; Utah, (Woodhouse.) Bear River Cafion, Utah; 8,000
feet elevation; July. (604.)

HELIANTHELLA MULTICAULIS. Somewhat scabrous and pubescent with
minute scattered appressed hairs; stems 12° high, many from a stout branch-
ing woody base; leaves opposite, oblong-lanceolate, 3-4’ long, 7-10” wide,
rather obtuse, nearly sessile, 3-nerved above the base, minutely resinous-
dotted ; heads solitary, long-peduncled, 2-3’ broad ; involucral scales lanceo-
late, puberulent and ciliate, the outer ones sometimes exceeding the rays ;
chaff of the receptacle conduplicate, 4” long, rigidly chartaceous, the tips
scarcely pubescent ; achenia as in the last, but not so large.—-Very near the
last, but distinguished from it by the numerous stems rising from a stout
underground woody caudex, which lasts many years, by the resin which fills
the ultimate veinlets and appears on both surfaces of the leaves in exceed-
ingly minute granules, and by the smaller and much more rigid chaff of
the receptacle. Wyeth’s specimen of Nuttall’s Helianthus uniflorus has the
smaller leaves of this plant, but the chaff is large and scarious as in the
plant last described. Kast Humboldt Mountains, and on the hills and peaks
about Parley’s Park, Utah; June, July. (605.)

HELiomMeris* MULTIFLORA, Nutt. Jour. Acad. Phil. ns, 1. 171.
Stems few from a woody root, 1-2° high, simple or branched; leaves nar-

 

1HELIOMERIS, Nurr., l.c. Heads many-flowered, radiate ; rays neutral; disk-flowers numerous,
perfect ; the corolla with a very short pubescent proper tube, (i. ¢., ampliated very near the base,) 5-
toothed. Involuere spreading ; oblong:linear scales in about 2 rows. Receptacle oblong-conical, covered
with persistent lanceolate concave-carinate chaff, partly embracing the disk-flowers and nearly their
length. Stamens with broad ovate appendages and blackish anthers. Branches of the style oblong-
clavate, slightly hispid. Achenia cuneate-oblong, compressed-quadrangular, entirely destitute of pap-
pus.—Perennial Western North American herbs or suffrutescent plants, with nearly entire mostly opposite
leaves and yellow flowers, smaller than those of most Helianthi.
CATALOGUE. 171

rowly or broadly lanceolate, 1-24° long, 8-6” broad, more or less scabrous-
pubescent, entire or obscurely serrulate ; heads 12-16" broad, mostly terminal
on long branches; chaff of the receptacle rather rigid, pungently acute; rays
10-12, oblong-oval, entire or slightly emarginate; achenia compressed-
pyriform, scarcely angled, black and somewhat shining—California to Col-
orado, and southward to Arizona and New Mexico. Utah, from the foot-
hills of the Promontory Range to Bear River Cafion ; 6-8,000 feet elevation ;
July—October. (606.)

Cuanactis * Xantrana, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad., 6. 545. Sparingly
lanulose, soon nearly glabrous; stems 6-9’ high, sparingly branched ; leaves
1-23 long, linear, with a few distant oblong-linear lobes; heads rather few,
8-10" long; involucral scales oblong-lanceolate, rather lax, the longest
scarcely equaling the corollas ; corollas flesh-colored, the outer ones but little
larger and not longer than the others; achenia hispid; pappus of 4 inner
lanceolate scales, nearly as long as the corolla, and 4 outer ones, very short
and broadly cuneate-obcordate-—Near Carson City, Nevada, (Dr. Ander-
son!) Southern California, (Xantus, Dr. Van Horn !)

Cuanactis macrantua. A span high, pubéscent with delicate partly
deciduous wool; stems much branched, especially at the base; leaves 1-2’
long, 1-2-pinnatifid with oblong lobes about 1” wide; scales of the obconic
involucre in two rows, linear-lanceolate; corollas 6” long, flesh-colored,
minutely pubescent, narrowly obconic, scarcely expanded at the summit, the
marginal ones not appreciably larger than the others; anthers included;
branches of the style at length exserted; achenia blackish, hispid; pappus
of 4 oblong-linear scales, shorter than the achenia and only half the length
of the corollas, and 4 outer oblong-cuneate ones, #3 as long as the inner
ones.—Near the last, but has more compound leaves and much longer
flowers. Foot-hills of Western Nevada, 5,000-5,500 feet elevation; May,
June. Prate XVIIL Fig. 1. A plant; natural size. Fig. 2. Achenium

 

1CHANACTIS, DC. Heads many-flowered ; flowers all tubular and perfect ; the corollas glabrous
or puberulent, elongated, narrowly obconic or ampliated above and trumpet-shaped, 5-toothed, the outer
ones (rays) more expanded than the rest and often somewhat irregularly ventricose, 5-cleft; teeth or
lobes pubescent. Involucre campanulate, the scales oblong-linear, about 20, in 1-2-rows. Receptacle
alveolate. Style with very long narrowly linear branches, the upper part hispid. Achenia linear, taper-
ing to the base, striate or quadrangular. Pappus of 4-12 byaline membranous usually nerveless scales,
with erosely denticulate margins, those of the disk-flowers usually much shorter.—Annual, biennial
or perennial herbs, natives of Western North America, with alternate 1-3-pinnatifid leaves, and rather
large heads terminating the simple or corymbose branches,
172 BOTANY.

and pappus. Fig.3. Corolla. Fig. 4. Stamen. Fig.5. Style; all enlarged
three diameters. (607.)

Caanactis Dovenasu, Hook. & Arn. (Ch. achillewfolia, H. & A.)
Biennial and sometimes annual, whitened with a close tomentum, or rarely
smoothish; stems from 2’~3° high, simple or much-branched, often several
from one root; leaves somewhat fleshy, 1-3’ long, ovate-oblong in outline,
2—-3-pinnatifid with very numerous and often crowded minute oblong-obovate
or rounded lobes; heads few-many, corymbed ; involucres turbinate or cam-
panulate, the oblong-linear scales in 1-2 series; flowers 6-7” long, whitish
or flesh-colored ; corollas pubescent; marginal ones scarcely larger; achenia
linear, hispid, blackish, as long as the corolla; pappus of about 10 unequal
oblong or lanceolate erosely denticulate scales, 4-2 as long as the achenium.—
A variable plant, presenting numerous forms dependent upon exposure, soil,
&c., but none of them can be considered well-marked and permanent
varieties. The name Douglasii, being older than achilleefolia, is taken for
the united species. The larger pappus-scales sometimes have a well-defined
mid-nerve. A good figure of a common form of the plant is given in Plate
VI of Stansbury’s Report. Oregon and California to Colorado and Arizona;
Western Nevada, (Bloomer! and Anderson !) Common throughout Nevada
and Utah, from 4,000 feet elevation upward; May-October. (608.) A
dwarf alpine form, with the leaves having densely crowded minute lobes
and the heads few and rather large, is Brewer’s 1901, from California, and
the same was found on rocky ridges of the Uintas about Bear River Cation,
at 10,000-12,000 feet elevation. (609.)

CH&ENACTIS STEVIOIDES, Hook. & Arn. Annual, glabrous, or at first
puberulent above ; stems 6-10’ high, branched from the base, corymbose
above ; leaves 1-2-pinnately divided, the divisions linear, obtuse, entire, }”
wide; involucre glandular-puberulent, the scales spatulate-oblong, in two
rows; flowers white or flesh-color; corollas tubular-funnel-shaped, the
marginal ones shorter and a little more expanded ; achenia hirsute; pappus
of 4-5 subequal lanceolate acute denticulate scales—Oregon and California
to New Mexico; Strong’s Knob, Great Salt Lake, (Stansbury.) Foot-hills
and ridges of Trinity Mountains and Reese River Valley, Nevada, and on
Stansbury Island, Great Salt Lake ; 4-5,000 feet elevation ; May-July. (610.)

Ciranactis caRPHoctinia, Gray. Bot. Mex. Bound., p.94. “ Annual (?,)
at first lanulose, soon glabrous, somewhat viscid; stem much branched;
CATALOGUE, 173

leaves 1-2-pinnately divided ; involucre viscid; corollas whitish (?,) the mar-
ginal ones with an expanded limb, but regular and not longer than those of
the disk; pappus of 4 ovate-lanceolate acuminate scales ; receptacle bearing
among the flowers a few (5-10) setaceous palets as long as the involucre.”—
Deserts of Arizona and Southeastern California. A single specimen with
immature heads, but with the chaff of the receptacle very conspicuous, was
found on the foot-hills of the Trinity Mountains; 4,800 feet elevation ;
May. (611.)

HYMENOPAPPUS TENUIFOLIUS, Pursh. Whitened-tomentose; stems 8—
15’ high, leafy at the base, sparingly corymbose towards the summit, often
several from a rather stout simple or branched perennial caudex; radical
leaves petioled, 2—4’ long, 2~3-pinnately divided with numerous oblong-linear
lobes less than 2 wide; cauline ones sessile, similar but smaller, or
reduced to simple linear bracts; heads whitish, 46” broad, hemispherical-
campanulate ; involucral scales oval, appressed, with broad obscurely denti-
culate scarious margins; corolla-tube very short; achenia more or less
silky-villous ; pappus of spatulate-oblong obtuse slightly erose scales, nerved
to the middle, as long as the tube of the corolla.—Missouri to Dacotah and
Montana, and southward to Colorado and New Mexico. Nevada, perhaps
in the East Humboldt Mountains; the ticket lost. Specimens with the
cauline leaves mostly simple and the achenia less villous than in the Colorado
specimens. (612.)

Banta‘ LeucopHytya, DC. Whitish-tomentose; stems 5-15’ high,
very many from a somewhat woody base, naked above, leafy ; leaves 6-12’
long, obovate-spatulate or cuneate, entire, or more frequently 3-lobed at the
apex or even pinnately incised; heads solitary on long naked peduncles,
9-12" broad; rays oblong-oval; achenia obtusely quadrangular with concave
sides, glabrous or glandular-pubescent toward the apex; pappus of very
small cuneate-oblong or somewhat quadrate obtuse nerveless erosely toothed
scales—Nutka Sound and Oregon to California; near Virginia City,

 

1 BAHIA, tacasca. Heads many-flowered, radiate; rays 5-30, pistillate, fertile; disk-flowers
tubular, perfect, fertile, corollas glandular-hairy, 5-toothed. Involucre sub-globose or campanulate, the
scales appressed in one or two rows. Receptacle convex or conical, naked. Branches of the style in the
disk-flowers short, thickened at the apex, and obtuse, or truncate, or with a conical fleshy appendage.
Achenia narrowly turbinate or linear, 4-sided. Pappus a crown of short scarious nerveless or rarely
1-nerved and even awned scales.—-Perennial herbs or suffruticose plants of Western America, from
Nutka to Chili, usually whitish-tomentose, with lobed or incised leaves, and yellow heads on long
peduncles or in terminal corymbs.
174 BOTANY.

(Bloomer!) Mountains of Nevada, from the Pah-Ute to the East Hum-
boldt Ranges; 5,500-9,500 feet elevation ; June-August. Plant not so
white as Brewer’s Californian specimens, the very numerous stems often a
foot or more high. (613.)

Burrretia! nivea. Minute, barely 1/ high, densely covered with white
wool; leaves obovate-spatulate ; heads solitary on short slender peduncles,
24-8” long; involucre of about 8 oblong obtuse scales, smooth within, at
length reflexed and showing the hemispherical receptacle ; rays 8-9, obovate,
scarcely exceeding the involucre, hairy along the tube, and 2-3-toothed at
the apex; disk-flowers 6-8, half shorter than the rays, corolla somewhat
expanded at the throat; anthers slightly sagittate, the terminal appendage
ovate ; style of the disk-flowers with the oblong branches tipped with a short
obtuse barbellate appendage; achenia obovate-oblong, compressed, villous-
ciliate along the thickened margins, otherwise smooth; pappus of 2 concave
long-awned ovate denticulate hyaline scales——In appearance much resem-
bling B. Janosa, but differs in the broader leaves, the simple pappus, and
especially in the curiously 2-ridged achenium. From the character of Dicheta
it recedes a little in having a convex and not conical receptacle and in the
pappus. Bahia Wallacet and B. rubella are other plants much resembling
this, but the achenium and pappus are very different. Foot-hills of Western
Nevada, from the Virginia to the Pah-Ute Mountains; 4—5,500 feet eleva-
tion; May, June. Puare XVIII. Fig. 6. A plant; natural size. Fig. 7.
Ray-flower; magnified six diameters. Fig. 8. Pappus-scale; magnified
twelve times. Fig. 9. Section of achenium; magnified eighteen times.
Fig. 10. Style; magnified twelve times. Fig. 11. Corolla of disk-flower.
Fig. 12. Same laid open and all but one stamen removed; magnified six
times. Fig. 13. Stamen. Fig. 14. Style; each magnified twelve diame-
ters. (614.)

ACTINELLA ACAULIS, Nutt. Czespitose, dwarf and acaulescent, villous-

pubescent or silky; caudex perennial, simple or branching ; leaves all radical,

 

1 BURRIELIA, DC., (including Dicheta, Nutt.) Heads few-many-flowered, radiate; rays 3-13,
pistillate, fertile ; disk-flowers tubular, perfect ; the corollas with an expanded 5-lobed or 5-toothed limb.
Involucre hemispherical or campanulate, the scales usually as many as the rays, oval or oblong, about
as long as the disk. Receptacle conical or convex, papillose or with toothed alveoli. Branches of the
style truncate and minutely barbellate, or terminated by a very short conical appendage. Achenia
obconic or fusiform, quadrangular, or somewhat compressed. Pappus of 2-5 lanceolate or subulate awns, ,
often with several obtuse lacerate scales between the awns, but in one species the pappus is wanting.—

Annual, mostly Californian herbs, often very small, with opposite leaves and commonly solitary heads of
yellow flowers.
PLATE XVII.

      

  

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1-5. CHANACTIS MACRANTHA | 6-14 BURRIELIA NIVEA
CATALOGUE. 175

spatulate or linear-obovate, entire, 1-14’ long; scapes 1-6 high, usually
leafless and bearing a single head 9-15” broad; involucre of 2 rows of oval
or oblong scales equaling the disk; rays 10-12, broadly cuneate, 3-toothed
and often sprinkled with resinous atoms; pappus of 5-7 broadly ovate
scales abruptly tipped with slender awns.—Saskatchewan and the Missouri
Basin to Colorado and New Mexico. A glabrous and awnless form (Var.
glabra, Gray) occurs in Illinois, and it is quite probable that A. Torreyana
and A. danata are but forms of this species —East Humboldt Mountains ;
7,500-9,000 feet altitude; July, August. (615.)

AcTINELLA Ricuarpsoni, Nutt. Caulescent, puberulent; stems 3-17
high from a perennial somewhat woody branching caudex, leafy; leaves
3-6’ long; pinnately or irregularly parted into a few long narrowly-linear
divisions ; heads on long peduncles, loosely corymbose, 1’ broad ; involucre
much shorter than the disk, the scales in two rows, oblong or ovate, the
outer ones united at the base; rays 8-10, oblong-cuneate; disk-corollas
densely glandular-puberulent ; achenia villous; pappus of 5—7 ovate acumin-
ate or awned scales.—Saskatchewan to Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona.
West base of the East Humboldt Mountains; 6,000 feet; August. (616.)

Var. canescens. Whitish with a soft tomentum; stems a span high or
less, bearing 1-3 rather large heads; disk-flowers somewhat elongated ;
scales of the pappus acute, nearly or quite awnless.—On a peak in the East
Humboldt Mountains; 9,000 feet altitude; August. (617.)

HeELenium autumnate, L. North America, from Hudson’s Bay to
Florida and California. Valleys of Northeastern Nevada; 6,000 feet eleva-
tion; August, September. (618.) A form with narrower and rigid leaves,
the whole plant minutely scabrous, is the same as Lindheimer’s 645, and was
found at the mouth of American Fork Cafion, th the Wahsatch, at 5,000
feet elevation. (619.)

Hetenium Hoopes, Gray. Proc. Acad. Phil., March, 1863, p.65. Stem
stout, somewhat tomentose, 14-2° high; leaves pale-glaucous, thickish,
punctate, smooth or slightly pubescent, entire; radical ones spatulate, nar-
rowed into a short and broad-winged petiole, often very large ; cauline ones
oblong-lanceolate, semi-amplexicaul ; heads 3-6, very large, 2-3’ broad, long-
peduncled ; involucres whitish-tomentose, the scales oblong-lanceolate; rays
15-20, (20-30, Gray,) usually saffron-yellow, lanceolate-spatulate; pappus
of lanceolate-subulate obscurely nerved scales, as long as the villous achenium.
176 BOTANY.

—New Mexico (Parry ;) Qolorado, (272 Hall & Harbour; 286 Vasey,) and
California, (1902 Brewer; 6157 Bolander.) Ona high divide in the East
Humboldt Mountains, and in Bear River Cation, Uintas ; 8,000 feet altitude ;
July, August. The Nevada plant has smaller leaves and more numerous
heads with paler rays than the specimens from Utah and Colorado. - (620.)

Rigiorappus! Leprociapus, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad., 6.548. Plant
5-10’ high; a single head terminates the stem, and just below this there
rise several simple branches, with heads considerably overtopping the first
one; leaves 3-12” long, 4-4” wide; heads broadly obconic, about 4” long
and as many broad at the top—Oregon, (Dr. Lyall;) Russian River Valley,
California, (4678 Bolander ;) Carson City, (Anderson.) Foothills of the
Pah-Ute and Havallah Ranges, Nevada; 5,500 feet elevation; June. (621.)

BLEPHARIPAPPUS? SCABER, Hook. Stem 6-8’ high; leaves 3-4’ long,
4’ wide.—The ray-flowers are sometimes furnished with abortive or rudimen-
tary stamens, as in several other genera. Oregon, east of Walla-Walla;
Carson City, Nevada, (71 Anderson !)

Layia*® exanputosa, H. & A. Erect, usually branched from the base

 

1RIGIOPAPPUS, Gray, 1. c. “Heads many-flowered, radiate; rays 5-8, pistillate, fertile, the
ligule small and slightly longer than the disk; disk-flowers perfect, the corolla narrowly tubular, 3-4-
toothed, the teeth very short. Involucre in two series, shorter than the florets, of subulate-linear rigid
scales resembling the leaves of the branchlets. Receptacle flat, naked. Branches of the style in the
perfect flowers with the stigmatic portion short, smooth and flattened, and produced into a slender subu-
late somewhat hispid appendage. Achenia slender, linear, compressed, hispidulous, wrinkled transversely.
Pappus simple, of 4-5 rigid somewhat horny narrowly subulate awn-like scales, longer than the corolla,
but shorter than the achenium.—An annual slender puberulent herb, with alternate linear leaves ;
flowering branches few, filiform, rising from the top of a simple stem, leafless below, and bearing single
heads ; flowers yellowish or white.”

* BLEPHARIPAPPUS, Hook. Heads, few-flowered, radiate; rays about 3, pistillate, the ligules
broadly wedged-shaped, 3~5-lobed nearly to the short glandular tube; disk-flowers 7-9, perfect, only
the outer ones fertile, proper tube of the corolla short, the throat funnel-shaped, and the border 5-toothed.
Involucre of 6-8 elliptical-oblong, subequal scales, membranous on the involute margin and glandular on
the back, concave. Receptacle small, bearing a few very delicate scales partly embracing the fertile
disk-achenia. Style of the disk-flowers hairy, the glabrous obtuse branches extremely short, stigmatic
to the summit. Achenia villous, oblong-obconic. Pappus of 12-20 narrow hyaline pectinately ciliate
scales, much shorter than the corolla.—A slender annual, nearly smooth below, the corymbose branchlets
glandular-viscid, the leaves narrowly linear, obtuse, entire, scabrous, and the heads of white flowers
about 4” long and nearly as broad. ‘

S5LAYIA, Hoox. & ARN. Gray. Pl. Fendl., 103. Heads many-flowered, radiate; rays 10-15, pistil-
late, fertile; the ligule dilated-cuneate, 2-3-toothed; disk-flowers tubular, perfect, the corolla with a
short proper tube, funncl-shaped above and 5-toothed. Involucre ina single series, or with a few outer
foliaceous bracts; the scales oblong-linear, more or less hispid, foliaceous above, the base with membrane-
ous margins, involute and enclosing the ray-achenia, Receptacle flat, chaffy throughout or near the
margin only. Branches of the style in the disk-flowers filiform-subulate, hairy above, at length exserted
and recurved. Achenia of the ray glabrous, oblong or obovate, obcompressed, (i. €, parallel to the invol-

ueral seales,) with a very small epigynous disk but no pappus. Achevia of the disk similar or nar-
rower and sub-clavate, and villous-pubescent; pappus sometimes wanting, but u

Ow sually present and con-
sisting of several ovate-lanceolate scales or setiform awns, villous or ]

anate near the base with long soft
CATALOGUE. 177

and somewhat corymbose above, hispid with rigid spreading hairs; the
branchlets, leaves and involucres also sprinkled with stalked blackish glands ;
leaves oblong-linear, about 1’ long, obtuse, entire ; heads 1’ or more broad; rays
8-12, white, 3-lobed at the end; pappus very white, awns about 10, as long
as the achenium and one-half longer than the copious spreading hairs at
their base——Plant 4-10’ high; disk-achenia villous with appressed hairs.
Oregon and California ; Western Nevada, (Bloomer! Anderson!) Valley of
Salt Lake, (Stansbury.) Valleys and foot-hills throughout Nevada, and east-
ward to the Wahsatch; 4,200-6,500 feet elevation; AprilJuly. (622.)

Layia nererorricua, H. & A. Much like the last, but commonly a
larger plant, 10-15’ high; the pubescence shorter and harsher, the blackish
glands sometimes very few; leaves larger (1-2' long) and often toothed,
especially the lower ones; rays yellowish-white, 8-12, broadly wedge-shaped
and 3-cleft at the apex; achenium and pappus as in the last—California.
Western Nevada to Salt Lake City, 4,500-6,000 feet elevation; April-
June. (623.)

Hemizonta’ Douranpi, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad. 6. 549. A small
hispid branching annual, 3-6’ high; leaves mostly opposite, narrowly linear,
3-6” long, sessile; heads very small, (12” long,) short-peduncled ; involucre
globose-pyriform, of 5 glandular-hispid concave and convolute scales, which
enclose the ray-achenia; ligules broadly cuneate, 3-lobed; disk-flowers 1 or
2, enclosed in the half-united chaff; ray-achenia arcuate-gibbous, with a very
short inflexed beak; disk-achenia straight, oblong-clavate, hairy; pappus
none.—California, (Pratten, Rattan!) Washoe County, Nevada, (Stretch.)

 

hairs, or ciliate-setigerous, rarely naked—Annual or biennial herbs of California, etc., glabrous, or
mostly hairy or glandular, the opposite or alternate leaves usually pinnately cleft or lobed, the upper ones
entire. Heads rather large and showy, the rays white or yellow ; anthers dark-colored. The Utah and
Nevada species both belong to the section MaparoGLossa, which has the awns of the pappus setiform,
villous-woolly or plumose toward the base, with very long and slender hairs, the receptacle chaffy only
between the outermost disk-flowers and the ray.

1}HEMIZONIA, DC. Heads few—many-flowered, radiate ; rays 4-20, pistillate; ligule 2-3-lobed ;
disk-flowers perfect, usually infertile, the tubular-funnel-shaped corolla 5-toothed. Involucral scales in
one series, concave and partly enclosing the ray-achenia. Receptacle flat, more or less chaffy, the chaff
sometimes united in a cup. Branches of the style linear, in the ray glabrous, in the disk with a very
hispid subulate appendage. Achenia of the ray glabrous, gibbous-incurved, more or less obcompressed,
without pappus; of the disk commonly abortive, oblong, often with a pappus of short lacerate chaffy
scales.—Low Californian annuals, with narrow, usually alternate leaves, and small heads of yellow flowers.
The single;species reported from Nevada is of the section HEMIZONELLA, Gray, l. c—Rays 4-5, the ligule
very small, scarcely longer than the style.. Disk-flower single, or at most 2, enclosed in a 3-5-toothed
cup, formed of the united chaff of the receptacle; achenia all fertile, those of the ray somewhat obcom:
pressed, incurved-gibbous, of the disk straight.

23
178 BOTANY.

LAGOPHYLLA! Ramosissima, Nutt. Stems 38 12’ high, at first softly
pubescent or villous, as are the leaves and involucre, at length smooth and
much-branched; primary leaves oblong-spatulate, the lowest ones opposite,
petioled, denticulate, caducous, the upper ones alternate and sessile, later
ones linear-oblong and passing into bracts appressed to the involucre ; invol-
ucre 5-leaved, the scales flat on the back, the edges infolded and meeting,
completely enclosing the fertile achenia; rays very short, cuneate, 3-cleft ;
receptacle with 5 subfoliaceous scales surrounding the 5-6 perfect but
infertile disk-flowers ; achenia smooth; pappus none.—Oregon and California.
Foothills of the West Humboldt Mountains and Havallah Range, Nevada ;
55,500 feet elevation; June-September. (624.)

Maparta® ELEGANS, DC. Everywhere hispid, many of the hairs gland-
uliferous; stem 1-3° high, branching; leaves 1-3’ long, 2-3” wide, closely
sessile. Var. coryMBosa has the leaves hispid but glandless.—Both forms
are common in Oregon and California, and were also collected near Carson
City, Nevada, by Dr. Anderson.

Mavia? racemosa, T. & G. Stems strict, 6’-2° high, afterward
branched above, hirsute, as are the oblong-linear leaves; the branchlets,
uppermost leaves and the involucres glandular also; heads racemose on the
branches ; ray-achenia flat, those of the disk somewhat angled on the sides.—
Leaves 1-3’ long, 2-4” wide. Washington Territory to California; Virginia
City, (Bloomer.) From Western Nevada to the East Humboldt Mountains;
5-7,000 feet elevation; June-September. (625.)

 

1LAGOPHYLLA, Nurr. Genus very near to Hemizonia, and distinguished from it only by the less
convex involucral scales, completely enclosing the fertile achenia, which are truly obcompressed, nearly
flat on the back and slightly carinate on the inner face; a distinction which will scarcely be con-
sidered sufficient. There are three reputed species, all found west of the Rocky Mountains.

?MADARIA, DC. Heads many-flowered; rays 10-20, pistillate, fertile, ligules 2-3 times as long as
the involucre, cuneate, 3-cleft; disk-flowers perfect but infertile; the corollas tubular-funnel-shaped,
5-toothed. Involucre sub-globose, the scales as many as the rays, incurved, conduplicate, and enclosing
the fertile achenia. Receptacle convex, villous, the margin furnished with 1-2 rows of chaffy scales
inside of the rays. Branchesof the style in the disk-flowers with lanceolate hispid appendages. Achenia
compressed, somewhat incurved, the back thicker than the inner edge, broader towards the top, destitute
of pappus.—Annual herbs of California, etc., everywhere hairy and often furnished with minute stalked
glands ; leaves linear or lanceolate ; heads showy, 12-15” broad, the rays yellow, sometimes purple-spotted
at the base. .

®MADIA, Motmna. Heads few—many-flowered ; rays 5-12, pistillate, fertile, the ligule slightly ex-
serted and 3-cleft; disk-flowers perfect, fertile, the corollas tubular, 5-toothed. Receptacle flat, smooth,
and bearing 1-2 series of chaffy scales inside the ray-flowers, usually somewhat united. Style of the
disk-flowers with lanceolate acute branches, minutely hispid on the margins. Achenia of the ray oblong-
obovate, slightly incurved, compressed, the sides usually somewhat angled; of the disk straight, com-
pressed, not angled. Pappus none.—Annuals or biennials of Western America, with the aspect ot
Madaria, and similar hirsute and often glandular stems, leaves and involucre ; tho rays less showy.
CATALOGUE. 179

Amma uirsuta, Nutt. Hirsute with both short appressed and long
spreading hairs, as well as more or less beset with stalked glands; stem
10-18" high, leafy; leaves about 2’ long, 1-2” broad; heads somewhat
corymbed at the top of the stem.—Said to be a stouter plant than A. gracilis,
and with broader and more carinate involucral scales, but there is probably
but one species, and that should properly be reduced to Madia, where Hooker
originally put it. Saskatchewan to Oregon and Colorado, (Parry in 1864,
and 364 Vasey.) Parley’s Park in the Wahsatch; 6,000 feet elevation ;
July. (626.)

Maruta Coruta, DC. A European weed, now naturalized throughout
the United States ; also in Canada and parts of South America. Roadsides
in Central Nevada; 5,000 feet elevation. (627.)

Acaittea Miuurronium, L. Throughout North America, Europe, and
Northern Asia; Mount Davidson, (Bloomer!) Truckee Valley, and on the
Havallah, East Humboldt, and Clover Mountains, Nevada, from the base to
the peaks, and common in the Wahsatch and Uintas; 4-10,000 feet alti-
tude. (628.)

Var. rosra, T. & G., was found along stream-banks in and near Parley’s
Park, Utah, but was not seen in Nevada. (629.)

Marricaria DiscoripeA, DC. California to Alaska and Eastern Asia.
Naturalized near St. Louis, and introduced into Europe. Foot-hills of the
Trinity Mountains, Nevada, and in Jordan Valley, Utah; May. Prof. Brewer
states that this isa great remedy for fever and ague with the native Cali-
fornians. (630.)

TANACETUM CAaNUM. Suffruticose, minutely tomentose-canescent; stems
8-10’ high, branched below, leafy to the top; leaves 6-12” long, 1-14” wide,
sessile, linear-obovate, simple or 3-cleft at the apex; heads congested in
small terminal corymbs, sub-globose; involucre cup-shaped, of about 12 oval
or ovate scarious-margined concave scales in two rows; receptacle conical ;
florets about 100, all apparently fertile (?); 4-8 of the outer ones pistillate
only, and with the truncated corolla contracted and pubescent at the top, the

 

»AMIDA, Nutr. Heads 2-6-flowered; rays often none, but sometimes one or two, pistillate and
fertile, with a very small cuneate 3-lobed corolla; the other flowers tubular, perfect and fertile; corolla
slightly expanded upwards, pubescent, 5-toothed. Involucre obovate-oblong, few-bracted, the scales
concave, carinate, as many as the flowers, and each enclosing an achenium. Receptacle small, naked.
Achenia oblong-obovate, incurved, compressed, slightly angled on the sides, smooth and black, without
pappus.—Slender hirsute annuals of Western North America, with the habit and most of the charac-
ters of Madia ; leaves sessile, linear, entire; heads in small terminal or axillary clusters.
180 BOTANY.

branches of the style exserted and slightly recurved ; remaining florets per-
fect, corolla 5-toothed, branches of the style included, truncate and with a
few ciliz at the middle of the ends; immature achenia oblong-top-shaped ;
pappus none.—With much the appearance of Artemisia cana, but the broad-
topped achenia are characteristic of Tanacetum. Whether this is to be re-
ferred to the section Spheromeria or not, must be decided by the examina-
tion of maturer specimens. Limestone rocks at the mouth of a cafion in the
East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 6,500 feet elevation; July. Pats
XIX. Fig. 8. Portion ofa plant; natural size. Fig. 9. Receptacle. Fig.
10. Involucral scale; each enlarged four diameters. Fig. 11. Outer pistillate
fertile flower. Fig.12. Inner perfect flower; each enlarged eight diameters.
Fig. 13. Style of perfect flower. Fig. 14. Stamen; each enlarged twelve
diameters. (631.)

TANACETUM DIVERSIFOLIUM. Suffruticose, glabrous, branched from the
base ; branches 8-15’ high, leafy to the top; leaves 1-2 long, 4-1” wide,
sessile, narrowly linear, 1-nerved, or pinnatifid with 1-4 linear-oblong
1-nerved divisions; heads small, sub-globose, congested or laxly disposed in
terminal corymbs; peduncles and involucres puberulent, the latter cup-shaped,
of 12-15 oval scarious-margined concave scales; receptacle conical; florets
60-70; outer pistillate ones 8-10, with a 3-4-lobed corolla a little shorter
than the style; inner perfect ones, 5-lobed branches of the style very mi-
nutely penicillate at the broad truncate extremities; achenia oblong, crowned
with a slightly elevated ring—A dense much-branched plant, shrubby at the
base, in habit not unlike some narrow-leaved Linosyris. Central flowers
with a rudimentary seed, but possibly infertile. Cafions of Cottonwood
Creek and American Fork, in the Wahsatch; 6,000 feet elevation; July,
August. Pare XIX. Fig. 1. A single stem; natural size. Fig.2. Recep-
tacle. Fig.3. Involucral scale; each enlarged four times. Fig. 4. An
outer pistillate fertile flower. Fig.5. An inner perfect flower; each enlarged
eight times. Fig. 6. Stamen. Fig. 7. Style of inner flower; each enlarged
twelve times. (682.)

ARTEMISIA SPINESCENS. (Picrothamnus desertorum, Nutt.) Low, fru-
tescent, densely-branched, white-tomentose ; leaves scarcely 8” long, pedately
3—5-parted, the divisions 3-lobed, lobes oblong; heads rather small, globose,
in short axillary racemes or spikes, the rachis persistent 2-3 years and spin-
escent ; involucral scales 5-6, obovate, obtuse, concave; receptacle small,
ra
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15-21. ARTEMISIA SPINESCENS.

8-14 T.CANUM .

+7. TANACETUM DIVERSIFOLIUM .
CATALOGUE. 181

naked; florets densely woolly, the 1-4 outer ones pistillate and fertile, having
short truncate obscurely 2—3-toothed corollas, branches of the style exserted,
smooth ; achenia oblong-obovate ; inner florets 4—8, perfect but sterile, corollas
inflated-funnel-form, 5-toothed, styles undivided, expanded and _ radiately
penicillate at the summit.—Plant 4-18’ high, very bitter to the taste. North
sources of the Platte, (Nuttall;) Laramie plains, in alkali-flats, (D. C. E.)
Abundant in the valleys of Nevada, and also collected on the islands of Great
Salt Lake; June. There is no good reason why this should not be an
Artemisia, of the section Dracunculus ; the style of the sterile florets is pre-
cisely that of A. borealis, caudata, etc., and the other characters are not dis-
cordant with the genus. Prats XIX. Fig. 15. A branchlet; natural size.
Fig. 16. A leaf; enlarged two diameters. Fig. 17. An involucral scale;
enlarged four diameters. Fig.18. An outer pistillate fertile floret. Fig. 19.
An inner perfect but sterile floret; each enlarged eight diameters. Fig. 20.
Astamen. Fig.21. The style of a perfect floret; each enlarged twelve
diameters. (633.)

ARTEMISIA DRACUNCULOIDES, Pursh. Saskatchewan to California, and
Texas; eastward to Illinois. Common throughout Nevada, mostly in the
valleys and lower cafions, and collected at the City of Rocks in Southeastern
Idaho; August—October. (634.)

ARTEMISIA FILIFOLIA, Torr. Stems 1-3° high, with slender virgate
panicled branches; leaves 1-2’ long, whitish-tomentose, becoming smooth,
filiform with revolute edges, the lower ones mostly 3-parted; heads in dense
leafy panicles, very small, tomentose, 3-5-flowered ; two florets pistillate and
fertile, with short truncate corollas, the rest perfect but sterile, the corollas
funnel-form, 5-toothed; styles as in A. spinescens, etc.—Colorado and the
plains of the Upper Platte, extending to New Mexico and Arizona. Green
River, Utah, (Gunnison.)

ARTEMISIA TRIDENTATA, Nutt. Shrubby, 1-6° high, much-branched,
branches spreading; leaves crowded, cuneate-oblong, 6-12’ long, usually
3-toothed at the apex, the teeth short and obtuse ; those of the dense com-
pound leafy panicles linear and entire ; all finely tomentose-canescent like the
branchlets; heads obovoid, 5—6-flowered ; outer involucral scales tomentose,
very short; inner ones longer, scarious; florets all perfect and fertile ; co-
rollas funnel-form, 5-toothed, the proper tube very short; styles 2-cleft, the
branches widened slightly upward, truncate and somewhat penicillate—A
182 BOTANY.

pale greenish shrub, with ragged fibrous bark and a strong aromatic smell,
the “ sage-brush” of the ‘West, covering hundreds of square miles in the
plains and on the foot-hills of Nevada and Utah, found more sparingly in the
mountains to their summits, and extending from Oregon to Arizona, and as
far east as the mountains of Colorado; 410,000 feet altitude; Septem-
ber. (685.)

ARTEMISIA ARBUSCULA, Nutt. Dwarf, shrubby, canescent; stems 3-6’
high; leaves narrowly cuneate, 4-5” long, deeply 3-cleft, the side divisions
often 2-3-lobed ; heads ovoid, sessile singly or in small clusters along a sim-
ple or sparingly-branched rachis; involucre of oval tomentose imbricated
scales, the outer ones shortest, inner more scarious ; florets about 8, all per-
fect and fertile, the corollas a little more slender than in the last, and the
styles similar—Arid plains of Snake River, (Nuttall ;) Colorado, (Vasey,
308.) On a peak in the East Humboldt Mountains ; 9,000 feet elevation ;
August. (636.)

ARTEMISIA TRIFIDA, Nutt. Shrubby, 6-18’ high, canescent; leaves
narrowly cuneate, 3- or rarely 4-5-cleft, the lobes linear or oblong, obtuse ;
heads narrowly obovoid, arranged in small peduncled clusters forming a nar-
row elongated panicle; involucral scales imbricated; the outer scales oval,
tomentose ; inner ones obovate, scarious ; florets about 3, all perfect and fer-
tile ; corollas and styles as in the last—A taller and more slender plant than
A. arbuscula, with more compound inflorescence, narrower heads, and fewer
florets—3 in all the heads examined, though said to be 8 by Torrey and
Gray; possibly a misprint; for Nuttall says of A. arbuscula, “ Capituli twice
as large” as in A. ¢trifida. Washington Territory; Oregon and California.
Scattered throughout Northern Nevada, often in company with A. tridentata,
which it greatly resembles in habit, though smaller, and sometimes itself
covering large areas ; 5-8,000 feet elevation ; August, September. (637.)

ARTEMISIA POTENTILLOIWES, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad., 6. 551. Silky-
canescent, many-stemmed from a perennial woody caudex ; stems herbaceous ;
9-12’ high; radical and lower leaves 2-3’ long, 2—3-pinnately cleft, the nu-
merous linear divisions 2-4” long and $” wide; upper leaves gradually
smaller, simply pinnatifid with linear obovate divisions; uppermost simple and
bract-like ; heads 3-6, corymbose, hemispherical, 3-4” broad ; involucre cup-
shaped, of about 10 equal obovate scales with hyaline edges; receptacle con-
vex, very hirsute; florets exceedingly numerous, all alike, perfect and fertile;
CATALOGUE. 183

corollas obconic; branches of the style truncate and penicillate—Carson
City, (Anderson, 229!) In the very hirsute receptacle this plant recedes
from the character of Seriphidium, in which section it is placed by Dr. Gray.
The filaments are considerably dilated just below the anthers, as if ‘the con-
nective were produced below the anther-cells.

ARTEMISIA DISCOLOR, Dougl. Suffruticose; stems 1—2° high, glabrous,
simple below; leaves 1-3’ long, mostly smooth above, beneath paler and
webby tomentose, pinnately lobed with lanceolate pointed entire or sparingly
toothed segments, the edges revolute; heads sub-globose, 14-2” broad, dis-
posed in an elongated virgate raceme or strict panicle; involucre at first to-
mentose, cup-shaped ; the outer scales ovate; inner ones oval, with hyaline
ciliate-fringed margins ; receptacle smooth; florets numerous; a few of the
outer ones pistillate, fertile, with very slender corollas, and smooth branches
of the style; the rest perfect, fertile, with funnel-form corollas, and trun-
cate penicillate styles—Subarctic America and the Saskatchewan, to Ore-
gon, California, and New Mexico. East and West Humboldt Mountains,
Nevada, and in the Wahsatch -near Parley’s Park; 7-9,000 feet altitude;
July-September. (638.)

Artemisia Lupovicrana, Nutt. Saskatchewan to Oregon, California,
and Arizona, and eastward as far as Illinois and Michigan, appearing under
a great variety of forms. Common throughout Nevada and Utah, but con-
fined to the stream-banks and valleys, at 4~6,500 feet elevation ; August—
October. The specimens collected illustrate three principal forms, viz :—

Var. Douezastana. (A. Douglasiana, T. & G.) White-tomentose
throughout; leaves long-lanceolate, acute, entire; panicle ample; heads
rather large. (639.)

Var. tatirotia, T.& G. Tomentose-canescent ; leaves elliptical-lance-
olate, rather short; heads middle-sized. (640.)

Var, LaTiLoBa, Nutt. Leaves mostly pinnatifid or trifid, the lobes and
the upper leaves broadly lanceolate ; the upper surface commonly less tom-
entose than the lower, or even becoming smooth; heads middle-sized or
rather large. (641.) :

ARTEMISIA BiENNIS, Willd. Northern British America to Ohio, and
westward to California; now naturalized about Buffalo, Philadelphia, and
Staten Island, N. Y. Common in the mountain cafions of Nevada; 5-6,000
feet elevation; September. (642.)
184 BOTANY.

ARTEMISIA FRIGIDA, Willd. Wisconsin to the Saskatchewan and Wash-
ington Territory, and along the mountains eastward to New Mexico. East
Humboldt Mountains, on a ridge 8,000 feet high, and in the Bear River
bottom near Evanston, at 6,000 feet elevation; July, August. (643.)

ARTEMISIA scopuLoRUM, Gray. Proc. Acad. Phila., March, 1863, p. 66.
Czespitose ; caudex creeping, scaly with vestiges of former leaves; stems
3-8’ high, simple; leaves, like the stem, silky-hairy ; the radical ones 1-2/
long, bipinnately cleft into a few very narrow linear divisions ; upper ones
gradually smaller and simpler, passing into linear bracts ; heads hemispher-
ical, 2-3" broad, short-stalked, forming a spike or raceme interrupted be-
low ; involucral scales oval, villous on the back, and having a broad scarious
dark-brown or blackish border; receptacle very villous with hairs as long
as the florets; florets 18~30; avery few of the outer ones with imperfect
corollas, pistillate, fertile; the others perfect and fertile, with funnel-form
corollas.—Colorado, (41 Parry in 1862, 299 Hall & Harbour, 313 Vasey.)
Uinta Mountains, Bear River Cafion, in a rocky gorge and by an alpine lake ;
10-12,000 feet altitude; August. (644.)

GNAPHALIUM LUTEO-ALBUM, L., Var. Sprencetu. (G. Sprengelii, Hook.
& Arn.) Annual, whitened with loose wool; stems 630’ high, simple below,
corymbose with long branches toward the summit, (sometimes unbranched ;)
leaves slightly decurrent ; lower ones 2-3’ long, linear spatulate, obtuse ;
upper ones linear-lanceolate, acute ; heads clustered ; involucral scales shin-
ing, yellowish-white, scarious, oblong-ovate, rather obtuse ; pistillate florets
very numerous, in several rows outside of the perfect ones; achenia 4 larger
and smoother than in the European plant.—Oregon and California, to New
Mexico and Texas. Banks of the Truckee River and in Humboldt Pass,
Nevada, and by a ditch in a meadow in Utah Valley; 4—6,000 feet elevation;
August, September. (645.)

GNAPHALIUM PALUSTRE, Nutt. Low, 1-9 high, white-floccose; stems
several or many, from an annual fibrous root, ascending, branched; leaves
spatulate-oblong or oblong-linear, 8-12” long, 2-2” broad, the lower ones
narrowed at the base ; heads in small very woolly and leafy terminal and axil-
lary clusters ; involucral scales linear, rather obtuse, the base greenish, hid-
den in wool, the upper part scarious, white or brownish-white ; florets nu-
merous, a few only of the central ones perfect; achenia smooth or very
minutely scabrous.-—-Oregon and California to Wyoming and New Mexico ;
CATALOGUE. 185

Virginia City, (Bloomer.) Common in wet places throughout Nevada, and
probably through Utah, though collected only in Parley’s Park; 4-8,500
feet elevation; June-September. Very much like the Eastern G. ulig-
émosum, but has broader leaves and is more densely woolly. (646.)

ANTENNARIA MARGARITACEA, R. Br. Canada and Newfoundland, south-
ward along the Alleghanies, and westward to Alaska, Oregon, and Califor-
nia. Cottonwood Cation in the Wahsatch; 6,000 feet elevation; July. (647.)

ANTENNARIA Carpatuica, R. Br. Czespitose; stems simple, the ster-
ile ones not stoloniferous ; radical leaves narrowly oblanceolate, acute, 3-
nerved, villous-tomentose on both surfaces; upper leaves gradually smaller ;
heads in a capitate terminal corymb; involucre woolly at the base, the scales
brownish, with paler crisped and scarious shining tips, more acute in the
fertile than in the sterile heads.—Arctic America to Labrador and the Sas-
katchewan. Wet mountain-side in the Havallah range, Nevada; 7,000 feet
elevation; June. Plant usually 4-6’ high. (648.)

Var. PULCHERRIMA, Hook. Considerably taller than the typical form,
(9-8' high,) silvery-tomentose ; corymb rather lax; involucral scales of
firmer texture, the tips white, not crisped—Swamps among the Rocky
Mountains of British America; Colorado, (Hall & Harbour.) East Hum-
boldt and Clover Mountains, Nevada; 9-9,500 feet elevation; August, Sep-
tember. (649.)

ANTENNARIA ALPINA, Geertn. Ceespitose, producing stoloniferous flower-
less stems; flowering stems 2-8’ high, simple; leaves 6-9” long, white-
tomentose, the radical ones spatulate, the cauline linear; heads 3~7, nearly
sessile in capitate clusters; involucre somewhat woolly at the base, the scales
olivaceous with paler and erosely-denticulate narrowed tips, rather obtuse in
the sterile heads, but acute in the fertile; pappus of the sterile flowers
strongly clavate——Arctic America to Labrador, Alaska, California, and Col-
orado; Greenland, Norway, &c., but not in the Alps. East Humboldt
Mountains, and at the head of Bear River in the Uintas, often by the shores
of small lakes; 9-10,000 feet elevation; August. (650.)

ANTENNARIA pIOIcA, Gertn. In habit very similar to the last, but the
leaves sometimes becoming smoothish on the upper surface, clusters more
lax, and heads often more numerous; involucral scales broader and firmer,

the lips ochroleucous or white, but varying to rose color and to olivaceous ;
24
186 BOTANY.

outer scales very obtuse, the innermost narrower and rather acute.—Arctic
America, and from Newfoundland and Labrador to California ; mountainous
parts of Europe and Northern Asia. In Nevada and Utah, from the Haval-
lah Mountains to the Uintas; 6,000-10,000 feet elevation. (651;) and Var.
ROSEA, (652.)

ANTENNARIA DimorPHA, T. & G. Dwarf, cespitose; stems 3-2’ high
from a somewhat woody entangled caudex; leaves 2~12" long, silvery-
tomentose; the radical spatulate, their bases inclosing large ovoid-fusiform
white-woolly leaf-buds; stem-leaves linear, the uppermost exceeding the
solitary top-shaped heads; sterile heads with ovate-lanceolate scarious brown-
ish involucral scales, the outer ones shorter and woolly at the base, pappus
strongly barbellate toward the ends; fertile heads larger, the inner involu-
cral scales lanceolate-acuminate, equaling the very slender and nearly
smooth sete of the pappus.—Two forms occur :—

Var. Nurrauyu. Stems 4-6” high; leaves proportionately small; fer-
tile heads 3-4” long; styles slightly exserted. (653.)

Var. MACROCEPHALA. Stems 8-15” high; leaves often 1’ long, very
silky, and the pod-like buds very large; fertile heads 7-9" long; styles
sometimes exserted, but often only half as long as the corolla. (654.)
Both forms occur on the foot-hills from the Sierras to the Wahsatch, at
4,500-6,000 feet elevation; May, June. The smaller form was collected
near Virginia City by Bloomer, and in the Black Hills of the Platte by
Nuttall.

ARNICA LONGIFOLIA. Many-stemmed from a scaly caudex, minutely
scabrous-puberulent; leaves in 5-6 pairs, elongated, lanceolate, acuminate, .
denticulate, the upper pairs sessile and slightly connate-amplexicaul, the
lower with sheathing connate petioles; heads 1-8, commonly 5, not
large; involucral scales lanceolate, acute; achenia minutely glandular, but
not hispid —Stems 14-24’ high; leaves 5-6’ long, 7-10" broad, the very
lowest reduced to ocreate scales. In dense clumps among rocks, Clover
Mountains, Nevada, and in the Uintas above Bear River Cafion; 10,000 feet
altitude; August, September. (655.)

ARNICA ANGUSTIFOLIA, Vahl. Hirsute or hairy; leaves lanceolate, 3-5-
ribbed, entire or remotely denticulate, radical ones and the lowest pair taper-
ing into short petioles; cauline in 1-3 pairs, sessile; heads 1-3; involucre
villous-hirsute, [woolly, 7. § G.;] achenia hirsute—Arctic America and
CATALOGUE. 187

Greenland, and from Labrador to Alaska, and southward to Colorado and
California. Havallah range, Nevada; 5,000 feet elevation; June. (656.)

Aryica Cramissonis, Lessing. THirsute-canescent; leaves oblong-lance-
olate, acute or rather obtuse, entire, rarely slightly denticulate, 3-5-nerved ;
radical and lower cauline ones narrowed into short petioles, the rest (2-6
pairs) sessile ; heads smaller than in the last; involucres finely villous-pubes-
cent; achenia minutely hirsute—Very near the last, into which Dr. Gray
(Pl. Hall § Harbour, p 68) admits that it passes, but it is more leafy, and
the leaves are paler or somewhat canescent. Both these species are united
with A. montana in Dr. Hooker's “ Distribution of Arctic Plants.” Sub-
arctic America and Alaska to the: Saskatchewan; Oregon; California and
Colorado; Carson City, Anderson. On the Truckee River, Nevada, and in
Parley’s Park and Bear River Cafion, Utah; 4-8,000 feet elevation ;
July. (657.)

Arnica MOLLIS, Hook. Mountains of New Hampshire and Northern
New York; Lake Superior, and Rocky Mountains of British America to
Colorado and California. A. amplexicaulis, Nutt., from Oregon differs in
scarcely any respect. Hast Humboldt Mountains and Uintas, 6,500-10,000
feet elevation; July, August. (658.) .

Arnica LATIFOLIA, Bongard. Slightly hirsute-pubescent; stems nearly
1° high from a slender, creeping caudex; leaves thin, ovate, acute, coarsely
and sharply toothed; the radical on long slender petioles ; the cauline in 2-3
pairs, all but the lowest closely sessile by a cordate base; heads solitary, or
with 1-2 additional ones from the uppermost axils; involucre hairy at the
base, glandular above, the scales lanceolate, acute; achenia nearly smooth.-—
Alaska to Oregon, California, Utah, and the mountains of Colorado. Wah-
satch Mountains ; 9—9,500 feet elevation; July. (659.)

Arnica corpiroLiA, Hook. Woolly-pubescent, in age becoming nearly
smooth; caudex slender, creeping; stems 6-14’ high; leaves thin, ovate,
entire, denticulate or even sharply toothed; the radical ones roundish,
deeply cordate, obtuse, on slender petioles; the cauline in 1-3 pairs, on
shorter petioles, less deeply cordate and more acute; the highest pair sessile;
heads 1-8, on long peduncles, rather large; involucres villous-pubescent, the
scales lanceolate, acute ; achenia hirsute-pubescent.—Saskatchewan to Oregon
and Colorado; California, (Var. discoidea, Gray.) Frequent in the East
188 BOTANY.

Humboldt and Clover Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch and Uintas;
7-10,500 feet elevation; June-September. (660.)

Senecio LuGENs, Richardson. Perennial, white-tomentose, deciduously
lanate, or nearly smooth; stems 6’-2° high, often several from one root;
leaves toothed or denticulate with gland-tipped teeth, sometimes entire, ob-
scurely veined, 2-5’ long, 6-12” wide; the radical obovate or spatulate,
obtuse, narrowed into a petiole; the cauline sessile and partly clasping, grad-
ually becoming lanceolate and passing into subulate bracts ; corymb open or
dense; heads rather large; involucre with a few bractlets at the base, (calyc-
ulate,) the scales linear-lanceolate, acute, the tips usually blackish and seem-
ingly withering, (sphacelate;) rays 10-12, twice as long as the involucre ;
achenia glabrous.—Occurring in one form or another from Arctic America to
Oregon and California, and eastward to the Saskatchewan and the mountains
of Colorado. Referred to the European and Asiatic S. campestris, DC., hy
Dr. Hooker. The numerous specimens examined may be arranged in three
leading forms or varieties :—

Var. Hooxeri. (S. dugens, Hook. Fv. Bor. Am., 1. 332, ¢.114.) ‘“ De-
ciduously tomentose or naked, simple; leaves entire, glandular toothed ; rad-
ical oblong-subspatulate, cauline lanceolate, acute, somewhat clasping; corymb
dense ; scales of the involucre conspicuously sphacelate.” Hook, 7. c—Varies
with the leaves broader or narrower, and the corymb more lax and open.
Hall & Harbour’s 316 and Bolander’s 5063 represent this form. From the
vicinity of Salt Lake City to the Uintas near Bear River, frequent; 4,500-
10,000 feet elevation; May—August. (661.)

Var. Parryt. Nearly glabrous, though at first slightly webby; leaves
mostly not toothed, rather broad; involucral scales scarcely or not at all
blackened at the tips—Parry’s 21, Hall & Harbour’s 326, Vasey’s 332, are
examples of this form. Frequent from the base of the Sierras to the East
Humboldt Mountains; 4,500-9,000 feet elevation ; May-August. (662.)

Var. ExaLtatus. Stem and corymb densely webby-tomentose ; leaves
ample, more or less whitened, finely glandular-denticulate or entire ; heads
small, in a dense compound somewhat umbel-like corymb ; scales of the invo-
lucre with a dark mid-vein, and the ends somewhat blackened.—One of the
forms of S. exaltatus, Nutt., fide Gray, Pl. Hail 3; Harbour, p. 64. Colorado,
(Parry, 23! Hall & Harbour, 325! Vasey, 335!) New Mexico, (Fendler.)
CATALOGUE. 189

Uintas, on a ridge above Bear River Cafion; 9,000 feet elevation; Au-
gust. (663.)

SENECIO HYDROPHILUS, Nutt. Perennial, glabrous; stem solitary, sim-
ple, striate, 2-3° high; leaves thickish, broadly lanceolate, acute, entire or
obscurely repand-denticulate, the midrib very broad; lower ones 6-7’ long,
13-2’ broad, narrowed into a short petiole dilated at the base and clasping;
upper ones gradually smaller, sessile, partly clasping ; heads small, in a rather
dense compound nearly naked corymb; involucres obscurely calyculate ; the
scales lanceolate with a minute blackened point; rays small, 3-6; achenia
glabrous—Wyoming and Colorado to California; Valley of Great Salt Lake,
(Stansbury.) Wet meadows in Ruby Valley, Nevada, in Parley’s Park, and
at the head of Echo Cafion in the Wahsatch; 6—7,000 feet elevation ;
July-September. (664.)

SENECIO TRIANGULARIS, Hook. Glabrous; stems 2-4° high, simple,
striate, leafy, 3-4 growing from one root; leaves 3-5’ long, 14-3’ wide,
deltoid-ovate or triangular-lanceolate, sharply and unequally repand-dentate
or cut-toothed, acute, truncate or subcordate at the base, all but the upper-
most on slender, often winged, petioles; heads rather large, 6” long, few in
a loose or sometimes fastigiate corymb; involucres subcylindraceous, with a
few linear-subulate bractlets at the base, the scales about 15, lanceolate with
sphacelate tips; rays 6-9, (10-12, T. & G.,) less than twice as long as the
involucre ; achenia striate, glabrous.—Alaska to California, Saskatchewan and
Colorado. Banks of creeks and wet places, East Humboldt Mountains and
Uintas; 7-8,000 feet elevation; July, August. (665.)

Senecio Anpinus, Nutt. Glabrous; stems many from one root, 2—4°
high, simple, striate, very leafy; leaves 3-5’ long, 8-10” wide, linear-
lanceolate, acute at both ends, serrulate, often sharply so; upper ones sessile ;
lower ones short-petioled ; heads 4” long, very numerous in panicled corymbs ;
involucres calyculate with small subulate bractlets; rays 5-8, disk-flowers
12-20; achenia glabrous.—S. Serra has fewer and larger heads, as in 8. ¢ri-
angularis, and the leaves are sharply serrate with incurved teeth Oregon to
Southern Idaho and “Rocky Mountains at 41°,” (Nuttall!) Near Carson
City, Nevada, (Anderson!) Banks of streams, Havallah and East Humboldt
Mountains, and along the eastern base of the Wahsatch; 5,500-8,000 feet
elevation; June-August. (666.)

Senecio aureus, L. The typical form, with roundish-ovate cordaet
190 BOTANY.

crenately-serrate radical leaves, and the cauline ones lyrate or lanceolate, pin-
nately toothed and cleft. British America, and the Northern United States
to Nevada and California. East Humboldt Mountains; 6,500—9,000 feet ele-
vation; August. (667.)

Var. opovatus, T. & G. Radical leaves roundish-obovate or broadly
spatulate, toothed or serrated—Throughout British America and the United
States to Virginia, and westward to Nevada. Smooth forms; plant rather
low. Pah-Ute range, Ruby Valley, and East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada ;
5-9,000 feet elevation. (668.) Alsoa lanuginous form, mostly taller, 15-20’
high. Wahsatch Mountains; 8,000 feet elevation; June-August. (669.)

Var. BOREALIS, T. & G. Smooth; radical. leaves thickish, obovate or
spatulate, entire or crenulate-toothed at the apex only—Arctic America, and
along the Rocky Mountains to New Mexico. Ruby and Goose Creek Valleys,
Nevada ; 6-6,500 feet elevation ; July-September. (670.)

Var. croceus, Gray. Proc. Acad. Phil, March, 1863, p. 68. Smooth ;
radical leaves roundish-oval, more or less crenately toothed, cauline ample ;
corymb rather compact; rays saffron-yellow.—Mountains of Colorado. City
Creek Cation, Wahsatch, and Bear River Cafion, Uintas; 6-8,000 feet eleva-
tion; May—August. (671.)

Senecio canus, Hook. Whitish-tomentose throughout; stems tufted,
2-12’ high; radical leaves obovate, obtuse, narrowed into short petioles; the
cauline sessile, lanceolate, pinnately cleft, or with a few teeth near the base,
rarely entire; heads rather large, few in a simple corymb; involucre nearly
ecalyculate ; rays 8-12, not twice as long as the involucre ; achenia glabrous.—
Saskatchewan to Oregon and California, the Upper Missouri and Colorado.
Peaks of East Humboldt Mountains, and of the Uintas; 9-12,500 feet
altitude; July, August. Dwarf alpine forms, 2-4’ high, like Brewer’s
1905. (672.)

Var. ERADIATUS. Rays none; radical leaves few-toothed at the apex,
cauline nearly entire—Plant 4’ high. Top of a high peak in the East Hum-
boldt Mountains; 10,000 feet elevation; August. (673.)

Senecio Fenprert, Gray. Pl. Fendi. 108. Perennial, webby-canescent,
at length nearly smooth; stems a foot high or less, solitary or few from a
single tap-root, leafy, corymbose at the summit; leaves obovate-oblong, deeply
lyrate-pinnatifid, the lower and radical ones narrowed into a short wingless
petiole; upper ones sessile; segments cuneate-oblong, numerous, incisely
CATALOGUE. 191

toothed or 2—3-lobed, terminal one on the lower leaves often roundish and
coarsely toothed; heads many in a compound corymb ; involucres bell-shaped,
almost ecalyculate; the scales glabrous, 12-15, 3” long; rays 7-12, 4-5”
long; achenia glabrous—Forms with the leaves less incised approach S.
aureus, and those with much incised leaves resemble S. muitilobatus, but the
plant is smaller, has fewer stems, and is almost always somewhat webby-
tomentose. New Mexico, Utah and Nevada. Frequent from the West to
the East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch and Uintas ;
5-9,000 feet elevation; May—August. (674.)

Senecio muutiLospatus, T.& G. Pl. Fendi. 109. “Annual or biennial,
[and probably sometimes perennial, webby pubescent but] very soon glabrous;
stems very many, a foot high, simple, corymbose at the summit; leaves some-
what fleshy, the primary ones spatulate, often entire; later ones all pinnately
9-21-parted; lower ones long-petioled, the uppermost sessile, the base
scarcely or not at all auriculate ; segments cuneate-oblong, incisely toothed or
2-3-lobed at the apex; corymb dense, the heads numerous; involucre nearly
ecalyculate, of 12-14 scales; rays 5-6, oblong; disk-flowers 20-30; achenia
strigosely puberulent—Abundant on the Uinta River, (Frémont.) Common
on the foot-hills about Salt Lake City and in the lower cafions of the Wab-
satch; also on Antelope Island; 4,500-6,000 feet elevation; June. The
specimens collected were apparently perennial; the rays are 7-8, and the
achenia quite glabrous, and strongly striated lengthwise. The plant grows in
dense clumps. (675.)

Senecio Fiuirotius, Nutt. Perennial, suffruticose, densely webby-
canescent or glabrous; stems a foot or more high, leafy; leaves pinnately
parted, the divisions 3-9, narrowly linear, 6-15” long, 1” wide, the margins
revolute; heads in a terminal corymb, rather large; involucre somewhat
calyculate; rays 7~8, linear, rather long; achenia canescently strigose—
From the Upper Missouri to New Mexico and California. Green River,
Utah, (Stansbury.)

SENECIO EREMOPHILUS, Richardson. Perennial, glabrous; stems striate,
numerous, 2~3° high, corymbosely branching toward the summit, leafy ;
leaves short-petioled, 2-3’ long, 6-12” wide, the lower ones sometimes much
larger, oblong-lanceolate, deeply incised with unequal ovate-lanceolate toothed
segments; heads many, in compound corymbs; involucres cylindrical-bell-
shaped, calyculate with a few long spreading bractlets; scales often black-
192 BOTANY.

tipped and sphacelate; rays 7-9, rather long; achenia striate, glabrous.—
Mackenzie River to the Saskatchewan, and southward to Colorado and New
Mexico. Near Salt Lake City, (Mrs. Carrington, fide Durand.) Cafions of
the Wahsatch and Uintas ; 6-9,000 feet altitude ; July, August. (676.)

Srnecro Fremonru, T. & G. Gray, Proc. Acad. Phil., March, 1863,
p. 67. Perennial, glabrous; stems 1-several, 3-15’ high, leafy to the top;
leaves sessile, oblong or spatulate-obovate, somewhat fleshy, laciniately toothed
or obscurely dentate ; upper ones 9'’-2' long, lower ones gradually smaller ;
heads short-peduncled, erect, solitary or few and corymbose ; involucre bell-
shaped, 4-6” long, scarcely calyculate ; rays 10-16, one-half longer than the
involucre; achenia glabrous, (puberulent, Gray.)—Wyoming and Colorado,
in high alpine regions; also in the Rocky Mountains in 49° north latitude,
(Dr. Lyall.) Cottonwood Cation, Wahsatch, and in the Uintas above Bear
River Cafion; 8-12,000 feet elevation; July, August. Plants much branched
from the base, and with leaves much smaller than those of the Colorado speci-
mens of Parry, Hall & Harbour, &c. (677.)

Senecto AMPLECTENS, Gray. Proc. Acad. Phil., March, 1863, p. 77.
“Deciduously floccose-woolly, soon glabrate; stem 6-18" high from a peren-
nial root, naked toward the summit, and bearing 1-3 heads; leaves membra-
naceous, oblong or tongue-shaped, repand or very sharply serrate, sometimes
slightly laciniate, lowest ones narrowed at the base or contracted into a
winged petiole; upper ones sessile, partly clasping by a sometimes dilated
base; heads nodding on slender peduncles; involucre lax, calyculate; the
golden rays linear, elongated, 1-2’ long; achenia perfectly glabrous.’”—
Mountains of Colorado, (Parry! Hall & Harbour! Vasey!) Var. TaRraxt-
corpgs, Gray, Zc. “Truly alpine; stems 4-5’ high, bearing single heads,
which are smaller and less nodding; rays about half an inch long; leaves all
narrowed at the base, more or less laciniate.”—Bare alpine regions of the Colo-
rado peaks, (Parry, 28!) Rocks below Clover Peak, Nevada; 10,000 feet
elevation; September. Plants 5-7’ high, with much larger leaves than Par-
ry’s, and the rays very scantily developed. One form has laciniately-toothed
leaves, (678,) and in another the leaves are entire, or at most obscurely den-
ticulate. (679.)

Psaruyrotes’ annua, Gray. Pl. Wright. 2.100; Proc. Amer. Acad. 7.

 

'PSATHYROTES, Gray, lc. Heads many-flowered, the flowers all alike, perfect, fertile. Corol-
las cylindrical with a very short proper tube, 5-toothed, the teeth short and very obtuse, villous exteriorly.
Involucre of two rows of scales as long as the disk. Receptacle naked, flat or convex. Anthers linear,
CATALOGUE. 193

363. Scurfy-pubescent and mealy ; leaves broadly triangular, the lower ones
somewhat reniform, irregularly dentate, 3-6” long and broad; heads axillary
or subcorymbose, at length nodding; involucral scales in two rows, 5 outer
subfoliaceous lanceoiate and persistent, and 12-15 inner scarious 2—4-nerved
deciduous ones; corolla very slender, the apex pubescent with a few long
crisped webby hairs ; achenia very villous, the hairs rather rigid and often
slightly bifid at the extremity——A low branching whitish herb, with the look
of Obione argentea. New Mexico to California; Humboldt Plains, Nevada,
(Torrey.) Carson Desert, and near Hot Springs in the Hot Spring Mount-
ains, Nevada; 44,500 feet elevation; July, August. (680.)

TrerraDyMIA* canescens, DC. Densely white-tomentose; leaves linear,
6-12" long and about 1” wide, rigid, mucronate, but not spinescent, axillary
fascicles of smaller leaves none; heads racemose-corymbed ; involucre 5-6”
long, of 4 oblong obtuse carinate scales; florets 4; achenia sparingly villous
with soft short hairs, soon becoming nearly smooth—Shrubby, forming a
densely branched bush 1-3° high, the main stem often 2/ thick at the base.
’ The same habit is common to all the genus.— British Columbia, Oregon and
California; Mt. Davidson, (Bloomer.) Virginia, Truckee and East Humboldt
Mountains; 6-9,000 feet elevation; July, August. (681.)

Var. ivERMIS, Gray. (T. inermis, Nutt.) Leaves shorter, acute, but
scarcely mucronate; heads smaller; involucral scales 2-4” long —Southern
Oregon to Wyoming, Colorado and New Mexico; Western Nevada, (Ander-
son, Bloomer.) Toyabe Range, Huntington and Ruby Valleys, Nevada, and
Silver Creek Cafion, near Parley’s Park, Utah, on dry hillsides; 6-7,000 feet
elevation. (682.) :

TerrapyMia GLABRATA, T.& G. Pac. R. R. Rep. 2.122,¢.5. Branches
white-tomentose ; leaves soon glabrate, somewhat fleshy ; primary ones erect,

 

the connective with an ovate acute point, and the cells slightly produced at the base. Style included,
the branches short, stigmatic to the summit, and crowned with a very short truncate villous appendage.
Achenia oblong or top-shaped, densely villous. Pappus of numerous unequal slightly scabrous rather
rigid bristles, the longest half the length of the corolla.—Low heavy-scented annuals or biennials, viscid
or mealy-pubescent, with alternate petioled leaves and yellow flowers. Natives of New Mexico, Califor-
nia, &c.

'TETRADYMIA, DC. Heads 4-flowered, (in one species 5-9-flowered ;) the flowers all tubular,
perfect and fertile; the corollas funnelform with a long slender tube, deeply 5-lobed, the linear lobes
slightly recurved. Involucre of 4 (rarely 5-6) subequal concave-carinate rigid oblong scales. Receptacle
very small, naked. Anthers linear, exserted. Branches of the style linear, with very short ovate obtuse
pubescent appendages. Achenia oblong-linear, villous or glabrate. Pappus copious, of very fine unequal
capillary denticulate filaments as long as the tube of the corolla.—Low much-branched shrubs, of Oregon,
California, New Mexico, &c.; often densely white-tomentose, with small rigid linear or subulate sessile
alternate leaves, the primary ones often becoming spiny. Heads rather large, solitary on short branch-
lets, or forming small terminal and subterminal clusters; flowers yellow.

25
194 BOTANY.

3-5" long, $” wide, linear-subulate, mucronate, producing the next year from
their axils fascicled shorter obtuse ericoid leaves; heads corymbose ; involu-
cres of 4 whitish-pubescent or glabrate scales about 4” long; florets 4; ache-
nia villous, the hairs much shorter than the pappus.—Sierras of California,
(Beckwith ;) Carson City, (Anderson.) In the Pah-Ute range and Unionville
and Monitor Valleys, Nevada, and Carrington Island, Great Salt Lake, on
dry foot-hills; 5-5,500 feet elevation; June, July. This species is best dis-
tinguished by the very weak erect primary leaves, and the glabrate fascicled
secondary ones. (683.)

Tetrapymia Nurratyu, T. & G. White-tomentose; primary leaves
spreading, rigid and spiny, 6” long, bearing in their axils the next season fasci-
cles of spatulate obtuse shorter and broader canescent-tomentose secondary
ones; heads corymbose; involucral scales and flowers mostly 4, the former
about 4” long; achenia villous——Plains of the Snake River, Idaho, and on
Harris's Fork, Utah, (Nuttall!) Shore of Great Salt Lake, (Stansbury.)
Stansbury Island; 4,500 feet elevation; June. (684.)

TrrrapyMia spinosa, H. & A. Branches, involucres and the recurved-
spreading rather stout spiny primary leaves densely white-tomentose ; second-
ary leaves fascicled, much smaller than the spines, linear, obtuse, fleshy,
glabrous and ericoid; heads solitary or racemose, rather large; involucral
scales 5-6; florets 5-9; achenia densely silky-villous, the denticulate hairs
quite as long as the pappus—Southern Idaho, (Tolmie, Nuttall! Burke !)
Southern California, near Fort Mohave, (Dr. Cooper!) Truckee and Trinity
Mountains, and Unionville Valley, Nevada; 4,500-5,000 feet elevation; May,
June. (685.)

Cirsium unpuLatuM, Spreng. Islands of Lake Huron to Oregon and
California, and southward to Texas and New Mexico; Carson City, (Ander-
son;) Stansbury Island, (Stansbury.) Throughout Nevada and Utah; the
commonest white-leaved thistle of the foot-hills and lower mountain-sides;
5-8,500 feet elevation; June-August. (686.)

Var. ALBESCENS. Flowers pale yellowish-white—Shore of Stansbury
Island; 4,300 feet elevation; June. (687.)

Cirsium rotiosum, DC. (C. edule, Nutt.) Stem erect, branched toward
the top, stout, striate, and somewhat woolly ; leaves loosely webby on both
surfaces, elongated, 6-11’ long, not over 1’ wide, irregularly sinuate-toothed,
the teeth triangular, and the veinlets ending in strong stramineous spines ;
CATALOGUE. 195

heads large, ‘‘glomerate in the axils of the uppermost leaves,” or peduncled ;
involucral scales linear-lanceolate, appressed, spine-tipped, arachnoid-tomen-
tose; rays purplish——This is not nearly so white a plant as C. undulatum ;
the leaves are much narrower and more prickly, and the involucre more arach-
noid. The present specimens have naked long-peduncled heads, and in this
respect differ from the type as originally characterized. Mountains of British
Columbia to Oregon and Idaho. Colorado, (Parry 34, Hall & Harbour 340,
and 841, white-flowered.) From the West to the East Humboldt Mountains,
Nevada ; 5,500-7,000 feet elevation; June, July. (688.)

Cirsium Couutert, Harvey & Gray. Pl. Fendl.110. “‘ Webby-tomen-
tose; stem branching; stem-leaves oblong-lanceolate, partly clasping, loosely
webby above, the edges wavy or sinuate;.heads very large, solitary, not
bracted at the base; involucre exceedingly arachnoid-woolly, the scales loosely
imbricated, straight, at length spreading, all of them oblong or lanceolate from
a short base, gradually narrowed into a long cuspidate needle-like point.—
Heads nearly 2’ broad; flowers deep crimson; leaves much like those of C.
undulatum, but not so deeply lobed. California, (Coulter, Brewer! Bridges,
268!) Carson City, Nevada, (Anderson !)

Crestum Drummonpu, T. & G. Stemless, or with simple stems 1-2°
high, glabrous or very sparingly and deciduously webby; leaves green and
smooth above, paler and sometimes slightly webby beneath; radical ones
oblanceolate or spatulate, the primary ones entire with ciliate-spinulose mar-
gins, later ones and the stem-leaves pinnately toothed or incised, often doubly
so, and spiny with weak slender prickles; heads 1-4, sessile or short-stalked,
surrounded either by the radical leaves or by a circle of leaves at the top of
the stem; involucres glabrous, the scales triangular-lanceolate, appressed,
tipped with weak prickles; flowers “‘red” or purplish—There are two forms,
differing only in the presence or lack of a stem, and even in this respect they
pass into each other. (a.) The caulescent form. Saskatchewan and Rocky
Mountains of British America; Colorado, (Hall & Harbour, 343.) Hum-
boldt Valley, meadows in the Toyabe Mountains, and in Bear River Cafion ;
58,000 feet elevation. (689.) (b.) The acaulescent form ; (C. acaule, Var.
Americanum, Gray. Proc. Acad. Phil, March, 1863, p. 68.) Colorado
(Hall & Harbour, 339! Vasey, 349!) to California (Brewer!) and Oregon
(Kronkhite!) Carson City, Nevada, (Anderson, 91!) Ruby and Thousand
196 BOTANY.

Spring Valleys, Nevada, and Bear River Cafion; 6-8,000 feet elevation ;
July-September. (690.)

Cirstum ERIOcCEPHALUM, Gray. Proc. Acad. Phil., March, 1863, p. 69.
Stem 1-2° high, simple, leafy, deciduously arachnoid-tomentose ; leaves nearly
smooth above, paler and webby beneath, far decurrent, linear, pinnatifid with
very numerous and crowded short very spiny lobes; heads several, sessile in
a dense terminal cluster, involucrate with very spiny foliaceous bracts, which
pass gradually into spinulose-ciliate spine-tipped involucral scales; innermost
scales entire, spine-tipped ; flowers yellow——Alpine regions of the peaks of
Colorado, (Parry, Hall & Harbour, Vasey 348.) Var. LEIOCEPHALUM. Leaves
smooth on both sides; heads very prickly, but entire destitute of wool or pu-
bescence; otherwise as in the type—An intermediate form was collected in
Colorado by Hall & Harbour. Cottonwood Cafion, Wahsatch, and in the
Uintas on a high divide at the head of Bear River; 8-10,500 feet elevation ;
July, August. (691.)

Caars' LingaRIFOLIA, DC. Scapes simple, 5-14’ high; leaves at first
softly pubescent and ciliate, linear-acuminate, entire or laciniately pinnatifid
with a few linear lobes; involucre of 9-12 unequal smooth lanceolate scales ;
achenia 5” long, linear-fusiform, short-beaked ; scales of the pappus 5, linear-
lanceolate, equaling the achenium, the apex bifid, and the midrib produced
into a slender awn much shorter than the scale-—California to New Mexico
and Chihuahua. Washoe Valley, Trinity and East Humboldt Mountains,
Nevada, and Stansbury Island; 4-5,000 feet elevation; May, June. (692.)

Canals MacrocHzTA, Gray.(?) Pl. Fendi. 112. A single small imma-
ture plant, perhaps of this species, was collected in the Trinity Mountains on
granite rocks. The species may be known by the short oblong bifid pappus-
scales, with an awn at least three times longer than the scale; the general
habit much as in the last. (693.)

Catais nuvTans, Gray. Pac. R. R. Reports, 4.118. (Ptilophora nutans,
Gray. Pl. Fendi. 113.) Glabrous, very slender; stems 6-18’ high, simple or
branching; leaves narrowly linear, acuminate, entire or with a few subulate
spreading lobes ; involucre cylindrical, 8—20-flowered, calyculate; outer bract-

‘CALAIS, DC. “Heads many- (rarely few-) flowered ; (the flowers all ligulate.) Invelucre cylin-
draceous or campanulate, either simple and calyculated [bracteolate] at the base, or imbricated with the
scales in a few rows. Receptacle flat, naked. Achenia terete, 12-14-striate, beakless or attenuated up-
ward and beaked. Pappus simple, of 5-10 or 14-22 scarious awned scales, the awns scabrous, barbellate
or plumose.—Herbs of Northwestern America, with long naked monocephalous scapes or branches, and
yellow flowers.” Gray, Pac. R. R. Reports, 4, 112,
CATALOGUE. 197

eoles 4-5; proper involucral scales 4-7” long, lanceolate-acuminate, about 8,
in two rows; achenia roughish-pubescent, 2-3” long, scarcely rostrate ; pap-
pus of 12-20 elegantly plumose setz, rising from an entire oblong scarious
base 4-5 times shorter than the plume.—Washington Territory and Oregon
to California. Havallah and East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and near
Salt Lake City and in the Wahsatch, usually along stream banks ; 4,500-9,000
feet elevation; May-September. (694.)

Var. LATIFOLIA has oblong-spatulate entire leaves, 2-4’ long, 6-9” wide.
—With the other form, Kast Humboldt Mountains and the Wahsatch. (695.)

Cauals MAJor, Gray, Zc. Glabrous; stem stouter, 1-2° high; petioles
with a dilated base; leaves 6-8’ long, 4-9 wide, lanceolate-spatulate, entire
or laciniated; involucre puberulent or glabrate, campanulate, many-flowered,
bractlets 8 or 9, proper scales 10-13, acuminate ; achenia and pappus nearly
as in the last, of which it is probably only a larger form.—Oregon. Antelope
Island, and near Salt Lake City, in meadows; 4,300 feet altitude; May,
June. (696.)

AnIsocoMa’ acauLis, Gray. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist, 5. 111, ¢. 18.
California, near Fort Mohave, (Dr. Cooper!) and near Fort Tejon, (Dr. Van
Horn!) Carson City, Nevada, Anderson!) Foot-hills near Carson City,
and near Steamboat-Springs, Washoe Valley, Nevada; 4,500 feet elevation;
April, May. Dr. Gray has described the inner pappus as consisting of 5 longer
and 5 alternate shorter sete, all plumose above the middle, but the number
of sete seems to be variable, and the smallest ones, while scarcely at all
plumose, are irregularly placed among the rest. (697.)

SrePHANOMERIA? Minor, Nutt., (including S. runcinata, Nutt.) Perennial,

 

1 ANISOCOMA, Gray, J. ¢c. Heads many-flowered ; the flowers all ligulate. Involucre sub-cylin-
drical; the scales 18-24, imbricated, purplish with broad scarious margins, the outer ones roundish or
ovate, very short, inner ones linear-oblong. Receptacle flat, bearing a few very slender chaffy scales
among the outer florets. Achonia slenderly obconic, 10-12-striate, pilose along the strizw, crowned with
@ persistent wavy-margined cup-like outer pappus, and bearing inside of this 10-15 deciduous sete, some
of them short and naked, and the other two-thirds as long as the corolla and exceedingly plumose nearly
to the base.—An annual herb; the leaves all radical, 1-2’ long, at first tomentose, soon glabrous, pinnately
lobed; the lobes short and somewhat denticulate; scapes simple, 2-6’ high, naked, monoccphalous ;
heads an inch long; flowers yellow; pappus pure white.

2STEPHANOMERIA, Nutr. (Including Hemiptilium, Gray.) Heads 3-12-flowered ; the flowers
all ligulate. Involucre cylindrical, calyculate; bractlets few, very small; proper scales 3-7, subequal,
but in two species more numerous, unequal and imbricated. Receptacle naked, slightly honey-
combed. Achenia oblong-linear or clavate-oblong, with 5 prominent angles or ribs, the intercostal
spaces either plane or tuberculate-rugose, or occupied by additional less elevated ridges. Pappus simple,
of 5-25 plumose filiform setz or bristles, slightly dilated at the base—Annual or perennial herbs, much
branched, natives of Western North America from the great plains to the Pacific. Lower leaves linear,
often runcinately toothed; the upper ones gradually reduced to small subulate bracts. Heads small ;
flowers rose-color.
198 BOTANY.

glabrous; stems single, much branched, lower leaves 2-3’ long, runcinately
toothed, upper ones reduced to subulate entire or 2-4-toothed bracts ; heads
5-7-flowered, solitary on the ends of the branchlets; proper involucral scales
5-7, 4-5” long; achenia 5-costate, smooth; pappus of about 15 distinct sete,
plumose nearly or quite to the base —Oregon and California to Arizona, New
Mexico and Colorado; Carrington Island, Great Salt Lake, (Stansbury.)
Near Humboldt Lake, Nevada, (W. W. Bailey,) and on a ridge in Bear River
Valley, near Evanston, Utah ; 46,000 feet elevation; July, August. (698.)

STEPHANOMERIA MYRIOCLADA. Caudex woody, bearing innumerable
densely crowded slender branching stems 8-12’ long; primary leaves not
seen, those of the branchlets linear-spatulate, acute, entire or runcinately
toothed, passing into subulate bracts; heads terminal on slender branchlets,
3-flowered, 24-3” long; scales of the slender involucre 3, bristles as many ;
achenia oblong-linear, 5-angled and with two less prominent striee on each
face, not tubercled; pappus of 14-17 distinct sete, plumose to the base.—
Plant forming a dense hemispherical tuft about a foot high, the branches
irregularly “dichotomous. On dry rocky ridges in Thousand Spring and
Goose Creek Valleys, Nevada; 6-6,500 feet elevation; September. Pate
XX. Fig.1. Portion ofa plant; natural size. Fig.2. A flower; magnified
four diameters. Figs.3 and 4. Mature achenium and seta; magnified twelve
diameters. (699.)

STEPHANOMERIA PANICULATA, Nutt. Annual, glabrous; stem 2—3° high,
erect, striate; cauline leaves linear, 2-3’ long, 1” wide, entire, or the lower
ones with a few small teeth near the base; heads 8” long, 5-7-flowered,
nearly sessile along the straight diverging paniculate branches; involucre
of 5-8 scales and several minute bractlets; achenia oblong-clavate, slightly
one-sided, rugose-tuberculate between the 5 longitudinal undulate ridges ;
pappus of about 25 slightly unequal distinct sete, plumose to the base.—
Colorado to California. West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and on Promon-
tory Point, and near Salt Lake City, Utah; 4,300-5,000 feet elevation ; May—
September. Prats XX. Fig. 5. Mature achenium; magnified twelve
diameters; the tubercles are sometimes more decidedly in a double row
between the ridges. (700.)

STEPHANOMERIA ExIGUA, Nutt.! (Hemiptilium Bigelovii, Gray! Bot.
Mex. Boundary, 105.) Annual, glabrous; stems 1-2° high, diffusely much
branched, the branches very slender; lower leaves linear, with a few subulate
 

 

 

 

 

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CATALOGUE. 199

teeth towards the base ; upper ones smaller and passing into subulate bracts,
(always?) auriculate with 2 minute teeth; heads peduncled, irregularly
corymbose-paniculate, 3” long, 3-9-flowered ; involucre as in the last; achenia
linear, straight, slightly enlarging upward, strongly 5-angled and with a
double row of tubercles between the angles; pappus usually of 15 sete,
plumose from near or below the middle to the top, 3 from each angle of the
achenium, with their slightly dilated bases commonly united—The setee are
sometimes plumose for the greater part of their length, and the dilation at
their base is scarcely greater than in S. paniculata, which has, moreover,
quite as rugose and tubercled an achenium; it seems, therefore, advisable to
merge Hemiptilium into Stephanomeria. California to Colorado and New
Mexico; Virginia City, (Bloomer.) Foot-hills throughout Nevada, and on
Carrington Island, Great Salt Lake; 4,500-6,000 feet elevation ; June-August.
Pirate XX. Figs.6 and 7. Achenium and three united bristles of the
pappus; magnified twelve diameters. (701.)

STEPHANOMERIA PENTACH@TA. Annual (?); stem 1° high, perfectly glab-
rous, and whitish, diffusely branching ; leaves linear-subulate, auriculate with
small teeth, or the larger ones runcinately toothed, the uppermost minute and
bractlike; heads 5-flowered, peduncled, panicled, 3~4’’ long; involucre of 5
scales, besides 4-5 bractlets; achenia linear-oblong, 5-costate, with a double
row of tubercles between the cost ; sete of the pappus 5, one at each angle
of the achenium, rather longer than the achenium, slightly dilated and
setulose at the base, the upper half plumose.—Truckee and Humboldt Val-
leys; 4,500 feet elevation ; September. Puate XX. Fig. 8. Asmall branch;
natural size. Figs. 9 and 10. Achenium and seta; magnified twelve diame-
ters. (702.)

Hreractum Scovteri, Hook. Stems 1~3° high, hispid and almost
shaggy with coarse spreading hairs, (3-4 long,) leafy; lower leaves 5-8:
long, 9-12” wide, oblanceolate, mostly acute, sessile or nearly so; upper ones
usually few and smaller; heads 6’ long, in a somewhat rounded panicle ;
peduncles erect; involucre calyculate or somewhat imbricated, glandular-
puberulent and sparsely hairy; flowers yellow, about 20; achenia not nar-
rowed at the summit.—A coarse plant, in appearance between H. G'ronovii
and H. longipilum. The stem is leafy in some specimens, in others nearly
naked. Nutka to Oregon. Goose-Creek Mountains, and in the cafions of
200 BOTANY.

the Wahsatch near Parley’s Park; 6,500-7,000 feet elevation; July—Sep-
tember. (703.)

Hrrracium aupirtorum, Hook. Stems 1-3° high, rather slender, smooth
above, hispid near the base, like the petioles and midribs, with rather long
deflexed hairs; leaves mostly radical or low on the stem, oblong-lanceolate,
acute, entire or denticulate; heads rather small, on nearly smooth bracteolate
pedicels, in a compound at length very open corymb; involucre nearly
ecalyculate, the blackish scales sparsely hairy; flowers white, about 20;
achenia very slightly narrowed toward the summit—Rocky Mountains of
British America to Oregon and California, and eastward to Colorado; Carson
City, (Anderson.) Cottonwood Cafion in the Wahsatch, and Bear River
Cation, Uintas; 78,000 feet elevation; July, August. (704.)

Hirractum triste, Willd. Stem slender, simple, 6-15’ high, smooth
below, hispid with blackish-fuscous hair above; leaves chiefly radical, hirsut-
ulous or smooth, entire or remotely denticulate, tapering into slender petioles ; .
heads few in a simple raceme or corymb; involucres hispid with blackish
hairs ; flowers 20-40; achenia oblong, not tapering to the summit.— Unalaska,
and in the Rocky Monntains of Northern British America, to California and
the Mountains of Colorado. Ridges of the Uintas, above Bear River Cafion,
at I-10,000 feet elevation; August. (705.)

Lycopesmia suncEa, Don. From the Saskatchewan along the moun-
tains to New Mexico and Texas, and eastward to Wisconsin. Gravelly slopes
of Unionville Valley, Nevada; 5,000 feet elevation; June. Flowers light-
pink; the ordinary form, with the leaves very slender, not over 2’ long, and
the involucre 6” long. (706.)

Var. piantHopsis. (L. juncea, Dur. Bot. Utah., 169.) Involucre 9-11”
long; ligules exserted quite as much, 3” wide; leaves rather stout, 2-4” long.—
Islands of Great Salt Lake, and gravelly slopes near the city ; May, June.
Collected also by Stansbury, by Mrs. Carrington, and by Frémont in his
second expedition. Heads very much resembling a single-flowered carnation,
and the leaves also are not dissimilar. (707.)

Lygoprsmia spinosa, Nutt. Stems 8—14/ high, several from a woody
hase, bearing many short divergent very rigid and spine-like branches ;
radical and lower leaves linear, 2~3' long, the former with tufts of matted wool
in their axils, the wool afterward enveloping the base of the stem; upper
leaves reduced to minute subulate bracts; heads usually solitary on the ends
CATALOGUE. _ 201

of the upper branchlets ; involucre 4” long, of 5-7 unequal lanceolate acute
imbricated scales, with 2-3 minute calyculate bractlets; flowers 3-5, the
ligules twice as long as the involucre; achenia not tapering upward; pappus
rather rigid, 23” long—‘ In the Rocky Mountain plains towards California,”
(Nuttall ;) California, (Brewer;) Mount Davidson, Nevada, (Bloomer.) Foot-
hills and gravelly hillsides, East Humboldt Mountains, Ruby Valley, and at
the head of Humboldt River; 6,000 feet elevation; August, September.
Flowers almost always three. The lower leaves are apparently membranous
or grass-like, as they quickly perish, leaving only vestiges hidden in the
peculiar masses of brownish-white wool. (708.)

Matacorurix’ Canirornica, DC. Annual, villous-lanate or becoming
smooth; stems several, 8-12’ high, scapiform and monocephalous or with
1-2 smaller heads from the axils of cauline leaves; radical leaves numerous,
3-6’ long, sometimes entire, but usually pinnately divided into 5-9 distant
very narrow almost filiform entire segments; involucre campanulate, of many
unequal lanceolate scales imbricated in several rows; flowers yellow, very
numerous ; achenia scabrellate on the primary ridges; outer pappus cup-like,
with a hyaline and slightly pectinate border, two of the teeth developed into
strong awn-like setee, as long as the 12-15 nearly smooth deciduous capillary
bristles of the inner pappus.—Heads as large as a dandelion or even larger,
the ligules 4-5-toothed. The two outer setz of the pappus are not opposite,
but both on one side of the achenium, and the same arrangement is seen in
M. Coulteri. California, (Douglas, Brewer!) Var. cuaprata, Gray, Ms.
Glabrous throughout, even when young.—Carson City, (Anderson!) Foot-
hills of the Trinity Mountains, Nevada; 4,500 feet elevation. (709.)

Matacornrrx soncuowes, T. & G. Annual, glabrous; stems 4-15’
high, corymbosely branching; leaves oblong-lanceolate ; runcinately pinnati-
fid ; the lobes ovate-lanceolate, acute, toothed or nearly entire; heads large,
(9-14” wide,) terminal on the branches; involucre bell-shaped, with a few
outer calyculate scales, but mostly of lanceolate acuminate white-margined

subequal entire scales, 4-6” long; achenia many-striate, smooth; outer

 

1MALACOTHRIX, DC. Heads many-flowered ; the flowers all ligulate. Involucre hemispherical
or bell-shaped, of numerous narrow imbricated scales. Receptacle naked. Achenia oblong-linear, not
beaked, smooth, 8-15-striate or ridged. Pappus double ; the outer a minute cup-like crenulate or toothed
ring, a few of the teeth sometimes produced into awn-like somewhat persistent sete ; the inner composed
of many silvery-white capillary minutely-serrulate or barbellate deciduous bristles—Herbs, annual or
perennial, natives of Western North America. Leaves undivided or pinnatifid. Flowers yellow or white

26
902 BOTANY.

pappus of five strong awns and about ten very short intermediate teeth ;
inner pappus of about fifteen capillary bristles, deciduous in a ring.—In this
and other allied species of Malacothrix the stronger bristles of the pappus
certainly belong to the cup-like crown, and not to the deciduous pappus, as
was supposed by Drs. Torrey and Gray. (See Stansb. Rep. 392; Pi. Fendl.
113; Pl. Wright. 2. 105.) From Nebraska (Nuttall) to the shores and
islands of Great Salt Lake (Stansbury) and Oregon, (Geyer ;) Carson City,
(67 Anderson.) Foot-hills and gravelly slopes throughout Nevada; 4,000—
6,000 feet elevation; May—July. (710.)

Maxacorurix optusa, Benth. Plant. Hartw. 321. Annual, erect,
branching, 2-12’ high; leaves at first whitish-woolly above, soon nearly or
quite glabrous; the radical ones 2-3’ long, runcinate-pinnatifid with obtuse
dentate lobes ; stem-leaves linear, toothed or entire ; heads small, 5-7” wide ;
involucre bell-shaped, calyculate, the inner scales subequal, oblong-linear,
white-margined, 3” long; flowers yellow or whitish; achenia 5-costate and
with intermediate pairs of smaller ridges; outer pappus cup-like, obtusely
about 24-toothed, without awns; inner pappus rather coarse, very scabrous,
deciduous.—Near the last, but with much smaller heads, and no persistent
bristles of the outer pappus. California, (Hartweg, Parry, Brewer!)
Stansbury Island, Great Salt Lake; 4,300 feet elevation; June. (711.)

Crepis' runcinata, T. & G. Perennial, hirsute or becoming nearly
smooth ; radical leaves oblong or obovate, runcinate-lobed or only slightly
toothed; scape 1-2° high, branching, bearing a few linear bract-like leaves;
branches and inyolucres more or less hirsute with blackish often glandular
hairs ; involucres many-flowered, calyculate, the scales linear-lanceolate, with
scarious margins; achenia slightly tapering upward, striate-—Saskatchewan
to Nebraska and Colorado; Oregon, (Geyer.) Meadows and wet places near
Salt Lake City, and in the Wahsatch and Uintas: 4,300-—7,000 feet eleva-
tion; May-July. The present specimens are much larger than those from

Colorado, and are much more blackish-hirsute on the peduncles and involu-
eres. (712.)

 

'CREPIS, L. Heads several-many-flowered ; the flowers all ligulate. Involucre usually calycu-
late with a few small bractcoles, the proper scales nearly equal, in a single series. Receptacle naked or
slightly hairy. Achenia terete or somewhat compressed, 8-30-striate, usually narrower above or even
tapering into a short beak, the apex expanded into a minute disk. Pappus pure white, copious, of den-
ticulate or scabrous delicate capillary bristles, or sometimes of more rigid bristles slightly dilated to-
ward the base.—Annual, biennial, or perennial herbs, natives of Europe, Asia, and Northwestern Amer-
ica, commonly with very variable runcinate-pinnatifid or dentate leaves, and yellow flowers.
CATALOGUE. 203

Orepis euauca, T. & G. Perénnial, smooth and somewhat glaucous;
leaves all radical, linear-spatulate, tapering into a short-winged petiole, apic-
ulate, nearly entire and deeply runcinate on the same plant; stems 1-2° high,
with small linear bracts at the base of the 2-3 slender peduncles; involu-
cres many-flowered, smooth, slightly calyculate, the proper scales linear-
lanceolate, scarious-margined ; achenia smooth, 8-10-ridged, slightly taper-
ing upward.—Heads smaller than in the last, the smoother forms of which
it approaches perhaps too closely. Plains of Nebraska to Oregon, (Geyer.)
Ruby Valley, Nevada, and on the foot-hills near Salt Lake City; 4,500-
6,000 feet elevation; May-July. (713.)

Crepis AnpErsoni, Gray. Perennial, 1-2° high; leaves linear-spatu-
late or oblong-lanceolate, slightly toothed, runcinate or laciniate-pinnatifid,
glabrous, like the sparingly branched and leafless scapes; bracts at the base
of the mostly monocephalous branches small and linear; involucre of spar-
ingly puberulent herbaceous lanceolate unequal scales, imbricated in 2-3
rows, many-flowered ; achenia smooth, angled and many-ridged, fusiform
and tapering into a short beak.—In habit much like the last, but with a well-
marked imbricated involucre. Carson City, Nevada, (305 Anderson!) Hot
springs in Grass Valley and Reese Valley, Nevada; 4,500-5,000 feet eleva-
tion; June, July. (714.)

CRrEPIs occIpENTALIS, Nutt. Perennial, canescent and scurfy-tomentose ;
stems 6-18’ high, branching, leafy ; radical leaves with the petioles 6-9’ long,
lanceolate, tapering both ways, acuminate, more or less deeply runcinate-
pinnatifid, with acute often toothed lobes; cauline leaves similar, but smaller
and sessile; heads corymbed, 11—35-flowered; involucres calyculate with a
few loose bractlets, the proper scales 8-10, 6-8” long ; mature achenia rather
stout, 3” long, tapering to the apex, evidently 10-striate——This species varies
greatly in size, shape of leaves, and number of flowers in a head, but it has
larger and looser calyculate bractlets than the next, and a canescent or some-
times hispidulous involucre, anda greater number of flowers in a head. Ore-
gon and California to Nevada, Utah, and Colorado; Carson City, (Ander-
son;) Salt Lake City, (Mrs. Carrington.) From Western Nevada to the
Wahsatch, and on the shore of Stansbury Island ; 4,300—8,000 feet elevation;
May-July. (715.)

Var. qraciuis. (C. acuminata, Var. gracilis, Torrey, Ms.) Stem very
slender, bearing 8-6 narrow 9-14-flowered heads; leaves narrowly linear,
204 BOTANY.

long-acuminate, with a few very narrow almost filiform elongated teeth near
the middle-—Middle Park, Colorado, (Parry, 1864.) Cafions of the East
Humboldt Mountains and on a peak west of Parley’s Park in the Wah-
satch ; 7-9,000 feet elevation; July-September. (716.)

Crepis acuminata, Nutt. Torrey, in Stansb. Rep. 392, ¢. 8. Perennial;
stem sparingly canescent, 1-3° high; leaves pubescent, the radical ones
lanceolate, long-acuminate, 6-9’ long, tapering into a petiole often two-thirds
as long, laciniately pinnatifid into numerous linear-lanceolate spreading or
curved usually entire teeth ; cauline leaves few, mostly sessile, the lower
similar to the radical, the upper linear, entire; heads 5-7-flowered, very
numerous in a compound fastigiate corymb ; involucres glabrous or nearly
so, cylindrical, calyculate with a few ovate appressed bractlets; the proper
scales 6-7, about 5” long; mature achenia tapering slightly upward, 10-stri-
ate-—The figure in Stansbury’s Report shows a plant with the foliage more
like that‘of C. occidentalis, and achenia more decidedly beaked than either
species affords among the numerous specimens now examined, though it cor-
rectly represents the very numerous slender heads of C. acuminata. Ore-
gon and California to Colorado and Nebraska; Mt. Davidson, (Bloomer !)
Stansbury Island, (Stansbury.) Hill-sides from Western Nevada to the
Uintas ; 5—7,000 feet elevation; May—July. (717.)

TRoximon cusprpatum, Pursh. Northern Illinois and Wisconsin to Ore-
gon, (Spaulding!) Valley of Great Salt Lake, (Stansbury.)

Macrorruyncuus* euaucus. (Troximon glaucum, Nutt.) Perennial,
smooth and somewhat glaucous; leaves linear-lanceolate or lanceolate, 3-6’
long, about 6” broad, entire or slightly runcinate-toothed ; scapes 6—9' high ;
involucral scales unequal, the outer ones shorter and broadly ovate-lanceolate,
slightly pubescent; inner ones lanceolate, 7-9’ long; achenia 10-ribbed,
contracted toward the summit, but scarcely beaked; pappus rather coarse,
longer than the achenium.—Saskatchewan to Nebraska and Colorado, (65
Parry, 354 Hall & Harbour, in part, 260 Vasey?) Var. Laciniatus. ‘Leaves

'MACRORRHYNCHUS, Lessing. Heads many-flowered, the flowers all ligulate. Involucre cam-
panulate; the lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate scales imbricated in 2-3-series, the inner ones scarious-mar-
gined, the outer ones sometimes shorter, often foliaceous. Receptacle naked, or very rarely with a few
chaffy scales among the flowers. Achenia glabrous, terete or slightly obcompressed, 10-ribbed or
winged, narrowed above and in most species at length produced into a long slender beak, the apex di-
lated into a small flat disk. Pappus of copious white scarcely scabrous soft and capillary or coarser
and somewhat rigid bristles.—Annual or perennial herbs of Western America, North and South, nearly
or quite acaulescent, with rather large heads solitary on long naked scapes, and entire or laciniate-pin-
natifid often elongated leaves; flowers yellow, rose-color, or purplish,
CATALOGUE. 205

dilated, lanciniate-pinnatifid, segments lanccolate-attenuate.” Gray, Proc.
Acad. Philad., Mar. 1863, p. 69.—F lowers yellow or orange, turning purplish
when dried. Leaves varying from narrowly linear to broadly lanceolate in
outline, but always more or less laciniate. None of the specimens have
ripened achenia, but the most advanced show a very short beak, one-fourth
as long as the achenium. This species and the next agree very closely in
foliage, size of head, color of flowers, both fresh and dried, in the young
achenia and in the nature of the pappus; even the “long jointed hairs” at
the summit of the tube of the corolla are alike in both; so that the involu-
cre, of unequal scales in one species and equal in the other, and the longer
or shorter beak of the mature achenium, seem to be the only remaining
points of distinction. When both species shall be studied from the living
plant with ripened achenia it is quite possible that even these differences will
disappear. Colorado, (854 Hall & Harbour, in part.) From the foot-hills
near Carson City to the Uintas; 5-7,500 feet elevation; May—Septem-
ber. (718.)

424 Parry, 856 Hall & Harbour, and 361 Vasey belong to Var. dasy-
cephalus,T. & G. ‘ Involucre woolly, at least when young, the exterior scales
spreading; leaves and scape often somewhat pubescent; receptacle some-
times, but not always, furnished with a few linear-acuminate chaffy scales
intermixed among the flowers.”—Arctic America to Oregon and Colorado.

Macrorruyncuus Troximorpgs, I. & G. Perennial, smooth and some-
what glaucous; leaves 4-10’ long, 3-9’ wide, linear-lanceolate or linear-spat-
ulate, acuminate or obtuse and slightly apiculate, entire or laciniately pinnati-
fid; scapes 4’-2° high; involucre 6-10” long, the scales nearly equal,
lanceolate from a broad base; achenia 10-ribbed, at first shorter than the
pappus and scarcely beaked, at length produced into a slender beak two-
thirds as long as the achenium proper, and with it slightly or considerably
longer than the pappus——F lowers orange-color, fading to purplish. The
pappus is variable in fineness, one of the best-marked specimens, with ros-
trate achenia, having rather coarse and evidently flattened bristles. To this
species Dr. Gray has already referred Troximon roseum and T. parviflorum,
and itis not at all improbable that JT. glaucum will eventually follow them.
Mountains of Colorado, (66 & 67 Parry, 355 Hall & Harbour, 359 Vasey,)
to California, Oregon, and British America; Virginia City, (Bloomer.)
206 BOTANY.

Cations and banks of creeks from Western Nevada to the Uintas; 4,500~-
10,000 feet elevation; June-September. (719.)

Macrorruyncnus Granpirtorus, T. & G. Perennial, slightly webby-
pubescent throughout; leaves 5-15’ long, linear-lanceolate, runcinately
toothed or laciniate with long acuminate teeth; scapes 1-2° high; heads
very large; outer involucral scales foliaceous, broadly ovate-oblong, ciliate-
pubescent; the inner ones narrower and with slightly scarious margins;
achenia strongly 10-ribbed, one-fourth the length of the very slender beak,
and half as long as the white soft capillary pappus—Oregon and California.
Foot-hills near Salt Lake City ; 4,500 feet elevation; May. (720.)

MacrRoRRHYNCHUS HETROPHYLLUS, Nutt. Annual, pubescent, often
somewhat caulescent; leaves 2-5’ long, linear-spatulate ; the earlier ones
entire or slightly toothed; later ones commonly laciniate with a few short
acute teeth; scapes 4-9’ high; involucral scales imbricated in about 3 rows;
the outer ones somewhat hairy and shorter than the smooth oblong-lance-
olate inner ones; achenia fusiform, with ten corky or winged often undulate
ribs; the filiform beak 3-4 times longer than the body of the achenium, and
considerably longer than the very delicate pappus——The present specimens
have considerably longer achenia and pappus than those collected in Califor-
nia by Brewer, and while the ribs of the achenia are rounded and corky
they show nothing of the undulation so strongly insisted upon by Nuttall.
Oregon and California. West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, on the hills
about Salt Lake City, and on Antelope Island, Utah; 4,500-5,500 feet
elevation; May, June. (721.)

Taraxacum Dens-Leonts, Desf. Common throughout the Northern
States and “sparingly naturalized” in the Southern, (Chapman.) Arctic
America, and along both sides of the Rocky Mountains, (Hooker,) to Colo-
rado, (‘‘truly indigenous,” Hall & Harbour.) Prof. Brewer states that he has
never seen it in California. The dandelion is named by Josselyn in 1672 in
a list “of such plants as have sprung up since the English planted and kept
cattle in New England.” Europe, Western Asia, and Northern Africa.
City Creek Cafion in the Wahsatch, and in the meadows of Salt Lake Val-
ley; probably introduced. (722.)

Taraxacum PaLustre, DC. Very smooth; leaves lanceolate or oblong-
spatulate, entire, sinuate, or slightly runcinate, usually shorter than the
scape; “scales of the involucre not corniculate,” the outer ones lanceolate,
CATALOGUE. 207

appressed ; achenia muricate and spinulose toward the apex, when mature
shorter than the beak.—The specimens now collected have leaves 3-4’ long
and 5-6’ wide, slightly toothed and very obtuse. The involucral scales are
certainly corniculate, as they are also in Hall & Harbour’s plant :—no
European specimens are at hand for comparison. Arctic America and Lab-
rador to Alaska; Colorado, (357 Hall & Harbour ;) Greenland, Europe, and
Northern Asia. Uintas, on a peak at the head of Bear River; 12,000 feet
altitude; August. (723.)

Taraxacum PHyMATocarPuM, J. Vahl. Dwarf, glabrous; leaves 1-2’
long, lanceolate, runcinate with rather short obtuse teeth, or nearly entire;
scapes scarcely exceeding the leaves; heads very small, blackish; outer
involucral scales short, spreading ; inner ones 8-12, 3-4” long, not cornicu-
late, narrowly scarious-margined; flowers very short; mature achenia not
seen.—Described from Greenland specimens sent from Copenhagen with the
above name. The present specimen, a single one only, is rather larger than
those from Greenland, but is plainly the same plant. It is assuredly not T.
levigatum. It must be noted that both 7. palustre and T. phymatocarpum
are considered forms of 7. Dens-leonis by Dr. Hooker. Ujintas, with the last,
ona peak at the head of Bear River; 12,500 feet elevation; August. (724.)

GLYPTOPLEURA’ MARGINATA.—Sandy Artemisia plain in Truckee Pass of
the Virginia mountains, in a cafion of the Trinity Mountains, and in Union-
ville Valley, Nevada; 45,000 feet elevation; May, June. Also collected in
1870 at St. George in Southern Utah by Dr. Edward Palmer, a form with
less developed outer involucral scales. Pirate XX. Fig.11. A single branch;
natural size. Fig. 12. Outer involucral scale or bract. Fig. 13. Inner in-
volucral scale. Fig. 16. Corolla; each enlarged four diameters. Fig. 14.
Achenium and pappus; enlarged two diameters. Fig.15. Achenium. Fig.
17. Style. Fig. 18. Stamen; all enlarged eight diameters. (725.)

 

1GLYPTOPLEURA. Heads many-flowered; the flowers all ligulate. Involucre subeylindrical,
composed of 7-12 equal oblong-lanceolate herbaceous white-margined entire scales, and of 4-8 outer
spatulate or panduriform white-margined lacerate-fringed bracts, either nearly as long as the proper:
scales or reduced to calyculate bractlets. Receptacle flat, naked. Achenia obconic-oblong, with a scurfy-
granulose whitish surface, obtusely 5-angled; the angles more or less transversely rugose, the sides fur-
rowed and pitted, and the summit forming a shallow obscurely 5-toothed cup, from the interior of which
rises a short 5-furrowed beak, its apex somewhat dilated and bearing a copious white capillary pappus
deciduous in a ring.—A small annual or biennial branching prostrate herb, forming a dense flattened tuft
2-6’ in diameter; leaves somewhat fleshy, oblong, pinnatifid and laciniately denticulate with whitish
searious teeth ; flowers purplish, terminal, nearly hidden by the leaves.

The affinities of this curious plant are with Taraxacum, Chondrilla and Willemetia, all of which have
the achenium suddenly contracted into a beak; the two former have more or less roughened or muricated
achenia, and the two latter a circle of teeth or a corona surrounding the base of the beak,
208 BOTANY.

Mu.¢eprum putcueLtum, Nutt. British America, Oregon and California,
and eastward to Upper Michigan; Virginia City, (Bloomer.) From the
Truckee River, Nevada, to Provo Valley, Utah; 4-6,000 feet elevation ;
July-September. (726.)

Soncnu aspers, Villars. Oregon and California to the Atlantic. “Proba-
bly indigenous to this country, at least to the South; now found in almost
every part of the world.” (7. & G.) Truckee bottom, cations of the West
Humboldt Mountains, Humboldt Valley, and City Creek Cafion in the
Wahsatch ; 4-6,000 feet elevation; May-September. (727.)

LOBELIACE:.

Downtno1a! puLcHELLA, Torr. Pac. R. R. Surv. 4. 116. Stem 2-6'
long, branching, flexuous, ascending ; leaves 8-12" long, ovate and lanceolate,
obtuse; sepals lanceolate, obtuse; upper lobes of the corolla ovate or lanceo-
late, acute, the middle lower lobe somewhat the longest; capsules becoming
2-3’ in length—Corolla bright blue with a yellow or nearly white center,
2-6" long. California and Oregon. Found in wet places in the Truckee
Meadows, near Glendale, Nevada. July. (728.)

CAMPANULACEZ.

CAMPANULA ROTUNDIFOLIA, L. Stems 3-18’ in height; quite variable in
the length and breadth of the calyx-segments, and the higher alpine form ex-
actly like Greenland specimens of C. lintfolia, Lam., which with C. Langs-
dorffiiana is referred to this species by Dr. Hooker without doubt. In its
various forms it occurs from Greenland and the Arctic Ocean to the Northern
States and Washington Territory and southward in the Rocky Mountains to
Colorado and New Mexico. In the Uintas on the dry rocky banks of Bear
River at 8,000 feet altitude, and in wet ground near the summits at an eleva-
tion of 11,500 feet; July, August. (729.)

CAMPANULA UNIFLORA, L. DC. Prodr. 7. 482. Stem 1-flowered; leaves
subentire, the lower obovate, petioled, the middle ones obovate-lanceolate,
and the upper occasionally linear-lanceolate ; calyx slightly villous, with linear
acuminate lobes nearly equaling the funnelform corolla; capsule cylindrical—

*DOWNINGIA, Torr. (Clintonia, Lindl.) Calyx-tube elongated; lobes 5, subequal, lanceolate.
Corolla-tube very short, the limb bilabiate; lower lip cuneate, 3-lobed, the upper 2-parted with erect nar-
rower lobes. Stamens united ; lower anthers bearded at the apex. Ovary inferior, 1-celled, with 2 parie-
tal placentw. Capsule chartaceous, twisted, triangular, dehiscing by 3 linear valves, many-seeded.—An-
nual herbs, with entire sessile leaves and axillary sessile flowers longer than the bracts.
CATALOGUE. 209

Stems 2-4’ high, with the deep-blue flowers often nearly twice longer than
the calyx-lobes. As in the specimens from Colorado, the calyx-tube is wholly
glabrous. Shores of the Arctic Ocean from Greenland to Behring Strait ;
Rocky Mountains of Colorado. In the Uintas, with the last; 11-12,000 feet
altitude; August. (730.)

SPECULARIA PERFOLIATA, A. DC. Throughout the Eastern States from
the Atlantic to the Mississippi; from Kansas to New Mexico and Western
Texas, and in Washington Territory. Lower cafions of the Wahsatch, near
Salt Lake City, at 5,000 feet altitude; May. (781.)

HETEROCODON* RARIFLORUM, Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., n.s., 8.
255. Glabrous or more or less subaculeate-hispid; stems 2-12’ high, simple
or branching at base, very slender and weak; leaves rather distant but some-
what in pairs, 3-6” in diameter, sharply dentate, the margin slightly revolute ;
calyx-lobes ovate, dentate; the light-blue or white corolla 1” long; capsule
broadly ovate, bristly upon the angles—From Washington Territory to the
Sacramento; (5005 Bolander and 280 Torrey.) Havallah and East Hum-
boldt Mountains, Nevada; 6,000 feet altitude ; June-August. (782.)

ERICACE A.

Vaccinium uxicinosum, L. Alpine peaks of the White Mountains and
Northern New York; Newfoundland and Labrador, and from latitude 52° to
the Arctic Ocean, Behring Strait and Greenland; Wind River Mountains,
Wyoming, (Frément.) Uinta Mountains; 6,000 feet altitude; August. (733.)

Vaccinium casprrosum, Mx. On the West Coast from Sitka to Wash-
ington Territory and eastward to the Saskatchewan, Hudson’s Bay and Lake
‘Superior; in the White Mountains, and in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado.
Found in the Clover Mountains, Nevada, and in the Uintas; 8-10,000 feet
altitude; August, September. (734.)

VAccINIUM MyRTILLOIDES, Mx. Newfoundland, and west of Hudson’s
Bay south of latitude 57° to Washington Territory, Colorado and Northern
Michigan. Uintas; 9,000 feet altitude; July. (735.)

Vaccinium Myrrituus, L. DC. Prodr. 7. 578. Branches sharply

 

1HETEROCODON, Nutr. Calyx-limb foliaceous, 5- (or 3-4-) parted. Corolla campanulate,
5-cleft, in the lower flowers none or minute. Stamens 5, included, the filaments free, shorter than the
anthers. Stigmas 3, short. Capsule roundish, angled, membranous, 3-celled, bursting irregularly at the
base. Seeds compressed, triangular, glabrous.—A slender annual, with alternate amplexicaul small
rounded dentate leaves; flowers small, sessile, solitary, the upper ones only with a corolla.

27
210. BOTANY.

angled, green; leaves ovate, serrate, very glabrous and shining; peduncles
1-flowered, solitary. Var. MicRopHyLLuM, Hook. Leaves 2-3” long —Stems
6’-1° high, very diffusely branched, from running rootstocks; the leaves are
2-6” long and often rather narrowly oblong, acute at each end; flowers very
small, scarcely 1” in length, nearly white ; fruit small, about 2’’ in diameter,
light red. Abundant in the Uintas, in the shade of pines at 8-9,000 feet alti-
tude; in flower and fruit, July and August. Reported from Sitka and the
Rocky Mountains of British America, (in latitude 52°,) Wyoming and Colo-
rado. (736.)

ArctostapHyLos Uva-Urst, Spreng. The ascending branches 4-6’ high,
forming dense patches ; the “ Kinnikinnick” of the western Indians. From
New Jersey and Wisconsin northward to the Arctic Ocean, while in the
Rocky Mountains and westward it extends from latitude 63° to Northern
California and Colorado ; Council Grove, Kansas, (Abert.) Ruby and Hun-
tington Valleys, Nevada, and frequent in the Uintas and in Bear River Val-
ley ; 6—8,000 feet altitude ; in fruit, July-September. (737.)

ArcTosTapHyLos e@Lauca, Lindl. DC. Prodr. 7. 586. Leaves glaucous,
glabrous, ovate-oblong, entire, acute, coriaceous, very obtuse at base ; racemes
short, compound, with scalelike bracts ; fruit ovate—An evergreen branching
shrub, 2-10° high, with red exfoliating bark; leaves vertical and alike upon
both surfaces, 1-14’ long; flowers light rose-color; fruit flattened, black,
smooth, 3-4” in diameter, filled with triangular rough stony seeds. The
specimens from the Uintas (the most eastern locality in which it has been
collected) are from a low form, but 2-3° high, somewhat pubescent, and with
variable leaves, broadly ovate, oval or obovate upon the same branch, and
subcordate or acute at base. They are distinguished from smooth forms of
A. tomentosa by the perfectly glabrous fruit, but approach the A. pungens of
the herbariums. The plant has, however, perfectly the habit, the smooth red
bark and exceedingly crooked shrubby growth of A. glauca, without any re-
semblance whatever to A. Uva-Ursi, with which the “prostrate” A. pungens
is compared. Oregon, California, Western Arizona, (Bigelow,) and in the
Wahsatch, (Mrs. Carrington.) Washoe Mountains, Nevada, (in flower, April
and May,) and in the Uintas ; 6—9,000 feet altitude. (738.)

GauLTHErta Myrstnrres, Hook. FV. Bor.-Amer. 2. 35, #129. Low;
branches cespitose, rooting; leaves broadly ovate, ciliate-serrate ; flowers
solitary, with several ovate bracts, the subcampanulate corolla scarcely exceed-
CATALOGUE, 211

ing the calyx; anthers obtuse; filaments glabrous; disk none—Stems 2-6’
long, with numerous shining green leaves 4-9” in diameter; flowers white,
1” in length; fruit scarlet. Rocky Mountains of British America to latitude
57°, (Drummond,) and Colorado; Cascade Mountains, (Newberry.) Uinta
Mountains; 8-9,000 feet altitude; August. (739.)

Kaumia Guauca, Ait., Var. micropoyitia, Hook. Leaves somewhat
oval, scarcely 4’ in length.—Leafy stems 1-2’ long, scarcely appearing above
the grass on the turfy banks of alpine lakes ; flowers 1-4, on 1’ long pedicels.
The species extends from Pennsylvania northward to the Arctic Sea, and to
Sitka and Oregon on the Western Coast; Rocky Mountains of Colorado.
The variety is the usual Rocky Mountain form. East Humboldt and Clover
Mountains, Nevada, and in the Uintas; 9-10,000 feet altitude; August, Sep-
tember. (740.)

LepuM GLANDULOsUM, Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., n. s.. 8. 270.
Branches rigid; leaves elliptical, entire, usually obtuse but mucronate, long-
petioled, glabrous on both sides, paler and resinous-punctate beneath ; cap-
sules globose-ovate—‘‘Rocky Mountains,” (Nuttall;) Northern California,
(Bolander 4736, 6546.) Subalpine in the East Humboldt Mountains, Ne-
vada, and in the Uintas; 9-10,000 feet altitude; August, in flower. As
found in Nevada and Utah, it is a low branching evergreen shrub, about 2°
in height, with leaves 4-13’ long, on rather slender petioles 1-4” in length,
minutely reticulate-veined, the margin rarely at all revolute, sometimes pubes-
cent upon the midvein and petiole, and with numerous yellow resinous dots
beneath ; calyx-lobes oblong, very obtuse, ciliate; flowers 4” in diameter, dull
white; stamens 4-10. Californian specimens have the leaves thicker and more
revolute, with the flowers on shorter pedicels and more densely umbeled. (741.)

Pyroua roTunpiFoiia, L., Var. iIncarnata, Hook. The species extends
from the mountains of Georgia northward to New England and throughout
British America to the Arctic Ocean, Greenland and Behring Strait; North-
ern California (Newberry) and Colorado. East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada,
and in the Uintas; 6,500-7,000 feet altitude; July, August. The specimens
are 8-18’ high, with leaves 2-24’ in diameter, with elongated (4-6’) many-
flowered racemes; the calyx-lobes are uniformly triangular-ovate, in this
respect resembling the var. uliginosa. (742.)

PyroLa CHLORANTHA, Swartz. From New England to Pennsylvania
and Wisconsin, and through British America to the Rocky Mountains and the
212 BOTANY.

Arctic Circle; Northern California (Bigelow) and Colorado. A single speci-
men; Echo Cafion, in the Wahsatch; 6,000 feet altitude; July. (743.)

Pyrona secunpA, L. Northern States and through British America to
the Arctic Circle and Pacific Ocean; Washington Territory and Colorado.
Uinta Mountains; 7-8,000 feet altitude; July. (744.)

Moneses unrrtora, Gray. From Pennsylvania and New England north-
ward, throughout British America to latitude 64°, and on the western coast
from Sitka to Washington Territory; Colorado. Uinta Mountains; 9,000
feet altitude; July. (745.)

CuimapHita umBe“LaTa, Nutt. Mountains of North Carolina and
through the Northern States and Canada and westward, to latitude 53°; on
the western coast from Washington Territory to Northern California. Uinta
Mountains, Utah; 8,000 feet altitude; July. (746.)

Prerospora ANDRoMEDEA, Nutt. Pennsylvania to Vermont ; Canada ;
on the Saskatchewan; Washington Territory to Northern California ; Colo-
rado. Uinta Mountains; 8-9,000 feet altitude; August. Stems $-32° high ;
under pines. (747.)

PLANTAGINACE&.

PLANTAGO ERIOPODA, Torr. Ann. NV. Y. Lyc. 2. 237. Perennial; leaves
fleshy, broadly lanceolate, 4—6’ long, 1-2’ wide, attenuate at each end, long-
petioled, glabrous, entire, 5-nerved; base of the leaves and scape clothed with
long dense brown wool; scape 1° high, terete, glabrous or pubescent, with a
cylindrical spike (3-6’ long) of rather remote perfect flowers; bracts scari-
ous-margined, ciliate; stamens and styles very long; bracts broadly ovate,
mostly obtuse; capsules 4-5-seeded; seeds not hollowed.—Anticosti Island,
(Pursh;) Red River Valley, Dakota, and northward to Bear Lake; valley of
the Platte to the Rocky Mountains of Wyoming and Colorado. In clayey
subalkaline soil in Ruby Valley, Nevada, and Bear River Valley ; 6,000 feet
altitude ; July, August. (748.)

Puantaco BiceLovu, Gray. Pac. R. R. Surv. 4. 117. Dwarf, 2-3/
high, annual, somewhat minutely hirsute or glabrous; leaves fleshy, 1-24’
long, linear-filiform, obtuse, entire; spike short-oblong, densely 3-12-flowered;
stamens 2; capsule oblong-ovoid, 3-4-seeded, longer than the calyx and the
ovate acute bract.—Spike in the present specimens linear and rather loosely
10-30-flowered ; style exserted, longer than the stamens; corolla-lobes ovate,
CATALOGUE. 213

reflexed in fruit. Closely resembling P. pusilla, but with twice larger flowers
and fruit, and the capsule (1” or more in length) more protruded. Discov-
ered by Bigelow at Benicia, California. Salt Lake Valley, near the mouth
of Jordan River; June. (749.)

Praytaco Paragontca, Jacq., Var. GNAPHALIOIDES, Gray. From Texas
to Sonora and California, northward to Western Wisconsin and Washington
Territory. Salt Lake Valley and on Antelope Island; May-July. (750.)

PRIMULACE.

Primuta Parryi, Gray. Amer. Jour. Sci., n.s., 34. 257. Leaves ob-
lanceolate, narrowing to a broad fleshy petiole, and with the rest of the plant
somewhat glandular-scabrous, at least upon the margin, which is entire or
denticulate with short glandular teeth; leaves of the involucre subulate or
linear, unequal, acute, several times shorter than the elongated pedicels ;
calyx-lobes broad-lanceolate, acute, equaling the tube of the pink corolla;
corolla-lobes rounded, obcordately 2-cleft or emarginate——Leaves $-1° in
length and scape 4-16’ high, with 6-15 flowers upon unequal pedicels 3-3’
long ; flowers rose-color, becoming purple in drying. Rocky Mountains of
Colorado. Frequent in moist cold localities in the East Humboldt and Clover
Mountains, Nevada, and in the Uintas; 8-11,000 feet altitude; July—Sep-
tember. (751.)

ANDROSACE SEPTENTRIONALIS, L. DC. Prodr. 8. 52. Annual, acaules-
cent, somewhat scabrous-pubescent; leaves rosulate, lanceolate or lanceolate-
ovate, denticulate, with a broad petiole; scapes numerous, many-flowered ;
leaflets of the small involucre narrowly lanceolate, acute; calyx-lobes ovate-
lanceolate, acuminate, equaling the small white corolla.—Very variable in
size; leaves 4-14 long, the 8-20 scapes 3-4’ high, and the 6-20 pedicels
nearly as long. From the Saskatchewan to the Rocky Mountains, and north
to latitude 68°; Behring Strait; Rocky Mountains of Colorado. East Hum-
boldt and Clover Mountains, Nevada, and frequent in the Wahsatch and Uin-
tas; 6,500-10,000 feet altitude; June-September. (752,) and the more
reduced alpine form, (753.)

ANDROSACE OCCIDENTALIS, Pursh. Smaller than ordinary forms of the
last, with fewer scapes and flowers, broader leaves and involucral leaflets, and
larger and more foliaceous calyx-lobes. From Illinois to Arkansas and west
214 BOTANY.

to Colorado, New Mexico and Sonora, Jordan Valley, near Salt Lake City,
under sage-brush; May. (754.)

Doprcarneon Mxapia, L. From Behring Strait and the Arctic Coast
southward to the Saskatchewan, and thence to Pennsylvania, North Carolina,
Alabama, Western Texas and Colorado, and on the western coast to Southern
California. Collected in the Washoe and Havallah ranges, Reese Valley, and
East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch and Uintas ;
5-10,000 feet altitude ; April-September. (755.)

The ordinary dwarf alpine form, 2-8’ high, with 1-few flowers and nar-
row or oblong-lanceolate leaves, tapering to the petioles. (756.)

Var. FricipumM.. Exactly like specimens of D. frigidum, Ch. & Schl,
from Behring Strait; blade of the leaf ovate, narrowing abruptly into the
petiole, subrepand; stems 1-2-flowered, 3-5’ high. Similar leaves occur in
specimens of undoubted D. Meadia, both from California and the Eastern
States. No other difference is perceptible. Found in a single locality in
the Wahsatch; 9,000 feet altitude. (757.)

Lysmmacuta ciniaTa, L. From Mississippi to Colorado and north and
eastward to the Saskatchewan, Canada, and New Brunswick; Washington
Territory. Wahsatch Mountains and Jordan Valley, Utah; 5-6,000 feet
altitude; July. (758.)

Guaux maritima, L. From Cape Cod to Canada and Newfoundland ;
in salt marshes of Northern Dakota and the Saskatchewan Valley ; on the
Upper North Platte, (Frémont,) and in Colorado; and on the west coast from
the Sacramento River to Sitka. Jordan and Tuilla Valleys, near Salt Lake,
Utah; May, June. (759.)

Samotus Vaueranpi, L., Var. Americanus, Gray. From Florida to
Canada and west to the Pacific; reported from Missouri, Arkansas, Indian
Territory, Colorado, New Mexico, Sonora, California and Oregon. Only on
Antelope Island in Salt Lake; June. (760.)

LENTIBULACE.

Urricutaria vuiearis, L., Var. AMertcana, Gray. The species occurs
from Mississippi to North Carolina, and northward to Newfoundland, Labra-
dor, and Mackenzie River; and has been reported from Arkansas, Nebraska,

Colorado, and Oregon. Found in Ruby Lake, Nevada; 6,000 feet altitude ;
August, in flower. (761.)
CATALOGUE. 215

Urricutaria minor, L. From Rhode Island to Ilinois and northward.
Flowerless specimens only, probably of this species, were found in Goose
Creek Valley, Nevada, and in the Uintas; 5-8,000 feet altitude. (762.)

OROBANCHACE.

PHELIPHA ERIANTHERA, Eng. Proc. Amer. Acad., 7.372. (Orobanche
multiflora, Nutt.) Glandular-pubescent, simple or branched; flowers in a
close spike, purplish, somewhat curved; calyx deeply 5-cleft, bibracteate at
base, the segments long and linear ; anthers tufted with hairs—Stems 3-8’
high, stout and fleshy ; the calyx-lobes often much elongated, equaling or
exceeding the corolla, which also varies in the size and depth of its divisions
and in its color. Scarcely differing but in its woolly anthers from P. Ludovi-
cana, with which specimens collected by Dr. Torrey seem to connect both
it and P. comosa. New Mexico and Chihuahua, and frequent in the valleys
and mountains of Nevada and Utah, more usually in subalkaline soils; 4—8,000
feet altitude ; June—October. ‘ Too-whoo” of the Pah-Utes, by whom it is
eaten. (763.)

APHYLLON UNIFLORUM, T. & G. From Newfoundland and Canada to
Florida, Missouri and Texas; California and Washington Territory. Wah-
satch Mountains ; 7,000 feet altitude; June. (764.)

APHYLLON FascicuLatum, T. & G. From Northern Illinois and Lake
Michigan to the Saskatchewan; and collected also inColorado, Sonora, Southern
California and Washington Territory. East and West Humboldt Mountains,
Nevada, in the Wahsatch, and on Antelope Island; 4,300-7,000 feet altitude;
May-July. (765.)

SCROPHULARIACEA.

Verpascum Tuapsus, L. Introduced about the Mormon settlements of
Utah. (766.)

Awytirruinum Kine. Annual, 6-18’ high, simple or branched, slender,
erect, woolly at base, or puberulent, or nearly glabrous throughout, often with
filiform prehensile branchlets; leaves rarely 1’ in length, oblong or usually
narrowly lanceolate or linear, attenuated to a short petiole, alternate or the
lower ones often opposite, mostly longer than the flowers, but the uppermost
becoming very small; pedicels short (1-3”;) calyx-segments unequal, the
posterior one oblong, obtuse, nearly equaling the corolla, the rest oblong,
216 BOTANY.

acute, a half shorter; upper lip of the small dull-white corolla 2-lobed, about
equaling the palate; capsule globose, 1-2” in diameter, somewhat oblique,
terminated by the short straight and very slender style; seed deeply reticu-
lated.—Flowers 2-3” long. Approaching nearest to A. vagans, Gray, which,
however, has the flowers and fruit twice larger, the capsule more oblong and
pointed, the persistent style long and deflexed, the petioles considerably
shorter and the corolla more saccate. Collected by Stretch in Washoe Valley,
and not rare in the dry valleys of Western Nevada from the Washoe to the
Shoshone Mountains; also found on Stansbury Island in Salt Lake. Prats
XXI. Fig. 1. <A well developed plant; natural size. Fig. 2. Corolla.
Fig. 3. Lower lip of corolla, and stamens. Fig. 4. Calyx; all enlarged
four diameters. Fig.5. A portion of the stem of A. vagans, Gray; taken
from a Californian specimen, (192 Bridges,) and rather more glandular-hairy
than the usual form. (767.)

ScropHutaria woposa, L. From Florida to Canada and throughout
the Eastern States; Arkansas, Colorado, and from California to Washington
Territory. In the West Humboldt Mountains and Humboldt Pass, Nevada,
and in the Wahsatch ; 5-6,000 feet altitude; June—-October. Like all western
specimens, these are somewhat glandular-pubescent throughout and especially
in the panicle, the leaves truncate or hastate and very coarsely toothed at base,
and the calyx-lobes short and triangular-ovate. (768.)

Coninsia PaRvirtora, Dougl. From Lake Superior to Lake Winnipeg
and the Saskatchewan; from Washington Territory to Middle California ;

Colorado and New Mexico, (Ives.) Frequent throughout Nevada and in the
Wahsatch ; 48,000 feet altitude; May—August. Stems becoming decum-
bently branched, 3-18’ long. (769.)

Prntstemon Menzies, Hook. Gray’s Revis. Pentst., Proc. Amer Acad.,
6.59. Suffruticose and much branched, glabrous or minutely puberulent ;
leaves thick, rather small, (1' or less in length,) elliptical with a narrowed
base or obovate-oblong, serrate, dentate; peduncles usually 1-flowered ;
sepals lanceolate, or from ovate to acuminate-lanceolate; corolla violet or pur-
ple, 1’ long, somewhat bilabiate, the throat dilated; anther-cells divergent,
more or less adnate above, dehiscent the whole length and becoming ex-
panded, very woolly; sterile filament strongly bearded or nearly naked.—
Rocky Mountains of British America, (latitude 51°,) and southward in the
 

PLATE XXL

1-4 ANTIRRHINUM KINGII. 5, AVAGANS .
CATALOGUE. 217

mountains to Oregon and California. Very variable. The typical form, Var.
Lewis, Gray, was collected by Dr. Anderson near Carson City, Nevada.

PENTSTEMON BREVIFLORUS, Benth. G'ray, l. c., p. 57. Suffruticose,
branched, 3-6° high, glabrous; leaves coriaceous, 1-2’ long, linear or oblong-
lanceolate with a narrowed base, sharply serrulate; inflorescence panicled,
the peduncles several-flowered ; sepals ovate, acuminate, glabrous or glandular-
hirsute; corolla more or less glandular-bearded externally, yellow with a
tinge of purple, deeply bilabiate and ringent, with the lips equaling or longer
than the very short tube; anther-cells divergent, adnate above, dehiscent the
whole length and becoming expanded, glabrous, as also the sterile filament —
California, and collected by Anderson (136) near Carson City, Nevada.

PENTSTEMON GLABER, Pursh. Gray, l.c., p.59. Very glabrous; leaves
usually glaucous, sessile, entire, the cauline lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate ;
flowers large, in a thyrsoid panicle; sepals broadly ovate, submembranous
upon the margin, obtuse or more or less pointed ; corolla bright-purple, widely
dilated above, the limb shortly 2-lobed, with the lobes rounded and spreading
equally ; anthers loosely hairy or glabrous, the divaricate cells dehiscent from
the base nearly to the summit, but not expanded; sterile filament short-
hirsute towards the apex, or glabrous—From the Upper Missouri to Wash-
ington Territory and south to New Mexico. The specimens accord nearly
with Var. occIDENTALIS, Gray, (P. speciosus, Dougl.,) having the anthers and
sterile filament glabrous and the leaves often narrow. Stems 6’—2° high,
usually several from the same root, stout, with fleshy leaves 2-3’ long and
4-9" wide; the numerous violet-purple flowers an inch or more in length.
Washington Territory, (Douglas,) and Nevada, (Beckwith, Stretch.) Fre-
quent in the valleys and foot-hills from the Trinity to the Havallah Moun-
tains, Nevada; 5-7,000 feet altitude; May-June. (770.)

Var. Urauensis. Stems 3° high, straight and slender; cauline leaves
3-4’ long, oblanceolate, tapering to the clasping base ; sepals ovate-acuminate,
not at all membranous; anthers and sterile filament hirsute-—Of very dis-
tinct habit, and perhaps a good species. Uinta Mountains, (Pack’s Cafion,)
Utah ; 7,000 feet altitude; July. Imperfect specimens in Herb. Gray., col-
lected by Burke in the mountains near Fort Hall, Southern Idaho, appear to
be the same, though the flowers are smaller. (771.)

Prytstemon cyanantuus, Hook. (P. glaber, Var. cyananthus, Gray ; l.c.,

p. 60.) Glabrous; cauline leaves broadly ovate, acuminate; thyrsoid pani-
28
218 BOTANY.

cle very short ; sepals ovate-lanceolate with a long attenuated acumination,
scarcely membranous upon the margin; anthers and sterile filament strongly
hirsute; otherwise as in P. glaber—Stems slender, 12-2° high; leaves 2=3°
long by 1-2’ broad, but slightly glaucous; the dense panicle but 3’ in length.
The specimens accord with the original description and figure in the Botani-
cal Magazine, and leave no doubt that the species should be maintained.
First found in the Rocky Mountains, probably of Wyoming, Wahsatch Moun-
tains, Utah, near Salt Lake City; 5,000 feet altitude; May. (772.)

Prentstemon Frimonti, T. & G. Gray, l.c., p.60, Pruinose-puberulent,
a span high or more; lower leaves spatulate, the cauline sessile, lanceolate,
entire; panicle strict, spikelike, naked, the cymelets approximate, several-
flowered, very shortly peduncled; sepals oblong-ovate, acute, membranous
upon the margin; corolla 9” long, narrowly funnel-form, scarcely bilabiate,
the lobes rounded, spreading; anthers as in P. glaber, sparingly hirsute ;
sterile filament dilated and bearded at apex.‘ Uinta Plains,” Utah, (Fré-
mont;) Donner Pass, California, (896 Torrey.)

Var. Parryi, Gray, Ms. Stems slender, 1-2° high; leaves lanceolate
or ovate-lanceolate, 2’ long and 4-9” wide; the panicle few—many-flowered,
more or less interrupted, with the peduncles 2-1’ in length; flowers purple
or occasionally nearly white ; anthers glabrous except along the dehiscence.—
Colorado, (Parry.) Toyabe, Diamond and East Humboldt Mountains,
Nevada; 6-7,000 feet altitude; July, August. (773.)

PENTSTEMON CaHRULEUS, Nutt. Gray, l.c., p.61. A span high, glabrous,
or the upper stem and leaves usually minutely pubescent, glaucous; leaves
thick, entire, sessile, linear-lanceolate ; inflorescence thyrsoid, virgate, the
peduncles 3-several-flowered, mostly very short; sepals lanceolate, acuminate,
the margin usually ciliate, membranous; the corolla 6” long, somewhat
dilated, scarcely bilabiate, with spreading lobes, purple; anthers glabrous,
dehiscing to the summit and becoming expanded, often with short-ciliate
margins ; sterile filament usually dilated and yellow-bearded at the apex.—
The single specimen in the collection is 1° in height, wholly glabrous except-
ing the sterile filament, the larger cauline leaves 2’ long and 3-4” broad, the
lower ones spatulate; the lower cymelets on peduncles 1! in length. Colorado,
Wyoming, and on the Upper Missouri. Diamond Valley, Nevada, in a grassy
subalkaline meadow ; 6,000 feet altitude; J uly. (774)

PENTSTEMON AcUMINATUS, Dougl. Gray, 7.c., p. 61.  Glabrous and
CATALOGUE. 219

glaucous, 6-18’ high ; radical leaves spatulate, the cauline lanceolate, oblong,
ovate-lanceolate or subcordate, thick and rigid; thyrse elongated, with numer-
ous flowers; the peduncles mostly very short or none; sepals ovate or lanceo-
late; corolla 6-10” long, blue or purple, with the anthers and sterile
filament as in the last; capsule very sharply acuminate——The specimens,
collected near Humboldt Lake, Nevada, (May,) are an extreme form; stems
stout, 2° high, uppermost leaves broadly cordate and abruptly acuminate,
gradually diminishing to the top of the stem, the numerous flowers sessile
in their axils; corollas reddish-purple, scarcely 6” long; sepals lanceolate,
acuminate. 390 of Hall & Harbour is an approach to the same form. As
recognized, the species is exceedingly variable. From Chihuahua and Western
Texas to Colorado; on the Red and Saskatchewan Rivers; Northern Idaho
and Washington Territory. (775.)

PENTSTEMON CENTRANTHIFOLIUS, Benth. Gray, /.c. p. 63. Glabrous
and glaucous; stems 1—3° high, slender; leaves entire and fleshy, the lower
cauline petioled and oblanceolate, the upper sessile and clasping, ovate or
lanceolate; thyrse elongated, the peduncles 1—3-flowered, shorter than the
pedicels; sepals broadly ovate; corolla 1’ long, scarlet or rarely white, tubu-
lar and scarcely dilated above, the limb short and equal; anthers dehiscing
to the apex and becoming expanded, glabrous; sterile filament glabrous.
—Southern California; Arizona, (Palmer.) Provo Cafion, in the Wahsatch ;
6,000 feet altitude; July. (776.)

PENTSTEMON caspItrosus, Nutt. Gray,/l.c., p, 66. Grayish-puberulent ;
the branches numerous from the base, short (2—6’) and crowded, decumbent
or ascending, leafy to the apex; leaves 3-12” long, oblanceolate or linear-
spatulate, acute and submucronate, entire; peduncles axillary, short, secund,
usually with 2 leafy bracts and 1-3 flowers ascending upon short pedicels;
sepals linear-lanceolate, somewhat broader and scariously margined at base ;
corolla 6-9” long, blueish-purple, tubular, somewhat dilated above and biplicate,
the limb shortly bilabiate with nearly equal.lobes; anthers glabrous, the cells
becoming expanded; sterile filament bearded—Colorado and Wyoming Ter-
ritories. Barren hills of Bear River Valley, near Evanston, Utah; 6,000
feet altitude; July. With the short leaves and nearly sessile solitary flowers
of Nuttall’s original specimens. (777.)

Pentstemon cristatus, Nutt. Gray, lc, p.67. Viscid-pubescent ;
lower leaves oblanceolate, petioled, upper ones oblong-lanceolate, sessile,
220 BOTANY.

clasping, entire or denticulate; panicle strict, with short appressed 3-4-
flowered peduncles ; sepals linear-lanceolate, attenuate, very hirsute; corolla
1’ long, violet, broadly funnel-form above the calyx, somewhat bilabiate, the
lower lip and sterile filament strongly bearded with long hairs; anthers
glabrous, expanding.—In a single locality on a limestone ridge near Roberts
Creek Station, Nevada; the specimens 1° high, with rather leafy close con-
spicuously bracted panicles. Western Nebraska and on the Upper Missouri
from Southern Dakota to the Rocky Mountains. (778.)

PentstemMon Paumeri, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad., 8. 291. Stout, 2-5°
high, glabrous, glaucous, the panicles glandular-puberulent; leaves broadly
ovate- or oblong-lanceolate, sharply and unequally sinuate-dentate, the lower-
most spatulate and petioled, the upper amplexicaul; panicle naked, elon-
gated, racemose, the rather short peduncles 2—4-flowered, with small bracts
and slender pedicels; sepals ovate, mostly acute; corolla 13’ in length, pale
purple or rose-color, broadly dilated-campanulate above the calyx, with an
open throat and somewhat expanded limb, the lower lip bearded; anthers
glabrous, expanding; sterile filament exserted, curved above and very hirsute
with yellow hairs.—A well-marked and exceedingly handsome species, near
P. Cobea ; cauline leaves 3-5’ long and 2’ wide. Arizona. Foot-hills of the
Trinity, West and East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 5—6,000 feet altitude ;
June, July. Also from Southern Utah, (Palmer.) (779.)

Pentstemon uuminis, Nutt. (?) Gray, lc. p.69. Minutely puberu-
lent or somewhat glabrous, 3-10’ high; lower leaves ovate-spatulate or
oblanceolate, petioled, the upper oblong or linear-lanceolate, sessile and clasp-
ing, all acute or acuminate and entire ; peduncles rather short, appressed,
2—-5-flowered; sepals ovate-lanceolate with usually a slender herbaceous re-
curved acumination, and with the pedicels viscid-pubescent; corolla 4-8”
long, deep-blue, dilating upwards, somewhat bilabiate, the throat open and
without folds; anthers glabrous, expanding; sterile filament yellow-bearded.
—The specimens differ from those collected in Colorado in being more
puberulent and with the deep-purple corolla (4-7 long) rather less dilated,
the lower lip frequently somewhat bearded. East Humboldt Mountains,
Nevada; 8,000 feet altitude ; July. (780.)

Var. (?) Stem very slender, 4-8’ high; lower leaves ovate, abruptly
contracted into the petiole, the upper oblong, 4-8” long and 3” wide, clasp-
ing, all entire and abruptly acute, or obtuse and mucronate ; flowers light
CATALOGUE. 21

blue, 4-5” long, the lower lip bearded, tube more dilated and the limb more
spreading than the last—This may be a reduced alpine entire-leaved form of
P. pruinosus, Dougl., and was also collected by Lyall. In the Wahsatch
Mountains; 9-10,000 feet altitude; July, August. (781.)

PENTSTEMON GLAUCUS, Grah. Gray, lc. p. 70. Glabrous, excepting
the viscid-pubescent inflorescence, 4-14° high; leaves somewhat glaucous,
denticulate or entire, the lower ovate or lanceolate, petioled, the, upper
oblong-lanceolate, dilated at base and clasping; thyrse subcompact, or more
usually interrupted, with 2-4 pairs of cymelets which are more or less
peduncled ; sepals ovate-lanceolate; corolla 1’ in length, violet or lilac-color,
abruptly and widely dilated above the base, the throat open and without
folds, the lower lip slightly longer and sparingly villous with long hairs;
anthers glabrous and expanding; sterile filament yellow-bearded. Var.
STENOSEPALUS, Gray. The sepals lanceolate, with a long and slender
acumination.— The specimens are exactly those of the Colorado collections,
but taller (1-2°) and with a more loose and interrupted inflorescence. The
flower was most usually of a dull lurid purple-color, rarely light-blue. In the
Wahsatch and Uinta Mountains; 9-10,000 feet altitude; July, August. (782.)

PENTSTEMON CoNFERTUS, Dougl. Gray, lc. p. 72. Glabrous, upright ;
lower leaves oblong-lanceolate, petioled, the upper sessile and lanceolate or
somewhat ovate, all entire; flowers in an interrupted spike, densely clustered,
the upper cymes nearly sessile, often reflexed; sepals with a broad scarious
margin, lanceolate or ovate, acute or usually acuminate, often erose-dentate
or laciniate; corolla 5-6’ long, sulphur-yellow, narrow, somewhat bilabiate,
with the palate sparingly hairy ; anthers glabrous, expanding; sterile filament
bearded. Var. c@RULEO-PURPUREUS, Gray. Stems 6’-2° high, with the
corolla deep bluish-purple——From the Saskatchewan to Washington Terri-
tory and Northern California, and in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado.
Wahsatch Mountains, Utah; 6,000 feet altitude; June, July. (783.)

An alpine form of the same variety, 6’ high, with the corolla but 3-4”
long and less dilated, sometimes reddish-purple, the sepals short and erose-
dentate, was found in the West Humboldt and Clover Mountains, Nevada ;
9,000 feet altitude; August, September. (784.)

Pentstemon pEustus, Dougl. Gray, /.c., p. 73. Glabrous; stems nu-
merous, branching from a woody base; leaves often laciniately or pectinately
serrate, the cauline oblong or lanceolate; panicle strict, densely many-flowered,
222 BOTANY.

the cymes pedunculated; sepals lanceolate, acuminate ; corolla yellowish, #’
long, scarcely bilabiate and but little dilated; anthers glabrous, expanding ;
sterile filament glabrous——The numerous specimens of the collection differ
in some respects from the above description, having the panicles for the most
part elongated and not crowded, the upright peduncles rarely equaling the
flowers, the leaves denticulate or entire, and the sterile filament frequently
bearded with yellow hairs. Stems 4-15’ high, ascending; leaves 4-1y in
length, 2-4” wide, sometimes very obtuse and erosely dentate ; flowers usu-
ally secund, dull brownish-yellow or slightly rose-colored. Idaho and Wash-
ington Territory. Foot-hills of the Trinity and Pah-Ute ranges and in the
East and West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 5—7,000 feet altitude; June-
August. (785.)

PENTSTEMON GRACILENTUS, Gray; /.c, p. 75. Stem slender, ascending,
about 1° high, glabrous; leaves entire, the lower 2’ long, lanceolate, attenu-
ate into slender (1‘) petioles, the upper linear with a narrowed base, and the
floral ones linear-setaceous ; peduncles few, slender, 3—-5-flowered ; the sepals
and pedicels equal, glandular-puberulent; the blue corolla 4’ long, slightly
dilated above ; anthers glabrous, the cells confluent at the apex and dehiscent
downward to the middle, minutely denticulate upon the margins; the sterile
filament filiform and bearded—Northern California and near Carson City,
Nevada, (111 Anderson.)

PENTSTEMON HETEROPHYLLUS, Lindl. Gray, Uc. p.75. Glabrous or
pruinose-puberulent, scarcely glaucous; leaves entire, the. cauline linear-
lanceolate or narrowly linear, attenuate at base; raceme virgate, the slender
peduncles 1- or rarely 2-flowered ; sepals broad, abruptly acuminate; corolla
reddish-purple, 1’ long, dilated-funnelform above, slightly bilabiate; anther-
cells confluent at the apex, dehiscent to the middle, and saccate at base, hir-
sutely ciliate upon the margins—Stems 1-24° high, slender, often diffusely
branched ; leaves 2-4’ long, 1-5” wide. The present specimens are all
glaucous, with unusually small sepals, scarcely a line in length and mostly
obtuse. California, throughout its whole length. Wahsatch Mountains,
(Provo Cafion ;) 6,000 feet altitude; July. (786.)

Var. LaTiIFoLius. Shrubby at base; leaves ovate, oblong or lanceolate,
9-24’ long by 4+-1’ wide; sepals ovate with a long reflexed acumination.
Wahsatch Mountains; 5-8,000 feet altitude; J uly, August. (787.)

Prenrstemon Kineu. Pruinose- or glandular-pubescent, at least below ;
CATALOGUE. 233

stems numerous from a shrubby base, ascending, 4-8: high; leaves oblanceo-
late, mostly acute, entire, sessile with a narrowed base, the lowermost some-
what spatulate and short-petioled, 1-2’ long by 2-4” wide; the secund
racemes short and rather leafy at base, with 1-4-flowered peduncles; sepals
ovate or oblong-lanceolate, more or less acuminate, sometimés slightly scari-
ous and erose upon the margin; corolla 8” in length, purple, dilated. upward,
somewhat bilabiate; anther with confluent lobes, dehiscent to the middle,
glabrous but hirsute-ciliate upon the margins; sterile filament flattened toward
the apex, glabrous.—-From the West Humboldt Mountains to Monitor Valley,
Nevada, and in the Wahsatch and Uintas; 6-7,000 feet altitude; June,
July. (788.)

Mimuuvus Lewisu, Pursh. DC. Prodr.10. 370. Puberulent and some-
what viscid-pubescent, erect; leaves amplexicaul, oblong or rarely ovate,
acute, subdentate or denticulate, 5-7-nerved; peduncles longer than the
leaves; teeth of the dilated tubular calyx short, acuminate; corolla large,
1-12’ in length, deep rose-color, the throat spotted with yellow, lobes not
reflexed ; anthers included, glabrous—Stems 1-3° high, with leaves 2-3’
long; musky; growing on the banks of mountain streams. Distinct from
M. cardinalis, which is a Californian species, villous, with ovate erose-dentate
leaves, reflexed corolla-limb and subexserted villous anthers. The latter
probably occurs in the Sierras of Western Nevada, but 28 Anderson from
near Carson City has glabrous anthers and is a doubtful specimen. Rocky
Mountains of British America (latitude 56°) and Southern Montana; Wind
River Mountains, Wyoming ; Cascade Mountains, Oregon. East Humboldt
Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch and Uintas; 7—8,000 feet altitude ;
July, August. (789.)

Mimutvus tutevs, L. DC. Prodr.10. 370. Glabrous or viscid-puber-
ulent; stem ascending or erect; leaves mostly erose-dentate, orbicular, ovate,
or somewhat oblong, the lower long-petioled and often sublyrate, the upper
sessile or cordate-amplexicaul, about 7-nerved, shorter than the peduncles ;
calyx ovate, becoming inflated, with ovate teeth, the upper one largest; tube
of the dilated yellow corolla twice longer than the calyx, the lower lip
bearded.—Very variable; stem 3/42 high, somewhat stoloniferous at base ;
corolla 6~18” in length. On the western coast from Unalaska to California ;
Utah and Colorado. Frequent on the banks of mountain streams through
Nevada and Utah; 5-6,000 feet altitude; May-July. (790.)
224. BOTANY.

Var. Flowers small, 3-6” in length; stems 2-10! high ; mostly depau-
perate specimens—It is difficult to draw a line of distinction between M.
luteus and M. glabratus, and so far as North American specimens, at least,
are concerned, there can be but one species. Even the same plant may show
reduced flowers at the base and large well-developed corollas above. M. pro-
pinquus, Lindl. is probably the same. M. Jamesii is more distinct in its habit
and will doubtless be retained, though at one time referred to AM. glabratus.
Havallah, West Humboldt and Diamond Mountains, Nevada; 5,500 6,000
feet altitude; June-September. (791.)

Var. aLpinus, Gray. Stems 3’ high from a decumbent or creeping base,
1-3-flowered; leaves mostly sessile, somewhat entire-—Collected by Parry
in Colorado, and by Lyall on the Northern Boundary. East Humboldt
Mountains Nevada; 9,000 feet altitude; August. (792.)

Miunus primutowss, Benth. DC. Prodr. 10. 372.  Glabrous or
sparingly pilose, stoloniferous; stem 2-4’ high, somewhat winged; leaves
sessile, 2-1’ long, obovate or orbicular, entire or denticulate, 3—-5-nerved ;
peduncles few, (1-2,) elongated, 1-2’ in length; calyx tubular, 3-4” long,
but slightly dilated in fruit, the teeth short and equal; corolla yellow, 3’ in
length.—A pretty subalpine species. Cascade and Blue Mountains of Wash-
ington and Oregon Territories ; California. East Humboldt Mountains, Ne-
vada; 8,000 feet altitude; August. Collected also by Anderson near Carson
City. (793.)

Minus Fuoripunpus, Dougl. DC. Prodr. 10. 872. Viscidly pilose ;
stems slender, 2-18’ long, diffusely branching at the base, ascending; leaves
petioled, 3-18” in length, ovate, dentate or denticulate, the lower subcordate,
somewhat pinnately 5-7-nerved ; peduncles axillary to nearly every leaf, soli-
tary, slender, mostly exceeding the leaves; calyx ovate, 5-angled, with short
subequal teeth, becoming much dilated; corolla yellow, 3-4” long, twice
longer than the calyx.—Washington Territory to California. Truckee Val-
ley and East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch; 4,500-
6,000 feet altitude; July-September. (794.)

Mimutus moscnatus, Dougl DC. Prodr. 10. 372. Stem viscidly
woolly, branching from the base, prostrate or suberect ; leaves on short peti-
oles, ovate, acute, dentate, pinnately nerved, viscidly pilose; peduncles
usually a little shorter than the leaves, solitary; calyx tubular, becoming
ovate, the teeth lanceolate, acuminate, somewhat unequal; corolla-limb yel-
CATALOGUE. 225

low, subequally 5-lobed, the lower lobe pubescent, the tube about half longer
than the calyx.—Growing in the mud, and stems often rooting, 3-12’ long;
leaves $14’ and corolla 6-9" long; diffusing a strong musky odor. Wash-
ington Territory to Northern California. East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada,
and in the Wahsatch; 7-8,500 feet altitude; June-August. (795.)

Mimuuus pPitosus. (Herpestis, Benth. DC. Prodr. 10. 394.) Annual,
erect, 2-10’ high, branched from base, viscid and very softly pilose ; leaves
1-2’ long, sessile, oblong or lanceolate, acutish, mostly entire; peduncles a
little exceeding the calyx but becoming elongated, shorter than the leaves;
corolla yellow, 3” long, scarcely exceeding the calyx, broadly tubular, slightly
dilated above, the upper lip more or less 2-lobed, the lower with two purple
spots at base; capsule 23’’ long, ovate-oblong, acute, subsulcate above, the
valves usually entire—Calyx unequally 5-toothed, angular, enlarging some-
what in fruit. The apparent continuation of the sinuses in a membranous
line to the base may probably account for the reference of this plant to Her-
pestis, where it has formed the section Mimuloides. The divaricate anther-
cells are oblong, instead of linear as described, and the dilated apex of the
style is suborbicular and apparently entire. Northern California. Collected
in Truckee River bottom; July. (796.)

Mimvuuvus ruBewuus, Gray. Mer. Bound. Rep., p.116. Annual, dwarf,
(2-3' high,) glabrous or viscid-puberulent; stem erect, simple or much
branched; leaves:2~6” long, obovate or spatulate, narrowly oblong or lanceo-
late or linear, 3-5-nerved, mostly entire, sessile and narrowed at base or the
lower shortly petioled, about equaling the peduncles; calyx oblong, 1-2” in
length, becoming somewhat dilated, the mouth squarely truncate with short
equal teeth; corolla yellow, red, or purple, small and scarcely exserted, or
2-8 times longer than the calyx and the limb dilated—A quite variable spe-
cies, including M. montioides, Gray. The extremes of form are connected by
intermediate grades; as in M. glutinosus and Eunanus Frémonti, the corolla
may be either red or yellow, and even in the yellow-flowered variety the
calyx and often the whole plant is more or less purplish. New Mexico and
Colorado; in the Sierras of California; and collected also by Lyall on the
Northern Cascade Mountains. Washoe, East Humboldt and Clover Mount-
ains, Nevada, Wahsatch Mountains and Antelope Island, Utah; 5-10,000

feet altitude; April-September. (797.)
29
226 BOTANY.

Var. tatirLora. The form with larger corolla, 5-6” in length, the limb
dilated and throat conspicuously dotted with purple—A pretty dwarf flower
of earliest spring, forming bright patches of color among the sage-brush in the
lower valleys, the delicate inch-long stem seeming scarce able to sustain the
absurdly disproportionate flowers that terminate it, Carson Valley, Nevada ;
April. (798.)

Eunanus! Fremont, DC. Prodr. 10. 374. Viscidly pubescent or
villous; stems 1-10! high, simple or branching from the base ; leaves 6-18”
long, obovate, oblong or lanceolate, attenuate to the base, entire or obscurely
denticulate, rather acute ; peduncles 1-4” long, shorter than the leaves; calyx
3-4” long, oblong, membranous, becoming much inflated, the teeth triangular-
ovate, acute, subequal or the upper a little longer than the lower; corolla 4-1’
long, yellow or deep purple, with subequal retuse lobes, the throat usually
bearded; style funnelform at top; ovary oblong-linear, membranous, a little
exceeding the calyx.—Varying greatly in size; early specimens have a single
flower, the length of which often exceeds that of the stem, while later in the
season they become 6’ or more in height, more or less branched and with nu-
merous flowers. Throughout California. Frequent on the foot-hills of the
Washoe, Trinity, Pah-Ute and Toyabe Mountains, Nevada; 5-6,000 feet
altitude; April—July. (799.)

Evwanus Brornovu, Gray. Pac. R. R. Surv. 4. 121. More or less
viscid-pubescent, 1-6’ high; cauline leaves oblong-lanceolate or broadly
ovate, sessile, numerous and embracing the nearly sessile flowers; calyx 4-5”
long, subcampanulate, strongly plicate-angled, mouth scarcely oblique, teeth
unequal, triangular-subulate, pungent, rather more than half the length of the
tube; corolla-tube twice longer than the calyx, limb broadly spreading, lobes
of equal length; stigma entire—Southern California and Western Arizona,
(Ives.) Found near Virginia City by Bloomer, and by Dr. Torrey (372) at
Steamboat Springs in Washoe Valley, Nevada. Judging from the descrip-
tion E. Tolmiet may be the same. £. Coulteri has narrow radical leaves and,
as well as EZ. Douglasii, an elongated narrow-throated herbaceous calyx and

 

1 EUNANUS, A.DC. Calyx tubular, 5-angled, 5-toothed. Corolla-tube long-funnelform ; limb
subequally 5-cleft or bilabiate, the upper lip large, erect, deeply bifid, the lower nearly equal or shorter ;
throat naked. Stamens 4, fertile; anther-cells distinct. Style dilated and petaloid at apex, varying in
form. Capsule oblong, dehiscing loculicidally, the valves entire, bearing attached to the middle the
septum with the separated placenta. Seeds small, ovoid-compressed.—Dwarf annual herbs, with oppo-
site leaves and axillary solitary flowers, the corolla disproportionately large and the anthers often cruci-
ately approximate in pairs.
PLATE XXU

 

3-6 CORDYLANTHUS KINGIL.

1.2 SYNTHYRIS PINNATA .
CATALOGUE. 227

elongated corolla-tube, and the latter species also a peculiar almost woody
gibbous-based oval capsule.

Gratiota Vireriniana, L. From the Gulf of Mexico to Canada, the
Red River of the North and Oregon. Truckee Valley, Nevada, (W. W.
Bailey ;) July. (800.)

LimosELia aquatica, L. Leaves long-petioled, oblong or linear-spatu-
late—The petioles in some of the present specimens are unusually elon-
gated, (2—7’,) the floating limb being 4-8” long and 2-3” in width, and the
submerged peduncles 2—4” in length; in other specimens, not submerged, the
entire leaf is but an inch in length with a much narrower blade; capsules
oblong, somewhat acute. York Factory on Hudson’s Bay; Rocky Mount-
ains, Colorado. Goose Creek Valley, Nevada, and in the valleys of the Wah-
satch and Uintas; 6,000 feet altitude; July-September. (801.)

SYNTHYRIS PINNATIFIDA. Somewhat villous; stem 3-8’ high, usually
exceeding the leaves; radical leaves long-petioled, pinnately-divided, broadly
ovate in outline, the lower of the 3-4 pairs of lobes nearly distinct, the
upper confluent, all laciniately pinnatifid and the segments laciniately toothed ;
cauline leaves bracteate to the pedicels, small, mostly ovate, toothed, or the
uppermost oblong and entire; raceme 1-2’ long, densely flowered above ;
calyx-lobes oblong, mostly obtuse; corolla nearly twice longer than the calyx,
incurved, the lower lip deeply 3-lobed, the upper entire—Found only in
fruit, with the remains of flowers, which are apparently white. Wahsatch
‘Mountains, on a rocky ridge at the head of American Fork Cafion; 9,000
feet altitude; August. Pxiats XXII. Fig. 1. A plant; natural size Fig. 2.
Flowers ; enlarged four diameters. (802.)

Veronica Anacatuis, L. Northern States, and throughout Canada to
the Rocky Mountains, Washington Territory and Sitka; Nebraska; New
Mexico. In Thousand Spring Valley, Nevada, and in the Jordan and Weber
Valleys, Utah; 4,500-6,000 feet altitude ; May-September. (803.)

Veronica Americana, Schwein. Northern States; Canada and to the
Saskatchewan ; Colorado, California, and Alaska. Rather frequent in Ne-
vada and Utah, from the West Humboldt Mountains to the Uintas; 5—8,000
feet altitude; May—October. Much more common than the last, but some-
times growing with it; flowers deeper blue. (804.)

Veronica aupina, L. In the White Mountains; Labrador and Green-
land; Unalaska, Sitka, and in the mountains southward to Washington
228 BOTANY.

Territory, and in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado. East Humboldt and
Clover Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch and Uintas; 8-9,000 feet
altitude; July-September. (805.)

Veronica serpyiuirouia, L. “From Unalaska southward throughout
the continent ;” reported, west of the Mississippi, from Colorado and Idaho.
In the Wahsatch and Uintas; 8-9,000 feet altitude; July, August. Sub-
alpine and rare. (806.)

Veronica perecrina, L. From Canada to the Great Slave Lake, the
Upper Missouri, and Northern California, and southward throughout the
continent. Rather frequent through Nevada and Utah; 4,500-6,500 feet
altitude; May-September. (807.)

CasTILLEIA LinaRtH@rouia, Benth. DC. Prodr. 10. 232. Gray's Rev.
Castil., Amer. Jour. Sci., n. s., 84. 885. Glabrous or loosely woolly-pubes-
cent above ; leaves long and usually linear, entire or often 3-cleft or 3-parted,
narrowed at base, the floral ones scarlet-colored and acute; spike inter-
rupted ; calyx incurved, deeply cleft anteriorly, subulately 4-toothed at the
apex; galea of the corolla elongated and usually much exserted, the lobes of
the lower lip linear-subulate-—Stems 14-2° high, (4-6°, Thurber,) from a
woody base, simple or branched, somewhat glaucous, shining, rarely pubes-
cent throughout; leaves 1-3’ long, occasionally 3-4” broad, 1-nerved or
more or less 3-nerved at base; flowers sessile or upon short peduncles, the
calyx 4-1’ long, usually exceeding the bracts, colored; corolla 1-2’ long,
nearly glabrous, bright scarlet, the yellow galea usually 1’ or more in length
or sometimes scarcely exsert. A showy and well-marked species, growing
on dry rocky mountain sides. Sonora, Arizona, New Mexico, and Colorado.
Washoe, East and West Humboldt and Toyabe Mountains, Nevada, and in
the Wahsatch ; 6—8,000 feet altitude ; June-September. (808.)

CASTILLEIA AFFINIS, H. & A. Gray, /. c., 336. Root annual or bien-
nial; hirsutely pubescent or sometimes nearly glabrous; leaves linear or
lanceolate-attenuate, the floral ones rarely 3-cleft; flowers more or less
pedicelled ; calyx cleft to the middle, both above and below, the segments
narrow, usually 2-cleft or emarginate ; galea elongated, falcate, the lip very
short.—California; Arizona, (Ives.) Var. minor, Gray. The floral leaves
colored only at the tips; calyx green and herbaceous; galea of the pale cor-
olla but 3-4” long and little exceeding the calyx—Northern Mexico and
New Mexico. The numerous specimens of the collection show a slender
CATALOGUE. 229

leafy stem, 14-2° high, simple or branched ; leaves varying from linear to
oblong-lanceolate, 2-8” in width and 14-4’ long, with a long attenuate acu-
mination, strongly 3-nerved, the floral ones more or less dilated at base and
exceeding the flowers, which are either axillary along nearly the whole
length of the stem or clustered at the summit, where alone the tips of the
bracts are conspicuously colored. Only on stream-banks; Truckee and
Ruby Vallies and in the East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 4-6,500 feet
altitude ; July-September. (809.)

CasTILLEIA PARVIFLORA, Bong. Gray, 7. c., 336. Perennial; pilose-
pubescent or hirsute nearly throughout, scarcely hispid; leaves for the most
part 3-cleft or laciniately pinnate, the floral ones more or less dilated and
nearly always colored; calyx deeply cleft both above and below, the seg-
ments either emarginately 2-lobed or deeply bifid with the lobes oblong or
linear; lip of the corolla very short—The most common and a rather vari-
able species; stems 3-20’ high, usually numerous, simple or branched;
the lower leaves usually, and sometimes nearly all, entire and linear; spike
usually short and dense, sometimes elongated; the color of the floral leaves
varies from deep-red to flesh-color and yellow, rarely green; the galea often
scarcely exceeds the calyx, or may be exserted 5-6”. From Washington
Territory to Colorado, Arizona, (Ives,) and Southern California. Very fre-
quent on mountain slopes, from the Washoe Mountains to the Wahsatch ;
5-10,000 feet altitude; April-August. (810.)

CasTILLEIA PALLIDA, Kth. Vermont and New MHampshire, and
throughout British America from Labrador to the Great Bear Lake, and
Behring Strait; southward in the mountains to California, Northern
Arizona, and Colorado. Found from the Truckee to the East Humboldt
Mountains, Nevada, and in the Uintas and Wahsatch; 6-10,000 feet alti-
tude; June-September. The floral leaves in the specimens are mostly
entire, broadly oval and often rounded at the apex, not unfrequently conceal-
ing the flowers; the galea varies much in length, scarcely exserted from the
calyx or 4-6” long; bracts usually dull-scarlet rather than ochroleucous,
which color was met with only in Utah. It would not appear from these
specimens that any constant length of galea gives ground for a variety
miniata. (811.)

Var. With the floral leaves narrower and lobed, the lower leaves
linear or lanceolate ; color ochroleucous or shades of red. Truckee Valley,
230 BOTANY.

East Humboldt and Clover Mountains, Nevada; 5 9,000 feet altitude ; July
September. (812.)

CasTmuLeIa FLAVA. Perennial; stems numerous, 10-15’ high, villous-
pubescent at base, canescently puberulent above, simple or branched; leaves
with a short woolly pubescence, linear, entire, or the uppermost with a few
linear lobes, the floral ones somewhat dilated and colored, (yellow,) deeply
3-cleft, the lanceolate lobes equaling the calyx; spikes dense, elongated,
3-6’ long; calyx 2-cleft, the anterior fissure reaching to below the middle,
twice deeper than the posterior one, the lobes 2-toothed ; the yellowish-
green galea 4” long, exserted its whole length, the lip very short.—Ap-
proaching C. purpurea and integra. Bear River Valley, near the Uintas ;
7,000 feet altitude; July. (813.)

Ortnocarpus! nispipus, Benth. DC. Prodr. 10. 535. Pilose-pubes-
cent; stems 4-12’ high, strict, rather slender, simple or branched ; leaves
linear to ovate-lanceolate and few-lobed, or linear and entire; spike dense,
interrupted below; bracts dilated, about equaling the flowers, coarsely and
acutely 5-lobed; calyx 3-4” long, the lanceolate teeth shorter than the tube ;
corolla 5-9” long, yellow, puberulent or glabrous, the galea subulate, very
acute, straight, exceeding the somewhat saccate lip; teeth very short ; capsule
8” long, ovate——Collected on the Columbia River by Douglas and Lyall, in
the Klamath Valley by Cronkhite, and near Carson City, Nevada, by Dr.
Anderson.

OrtHocarpus Tormier, H.& A. DOC. Prodr. 10. 536. Erect, pu-
berulent, 4-18’ high, the branches virgate, spreading; leaves linear or
linear-lanceolate, 1-2’ long, entire or rarely incised, the bracts divaricately 3-
cleft, the lobes acuminate; spikes short, (1-2’,) rather dense; calyx 2-3”
long, the tube twice exceeding the ovate-lanceolate teeth; corolla 4-6” long,
bright yellow, glabrous, the galea uncinate, little exceeding the narrowly
saccate 3-plicate lip, slightly hairy on the margins, the teeth very short;
capsule oblong, 2” long, retuse, compressed ; seeds 4-6, oblong, 1” long,

 

1ORTHOCARPUS, Norr. Calyx tubular-campanulate, membranous at base, usually subequally
4-cleft or 4-toothed. Corolla-tube slender; galea erect, entire, channeled, the margin inflexed ; lower
lip shorter, 3-plicate or 3-saccate, subentire at the apex or with three erect teeth. Stamens with one
anther-cell fixed by the middle, the other pendulous, smaller, or wanting. Capsule loculicidal. Seeds
usually numerous and small, with a loose reticulated or pitted testa, the radicle usually pointing toward
the hilum.—Annual herbs, (perennial in O. pallescens,) with alternate leaves mostly incised toward the
apex, the flowers sessile or short-pediceled in rather close terminal leafy spikes, the bracts mostly 5-7-
lobed, From the Rocky Mountains westward to the Pacific. BENTH., in DC, Poa,
CATALOGUE. 231

ascending, longitudinally striate, and narrowly margined on the ventral side.—
Collected only by Tolmie in Southern Idaho, but not rare in the Wahsatch
Mountains, Utah ;- 6-9,000 feet altitude; J une—August. The radicle is
described by Bentham in his genéric character as inferior ; in this species as
in the following it is, at least sometimes, superior. (814.)

OrTHocarrus LuTEus, Nutt. DC. Prodr. 10. 586. Somewhat resem-
bling the last, but hispid, with the branches erect and strict; spikes elon-
gated and rather dense; bracts oblong or ovate, entire or 3-lobed or very
rarely 5-lobed, the segments acute or obtusish ; calyx 3~4” long, the lance-
olate or ovate acute teeth a little shorter than the tube ; corolla pubescent
and the margins of the galea more hairy, little exceeding the bracts ; cap-
sule 3” long, oblong, obtuse, many-seeded ; seeds small_—Ovary about 36-
ovuled, the ovules more or less pendulous, and orthotropous, campy lotropous-
reniform or anatropous even in the same ovary. From the Saskatchewan
and Red River of the North to Washington Territory and southward in the
Rocky Mountains to New Mexico. Washoe and Ruby Valleys, Nevada;
4,500—6,000 feet altitude; July-September. (815.)

OrTHOCARPUS PILOSUS. Perennial (?), pilose-pubescent; stems rather
stout, ascending, branched, 10’ high; leaves 2-3’ long, lanceolate, 3-nerved,
divaricately few-lobed, the middle lobe broad, dilated and rounded at the
apex ; calyx cleft nearly to the base anteriorly, 4-lobed to the middle, nearly
equaling the (9 long) puberulent yellowish corolla; lip 3-plicate, mode-
rately dilated, the narrow oblong teeth nearly half shorter than the straight
acute galea; capsule 4” long, oblong, acute; seeds small, pitted—Collected
only by Stretch in Washoe Valley, Nevada; a single specimen in Herb.
Torrey.

CorpyLantuus' capitatus, Nutt. DC. Prodr. 10. 597. Gray, 1. c.,
882. Erect, 1-2° high, branched, pilose-pubescent ; leaves pinnatifid, 3-
cleft or mostly entire, floral ones 3-cleft or subpinnatifid ; flowers capitate

 

! CORDYLANTHUS, Nutr. Calyx 1-2-leaved, spathe-like, the leaves nerved, entire, or the upper
one emarginate or rarely 2-cleft. Corolla tubular, slightly dilated upward; lips short, rarely unequal
in length, the lower broad and with three very obtuse and short crenations. Stamens (4 or sometimes 2)
as in Orthocarpus. Anther-cells either pilose-ciliate or with the base and apex minutely bearded. Style
usually with an uncinately inflexed apex, thickened beneath the entire terminal stigma. Ovules several,
ascending, almost orthotropous with a minute beak that becomes reflexed, or campylotropus-reniform.
Capsule compressed, loculicidal. Seeds few or rather numerous, the nucleus small in comparison with
the testa, narrow, nearly straight, apiculate ; radicle superior—Annual branching herbs with narrow
leaves, the yellow or dull-purple flowers capitate, spicate or in panicles at the extremities of the branches.
Gray, Proc. Amer, Acad. 7. 381.
Zon BOTANY.

sessile, with usually a single linear obtuse bract; calyx 2-leaved, the lower
leaf exterior in zstivation, 83—-5-nerved, the upper 2-nerved and 2-toothed at
the apex, corolla 6-8” long, purplish ; stamens 2, the filaments flattened and
nearly glabrous and the anthers 1-celled; capsule oblong, 8-seeded.—Accord-
ing precisely with the fragment of Nuttall’s own (Californian?) specimen in
Herb. Gray., in which also the anther is 1-celled, instead of 2-celled as de-
scribed ; the lower sepal is 3-nerved at base, 5-nerved toward the apex.
Foot-hills of the Clover Mountains, Nevada; 6,500 feet altitude ; Septem-
ber. (816.)

CorpDYLaNTHUS RAMosUS, Nutt. DC. Prodr. 10. 597. Erect, 6-10’
high, branched, canescent with a minute scabrous pubescence; leaves pin-
nately 3—-5-parted with filiform segments, the floral ones with 5-7 equal fili-
form lobes scarcely dilated at the apex; flowers capitate; bracts entire or
2-3-lobed; calyx-leaves but little shorter than the yellow (6—8” long) corolla,
ovate or oblong, obtuse, 5-6-nerved, the upper one emarginate ; stamens 4,
filaments more or less villous, the anthers 2-celled ; capsule 4—5” long, linear-
oblong, 20-seeded.—Very near C. filifolius, but probably distinct. The
apparently filiform segments of the leaves are in reality narrowly linear with
closely revolute margins. Monitor and Ruby Valleys and East Humboldt
Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch; 6-9,000 feet altitude; July,
August. (817.)

CorDYLanTHUS TENUIS, Gray; /. c., 383. Loosely panicled, 2° high,
very minutely puberulent, almost glabrous; branchlets filiform, leaves nar-
rowly linear or filiform, entire, the floral ones with a callous apex, rarely
bidenticulate or emarginate; flowers becoming scattered; calyx-leaves ob-
long-lanceolate, 5-6-nerved, the upper one entire or emarginate ; corolla
6-8” long, purplish and yellowish; stamens 4, with more or less villous fila-
ments and 2-celled anthers ; seeds semi-ovate, with recurved beak, smooth —
In the California Sierras, and near Lake Tahoe, Nevada, (Anderson. )

CoRDYLANTHUS LAXIFLORUS, Gray. Bot. Mex. Bound. 120. Rev. Cord.,
Lc, 383. 1-2° high, paniculately branched, very hirsute, subglandular ;
leaves all linear, short, entire or rarely trifid; flowers solitary or approxi-
mate upon the short leafy branches, with a single bract; sepals 6-nerved,
the upper one bidentate; corolla yellow, rather deeply bilabiate, the lower
lip a half shorter than the galea; stamens 4, the lower anther-cell either
CATALOGUE. 233

abortive or on the shorter stamens wholly wanting ; filaments slightly vil-
lous.—Sonora, (Thurber;) near Great Salt Lake, (Frémont.)

CoRDYLANTHUS CANESCENS, Gray; 7. c., 388. Hoary with a short. soft
pubescence; stem erect, 1° high; leaves lanceolate-linear, acute, suberect,
entire ; flowers purplish, few, in a simple spike or head, each sessile in the
axil of a clasping lanceolate bract; bractlets none; the single calyx-leaf
opposite to the bract, 2-toothed ; filaments glabrous, and the anther-cells
hairy only at base—Near Carson City, (Anderson,) and Lake Washoe,
(Torrey.)

Corpytantuus Kine. Erect, branched, pubescent with glandular
hairs; leaves 3-cleft, segments linear; flowers in a loose simple spike, soli-
tary and sessile in the axils of clasping bracts, which are 3-5-cleft and
equaling the flower; bractlets none; calyx-leaves single and opposite to the
bract, 2-3-toothed at the apex; stamens 4, with hairy filaments and 2-celled
anthers, which are bearded at the base and apex.—F lowers few, (4—6,) pu-
bescent with reflexed hairs, rather large, (10” long,) purple. Rare; found
only on a limestone ridge near Roberts Station in Monitor Valley, Nevada ;
6,000 feet altitude; July. Prats XXII. Fig. 3. A plant; natural size.
Fig. 4. Bract and calyx-leaf; natural size. Fig. 5. Corolla, laid open.
Fig. 6. Ovary and style; enlarged two diameters. (818.)

Pepicunaris Granuanpica, Retz. DC. Prodr. 10. 566. Erect, 1-2°
high, glabrous; stem simple, leafy ; leaves pinnately parted, the segments
lanceolate-linear, serrate ; spikes elongated, 3-8’ long, many-flowered ; calyx
(2~3”) tubular, 5-toothed, the upper tooth smallest and the lateral ones with
very shallow sinuses; galea of the reddish corolla arched, exceeding the
calyx, produced into an elongated subulate beak twice longer than the calyx,
nearly straight or more usually becoming strongly recurved upward and
almost circinate——Greenland, Labrador, and from Hudson’s Bay to the west-
ern side of the Rocky Mountains, and southward to Wyoming and Colorado.
East Humboldt, Wahsatch, and Uinta Mountains; 7-9,000 feet altitude ;
July, August. (819.)

Pepicunaris Bractzosa, Benth. DC. Prodr. 10. 574. Glabrous or
with the spike somewhat pilose; stem erect, 1-2° high, leafy; leaves pin-
nately parted, the segments lanceolate, incisely dentate or pinnatifid ; spike
elongated (3-8',) densely many-flowered, the bracts ovate, acuminate and

somewhat membranous; calyx-lobes lanceolate-setaceous ; galea of the yel-
30
934 BOTANY.

low corolla slightly incurved, not beaked, hooded above and terminating in
an obtuse somewhat 2-toothed projection, lip much shorter—On the Sas-
katchewan and in the Rocky Mountains westward, and in Colorado. Uinta
Mountains; 8-9,000 feet altitude ; July, August. (820.)

PEpICULARIS RACEMOSA, Dougl. DC. Prodr. 10. 580. Glabrous ; stems
numerous, simple or occasionally branching above, ascending, 1-2° high,
leafy ; leaves short-petioled, narrowly lanceolate, doubly serrate with minute
teeth; flowers axillary in a raceme that is loose and leafy at base; calyx
cleft above, 2-toothed, the teeth more or less acute; galea of the ochroleucous
corolla arched and with a long subulate incurved beak—Growing in clusters
in the damp shade of pines, without radical leaves, deep-green; leaves 2-4’
long, the serratures usually white-glandular ; lip dilated, equaling the galea.
Mountains of Washington and Oregon Territories, and Colorado. In the
Wahsatch and Uintas; 8-9,000 feet altitude; July, August. (821.)

VERBENACEZ.

VerBena nastata, L. Widely distributed; through the Eastern States
and from Canada to the Saskatchewan; Arkansas, Kansas, and New Mexico;
California. Only about cultivated fields in Utah Valley and probably intro-
duced. (822.)

VERBENA BRAcTEOSA, Mx. From Wisconsin to Kentucky, and westward
to New Mexico, Kansas, and the Upper Missouri, and in Oregon. Found
only on the foot-hills about Salt Lake City. (823.)

LABIATZ.

Menrua Canavensis, L. From New England to Pennsylvania, Ken-
tucky, Arkansas, and New Mexico, and northward to Newfoundland, Hudson’s
Bay and the Mackenzie River, and from Washington Territory to California.
Truckee, Humboldt, and Ruby Valleys, Nevada, and in the Uintas; 4,500-
7,000 feet altitude; July. Stems glabrous below. (824.)

Lycopus sinuatus, Ell. Gray, in Proc. Amer. Acad., 8. 286. (L.
Europeus, Var. sinuatus, Gray.) Throughout the region east of the Mississippi,
Canada, and the Saskatchewan Valley, in Arkansas, Nebraska, New Mexico,
and from Washington Territory to California. Found only in the Wahsatch
Mountains, (American Fork Cafion;) 6,000 feet altitude; August. (825.)
CATALOGUE. 235

MonaRDELLA’ ODORATISSIMA, Benth. DC. Prodr. 12. 190. Stems
numerous, 6-10’ high, ascending from a decumbent branched woody base ;
leaves subsessile, oblong-lanceolate, 4-1’ long, acute at each end, very entire
or with a few obscure denticulations, hoary or at length becoming green ;
outer bracts broadly ovate, very obtuse, colored, (purplish,) equaling the
elongated tubular calyces.—Heads of flowers 3-1’ in diameter; lobes of the
rose-colored corolla oblong-linear, 3” long, often sprinkled as well as the rest
of the plant with resinous dots; calyx-teeth and margins of the bracts softly
villous. In the mountains from Washington Territory to Southern California.
East and West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch ; 8,000
feet altitude; July-September. (826.)

SATUREIA HORTENSIS, L. Unionville Catton, West Humboldt Mountains,
Nevada; doubtless escaped from gardens. The specimens show a 13-nerved
calyx, the 3 sinus-nerves of the lower lip being double. (827.)

Satvia Co_umBarr#, Benth. DC. Prodr. 12. 349. Annual, herbace-
ous, erect, 4-18’ high, but little branched ; leaves deeply pinnatifid, rugose,
hoary-pubescent or rather glabrous, the lobes oblong-linear, obtuse, erose or
incisely dentate, the upper lobe scarcely broader; floral leaves bractlike ;
whorls solitary or in pairs, remote from the leaves, densely many-flowered
and hemispherical, 6-12” in diameter; the bracts broadly ovate, membra-
nous, acuminate and imbricate ; upper lip of the ovate pubescent calyx elon-
gated and concave, the lower one shorter; corolla-tube included, the middle
lobe of the lower lip crenulate—Bracts and calyx usually more or less purple
Southern California and Western Arizona. Found only in Truckee Pass,
Nevada; 4,000 feet altitude; May and November. (828.)

AUDIBERTIA Incana, Benth. DC. Prodr.12. 359. Canescent or some-

 

1MONARDELLA, BrntH. Calyx tubular, often elongated, 10-13-nerved, 5-toothed ; teeth short,
nearly equal, straight, throat naked within——Corolla-tube equaling the calyx or slightly exserted, the
throat glabrous within ; somewhat bilabiate, the upper lip 2-cleft, the lower 3-cleft, and the lobes all
oblong or linear, flat and nearly equal. Stamens 4, somewhat equal or the lower ones longer, straight,
divergent and exserted. Anthers with two parallel cells, becoming divergent or divaricate. Styles very
shortly 2-cleft. Nutlets dry.—Annual or perennial, herbaceous or suffrutescent. Verticils large, sub-
globose, solitary and terminal, surrounded by broad bracts. With nearly the habit and calyces of
Monarda and corolla of Pycnanthemum. BENTH., in DC. Prodr.

1AUDIBERTIA, Bento. Calyx ovate, bilabiate, the upper lip concave, entire or shortly 3-toothed,
the lower 2-cleft, the throat naked. Corolla-tube equaling the calyx or exserted, bilabiate, the upper lip
with two spreading lobes, the lower 3-cleft, the lateral lobes ovate or oblong, spreading, the middle one
very broad and emarginate. The fertile stamens ascending and usually exserted, the rudiments of the
lower ones small and clavate or none. Anthers dimidiate, with an ascending linear connective, jointed
to the filament, bearing upon its summit the linear 1-celled anther, and not produced at base or very
shortly acuminate.—Shrubby, villous, or more frequently hoary-tomentose ; the whorls usually densely
many-flowered, with bract-like floral leaves, BENTH., in DC. Prodr.

‘
236 BOTANY.

what pubescent above, 6-15’ high; branches divaricately branched ; leaves
obovate or obovate-oblong, obtuse or retuse, entire, narrowed at base and
short-petioled, 3-14’ long; floral leaves scarcely larger than the bracts, sessile,
broadly ovate or nearly orbicular, ciliate, often purplish; whorls densely
flowered, globose, distinct; calyx pubescent, with the oblong obtuse lobes of
the lower lip shorter than the broadly rounded entire and very obtuse upper
one; corolla pale blue, the tube straight, naked, and glabrous within, twice
longer than the calyx, and the lower lip nearly twice longer than the upper
one, with the middle lobe very broad, concave, emarginate and denticulate.
Oregon, (Douglas;) Western Nevada, (Beckwith, Anderson;) Providence
Mountains, Southern California, (Cooper.) Washoe and West Humboldt
Mountains, and in Monitor Valley, Nevada; 4,500-6,000 feet altitude ; May-
August. (829.)

LopHANTHUS URTICHFOLIU’, Benth. DC. Prodr. 12. 368. Glabrous,
erect, 2-4° high; leaves cordate-ovate, crenate or serrate, green upon both
sides, obtuse or the uppermost somewhat acute, the floral ones sessile, ovate
and acute; bracts few, lanceolate-linear, shorter than the calyx ; spike dense,
oblong, 2-4’ long; calyx 2-6” long, incurved, glabrous or puberulent, the throat
oblique, the membranous teeth colored, long-subulate-acuminate, the upper
ones longest; corolla purple, shortly exserted, the throat slightly inflated and
limb short; stamens much exserted——Mountains of Oregon and California.
Very abundant in mountain cafions in Nevada, and also in the Wahsatch and
Uintas ; 6-8,000 feet altitude; July-September.—There is considerable varia-
tion in the length of the calyx and calyx teeth, and a close approach at times
to L. anisatus, but the leaves are uniformly broad-cordate at base and are rarely
whitish beneath. (830.)

Nepera Carart, L. Cafions of the Wahsatch, near settlements ; doubt-
less introduced. (831.)

DRACOCEPHALUM PARVIFLORUM, Nutt. Along the Great Lakes and
through Central British America to Great Bear Lake and on the Youkon in
Alaska; on the Upper Missouri and southward to New Mexico and Northern
Arizona. In the Wahsatch; 5-6,000 feet altitude; May-—J uly. (832.)

BrunELLA vuLearis, L. Through the Eastern States to Newfoundland
and Canada, and westward on the Saskatchewan ; on the western coast from
Unalaska and Sitka to the Sacramento River. East Humboldt Mountains,
CATALOGUE. 237

Nevada, and in the Wahsatch and Uintas ; 6-8,000 feet altitude; July-Sep-
tember. (833.)

ScuTELLaRIa RESINOSA, Torr. DC. Prodr. 12.427. Annual, or bien-
nial and somewhat woody at base; pubescent or puberulent, somewhat glan-
dular, much branched from the base, the stems mostly simple, low, (2-12’ ;)
leaves 4-1’ long, short-petioled, broadly ovate or oblong, obtuse, entire or
sometimes crenate, rounded or cuneate at base, never cordate, the floral ones
similar ; flowers axillary, opposite, secund, very variable in size ; corolla blue,
2-9’ long, densely villous, attenuate at base, usually more than four times
longer than the herbaceous calyx—Including S. Drummondii, Benth.
Western Texas, New Mexico and Colorado. West Humboldt and Havallah
Mountains, Nevada; 5,000 feet altitude; June—October. (834.)

SCUTELLARIA GALERICULATA, L. From North Carolina northward to
Newfoundland, Canada, Saskatchewan and Great Bear Lake ; in Oregon and
Colorado. Wahsatch Mountains, Utah ; 5-6,000 feet altitude ; July. (835.)

SauazaRia’ Mexicana, Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound., 133, t. 39. Shrubby,
2-3° high; branches slender, spreading or declined, terete, hoary with a
minute appressed pubescence; leaves 4-1’ long, ovate or oblong-lanceolate,
acute at base, slightly pubescent, 3-nerved; flowers 2-6, short-pedicelled ;
calyx 2” long and often nearly as broad, becoming 6” in diameter in fruit ;
corolla blue, 6-10” long, pubescent; style long and filiform, nutlets nearly
1’"in diameter—Southern Nevada, (Frémont;) Chihuahua, (Parry;) Southern
Utah, (Palmer.)

Marrusium vuLtesre, L. Wahsatch, near settlements. (836.)

Stacoys patustris, L. Hirsute throughout; leaves very short petioled.
From Newfoundland and the Northern States through Canada to Great Bear
Lake, and from Washington Territory to Northern California; Southern
California, (? Thurber.) In Truckee and Ruby Valleys, Nevada, and Weber
and Provo Valleys, Utah; 5-6,000 feet altitude; July, August. (837.)

 

1SALAZARIA, Torr. Calyx tubular-campanulate, without appendages, becoming much enlarged
and bladdery-inflated, reticulated ; shortly bilabiate, the tips slightly unequal, entire and very obtuse.
Corolla-tube long-exserted, recurved-ascending, the throat dilated ; limb bilabiate, upper lip concave,
entire, the lower broadly convex, emarginate, the lateral lobes short and united to the upper lip.
Stamens scarcely exserted ; anthers ciliate, the upper 1-celled and cordate. Style long and filiform,
entire. Nutlets depressed-globose, minutely tuberculate. Cotyledons incumbent ; radicle short.—A much
branched shrub; leaves petioled, entire; racemes terminal, few-flowered.
238 BOTANY.

BORRAGINACE,

LrTHOsPERMUM LONGIFLORUM, Spreng. From Southern Texas to Western
Illinois, Wisconsin, and the Saskatchewan, and westward to Sonora, New
Mexico, Colorado and the Rocky Mountains. Only on the foot-hills near
Salt Lake City, rare; 5,000 feet altitude; May. (838.)

LirnosPermuM piLosum, Nutt. Pl. Wyeth. Jour. Acad. Phil, 7. 43.
(L. ruderale, Dougl. Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer., 2. 89.) Stems 1-12° high, her-
baceous, strict, numerous from a perennial root, simple or branched above,
hirsute, sulcate; leaves 1-3’ long, numerous, sessile, linear or linear-lanceo-
late, acuminate but mostly pointless, strigose and somewhat hispid; spikes
very leafy, short and terminal; flowers nearly sessile; calyx hirsute, 5-parted,
lobes unequal, linear; corolla dull greenish-yellow, 3-4” long, villous, the
broad cylindrical tube equaling the calyx, the lobes rounded ovate; throat
naked but with somewhat prominent folds; nutlets large, 2” in length—A
well-marked species, but including L. Torreyi, Nutt., /. c., as represented by
an original specimen in Herb. Torrey. Washington Territory, (Douglas,
Wyeth.) Frequent in the lower cafions, from the Washoe Mountains,
Nevada, to the Wahsatch; 5-6,500 feet altitude; May-July. (839.)

295 Parry and 441 Hall & Harbour, (referred to this species,) are the
same as 627 Fender, (L. multiflorum, Torr., Ms. in Herb.,) 1562 Wright, at
least in part, and 442 Frémont, 1843, having slender branched stems 1-14°
high, with broadly linear subacute leaves, the yellow flowers nearly sessile in
terminal elongated racemes, 6” long, the tube much exceeding the linear sepals;
nutlets 12” long, smooth and shining, (dull and scabrous in one of Wright’s
specimens.) This seems to be the L. incisum, Torr., of James’s collection.
L. decumbens, Vorr., of that collection, is L. hirtum, Lehm.

MERTENSIA OBLONGIFoLIA, DO. Gray’s Revis. Mert., Sill. Jour., (n. 8.)
34, 340. Stems low (4-8” high,) smooth, suberect; leaves oblong or spatu-
late-lanceolate, for the most part obtuse; calyx 5-parted or deeply 5-cleft,
the segments lanceolate or linear, acute, ciliate or nearly smooth, about half
the length of the corolla-tube, which is glabrous within and 2-3-times longer
than the 5-cleft limb ; filaments dilated, as broad as the anthers or broader,
but less in length—Leaves nearly glabrous, often somewhat glaucous, more
or less scabrous upon the margin with short stiff curved hairs, and occasion-
ally roughish with similar hairs upon the upper surface ; panicle short and
crowded; flowers sometimes white. An early flowering species, growing on
CATALOGUE. 239

moist slopes. Inthe mountains from Idaho to Colorado and Utah. Fre-
quent in the Washoe, Trinity and East and West Humboldt Mountains,
Nevada; 6-9,000 feet altitude; April—July. (840.)

Var. Somewhat taller, 10-19! high, with the flowers more loosely pani-
cled ; but for the obtuse leaves, approaching the smaller forms of M. Sibirica.
East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 7,000 feet altitude; July. (841.)

Murrensta Ststrica, Don. G'ray, 2. c., 340. Usually tall, 1-5°-high,
glaucescent, glabrous or subpubescent; cauline leaves ovate or ovate-lanceo-
late or often oblong-lanceolate, acute or acuminate ; calyx 5-parted, the lobes
oblong or oblong-linear, obtuse, ciliate, 2—-4-times shorter than the tube of
the corolla, which is sparingly pilose or almost glabrous within; limb of the
corolla 5-cleft, more than half longer than the tube; filaments dilated, shorter
than the anthers.—Mostly confined to the banks of mountain-streams, and
quite variable; the taller specimens have often the leaves 6’ or more in
length and 2-3’ broad, more or less petioled; in the lower ones they are
more usually oblong-lanceolate and mostly sessile; panicles loose ; pubescence
as in the last; corolla 4-6” in length. Rocky Mountains of Colorado and
Wyoming, and probably northward. In the East and West Humboldt Moun-
tains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch and Uintas; 6—9,000 feet altitude;
June-August. (842.)

MERTENSIA PANICULATA, Don. Identical in foliage and habit with the
last, but distinguished by its general roughness (varying in degree,) and by
its lanceolate acute calyx-segments.—The extreme forms of the two species
are sufficiently distinct, but numerous intermediate states can be referred as
well to one as the other. All the specimens of the collection with elongated
and acute calyx-lobes are placed here, whatever the degree of pubescence.
Shore of Lake Superior, Rocky Mountains of Colorado and Wyoming, and
northward; Behring Strait. Battle and Toyabe Mountains, Nevada, and
in the Wahsatch and Uintas; 5—7,000 feet altitude; May—August. (848.)

Var. ntvatis. A reduced alpine form, 3-6’ high; hirsutely pubescent
throughout, especially so upon the oblong-lanceolate calyx-lobes; leaves
oblong, acute, the lowest petioled, the uppermost ovate and clasping. Uinta
Mountains; 10-12,000 feet altitude; August. (844.)

MERTENSIA BREVISTYLA. Low (4-10’,) pubescent with short appressed
rigid hairs, the lower surface of the leaves excepted; leaves oblong or oblong-
lanceolate or oblanceolate, very obtuse; flowers in a loose panicle; calyx
240 BOTANY.

deeply 5-cleft or 5-parted, very hirsute, lobes oblong- or ovate-lanceolate,
usually acute ; corolla-tube short, equaling or but little exceeding the calyx,
and rarely as long as the deep-blue limb; anthers inserted near the base of
the tube, and included within it; style very short—This was collected by
Frémont in 1844 on Spanish Fork in the Wahsatch ; by Stansbury, also in
the Wahsatch; by Burke in Southern Idaho, and by Hall & Harbour (443)
in Colorado. It is a pretty species, of peculiar habit, growing on rather dry
slopes; placed by Dr. Gray under M. alpina, but the differences are so con-
stant and obvious that it ‘seems to deserve higher rank. In the Wahsatch
and Uintas; 5-7,000 feet altitude; May, July. Prats XXTIL Fig. 1.
Flowering stem; natural size. Fig. 2. Flower, laid open; enlarged six
diameters. (845.)

Amsinckia! LycopsorEs, Lehm. DC. Prodr. 10. 117. Very hirsute,
erect, 2/-3° high, simple or branched ; leaves ovate-, oblong- or linear-lance-
olate, acute or obtuse, becoming white-papillose-scabrous with age ; corolla
2-5’ in length, the deep-orange limb rather narrow, the throat pilose or glab-
rous, and the filaments variously inserted upon the tube-——The numerous
specimens are so exceedingly variable in habit, foliage, position of the sta-
mens and other characteristics of the flower, that it becomes unavoidable to
include in this species both A. Mexicana, Mart. & Gal. and A. intermedia,
and perhaps also A. spectabilis, Fisch. & Mey., and the Chilian species A.
angustifolia, Lehm., as has already been suggested by both Dr. Torrey and
Dr. Gray. From Washington Territory to Sonora, Arizona and Utah. Fre-
quent on dry slopes from the Washoe Mountains to the Wahsatch ; 4-6,500
feet altitude; April—July. (846.)

PiprocaLyx® crrcumscissus, Torr. (Lithospermum, H.& A. DC. Prodr.
10. 84.) Very hispid with white rigid hairs; stems numerous, branched,
ascending, 1-2’ high; leaves 2-4” long; the deciduous portion of the 5-angled
calyx about 1” long; corolla very small, white, scarcely exceeding the calyx ;

 

TAMSINCKIA, Leum. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla salver-form, plicate in estivation but without
scales, the tube narrow and usually much longer than the lobes. Stamens with very short filiform fila-
ments. Style elongated, included. Nutlets 4, narrow-ovoid, more or less triangular, attached to the
style to above the middle. Seeds exalbuminous, the radicle superior, and the obovate cotyledons
2-parted.—Annual, hispid, with alternate entire leaves and racemose spicate ebracteate yellow flowers.

?PIPTOCALYX, Torr. Calyx 5-cleft, circumscissile above the base, deciduous. Corolla salver-
form, the throat with 5 folds or gibbw but without scales. Stamens included. Nutlets 4, triangular-

ovate, attenuated above, glabrous and shining, attached to the axis the whole length.—Annual, dwarf,
with linear alternate leaves, the minute flowers in terminal leafy scorpioid racemes.
CATALOGUE. 241

stamens with very short filaments, inserted upon the middle of the tube; nut-
lets very nearly smooth upon the back.—Beautifully figured in the unpub-
lished plates of the Wilkes’s Exploring Expedition. Collected by Tolmie
and Burke in Southern Idaho and by Stansbury in Southwestern Wyoming.
It is also 376 Frémont, from the Mohave Valley, Southern California, and 162
Anderson and 332 and 336 Torrey, from Western Nevada. On the Pah-Ute
Mountains, Nevada, and on the shore of Antelope Island, Utah; June. (847.)
Var. Stems 2-5, erect and simple, 3-2’ high. Probably only an early
form of the species. Found near Carson City, Nevada; April. (848.)
Erirricutum* vittosum, DC. Prodr. 10. 126. Stems 3-6’ high, loosely
branched at base and caspitose, rooting below, the flowering shoots elonga-
ted, leafy, erect, pubescent; leaves elliptic-oblong, acute, sparingly villous
with long silky hairs, racemes in pairs, erect, several-flowered, bracteate at
base; nutlets truncate upon the back, which is surrounded by a margin of
inflexed ciliate-serrate teeth. Var. arrtiorpes, Hook. Dwarf, 3’—2' high,
densely czespitose and covered with soft silky hairs; lower leaves crowded,
cauline few; tube. of corolla scarcely exceeding the calyx, limb bright blue,
1-3” in diameter; nutlets nearly 1” in length, concave upon the back, the
toothed margin conspicuous.—Probably biennial. Rocky Mountains of Colo-
rado. Uinta Mountains, Utah; 12,000 feet altitude; August; the flowers
considerably smaller than is usual in the Colorado specimens. (849.)
ERITRICHIUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM, Torr. Pac. R. R. Surv. 5. 363. (Wil-
liamson’s Rep.) Annual, very hispid with mostly spreading hairs; stem 3’-1°
high, suberect, branched ; leaves linear or narrowly oblong, obtuse ; racemes
terminating the branches, usually bifurcated and at length elongated, fre-
quently short and subcapitate ; flowers sessile, bractless; calyx (2-3” long in
fruit) very hispid with yellowish hairs, the lobes narrowly linear; corolla
white, 3-1” long, the stamens inserted near the base on very short filaments ;
nutlets (1-4) oblong, acute, nearly 1” long, convex and very minutely granu-
lated upon the back, attached to the style to the middle by a ventral groove-—

 

1ERITRICHIUM, Scurap. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla salverform, the throat closed by small
obtuse scales. Stamens and style included. Nutlets 4, attached laterally, (usually) near the base, the
surface of insertion very narrow, imperforate at base, flat (or convex) anteriorly, the angles smooth or
rarely crenate.—Mostly annual, with entire and commonly alternate leaves, the usually very small blue
or white flowers in lateral or axillary spicate racemes. Differing from Myosotis in the quincuncial zsti-
vation of the corolla and the more or less lateral insertion of the nutlets, which are also usually rugose
or granulate upon the back, and from Echinospermum in the attachment of the nutlets (in most cases) not
extending above the middle of the style, the nutlets not dilated below, prickles rare and not barbed, and
the attachment of the seed ventral and not at the apex, DECANDOLLE, Prodromus.

31
242 BOTANY.

Southern California, Arizona and Sonora, probably as far northward as Ore-
gon. Frequent on the foot-hills and in the dry valleys from the Trinity
Mountains to the Wahsatch; 4,300-5,000 feet altitude; May, June. (850.)

Errrricuium Caurrornicum, DC. DC. Prodr. 10. 130. Root slender,
annual; stems weak, simple or usually diffusely branched, ascending, decum-
bent or prostrate; pubescence appressed, strigose; leaves linear or narrowly
oblong, acute or obtuse, ciliate, occasionally opposite and subsheathing; ra-
cemes leafy at base, becoming much elongated ; flowers sessile or upon very
short pedicels ; calyx 5-parted, lobes lanceolate or linear, about equaling the
corolla, enlarging and spreading and subfoliaceous in fruit; corolla white, with
5 yellow 2-parted scales on the throat, the lobes of the limb very obtuse;
nutlets triangular, rugose—A quite variable species, growing in muddy and
usually subalkaline localities; stems 4’-1° in length, the calyx ordinarily very
hispid with yellowish hairs. E. Chorisianum and E. Scouleri, with longer
pedicelled flowers, are considered a variety. . connatifolium, Kell., is doubt-
less the same. From Washington Territory to Southern California, Arizona,
(Ives,) Colorado, and Northern Dakota, (Nicolet.) Frequent from the Wa-
shoe Mountains to the Wahsatch, both in the valleys and in the high cafions;
4—9,500 feet altitude; April-September. (851.)

Erirricuium cLomeratum, DO. DC. Prodr.10. 131. “Perennial” or
at least biennial; stem simple, erect, 6-18" high, usually solitary and rather
stout and rigid, very hirsute with spreading hairs, leafy especially at base ;
leaves 2-4’ long, alternate, oblong- or linear-spatulate or oblanceolate, sub-
acute, hirsute and usually more or less appressed-pubescent; spikelets 5-7-
flowered, lateral, axillary, clustered, more or less peduncled and usually
bifurcated or the upper ones sessile, often forming a narrow elongated spike-
like raceme, the subtending leaves often elongated-linear and conspicuous, as
are also the bractlets; flowers 2-4” long, nearly sessile ; calyx very hispid,
5-parted, the linear-lanceolate lobes equaling the corolla-tube, becoming much
enlarged in fruit; limb of the white corolla broad and expanded, the trunca-
ted scales of the throat conspicuous; nutlets large, (12” long,) ovate and nar-
rowed above but obtuse, more or less rugose and tuberculated, especially upon
the back, which is surrounded by an acute slightly raised margin, sulcate ven-
trally and attached to the elongated style to the middle-—A stout coarse
species, well-marked though somewhat variable. From Arizona (Ives) and
New Mexico northward to the Saskatchewan. Not seen in Nevada, and
CATALOGUE. 243

found only in the Uintas and in Bear River Valley, Utah ; 6-7,000 feet alti-
tude; July. Puare XXIII. Fig. 6. A spikelet; natural size. Fig. 8. Calyx,
with matured fruit; enlarged two diameters. (852.)

Var. (?) FuLvocanEscENs. Low, subczespitose and certainly perennial ;
stems several, 1-8’ high, erect or ascending, hirsute; leaves 3-2’ long, obo-
vate or oblong-spatulate with very narrow petioles, obtuse, tomentose with a
soft silky pubescence and hirsute ; raceme short and terminal or compound,
$-3' long, the clusters few—several-flowered, densely hirsute with yellow or
brownish hairs, the flowers distinctly pedicelled and frequently subumbeled,
with inconspicuous narrow-lanceolate or more frequently ovate and obtuse or
sometimes obsolete bractlets; flowers turning brown in drying and with the
fruit nearly as in the last, but the calyx-lobes rather narrower and less en-
larged in fruit—Very probably a distinct species, but it seems sometimes to
approach small forms of the last too nearly. It is 632 Fendler, from New
Mexico, (EL. fulvocanescens, Gray, Ms. in Herb.,) and 467, 522 and 577
Frémont, (1844,) probably collected in Utah. Frequent in the mountains
through Nevada, from the base to nearly the highest peaks, and also found in
the Wahsatch; 5-11,000 feet altitude; May—-September. Puiatre XXIII.
Fig. 7. A spikelet; natural size. (853.)

Erirricuium Kine. Annual, hispid with spreading hairs, erect,
branched, 4-8’ high; leaves broadly spatulate, obtuse, alternate, the upper
oblong or ovate, sessile and clasping; flowers in terminal somewhat bifurcate
racemes, very shortly pedicelled, the lowermost only bracted; calyx hirsute
with yellow hairs, 5-parted, the lobes oblong, obtuse, equaling the corolla-
tube; corolla white, the limb broad (3-4) and expanded, the throat with
conspicuous obtuse scales; nutlets 14’’ long, ovate, obtuse, rugosely verrucose,
attached to the very short style above the base, not at all margined upon the
back but the edge rounded.—Allied to the preceding, but very distinct. In
Truckee Pass and in the Trinity Mountains, Nevada; 4,500-6,000 feet aiti-
tude; May. Puare XXIII. Fig. 3. A plant; natural size. Fig. 4. Flower,
laid open; enlarged four diameters. Fig. 5. Calyx and mature fruit; en-
larged two diameters. (854.)

Erirricuium Futvum, A. DC. DC. Prodr.10. 132. (Myosotis tenella,
Nutt., Ms.) Annual, low (1-10’) and slender, hirsute with mostly spread-
ing hairs; stems usually solitary, erect, branched from the base or more com-
monly simple and loosely panicled above; leaves mostly radical, rosulate,
944 BOTANY.

sessile, oblong-lanceolate, subacute, t+—1’ long, the radical ones more or less
glabrous beneath, the cauline distant; racemes elongated or crowded; calyx
5-parted, densely hirsute with brownish yellow hairs, lobes lanceolate, acute,
about equaling the corolla-tube; corolla white or pinkish, the limb 12-3”
broad, exceeding the tube, the throat with 5 prominent scales ; nutlets rugose,
and granulate-tuberculate between the ridges—The matured fruit, seen only
in specimens collected by Stretch near Washoe City, is broadly ovate with
an abrupt broad strongly incurved apex, somewhat tuberculate-cristate and
also tuberculate-margined, obscurely transversely rugose. The only difference
to be found between this and numerous specimens of Plagiobotrys canescens,
Benth., is in the somewhat more strongly rugose fruit of the latter, and there
can be little doubt that the two species should be united. California to Wash-
ington Territory. oot-hills near Carson City; April. (855.)

ERITRICHIUM MICRANTHUM, Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 141. Annual, low
(2-4’,) canescently hispid; stem much and diffusely branched from the base
upward ; leaves linear, obtuse, 3-6’ long; racemes short, long-bracted; flow-
ers crowded ; calyx-lobes linear; corolla very minute, the throat naked;
nutlets oblong, rather acute, very glabrous, convex upon the back, the inter-
nal angle prominent and sulcate—The flowers are in short subcapitate
racemes, sessile, shorter than the foliaceous linear bracts ; corolla white, less
than 1” long, remaining calyptra-like after fading, the narrow tube equaling
the calyx, without appendages, the lobes small and ovate ; nutlets $3” long,
shining, adherent to the slightly longer style by the whole inner angle, in
this respect holding an extreme place in the genus. Indeed it does not differ
‘from the genus Krynitzkia, as was observed by Dr. Torrey, except in its
persistent calyx, while the point of attachment of the seed within the ache-
nium is even higher than in K. leiocarpa. But a deciduous calyx is by no
means a constant character in that only species of that genus, and as the
recognized Eritrichiums vary considerably among themselves in the mode of
attachment of the seed, and of the achenium to the style, there seems to be
too little ground for the separation of these two species. Western Texas and
New Mexico. Found on the sandy shore of Stansbury Island in Salt Lake ;
June. The roots afford a rich purple dye. (856.)

ERITRICHIUM LEIOCARPUM. (Krynitzkia, F. & M., DC. Prodr. 10. 134.
See remarks under the last species.) Annual, 6-18’ high, hispid with more
or less spreading hairs, diffusely branching from the base, the branches elon-
CATALOGUE. 245

gated, weak and slender ; leaves 4-1’ long, oblong or oblong-linear ; racemes
terminal, short, usually bractless; flowers almost sessile ; calyx-lobes linear
becoming much elongated, often very hispid; corolla white, minute, (less
than 1” long,) throat somewhat gibbous or scarcely so; nutlets oblong- or
ovate-triangular, 1” long, perfectly glabrous and shining, rather flattened upon
the back, the internal angle sulcate and attached nearly its whole length to
the short style ; calyx, with the fruit, often deciduous—Closely allied to the
last, but larger and much more loosely branched, and especially marked by
its bractless and rarely at all capitate racemes. It varies much in the size
and development and hairiness of the calyx, and apparently also in the promi-
nence of the protuberances in the throat of the corolla. Early specimens
with a short calyx (857) and the maturer form with the calyx well-developed
(858) show wide extremes. LE. muriculatum, Torr., Bot. Wilkes’s Exped.,
ined., t.13., (not of DC.,) is apparently in every respect the same thing, even to
the deciduous calyx, except that the nutlets are very minutely granulated,
with coarser scattered tubercles. The fruit of the present specimens shows
under the microscope a very obscurely granulated surface, so that the differ-
ence is probably not constant. Southern California to Washington Territory.
On the foot-hills and mountains from Western Nevada to the Wahsatch ;
47,000 feet altitude; May—August.

ERITRICHIUM PTEROCARYUM, Torr. Bot. Witkes’s Expl. Exped., ined,, t.
13. Annual, 4’-1° in height, hirsute with spreading hairs, erect, branched ;
leaves linear or narrowly oblong, 2-14’ long; racemes terminal, usually bifur-
cate; flowers nearly sessile, rather crowded; calyx-lobes 12-2” long, ovate
or oblong, acute, densely hirsute with short yellow hairs; corolla white,
small, the tube about equaling the calyx, with minute appendages; nutlets
broadly ovate with a wide membranous irregularly crenate wing, or one of
the nutlets oblong and wingless, strongly tuberculate upon the back and with
a deep ventral groove, attached to the style the whole length—A remarkable
species with the wing of the fruit as broad as the body. Oregon, Northern
Arizona, New Mexico, and Western Texas. Frequent on the foot-hills of the
Washoe and Trinity Mountains, Nevada, and also found on Stansbury Island
in Salt Lake; May, June. (859.)

EcHINOsPERMUM DEFLExUM, Lehm. DC. Prodr. 10. 135. Biennial;
stem erect, terete, fistulous, branched, villous with spreading hairs; leaves
oblong-lanceolate, rather obtuse, ciliate at base, hirsute-pubescent; racemes
246 BOTANY.

erect-spreading, bracteate below, with deflexed pedicels; calyx-lobes ovate,
shorter than the corolla; nutlets compressed, with a single marginal row of
barbed prickles, which are connate at base, the dorsal surface granulate and
shortly pilose. Var. FLorrBunpuM. (E. floribundum, Lehm.) Usually taller
(2—4° high) than the European and Siberian form, the leaves acute or obtuse,
and the dorsal surface of the nutlets variable, either nearly smooth, especially
in the younger fruit as figured in the Flora Bor-Amer., or pilose, or coarsely
granulate with the tubercles often pilose, and frequently with a few scattered
imperfectly developed barbed prickles-—-The central longitudinal ridge is
more or less distinct and the marginal prickles vary in number and breadth.
The flowers are either light blue or white, 2-7” in diameter. From New
Mexico to the Saskatchewan and west to Northern California and Washington
Territory. Frequent in the mountains from the Havallah range to the Wah-
satch ; 5-8,000 feet altitude; May—August. (860.)

EcuinospermuM Repowsxu, Lehm. DC. Prodr. 10.137. Stem erect,
pubescent, paniculately branched ; leaves linear or sublanceolate, hoary with
spreading hairs; calyx-lobes narrow-linear, equaling the corolla-tube; nutlets
compressed, surrounded by a single row of barbed prickles, muriculate-rugose
upon the back and sides, shorter than the enlarged calyx. Var. OCCIDENTALE.
(E. Redowskii, Gray.) The tubercles, which are irregularly and thickly
scattered over the faces of the nutlet, very sharply acute instead of rounded-
obtuse as in Asiatic specimens.—Quite variable in its habit; from 3’—-2° high,
much branched at base and ascending, or with a single erect virgate stem ;
leaves and bracts usually linear-oblong, not unfrequently ovate-oblong or spat-
ulate, always obtuse; flowers small, but little exceeding the calyx, blue; the
prickly margin more or less contracted over the back of the nutlet, and the
prickles more or less confluent. E. patulum, Lehm., of Western Asia, to
which this plant was at first referred, differs from E. Redowskii (as shown by
- specimens in Herb. Gray.) only in the tuberculations upon the fruit, which
in the former species are few in number, arranged regularly in longitudinal
rows upon the back and upon the outer edge of the sides, and armed with
curved points. The differences are represented with tolerable accuracy in
the plate. From Western Texas to Arizona and northward to the Saskat-
chewan, Bear Lake and Fort Youkon. Frequent in the valleys and on the
mountains from the Sierras to the Wahsatch; 4-8,000 feet altitude; May-
July. Pate XXIII. Figs. 9,10. Achenium of £. Redowskii, Var. occident-
 
  

PLATE Xxn1

a

: a
1,2 MERTENSIA BREVISTYLA 3-5.ERITRICHIUM KINGII 6-8 E SLOMERATUM v
9-14. ECHINOSPERMUM REDOWSKI, &c
CATALOGUE. 2QA7

ale, Figs. 11, 12. Achenium from Asiatic specimen of E. Redowshii. Figs.
13, 14. Achenium of E. patulum ; all enlarged eight diameters. (861.)

Var. strictuM. (£. strictum, Nees., App. Neuwied’s Trav. 17; not of
Ledebour.) The prickles united over the back into a strongly inflexed
border—An extreme state, but various intermediate forms are frequent.
New Mexico to Colorado and westward. Valleys and foot-hills of Western
Nevada, with the last. (862.)

CoLDENIA’* HISPIDISsIMA, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad. 5. 340. (Eddya,
Torr. Pac. R. R. Rep. 2. 170, ¢. 8.) Prostrate, much-branched, very hispid ;
branches 3-10’ long, from a woody base; leaves 3-5” long, linear, entire,
revolute, acute, somewhat fascicled at the ends of the short branchlets, hispid
with rigid white hairs; flowers solitary; calyx deeply 5-parted, lobes linear,
tube indurated in fruit; corolla white, 2-3” long, salver-form, without scales ;

 

1COLDENIA, L. (Including Stegnocarpus, Torr., Eddya, Torr., Tiquilia, Pers., and Galapagoa, Hook.)
Calyx 5-parted or 5-cleft. Corolla funnelform, lobes subrounded, flat and spreading, throat naked. Sta-
mens 5. Style bifid or 2-parted, short or elongated. Nutlets 4, coherent into a globose or 4-lobed fruit,
at length separable, or more or less distinct. Albumen none or thin; embryo straight, or the rounded or
ovate entire or 2-parted cotyledons incumbent upon the ascending radicle—Shrubs or herbs, with alter-
nate leaves and small sessile usually axillary flowers.

Dr. Gray (in Proc. Amer. Acad. 5. 340) has proposed the following arrangement of the species that
have been referred to this genus :—

I. Fruit of 4 triangular nutlets, convex upon the back and closely united by their flat inner sur-
faces, thick and crustaceous.

§ 1. Evcorpenza, DC. Styles 2, short; fruit 4-lobed-globose; nutlets subconnate in pairs, at
length separable. C.PROCUMBENS, L. Southern Asia.

§ 2. StEGNocaRPuS, DC. Style 2-cleft; fruit globose, separating into 4 nutlets. C. CANESCENS, DC.
(Stegnocarpus, Torr. Pac. R. R. Rep. 2. 169, t. 7.) Northern Mexico and New Mexico.

II. Fruit deeply 4-lobed, the 4 nutlets (or fewer by abortion) ovate, small, attached only to the
style by the inner angle, the pericarp thin.

§ 3. Eppya, Torr. Style bifid toward the top; nutlets rough-papillose, with a thin crustaceous
pericarp. C. HISPIDISSIMA, Gray.

§ 4. Trquizta, Pers. Style 2-cleft or divided; nutlets smooth, shining, with a very thin crusta-
ceous pericarp; embryo with flat entire cotyledons, as in the preceding sections. Species three, all
South American.

§ 5. Trquitiopsis, Gray. Corolla-tube with 5 scales at the base; pericarp almost membranous ;
cotyledons 2-parted, accumbent to each side of the radicle ; otherwise asin the last. C Nurraiu, Hook

Another species has recently been added to the last section on account of its likeness in habit to
C. Nuttallii, but without a knowledge of its fruit. The fuller description here given shows that it differs
considerably from them all. The true relations of these rather heterogeneous species are not certain, but
it would seem that all the latter division should rather be referred to the tribe Borragee than to the Heli-
otropew, as was long ago stated by Dr. Torrey.

C. Patmert, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad. 8. 292. (Tiquilia brevifolia, Var. plicata, Torr. Bot. Mex.
Bound. 136.) Shrubby, much-branched and spreading, 1° high, hoary with a short dense soft appressed
pubescence without hirsute hairs; leaves 2-3” long, ovate, about equaling the petiole, thickly plicate-
nerved; calyx short, 5-cleft, the ovate or lanceolate lobes about equaling the tube; corolla white, 3” or
more in length, the tube twice exceeding the calyx, without scales at the base; stamens included, the
unequal dilated filaments inserted at the base of the tube and adnate nearly their whole length ; style as
long as the corolla or exserted, very deeply cleft; fruit maturing but a single obovate-globose smooth
nutlet, attached at the base and without ventral sulcus; albumen evident; cotyledons rounded, flat,
entire, incumbent upon the shorter radicle—Southern California, (Schott ;) Arizona, (Palmer.)
348 BOTANY.

stamens inserted near the top of the tube, unequal, included; style about
equaling the stamens, cleft one-third its length; nutlets globose-ovate,
attached by the inner angle, dull-gray, minutely papillose, scarcely 3” in
width; pericarp thin and brittle; albumen none or very thin; cotyledons
ovate, entire; radicle very short——Western Texas, New Mexico, Northern
Arizona, and Southern Utah, (Palmer, 1870.)

Cotpenta Nurratiu, Hook. (Tiquilia brevifolia, Nutt. Bot. Mex.
Bound. 136.) Annual, prostrate, diffusely branched, densely pubescent and
hirsute with stiff white hairs; stems 3-15’ long; leaves 2-3” long, equaling
the petioles, ovate or rhomboidal, entire, strongly plicate-veined, margins
revolute, somewhat fascicled ; flowers numerous in axillary and terminal
clusters, with narrow-subulate bractlets ; calyx deeply 5-cleft, 1-2” long, the
lobes linear and hirsute; corolla white, 2” long, funnelform with spreading
lobes, with 5 scales at the base of the tube; stamens with very short fila-
ments, inserted in the throat; style included ; nutlets ovate, 2’ long, smooth
and shining, free at base and attached only to the style by a ventral sulcus
nearly its whole length; albumen none; cotyledons 2-parted, accumbent to
the radicle on each side.—Excellently figured in Bot. Witkes’s Exped., ined.,
t.12. Southern California and Arizona; Oregon, (Wilkes, Geyer;) near
Carson City, (339 Torrey.) Truckee and Carson Deserts and in Unionville
Valley, Nevada; 45,000 feet altitude; June-August. (863.)

Hewiorrorium Curassavicum, L. Virginia to Florida on the seacoast,
and in saline or alkaline localities westward to Southern Illinois, Dakota,
Oregon, California and Mexico. Truckee, Humboldt and Jordan Valleys,
Nevada and Utah; 44,500 feet altitude; May—August. Stems prostrate or
ascending; flowers white. (864.)

HYDROPHYLLACE:'

HyYpDROPHYLLUM MACROPHYLLUM, Nutt. Ohio, Indiana, and Kentucky.—
Var. occIDENTALE. Very variable in the degree of hispidness, in the size
and section of the leaves, in the length of the peduncles and denseness of
the inflorescence, and tending toward H. capitatum, from which it may be
distinguished by its usually larger size, the oblong-lanceolate leaves (4-8'

'The determinations under this order are due to Dr. Joun Torrey, (except in the very few cases

where it is otherwise indicated,) and the descriptions of the new speci i i
d cies we.
and sketches kindly furnished by him. : pam et a rete
CATALOGUE. 249

long) with six pairs of leaflets, the peduncles about equaling or exceeding
the leaves, and the hispidness of the calyx rather less dense; flowers blue.
It is the Hl. capitatum, Var., of Whipple’s Report, 1176 Brewer and 4928
Bolander from California, and 641 Fendler from New Mexico. Specimens
from the Wahsatch, near Salt Lake City, have oblong-leaflets, 1-2’ long,
coarsely laciniate-lobed. (865.) Others from the West Humboldt Mount-
ains, Nevada, have broadly ovate leaflets, less than 1/ long, often cordate at
base, the lobes few and short. (866.) 5-7,500 feet altitude; May, June.

Hypropuyiium cariratum, Dougl. DC. Prodr. 9. 289. Low, 6’ in
height; stem and leaves pubescent or sometimes slightly hispid; leaves
ovate in outline, 2-3’ long, upon elongated petioles, with about 2-3 pairs of
coarsely-lobed segments; flowers in dense sessile or short-peduncled heads,
considerably shorter than the leaves; calyx very hispid-pubescent ; corolla
blue; root fasciculate—Oregon and Washington Territory, (371 Frémont,
326 Geyer, &c.) In the cafions of the Wahsatch, where it was also collected
by Stansbury ; 5-7,000 feet altitude; June. (867.)

Var. atpinum. In dense clusters, the leaves concealing the almost sub-
terranean inflorescence, which is rather looser and with the more linear
lobes of the calyx less densely hirsute ; pedicels umbellate and occasionally
thickened toward the base, reflexed in fruit, some of the flowers abortive
and caducous.—East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; rocky ridge at 9,000
feet altitude; July. (868.)

NEMOPHILA PARVIFLORA, Dougl. Diffuse, more or less pilose through-
out with spreading hairs; stems slender, decumbent or ascending, and with
the peduncles retrosely prickly ; leaves opposite or alternate, ovate in out-
line, pinnatifid, the 3-9 (mostly 5) lobes ovate or oblong, 1-6” long, acute,
entire or sometimes 1-toothed, the lower lobes more distinct; peduncles
about equaling the leaves, opposite to them when the leaves are alternate,
turned downward when in fruit; appendages of the calyx very short, or
sometimes conspicuous; corolla 1-2” long, scarcely exceeding the calyx,
tubular, 5-cleft, the obovate emarginate lobes often pilose at the apex; lig-
ules 2 at the base of each filament, very small; capsule somewhat hairy, 2”
in diameter, the placente 2-ovuled, or in Var. pluriovulata, 'Torr., (NV. pedun-
culata, Benth.,) with the seeds numerous and tuberculate——From Washing-
ton Territory to Southern California. The present specimens differ from

the ordinary forms in the wholly alternate leaves, the longer narrow leaflets,
32
250 BOTANY.

and the conspicuous appendages of the calyx; the solitary seeds globose,
reddish, nearly glabrous, obscurely pitted. Wahsatch and Uinta Mountains ;
6-7,500 feet altitude; June and July, in fruit only. (869.)

PHACELIA crgcinaTa, Jacq. DC. Prodr. 9.298. Perennial, hispid; stems
erect or ascending, 6 18’ high, branching or subsimple; leaves petioled,
1-3’ long, simple or pinnate, the 3-5 (rarely 7) leaflets distinct or the upper-
most confluent, the terminal one much the larger, ovate to narrow-lance-
olate, acute, entire or obscurely serrulate, usually strongly nerved ; racemes
at first densely flowered; calyx-lobes oblong or linear, acute, erect; corolla
blue or nearly white, 2-3” long, somewhat exceeding the calyx; stamens
exserted ; capsule 2” long, erect-hairy ; seed often solitary, 1” long, deeply
pitted—From Washington Territory to Southern California, and eastward to
Nebraska and New Mexico. The more common eastern form, stout and
erect, the stem often solitary, was found only in the Wahsatch and Uintas ;
5-7,000 feet altitude. (870.) The form prevalent in the mountains of
Nevada, and also found on Antelope Island in Salt Lake, and in the Uintas,
is much smaller, rarely 1° high, the stems ascending, and the leaves rarely
pinnate ; 5-9,000 feet altitude; May—September. (871.)

Puaceia numiLis, T.& G. Pac. R. R. Rep., (Bechwith.,) 2. 122, t. 7.
Annual, low (3-7’,) hirsute-pubescent or rough-puberulent, usually diffusely
branching from the base; leaves oblong-spatulate or lanceolate, attenuate
into a short petiole, simple and entire, 1-2’ long; racemes densely flowered ;
calyx-segments linear, obtuse, hispid, a little shorter than the corolla or but
half as long; corolla deep-violet, 2-3” long, plicate at base between the fila-
ments ; stamens exserted, the filaments sparingly hispid above; style glab-
rous; capsule 4-seeded, ovate, acute, 14” long; seed 1” long, minutely
pitted—Sierras ot California, (Beckwith, 6382 Bolander ;) near Carson
City, Nevada, (Stretch, Anderson.) Found in a cafion of the Havallah
range, Nevada; 5,500 feet altitude; June. (872.)

PHACELIA INTEGRIFOLIA, Torr. DC. Prodr. 9. 299. Annual, erect,
4-15" high, branching above and sometimes at the base, viscidly glandular-
pubescent ; leaves 1-2’ long, varying from oblong to ovate, cordate or trun-
cate at base, simple and crenately dentate or doubly serrate, or sometimes
(1579 Wright) more or less deeply pinnatifid and the segments often toothed,
the upper at times nearly sessile; sepals ovate, ciliate-hispid and glandular ;
corolla-segments oblong, the appendages short and encircling the base of the
CATALOGUE. 251

filaments; stamens exserted, naked; style united to the middle; ovary ob-
long, hairy ; capsule globose, minutely pubescent and glandular, equaling or
slightly exceeding the calyx; seeds 4, minutely warted on the back and
transversely ridged on the face.—From the Platte (James) to Northern
Texas, (Pope,) New Mexico, and Chihuahua, and collected by Beckwith in
Humboldt Valley, Nevada; Southern Utah, (Palmer.)

PHAcELIA cRENULATA, Torr. Annual, erect, 1° high, branching above,
hispid-pubescent and somewhat glandular; leaves oblong, pinnatifid, the
8-12 oblong segments incisely toothed, ciliate; flowers in terminal com-
pound racemes, which are dense and slowly evolved; pedicels much shorter
than the calyx, which is less than half the length of the corolla; sepals
linear-lanceolate ; corolla rotate-campanulate, 3-4” long, of a deep-violet
color, the lobes crenulate; the stamens and deeply bifurcate style long-ex-
serted, filaments naked; capsule globose, 12” in diameter; seeds 4, finely
punctate.—Trinity Mountains, Nevada; 4,500 feet altitude; May. (873.)

PHACELIA TANACETIFOLIA, Benth. DC. Prodr. 9. 299. Annual, 3’-2°
high, suberect, branches lax and slender, more or less hispid or scabrous-
pubescent or the stem and branches glabrate; leaves variable, 2—6’ long, ©
1—2-pinnatifid, the 3-7 pairs of segments oblong and incised dentate ; calyx-
lobes linear or lanceolate, usually dilated and foliaceous above, very pilose,
especially on the margins; corolla campanulate, 3” long, scarcely exceeding
the calyx, the appendages small and encircling the filaments; style bifurcate
to below the middle, hairy at base ; ovary hairy, 4-ovuled; capsule nearly 2”
long, ovate, acute, pubescent; seeds nearly 13” long, pitted —From West-
ern Texas and New Mexico to Southern and Central California; Western
Nevada, (Stretch and Anderson.) Lower cafions and stream-banks of the
East and West Humboldt Mountains and in Reese Valley, Nevada; 5-6,500
feet altitude; June-August. (874.)

Puacetia Patmuert, Torr. Biennial, 6-15’ high, erect, simple, densely
pubescent and glandular; radical and cauline leaves numerous and crowded,
1-2’ long, lanceolate, subpinnatifid or doubly serrate, ‘scarcely peti-
oled; racemes numerous and nearly sessile; calyx-lobes of the subsessile
flowers linear-oblong, acutish, half the length of the tubular-campanulate
3” long corolla; appendages short, above the base of the naked filaments ;
style hairy at base; capsule globose, 1” or more in diameter, obtuse, pubes-
252 BOTANY.

cent; seeds 1” long, pitted—Collected by Dr. Palmer near St. George ‘on
the Rio Virgen in Southern Utah; 1870.

Puacerta Menzresu, Torr. (Eutoca, R. Brown. DC. Prodr. 9. 294.)
Annual, erect, 6-12’ high, simple or much branched, hispid; leaves ses-
sile, 1-2’ long, oblong or linear, entire or 3-cleft or rarely pinnatifid, the
divaricate lobes oblong or linear, entire; flowers short-pedicelled ; calyx-
lobes linear, acutish, hispid-ciliate, about equaling the corolla; corolla blue
or white, spreading-campanulate, 4-5’’ deep, appendages distinct from the
filaments, very narrow and thin; stamens included; style bifurcate a third
of its length, a little hairy ; ovary 16—many-ovuled ; capsule ovate, acuminate,
2" long; seeds nearly black, pitted, $” long—From Oregon and Washing-
ton Territory to Nevada (Stretch) and Utah, (505 Frémont, Stansbury.)
Eutoca heterophylla, Torr., in Stansbury’s Report, is the same. West Hum-
boldt Mountains, Nevada, and on Antelope Island and in the Wahsatch,
Utah; 4,500-6,000 feet altitude; May, June. (875.)

PHACELIA SERICEA, Gray. (Eutoca, Graham. DC. Prodr. 9. 294.)
Perennial, canescent with a somewhat silky pubescence, appressed upon
the leaves; stems erect, $-2° high, rather stout, simple, terminating above
in a narrow compound raceme; leaves mostly oblong, 2-3’ long, incised-pin-
natifid, the segments coarsely cut or entire, the petioles narrow and hispid-
ciliate ; racemes mostly short-peduncled, 4-1’ long in fruit, forming a com-
pound raceme 3-12! in length; calyx-lobes linear, exceeding the pedicels,
shorter than the corolla, which is 23 deep, campanulate, blue or rarely
white, persistent, the appendages conspicuous, nearly as long as the tube and
‘distinct from the filaments; stamens three times longer than the corolla,
the anthers small and roundish; style united to above the middle; capsule
pubescent, ovate-oblong, acute, 3” long, about 16-seeded; seeds 4” long,
pitted—From the Rocky Mountains of British America (Bourgeau, Drum-
mond) to Colorado and Southern Idaho, (Burke.) Frequent in the cafions
ofthe Battle and East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and also found on a
ridge of the Uintas above the Duchesne River ; 6—9,500 feet altitude; July,
August. (876.)

PuaceLia (Evtoca) curvirgs, Torr. Annual, dwarf, 2-3’ high, soft-
pubescent and somewhat pilose, branching from the base, the stems spread-
ing; leaves lanceolate-oblong, long-petioled, entire, 4-2 long including the
petiole which is often more or less abruptly curved; flowers pedicelled, in
CATALOGUE. 253

a simple raceme, the lower distant; calyx-lobes narrow-ligulate or spatulate,
nearly equaling or shorter than the corolla, becoming 3” long ; corolla deep-
blue, rotate-campanulate, 2-3” long, the appendages narrow, distinct from
the filament or united to it only at the base ; stamens included ; style parted
below the middle; capsule ovate, acuminate, 2” long, subpubescent, erect
upon the deflexed pedicel; seeds about 16, irregularly pitted —Foot-hills
near Carson and Washoe Cities and on the Trinity Mountains, Western
Nevada; 4,500-7,000 feet altitude; May. (877.)

Puacetia (Kvroca) pusitya, Torr. Annual, dwarf, 1-3’ high, sim-
ple or branching from the base, slender, glandular-pubescent; leaves entire,
the radical and lower cauline broadly oval or oblong, 2-6” long, abruptly con-
tracted to a petiole as long as the blade, the upper ones elliptical ; racemes
simple, loosely few-flowered, terminal; pedicels filiform, spreading, about
equaling or shorter than the calyx; sepals narrowly ligulate, 1” becoming
3” long; corolla 13-2” long, white, tubular-funnelform, with a narrow ap-
pendage on each side of the filament but free from it; stamens a little
unequal, included; style shorter than the ovary and shortly cleft; capsule
obovate, obtuse or acutish, about 2” long; seeds 18-24, irregularly pitted.—
Under sage-brush and junipers, near Carson City and in the East Humboldt
Mountains, Nevada; 4,500-6,500 feet altitude; May—July. (878.)

Puacetia (Evroca) rotunpiroiis, Torr. Annual, 2-4’ high, diffusely
branched, branches ascending, hispid or rough-puberulent; leaves rounded,
2’ or less in diameter, crenate or nearly entire, petioled ; racemes simple, short
and few-flowered ; calyx-lobes linear-spatulate, shorter than the 12’’ long
white campanulate corolla; appendages narrow, free from the filament except
at the very base; stamens included, the unequal filaments adnate to the
corolla at base; capsule obtuse; seeds 100 or more, round-ovoid, irregularly
pitted—Southern Utah, (Dr. Palmer, 1870.)

~ PHacerra (Kvuetypra) Fremontu, Torr. Ives’ Colorado Exp., Bot. Rep.
21. Annual, erect or diffuse, 1° high or less, viscid-pubescent; leaves 1-2’
long, oblong-linear, petioled, pinnatifid, segments 3-8 on each side, obovate,
obtuse, entire or sparingly toothed; racemes simple, 8—many-flowered ;
pedicels very short, erect ; sepals spatulate upon a narrow base, 1-4” long;
corolla funnelform, 2-5” long, purple above and yellow at base, the append-
ages united over the lower third of the somewhat dilated filament; stamens
included, unequal; style hairy, bifid at the apex; capsule oblong, obtuse,
204 BOTANY.

2-23” long, 16-30-seeded ; seeds transversely rugose, pitted.—Southern Cal-
ifornia, (Frémont, 350 Torrey ;) Western Arizona, (Ives, Cooper.)—Col-
lected in Southern Utah by Dr. Palmer, 1870.

This species and the following, P. Ivestana, have been referred by Dr.
Torrey in Ives’ Report, as also some of the present new species in the notes
accompanying his determinations, to the section Conanthus, which was
founded by De Candolle for the anomalous species Evutoca ? aretioides. But
that species, as will be seen, has as little affinity to these as to others of the
recognized Eutoca section and must still stand alone. There are characters,
however, belonging to this and the following species which will justify their
ranking as a section (Euglypta) distinct from Eutoca, viz: the united append-
ages and the transversely rugose seeds. The appendages are always pres-
ent, not free and distinct, but united to some extent over the lower part of
the filament and usually more or less adnate to it; this, however, is occa-
sionally the case in the section Phacelia. The transverse pitted ridges of
the seeds are strictly characteristic, but occur again in the genus Emmenanthe.
The filaments are also unequal and somewhat dilated downward, and the
capsule is mostly oblong and obtuse.

Puacetia (Evetypra) Ivestana, Torr ves’ Col. Exped., Bot. Rep.
21. Annual, 1-10’ high, branched diffusely from the base, the branches
ascending, pubescent and more or less glandular; leaves oblong or linear-
oblong, 2-2’ long including the petiole, pinnatifid, the segments 3-7 pairs,
oblong or obovate, entire or sparingly toothed or sometimes again pinnatifid,
obtuse ; racemes simple, 10-20-flowered, the flowers suberect on very short
pedicels; sepals spatulate with a long narrow base, becoming 3-6” long ;
corolla about 2” long, white or pale-purple, tubular-campanulate, the tube
3 times longer than the rounded lobes, appendages attached to the dilated
and slightly adnate base of the filament; stamens included, unequal; style
often not exceeding the ovary, bifurcate at the summit; capsule oblong,
2-22" long, acutish, obtuse, or emarginate; seeds 16-24, strongly ridged
transversely, 2’ long or less.—Very near the last, from which it is hardly
distinguished but by the smaller and lighter-colored corolla. Western Ari-
zona, (Ives;) Southern Utah, (Palmer, 1870.) Dry foot-hills in Monitor,
Diamond, and Holmes’ Creek Valleys, in the shade of Juniperus on the
Coyote and East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and on the shore of Stans-
bury Island, Utah; 4,300-6,500 feet altitude ; June-September. (879.)
CATALOGUE. 255

Paacetta (Eueiypra) Bicotor, Torr. Annual, 3-4’ high, viscid-pubes-
cent, branched from the base, branches ascending; leaves 1-2’ long, narrow-
oblong, bipinnatifid, the segments unequal, small, obtuse; racemes simple,
10-20-flowered ; pedicels short, erect, the lower ones distant; sepals 2-4”
long, narrowly ligulate ; corolla broad-funnelform, 5-6” long, the lobes short
and rounded, purple, the tube yellowish; stamens included, unequal, shorter
than the tube, the lower third of the filaments inclosed in the united ap-
pendages ; style short, bifurcate at the summit; capsule 2” long, oblong,
obtuse ; seeds 16, transversely rugose, pitted——Western Nevada, near Car-
son City, (Stretch, 345 Torrey, 162 Anderson.) Foot-hills of the Trinity
Mountains ; 4,500 feet altitude; May. (880.)

PaacEiia (HuGuypTa) Gymnocuapa, Torr. Annual, low, clothed with
a soft spreading subglandular pubescence, diffusely branching from the base ;
branches procumbent or ascending, simple or branched, 3-6’ long, naked
and becoming elongated ; leaves obovate-oblong, 2-1‘ long, dentate-serrate,
obtuse, abruptly narrowed into a petiole often longer than the blade; raceme
simple, long-peduncled or nearly sessile ; flowers short-pedicelled, the lower
ones distant; calyx-lobes linear, hispid, 2-4” long; corolla bright-blue or
sometimes white, campanulate, 4” long including the spreading limb, the
lobes broader than long, the appendages covering the filaments more than
half their length; stamens unequal, included; style equaling the corolla-
tube, shortly bifurcate ; capsule globose-ovate, obtuse, very thin, 1” or more
in diameter, 8-16-seeded; seeds 34” long, strongly ridged and pitted —
Sandy foot-hills of the Truckee, Trinity, and West Humboldt Mountains,
Nevada; 4,500 feet altitude; May, June. (881.)

Puacetia (Euciypra) crasstrouia, Torr. Annual, 3-4’ high, diffusely
branched from the base, viscidly pubescent; leaves oblong-ovate, somewhat
fleshy, scabrous, 3-6” long, tapering into a short petiole, the lower ones with
a few short obtuse teeth, the cauline entire; racemes simple, rather few-
flowered; pedicels very short, spreading; calyx-lobes narrowly ligulate, 1’
becoming 2” long; corolla 3” long, campanulate-funnelform, the limb light-
purple with rounded lobes, the tube yellowish; stamens unequal, less than
halt as long as the corolla, the appendages obscure and attached to the
dilated and shortly adnate base of the filaments; style a little exceeding the
ovary, cleft at the summit; capsule ovate-oblong, 1%” long, obtuse, 6~-8-
256 BOTANY.

seeded; seeds #” long, rugose, pitted —Lower valley of the Reese River,
Nevada; 5,000 feet altitude; July. (882.)

Cowanruus! areriores. (Eutoca?, Hook. & Arn. DC. Prodr. 9. 295.
Phacelia, Torr. in Mss.) Dwarf, 1-3' high, pilose-hispid, diffusely branched
from the base and the branchlets short and clustered above ; leaves 2-1’ long
with the slender petiole, oblanceolate or narrow-spatulate, obtuse or acute ;
calyx-lobes narrowly linear, 3” long ; corolla 5-8” long, the tube narrow and
the limb broadly dilated, 4-6” in diameter, the lobes rounded; style about
equaling the stamens; capsule 1” or more in length; seeds 4” long —Com-
mencing to flower when less than half an inch in height and finally becom-
ing a close tuft, profusely flowering. The peculiar habit and mode of inflor-
escence of this plant, the unequal insertion of the stamens high up in the
narrow naked tube of the corolla, and the smooth waxy seeds, plainly sepa-
rate it from every section of Phacelia, and seem to make good its so long
suspected right to generic rank. From Eastern Oregon, (Tolmie;) Nevada
County, California, (Mrs. A. J. Davis;) Carson Valley, Nevada, (Stretch,
164 Anderson, 341 Torrey.) Found in the Carson and Washoe Valleys
and on the foot-hills of the Trinity and Pah-Ute ranges, Western Nevada ;
4-5,000 feet altitude; May, June. (883.)

EMMENANTHE® PpENDULIFLORA, Benth. DC. Prodr. 9. 301. Erect,
branching from the base, 4-12’ high, glandular-pubescent; leaves 1-2: long
or less, lanceolate, pinnatifid, the segments entire or sometimes 1—3-lobed ;
pedicels slender, about equaling the pendulous flowers; corolla campanulate,
3-6” long, a little exceeding the broad calyx, yellowish, the base within dotted
with purple.—California, from the Sacramento southward, by numerous col-

lectors, and near Empire City, Nevada, (Dr. Torrey ;) Southern Utah, (Dr.
Palmer.)

 

1CONANTHUS. (Eutoca § Conanthus, DC.) Calyx 5-parted, sinuses naked, lobes not enlarging in
fruit. Corolla tubular-funnelform, with a broad 5-lobed limb, appendages none. Stamens sreluiiell
unequal and unequally inserted in the middle of the tube. Nectary or disk none. Ovary Sealed,
rather many-ovuled. Style bifurcate at the summit. Capsule rounded-ovate, 12-20-seeded. Seeds
ovate or oblong, smooth, yellowish.—A low diffusely branched annual, with alternate entire leaves and
axillary sessile purple or whitish flowers.

2)3MMENANTHE, Bent. (Including Afiltitzia, DC.) Calyx 5-parted, sinuses naked. Corolla
yellow, campanulate, 5-cleft, without appendages, persistent. Stamens included, inserted at the ver
base of the corolla, with slender filaments and elliptic anthers. Nectary or disk annular aan
the base of the ovary, rather thick, free or adnate to the corolla. Ovary ovold or along. com reaeeil,
2-celled by the union of the placente in the axis, many-ovuled. Style bifurcate at the samt on es
sistent; stigmas capitellate. Capsule ovoid or oblong, incompletely 2-celled. Seeds 2-20, SF EuIE,

or pitted and transversely ridged, pendent.—Low annual herb: i i i
rans . 8, with alternat a i
leaves; flowers in simple circinate racemes. Er eaQuninre noe

x
CATALOGUE. 257

EMMENANTHE PARVIFLORA, Gray. Pac. R. R. Surv., (Williamson’s Rep.,)
6. 84, ¢. 15. Dwarf, much branched, depressed, minutely hairy and glandu-
lar; leaves petioled, subpinnately-parted, the 5-9 lobes entire, oblong or
obovate, 1-2” long; flowers crowded, very shortly pedicelled ; sepals linear,
obtuse, from 12” becoming 3” long; corolla yellow, rather narrow-campanu-
late, nearly 2” long, persistent at the base of the capsule, the lobes short-
ovate, the narrow 5-lobed disk adnate to its base; ovary ovoid, densely
hairy, 2-celled, very many-ovuled ; style not exceeding the ovary, subpersist-
ent; capsule 3” long, acutish, 20-40-seeded; seeds oblong, finely reticu-
lated—Shore of Klamath Lake, Oregon, (Newberry ;) Santa Barbara, Cali-
fornia, (350 Torrey;) near Carson City, Nevada, (81 Anderson.) The
present specimens have much larger leaves, 1-2’ long; stamens unequal ;
ovary 12-ovuled; style exceeding the ovary, divaricately bifurcate at the
summit; habit and foliage almost precisely that of Phacelia gymanoclada.
Foot-hills near Truckee Pass, Nevada; May. (884.)

EMMENANTHE GLANDULIFERA, Torr. About 38’ high, very slender, dif-
fusely branching from the base, glandular-pubescent ; leaves 3-6” long, oblong,
cuneate at the base, the radical and lower sparingly and obtusely toothed,
the cauline entire; sepals 1-12” long, ligulate; corolla yellow, 2” long, tubu-
lar-campanulate; disk very obscure ; stamens equal, as long as the tube;
style equaling the oblong obtuse ovary, the divisions recurved ; ovules 6-12 ;
capsule oviform, 1” long, 2~—3-seeded; seeds #” long, transversely rugose-
pitted—Virginia Mountains, Nevada, above Valley Wells; 5,000 feet alti-
tude; July. (885.)

EMMENANTHE GLABERRIMA, Torr. Decumbent, diffusely branched from
the base, glabrous throughout, stems becoming 10’ long; leaves 4-1’ long,
obovate or oblong-spatulate, attenuate into a rather short petiole, entire or
coarsely 2—4-toothed, rather thick and fleshy, the upper ones approximate in
pairs and nearly opposite; racemes lateral and terminal, often cymosely
branching, few-many-flowered; pedicels erect, shorter than the narrow-ob-
long obtuse sepals; corolla bright-yellow, campanulate, 1-14” long, but lit-
tle exceeding the calyx, cleft below the middle, the lobes obovate and obtuse ;
disk prominent; stamens equal; style equaling the ovary, united to above
the middle, the branches erect or recurved; ovary glabrous, 8-10-ovuled ;

capsule oblong, abruptly acuminate with the base of the persistent style, 2”
33
958 BOTANY.

long; seeds 6-8, over 3” long, transversely rugose and pitted—In the lower
Humboldt and Reese River Valleys, Nevada; 4-5,000 feet altitude; May—
July. It is also the Eutoca aretioides of Ives’ Report, collected on the Flax
River in Northern Arizona. Apparently resembling Miltitzia lutea, D.,
found by Tolmie in Eastern Oregon or Southern Idaho, which differs, accord-
ing to the description, in being scabrous-pubescent, the linear sepals 3” long,
the corolla-tube pilose externally, the disk none, (or more probably narrow, )
and the ovary also pilose. (886.)

Tricarpia! Watsont, Torr. Stems several from a perennial caudex,
6-8’ high, simple, pilese with white webby hairs; leaves lanceolate, acutish,
pubescent, the radical ones 1-2’ long, attenuate into a long petiole, the cau-
line 3-1’ in length, sessile or short-petioled ; racemes axillary and terminal,
6-10-flowered ; pedicels slender, mostly nodding; calyx glabrous, from 2”
becoming 1’ long, the outer three sepals deeply cordate, subchartaceous,
very strongly veined, the inner linear ones a little shorter ; corolla purplish,
3” deep, the lobes rounded, spreading ; style twice longer than the ovary ;
capsule 3” long; seeds 1” in length, slightly roughened.—A plant of solitary
habit and rare. The mature capsule in every case examined was compressed
parallel with the placente, which in some cases remained united a consider-
able part of their length. The young ovary rather indicates compression
in the other direction. Found on foot-hills of Truckee Pass and the Trinity
Mountains, Western Nevada; 4—4,500 feet altitude; May. Piate XXIV.
Fig. 1. A plant of the natural size, but incorrectly showing the fruiting
pedicels erect instead of nodding. Fig. 2. A flower; magnified four diam-
eters. Fig. 8. The same, laid open. Fig. 4. A fruiting calyx, natural
size, with two of the outer sepals displaced. Fig. 5. A half-capsule, after
dehiscence ; enlarged two diameters. Fig. 6. A transverse section ; enlarged
four diameters. Figs. 7 and 8. A seed, with the albumen and embryo; en-
larged eight diameters. Fig. 9. A portion of the corolla, showing the inser-
tion of the stamens and position of the appendages. (887.)

 

*TRICARDIA, Torr. Calyx 5-parted, becoming enlarged and conspicuous in fruit, three of the
sepals exterior, bractlike, broad-cordate and strongly reticulate-veined, the two others linear. Corolla
broad-campanulate, slightly constricted at the throat, 5-cleft, appendaged near the base with ten distinct
narrow folds, deciduous. Disk none. Stamens included, inserted very near the base of the ¢éorolla, the
filaments rather slender and anthers elliptical. Ovary ovate, glabrous, 2-celled; ovules 8 pandalows
Styles united to the middle; stigmas capitellate. Capsule ovate, acuminate with the peeiatent base of
the style, compressed, loculicidal, imperfectly 2-celled, the placents separating in the axis and but
slightly thickened on the edges. Seeds about 8, oblong, compressed, pendent ; emined shorter than the

copious horny albumen.—A low perennial herb, with entire alternate leaves and loose few-flowered
bractless subcicrinate racemes.
PLATE XXIV

 

_ TRICARDIA WATSON.
CATALOGUE. 259

Nama’ pemIssa, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad. 8. 283. Annual, hirsute,
branches spreading from the slender, root, decumbent, 2-6’ long; leaves
spatulate-linear, 3-1’ long, attenuate to a narrow base; flowers subsessile,
the lower solitary in the forks, the upper axillary; sepals narrow-linear,
2 3” long; corolla 3” long, light-purple ; capsule short-oblong, 14” long or
less; seeds 10-12 in each cell, nearly 3” in length, oval, obscurely rugose-
pitted— Washington Territory, (Lyall;) Western Nevada, (Frémont, An-
derson, Torrey.) Found on the shore of Stansbury Island in Salt Lake;
June. Distinguished from WV. hispida by the shorter fewer-seeded capsule
and nearly twice longer seeds. The flowers on the present specimens are
also always solitary. (888.)

POLEMONIACE.?

Psiox canescens, T. & G. G'ray’s Revis. Polemon., Proc. Amer. Acad.
8. 253. Dwarf and matted ceespitose, with a woody perennial much-branched
base which is usually covered with the dead leaves of previous seasons, the
branchlets densely leafy up to the solitary sessile flowers, woolly-canescent ;
leaves 3-4” long, evergreen, rigid, subulate and more or less acerose, scari-
ous-connate at base, usually strongly revolute upon the margin, soon spread-
ing or somewhat squarrose-recurved from the appressed base; tube of the
white corolla more or less (usually a half) exceeding the calyx, the obovate
lobes entire or emarginate, 3-4” long; ovules solitary—From the Rocky
Mountains of Colorado to New Mexico and west to the Sierras. On the
Trinity and West Humboldt Mountains and on a ridge in Monitor Valley,
Nevada; 5—7,000 feet altitude; May—July, and in bloom in November. Also
found in the Cedar Mountains, west of Salt Lake, by Stansbury, and in the
Wahsatch by Mrs. Carrington. (889.) 7 ,

Paiox caspitosa, Nutt. Gray, lc. p. 253. Of like habit with the
last; densely or rather loosely cxespitose, the more rigid leaves linear-subulate
or oblong-linear, 4-6” long, crowded and often densely so, hispid- or roughish-

 

1NAMA, L. Calyx 5-sepaled, persistent. Corolla tubular-funnelform. Stamens subincluded.

. Style 2, with rather obtuse stigmas. Capsule 2-celled, loculicidal, the septum bearing two laminar

placentz projecting into each cell from the axis, which are at first united, at length free—Low annual

branching herbs, or perennial or somewhat woody at base, variously pubescent, with alternate or rarely
opposite entire leaves, and axillary and terminal flowers. Cuorsy, DC. Prodr. 10. 812.

2 The determinations under this order were made by Dr. Asa GRAY, and the descriptions are almost

wholly drawn from his recent “Revision of the North American Polemoniacee,” and from other notes

obligingly furnished by him.
260 BOTANY.

ciliate, otherwise glabrous or sparingly glandular-roughened, mostly revolute
on the margin; tube of the white corolla a little ‘exceeding the calyx, the
lobes obovate, entire, 3” long; ovules solitary—From Colorado to Montana,
Oregon and the Sierras. Clover Mountains, Nevada ; 10,000 feet altitude ;
September. (890.)

Var. rica, Gray. Depressed; the acerose-subulate leaves at length
recurved-spreading, sparingly glandular-roughened.—Oregon, (Douglas.)
Found on the highest peak of the Clover Mountains, Nevada; 11,000 feet
altitude; September. (891.) A more pubescent form, coming near to P.
Douglasii, was also collected on peaks of the East Humboldt Mountains, Ne-
vada; 9,000 feet altitude; July. (892.)

Putox Doverasu, Hook. Gray, i. c., p. 254. Resembling the last ;
ceespitose and very much branched, pubescent or nearly glabrous; leaves
rather rigid, acerose, usually spreading, less dense, the margins either naked
or hirsutish-ciliate at the base; flowers subsessile; corolla purple or white,
the tube more or less exceeding the calyx, the lobes obovate, entire, 3” long;
ovules solitary —From the Rocky Mountains of Colorado and Montana to the
Sierras and Washington Territory. In cafons near Carson City, Nevada;
April, at 5,000 feet altitude, with the ciliation on the calyx and at the base
of the leaves more than usually webby; also at the head of Provo Cafion in
the Uintas, at 9,000 feet altitude; July. (893.)

Var. LoneIFroiia, Gray. Branches usually erect from a prostrate rhi-
zoma; leaves very narrowly or acerose-linear, 5-8” long, less fascicled —Ap-
proaching -P. longifolia, and occurring ‘ east of the Rocky Mountains and in
Utah.” Not in the collection.

Puiox Loneirouia, Nutt. Gray, lc. p.255. Perennial, woody only at
base, glabrous or pubeseent ; stems erect or ascending, 2-12’ high; leaves
slightly rigid, not fascicled, spreading, very narrowly or narrowly linear or
sometimes lanceolate, 1-3’ long; flowers solitary or subcymose, long-pedun-
cled; calyx-tube usually angled to the base by the infolding of the scarious
intercostal membranes ; corolla white or pink, the tube exceeding the narrow-
subulate calyx-teeth, the lobes obovate- or oblong-cuneate, entire or retuse ;
style elongated and frequently equaling the tube; ovules almost always soli-
tary —From the Rocky Mountains of Colorado to Washington Territory and

the Sierras. A smooth form was collected in the East Humboldt Mountains 3
8-9,000 feet altitude; July. (894.)
CATALOGUE. 261

Var. Stanspuryi, Gray. Stouter; the pubescence of the branches and
calyx more or less glandular or viscid; leaves usually broader; corolla-tube
usually twice longer than the calyx, the lobes either emarginate or erose at
the apex; one or two of the cells of the ovary sometimes 2-ovuled —In the
southern districts, extending into New Mexico and Arizona. Very common
on the mountains and foot-hills through Nevada and Utah; 4,300-9,000 feet
altitude; May—July. (895.)

Subvar. BREVIFoLIA, Gray. Usually dwarf; leaves either narrowly or
oblong-lanceolate, about 4’ long—Very frequent on the mountains and foot-
hills through Nevada; 4,500-8,000 feet altitude; April—July. (896.)

Cottomta’ gRanvirtora, Dougl. Gray., 1. c., p. 259. Annual, erect,
1-2° high, more or less viscid-pubescent or glandular; leaves sessile, linear
or oblong-lanceolate, entire or sometimes sparingly incised ; flowers capitate-
crowded and leafy-bracted, or a few subsolitary in the forks; calyx obconical,
the lobes broad and obtuse ; corolla buff or light salmon-color, (rarely white, )
narrow-funnelform, 1’ long; ovules solitary ; seeds with very numerous spiri-
cles—West of the Rocky Mountains, from latitude 48° to Nevada and South-
ern California. Frequent on the foot-hills and mountains through Nevada
and Utah; 4,500-6,000 feet altitude; June, July. (897.)

CoLLoMIA LINEARIS, Nutt. Gray, lc. p. 259. More branching or
spreading with age, 6-18’ high; calyx-lobes triangular-lanceolate, acute;
corolla light-blue or nearly white, 2’ long, slender, but little enlarged at the
throat, the limb small; otherwise as in the last—From the Mackenzie to
Kansas, Nevada and the Pacific. With the last, frequent; May—July. (898.)

Var. susuLaTa, Gray. A span high, loosely much branched; leaves
linear-lanceolate or linear, narrowed at each end, acute; lower clusters of
flowers rather loose and few- (sometimes single-) flowered ;_ calyx-lobes
slender-subulate or almost.awn-pointed from a broad base, rather longer than
the tube—Middle California to Southern Oregon and Western Nevada,
(Stretch.) A low diffusely branched and loosely flowered form, near this
variety, was collected in the East Humboldt Mountains ; 7,000 feet altitude ;
July, August. -(899.)

1COLLOMIA, Nutr. Corolla tubular-funnelform or salverform with a more or less dilated throat.
Filaments slender, unequally inserted, usually protruded. Ovules solitary, few or many in each cell.
Seed-coat developing mucilage and projecting numerous spiral threads (spiricles) when wetted, (oxcept
in C. gracilis.) —Annuals or some biennials, with alternate leaves, (or only the lower ones opposite,) which
are usually pinnately incised or divided, and with clustered or sometimes scattered flowers.

 
262 BOTANY.

CotLomiA TENELLA, Gray; 2c, p. 259. Annual, slender, 3 4’ high,
viscous-puberulent ; leaves linear with a long tapering base, entire, obtusish,
the lowest opposite; flowers solitary in all the forks almost from the base,
remote, nearly sessile ; calyx broadly obconic, barely 2” long, the lobes trian-
gular, acute, shorter than the broadly turbinate tube; corolla purplish, at
length 4” long, narrow, almost salverform; ovules solitary ; seeds with numer-
ous spiricles—In the East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wah-
satch; 7,000 feet altitude; June, July. (900.)

Cottomia eGRaciLis, Dougl Gray, 7. ¢., p. 259. Annual, viscid-pubes-
cent, at length corymbosely much branched and spreading, 2-6’ high; leaves
sessile, lanceolate or linear or the lowest oval or obovate, entire, the lower
often opposite ; flowers rather loosely cymose or scattered; calyx rounded at
base, nearly 5-parted, with subulate-linear segments ; corolla 5” long, purple
or violet, nearly salverform, the narrow tube yellowish and seldom exceed-
ing the calyx; ovules solitary; seeds without spiricles—Very variable.
From Colorado, Arizona, and Southern California to Washington Territory
Frequent on the mountains and foot-hills through Nevada and Utah; 4,500-
6,000 feet altitude; April-June. (901.)

CoLLOMIA LEPTALEA, Gray; /.c., p.261. Annual, glabrous or minutely
glandular ; stem slender, 3-10’ high, branching into an effuse panicle ; pedi-
cels scattered and 1-flowered, almost capillary, (3-12” long,) naked ; leaves
all entire, scattered, narrow-linear ; corolla white or pale purple, about 3’ long,
its slender tube usually twice the length of the calyx, expanding above into
an ample funnelform throat longer than the ovate lobes; filaments very une-
qually inserted in the throat; anthers very short; cells about 6-ovuled.-—
Slopes of the California Sierras; also found in the Truckee Valley, Nevada,
near Glendale, by W. W. Bailey. Pate. XXV. Fig. 1. A plant, of the
natural size. Fig. 2. A flower; enlarged three diameters. (902.)

Gita’ inirtora, Benth. Gray, lc. p. 263. Annual, erect or at
length diffuse, 6-18" high, minutely hispidulous-hirsute or usually nearly
glabrous, loosely panicled above ; leaves opposite, frequently alternate above,
palmately 3—7-parted, the segments 4-1’ long, nearly filiform, entire; flowers

 

'GILIA, Ruz & Pav. Corolla from salverform or funnelform to campanulate or rotate. Stamens
equally inserted in or below the throat or sinuses of the corolla and mostly equal; filaments not declined,
naked (rarely pubescent) at the base. Ovules sometimes solitary, coftmonly few or many in each cell.
Seed-coat (with few exceptions) developing mucilage or spiricles when wetted.—Herbs, or in a few cases
suffruticose; leaves, &c., various,
PLATE XXV

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

\

810. G. NUTTALL .

3-7. GILIA BIGELOVIT.

1,2. COLLOMIA LEPTALEA .
CATALOGUE. 263

scattered, on capillary pedicels 5-15” long; corolla white, 2-3 times exceed-
ing the calyx, rotate when fully expanded, 5-parted nearly to the very short
tube, the lobes obovate, entire, 4-6” long; filaments inserted at the top of
the tube, pubescent at base; anthers oval; ovules 6-8 in each cell.—Califor-
nia. Var. PHARNACEOIDES, Gray. Smaller, with the corolla-lobes 2-33” long,
sometimes slightly flesh-colored.—To Fraser’s River and east to the Rocky
Mountains. Pah-Ute Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch and Uintas;
5-7,000 feet altitude; June, July. (903.)

Gita PusILLA, Benth. Gray, 1. c., p. 263. Annual; stems very slen-
der, diffuse, 2-6" high, minutely hispid-scabrous or nearly glabrous; leaves
opposite or the uppermost alternate, palmately 3—7-parted, the segments fili-
form-subulate, 3-5” long; flowers scattered, on capillary pedicels 5-10" long ;
corolla purplish with a yellow throat.or nearly white, short and open funnel-
form, the broadly obovate entire lobes equaling or exceeding the subcampan-
ulate throat and very short tube; filaments inserted below the sinuses, nearly
glabrous at base; anthers oval; ovules 3-5 in each cell. Var. Catirornica,
Gray. Corolla-lobes larger, 2-3” long, twice longer than the calyx, the
throat sometimes brownish.—Foot-hills of the Sierras. Specimens approach-
ing the typical Chilian form were collected in the Toyabe Mountains, Nevada,
and in the Wahsatch ; 6,000 feet altitude; June, July. (904.)

Gitta BigeLovi, Gray; Zc. p.265. Annual, erect and usually slender,
4-12’ high, glabrous; leaves opposite, palmately 3—-5-divided or sometimes
all entire, filiform or nearly so; flowers inconspicuous, terminal or in the
forks, subsessile; calyx cylindric, white-scarious excepting the ribs, which are
prolonged into acerose-linear curved teeth; corolla whitish, salverform,
hardly exceeding the calyx, the broadly cuneate-obovate lobes not over 2’
long and but half or a third as long as the tube, minutely crenulate or erose,
strongly convolute in estivation; stamens included in the tube, the filaments
slender, inserted below or above its middle; anthers oval; cells 20-40
ovuled; capsule cylindric or oblong; seeds oval or oblong, the close coat co-
piously mucilaginous——Western Texas to Arizona and Nevada. Foot-hills
of the Truckee and Trinity Mountains, Western Nevada; 5,000 feet altitude ;
May. Puare. XXV. Fig. 3. A plant; natural size. Fig. 4. A flower, with
the calyx laid open. Fig. 5. The corolla, laid open. Fig. 6. The ovary.
Fig. 7. The mature capsule; all twice enlarged. (905.)

GILIA ANDROSACEA, Steud. Gray, lc. p. 265. Annual; stems erect
264 BOTANY.

or spreading, 3-12’ high, minutely pubescent or scabrous; leaves opposite
and fascicled, palmately 5-7-parted, the segments linear-filiform, villous- or
subaculeate-ciliate ; flowers crowded with the bracts into capitate clusters ;
corolla salverform, the filiform tube 1’ or less long, thrice the length of the
oval or ovate entire lobes and much exserted beyond the hirsute- or villous-
ciliate bracts and subtending leaves, the limb 8-10” in diameter, lilac, pink
or nearly white, with a yellow or dark very short and abruptly dilated throat ;
filaments slender, inserted in the throat, more or less exserted but shorter
than the corolla-lobes; anthers short; cells 6-10-ovuled—California. Var.
pETonsA, Gray. . Nearly glabrous, the bracts and leaves merely hispidulous-
ciliate. A somewhat intermediate form was collected near Carson City by
Dr. Anderson.

Gia micrantHa, Steud. Gray,-/.c., p. 266. Resembling the last,
slender, 3-7’ high; corolla-tube extremely slender, 3-12’ long, 4-6 times ex-
ceeding its (2-3”) lobes; bracts with short and soft pubescence or sometimes
hirsute-ciliate ; corolla yellow, cream-color or purplish-white California and
Nevada.

Guia cinta, Benth. Gray, l.c., p. 266. Resembling the preceding,
rigid, rough, 3-12’ high, the taller stems virgate; corolla-tube 6-7" long,
scarcely exceeding the very hirsute or hispid-ciliate bracts and leaves; the
lobes 13” long; calyx-lobes acerose.—Rose-color fading to white ; stems gray-
ish with short pubescence; leaves and bracts fringed with both rigid and soft
spreading hairs. California and Nevada.

GILIA NUDICAULIS, Gray; Z.¢., p. 266. Annual, very glabrous, 1—4’ high,
at length branching from the base; stem leafless from the cotyledons to the
capitate inflorescence, which is subtended by an involucre of several ovate-
lanceolate or lanceolate sessile entire foliaceous bracts; corolla white, pink or
yellow, salverform, the tube 3-4” long and thrice the length of the calyx, the
cuneate lobes 2-3” long, somewhat undulate-toothed or decidedly 1-3-dentate
at the broad apex; anthers sessile in the somewhat dilated throat, short, in-
cluded; ovules numerous.—Interior of Oregon, Nevada, (Anderson, Stretch,)
and South Park, Colorado, (Hall.) Found under sage-brush near Empire
City, Nevada; April. (906.)

Gina Nurratim, Gray; 2. ¢., p.267. Puberulent; stems numerous from
a perennial woody base, slender, simple or loosely branched ; leaves opposite,
mostly shorter than the internodes, palmately parted into 3-7 narrow-linear
CATALOGUE. 265

mucronate or acerose divisions, 6-9” long; flowers crowded into a leafy clus-
ter; corolla white with a yellow throat, fragrant, salverform with a very short
dilated funnelform throat, the tube puberulent, not exceeding the narrow
calyx, rather longer than the oblong-obovate (2-3’’) lobes; filaments short,
inserted in the throat, slightly exserted; anthers ovate-oblong; cells 2-ovuled —
From Colorado and Utah to the Sierras; near Carson City, Nevada, (Ander-
son.) On rocky ridges in the East Humboldt Mountains, and Wahsatch ;
8,500-9,000 feet altitude ; July, August. Puare XXVI. Fig. 8. A branch;
natural size. Fig. 9. Calyx; and Fig. 10. Corolla; enlarged two diame-
ters. (907.)

Guia Watsont, Gray; Zc. p. 267. Roughish-puberulent and glandu-
lar or at length smoothish ; stems short (3-5’) and tufted, slender and almost
herbaceous, from a woody perennial base ; leaves all opposite, not much fasci-
cled, widely spreading, palmately 3-5-parted, the slender entire acerose seg-
ments (6-8” long) often shorter than the internodes; calyx-lobes acerose,
barely half the length of the tube; flowers solitary or few in a cluster at the
extremities of the branchlets; corolla dull pinkish-white with purplish throat,
salverform, the tube and lobes each # long; filaments short, inserted on or
below the somewhat funnelform throat; anthers at the orifice, short; cells
10-ovuled ; the close seed-coat not developing spiricles nor mucilage when
wetted.—On rocky ridges upon Stansbury Island, Salt Lake, and in the Wah-
satch and Uintas; 5,500-8,000 feet altitude; June-August. Prare XXVI.
Fig. 1. A stem with a portion of the base; natural size. Fig. 2. The calyx;
enlarged two diameters. Fig. 3. Corolla; natural size. Fig. 4. Ovary. Fig.
5. Capsule; each enlarged two diameters. (908.)

Gita puncEns, Benth. Gray, i.c., p. 268. Perennial, with decidedly
woody stems, the branches and mostly erectish or little-spreading leaves
viscid-pubescent or glabrate; leaves alternate, somewhat rigid, thickly fas-
cicled in the axils, palmately 3-7-parted, the segments entire and with the
calyx-lobes acerose or subulate and pungent; flowers sessile, solitary or few
in a terminal cluster; corolla pink, white or yellow, salverform, the tube
at length more or less exceeding the calyx, the wedge-obovate lobes 2-4”
long; anthers in the somewhat funnelform throat oblong; cells 8-10-ovuled ;
seed-coat close, without mucilage or spiricles—Very variable. From the

Upper Platte to the Columbia and south to Arizona and California. Trinity
34
266 BOTANY.

and East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 6-9,000 feet altitude ; May—August
In rather dense tufts, 6-10’ high. (909.)

Var. squarrosa, Gray. Taller, 1-2° high, with stouter squarrose spread-
ing or recurved leaves on virgate erect branches.—From the Columbia to
Nevada and Utah. On foot-hills from the Pah-Ute to the Shoshone Moun-
tains, Nevada, and on Carrington Island; 4,200-5,000 feet altitude; June,
July. (910.)

Gita InTERTEXTA, Steud. Gray, /. c., p. 269. Annual; stem low,
(1-10',) much branched, pubescent with white hairs; leaves glabrous except
at base, alternate, pinnately divided, the acerose-spinescent segments widely
divaricate, sparingly again divided or often simple; flowers capitate-crowded
and often densely bracted, the base of the leafy bracts and the calyx-tube very
villous with long white spreading hairs; corolla white, 4” long, the slender
funnelform tube rather shorter than the rigid and spinulose often divided
calyx-lobes, the corolla-lobes oval or oblong; stamens inserted in or below
the throat, exsert and at length equaling the lobes; anthers short; ovules
and seeds 3-4 in each cell—From Columbia River to Northern California
and eastward in the Rocky Mountains. East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada;
7,000 feet altitude; August. A single specimen. (911.)

Gina Minima, Gray; /.¢., p. 269. Resembling the last, but stems very
low, (2-1 high,) simple or branched, white-pubescent; leaves less divided ;
bracts densely crowded, almost hiding the small white flowers, nearly glabrous,
the calyx slighty white-hairy only in the sinuses; calyx-teeth unequal,
entire, or two of them often somewhat divided; corolla 14” long, but little
exceeding the calyx-tube; stamens shorter than the corolla-lobes; cells 1-3-
ovuled, 1-seeded—Near Fort Walla-Walla, (Nuttall;) Colorado, (Vasey.)
Found in Parley’s Park in the Wahsatch; 6,000 feet altitude; June,
July. (912.)

Gia Brewert, Gray ;/.c., p.269. Resembling the preceding; minutely
glandular-puberulent throughout without white hairs; stems 1-6’ high,
branched; heads less crowded and less densely bracted; corolla yellow,
equaling the entire calyx-lobes, 3-4 long; stamens equaling or exceeding
the lobes; ovary-cells 1-2-ovuled; capsule exceeding the calyx-tube, cells
1-seeded ; seeds 2-1" long—Ebbet’s and Amidor Passes, California, (2015
and 2109 Brewer.) East and West Humboldt Mountains, and in the Wahsatch
with the last; 6-9,000 feet altitude; J une, July. (913.)
CATALOGUE. 267

GiLia sETOSISSIMA, Gray; 2 ¢., p. 271. Annual, depressed, 1-4’ high,
at length diffusely branched, somewhat pubescent throughout; leaves 6-9”
long, narrowly cuneate, ciliate towards the base with stout geminate bristles,
the apex 2-3” wide, with 3 triangular-ovate teeth tipped with a single
bristle ; bracts similar; flowers scarcely crowded ; calyx-lobes subulate, tipped
with a scabrous bristle as long as the lobe; corolla light-blue, narrowly fun-
nelform, 6-9” long, the tube much exserted, pubescent, the lobes oblong,
acutish, 2” long; stamens unequal, inserted just below the sinuses, exserted ;
anthers oblong, 8” long; capsule 3” long, oblong, triangular, 6-seeded or
more.—Southeastern California, Arizona, Southern Nevada, (Frémont) and
Southern Utah, (Palmer, 1870.)

Git1a Scnorriu. (WVavarretia, Torr. G. setosissima, Var. exigua, Gray ;
i.c.) Much resembling the last; leaves linear-oblong, 1-2” wide, of nearly
uniform width to the clasping base, truncately 3-toothed at the scarcely
broader apex, obscurely toothed laterally with simple bristles; corolla white,
5” long, the tube not exserted; anthers much smaller, subrounded, 3” long ;
capsule 14 long, ovate, about 12-seeded, (3-5-ovuled, Gvay.)—Northern
Arizona, (Ives;) Southern Utah, (Palmer, 1870.) The specimens of these
two forms collected by Dr. Palmer are so well-marked that both Dr. Torrey’s
species are retained.

Gira FLoccosa, Gray; Zc. p. 272. Annual, rather slender, 4-12’ high,
at length diffusely panicled, floccose-woolly, at least when young; leaves
alternate, simply pinnately parted or some of them entire, the few segments
narrow-subulate; flowers capitate-crowded, the 3-5-cleft bracts and calyx
densely clothed with long and tangled white wool, their lobes acerose or
subulate and cuspidate; corolla salverform, 4-8” long, blue or becoming
white, the lobes oblong or ovate, nearly 3’ long; anthers exserted, linear-
oblong, sagittate, hardly over 4” long; cells 1-2-(sometimes 3-4-) ovuled.—
From Oregon to California, Arizona, Utah, and Colorado. ‘Truckee,
Carson, and Ruby Valleys, Nevada; 4,500-6,000 feet altitude; July—Sep-
tember. (914.)

Gina Finirotia, Nutt. Gray, 1. c, p. 272. Resembling the last,
slender, 3-10’ high; flowers rather smaller, the lobes of the corolla but 1-2”
long, the tube scarcely exserted ; anthers oval, 4-4” long; cells 4-6-ovuled.—
Southern California and eastward to Utah, New Mexico and Western Texas.
On foot-hills and ridges between the East and West Humboldt Ranges,
268 BOTANY.

Nevada; June, July; 5-6,000 feet altitude. The specimens are referred to
Var. prrrusa by Dr. Gray, but as “too near small forms of the last.”. They
are apparently only an early undeveloped state of G. floccosa. (915.)

Gita Guyyisons, T. & G. Gray, lc. p. 273. Annual, a span high,
slender, more or less woolly-pubescent when young, at length almost glabrous,
loosely paniculate-branched ; leaves scattered, entire, linear-filiform ; flowers
in smaller heads, terminating slender peduncle-like branches; bracts short,
lanceolate, entire, short-cuspidate like the triangular calyx-lobes; corolla
white or nearly so, salverform, the tube slightly exceeding the calyx and
longer than the oval or oblong lobes ; stamens shorter than the lobes, inserted
in or near the sinuses; anthers ovate; cells 2—3-ovuled—Sandy banks of
Green River, Utah, (Gunnison ;) Northern New Mexico, (Newberry.)

Gita concesta, Hook. Gray, /.c., p.274. Perennial, more or less
woolly-pubescent, stems 8-12: high, erect or spreading from a tufted base,
bearing single terminal or few and corymbose close heads; leaves alternate,
pinnately parted with 3-7 mucronate linear segments, or some of them entire;
corolla white, salverform, the tube 2” long, about equaling the oval lobes, not
exceeding the usually awned calyx-segments ; filaments inserted in the sinuses,
at length equaling the anthers; cells 2-4-ovuled—From Colorado to Oregon
and the Sierras. From Roberts Station to Holmes Creek Valley, on the
foot-hills and mountains; 6-10,000 feet altitude; July-September. (916.)

Var. CREBRIFOLIA, Gray. Depressed and cespitose-crowded; stems
many, 2-3’ high, crowded with glabrous or slightly woolly subulate entire or
trifid leaves; bracts subulate, short; flower-clusters solitary —Southwestern
Wyoming, (Nuttall.) Foot-hills of Bear River Valley, Utah, near Evanston;
6,000 feet altitude; July. (917.)

Gina pumiILA, Nutt. Gray, 1c, p. 274. Annual; stems loosely
woolly, at least when young, leafy, 3-4’ high ; leaves alternate, narrow-linear,
entire, or pinnately 2-5-parted with diverging linear mucronate lobes; flowers
leafy-bracted, cymose-clustered or at length loose; corolla white, salverform,
the tube 3-4” long, about thrice exceeding its lobes and twice longer than
the short-awned calyx-lobes; filaments slender, inserted at the sinuses,
shorter than the corolla-lobes; cells about 6- (sometime 2-3-) ovuled—From
Western Nebraska and Wyoming to Western Texas and New Mexico.
Foot-hills of the Truckee Mountains, Nevada; 4,500 feet altitude; May. (918.)

Ginia PoLycLaDon, Torr. Gray, lc, p. 274. Annual; stems puberu-
CATALOGUE. 269

lent or sparsely pubescent, diffuse and subdecumbent, 4-8’ long ; leaves very
few, alternate, pinnatifid or incised, with short oblong abruptly spinulose-
mucronate lobes, those subtending the cymose cluster longer than the flowers ;
corolla pinkish-white, 13-2” long, salverform, the tube hardly exceeding the
mucronate-awned calyx-lobes ; anthers in the throat, on very short filaments ;
cells 2-ovuled—-New Mexico to Utah and Western Nevada. Foot-hills of
the Virginia, Trinity, and West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and on the sandy
shore of Stansbury Island; 4,300-5,000 feet altitude; May, June. (919.)

GILIA AGGREGATA, Spreng. Gray, /. c., p. 275. Biennial, more or less
pubescent ; stems 1—4° high, less leafy above and often loosely branching ;
leaves alternate, simply pinnately-parted, with narrow-linear mostly bluntish
mucronulate segments; panicle mostly with loose and open branches; bracts
inconspicuous ; calyx commonly glandular, its lobes subulate (or subdeltoid
in Var. Bridgesii ;) corolla scarlet, varying to light-pink, tubular-funnelform,
6-20" long, with ovate or lanceolate acute widely spreading or soon recurved
lobes; stamens inserted in the throat or below the sinuses, exserted or in-
cluded, not exceeding the corolla; anthers oval or short-oblong; ovules
numerous.—Very variable, especially in the calyx. From the Upper Platte
and Missouri Rivers to New Mexico and Arizona, and west to the Columbia
and California. Tound in the mountains and higher valleys from the Sierras
to the Wahsatch ; 6—8,000 feet altitude; May-September. (920.) A form
with the corolla white, finely dotted with scarlet, is not rare. (921.)

Gitia susyupA, Torr. Gray, l.c., p. 276. Biennial, glandular-puberu-
lent; stems 6-12’ high, nearly naked above and loosely panicled; leaves 1’
long, crowded at the subwoody base, spatulate or oblong, tapering into a
margined petiole, mostly with a few coarse teeth or short lobes, the upper
decreasing to linear remote bracts; flowers rather crowded in the few clus-
ters, inconspicuously bracted; calyx-lobes subulate, shorter than the tube ;
corolla orange or scarlet, narrowly tubular-funnelform, the tube (2’ long)
thrice exceeding the ovate obtuse lobes; anthers included in the throat, on
very short filaments; ovules numerous.—Arizona or New Mexico, and also
collected by Stretch in Western Nevada.

Git1a sTENoTHYRSA, Gray;/.c, p. 276. Biennial, glandular-puberulent,
a span or more high; stem stout, simple, very leafy up to the narrow virgate
thyrsus; leaves alternate, simply pinnately-cleft with short oblong lobes, the
floral ones and bracts small and entire ; calyx-lobes triangular ; corolla white,
270 BOTANY.

4’ long, salverform, the tube rarely twice longer than the calyx and little
exceeding the obovate lobes, which are shorter than the slender moderately
exserted filaments; anthers ovate; cells about 6-ovuled ; seed-coat without
mucilage or spiricles—Cedar forest on the southern slope of the Uintas,
(Frémont.)

Ginta TeNERRIMA, Gray; Jc. p.277. Annual, slender, 10’ high, very
diffusely branched from the base with numerous scattered divaricate almost
filiform branchlets, minutely glandular-pubescent; leaves alternate, linear or
the radical ones lanceolate, the upper ones becoming very small, entire ;
flowers small, solitary, terminal on the branchlets ; calyx less than the broad-
oval or globose capsule; cells 1-seeded; seed ovoid.—Corolla unknown.
Bear River Valley, near Evanston; 6,000 feet altitude; July. (922.)

Gina inconspicua, Dougl. Gray, lc, p. 278. Annual, mostly low,
(4-12' high,) more or less pubescent or glabrate, branched and loosely pani-
cled; leaves alternate, the lower 1-2-pinnatifid or pinnate-toothed ; flowers
scattered on slender pedicels, inconspicuously bracted or bractless; corolla
purple or blue, rarely white, 3-5” long, funnelform with the throat
more or less dilated, 2-3 times the length of the calyx, the tube little or
not at all exserted, the lobes ovate or obovate and mostly exceeding the
stamens; filaments slender, inserted in or just below the sinuses ; cells many-
ovuled—vVery variable. From the Platte to the Columbia, and southward
to Arizona and Southern California. Very frequent in the valleys and on the
foot-hills from the Sierras to the Wahsatch; 4-6,500 feet altitude; May-
July. (923.)

Var. sinuata, Gray. Corolla larger, the tube more or less exserted, the
lobes often 2“ long and the stamens sometimes equaling them; radical leaves
often simply pinnatifid—Near Carson City and in Truckee Pass, Nevada ;
April, May. (924.) Also, in the latter locality, a form with the stamens ex-
ceeding the lobes. (925.)

Specimens were also collected in Washoe Valley and in the Trinity
Mountains, Nevada, with the calyx and upper leaves glandular-viscid, thus
approaching Var. ARENARIA of the California coast, but with the white corolla
shorter. (926.)

Guia Leptomeria, Gray; /.c., p. 278. Annual, low, (3-6’,) diffusely
much branched, obscurely glandular, otherwise glabrous; radical leaves
spatulate or lanceolate, slightly pinnatifid with short pointed lobes, the cauline
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1-5. SILIA WATSONT.
CATALOGUE. 271

alternate, mostly linear and entire, reduced on the branches to minute bracts;
flowers numerous, very loosely panicled, the slender pedicels sometimes
shorter than the calyx; corolla nearly white, slender “ -elform, approaching
salverform, 13” to at length 3” long, the tube f« ‘coming twice the
length of the calyx and of the ovate .udate-toothed lobes;
stamens inserted in the sinuses, sb- suan the lobes; ovules numerous ;
seeds small, 3” or lessinlength " close coat without mucilage or spiricles —
Resembling depauperate forms of G. inconspicua, but well marked by the
narrower corolla and by the seeds. Truckee Pass of the Virginia Mountains,
near Humboldt Lake, and in Unionville Valley, Nevada, and on Stansbury
Island in Salt Lake; May, June. Prarz XXVI. Fig. 6. A plant; natural |
size. Fig.8. A young flower. Figs. 7 and 9. Older flowers, with elongated
corollas. Fig. 11. Mature opened capsule; all enlarged four diameters. (927.)

GILIA MICROMERIA, Gray; 7. c., p. 279. Annual, nearly glabrous, lax
and slender, 2-4’ high, diffusely much branched; radical and lower cauline
leaves pinnatifid with oblong obtuse divaricate lobes, on the branches linear
and entire; flowers minute, scattered on long and capillary spreading or at
length recurved pedicels ; corolla nearly white, oblong-campanulate, 1” long,
little exceeding the calyx, the lobes short; stamens inserted nearly in the
sinuses, shorter than the corolla; capsule globose, longer than the style,
cells about 6-ovuled; seeds as in the last—Truckee Valley, and near Hum-
boldt Lake, and in the East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 4—6,000 feet
altitude; May-July. Puare.XXVI. Fig. 12. A plant; natural size.
Fig. 13. A flower; enlarged eight diameters. Fig. 14. The corolla, laid
open. Fig. 15. Mature capsule; enlarged four diameters. (928.)

Giza campanuLaTa, Gray; Zc. p. 279. Annual, small, 1-2’ high,
spreading, somewhat viscid-pubescent; lower leaves lanceolate, sparingly
pinnatifid-toothed, on the branches linear-lanceolate, sometimes entire; flowers
loosely panicled on slender pedicels often shorter than the flower; corolla
nearly white, 3-4” long, campanulate, moderately 5-lobed, twice longer than
the calyx, the included stamens inserted into the broad base ; anthers oblong;
capsule globose, cells about 7-ovuled—Sandy sage-plain near the Big Bend
of the ,Truckee, Nevada; May. Puare XXVI. Fig. 16. Plant; natural
size. Fig.17. Flower, laid open; enlarged two diameters. Fig. 18. Mature
capsule; enlarged four diameters. (929.)

PoLEMonium conrertum, Gray; /. c., p. 280. Perennial, a span or less
272 BOTANY.

high, from a tufted creeping rootstock, glandular-viscid and musk-scented ;
leaflets small and numerous, 1-4” long, mostly as if whorled or fascicled,
being 2-5-divided and sessile, the segments varying from round-oval to
linear-oblong; flowers capitate-crowded, or in fruit racemose-spicate, honey-
scented, nodding; calyx-lobes narrow, the cylindric or oblong tube twice
Jonger ; corolla 8-1’ long, blue, the narrow-funnelform tube exceeding the
calyx and mostly 2-3 times longer than its rounded lobes; filaments barely
hairy and scarcely dilated at base—Rocky Mountains, latitude 38-49°, and
in the Sierras; alpine. In the Wahsatch and Uintas, on rocky peaks ; 12,000
feet altitude; August. (930.)

Var. MELLITUM, Gray. Laxer both in leaflets and in inflorescence, with
‘ the paler or whitish corolla 1’ long, the lobes one-fourth the length of the
narrow tube.-—Rocky Mountains of Colorado. East Humboldt Mountains,
Nevada, ona rocky peak; 10,500 feet altitude; August. (931.)

PoLEMONIUM CH@RULEUM, L. Gray, 1. c., p. 281. New York and New
Jersey, rare; common from the Rocky Mountains to California, Alaska and
the Arctic regions. Glabrous or viscid pubescent; corolla most usually blue ;
the seeds angled and often more or less winged. On stream banks and in
meadows, Huntington and Ruby Valleys, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch and
Uintas; 6—8,000 feet altitude; June-August. (932.)

Var. FoLiosissimuMm, Gray. Very viscid-pubescent ; stems 2° high with
the corymbose branches very leafy to the top; leaflets frequently confluent
on a wing-margined rachis; stamens and style mostly shorter than the
smaller white corolla, which is twice.or more longer than the calyx.—In the
Rocky Mountains, from Wyoming to New Mexico. East Humboldt Moun-
tains, and in the Wahsatch; 7—9,000 feet altitude; June-August. (933.)

PoLemMonium MicranrHum, Benth. Gray, i. c., p. 282. Annual, some-
what viscid-pubescent, branching, weak and diffuse, 3-8’ high; leaflets
sunple, 5-13, obovate or lanceolate, 2-4” long; flowers scattered or solitary
on the branches; calyx deeply 5-cleft, decidedly longer than the white or
whitish almost rotate corolla; filaments nearly naked, somewhat dilated at
base; ovules 2-3 in each cell—Nearly prostrate and much resembling an
Ellisia. Washington Territory. On damp foot-hills near Carson City, Nevada;
4,500 feet altitude; April. (934.)
CATALOGUE. 273

CONVOLVULACE.

CaysTEGiA SEPIUM, R, Br. From Florida to Canada and the Saskatche-
wan; New Mexico, Southern Idaho, (Burke,) and on the Western Coast
from the Columbia to Southern California, but rather rare. Humboldt Pass,
Nevada, and in the Wahsatch ; 5-6,000 feet altitude ; July-September (935.)

Cressa* Cretica, L. Stem branched, scarcely 1° high, canescent;
leaves ovate, acute, obtuse at base, sessile, crowded, hoary-pubescent, 2-3”
long; flowers subsessile in the upper axils, spicate or capitate; sepals ovate-
lanceolate, 1-2” long; corolla scarcely longer. Var. TruxitLensis, Chois.
DC. Prodr. 9.140. ‘Stems elongated; leaves oblong and smaller; capsules
4-seeded.”—Northern Mexico and Southern California. American specimens
in Herb. Gray., which are all referred to this variety, show the leaves quite
variable in size and shape, the flowers nearly sessile or on pedicels 2-8” long,
and the seeds in some cases solitary, large and oblong, in others 4, (as in
these specimens, which agree well with South American ones,) small and
compressed. Banks of Bear River near Brigham City, Salt Lake Valley ;
October. (336.)

CuscuTa TENUIFLORA, Eng. From Illinois and Missouri to the Upper
Missouri ; New Mexico, Arizona, and Washington Territory, (Lyall.) Hum-
boldt Pass, Nevada; 6,000 feet altitude; September; on Aster and Caly
stegia. (937.)

Cuscuta Cauirornica, Chois. Engelmann’s Rev. Cusc., Trans. St. Louis
Acad. 1.499. Flowers on slender pedicels, loosely paniculate; calyx small,
turbinate, 5-cleft, with triangular or lanceolate, acute or acuminate and some-
times recurved lobes; corolla-lobes very slender, lance-linear, acute or acu-
minate, erect or spreading, in fruit mostly erect or connivent ; scales wanting
or indicated by a narrow membrane connecting the adnate bases of the fila-
ments; styles capillary, unequal, at least equaling the small usually globose
ovary ; stigmas capitate; capsule indehiscent, baccate, enveloped by the
corolla; seeds often solitary, subglobose, strongly hooked, 3” long. Var.
GRACILIFLORA, Eng. Flowers slender, 14-22” long, the corolla-tube as long
as the very narrow lobes and often exceeding the calyx ; filaments often short,
or equaling or exceeding the linear-oblong anthers; styles equaling or much

 

1CRESSA, L. Sepals 5. Corolla funnelform, 5-cleft. Stamens exserted. Styles 2; stigmas capi-
tate. Ovary simple, 2-celled, 4-ovuled. Capsule dehiscent, 2-celled, 1-4-seeded, Embryo cotyledonous.
Cuors, DC, Prodr.
35
974 BOTANY.

exceeding the ovary.—California. East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, Jordan
Valley and in the Wahsatch, Utah; 5-7,500 feet altitude; July, August.
An early specimen, probably the same, was collected in Truckee Valley.
Indiscriminate in its attachments, scarcely two of the numerous specimens
growing on plants of the same genus. (938.)

Var. (?) squamicERA, Eng.;/.¢., p. 499. Flowers 2-22” long, on shorter
pedicels, in rather crowded subglobose clusters; calyx-lobes lanceolate,
acuminate, equaling the open funnelform corolla-tube; corolla-lobes lanceo-
late, as long as the tube, at last spreading; anthers oblong-linear, cordate at
base, on very short filaments ; scales spatulate, fringed, shorter than the tube,
incurved; styles as long as the very acute ovary ; capsule apiculate, 1-seeded,
enveloped below by the corolla-tube.—Collected by Remy in Southern Utah,
near the Rio Virgen, on Sueda. Intermediate between this species and C.
subinclusa, Dur. & Hilg.

SOLANACEL.

Sotanum nicrum, L. Unionville Valley, Nevada. Introduced. (939.)

SOLANUM UMBELLIFERUM, Esch. DC. Prodr. 13. 93. Pubescent
throughout; stem shrubby, 6° high, angled, fistulous, branches pendent;
leaves petioled, ovate, acute, entire, 1-14’ long; flowers in terminal 4-
(sometimes 2-3-) flowered umbels, with a small urceolate entire involucre ;
peduncles equal, elongated ; calyx urceolate, 5-cleft, with acute lobes ; corolla
thrice longer than the calyx, pale-violet, 5-cleft, at first subcampanulate, after-
ward rotate; filaments very short, broader at base ; anthers yellow, at first
terminally, then laterally dehiscent; style straight; stigma capitate ; berry
large, purple-—California; varying much in the size and form ot the leaves
and degree of pubescence. Collected by Anderson near Carson City, with
the calyx-lobes rather obtuse.

Puysauis PuBEScENS, Willd. Florida to New England and west to New
Mexico, Arkansas, the Upper Platte and Missouri, and Lake Winnipeg.
Wahsatch Mountains, Utah; 5,000 feet altitude; May. (940.)

Orycres* Nevapensis. Small, 2-4 high, scurfy and viscid-pubescent ;

 

1ORYCTES. Calyx herbaceous, 5-cleft, not becoming inflated. Corolla tubular, with a short
equally 5-toothed scarcely spreading border. Stamens 5, equal, or 1 or 2 shorter, with elongated filiform
filaments inserted at the base of the tube; anthers rounded-cordate, the cells oblong, free below the
insertion of the filament. Style somewhat dilated upward ; stigma capitate, emarginate. Capsule sessile,
globose, 2-celled, membranous. Seeds numerous, flattened, orbicular, margined, the testa reticulate;
hilum lateral; embryo straight, short, terete, at the base of the small albumen ; cotyledons short.—A low
annual, erect, branched; leaves petioled ; flowers pedicelled, in axillary umbels,
PLATE XXVII.

 

1-4 ASCLEPIAS CRYPTOCERAS . 5-10. U(RYCTES NEVADENSIS
CATALOGUE. 275

leaves 1-2' long, ovate, oblong or lanceolate, attenuate into the petiole, entire,
undulate-margined; flowers small, in axillary umbels of 3-4, on short pedi-
cels; calyx 13-2” long, campanulate, the ovate acutish lobes twice longer
than the tube, enlarging in fruit and equaling the capsule; corolla 3” long,
blue or purplish, plicate in estivation, scarcely at all dilated above, the lobes
short, triangular, erect; stamens and style nearly equaling the corolla, or
some of the stamens shorter; capsule 24” in diameter; seeds 10-20, 14”
broad, narrowly margined, the cavity of the flattened testa much exceeding the
small albumen.—On stony barren foot-nills near the Big Bend of the Truckee,
Nevada; May. The specimens are young but sufficiently mature to show
the distinctive generic characters. Its affinities are with the Petunia of
Miers. Puare XXVIII. Fig. 5. Plant; natural size. Fig. 6. Flower.
Fig. 7. Corolla, laid open. Fig. 8. Mature ovary; all enlarged four diame-
ters. Fig. 9. Seed, enlarged eight diameters. Fig. 10. Albumen and
embryo; enlarged sixteen diameters. (941.)

Lycrum pauiipum, Miers. Grray’s Rev. Lyc., Proc. Amer. Acad: 6. 45.
A shrub, 3-4° high, glabrous, spiny ; leaves 4-14’ long, oblong- or obovate-
spatulate, with a very narrow base, acute or obtuse, fascicled; calyx broad-
campanulate, 5-cleft to the middle or deeper, the lobes 12-2’ long, sub-
foliaceous, spreading, lanceolate to ovate and often very obtuse, exceeding
the tube; corolla 9-10” long, tubular-funnelform, greenish; filaments and
corolla glabrous within, or somewhat hairy or hirsute; anthers terminating
in a deciduous mucro; fruit 4-5’ in diameter—New Mexico; Arizona ;
Southern Utah, (Dr. Palmer, 1870.)

Lycrum AnprErsonu, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad. 7. 388. Glabrous;
leaves 14-3” long, spatulate, fleshy ; calyx short-campanulate, usually shorter
than the (1%” long) pedicel, the margin repandly-toothed or denticulate ;
corolla narrowly tubular, nearly 2’ long, the throat somewhat dilated,
lobes 4, very broad, much shorter than the tube, equaling the anthers; fila-
ments glandular-pilose at base-—A thorny diffusely branched shrub, with
much the appearance of Sarcobatus, 2-3° high; berries red, globose, 2—3" in
diameter, with a membranous 4—5-lobed disk surrounding the base—Dis-
covered by Dr. Anderson in Southeastern Nevada. Carrington Island, in
Salt Lake; in fruit, June. The most northern locality in which any Ameri-
can species has been found. (942.)
276 BOTANY.

Datura Stramonium, L. Wahsatch Mountains, at the mouth of Cot-
tonwood Cafion. Introduced. (943.).

Nicoriana aTTENUATA, Torr., in Herb. Annual, glutinous-pubescent
or somewhat glabrate, erect, 1-3° high, branched; leaves oblong-lanceolate,
the uppermost linear, acuminate, attenuate into a petiole, entire or obscurely
repand-dentate ; flowers in loose terminal racemes; calyx 3” long, tubular-
campanulate, teeth short, triangular, acute, equal; corolla narrow-funnelform,
1’ long, the short (2”) limb spreading or more usually erect and closed, the
lobes short and obtuse ; capsule 3-5” long, exceeding the calyx, ovate, acute,
2-valved, valves bifid —Lower leaves 4-6’ long and 1-2‘ wide, proportionately
narrower above; capsule becoming half-longer than the calyx; seeds pitted.
A quite distinct species, rather common in the valleys and dry lower cafions
of Nevada. It is 38 and 289 Anderson, from near Carson City ; 354 Torrey
from Lake Washoe; 75 Xantus from Fort Tejon, Southern California; also
found by Vasey on Bear Creek, 12 miles west of Denver, and by Palmer in
Southern Utah. NV. ipomopsiflora is somewhat similar but has sessile clasping
and more oblong leaves, and the flowers are in long secund racemes. PLatTE
XXVII. Fig. 1. A branch and portion of the stem; natural size. Fig. 2.
A lower leaf; full size. (944.)

Nicotiana Bicznovu. (NV. plumbaginifolia, Var. (?) Bigelovii, Torr.
Pac. R. R. Surv., 4.127.) Leaves sessile, attenuate at base; calyx glandular-
pubescent, with unequal lance-linear lobes; corolla 2’ long, tubular-funnel-
form, the elongated tube 2-3 times longer than the calyx, the lobes broad-
ovate, subacute; capsule obtuse, usually 4-6” long, shorter than the calyx ;
- otherwise much like the last—Collected by Bigelow, Frémont, (481, 1846,)
and Torrey, (355,) in California, and by Anderson, (268,) in Western Nevada.
Much resembling NV. noctiflora, of Chili, but the leaves are more attenuate at
base and the corolla-lobes are not at all obcordate. Puare XXVIU. Fig 3.
Extremity of a branch. Fig. 4. A lower leaf; natural size.

GENTIANACE.

Eryraraa Nurrauu. Erect, loosely branched ; leaves linear-oblong,
6-12" long, acute, not rosulate at base; panicle loose, dichotomous, few-
flowered ; flowers on elongated slender peduncles ; calyx-lobes narrowly subu-
late, acute, a little shorter than the corolla-tube; corolla pink, contracting
over the capsule and usually becoming somewhat twisted; lobes elliptic-
    

| A PLATE XXVIl
:

j ey
4
x

12. NICOTIANA ATTENUATA 3,4 N BIGELOVIT
PLATE XX1IX

 

 

 

ERYTHRAA NUTTALLY
CATALOGUE. 277

oblong, 2-3” long, more or less acute; stigma somewhat cup-shaped, slightly
2-lobed; capsule 4-7” long, becoming nearly twice longer than the calyx;
seeds oblong or roundish, minutely pitted —Stem 3-12’ high, branching from
the base or only toward the top. Nearly E. Chilensis, but with larger flowers,
longer capsule and less lobed stigma, easily distinguished from other western
species by its loose few-flowered habit and long peduncles. It is E. longiflora,
E. elata, and E. tenella, of Nutt. Mss., from Northern Utah and Southern
Idaho, and 29 Anderson from near Carson City. As none of Nuttall’s pro-
posed names are always appropriate, the species is best dedicated to him-
self Found in Unionville, Huntington, and Ruby Valleys, Nevada; 4,500-
6,000 feet altitude; August-October. Puiarze XXIX. Figs. 1, 2. Plants;
natural size. Fig.3. Calyx, expanded. Fig.4. Corolla, laid open. Fig. 5.
Ovary; all enlarged two diameters. Fig. 6. Seed; enlarged eight diame-
ters. (945.)

GenTianaA AmARELLA, L. DC. Prodr. 9. 95. Stem slender, erect,
branched ; lowest leaves oval- or oblong-spatulate, upper ones ovate or ovate-
lanceolate, sessile and subclasping, margins scabrous; cyme usually com-
pound and raceme-like; calyx 5-cleft, lobes lanceolate, somewhat unequal,
shorter than the corolla-tube; corolla pale-blue, without folds, fringed at the
base of the limb, lobes elliptic-lanceolate, shorter than the tube ; ovary oblong-
linear, sessile—There can be no doubt of the identity of G. acuta and G.
tenuis with this species, as pointed out by Dr. Hooker and Dr. Engelmann.
None of the points of difference indicated by Grisebach—the nearly connate
leaves, their shape, the thinner beard, the smaller flowers with shorter and
more unequal calyx, the more angular taller and more branched stem—are at
all constant. From the mouth of the St. Lawrence westward to the Pacific
and northwest to Great Bear Lake and Unalaska; Rocky Mountains of Col-
orado and Wyoming, and the Sierras of Northern California. 'The present
specimens are a subalpine form, 2~10’ high ; leaves broad and mostly obtuse;
flowers variable in size, 3-6” long, rather few and scattered ; calyx cleft nearly
to the base, the lobes sometimes very unequal; corolla with abundant fringe,
no glands, lobes more or less acute-—East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada,
and in the Uintas; 8—9,500 feet altitude; July, August. (946.)

Var. stricta. (G. acuta, Mx., Var. stricta, Griseb. DC. Prodr. 9. 96.)
Stem 2-4° high; cymes axillary, strict, elongated, erect—Huntington and
Ruby Valleys and near Humboldt Pass, Nevada; 6,000 feet altitude ; August,
278 BOTANY.

September. Much branched or nearly simple; leaves narrower in propor-
tion than in the last and flowers rather smaller, more numerous and crowded;
corolla-lobes acute or obtuse; obscure glands are sometimes found at the
base. (947.) ,

GENTIANA HETEROSEPALA, Eng. Trans. Acad. St. Louis, 1.215. Annual,
low, erect, simple, few-flowered, glabrous; lowest leaves obovate-spatulate,
upper ones ovate, broad at base, sessile, acute or subobtuse, margin minutely
scabrous; flowers short-peduncled; calyx 5-cleft, two of the lobes large,
ovate, acute, nearly equaling the corolla, the remaining three shorter and
linear-subulate; corolla with obscure glands at base, sparingly bearded, the
lobes linear-oblong, obtuse, spreading, half as long as the tube; anthers ovate-
cordate ; pistil linear—The specimens are much larger than the original
ones of Engelmann, 4-16’ high, and with a rather full beard, but the charac-
ters of the calyx hold good; leaves 4-13’ long, upper ones oblong-lanceolate ;
flowers solitary or fascicled in the axils, on unequal (3’—13') and often long
peduncels or subcymose upon a common peduncle, pale-blue, 6-8” long; hairs
of the fringe in two fascicles at the base of each lobe. Wahsatch and Uinta
Mountains, Utah ; 8-8,500 feet altitude; July, August. (948.)

GenTIANA DETONSA, Fries. This is referred to G. crinita as a variety,
but, as the older species, should be retained. From Canada and the Lakes
to the Arctic Ocean, (Point Barrow, Fort Youkon,) and Rocky Mountains ;
Southern Idaho, (Tolmie;) Colorado, (Hall & Harbour.) Ruby and Hunt-
ington Valleys, Nevada, and Bear River Valley in the Uintas; 6-—8,000 feet
altitude; July, August. (949.)

GenTIaAna FRIcIDA, Henke. DC. Prodr.9.111. Perennial, with a single
ascending stem; leaves spatulate-linear, obtuse, not cartilaginous and nearly
smooth on the margin, flowers subsolitary, terminal; calyx 5-cleft, the lobes
oblong-linear, half as long as the corolla; corolla plaited, glandless and beard-
less, narrowly obconic, whitish with blue spots, the lobes short, ovate, three
times longer than the folds; anthers free, erect; testa slighty winged ; capsule
at length stipitate. Var. aucrpA, Pall. Stem taller but low; leaves broader;
flowers several, pedicelled, twice larger; calyx somewhat unequal and some-
times split.—-The specimens are not yet in flower, but are evidently the same
as the form collected in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado, considered by
Engelmann intermediate between the European /frigida and the Siberian
variety. 3-6” high; radical leaves often 3-4’ long and 2-4’ wide, cauline
CATALOGUE. 279

ones 1-13” long; flowers 2-3, sessile or shortly pedicelled, terminal and
occasionally also axillary, 2’ long; corolla-lobes very acute, greenish-blue,
punctate, the folds truncate and crenate. Uinta Mountains, above head of
Bear River; 12,000 feet altitude; August. (950.)

GENTIANA AFFINIS, Sm. Perennial; stems clustered, ascending; lower
leaves obovate-oblong, obtuse, the upper lanceolate, rather acute, scabrous
upon the margin; flowers solitary and pedicelled or clustered and subsessile ;
bracts nearly equaling the calyx; calyx 5-cleft, lobes oblong-linear or some-
times dilated, unequal, about equaling the entire or variously cleft tube; corolla
blue, beardless and glandless, narrowly clavate, open, twice longer than the
calyx, the lobes oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, thrice longer than the cleft folds ;
anthers free; testa slightly winged—Quite variable; stems 10-20’ high,
1-flowered, or the solitary axillary flowers (10’—1’ in length) on long pedicels,
or the axillary peduncles several-flowered and much reduced in length; calyx-
lobes very variable, sometimes almost none, and rarely wholly occupying the
truncate border of the tube; stigmas connate or twisted or diverging; cap-
sule on a stipe nearly equaling the calyx-tube; seeds orbicular or oblong,
winged or wingless. From the Red River and Saskatchewan west to Wash-
ington Territory and southward into California, Utah and New Mexico.
Ruby, Huntington, and Goose Creek Valleys, Nevada, and Bear River Valley
in the Uintas; 6—8,000 feet altitude; July-September. (951.)

GentTiana Parryr, Eng. Trans. Acad. St. Louis, 1.218. Perennial ;
stems one or several, ascending or erect, 4—9’ high, simple, leafy, few-flowered;
leaves somewhat glaucous, broad at base, rounded-ovate, ovate or ovate-
lanceolate, 10-15” long and 3-10” wide, subobtuse or acute, spreading, the
uppermost narrow, carinate and boat-shaped, involucrate to the sessile large
bluish-purple flowers; calyx 5-cleft, membranous, entire or sometimes more
or less slit, the lobes linear, shorter than the tube; tube of the open corolla
obconic, twice longer than the calyx, the erect broadly obovate lobes very
‘shortly acute, scarcely exceeding the bifid folds; ovary lanceolate, stipitate-—
Flowers 15- 18” long, very deep purple, greenish below, the lobes a third as
long as the tube, widening upward. Colorado and Utah. Clover Mountains,
Nevada, and in the Uintas; 10,000 feet altitude; August, September. (952.)

Frasera speciosa, Dougl. Hook. Fi. Bor-Am. 2. 66, ¢. 153. Stem
stout, erect, 3-5° high, strict, usually simple, glabrous; leaves in fours, thick,
280 BOTANY.

acutish, 7-9-nerved, the lowest oblong-lanceolate, 6-9’ long and 2’ wide,
attenuate into a long petiole, the cauline connate at base and the uppermost
linear; the racemose cyme densely flowered, elongated ; calyx-segments
linear, acuminate, equaling the whitish punctate corolla; glands in pairs, ellip-
tic-oblong; filaments dilated at base, scarcely united; style about equaling
the ovary—Biennial; stem not sulcate, often flowering to the base, thick and
succulent with a large pith; peduncles axillary, somewhat in fours, unequal,
simple and 1-flowered or umbellate at the summit; flowers 1’ in diameter,
the petals bearded at base between the filaments. In the mountains from
Washington Territory to Wyoming, Colorado, and New Mexico, (Fendler ;)
Sierras at head of Carson River, (C.D. Gibbs; Tesseranthium radiatum, Kell.)
In the Diamond and East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wah-
satch, usually on divides and sometimes abundant; 7-8,000 feet altitude ;
June, July. (953.)

FRASERA ALBOMARGINATA. Slender, 2-3° high, glabrous, branching into
an open panicle; branches and branchlets verticillate in fours or sometimes
opposite ; leaves verticillate in fours, narrowly oblanceolate, 2-4’ long, 3-5’
wide, obtuse or acute, margined with a silvery-white line and more or less
undulate; upper leaves and bracts lanceolate from a clasping base, acuminate ;
pedicels spreading, 4-2’ long; calyx-lobes 2-3” long, ovate-lanceolate; corolla
9” in diameter, the petals broad-oblong, acute, greenish yellow, dotted with
black above the middle, the base deeper green; gland linear-oblong, fringed
with a villous border, expanding at the top into a broad obcordate deep-green
villous spot—Near St. George in Southern Utah, (Dr. Palmer, 1870.)

Swertia! perennis, L. DC. Prodr. 9. 182. Perennial; stems from
running rootstocks, erect, 6-15’ high, few—many-flowered; lower leaves
oblong-elliptic, long-petioled, the cauline ones opposite, ovate-oblong, obtusish ;
flowers erect, 6-8” in diameter; corolla-segments coriaceous, grayish-blue
with darker spots, elliptic-oblong, acutish, twice longer than the lanceolate
calyx-lobes; glands in pairs, orbicular, the fimbriate crest distinct; stigma
reniform, sulcate; seeds winged—Leaves either alternate or opposite. Ko-
diak, Alaska; Wind River Mountains, (Frémont;) Rocky Mountains of Colo-

 

1SWERTIA, L. Flowers 5- (or sometimes 4-)merous. Calyx-segments united at the very base,
valvate. Corolla withering, rotate, without corona or folds, glands fimbriate on the margin. Stamens”
inserted on the throat; filaments equal at base; anthers at length incumbent, nodding. Stigma ter-
minal, seated on the ovary, continuous, emarginate-reniform. Capsule 1-celled, 2-valved, septicidal,
Seeds numerous, attached to the valves. DE CANDOLLE.
PLATE XXX

   
    

   

Or
Ves 6h)

      

  

HESPEROCHIRON CALIFORNICUS
CATALOGUE. 981

rado. Clover Mountains, Nevada, and in the Uintas; subalpine and alpine
meadows ; 8-10,000 feet altitude; July-September, (954.)

MryyanrTues trirouiata, L. New England to Pennsylvania and Wis-
consin, northward to Newfoundland, Labrador, Hudson's Bay and the
Saskatchewan ; Sitka, Washington Territory, and Sacramento Valley. Ruby
Valley, Nevada; flowerless stems; 6,000 feet altitude. (955.)

Hesprrocuiron’ Caurrornicus. (Ourisia Californica, Benth. Plant.
Hartw., p. 327.) More or less hirsute-pubescent; leaves clustered upon the
summit of a short fusiform root, oblong or ovate, attenuate into a somewhat
dilated fleshy petiole, obtuse, entire or obscurely repand-dentate, ciliate, 1-2’
long; peduncles naked, 1-flowered, shorter than the leaves; calyx-segments
3 long, oblong, pubescent; corolla 5—8” long, more or less deeply cleft, the
limb somewhat oblique, the tube and filaments somewhat hairy.—Pubescence
rather variable, the surface of the leaves and sepals occasionally smoothish.
An abnormal genus in some of its characters, its estivation and the inequality
of the corolla-lobes and stamens suggesting an affinity to the Scrophulariacea,
with which it was placed by Bentham without an examination of the ovary.
It is, however, doubtless more nearly a Villarsia. Indeed, the V. pumila of
Grisebach, (Hook. Flor. Bor.-Amer. 2. 70, t. 157; the corolla more open and
somewhat rotate, the tube densely hairy within, and the leaves and calyx
more glabrous, ) is very similar and is probably either a second species or may
prove to be but a form of the present one. From the Columbia River to the
Sacramento, (1875 Hartweg, 379 Frémont, Cronkhite, and Lyall,) the
“Snake Country,” (Tolmie,) and near Carson City, (Anderson.) Found in
the latter locality, in grassy meadows ;- 5,000 feet altitude; April. Puare
XXX. Fig. 1. A rather large plant; natural size. Figs. 2, 3. Flowers,
different forms. Fig. 4. Flower, laid open; enlarged two diameters. Fig.
5. Stamen. Fig. 6. Ovary. Fig. 7. Mature capsule. Fig. 9. Seeds; all
enlarged four diameters. Fig. 8. Section of ovary; enlarged eight diame-
ters. (956.)

 

'HESPEROCHIRON. Calyx 5- (sometimes 6-7-) parted, the segments unequal. Corolla rather
narrow campanulate, without either glands, corona or folds, the limb a (sometimes 6-7-) cleft, slightly
bilabiate and more or less spreading, the segments subequal, imbricate in estivation. Stamens as many
as the corolla-lobes, inserted at the base of the tube, unequal; filaments fleshy, attenuated upward ;
anthers oval, erect, cordate at base, 2-celled, cells laterally dehiscent. Ovary 1-celled, surrounded at base
by 5 obscure glands, the numerous ovules attached in 2 rows to the sutural placente. Styles rae
nearly to the apex, persistent; stigmas entire. Capsule 1-celled, loculicidally dehiscent, 2-valved, valves
entire. Seeds wingless, ovate, roughened.—A perennial or biennial acaulescent herb.

36
282 BOTANY.

APOCYNACE.

Apocynum ANDROSaMIFoLIuM, L. Mostly glabrous throughout. From
North Carolina to Hudson’s Bay and west to Kansas and the Saskatchewan,
and from Washington Territory to the Sacramento. East Humboldt Mount-
ains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch and Uintas; 6-8,000 feet altitude; July,
August. (957.)-

ApocynuM cANNABINUM, L. 3-6° high; cauline leaves 4’ long or more
and 2’ broad, sessile and amplexicaul, the rameal ones much smaller and
petioled; glabrous. Used by the Indians as a substitute for hemp in making
nets, &c. From Florida to Canada and Winnipeg Valley, and west to New
Mexico, Sonora and California. On the Humboldt River and on stream-
banks in the West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and shores of Salt Lake ;
4—5,000 feet altitude; June-September. (958.)

ASCLEPIADACE A.

AscLepias rascicuLarts, Decne. DC. Prodr. 8. 569. Stems erect,
glabrous, 3-5° high; leaves crowded in fours or fives, 2-5’ long, short-petioled,
linear, mucronulate, glabrous, uniform in color, not revolute, subcoriaceous,
nerves thick beneath; peduncles shorter than the leaves, umbeled, densely
flowered; pedicels and flowers softly puberulent ; ccrolla-lobes ovate, reflexed,
about equaling the pedicels; hoods ovate upon the back; horns falciform,
acute ; crown stipitate ; pods smooth, narrow, 23’ long and 23” wide.—Differ-
ing from A. verticillaris only in its less pubescence, more densely flowered
umbels, more distant whorls of leaves and stouter habit. Oregon to Southern
California. West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 5,000 feet altitude; August,
September. (959.)

ASCLEPIAS speciosa, Torr. DC. Prodr.8. 571. (A. Douglasii, Hook.,
DC, i. c., 564.) Tomentose; stem simple, 2-5° high; leaves 4—8' long,
cordate-ovate, acute, short-petioled, or the uppermost sessile ; umbels axillary
and terminal, solitary, many-flowered, the short peduncles and the pedicels
densely tomentose; flowers light-purple; corolla-lobes ovate, acutish, reflexed ;
hoods of the crown 6” long, ovate, long-acuminate, bidentate at the base
within, thrice longer than the stigma and the compressed incurved horn;
pods 4’ long, 1’ in diameter.—From Washington Territory and Northern
California to Dakota, Colorado and New Mexico. The prevalent species of
CATALOGUE. . 283

the valleys of Nevada and Utah; 46,000 feet altitude; July-Septem-
ber. (960.)

ASCLEPIAS CRYPTOCERAS. (Anantheriz speciosa, Nutt., in Herb. ; Acerates
latifolia, Torr. Frém. Rep. 317.) Glabrous; stems decumbent, 6-10’ long,
simple; leaves 3-4 pairs, rounded ovate, 13-2: long, on very short petioles ;
umbels axillary and terminal, sessile, few-flowered ; corolla-lobes ovate-lance-
olate, spreading, greenish-yellow, 5” long ; hoods of the crown 3” long, equal-
ing the disk, purple, ovate, abruptly pointed with two short recurved beaks;
horn short, incurved, not at all exserted—Fruit unknown; easily mistaken
for an Acerates. Found by Nuttall on Ham's Fork of Green River, Utah,
and by Frémont (584) in Southeastern Idaho. West Humboldt Mountains,
Nevada, near Humboldt Lake, rare; 5,000 feet altitude; May, in flower.
Pirate XXVIII. Fig. 1. Stem; natural size. Fig.2. Flower. Fig. 8. Hood,
divided between the beaks and showing the included horn; both enlarged
two.diameters. Fig. 4. Pollen masses; enlarged sixteen diameters. (961.)

ACERATES DECUMBENS, Decne. DC. Prodr. 8. 522. Stems 1-2° long,
numerous, decumbent, sometimes angular; leaves scattered and subopposite,
ovate-lanceolate or more usually narrow-lanceolate, (6 long, 4-1’ wide,) acute,
margins scabrous; umbels terminal, subglobose; corolla-lobes ovate, green-
ish-yellow; hoods purple, equaling the lobes and exceeding the disk; pods
smooth, 4’ long, 1’ in diameter—From Western Texas and Arkansas to
Arizona and Utah. On Stansbury Island and in Jordan Valley; June-
August. (962.)

OLEACEZ.

Fraxinus anomaua, Torr., in Herb. Branchlets and petioles pubescent ;
leaves simple, broadly cordate or ovate, abruptly acute or emarginate, 1-12’
in diameter, longer than the petiole, entire, more or less pubescent beneath ;
fruit wing-margined the entire length, 6-10” long, oblong, cuneate at base,
and acutish or emarginate above; calyx less than 1” long, persistent at the
base of the fruit; seeds 1-2, 3-4” long—A small tree, 15° high, first discov-
ered by Newberry on Macomb’s Expedition in 1859 in Labyrinth Cafion on
the Colorado River, Utah, and again recently collected by Palmer near St.
George on the Rio Virgen in the southwestern portion of the State. The
fruit is occasionally triangular, 3-winged, and 3-seeded.
, 284 BOTANY.

Fraxinus viriis, Mx. Collected also by Dr. Palmer in the same re-
gion; branchlets, petioles and midveins finely pubescent,

NYCTAGINACE.

Mrraprus! Catrrornica, Gray. Bot. Mex. Bound. 173. Glabrous or
more or less viscid-pubescent; stems several from a woody base, 1—2° long,
ascending, branches spreading; leaves 6-15” long, fleshy, rounded-ovate,
subcordate at base, obtuse on short pedicels, the floral ones subsessile ; invo-
lucre 1-flowered, 5-cleft, segments triangular-ovate, acute, somewhat unequal ;
perianth rose-color, rather small, (3” long,) campanulate-rotate, the lobes
emarginate; stamens usually 5, exserted; fruit smooth, ovate, 13” long.—
Southern California and Western Arizona. Virginia and Pah-Ute Mountains,
Nevada; 5-6,000 feet altitude; June, July. (963.)

OXYBAPHUS ANGUSTIFOLIUS, Sweet. Gray, 7c. 175. Stems glabrous,
ascending, slender, 1-6° high; leaves glabrous, linear, usually elongated,
(2-4',) repand, thick, glaucous; peduncles and involucre pubescent ; flowers
loosely panicled ; involucre with 5 triangular or ovate acutish lobes, 3-5-flow-
ered, becoming 5” long in fruit; perianth short, subcampanulate or rotate-
funnelform, scarcely exceeding the involucre, the limb 12” long; stamens
exserted; fruit hoary pubescent, 23” long—From Western Texas and Chi-
huahua to Southern Idaho, Nebraska and Minnesota. Foot-hills of the
Wahsatch, from Salt Lake City to Provo City; May—August. (964.)

Apronta? FRAGRANS, Nutt. More or less viscid-pubescent; stems several,
herbaceous from a perennial root, ascending, 4-14° high; leaves oblong or
ovate, 1-24 long, truncate or more or less cuneate at the base, obtuse or
acutish ; peduncles mostly solitary, elongated ; bracts of the involucre large,
broadly ovate, white and scarious, obtuse or acute, 4-9” long, often equaling
the whitish flowers; stamens unequal ; stigma clavate; fruit 3-6” long, coria-
ceous, with narrow undulate coarsely reticulated wings, not crested, often

 

'MIRABILIS, L. Involucre herbaccous, scarcely changed in fruit, calyx-like, of united leaves,
5-lobed, 1-12-flowered. Calyx tubular or more or less broadly funnelform. Stamens almost always 5,
united within the persistent base of the calyx. Stigma capitate, granulated. Fruit indurated, smooth,
ovoid, not angled and scarcely or not at all ribbed. Seed straight, with incurved embryo, inferior radi-
cle, and foliaceous cotyledons.—Herbs with jointed stems, opposite leaves, and flowers solitary in the
axils or in crowded terminal clusters.

*?ABRONIA, Juss. Involucre perfect, of 5-15 distinct leaflets, the head many-flowered. Calyx
salverform with obcordate lobes. Stamens 5, included, adnate to the thbe. Style included 3 stigma cap-
itate or linear-clavate. Perfect fruit 5-winged. Seed cylindrical, smooth. Embryo by abortion mono-
cotyledonous, enfolding the central mealy albumen.—Low herbs, with thick opposite petioled unequal
leaves; peduncles axillary and terminal, and flowers in solitary involucrate heads,
PLATE 77/1

   

   
  

  
 

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6 QL AP

   
     

1-6 ABRONIA TURBINATA
CATALOGUE. : 285

very irregular and but 1-2-winged or wingless; seed 14” long —Distinguished
especially by its broad scarious involucre and its not indurated nor crested
fruit; varying considerably in pubescence, the present specimens having
rather more than usual. From Northern Arizona and New Mexico to Salt
Lake Valley, the Platte, and Council Bluffs, Iowa. Foot-hills near Salt Lake
City and sandy shore of Stansbury Island; 4~-5,000 feet altitude; May,
June. (965.)

ABRONIA TURBINATA, Torr., in Herb. Annual, viscid-pubescent; stems
3-1° long, prostrate or subascending ; leaves 4-14’ long, broadly ovate or ob-
long, glabrous or slightly pubescent on the margin, cordate, truncate, or some-
times cuneate at base, obtuse or rarely acute, sometimes sparingly sinuate-
dentate, usually exceeding or about equaling the petioles; peduncles usually
elongated and exceeding the leaves; involucral bracts 2~6” long, mostly
linear-lanceolate, acuminate ; flowers numerous, 6-8” long, pinkish; limb
5-parted, 4” broad; stamens unequal; fruit 3-4” long, thin-coriaceous, the
narrow hollow wings crested above in the perfect fruit with transverse disks ,
seed 1” long.—Body of the fruit not at all thickened and rigid, as in A. um-
bellata and A. mellifera, the wings frequently more or less aborted, but in the
normal form straight and equal, each terminated by a circular disk. From
New Mexico and Arizona to Southern California (?) and Nevada. It is 1710
and 601 Wright, and 93 Wislizenus, from New Mexico; was collected by
Emory and Dr. Palmer in Arizona, and by Stretch and Dr. Torrey (455) in
Western Nevada. Frémont’s specimens from the Mohave River are probably
the same. It may be the A. speciosa of Buckley, from Fort Belknap, New
Mexico, but the description is too meager for the identification of the species.
Carson and Humboldt Valleys, Nevada; May—August. Puare XXXI. Fig.
1. A flowering stem; natural size. Fig. 2. Flower, laid open. Fig. 3.
Fruit, divided longitudinally and showing the seed. Fig. 4. ‘Transverse sec-
tion of the wings. Fig. 5. Terminal disks; all enlarged two diameters.
Fig. 8. Transverse section of seed. Fig. 9. Embryo; both enlarged eight
diameters. Figs. 6,7. Fruit of A. wmbellata; enlarged two diameters. (966.)

Asronia cycLoprera, Gray. Stl. Jour., n.s., 15.319. (A. micrantha,
Torr. Frém. Rep. 96.) Annual, more or less glandular-pubescent, scarcely
at all viscid; stems 2’-2° long, ascending; leaves oblong, ovate, or ovate-
lanceolate, usually more or less cuneate at base, obtuse, the blade 1-2’ long,
coarse-pubescent at least upon the margins and veins beneath; peduncles
2986 BOTANY.

mostly 2-4’ long, sometimes much shorter ; involucre of 5 ovate or narrow-
lanceolate acuminate subherbaceous bracts, 2-5” long, 8-20-flowered; flower
bright rose-color, 6-12” long, the large limb (4-8” broad) 4—5-parted with
deeply emarginate lobes; tube pubescent; stamens 3-5, unequal; fruit
7-12” long and 4-10” wide, including the 2-4 (usually 3) semi-orbicular
membranous strongly reticulated wings, which are united above the firm and
rigid body; seed 24-4” long—A showy handsome plant, beginning to flower
very early. The fruit of the central flower is usually wingless. The speci-
mens of the collection, like others from the same region collected by Dr.
Torrey, Stretch, and Veatch, (A. Crua-Maite, Kell.) are only in flower,
showing immature fruit. They are alike in the broad 4-lobed and 4-androus
flowers, the very slender tube green above and slightly dilated about the ap-
proximate anthers, the uppermost of which are in the very throat; the upper
tube is often marked by minute white lines, (raphides?) From Northern
Texas and New Mexico to the Platte; on the Saskatchewan, (Bourgeau.)
Valleys of Western Nevada; May, June. (967.)

Hermipium! auieres. Stems rather stout, ascending, branched, 1° high;
leaves 1-24’ long, broad-ovate, subcordate, obtuse or subacute, short-petioled ;
heads about 6-flowered; bracts 6-10” long, cordate-ovate, acute, sessile, occa-
sionally slightly united, more or less colored; perigonium deciduous, light-
purple, campanulate, narrowed toward the base, about equaling the -bract,
somewhat 5-lobed, the 5 nerves leading to the sinuses; the slender filaments
and elongated style about equaling the perigonium; stigma capitate; fruit
(immature) globular, smooth; ovary apparently narrowly 3-winged.—From
its bract-like involucres belonging technically to the suborder Bougainvillee
of Choisy, but in the structure of the flower and fruit, (so far as appears from
immature specimens,) wholly a Mirabilis. On low foot-hills from the Big
Bend of the Truckee River to Oreana on the Humboldt; May. Puare
XXXII. Fig. 1. Portion of stem; uppermost head of undeveloped flowers
opened out and showing imperfectly their position; natural size. Fig. 2. A

single bract and flower. Fig. 3. Vertical section of immature ovary; enlarged
four diameters. (968.)

 

}HERMIDIUM. Involucre consisting of a single broad membranous bract below the base of each
flower. Flowers in condensed head-like terminal and axillary racemes, the short pedicels adnate to the
midveins of the bracts. Perigonium campanulate-funnelform. Stamens 5-7. Otherwise as in Mirabilis.—
A fleshy herbaceous glabrous and glaucous perennial; leaves opposite, entire,
PLATE XXXll

 

HERMIDIUM ALIPES.
CATALOGUE. 287

CHENOPODIACE::'

CuHENopopium aLBum, L. Throughout the United States to the Pacific
and northward to Hudson’s Bay and Bear Lake. It occurs in the collection
in various forms, some of which are beyond doubt indigenous. The ordi-
nary tall variety with large acutely-toothed leaves, (a form of Var. hetero-
phyllum, Ledeb.,) was only collected in the Truckee Meadows, Ne-
vada. (969.)

Specimens from Blue Spring Valley, Utah, 1° or more high, have the
leaves less than 6’ long, ovate, rounded or very acute, entire, or the few
teeth obtuse or acute; fruit in numerous dense approximate clusters as large
as small peas, with the calyx very strongly keeled, nearly covering the seed ;
October. (970.)

Forms of Ledebour’s Var. integrifolium are more frequent, and espe-
cially the Var. LEPTOPHYLLUM, Mogq., with lance-linear or linear entire leaves,
hoary-farinose, the branches of the panicle rather long and loose, the stems
low, usually but 1° or often less in height. It has been found from Dakota
to New Mexico and westward, by Nuttall, Nicolet, Gordon, Frémont,
Wright, and others, and is certainly indigenous, though it appears to run into
ordinary viride states of C. album. Carrington Island in Salt Lake, and on
the East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 4,500 and 9,000 feet altitude.
(971.) Larger specimens, approaching the same form, were collected in
Truckee, Regan, and Diamond Valleys, Nevada; 4~-5,500 feet alti-
tude. (972.)

Cuenopopium Fremontt. More or less farinose, 6’—3° high, diffusely
branched; leaves oblong, ovate or broadly triangular, 4-15” long, mostly
hastate, abruptly attenuate into a slender petiole; panicle loose and spread-
ing with short bractlets; calyx-lobes carinate-cucullate; seed horizontal,
smooth, and shining.—Collected by Frémont on the North Platte upon his
first expedition. Truckee and Monitor Valleys and on the foot-hills and
ridges of the East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 4-800 feet altitude; July,
August. (973.)

CuEnoropium Hyspripum, L. Foot-hills of the East Humboldt Mount-
ains, Nevada, and in the caiions of the Wahsatch ; 6—7,000 feet altitude ;

 

1 The plants of this Order in the collection were mostly examined and the new species named or
indicated by Dr. TorREY, but he is not responsible for the descriptions, nor in some cases for the deter-
minations.
288 BOTANY.

June-August. Certainly indigenous, and apparently not differing from the
European plant. Reported from the Saskatchewan, Colorado, and Indian
Territory. (974.)

Curnopoprum Borrys, L. Salt Lake Valley. Introduced. (975.)

Burrum capiratum, L. From Western New York and Canada to the
Saskatchewan, Great Slave Lake, and Youkon River, and southward in Col-
orado and New Mexico. East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and in the
Wahsatch and Uintas; 5-7,000 feet altitude; May—August. Growing in
shaded places; 1-2° high. (976.) A reduced form was also collected with
the stems decumbent or nearly so, and the leaves entire, often not even has-
tate. (977.)

Burrum potymorpuum, C. A. Meyer. (B. rubrum, Reich. DC. Prodr.
13. 2. 88.) Annual, smooth, with an erect or decumbent angled branching
stem, 1-14° high; leaves deltoid, rhombic-oblong or hastately 3-lobed, acute
or obtusish, unequally sinuate-dentate or rarely entire, rather thick and some-
times reddish ; spikes simple or subcompound, leafy or leafless; calyx closed
in fruit, ecarinate, herbaceous or subbaccate ; seed with an obtuse margin,
shining, purple; terminal flowers with a 5-parted calyx, 5 stamens, and the
seed horizontal; the remainder with the calyx 2-3-parted and 1-2 stamens.
Var. HUMILE, Mog. (Chenopodium humile, Hook.) Stem decumbent; leaves
entire, fleshy, the lower ovate-spatulate, the upper oblong or linear; clus-
ters axillary and solitary—Agreeing closely with the description of Hook-
er’s plant from the marshes of the Saskatchewan, though somewhat larger.
Thousand Spring Valley, Nevada; 6,000 feet altitude ; September. It has
been collected at Klamath Lake in Northern California, and Shoalwater Bay,
Washington Territory. (978.)

Monoteris‘ cueNopopiorwEs, Mog. DC. Prodr. 13. 2. 85. (Blitum
Nuttallianum, R. & §.) Glabrous, or somewhat glaucous and farinose ;
stems ascending or decumbent, 3-12’ high, branched; leaves 3-2’ long,
attenuate into the petiole and hastate at base, the lobes acute and entire or
the middle one laciniate-toothed ; flowers in rather dense clusters in the
axils, often reddish, the sepals lance-elliptic, obtuse, sometimes abortive ;

 

1MONOLEPIS, Scnrap. Flowers polygamous, bractless. Calyx of a single scale-like sepal, per-
sistent, without appendages. Stamen 1, inserted upon the receptacle. Disk and staminodia none.
Styles 2, filiform, somewhat united at base, stigmatic on the inner surface. Utricle strongly compressed
naked, rather thick, subadherent to the vertical flattened seed. Testa crustaceous, fragile. Embryo an-
nular, surrounding the copious farinaceous albumen; radicle inferior—Annual herbs, with alternate
petioled leaves and clustered axillary flowers. Moquin,in DC, Prodr.
CATALOGUE. 289

seed rather acutely margined, minutely tuberculate and not shining, 4” in
diameter—F rom the Saskatchewan to Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona.
Dry hillsides and alkaline flats from the Truckee River to Ruby Valley,
Nevada; 4—6,000 feet altitude ; May—August. (979.)

Monoteris pusiuua, Torr. Very slender, 2-6’ high, glabrous or sub-
farinose, erect, diffusely much branched from the base, often reddish; leaves
remote, oblong or ovate, 1-4” long and 1” wide, obtuse and attenuate into a
very short petiole; clusters 1—5-flowered, the often solitary seeds com-
pressed, rather obtusely margined, tuberculate and not shining, dark or
reddish, 2” in diameter; calyx and utricle usually evanescent—Collected
by Anderson near Carson.City, and rather frequent in the alkaline valleys
of Western Nevada; 4-5,000 feet altitude, May-July. (980.) Monolepis
spathulata, Gray, from Mono Pass, California, is more decumbent, the spatu-
late leaves numerous along the simple elongated branches, clusters crowded,
utricle very papulose-scabrous, seed less compressed, very smooth and
shining.

Ontong’ canescens, Mog. DC. Prodr. 18. 2. 112. Shrubby, 1-5°
high, hoary-canescent and pulverulent, unarmed, branches usually erect and
virgate ; leaves sessile, oblong or linear-oblong, narrowed at base, obtuse or
acutish, occasionally emarginate, entire, 1-23’ long and 2-4” wide, (some-
times smaller and ovate or obovate ;) flowers dicecious, the staminate in dense
clusters at the extremities of the branchlets, the pistillate clusters less
crowded, axillary ; fruit 2-3” long, hoary-pubescent, sessile or short-pedi-
celled, wingless or winged by the more or less dilated margins of the vari-
ously toothed bracts—From Dakota to Northern Texas, and westward to
Nevada and Southern California. Frequent in the dry and alkaline valleys
of Nevada and Utah; 46,000 feet altitude. Most of the specimens have
nearly or quite wingless fruit. (981.) Others have the bracts considerably
dilated, though still less than is frequently the case. (982.)

OBIONE CONFERTIFOLIA, Torr. Frem. Rep. 318. Shrubby, 1-2° high,
rigidly and diffusely branched, spinose, scurfy or mealy-pubescent ; leaves
ovate or obovate, 3-6” long, short-petioled, obtuse or retuse or sometimes
acutish, entire, becoming rather thick and coriaceous; flowers dicecious, the

 

1OBIONE, Garry. Pistillate flowers all without calyx and 2-bracted, the bracts more or less
completely united and becoming hardened or corky; radicle superior; otherwise as in Atriplex.—Mone<

cious or dicecious herbs or under shrubs, with mostly alternate entire or sinuate-dentate leaves. Moqurin,
in DC. Prodr.

37
290 BOTANY.

small clusters axillary along the leafy branches, sessile ; bracts nearly orbic-
ular, becoming 3-5” in diameter, united and cuneate at the indurated com-
pressed base, and dilated upward, obtuse, entire or rarely with a few lateral
teeth, waxy farinaceous—Abundant in the alkaline valleys of the Great
Basin and extending southward into New Mexico, Arizona, and Northern
Mexico; 4-6,000 feet altitude; April-October. O. spinosa, Moquin, col-
lected by Nuttall, should be the same, judging from the description. (983.)

OBIONE HYMENELYTRA, Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 182. Pac. R. R. Rep. 4.
129, ¢. 20.. Stem shrubby, 2-3° high, much-branched, the branches un-
armed, subterete, hoary; leaves subdeltoid-orbicular, or truncate or sub-
cordate at base, 1-14’ in diameter, coarsely and acutely sinuate-dentate,
densely hoary-scurfy ; flowers dicecious, the staminate in dense clusters col-
lected into axillary and terminal paniculate spikes; bracts reniform-orbicular,
membranous, very entire, united only at base, the disk naked; fruiting
bracts over 4” in breadth, reticulately veined, the short pedicel tumid and
spongy.—Colorado Desert and on the Lower Gila; Southern Utah, (Pal-
mer, 1870.)

Osrone Torreyi. Shrubby, 2 3° high, much branched, the short
divaricate rigid branchlets usually spinescent, scurfy-pulverulent; leaves del-
toid-hastate, 2-1’ long, the smaller becoming ovate or oblong, entire, obtuse
or acutish, mucronulate; flowers dicecious, in numerous small sessile clus-
ters, the staminate crowded in spreading panicles terminating the branch-
lets, the pistillate more scattered along nearly simple branchlets, which are
leafy only toward the base; bracts of the flowers minute, ovate, obtuse and
entire, united at base, densely farinaceous ; fruit unknown.—Near O. acan-
thocarpa, Torr., but apparently very distinct, though the specimens are only
in flower. Very frequent in the dry valleys bordering the Truckee and
Carson Rivers, where it was also collected by Dr. Torrey (463;) July,
August. (984.)

OBIONE ARGENTEA, Mog. DC. Prodr. 13. 2. 115. Annual and herb-
aceous, 6-15’ high, branching from the base, the branches ascending, densely
mealy-canescent, especially when young; leaves rather thick and fleshy,
3-2' long, usually hastate or deltoid, sometimes rhomboidal or ovoid, atten-
uate into the short petiole, obtuse or acutish, entire or rarely sinuate-
toothed; flowers moncecious, in sessile axillary clusters upon the leafy
branches; staminate clusters small; bracts somewhat orbicular, united at
CATALOGUE. 991

base, dilated and herbaceous above in fruit, becoming often 2-3” in diameter,
the margin deeply and acutely toothed and undulate, the sides strongly retic-
ulated and frequently more or less crested—From Dakota to New Mexico
and westward to California. Found in dry alkaline valleys or on foot-hills
from the Truckee Desert to Northeastern Nevada; 4—6,000 feet altitude ;
May—September; but only in flower. (985.)

Oxsione PHYLLOsTEGIA, Torr. Annual and herbaceous, about 1° high,
erect, the branches ascending; stem and leaves nearly glabrous or somewhat
scurfy ; leaves about 1’ long, deltoid-hastate or ovate-rhomboid, acute or
acuminate, abruptly attenuate into a slender petiole equaling the blade;
flowers moncecious or wholly pistillate, the staminate in large and conspic-
uous axillary clusters; bracts of the young fruit united into a somewhat
tubular base, hairy below, the limb above lanceolate, acuminate, entire or -
gash-toothed; style elongated, nearly equaling the bracts—Near to O.
argentea, but a well-marked species, though the mature fruit is still wanting.
As a slight doubt remains respecting the position of the radicle, it may yet
prove to be an Atriplex. First found by H. Engelmann at ‘“ Gate of Gib-
raltar,” Utah; not rare on dry foot-hills and near hot springs, between the
Truckee and Humboldt Rivers, Western Nevada, growing with the last;
4,000 feet altitude; May. (986.)

Osronz tTRuNcATA, Torr. Annual and herbaceous, erect, branched,
2-8° high, slightly pulverulent and glaucous, furfuraceous above; lower
leaves on short petioles, broadly ovate, truncate or cordate at base, obtuse
or acutish, 1-2” long, the upper ones sessile and cordate, acute, gradually
diminishing to the ends of the branchlets; staminate clusters small and
inconspicuous; fruit 1” in diameter, the bracts broadly obovate, united to
near the summit, which is truncate and denticulate, but slightly extended
beyond the naked disk—Collected by Dr. Anderson (40) near Carson City,
and common on the Truckee River; 4—4,500 feet altitude; July. (987.)

Osrone pusttua, Torr. Annual, herbaceous, 2-4’ high, diffusely
branched from the base, white-scurfy throughout; leaves small, 1-2” in
diameter, sessile and subamplexicaul, ovate, acute, crowded above; flowers
moneecious, minute; fruiting bracts #” long, ovate, acutish, entire, united
half their length—Near O. microcarpa, Benth. First collected by Ander-
son (65) near Carson City. Found on the edge of a dried alkali flat near
the head of Humboldt Valley ; 5,500 feet altitude; September. (988.)
292 BOTANY.

Grayra! poryeaLowss, H. & A. (G. spinosa, Mog. DC. Proar. 13. 2.
119.) Erect, diffusely branched, 1-3° high, the branchlets frequently spiny
at the apex; leaves spatulate or obovate, 6-15” long, 2-5” broad, attenuate
at base into a short petiole, somewhat farinaceous or scurfy, and rather fleshy ;
flowering spikes 3-1’ long, the staminate flowers small, the fertile spikes
elongating in fruit and the calyx becoming 3-6’, in diameter, white or pur-
plish, strongly compressed; fruit minute, rarely 3” broad, nearly central in
the calyx—From Southwestern Wyoming and Utah to Washington Terri-
tory and Oregon, Nevada, and Southeastern California. Frequent in alkaline
valleys and on dry foot-hills throughout the Great Basin; 4-6,500 feet
altitude; May July. (989.)

Evrotia® tanata, Moq. DC. Prodr. 13. 2. 121. White-tomentose,

-6 18’ high, woody below, the subherbaceous branches virgate and often sim-
ple; leaves numerous, alternate and fascicled, linear-lanceolate, 6-18” long,
1-2” wide, revolute upon the margins; flowers frequently dicecious ; fruiting
involucre 2-3” long, penicillate with four dense tufts of long white hairs,
(becoming brown in the herbarium, as also the tomentum ;) seed minute, 3”
long.—Scarcely differing from narrow-leaved forms of the Asiatic E. ceratoides.
From the Saskatchewan and Western Dakota to New Mexico, and westward
to the Sierras. Frequent in the dry valleys and ridges of Nevada and West-
ern Utah, retaining its foliage and fruit through winter, and valuable for
its fattening qualities for stock. Beef thus fed, however, acquires a peculiar
rather disagreeable flavor. Known both as “‘ White Sage” and ‘“ Winter

 

1GRAYIA, H. & A. Flowers diccious, bractless, glomerate-spicate. Staminate flowers with a
5-parted unappendaged calyx, the five stamens inserted upon the receptacle, with linear-subulate fila-
ments and elliptic anthers. Calyx of pistillate flowers rounded-saccate, strongly compressed, winged on

‘the margins, emarginate at the contracted mouth. Ovary sessile, narrow-oblong. Style slender-subu-
late, jointed at base. Stigmas 2, filiform, exserted, hirsute. Fruit included in the enlarged membranous
net-veined calyx, compressed, orbicular. Seed flattened, rounded, vertical, with a thin adherent peri-
carp. Albumen central, mealy. Embryo nearly annular; radicle inferior—A somewhat spinescent
undershrub, with alternate or fascicled entire and subsessile leaves, the flowers in axillary clusters,
forming terminal spikes. Moquin, in DC. Prodr.

®?EUROTIA, Apans. Flowers monecious or sometimes diwcious ; the staminate flowers glomerate-
spicate at the extremities of the leafy branches; the pistillate below them, axillary, sessile, solitary or
clustered, 2-bracted ; bracts at first free, becoming connate, enlarging and including the flower in acalyx-
like tubular involucre, the free summits elongated and narrowed. Calyx of the staminate flowers 4-
parted, the lobes equal, membranous. Stamens 4, inserted on a naked receptacle. Fertile flowers with-
out calyx, staminodia, or nectariferous disk. Ovary ovoid. Styles 2, capillary, united only at the base,
exserted, hirsute. Fruit utricular, membranous, villous, included in the exceedingly hirsute involucre.
Seed vertical, compressed, obovate, with a simple membranous testa. Embryo nearly annular, surround-
ing the small mealy albumen, green; radicle inferior—Low stellately pubescent undershrubs, with
alternate short-petioled entire leaves, LpEBOUR, in Flor. Ross,
CATALOGUE. 293

Fat,” and of repute as a remedy in intermittents. 4,500-7,000 feet altitude;
May-September. (990.)

Kocuia’ prostrata, Schrad. DC. Prodr. 13. 2. 182. Shrubby and
branched at base, 6-18" high, the branchlets herbaceous, erect or ascending,
virgate and mostly simple, pubescent, leafy ; leaves narrowly linear, 3-12”
long, 4 rarely 1” wide, thick, acutish, villous-pubescent, ascending or erect ;
flowers mostly in threes or solitary, the central one perfect; wings of the
fruiting calyx 1” in diameter, cuneate-orbicular, obtuse, obsoletely’ crenulate,
nerved; fruit and seed 1” in diameter, the thick embryo nearly filling the
exalbuminous seed.—465 Torrey from Western Nevada, and reported else-
where only in Geyer’s collection, though frequent on the foot-hills and in the
alkaline valleys of Nevada and Western Utah; 4~5,000 feet altitude; May-
September. (991.) The whole plant reddish, but not otherwise differ-
ent. (992.)

CoRISPERMUM HYSSOPIFOLIUM, L. From Lake Superior to the Saskatch-
ewan and Red Rivers, and northward to the Arctic Ocean; Oregon and
Washington Territory ; Arizona and New Mexico. Carson Desert, Nevada,
and Jordan Valley, Utah; 4-4,500 feet altitude; August. (993.)

SALICORNIA HERBACEA, L. Along the coast from Georgia to New
England, and in salt marshes westward to the Saskatchewan and Utah.
Mouth of Bear River and at a salt spring in the Wahsatch; 4,300-6,500
feet altitude. (994.)

HatostacHys? occientTauis. Shrubby, erect, branching, 2-5° high;
branchlets alternate, spreading, herbaceous, deep-green, jointed ; leaves alter-

 

1KOCHIA, Rotn. Flowers polygamous, perfect and pistillate intermixed, bractless, axillary, ses-
sile, solitary or clustered, loosely or closely spicate along the branches. Calyx globose-pitcher-shaped,
5-cleft, herbaceous, the lobes becoming winged on the back with transverse membranous or herbaceous
processes, which are often wanting or imperfect in the perfect flowers. Stamens 5, usually exserted,
with filiform filaments and ovate anthers. Styles 2, elongated, filiform, divaricate. Fruit utricular, de-
pressed, included in the hardened calyx. Seed horizontal, round-ovate, depressed, with a simple mem-
branous testa. Embryo nearly annular, thick, green, surrounding the scanty albumen, (sometimes want-
ing;) radicle centrifugal—Villous or pubescent herbs or undershrubs, with alternate sessile narrow or
semi-terete and fleshy leaves. Moqurn, in DC. Prodr.

®HALOSTACHYS, C.A. Meyer. Flowers 1-3, perfect, the clusters subtended by bract-like scales,
alternate and crowded in amentaceous terminal spikes. Calyx urceolate, not immersed in the slender
rachis, free, becoming rather spongy and laterally obcompressed. Stamens 1-2, the subulate-setaceous
filament exserted. Ovary free, ovoid, the ovule suspended from a short funiculus. Styles short, subex-
sert, united tothe middle. Fruit utricular, included in the calyx, compressed, the very thin membranous
pericarp wholly free, finally bursting tratisversely at base. Seed vertical, rounded and subcompressed,
with a brown membranous nearly smooth testa. Embryo semicircular, half surrounding on the upper
side the rather fleshy albumen; radicle inferior.—Saline herbs or shrubs, glabrous, with fleshy leaves and
branchlets, or leafless, jointed or jointless. LEDEBOUR, in I'l. Ross.
994. BOTANY.

nate, very short and scale-like, broad and amplexicaul at base, acute, often
nearly obsolete ; spikes numerous, alternate, sessile or sometimes peduncled,
cylindrical, 3-10” long, 1” or more in diameter; scales rhomboidal, obtuse,
free at the top and sides; flowers in threes, a little exserted; seed very
small, less than 3” in diameter—About Great Salt Lake and in alkaline val-
leys westward to the sinks of the Carson and Humboldt Rivers, where it
grows luxuriantly in large tracts that would be otherwise destitute of vege-
tation. It has been referred to Sadlicornia fruticosa, L., (Arthrocnemum,
Moquin, in part,) but is widely different. Nor does it accord with any of
the described species of Halostachys, though approaching H. Ritteriana,
Mogq., of Spain and Chili. Flowering in August; fruit still immature in
October. (995.)

SuzDA maritima, Dumort. Along the seacoast from Florida to New
England, and on alkaline plains from the Platte to Western Texas and west-
ward; California, (Douglas.) Frequent in the alkaline valleys of Nevada
and Utah, growing 1-2° high, erect and diffusely branched, glabrous or
sometimes purberulent, deep-green or the whole plant purple; cauline leaves
about 1’ long and less than 1” in diameter; seed 4” broad, shining, very
minutely punctate-striate near the margins; flowering in July, fruiting in
September. (996.)

Suzpa Depressa, Ledeb. (Salsola, Pursh, Fl. Am. 197. Chenopodina,
Moq., DC. Prodr, 18. °2. 164.) Annual, herbaceous, prostrate, very much
branched, glabrous, often reddish; stems (3-6” long) and branches usually
more or less flexuous; leaves mostly flatter and broader than in the last;
flowers and seed similar—A pparently distinct from S. maritima, but perhaps
identical with S. prostrata, Pall., which is the older name. Moquin’s de-
scription differs essentially from that of Pursh, though both were drawn
from Nuttall’s specimens. Reported from the Saskatchewan, Dakota, and
Colorado. Alkaline flat near the head of Humboldt Valley, Nevada. (997.)

Suapa Fruticosa, Forsk. DC. Prodr. 13. 2. 156. Var. (?) Stout
and shrubby at base, 2-3° high; stems suberect, branched, leafy, glabrous ;
cauline leaves 1-2’ long, 4-1” in thickness, narrowed at base, scattered or
rather crowded, those on the branchlets shorter, acute or obtuse; flowers
1-8 in the axils, fertile or staminate ; calyx-lobes nearly 1” long, obtuse and
somewhat hooded, narrowly scarious on the margins ; stamens exserted ;
seed black and shining—This is 522 Frémont from the Sweetwater in Cen-
CATALOGUE, 295

tral Wyoming, Stansbury’s plant from near Salt Lake, and 466 Torrey from
Nevada. Dr. Torrey has proposed for this the name of S. Moquini, (in Pac.
R. R. Rep. 7. 18., Bot. of Parke’s Exped.,) but it is not probable that Moquin
had this plant in view in his description of Chenopodina linearis. He seems
to have confounded the ordinary S. maritima of the Atlantic coast (Salsola
linearis, Ell.) with specimens of S. fruticosa from Cuba, drawing from the
latter the character ‘‘shrubby,” and led by the other to conjecture a near
identity with the herbaceous S. prostrata. The present plant is also proba-
bly the same as S. fruticosa, Var. (?) multiflora, Torr., (Pac. R.R. Rep. 4:
130,) found from Western Texas to Northern Arizona, and will with little
doubt prove to be but one of the many forms of the Old World species.
Collected near Humboldt Sink, Nevada, and on Stansbury Island in Salt
Lake; May and June, in flower. (998.)

ScHOBERIA’ OCCIDENTALIS. (Salsola?, n. sp., Torr., in Ms.) Stems 1°
high, branched; cauline leaves 6-12” long, 3” thick, nearly terete, acute ;
flowers mostly solitary in the axils; lobes of the 5-cleft calyx obtuse, be-
coming transversely winged upon the back, the wings short, obtuse, veinless
and partially united ; the winged fruit 1” in width, depressed; seed horizon-
tal, 3 wide, black and shining—With much the habit of small specimens of
Sueda maritima. The winged calyx would suggest an affinity to Salsola, but
the double integument of the seed and the flat spiral of the embryo refer it
rather to the present genus, which, as Ledebour remarks, is distinguished
from Sueda more by artificial than natural characters. Dry alkaline meadow
in Ruby Valley, Nevada; 6,000 feet altitude; September, in fruit. (999.)

SARCOBATUS® vERMICULATUS, Torr. (Lremontia vermicularis, Torr.

1SCHOBERIA, C. A. Meyer. Flowers perfect, axillary along the branches, sessile, solitary or
clustered, minutely bracted. Calyx rounded-urceolate, 5-cleft to the middle or subparted, the lobes fleshy,
in most of the flowers with hooded or long-beaked processes upon the keel or at the base, or trans-
versely compressed and winged. Stamens 5, on the receptacle, with linear filaments. Ovary adnate to
the calyx by a broad base. Style obsolete, the two stigmas short and subulate. Fruit utricular, in-
closed in the connivent calyx, the integument free, thin and fragile. Seed usually horizontal, lenticular,
smooth or minutely punctate, with a double testa and small albumen ; embryo spiral, flat, green, the
radicle exterior—Annual erect glabrous saline herbs, with alternate entire fleshy leaves. LeprBour,
in Fl. Rossica ; including Brezia and Calvelia of Moquin.

*?SARCOBATUS, Neus. Flowers unisexual, monecious and diccious. Staminate flowers in ter-
minalaments. Scales eccentrically peltate, stipitate, angular, cuspidate. Stamens 2-4 under each scale,
naked, sessile; anthers oblong. Pistillate flowers solitary, axillary. Calyx ovate, compressed, urceo-

_ late, contracted at the apex about the style and somewhat bifid, enlarged and thickened in fruit and de-
veloping below the middle a broad transverse undulate veined wing. Ovary sessile, very thin and mem-
branous, flattened, orbicular, mostly oblique, terminating laterally and abruptly in the slender included
persistent style ; stigmas exserted, thick, divaricate, often unequal; ovule on a short funiculus, campy-
296 BOTANY.

Frem. Rep. 95 and 317, ¢. 3.) Erect, 3-6° high, diffusely branched, more
or less spinose and the rigid divaricate or spreading branchlets spinescent
at the extremities; leaves 6-18” long and 1-2” wide, frequently much
smaller and fascicled on the branchlets, scurfy-puberulent when young, be-
coming glabrous; staminate aments 3-9” long, cylindrical or oblong, nearly
2" in diameter; anthers soon deciduous; winged calyx of the mature fruit
3-6” broad; seed 1” in diameter, with a thin membranous transparent
testa—From the Upper Platte and Missouri Rivers to New Mexico and the
Gila River, and west to California and Oregon. Frequent in the alkaline
valleys of Nevada and Utah, and sometimes found in the lower cafions of
the mountains; 4-6,000 feet altitude; flowering from May to July, in fruit
till October. 1,000.) |

AMARANTACEZ.

AMARANTUS PANICULATUS, L. Collected at Unionville, Nevada; doubt-
less introduced. (1,001.)

Amarantus RETROFLEXUS, J. Reported from ravines and about mar-
mot burrows in New Mexico. Found near roadsides, but far from culti-
vated fields, Malade Valley, Utah, and in cafions in the Wahsatch ; proba-
bly indigenous. (1,002.)

Amarantus ALBus, L. Reported from the Upper Missouri, Northern
Texas, and Menzies Island in the Columbia River. Truckee River bottom,
and roadsides in the low valleys of Nevada and Utah. Midvein of the leaf
terminating as usual ina short awn; erect, the lower branches ascending ;
$-2° high. (1,003.) With it was also found a wholly prostrate form, the
stems 1-2° long; leaves obovate or nearly orbicular. (1,004.)

Menerea* Catirornica, Mog. DC. Prodr. 13. 2. 270. Trect, 1-14°
high, loosely branched; leaves obovate or ovate, 5-12’ long, attenuate into
a petiole, very obtuse, mucronulate; clusters much shorter than the petioles,

 

lotropous. Seed vertical, with a double integument; embryo flat-spiral, green ; radicle inferior; albu-
— at the base, very small-or none.—A spinescent shrub of alkaline soils, with alternate linear fleshy
eaves.

Dr. Gray suggests that the wing of the fruit may be the developed margin of the calyx, (as it was
considered by Dr. Torrey,) and the superior portion an enlargement of a hypogynous disk. Dissection
_ favors this view of its structure, though differing from the analogies of the order.

1MENGEA, Scuaver. Flowers moneecious, 1-bracted. Calyx of a single lateral erect glabrous
sepal. Stamens 1-2, with capillary filaments and 2-celled oblong-ovate anthers. Ovary 1-celled, 1-+
ovuled. Style very short; stigmas 2-3, filiform, divaricate. Fruit utricular, subovate, without valves
naked. Seed vertical, flattened-reniform, with crustaceous testa. Embryo annular, purronndine the
mealy albumen ; radicle inferior.—Diffusely branched glabrous herbs ; leaves alternate; flowers in axil-

lary sessile clusters, the staminate terminal and subsolitary ; bracts scale-like, sli i i
- slightly ca *
ent. Moquay, in DC. Prodr. : Rapa ene nee
CATALOGUE. 297

rather dense, greenish ; bracts leafy, lanceolate, acute ; sepal narrow-lance-
olate, white-membranous ; utricle slightly rough, marked by three elevated
longitudinal lines, acutish, green or purplish; seed 4 long, compressed, ob-
scurely punctate, dark and shining —California, (1930 Hartweg:) Near Car-
son and Empire Cities, Nevada, (90 Anderson and 457 Torrey.)
NirRopHILa’ occIDENTALIs. (Banalia, Mog. DC. Prodr. 18. 2. 279.)
Glabrous; stems herbaceous from a perennial running root-stock, ascending
or decumbent, 3-8’ long, diffusely branched, angular, jointed; lowermost
leaves broadly ovate or oblong, amplexicaul, 2-3” long, the remainder linear,
6-12” long, semi-terete, acuminate-mucronate; bracts shorter but similar,
mostly twice longer than the flowers; flowers 1~3 in each axil, the lateral
ones frequently short-pedicelled, 2—3-bracted, the central one sessile and
often bractless ; sepals 1” long, white and petaloid, erect, exceeding the sta-
mens and style ; branches of the persistent style divergent ; utricle globose,
brown; seed 3” in diameter, black and shining, the margin obtuse—Col-
lected by Nuttall in Oregon, by Wilkes on the Lower Sacramento, by Cooper
in the Providence Mountains, Southern California, and by Stretch in South-
western Nevada. Near hot springs and in alkaline soils in the valleys of
Western Nevada; June, in flower; September, in fruit. (1,005.)
ALTERNANTHERA® Lanucinosa, Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 180. (A.
lanuginosa, Moq., DC. Prodr. 13. 2.359, in part.) Annual, prostrate, diffuse,
densely woolly when young with verticillate branched white hairs, becoming
nearly smooth ; stems 1° long, not jointed; leaves somewhat in threes, en-
tire, thick, obovate, rounded or rhomboidal, 3-10’ long, exceeding the peti-

1NITROPHILA. (Banalia § Idiopsis, Mog.) Flowers perfect, mostly 2-bracteate, 1-3 in each axil,
sessile or short-pedicelled. Sepals 5, (rarely 6 or 7,) distinct, oblong, carinate-concave, pointless, persist-
ent. Petals and staminodia none. Stamens as many as the sepals, united at base into a very short per-
igynous disk; anthers 2-celled, short-oblong, deeply cordate at base. Styles united to the middle.
Ovary l-ovuled. Utricle included within the connivent sepals, indehiscent, 1-seeded. Seed vertical,
pendulous from a slender erect funiculus, lenticular; testa crustaceous. Embryo annular, slender,
nearly surrounding the copious mealy albumen; radicle inferior.—A low perennial branching saline herb,
with fleshy opposite estipulate mostly semi-terete leaves, and axillary flowers. ; ;

The single species upon which this genus is founded was referred by Moquin doubtingly to his
Banalia, the two other species of which (from India and Brazil) are annuals with flat dilated alternate
leaves, the 3-bracted clustered flowers in panicles or spikes, the stamens united at base into a cup, the
stems jointless. It is much like a Scleranthus in habit, and seems to be most nearly allied to Polycnemum.

*ALTERNANTHERA, Mart. Flowers perfect or rarely dicecious, 3-bracted. Sepals 5. : Stamens
5, connate at base into a short cup; filaments filiform; the intermediate staminodia very minute and
usually entire; anthers 1-celled. Ovary 1-celled, 1-ovuled. Style short; stigma capitate or 2-lobed.
Utricle ovate. Seed vertical, sublenticular; the testa subcrustaceous. Embryo annular, peripherical ;
radicle superior.—Herbs or rarely shrubs, often jointed, usually finely villous; leaves opposite ; flow-
ers usually in terminal or axillary heads, at length deciduous. Two species occur in Florida.

38
298 BOTANY.

ole, very obtuse or sometimes acutish, mostly acute at base; flowers perfect,
mostly in pairs, axillary or terminal on short branches, sessile ; sepals nearly
1” long, rigid, lanceolate, obtusish, pubescent at the apex, four times longer
than the bracts; the united base of the stamens as long as the ovary ; stam-
inodia very small or wanting ; stigma capitate ; utricle twice longer than the
calyx, subcompressed, glabrous.—New Mexico, Arizona, Sonora; Southern
Utah, (Palmer, 1870.)

PARONYCHIE.

Paronycu1a putvinata, Gray. Proc. Acad. Phil, Mar. 1863, p. 58.
Matted-cespitose from a woody root, nearly glabrous; stipules silvery,
broadly ovate, entire, pointless; leaves thick, oblong, obtuse, ciliolate-scab-
yous upon the margin and somewhat minutely glandular-pubescent, equaling
the stipules and with them densely covering the short stems ; flower solitary,
terminal, sessile; sepals oval, broadly scarious, awned a little below the
somewhat arched apex.—Alpine, forming dense cushion-like tufts, occasion-
ally sending out short nearly naked pubescent stems ; stipules 2’ long, the
uppermost somewhat acute but blunt; leaves 24-3” long and 1” wide,
bright-green and nerveless; flowers immersed among the leaves; stamino-
dia 5, similar to the fertile filaments ; ovary glabrous, tapering into the rather
short style. Rocky Mountains of Colorado. Uinta Mountains, Utah, above
the head of Bear River; 12,000 feet altitude; August. (1,006.)

POLYGONACE.

Ertoconum® caspitosum, Nutt. 7. &G.,lc,p.157. (§ UMBenata.
See Appendix, under Eriogonee.) Matted-cespitose; leaves 3-6" long,
mostly rosulate on the prostrate branches of the caudex, spatulate, hoary-
tomentose on both sides, the margins more or less revolute; scape leafless,
1-3’ high; involucre solitary, naked, deeply 6-8-cleft, the lobes narrow,
spreading and at length reflexed; calyx 2-3” long, yellow or tinged with
purple, slightly silky-villous, shortly contracted at base, segments oval, the

We are indebted to Dr. Asa Gray for the determinations in the Suborder Eriogonew, as well as for
the specific descriptions, which are drawn from the recent “ Revision of the Eriogonex,” by Drs. Torrey
and Gray, in the Proceedings of the American Academy, Vol. VIII, pp. 145-200.

?HRIOGONUM, Micux. Involucre many-flowered, (seldom few-, very rarely 1-flowered,) cam-
panulate, top-shaped, or cylindric, usually 5-8-toothed or lobed, pointless. Flowers jointed upon their
pedicels, which are more or less exserted from the involucre in flower ; bractlets usually very delicate or
very narrow. Calyx 6-parted or deeply 6-cleft. Stamens 9, Achenium triangular, or in a few species
3-winged.—North American herbs or undershrubs, mostly west of the Mississippi. T. &G., lo
CATALOGUE. 299

inner and the filaments more or less villous at base; ovary sparingly hirsute
above-——From Washington Territory to south-eastern Wyoming. On the
Trinity Mountains and above Roberts Station, Nevada; 6,000 feet altitude ;
May-July. (1,007.)

Var. (E. Andinum, Nutt.) A reduced form with smaller bright-yellow
flowers and glabrous achenium. In the Virginia and Pah-Ute Mountains, and
Ruby Valley, Nevada; April-September. (1,008.)

ERIOGONUM SPHHROCEPHALUM, Dougl. T. & G., lc, p. 157. Hoary-
tomentose; stems ascending or erect, from a shrubby base, branching, leafy ;
leaves spatulate or narrow-oblong, narrowed at base, whorled and fascicled,
or few and alternate, upper surface at times glabrate ; peduncles short, usually
solitary, sometimes subumbeled or dichotomous; involucres naked, deeply
6-8-cleft, the lobes narrow, spreading, finally deflexed; calyx yellow, the
stipe-like base about equaling the pedicel, segments oblong-ovate or the inner
ones spatulate; filaments villous at base—Very variable. California to
Washington Territory and Montana. Form (5) of T. & G. is the only one col-
lected; leaves 6-9” long, hoary with a fine closely appressed tomentum ;
stems more simple and much less leafy ; calyx finely pubescent. Low (6-8’,)
with bright-yellow flowers; found growing in broad patches on the foot-hills
of Regan’s Valley, Nevada; 5,000 feet altitude; June. (1,009.)

ERIOGONUM HERACLEOIDES, Nutt. 7. & G,2c¢.,p.159. Rather slender,
woolly, tomentose or webbed; sterile branches decumbent, subczespitose,
fasciculate, leafy at top ; flowering branches or scape-like peduncles sometimes
naked, most usually with a whorl of leaves in the middle, with a simple or
compound umbel, for the most part involucrate-bracted; leaves spatulate-
oblong or oblanceolate, white-woolly beneath or on both sides; involucre
6~8-cleft, the lobes spreading and soon reflexed, with numerous flowers ;
segments of the pale-yellow very glabrous calyx scarcely longer than the very
slender stipe; filaments villous below; ovary more or less finely hirsute
toward the top, especially upon the angles; cotyledons orbicular, equaling
the incurved radicle—The typical form is 14-2° high; leaves becoming
glabrate above; umbel compound, many-rayéd; flowers pale, smaller than in
E. umbellatum, the stipe proportionally longer. Washington Territory to
Nevada. East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch, fre-
quent; 6-9,000 feet altitude; June-August. (1,010.)

Var. minus, Benth. Rather smaller, sometimes with leaves only sub-
300 BOTANY.

tending the umbel; passing into Var. aNcustiFroLium, T. & G., with sub-
linear leaves and a simple or compound umbel. Hast Humboldt Mountains,
Nevada; 7-10,000 feet altitude; July, August. (1,011.)

ERIOGONUM UMBELLATUM, Torr. 7.6 G., 2. ¢., p. 160. A span to a foot
high, woolly, tomentose or webby; sterile branches decumbent or creeping,
often stolon-like, loosely ceespitose, fasciculate-leafy at top; leaves obovate-
spatulate and oval, narrowing to a petiole, white-woolly beneath ; peduncles
scapelike, leafless excepting the involucre of bract-like leaves subtending the
simple or rarely subcompound umbel; involucre deeply 6—8-cleft, many-
flowered ; calyx very glabrous, yellow or sometimes white, the segments 2—3-
times longer than the slender stipe; filaments and ovary as in the last;
cotyledons nearly orbicular, a little shorter than the scarcely incurved
radicle-—Nebraska to Northern Texas and west to Oregon and California.
Frequent in the mountains throughout Nevada and Utah; 6—-10,000 feet
altitude; June—September. (1,012.) A form is not rare with green and
glabrate or almost glabrous leaves and peduncles. East and West Humboldt
Mountains, Nevada; 7—9,000 feet altitude. (1,013.)

Var. MonocerHaLum, T. & G. Dwarf, depressed, caspitose; leaves
glabrate above or on both sides, the blade 4-4’ long ; scape 4-3’ high, slender,
bearing 2-4 capitate involucres with usually 1-3 bracts, or a single larger
one, usually naked; flowers smaller—Oregon and California. On peaks of
the East Humboldt and Clover Mountains, Nevada, and in the Uintas;
9-11,000 feet altitude; August, September. (1,014.)

Ertoconum (Psrupo-umBeLxiata) Lossu, T. & G.; 2. c., p. 162. Peren-
nial, low, ceespitose, hoary at first with a very soft webby tomentum; leaves
crowded upon the thick caudex, subrounded, 1-2’ long, contracted abruptly
into a usually longer petiole, rather thick, sometimes glabrate above; scape
a span high, with rarely a single leaf below; umbel subcompound, dense,
stipitate, the verticillate leafy bracts obovate or lanceolate; involucres cam-
panulate, 2’ long, 5-7-cleft; flower with a very short abruptly contracted base;
calyx 3” long, very glabrous, 6-parted, white or dull-yellow, the segments
ovate, nearly equal; filaments villous below; ovary very glabrous; radicle
subinflexed, a little exceeding the rounded-obovate eccentric cotyledons.—
In the Sierras ; 8-11,000 feet altitude ; near Virginia City, Nevada, (Stretch;)
6,500 feet altitude.

Ertogonum (Lacuyogyna) acautz, Nutt. 7 & G, lc, p. 163.
CATALOGUE. 301

Perennial, matted-caespitose, white-tomentose ; leaves sessile, densely crowded
upon the closely branched caudex, oblong or sublinear, margins revolute;
head of 1-5 nearly sessile short 3-5-toothed involucres, sessile among the
uppermost leaves, sometimes shortly exsert-pedunculate in fruit; flower with
a broad sessile base, the calyx hardly 2” long, tomentose, 6-parted, with
equal oblong segments ; filaments pilose only at base; ovary very tomentose
with long tangled wool—Leaves 2-3” long, spreading from the imbricated
sheathing base. Discovered by Nuttall in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado.
Sandy foot-hills near head of Holmes Creek, Northeastern Nevada; 6,000
feet altitude ; September. (1,015.)

Erioconum (HETEROSEPALA) OVALIFoLIUM, Nutt. 7.6 G., lc. p. 164.
Perennial, czspitose, acaulescent, hoary-woolly; leaves oval or somewhat
rounded, petioled, crowded upon the numerous short branches of the caudex;
scape 3-9’ high, simple, leafless, with a single head (very rarely 2) of few
(3-8) closely sessile 5—8-toothed involucres; bracts very small or wanting;
calyx with the base not produced, very glabrous, 6-parted, more or less yellow
or rose-colored, wholly petaloid, becoming thin and scarious after flowering;
segments very unequal, the outer very broadly oval, cordate at base with
usually a rather deep sinus, the lobes reaching to the joint or beyond it, the
inner narrow, spatulate, emarginate, connivent-erect and involute, each bear-
ing 8 stamens at the claw-like base; ovary glabrous; embryo incurved, the
ascending radicle much exceeding the orbicular accumbent cotyledons.—
From Colorado to the borders of California; Southern Utah, (Palmer.) The
present specimens have the flowers dull-white, usually veined with purple
and somewhat tinged with yellow. Frequent on the foot-hills from the
Washoe Mountains, Nevada, to the Wahsatch; 5-6,000 feet altitude; May,
June. (1,016.) Also collected in a reduced form on the East Humboldt
Mountains, Nevada, at a height of 10,000 feet; July, August. (1,017.)

Var. Leaves oblong, long-petioled; flowers bright-yellow.—East foot-
hills of the Pah-Ute Range, Nevada; June. (1,018.)

Var. renutus, Benth. A slender form with smaller flowers. Dry foot-
hills, head of Holmes Creek, Nevada; September. (1,019.)

Erroconum (Carrrata) Kinen, T. & G.; 2c, p. 165. Perennial, low,
ceespitose-acaulescent, white-woolly ; leaves crowded upon the many-branched
caudex, spatulate, obovate, sometimes rounded, (blade 3-5” long,) long- or
short-petioled; scape slender, with a single usually naked globose head ;
302 BOTANY.

involucres sessile, 6-9, turbinate-campanulate, rather deeply 6-7-toothed,
thinly membranous; bractlets slightly bearded; flowers with a broad or
rather shortly narrowed base, not produced; calyx 12” long, glabrous, dull-
yellow or rose-purple, the nearly equal segments obovate-subcuneate, emar-
ginate ; filaments nearly glabrous; embryo as in the last—Peaks and high
divides of the East and West Humboldt and Clover Mountains, Nevada ;
8-11,000 feet altitude; July-September. (1,020.)

Var. Laxirotium, T.&G. Taller, scape 4’ high, branches of the caudex
more slender; leaves fewer, sublanceolate, acute, sometimes 1’ long, on
slender petioles; flowers golden-yellow.—A strongly marked form, found on
a rocky ridge of Stansbury Island, and in the Wahsatch, above Parley’s Park;
5—9,000 feet altitude; June, July. (1,021.)

Errogonum (CAPITELLATA) ELATUM, Dougl. T. & G., 1c, p. 168.
Perennial; leaves all radical, very softly villous-pubescent or almost velvety
beneath, ovate-oblong or sublanceolate, narrowed into a petiole, rarely sub-
cordate or subhastate at base, margins usually undulate; scapes 1-3° high,
naked, rigid, rush-like, sometimes inflated; involucres glabrate or glabrous,
few, cylindric or turbinate-campanulate, repandly 5-toothed, many-flowered,
gathered in heads or clusters upon a rigid panicle, sometimes only in pairs or
solitary in the forks and on rather longer pedicels; bractlets plumose; base
of the flower not produced; calyx white or rose-colored, 6-parted, a little
hairy at base, the segments ovate-oblong, nearly equal; ovary glabrous;
embryo incurved ; cotyledons broad and short——From Washington Territory
to California and Nevada. On the Virginia and West Humboldt Mountains,
Nevada; 7,000 feet altitude; August, September. (1,022.)

Erioconum (Fascicunata) Frascicutatum, Benth. 7. & G.,l.c., p.169.
Shrubby, glabrous or subtomentose, the branches with numerous fascicled
leaves; leaves small, oblong-linear or linear-spatulate, margins very revolute,
the larger ones attenuate to a short petiole; involucres many-flowered,
crowded in capitate usually 3-6-rayed cymes terminating the naked slender
peduncles, truncate, subdentate, the teeth at first membranously united ;
calyx not produced at base, white or pinkish, the obovate-oblong segments
nearly equal; bractlets plumose; ovary glabrous; radicle accumbent-incurved
upon the rounded half-shorter cotyledons.—Southern California. Var. PoLi-
FoLium, Gray. Hoary throughout with a fine pubescence, the leaves some-
times glabrate above; peduncles usually longer, 3-5’; involucre-teeth not
CATALOGUE. 303

projecting beyond the: scarious sinuses; calyx pubescent.—Southern California
and Arizona; Southern Utah, (Palmer.)

Eriogonum corymBosum, Benth. T. & G., Zc. p.170. (§ Corymposa.
See Appendix, under Eviogonee.) Shrubby, 13-2° high, floccose-woolly,
the stout woody branches erect or assurgent, leafy to the top, terminated by
a broad full-flowered cyme upon a short or rather long peduncle; leaves
oblong, subundulate, 8-18” long ; flowers white, 14” long, usually rather thick
at base after flowering, glabrous within, segments obovate, inner ones at least
emarginate or retuse; ovary often scabrous above upon the angles. Utah
(Frémont and Gunnison) and New Mexico.

ERIOGONUM MICROTHECUM, Nutt. T. & G., 1c. p.170. Shrubby, rather
low, (rarely 1° high,) very much branched from the base; tomentum floccose,
sometimes rather thin; branches as in the last, but the cyme either crowded
or effuse; leaves narrowly oblong and linear; flowers white or rose-colored,
rarely dull-yellow, seldom over 1” in length, usually rather thick at base after
flowering, glabrous within, the segments and ovary as in the last.—In various
forms from Nebraska to New Mexico and west to Northern California and
Washington Territory. The typical form is low, with linear or linear-oblong,
(occasionally oblong,) nearly flat leaves, and open corymbose cymes on rather
long peduncles; involucres 1-14” long; uniformly rather slender and graceful
in habit. Frequent in the mountains from the Sierras to the Wahsatch, espe-
cially in Nevada, with the blade of the leaves 6-12” long and 2-3” wide,
peduncles 2—4’ long, and elongated leafy stems; 5-9,000 feet altitude; July-
September. (1,023.)

A dwarf alpine form with the leafy stems but 1’ long, peduncles 4-2’
in length and small whitish or deep rose-colored cymes, was found on the
East Humboldt Mountains, at 10,000 feet altitude; August. (1,024.)

Rather imperfect specimens were collected at the base of the Pah-Ute
range, Nevada, at an unusually low elevation, more densely tomentose, the
stems and peduncles rather stout and strict and the branchlets of the loose
spreading cyme short and stiff; flowers pale-yellow, few in the involu-
eres. (1,025.)

Specimens from the Wahsatch at 6,000 feet altitude, with very short
(2) leafy stems and slender almost scapelike peduncles, (4’ long,) bright-
yellow flowers and rather oblong leaves, are intermediate between the typical
form and the following variety. (1,026.)
304 BOTANY.

Var. Fenpuerianum, Benth. Larger; leaves broad, 1-13’ long and
4-5" wide; involucres 2” long in a broad loose cyme.——Collected in New
Mexico by Fendler. Nevada specimens, from Bloomer and Torrey, connect
with the following form.

Var. CONFERTIFLORUM, T. & G. Shrubby (1° high) and leafy; leaves
narrowly oblong; flowers crowded in the usually contracted cymes.—From
Utah (Stansbury) to Oregon and Northern California.

Var. LEPTOPHYLLUM, T. & G. Leafy; leaves narrowly linear with the
margins strongly revolute, glabrate; cyme short, usually full-flowered and
crowded.—Utah (Gunnison) and New Mexico.

Var. LEPTocLapon, T. & G. More slender; leaves linear; cyme loosely
panicled; involucres sometimes unilateral from the abortion of the second
branchlet.—Green River, Utah, (Gunnison.)

ERIOGONUM BREVICAULE, Nutt. 7. & G., Zc. p.172. Czespitose-shrubby,
the woody leafy branches very short or depressed, bearing a naked elongated
herbaceous scapelike peduncle; leaves 1~24’ long and 1-5” broad, linear,
oblong-linear or narrowly spatulate-oblanceolate, attenuate into a slender peti-
ole, white-woolly on both sides or becoming glabrous above, the margins at
length mostly revolute; scapes rigid, 3-10’ high, the cyme repeatedly um-
beled or trichotomous, calyculately bracted at the nodes; peduncles and the
5-toothed oblong or cyathiform-campanulate involucres (13—-2” long) glabrous
or soon glabrate; calyx glabrous within, white or rose-color or sometimes
bright yellow, the segments obovate-oblong and nearly equal; ovary as in the
preceding—Cyme ample, either fastigiate or very open, the bracts short,
connate, and white-woolly within. Approaching some forms of the last.
From the head-waters of the Platte to New Mexico, Utah and Montana;
Southern Utah, (Palmer.) Only in the Wahsatch ; 5-7,000 feet altitude ;
June, July. Flowers mostly bright yellow; the leafy stems only 1-3’ but
the slender peduncles 6-12’ long; the branching woody caudex often very
stout. (1,027.)

ERrogonum RACEMOSUM, Nutt. 7.6 G, dc, p.175. (§ Vireata. See
Appendix, under Eriogonee.) Perennial, floccose-woolly ; scapes solitary or
few from the summit of the subterranean caudex, stout, 1-3° high, naked or
leafy-bracted at the lower nodes; leaves 1-3/ long, on long (3-4’) petioles,
ovate or oblong, sometimes subcordate, white-woolly beneath; involucres
tubular-campanulate, obtusely 5-toothed, many-flowered, numerous, appressed
CATALOGUE. 305

and strictly spicate along the few rigid subsimple branches; calyx rather
large, (2” long,) pinkish or white, acute at base, very glabrous, with similar
obovate segments; ovary glabrous or rough above; cotyledons orbicular, very
eccentric, rather shorter than the incurved radicle—Northern New Mexico
and Utah. Foot-hills of the Wahsatch; 5—6,000 feet altitude; July. (1,028.)

Ertoconum Wricutu, Torr. TJ. & G., 2c. p. 176. Perennial, caules-
cent (1-2° high) from a woody base, branched; branches leafy below; leaves
4-1' long, oblong-ovate or sublanceolate, narrowed at base, white-woolly both
sides or only beneath, smaller and often fascicled in the axils; panicle dicho-
tomously branched ; involucres 1-14” long, with small bracts, rather loosely
spicate along the somewhat rigid branches, 5—6-toothed, many-flowered ;
calyx white or pinkish, very glabrous, acute at base, segments broad-obovate
or the outer ones suborbicular; ovary scabrous above, especially on the an-
gles—A polymorphous species, extending from Southwestern Texas to Ari-
zona, Western Nevada and California. The Nevada specimens (collected by
Anderson and others) belong to a depauperate form with very short leafy
branches and more scapelike peduncles.

Eriogonum vimineum, Dougl. 7.8 G., lc, p. 177. Annual, low,
(4-12’,) sparingly tomentose above or glabrous; leaves radical, rounded, white-
woolly beneath, webby above; involucres narrowly tubular, not over 2” long,
very shortly 5-toothed, few-flowered, glabrous, appressed, scattered along the
very slender glabrous branches of the loose and spreading decompound pani-
cle; bractlets small, appressed, scarcely barbellate; calyx very glabrous,
white or pinkish, shorter than the involucres even in fruit, outer segments
broadly obovate, the inner narrower.—Washington Territory to California
and Nevada. Virginia Mountains, Nevada; 6,000 feet altitude; August.
Leaves 6—8” in diameter, on 3-1’ petioles. (1,029.)

Exiogonum eracice, Benth. 7. & G., lc, p. 178. Annual, usually
very much branched; leaves radical or sometimes more or less cauline, ovate
or oblong, white-woolly beneath and floccose above, as also usually the
branches and involucres; involucres few- or somewhat many-flowered,
5-toothed, about 1” long, scattered on the slender branches of the spreading
panicle, appressed; bractlets short, finely subglandular-barbellate ; calyx
glabrous, white or rose-colored, shorter than the involucre after flowering,

outer segments obovate, the inner narrower. Var. errusum, T.&G. Pani-
39
306 BOTANY.

cle decompound, very open, 4-12’ high ; involucres usually glabrate; leaves
all radical.—Involucres and flowers rather large for the species. Southern
California and.Nevada. Pah-Ute and East Humboldt Mountains ; 5-6,000
{eet altitude; July-September. (1,030.) Specimens from Truckee Desert
are taller (18’) and branched from the base, but with very small flowers, the
involucre but #” long, and the yellow calyx even smaller, the mature ache-
nium exceeding the flower, the long beak minutely scabrous as in the ordinary
form. (1,081.)

Erioconum Hzrrmannt, Dur. & Hilg. T..& G., Le, p. 179. Annual,
very glabrous or perhaps glabrate, dichotomously very much branched ; inyo-
lucres few along the short divaricate branchlets, short-campanulate, 1” long
and as wide, several-flowered, 2-3 times longer than the ovate-subulate
bracts, teeth 4-5, broad, rounded; bractlets chaffy, glandular-ciliate, the
outer linear, the innermost filiform; calyx glabrous, 2” long in fruit, outer
segments rounded, much larger than the oblong-spatulate inner ones; beak
of the achenium minutely scabrous.—California, (Heerman;) sterile plains ot
Western Nevada, (Torrey ;) Southern Utah, (Palmer.) The latter specimens
are 6’ high, the branchlets rather stout and rigid, woolly tomentose ; lobes
of the involucre also pubescent; calyx white, very small.

Errogonum Prumatewia, Dur. & Hilg. 7.6 G,2¢, p.179. Annual,
floccose-woolly, low, (3-8’;) leaves radical, orbicular, long-petioled, white-
woolly beneath; branches of the decompound panicle rather rigid, many-
flowered, either straight or twisted, at length becoming entangled ; involucres
very small, shorter than the flowers, campanulate, few-flowered, not exceed-
ing the bracts, appressed, scattered on the naked branchlets; bractlets fili-
form, scarcely barbellate ; calyx white, rose-purple or yellowish, glabrous, 1”
long, the similar segments (the inner ones slightly narrower, scarcely longer, )
obovate-cuneiform and broadly retuse, quasi-pandurate from the incurving of
the margins at the middle; achenium minutely scabrous above; embryo much
incurved, the cotyledons accumbent.—Southern California, (Heermann ;)
Western Nevada. Carson Desert, West Humboldt Mountains, and Monitor
Valley ; 4-5,000 feet altitude; June-September. (1,032.)

ExioconuM DEFLEXuM, Torr. T.G., 2c, p.181. (§ Pepuncunata.
See Appendix, under Eriogonee.) Annual, rather stout, 1-2° high; leaves
1~2' in diameter, radical, rounded, subcordate, floccose-woolly, long-petioled ;
branches of the glabrous effuse many-flowered panicle rigid, rushlike, usually
PLATE XXX

 

5-? OXYTHECA WATSON!

1-4. BRIOGONUM NUTANS
CATALOGUE, 307

divaricate ; pedicels rigid, sometimes racemose-secund, soon deflexed, very
short; involucre short-campanulate or hemispherical, about 1 long, exceed-
ing the pedicels, many-flowered ; bractlets bearded-ciliate, the outer broad-
linear, the inner filiform-spatulate; calyx white or yellow, glabrous, very
obtuse at base, the outer segments orbicular, cordate at base, the inner
obovate, retuse, many times smaller; beak of the achenium more or
less scabrous.—With much the habit of the Virgata section, which it ap
proaches. Southeastern California, Southern Arizona, and Southern Utah,
(Palmer, 1870.) Virginia Mountains, Western Nevada, and in the Wah-
satch at the mouth of American Fork Cafion; 5-6,000 feet altitude ;
August. (1,033.)

Ertoconum nutans, T. & G.; dc, p.181. Annual, low (2-4’) and
somewhat slender; leaves all radical, 3’ in diameter, round, floccose-woolly,
on long or short petioles; panicle loose and spreading, rather simple, glab-
rous ; pedicels nodding, 2-3” long, very minutely viscous-glandular as well as
the broadly campanulate rather few-flowered (1’ long) involucre ; bractlets
filiform, very thickly glandular; calyx bright rose-color, becoming 1-2” long,
very obtuse at base, outer segments broad-oval, emarginate and almost ob-
cordate, the inner not half as large and a little shorter, oblong, retuse, at
length folded; beak of the achenium more or less scabrous.—Mud Lake
Valley, 20 miles north of Pyramid Lake, (Beckwith.) Unionville Valley
and foot-hills of the Pah-Ute range, Nevada; 5,000 feet altitude; June.
Puate XXXII. Fig. 1. A plant; natural size. Fig. 2. A node, with bracts,
involucre and flowers. Fig. 3. A flower, expanded. Fig. 4. The nearly ma-
ture achenium; all enlarged four diameters. (1,034.)

Erioconum Wartsonu, T. & G.; Zc. p. 182. Annual, slender, 6-12’
high; leaves as in the last, usually subcordate ; panicle glabrous, decompound,
very spreading and open, loosely many-flowered ; pedicels glandless, spread-
ing or deflexed, 2-3 times or sometimes but little longer than the narrow- or
clavate-campanulate scarcely many-flowered smooth (1’ long) involucre ;
bractlets setaceous, sparingly glandular-barbellate ; calyx very glabrous, white
or pinkish, obtuse at base, the segments similar, oval, a little retuse, the inner
ones slightly smaller ; beak of the achenium more or less scabrous.—The very
effuse panicle is broader than its height, the pedicels sometimes very mi-
nutely and obscurely glandular, the calyx 1” long, narrower than in the last
but less so at base than the following. First found by Dr. Torrey in the West
308 BOTANY,

Humboldt Mountains, Nevada. Collected in Star Cafion of the same range ;
5,000 feet altitude; September. (1,035.)

Erioconum cernuum, Nutt. 7. & G, 1c, p. 182. Annual, slender,
4-12’ high; leaves radical or sometimes cauline, round or obovate, somewhat
long-petioled, floccose-woolly ; panicle glabrous, widely spreading, decom-
pound, usually very many-flowered; pedicels soon deflexed, smooth, 2-3
times longer than the campanulate glabrous many-flowered involucre; bract-
lets setaceous, short, subnaked; calyx white or pinkish, glabrous, 6-cleft,
turbinate and acute at base, the outer segments square, emarginate or retuse,
scarcely exceeding the oblong half-as-wide inner ones.—Involucres not over
1” long; flowers scarcely as long and often much shorter, and well-marked
by the top-shaped base. Western Texas to Arizona and north to Wyoming
and Idaho. Var. TENuUE, T. & G. Panicle more slender, and with less nu-
merous flowers; pedicels capillary, elongated, 3-12” long; involucre smaller
or more slender, few-flowered—Ruby Valley and Humboldt Pass, Nevada,
on the foot-hills of the Wahsatch and in Bear River Valley, near Evanston,
Utah; 5-6,000 feet altitude; July-September. (1,036.)

Ertoconum pusitium, T.& G.; 2c. p.184. Annual, often small, 2-10’
high; leaves radical, 2-12” in diameter, round and obovate, usually narrowed
into a petiole 3~13’ long, the larger often subcordate at base, white-woolly
beneath, floceose above; bracts rather small, in fours at the nodes and base
of the loose somewhat simple or effusely branched panicle, glandular and
woolly within; pedicels very slender and elongated, in the forks 3-1’ long,
not deflexed; involucre nearly hemispherical, coarsely 5—6-toothed, 10-15-
flowered, minutely glandular, less than 1” long; bractlets obovate and spatu-
late, loosely webby-woolly below; calyx yellow, sometimes tinged with purple,
becoming nearly 1” long, slightly glandular-puberulent, very obtuse at base,
deeply 5-parted, the segments nearly similar, the outer oval-obovate, a little
larger than the oblong inner ones.—Foot-hills of the Trinity Mountains, Ne-
vada; 5,000 feet altitude; May. (1,037.)

The original description, here slightly modified, was founded on a dwarf
precocious form. Better developed specimens (ticketed by Dr. Gray E.
reniforme) have larger subcordate leaves and a more branched panicle. The
very nearly allied E. reniforme, Torr. collected by Frémont on the Sacra-
mento, and by Cooper and Palmer in Western Arizona, first described in
Frémont’s report, has the leaves densely and very softly woolly on both sides
CATALOGUE. 309

and somewhat reniform, the involucres not glandular, and the white or
pinkish calyx glabrous. Specimens collected in Arizona by Dr. Palmer in
1870 are 1° high, very slender and delicate; the glabrous ovate achenium
exceeding the calyx.

Eriogonum tTricHopopum, Torr. T. & G., 1c. p. 185. Leaves finely
pubescent or glabrous above, oval or rounded, sometimes subcordate, long-
petioled ; scape short, sometimes very short, rather rigid, often fistulous and
occasionally inflated; panicle divaricately much-branched, the branches elon-
gated; bracts not woolly; pedicels capillary, divaricate and mostly secund
along the ultimate branchlets; involucre 4” long or usually less, glabrous,
very few-flowered, 4—5-cleft; calyx yellow, densely pubescent, about twice
longer than the involucre, the segments similar and nearly equal.—1-2° high ;
much resembling the next, but (as shown by Palmer’s specimens) with more
numerous and slender branches, the scapes and internodes shorter and less
frequently inflated, the branches more simple and pedicels secund, the
involucres fewer-flowered and the calyx and achenium smaller; the whole
plant of a decided yellow hue. Western Texas to Southern California and
collected by Dr. Palmer in Southern Utah.

Ertogonum inFLatum, Torr. T. & G., 7c. p.185. Annual, 13-2° high;
leaves radical, hirsutely or velvety-pubescent, sometimes glabrate, orbicular
or rounded-cordate on elongated petioles; scape elongated, fusiform-inflated
above ; panicle effusely very much branched, (usually compoundly umbellate
below, the primary rays sometimes inflated, ) the branches rather rigid, naked
and elongated between the joints; bracts ciliate, not woolly; pedicels
capillary, divaricate, very glabrous, 4-1’ or more long, not deflexed ; involucre
about 3” long, smooth, 4~5-cleft, few-flowered, the segments similar and
subequal; calyx yellowish, densely hirsute, obtuse at base, segments ovate,
subequal, becoming 1” long —California, Arizona, and Nevada. Foot-hills of
the Trinity Mountains near the foot of Humboldt Lake; 4—4,500 feet alti-
tude; May—August. As in other species, the younger specimens may be
very much reduced, sometimes but 3-4’ high, with the panicle very simple,
the scapes slender and not at all inflated and the leaves only 3-4” in diame-
ter. (1,038.)

Er1oconum (PsEuDO-STIPULATA) ANGULOSUM, Benth. T. § G., l.¢., p.178.
Annual, floccose-woolly, at length glabrate, 4-12’ high; stems erect, leafy,
branching into a repeatedly di-trichotomous panicle; branches acutely
310 BOTANY.

4-6-angled; radical leaves spatulate or rounded, the true cauline ones small,
resembling dark-scarious stipules, the axillary leaves in pairs or fascicled,
oblong-linear and lanceolate; pedicels filiform, 4-1’ long, widely spreading,
involucres short-campanulate or hemispherical, minutely glandular or almost
smooth, solitary, many-flowered, 5-toothed, (the teeth broad and short,)
becoming dilated in fruit, but scarcely equaling the included bracts, which
are thin, broadly spatulate, and woolly below; proper bractlets minute and
capillary, villous-plumose, often wanting ; flowers very obtuse at base, minutely
glandular, scarcely 1” long, on short pedicels not exceeding the bracts, rose-
colored or white, deeply 5-parted, the outer segments ovate, concave, the
inner at length longer, lanceolate-oblong; ovary glabrous ; achenium sharply
triangular.—California and Nevada; Southern Utah, (Palmer.) Rather fre-
quent in the dry valleys and lower cations of Western Nevada, as far east as
Monitor Valley, and also found on Stansbury Island ; 4—5,000 feet altitude ;
May-September. (1,039.) .

E. divaricatum, and E. salsuginosum, Hook., reported as collected by
Geyer and Nuttall, in “‘ Utah,” on the Upper Colorado, were probably found
on the upper branches of Green River in Wyoming Territory.

Eriogonum (Fouiosa) spercuuinum, Gray. T. & G, 2 ¢, p. 189.
Annual, hirsute at base, very slender, with elongated internodes, leafy ;
leaves hirsute and glandular, green on both sides, the cauline opposite or
verticillate (the lowest only alternate) and fascicled in the axils, narrowly
linear, the margins sometimes revolute; panicle loose and spreading, with
smooth very slender capillary pedicels rarely 1/ long; involucres glabrous,
very small, 4” long, 4-cleft, 1-flowered with the rudiment of a second;
bractlets none; calyx white, 1-14” long, with a slightly pilose very short
base, petaloid, the segments equal, cuneate-oblong, the outer obtuse or
retuse, the inner truncate at the apex and more or less erose-tridentate ;
ovary glabrous; achenium lenticular.-—California, Western Nevada, (Ander-
son; Bloomer.)

OxyTHECA’ DENDROIDEA, Nutt. 7. & G, 2c, p.190. Branches very
numerous in a loose and spreading cyme; leaves only mucronate, the radical
ones lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, slightly hirsute, the cauline leaves

}OXYTHECA, Nurr. Involucre few-flowered, cup-shaped, 4-cleft, the lobes terminated by slender
awns. Flowers, bractlets, etc., as in Zriogonum. Achenium lenticular. Radicle long, accumbent to the
orbicular cotyledons.—Divaricately many-branched annuals, loosely flowered, the slender branches
sprinkled here and there with small pedicellate glands. T, & G., lc
CATALOGUE. 311

gradually reduced in size, sometimes subconnate at base ; involucre pedicelled,
the awns often unequal; pedicels naked, at least the lower alar ones very
slender. Var. (O. foliosa, Nutt.) A large stout and leafy form, 6’-1° high,
rather sparingly branched, the conspicuous cauline leaves broad and connate
at base ; involucres about 1” long, exceeding the awns ; calyx white or pinkish,
the outer segments pubescent, broad-oblong, obtuse, the inner more delicate,
narrower and a little shorter; ovary glabrous, as in other species.—Southern
Idaho, (Nuttall ;) near Empire City, Nevada, (Dr. Torrey.) Monitor Valley,
Nevada; 5,000 feet altitude; July. (1,040.)

Var. Very slender; branches very numerous and many-flowered; upper
leaves small and inconspicuous ; involucres very small, 4” long or less, shorter
than the awns; inner segments of the calyx emarginate——Resembling the
Chilian form. Pah-Ute Mountains and Monitor Valley, Nevada; 5,000 feet
altitude; July-September. (1,041.)

Oxytueca Wartsoni, T. & G.; Zc, p. 191. Effusely much branched,
4-10' high; radical leaves 2-12’ long, oblong-spatulate, scarcely mucronate,
pubescent; bracts ovate or ovate-lanceolate, mucronate with a long awn,
usually connate but only at the base and mostly on one side, (where there is
often an accessory awned lobe,) diminishing upward, rigid and usually de-
curved, the uppermost reduced ones and the lobes of the involucre half shorter
than their rigid awns, (#-2” long;) involucres about 3-flowered, subsessile
in the axils, or terminating short bibracteolate pedicels—The glandular
pubescence is more dense above the nodes and sometimes stellate. Monitor
Valley, Nevada; 5,500 feet altitude; July. Puate XXXIII. Fig. 5. A
small plant; natural size. Fig. 6. A node with bracts, involucre and flower;
enlarged four diameters. Fig. 7. A flower, expanded; enlarged eight diame-
ters. (1,042.)

OxyrHeca perRFotiatTa, T. & G; 2 ¢, p. 191. Closely resembling
Chorizanthe perfoliata, low (3-6',) divaricately branched, glandular-pubescent
on the lower half of the internodes; leaves scabrous, becoming glaucous,
red and chartaceous in older specimens, the radical ones spatulate, ciliate, the
cauline or bracts 4-1’ in diameter, scarcely diminishing upward, (half the
length of the internodes,) centrally perfoliate, excepting the lowest whorl of
3-4 small leaves, which are connate only at base, disk-shaped, subtriangular-
orbicular, reticulately veined, 3-awned ; involucres sessile in the axils, solitary,
the lobes 14” long, subulate-lanceolate, equaling their awns, with 4~6 con-
312 BOTANY.

spicuously pedicellate flowers; calyx pubescent, the segments narrowly
oblong, acute, nearly equal; achenium turgidly ovate-lenticular, pointed. —
First collected by Frémont in Nevada; rather frequent in the Truckee,
Humboldt and Unionville Valleys,.at the base of the foot-hills; 4,500 feet
altitude. May-July. Prarze XXXIV. Fig. 1. A plant; natural size.
Fig. 2. A node, bracts, involucre and flowers ; enlarged three diameters.
Fig. 3. A flower, expanded ; enlarged eight diameters. (1,043.)

CHoRIANTHE! BREvICcoRNU, Torr. T. & G., 2 ¢, p. 196. Annual,
grayish-puberulent, about 4’ high; leaves mostly radical, linear or spatulate-
obovate, entire; bracts rather small, uncinate-mucronate; involucres for the
most part scattered along the somewhat scattered branches of the panicle,
narrow-prismatic, 6-costate, the stout ribs excurrent into subulate recurved
awns terminating the herbaceous nearly equal teeth, which are 3-5 times
shorter than the tube (2-3” long, and scarcely 2” broad ;) lobes of the calyx
entire; stamens 8, inserted near the base-——Southeastern California and
Western Arizona. Base of foot-hills near the Big Bend of the Truckee ; May,
not yet in flower. (1,044.)

CuorwanTHE ricipa, Torr, 7. & G., 2c, p.198. Annual, at first
woolly; stem 4-1’ high, slightly branched, finally more dense and woody ;
leaves ovate or obovate, 4—8” long, entire, obtuse or acutish, pointless, long-
petioled, white-tomentose beneath; involucres coriaceous, triangular, 6-costate,
3-cleft, sessile in the axils, solitary or crowded; lobes not margined, unequal,
ovate or triangular-lanceolate, terminated by a straight spiny cusp, longer
than the transversly veined short-campanulate tube; subtending bracts elon-
gated and awn-shaped or lanceolate, spinescent-cuspidate, at length indurated ;
flowers pedicelled, with slender bractlets ; tube of the 6-lobed calyx cylindric,
obtuse at base; stamens 9, inserted on the throat, with short filaments and
anthers.—Bracteal spines becoming 2’ or more long, and the older involucres
scarious between the reticulations; calyx yellowish; cotyledons rounded,
accumbent on the base of the slender curved radicle. Southeastern Cali-

 

1CHORIZANTHE, R. Brown. (Including Mucronea, Benth. and Acanthogonum, Torr.) Involucre
1-flowered, gamophyllous, not appendaged at base, the tube usually angled or costate, the 2-6 teeth or
lobes usually unequal and almost always terminated by a cusp or awn. Flower included or slightly ex-
serted, subsessile or shortly pedicelled. Perigonium thin or petaloid, 6-lobed or parted. Stamens 9,
rarely 3 or 6. Achenium triangular. Embryo as in Eriogonum, sometimes straight with rather narrow
cotyledons, sometimes incurved-eccentric, or with broad cotyledons more or less accumbent to the radi-

cle.—Low ; involucres sessile, in cymes or scattered ; leaves opposite and verticillate, or the lower usually
alternate. T. & G., Lo
PLATE XXXIV

 

1-3.0XYTHECA PE RFOLIATA

4-6. CHORIZANTHE WATSONI.
CATALOGUE. gis

fornia, Arizona, and New Mexico. With the last, and also near Humboldt
Lake, Western Nevada; May. (1,045.)

CnorizantHeE Wartsont, T. & G.; Zc, p.199. Small, annual, hoary-
pubescent, the at length sub-cymosely branched stem 1-3’ high; leaves 2-8”
long, 1 wide, narrowly spatulate or lanceolate, petioled, acutish, pointless,
entire ; involucres somewhat scattered, panicled, coriaceous, the 5 teeth not
margined, very unequal and, like the small acerose-subulate bracts, termin-
ating in a recurved cusp, one (rarely 2) larger or broad and leafy, often
nearly equaling the smooth cylindric (13-22” long) tube, the rest subulate
and small; flower included, on a slender pedicel; tube of the yellow 6-lobed
calyx cylindric, the lobes slightly pubescent, acute; stamens 9, inserted on
the throat, the filaments and anthers short; seed linear-subulate; embryo
straight ; cotyledons linear, longer than the radicle-——Collected by Dr. Torrey
and Stretch, in Western Nevada. Rather frequent on the dry wash of the
foot-hills from the Humboldt to Reese River; May-July. Pirate XXXIV.
Fig. 4. A plant; natural size. Fig. 5. Involucre, laid open, and flower;
enlarged four diameters. Fig. 6. Flower, laid open; enlarged twelve diame-
ters. (1,046.)

Oxyria pieyna, Campd. White Mountains of New Hampshire, Labra-
dor, and Greenland, and on the Arctic Coast to Behring Strait; Unalaska,
and southward in the mountains to Colorado and California. East Humboldt,
Clover, Wahsatch and Uinta Mountains; 8,500-11,000 feet altitude, in the
moist crevices of shaded rocks; July-September. (1,047.)

Roumex venosus, Pursh. DC. Prodr. 14. 43. Stem branched, 1° high;
leaves thick, flat, glabrous, petioled, the lowest ovate-subcordate at base, the
rest ovate-lanceolate or oblong, acute, attenuate at base; panicle leafy only
at base ; raceme axillary and terminal, solitary, simple, sessile, the fascicles
3-8-flowered ; flowers perfect, on capillary pedicels, jointed at the base and
equaling the valves; valves equal, orbicular, deeply cordate, entire, closely
reticulate-veined, destitute of callus, becoming greatly dilated——Leaves often
4’ long and 14~2' wide, on rather short petioles; valves bright rose-color at
maturity, 9-12” in diameter; outer sepals finally deflexed, about equaling the
sinus of the valves. From the Saskatchewan to the Columbia and southward
to New Mexico and California. Foot-hills of the West Humboldt and Pah-
Ute Mountains, Nevada; 5,000 feet altitude; May, June. (1,048.)

40
814 BOTANY.

Rumex Loneirouius, DC. Prodr. 14..44. Stout, 3-5° high; leaves
elongated, acute, undulate, the lowest oblong, subcordate or obtuse at base,
6-15’ long, 2-4’ wide, long-petioled, the upper lanceolate, attenuate at each
end, and the uppermost linear; petioles flat above, with a thin linear margin ;
panicle simple, leafless above, the racemes sessile; valves about 22” in diame-
ter, broad-ovate, slightly cordate, obtuse, finely reticulated, subentire, without
callosities —Referred by Hooker and others to R. aquaticus. In the Saskat-
chewan region, and on the Western Coast from Unalaska and Sitka to Cali-
fornia; Colorado, (498 Vasey.) Ruby and Huntington Valleys, Nevada; also
in the Uintas; 677,000 feet altitude ; July-August. (1,049.)

Rumex Britannica, L. New York to Illinois and the Upper. Missouri;
southward in Texas and New Mexico. Jordan Valley, Utah, on Cottonwood
Creek; July. (1,050.)

Rumex sauicrrouius, Weinm. Coast of New England, Newfoundland,
and from the Great Bear Lake and Sitka to Western Texas, New Mexico,
and California. In the valleys from the Truckee River, Nevada, to the
Wahsatch; 4-6,000 feet altitude ; July-September. (1,051.)

Var. (7) Leaves undulate, truncate or cordate at base; valves 1” long,
narrowly winged, subrhomboidal, acute or acuminate, subdenticulate—The
same as 1780 and 1781 Wright, from Frontera on the Rio Grande, referred
in the Botany of the Mexican Boundary to this species, but perhaps dis-
tinct. (1,052.)

Rumex maritimus, L. Sea-shore from Massachusetts to Virginia; from
Hudson’s Bay to the Saskatchewan and Washington Territory and southward
to Illinois, Western Texas, New Mexico and California. Variable in height
and habit. Truckee and Ruby Valleys, Nevada, in Salt Lake Valley, and in
Provo Cafion in the Wahsatch ; 4—6,000 feet altitude ; July-October. (1,053.)

Rumex (Acrtosa) pauciroiius, Nutt., Ms. in Herb. Gray. (&. Engel-
manni, Var. ? Geyeri, Meisn. DC. Prodr. 14. 64.) Perennial; stem erect,
simple, rather slender, 12-3° high; leaves 2-4’ long, 9-15” wide, petioled,
lanceolate, acute, entire, flat, attenuate at each end; panicle simple, nearly
leafless ; pedicels longer than the flower, articulated below the middle; valves
2” in diameter, broad-ovate, cordate, entire, reticulately veined, naked, thin
and purplish.—Rocky Mountains of Idaho and Montana, (Nuttall, 488 Geyer.)
Parley’s Park in the Wahsatch ; 6,000 feet altitude; June. Resembling R.
hastatulus, Bald., (Muhl. Cat., 2.ed., p. 37. Eil. Sk. 1. 416; this name dropped
CATALOGUE. 315

by Meisner in DC. Prodr. and R. Engelmanni, Ledeb. adopted, on account of
a prior R. hastulatus, Sm., which, however, he himself refers to Miuhlenbeckia
Chilensis,) but of stouter habit, with lanceolate, not at all hastate leaves, and
the valves larger, entire and rather less obtuse; they are somewhat erose in
P. hastatulus. (1,054.)

Potyegonum avicuLaRE, L. From latitude 65° southward to the Gult
and Mexico. A prostrate or in the young state ascending form, with small
leaves, 4-8” long and 1-2” broad, and the flowers mostly in short dense and
leafy racemes, the floral leaves but 2-3” long and 1” or less wide. West
Humboldt Mountains and Ruby Valley, Nevada; 5-6,000 feet altitude; Au-
gust, September. (1,055.)

Var. LATIFoLIUM. Prostrate or ascending; leaves oblong, obtuse; flow-
ers distant; sepals 5~6, often yellowish, as also the whole plant; achenium
more or less minutely tuberculate——A common form. Toyabe Mountains
near Austin, Diamond Valley, and in the Wahsatch; 5-6,000 feet alti-
tude. (1,056.)

Var. ERECTUM, Roth. 1-3° high, somewhat yellowish ; leaves lanceo-
late, 1-2’ long, 2-6” wide, acute; inflorescence as in the last; sepals more
usually 6, when but 5 one side of the achenium is without its sepal; ache-
nium sometimes perfectly smooth—Some of the specimens are very good
P. ramosissimum, but it seems impossible to draw a line of distinction. Fre-
quent through Western Nevada; 4,500-6,000 feet altitude; July-Septem-
ber. (1,057.)

Potygonum (AvicuLARIA) Minimum. Annual, dwarf and alpine, 1-2’ high, .
very slender, suberect, simple or branched from the base; stems angular,
minutely puberulent, leafy to the apex; leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, 2-4”
long and 1-2” wide, acute, narrowing abruptly into a very short petiole,
somewhat glaucous; sheaths somewhat obliquely truncate, acuminate, not
fringed; flowers on short pedicels, nearly 1 long; sepals 5; achenium oblong-
acuminate, perfectly glabrous—A minute and delicate torm, rarely over an
inch in height, closely related to P. aviculare. Wahsatch and Uinta Mount-
ains; 911,000 feet altitude; August. (1,058.)

Potygonum TENuE, Mx. From Canada to the Carolinas and west to
the Saskatchewan; Washington Territory to California; New Mexico. On
the mountains and foot-hills through Nevada and Utah; 5-7,000 feet altitude.
Fruit reflexed. (1,059.) Var. Leaves broader, usually dark green and
316 BOTANY.

shining. Havallah and East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada ; 7,000 feet alti-
tude. (1,060.) ‘

Var. LATIFOLIUM, Eng. Proc. Acad: Phil., March, 1863, p. 75. Low;
leaves oblong; spikes crowded, the upper bracts pointless——A small state of
the last. Clover Mountains, Nevada; 9,000 feet altitude; September. (1,061.)

Potygonum coarctatum, Dougl. DC. Prodr. 14. 101. Stem erect,
6-12’ high, dichotomous, terete, smooth; branches filiform, erect; sheaths
semi-hyaline, 2-nerved, at length 2-parted and lacerate; leaves lanceolate or
linear, 1-14’ long, acute, 1-nerved, veinless, revolute on the margin ; spikes
filiform, 2-3’ long, loose, interrupted at base, leafless above; bracts 1—2-
flowered ; calyx open, at length closed, 2” long, lobes oblong, deflexed, obso-
letely carinate-triangular; achenium inclosed, very smooth, shining, the face
ovate-oblong—Branchlets angled, very minutely scabrous-punctate ; bracts
hyaline, exceeding the subsolitary pedicels, the lower terminating with a
short subulate leaf, the upper leafless and pointless; flowers becoming pendu-
lous; achenium occasionally minutely roughened, as described by Hooker.
Idaho and Washington Territory. Var. minus, Meisn. Low, 4-3’ high, spar-
ingly branched; leaves narrow, (6-9” long 2” wide,) smooth; spikes short,
(4',) densely flowered; calyx 1” long, with obovate lobes.—Achenium glab-
rous or more or less tuberculate-striate, even upon the same plant; leaves
often more oblong, 2-3” long and nearly 1” wide, imbricated. Arctic Amer-
ica, (Franklin ;) Oregon, (Spalding.) It is P. confertifolium, Nutt., in Herb.
Gray., with ‘“‘rugulose-striate” achenia, from the ‘‘Columbia Plains,” and also
his P. imbricatum, with glabrous achenia, from the Rocky Mountains; also
493 Hall & Harbour from Colorado and 125 Torrey from near Donner Lake,
California. East Humboldt and Clover Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wah-
satch; 6,500-9,500 feet altitude; June-September. (1,062.) A more
slender form, with shorter and few-flowered spikes. Wahsatch Mountains ;
6-7,000 feet altitude. (1,063.)

PotycGonuM AMPHIBIUM, L. Northern States and Canada to the Great
Slave Lake; from Washington Territory to California, and in the mountains
eastward, and in New Mexico and Sonora. Valleys of Nevada, and Parley’s
Park in the Wahsatch; 4,500-6,000 feet altitude; June-September. (1,064.)

Var. TERRESTRE, Willd. On stream-banks in the Wahsatch.. (1,065.)

Potygonum Persicaria, L. Malade Valley, at a sheep-ranch; intro-
duced. (1,066.)
CATALOGUE. af

PoLYGONUM LAPATHIFOLIUM, Ait., Var. incanum, Koch. New York,
Lake Superior region and on the Saskatchewan; rare. In Provo Cafion of
the Wahsatch ; 6,000 feet altitude; July. (D.C. Eaton.)

Potyeonum viviparuM, L. White Mountains of New Hampshire, and
from Lake Superior to Labrador and the Arctic Sea, Greenland and Behring
Strait; southward in the mountains to Colorado and California. Clover
Mountains, Nevada, and in the Uintas; 8-11,000 feet altitude; July—Sep-
tember. (1,067.)

Potycgonum Bistorta, L. DC. Prodr. 14. 125. Rhizoma thick and
twisted ; stems annual, very simple; sheaths long and striately nerved; leaves
glabrous or puberulent beneath, the lowest cordate, obtuse, with a long
winged petiole, the upper subsessile, the highest linear or abortive; spike
dense, oblong, obtuse ; pedicels exceeding the flowers; stamens exserted.—
Var. OBLONGIFOLIUM, Meisn. Stem simple, 4-2° high; leaves glabrous, the
lowest oblong, the blade 3-8’ long, 1-2’ broad, scarcely decurrent by an ab-
ruptly attenuate base into a very long petiole; spike oblong, 3-2’ long—From
Behring Strait and the Arctic Coast southward in the mountains to Califor-
nia and New Mexico. East Humboldt and Clover Mountains, Nevada, and
in the Wahsatch and Uintas; 6—9,000 feet altitude; July-September. (1,068.)

Var. LINEARIFOLIUM. Leaves very narrow, attenuate at base, 3-6’ long,
1-4” wide; spike short, (6—9”;) stem 13° high—East Humboldt Mountains,
Nevada; 9,500 feet altitude. (1,069.)

Potyeonum Convotyvutus, L. Jordan Valley, Utah; introduced. (1,070.)

Potyconum (AconoGonon) PoLyMoRPHUM, Ledeb. DC. Prodr. 14. 139.
Stem erect, branched; sheaths large, membranous, pubescent, striately
veined, not ciliate, obliquely truncate, soon lacerate, subdeciduous; leaves
short-petioled, ovate-oblong, lanceolate or linear, narrowed or rounded at base,
ciliolate, pubescent or glabrous; panicle terminal, exceeding the leaves, of
compound many-flowered racemes; bracts small, membranous, not ciliate,
2-3-flowered ; pedicels exserted, in fruit shorter than the calyx ; calyx peta-
loid, 5-parted, not glandular, slightly enlarging ; stamens 8 ; style very short,
3-cleft; achenium triangular, equaling or scarcely exceeding the calyx, smooth
and shining, with oval-rhomboid faces ; cotyledons accumbent, sunk in a de-
pression of the albumen. Var. u. ALPINUM, Ledeb. Stem glabrous; sheaths
pilose or rather rarely glabrous; leaves ovate-oblong or lanceolate, acuminate,
shortly attenuate at base, flat, slightly pubescent, or glabrate above; panicle
318 BOTANY.

ample, pyramidal, at length rather loose——The specimens are 2° high, glab-
rous throughout; leaves lanceolate, 2-3’ long and 6-9” wide ; sepals yellow-
ish-white, open and not at all appressed to the achenium; scantily fruiting ;
achenium 3” long. East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; on dry slopes;
7-8,000 feet altitude; August. Var. dapathifolium was found at Kotzebue
Sound by H.& A. Specimens collected by Dall on the Youkon, and by Dr.
Torrey (425) near Donner Pass, California, all with broadly ovate leaves,
connect the two varieties. (1,071.)

ELEAGNACE.

SuepHerpia Canapensis, Nutt. From Vermont to Newfoundland and
Wisconsin, northward to the Arctic Circle and west to the Rocky Mountains
and Washington Territory; south in the mountains to Wyoming, Colorado
and New Mexico. East Humboldt and Clover Mountains, Nevada, and in
the Wahsatch and Uintas; 6-9,000 feet altitude; July-September. (1,072.)

SHEPHERDIA ARGENTEA, Nutt. DC. Prodr. 14. 608. Leaves elliptic or
oblong-ovate, obtuse, attenuate at base, silvery on both sides, as well as the
branches and flowers, slightly dotted with ferruginous scales; filaments pu-
bescent.—A shrub 8-15° high, somewhat spiny; the leaves very variable in
size, 3-2’ long and 2-10” wide; berries 2” in diameter, scarlet, pellucid and
edible. From the Saskatchewan southward; Utah, (Stansbury ;) Nevada,
(Anderson and Torrey ;) New Mexico, (Fendler.) Frequent on stream-banks
in Western Nevada. Fruit ripening in July. (1,073.)

ELEAGNus’ ARGENTEA, Pursh. DC. Prodr. 14. 609. A stoloniferous un-
armed shrub, 6-12° high, the younger branches covered with ferruginous
scales; leaves 13-4’ long and 9-23’ wide, broadly or narrowly elliptic, rather
acute at each end, or lanceolate and undulate, silvery-scurfy and more or less
ferruginous ; flowers numerous, deflexed, silvery without, pale yellow within,
fragrant, 3-5” long, the tube broadly oval, the limb funnelform ; fruit globose-
ovoid, dry and mealy, edible, 4-5” in length. Canada and west to the Sas-
katchewan and Rocky Mountains, to latitude 68°; Northern Minnesota and

 

1ELEAGNUS, L. Flowers perfect. Calyx-tube including the free ovary, the limb cylindric-cam-
panulate or tubular below, parted above into 4 valvate deciduous lobes, colored within. Disk glandu-
lose. Stamens 4, adnate to the calyx and alternate with its lobes, the free portion of the filaments very
short; anthers oblong. Style simple, straight ; stigma 1-sided. Fruit drupe-like, covered with the thick-
ened dry or fleshy closed calyx-tube; the stone oblong, 8-striate.—Trees or shrubs, with alternate entire
petioled leaves and axillary pedicelled flowers.
CATALOGUE. 319

on the Upper Missouri; Wyoming Territory, (Frémont.) Found on Bear
River, Utah, above Evanston ; in fruit, July and August. (1,074.)

SANTALACE,

ComanpRA PALLIDA, DC. Prodr. 14. 636. Stems several from a branched
woody caudex, herbaceous, striate, erect, 6-10’ high, branching above; leaves
alternate, bluish, somewhat punctate on the margins, the lower elliptic-
oblong, mucronate-acute, 8-12” long and 2-3” wide, the uppermost usually
linear-lanceolate, 5-10” long and about 1” wide, sometimes so continued down
the stem, (forming Var. angustifolia ;) cymes terminal, few-flowered ; bracts
linear-lanceolate, 2’ long; flowers perfect ; calyx-lobes erect-spreading ; fruit
3” in diameter, with subfleshy epicarp.—F lowers precisely as in C. umbellata ;
distinguished especially by its narrowed upper leaves and much larger fruit.
From Oregon to Colorado and New Mexico. Diamond and East Humboldt
Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch; 5-8,500 feet altitude; May—-
July. (1,075.)

CERATOPHYLLACEA.

CERATOPHYLLUM DEMERSUM, L. (?) Not in fruit; leaves short, (5-7’,)
linear, strongly sinuate-dentate, the teeth aculeate with a curved white
prickle. Canada to the Saskatchewan and southward to the Gulf and New
Mexico. Found in Spanish Spring (warm) near Glendale, Nevada; Decem-
ber. (1,076.)

EUPHORBIACE.

EvurHorsia PoLyGoniroiia, L. A single flowering specimen, collected
by Dr. Palmer in Southern Utah, accords with the eastern form except that
the leaves are acute. Sandy shores of the Atlantic and Great Lakes, from
Canada to Florida; also reported from Southern Idaho, (Tolmie.)

Evrnorsia ocetuata, Dur. & Hilg. Pac. R. R. Surv. 5, (Bot. Wil-
liamson’s Rep.,) p. 15, t. 18. Annual, glabrous, somewhat fleshy, becoming
glaucous; stems prostrate, dichotomously many times branched, somewhat
thickened at the rather remote forks; leaves 3-5” long, 2” broad, short-
petioled, entire, revolutely margined, ovate-deltoid, oblique and cordate at
base, acutish; stipules many-cleft, setaceous, the upper connate; involucres
scarcely 1” long, axillary, solitary or cymose, short-pedicelled, turbinate-cam-
320 BOTANY.

panulate, somewhat 5-angled, the lobes yellowish, short, 3-4-toothed ; glands
9-3, stipitate, round-cupshaped, rose-colored, with a very narrow or obsolete
annular appendage; styles short, entire; carpels convex; seed spherical,
somewhat angled, smooth and ash-colored.—California. In sandy sage-plains
near the Big Bend of the Truckee and Carson Desert, Nevada; 4,000 feet alti-
tude; May—August. (1,077.)

EUPHORBIA SERPYLLIFOLIA, Pers. From Wisconsin, New Mexico and
Texas, westward to Oregon and California; Western Nevada, (15 Anderson,
476 Torrey.) In the valleys from Western Nevada to the Wahsatch, usually
in alkaline or saline soils; 46,000 feet altitude; May-September. (1,078.)

EUPHORBIA GLYPTOSPERMA, Eng. Prostrate or ascending. From IIli-
nois and Canada to the Saskatchewan and southward to Arkansas and New
Mexico. Sandy creek-bottoms at west base of the Wahsatch; 5,000 feet
altitude; July—October. (1,079.)

Evpnorsia pictyosperma, F.&M. Kentucky to Louisiana and Texas,
and westward to California and Oregon. Antelope Island, Salt Lake;
June. 1,080.)

EupHorsia (Esuta) montana, Eng. DC. Prodr. 15. 2. 148.  Pe-
rennial, very glabrous, glaucous; stems many from a thick rootstock, as-
cending, leafy, shortly branched from the upper axils or often simple; leaves
scattered, rather thick, subsessile, entire, rounded at base, ovate, obtuse, the
uppermost subverticillate; floral bracts orbiculate-triangular, rarely subcor-
date, very obtuse, mucronulate, broader than long; inflorescence umbellate,
the rays becoming repeatedly dichotomous; involucre turbinate, roughish
within, the lobes oblong-linear, velvety; glands transversely oblong, truncate,
very shortly 2-horned; styles very short, bifid, thickened at the apex; cap-
sule 2” long, ovate, smooth; seeds oblong, superficially pitted, caruncle shortly
conical—The specimens are 8-15’ high, the leaves very variable in size,
4-15" long; floral bracts smaller, 3-6 wide. From the Upper Platte to
New Mexico, Arizona and Sonora. Frequent in the Wahsatch and Uintas;
7-7,500 feet altitude; June-August. (1,081.)

Croton (Henprcanpra) Procumpens, Esch. Dicecious, shrubby at
base, 1-2° high, with loose slender alternate branches, or the upper opposite,
whitish stellate-pubescent and more or less silvery-scurfy; leaves on slender
petioles, elliptic or narrow-oblong, 4-2’ long, 2-6” wide, entire, obtuse or
acute at the base and apex; axis of the sterile racemes becoming elongated,
CATALOGUE. 391

(sometimes 2-6’ long,) the flowers deciduous ; calyx 5-parted ; petals none ;
glands scale-like; stamens 6-12; filaments villous; pistillate flowers subsol-
itary ; calyx 5-parted; petals none; ovary with an obscurely 5-lobed hypo-
gynous disk, globose, 3-celled ; stigmas sessile, deeply 2-3 times cleft ; cap-
sule 3” in diameter—F rom Western Texas and Northern Mexico to South-
ern California, and north to San Francisco; Southern Utah, (Palmer, 1870.)

URTICACE 2.

CELTIS OCCIDENTALIS, L., Var. pumina, Gray. 2-6° high. All our
forms (excepting C. pallida, Torr.) may apparently be referred to this species,
ranging from New England and Canada to Oregon, and southward to Florida,
Texas and New Mexico. In the East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, very
rare; frequent in the Wahsatch, and on Stansbury Island; 4,200-6,500 feet
altitude; May-July. (1,082.)

Urtica piorca, L., Var. occrpentauis. Moncecious or sometimes
wholly staminate, 3-6° high; leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate,
coarsely serrate; stem and leaves (especially beneath) covered with a fine
velvety pubescence ; bristles more or less numerous.—190 Anderson, from
near Carson City; a New Mexican specimen in Herb. Gray, (196 Parry,
1867,) is probably the same, though but 1° high, more densely prickly and
less pubescent. Frequent on stream-banks in Nevada and in the Wahsatch ;
56,000 feet altitude. U. gracilis, Ait., is referred to this species by Dr.
Hooker and others. (1,083.)

PaRIETARIA Prnnsytvanica, Muhl. More or less hispid throughout, as
usual, instead of downy as described. From Vermont, Wisconsin, and the
Saskatchewan to Tennessee, Colorado and New Mexico. Shade of rocks in
the East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch ; 4,500-6,500
feet altitude; June-September. (1,084.)

Humouus Luputus, L From Canada and the Saskatchewan to Geor-
gia, Arkansas, and New Mexico. Frequent in the Wahsatch and Uintas;
6,000 feet altitude. (1,085.)

CUPULIFER.

Quercus auBa, L., Var. Gunnison, Torr. Pac. RR. Surv. 2., (Beck-
with’s Rep.,) p. 180. (Q. stellata, Wang., Var. Utahensis, A. DC.) In some

respects intermediate between Q. alba and Q. stellata, (Q. obtusiloba, Mx.,)
41
322 BOTANY.

but rather to be referred to the former, having a similar though smaller leaf,
(3-5’ long,) with 3-4 pairs of rather narrow oblong subequal lobes, opposite
or alternate, obtuse and subentire, with no tendency toward the fewer
rounded divergent unequal lobes that characterize the leaf of stellata, yet
with much of its yellowish downy pubescence, only occasionally becoming
nearly glabrous; it has also the glabrous anther of alba, (though otherwise
described by De Candolle,) the longer peduncle, the same proportioned
shallower cup, 4-7” (usually 5’) broad and 3” deep, with convex inflated
scales; the acorn is considerably smaller than that of alba, usually 9’’ long
and 5” in diameter, sometimes much shorter and scarcely exserted from the
cup. Usually low and scrubby, covering the foot-hills, but at times attain-
ing 1-14° in diameter and 20° in height, with the bark and all the habit of
Q. alba. 515 Hall & Harbour, referred to Q. Douglasii, Var. Nova Mexicana,
is the same. Not seen west of the Wahsatch, but extending east to Colo-
rado and south to latitude 38° ; 5—7,000 feet altitude. (1,086.)
Castanopsis! cHrysopHyLLa, A. DC. Prodr. 16. 2.109. (Castanea,
Hook.) Leaves 4-5’ long, evergreen, broadly lanceolate, acuminate, acute
at base, entire, coriaceous, deep-green and glabrous above, the younger ones
especially covered beneath with golden-yellow scales; stipules ovate-lance-
olate, caducous; aments densely flowered, half shorter than the leaves; styles
3, erect and subdivergent, glabrous, linear; fruit crowded, densely prickly —
A tree of Oregon and California, becoming 60—100° high, and 1-3° in diam-
eter. Var. minor, Benth. A shrub 2-6° high, with smaller leaves, 1-23’
long, 6-9” wide, often obtuse, and acute or obtuse at base, on petioles 3-6”
in length. Stipules subpersistent, 1’ long; aments pubescent, with the
small lanceolate bracts sometimes hidden between the fascicles; spikes
androgynous, the fertile flowers surrounded by broad ovate bracts and scales ;
calyx pubescent except at base, lobes ovate, doubly serrate; stamens often
abortive ; scales of the finally dehiscent involucre becoming elongated (some-

 

1CASTANOPSIS, Spracu. Sterile flowers fascicled, surrounded by bracts, in an ament. Calyx
regularly 5-6-lobed. Stamens usually twice as many as the lobes; filaments slender, elongated; anthers
very small, 2-celled. Rudimentary pistil globose, free, hirsute. Fertile flowers 3-1, in a scaly involucre.
Calyx 6-parted, lobes obtuse, in two rows. Styles 3, (rarely 3-5,) linear, opposite the outer calyx-lobes.
Ovary 3-celled ; cells 2-ovuled ; ovules amphitropous from the lower angle. Fruit consisting of the
involucre and 3-1 included cartilaginous free nutlets; involucre globose, beset with usually branched
prickles growing tardily from the scales, rarely crested with subconical tubercles, closed, at length irreg-
ularly cleft or indehiscent. Seeds by abortion solitary ; cotyledons thick, mealy, plano-convex ; radicle
superior.—Trees of Asia and California, with the habit and inflorescence of some Asiatic sections of
Quercus and the fruit of Castanea, but the ovary 3-celled ; fruit maturing the second year.
PLATE XXXV.

 

BETULA OCCIDENTALIS
CATALOGUE. 328

times 1’ long) and covered with divergent branched subverticillate prickles ;
nut 6” in diameter, obtusely triangular, glabrous—California and Oregon.
Washoe Mountains, Nevada, above Carson City; 6,500 feet altitude. (1,087.)

BETULACEZ.

BETULA OCCIDENTALIS, Hook. Flor. Bor. Amer. 2.155. Branches dark
reddish-brown, copiously sprinkled with resinous warts; leaves 1-14’ long,
9-15” wide, thin, broadly ovate, acute, truncate at base or sometimes sub-
cuneate or slightly cordate, with rarely more than four pairs of nerves, smooth
and resinous above or minutely appressed-hairy, lighter-colored beneath,
usually with scattered hairs upon the petioles, margins and veins, not punc-
tate, somewhat obscurely lobed or doubly toothed, the serratures short and
glandularly mucronate; petioles slender, 3-5” long; fruiting aments broad-
cylindrical, 1’ long; peduncles suberect, leafy, 3-5” long ; scales pubescent,
ciliate, the lateral lobes divergent, quadrangular; seed with wings twice
broader than the body.—A shrub 8—12° high, with numerous scarcely erect
stems, rarely 3-4’ in diameter, and a dark purplish-brown close smooth bark.
From the Rocky Mountains in latitude 54° to Washington Territory and
southward to Colorado.—Frequent on stream-banks in the Wahsatch and
Uintas; 5-6,000 feet altitude. It is 339 Parry, 518 Hall & Harbour, and
528 Vasey, from Colorado, and was also collected by Nuttall. Regel makes
this both the type of his subspecies occidentalis under B. alba, and his Var.
humilis of subspecies papyrifera, adding to both certain forms of B. papyracea.
The White Mountain variety of B. papyracea is quite distinct from the pres-
ent, and cannot be considered as tending to unite the two species. PLaTE
XXXV. Fig. 1. End of branch; natural size. Figs. 2, 3. Scales. Figs.
4, 5. Seeds; enlarged four diameters. (1,088.)

Betuta GLanpuLosa, Mx. From Newfoundland and Labrador, North-
ern New England and the Great Lakes to the Arctic Ocean and Behring
Strait, Alaska, Oregon, and Colorado, Found on stream-banks in the Uintas ;
8-9,000 feet altitude. (1,089.)

Anus incana, Willd., Var. etauca, Ait. Leaves ovate, doubly and
sharply serrate, obtuse at base or slightly cordate, rarely subcuneate, sub-
acute or rarely subacuminate; more or less pubescent on both twigs and
leaves, or sometimes nearly glabrous; seeds with a narrow coriaceous mar-
gin—From New England to Saskatchewan; thence south to New Mexico
324 BOTANY.

and west to Oregon. Washoe Mountains and Truckee Valley, Nevada; at
City of Rocks in Southeastern Idaho, and in the Wahsatch and Uintas ;
47,000 feet altitude. This is the prevalent western form, often collected,
but variously referred. It is 422 Frémont, (1845,) 811 Fendler from New
Mexico, 215 Geyer, 340 Parry, and 519 Hall & Harbour from Colorado,
(the last called A. rubra by Regel,) 530 Vasey, 104 Anderson, &c. It
must include Regel’s A. serrulata, Var. rugosa, for all the localities but per-
haps California. (1,090.)

SALICACEZ.

Satrx tonerrotra, Muhl. From the Northern States and Canada to
the Arctic Circle and the Pacific; in Arkansas, Texas, New Mexico, and
California. The most common willow of Nevada and Utah, usually in dense
clumps, 3-8° high; stems erect and rarely exceeding 1’ in diameter, with
grayish bark; very variable in pubescence, size of the leaves, &c. This
number includes specimens having the fertile aments 1’ long, densely
crowded with glabrous capsules, terminal (or often apparently lateral) and
mostly solitary upon the extremities of the branchlets; leaves pubescent,
becoming glabrate, 2-3’ long and 2-3” wide. 4~6,000 feet altitude; May-
August. (1,091.)

Another common form has the catkins in clusters of 4-8 at the extrem-
ities of the branches, the fertile ones 1-24’ long, densely crowded; cap-
sules ovate-conic, villous-pubescent and nearly sessile ; leaves 2-4’ long, 2-7’
wide, becoming glabrous. (1,092.)

A rarer form, approaching S. Hindsiana, Benth., was collected on sandy
foot-hills near Carson City, Nevada, with the fertile aments solitary and ter-
minal upon the short leafy branchlets, about 4’ in length, very loosely fruited;
capsules long-conical, glabrous, the pedicel exceeding the gland; the still
rather young leaves less than an inch long, 1’’ wide; 38° high, divaricately
branching, with slender virgate branchlets and yellow bark. (1,093.)

Var. ARGYROPHYLLA, Nutt. DC. Prodr.16. 2.214. Leaves and capsules
covered with a glistening silvery tomentum.—A common form, with the
silky tomentum more or less abundant; aments solitary and terminal, short,
2~1' long, and rather densely flowered ; leaves very variable, 14-5’ long and
1-6" wide. (1,094.)

Satrx corpaTa, Muhl., nearly Var. ancustara, And. The species is
CATALOGUE. 325

found from New England to Missouri and the Saskatchewan and northward
to the Arctic coast; Oregon and Colorado. Frequent through Nevada and
Utah ; 4-7,000 feet altitude. Various forms occur in the collection, more
or less distinct ; the present with leaves 3-6’ long and 6-18” wide, rounded
or subcuneate at base, very long acuminate, finely serrulate, glabrous, glau-
cous beneath ; stipules often large and serrate; aments 1-3’ long, on rather
long peduncles. Becoming a small tree, 15° high and 18’ in diameter, with
usually slender virgate branchlets and rather dark-green bark. (1,095.)

Var. Leaves 12-3’ long, 6-12” wide, mostly rounded at base, very
short-acuminate, serrulate or nearly entire, occasionally subvillous beneath ;
aments 1’ long, on short peduncles. Usually about 8° high, less virgately
branched than the last. (1,096.)

Var. (2) Leaves still smaller, 1-2’ long, 4-9” wide, mostly subacute
at base, acute or short-acuminate at the apex, entire or subserrulate, 1’ or less
in length, on short peduncles. 6-15° high, and occasionally 12-18’ in diam-
eter, diffusely branching, the branchlets short and divaricate; bark light yel-
lowish-green. Of well-marked habit, and perhaps a distinct species, but
seems to be united through the last variety with the true cordata. (1,097.)

5. (?) Allied to S. cordata. Fertile aments (2’ long) on short and
leafy densely villous peduncles, densely flowered; scales dark, orbicular, en-

 

tire, very villous both sides, twice longer than the gland and about half as
long as the slender pedicel (1” long;) capsule long, conical, glabrous; style
rather slender; stigmas entire, suberect; leaves 14’ long, 3-5” wide, spatu-
late, narrowed to the base, on short (1-12”) petioles, obtuse or subacute,
entire, densely covered with a short silky pubescence when young, wholly
glabrous and rather thick when old. 6-8° high; stipules obsolete. Found
in a mountain cafion near Carson City, Nevada, where it was also collected
by Anderson (11 ;) strongly marked, but not identified. (1,098.)

Sarix guauca, L. DC.Prod.16.2.280. Aments leafy, peduncled, cylin-
drical, subdensely flowered; scales acutish or obtuse, tawny at base and
darker above, villous with long white hairs ; capsules ovate-lanceolate, rather
obtuse, densely white-tomentose, scarcely or shortly pedicelled, the pedicel
equaling the nectary ; style produced, usually bifid, the lobes of the stigma
divaricate ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, usually silky-villous both sides, entire.—
Arctic America; Rocky Mountains of Colorado. Var. putuata, And. Leaves
becoming glabrous above, more or less villous and glaucous beneath, variable
326 BOTANY.

in shape——The specimens have lanceolate or oblanceolate leaves, 1-3’ long,
3-6” wide, light-green, short silky-pubescent or subglabrous, especially above ;
young aments 4-1’ long, becoming 1-2’ in length at maturity. 2-3° high,
diffusely branched, with short and stout branchlets. On the shores of sub-
alpine lakes in the East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch ;
9,000 feet altitude. June-August. (1,099.)

Sauix arctica, R. Br. DC. Prodr.16.2.286. Aments lateral and subter-
minal upon long strict leafy peduncles, erect, rather thick and densely flowered ;
scales obovate, obtuse, pale or dark-colored, pilose; capsule conic from an
ovate base, tomentose or glabrous, the short pedicel rather exceeding the
gland; style middle-sized, becoming brown, with divaricately parted stig-
mas; leaves obovate, oval or spatulate-lanceolate, entire or obsoletely and re-
motely serrulate, at length smooth, glaucous beneath.—In various forms,
from latitude 64° to Behring Strait, the Arctic Sea, and Greenland; Una-
laska; Labrador; Rocky Mountains of Colorado. In the Uintas, at
11-12,000 feet altitude, in broad clumps, a foot in height. Perhaps nearest
Var. Browner, And., but not according closely with any of the described
varieties ; leaves 1-13’ long, 4-9” broad, oblong or rather oblong-lanceolate,
usually broadest above the middle, rounded at base, acute or short-acumi-
nate, slightly woolly or silky-pubescent, becoming glabrous, glaucous be-
neath, remotely serrulate or entire; sterile aments small, 2—4” long, the
fertile 3-1’ long, on villous, not very long peduncles; scales dark and villous ;
capsules short-pedicelled, tomentose. (1,100.)

SaLIx PHLEBOPHYLLA, And. DC. Prodr. 16. 2. 290. Aments upon
lateral leafy branchlets or terminal, cylindric, rather short, densely flowered,
erect; scales round-ovate, dark, pilose or. bearded with long white hairs;
capsules ovate-conic, brownish, puberulent, sessile; gland exceeding the
base of the capsule; style elongated, brown, as well as the divaricately
parted stigmas; leaves oblong-obovate, very shortly acuminate or subobtuse,
coriaceous, persistent, entire, colored alike on both sides, almost always with
scattered white hairs beneath and upon the margins, otherwise perfectly
glabrous and shining, the parallel nerves strongly prominent on both sides.—
In Northwestern Arctic America and Unalaska; also collected by Lyall on
the summits of the Cascade Mountains. Uintas; 10-11,000 feet altitude;
August. Very dwarf and slender, the leafy decumbent stems scarcely an
inch in length; leaves 2~5” long and 1” wide; aments 3-4" long. (1,101.)
CATALOGUE. 327

Sauix reticunata, L. DC. Prodr. 16. 2. 301. Decumbent, the
branches leafy at the summit; ament terminal, very long peduncled, densely
flowered, narrow-cylindric; peduncle leafy; scales yellowish-pink, rounded-
ovate ; capsules oval-ovate, sessile, hoary-tomentose; nectary somewhat cup-
shaped, surrounding the base of the capsule and often exceeding it; style
very short or none; stigmas 2-cleft, brown, divaricate; leaves petioled,
round-elliptic, often rugose, pale-glaucous beneath, reticulately veined, en-
tire—Greenland and the Arctic coast, Labrador, Unalaska, and in the Rocky
Mountains of Colorado. East Humboldt and Clover Mountains, Nevada,
and the Uintas; 9-11,000 feet altitude; August, September. Stems rather
stout, wholly prostrate, leafy only at the summit; leaves 6-9” long, oblong
or suborbicular, mostly rounded at the apex, obtuse at base or subattenuate
into a long and slender petiole; sterile aments 2-4” long and very loosely
flowered ; fertile aments also short, (3-6’,) densely flowered, on long naked
peduncles. (1,102.)

Early specimens of some other species, too immature for determination,
were collected in the neighborhood of Carson City, Nevada. (1,103.)

PopuLUS TREMULOIDES, Mx. From the Northern States, Newfound-
land, and Canada, to the Arctic Sea and Oregon, and southward in the
mountains to California (?), Arizona, and New Mexico. Frequent in the
upper cafions of Nevada and Utah, rarely attaining 1° in diameter and 30°
in height; 6-9,000 feet altitude. (1,104.)

PopuLus MONILIFERA, Ait. From Western New England to Missouri,
on the Arkansas and in Louisiana, and westward to California and Oregon.
Not seen in Utah, and less frequent in Nevada. Referred by Wesmael in
DC. Prodromus to P. Canadensis, Desf., but Aiton’s name is much the
older. (1,105.)

'  Popunus Batsamirera, L., Var. ancustirotia. (P. angustifolia, James.)
Branches terete, glabrous; leaves ovate-lanceolate, attenuate at base, acute,
glabrous, crenate-serrate——Leaves varying much between the ordinary
growth (2-3 long by 8-12” wide, acute at base and often subrhomboidal)
and that, of the younger shoots where they may be 6-8 long and 3’ or more
broad, and often cordate at base; always with a long acumination. It is
referred by Wesmael in the Prodromus to P. monitlitera, (his P. Canadensis,)
but its affinities are wholly with P. balsamitera, of which it is the narrow-
leaved form, as P. candicans is on the opposite extreme the broad-cordate
398 BOTANY.

variety. From Colorado and New Mexico to Washington Territory and
California. Not seen west of Reese River, but it is the prevalent species
eastward in Nevada and Utah ; 5—7,000 feet altitude. (1,106.)

PopuLus TRicHocarPa, Torrey. DC. Prodr. 16. 2. 330. Buds and
younger branches viscid; leaves on rounded petioles, (1-2' long,) broadly
cordate-triangular, short-acuminate, glabrous, finely glandularly crenate-
serrate, pale beneath, reticularly-veined ; fertile aments about 1’ long in
flower, 3-6’ in fruit, with laciniate densely villous scales; stigmas dilated at
base ; fruit sessile or shortly pedicelled, globose, tomentose; sterile aments
2’ long, sessile, densely flowered, with subvillous laciniately-fringed scales ;
stamens 20-30.—On the Santa Clara River, California, (Parry,) and from the
Lower Fraser River, (Lyall.) A rather small tree in Truckee Valley and
lower cafions of the Washoe and West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada;
45,000 feet altitude. (1,107.)

GNETACE#.

EpHepra®? antisypHinitica, C. A. Meyer. DC. Prodr. 16. 2. 354. A
low dicecious shrub, 2° high; branches opposite and fascicled, straight, sub-

 

1GNETACEZ, Biumr. Flowers dicecious, mdnecious, or rarely polygamous. Staminate aments:—
Bracts decussately opposite or verticillate, more or less connate, or very rarely distinct. Calyx and corolla
none; each flower with 2-4 bractlets, which are united to form a 2-4-lobed perianth. Stamens arising
from the base of the perianth, solitary, or few with the filaments united; anthers 2-celled, the cells de-
hiscent by a pore at the apex; pollen oval, smooth. Fertile aments :—Bracts decussately opposite, or in
threes, more or less imbricated and connate, the lower usually smaller, often thickened and fleshy in
fruit. Flowers 1-3, each consisting of an urceolate perianth, (formed of 2-5 connate bractlets, Parlatore,)
perforated at the apex and including the ovule. Ovule erect, solitary, terminating above in a rather
long, usually terete, straight or twisted, exserted style-like process. Fruit dry, enveloped by the bracts
and by the membranous or thickened perianth. Embryo in the axis or at the summit of the fleshy albu-
men; cotyledons 2; radicle superior.—Trees, shrubs, or undershrubs, with opposite ternate or fascicled
branches, jointed at the nodes; leaves opposite or in threes, often reduced toa short-toothed or lacerated
sheath.

* EPHEDRA, L. Flowers diwcious or rarely monecious. Male aments subglobose, solitary or
clustered, axillary, sessile or short-peduncled; bracts (rarely in threes) approximate or subimbricate,
connate into 2-3-lobed involucres. Flowers solitary at each bract, the perianth often exceeding the invo-
lucre. Stamens 3-8; filaments united into a column usually exceeding the perianth, sometimes divided
at the summit ; anthers subrounded or narrowed and subcuneate at base, dehiscing by transverse oblong
pores. Fertile aments solitary or few, usually short-peduncled, erect or nodding. Bracts (rarely in
threes) forming 2-6 emarginate or 2-3-lobed involucres, the lower sterile, the upper one larger and 1-3-
flowered. Ovule usually oval-oblong, the style-like process obliquely ligulate or discoid at the apex.
Seed with a thin membranous testa ; embryo axial and nearly as long as the albumen ; cotyledons oblong;
radicle long and cylindrical—Shrubs and undershrubs, with numerous equisetoid terete sheathed branches ;
sheaths short, with usually 2-4 leafless or shortly foliaceous teeth.

In the above descriptions the terms are made to conform to the theory of the gymnospermous char-
acter of the Order. Parlatore, in the Prodromus, still considers what is here called the perianth of the
fertile flower as the ovary with a true style and stigma. The following remarkable species compels a
slight modification in the descriptions of the genus and of the Order, by its peculiar characteristic, the
ternate arrangement of its leaves, branches and floral bracts. It has long been known and noticed as a
CATALOGUE. 399

erect or divaricate, striate, smooth or minutely resinous-puberulent, yellow-
ish-green; sheaths 2-cleft, the lobes 4-6” long, entire, short-triangular, lance-
olate or linear-subulate, at length deciduous; sterile aments 3-4” long, the
bracts opposite and imbricated, anthers about 8, sessile or short-stipitate,
the united column of filaments 2” long, twice exceeding the perianth and
involucre ; fertile aments solitary, short-peduncled, 1- or usually 2-fruited,
with 4 pairs of broadly-ovate thickish scales connate at base; fruit 3-4”
long, sessile, oblong-ovate, nearly triangular, smooth; base of the radicle
straight—From Western Texas to California, Southern Utah, and Nevada.
Abundant through Nevada, from the Sierras to the East Humboldt Mount-
ains; 46,000 feet altitude ; flowering in May and June, perfecting its fruit
in July. The medullary portion of the stems abounds in a reddish-brown
resin. The medicinal virtues of the plant are well known, and it has also
been used as a substitute for tea. (1,108.)

The integument of the ovule is said to be single in the genus, but here it
is plainly double, the two coats united over the lower two-thirds of the ovule
but easily separable, and wholly free above. The deciduous styliform pro-
cess is a tubular continuation of the outer coat, ligulate and not stigmatic
at the top, but affording ready access for the pollen to the apex of the
ovule. This apex is subcorneous and incorporates the bases of the attenu-
ated albumen and embryo with the integuments. Prate XXXIX. Fig. 1.
A staminate branch. Fig. 2. A fertile branch. Fig. 3. Flowerless stems
with well-developed. leaves; all natural size. Fig. 4. Staminate ament.
Fig. 5. Involucre, of connate bracts. Fig. 6. Single bract, showing obscure
veins. Fig. 7. Joint of the rachis, withits oppositeflowers. Fig. 8. Perianth,
laid open, showing upper side of stamineal column. Fig. 9. Fertile ament ;
all enlarged four diameters. Fig. 10. Involucral bracts, enlarged two diam-
eters. Fig. 11. Fruiting perianth, dorsal side. Fig. 12. Its ovule; both
enlarged four diameters. Fig. 138. Ovule; enlarged eight diameters; the
integuments on the ventral side removed and the styliform process detached,

doubtful form, and is now published under the name provisionally proposed for it by Dr. Torrey in Emory’s
Report, p. 151. It was again collected the last season by Dr. Palmer in Arizona.

E. TRrrurca, Torr. An undershrub with the habit of E. antisyphilitica, but the branches, the
sheathing leaves, and the bracts of the aments in whorls of three; bracts thin and membranous, in 6-8
imbricated alternating whorls, those of the fertile aments dilated and orbicular, on short petioles which
are scarcely connate at base; stamens 6-8; fertile flowers 1-3; perianth triangular, somewhat roughened
or minutely rugose, about equaling the involucre; attenuated base of the undeveloped radicle elongated and
somewhat coiled—New Mexico; Arizona.

42
330 BOTANY.

showing the albumen surrounded by the double testa, all united at the
apex. Fig. 14. The removed integuments, the free portion of the outer coat
separated from the horny apex of the ovule and folded back. Fig. 15. Ver-
tical section of the albumen, showing its axial cavity and the partially de-
veloped embryo. Fig. 16. Embryo at a still earlier stage of growth.

Var. pepuncutaTa. (E. pedunculata, Eng. Bot. Simpson’s Rep., ined.)
Fertile aments more or less pedunculated, the peduncles sometimes 6” long,
straight or geniculate, the lower pair of bracts usually somewhat distant from
the upper ones—Nevada, (H. Engelmann.) Southern Utah, (Palmer.)

CONIFER.

Pinus monopuyiua, Torr. DC. Prodr. 16. 2. 378. A low tree of
rather open rigid habit, the branches spreading or subdeflexed; bud-scales
broad-ovate, acute or obtuse, spreading or appressed, light-brown, persist-
ent, more obtuse and spreading on the barren shoots; sheaths short, light-
brown, soon lacerate and revolute ; leaves solitary, terete, short, 1-23’ long
and 2” in diameter, rigid, straight or subcurved, mucronate and pungent,
smooth, glaucous, very rarely in pairs and semi-cylindric; staminate aments
numerous in a short (3-1’) spike, 2-3” long, oblong, obtuse, crests of the
anthers dilated, semi-orbicular, entire; cones 2-22’ long, 1%’ broad, ovate,
sessile, the scales smooth and shining, obovate, cuneate, 1’ long, 10-12” wide,
the apophysis pyramidal, 3—-4-sided, recurved, with a truncate and depressed
summit; nuts oblong, 3 long and 8” in- thickness, somewhat angled, light-
colored, rather thin, wingless, the bracts small, becoming 2-3” long, thin and
free—On the eastern slope of the Sierras and eastward, and reported from
the Cascade Mountains, Oregon. Frequent on many of the ranges of Nevada
from the Sierras to the East Humboldt Mountains, at 4,500—7,000 feet alti-
tude, growing 10-20° high, rarely 1° in diameter. For the first 2-3 years
from the seed, the leaves are very short and lance-linear, subflattened,
carinate and caniculate, sheathless. The allied P. edulis, Eng., which is
found from Colorado to New Mexico and Arizona, is said to grow 30-50°
high, the leaves in threes or in pairs, shorter, and the cones but half as large
as in P. monophylla, (1,109.)

Pinus contorta, Dougl. DC. Prodr.16. 2.381, in part. (P. Bolanderi,
Parl., DC, 7. c., 379.) A low tree, 10-30° high ; bud-scales lanceolate, acute,
sublacerate; sheaths short ; leaves in pairs, 1-2’ long, numerous, rigid, erect-
PLATE XXX1X

LORS,

af

as
Ot

 

EPHEDRA ANTISYPHILITICA
CATALOGUE. Bol

spreading, semi-terete and deeply-channeled, mucronate and_ subacute,
scarcely roughish on the margin; cones 1-4, verticillate, 1-2’ long, 10-15”
wide, ovoid, subobtuse, straight or curved, persistent ; scales 3—4” wide, with
a shining pyramidal 4-sided summit, the transverse ridge acute, mucronate
with a deciduous straightish or incurved spine-—On the coast from Northern
California to Sitka. Var. Larirouia, Eng,, in itt. The mountain form, with
broader leaves, extending eastward to Colorado, and said to attain a height
of 40-60°. It was seen only in the Uintas, at an altitude of 7-8,000 feet,
not over 20° high, rather slender, with a somewhat scaly grayish-brown bark ;
known as ‘Red Pine.” The specimens show numerous sessile sterile aments,
4-5" long, the anther-crest semi-orbicular with a torn or irregular mar-
gin. The mucro upon the scales of the cones is frequently 14” long;
bracts persistent, thickened; seed 2” long, oval, dark-colored, wing 3 times
longer. (1,110.)

Pinus ponperosa, Dougl. DC. Prodr. 16. 2. 395. Tall, with wide-
spreading or subpendulous branches; bud-scales lanceolate, acuminate;
sheaths rather long; leaves in threes, usually long, 4-10’, and 3-1” broad,
clustered at the ends of the stout and rigid branchlets, erect or spreading,
rather rigid, scabrous on the margin,-somewhat sharply mucronate; sterile
aments numerous, fascicled, cylindrical, with suborbicular crenate-dentate
crests; cones usually 3-4, short-peduncled and subpendulous, 3-6’ long,
14-2’ wide, conic or conic-cylindric, straight; scales 1-14’ long, 6-9” wide,
the subrhombic summit elevated, radiately cracked, the transverse ridge acute,
the mucro stout, sharp, and recurved; bracts persistent, thickened; seed
oval, 3-5” long, the wing oblong, obtuse, 1/long—New Mexico to California,
and northward to Colorado and Washington Territory. Washoe Mountains, -
Nevada, and in the Uintas; 5—8,000 feet altitude; knownas ‘ Yellow Pine.”
Bark light-red, yellowish-brown within, thick, cracking irregularly and
cleaving into small very irregularly shaped scales. The sterile aments are
described as 1’ long or more; none of those in the collection exceed half an
inch. (1,111.)

Pinus Batrouriana, Murr. Gordon's Pinetum, p. 217. A middle-
sized tree, with pendulous or spreading branches, often short and twisted ;
bud-scales oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, persistent; sheaths of numerous
oblong fringed scales, soon squarrose or caducous; leaves mostly in fives,
densely crowded and often covering the branches, long-persistent, 1-13’ long,
332 BOTANY.

stout and rigid, erect, curved, triangular, smooth, obtusely mucronate, the
inner faces striate ; sterile aments clustered, ovate, the anther-crest reduced to
1-2 small protuberances ; cones 3-5’ long, 1-1} wide, terminal and mostly
solitary, ovate-oblong, obtuse, ‘dark-brown ;” scales 4-6” wide, with a
rhombic slightly elevated summit, the transverse ridge acute, the umbo small,
mucronate with a straight ascending awn; seed 3” long, with a rather broad
obtuse elongated wing.—Northern California, (Jeffrey.). Found only on the
summit of the East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, at 9-10,000 feet altitude,
a few scattered trees of strict contracted habit, with thin light-gray bark,
smooth on the branches, which were covered by the short crowded leaves ;
cones 3-34’ long, light-reddish-brown, with short awns. The Colorado
form, (P. aristata, Eng., which has been identified with this species by Dr.
Engelmann,) has smaller cones, 2-3/ long, dark-colored, the lance-subulate
awn often 3” long. (1,112.)

Pinus FLEXILIS, James. DC. Prodr. 16. 2. 403. Middle-sized tree
with mostly horizontal branches; bud-scales ovate, acuminate, subfimbriate ;
sheaths 2’ long, of several ovate and linear-oblong obtuse deciduous scales ;
leaves 1-3’ (usually 2’) long, 4” wide, in fives, densely crowded at the ends
of the branchlets, rigid, smooth, obtusely mucronate; sterile aments numer-
ous, 8-5” long, in a thick subterminal spike, the anther-crest small and
irregularly incised-dentate, (or obsolete;) cones 3-4, oval-oblong to ovate-
cylindric, 23-5’ long, 14-2’ broad, obtuse ; scales very broad, (8-15”,) with a
short-cuneate base, thick, pitted usually on both sides, the compressed summit
terminating in the erect acute semi-circular transverse ridge and a sub-
rhombic acutish umbo; seed 4-5” long, 23” wide, pale-colored, with a rudi-
mentary wing.—Bark rather thin, scaly, reddish or sometimes dark-gray.
Rocky Mountains, from New Mexico to Washington Territory. The preva-
lent pine in the East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and frequent in the
Wahsatch and Uintas; 6,500-11,000 feet altitude. The aged trees of the
East Humboldt Mountains, often 250-500 years old and 2-3° in diame-
ter, rarely 50° high, are too knotty and cross-grained to be valuable for
timber. (1,113.)

Azies Encrtmannt, Parry. (Pinus commutata, Parl. DC. Prodr. 16.
2.417.) A tall pyramidal tree with horizontal branches; branchlets pubes-
cent ; bud-scales ovate, obtuse, squarrose ; leaves crowded, 6-15” long, rigid,
compressed-tetragonal, abruptly and somewhat obtusely mucronate, very
CATALOGUE. 333

minutely white-punctate ; sterile aments 6-9” long, anther-crests rounded,
dentate-fimbriate ; fertile aments 9-10" long, dark-purple, the fleshy ovate
obtuse squarrose scales scarcely exceeding the ovate-lanceolate bracts ; cones
solitary, about 2’ long, 3’ wide, ovate-cylindric, obtuse, reddish-brown ; scales
thin, 6” wide, obovate-rhombic, subtruncate or emarginate, erose ; bracts 2-3’
long, ovate-oblong, obtusish, dentate; seed 1” long; wing obliquely obovate,
2-3" long —Bark thin, (13”,) scaly, reddish or purplish-brown; wood white
and soft. Rocky Mountains, from New Mexico to Montana. East Humboldt
Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch and Uintas ; 8-10,000 feet altitude :
known as “‘ White Pine.” (1,114.)

Asies Menzies, Lindl. (Pinus, Dougl. DC. Prodr. 16. 2. 418.)
Tall, of strict conical growth, with spreading branches; branchlets light-
colored, smooth and shining ; bud-scales ovate, obtuse, the lowest pubescent,
carinate and awned ; leaves crowded, 6-12” long, stout and rigid, compressed-
tetragonal, very acute, minutely white-punctate; sterile aments 9-12” long,
thick, anther-crests subrounded, dentate; fertile aments 15-20” long, with
pale shining rounded scales, bracts minute; cones abundant, solitary or sub-
clustered, drooping, 24-5’ long, 12-15” wide, light-brown, obtuse; scales thin,
5-7” wide, oval or subrhombic, more or less elongated above, obtuse or sub-
emarginate and erose-dentate ; bracts small; seed 1-12” long, wing obovate-
oblong, obtuse, 4-6” long. —Bark 3-6” thick, smooth and gray, with numer-
ous vesicles, becoming in older trees very thick, hard and ridged; wood
rather coarse-grained. From Sitka to California and Colorado. In the
Wahsatch and Uintas; 7—9,000 feet altitude; known as “Balsam.” As in
the last the dried specimens are apt to lose their leaves, but the species
may be distinguished at once from each other by the smooth or pubescent
branchlets. (1,115.)

ABIES AMABILIS, Forbes. (?) (Pinus, Dougl. DC. Prodr. 16. 2. 426.)
Tall, pyramidal, with horizontal branches; leaves 6-12" long, 1” wide,
closely crowded in 2 rows, subsecund, erect-spreading, rigid, curved or
falcate, usually acutely mucronate, flat or somewhat channeled and dark-
green above, strongly carinate and glaucous beneath; ‘‘sterile aments 3-4”
long, oval ;” fertile ones 10” long, subcylindric, the concave rounded long-
cuspidate bract exceeding the rounded ciliolate scale, basal bracts numerous,
ovate, obtuse, smooth; cones 4-63’ long, 14-23’ wide, solitary, erect, cylin-
drical, obtuse, brownish-purple; scales 1’ long, 12’ wide, horizontal and close-
334 BOTANY.

pressed, abruptly short-unguiculate, the rounded upper margin subreflexed
and pubescent, several times exceeding the rounded dentate often long-
cuspidate bract; seed 5” long, 3” wide, obovate-cuneate, angled, the broad
wing rounded above and nearly equaling the scale-—There has been much
confusion between this and the following species. The specimens of the
collection, however, appear quite clearly distinct from those referred to A.
grandis, and agree essentially with Parlatore’s description, who claims to have
seen an original cone of Douglas’, and with Newberry’s account of the Cascade
Mountain trees. They do not accord with the description of the New Mexi-
can A. concolor, Eng. Reported from Washington Territory to Wyoming
and New Mexico. In the Wahsatch Mountains, but not frequent; 7-9,000
feet altitude. (1,116.)

Axigs @RranpIs, Lindl. (Pinus, Dougl. DC Prodr. 16.2. 427.) Tall,
pyramidal, with horizontal branches; leaves 6-18” (usually 12) long, 1” broad,
numerous, in 2 rows, spreading or erect, rigid, straight or curved, more or
less contracted and twisted above the base, obtuse or emarginate, green and
subsulcate above, strongly keeled and glaucous beneath; cones 24/—33' long,
13-2' wide, solitary, erect, oblong, obtuse, greenish; scales 7-10” long,
9-12” broad, horizontal and close-pressed, broad-cuneate and unguiculate,
the rounded upper margin subreflexed and usually resinous-pubescent, much
exceeding the obcordate toothed short-mucronate bracts; seed 3” long,
2” wide, obovate-cuneate, angled, wing nearly equaling the scale, somewhat
4-sided.—Bark rather thin, pale-gray or brownish; wood fine-grained and
tough. From Washington Territory to California and Colorado. In the
Washoe Mountains, Nevada, where it is known as “‘ White Spruce,” and in the
Goose Creek, Wahsatch and Uinta Mountains, Utah; 6-8,000 feet altitude.
As is true of the last species, the seeds are a favorite food of squirrels, so that
it is frequently difheult to procure perfect cones, though there may be bushe
of scales heaped under the trees. (1,117.)

Asres Doverasn, Lind. (Pinus, Sabin. DC. Prodr.16. 2. 430.) Tall,
pyramidal, with horizontal drooping branches; bud-scales spatulate, fimbriate
above; young branchlets pubescent ; leaves 6-18” (usually 1’) long, 4” wide,
numerous, sub-2-rowed, spreading, straight or curved and rather rigid, flat-
tened, contracted and somewhat twisted above the rounded base,
and sub-carinate beneath, obtuse or acutish ; sterile aments 6-8" long, approx-
imate, the anther-crests short-lanceolate, erect; fertile aments purple, the

sulcate above
CATALOGUE. 335.

lobed foliaceous bracts long-exserted, usually reflexed ; cones 14-4! long, 1-13’
wide, somewhat clustered, pendulous, obtusish, scales concave, rounded,
entire, pubescent; bracts long-exserted, bifid, the acuminate suberose-dentate
lobes shorter than the cuspidate midnerve; seed 3” long, acutely margined, a
little shorter than the oblong obtuse wing —Bark rather thin, ash or reddish-
gray; wood coarse-grained, but tough and hard. From Washington Territory
to Southern California, and in the Rocky Mountains to Colorado and New
Mexico. In the Uintas; 7-9,000 feet altitude; known as “ Bear River” or
“Swamp Pine.” (1,118.) .

Lisoceprus* pecurrens, Torr. DC. Prodr. 16. 2. 456. Tall, with
spreading branches and green flattened distichous alternate glabrous branch-
lets; leaves 1-5” long, adnate, the ovate sharp-mucronate apex only free,
the marginal leaves scarcely longer; sterile aments 2-24” long, oval, erect,
anthers 3, with rounded subentire crests ; cones 8-12” long, erect or pendent,
ovate-oblong, cinnamon-color ; scales 6, the lower usually very much shorter,
ovate or oblong, rounded at the apex, the middle pair 38-5” wide, oblong, con-
vex, equaling the narrowly linear upper ones; seed 4-6” long, oblong, wings
often confluent, very narrow on the outer margin, obtuse, equaling the scales. —
California and Southern Oregon, especially in the Sierras. Washoe Moun-
tains, above Carson City, Nevada; 7,000 feet altitude. (1,119.)

JUNIPERUS ComMuNIS, L., Var. aupina, L. From Maine and the Great
Lakes throughout Northern America to the Arctic Ocean and Greenland;
southward in the mountains to Washington Territory and Colorado. East
Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 9-10,000 feet altitude. As is often the case
the leaves appear decurrent on the stem below the articulation, bearing con-
spicuous vesicles filled with resin. (1,120.)

JuxiIperus Vireiniana, L. From Florida to California, and northward
to Canada, the Saskatchewan and Oregon. Rare in the Hast Humboldt

 

1LIBOCEDRUS, Envi. Flowers monecious on different branches, sometimes diecious. Aments
solitary, terminal; sterile ones cylindric, or ovate and subtetragonal. Stamens decussately opposite,
with subpeltate crests, and each with 3-4 longitudinally dehiscent anthers on the dorsal side. Fertile
aments bracteate, with 4-6 decussately opposite erect scales, the lower pair usually sterile, the third when
present connate into a longitudinal septum. Ovules 2, flask-shaped. Cone ripening the first year; scales
subwoody, mucronate below the apex, erect, at length spreading. Seeds in pairs or solitary, erect, oblong,
the membranous wing nearly equaling the scales, inequilateral. Embryo axial and as long as the fleshy
albumen ; cotyledons 2; radicle cylindric, superior.—Evergreens, with smooth bark and light-colored
close-grained wood; branches scattered ; leaves decussately opposite, imbricated by fours and scale-like,
dissimilar, the facial ones smaller, flat and appressed, often glandulose, the marginal ones bract-like and
carinate, glandless.
336 BOTANY.

Mountains, Nevada; also found in the Raft River Mountains, and frequent in
the Wahsatch ; 6,000 feet altitude. (1,121.)

JUNIPERUS OCCIDENTALIS, Hook. Jv. Bor. Amer. 2.166. DC. Prodr.
16. 2.489. A moneecious spreading shrub or tree, 10—40° high, with loose
reddish bark, the branches scattered, spreading, horizontal, or drooping ;
branchlets terete, covered with leaves; leaves in threes, scale-like, closely
imbricate and appressed, ovate, acute, convex on the back and marked
between the middle and the base with an oblong gland, finally on the older
branchlets becoming somewhat free and slightly spreading with an acute
mucronate subpungent apex, (on rapidly growing shoots often less crowded,
decurrent at base, the apex free and pungently long-acuminate;) sterile
aments 2-8” long, erect, oval, rounded or subquadrangular, scales orbicular,
rather flat on the back and glandular, entire; fruit erect on short branchlets,
solitary, numerous, oval or obovate-globose, rather large (4-5” in diameter, )
green and glaucous, becoming reddish-brown, of 6 or rarely 9 scales, with a
short obtuse somewhat spreading or reflexed apex; seeds 2—1, ovate, acutish,
pale and somewhat shining, 2-3 times larger than in J. Virginiana—Wood
white, the innermost heart-wood red. From Western Texas to California and
Oregon. Abundant throughout Nevada, though rarely over 10 or 15° high,
sometimes 1° or more in thickness at base ; not seen in Utah, nor is it reported
from Colorado; 4,500-7,000 feet altitude. These three species probably
include all the forms found west of the Mississippi. (1,122.)

LEMNACEZ.

Lemna trisutca, L. Northern States and Canada; the Saskatchewan
region; California; New Mexico. Nevada and in the Uintas; 5,500-6,000
feet altitude. Minutely puberulent and. occasionally with short scattered
hairs above; mostly rootless, sterile. (1,123.)

Lemna Vaupesrana, (?) (L. Torreyi, Aust.) Perhaps a thick and root-
less form; found growing with the last at Summit Springs, near Battle Mount-
ain, Nevada; 5,500 feet altitude; June. Barren. (1,124)

Lemya minor, L. From Florida to Canada and westward; Arkansas;
California; Arizona. Truckee and Goose Creek Valleys, Nevada; 4—6,000
feet altitude. July, in flower; September. (1,125.)

Lemya potyrraiza, L. From Florida to New England and the Sas-
katchewan; Arkansas; Texas. Truckee River, Nevada; 4,000 feet altitude ;
barren. (1,126.)
CATALOGUE, 337
TYPHACEZ.

TypHa tatirouia, L. From Florida to Canada, northward to the Arctic
Circle and west to Oregon and California. Frequent in Humboldt Valley,
Nevada, and in Salt Lake Valley; 4,500 feet altitude. (1,127.)

SPARGANIUM EURYCARPUM, Eng. From New England and Pennsylvania
to Canada, Great Slave Lake and the Missouri River. On the Humboldt
River, Nevada, and on the Jordan, Utah; 4~4,500 feet altitude. (1,128.)

SPARGANIUM MINIMUM, Bauh. From Northern New England, Pennsyl-
vania and Wisconsin to Canada, Newfoundland and Labrador; in the Rocky
Mountains, latitude 58°, (Drummond;) Unalaska and Behring Strait. Bear
River Cafion, Uintas; 8-10,000 feet altitude; August. (1,129.)

NATADACE.

ZANNICHELLIA PALUSTRIS, L. From Western Florida to New York,
Ohio and the Saskatchewan; on ‘the Plains,” (Hall;) from Western Texas
to Sonora, and northward on the Pacific Coast to the Columbia. Found in
Parley’s Park in the Wahsatch; 6,000 feet altitude; July. (1,130.)

Poramoceton’ natans, L. Common in the Northern States and to Can-
ada, Hudson’s Bay, Minnesota and the Saskatchewan; reported also from
Arkansas, Texas, Northern Mexico, Northern California and Sitka. Col-
lected in Ruby Lake, Nevada, and in Weber River, Utah; 6,000 feet alti-
tude; August. (1,131.)

PoraMoGeTON RUFESCENS, Schrad. From New England to Pennsylva-
nia and Illinois and northward to Hudson’s Bay; Unalaska. Found (the
submersed form) in the Uinta Mountains, on Bear River; 8,000 feet altitude ;
August, scarcely in flower. (1,132.) |

PoTaMoGETON LoNcHITES, Tuck. New England to Illinois; Texas,
(Drummond.) Humboldt Pass, Nevada, near the head of Humboldt River ;
6,000 feet altitude; September, scarcely out of flower. (1,133.)

Poramoceton Graminevs, L., Var. HETEROPHYLLUS, Fries. North Car-
olina, and common northward to Canada, Hudson’s Bay and the Saskat-
chewan; Arkansas, (Nuttall.) Ruby Lake, Nevada; 6,000 feet altitude ;
August, in flower. (1,134.)

Poramogeton PerFouiatus, L., Var. panceoLatTus, Robbins. The spe-

 

‘The determinations and notes under this genus are due to Dr. J. W. RoBBINS.
43
338 BOTANY.

cies ranges from Florida to Canada and the Slave River; the variety occur-
ring along the Great Lakes. On the Truckee River, Nevada; 4,000 feet
altitude; July, in flower. (1,135.)

PoraMoGETon PusiLLus, L., Var. vutearis, Fries. (?) Differing from
the ordinary form, especially in the revolute and consequently subulate form
of the leaves produced by desiccation, resembling in this respect P. cespitosus,
Nolte. The species is reported from the Northern States to Canada, Hud-
son’s Bay and the Saskatchewan. Bear River, in the Uintas; 8,000 feet
altitude; August, in fruit. (1,136.)

Subvar. InrERRUPTUS, Robbins. Leaves less rigid and taper than in the
last, and with the midrib veiny. Parley’s Park in the Wahsatch; 6,000 feet
altitude; July, in flower and fruit. (1,137.)

PoraMoGEetTon PEcTInatus, L. The typical form; the apex of the em-
bryo little incurved. Western Florida and along the coast northward; from
Lake Champlain to Wisconsin, through Canada to Hudson’s Bay, and west-
ward to the Rocky Mountains, (Drummond;) Oregon, (Scouler;) Colorado;
California; New Mexico (Wright) and Sonora. In still brackish water in
Thousand Spring Valley, Nevada; 6,000 feet altitude; September, in fruit.
(1,138.) A doubtful form, the whole plant and especially the peduncles un-
usually slender, was also found in the Humboldt River, near its sink, in brack-
ish running water; 4,000 feet altitude; August, scarcely in flower. (1,139.)

Var. With sparse long and rather broad (3”) leaves. In a cold fresh-
water stream in Ruby Valley, Nevada; 6,000 feet altitude; July, with imma-
ture fruit. (1,140.)

Var. Leaves 3-nerved, still broader and longer, intermediate between
the last form and the following one. In the Lower Humboldt River, with
the doubtful form above; barren stems. (1,141.)

Var. (?) LatiFoLius, Robbins. Stem thicker; leaves numerous, short
(1-2',) flat, broad (1-2",) 8-5-nerved, reticulate with many cross-veins, older
ones obtuse, the younger acute or acuminate; sheaths large, many-nerved,
with scarious margins; stipules scarious, obtuse, shorter than the sheaths ;
peduncles short (1-3';) fruit slightly smaller, somewhat corrugated when
dry ; style long; embryo more incurved.—Agreeing sufficiently well with the
brief specific character given by Fries to his P. zosteraceus, but it differs es-
sentially from parts of his detailed description, (“Planta ingens longissima ;
folia siccata nigrescentia; ligula elongata demum fissa; pedunculus longissi-
CATALOGUE. 339

mus, (spike 8-10’ long, Reich.,) verticillis longe distantibus,”) and from Reich-
enbach’s figure. Its habitat, moreover—in alto maris,” Sweden—renders
its identity with our plant improbable. On the other hand, some of the
broader leaved forms from our Great Lakes, to which the first variety above
closely approximates, and especially the last variety by its 3-nerved leaves,
seem to indicate a transition from the narrow-leaved typical form of P. pecti-
natus to the present plant. Found in the running brackish waters of
Humboldt River below Humboldt Lake; 4,000 feet altitude; August, in
fruit. (1,142.)

PotamocEeTON marinus, L. Resembling P. pectinatus, but with the
much smaller fruit obovate-subglobose, corrugated when dry, not keeled upon
the broad-rounded back, crowned with a broad sessile stigma. (Koch.)—
Central Europe, mostly in sea-water. Var. (?) occmentauis, Robbins.
Stems 22° long, slender, branching, less leafy than in P. pectinatus ; leaves
flat or canuliculate, the larger 4” broad and 3’ long, 1-nerved with few trans-
verse veins, obtuse, the smaller nearly setaceous; larger sheaths about 1’
long, with few nerves; stipules white-scarious, as long as the sheaths; pedun-
cles filiform, sometimes 6’ long; spikes interrupted, with about 4-6 flowers ;
fruit minute, roundish-obovate and with a sessile subapical stigma, the de-
nuded nutlet with its keels more distinct, the sides uneven by a central ele-
vation partially surrounded by a shallow depression, which is margined by the
raised lateral keel; embryo forming a large circle, its apex directed toward
its base—Approaching P. pectinatus in habit and differing widely from the
small Linnean form of P. marinus, (P. filiformis, Nolte.) But the fruit,
while scarcely one-fifth as large as that of the former, is in size and form like
that of the latter except in its more acute keel and uneven sides. Found in
the fresh waters of Ruby Lake, Nevada, with P. natans and P. gramineus ;
6,000 feet altitude; August, in fruit. (1,143.) Specimens with immature
fruit collected in the Uintas, near the head of Bear River, probably belong
to the same form; in fresh water at 8,000 feet altitude; August. (1,144.)

Also very early specimens collected with P. perfoliatus in fresh water in
the Truckee Pass, Nevada, may belong here rather than with P. pectinatus,
though with thickish spikes; 4,000 feet altitude; July. About 3° long,
with longer leaves sometimes 9 in length, and with marginal nerves, on close
long (1-2') sheaths, and with shorter (2’) peduncles, and spikes of 8-10
flowers. (1,145.) A very attenuated delicate form, not yet in flower, col-
340 BOTANY.

lected in the brackish waters of the Lower Humboldt, with P. pectinatus ?
(1,139 and 1,141,) may also rather belong here; August. (1,146.)

ALISMACE.

TRIGLOCHIN PALUSTRE, L. From New York and Pennsylvania to Ili-
nois; Labrador; on the Saskatchewan; Colorado, (Hall & Harbour ;) Sitka.
Jordan Valley, near Salt Lake City. (1,147.)

TRIGLOCHIN MARITIMUM, L. Northern States to Labrador and the Arctic
Circle, and westward to Sitka, Oregon and California, Utah and Colorado.
Frequent in alkaline and saline marshes and meadows through Nevada and
Utah; May-July. 1-3° high; capsules varying from oval to narrow-oblong,.
more or less winged. (1,148.)

Autsma Puantaco, L., Var. Amertcanum, Gray. From Georgia to
Canada and the Saskatchewan, westward to Arkansas and the base of the
Rocky Mountains; Northern California to Washington Territory. On the
Truckee River. (1,149.)

Var. With very narrow leaves, 3-6” wide, attenuate at base into a peti-
ole 4-6’ long. (1,150.)

Sacrrrarta vaRiABiiis, Eng. From Newfoundland to Florida and west
to Texas, New Mexico, Northern California and the Saskatchewan. On the
Truckee River and Lake Washoe, Nevada, and in Salt Lake Valley. Uni-
formly with broad sagittate leaves, 2-6’ long, the width equaling half the length
or more. (1,151.)

ORCHIDACEZ.

HABENARIA HYPERBOREA, Br. From the northern Border States and
Canada to Greenland, the Arctic Circle and Unalaska, in the Saskatchewan
region and Washington Territory, and southward in the mountains to Califor-
nia (?) and Colorado. Ruby Valley, Nevada, and in cafions of the Wahsatch
and Uintas; 4,500-8,000 feet altitude; July, August. 1-3° high; spikes
usually rather loosely flowered, 4-18’ long; flowers smaller than in any of
the allied species, more or less greenish, the posterior sepal somewhat hooded
at the apex, broadly ovate, 12-2” long, 1-14” broad; lateral sepals somewhat
longer and narrower, 2~23” long, 3-1” wide; petals smaller, 14-2” long,
2-2” wide; lip narrow-oblong, usually but slightly broader toward the base,
2-3” long, 1" broad; spur 2-3” long. (1,152.)

HABENARIA DILATATA, Gray. Very near the last, but probably distinct ;
CATALOGUE. 8341

habitat the same. Found in the Toyabe, East Humboldt and Clover Mount-
ains, Nevada; 6—9,000 feet altitude; July-September. Height and habit
much as in the last ; flowers somewhat larger, nearly white; posterior sepal
not at all hooded, (2 by 12”;) lateral sepals and petals 24” long by 1” wide;
lip somewhat broadest toward the base, 3” long, 1” wide; spur 3-4”
long. (1,153.)

Var. Flowers larger and spur much elongated; posterior sepal 24 by
12”, lateral ones and petals 2-3” long by 1-14” wide; lip 4” long, usually au-
riculate at base, occasionally oblong, (2” wide;) spur 6” long—TIn the East
Humboldt Mountains and in the Wahsatch; 6-7,000 feet altitude. (1,154.)

HapenaRiA Fa:TIpA. (Platanthera, Gey. Ms.) Slender, 8-18’ high,
glabrous; leaves 3-4, sheathing the base of the stem, 3-7’ long, oblong or
narrow-lanceolate, subacute ; stem with a few scattered small oblong-lanceo-
late acuminate bract-like leaflets; spike elongated, 4-8’ long, loosely-flowered ;
bracts ovate, subacute, rather shorter than the ovary; flowers white, small;
sepals 1-13” long, oblong-obtuse, 1-nerved, spreading; petals and lip some-
what fleshy, the former oblanceolate, obtusish, the latter oblong, entire; spur
1-13” long, shorter than the ovary; anther-cells adnate, diverging, broad and
obtuse at base—534 Geyer, and also collected by Lyall in the Cascade
Mountains, 1859, and on the West Kootanie, 1861. . elegans differs espe-
cially in its much denser spike and much longer filiform spur. Wahsatch and
Uintas; 89,000 feet altitude; July, August. (1,155.)

SprRANTHES RoMANZOFFIANA, Cham. From Maine and Canada to Lake
Superior, the Saskatchewan and Washington Territory, northward to Una-
laska and south to California and Colorado; collected by Torrey near Lake
Washoe, Nevada. East’ Humboldt Mountains and Uintas; 6-8,000 feet alti-
tude; July-September. (1,156.)

LISTERA CONVALLARIOIDES, Hook. Maine to Pennsylvania and Lake
Superior, Canada, and west to the Rocky Mountains; Unalaska. East Hum-
boldt Mountains; 7,000 feet altitude; August. (1,157.)

Eprpactis? GIGANTEA, Dougl. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2. 202, ¢. 202.

 

1EPIPACTIS, Hatz. Flowers pedicelled. Sepals and petals spreading, similar, nearly equal. Lip
oblong, free, interrupted, the upper portion concave and fleshy, the lower petaloid, dilated, undivided,
callous at base. Column terete or flattened anteriorly, straight, fleshy ; stigma square, projecting down-
ward. Anthers posterior, cordate, pointless, seated upon the truncate apiculate stigma. Pollen-masses
powdery, 2-parted, narrowed at the apex.—Herbs, with a subterranean creeping rootstock; leaves plicate,
cucullate at base; flowers loosely spicate, semi-herbaceous, usually purplish, pubescent,
342 BOTANY.

Tall, 2-3° high, leafy ; leaves ovate- or narrow-lanceolate, 5-8’ long, scabrous
on the margin, the lower sheathing and very obtuse, the others long-acumi-
nate ; flowers greenish-brown, solitary, axillary, nodding, the lip, sepals and
petals all acuminate——Washington Territory and Idaho to California, New
Mexico and Western Texas, (Wright;) near Carson City, Nevada, (10 Ander-
son.) Shore of Soda Lake in Carson Desert; 4,000 feet altitude; Au-
gust. (1,158.)

CoRALLORHIZA MULTIFLORA, Nutt. Northern States and Canada, and
on the Western Coast from Washington Territory to California. Found in
the Wahsatch above Parley’s Park, rare; 7,000 feet altitude; July. Sepals
and petals strongly veined; middle lobe of the purplish lip broad and rounded,
twice longer than the subacute lateral ones. (1,159.)

IRIDACEZ.

Iris Totmreana, Herb. Bot. Beechey, 1. 396. Stem tall, 1-2° high,
slender, solid, terete, naked or with a single leaf near the base, simple, 2—4-
flowered ; leaves narrow, 3” wide, erect, acute, purple at base, shorter than
the stem or about equaling it; spathe 2-valved, acute, 2’ long; flowers on
slender peduncles, 4-2’ long, pale-blue, beardless and crestless; tube short
(3-4) above a very short (1”) solid base; sepals 23’ long, exceeding the (2’)
petals; stigmas 2-lobed, somewhat dentate at apex, shorter than the petals;
capsule oblong, 14’ long, 3’ wide, hexagonal—On the Willamette, Oregon,
(Tolmie ;) Northern California, (? Newberry ;) also Ruby Valley, Nevada,
(Beckwith,) referred to I. longipetala. Rather frequent in the high valleys
from the Pah-Ute to the East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 6,000 feet alti-
tude; June-August. (1,160.)

Sisyrincuium Bermupiana, L. Varying from Var. anceps to mucrona-
‘um, the two forms sometimes collected together ; stems 4-15’ high; perianth
3-6” long. Throughout the United States and north to the Arctic Circle.
Collected by Anderson near Carson City, and not rare, especially in high valleys,
from the Shoshone and Toyabe Mountains eastward to the Wahsatch and
Uintas ; 4,500-8,000 feet altitude; May-August. (1,161.)

SISYRINCHIUM GRANDIFLORUM, Dougl. Stem 8-18’ high, strict, com-
pressed, longer than the erect sheathing leaves; spathe 1-3-flowered, about
equaling the often nodding peduncles ; perianth large, 6-10” long, bright-
purple, broadly campanulate; filaments very long, subulate, connate only at
CATALOGUE. 343

the contracted base, erect, at length spreading—Washington Territory to
Northern California. Collected by Beckwith in the Stage Pass of the East
Humboldt Mountains, Nevada.

LILIACEZ.

ZIGADENUS GLAucUS, Nutt. From Northern New York, the Great Lakes
and Upper Canada to the Saskatchewan, Great Bear Lake and Behring Strait,
and southward in the mountains to California, Colorado and New Mexico,
(Fendler.) In Ruby and Huntington Valleys and in the East Humboldt and
Uinta Mountains; 6-9,000 feet altitude; August. Only a slender form,
1-2° high, with a loose few-flowered somewhat panicled raceme, the leaves
narrow, not exceeding 3” wide; sepals 3~4” in length, 13-2” wide. (1,162.)

ZiGADENUS FRremontu, Torr. (Anticlea, Torr. Pac. R. R. Surv. 4. 149.
Z. Douglasii, Torr. Pac. R. R. Surv. 7. 20.) Collected by Frémont on the
Uinta River, Utah, and found from California to Washington Territory.
Scarcely distinguishable from the last, except by its more obscure gland occu-
pying the base of the petal and extending upward along the nerves, but not
so far as the well-defined 2-lobed summit of the gland in Z. glaucus.

ZicaDENUS Nurrauuu, Gray. (Amianthium Nuttallit, Gray, Var. «.
Ann. N. Y. Lyc. 4. 123.) Bulb tunicated; stem 8-20’ high, slender, with
several elongated narrowly linear bracteiform leaves, which are semi-amplex-
icaul or the lower slightly sheathing; lower leaves 2-4” wide, folded-cari-
nate, usually shorter than the stem, rough on the margin; raceme simple,
usually very short, 1-3’ long, rarely 10’; flowers crowded, bracteate, on
slender elongated pedicels; lower bracts usually foliaceous, the upper mem-
branous; sepals 13-3” long, ovate-elliptical, very obtuse, abruptly narrowed
and slightly glandular at base; ovary-cells 12-14-ovuled; capsule oblong-
ovate, 6” long; seeds 24” long, oblong—Always growing in meadows or on
stream-banks, the raceme always simple. Bulb about # in diameter or
larger; coatings often marked by numerous white raphides. From Arkansas
and Texas to California and Oregon. Havallah and Battle Mountains and
Ruby Valley, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch; 6,000 feet altitude; flowering
late in June and in July. (1,163.)

ZIGADENUS PANICULATUS. (Helonias, Nutt. Amianthium Nuttallii, Gray,
Var. g., 7c.) Stem rather stout, 15~30’ high, somewhat leafy; leaves sheath-
344 BOTANY.

ing at base, (even the 1-2 uppermost bract-like ones,) broad-linear, 4-8’
wide, rough-margined and roughish-puberulent on both sides, folded-carinate
and mostly faleate; raceme panicled, many-flowered, the lower branches
spreading, short, the terminal ones elongated, (3-10';) flowers on slender
pedicels, often sterile and short-pedicelled in the lower racemes ; bracts mem-
branous; sepals 1-2” long, oblong, abruptly somewhat narrowed at base, the
rather broad claw green and glandular ; ovary-cells about 10-ovuled ; capsule
oblong-ovate or oblong, $1’ long; seeds 3-5” long, oblong —An examina-
tion of numerous specimens leaves no doubt of the distinctness of these two
species. Bulb as in the last, but usually larger, the whole plant stout, grow-
ing on dry foot-hills, and in flower a month earlier. The root of neither spe-
cies is eaten by the Indians. Oregon and Washington Territory. Frequent
on the foot-hills of the Virginia, Trinity and West Humboldt Mountains, Ne-
vada, and in the Wahsatch; 5-6,000 feet altitude; May, June. (1,164.)

VeERATRUM ALBUM, L. Raceme panicled, pubescent; bracts at the base
of the branches oblong; pedicels much shorter than the calyx; sepals oblong,
‘rather.obtuse, somewhat fimbriate-denticulate, spreading ; leaves plicate, the
lower elliptical —F lowers numerous in a rather close strict panicle, ochroleu-
cous with a darker green or brownish base; segments 4-5” long, oblong,
attenuate at base; branchlets of the panicle tomentose; leaves varying from
lanceolate to nearly orbicular; 3-5° high. Collected by Parry in the Middle
Park, Colorado, and by Anderson (105) near Carson City, Nevada. The
specimens of Wright’s collection from Ochotsk Sea are somewhat less tomen-
tose and the sepals more deeply denticulate. V. Californicum, Dur., is only
rather more loosely panicled. The Oregon and Alaska form has greenish
flowers, with the branches of the panicle elongated and drooping, and is v.
Eschscholtzii, Gray, and nearly V. Lobelianum, Banks., which is V. album, 8.,
Cham. & Ledeb. The eastern V. viride seems to differ only in the green
herbaceous perianth, the segments perhaps rather less attenuate at base,
the panicle more open and with longer branches. East Humboldt Mount-
ains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch; 6-9,000 feet altitude; June-Septem-
ber. (1,165.)

ProsarTES* TRACHYCARPA. Stem 1-12° high, glabrous or pubescent;

 

'The characters of the fruit aid much in determining the species of this somewhat confused
genus. Most of the western forms have been referred to P. Hookeri, Torr. This species is more or less
roughish-pubescent, the leaves deeply cordate and clasping, very scabrous upon the margin; flowers
greenish, usually truncate at base, the sepals broad-lanceolate and rather obtuse, about equaling the
CATALOGUE. 345

branches 1-3- (usually 2-) flowered; leaves 2-4! long, 14-2’ broad, ovate,
acute or subacuminate, obliquely subcordate at base, more or less clasping or
often scarcely sessile, not punctate, glabrous or subpubescent, scarcely scabrous
upon the margin or somewhat ciliate; perianth nearly white, subacute at
base; sepals 3-6” long, narrowly lanceolate, acute, but slightly glandular or
gibbous at base; stamens about equaling the sepals, anthers linear-oblong,
glabrous, 14” long, or sometimes but 4” long and upon much shorter filaments;
style glabrous, deeply 3-cleft or rarely nearly entire; ovary rounded; ovules
4-6 in each cell; berry 4-6" in diameter, light-red, subglobose-triangular,
depressed and strongly 3-lobed, 8-12-seeded, rough-papillose—The ovules
are funiculated, horizontal or subascending. Collected by Parry in Colorado,
(1862,) by Lyall in Washington Territory, and also by Wilkes (616, in part.)
Wahsatch and Uintas; 6-9,000 feet altitude; May—August. (1,166.)
STREPTOPUS AMPLEXIFOLIUS, DC. Pennsylvania and northward to New-
foundland, Labrador, Hudson’s Bay and the Saskatchewan; on the western
coast from Sitka to Washington Territory, and in the Rocky Mountains to
New Mexico. Wahsatch and Uintas; 8-9,000 feet altitude; July. (1,167.)
Sminacina RaAcEMOSA, Desf., Var. amptexicauLis. (S. amplexicaulis,
Nutt. Jour. Acad. Phil. 7. 58.) Leaves closely sessile and amplexicaul,
shortly acuminate or only acute ; style at least half as long as the ovary and
equaling the stamens.—Distinguished at once from the usual form by its less
acuminate séssile leaves and longer style and filaments. It is 2012 Hartweg
and 353 Bridges from California, and 845 Fendler from New Mexico; col-
lected also by Wyeth and Lyall in Oregon and Washington Territory and by
Bourgeau in the Rocky Mountains. 728 Coulter from California, Lyall’s speci-
mens from Lower Fraser River and Bourgeau’s from the Winnipeg are the
typical form, which extends southward to Southern California, New Mexico,
and the upper districts of the Gulf States. Clover Mountains, Nevada, and
the Wahsatch ; 6—7,000 feet altitude; May—September. (1,168.)
SMILACINA STELLATA, Desf. Northern States, Labrador, Canada, and
west to the Saskatchewan and Washington Territory ; south to California

 

stamens; style entire; fruit 3-4” in diameter, globose-triangular, with a very short obtuse beak, glab-
rous, the cells 2-sceded.

P. trachyandra, Torr., collected only in flower, has the anthers slightly pubescent, the style
entire, and ovary smooth. Fruiting specimens from Mendocino County, California, (Kellogg,) are prob<
ably the same ; stem pubescent; leaves sessile, slightly cordate, long-acuminate, dark-green and shining,
margins smooth; fruit smooth, 4-8’ long, ovate, short-attenuate at each end and somewhat beaked
above ; cells 2-4-seeded.—There are other undescribed Californian species.

44
346 ’ BOTANY.

and in the mountains to Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona. On the banks
of the Truckee and in mountain cafions of Nevada and the Wahsatch ;
4 7,000 feet altitude; May-October. 1-34° high, the larger specimens
with leaves 8’ long and 13’ wide; berries 3-5” in diameter. (1,169.)

PoLygonaTuM GIGANTEUM, Dietr. Northern States; on the Winnipeg
and Saskatchewan; Montana, (Suckley;) also collected by Stansbury, but
the locality uncertain.

Liium parvum, Kell. Trans. Calf. Acad. 2. 179, ¢.52. Stem 14-22°
high ; lower leaves verticillate, the upper scattered, 2-3’ long, lanceolate,
acute or acuminate, 3-nerved, somewhat roughened beneath and upon the
margin; the ciliate bracts 5-7-nerved; flowers rather small, verticillate by
threes and alternate above, long-peduncled, erect or suberect, oblong-cam-
panulate, the sessile sepals 1-14’ long, revolute above the middle, red and
somewhat spotted—California and Nevada, (Dorr.) Specimens in Herb.
Gray., which probably belong to this species, (10 Anderson from near Carson
City, 526 Torrey from Donner Pass, and 351 Bridges from California,) are
perfectly smooth, the stems 1-25-flowered, the flowers all scattered (or the
lowermost subverticillate) and each peduncle subtended by a single bract. It
should probably be considered but a variety of L. Canadense, which appears
to assume several forms upon the western coast.

FRITILLARIA’ ATROPURPUREA, Nutt. Jour. Acad. Phil.7.54. Stem 4’-2°
high, from a flat circular bulbiferous root, 1-9-flowered; leaves linear, 12-4’
long, 1-2” wide, scattered or the lower ones rarely in a whorl, obtuse or
acute; flowers on 2’ peduncles, dark-brown, variegated with greenish-white
or yellow ; sepals 5-9” long, subrhombric-lanceolate and spreading; filaments
filiform ; anthers oblong; stigmas widely recurved ; capsule 6-12” long, 5-9”
in diameter, hexagonal and 6-winged, truncate above and abruptly narrowed
at base; seeds very numerous.—Stem and leaves usually tinged with brown

 

1FRITILLARIA, Tourn. Perianth regular, deciduous, of six distinct subequal sepals, campanu-
late-connivent, with an immarginate narrow nectariferous gland above the base of each. Filaments 6,
subulate-filiform, adherent to the sepals only at base, subhypogynous. Anthers linear-oblong, attached
anteriorly above the base to the filament, versatile, dehiscing longitudinally on the inner side. Ovary
free, sessile, triangular, 3-celled ; ovules numerous, in two rows, horizontal, anatropous. Style subcla-
vately thickened at the apex, deciduous. Stigma trifid, (entire in J. pudica,) with linear canaliculately
folded obtuse lobes. Capsule obtusely triangular, (6-angled in F. Kamtschatcensis, 6-winged in F. lanee-
olata and atropurpurea,) coriaceous, loculicidally 3-valved, without central columns and the valves
introrsely ciliate on the margin. Seeds flat, broadly half-obovate, widely margined, cinnamon-brown,
the thin membranous testa adherent to the albumen. Embryo very minute, oblong, straight.—Bulbous

herbs, with simple leafy stems, racemosely 1-many-flowered; leaves sessile; flowers nodding, mostly
tessellately variegated.
CATALOGUE. 347

or purple. Collected by Wyeth in Montana. Frequent in the mountains
through Nevada and in the Wahsatch; 5-9,500 feet altitude; May—Au-
gust. (1,170.)

FRITILLARIA PuDICA, Spreng. System. 2. 64, Stem 3-8’ high, from
a flattened disk-like bulbiferous corm, 1-6-flowered ; leaves linear, 14-4’
long, 2-3” wide, obtuse, scattered; flowers deep-yellow, campanulate, often
solitary, on rather long nodding peduncles, erect in fruit; sepals 5-9’ long,
obovate-spatulate, sessile, the gland usually obscure; stigma entire ; capsule
8-12" long, oblong or subglobose, truncate above, abruptly narrowed at base ;
seeds very numerous.—From Washington Territory and Oregon to Montana
and Utah. Washoe Mountains, near Carson City, Nevada, and in the Wah-
satch ; 56,000 feet altitude; April, May. (1,171.)

Catocnortus* Nurrauuu, T.& G. Pac. R. R. Surv. 2, (Bot. Beck-
with’s Rep.,) p. 124. Stem 6-20’ high, simple, 1-4-flowered, with 1-3 nar-
rowly linear revolute leaves, 2-4’ long, the radical ones (1-few) longer
(8-12’) and usually broader, (4”;) flowers on peduncles 14-2’ long, ina
terminal umbel, with an involucre of two or more sheathing leaf-like
bracts; outer segments ovate-lanceolate, greenish with a scarious margin,
often slightly colored and bearded within, and frequently nearly as long as
the inner,. which are dilated, (14-2’ long, 9-18” wide,) obovate-cuneate,
rounded-obtuse or abruptly pointed, white above with a tinge of green or
purple, a small purple spot below the center, yellow and usually slightly
bearded with long hairs toward the base around an oval or oblong gland,
which is densely tufted with short hairs; anthers linear-oblong, 4” long,
obtuse, equaling the rather narrow filaments; mature capsule long-oblong,
1-2 long, 3-4” wide, very obtusely triangular, tapering upward.—From
Idaho and Western Montana to Utah and Northern California. Frequent
on the foot-hills through Nevada and Utah; 4,500-6,000 feet altitude ;
May-July. The ‘‘Sego” of the Utes and Mormons. (1,172.)

1CALOCHORTUS, Pursu. (Including Cyclobothra, Sweet.) Perianth 6-parted, regular, deciduous,
ventricose or broadly campanulate; sepals distinct, convolute in xstivation, the outer smaller, often
greenish, oblong or lanceolate, acute or acuminate, spreading, usually beardless, the inner broadly obo-
vate, cuneate and subunguiculate, bearded within and with a glabrous spot or nectariferous pit above
the base. Stamens 6, inserted at the base of the sepals. Filaments subulate. Anthers linear-oblong,
deeply perforated at the base for the insertion of the filament, erect, versatile. Ovary free, triangular,
scarcely attenuate at the apex, 3-celled, with numerous horizontal anatropous ovules in two rows. Stig-
mas 3, sessile or subsessile, narrow, folded, recurved, persistent. Capsule triangular, coriaceous-charta-
ceous, septicidally 3-valved. Seeds usually in one row, somewhat compressed, angular, with a loose cellu-
lar testa. Embryo straight, terete, eccentric.—Herbs, with tunicated bulbs, erect somewhat branched
leafy few-flowered stems, narrow and acuminate leaves, and terminal flowers.

 
348 BOTANY.

CanoctiorTus EURYcaRPUS. Capsule 10” long, 6” broad, ovate, broadly
winged; seeds in two rows; otherwise like the last—East Humboldt Mount-
ains, Nevada; 7-9,500 feet altitude; August. The characters of the pod
and the altitude of the localities indicate a distinct species, but there is noth-
ing whatever in the flower or habit to separate it from the last; where the
ovary is young the two are indistinguishable. (1,173.)

CaLocnortus Gunnisont. (C. venustus, Var. %, Torr. Bot. Gunni-
son’s Rep., Pac. R. R. Surv. 2.130.) Habit as in the last; petals rounded
at the apex, white above, yellowish-green below the middle and dark-purple
at base, strongly bearded with longish gland-tipped hairs, which are also dark-
purple at base, the densely hairy gland transverse and occupying nearly the
whole width of the petal; anthers 5” long, rather exceeding the somewhat

dilated filaments, oblong-lanceolate, subcordate at base, narrowed above into
an awn-like termination or acute; immature capsule narrowly oblong, atten-
uate above—Rocky Mountains of Colorado. Collected also in Utah by
Gunnison.

Luoyp1a! seroTina, Reich. Kunth’s Enum, 4. 244. Stem 1- (rarely
2-) flowered, slender, erect or ascending, 2-5’ high ; radical leaves filiform,
equaling or exceeding the stem, triangular, semi-terete or teretish, the cau-
line ones short and diminishing upward, linear-lanceolate, amplexicaul or
somewhat sheathing; sepals 4-5’’ long, obovate, with three purplish lines.—
Arctic Coast and Unalaska; Rocky Mountains of Colorado. East Humboldt
and Clover Mountains, Nevada; 10,000 feet altitude; August, September.
The present specimens, like those from Colorado, resemble Var. ¢., R. & S.,
from Unalaska, in their somewhat rigid leaves and in the rounded apex of the
sepals. (1,174.)

_ Eryrsroyium eranpirtorum, Pursh. Flora, 1. 231. (E. giganteum,
Lindl.) Leaves 4-8’ long, 1-22’ wide, oblong or elliptic-lanceolate, some-
what rough-margined, not spotted nor punctate; scape 6-15’ high, 1-10-flow-
ered, peduncles racemed or subumbeled; segments yellow, 9-15” long,

 

VLLOYDIA, Sais. Perianth 6-parted, regular, persistent; sepals distinct, subequal, spreading,
with a transverse margined nectariferous fold above the base, imbricate in estivation. Stamens 6,
inserted at the base of the sepals, erect-spreading ; filaments subulate-filiform ; anthers oblong, rounded
at apex, deeply perforated at the emarginate base for the insertion of the filament, erect, versatile, longi-
tudinally dehiscent along each margin. Ovary free, clavate-oblong, triangular, 3-celled, the ovules
numerous, in two rows, horizontal, anatropous. Style persistent; stigma rather thick, shortly 3-lobed.
Capsule obovate-elliptical, triangular, papyraceous, loculicidally 3-valved at the apex. Seeds in two
rows in each cell, flattened, with a brown membranously margined testa and very small. embryo.—Bulb-
a herbs 5 stem simple, leafy ; leaves narrow and grass-like ; flowers erect, white, with purple or green-
ish veins, i
PLATE XXXV1.

 

 

 

 

 

7,8 A.FALCIFOLIUM 9,10 A.UNIFOLIUM.

46 ALLIUM ANCEPS

MONTANUM .

1-3, LEUCOCRINUM
CATALOGUE, 849

narrow-lanceolate, acuminate, reflexed ; stigma capitate or more or less 3-cleft
and spreading; capsule 9-18” long, 4-5” wide, oblong, subtriangular.—
From Washington Territory and Idaho to California and Colorado. Fre-
quent in the Wahsatch and Uintas; 6-10,000 feet altitude; May—August.
None of the reputed forms merit the rank of varieties. (1,075.

Levcocrinum' montanum, Nutt. Leaves 6~8’ long, 13” wide, flat or
somewhat folded-carinate toward the base, thick, striate-veined, decumbent ;
outer bracts broad and mostly obtuse, the inner very narrow and elongated ;
flowers 4-8, much shorter than the leaves, the peduncles 4-14’ long, all
radical, 1-flowered ; tube persistent, 1-2’ long, filiform ; segments of the limb
6-8” long, oblong-lanceolate, acute; stamens equaling the sepals, the linear
anthers about 2” long; style equaling the filaments; capsule 3-4” in diameter,
scarcely appearing above ground.—Flowers pure white, very fragrant, appear-
ing in early spring. The genus is referred by Endlicher to the little known
Mexican Weldenia. The affinity is certainly close and the reference may
prove correct. Southern Wyoming; Colorado; California, (380 Frémont,
1846.) Carson Valley, near Carson City; April. Puare XXXVI Fig. 1.
Plant; natural size. Fig. 2. Flower, laid open; enlarged two diameters.
Fig. 3. Capsule; natural size. (1,176.)

Also a much larger form, more nearly resembling Nuttall’s original
specimens ; leaves 10-12’ long and 2” wide, surrounded at base by the fibrous
remains of the previous year’s growth; the more advanced flowers 2’ in
diameter ; tube 4’ long, and the peduncle becoming 2’ in length; style mostly
exceeding the stamens. Humboldt Valley, Nevada, near Oreana. (1,177.)

CamassIa® ESCULENTA, Lindl. Kunth’s Enum.4. 347. Scape 1-24° high ;

 

!LEUCOCRINUM, Norv. Perianth.corolline, salver-shaped, marcescent ; tube very slender,
elongated; limb 6-parted, regular. Stamens 6, nearly equal; filaments adnate to the tube nearly its
whole length, filiform ; anthers erect, becoming curved, linear, 2-celled, attached by the emarginate base,
introrse with a lateral dehiscence. Ovary globose-ovate, 3-celled ; ovules about 12 in each cell, in 2 rows,
horizontal or subpendulous, on short foot-stalks. Style filiform, undivided ; stigma dilated into a somc-
what triangular cup. Capsule subglobose, obtusely triangular, membranous, loculicidally dehiscent.
Seeds 5-6 in each cell, in 2 rows, subglobose.—A perennial acaulescent’ herb, with a short thick subter-
ranean root-stock and fleshy spreading elongated rootlets; leaves thick, linear, surrounded at base by
membranous bracts; flowers white, peduncled.

2CAMASSIA, Linn. Perianth 6-parted, spreading, withering-persistent; sepals very slightly
connate at base, subequal, 3-5-nerved on the back. Stamens 6, inserted at the base of : the perianth,
shorter than the sepals, equal. Filaments filiform, ascending. Anthers oblong, 2-celled, introrse, emar-
ginate above and bifid below, attached by the middle, longitudinally dehiscent along each margin.
Ovary free, sessile, subglobose, 3-celled; ovules 8-16, in 2 rows, sessile, anatropous. Style filiform.
Stigma with 3 short recurved lobes. Capsule chartaceous, rounded or oblong, obtusely triangular,
loculicidally 3-valved. Seeds as the ovules, oblong, somewhat flattened, black.—Herbs with tunicated
bulbs and leafless scapes ; leaves linear, striate-nerved ; flowers solitary, pedicelled, in a simple raceme,
mostly bracted.
350 BOTANY.

leaves broadly linear, 8-12’ long, 3-8” wide; raceme elongated, 10-20-
flowered ; bracts longer than the pedicels; flowers blue-purple, 6-10” long,
with linear-lanceolate sepals; capsules oblong, 6-8” long, 5” broad, the cells
12-16-seeded.—Stouter than the eastern species, from which it differs in its
broader leaves, larger flowers, oblong capsules, and more numerous seeds.
Coatings of the bulb with numerous fascicles of acicular raphides, as in Z2ga-
denus Nuttallii and paniculata. The genus appears sufficiently distinct from
Scilla, (as Dr. Torrey has already said,) in its several-veined and more
widely spread sepals and hypogynous stamens. Washington Territory to
California. Antelope Island in Salt Lake, and in the Wahsatch ; 4,500—6,000
feet altitude; June. (1,178.)

AvuiuM vaLipuM. Stout, 1-24° high, leafy at base; bulb with mem-
branous coats, oblong, crowning a thick rootstock; leaves 3-5, nearly equal-
ing the scape, 3-7” broad, rather thick, flat; spathe 2—-3-valved, valves broadly
ovate, connate, acute; umbel erect or somewhat nodding, crowded, many-
flowered, the pedicles 4-6” long; sepals 4” long, ovate-lanceolate, long-
acuminate, gibbous at base, white or pink; stamens equaling the sepals and
shorter than the filiform entire style; filaments dilated and adnate at base;
capsule not crested; cells 2-seeded—Near A. cernuum, but much stouter,
umbels more erect and crowded, sepals longer and more acuminate, and
capsule not.crested. It is 6248 Bolander, from Mono Pass, and was also col-
lected by Anderson near Carson City. East Humboldt and Clover Mountains,
Nevada; in high swampy ground; 7-9,000 feet altitude ; August, Septem-
ber. (1,179.)

ALLIUM BREVIsTyLUM. Scape: slender, 1-13° high, leafy at base; bulb
with membranous coats, narrow-oblong, upon a thick rootstock; leaves
1-3” wide, long-linear, somewhat shorter than the scape, thin and flat; spathe
1-valved, obliquely connate-campanulate, acute; umbel erect, few- (5—-9-)
flowered; pedicels short (3-6”;) sepals 4” long, bright rose-color, lighter
below, oblong-lanceolate, long-acuminate, gibbous at base; stigma more
or less 3-lobed; capsule somewhat 3-lobed, not crested; cells 2-seeded.— —
Found on the shaded banks of the Provo River in the Uintas; 8,000 feet
altitude; July. (1,180.)

AuLiuM RETICULATUM, Nutt. (?) Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 2. 184, ¢. 195.
Bulb oblong, the outer coatings densely reticulate-fibrous; scape terete,
slender, 6-15’ high; leaves sheathing at the base, nearly equaling the scape,
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

13 ALLIUM BISCEPTRUM.
7. A SANBORNIL,

i

45 A.SERRATUM.

8,9.A.ATTENUIFOLIUM.

 

 

 

 

   

    

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uF i
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6.A.ACUMINATUM

10,11.A.PALMERI.
CATALOGUE. 351

very narrowly linear ; spathe 2—3-valved ; umbel 15-30-flowered, the spread-
ing pedicels 6-8’ long; sepals white or pinkish, ovate-acuminate, a third
longer than the stamens, gibbous at base ; style entire, equaling the stamens;
capsule subglobose, the cells double-crested, 2-ovuled—The specimens, some-
what doubtfully placed here, are peculiar in having the umbels almost wholly
bulbiferous, but the few flowers have the characters of the species. Bear
River Valley near Evanston, and Parley’s Park in the Wahsatch ; 6,000 feet
altitude; July. (1,181.)

ALLIUM BIscepTRuM. Bulb not crowning a perennial rootstock, often
bulbiferous, the reticulation of the coatings minute and very sinuous; scapes
(1-3) often in pairs, rather slender, 6-12’ high, leafy at base; leaves 2-4,
linear, 2-6” wide, usually equaling or often much exceeding the scape, flat,
entire and sheathing toward the base; spathe 2-valved, valves very broadly
ovate, abruptly setaceous-acuminate, but slightly connate; umbels many-
(20-40-) flowered, rays 6-10’ long, occasionally bulbiferous; sepals white or
rose-color, 4” long, ovate-lanceolate, more or less acuminate, gibbous at base,
the inner a little narrower; stamens a third shorter than the sepals, equaling
the entire style, the dilated base of the filaments wholly adnate; capsule sub-
globose, 3-lobed, the lobes strongly crested; cells 1-2-seeded.—This is -A.
falcifolium, Var. ?, of Whipple’s Report, collected by Bigelow at Downieville,
California, 288 Anderson from near Carson City, and 89 Stretch from Washoe
Valley, Nevada. On stream banks in the mountains, from the Trinity to the
Kast Humboldt Ranges, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch ; 6-7,500 feet altitude;
May-July. ‘Pat-is” of the Pah-Utes. Prare XXXVII. Fig. 1. Plant;
natural size. Fig. 2. Flower; enlarged two diameters. Fig. 3. Reticula-
tion of the bulb-coat; enlarged thirty diameters. (1,182.)

Autium Nevapense. Bulb without rootstock, the reticulation rather
minute, very much distorted; scape low (2-4’,) terete, with a single aversely
compressed leaf, 1’’ wide, sheathing at the surface of the ground, exceeding
the scape ; spathe of two broad slightly connate acute or often acuminate
valves; pedicels 10-30, spreading, 3-7” long; sepals 4-5” long, white or
pinkish, oblong-lanceolate, acute, gibbous at base, subspreading ; stamens a
little shorter or subequaling the sepals, scarcely exceeding the entire style,
the filaments adnate at the slightly dilated base; capsule globose, the cells
strongly 2-crested, 2-seeded.—Dry foot-hills and ridges from the Trinity to
the East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 5-7,000 feet altitude; May-July.
B02 BOTANY.

Collected also by Marcy in the Wahsatch. “ Urge” of the Pah-Utes.
Puate XXXVIII. Fig.1. Plant; natural size. Fig.2. Flower; enlarged
two diameters. Fig. 3.  Reticulation of the bulb-coat; enlarged thirty
diameters. (1,183.) .

ALLIUM ATRORUBENS. Much like the last. Sepals long-acuminate, dark-
purple; spathe 2-3-valved; the coatings of the deep-seated bulb without
trace of any marked reticulation—Dry foot-hills from the West Humboldt’
to the Havallah Mountains, Nevada; 5,000 feet altitude; June. ‘‘Ko-si-urge”
of the Pah-Utes. Prare XXXVIII. Fig. 4. Plant; natural size. Fig. 5.
Flower ; enlarged two diameters. (1,184.)

ALLIuM acumMiInatuM, Hook. J. Bor. Amer, 2.184, ¢.196. Bulb with-
out rootstock, the reticulation somewhat regularly hexagonal, usually distinct;
scape slender, 6-15’ high; leaves sheathing, very narrowly linear, 1” wide
or less, folded-carinate, nearly equaling or shorter than the scape; umbel
rather many- (12-30-) flowered, erect, pedicels spreading, 4-9” long; spathe
2-valved, valves broad-ovate, abruptly setaceous-acuminate, slightly connate ;
sepals bright rose-color, 4—7” long, ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate with the
point recurved, gibbous at base, the inner minutely serrulate; stamens about
a third shorter than the sepals and nearly equaling the style ; stigma shortly
lobed ;. capsule not crested ; cells 2-seeded—From Fraser’s River to Cali-
fornia, and collected by Stansbury in Weber River Valley, (A. sted/atum,
Torr., Stans. Rep.) Havallah Range, Nevada, on Antelope Island in Salt
Lake, and in the Wahsatch and Uintas; 5-6,000 feet altitude; May—June.
‘‘Kur-gur” of the Pah-Utes. Pirate XXXVII. Fig. 6. Reticulation of
the bulb-coat; enlarged thirty diameters. (1,185.)

Autium anceps, Kellogg. Trans. Calif. Acad. 2. 109, fig. 32. Bulb
without rootstock, the areolation of the coats vertically compressed hexagonal;
scape 2-4’ high, somewhat flattened (1-2” broad) and margined, naked;
leaves (2) attenuated at base and scarcely sheathing above the bulb, exceed-
ing the scape, thick, flat or sometimes folded, broad-linear (2-4/ wide, )
falcate or variously curved, roughish on the margin; valves of the spathe 2,
acute, connate at base; umbel many- (12~30-) flowered, pedicels spreading,
3’ long; flowers turbinate at base, pale-pink or greenish-white, the sepals
linear-lanceolate, acute, 3-4” long, slightly gibbous at base, the inner nar-
rower, somewhat recurved; stamens about equaling the sepals, the filaments
scarcely dilated and shortly adnate at base; style a little shorter, entire ;
PLATE X2VM

 

 

 

 

 

1-3.ALLIUM NEVADENSE. 4,5 A.ATRORUBENS. 67 A.TRISRACTEATUM .
89.4 BIGELOVIL. 10,1. A-SCAPOSUM.
CATALOGUE. 353

capsule slightly crested before maturity, the cells 2-seeded. —Closely allied
to A. falcifolium, which is readily distinguished by its broader gibbous-based
carinate and glandular sepals, the half-shorter stamens and style, and divided
stigma, (Phare XXXVI. Figs.7 and 8. Flowers; enlarged two diameters, )
and without marked reticulation in the bulb-coatings of the specimens ex-
amined. Near Washoe and Carson Cities, Nevada, (Veatch, and 23 Ander-
son, mostly ;) now collected in the same region at Steamboat Springs and
near Glendale ; 4,500 feet altitude; April, May. Prare XXXVI. F ig. 4.
Plant; natural size. Fig. 5. Flower; enlarged two diameters. Fig. 6.
Reticulation of the bulb-coat ; enlarged thirty diameters. (1,186.)

ALLIUM TRIBRACTEATUM, Torr. Bulbs without rootstock, the coats with
a rather minute flattened or somewhat regular hexagonal reticulation; scape
slender, 1-4’ high, terete, naked; leaves not sheathing, very narrowly linear,
3-14" wide, exceeding the scape ; spathe 2-3-valved; pedicels (10-20) scarcely
equaling the flowers, spreading ; sepals 3-4” long, light-pink, oblong-lanceo-
late, acute, erect or recurved, exceeding the stamens; capsule not crested, the
cells 1-2-seeded.—California. Antelope Island Peak, Salt Lake, and in the
Wahsatch ; 6-7,000 feet altitude; June. Prare XXXVIII. Fig. 6. Flower;
enlarged two diameters. Fig. 7. _ Reticulation of the bulb-coat; enlarged
thirty diameters. (1,187.)

Var. (?) AnpeRsoni. Bulb-reticulation scarcely distinguishable; bracts
always only two, broad and connate; flowers turbinate at base; sepals very
deep rose-color, oblong-lanceolate or broad-oblong, obtuse, erect.—Near Carson
City, (63 and 286 Anderson.) On Mount Davidson and in Washoe Valley,
near Steamboat Springs, Nevada; 5—7,000 feet altitude; April, May. (1,188.)

Bropi#A* MULTIFLORA, Benth. Baker, lc. p. 877. (B. parviflora, and
B. grandi iflora, Var., brachypoda, Torr.) Bulb with the outer coatings fibrous,
1’ or more in thickness; scape 1-2° long, fragile; leaves i 14° long, 14-2”
wide, fleshy-herbaceous, rather firm ; valves of the spathe 4-6” long, several,
broad-lanceolate ; umbel crowded, 6—20-flowered, the pedicels shorter than

 

'BRODL@A, Smrru. (Including Dichelostemma, Kth., Stropholirion, Torr., and Brevoortia, Wood.)
Perianth funnelform or broadly tubular, the segments usually longer than the tube or about equaling it,
rarely shorter. Anthers 3, linear, sessile or nearly so on the throat of the tube, with or without wings.
Staminodia 3, flattened, membranous, in one row with the stamens. Ovary sessile or stipitate, the cells
4-6-ovuled; style straight, filiform; stigma capitate. Capsule membranous, oblong-triangular, sessile or
stipitate, loculicidally 3-valved, the seeds 2-4 in each cell, small, triquetrous. Testa black, membran-
ous.—Bulbous herbs with handsome umbellate flowers, several-valved spathes, and jointed pedicels,
J. G. Bakr, Revis. of Liliac., Jour of Lin. Soc., 11. 375.

The roots of this and the following genus are rather coated corms than tunicated bulbs.

45
354 BOTANY.

the flowers, unequal; perianth 6-10’ long, blue, the oblong-lanceolate
segments about equaling the ventricose tube; anthers 2’ long, sessile ; stamin-
odia 14” long, lanceolate, entire; ovary sessile, the style 24’ long, filiform ;
seeds 4—6 in each cell.—California, and collected by Frémont on the Provo
River, Utah.

Mitta! GranpirLora, Baker; /. c., p. 880. (Triteleia, Lindl.) Bulb
globose, 1’ in diameter, fibrous-coated, edible; leaves fleshy-herbaceous, flat
or folded-carinate, equaling the scape, 2-4” wide; scape slender, 1-2° high;
bracts several (4-6,) distinct, lanceolate, 6-8’ long; rays 6-30, jointed, 3-1 y
long; perianth 4~1’ long, deep-blue, the segments oblong-spatulate, obtuse,
erect, a little shorter than the broadly funnelform tube, throat 3-4” wide ;
anthers 1” long, in two rows, the lower sessile on the throat of the tube, the
upper with short filiform filaments inserted upon the middle of the segments;
ovary distinctly stipitate, the ‘cells 6-8-ovuled; style 13-2” long, filiform ;
capsule 3-4” long, ovate-oblong, the stipe 24” long—From Washington Ter-
ritory to Montana and southward to California. Abundant in the Wahsatch ;
5-6,000 feet altitude; May, June. (1,189.)

Mitta uyacintuina, Baker; 7c, p. 385. (Hesperoscordium, Lindl.)
Bulb globose, 4-1’ thick, fibrous-coated; leaves 2-3, fleshy-herbaceous, nearly
equaling the scape, 1-6” wide; scape firm, erect, 1-2° high; bracts 4-6,
distinct, ovate-lanceolate or subulate-linear; pedicels 10-30, jointed, 6~15”
long; perianth 4-7” long, funnelform, white, with greenish midveins, the
segments lanceolate-spatulate, erect-spreading, thrice longer than the cam-
panulate tube; stamens in one row upon the throat, the deltoid petaloid fila-
ments scarcely 1” in length; ovary distinctly stipitate; style 1” long; capsule
2” in diameter, subglobose upon a short thick stipe (13” long) or very nearly
sessile; cells 2-3-seeded—From Washington Territory to California; near
Carson City, Nevada, (101 Anderson.)

Miuia maritima. (Hesperoscordium (?), Torr. Pac. R. R. Surv. 4. 148.)
Bulb fibrous-coated, 3’ thick; scape 3-6’ high; leaves several, very narrowly
linear, 3-1” wide, usually exceeding the scape, retrorsely aculeate-scabrous on

 

1MILLA, Cay. Perianth broadly or narrowly funnelform or subrotate, the segments about equal-
ing the funnelform or campanulate tube or 2-4 times longer, rarely shorter. Stamens 6, always distinctly
perigynous, in 1 (or more or less distinctly 2) series, the filaments usually elongated, rarely nearly obso-
lete; anthers linear-oblong, versatile. Ovary obovoid, sessile or more or less distinctly stipitate; style
straight, filiform; stigma capitate, 3-sulcate. Capsule membranous, sessile or stipitate, loculicidally
3-valved; seeds 2-12 in each cell, small, triquetrous, loose or in two rows. Testa shining, black.—
Bulbous herbs, with narrow leaves and umbellate flowers. Baxur, 1. c
CATALOGUE. 355

the margin; spathe 4~6-bracted, the segments subulate-linear, connate at
base; pedicels 6-12, not jointed, 4-1’ long; perianth 3” long, greenish or
yellowish-white with darker subcarinate midveins, the segments very shortly
connate at base, erect or subspreading, oblong or lanceolate, somewhat sac-
culate at the tip; stamens in one row, shorter than the sepals, the filaments
subulate from a scarcely dilated adnate base; style rather thick, with a
shortly 3-cleft or capitate stigma; capsule globular, sessile, the cells obtuse,
10-ovuled and about 3-seeded.—Approaching Allium § Nothoscordum, from
which it is separated especially by the characters of the root, which is that
of Milla and Brodiea, a fibrously coated corm, the older flat and disk-like
joints fringed with rootlets and easily separating. Coast of California from
Monterey to Punta de los Reyes. Near Steamboat Springs in Washoe Val-
ley, Nevada. (1,190.)

Yucca
the western species of this genus will be given in the Appendix.

JUNCACEZ.

 

? A communication from Dr. George Engelmann upon

Luzuxa spapicea, DC. Steud. Syn. Cyp. 202. Shortly stoloniferous ;
leaves flat, nearly smooth; sheaths smooth or bearded at the throat; inflo-
rescence twice-compound, spreading, longer than the involucre; sepals nearly
equal, ovate, mucronate, shorter than the triangular-ovate capsule; stamens
a fourth shorter than the sepals; testa of the subglobose seed very shortly
papillose at the apex. Var. parvirLora, Led. Stolons slightly longer; rad-
ical leaves long and dilated, smooth throughout; branches of the decompound
cyme very unequal; flowers very small and brownish, the lateral ones on long
capillary at length nodding pedicels; anthers scarcely exceeding the fila-
ment.—Ledebour, Hooker and other authorities agree in referring L. parvi-
flora, melanocarpa, &c., to spadicea. 'The specimens of the collection vary to
some extent ;—1-2° high, the sheaths for the most part somewhat bearded ;
flowers light or dark-colored; capsule acute or very obtuse, mucronate. From
Northern New York to Maine and Labrador; Canada, and westward in the
Rocky Mountains, and to Washington Territory, Sitka and Behring Strait;
Colorado. East Humboldt and Clover Mountains, Nevada; and in the Wah-
satch and Uintas; 9,000 feet altitude; July-September. (1,191.)

Luzuta campestris, DC. Throughout the eastern United States, in
Arkansas, Colorado and California, and northward to Newfoundland, the Sas-
356 BOTANY.

katchewan and Behring Strait. The specimens are good enough comosa,
which is not distinguishable from forms of campestris, and has been referred
to it by Dr. Hooker. In the Uintas near the head of Bear River; 8,000 feet
altitude; July, August. (1,192.)

Luzuza spicata, Desv. White Mountains, Labrador, Greenland, Beh-
ring Strait, Rocky Mountains in latitude 49°, (Lyall,) and in Colorado. East
Humboldt and Uinta Mountains ; 9-11,000 feet altitude; August. (1,193.)

Juncus Bauricus, Deth. Var. montanus, Eng. Revis. Junc., Trans.
St. Louis. Acad. 2. 442. Sepals nearly of the same length, the inner ones
sometimes more obtuse; anthers four times longer than the filament; capsule
ovate-pyramidal, angled, beaked ; seeds smaller, narrower and longer pointed
than in the eastern form.—From New Mexico and Colorado to the Saskat-
chewan and Slave Lake, and west to California, Washington Territory and
Unalaska. Abundant in marshes throughout Nevada and in Utah; 46,000
feet altitude. Known as “Wire grass” and considered valuable for hay and
pasturage. (1,194.)

Var., approaching J. Lesweurii, Bol.; with large flowers, 3” long; cap-
sules abruptly mucronate ; stem 3° high. On Truckee River. (1,195.)

Juncus Fitirormis, L. Northern New England to Michigan, Canada
and Hudson’s Bay, the Saskatchewan and Great Bear Lake; Cascade and
Rocky Mountains, (Lyall;) Colorado, (Vasey.) Uintas; 8-9,000 feet alti-
tude; August. (1,196.)

Juncus Drummonpn, E. Mey. Eng. 1. c., 445. Cuspitose; stems
1-14° high, terete and filiform ; sheaths bristle-pointed ; spathe 4-13! long,
more or less exceeding the simple about 3-flowered panicle; sepals 2-3” long,
lanceolate, acute or the outer ones pointed; stamens 6, 1” long or less; an-
thers linear, the filaments a little shorter; stigmas included, shorter than the
slender prismatic ovary; style very short, persistent; capsule ovate-oblong,
triangular, retuse, 3-celled, about equaling or shorter than the sepals; seeds
ovate, striate-reticulate, long-caudate—Alpine Mountains of Colorado and
California to Washington Territory and Unalaska. Wahsatch and Uintas;
9-10,000 feet altitude; July, August. (1,197.)

Juncus Parrvi, Eng.; Jc, 446. Czespitose; stems low, (4-8',) seta-
ceous, longer than the sulcate subterete leaves; spathe 1’ or more long, ex-
ceeding the simple 1~3-flowered panicle ; sepals 24-34” long, lance-subulate,
the outer ones longer and awned; stamens 6, about 1” long; anthers linear,
CATALOGUE. 357

2-3 times longer than the filaments; stigmas included, scarcely equaling the
linear-prismatic ovary; capsule prismatic, pointed, exsert, 3-celled; seeds
oblong, finely striate-ribbed, long-caudate——Mountains of Colorado, Califor-
nia and Oregon. East Humboldt and Clover Mountains, Nevada, and in the
Wahsatch ; 8-10,000 feet altitude; July-September. (1,198.)

Juncus suronius, L. Everywhere. Frequent through Nevada and
Utah, usually in the valleys; 4—6,000 feet altitude ; but also collected (dwarf
specimens, 3’ high, 2~3-flowered) in the Clover Mountains, Nevada, with the
next, at a height of 9,000 feet; May—September. (1,199.)

Juncus Trirormis, Eng.; Zc. 492. Annual; stems very low, leafy,
branched ; peduncles capillary, scapelike, numerous, 3-4’ long, much exceed-
ing the short (2-12” long) filiform leaves, which are channeled, but flat to-
ward the apex; flowers 1-6, in small heads or solitary ; sepals lance-subulate,
equal, 1-12” long, about equaling the ovate-obtuse mucronate 2—3-celled cap-
sule; seeds ovate, obtuse, short-pointed, faintly ribbed and transversely lined.
Var. UNIFLoRUS, Eng. Very small, 1’ high or less, with the solitary 2-bracted
flowers mostly dimerous, (sepals 4, stamens, stigmas and carpels in pairs.)—
California. Clover Mountains, Nevada; 9,000 feet altitude; September.
Less than a half-inch high; bracts very small, nearly obsolete. With a di-
minutive state of the last; evidently a starved, stunted form. (1,200.)

Juncus LonGistyyis, Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 223. Eng., t.c., 453.
Stems 1-2° high, cespitose, stoloniferous, teretish above, usually minutely
scabrous, leafy; leaves flat, grass-like, 1’ wide, shorter than the stem; heads
few (5-9) in a contracted (14-3’ long) panicle, 3-8-flowered, or rarely single
and 12—15-flowered; flowers 24-3” long, greenish with brown lines,. smooth,
pedicelled ; sepals equal, ovate-lanceolate, acute or cuspidate; stamens 6, one-
half as long; filaments half as long as the anthers; ovary equaling the sta-
mens and style; stigmas exserted; capsule ovate, obtuse, mucronate or
rostrate, chestnut-colored and shining, 3-celled, equaling or a little exceeding
the calyx; seeds oblanceolate or obovate, pointed, costate-reticulate—From
New Mexico and Arizona northward to the Saskatchewan and Washington
Territory. In wet meadows in Nevada and Utah; 48,000 feet altitude;
June-September. (1,201.)

Var. Latirouius, Eng.; .¢., 496. Stem 1° high, naked or with a single
leaf at base, much exceeding the short linear-lanceolate leaves, 2-5’ long,
2-3” wide; panicle simple, longer than the membranous or rarely foliaceous
358 BOTANY.

spathe; heads few- (3-5-) flowered; anthers 3-4 times longer than the fila-
ment.—Sierras of California; near Carson City, (Anderson.)

Juncus noposus, L., Var. MEGAcEPHALUS, Torr. From New York and
New Jersey to the Saskatchewan and southward beyond the Mississippi to
Texas, New Mexico, Arizona and California. Valleys of Nevada; 4—6,000
feet altitude. (1,202.)

Juncus Mertenstanus, Bong. Eng.,/.c., 479. Stems 4-14’ high, from
a thick running rootstock, cespitose, compressed, weak; leaves aversely com-
pressed, usually $-1” wide, sheath auricled; flowers 15-25, dark-brown, ped-
icelled, in a single (rarely 2-3) rather loose head, 4-6” broad; sepals ovate-
lanceolate, the outer acuminate-subulate, the inner obtuse and mucronate, or
rarely acute and equaling the outer ones, exceeding the (3-) 6 stamens and
equaling or exceeding the broadly obovate obtuse mucronate capsule ; anthers
usually mucronate, equaling or shorter than the filaments; style mostly shorter
than the obtuse ovary; seeds oblanceolate-obovate, short-caudate at each end,
reticulate-costate.—Sitka and Unalaska, and in the mountains from Washing-
ton Territory and eastward to California and Colorado. East Humboldt and
Clover Mountains, Nevada, and in the Uintas; 7~—9,000 feet altitude; July—
September. (1,203.)

Juncus xipHiowes, EH. Mey., Eng., Uc. 481. Stems 1—4° high, from
a thick running rootstock, 2-edged; leaves compressed and equitant; flowers
about 14” long, pedicelled, few or many, in few or many heads; sepals lance-
olate, subulate-acuminate, equal, or the inner ones more obtuse and shorter,
nearly twice longer than the 6 (rarely 3) stamens, usually equaling the angular
acute mucronate or beaked capsule; anthers oblong-linear, about equaling the
filaments; ovary ovate, attenuate into a rather short style, stigmas subexserted ;
seeds ovate-lanceolate, pointed at each end, reticulated and transversely lined.—
Var. a. LITTORALIS, Eng. Stout, 2-4° high; leaves broad, (3-6”;) sheaths
rarely appendaged ; panicles often decompound, 4-8’ long, with 3-20 straw-
colored‘or brown flowers in each head; sepals subequal, scarcely shorter than
the acute or beaked capsule; anthers often pointed, a little exceeding the fila-
ment; seeds oblanceolate—California. On the Truckee River and Soda Lake,
Nevada. (1,204.)

Var. MonTanus, Eng. Lower, $-2° high ; leaves narrower (4 -14”) and
mostly auricled at base; heads 3-10-flowered, rather numerous and panicled ;
flowers pale and a little smaller, the inner sepals shorter and mostly acute, the
CATALOGUE. 359

outer equaling the long-mucronate capsule-—Arizona to Western Texas. East
Humboldt Mountains and in the Wahsatch; 6,000 feet altitude. (1,205.)
It also occurs with few (rarely solitary) heads, the flowers 12-20, or even
20-50, dark-brown.—F rom the Saskatchewan to Washington Territory and
south to Colorado and New Mexico. More frequent in Nevada, and also col-
lected in the Uintas; 4~8,000 feet altitude ; July-September. (1,206.)

JUNCUS CHLOROCEPHALUS, Eng; 7c, 485. Stems 1-14° high, from
a short running rootstock, cespitose; leaves $-1” wide, compressed and
equitant, with auriculate sheaths; heads 6-7 broad, many- (15-25-) flowered,
solitary or 2-3 and clustered, about equaling the membranous spathe; flowers
24” long, conspicuously pedicelled, pale; sepals oblong, very obtuse or the
outer (very rarely the inner) ones mucronate, with broad membranous mar-
gins, equal or the inner ones a little the longest, scarcely exceeding the sta-
mens; anthers long-linear, on very short filaments; style exserted, much
exceeding the ovate ovary ; capsule ovate, obtuse, mucronate, 1-celled, shorter
than the sepals; seeds ovate, pointed at each end, reticulate—Mountains of
California; near Carson City, Nevada, (Anderson.)

PONTEDERIACE.

ScHOLLERA GRAMINEA, Willd. From North Carolina to Canada; on the
Lower Rio Grande, (Schott.) On the Carson River, near Empire City, Nevada,
(507°, Torrey.)

COMMELYNACE.

Trapescantia Virainica, L. From Florida to Western New York and
Lake Winnipeg, and westward to Western Texas, New Mexico, and the base
of the Rocky Mountains. Reported by Durand as collected on Elk Horn
Creek in Utah.

CYPERACEZ.

Cyperus inriexus, Muhl. From North Carolina to Canada and Lake
Winnipeg, and west to Missouri and the Upper Platte, (James,) Arkansas
and New Mexico; California. Truckee, Humboldt and Ruby Valleys, Ne-
vada; 46,000 feet altitude; July-September. Referred by Dr. Bentham
and Dy. Torrey to C. aristatus, Rottb. (1,207.)
360 BOTANY.

Cyperus PHYMATODES, Muhl. From Florida to New York, and west to
New Mexico, Arizona, and California. Truckee River bottom, Nevada; July,
August. Low, 6-10’ in height. (1,208.)

E1xocuaris PaLustris, R. Br. From the Arctic Regions to the Gulf
and westward. Collected in Nevada and Utah. (1,209.)

Var. Tall and stout, (24° high,) with large loose deeply cleft sheaths ;
bristles exceeding the oblong-triangular obtuse tubercle. Fruit occasionally
ergotized. Huntington Valley, Nevada; 6,000 feet altitude. (1,210.)

ELEocHaris AcicuLaris, R. Br. Northern States to Hudson’s Bay and
the Saskatchewan, and southward to Florida and Texas; California. Truckee
River bottom, Nevada. (1,211.)

Scirpus Torrey, Olney. New England to Pennsylvania and Wiscon-
sin. Collected by Stansbury on Stansbury Island, Salt Lake, with longer and
larger spikes and the achenium with a shorter point than in the eastern form.

Scirpus vaLipus, Vahl. From latitude 57° southward to Florida, Texas,
New Mexico, and Southern California. Frequent on stream-banks and in
marshes in the valleys of Nevada; 4-6,000 feet altitude. Growing 8-12°
high and 1’ in diameter. (1,212.)

Scirpus Nevapensis. Culm 8-12’ high, slender, terete, substriate, from
a perennial (?) root, exceeding the convolute leaves, which are flattened above
and rough margined; spikes 1-2, 3-9” long, many-flowered and terete, ovoid
or ovate-oblong, acutish, sessile, much shorter than the semi-terete flattened
above and rough-margined erect involucral leaf; scales broadly ovate, obtuse
or acute with the projecting midvein, chestnut-colored, smooth and shining;
stamens 3; style 2-cleft; bristles 1-3, very short; achenium broadly obovate,
plano-convex, very abruptly short-pointed, shining, minutely reticulated —
Shore of Soda Lake in Carson Desert, Nevada; August. (1,213.)

Scirpus maritimus, L. Sea-coast and salt-springs from New Brunswick
to Florida; on the Saskatchewan; Washington Territory and California;
New Mexico and Arizona. Humboldt Valley, Nevada. (1,214.)

Scirpus Microcarpvs, Presl. New England; Northwest Coast, latitude
55°, (Scouler.) Monitor Valley, Pah-Ute and East Humboldt Mountains,
Nevada, and in the Wahsatch ; 5~7,000 feet altitude. (1,215.)

FIMBRISTYLIS THERMALIS. Scabrous-pubescent throughout; culms 1-14°
high, from a perennial stoloniferous root, rigid, compressed, striate; leaves
shorter, 1-2’ hroad, channeled and more or less convolute; spikes 3-5, the
CATALOGUE. 361

central one sessile, with an involucre of 3 setaceous leaflets mostly shorter
than the rays, 3-6’ long, ovate or ovate-oblong, the scales rather thin,
light chestnut-color, pubescent, rather obtuse or acutish, mucronate; stamens
3; style 2-cleft, flat and ciliate, deciduous; achenium broadly ovate, subcom-
pressed, very minutely striate and obscurely reticulate—Near F. spadicea but
rough-pubescent throughout, the scales thinner and less rigid, the achenium
more turgid and rather smaller, the scales and sheaths less deeply colored.
Found near the Hot Springs in Ruby Valley, Nevada; 6,000 feet altitude.
F. spadicea has been collected in Texas, the Indian Territory, and Colorado,
(581 Hall & Harbour,) the upper stem and scales sometimes slightly scab-
rous. (1,216.)

Carex’ nicricans, C.A. Meyer. Spike solitary, oblong, staminate at top;
stigmas 3, or rarely 2; perigynium ovate, stipitate, ventricose, shining, grad-
ually attenuated into a beak, sometimes few-toothed, nerveless, spreading or
at length reflexed, rusty-colored, with an entire obliquely-cut. mouth, about
equaling the dark-brown oblong obtuse scale; the lowest scale rarely sub-
leafy; achenium unequally 3-sided. Root creeping; culms 6-12’ high.
(C. rupestris, Dewey, Coll., in part. C. Backana, Dewey, in part. C. Pyre-
naica, Torr., Mon. Cyp. 403, (1836,) and in Williamson’s Report, Pac. R. R.
Surv. 6. 92.)\—Rocky Mountains of British America, (258 and 259 Drum-
mond ;) Colorado, (609 Hall & Harbour, 589 and 589 A., Vasey ;) Cascade
Mountains, Oregon, (Newberry;) Alaska, according to Rothrock. Bear
River Carion, Uintas; 9,000 feet altitude; August. (1,217.)

Carex Pyrenatca, Wahl. Spike solitary, densely flowered, staminate
at top, elliptic, rusty-brown; stigmas 38, rarely 2; perigynium fusiform
or lanceolate, gradually attenuate, long-stipitate, nerveless, compressed, tri-
quetrous, shining, at length horizontally spreading or reflexed, rusty-colored,
the orifice cleft in front with its hyaline margins infolded, longer than
the acute-lanceolate or obtuse-oblong rusty-brownscale ; lowest scale rarely
subleafy; achenium unequally triquetrous. Cespitose ; root fibrous. (C.
nigricans, Torr, Mon. Cyp. 402; Dewey, Sill. Jour. 29. 249, 1836.)—Fort
Norman (Richardson) and Rocky Mountains, (Drummond ;) Colorado, (608
- Hall & Harbour, 590 Vasey.) Rocky divide of the Uintas; 10,000 feet

 

1To Col. StepHEN T. OunEy, of Providence, R. I, we are indebted for the following thorough
elaboration of the Carices of the collection.

46
362 BOTANY.

altitude ; August. (1,218.) €. microglochin, Wahl., was found in Northern
Alaska, 186162, by Onion, Kinnicott, and Hardisty.

Carex scrrporpEa, Michx. From Maine (Blake) to Michigan; Green-
land and Arctic America; Rocky Mountains, (Drummond and others OD
Cascade Mountains, Oregon. East Humboldt and Clover Mountains, Nevada,
and in the Uintas; 9-10,000 feet altitude; August, September. (1,219.)

Carex arrinis, R. Br. Spike solitary, staminate at top; stigmas 3;
scales acute, lanceolate, the lower awned; near C. polytrichoides.—Such is
Brown’s too brief description in Richardson’s Appendix to Franklin’s Narra-
tive. Boott, in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am., remarks that the specimen in Herb.
Banks. has setaceous leaves and looks like C. filifolia. In his Illustrations
he refers it to C. obtusata. It differs from C. filifolia in the form and texture
of the scale and in its elliptical perigynium, not oval, nor scabrous except
on the margins. Its orifice is not entire. From C. obtusata it differs
in its setaceous leaves, (those of obtusata are described by European authors
as flat, and so appear in both European and American specimens, ) and in the
shape and texture (not: horny) of the perigynium, while the root is fibrous,
not creeping. It is also closely allied to C. Lyoni, (mamed by Boott on an
immature specimen,) but differs from his detailed description in the top of
its leaves being hispid, the perigynium not entirely smooth, the style not
inserted, nor the stigma short. Collected by Richardson in the wooded
region of British America, latitude 54—-60°, and by Vasey (591) in Colo-
rado. East Humboldt Mountains and on Clover Peak, Nevada; 10~11,000
feet altitude; September. (1,220.)

Carex pisticHA, Huds. From New York to Illinois and Wisconsin,
and westward to the Saskatchewan and the Pacific; California, (Bolander ;)
Western Nevada, (Stretch, in Herb. Torrey.) A single spike occurs in the
collection, probably from the same region. (1,221.)

Carex stipata, Muhl. From Arctic America to Florida and on the
western coast to Columbia River. Near Farmington, Salt Lake Valley, Utah ;
4,300 feet altitude; June. (1,222.)

Carex muricata, L., (not including C. Hookertana, Dew.') Massachu-
setts; Rhode Island, (J. W. Congdon;) New Jersey, (Austin;) Ohio and

 

1 CAREX HOOKERIANA, Dew. The figure of this in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. is excellent and the analysis
poor, Dr. Boott disclaiming any agency inmaking them. As lateas April 24, 1863, the year that he died,
he made this memorandum on a Californian plant (1569 Brewer) now before me: “ This was founded
CATALOGUE, 263

Kentucky. East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 8,500-9,000 feet altitude ;
July. (1,223.)

Var. GRACILIS, Boott, in part. Spikes chestnut-colored, narrow, ovate,
with 4-6 ovate few-flowered spikelets; leaves lax, long, and narrow.—Colo-
rado (592 Hall & Harbour, 603 Vasey) and New Mexico, (884 Fendler.) In
the East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch above Salt Lake
City; 5-9,000 feet altitude ; May—August. (1,224)

Carex Doveasn, Boott. Spike dicecious, with about twelve, some-
times more, ovate spikelets, the upper closely aggregated, the lower occasion-
ally remote and compound ; bracts sometimes setaceous, broad at base, some-
times scale-like and mucronate; style exserted; stigmas 2, very long; peri-
gynium elliptic-lanceolate or ovate, tapering to a long serrated bifid beak,
shorter than the lanceolate acute scale; achenium orbicular. Root creeping;
culm 6-12’ high. (C. Nuttallit, Dew., Sill. Jour. 43. 92,1841. C. Meekii
Dew., Sil. Jour., n. s., 24.28, 1857. C. siccata, Dew., in Emory’s Report.) —
In various collections; from the Rocky Mountains in latitude 52° to Wash-
ington Territory and southward to California, Nebraska, Colorado, (594
Vasey, Rev. E. L. Greene,) New Mexico, (878 Fendler,) and Northern Mex-
ico, (Parry.) Rather frequent on slightly moist foot-hills and ridges in West-
ern Nevada, at 4-6,000 feet altitude, and found in the Wahsatch at the height
of 7,000 feet; May—August. (1,225.)

Var. minor, Olney. (C. petasata, Dew., in Hayden’s Nebraska Plants.)
Spikes small, not closely aggregated ; perigynium and scale small.—Ne-
braska, (Hayden, 600 Hall & Harbour.)

Var. BRUNNEA, Olney. Leaves longer or equaling the culm; spikelets few ;
bracts scale-like, the lower long-awned; scales and stigmas brown.—Califor-
nia, (805 Coulter, 4503 Bolander.) Carson and Steamboat Spring Valleys,
Nevada; 4,500 feet altitude; May. All immature. (1,226.)

Carex MARCIDA, Boott. Spike oblong, pale, composed of numerous small
ovate aggregated androgynous spikelets, staminate at top, the lower spikelets
compound; stigmas 2; perigynium tawny, suborbicular, or ovate tapering to
a bifid beak, plano-convex, nerved, winged, the upper margins serrated, short-

 

on a delicate plant originally from Carlton House, the specimen not mature, and the seed lad no
nerves; your specimens are mature and show more or fewer nerves, the spicule 4-6. (Are they ever
more numerous?) It is near C. muricata, L., but differs in erect appressed seeds and smaller spicule, all

* ” of which have bracts and cuspidate squame.”—C. Hookeriana, Dew., in Bot. Mex. Bound., is, I think,

C. muricata, .
364 BOTANY.

stipitate, nearly equal to the acute ovate scale, which is of a pale straw-color
with a white membranous margin; achenium tawny, lenticular, contracted at
base. Culm 1-2° high, rigid ; leaves broad, linear, erect.—-Sitka, (Bongard;)
Washington Territory, (Scouler;) California, from the Sacramento to the
southern boundary; Nebraska, (Hayden ;) Colorado, (Hall & Harbour, and
E. L. Greene.) Found in subalkaline meadows in Unionville and Thousand
Spring Valleys, Nevada, and in Jordan Valley, Utah; 4,300-5,000 feet alti-
tude; May-October. (1,227.)

Carex Hoop, Boott. Spike composed of ten or more androgynous
ovate spikelets, generally naked, sometimes bracteate, closely congested,
staminate at top; stigmas 2; perigynium ovate, beak bifid, (the orifice
deeply cleft in front,) purplish, nerved on both sides, serrate on the margins
equal in breadth and length, sometimes longer than the acutely ovate striate
scale, which has a green nerve and hyaline margins; achenium orbicular
with a contracted base. Culm 14-2° high, leafy below, the rudimentary
sheathing leaves blackish-purple—From Washington Territory to California,
(1772, 1986, and 2354 Brewer, the first at 9,000 feet altitude; 6215 and
6218 Bolander.) In the Wahsatch, near Salt Lake City; 5,000 feet altitude ;
May. (1,228.) C. Hoodii, Boott, in Whipple’s Report, Pac. R. R. Surv.
4, 153, is C. Brongniartii, Kth.

Carex TENELLA, Schk. From New England to Michigan and the
Saskatchewan and northward to Arctic America, and south in the mountains
to Colorado and New Mexico. Uinta Mountains, in Provo and Bear River
Cafions; 7—8,500 feet altitude; July, August. (1,229.)

Carex viTiLis, Fries. Spike oblong, composed of 4-7 small few-flow-
ered androgynous spikelets, staminate at base ; stigmas 2; perigynium spread-
ing, oval or ovate-conic, beaked, the orifice deeply cleft anteriorly, scab-
rous above on the margins, irregularly nerved, (nerves of the same color,
those on the back obsolete or vanishing upward,) membranous, spongy at
base, longer than the acute or obtuse ovate scale ; achenium oval—(C. canes-
cens, L., Var. vitilis, Gray; Manual.) Two forms occur:

Forma Brunnea. Arctic America; Canada; Mountains of New Hamp-
shire, Pennsylvania, Carolina, and Georgia.

Forma patina. Arctic America; New Hampshire; Massachusetts ;

New Jersey, (Canby.) Uintas, near head of Bear River; 8,000 feet alti-
tude; August. (1,230.)
CATALOGUE. 365

Carex ELonGATA, L. Spike of 6-12 oblong rusty-green spikelets,
staminate at base, the upper all contiguous, the lower quite remote ; bracts
scale-like, cuspidate, rarely surpassing the spikelets; stigmas 2; perigynium
elliptic-lanceolate, beaked, with an emarginate orifice, scabrous above on the
margins, nerved on both sides, plano-convex, spongy at base, spreading or
recurved, at length tawny, longer than the ovate rusty scale, which is hya-
line at top. Root creeping, cxspitose ; culm 1-2° high, triquetrous—Sitka,
(Bongard.) Uinta Mountains, shore of a small subalpine lake near head of
Bear River; 9,500 feet altitude; August. With it were growing the next
two species and also C. limula, saxatilis, Magellanica, Buxbaumii and vesi-
caria. (1,231.)

Carex Boypianpu, Kth. Spikes of 8-12 blackish-purple or rusty
spikelets, more or less bracted, staminate at base; stigmas 2; perigynium
ovate or ovate-lanceolate, gradually tapering to a beak, the orifice entire and
deeply cleft in front, wingless, more or less serrate on the margins at the
apex, nerved, plano-convex, equaling the ovate subacute scale; achenium
oblong-ovate, contracted at base, biconvex and apiculate. (C. Pardiei, Boott,
Ili.) Var. minor, Olney. Spikelets small, fewer; bracts scale-like—Rocky
Mountains of Colorado, (591 Hall & Harbour, according to Boott; 591 and
601? Vasey ;) California, (4903 and 6207 Bolander; 550 Torrey.) In the
Uintas, with the last; 9,500 feet altitude; August. (1,232.)

Carex Lacopina, Wahl. Spike oval or oblong, reddish-brown, naked,
composed of 3 (rarely 4-6) spikelets, staminate at base, the lowest or lower
ones wholly pistillate, the upper or all closely aggregated ; bracts scale-like,
broad, rarely exceeding the culm; stigmas 2; perigynium oval or elliptic-
lanceolate with a more or less tapering beak, or subrotund with a short ab-
rupt beak, the orifice entire and cleft in front, nerved on both sides, pale at
base, tawny above, wingless, plano-convex, smooth, toothed above on the
margins, longer than the ovate obtuse dusky scale, which has a white hya-
line margin. Root fibrous; culm 4-12’ high—Greenland; Rocky Mount-
ains of British America, (268 Drummond ;) California, near Ebbett’s Pass,
at 8,200 feet altitude, (2063 Brewer.) In the Uintas, with the last two spe-
cies. (1,233.)

Carex Leporina, L. Fi, Suec. Spike oblong, tawny, brown, composed
of 5-6 (rarely more) nearly round or obovate spikelets, staminate at base,
alternately contiguous, sometimes aggregated into an elliptical head, the high-
366 BOTANY.

est club-shaped; bracts sometimes filiform, not equal to the spikelets; stig-
mas 2; perigynium ovate, gradually tapering to a beak from an ovate base,
the orifice obliquely cut, winged, and serrated upon the margins above the
middle, nerved upon both sides, tawny, quite equaling the ovate-lanceolate
acute scale, which is whitish-hyaline with tawny margins; achenium oblong,
lenticular, stipitate, shining, chestnut-colored, apiculate at the base of the
style. Root woody-fibrous—Colorado, at 12,000 feet altitude, (599 and 600
Vasey.) Highest peak of the Clover Mountains, Nevada, and in a rocky
gorge of the Uintas above the head of Bear River; 11,000 feet, altitude ;
August, September. (1,234.)

Carex FESTIVA, Dewey. Spike ovate or nearly round, naked or bract-
eate, composed of 6-12 nearly round androgynous spikelets, staminate at
base, closely aggregated into a head; stigmas 2; perigynium ovate-ellipti-
cal, tapering to a beak, the whitish-hyaline orifice obliquely cut anteriorly and
finally bidentate, slightly nerved on both sides, winged, serrated on the mar-
gins above the middle, rusty-tawny, a little exceeding or about equaling the
lanceolate obtuse whitish-hyaline rusty-margined scale; achenium oblong-
obovate, abruptly apiculate, rusty-colored. Cespitose—From Great Bear
Lake to California, Colorado, (589 and 590 Hall & Harbour; 586 and 587
Vasey,) and New Mexico, (882 Fendler.) East and West Humboldt Mount-
ains and intervening ranges of Nevada, and in the Wahsatch and Uintas;
5-9,000 feet altitude; June-August. (1,235.)

Carex Haypentana, Olney. Spike ovate or nearly round, composed of
about six spikelets in a dense head staminate at base; bracts scale-like and
cuspidate ; perigynium ovate, tapering to a long beak with an obliquely cut
orifice, membranous, compressed, winged, doubly serrate on the margins,
faintly and few-nerved at base, yellowish, dark-purple at top or finally through-
out, spreading, longer than the ovate acute hyaline-margined scale; achenium
straw-colored, elliptic-lenticular. Root fibrous; culm 4-8’ high; leaves flat,
rough at top, narrow, shorter than the culm.—Allied to C. festiva. Cali-
fornia, (5074 Bolander ;) Uinta Mountains, Eastern Utah, (Dr. F. V. Hay-
den, 1870.)

CaREx ATHROSTACHYA, Olney. Spike ovate, straw-colored, rusty-tinged,
composed of 8-20 crowded spikelets, the lowest sometimes forming a re-
mote distinct head; bracts 3-5, leafy, involucre-like, expanded at base into a
hyaline margin, the lowest much longer than the culm; stigmas 2 ; perigyn-
CATALOGUE. 367

ium ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, tapering to a long bifid beak, spongy at base,
winged, serrate and waved on the margins, slightly nerved, shorter than or
nearly equaling the ovate-lanceolate acuminate scale, which is membranous
with bright rusty-colored margins. Root fibrous; culm 1-2° high, leafy.—
Yosemite Valley, California, (1650 Brewer, 552 Torrey, 6213 Bolander ;)
Colorado, (587 D., Vasey.) Truckee River, Nevada, near the Big Bend, (W.
W. Bailey ;) 4,000 feet altitude; August. (1,236.)

Var. minoR, Olney. California, (Brewer and Hillebrand.) Young
specimens from the Wahsatch Mountains may doubtfully be referred here ;
9,000 feet altitude ; August. (1,237.)

Carex Lippont, Boott. Spike erect, oblong, rusty-white, composed of
3-6 androgynous club-shaped spikelets, the upper half pistillate, the lower
staminate, contiguous, simple; bracts scale-like, long-acuminate; stigmas 2;
perigynium lanceolate, tapering toa bifid beak, deeply cleft in front, winged,
slightly nerved, compressed, loosely imbricated, bright rust-colored above,
longer than or nearly equaling the lanceolate acuminate, acute or cuspidate
scale, which is of a bright-rusty color, whitish-hyaline on the margins and
scabrous on the nerve; achenium lanceolate, stipitate. Culm 2-3° high,
exceeding the leaves.—On the Columbia River, (Scouler!) East Humboldt
Mountains, Nevada, near snow at 9,000 feet altitude; July, August. (1,238.)
References to doubtful plants that have been referred to this species are

omitted.
Carex sTRAMINEA, Schk. Throughout North America; Colorado, on

Hayden’s Survey, (Thomas, 422 Greene.) In the Uintas, on a snowy
divide between the Provo and Duchesne Rivers; 10,000 feet altitude ;
July. (1,239.)

Carex Limua, Fries., (not of Gray’s Manual.) Spikelets erect, 3-4,
the terminal one (or sometimes two) staminate, the remainder pistillate, often
with staminate flowers at the apex, oblong, cylindrical, the lowest peduncu-
late; bracts leafy, surpassing the culm, with small blackish auricles; stigmas
2; perygnium oblong, compressed, faintly nerved, exceeding or equaling the
black oblong single-nerved scale; achenium obovate, compressed. Culm
2~22° high, acutely angled; leaves erect, flat, rough on the margins, the
sheathing base-leaves not fibrillose—Colorado, at 11,300 feet altitude, (582
Vasey.) In the Uintas on the shore of a subalpine lake, with C. elongata,
&c.; 9,500 feet altitude; August. (1,240.)
368 BOTANY.

This seems to be a very distinct species, inhabiting high latitudes and
altitudes. Dr. Boott, in his ddustrations, refers it as a variety to C. vulgaris.
It has a stouter culm than that species, with longer and broader leaves and
bracts, rough upon the edges. Its perigynium is also nearly nerveless. In
Fl. Rossica it is referred to C. aquatilis, Var. 8. In Fries’ Summary, p. 229,
where this was described, there is evidently an omission of the syllable d
before stigmaticis.

CaREX VULGARIS, Fries, Var. suNCELLA, Fries. (C. aquatilis, Var. nar-

difolia, Wahl. C. angustifolia, 8m.) Spikelets 4-5, terminal one staminate,
(stamens brick-colored,) the remainder pistillate, the upper ones approximate
and the lower remote; stigmas 2; perigynium green, nerved; scale black.
Spikelets, culm, and leaves all slender, the latter elongated, “ convolute-fili-
form,” (Fries,) or “flat and convolute,” (Boott.)—Swedish Lapland speci-
mens from Prof. Andersson have their leaves flat. On the shores of Cotton-
wood Lake in the Wahsatch, and on Provo River in the Uintas; 79,000
feet altitude; July. (1,241.)

Carex Jamesu, Torr. Spikelets 5-6, the lowest sometimes peduncu-
late or rarely radical on a long peduncle, the two upper ones staminate, black-
ish-purple, (the stamens brick-colored,) the lower one small; pistillate spike-
lets 3, sometimes 4, oblong, cylindrical, densely flowered, the uppermost
sometimes with a few male flowers; bracts leafy, not usually sheathing, the
lowest sometimes short-vaginate and exceeding the culm; stigmas 2; peri-
gynium obovate, strongly nerved, glaucous or light-brown, the beak bidentate
or emarginate with the mouth slightly ciliated or toothed, longer than the
purplish-black scale, which has a greenish-white midrib; achenium orbic-
ular. Whole plant glaucous; culm 8-20’ high; leaves broad, leathery,
shorter than the culm, amplectant at base, the lower spreading and then
incurved, with pale sheaths—From the Platte, (48 Geyer, according to
Boott,) to Colorado, (James, Nuttall,) and New Mexico, (887 Fendler ;)
Southern Oregon, (Cronkhite, at 4,200 feet altitude;) California, Silver
Valley, (Bolander, at 8,000 feet altitude.) In Diamond and Ruby Valleys,
Nevada, and in the Wahsatch, near Salt Lake City; 4,500-6,000 feet alti-
tude; May-July. (1,242.)

Var. (C. Nebrashensis, Dewey. Sill. Jour., n. s., 18.102.) Spikelets
5-6, the two upper ones staminate with the lower one smaller, the remainder
(3, Sometimes 4) pistillate, short-cylindrical, densely flowered, the upper one
CATALOGUE. 369

staminate at top, the lower short-peduncled, with leafy bracts; lower bract
exceeding the culm and with a short sheath ; stigmas 2; perigynium spread-
ing, obovate or elliptical, slightly tapering at base, lenticular, apiculate,
bilobed or emarginate, the orifice toothed, nerved, a little shorter than the
acute or lanceolate dark-rusty scale, which has a whitish midrib. Root
stoloniferous ; culm 16-24’ high ; leaves leathery, broad, erect, nearly equal-
ing the culm.—The short rusty-colored spikes, more spreading perigynia,
stouter culm, and more rigidly erect leaves are surely not of sufficient value
to separate this from C. Jamesii. Fort Pierre, Nebraska, (Hayden ;) Clear
Creek, Colorado, (Greene.) Ruby Valley, Nevada; 6,000 feet altitude ;
September. (1,243.)

Carex ? Young specimens, with thick broad leaves, amplectant
at base; spikelets 7, blackish, the terminal one staminate, the rest pistillate,
increasing in length from the top to the base; perigynium elliptical, tapering
at base and to a bifid beak above, mouth toothed; scales black, with a rusty-
colored nerve; too young for determination. It is either new or of near

 

affinity to C. Jamesit, though the perigynium seems to be nerveless. Meadow
at head of Washoe Lake, Nevada; 5,000 feet altitude; May. (1244)
Carex Lactnrata,’ Boott. (C. Wilkesii, Torr., Ms. C. Sitchensis, Dew.,
not of Presc.) Spike elongated, brick-colored (light-rusty,) with 6 cylindric
elongated remote spikelets, the upper 1-2 staminate, the lower if present
small, (stamens bright-rusty,) the remainder pistillate, 25-34’ long, densely
flowered, the upper ones or all having a few staminate flowers at the apex,
the lower long-peduncled, slightly nodding; lower bracts very long, with
entire truncated sheath-like auricles ; stigmas 2; perigynium spreading, oval
or suborbicular-obovate, beaked, the mouth entire, emarginate or bifid, the
apex and margins sparsely toothed, more or less nerved, rusty-punctate,
lenticular-compressed, broader and shorter or longer than the lanceolate
hispid-aristate rusty-colored scale, which has a broad pale nerve and a ciliated

 

1CaREX Prescorriana, Boott. (C. Barbare, Dewey, in Bot. Mex. Bound., not in Hayden’s
Nebraska Coll.) Spikelets 6-10, cylindrical, densely flowered, sessile, the lower somewhat peduncled, the
staminate 1-2, slender, (sometimes thicker,) the rest pistillate with the fruit remote at base, the lower
with long leafy sheathless bracts; stigmas 2; perigynia broadly oval, subinflated, nerved, divergent,
beaked, the mouth emarginate-bidentate, ciliated, straw-colored or rusty-punctate, broader and longer
than the obtuse ovate hispid cuspidate purplish 3-nerved scale. Culm 2-3° high, triquetrous, rigid ;
leaves 4” wide.—Indian Territory, on the False Washita between Fort Cobb and Fort Arbuckle, (Palmer
1852;) California, near Santa Barbara, (Parry, 1855;) the fruit young in both cases, but developed into
shape. The affinity of this species seems rather to be with C. laciniata than with C. crinita as indicated
by Dr. Boott.

47
370 BOTANY.

apex; achenium ovate, rusty-olive. Culm 2- 3° high, rigidly erect, triquet-
rous, rough above and between the spikes ; the sheathing leaves long, fibril-
lose —California, (Hartweg, Coulter, &c.; 529, 672, 682, 683, 1566, 2629
and 8866 Brewer, and 27 Bolander.) Banks of the Provo River, in the
Wahsatch; 6,000 feet altitude; July. (1,245.)

Carex Warsont, Olney. New sp. Culm 18’ high, erect, leafy ; leaves
clasping at base, the 2 uppermost much exceeding the culm, the lower short
and sheathing; spikes 7, deep reddish-brown (claret,) the upper 4 staminate,
the topmost long and the rest short, all aggregated; barren scales acute,
lanceolate, hispid, aristate, membranous, deep-claret on the margins with a
pale 3-nerved centre, ciliate at the apex; stigmas 2, short; perigynium
deeply cleft, the bifid beak spreading and clothed with a few- lax hairs; scales
lanceolate, obtuse, hispid, aristate, the apex ciliate—Washoe Mountains, on a
creek-bank at the mouth of King’s Cafion near Carson City: 4,500 feet alti-
tude; May. This species has some slight resemblance to C. Schotéiz, a plant
found by Dr. Parry at Santa Barbara, California, and described by Dr. Dewey in
Bot. Mex. Bound. without the aid of stigma, style or perigynium and, I believe,
without leaves, yet looking so unlike any other American form that there was
little doubt that it was new to our Flora. The present plant differs from
that in its staminate and pistillate scales—and in what other points who can
tell? (1,246.)

Carex ricipA, Good. Greenland and the Arctic Regions of America;
California; Colorado; Northeastern Utah, in the Uintas, (Hayden, 1870.)
Clover Mountains, Nevada ; 10,000 feet altitude; September. Pursh mentions
a doubtful form from hemlock woods of Vermont and New Hampshire. (1,247.)

Carex saxaTinis, L. (C. pulla, Good.) Spikes 2-3, the staminate
single, the pistillate generally remote, the lowest peduncled ; bracts short,
erect ; stigmas 2; perigynium spreading, elliptic-globose, blackish-purple, pale
at base, beaked, emarginate at the orifice, nerveless, longer than the obtuse
ovate dark scale, which is membranous at the apex; achenium obovate, lentic-
ular-compressed, of a pale-rusty color—Greenland; Arctic America, accord-
ing to Boott, but this last is probably C. compacta, a quite distinct species.
Var. Mason. Spikes 4-5, cylindrical, bright-rusty, the staminate 2, rarely 1,
slender, acute, the pistillate 2-3, subremote, thick, obtuse, the lower pedun-
cled, sheathless and slightly nodding; stigmas 2; perigynium oblong-ovate,
beaked, bifurcate, inflated, few- and distinctly nerved, suberect, reddish-brown, *
CATALOGUE. 371

(rarely straw-color,) pale at base, twice as long as the acutely ovate dusty
scale, which is whitish at the apex and pale-nerved—No ripe achenia seen.
This is C. Grahamii, Boott, and in my opinion quite distinct from C. saxatilis.
Rocky Mountains of British America, (Drummond.) Shore of a subalpine
lake in the Uintas, with C. elongata and other species; 9,500 feet altitude ;
August. (1,248.)

Carex Aurea, Nutt. Canada to Wisconsin; Arctic America; in the
Rocky Mountains to California. Ruby Valley and East Humboldt Mountains,
Nevada; 6-9,000 feet altitude; July-September. (1,249.)

Var. anDRoGyNa, Olney. Culms short, more rigid; leaves erect, broader;
upper spikes more closely aggregated and denser flowered, the upper spike
generally androgynous, having more or less fertile flowers at the top—Penn-
sylvania, Presque Isle, (A. P. Garber ;) Lake Superior, North Mine, (Agassiz,)
Thunder. Bay, (J. Macoun;) Rocky Mountains of British America, (Drum-
mond, in Herb. Torr. ;) Colorado, Dudley’s Ranch, (E. L. Greene.) Uintas;
8,000 feet altitude; July. (1,250.) .

Carex Maceuuanica, Lam. (C. irrigua, Sm., Gray's Man.) New
England, New York, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin. On the margin of a sub-
alpine lake in the Uintas, with C. elongata and other species; 9,500 feet
altitude; August. (1,251.)

Carex arrata, L. Mountains of California and Colorado, (Hall &
Harbour, 597 Vasey.) Uintas, near head of Bear River; 10,000 feet alti-
tude; August; also found in the Uintas by Hayden, 1870. (1,252.)

Var. nicRrA, Boott. Collected in Colorado by Hall & Harbour, Vasey,

(596,) and E. L. Greene—by the latter in a deep swamp, at 8,000 feet
altitude. Moist rocky ridges in the East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and
in the Uintas; 9-11,000 feet altitude; August. (1,253.)
Carex Buxzaumu, Wahl. From New England and Wisconsin to Arctic
America, southward along the Alleghanies, and in the western mountains to
Colorado, Texas, (Wright,) and California. On a subalpine lake in the
Uintas, with C. elongata, &c.; 9,500 feet altitude; August. (1,254.)

Carex Frigipa, All. Spike elongated, rusty-black, composed of 4-8
oblong spikelets, the terminal one staminate and remainder pistillate, the
upper contiguous and sessile, the lower remote and exsertly pedunculate ;
bracts sheathing, shorter than the culm; stigmas 3; perigynium triangular,
‘ lanceolate, tapering to a beak, bifid at the orifice, nerved, smooth, hispid on
372 BOTANY.

the margin, at first greenish, becoming rusty-brown, whitish at base, longer
than the ovate acuminate mucronate scale; achenium oval, stipitate. Root
stoloniferous, creeping; culm 8’—2° high, leafy at base; culm-leaves short,
with turgid sheaths—In the Wahsatch, Utah, (1,255,) and also doubtfully in
the East Humboldt and Clover Mountains, Nevada; 9-10,000 feet altitude ;
August, September. (1,256.)

Carex Raynoupsu, Dewey, 1861. (C.Lyallii, Boott. Lust. 151, 1867.)
Spike oblong, yellowish-purple, with 4-5 oblong spikes, the upper 3 con-
tiguous, the lower pedunculate and remote, the terminal one staminate, sessile,
the rest pistillate with a few staminate flowers at the top; bracts leafy, the
lower one long, the next equal to the spikelet, not sheathing; stigmas 3;
perigynium obovate or ovate, ventricose, abruptly rostrate, the orifice entire
or emarginate, yellowish with the beak purple, equally nerved, smooth,
divergent, coriaceous, wider and longer than the blackish-purple ovate-
lanceolate more or less sharply pointed scale; achenium ovate, triquetrous.—
Nebraska, Henry’s Fork, at 5,000 feet altitude, (Hayden, June 1860;)
Washington Territory, Cascade Mountains, (Lyall, August 1860 ;) California,
10-12,000 feet altitude, (1793, 1803, 1863 and 1968 Brewer; Bolander.)
In the Wahsatch and Uintas; 8,500-10,000 feet altitude; July. (1,257.)

Carvx Geyer, Boott. (C. phyllostachya, Dew., in Bot. Mex. Bound.,
not of Meyer.) Spike simple, androgynous, the top cylindric and staminate,
pale or at length bright-rusty, with 1-5 pistillate flowers at the base, remote
and erect with the rachis; stigmas 3; perigynium oval-trigonous, produced
at base, short-beaked, entire at the orifice, whitish-hyaline, membranous,
smooth, with two prominent nerves, shorter than the broad ovate obtuse or
acute sheathing cuspidate or foliaceous scale, which is whitish with a green
nerve.—California, Yosemite Valley, 7,000 feet altitude, (1635 and 3903
Brewer, 544 Torrey,) and Ukiah, (1826 Bolander ;) Colorado, (598 Vasey.)
In the Wahsatch on a dry wooded ridge near Salt Lake City; 5,000 feet
altitude; May. (1,258.)

Carex concinna, Brown. Spikelets 3-4, rarely 5, small, few-flowered,
for the most part crowded or approximate, the terminal one staminate, small,
oblong, subsessile, rarely pistillate at the top or throughout, the rest all
pistillate, oval, densely flowered, the lower inserted or briefly pedunculate,
erect, often compound at base; sheaths short-cuspidate, or the lowest longer
and leafy-subulate ; stigmas 8, smooth; perigynium triquetrous, oval, atten-
CATALOGUE. ate

uated below or obovate, beaked with the orifice emarginate, rusty or pale-green,
strigose-hairy, with 2 marginal nerves, narrower and twice as long as the
broad ovate obtuse purple scale, which has a broad whitish-hyaline ciliated
margin; achenium stipitate and triquetrous, rusty—Arctic America, (Rich-
ardson;) Rocky Mountains of British America, (Drummond, according to
Boott ;) subarctic Alaska, (Onion, Kinnicott and Hardisty.) On Cottonwood
Lake in the Wahsatch ; 9,000 feet altitude; July. (1,259.)

Carex Rossi, Boott. Spikelets 4-5, pale, few-flowered, the terminal one
staminate, the rest pistillate, each of 3-6 alternate and distinct flowers, the
upper 3 spikes approximate, the lower remote, exsertly but unequally long-
pedunculate; an upper bract surpassing the culm, the lower sheathed, and
all but the lower short-peduncled; stigmas 3; perigynium oval, stipitate,
long-beaked, bifid, pubescent, nerveless, equaling the ovate-lanceolate
acute or cuspidate scale; achenium globose-triangular, obtuse—Rocky
Mountains, latitude 52°, (Drummond;) Colorado, (620 Hall & Harbour,
592 and 592 A. of Vasey, E. L. Greene;) New Mexico, (889 Fendler.)
East’ Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch and Uintas;
8-9,000 feet altitude; July-September. (1,260.)

CaREX CAPILLARIS, L. New Hampshire, New York, and on Lake
Michigan; on the Saskatchewan, (Bourgeau,) and northward, (Richardson ;)
Colorado, (Parry, Hall & Harbour, Greene.) On Cottonwood Lake in the
Wahsatch; 9,000 feet altitude; July. (1,261.)

Carex LANucinosa, Michx. From New England to Kentucky, and
north and westward to the Saskatchewan, Mackenzie River and Oregon;
Colorado and New Mexico. Inthe Shoshone and East Humboldt Mountains,
Nevada, and in the Wahsatch and Uintas; 6—7,000 feet altitude; June-
August. (1,262.)

CAREX @MATHORHYNCHA, Desv. Fv. Chil. 6. 224. Spikes 4, cylindric,
erect, approximate, dense-flowered, the 2 upper staminate with the lower
scales obtuse, ciliate and purple, white upon the margins, the rest pistillate
and the lowest sometimes peduncled ; bracts leafy, the lower equaling the
culm; stigmas 3; perigynium ovate, beaked, emarginate or bidentate, clothed
with long hairs, nerved, rusty-colored, pale at the base, the beak purple,
shorter than or equaling the oval acuminate or acute purple scale; achenium
oval, triquetrous, with the base of the style contorted—This species seems
too near C. danuginosa. Dr. Boott in Id/ust. states its affinity to be with C-

*
374 BOTANY.

Beechyana. On p.207 of the same work, he thinks future observers may unite
this species, C. danuginosa, and others, to what’ he would call the typical
form, C. filitormis, L. Mariposa, California, (in Herb. Torr., from Herb.
Boott.;) New Mexico, (261 Thurber, a paler plant than usual, named C.
lanuginosa, in Bot. Mex. Bound.; Dr. Palmer.) Stream-bank in the Havallah
Mountains, Nevada, and near the mouth of Jordan River, Utah; 4,300-6,500
feet altitude; June. (1,263.)

Carex ARISTATA, Brown. Arctic America and the Rocky Mountains
of British America, (Richardson, Drummond;) Canada, (Macoun;) New
Mexico, Fort Defiance, (Dr. Palmer.) In Ruby Valley, Nevada, and banks
of the Jordan near its mouth, Utah; 4,300-6,000 feet altitude; June—Sep-
tember. (1,264.)

CaREX UTRICULATA, Boott. From New England to Ohio; British
America, Cumberland House, (Richardson.) Ruby Valley, Nevada, and in
the Wahsatch and Uintas; 6,000 feet altitude; July. (1,265.)

Var. #. Minor, Boott. From New England to California. Ruby Valley,
Nevada; 6,000 feet altitude; July. (1,266.)

Var. eLososa, Olney. A form with sessile globular spikes. California,
in the Sierras at 8,000 feet, (6197 Bolander.) Thousand Spring Valley,
Nevada; 6,000 feet altitude; September. (1,267.) Specimens from the
shore of Cottonwood Lake in the Wahsatch are interesting as showing pro-
liferous perigynia, which give an unusual appearance to the spikelets; 9,000
feet altitude; July. (1,268.) Anunusual form from Ruby Valley, Nevada,
I also refer to this species; 6,000 feet altitude; August. (1,269.) C. utri-
culata, as long ago indicated by its author, has much closer affinities with C.
vesicaria than with C. ampullacea.

Carex vusicaria, L. Oregon and California. Onthe margin of a sub-
alpine lake in the Uintas; 9,500 feet altitude; August; this resembles C.
utriculata, but differs in its staminate spike, scales and perigynium. Also on
a stream bank in Huntington Valley, Nevada, having conical fruit but no ripe
achenia ; 6,000 feet altitude; August. (1,270.)

Carex amPuLLaces, Good, if restricted to the ordinary European form
with canaliculate involute leaves, has no representative in these specimens
from Nevada and Utah. The American specimens that I have seen of this
type are from Maine, outlet of Moosehead Lake, (C. E. Smith,) Michigan,
Portage River, (Prof. Porter,) and Minnesota, (Dr. J. Leidy.) There are
CATALOGUE. 375

several forms which from their elliptic or elliptic-oblong perigynia may be
referred to this species, possibly among them one from Huntington Valley,
Nevada, but destitute of developed achenia. (1,27 1 j

GRAMINE.

ALOPECURUS ARISTULATUS, Mx. Northern States and Canada to Bear
Lake; Washington Territory and California; Colorado; Indian Territory,
(390 Palmer, 1868.) Valleys of Nevada, and Parley’s Park in the Wahsatch;
4—6,000 feet altitude ; June-September. The awn varies in length, scarcely
exceeding the palet, or often nearly twice longer, but always much more
slender than in A. geniculatus, and not deflected ; culms 6-20' high. (1,272.)

PuuruM pratense, L. Ruby Valley; meadow. Introduced. (1,273.)

Puteum aupinum, L. White Mountains; Greenland; Sitka; and at
alpine and subalpine heights in the Rocky Mountains southward to Colorado
and California. Moist banks in the East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and
not rare in the Uintas; 8-9,000 feet altitude; July, August. Culms 6-15’
high. (1,274.)

VILFA CRYPTANDRA, Torr. (Sporobolus, Gray.) Coast of New England
and on the Great Lakes; Western Iowa, (Nicolet;) and from Colorado to
Texas and Western Arizona, (Ives.) West Humboldt Mountains, (562
Torrey,) and on dry hill-sides in Monitor Valley, Nevada; 5,500 feet alti-
tude; July. Perennial; leaves spreading; axils of the panicle very often
naked. (1,275.)

VILFA AIROIDES, Trin. Steud. Gram. 162. (Sporobolus, Torr.) Resem-
bling the last, but the panicle mostly exserted, very open and spreading, the
flowers all on distinct pedicels; axils naked; culms with a short thick hase
from an annual or perhaps biennial root; leaves usually erect and convolute.—
Northern Texas and New Mexico; Colorado; California. On the Truckee
River, Nevada, and on Carrington Island in Salt Lake; 4-4,300 feet altitude ;
June-August. (1,276.)

Vitra asperiFouia, Nees & Meyen. Steud. Gram. 160. (Sporobolus,
Thurb.) Culms branching at base from running rootstocks, decumbent and
often rooting, 6-15’ long, glabrous; the smooth naked sheaths equaling or
exceeding the internodes; leaves flat, very rough upon the margins, acumi-
nate, 1-3’ long, and 1” broad, the lowermost sheaths leafless; panicle very
loose and spreading, 3-6’ long, sheathed at base, the branches mostly solitary
376 BOTANY.

and axils naked, the branchlets and long capillary pedicels very scabrous ;
spikelets less than 1” long, frequently 2-flowered, the glumes slightly une-
qual, hispid upon the back, acute, a third shorter than the nearly equal palets ;
lower palet submucronate, the upper obtuse——The specimens accord very
well with the description of the Chilian plant, and also much resemble forms
of Eragrostris capillaris. Mono Lake, California, (6095 Bolander ;) Colorado,
(641 Hall & Harbour, 630 Vasey ;) also 571 and 571* Torrey, from Western
Nevada. On alkaline soils in Carson, Unionville and Ruby Valleys, Nevada ;
46,000 feet altitude; August-October. (1,277.)

Vitra RamuLOsA, HBK. Steud. Gram. 158. (Sporobolus, Kth.) Root
annual, fibrous; culms very slender, branching from the base, 3-10’ high;
sheaths usually exceeding the internodes and glabrous or slightly hairy ; leaves
flat or convolute, 1-2’ long, 4-1” wide, recurved, roughish; panicle elon_
gated, often sheathed at base, very loose and spreading, with scattered branch-
lets ; spikelets scarcely $” long, obtusish, on capillary pedicels; glumes nearly
equal, minutely hairy upon the margin or naked; palets obtuse, nearly twice
longer—Mono Lake, California, (6096 Bolander;) Colorado, (643 Hall &
Harbour.) Banks of the Truckee River; Nevada; 4,000 feet altitude ;
July. (1,278.)

Vitra DEPAUPERATA, Torr. Hook, Fl. Bor-Amer, 2. 257, t. 236. Root
perennial, creeping; culms ascending, appressed-branched, slender, often ge-
niculate, glabrous, striate, rather rigid, $-2° long; leaves 1-3’ long, narrow
and usually convolute, spreading or recurved; panicle very slender and con-
tracted, 1-3’ long, compound or often nearly simple; spikelets small; glumes
unequal, ovate, obtuse or acutish, membranous, two-thirds the length of the
acute lower palet, which is more or less obscurely 3-nerved—Resembling
V. cuspidata and scarcely differing except in the shorter obtuse glumes of the
rather smaller flowers. Lower palet a little more than 1” long, glabrous or
slightly scabrous on the midnerve, the upper one obtuse or erose at the sum-
mit, not seen bifid as described and figured by Hooker. From Western
Texas and New Mexico to Colorado and the Saskatchewan; California.
Ruby and Huntington Valleys, Nevada, abundant and forming a dense turf;
also in Washoe and Carson Valleys, (563 and 566 Torrey ;) 4-6,000 feet alti-
tude; July, August. (1,279.) |

Var. Fitirormis, Thurber, Ms. Culms low and very slender, 2-8’
high; panicle about 1’ long and nearly simple; glumes shorter, less than 4”
CATALOGUE. 377

long; lower palet acute, cuspidate or even short-awned, minutely pilose upon
the midvein and margin.—Yosemite Valley, California, (6091 Bolander,) and
near Donner Lake, (565 Torrey.) East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, at
7,000 feet altitude, (1,280,) and the short-awned form (1,281) in the Uintas,
Bear River Cafion, at 8,000 feet altitude; August, September. The Califor-
nian specimens are mostly annual.

Agrostis scaBra, Willd. From Florida to Canada, the Saskatchewan
and Bear Lake, and west to Arkansas, Kansas and Dakota; Unalaska; Cali-
fornia. East and West Humboldt Mountains and in Ruby Valley, Nevada;
5-7,000 feet altitude; August, September. (1,282.)

AGROSTIS EXARATA, Trin. Steud. Gram. 165. Root biennial, fibrous ;
culms simple, erect, 1-2° high; ligules obtuse, 1-2” long; leaves flat, linear,
(1-3" wide, 2-4’ long,) the radical ones narrower ; somewhat scabrous; pan-
icle usually contracted and dense, 2-4’ long, the rays 8-5 or more at each
axil, semi-verticillate, flowering from the base, erect; glumes acute or sub-
acuminate, scabrous on the back, slightly unequal, 1-2” long; lower palet
usually nearly a half shorter, erose-truncate, very rarely awned above the mid-
dle, glabrous or a little hairy at base, the upper one a little smaller than the
ovary.—Sitka and Unalaska, and from Washington Territory to California ;
Colorado, (664 Vasey,) Arizona and New Mexico. East and West Humboldt
Mountains, Nevada, on stream-banks; 5-6,000 feet altitude; August, Septem-
ber. (1,283.)

Var. (A. microphylla, Steud. Syn. Gram. 164. Torrey, Pac. R. R.
Surv. 4. 154.) Leaves and sheaths scabrous; glumes nearly equal, tapering
to a long slender point, the lower one rough on the keel; lower palet less
than half as long as the glumes, truncate with 4 short teeth at the summit,
awned a little below the middle with a bent scabrous bristle, equaling or more
frequently twice longer than the glumes, rarely wanting; upper palet small
or nearly obsolete; callus somewhat bearded.—An examination of numerous
specimens in Herbs. Torrey. and Eaton. seemed to show this to be distinct
from the last species, though approaching it and both forms quite variable.
Dr. Bolander, however, is confident of their identity. Common in California.
On the Truckee River and in the West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada;
4-5,000 feet altitude; July-November. (1,284.)

Acrostis canna, L. Maine to New York and in the mountains south-

ward to North Carolina; Greenland, (Kane;) Sitka, (Bongard;) Wash-
48
378 BOTANY.

ington Territory, (Tolmie;) California, (6472 Bolander;) Colorado, (673
Hall & Harbour.) Clover Mountains, Nevada; 11,000 feet altitude ; Sep-
tember. A dwarf alpine form, 2-5’ high, the glumes and palets dark-
purple. (1,285.)

Acrostis ELaTA, Trin. (?) 559° Torrey, collected near Lake Washoe,
Nevada, is very nearly this species, which, however, has been found only
eastward, in swamps, from New Jersey to North Carolina.

Potypocon Monsreurensis, Desf. A single specimen of what seems to
be this species, 2-8’ high, was collected near Unionville in the West Hum-
boldt Mountains, Nevada. Frequent in California from Mt. Tejon northward ;
perhaps indigenous. (1,286.)

MvuBLENBERGIA GLOMERATA, Trin. From the Northern States and Ar-
kansas to the Saskatchewan, Rocky Mountains of Oregon, Idaho and New
Mexico. East Humboldt Mountains and Goose Creek Valley, Nevada; 6,000
feet altitude; September. (1,287.)

Muutenpercia syzvatica, T. & G. Var. (2) sevictumis. Culms 1°
high, nearly erect; panicle contracted nearly as in M. glomerata, the branches
solitary and densely flowered, mostly to the base; glumes attenuate into a
scabrous bristle, 24-8” long; the palet, with its awn, about twice longer—
Near warm springs in Humboldt Pass, Nevada; 6,000 feet altitude; Sep-
tember. (1,288.) The typical form of the species has not hitherto been
collected beyond the limits of Gray’s Manual, though several Texan and New
Mexican forms (M. monticola and pauciflora, Buckley, &c.) have been referred
to it. |

Vaseya! comaTa, Thurb. Proc. Acad. Phil., March, 1863, p. 79. Culms
1-2° high, erect, slender, glabrous, leafy, the nodes puberulent ; sheaths and
leaves scabrous; ligules short; leaves linear, flat, 3-4’ long and 2” wide,
mostly erect ; panicle 3-4’ long, usually purplish and shining, the branchlets
puberulent, solitary, branched and densely many-flowered to the base; spike-
lets short-pedicelled; glumes very narrow, 14” long, acuminate, slightly sca-
rious on the back; palets 1” long, the rough awn 2-5” in length—With
wholly the habit of a Muhlenbergia and distinguishable only by the longer
hairs surrounding the base of the flowers. Nebraska and Colorado; Sierras

1VASEYA, TuurBEer. Spikelets 1-flowered, membranous-herbaceous, in a narrow crowded pani-
cle. Glumes 1-nerved, equaling or exceeding the flowers, nearly equal, the lower usually a little longer.
Callus oblique, densely bearded with silky hairs equaling the flower. Palets equal, the lower 3-nerved,.
attenuate into a long awn, the upper acuminate. Stamens 3. Ovary stipitate.

i Stigmas plumose with
long simple hairs.—Perennial from running rootstocks.
CATALOGUE. 379

of California. Creek-banks in Huntington Valley, Nevada; 6,000 feet alti-
tude; August. (1,289.)

Catamacrostis stricta, Trin, New England and Canada to the Sas-
katchewan; Greenland, (Kane,) and Behring Strait : Minnesota, (Nicolet, )
Colorado, (Hall & Harbour,) and Washington Territory. Stream-banks in
the East and West Humboldt Mountains and Diamond Valley, Nevada, and
in the Salt Lake and Bear River Valleys, Utah; 4,300-6,500 feet altitude ;
June-September. Panicle larger and less strict than described. The species
is referred by Munro to C. Lapponica. (1,290.)

CaLAMAGROsSTIS syLvaTIcA, DC. Gray's Revis. Calam., Proc. Amer.
Acad. 6. 80. Root creeping; culm simple, erect, rather rigid, glabrous or
scabrous below the panicle; leaves mostly revolute, scabrous; panicle con-
tracted, 2-4’ long, the branchlets erect; glumes ovate-lanceolate, sharply
acuminate, about 3” long; lower palet scabrous, rather rigid, awned near the
base, hairs about one-fourth as long as the palet; rudiment elongated, plu-
mose; awn bent and twisted, exceeding the glumes.—Arctic Coast, the Sas-
katchewan region, and in the Rocky Mountains to Colorado; California. East
Humboldt Mountains; 10,000 feet altitude; August. (1,291.)

Ertocoma' cusprpata, Nutt. Perennial; culms 1-2° high, simple,
rather rigid and somewhat scabrous; sheaths scabrous, equaling the inter-
nodes, the upper ones often dilated; leaves narrow, convolute, elongated,
(2-18’;) panicle frequently included at base, dichotomously branched, the
spikelets solitary upon capillary peduncles; glumes 23-4” long, usually more
or less purple, pubescent; outer palet deep brown, 14” long, the nearly
straight triquetrous awn 13-2” long —From New Mexico to Northern Dakota
and the Saskatchewan, and west to Arizona, California and Oregon. A fre-
quent and valuable ‘bunch grass” through Nevada and in Utah, at 4-8,000
feet altitude; June—October. Growing in the dryest soils, and retaining its
seeds through the season. (1,292.)

Stipa sparteA, Trin. From Illinois and Northern Michigan to the Sas-
katchewan and Upper Missouri, and in the Rocky Mountains, (Lyall.) Reese

 

1ERIOCOMA, Nourr. Spikelets 1-flowered, in a loose open panicle. Glumes thin, nearly equal,
strongly 3-nerved, subventricose at base, attenuate-rostrate above, somewhat exceeding the persistent
flower. Callus short, thick. Palets rigid, coriaceous, the outer oval, densely covered throughout with
long white silky hairs, and terminated with a short stout deciduous awn, the upper included, narrower,
scarcely shorter. Stamens 2-3; anthers oblong-linear, bearded at the apex. Scales conspicuous, nearly
equaling the oblong seed.—Steudel in his description of Fendler’s specimen, (under Fendleria,) describes a
neuter floret as a single very thin palet, much narrower and shorter than the glumes. This is usually
only indicated by a very short and thick process at the base of the upper palet.
380 BOTANY.

Valley and in the East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 5—7,000 feet altitude ;
July. (1,293.) Quite variable in the length of the glumes, (8-20’,) palet,
(4-10”,) and awn, (24-8’:) Leaves and nodes never pubescent, lower palet
rather spreading-pilose, the awn twice geniculate, usually pubescent toward
the base. The species seems not to extend southward. In Texas and New
Mexico S. Neesiana, Trin., (S. setigera, Presl., and probably also S. celiata,
Scheele, and S. deucotricha, Trin.,) takes its place, a rather smaller grass with
more slender culms, pubescent upon the leaves and nodes, and the palet fim-
briate-crowned ; collected by Wright, and 980 Fendler, (but near S. spartea,)
and also occurring in California.

Srrpa comara, Trin. Steud. Gram. 130. It is not easy to find constant
characters to distinguish this species from S. spartea, other than the always
elongated (6-8’) once-geniculate awn, glabrous toward the base or with a
single pubescent line, very slender and much curled and twisted; panicle
always sheathed at base, the branchlets with but 1-2 spikelets ; palet 5-8”
long, the hairs more silky and appressed. On the Saskatchewan, and on the
Upper Missouri from Dakota to Northern Idaho, and southward. Mono Lake,
California, (Bolander.) Foot-hills of the Truckee Range, Western Nevada,
and on Stansbury Island in Salt Lake; 4-5,000 feet altitude; May. (1,294.)

STIPA viRIDULA, Trin. Steud. Gram. 129. Culms stout, strict, and
with the narrow sheaths scabrous or sometimes glabrate, 1-34° high, the
nodes naked; leaves elongated, mostly narrow and involute, 1-3’ broad,
scabrous; panicle narrow, contracted, 3-10’ long, the erect branches 2-3 to-
gether, flowering from the base or some of them naked below; glumes nearly
equal, 3-44” long, narrowly acuminate ; lower palea 24-3’ long, short-pilose
at the obtusish base, appressed-pubescent above, and with a pilose crown at
the apex; awn about 1’ long, twisted and geniculate, minutely scabrous.—
From the Saskatchewan to Arkansas, Colorado and New Mexico; California,
(Bolander.) 849 Fendler and 349. Gregg are a very stout form with large
and dense panicles. East and West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 8,000
feet altitude; August. (1,295.)

Stipa OCCIDENTALIS, Thurb., Ms. in Bol. Coll. Culms 1-2° high, slender,
with the narrow sheaths somewhat scabrous; nodes naked; leaves very nar-
row, flat or mostly involute, rough on the margin; panicle often sheathed at
base, contracted, few-flowered, 2-6’ long, the branches in pairs, 2—4-flowered ;
glumes 5” long, purplish, a little unequal, acuminate; lower palet 34” long,
CATALOGUE, 381

silky-pubescent especially at base, the callus short and acute; awn 14’ long,
twisted and geniculate, densely pilose below, scabrous above-—Yosemite
Trail, California, (5038 Bolander.) Pah-Ute Range, Nevada; 5,000 feet
altitude; June. (1,296.)

Stipa Moneonica, Turcz., (648 Hall & Harbour,) will probably be
found in Eastern Utah; slender, 1° in height, with filiform leaves and a loose
few-flowered panicle; the membranous glumes obtuse, about 2” long, sub-
equal, purplish, and the scarcely shorter hairy palet ending in a bent plumose
awn, 6” in length. An easily recognized species. A third plumose-awned
Stipa occurs in New Mexico, (981 Fendler,) with long setaceous-acuminate
glumes, 2’ in length, the palet 6-8” and the awns as many inches long. This
has been considered by Prof. Thurber a variety of S. pennata, L.

ARISTIDA PuRPUREA, Nutt. Steud. Gram. 134. Perennial ; culms 6-15’
high, simple, erect, slender, mostly glabrous; sheaths narrow, scabrous, ex-
ceeding the internodes, pilose at the throat; leaves very narrow, convolute,
3-10’ long; panicle slender, erect or flaccid, 3-6’ long, loosely few-flowered ;
glumes purplish, the lower 6-9” long, about twice exceeding the lower, and
longer than the flower, bifid and shortly awned; flower densely short-pilose
at the pointed base, scabrous above, 6” long, the awns equal or nearly so,
separate to the base, not jointed, 1-2” long, scabrous—From Western Texas
and New Mexico to Arkansas and Colorado; Arizona. Antelope Island in
Salt Lake, and on foot-hills near Salt Lake City; May, June. A. Fendleri-
ana, Steud., is the same, and perhaps also his A. dongiseta, judging from the
description. (1,297.)

SPARTINA GRACILIS, Trin. Steud. Gram. 214. Culms 1-3° high, exceed-
ing the spreading distichous leaves, which are very rough upon the margins,
mostly convolute, the upper ones distant and shorter; ligules ciliate; spikes
4-10, oblong, mostly sessile, appressed to the nearly smooth rachis; glumes
very unequal, the lower acuminate, the upper acute and equaling the obtusish
palets, 4” long, the glumes and lower palet ciliate-hispid upon the keel—
Texas and Colorado. Frequent in alkaline meadows throughout Nevada ;
4—6,000 feet altitude; June—October. (1,298.)

PrevrapHis' Jamesu, Torr. Steud. Gram. 218. Roots perennial,

1 PLEURAPHIS, Torr. Flowers spicate, the spikelets sessile by threes at each joint of the rachis,
surrounded at base by an involucre of soft spreading hairs, the lateral ones staminate, the central per-
fect. Glumes of the perfect spikelets 2, 1-flowered, equal, narrow-cuneate, deeply 2-cleft, 3-5-bristled ;
palets membranous, the lower short-awned at the apex. Glumes of the sterile spikelets 2, 2-flowered,
lanceolate, inequilateral, the lower 1-awned upon the back; palets membranous, awnless. Stamens 3,
with very short filaments. Germ ovate; styles 2, distinct, the elongated stigmas simply plumose.

 
382 BOTANY.

creeping; culms 1-14° high, branching at base, erect, slender, slightly scab-
rous, hairy at the nodes, with the leaves glaucous; sheaths close, scabrous,
hairy at the throat, the stipule laciniate; leaves 1-6’ long, mostly convolute,
rigid, scabrous, the upper ones short and pungent; spike 2-3’ long, erect, the
internodes of the flexuous rachis shorter than the erect (4” long) spikelets ;
flowers short-pedicelled or nearly sessile in the glumes; glumes of the perfect
spikelet ciliate, carinate, cleft nearly to the middle, the lobes 1-nerved on the
inner margin, with 8-5 intermediate bristles, the central one longer; palets
exceeding the glumes, the lower 3-nerved, bifid at the apex, short-cuspidate,
the upper a little shorter, 2-nerved and slightly bifid; scales linear, entire ;
glumes of the sterile spikelets equaling the palets, the lower ciliate, slightly
2-cleft, awned above the middle, the outer side 2-nerved, the inner margin
much narrower and infolded, the upper glume emarginate or erose, cuspidate
with a strong midnerve, the broader outer side also 2—3-nerved ; palets emar-
ginate or irregularly toothed at the apex, the lower 3-nerved, the upper
2-nerved.—The specimens differ from the original description and figure in
having the palets less distinctly toothed and the glumes occasionally with but
3 bristles. Northern Texas and Indian Territory to New Mexico and West-
erm Arizona. Monitor Valley, Nevada, and on Carrington Island in Salt
Lake; 4,500-5,500 feet altitude; June, July. (1,299.)

Eremocuior' Kine. Very low and tufted, 1-3’ high, nearly glabrous;

 

!EREMOCHLOE. Panicle short and contracted, simple or nearly so. Spikelets 4-flowered, the
two lower flowers neutral, the uppermost reduced to a stipitate villous triple awn. Glumes 2, membra-
nous, carinate, 1-nerved, acute, glabrous, rather exceeding the flowers, the lower a little the shorter.
Palets membranous, the lower 2-cleft to the middle, 3-nerved, the nerves strongly villous, produced and
aristate, the middle one longest, the lobes in the neutral florets obtuse, in the perfect flower attenuate ;
upper palet shorter, bicarinate, 2-nerved, 2-lobed or 2-toothed at the apex, imperfectly developed in the
neutral florets. Stamens 2. Styles 2, the elongated stigmas very minutely hairy. Grain free, sessile,
obovate, smooth.—Low biennial desert grasses, with fibrous roots, the sheaths bearded at the throat and
often ciliate, the leaves short, rigid, revolute-setaceous, striate and pungent.

Closely allied to the section Triplasis of Tricuspis, but the neutral florets at the base of the spike-
lets, with the upper palet imperfectly developed, the nearly naked stigmas of the single perfect flower,
and the peculiar rudimeutary terminal floret, seem sufficient grounds for its separation. An earlier known
species, first collected by Wright (2028) on the Rio Grande in Southern New Mexico, was afterwards col-
lected in the same region by Bigelow and recognized by Prof. Thurber as distinct from Tricuspis, but has
remained hitherto unnamed and unpublished. A description and figure are appended.

EREMocuHLOE BicrLovu. Taller, 6-10' high, glabrous, the culms erect from a leafy branching
tufted base, naked with 2-3 approximate leaves below the panicle; sheaths not ciliate; panicle subsim-
ple, 4-1’ long; spikelets short-pedicelled, the flowers nearly as in /. Kingit; glumes 3” long, rather ob-
tuse; lower palets of the neutral flowers slightly longer, (2} long,) the upper also longer, linear, with
short obtuse lobes ; lower flower with a delicate very narrowly linear scale (?) exceeding the upper palet;
upper palet of the perfect flower rather narrower, with deeper acute entire lobes. PLATE XL. Fig. 1. A
single stem; naturalsize. Fig.2. Glumes. Fig.3. Neutral florets. Fig. 4. A lower palet. Fig. s, Upper
palet of lower flower, with the elongated scale. Fig. 6. Upper palet of second flower. Fig. 7. Perfect
floret and terminal rudiment. Fig. 8. Upper palet of perfect flower. Fig. 9. Mature seed; all magnified
four diameters.
CATALOGUE. 383

sheaths ciliate, dilated; leaves 6-9 long; panicle short, spicate, usually
sheathed at base; spikelets few, glumes 34’ long, acuminate, purplish; lower
palet of the nearly sessile florets 2” long, very villous at base, lobes rounded
at the apex, lateral nerves marginal and but shortly produced ; upper palets
one-half shorter, oblanceolate, acutely 2-lobed at the apex, the nerves obscure,
marginal and slightly ciliate, the palet of the lower flower the larger ; lower
palet of the perfect flower similar but naked at base, the lateral lobes narrower
and attenuate upward, the middle awn somewhat margined above the sinus ;
upper palet ovate, 2-lobed at the apex, the lobes rounded and irregularly
short-serrate—Found on dry barren foot-hills of the Trinity Mountains,
Nevada; 4,500 feet altitude ; May; also found by Dr. Torrey on foot-hills
east of Carson Sink. Prats XL. Fig. 10. A plant; natural size. Fig. 11.
Glumes. Fig. 12. Lower neutral florets. Figs. 13 and 14. Their upper
palets. Fig. 15. Perfect flower and terminal rudiment. Fig. 16. Upper
palet; all magnified four diameters. (1,300.)

Keweria cristata, Pers. From Pennsylvania to Illinois and the Sas-
katchewan, thence south and westward to Arkansas, Northern Texas, Colo-
rado, Utah, Northern California and Washington Territory. Antelope Island
in Salt Lake, and in the Wahsatch ; 4,500-6,000 feet altitude; June. (1,301.)

Eatonta oprusata, Gray. From Pennsylvania to Florida and westward
to Wisconsin and the Saskatchewan, Arkansas and Texas; Mono Lake, Cali-
fornia, (Bolander.) Truckee and East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada;
56,500 feet altitude; July, August. (1,302.)

Metica poxorpes, Nutt. Plant. Gambel., Jour. Acad. Phil., n.s., 1. 188.
Culms erect, slender, 14-2° high, often enlarged and bulb-like at base,
slightly scabrous above, nodes naked ; sheaths longer than the internodes and
scabrous, the ligules usually long and lacerated ; leaves scabrous, mostly flat
and elongated, 1-2” wide; panicle narrow and often interrupted, the branches
unequal and erect, subscabrous, rarely spreading; spikelets erect and scarcely
secund, 3-5-flowered, usually more or less purple; glumes obtuse or acutish,
glabrous, 5-nerved; lower palet about 4” long, 7-nerved, puberulent on the
back, membranous-margined, rather obtuse; upper palet pubescent on the
nerves, erose-truncate; grain 2 long—The spikelet is at first close and lit-
tle longer than the glumes, becoming more open and somewhat longer. The
lower palet is described by Nuttall as but 5-nerved. California to Oregon,
384 BOTANY.

(11 Geyer.) In the East and West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and in
the Wahsatch ; 7-10,000 feet altitude ; July-September. (1,303.)

What seems to be merely a reduced form was also collected, 1° high
and very slender, with the leaves narrow and revolute, the panicle very nar-
row and with but 10-15 spikelets. This is nearly 621 Hall & Harbour, from
Colorado, which, however, has the glumes more acute and the culms less de-
cidedly enlarged at base, and was collected also by Bourgeau at the east base
of the Rocky Mountains. (1,304.)

Meuica stricta, Bolander. Proc. Calif. Acad. 3. 4. Culms 6-18’ high,
slender, erect, purple at base, slightly scabrous above; nodes smooth, covered ;
sheaths and leaves pubescent; ligules broad, entire or lacerate; panicle inter-
rupted, secund, the branchlets in pairs or solitary, pubescent and strongly
curved above, bearing a single nodding spikelet; glumes 2—4-flowered, pur-
plish, nearly equal, thin and membranous, glabrous, obtuse, 6” long; lower
palet rather more rigid, slightly puberulent on the back, 7-nerved, obtuse or
acutish, 5’ long; upper palet nearly half shorter, pubescent on the nerves.—
Yosemite Valley. Not rare on the mountain ranges of Nevada; 5-10,000
feet altitude; May—September. (1,305.)

~ Guyceria PAUCIFLORA, Presl. Steud. Gram. 285. Roots creeping;
culms 1-34° high, smooth, nodes naked; sheaths and the broad-linear leaves
(3-12' long) scabrous; panicle loosely spreading, the slender flexuous
branches in pairs, divided, scabrous ; spikelets narrow-oblong, 2’ long, 4—6-
flowered, often purplish; glumes rounded, unequal, the lower obscurely
3-nerved, scarious on the margin, lower palet truncate-obtuse, the apex mi-
nutely serrulate and distinctly scarious, 5-nerved, the upper one emarginate.—
Described by Presi as near G‘. fluitans, but it much more closely resembles
G. aquatica. Frequent in Oregon and Washington Territory and extending
eastward to Colorado, (662 Hall & Harbour;) specimens from Mendocino
County, California, have the rounded apex of the lower palet frequently ab-
ruptly acute. Bear River Cafion in the Uintas; 8,000 feet altitude; Au-
gust. (1,306.)

GuyceriA aquatica, Smith. From New York to Wisconsin, Lake
Winnipeg and the Saskatchewan region, and in the Rocky Mountains south-
ward to Colorado; Oregon; California. Ruby and Huntington Valleys and
in the Clover Mountains, Nevada, and in Salt Lake Valley, Utah; 4,500-
6,500 feet altitude; June-September. (1,307.)
CATALOGUE. 385

Guycerta pistans, Wahl. (Afropis, Griseb.) The specimens differ
from European ones only in their more starved habit, the leaves being often
short and convolute. The upper glume is 2” long, twice the length of the
lower one; lower palet 1” long, slightly pubescent at base; culms 6-18’ high ;
branches of the panicle spreading, or often short, simple and erect. 615
Vasey, from Colorado, is apparently distinct, the palets being more acute,
the upper equaling or exceeding the lower, and the leaves elongated-filiform.
In salt marshes on the coast of the Northern States; from the Saskatchewan
(Bourgeau) to Slave Lake, (Richardson,) and southward to Colorado and
New Mexico, (927 Fendler,) Washington Territory, (Scouler,) and California.
Found near the sink of the Humboldt, Nevada, and in salt meadows near the
mouth of the Jordan, Utah; 4,300 feet altitude; May—August. (1,308.)

Catasrosa’ aquatica, Beauv. (Glyceria, Presl. Steud. Gram. 286.)
Culms 4’-2° high, rather stout, ascending; leaves 2-6’ long, 2-4” wide,
scabrous on the margin; panicle uniform, branchlets numerous, divided ;
glumes 4" long, purplish; flowers 1” in length, light-brown in ales
Greenland, (Kane,) and from Hudson’s Bay to the Rocky Mountains ;
Dakota; Columbia. Wahsatch and Uintas; 6,500-8,000 feet altitude; June—
August. (1,309.)

Brizopyrum spicatum, Hook., Var. srricrum, Gray. (Uniola stricta,
Torr. Steud. Gram. 281.) Spikelets many-flowered, and the panicle mostly
rather loose and elongated, 14-34” in length; culms 4-2° high; pistillate
spikelets 4-8” long, 4-13-flowered, the lower palet acutish or almost acu-
minate ; staminate spikelets 4-9’ long, 6 18-flowered, slender-pedicelled and
often somewhat nodding.—Running into B. spicatum by intermediate forms.
An abundant grass in alkaline or saline meadows of Nevada, but innutritious
and injurious to animals from the amount of saline matter usually encrusting it.
From Texas to the Upper Missouri and the Saskatchewan and westward to
the Pacific. (1,310.)

Poa annua, L. Wahsatch Mountains, near Salt Lake City; possibly
introduced. (1,311.)

 

1CATABROSA, Brauv. Spikelets 2-3-flowered; flowers equal, perfect. Glumes membranous,
colored, unequal, shorter than the flower, concave, the lower oblong, 1-nerved, the upper obovate,
3-nerved, erosely dentate at the apex, or both nerveless. Palets membranous, equal in length, the lower
3-nerved and 3-keeled, truncate-obtuse, the upper 2-nerved and 2-keeled, rounded and somewhat 3-lobed.
Stamens 3. Styes 2, very short, the stigmas plumose. Scales 2, shorter than the ovary. Grain oblong ,
free, shortly pedicelled.—Glabrous creeping aquatics, with flat leaves, elongated membranous ligules and
diffusely branched panicles with semi-verticillate branches; flowers jointed at base and deciduous.

49
386 BOTANY.

Poa atpiva, L., Var. (?) Glaucous and more or less scabrous through-
out, stout and tufted; culms 4-15’ high; leaves erect, rather thick, the
cauline and often the radical ones very short; panicle, 13-3’ long, close, the
branches nearly sessile, erect or somewhat nodding; upper glume 13-24”
long, slightly scabrous on the midvein; lower palet 2’ long, more or less
villous-pubescent at base, obtuse ; perfect grain over 1” long.—The two forms,
one with erect rather close panicles, and the other rather loose and nodding,
are distributed under separate numbers, (1,312 and 1,313.) The ordinary
smoother forms of the species show the glumes and the palets but 13” or
even less in length. Greenland and Labrador; Northern Maine and Lake
Superior, and from the Saskatchewan to Bear Lake and the Rocky Moun-
tains; Colorado; California, (5068 Bolander.) The variety was collected in
the West Humboldt, Clover, and East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada;
8-11,000 feet altitude ; June-September.

Poa casta, Sm., near Var. srrictior, Gray. A low slender form, with
a rather contracted panicle of small flowers, 1” or less in length. It is also
near forms of P. daza, Henke, which Munro makes identical with P. flexuosa,
P. arctica, etc., and from which it differs chiefly in its scabrous panicle.
From Northern Wisconsin north and westward. Uinta Mountains above
the head of Bear River; 12,000 feet altitude; August. (1,314.)

Poa serotina, Ehrh. Culms tufted, 18’ high, smooth ; leaves narrowly
linear, scabrous; ligules short; panicle pyramidal, very loose and spreading,
3-8’ long; branches in fives, capillary, a little scabrous; spikelets purplish,
3-4-flowered; glumes acute, 14” long; lower palet slightly webbed at base,
14” in length—The same as 672 Hall & Harbour from Colorado, (named by
Godet in letter to Dr. Gray, P. Hallii,) though with a larger and wider
panicle, and not differing from numerous specimens in Herb. Gray. This
species, as well as P. cesia, Sm., is referred by Munro in Hooker's Arctic
Flora to P. nemoralis, L. From New England and Canada west to Wash-
ington Territory, northward to the Slave River and Behring Strait and
south to Colorado. On the Bear River in the Uintas; 7,000 feet altitude ;
August. (1,315.)°

Poa ruexuosa, Muhl. (?) From Virginia to Florida and west to Ken-
tucky ; specimens collected in the Wahsatch near Salt Lake City are referred
here, though of a somewhat different habit ; 5,000 feet altitude; May. (1,316.)

Poa Eaton1. Allied to the last. Culms smooth, 1$-2° high; sheaths
CATALOGUE. 387

and leaves scabrous; leaves mostly radical and narrower, 1-2” wide,3-6’
long, the cauline few and very short or nearly obsolete; ligule short; panicle
loose and spreading, the short (1’ long or less) branches in pairs or solitary ;
spikelets 3-5” long and 1$” broad, 4-6-flowered, purplish; glumes acutish;
palets very villous on the back and margins, obtuse and carinate, but less
flattened and less strongly nerved than in the last—Found by Prof. Daniel
C. Eaton in a rocky gulch of Cottonwood Cafion in the Wahsatch; 6,000
feet altitude; June. Very similar specimens have also been collected by Dr.
Bloomer near Virginia City, Nevada.

Poa (?) Kier. Culms rather stout and strict, 12-20’ high, and with
the sheaths glabrous; leaves 2-10’ long, 2” wide or more, subscabrous;
ligules short or nearly obsolete; panicle nearly glabrous, 2-4’ long, erect and
strict, more or less interrupted, the branches often solitary, short, bearing
1-3 spikelets; glumes 2-4” long, membranous, acute, smooth, 3—5-flowered;
lower palet puberulent, not villous nor webby, 3” long, acute, the upper one
roughly short-ciliate on the keels; scales large and distinct, nearly equaling
the ovary, ciliate; the strongly plumose stigmas mostly long and conspicuously
exserted; ovary 1’ long, bearded above-—A very strongly marked species,
but not wholly agreeing with the characters of the genus. Frequent on the
East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 7,500-10,000 feet altitude ; July—Sep-
tember. (1,317.)

Poa TENUIFOLIA, Nutt., Ms.in Herb. Tufted, 1-2° high; culms slender,
erect; glabrous, or with the sheaths and leaves more or less scabrous; leaves
narrowly linear, 1-6’ long; ligules short; panicle erect, narrow and rather
close, 2-6’ long, the branchlets 2-5 together and scabrous; glumes 2-23”
long, acute or acutish, a little scabrous on the midvein, 3—4-flowered ; lower
palet 2” long, obtuse, nearly glabrous, puberulent or somewhat pubescent at
base, but little compressed; flowers readily separating at the joints—Like
the following an ambiguous species, intermediate between Glycerta and Poa,
but apparently more nearly allied to the latter genus, in which they are here
provisionally retained under old Nuttallian names. It is the same as 668
and 675 Hall & Harbour, (distributed as Atropis Californica, Munro,) and is
apparently common from Colorado to Oregon and Washington Territory.
It is one of the most abundant as well as the most valuable of the “ bunch”
grasses of Nevada. The grain, though small, is extensively gathered by the
natives for food. Occurring on the foot-hills and mountains, less frequently
388 BOTANY.

in the lower valleys, from the Sierras to the Wahsatch ; 4~-8,000 feet altitude ;
June-September. The Californian grass, (2035 Hartweg,) upon which
Munro’s still undescribed species Sclerochloa Californica was founded, and the
similar 43 Bolander, distributed as <Atropis Californica, Munro, ined., are
somewhat different, as has been remarked by Dr. Gray, and are probably
distinct. (1,318.)

Poa Anprva, Nutt., Ms. in Herb.; (not of Trin.) In dense perennial
tufts, glabrous excepting the more or less scabrous panicle; culms 4-12’ high,
slender, erect; leaves very narrow, 1-3’ long, mostly revolute; ligules 3-2”
long, acuminate; panicle narrow or linear, strict, 1-23’ long, the branches
2-3 together; spikelets 2—3-flowered; glumes 14-2” long, acute or acutish,
a little scabrous on the midvein; palets 14’ long, pubescent, villous at base,
the lower one obscurely nerved, but little compressed.—Colorado. East
and West Humboldt Mountains and in the Clover Mountains, Nevada;
8,500-11,000 feet altitude; also in the Trinity Mountains at 4,500 feet alti-
tude; May-September. (1,319.)

ERAGROSTIS POZOIDES, Beauy., Var. MecasTacuya, Gray. Salt Lake
Valley, near Brigham City. Introduced. (1,320.)

Eracrostis Purssu, Bernh. From New Jersey through the Southern
States to Louisiana; New Mexico. On the banks of the Truckee River,
Nevada; 4,000 feet altitude; July. (1,321.)

Festuca TENELLA, Willd. From New York to Florida and westward to
the Upper Missouri and Texas; California. Trinity Mountains, Nevada, and
in Salt Lake Valley and on Antelope Island, Utah; 4—4,500 feet altitude ;
May, June. Awns nearly equaling the palet. (1,322.)

Festuca microstacuys, Nutt. Plant. Gambel., Jour. Acad. Phil., n. s.,
1. 187. Annual or biennial; culms slender, erect, 4-15’ high; sheaths
pubescent or smooth ; leaves convolute-bristleform ; panicle 1-6’ long, strict
and spikelike or more frequently with the secund branchlets and spikelets
spreading or cernuous; pedicels short and clavate-thickened ; spikelets 1-5-
flowered, pubescent or scabrous or even glabrous; glumes 14-3” long, acute,
the upper but little exceeding or nearly twice longer than the lower one;
palet 2-3” long, with the awn 3-5” in length—A quite variable species,
described by Nuttall from the pubescent few-flowered form; frequent in
California. The present specimens are open-panicled, with glabrous or
scabrous mostly 5-flowered spikelets, the glumes 3” long, very acute and
CATALOGUE. 389

more nearly equal. Dry hillsides and valleys from the Trinity Mountains to
the Havallah Range, Nevada, and near Salt Lake City, Utah; 4,300-5,000
feet altitude; May, June. (1,323.)

Festuca ovina, L. With the awn half the length of the flower. In-
digenous from Northern New England and Wisconsin to the Saskatchewan
and Rocky Mountains, Bear Lake and Behring Strait ; Greenland ; Colorado.
East Humboldt Mountains; 7-8,000 feet altitude; July, August. (1,324.)

Var. BREVIFOLIA. (f° brevifolia, Br. Steud. Gram. 313.) Tufted; culms
low and slender, 4-8’ high; leaves setaceous and sheaths glabrous, the upper-
most leaves often very short and the sheath rather loose ; panicle racemose
and nearly simple, erect, 1-2’ long; spikelets 1-4-flowered; flowers terete,
somewhat scabrous, about 2” long, twice the length of the awn.—Referred
to F. ovina, by Munro. Arctic Coast and Rocky Mountains. 373 Parry,
666 Hall & Harbour, and 620 Vasey are very nearly the same——On the
highest peak of the Clover Mountains, Nevada; 11,000 feet altitude; Sep-
tember. (1,325.)

Festuca

 

? Culms tufted from a biennial or perennial fibrous
root, 10’ high; nearly glabrous; sheaths exceeding the internodes; leaves
revolute, linear-setaceous, 1-3’ long ; panicle open, the branches 3-5 together,
naked at base, puberulent, bearing 1-3 purplish, 3-4-flowered spikelets ;
glumes acute, the upper 14” long, nearly twice exceeding the lower, ob-
scurely 5-nerved; flowers 14” long, cylindrical; palets nearly equal, acutish,
the lower 5-nerved, the upper slightly bifid—Collected by Stretch (144) in
Western Nevada; in Herb. Torrey.

Bromus Breviaristatus, Thurb. (?) (Certatochloa, Hook. Fl. Bor.
Amer. 2. 258, t.234.) “ Panicle elongated, loose, somewhat nodding or erect;
spikelets lanceolate, compressed and sharply 2-edged, minutely scabrous;
glumes moderately unequal, acute but not awned, nerved; lower palet acutely
keeled, many-nerved, short-awned ; leaves broadly linear, a little hairy, the
sheaths villose-tomentose ; culms 2-8” high.”—Differing from Douglas’ plant
chiefly in the character and amount of pubescence, the sheaths being simply
hairy but not tomentose, (or very frequently wholly naked, ) and the spikelets
silky-pubescent, but less so than in B. Kalmii. Panicle 3-8’ long, slightly
compound; spikelets about 1’ in length, 6-8-flowered ; glumes 4-5” long,
the lower about 3-nerved, the upper 7-nerved, (about 5 and 9-nerved accord-
ing to Hooker;) lower palet 5-8” long, with an awn of 1-2”; leaves mostly
390 BOTANY.

narrow; the broadest 2-3’ wide. Common in the mountains of Nevada, at
5-7,000 feet: altitude, and probably extending from Washington Territory to
New Mexico. (1,326.) The more glabrate and rather more frequent form
is distributed separately. (1,827.)

Bromus cruiatus, L. From Florida to California and northward to the
Arctic Ocean. East Humboldt Mountains; 6,000 feet altitude. (1,328.)

PHRAGMITES ComMuNIs, Trin. From Florida to Canada and westward
to the Pacific. On the banks of fresh water streams and springs from the
Truckee to the East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 4-6,000 feet altitude.
Sugar is said by Durand & Hilgard to be extracted from the stalks of this
grass by the Indians, but the scanty juice is not at all saccharine. A sweet
secretion, however, is sometimes formed upon it in considerable quantity by
aphides, as well as upon the leaves of cottonwood and other trees, and is col-
lected by both the Utes and Mormons. (1,329.)

Triticum REPENS, L. From the Northern States and the Upper Mis-
souri to the Arctic Ocean and Behring Strait, and from the Indian Territory
and Northern Texas to Colorado, Utah, and California. Frequent and some-
times abundant in the valleys and mountains; well known as “Blue-joint,”
and valuable for hay and grazing; 5—9,000 feet altitude. Either awnless or
nearly so. (1,330.)

Triticum caninum, L. Leaves linear-lanceolate, flat; spikelets much
longer than the joints of the rachis; glumes acuminate or awned. From New
England and the Northern Border States to the Saskatchewan; Dakota;
Colorado; California. West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada. (1,331.)

TRITICUM STRIGOSUM, Steud. Gam. 347. (Bromus, Bieb. T. egilo-
poides, Turcez.) Resembling the last, but glaucous, the leaves narrow and
revolute; spike narrow-linear, with the spikelets shorter than the joints or
but little exceeding them ; glumes obtuse or acutish or sometimes acumi-
nate.—Colorado, (657 Hall & Harbour; 625 Vasey ;) Washington Terri-
tory, (Douglas.) Frequent in the East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, at
6,500-9,000 feet altitude; also near Black Rock at the south end of Salt
Lake at 4,500 feet altitude, with the upper florets of the spikelets awnless ;
July-September. (1,332.)

Horpeum jusatum, L. On the sea-coast of the Northern States,
and from the upper Great Lakes and the Saskatchewan to the Mackenzie
River and Sitka, and south and westward to Northern Texas, Arizona, Cali-
CATALOGUE. 391

fornia, and Oregon. A common grass in the valleys and on the foot-hills
through Nevada and in Utah, but eaten by animals only when young;
46,000 feet altitude; July-September. (1,333.)

HorpEuM PRATENSE, Huds. Culm 1-3° high when growing in water
or moist places, with the spike very narrow, 2-3’ long; lateral flowers some-
times short-awned, the longer awns sometimes 1’ in length—Ohio to Mis-
souri and southward to Louisiana and Northern Texas; California to Oregon ;
Sitka. Diamond and Ruby Valleys, Nevada, and in Salt Lake Valley and
the Wahsatch ; 4,300-6,000 feet altitude; May—July. (1,334.)

Horpeum Himarayense, Ritt., Var. Aiciceras, Steud. Gram. 352.
In a barley field on Antelope Island in Salt Lake. (1,335.)

Eymus conDENSATUS, Presl. Steud. Gram. 351. Culm stout; 3-8°
high, roughish-puberulent and short-pubescent at the nodes or nearly glabrous;
spike 3-15’ long, erect, exserted or sheathed at base, sometimes close-panic-
ulate ; spikelets 2-6 together, 3—10-flowered, puberulent or nearly glabrous,
exceeding the internodes of the pubescent rachis; glumes setaceous-subu-
late from a very narrow base, 4—5’’ long; flowers 4’’ long, acute or short-
awned, or barely acutish, the upper palet 2-toothed—Quite variable in the
character of the inflorescence, but a now acknowledged distinct species.
California to Colorado. Frequent in the valleys and mountains of Nevada ;
4-8,000 feet altitude; July—October. (1,336.)

Exymus Srranton, Schult. (Sitanion elymoides, Raf. Steud. Gram.
351, and Polyantherix Hystrix, Nees. Steud. Gram. 356.) Culms 4’-2°
high, tufted, and with the leaves and sheaths glabrous or somewhat pubes-
cent or scabrous; spike erect, 1-3’ long, squarrose with its long recurved
awns, jointed and fragile at maturity; spikelets in pairs, 2—5-flowered,
smooth or puberulent; glumes entire or usually parted to the base and the
segments unequally 2-cleft, the divisions long-awned, (1-3';) flowers a"
long, the awn of the lower palet equaling that of the glumes, with often a
subsidiary awn or tooth on each side at the apex of the palet—A very vari-
able grass, the true position of which has long been questioned. Later
specimens, and especially 637 Vasey, (in part,) in which the glumes are re-
duced to the normal pair at the base of each spikelet and the flowers other-
wise wholly as in Elymus, make it certain that Schulte’s name should be
preferred. From Northern Minnesota to Texas and west to California.
East and West Humboldt and Clover Mountains, Nevada; 8,500-11,000
392 BOTANY.

feet altitude; August, September; a low form (4-10' high) with usually
broad leaves, often sheathing the base of the spike, as first described by
Nuttall. (1,337.) Taller specimens, with narrow convolute leaves and
short awns, were also collected on Carrington Island in Salt Lake; 4,300
feet altitude; June. (1,338.)

Dantwonia Carrrornica, Bol. Proc. Calif. Acad. 2. 182. Glabrous
or more or less villous-pubescent or scabrous; culms $-3° high, from a
perennial fibrous root, erect, slender, glabrous; sheaths bearded at the
throat; ligule very short; leaves linear, 3-4’ long, 1-2” broad ; panicle
simple or subcompound, the few (1-10) spikelets terminal upon the solitary
filiform divergent scabrous or pubescent branchlets; spikelets 5-10-flowered,
compressed; glumes 7-9” long, purplish, smooth; joints of the rachis
bearded ; lower palet 83-5 long, villous on the margin, the awns equaling
the palet and twice the length of the awned teeth—About San Francisco
Bay, California. Wahsatch Mountains, above Parley’s Park; 7,000 feet
altitude; June. (1,339.) A low form was collected near the same locality,
with but a single spikelet and the leaves somewhat villous. (1,340.)

Avena Fatua, L. Steud. Gram. 230. Culm 2-8° high, erect, smooth;
leaves broad, (2-6”,) scabrous, very rough on the margins; ligule short ; pan-
icle erect, the 2 3-flowered spikelets few or solitary and erect upon the fili-
form divergent branchlets; glumes 9-15’ long, 9-11-nerved; palets 6-8”
long, brownish and pilose with rufous hairs, the geniculate twisted awn 1-2’
in length—Abundant throughout the valleys of California. In a cultivated
meadow near Unionville, Nevada; doubtless adventive. (1,341.)

Avena sativa, L., was also found growing on the shores of Soda Lake
in Carson Desert, an estray from some emigrant’s wagon. (1,342.)

TRISETUM suBSPICATUM, Beauv. From Northern New England to Wis-
consin and the Rocky Mountains, and northward to the Arctic Ocean, Behr-
ing Strait, and Greenland; Colorado; California. On the peaks of the
East Humboldt and Clover Mountains, Nevada; 9,500-10,000 feet altitude ;
August, September. (1,343.)

Aira cz#spiTosa, L. From the Northern States to the Saskatchewan
and the Rocky Mountains; Colorado and California; Sitka. On stream-
banks in Ruby and Huntington Valleys, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch;
6,000 feet altitude; July-September. (1,344.)

AIRA DaNTHONIoIDES, Trin. Steud. Gram. 221. Annual, glabrous;
CATALOGUE. 393

culms very slender, 3’-3° high, geniculate at base; sheaths smooth, exceed-
ing the internodes; ligules elongated ; leaves short (4-4) and very narrow
or convolute-setaceous ; panicle diffuse, the capillary branchlets 2-4 together
and naked below; glumes 2-flowered, with the plumose rudiment of a third,
2-3” long, exceeding the flowers; lower palet truncate and denticulate,
1-14” long, awned below the middle, the awn 2-4” long, geniculate ;
grain free, flattish, not grooved—California’; Washington Territory ; West-
ern Texas. Meadows near Salt Lake City, Utah; 4,500 feet altitude ; May,
June. (1,345.)

Hirrocaioa Boreas, R. & S. From the northern Border States to
the Saskatchewan, the Rocky Mountains, and Behring Strait; Labrador ; -
Colorado and California. Bear River Cafion of the Uintas; 8,500 feet alti-
tude; August. Refused even by hungry mules. (1,346.)

PHALARIS ARUNDINACEA, L. From the Northern States to Hudson’s
Bay and Bear Lake and west to Oregon. The P. arundinacea of Parke’s
Report, collected on the Gila by Dr. Antisell, is rather the southern P.
intermedia, Bosc., which extends westward from Texas and the Indian Ter-
ritory to California. On stream-banks in the East Humboldt Mountains,
Nevada, in Salt Lake Valley, and on the Provo River in the Wahsatch;
4,300-6,000 feet altitude; June-August. Known as “Crazy Grass” from
its reputed injurious effect upon horses. (1,347.)

BECKMANNIA* ERUCEFORMIS, Host. Steud. Gram. 15. Culms stout,
1-3$° high, erect from an ascending base, with the sheaths glabrous; lig-
ules elongated; leaves linear, 4—8’ long and 2-6” wide, flat, acute, scabrous;
panicle 4-12’ long, erect, strict, secund, the short crowded branchlets densely
flowered from the base, glabrous; spikelets sessile, imbricately arranged in
two rows, nearly orbicular, 14’ in diameter, the upper rudimentary floret
minute, stipitate——From the Saskatchewan to Bear Lake, south to the In-
dian Territory and west to Northern California and Oregon. West Hum-
boldt Mountains and Ruby and Thousand Spring Valleys, Nevada, and in
Salt Lake Valley, the Wahsatch and Uintas; 4,300~7,500 feet altitude ;
June-September. (1,348.)

1BECKMANNIA, Host. Panicle racemose, contracted. Spikelets compressed, 2-flowered, the
upper floret an abortive rudiment, Glumes 2, obovate, compressed-boatshaped, subcoriaceous, equal, a
little shorter than the flower, pointless. Palets membranous, the lower ovate, concave, acutish, mucro-
nate, 3-nerved,.the upper 2-nerved, bifid. Stamens 3, Styles 2, with elongated plumose stigmas,
Scales 2, bifid, glabrous. Grain free, glabrous.—A coarse perennial aquatic.

50

 
394 BOTANY.

Panicum cApr“LarE, L. From Florida to New England and west to
-the Saskatchewan, Nebraska and New Mexico ; California. Truckee, Union-
ville and Ruby Valleys, Nevada; 4-6,000 feet altitude, and in the Wah-
satch at 9,000 feet altitude; July—October. (1,349.)

Panicum picnoromum, L. From Florida to New England and west to -
Wisconsin, Indian Territory, and Texas; California. Found only near hot
springs in Ruby Valley, Nevada, with the last; 6,000 feet altitude; Sep-
tember. (1,350.)

Panicum Crus-catu, L. From Florida to Canada, and west of the
Mississippi from Arkansas and Texas to California; Washington Territory.
Truckee Meadows, Nevada, and Salt Lake and Jordan Valleys, Utah ;
44,500 feet altitude. Short-awned or awnless. (1,351.)

SETARIA viRIDIs, Beauv. Truckee Meadows, Nevada. Probably intro-
duced, but also reported from the Burro Mountains and elsewhere in New
Mexico. (1,352.)

Crncurus TRIBULOIDES, L. From Florida to New England and the
Lakes, and west to Texas, New Mexico and Nebraska; Southern Califor-
nia. Seen only in Jordan Valley, Nevada.. (1,353.)

EQUISETACEZ.

BY PROF. DANIEL C. EATON.

EQuiseTUM ARVENSE, L. Asia, Europe, Greenland, and in North America
from Mackenzie River and Kotzebue Sound to New Mexico and from Maine
to California. Washoe Mountains, at 5,000 feet altitude, fruiting in May ;
Monitor Valley, Nevada; near Cottonwood Lake in the Wahsatch, at 9,000
feet altitude, fruiting in July. (1,354.)

Equisetum LavicatumM, A. Braun. From Illinois to the Pacific and
southward to New Mexico. In the West Humboldt and Shoshone Mount-
ains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch; 5-7,000 feet altitude. Abundant in
some localities and freely eaten by animals. This species is with great diffi-
culty to be distinguished from L. hiemale, but is paler, smoother, and with
less conspicuous sheaths. (1,355.)

Equisetum rosustum, A. Braun. ‘Tropical Asia, and in North America
from British Columbia to Mexico and eastward to Ohio. West Humboldt
Mountains, Nevada; 5,000 feet altitude. (1,356.)
CATALOGUE. 395

FILICES.
BY PROF, DANIEL C, EATON.

Potyropium voieare, L. Japan, Manchuria, and Turkey in Asia; all
Europe ; Northern Africa and the Cape; Madeira, Azores and Canaries.
North America from the Atlantic to Alaska, Vancouver’s Island and Oregon,
and southward to the mountains of Alabama and Colorado, (694 Hall & Har-
bour; 688 Vasey, a dwarf alpine form ;) the true form is yet to appear from
California. From a rocky side-gorge of Cottoriwood Cafion in the Wahsatch ;
7,000 feet altitude; the specimens not unlike the usual smaller forms of the
Atlantic States. (1,357.)

ADIANTUM PEDATUM, L. Japan, Manchuria and Northern India. North
America from Canada to North Carolina, and westward to California, Oregon
and Alaska. With the last; 6-7,000 feet altitude. (1,358.)

Apiantum Capriuius-Veneris, L. From Japan and China to Western
Europe; Southern Africa; islands of the Atlantic, and the West Indies. In
America from North Carolina to the Indian Territory and southward to Bra-
ziland Juan Fernandez. Southern Utah, near St. George, (Dr. Palmer, 1870.)

Preris aquinina, L. Throughout the United States and nearly through-
out the world. In the Washoe and East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada,.and -
in Provo Cafion in the Wahsatch; 6,000 feet altitude. (1,359.)

CHEILANTHES LANUGINOSA, Nutt. From Ilinois to the Rocky Mountains
of British America, and southward to New Mexico and Arizona. California
is given as its western range by Hooker & Baker, but probably incorrectly.
On conglomerate and on limestone in the Wahsatch; 5-6,000 feet alti-
tude. (1,360.)

Petia Brewert, D. OC. Eaton. Proc. Amer. Acad. 6.555. Rootstock
ascending, short, covered, like the bases of the shining brown very fragile
stalks, with abundant narrow crisped fulvous chaffy scales; fronds 2-6" high,
pinnate, the pinne short-stalked, membranaceous, mostly 2-parted, the upper
segment larger; segments and upper pinne ovate or triangular-ovate, in the
fertile fronds narrower and margined with a rather broad continuous involu-
cre; veins evident, repeatedly forked—Common on exposed rocks in the
higher cafions of the Sierras of California, and eastward in the East Humboldt
Mountains and in the Wahsatch ; 7-9,000 feet altitude. The stalks are seem-
396 BOTANY.

ingly many-jointed, and their persistent bases remain on the rootstock several
years. Prats XL. Fig. 17. Plant; natural size. Fig. 18. Sporangia, in
position ; magnified twelve diameters. Fig. 19. A sporangium; magnified
forty diameters. Fig. 20. A sterile frond. (1,361.)

Pett prensa, Hook. Sp. Fil. 2.150. (Onychium densum, Brackenr.
Bot. of Witkes’s Exp., Ferns, p. 120, t. 18.) Rootstock short, scaly with
blackish chaff; stalks clustered, polished, dark-brown, 4-10’ long, very
slender and much longer than the ovate densely tripinnate frond ; pinnules
linear-oblong, acute, much crowded, 3-5’’ long, membranaceous or somewhat
coriaceous ; sterile ones denticulate, fertile ones with the proper margin re-
curved and bordered with a narrow involucre.—Rogue’s River and Fort Or-
ford, Oregon, to the Yosemite. Rocky gorge above Cottonwood Cafion in the
Wahsatch; 7,000 feet altitude. (1,362.)

CRYPTOGRAMME ACRUSTICHOIDES, R. Brown. (Allosorus acrostichoides,
Sprengel.) Arctic America and Alaska to California, and eastward to Lake
Superior. In the Clover Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch and Uin-
tas; 9-10,000 feet altitude. (1,363.)

Asptentum Finrx-remima, Bernh. Throughout Europe and much of °
Asia and Africa. America from Alaska and Labrador to Venezuela. In the
East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 6-7,000 feet altitude; a form with am-
ple fronds of delicate texture, 25-35° high. (1,364.)

Var. Micuauxu, Mettenius. Fil. Hort. Lips., p. 19. (A. angustum,
Willd.) Fronds somewhat rigid and much narrower in outline, bipinnate ;
pinne narrowly lanceolate, usually diverging from the rachis at an acute angle
or curved upward; pinnules serrated or slightly lobed; fruit-dots short; indu-
sium straight or recurved.—Common from Maine to Lake Superior Califor-
nia, (Brewer.) Rocky side-gorge above Cottonwood Cafion in the Wahsatch ;
7,000 feet altitude. (1,365.)

Aspipium Loneuitis, Swartz. Throughout Europe and in the Hima-
layas. Greenland and Arctic America to Canada and Lake Superior, and
westward to Alaska and Oregon. Same locality with the last; 8—9,000 feet
altitude. (1,366.)

CYSTOPTERIS FRAGILIS, Bernh. From Iceland to Tasmania, and from
Japan westward to the Sandwich Islands. Greenland, Arctic America,
Alaska and Labrador to Chili. In the Washoe, West Humboldt and East
Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch and Uintas; 6-9,000
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CATALOGUE. 397

feet altitude. A considerable variety of forms occurs in the collection, as in
all collections. (1,367.)

Woopsta scopunina, D.C. Eaton. Canadian Naturalist, April, 1865,
p. 90. Rootstock short, creeping; stalks 2-4’ high, chaffy at the base, stra-
mineous, puberulent like the rachis and under surface of the frond with mi-
nute flattened hairs and stalked glands; fronds lanceolate, 4-8’ long, pinnate ;
pinne numerous, 8-10’ long, pinnatifid with 10-16 short ovate or oblong
crenulate or toothed divisions; indusium very delicate, deeply cleft into
laciniee which terminate in short hairs composed of irregular cylindrical
cells—Oregon and California to Wyoming and Colorado; British Columbia,
(Dr. Lyall.) In the East Humboldt and Clover Mountains, Nevada, on An-
telope Island and in the Uintas; 7—9,000 feet altitude. (1,368.)

Woopsia Orecana, D. C. Eaton; 7c. From Lake Superior and Lake
Winnipeg (Bourgeau) to Oregon, and the mountains of Colorado. In the
East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, on Antelope Island, and in Cottonwood
Cafion in the Wahsatch, (D. C. Eaton;) 6-8,000 feet altitude. A smaller
form than the last, and quite glabrous, but like it in having a continuous stalk
and a very minute indusium. (1,369.)

LYCOPODIACEZ.

SELAGINELLA RUPESTRIS, Spring. Throughout Northern Asia; East
Indies; South Africa. America, from Alaska to Buenos Ayres, and eastward
to the Atlantic. In the East Humboldt and Clover Mountains, Nevada, and
in the Wahsatch ; 8—-9,000 feet altitude. All the specimens are of the stouter
and short-stemmed form, called borealis by Spring. (1,370.)

Isonres ecuinogpora, Durieu, Var. Braunu, Engelm. ‘New England
to Western New York, and northward.” Alpine lake, Bear River Cafion in
the Uintas; 9,500 feet altitude; August. (1,371.)

HYDROPTERIDES.

Marsru1a vestita, Hook. & Grev. Leaflets broadly wedge-shaped, un-
equal-sided, and like the petioles minutely appressed-hirsute ; sporocarps
mostly solitary in the axils, short-stalked, hairy —Oregon to New Mexico and
Texas. Goose Creek Valley, Nevada; 6,000 feet altitude; September. (1,372.)
398 BOTANY.

CHARACES.*

Cara Fractuis, Desv. With the next the widest distributed species
of the genus. Ruby Valley, Nevada; 6,000 feet altitude; August. (1,373.)

Cuara rartipa, A. Braun. (C. vulgaris, Auct., in part.) In all parts
of the world, at higher altitudes and latitudes than any other species. Ruby
Valley, Nevada, Pack’s Cafion in the Uintas, and Provo Cafion in the Wah-
satch; 6-7,000 feet altitude; July. (1,374.) A peculiar form was also col-
lected at Diamond Springs, Nevada, at 5,500 feet altitude. (1,375.)

Nirevia opaca, Agardh. Northern Europe. In Truckee Pass and
Ruby Valley, Nevada, and in Cottonwood Cafion in the Wahsatch ; 4—6,000
feet altitude; July-September. (1,376.)

MUSCI.

DETERMINED BY THOMAS P. JAMES, ESQ.

Weista crIspuLA, Hedw. Alpine and subalpine Europe ; Eastern Sibe-
ria, (Dall;) Fuegia Hermite Island, (Hooker ;) Greenland, (Kane;) Davis
Strait, (Taylor ;) Rocky Mountains of. British America, (Drummond ;) Galton
Mountains and Fort Colville, (Lyall;) Colorado, (Hall.) Found in the Wah-
satch and Uintas, Utah, on the bark of dead pines and on rocks; 7,500-
8,000 feet altitude. (1,377.) .

FissIpENS GRANDIFRONS, Brid. Southwestern Europe and Algeria; Ni-
agara Falls; British Columbia, (Lyall;) Humboldt County, California. At
a cold spring in Ruby Valley, Nevada; 6,000 feet altitude. (1,378.)

Portia SUBSESSILIS, Schwg. Northwestern Europe; South America;
Rocky Mountains of British America, (Drummond;) Illinois; Texas; Los
Angeles, California. Under sage-brush near Carson City, Nevada; 4,500
feet altitude; March. (1,379.)

Portia cavirouta, Ehrh. All Europe; Andes; Fort Colville, (Lyall.)
On the side of a ditch near Carson City, Nevada; April. (1,380.)

Portia tRuNcATA, Br. & Sch. All Europe; Africa; New England,

1 Determined by Prof. A. Braun of Berlin. The Characee are little understood by botanists generally,
and it is not thought advisable to endeavor to give either generic or specific characters in this place.
Nitella, however, has always a stem composed of a single tube, and the fruiting rays are branched or
forked, while Chara has usually a stem composed of several tubes covered with an epidermis, and the
fruiting rays are simple. In Nitella the nutlets have a very faint coronula or none, and are few-striate
while in Chara the coronula is distinct and persistent, and the nutlets are many-striate.—D. C. E. :
CATALOGUE. 399

New York and Pennsylvania. Var. suscytinprica, Br. & Sch. Sardinia.
In a wet meadow near Carson City, Nevada; May. (1,381.)

Portia Hermu, Hook. Nearly all Europe; Western South America to
Cape Horn ; Saskatchewan and Rocky Mountains of British America, (Drum-
mond, Bourgeau;) Colorado, (Hall;) Mount Dana, California. On stream-
banks in the West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch ;
4,500-6,000 feet altitude. (1,382.)

ANACALYPTA LATIFOLIA, Nees & Hsch. This singular and elegant alpine
plant may be readily recognized by its short stem and gemmiform clustered
apex, julaceous obtuse leaves of a bright silvery hue, and glossy chest-
nut-brown capsule—Alpine regions of Europe; Davis Strait, (Taylor ;)
Rocky Mountains of British America, (Drummond.) On rocks at the head
of Bear River in the Uintas; 11,000 feet altitude; August. (1,383.)

DrEsMATODON LATIFOLIUS, Br. & Sch. Alpine and subalpine Europe;
Greenland ; Labrador; Rocky Mountains of British America, (Drummond ;)
Colorado, (Hall ;) Cascade Mountains, Washington Territory, (Lyall ;) Mount
Dana, California. Var. muricus, Br. & Sch. On wet shaded rocks and
stream-banks in the East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wah-
satch ; 8-9,500 feet altitude. (1,384.)

Desmatopon FLavicans, Br. & Sch. Central Europe; Wisconsin;
Rocky Mountains of British America, (Drummond.) Var. oBTUSIFOLIUS,
Br. & Sch. On a dry overhanging rock, intermingled with Brachythecium
Utahense, near Hanging Rock Station in Echo Cafion of the Wahsatch ;
6,000 feet altitude; July. This rare variety has been heretofore only found
by Drummond at Lake Winnipeg. (1,385.)

DesmaTopon cERNUUS, Wahl. Northern and Central Europe; Rocky
Mountains of British America, (Drummond.) Differing from Drummond’s
specimens in its longer operculum. On a stream-bank in Ruby Valley, Ne-
vada; 6,000 feet altitude. (1,386.)

Dipymopon RuBELLUS, Roth. Europe; Abyssinia; New York and
Pennsylvania; Mount Dana, California. On stream-banks in the Havallah
and East Humboldt ranges, Nevada, and on the bark of a dead pine in the
Uintas ; 5-8,000 feet altitude. (1,387.)

Dipymopon cyxinpRicus, Nees & Hsch. Great Britain and Central
Europe; India; New Hampshire and Pennsylvania. In the West Humboldt

Mountains, Nevada. (1,388.)
400 BOTANY.

BarBULA suBULATA, Dill. Alpine Europe; from Canada to the Rocky
Mountains, (Drummond;) Big Tree Grove, California; on Bill Williams
River, Arizona. On rocks in City Creek Cafion near Salt Lake City, Utah;
5,000 feet altitude. (1,389.)

BaxBuLa LaAvIPILA, Br. & Sch. Temperate and Southern Europe;
Northern Africa; Vancouver’s Island, (Lyall;) Mount Diablo and Sacra-
mento, California. In the Pah-Ute Mountains, Nevada; 5,000 feet alti-
tude. (1,390.)

BaRBULA BREVIPES, Lesqx. On Russian River and at Mission Dolores,
California. Near Carson City and on granite rocks in the Trinity Mountains,
Nevada; 5,000 feet altitude. (1,391.)

BaRBULA RURALIS, Dill. All Europe; Arctic British America and
Rocky Mountains; Massachusetts and Pennsylvania; Texas; Cascade Mount-
ains and Fort Colville, (Lyall;) Sierras of California. On sandy soil in
shaded places near Carson City, and on rocks in the West Humboldt Mount-
ains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch; 5,000 feet altitude. (1,392.)

Barsuta Mvuexxert, Bruch. Scotland and Southern Europe; Chili;
Alaska; Vancouver’s Island, (Lyall;) California. Near Carson City, Nevada ;
5,000 feet altitude. (1,393.)

CeRraTopon PpurRPUREUS, Dill. In all quarters of the globe; ‘‘the most
cosmopolitan of mosses.” Everywhere east of the Mississippi; Davis Strait,
(Taylor;) Lake Winnipeg ; from Kotzebue Sound and Sitka to Vancouver's
Island and the Cascade Mountains ; common in California. On dry rocks in
the Hot Spring Mountains, Nevada; 4,500 feet altitude. (1,394.)

DIsTICHIUM CAPILLACEUM, Hedw. Mountains of Europe, Asia, Africa
and South America; White Mountains, New Hampshire; from Kotzebue
Sound, the Arctic Barrens of British America and Davis Strait, (Taylor,) to
the Saskatchewan and northern shore of Lake Superior; Colorado, (Hall ;)
Cascade Mountains, (Lyall;) Yosemite Valley, California. On rocks in the
Kast Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 5,500—9,500 feet altitude. (1,395.)

DisticHiuM INCLINATUM, Swartz. Alpine Europe; Davis Strait, (Tay-
lor;) Newfoundland; White Mountains; north shore of Lake Superior ;
Saskatchewan, (Bourgeau;) Mount Dana, California. On rocks at the head
of Bear River Cafion in the Uintas; 11,000 feet altitude. (1,396.)

Encatypta vuuearis, L. All Europe; Colorado, (Hall;) Fort Col-
ville, (Lyall ;) Mount Diablo, &c., California. On rocks or sometimes stream-
CATALOGUE. 4Q1

banks, near Carson City and in the Trinity and East and West Humboldt
Mountains, Nevada, in the Wahsatch, and on Antelope and Stansbury Islands
in Salt Lake; 4,300-8,000 feet altitude. (1,397.)

Var. ostusa. Br. & Sch. On rocks in the East Humboldt Mountains,
Nevada; 7,000 feet altitude. (1,398.) ,

ENCALYPTA RHABDOCARPA, Schweg. Alpine and subalpine Europe;
Nulato, Alaska; Davis Strait, (Taylor;) British America, (Drummond;)
Colorado, (Hall;) Cascade and Rocky Mountains, (Lyall.) On a rocky slope
in the East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 7,000 feet altitude. (1,399.)

OrtHoTRicHuM Sturmu, H. & H. Mountains of Europe; Sandwich
Islands; White Mountains, New Hampshire; Texas and New Mexico; Yo-
semite Valley, California. On limestone rocks, West Humboldt Mountains,
Nevada; 7,000 feet altitude. (1,400.)

ORTHOTRICHUM JAMESIANUM, Sull., Ms. Monoicum; pulvinulo laxiusculo
inferne fusciscente, superne sicco cinereo, madido pallescente-viridi ; caule 6-8
lineari subjulaceo-foliato; foliis oblongis lanceolato-oblongisve valde obtusis ;
margine anguste revolutis, altius papillosis, costa infra apicem desinente ; cap-
sula immersa pyriformi sicca octo-costata sub ore amplo constricta, peristomii
simplicis dentibus 16 discretis basi transverse-, medio circulari-, apice longi-
tudinali-vermiculatis; calyptra parcissime ramentosa—Distinguished from O.
obtusifolium, its nearest congener, by its simple peristome, leaves with revo-
lute margins, and its moneecious inflorescence. On limestone rocks in the
East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 7,000 feet altitude. (1,401.)

OrrHorricnum Warsont, James. Monoicum; pulvinulo laxo lete viridi
inferne dilute ochraceo; caule subunciali parcius diviso; foliis mollioribus
laxiusculis e basi erecta hyalina elongato-lanceolatis acutatis eximie arcuato-
recurvis, costa carinatis, toto margine revolutis cellulis superioribus puncti-
formibus papillosis, papillis longiusculis bi-trifurcatis; capsula emergente
subelliptica sicca prominenter costatis sub ore amplissimo constricta haplo-
peristomata, dentibus levibus geminatim arcte connatis apice crucigeris flaves-
centi-albidis 7-10 articulatis; calyptra satis ramentosa; operculo brevius
rostrato.—A very distinct species, allied to O. Texanum, Sulliv., but its color
is different, its leaves are broader, softer, and much more recurved, and the
cells of the upper half of each leaf are covered with longer and more or less
divided papille. The teeth of the peristome are yellowish-white, with a

51 a
402 BOTANY.

tendency to separate as in O. Texanum ; the cross-like projections from their.
apices are an unusual feature. On damp shaded rocks in the West Humboldt
Mountains, Nevada; 5,500 feet altitude. (1,402.)

ORTHOTRICHUM ANoMALUM, Hedw. All Europe; Algeria; Greenland ;
from the Barrens of Arctic America (Richardson) to the Saskatchewan,
(Bourgeau,) Lake Superior, and Canada; Massachusetts and Pennsylvania ;
Colorado, (Hall.) Var.; differing from the type in its thicker leaves, with
more revolute margins and more prominent papille, which are often bifid,
and in its closer areolation; calyptra more pilose. Better specimens may
prove it a new species. On sand from granite rocks in Clear Creek Cafion
near Carson City, Nevada; 5,000 feet altitude. (1,403.)

ORTHOTRICHUM L&VIGATUM, Zetterstedt. Differt ab O. anomalo simili:
foliis solidioribus ad marginem valde revolutis margineque ipso papillis prom-
inulis crenulato, angustius retriculatis, reti basilari breviore seepius sinuoso-
lineali; flore masculo axillari; calyptra magis pilosa; capsula ovato-oblonga
omnino estriata, leptoderma, lutescente, sicca cylindracea, sulcis angustis
irregularibus exarata; peristomii dentibus lanceolatis, regularibus, densius
articulatis, punctatis, siccitate reflexis—This species is allied to O. anomalum,
from which it may, however, be known by its smooth capsule with the teeth
of the peristome reflexed when dry. It might be mistaken for O. striatum,
L., (O. leiocarpum,) on account of its smooth capsule, the only point of re-
semblance. Norway; not before detected in America. In Willow Creek
Cafion in the Pah-Ute Mountains, Nevada; 5,500 feet altitude. (1,404.)

ORTHOTRICHUM RUPESTRE, Schl. Mountains of Europe; Barrens of
Arctic America, (Richardson ;) Big Tree Grove and Yosemite Valley, Cali-
fornia. On dry rocks in the East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 6,500 feet
altitude. (1,405.)

ORTHOTRICHUM OCCIDENTALE, James. Most nearly allied to O. strangu-
latum, from which it differs chiefly in its longer and more loosely foliated
stem, in its little longer acute and strongly papillose leaves, the papille more
usually bifid and truncate, and in its slightly longer pedicel, &c—On rocks
in the Uinta Mountains, Provo Camion, Utah; 8,000 feet altitude. (1,406.)

Var. With longer papille, shorter capsule, &c—In Willow Creek
Carion above Washoe Lake, Nevada; 5,500 feet altitude. (1,407.)

Grimmia (ScHISTIDIUM) conFERTA, (Funk.) Mountains of Europe;
Abyssinia; New England, Pennsylvania and Illinois; Mount Diablo, Califor-
CATALOGUE. 403

nia. On shaded rocks in the West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and in Bear
River Cation of the Uintas; 7-7,500 feet altitude. (1,408.)

Grimmia (ScHIsTIpIuM) apocarpa, (Br. & Sch.) Europe, Asia, Africa
and South America ; very common in the Eastern States; throughout Can-
ada and British America to the Arctic Ocean; Yosemite Valley, California,
and on the Colorado River in Arizona. <A variety was collected on rocks in
Bear River Cafion in the Uintas; 7,500 feet altitude. 1,409.)

Grimmia anopoy, Br. & Sch. An interesting species, distinguished by
its small cushions of a dark-green aspect at the surface and yellowish-brown
color below, the subglobose capsule entirely immersed by reason of its short
curved fruitstalk, and the peristome wanting. Central and Western Europe;
New Brunswick. On limestone rocks in Secret Valley, eastern base of the
East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 6,000 feet altitude. (1,410.)

Grimmia putyinata, Dill. In nearly all quarters of the world, not are-
tic; Disco Island and Cumberland Sound, (Taylor;) Fort Colville, (Lyall ;)
Clear Lake and Russian River, California; Bill Williams Fork, Arizona.
On dry rocks near hot springs in the Hot Spring Mountains, Nevada, at
4,500 feet altitude, and on rocks in Bear River Cafion, Uintas; 7-10,000
feet altitude. (1,411.)

GRIMMIA ORBICULARIS, Br. & Sch. This elegant species differs from
G. pulvinata in the following respects: Leaves narrower, the marginal cel-
lules dt the base enlarged; pedicel pale-yellow; capsule smaller, roundish,
from yellow passing to bright red in ripening, smooth and glossy while recent,
obscurely ribbed when dry, the walls thinner and without the blackish border
at the orifice ; annulus much narrower; operculum very short, scarcely apicu-
late; teeth of the peristome paler red, shorter and broader, with more distinct
transverse bars, trifid, occasionally quadrifid, and much cribose below;
calyptra dimidiate, not mitriform, and fugaceous—Temperate and Southern
Europe; Algeria; Western Asia; not before collected in America. On
rocks near Carson City, Nevada; 5,000 feet altitude. (1,412.)

Grimmra ovata, Web. & Mohr. Europe; Asia; “Sandwich Islands;
New York; from Lake Superior to the Rocky Mountains, (Drummond,) and
in the Barrens of Arctic America, (Richardson.) On dry rocks in the
Truckee and West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 4,700-7,000 feet alti-
tude. (1,413.)

Grimmia cALyPTRATA, Hook. Rocky Mountains of British America,
404 BOTANY.

(Drummond ;) Colorado, (Hall;) New Mexico, (Fendler, Wright.) In crev-
ices of volcanic rocks near Carson City, Nevada; 5,000 feet altitude. (1,414)

Grimmia LEUcopHmA, Grev. All Europe; Africa; Australia; Massa-
chusetts and Southern Ohio; Fort Colville, (Lyall;) San Francisco. On
limestone rocks in Secret Valley, East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 6,000
feet altitude. (1,415.)

Grimura montana, Br. & Sch. Western Europe; Mount Diablo and
Mono Pass, California. In mountain cafions, Nevada. (1,416.)

TAYLORIA SPLACHNOIDES, Schl. Norway and subalpine regions of Eu-
rope; Rocky Mountains of British America, (Drummond.) At Unionville in
the West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 5,000 feet altitude. (1,417.)

PuyYscoMITRIUM PYGMzZuUM, James. Planta generis minima; a P. py7i-
formi distat exiguitate ; foliis minus distincte serratis; capsula oblongo-pyri-
formi, cellulis marginalibus transverse oblongis in seriebus 5-7 (nec 12-15)
dispositis instructa, basi parcius stomatifera; operculo longiore; pedicello toto
sinistrorsum torto; etc-—The shape of the capsule, with its narrow adherent
annulus, readily distinguishes this species from P. hians; Lindb. On the
ground, mountain side above Parley’s Park, in the Wahsatch ; 6,500 feet
altitude. (1,418.)

Fuyaria Hisernica, Hook. Ireland and Western Europe; Cajon Pass
in the Sierras, California. On rocks, Antelope Island in Salt Lake, Utah ;
4,500 feet altitude. (1,419.)

Funaria HyGrRometrica, Hedw. In all quarters of the world, including
Australia, New Zealand and the Sandwich Islands; very common in the east-
ern United States, and found from Iklagalik and Nulato, Alaska, and the
wooded regions of British America to the Saskatchewan, California, and
Northwestern Mexico. On stream-banks, in wet meadows and under sage-
brush, in the mountains and valleys of Nevada and Utah; 4,300-—7,000 feet
altitude. (1,420.)

Var. caLvescens, Br. & Sch. Tropical regions. In a meadow near
Carson City, Nevada; 4,500 feet altitude. (1,421.)

LEpToBRYUM PYRIFORME, Dill. Europe, Asia, and in the Andes of South
America; frequent in the Eastern States, and extending to the Saskatchewan
and wooded regions of British America, (Richardson, Drummond, Bourgeau, )
Davis Strait, (Taylor,) the Rocky Mountains and Alaska; Clear Lake, Mount
Dana and the Sierras, California. On stream-banks in the West Humboldt,
CATALOGUE. 405

Pah-Ute and East Humboldt Mountains and in Ruby Valley, Nevada, and in
the Wahsatch ; also on a ridge in Bear River Valley near Evanston, Utah;
5-7,000 feet altitude. (1,422.)

Wesera crupa, Schreb. Europe; Terra del Fuego; Guatemala and
Mexico; New Hampshire, New York and Pennsylvania; Lake Superior ;
subarctic British America and Alaska; Davis Strait, (Taylor ;) Washington
Territory, (Lyall;) Colorado, (Hall;) Clear Lake and Big Tree Grove, Cal-
ifornia. In the shade of pines and on wet rocks in the East Humboldt and
Clover Mountains, Nevada, (the latter specimens remarkable for their slender
form,) and in Provo River and Bear River Cafions in the Uintas; 8-10,000
feet altitude. (1,423.)

Wesera nurans, Schreb. All Europe; Asia; South America; com-
mon east of the Mississippi; Arctic British America and on the Saskatchewan,
and from Behring Strait to Washington Territory; Mount Dana, California.
In Bear River Cafion in the Uintas; 8,000 feet altitude. (1,424.)

WeseERA ALBicans, Wahl. All Europe; Australia; South America and
the Antarctic Islands; Canada, and common in the Eastern United States ;
Galton Mountains, (Lyall;) San Francisco. On stream-banks in Secret Val-
ley Cafion, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch ; 6—7,000 feet altitude. (1,425.)

Bryum penputum, Hsch. Norway and alpine Europe; Pennsylvania,
Northern Ohio, and Wisconsin; Rocky Mountains of British America; Disco
Island, (Taylor.) At Unionville in the West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada ;
5,000 feet altitude. (1,426.)

Bryum incuinatum, Swtz. All Europe; Kotzebue Sound; Yosemite
Valley. On stream-banks in Ruby Valley, and on rocks in the East Hum-
boldt Mountains, Nevada; 6-7,000 feet altitude. (1,427.)

Bryum INTERMEDIUM, Web. & Mohr. All Europe; Arctic British Amer-
ica; Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and South Carolina;
Sierras of California. In meadows, on creek-banks, on rocks, and in the
shade of pines, near Carson City and in the Trinity, West Humboldt, Ha-
vallah and East Humboldt Ranges, Nevada; 4,500-9,500 feet alti-
tude. (1,428.)

Bryum simu, Schreb, All Europe; South America ; New Hampshire,
Pennsylvania, Ohio, and at Niagara Falls; Cumberland Sound, (Taylor ;)
Saskatchewan and Rocky Mountains, (Bourgeau;) Washington Territory,
A406 BOTANY.

(Lyall.) On a stream-bank in the East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada ;
8,000 feet altitude. (1,429.)

Bryum torquescens, Br. & Sch. Western and Southern Europe;
Africa and the Canary Isles; Australia and New Zealand; South America ;
New York, Texas, and New Mexico, (Wright ;) San Francisco. On a stream-
bank in the East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 8,000 feet altitude. (1,430.)

BryuM PALLescens, Schwg. Mountains of Europe; New York, Penn-
sylvania and Ohio; Davis Strait, (Taylor ;) Cascade Mountains, (Lyall.) On
wet rocks in Cottonwood Cafion in the Wahsatch; 6,000 feet altitude. (1,431.)

BRYUM ATROPURPUREUM, Web. & Mohr. Non-alpine Europe; Africa;
Mount Sinai; Pennsylvania, Virginia, Tennessee, Northern Alabama, and
Florida. Inthe West Humboldt and East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada ;
5-7,000 feet altitude. (1,432.)

Bryum casprticium, L. All Europe; Asia Minor; Africa; South
America; Sandwich Islands ; from Arctic British America to the Saskatche-
wan and frequent east of the Mississippi; Washington Territory, (Lyall ;)
Sierras, California. At Unionville in the West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada,
on a hillside near Salt Lake City, and in Bear River Cafion in the Uintas;
5-8,500 feet altitude. (1,433.)

Bryum arcenteum, L. All over the world; very common eastward ;
Rocky Mountains, (Bourgeau;) Iktagalik, Alaska; Davis Strait, (Taylor ;)
San Francisco; Arizona. Under sage-brush near Carson City, Nevada;
4,500 feet altitude. (1,434.)

BRyUM CAPILLARE, Hedw. Nearly all the world; New Hampshire, New
York and Pennsylvania; Sitka; Vancouver’s Island and Galton Mountains,
(Lyall;) common in California—Var. City Creek Cafion in the Wahsatch,
near Salt Lake City; 5,000 feet altitude. (1,435.)

Bryum Duvaiuu, Voit. Northern and Central Europe ; Newfoundland;
New England; Fort Colville, (Lyall;) Eureka, California. On wet banks in
the Clover Mountains, Nevada; 10,000 feet altitude. (1436.)

Bryum TurBiInatuM, Hedw. All Europe; Mount Sinai and the Hima-
laya Mountains; Niagara Falls and Minnesota; Rocky Mountains of British
America, (Drummond ;) Galton Mountains, (Lyall ;) Big Tree Grove, Cali-
fornia. On stream-banks in the Kast and West Humboldt Mountains, and in
Thousand Spring Valley, Nevada, in the Wahsatch, and under pines in the
Uintas; 5-9,000 feet altitude. (1,487.)
\ CATALOGUE. 407

Var. LaTiroLium, Br. & Sch. Europe; Big Tree Grove, California. On
a stream-bank near Salt Lake City, Utah; 4,500 feet altitude. (1,438.)

Var. ancustirotium, Br. & Sch. On stream-banks in the Havallah and
Kast Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 5-8,000 feet altitude. (1,439.)

Mnium Arrive, Bland. Central Europe; Caucasus; Canada and fre-
quent eastward ; Sitka; Clear Lake, California. Stream-banks in the East
Humboldt Mountains and Ruby Valley ; 6—7,000 feet altitude. (1,440.)

Myrum mepium, Br. & Sch. Central Europe; New York and Pennsyl-
vania ; Saskatchewan and the Rocky Mountains, (Bourgeau;) Alaska; Wash-
ington Territory, (Lyall.) Cafion of the North Fork of Provo River, in the
Wahsatch ; 6,500 feet altitude. (1,441.)

AvLacomnion PALusTRE, Dill. All Europe; Siberia; Davis Strait,
(Taylor ;) from Kotzebue Sound and the wooded regions of British America
southward to the Cascade Mountains, (Lyall,) and the Saskatchewan,
(Bourgeau,) and frequent eastward; Mendocino, California. At the roots of
trees in Bear River Cafion in the Uintas; 8,500 feet altitude. (1,442.)

AvuLacomyion AnpRoGyNUM, Dill. Central Europe and Scandinavia ;
Tennessee ; Fort Colville and Vancouver’s Island, (Lyall ;) California, com-
mon. On a creek-bank in the East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 8,000 feet
altitude. (1,443.)

Meersia uicinosa, L. All Europe; New Hampshire, New York and
Canada; Illinois to Minnesota; Arctic America, (Richardson ;) Davis Strait,
(Taylor ;) Washington Territory, (Lyall;) Colorado, (Hall;) alpine swamps,
California. Ona wet grassy bank in the Clover Mountains, Nevada; 10,000
feet altitude. -(1,444.)

Puitonotis Fontana, L. All Europe; India; Straits of Magellan;
common in the Eastern United States; Rocky Mountains of British America,
(Drummond, Bourgeau;) Colorado, (Hall;) Fort Colville, (Lyall ;) common
in the Sierras. On a stream-bank in the Wahsatch, Cottonwood Cajon;
9,000 feet altitude. (1,445.)

PuILonoTis CALCAREA, Br. & Sch. Central Europe; White Mountains,
New Hampshire ; North Carolina. On stream-banks in the Kast Humboldt
Mountains, Nevada, and in Provo Cafion in the Uintas; 7,500-8,000 feet
altitude. (1,446.)

Var. CONTORTA, James. With the last. (1,447.)
408 BOTANY. /

TIMMIA MEGAPOLITANA, Hedw. Northern and Central Europe; common
in the Eastern States ; Melville Island and Arctic America; on the Saskatch-
ewan, (Bourgeau;) Galton Mountains and Vancouver’s Island, (Lyall.)
On stream-banks and rocks in the West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and
in the Wahsatch and Uintas; 5-8,000 feet altitude. (1,448.)

Potyrricnum PiuireruM, L. All Europe; Asia; New Zealand; Cape
Horn and the Falkland Islands; Greenland; Melville Islands, Cumberland
Sound, and Rocky Mountains of British America; Alaska; Vancouver's
Island, and mountains of California; Pennsylvania and New York. Ona
stream-bank in Bear River Cafion in the Uintas; 8,500 feet altitude. (1,449.)

PoLYTRICHUM JUNIPERINUM, Dill. Over nearly the whole world; Green-
land; Behring Strait; Alaska; Washington Territory, (Lyall,) and Oregon;
on the Saskatchewan, (Bourgeau, ) and in the Rocky Mountains, (Drummond ;)
common in the Eastern States and in California. In a shaded swamp and on
the shore of an alpine lake in Bear River Cafion, Uintas; 8,500-10,000
feet altitude. (1,450.)

PoLyrRIcHADELPHUS LyaLLu, Mitt. Cascade Mountains, (Lyall;)
Colorado, (Hall;) Yosemite Valley, Mount Dana, and Clear Lake, California.
On wet rocks in the Clover Mountains, Nevada; 10,000 feet altitude. (1,451.)

Fontinauis antipyretica, L. All Europe; New England to Pennsyl-
vania; Fort Colville, (Lyall;) Coast Range and Silver Mountains, California.
Var. GIGANTEA, Sull. In running water in Ruby Valley, Nevada, and in Bear
River Valley, near Evanston, Utah; 6,000 feet altitude. (1,452.)

PsSEUDOLESKEA CATENULATA, Schl. (?) Mountains of Europe. Onrocks
in Bear River Cafion, Uintas; 8,000 feet altitude. 'The specimens are nearly
allied to this species, but the areolation of the leaf is larger and the leaf itself
more pointed and of a lighter color. (1,453.) 5

Evryncuium stricosuM, Hoffm. Temperate and Southern Europe;
Chili; common east of the Mississippi and from Canada to the -Rocky
Mountains; Nulato, Alaska; Fort Colville and Galton Mountains, (Lyall ;)
Big Tree Grove, California. On a rocky ridge in Bear River Canon, Uintas;
9,000 feet altitude. (1,454.)

EURYNCHIUM DIVERSIFOLIUM, Schl. Norway; Newfoundland; Southern
Ohio. On the bark of dead pines in the Uintas ; 7,500 feet altitude. (1,455.)

BRACHYTHECIUM RUTABULUM, L. All Europe; Peru; very common
CATALOGUE. 409

eastward. On wet rocks and roots, West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada ;
6,000 feet altitude. (1,456.)

BRACHYTHECIUM ASPERRIMUM, Mitt. British Columbia, (Lyall, Douglas.)
On a stream bank in Secret Valley, Kast Humboldt Mountains, Nevada ; 6,000
feet altitude. (1,457.)

BRACHYTHECIUM RIVULARE, Br. & Sch. Central and Western Europe ;
Newfoundland and Canada; New England, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin;
Rocky Mountains of British America; Kotzebue Sound. Stream-bank in Fré-
mont’s Pass, Kast Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 6,500 feet altitude. (1,458.)

BracHYTHECIUM coLLINuM, Schl. Central Europe; British America,
(Drummond ;) Cascade Mountains, (Lyall;) Yosemite Valley. On stream-
banks and rocks in the East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and in the
Wahsatch and Uintas; 5-9,000 feet altitude. (1,459.)

BRACHYTHECIUM SALEBROSUM, Hoffm. All Europe. Kotzebue Sound;
Washington Territory, (Lyall;) Saskatchewan, (Bourgean;) and common
eastward. Atawarm spring in Goose Creek Valley, Nevada; 5,500 feet
altitude. (1,460.)

BRACHYTHECIUM LaTuM, Br. & Sch. Common eastward; Yosemite
Valley. On a shaded stream-bank in the Wahsatch; 8,000 feet alti-
tude. (1,461.)

BRACHYTHECIUM ALBICANS, Neck. All temperate Europe; Rocky Mount-
ains of British America, (Drummond, Bourgeau.) On rocks at head of Bear
River, Uintas; 9,500 feet altitude. (1,462.)

BracuyTHecium Utanense, James. Synoicum ; pusillum tenerum laxe
cespitulosum; caule repente semiunciali copiose radiculigero; ramis ramul-
isque brevibus laxiuscule foliatis; foliis erecto-patentibus oblongo-lanceolatis
sensim tenui-acutatis arctius pellucide lineari-areolatis, cellulis angularibus
quadratis griseo-granulosis, ad medium costatis, toto margine serratis; peri-
chetialibus erectis ecostatis raptim acuminatis grossius serratis; capsula
oblongo-ovali subsymmetrica annulata in pedicello 3—-4-lineari levi erecta;
operculo breviter conico obtuso; peristomio generis.—Not unlike B. collinum
and B. Hillebrandi, but somewhat smaller and more delicate than either,
differing from the first in its elongate-lanceolate leaf and erect symmetrical
capsule, from the second inits smooth pedicel, and from both in its syncecious
inflorescence. On sandstone rocks overhanging a dry stream-bed, near

Hanging Rock Station, Echo Cafion, Utah; 6,000 feet altitude. (1,463.)
52
410 BOTANY.

Camprornecium Nevapense, Lesqx. Sierras of California, On sand
in Clear Creek Cafion near Carson City, and on rocks in the West Humboldt
Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch; 5,000 feet altitude. (1,464.)

AMBLYSTEGIUM SERPENS, Dill. All Europe; South America; Alaska ;
wooded regions of British America; common eastward and in California. On
stream-banks in the East and West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 5—7,000
feet altitude. (1,465.)

AMBLYSTEGIUM compactum, C. Miill. British America, (Drummond ;)
Fort Colville, (Lyall ;) Oregon and California. On stream-banks in the West
Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 7,000 feet altitude. (1,466.)

AMBLYSTEGIUM RADICALE, Beauv. Europe; South America; Galton and
Cascade Mountains, (Lyall;) common east of the Mississippi. In the West
Humboldt Mountains, Nevada. (1,467.)

AMBLYSTEGIUM oRTHOCLADON, Sull. Europe; Washington Territory,
(Lyall ;) Little Lake Valley, California; common east of the Mississippi.
At a cold spring in Ruby Valley, and at a warm spring in Thousand Spring
Valley, Nevada; 6,000 feet altitude. (1,468.)

AMBLYSTEGIUM RIPARIUM, L. All Europe; Cuba; Greenland ; frequent
eastward and in California. On stream-banks in Thousand Spring Valley,
Nevada, and in Provo Cafion in the Wahsatch; 6—7,000 feet altitude. (1,469.)

AMBLYSTEGIUM NOTEROPHILUM, Sull. Pennsylvania; California, (Bigelow.)
In a beaver-pond in Pack’s Cafion, Uintas; 7,000 feet altitude. (1,470.)

Limyosium patustRE, L. All Europe; Vermont and Pennsylvania;
British America, (Drummond.) In a rocky gorge of American Fork Cafion,
in the Wahsatch; 9,000 feet altitude. (1,471.)

Limnosium ? A new species, but the specimens barren. On
Cave Creek in Ruby Valley, Nevada; 6,000 feet altitude. (1,472.)

HyYpnuM PALLESCENS, Schp. Alpine and subalpine Europe; Canada
and British America, (Drummond ;) and common eastward. » On the bark of
dead pines in Pack’s Cafion, Uintas; 7,500 feet altitude. (1,473.)

Hypnum imponens, Hedw. Central Europe; common east of the Mis-
sissippi. On rocks in Bear River Cafion, Uintas; 9,000 feet altitude. (1,474.)

Hypyum uncinatum, Hedw. All Europe; Asia; Greenland; Davis
Strait, (Taylor ;) Kotzebue Sound and Alaska; wooded regions of. British
America; Cascade Mountains, (Lyall ;) Sierras of California, and common.
east of the Mississippi. In the Wahsatch; 8,000 feet altitude. (1,475.)

 
CATALOGUE. 411

Hypnum ruurrans, L. All Europe; South America; Davis Strait,
(Taylor ;) wooded regions of British America; in swamps eastward. In
water in Bear River Valley and Cafion, Uintas; 6,500-9,500 feet alti-
tude. (1,476.)

Hypnum apuncum, Hedw. All Europe; South America; British
America, (Drummond ;) in swamps eastward, and frequent in California. In
a stream in the Virginia Mountains, and in an alpine lake in the Clover
Mountains, Nevada; 5-10,000 feet altitude. (1,477.)

Var. aiganteum, Br. & Sch. New Hampshire; Minnesota. In water
in Bear River Valley, near Evanston, Utah; 6,000 feet altitude. (1,478.)

Hypnom Fiuicinum, L. All Europe ; Pennsylvania and Ohio; Saskatche-
wan region, (Drummond, Bourgeau;) Colorado, (Hall;) Washington Terri-
tory, (Lyall.) In a.wet rocky gorge of American Fork Cafion in the
Wahsatch ; 9,000 feet altitude. (1,479.)

Hypyum

 

? A new species, apparently near H. filicinum and H.
Jluviatile, but the specimens without fruit. In a cold spring in Ruby Valley,
Nevada; 6,000 feet altitude. (1,480.)

HEPATIC 2."

Riccra exauca, L. In the Wahsatch Mountains; 7,000 feet altitude;
June. (1,481.)

Riccta crystaLuina, L. West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 5,000
feet altitude; September. (1,482.)

MarcHanTia PotyMorPHA, L. Reported on the western coast from
California to Kotzebue Sound. East and West Humboldt Mountains,
and in the Wahsatch ; 5—-8,500 feet altitude; July-September. (1,483.)

FEGATELLA conica, Corda. Reported from California and Sitka. Clo-
ver Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch; 7,000 feet altitude; June,
September. (1,484.)

FIMBRIARIA TENELLA, Nees. Reported from California and Alaska.
Wahsatch, near Salt Lake City; 6,000 feet altitude; May. (1,485.)

RapvuLa compLaNaTA, Dumort. In the Uintas; 9,000 feet altitude ;

July. (1,486.)

 

1 Determined by C. C, Frost, Esq:
412 , BOTANY.

LICHENES.

BY PROF. EDWARD TUCKERMAN.

EverniA vuupina, (L.,) Ach. This lichen, so abundant in the Sierras
of California, was found only in a single locality in the Virginia Mountains,
Western Nevada, upon Juniperus occidentalis. (1,487.)

THELOSCHISTES PARIETINUS, Var. PoLycARPUS, Fr. On Quercus in the
Wahsatch. (1,488.) Also Var. tycanzus, Nyl. In the Wahsatch. (1,489.)

ParMe.ia onivacea, (L.,) Ach. On Cercocarpus; Wahsatch. (1,490.)

ParMELiA conspersa, (Ehrh.,) Ach. In the Uintas. (1,491.)

PHyscla sTELLARIS, (L.) On rocks upon Antelope Island, Salt Lake,
with various Lecanore and other lichens. (1,492.)

Payscra opscura, (Ehrh.,) Nyl., Var. approaching P. pulverulenta. On
trees in the Wahsatch. (1,493.)

Peiticera apaTHosa, (L.,) Hoffm. In the Uintas. (1,494)

, PELTIGERA RUFESCENS, (Neck.,) Hoffm. In Nevada and Utah; on the
earth ; sometimes too near the next. (1,495.)

PELTIGERA CANINA, (L.,) Hoffm. In the Uintas. (1,496.)

Pannaria Hypnorom, (Vahl.,) Delis. Uintas; on the earth. (1,497.)

Piacopium FULGENS, (Sw.,) DC., Var. Bracteatum, Ach. Carrington
Island, Salt Lake; on the earth. (1,498.)

Puacopium ELEGANS, (Link.,) DC. On rocks in Western Nevada, An-
telope Island, and the Uintas. (1,499.)

Pracopium vireLuinum, (Ehrh.,) Neg. & Hepp. On moss near Car-
son City, and on rocks in the Uintas. (1,500.)

Puacopium cerinum, (Hedw.,) Neg. & Hepp., Var. Biatorinum, Nyl.
On Populus, in the Wahsatch. (1,501.)

Lecanora RuBINA, (Vill.,) Scher. In the East Humboldt Mountains,
Nevada, and in the Uintas. (1,502.) Also Var. opaca, Ach. In Western
Nevada, and on Antelope Island. 1,503.)

LeEcanora muRALIS, (Schreb.,) Scheer. (L. saxicola, Ach.) On rocks,
Antelope Island. (1,504.) Also Var. Garovacnu, Anz. Near Carson
City. (1,505.)

Lecanora susrusca, (L.,) Ach., Var. syivestris, Nyl. (?) On Cotton-

wood, in the Wahsatch. (1,506.) Also Var. umprina, Nyl. On rocks, An-
telope Island. (1,507.)
CATALOGUE. 413

Lecanora CINEREA, (L.,) Sommerf., Var. c. With the last, and in the
Clover Mountains, Nevada. (1,508.) Also Var. CINEREO-RUFESCENS, Nyl.
On rocks, Antelope Island. (1,509.)

LecaNnora CERVINA, (Pers.,) Nyl., Var. With the last, (1,510.) Also
in the same locality, Var. rucarpa, Nyl. (1,511.)

LrcanoRA CHLOROPHANA, (Wahl) Ach. Same locality. (1,512.)

» Lecanora xantuornana, Nyl. Utah. (1,513.)

Riyopina sopHopss, (Ach., Nyl.) On Cottonwood, (with 1506,) in the
Wahsatch. (1,514.)

Cuaponia pyxipaTa, (L.,) Fr. Ulintas; on the earth in the shade of
pines. (1,515.) Also Var. sympnicarpa, Fr. Same locality. (1,516.)

Cuaponza FimpriaTa, (L.,) Fr, Var. a. Same locality. Celt)

BriaToRA GLOBIFERA, (Ach.,) Fr. On the earth, near Carson City,
Nevada. (1,518.)

Bratora Russeviu, Tuck. Stansbury Island, Salt Lake. (1,519.)

BiaTora DEcIPIENS, (Ehrh.,) Fr. On alkaline earth on Rabbit and Car-
rington Islands, Salt Lake. (1,520.)

LecrpEa vesicuLaris, (Hoffm.,) Ach. On the earth, near Salt Lake
City. This well-known European species, the most interesting lichen of
the collection, was found in Arctic America by Richardson, but the only evi-
dence up to this time of its being an inhabitant of the United States was a
specimen in the herbarium of Schweinitz, without indication of locality and
not certainly known to be American. (1,521.)

Bueruia Monracnat, (Keerb,) Tuck. Antelope Island. (1,522.)

Bueiuia Grograpuica, (L.,) Tuck On rocks. (1,523.)

EnpocaRPon MINIATUM, (L.,) Scher., Var. On rocks, Antelope Island,
and in the Uintas. © (1,524.)

Var. compLticatum, Scher. On rocks. (1,525.)

Var. Mustensercu, Nyl. On rocks. (1,526.)

FUNGI"

Agaricus ? Some three or four species of this genus were
collected, but none of them in a proper condition for determination. (1,527.)

CANTHARELLUS AURANTIACUS, Fries. Western Nevada. (1,528.)

 

 

1 Determined in part by C. C. Frost, Esq., in part (the Zecidia and Puccinie) by Dr. J. 8. BILLINGS,
Ass’t Surg. U. 8. A,
414 BOTANY.

Lenzires striata, Swartz. In the Uintas. (1,529.)
? In the Wahsatch. (1,530.)
? In the Uintas, upona rocky ridge; 9,000 feet alti-

 

DZDALEA

Hypo
tude. (1,531.)

MERULIUS LACHRYMANS, Schum. (1,532.)

CLAVARIA AUREA, Scheff. In the Uintas. (1,533.)

CuavaRia ForMosA, Pers. In the Uintas; rocky ridge; 9,000 feet alti-
tude. (1,534.)

Cuavaria FuMOSA, Pers. (?) In the Uintas; moist shaded cafion;
10,000 feet altitude. (1,535.)

LycopeRDON GEMMATUM, Bull. Western Nevada. (1,536.)

LycopeRDON GIGANTEUM, Batsch. City of Rocks, Southeastern Idaho,

 

on sand; nearly 1° in diameter. (1,537.)

Peziza sTERCOREA, Pers. On muddy stream-banks in the West Hum-
boldt Mountains, Nevada. (1,538.)

Ecrpium crassum, Pers. On Phlox; Western Nevada. (1,539.)

AXciw1um Banara, B. & C. On Arabis; Western Nevada. (1,540.)

Puccinta RuGosA, J. S. Billings. Sp. Nov. Maculis nullis vel oblite-
ratis ; ceespitulis hypophyllis elongatis irregularibus confertis seepe confluent-
ibus fuscis, epidermide lacerata cinctis; sporis late ovatis vix constrictis
aculeatis vel rugosis rubro-fuscis; pedicellis brevissimis hyalinis. Long. ad
.0015, lat. ad .0010 unc.—On leaves of Macrorrhynchus troximoides. Ne-
vada. (1,541.)

Puccinia BRUNNEA, J. 8. Billings. Sp. Mov. Maculis nullis; cespi-
tulis hypophyllis et caulinis rotundatis confertis fuscis; sporis medio con-
strictis luteis obovatis; pedicellis subeequalibus luteis longis. Long. ad
0016, lat. ad .0009 unc—Nevada. (1,542.)

Puccinia Gayoruytl, J. 8. Billings. Sp. Nov. Maculis nullis; cespi-
tulis epiphyllis et caulinis sparsis rotundis fuscis; sporis obovatis constrictis
fuscis supra rotundatis ; pedicellis brevissimis hyalinis. Long. ad .0013, lat.
ad .0008 unc.—On Gayophytum. Nevada. (1,543.)

Myce.tum

 

? An abundant growth in some of the damp tunnels
and drifts in the mines of Nevada, often hanging from the timbers in snow-
white stalactite-like masses. Without fruit. (1,544.)
CATALOGUE. ALS

ALGAE.

BY PROF. H. C. WOODS.

ULvA ‘MERISMOPEDIOIDES, Woods. Sp. Nov. Ampla membranacea
late expansa dilute viridis tenuis radiatim et enormiter plicata, ambitu seepe
subrotundata; margine undulato, interdum subcrenato; cellulis enormiter
ovalibus vel angularibus, nucleo destitutis, quarternariis et in familias Meris-
mopediarum modo obscure associatis. Diam. cell. max. wm =.00041’, ple-
rumque is3m5 — i500 = -00016' — .00025’.—Found in a mountain stream in Dia-
mond range, Nevada; 6,000 feet altitude. (1,545.)

LEMANEA CATENATA, Kiitz. With the last. (1,546.)

BATRACHOSPERMUM VAGUM, Kiitz (?) Vage ramosissimum, uni- vel tri-
pollicare, fuscum vel erugineum ; internodiis inferioribus ramellis numerosis
obsessis, superioribus nudis vel subnudis ; ramulorum articulis extremis setis
longissimis instructis. Diam. spor. glob. 7p’ =.00333’—This is referred
doubtfully to B. vagum and is very probably a new species. Found grow-
ing on the border of a beaver pond in Pack’s Cafion, Uintas; 7,000 feet alti-
tude; July. (1,547.)

Nostoc cristatum, Bailey. In cold alpine streams and lakes, on rocks,
in the Clover Mountains, Nevada, and in the Uintas; 9—-10,000 feet altitude.
Common in the Alleghany Mountains, and identical with WV. alpinum, K., of
Europe. WV. Dickai, Sutherland, found in the low countries of Central Brit-
ish America, appears to be the same as our form, though the only published
descriptions of it are imperfect. (1,548.) _

Prorococcus nivaLis, Ag. Not rare on old snows in the alpine regions
of the Sierras, and in the Kast Humboldt and Clover Mountains, Nevada,
and in the Uintas, giving a pale-pink tinge to the drifts. July-Septem-
ber. (1,549.)

Several other forms of fresh-water Alg@ were collected, but not in
suitable condition for determination.
ADDITIONS.

Dr. Epwarp Patmer’s collections in Southern Utah during 1870, re-
ceived while the preceding Catalogue was going through the press, have
added several genera and species to the list of known plants of that Territory,
as well as several new species to our Flora. Such as could not be incor-
porated in the Catalogue are here appended, with a few that had been omitted,
and localities are added extending the range of some of the other species.

Page 13. Berseris Frimontu, Torr: Bot. Mex. Bound. 30. A shrub
5-15° high; leaflets 2-4 pairs, the lowest approximate to the base of the
petiole, rigid and coriaceous, glaucous, ovate-lanceolate or broadly ovate,
4-2’ long, shortly cuneate at base, undulate and sinuate-dentate with 1-4
pairs of spinescent teeth; racemes few, 1-3, erect, loosely 5-9-flowered,
about equaling the leaves, the pedicels alternate or opposite, 4-10” long;
petals 2-3” long; filaments inappendiculate ; berries ovate or nearly globular,
‘‘dark-blue.”—The mature fruit seems to have been first collected by Dr.
Palmer and is dry and bladdery, globose, 4-6’ in diameter, apparently
greenish-yellow ; seeds 8, about 23’ long. Western Texas, New Mexico,
and near St. Thomas in Southern Utah.

Page 19. SrrepTanTHus corpatus, Nutt. Near St. George, Southern
Utah, (Palmer.)

Page 35. Viota Nuttatiu, Pursh, Var. venosa. Near St. George,
Southern Utah, (Palmer.) This is perhaps a distinct species.

Page 36. POLYGALACE.

KRAMERIA' PARVIFOLIA, Benth. Gray, Plant. Wright.1. 41. Shrubby,
1-2° high, canescent with appressed pubescence, erect, very much

 

1KRAMERIA, L. Flowers subresupinate. Sepals 4-5, slightly unequal, the outermost a little
larger, one of the inner sometimes very small. Petals 5; 3 averse from the outer sepal, long-clawed, the
claws connate or rarely free, the subequal lamina spreading or the middle one folded ; 2 much shorter,
thick and rounded, sessile at the base of the stamineal tube. Stamens 4, connate at base or to the middle;
anthers 2-celled, dehiscent by a slightly introrse oblique foramen. Ovary 1-celled or half-2-celled by
the intruded placenta. Ovules 2, collateral, pendent from the top of the side which is opposite the outer
sepal; style acutish or truncate. Fruit coriaceous, globose or slightly compressed, spiny or muricate,
indehiscent, 1-seeded. Seed estrophiolate, exalbuminous; testa thin; radicle terete, included between
the fleshy cotyledons.—Undershrubs or suffrutescent herbs, usually prostrate and silky-tomentose ; leaves
simple or 3-foliolate, narrow or small; racemes terminal; pedicels usually bibracteolate in the middle.
Bentu. & Hoox.
CATALOGUE, A17

branched; branches divaricate, somewhat spinescent; leaves linear, about
4’ long, sessile, often subfalcate, obtuse or the younger mucronate ; peduncles
mostly solitary, often twice bibracteolate ; flower-bud gibbous, ¥' long; sepals
purple, moderately unequal, ovate and oblong; posterior petals equal in
length, with united claws, the lateral lamina dilated, oblique, rhomboid-ovate,
the middle one much larger, narrowly oblong; stamens distinct, adnate to the
claws ; fruit ovoid, acuminate, sometimes subcordate, canescently hairy and
beset with slender barbed prickles.—Southern California to Southern Texas
and New Mexico; Southern Nevada, (Frémont.)

Page 38. Crrastium arvenst, L., and Sreniaria crassrrouia, Ehrh.
Labrador, (Rev. 8. R. Butler.)

Page 40. ArznartA Fenpieri, Gray. The typical form of this species
was collected in Southern Utah by Dr. Palmer. His very fine specimens
are 1° in height, with a decidedly woody base.

Page 41. Arenarta verna, L. Labrador, (Butler.)

Page 48. Spomraucea incana, Torr. Plant. Wright. 1. 21. Hoary-
velvety throughout with a minute closely appressed stellate pubescence ;
stems erect, woody at base; leaves ovate, sub-3-lobed, obtuse, obsoletely
crenulate, sometimes subcordate; flowers small, axillary, crowded and race-
mose-panicled; cells 2-3-ovuled. Var. opnonemronia, Gray. Tall and
slender, 2-3° high, loosely branching; leaves lance-oblong, the lower cauline
2-3’ long, more broadly lanceolate and often hastately 3-lobed, the upper
usually only crenate-toothed, sometimes all more or less lobed; carpels
beaked—The specimens resemble the original 1329 Wright, (thus doubtfully
referred by Dr. Gray and noted as “inclined to run into S. angustifolia,
Spach.,”) and others collected by Newberry in Ives’ expedition ; 58 and 886
Wright, considered a variety of S. angustifolia are but slightly different, and
S. Fendleri, Gray, is but another form. New Mexico and Arizona; Southern
Utah, (Palmer.)

Page 49—before GERANIACEX,

ZYGOPHYLLACEZ.

Larrea’ Mexicana, Moric. 3-10° high, the branchlets short and very
numerous ; leaflets a single pair, connate at base, 2-4’ long, elliptic, oblong,

 

‘LARREA, Cav. Sepals 5, deciduous, imbricated. Petals 5, unguiculate, exceeding the calyx,
deciduous, imbricated. Disk small, 10-lobed. Stamens 10, inserted at the base of the disk; filaments
attached below upon the outer side to a bifid scale; anthers oblong. Ovary short-stipitate, pilose,

53
418 BOTANY.

or ovate, often curved or falcate, puberulent; flowers 9” in diameter, the
rounded sepals silky-pubescent; scale somewhat lacerate-toothed, a little
shorter than the filaments—The well-known ‘“ Kreasote plant,” often abun-
dant in Northern Mexico and the territories bordering upon it, from Southern
California to Western Texas and the head-waters of the Arkansas River.
Southern Nevada, (Frémont.)

Faconra! Catrrornica, Benth. Bot. Sulph.10. 4-1° high or more,
rough on the angles or glabrate, the branches diffuse, repeatedly dichotomous ;
stipules 0-2” long, spinescent, spreading or reflexed; leaflets 3, ovate or
oblong-lanceolate, 1-4” long, articulated, naked on the margin, shorter than
the petiole or about equaling it; sepals ovate-oblong, terminating in a spread-
ing awn, minutely serrulate ; petals 14-25” long, pinkish or yellow; fruit 2”
long, exceeding the peduncle, scabrous——Southern California and Arizona,
and probably occurring in Southern Nevada.

Page 50, under Ruraces. THamnosma® mMonTanum, Torr. & Frém.
Shrubby, 1-2° high, very much branched, the branchlets spinescent at the end;
leaves scattered, rather thick, linear-spatulate, 4” long; flowers dark-purple (’);
disk much shorter that the (1-2”) stipe; fruit yellow, 3-4” long—Sonora,
Southern California and Arizona; Southern Nevada, (Frémont;) Southern
Utah, (Palmer.)

Page 51. Ceanotuus Greeeu, Gray. Plant. Wright.2.28. Branchlets

 

5-celled, attenuate into a subulate sometimes 5-partible style; stigmas 5, minute ; ovules about 6 in each
cell, pendent in pairs. Fruit globose, villous, 5-berried, the berries separating from the axis, indehis- —
cent, 1l-seeded. Seeds oblong; testa thin and smooth; albumen horny; cotyledons narrowly oblong.—
Evergreen heavy-scented shrubs, coated with resin, the branches distichous, alternate, nodose ; leaves
opposite, 2-foliolate or pinnate, leaflets unequal, often connate; stipules persistent; peduncles inter-
stipular, short, terminal, 1-flowered ; flowers yellow. Buntu. & Hook.

1FAGONIA, L. Sepals 5, deciduous, imbricated. Petals 5, unguiculate, caducous, imbricated.
Disk short, inconspicuous. Stamens 10, inserted on the disk; filaments filiform, naked; anthers short-
oblong. Ovary sessile, 5-angled, 5-celled, attenuate into a subulate 5-angled style; stigma simple ; ovules
2, collateral, near the base of the cell, each pendent from an ascending funiculus. Fruit pyramidally
5-angled, 5-berried, the berries 1-seeded, at length free from the axis, dehiscent on the inner side, the fleshy
endocarp separating. Seeds erect, compressed, broad-oblong; testa mucilaginous; albumen horny; coty-
ledons broad, flat, ovate.—Much-branched herbs, woody at base, diffuse or prostrate, rough with short hairs
often tuberculated at top, or glabrous; leaves opposite, 1-3-foliolate, leaflets entire, mucronate ; stipules
often spinescent; peduncles solitary, interstipular, 1-flowered ; flowers rose-color or violet, rarely becom-
ing yellowish. Brnru. & Hook.

?THAMNOSMA, Torr. & Frem. Calyx short, 4-lobed. Petals 4, sessile, entire, imbricate.
Disk cup-shaped, crenate or lobed. Stamens 8, inserted at the base of the disk; filaments filiform, equal ;
anthers short. Ovary stipitate, didymous, 2-celled; cells dehiscent on the inner side, 4-6-seeded
Seeds subreniform, smooth or muricate ; testa crustaceous; albumen fleshy; embryo terete, curved.—
Small shrubs or suffrutescent herbs, subleafless or leafy, glandular and heavy-scented ; leaves alternate,

simple, entire, linear or cuneate ; flowers yellow, pedicelled, toward the ends of the branchlets.—BENTH.
& Hoox.
CATALOGUE. 419

short, divaricate, rigid; leaves opposite, elliptical, 3-4” long, very shortly
petioled, subtomentose, with very rarely 1-2 small teeth toward the apex;
flowers in small terminal umbels on very short (1-2’’) lateral branchlets ; fruit
truncate-globose, with 3 prominences, the pedicel 3-4” long—Very near C.
cuneatus, Nutt. New Mexico and Northern Mexico ; Southern Utah, (Palmer.)

Ravs eiasra, L. Soutliern Utah, (Palmer.)

Page 63. HosackIA PUBERULA, Benth. G'ray’s Syn., .c., p. 349. Per-

_ennial, slender, erect, 6’-1° high, minutely appressed-puberulent ; leaflets

@36, on a short rachis, linear, lanceolate or oblong; peduncles exceeding the
leaves, 1-4-flowered, the bract 1-3-foliolate ; flowers 6” long, turning purple;
calyx-teeth attenuate, as long as the tube; pod linear, 1’ long, straight or
nearly so.—Dr. Palmer’s specimens have the peduncles 1-2" long, but the
petiole is wholly wanting, the apparently palmate leaflets oblanceolate, spatu-
late-oblong, or the lowest obovate. Other specimens from New Mexico,
(Palmer, 1869,) and from the Rio Verde, Arizona, (Dr. Smart,) tend to unite
H. Wrightit with this species. Southwestern Texas, Arizona, and Mexico;
Southern Utah.

Page 64. Dauma tanata, Spreng. (D. lanuginosa, Nutt.) Decum-
bent, canescently tomentose throughout, the stems 1-3° long from a bien-
nial or perennial root; leaflets 4-6 pairs, obovate-cuneate, emarginate, 3-6”
long, 2-3’ wide; bracts ovate, abruptly long-acuminate; spikes usually
opposite to the leaves, 2-3’ long, on moderately long peduncles, many-
(30-50-) flowered; calyx-teeth plumose, subulate, broad at base, equaling
the tube ; petals deep-purple, wings and keel oval, nearly equal, the banner
broadly cordate, a little the longer, 2-3” long, but little exceeding or twice
longer than the calyx; pod small—From Nebraska, (James, ) Arkansas and
the Indian Territory to Western Texas, New Mexico, and Northern Mexico;
Southern Utah, (Palmer.)

Hepysarum Macxenzu, Rich. Southern Utah, (Palmer.)

Page 78. Latayrus patusrris, L. Labrador, (Rev. S. R. Butler.)

Page 79. Ropinta Neo-Mexicana, Gray. A shrub 46° high ; stipular
spines often 3” long, sharp and stout, subrecurved ; leaflets elliptic or ob-
long, $-1’ long; peduncles and the short-crowded racemes hispid with
straight glanduliferous hairs; calyx finely hispid, the teeth subulate-lance-
olate ; flowers pink; pods glandular-hispid, similar to those of R. viscosa.—
Arizona, New Mexico, and Southern Utah, (Palmer.)
420 BOTANY.

Prosopis: pusescens, Benth. (Strombocarpa, Gray. Plant. Wright.
1. 60.) A shrub 6-20° high; stipular spines in pairs, short and straight ;
pinne 2, with 4-10 pairs of coriaceous oblong leaflets, 3-4” long, subpubes-
cent beneath and on the petioles; peduncles axillary, shorter than the.
leaves; flowers in cylindrical spikes, 1-2’ long; calyx and petals yellowish
appressed-silky externally ; petals about 1” long; stamens and style exsert;
ovary short-stipitate ; pod closely spiral, 1-2’ long, cinereous-pubescent when
young.—The “ screw-bean” of New Mexico and Arizona; Southern Nevada,
(Frémont ;) Southern Utah, (Palmer.) ®

Prunus MINUTIFLORA, Eng. Plant. Lindh. 185. A shrub 1-6° high,
densely branched, subspinescent, glabrous with the young branchlets puber-
ulent; leaves fascicled, small, 3-9’ long, oval or obovate (or oblong-spatu-
late,) attenuate to a short glandless petiole, very obtuse or acutish, entire or
sparingly denticulate, more or less coriaceous, glabrous or somewhat puberu-
lent when young; stipules very minute; flowers solitary, 13’ long, subses-
sile, the calyx turbinate; stamens 10-15, in 2-3 rows; fruit globular, 4-6”
in diameter, more or less tomentose; the flesh thin and dry, narrowly
grooved on the ventral suture, separating from the globose smooth and even
stone, the sutures of which are but slightly ridged and grooved and the sides
not at all compressed—Very near P. Andersonit. Western Texas, New
Mexico, and Southern Utah, (Palmer.)

Page 82. Rusus stricosus, Mx. Labrador, (Rev. 8. R, Butler.)

Page 83. Cercocarrus LEDIFoLIus, Nutt. Southern Utah, (Palmer.)

Page 93. Saxirraca caspitosa, L. Labrador, (Butler.)

Page 97. Parnassta paRvirLtorA, DC. Labrador, (Butler.)

 

1PROSOPIS, L. Flowers 5-parted, usually sessile. Calyx campanulate, short-dentate. Petals
connate below the middle or at length free, valvate. Stamens 10, free, shortly exsert; anthers tipped
with a deciduous gland or rarely glandless. Ovary sessile or stipitate, many-ovuled; style filiform;
stigma terminal, small. Pod linear, thick-compressed or subtercte, straight, faleate, or variously twisted,
coriaceous, indehiscent, the exocarp thin or coriaccous, mesocarp thick and spongy, hardly or rarely
thin, endocarp cartilaginous or papyraceous, continuous with the septa between the seeds and some-
times enwrapping them; pod rarely subcontinuous within. Seeds usually ovate, compressed.—Trees or
shrubs, prickly, unarmed, or having solitary or geminate axillary spines or spinescent stipules; leaves
bipinnate, pinne usually 1-2 pairs, leaflets few-many pairs, often rather rigid; stipules and glands small
or none; flowers small, in cylindrical spikes or rarely in globose heads, peduncles axillary. BEntTH. &
Hoox. Our North American species belong to the following sections, huving the petals woolly at
apex and the ovary villous :—

§ ALGAROBIA, Benth. Pod elongated, usually faleate, flat or subterete, continuous and moniliform
or subjointed. Spiny trees or shrubs, with cylindrical, spikes.—P. GLANDULOSA, Torr.

§Srrompocarpa, Benth. Pod spirally twisted, with spongy mesocarp, endocarp sometimes thin.
Shrubs with spinescent stipules, and globose, oblong or cylindrical spikes.—P, puBEscENS, Benth., and
P. CINERASCENS, H. & A.
CATALOGUE. 421

/

Page 103. Errioprum auprnum, L. Labrador, (Butler.)

Page 113. Peranonyx' Tuurpert, Gray. Plant. Thurb. 319. Bot.
Mex. Bound. t. 17. Perennial, woody at. base, 1-24° high, covered with a
fine short retrorsely appressed rigid pubescence; cauline leaves 6-15” long,
ovate-lanceolate, smaller (2-6”) on the branches and usually ovate or tri-
angular-ovate, entire or coarsely toothed toward the base ; spikes 5-1’
long, dense, the bracts similar to the upper leaves, becoming somewhat sca-
rious, each subtending 1-3 sessile flowers ; bractlets small, linear ; petals yel-
lowish, fading, 2-3” long, the claws sparingly hispid on the outside; fila-
ments and style 4’ long, glabrous; ovary scarcely enlarging ; capsule 14-2”
long—Colorado Desert, (Thurber ;) Sonora, (Schott ;) Southern Utah,
(Palmer.}

MENTZELIA MULTIFLORA, Nutt. Plant. Gambel. 180. Branched, 3-18’
high ; leaves oblong to linear-lanceolate, usually 1-2’ long, the lower some-
times 4-5’ long, pinnatifid with few—many lobes, sinuses deep or shallow ;
flowers yellow, fading to white, 4-9” long; outer filaments dilated ; capsules
subturbinate or cylindrical, 3-10” long, 2-3” broad; seeds about 8 in each
row, compressed, smooth.—Arizona to Western Texas and Colorado; South-
ern Utah, (Palmer.)

Page 117. Ecurnocactus poLycrpuatus, Eng. & Big. Southern Utah,
(Palmer.)

Page 131. Heracteum Lanatum, Mx. Southern Utah, (Palmer.)

Page 132. Garrya ———? Leaves elliptic-oblong, acute at each end,
1-23’ long on 3-6” petioles, densely pubescent beneath with straight ap-
pressed hairs, thinly pubescent or glabrate above, entire, with a revolute not
muriculate margin; fertile aments 1’ long, pendulous, crowded; bracts
broad-ovate, connate at base, foliaceous, acute or acuminate, 6-10 pairs;
flowers solitary; fruit densely pubescent; sterile aments not seen.—A well-
marked species, but not identified, though very near G‘. /aurifolia, Benth.,
which, however, appears to have glabrous or nearly glabrous fruit and flow-

1PETALONYX, Gray. Calyx-tube short-cylindric ; lobes 4-5, linear, equaling the tube, decidu-
ous. Petals 4-5, inserted on the margin of the epigynous disk, with very long claws, the blade ovate-
spatulate. Stamens 4-5, with capillary filaments; anthers didymous. Staminodia none. Ovary
1-celled ; style capillary; stigma simple; ovule solitary, pendent from the top of the cell. Fruit small
oblong, fragile, irregularly bursting, hispid. Seed filling the cell; testa membranous, smooth; albu-
men none; cotyledons thick, fleshy ; radicle very short.—An erect herb, branched above, cinereous-scab-
erulent, not bristly ; leaves alternate, sessile, subentire; flowers small, in heads or terminal leafy spikes,

bibracteolate. Bento. & Hook.
499 BOTANY.

ers. It was collected by Bigelow and others in Northern Arizona and New
Mexico and mentioned in Bot. Whipple's Rep. and Bot. Mex. Bound. under
G.. elliptica, from which it is clearly distinct. The species seen by Frémont
in Southern Nevada was probably the same, so that it is doubtful if the true
G.. elliptica occurs in this region. Central Arizona, (Captain C. A. Curtis ;)
near St. George, Southern Utah, (Palmer.)

Page 136. Piectrritis concesta, DC. Southern Utah, (Palmer.)

Page 163. ApLopappus spinutosus, DC., Var. canescens, Gray.’ 2.
Fendi. 75. California, New Mexico, and near Saltillo, Mexico. The typical
A. spinulosus extends east of the mountains to the Saskatchewan. The plant
is herbaceous, and has small pinnatifid or bipinnatifid rigid leaves, the lobes
bristle-tipped. The pappus in the present specimens is very unequal, and
the longer bristles are manifestly flattened toward the base.

Trssaria® poreatis, T. & G. Plant. Wright. 1. 102. A branching
willow-like shrub, several feet high; leaves an inch long or less, sessile, nar-
rowly elliptical, acute at both ends, somewhat silky; heads not large, in ter-
minal clusters of 8-8; outer involucral scales ovate, tomentose, the inner
ones scarious and very narrow ; flowers mostly very slender, pistillate only,
a few (6-8) central ones larger and perfect.—New Mexico to California, usu-
ally on sand-banks along the rivers. This is the ‘“‘Arrow-wood” of travellers,
and the Indians are said to use the long straight branches for their arrows.
There is a figure of it in Sitgreaves’ Report.

Page 166. FRanseria pumosa, Gray. Frémont’s Report, 316. A much
branched shrub, 1-2° high, with small canescent pinnatifid leaves, the minute
divisions 8-7, entire or lobed; heads in a loose spike, the sterile ones with a
5-1-cleft involucre ; fertile involucre with straight lanceolate prickles —Cali-
fornia and Arizona.

 

1The following determinations and notes upon the Composite of Dr. Palier’s Southern Utah col-
lection are due to Prof. Danie C. Earon. In addition to these described species, Dr. Palmer also
collected the following, which are new to that section of territory, but are already mentioned in the Cat-
alogue.—LErigeron Bellidiastrnum, Nutt. E. pumilum, Nutt. E. concinnum, T. & G., Var. condensatum, D.C.
Eaton, and Var. aphanactis, Gray. Chrysopsis villosa, Nutt., Var. hispida, Gray. Layia glandulosa, H. & A.
Gnaphalium palustre, Nutt. <Antennaria dimorpha, T. & G. Senecio Fendleri, Gray. Tetradymia spinosa,
H.& A. Cirsium undulatum, Spreng. Stephanomeria pentacheta, D. C. Eaton. Crepis occidentalis, Nutt.
Mulgedium pulchellum, Nutt.

*TESSARIA, Ruiz & Pavon. Heads many-flowered, rayless, the outer flowers in several rows,
pistillate, with truncate or 2-3-toothed slender corollas, 1-8 central flowers larger, perfect or staminate.
Involucral scales imbricated in several rows, the inner scales longest, scarious and deciduous. Anthers
tailed at the base. Style of the central flowers undivided, of the outer flowers 2-cleft, exserted, glabrous.

Achenia short, somewhat terete, smooth. Pappus of rather few very slender capillary bristles.—Mostly
South American shrubs, with scattered entire or toothed leaves,
CATALOGUE. 423

Page 168. Smsta’ canescens, Gray. Pl. Fendi. 85. Stem leafy below
or at the base only, the long branches nearly naked; leaves nearly sessile,
obovate or somewhat rhomboid, nearly entire, scabrous-canescent on both
sides; heads on long peduncles; involucre 4-6” wide, of few herbaceous
linear scales, densely covered with long white hairs; rays very large, wedge-
obovate, obscurely 3-lobed at the apex, the tube long and slender; achenia
oblong-wedge-shaped, villous with silvery-white hairs, especially along the
edges, and bearing 2 linear-subulate villous awns nearly as long as the disk-
corollas.—California and Arizona. Three other Helianthoid plants occur in
Dr. Palmer’s collection. One of them, having the achenia destitute of pappus,
and with opposite linear revolutely margined leaves, is possibly a Heliomeris.
Another, not in flower, is perhaps an Encelia. The lower leaves are opposite,
petioled, oblong-lanceolate, 3-nerved, obscurely toothed, and scabrous-canes-
cent on both sides. The third seems to be an undescribed Tithonia.

‘TITHONIA® ARGOPHYLLA. Silvery-white with a velvety pubescence;
radical leaves 2-3’ long, 1’ broad, softly coriaceous, rhomboid-obovate, entire,
3-nerved, narrowed into a petiole nearly as long as the leaf, (stem-leaves not
seen ;) heads more than 1’ broad; involucral scales rigid, imbricated in many
rows, at length reflexed; receptacle flattened-hemispherical; chaff with sca-
rious margins, conduplicate and partly inclosing the compressed oblong-
wedge-shaped silky-villous achenia; pappus of 2 short smooth rather stout
awns, and an intermediate very short lacerate-frimged membrane.—Onunly a
tuft of radical leaves and a single head have been examined. Dr. Palmer de-
scribes the stem as erect, 2-3° high, leafy, with the cauline leaves similar to
the radical ones. The plant seems to be as near to Viguiera as to Tithonia,
and indeed the information comes from Dr. Gray that the two genera are to
be united by Mr. Bentham in his revision of the Composite for the Genera

Plantarum.

 

1SIMSIA, Pers. A genus very near to Helianthus, but with the involucre not imbricated, and the
pappus consisting only of 2 rather stout awns, which, however, are wanting in one species of the genus.

‘2TITHONIA, Dusr. Heads many-flowered, radiate; the rays ligulate, neutral; disk-flowers per-
fect, the corolla 5-cleft, the tube rather short, inflated above. Involucre imbricated; the scales ovate,
rigid, with obtuse leafy appendages. Receptacle convex, the chaff lanceolate, membranaceous, and more
or less embracing the achenium. Branches of the style with exserted hispid subulate appendages. Ache-
nia of the ray triangular or obcompressed, pappus scanty, very short, of the disk compressed or sub-
tetragonal, smooth or hairy, crowned with 1-2 awns from the stronger angles, at least in the central
flowers, and bearing a single series of minute denticulate squamelle, (which in the species above de-
scribed are united into a ciliate crown.)—American herbs, with opposite or alternate triplinerved leaves
and yellow flowers. (Character mostly from De Candolle.)
424 BOTANY.

Gariarpia! PINNATIFIDA, Torr. 7. & G., Fv. 2. 366.—Perennial, canes
cent; stem 8-15’ high, leafy and sparingly branched; leaves 1-3’ long, pin-
natifid, the lobes few, oblong-linear, acute; heads 1-2’ broad; rays yellow,
or “purple toward the base ;” pappus-scales lanceolate, the barbellate awn
not exceeding the purplish disk-flowers ; fimbrillze of the receptacle subulate,
not dilated at the base—Nebraska and Arkansas to New Mexico and Arizona ;
Chihuahua, Mexico. A showy flower; the rays in Dr. Palmer’s specimens
are pure yellow and have the tube very long and slender.

PALAFOXIA? LINEARIS, Lagasca. Suffruticose (?), cinereous-pubescent ;
leaves linear or lanceolate, obtuse, with two obscure submarginal nerves be-
side the midrib; peduncles and slender coneave-carinate involucral scales
beset with copious flesh-colored glands and rigid spreading white hairs;
flowers 10-12, flesh-colored, all tubular, the lobes hairy at the tips; pappus
of 4-8 unequal linear scales, the very strong midnerve slightly excurrent.—
Plant a foot or more high; heads 8-10’ long. New Mexico to California
and southward into Mexico. A form with much larger heads is noticed in
Pl. Fendl., p. 95, as occurring in California.

Page 172. Cumyactris steviowes, H. & A. The specimens have a
pappus of only four short obtuse scales.

Page 173. Hymenopappus LutTeus, Nutt. Densely clothed with a fine
white (sometimes deciduous) wool; stems about a foot high, “several from a
thick caudex,” corymbose at the top; leaves mostly radical, 1-2-pinnately
divided into numerous narrow linear lobes 2-4” long; heads rather large;
involucral scales 8-12, oblong, scarious-margined, shorter than the disk;

 

1GAILLARDIA, Foucrroux. Heads many-flowered, radiate; rays neutral, deciduous, many-
nerved, the apex trifid; disk-flowers perfect, the tube short, the 5-cleft limb hispid with articulate usually
colored hairs. Receptacle convex, usually fimbrillate. Involucral scales in 2-3 series, from a rigid hase,
running into a leafy appendage longer than the disk. Branches of the style terminated by a long awl-
shaped hispid appendage. Achenia oblong or inversely pyramidal, villous. Pappus of 6-10 membranous
or hyaline scales, the midnerve produced into a slender awn.—North American herbs, more or less pubes-
cent or glandular. Leaves alternate, the lower ones petioled and often lobed, the upper sessile and entire.
Heads on long naked peduncles. Rays yellow, often saffron-colored or brownish-purple at the base.
Disk-flowers yellow or violet.

2PALAFOXIA, Lacasca. Teads 10-many-flowered ; rays deeply 3-cleft, pistillate, sometimes im-
perfectly developed or wanting; disk-flowers with a slender tube and a deeply 5-cleft expanded limb,
the lobes smooth or hairy at the tip, spreading or recurved, very narrow. Involucral scales oblong or
linear, herbaceous or membranaceous, at first appressed, at length stellately spreading, much shorter
than the disk-flowers. Receptacle small, flat, naked. Branches of the style very long and slender, flat-
tish, glandular-pubescent. Achenia linear, slender, 4-angled, pubescent or hispid, crowned hy a pappus
of 4-12 lincar or oblong membranous scales, awnless, but with a strong midnerve, the outer achenia
partly inclosed in the involucral scales, and often with a shorter pappus.—Herbs or suffrutescent, Texan
and Mexican, branching, strigose or glandular-pubescent. Leaves mostly alternate, linear or lanceolate
1-3-nerved, obtuse, entire. Flowers white, flesh-colored or purplish.
CATALOGUE. 425

achenia densely villous; pappus-scales oblong, obtuse, erose-denticulate
shorter than the tube of the yellow corolla—From Ham’s Fork in South-
western Wyoming to New Mexico, Arizona and California.

Page 177. Batteya’ pLentrapiata, Harv. & Gray. Pl. Fendl. 105.
Floccose-woolly, about 1° high; stem and branches strict, leaves incisely
pinnatifid or few-toothed, the radical ones bipinnatifid, and the uppermost
simple and linear; involucre bell-shaped, the scales 20-30; rays 25-40,
broadly obovate, twice as long as the involucre and at length reflexed and
imbricated over it; disk-flowers 40-50; achenia obscurely 5-angled, 10-stri-
ate, minutely sprinkled with resinous atoms——Heads an inch in diameter
when fully expanded. A few of the central achenia persist long after the
rest have fallen away. Dr. Gray observes, and these specimens confirm it,
that in this species the branches of the style have minute conical append-
ages, though in the other two species they are absolutely truncate. From
the Rio Grande to California, and southward to Sonora and Chihuahua,
Mexico.

Page 209. Vaccrnrum casprrosum, Mx. Labrador, (Butler.)

Page 210. ArcrostapHytos puncEens, HBK. (!) With specimens of
A. glauca, collected by Dr. Palmer near St. George, are others which
accord with what is considered A. pungens, HBK., differing from the first
only in their smaller and narrower leaves, which are about 1’ in length and
mostly acute at each end.

Page 211. Katmia eiauca, Ait. Labrador, (Butler.)

Page 276. Datura meTELoIDES, DC. Gray, in Bot. Mex. Bound. 154.
Pruinose-glaucescent, scarcely puberulent; leaves entire or often coarsely
sinuate-toothed ; flowers fragrant, white tinged with bluish-purple, often 8’
long, 5-6’ in diameter, strongly dilated above the cylindrical calyx, the limb
conspicuously 5-toothed; the teeth very salient, narrowly subulate, 3-1’

 

1 BAILEYA, Harvey & Gray; l.c. Heads radiate, 15-many-flowered; rays few-many, pistillate,
in 1-3 rows, broadly-cuneate or oval, 3-lobed, 7-nerved, unguiculate but not tubular at the base, wither-
ing-persistent ; disk-flowers with a short tube, the throat expanded, and the limb 5-toothed, the teeth
ovate, glandular, erect. Involucre of appressed equal oblong-linear woolly scales. Receptacle flat,
naked. Branches of the style of the disk-flowers truncate, penicillate, or with short conical appendages
bearded at the base. Achenia oblong-clavate, somewhat prismatic, many-striate, the apex truncate.
Pappus none,—Low herbs, probably biennial, natives of Northern Mexico and the neighboring parts of
the United States, with alternate entire or pinnatifid leaves, and rather showy pale-yellow long-pedun-
cled solitary heads. Four of the veins in the ray-corollas form three arched areoles, in each of which
there is a free vein. The genus was named in honor of the late Prof. J. W. Battey, whose son, Mr. W.
W. Bailey, was for a time botanist to the Survey of the 40th Parallel.

54
426 BOTANY.

long; calyx 8-4’ long, the teeth 1’ long, unequal, acuminate; base of the
calyx subcapsular, persistent, narrow; capsule nearly glabrous, globose,
spinose, nodding —Dr. Palmer’s specimens occasionally show the folds of
the sinuses also prolonged into short slender teeth. Southern California,
(Xantus,) Northern Mexico, New Mexico, and Southern Utah.

Page 319. SAURURACE.

AneEmopsis? Catirornica, Hook. DC. Prodr. 16.1. 237. Stem sim-
ple, erect, 3-15’ high, puberulent or somewhat pilose, with a single broad
clasping leaf in the middle, and an axillary branchlet reduced to 1 or more
slenderly petioled leaves; radical leaves oblong-oval, cordate at base, 2-6’
long, 1-3’ wide, about equaling or exceeding the petioles, glabrous, sub-
glaucescent beneath, stomatiferous on both sides, the younger ciliolate at
base; petioles sparingly pubescent, dilated at base and sheathing ; involu-
cral leaves 6-15” long, white becoming brown, unequal, oblong; spadix
6-12” long, (sometimes 20” in fruit;) bracts 2-3’ long, white, unguicu-
late with an orbicular lamina; filament equaling the anther—From the
Sacramento to Southern California and Mexico and eastward to the val-
ley of the Rio Grande; near St. George, Utah, in alkaline soil, (Palmer.)

 

1 ANEMOPSIS, Hoox. (Anemia, Nuttall.) Flowers perfect, crowded in a simple conical spadix,
which is surrounded by a 5-8-leaved persistent colored involucre, each flower subtended by a free col-
ored bract. Stamens 6-8, free, epigynous; filaments very short; anthers oval, 2-celled, the cells lateral,
adnate to a thick connective. Ovary solitary, deeply immersed in the rachis and united with it, 1-
celled, with 3-4 parietal placente alternate with the stigmas. Stigmas 3, or sometimes 4, spreading ;
ovules 6-8 on each placenta, horizontal, in 2 rows, orthotropous. Capsule dehiscent by 3-4-valves at the
top, about 6-seeded ; seeds somewhat rounded, punctulate.—A perennial aquatic stoloniferous herb, with
a thick pungently flavored root; leaves mostly radical, subcoriaceous, entire, pellucid-punctulate, pin-
nately nerved, petioled.
 

 

APPENDIX.

SYNOPSES OF GENERA.

 
APPENDIX.
SYNOPSES OF GENERA.

 

STREPTANTHUS.

The synopsis of this genus given by Dr. Gray in Proc. Amer. Acad., Vol. VI., pp. 182-188, (1863,) is
retained, with the necessary changes indicated in the note upon Streptanthus on page 19. A single more
recent species is added.

§ 1. EUSTREPTANTHUS, Endl. Petals with a broad and ample plane lamina; sepals suberect or
erect; flowers rather large, rose-purple; cauline leaves all sessile and cordate-clasping, glabrous
and more or less glaucous.

* Flowers all subtended by persistent bracts.

1. S. BRACTEATUS, Gray. Silique elongated-linear, 6’ long, spreading ; mature seeds not known.—
Texas.

* * Flowers (or all but the lowest) ebracteate.

2. S. PLaTycaRPus, Gray. Siliques oblong-linear, 24-3” wide, very flat, erect; leaves clasping by
rather short and rounded lobes, the lower and radical ones lyrate-pinnatifid.—_S. W. Texas.

3. 8. MACULATUS, Nutt. Siliques narrowly linear, 3-4’ long and 1” wide, erect or ascending; cauline
leaves clasping by long and obtuse lobes, the sinus very deep and nearly closed.— Arkansas and E. Texas

§2. EUCLISIA, Nutt. Petals undulate-crisped, the lamina narrow or attenuated, scarcely if at all
broader than the claw; sepals connivent, mostly colored, often saccate at base; the longer sta-
mens often connate.

* Wholly glabrous and mostly glaucous.
(a.) Cauline leaves clasping by a cordate or sagittate base.

4. 8. CARINATUS, Wright. Flowers purple, }’ long, the urceolate calyx carinately 5-saccate; pedicels
of the flowers and of the broadly linear and flat (half-grown) siliques erect; radical and lower cauline
leaves runcinate-pinnatifid, the upper ones sagittate-clasping, all very glaucous; seeds unknown.—
8. W. Texas.

5: 8. coRDATUS, Nutt. Leaves thick, obtuse, toothed only at the apex. See page 19.

6. 8. TORTUOSUS, Kell. Stem paniculately branched, or simple, 1-2° high; leaves entire or denticu-
late, the cauline suborbicular, cordate-clasping with a closed sinus; flowers purple or yellowish, 6” long,
in a lax raceme, the spreading or ascending pedicels 2-3” long, the lowest often leafy-bracted; buds and
sepals usually long-acuminate; silique narrowly linear, 2-3’ long, 1” wide, faleately recurved-spreading,

short-stipitate; seeds “winged” or wingless.—California.
7. 8. BREWERI, Gray. Annual, 9’-2° high, branched from near the base, glabrous and glaucous ;

cauline leaves, except the lowest, strongly cordate-clasping with a closed sinus, entire or denticulate, the
uppermost sagittate; flowers purple, on very short ascending pedicels, the lowest often leafy-bracted ;
buds 3” long, obtuse or acutish, the sepals with scarious recurved blunt tips, sometimes downy; silique
narrowly linear, 14-24’ long, less than 1” wide, ascending or erect, straight or slightly incurved, com-
pressed but torulose; seeds wholly marginless.—California.

(b.) Cauline leaves not cordate nor auriculate at base, entire or very obscurely toothed; sepals not

dissimilar.

8. S. HYACINTHOIDES, Hook. Leaves linear-lanceolate and oblong-linear; flowers in a virgate ra-
ceme, spreading and soon pendulous, green and violet-purple; calyx cylindraceous; siliques erect-
spreading, 2-4’ long, 1 wide; seed narrowly margined.—E. Texas and 8. W. Arkansas.

(c.) Leaves filiform, entire, some of them sagittate with a subclasping base; two outer sepals

broadly dilated.
430 BOTANY.

9. S. POLYGALOIDES, Gray. Proc. Amer, Acad. 6. 519. Annual ?, paniculately branched; racemes
spikelike; calyx yellow, about equaling the purplish petals, 2-3” long, the outer sepals subcordate-
rounded, the inner oblong-lanceolate, acuminate; siliques very narrowly linear, 1-14' long, 2” wide,
straight or nearly so, reflexed, pointed with the short style; seeds narrowly margined.—California.
“Rather to be distinguished as of a separate section.”

* * More or less bristly or hirsute with simple hairs.

(a.) Cauline leaves or some of them usually auriculate- or sagittate-clasping and laciniate-toothed ;

flowers, at least the calyx, crimson-purple or red.

10. 8. GLANDULOSUS, Hook. Cauline leaves narrowly lanceolate and mostly sagittate-clasping, their
sparse teeth with callous rather than with glandular tips; racemes lax, the pedicels and flowers glab-
rous or nearly so; calyx ovate; siliques narrowly linear, 2-3’ long and less than 1” wide, straight or
curved, ascending; immature seeds slightly margined.—California.

11. 8. nEeTEeRoPHYLLUS, Nutt. Annual or biennial, 3-5° high, branching, glabrous at top; leaves
laciniate-pinnatifid, cauline ones sagittate at the base and clasping; flowers pendulous, purple; sepals
deep-purple, glabrous, long, connivent; petals linear, undulated, purple and whitish; siliques very long
(3-5’) and narrow, pendulous on pedicels 4” long; stigma emarginate; seeds slightly margined.—St.
Diego, California, (Nuttall.) The plants of Coulter and Xantus, referred here, are Caulanthus Coulteri.

12. S. HIsprpUs, Gray. Annual, 2-3’ high, hispid throughout; leaves cuneate or obovate-oblong,
coarsely toothed or incised, the cauline sessile, hardly at all clasping; raceme short, loosely flowered ;
pedicels spreading or at length recurved; siliques linear, 14’ long, 1” wide, compressed, erect; stigma
emarginate, nearly sessile; seeds winged.—California.

(b.) Cauline leaves not clasping nor auriculate at base, entire, the lower sinuate-pinnatifid with

glandular teeth and contracted into a margined petiole; flowers yellow.

13, S. FLAVESCENS, Hook. Pilose; leaves linear-oblong ; flowers erect; petals linear, acute; sepals
ovate, obtuse, the petals nearly twice longer; anthers purplish, linear-oblong, filaments free; stigma
capitate; siliques erect, hirsute, pointed with the short style. About 1° high, simple, erect; radical
leaves nearly 2’ long, the cauline scarcely 1’ in length.—California. Prof. Brewer’s plant, referred to this
species, is Caulanthus procerus.

Doubtful species.

14. §. REPANDUS, Nutt. “Hirsute, particularly the lower part; leaves oblong-lanceolate, elongated,
clasping, angularly toothed or repand above ; flowers white; petals about as long as the calyx. Stem
simple, about 2° high; pedicels shorter than the calyx; sepals and petals linear.”—St. Barbara, Califor-
nia, (Nuttall.) Only known from Nuttall’s description.

SILENEZ.

In the distribution of the plants in the collection belonging to this tribe of the Caryophyllacew, the
usual arrangement of the genera has been observed, as retained by Bentham & Hooker and as on the
whole probably the most satisfactory. Dr. PauL Ronmrpack in his Monograph of the Genus Silene, (“ Mo-
nographie der Gattung Silene ;” Leipzig, 1868,) and in his Synopsis of the Lychnidew, (Linnea, 36, pp. 170-
270, 1869,) discusses at some length the relations and characters of the vexed genera of this subtribe.
In his distribution, all of our native North American species fall into his genera Melandryum, Silene and
Viscaria, which are distinguished chiefly by the capsule being in the first wholly 1-celled, in the second
more or less 3-5-celled at base, (both having 3-5 pistils and the capsule dehiscent by twice as many
teeth,) while Viscaria differs from Silene (as Lychnis from Melandryum) in having the number of teeth
equal to that of the pistils. In his Synopsis, (page 203,) however, he confesses his dissatisfaction with
the genus Melandryum as thus defined, admitting that the presence or absence of septa in the capsule is
of little value in comparison with other characters, and that possibly it may not be constant even in the
same species, and proposes a division, as perhaps the most natural, in which more weight is given to the
number of pistils. Under such an arrangement he would limit Lychnis and Viscaria as before, referring
to Lychnis and Melandrywm only those 5-pistillate species in which the capsule dehisces at first septicidally,
(which excludes all of our species,) making of the section Gastrolychnis a distinct genus of the same
name, and transferring the section Elisanthe back to Silene.

His present synopsis, as including all our known species but the single new one of this collection
(Lychnis nuda, p. 37,) is here appended, though the arrangement will hardly be generally accepted.
APPENDIX. 431

MELANDRYUM.

§ GasTROLYCHNIs. Styles 5.
* Seeds with an inflated membranous margin.

. INVOLUCRATUM, Ch. & Sch., Var. arrive, Vahl. Greenland; Labrador.
. APETALUM, Fenzl. (Lychnis, L.) See page 36.

* * Seeds not margined.
. TRIFLORUM, Liebm, (Lychnis, R. Br.) Greenland.
. AJANENSE, Rohr. (Lychnis, Regel.) See page 37.
§ Exisantur. Styles 3.
* Fruiting calyx contracted at the apex.

5. M, ILLINOENSE, Rohr. (Silene regia, Sims.) Ohio to Illinois and southward to Alabama and Mis-
sissippi.

wR
BS

Be
5S

* * Fruiting calyx open at the top.
(a.) Flowers in panicled cymes, the central ones reflexed in fruit.

6..M. Vireinicum, A. Braun. (Silene, L.) From W. New York and Canada to Illinois and south-
ward to Georgia and Alabama.

7. M. PENNSYLVANICUM, Rohr. (Silene, Mx.) From New England to Pennsylvania and Kentucky
and southward to Georgia and Alabama.

8. M. Catirornicum, Robr. (Silene, Dur. S. laciniata, Var., Gray.) Calyx-teeth ovate-oblong, ob-
tuse; petals purple, many-cleft, the claws ciliolate; capsule ovate, 4-5-times longer than its stipe.—Cali-
fornia.

(b.) Flowers all erect in fruit; calyx-teeth much shorter than the tube, and the capsule 3 or more
times longer than its stipe, (except in M. Wrightii.)

9. M. Wricutu, Rohr. (Silene, Gray.) Calyx-teeth subulate, half as long as the tube; capsule ob-
long, about equaling its stipe; petals white, 4-cleft, the middle lobes 2-3-lobed or entire.—New Mexico;
only collected by Wright.

10. M. BoLANDERI, Rohr. (Silene, Gray.) Stems dwarf, erect, 1-5-flowered; calyx-teeth acute; petals
pink, 4-6-parted, the broad claws villous-ciliate, long-exserted ; capsule very shortly stipitate.—Califor-
nia; only collected by Bolander.

11. M. Hookert, Rohr. (Silene, Nutt.) Stem low, subdecumbent, 3-7-flowered; calyx-teeth acute;
petals white, divaricately 4-parted, the claws villous-ciliate (?), long-exserted.—Oregon ; a single speci-
men, collected by Gardiner, (Gairdner ?)

12. M. BALDwinul, Rohr. (Silene, Nutt.) Stems low, suberect from a creeping base; calyx-teeth
acute; petals white or pinkish, ovate-cuneate, fimbriately many-cleft, claws villous-ciliate.—Georgia;
Florida.

13. M. LACINIATUM, Rohr. (Silene, Cav.) Roughish-pubescent; leaves lanceolate to linear; calyx-
teeth lanceolate, acute, the strie anastomosing above; petals scarlet, 4-6-cleft, claws glabrous and a
little exserted ; capsule oblong, 3 times longer than its stipe.—Northern Mexico and Southern California.

14. M. Greacu, Rohr. (Silene, Gray.) Leaves obovate or ovate-lanceolate, roughish-pubescent ;
branches and calyx densely viscid-pubescent; calyx-teeth oblong, white-margined, densely ciliate, the
strie above only uniting ; petals scarlet, 4-parted, the claws glabrous, a little exserted._New Mexico.

15. M. ROTUNDIFOLIUM, Rohr. (Silene, Nutt.) Calyx pubescent with long hairs, the strie anastomos-
ing above, teeth oblong, obtuse.—Kentucky ; Tennessee.

SILENE.

Subgen. BEHEN: Corolla imbricate in wstivation; calyx almost always inflated, 10-20-nerved ; the
nerves reticulately veined or rarely only bifurcately united toward the top; perennial.

* Calyx 10-nerved, somewhat reticulate-veined above; petals 2-cleft, the claws naked.
1. 8. DovaLasu, Hook. See page 36.
2. S. Nivea, DC. Pennsylvania to Illinois.
Subgen. SILENE. Zstivation of the petals alternately contorted; calyx 10-nerved and veinless or
the nerves anastomosing, or 20-30-60-nerved and the nerves not anastomosing, rarely inflated in flower,
sometimes so in fruit.
439 BOTANY.

§ EUSILENE. Calyx 10-nerved, veinless or the nerves anastomosing.

* Inflorescence more or less compoundly divaricate, the branches equal or slightly unequal, (in a few
foreign species one of the pair reduced to a simple pedicel,) or in some perennial species the stem
1-2-flowered. (Dichasiosilene.)

(a.) Perennial, dwarf, 1-flowered ; calyx campanulate. (Nanosilene.)

3. S. acauzis, L. See page 36.

(b.) Perennial; inflorescence very compound; calyx obconic. (Brachyanthe.)

4, S. Menzresu, Hook. See page 36.

(c.) Annual; opposite branches equal or nearly so; calyx glabrous or rarely glandular-pubescent, in
fruit contracted at top. (Leiocalycine.)

5. S. ANTIRRHINA, L. See page 36.

* * Perennial ; inflorescence a simple or compound raceme, the branches short and few-flowered, or
elongated and again racemose or cymose or verticillastrous. (Botryosilene.)

(a.) Flowers in simple racemes, the branches short, 1-flowered or the lower 3-7-flowered; pedicels
bibracteolate at base; petals emarginate. (Chloranthe.)

6. §. DRumMonp1, Hook. See page 37, under Lychnis. As there stated no specimens are found in
our herbariums other than with 4-5 pistils and 4-5 teeth to the capsule. Bourgeau’s specimens from the
Saskatchewan are similar. This species, under Dr. Robrback’s limitations, is strictly a Viscaria.

(b.) Flowers in simple or compound verticillastrous racemes; pedicels bibracteolate at base.

( Otitee.)

7. 8. Bripcesi, Rohr. Roughish-pubescent, subviscid-glandular above; stem simple, erect; leaves
long-lanceolate, acute; bracts and bractlets ovate, acute, densely ciliate ; flowers in a simple verticillas-
trous raceme, the pedicels equaling the oblong dilating calyx; calyx-teeth long, obtuse, ciliate; petals
white, long-linear, bifid with very narrow lobes, the claws ciliolate at base and with the filaments much
exserted; capsule ovate-globose, 3-4 times exceeding the stipe; seed large, channeled on the back.—Cali-
fornia.

(c.) Flowers in a subcompound raceme; claws and filaments woolly-ciliate. (Lasiostemones.)

8. S. iIncompTa, Gray. (S. Engelmanni, Rohr.) Densely roughish-pubescent, glandular above ; stems
spreading, leafy; leaves oval-lanceolate or oblong, acute; pedicels shorter than the subnodding flower;
calyx-teeth lanceolate, acute, ciliate, the tube cylindric, becoming ovoid; petals whitish, the limb small,
linear-oblong, scarcely broader than the obtusely auricled claw, bifid, the segments emarginate or 2-lobed,
the appendages subulate; capsule ovate, very short-stipitate—California. Dr. Gray’s name seems to be
the older.

9. S. ScouLERI, Hook. Stem erect; leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acute ; racemes narrow,
few-flowered; flowers erect or nodding, longer or shorter than the pedicels; calyx oblong-clavate, some-
what dilating, the teeth broad-lanceolate, acutish, slightly ciliate; petals white or pinkish, bifid, the
lobes oblong, emarginate, the appendages obtuse ; auricles of the claw acute; capsule ovate-oblong, 3-4
times longer than the stipe.—Rocky Mts., from British America to New Mexico; Washington Territory.

(d.) Flowers in a loose compound raceme; claws and filaments glabrous. (Nutantes and Italice.)

10. S. sretiata, Ait. From Canada to Georgia and west to Mlinois and the Indian Territory.

11. 8. ovata, Pursh. Stout, 2-4° high; leaves in pairs, large; calyx tubular; petals gash-fimbri-
ate.—Georgia and Carolina.

HOSACKIA.

Following Dr. Gray’s Synopsis, Proc. Acad. Phil., Dec. 1863, pp. 346-352.

§ 1. SYRMATIUM, Vogel. Legume small, 1-4-seeded, subulate or attenuate, often torose, incurved.
Keel not attenuate upward, mostly obtuse; claws slightly exserted or included, that of the
vexillum somewhat apart. Perennial herbs or somewhat shrubby, (H. micrantha annual,) with
very short 3-7-foliolate leaves and black glandular stipules; flowers in sessile or short-peduncled.
umbels, small, yellow or whitish, often turning reddish.

* Mostly shrubby, with rigid slender branches, glabrous or silky puberulent becoming glabrate;
leaflets 3, sometimes 5, small, thick, somewhat evergreen. Californian.
APPENDIX. 433

1. H. guncra, Benth. Erect, broom-like ; leaflets obovate, oval or oblong; umbels short-peduncled,
few-flowered; calyx-teeth very short obtuse.

2. H. scoparia, Nutt. Nearly glabrous, erect and 2-8° high, or sometimes decumbent, broom-like ;
leaflets linear-oblong or oblong; umbels sessile, usually crowded on the branchlets; calyx-teeth subu-
late, acute, the narrow tube 2-4 times longer.

3. H. cyTisompEs, Benth. Subshrubby, decumbent or sarmentose, silky-puberulent or glabrate;
leaflets obovate, oblong or linear-oblong, obtuse; umbels many-flowered, peduncled; calyx-teeth subu-
late-awned, recurved, about half as long as the tube.

* * More or less woody at base, diffusely decumbent, branches somewhat virgate, white with a

silvery appressed silky pubescence.

4, H. seRIcEA, Benth. Silky-canescent, much branched, ascending; leaves subsessile; leaflets
mostly 3, oblong-linear or spatulate-oblong ; calyx-teeth short or minute; flowers 3” long, yellow, the
ineurved keel subacute. California.

5. H. ARGOPHYLLA, Gray. Densely tomentose; branches long, subsimple, decumbent; leaflets 3-5,
obovate, 3-6’ long; umbels 8-12-flowered, capitate, short-peduncled, with a simple bract; calyx-teeth
slender, the cylindrical tube about twice longer; flowers 4-5” long, yellow; keel obtuse. See page 62.

* * * Herbaceous or nearly so, diffusely procumbent or prostrate, pubescent, tomentose, or glabrate ;

leaflets 3-5, sometimes 6 or 7, not thick nor silvery white, the petiole or rachis not abbreviated.

(a.) Calyx villous, teeth slender ; silky or tomentose-pubescent; legume canescent, the fruiting part

little exceeding the calyx.

6. H. tomentosa, H. & A. Tomentose-villous with whitish or fulvous spreading hairs; leaflets
obovate, 4-7’ long; umbels 6-12-flowered, capitate, short-peduncled, bract simple; calyx-teeth setaceous-
subulate, as long as the turbinate-campanulate tube; flowers 3-4” long; the keel very obtuse.—Cali-
fornia.

7. H. DECUMBENS, Benth. Decumbent from a woody caudex ; silky pubescence appressed ; leaflets
4-5’ long, cuneate-obovate, rhombic-ovate or obovate-oblong, cinereous; umbels many-flowered, capi-
tate, short-peduncled, bract 1-3-foliolate ; calyx silky-downy, teeth subequaling the campanulate tube ;
flowers 5” long, yellow, keel acutish.—Oregon and Washington Territory.

8. H. Heermannti, Dur. & Hilg. Villous-pubescent, much-branched, very leafy; leaflets 2-5’ long,
obovate, roundish or oval-oblong; umbels 4-9-flowered, bract simple, peduncle often equaling the leaf ;
calyx loosely villous, teeth shorter than the campanulate tube; flowers 2” long, keel very obtuse. See
page 63.

(b.) Minutely pubescent, glabrate, diffusely procumbent; calyx-teeth short; seeded portions of the

legume exserted beyond the calyx. California.

9. H. micrantua, Nutt. Annual (?), slender, minutely villous; leaflets 5-6, obovate-oblong, 14-3"
long ; umbels 3-5-flowered, bractless, short-peduncled ; flowers 14’ long, keel obtusish.

10. H. prosrrata, Nutt. Silky-puberulent and glabrate, slender; leaflets 5-7, oblong-obovate,
obtuse, 3 long; umbels lax, 5-10-flowered, on slender peduncles, bract simple; calyx campanulate,
teeth very short ; flowers 3” long.

§ 2, EUHOSACKIA, Benth. Legume linear, straight or nearly so, not rostrately attenuate ; keel not

falcately-attenuate, mostly very obtuse.

* Leaflets 3-6, crowded-pinnate or quasi-palmate; stipules glandular; peduncles 1-2-(rarely 3-4-)
flowered ; bract simple, rarely 3-foliolate ; flowers yellow, claws not exserted, the vexillum hardly
unguiculate, not apart, keel very short, rather straight and narrow. Perennial; stems branch-
ing, rigid.

(a.) Peduncles all exceeding the leaves.

1. H. rica, Benth. Silky or hoary-pubescent, 8-12" high ; leaflets 3-5, crowded, cuneate-oblong
or obovate ; calyx-teeth shorter than the tube.—Southern California to New Mexico.

12. H. puseruta, Benth. Appressed-puberulent; leaflets 3-6, less crowded, linear, lanceolate, or
the lowest oblong; calyx-teeth attenuate, equaling the tube. See page 419.

(.) Peduncles short, rarely equaling the leaf, sometimes wanting.

13. H. Wricutu, Gray. Asby-puberulent, bushy-branched, very leafy; leaflets 3-5, apparently
palmate and sessile, the lowest oblong, the rest filiform-linear; calyx-teeth setaceous-subulate, about
equaling the tube; flowers rather large—New Mexico. Running into the last.

* * Leaves pinnate, leaflets 5-21; umbels few- many-flowered, peduncled, bracts 1-5-foliolate or

wanting; vexillum with a slender claw, more or less apart. Root perennial, except in H. maritima.

55
434 BOTANY.

(a.) Peduncles 1-4-flowered, elongated ; pedicels very short; stipules scarious, small ; flowers yellow,

claws a little exserted, keel broad and very obtuse.

14. H. tarayrorpEs, Dur. & Hilg. Low, ashy-puberulent; leaflets 5-7, not crowded, linear-lanceo-
late, acute at both ends; bract simple or wanting; calyx-teeth broad-subulate, shorter than the tube.—
California.

15. H. anGustiroLia, G. Don. Slender; leaflets 5-9, obovate or linear, short, often canescent
beneath; peduncle 1-2-flowered, bract 3-foliolate ; calyx-teeth slender, nearly equaling the tube—Mexico.

(b.) Peduncles umbellately many-flowered, mostly shorter than the leaf, bracteate only below the
apex; stipules scarious or foliaceous; flowers rather small, greenish-white or yellowish, keel
slightly curved, very obtuse, w little shorter than the wings; calyx-teeth not half as long as the
tube; leaflets 9-21, oval or oblong.

16. H. wvcana, Torr. Low, very hoary-villous; bract mostly 5-foliolate, near the umbel.—California.

17. H. strputaris, Benth. Rather tall and stout, villous above, leaflets glabrate ; stipules foliaceous,
the upper sometimes nearly scarious ; bracteal-leaf much below the umbel, 3-9-foliolate.—California.

18. H. crsssiFoit1, Benth. . Tall and stout, stems nearly glabrous; leaflets 9-15, thickish, puberulent
or glabrate; bract mostly 3-foliolate and above the middle of the peduncle; calyx-teeth very short.—
Oregon and California.

(¢.) Umbels 4-12- (or the lowest 1-3-) flowered, on peduncles usually equaling or exceeding the
leaves; bract at the top or none; stipules scarious; flowers 4 long or more, yellow with white or
purple, the keel abruptly incurved, acutish, nearly equaling the wings; calyx-teeth at least nearly
half as long as the tube; leaflets 5-11.

19. H. oBLONGIFOLIA, Benth. Appressed-pubescent ; leaflets 9-11, narrowly oblong; bract simple;

calyx-teeth a little shorter than the tube; otherwise like the next.—California.

20. H. Bicotor, Dougl. Glabrous, rather tall; leaflets 5-9, obovate or oblong, bract none or rarely
small, simple; calyx-teeth about half as long as the tube ; keel often white-—Oregon and California.

21. H. GRAcILis, Benth. Glabrous, more slender, 8-12/ high, weak and spreading; stipules large;
leaflets 5-7, often 3 below, obovate-cuneate ; bract 3-foliolate, petioled ; calyx-teeth nearly equaling the
tube; keel and wings purplish.—California.

(d.) Peduncles several- (or the lowest 1-3-) flowered; bract at the apex, 1-3-foliolate, or none;
stipules glandular, often deciduous; claws slightly, if at all, exserted; keel straightish, dilated
above; legumes glabrous; leaflets 5-7.—California.

22. H. GRANDIFLORA, Benth. Usually tall, 1-5° high, more or less soft-pubescent ; leaflets oval or
oblong ; peduncles elongated ; flowers 7-11” long, yellowish or greenish-white and purplish; calyx-teeth
subulate, about equaling the tube or shorter ; keel very much shorter than the ample wings.

23, H. MaRitIMA, Nutt. Annual, diffusely spreading, strigose-puberulent or nearly glabrous; stems
8-12! long ; leaflets mostly 5, on a somewhat dilated rachis, succulent, oval or obovate, 4-6” long ; pedun-
cles about equaling the leaves, 3-5-flowered ; calyx-teeth linear-subulate, rather exceeding the tube;
flowers 4-5” long, bright-yellow, keel broad, about equaling the wings.

* * * Leaves pinnate, rachis more or less dilated; stipules glandular; peduncles 1- (rarely 2-)
flowered; claws not exserted, that of the vexillum short, approximate to the others. Small
diffuse annuals ; flowers small, yellow.

24. H. stRIGOSA, Nutt. Strigosely pubescent, diffusely spreading or ascending; leaflets 4-9, linear-
oblong or obovate, 1-5” long; peduncles equaling or exceeding the leaves, the bract at the apex 1-5-foli-
olate or wanting; flowers 2-5’ long, keel broad, nearly straight, very obtuse, much shorter than the
wings, vexillum tapering into a short claw.—California. :

25. H. PARVIFLORA, Benth. Glabrous, pale; leaflets 3-6; peduncles 2-8” long; bracts 1-3-foliolate ;
flowers barely 2 long, keel narrow and inflexed above, acutish, nearly equaling the wings; vexillum
subcordate.—Oregon, California.

§ 3. MICROLOTUS, Benth. Legume as in § 2, sometimes barely oblong; keel attenuated upward,
falcate, mostly acute, equaling or exceeding the wings; claws not exserted, that of the vexillum
short, not apart. Annual; leaflets 1-5, the lower scattered, rachis more or less dilated; stipules
glandular ; flowers small, yellow, not umbellate.

(a.) Peduncles exceeding the leaves, 1-flowered, with a simple bract; leaves subsessile, pinnately

3-foliolate or sometimes simple above ; calyx-toeth much exceeding the tube, nearly equaling the
corolla.

26. H. PursHIANA, Benth. Variable. See page 63.
(b.) Flowers subsessile and mostly solitary in the axils, bractless ; corolla exceeding the calyx ; leaf-
APPENDIX. 435

lets 3-5, obovate or oblong, scattered on the winged rachis, Small procumbent or depressed
annuals.
27. H. suBPINNATA, T. & G. Villous-hirsute or glabrate. See page 62.
28. H. BRACHYCARPA, Benth. Softly long-villous, much branched from the base; flowers larger ;
calyx-teeth very much exceeding the tube and equaling or half as long as the oblong or linear-oblong
very obtuse villous 2-4-seeded legume.—California.

ASTRAGALUS.

With the following very closely allied genus Oxytropis, mainly as revised by Dr. Gray, Proc. Amer.
Acad., Vol. VI, pp. 188-234, (1863,) with the addition of the newer species. The grouping is retained as
far as possible, though not always very satisfactory. The order is from the perfectly 2-celled species,
through the imperfectly 2-celled, to those with strictly 1-celled legumes.

Series I. ASTRAGALUS, L. Pod completely or imperfectly 2-celled by the intrusion of the dorsal
suture, the ventral suture being not at all or less deeply inflexed. §§ 1-16.

§ 1. SARCOCARPI. Pod plum-shaped, succulent, becoming thick and fleshy, indehiscent, not stipi-
tate, septum complete. Perennials, with low leafy stems; stipules distinct, nearly free; racemes
short, spike-like.

* Ovary and pod glabrous.

1. A. cARYocARPUS, Ker. Grayish with an appressed pubescence; flowers violet; pod globose or
ovate, usually pointed.—Saskatchewan to Texas.

2. A. Mexicanus, A. DC. Taller, greener, less pubescent ; flowers lighter colored or white; calyx
softly white-villous or tomentose; pod ovate-globose, scarcely pointed.—Missouri to 8. Texas and the
pase of the Rocky Mts.

** Ovary hoary-hirsute ; pod sometimes becoming glabrate.

3. A. Puarrensis, Nutt. Loosely villous; stipules rather large; flowers ochroleucous or purplish
above; pod ovate, acuminate, or oblong and somewhat curved.—Lllinois to N. Alabama and west to
Nebraska and Texas.

§ 2. DIPHYSI. Pod ovate or globose, membranous, inflated, nearly glabrous, sessile, completely
2-celled and more or less didymous by the intrusion of both sutures, many-seeded. Perennial,
many-stemmed; pubescence short or wanting ; stipules distinct, subadnate ; flowers rather small,
white to purple or yellowish, spicate or subcapitate.

4, A, pipitysus, Gray. Nearly glabrous throughout. See page 65.

5. A. LENTIGINOSUS, Dougl. More or less cinereous-pubescent. See page 65.

6. A. PLATYTROPIS, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad. 6.526. Dwarf and alpine ; silvery-silky. See page 66.

7, A. COULTERI, Benth., (Arthu-Schottii, Gray,) may belong here, but annual; pubescence appressed-
silky ; pod canescent or “ silky-villous,” 7-8’ long; chartaceous. Placed in § 16 by Dr. Gray.

§3. CHATODONTES. Pod ovate, small, sessile, coriaceous, turgid or at times subcompressed,
more or less sulcate on the back, septum perfect, cells 3-4-ovuled. Perennial, many-stemmed,
leafy, white silky-villous; flowers rather small, yellowish, spicate, spreading ; calyx-tube short.

* Leaflets 10-12 pairs, narrow, usually acute; stipules free, subulate ; calyx-teeth setaceous, little
shorter than the corolla.—Washington Territory.

8. A. Spatprine, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad. 6.524. (d. cheetodon, Torr.) Villous-pubescent, 1° high;
leaflets 3-6” long, lanceolate or oblong-linear; peduncles exceeding the leaves; spike oblong, dense or
rather loose at base; flowers nearly 5 long; bracts setaceous; calyx very villous; pod 24-3” long,
villous, scarcely sulcate, 2-4-seeded.

9. A. Lyanui, Gray. White-silky; spike long, loose; peduncles shorter ; flowers 3” long; calyx
villous, the tube equaling the teeth ; pod hoary, more deeply sulcate ; otherwise like the last.

* * Leaflets 1-5 pairs, oblong or ovate; stipules adnate, short ; calyx-teeth subulate, shorter than

the tube ; pod compressed.

10. A. catycosus, Torr. Dwarf, white-silky ; spike 2-6-flowered. See page 66, and Plate XIII.

§ 4. MOLLISSIMI. Pod cartilaginous or coriaceous, sessile, oblong, turgid, terete, sulcate at both
sutures, at length incurved, septum perfect. Perennial, subacaulescent, shining with a soft silky-
436 BOTANY.

villous often yellow pubescence; peduncles long, scape-like ; spikes dense; flowers rather large,
violet; calyx tubular.

11. A. mMotiissimus, Torr. Pod narrow-oblong, 5-9" long, glabrous, subdidymous; ovary also

glabrous.—Nebraska to W. Texas.

12. A. Biaexovu, Gray. Pod oval-oblong, 6” long, coriaceous, densely woolly, but slightly sulcate.—

W. Texas; New Mexico; Chihuahua.

§5. ULIGINOSI. Pod coriaceous, turgid, oblong, terete, scarcely suleate and only on the back,
nearly straight, sessile, septum perfect. Perennial, tall, with appressed gray pubescence or glab-
rate; spikes dense; flowers whitish, ochroleucous or purplish, spreading or deflexed ; pods erect,
crowded, 6” long; stipules distinct or united, free,

13. A. CANADENSIS, L. See pages 67, 68.

§ 6. ONOBRYCHIDES. Pod coriaceous, oblong or ovate, straight, usually more or less compressed-
or obcompressed-triangular, dorsally sulcate, (cross-section obcordate,) 2-celled, pubescent, many-
ovuled. Perennial, caulescent, grayish short-pubescent or glabrate, ascending or decumbent;
stipules more or less sheathing ; flowers in dense spikes or small heads, middle-sized, violet or pur-
ple, ascending ; pods ascending.

14. A. ADSURGENS, Pall. Rather stout; spike oblong; pod sessile. See page 68.

15. A. HYPOGLOTTIS, L. Slender; flowers capitate; pod short-stipitate. See page 68.

§7. REFLEXI. Podthick-coriaceous, sessile, deflexed, ovate-triangular, very deeply sulcate dorsally,
(section obcordately 2-lobed,) 2-celled, cells 3-4-ovuled; keel falcate, attenuate upward, equal-
ing the narrow banner, exceeding the wings. Annual, slender, pilose-pubescent ; leaflets emar-
ginate ; flowers nearly sessile, rather few, subcapitate, bluish-white, spreading.

16. A. REFLEXUS, T. & G. Flowers scarcely 3” long; pod 4” long, glabrous.—Texas, (Drummond.)

§ 8 DIDYMOCARPI. Pod thin-coriaceous, obcompressed-didymous with a narrow perfect septum,
transversely ridged or reticulated, at length separating into two 1-2-seeded divisions, mostly de-
flexed; ovary short-stipitate. Annual, caulescent, rather small, sparingly pubescent; stipules
distinct, nearly free; leaflets emarginate; spikes short, dense; flowers small, violet or whitish,
keel strongly inflexed.

17. A. DIDyMocARPUS, H. & A. Flowers sessile; pod small, strongly rugose, hirsutish, scabrous or

glabrate ; cells 1-ovuled, nearly filled by the seed ; stipe very short.—California.

18. A. Brazornsis, Buck. Flowers rather loose, pedicels very short; pod strongly obcompressed and
nearly disk-like, 3’ broad, incurved, glabrous, transversely nerved ; cells 2-ovuled, mostly 1-seeded ;
stipe equaling the calyx.—W. Texas.

§ 9. MICRANTHI. Pod coriaceous, oblong, lanceolate, or linear, straight or curved, sessile, dor-
sally sulcate, ventral suture rather prominent, 2-celled, many-ovuled. Low or slender, mostly
annual, caulescent ; stipules distinct, nearly free; flowers small or approaching middle-size, violet
or whitish, keel incurved above or very obtuse; calyx-tube short.—Species dissimilar.

* Flowers and pods deflexed, numerous, densely spiked; peduncles elongated; 1° high or more,
strigose-puberulent.

19. A. vaccaRrum, Gray. Perennial, cinereous-puberulent; calyx-teeth equaling the tube; corolla
incurved, white or purplish ; pod lance-oblong, arcuate, hirsutish, section broad-obcordate.—Arizona.

20. A. Hartweei, Benth. Greener; calyx-teeth shorter than the tube; corolla nearly straight.—
Arizona; Mexico. Pod unknown.

* * Flowers rather fow in a loose raceme, and pods pendent ; low, glabrous.

21. A, CoBRENSIS, Gray. Diffuse ; leaflets retuse ; pedicels nearly equaling the calyx-tube ; corolla

purplish ; ovary short-stipitate ; pod obcompressed, oblong, straight, broadly concave on the back, ses-
sile-—New Mexico.

* * * The few capitate flowers and oblong pods erect; calyx-teeth subulate-linear, much exceeding
the tube, equaling the corolla. Annual, low, villous-hirsute.

22. A. WricHTH, Gray. Pod straight, subcompressed, bicarinate, acute, half-longer than the calyx ;
style very short.—Texas.
“* * * Flowers few, subcapitate or subsolitary, rather small, apex of the keel slightly produced,

inflexed, banner much longer ; pod linear, subcompressed, bicarinate. Annual, low, diffuse; leaf-
lets mostly retuse.

23. A. NUTTALLIANUS, DC, Pods curved. See page 68.
APPENDIX. 437

24. A. LEPTOCARPUS, T. & G. Subglabrous; pods 1’ long, thin, straight, spreading, less reticulated,
glabrous; corolla 4-5” long, curved apex of the keel narrower.—Arkansas; Texas.

» * * * * Flowers larger, many, loosely spiked, apex of the keel produced, inflexed, obtuse; pod
(immature) oblong-linear, sub-obcompressed. Perennial, procumbent; leaflets linear, acute.

25. A. ARIZONICUS, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad. 7. 398. Woody at base, hoary with a strigulose pubes-
cence ; leaflets 5-7 pairs; peduncles exceeding the leaves; calyx-teeth subulate, equaling the campanu-
late-tube; corolla 6” long, white, purplish above.—Arizona.

§ 9°. Anomalous species. Pod chartaceous, sessile, 9-12’ long, linear- or lance-oblong, arcuately
ineurved, subcompressed, somewhat sulcate dorsally, ventral suture acute, 2-celled, many-seeded,
deflexed. Perennial, caulescent, pubescent or villous; stipules adnate to the petiole, distinct;
spikes many-flowered ; flowers 6-9" long ; peduncles exceeding the leaves.

26. A. ANDERSONI, Gray. Pubescence soft ; spikes short. See page 67.

27. A. MALACUS, Gray. More rigidly villous; spike elongating. See page 67.

§ 9, Anomalous and rather diverse species, near § Oroboidei, but with the pods completely 2-celled or
very nearly so, and more symmetrical and terete; caulescent, perennial, (except A. tener.)

* Pod curved.

28. A. BoLANDERI, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad. 7. 337. Cinereous-puberulent, about 1° high ; stipules
short, scarious, sheathing ; leaflets 6-9 pairs, sublinear and oblong; peduncles shorter than the leaf,
capitately many-flowered ; pedicels very short, reflexed in fruit; calyx-teeth subsetaceous, little shorter
than the cylindrical tube; pod coriaceous, ovate, 8-9’ long, 3-4” broad, obcompressed, turgid, hamately
incurved, acute, stipitate, glabrous, many-seeded, septum perfect; stipe 4’’ long.—Yosemite Valley,
(Bolander.)

* * Pod straight.

29, A. ARRECTUS, Gray. Pod oblong, stipitate, erect upon a spreading pedicel. See page 69.

30. A. aTRATUS, S. Watson. Pod linear, short-stipitate, pendent. See page 69, and Plate XIV.

31. A. opscuRuS, 8S. Watson. Pod linear, sessile, erect. See page 69.

32. A. TENER, Gray. Annual, a span high, erect, strigulose with very short black and whitish hairs ;
stipules small, ovate, scarious ; leaflets 5-7 pairs, iimear-cuneate or nearly linear, broadly emarginate or
obtuse; flowers few, capitate, violet, the wings and especially the banner much exceeding the keel;
immature legume more or less deflexed, 6” long, lance-linear, silky-puberulent, short-stipitate, 10-12-
ovuled, 2-celled, the cross-section obcordate.—California.

§ 10. SuccumBENTES. Pod chartaceous-coriaceous, sessile, long-linear, strongly compressed, falcate
upward, bicarinate and deeply sulcate on the back, the ventral suture prominent and acute,
2-celled, cross-section Y-shaped. Low, diffuse, flexuous; peduncles short; stipules free, distinct;
flowers 3’ long, rather loosely capitate, purplish ; calyx cylindric.

33. A. SUCCUMBENS, Dougl. Cinereous-hirsute ; leaflets obovate; pods erect on spreading pedicels,

shining, reticulated.—Oregon.

§ 11. Gatecirormes. Pod exsert-stipitate, pendent, coriaceous- or cartilaginous-chartaceous, very
glabrous, straight, narrow, more or less triangular, very deeply sulcate dorsally, the suture in-
truded to the middle or beyond. Perennial; stems erect, stout, sulcate, very leafy; stipules dis-
tinct, free; flowers in long crowded racemes, rather large, white.

34. A. DRumMonpm, Dougl. Softly villous; calyx scarcely gibbous at base, black-hairy, the subulate
teeth shorter than the tube; pod long-linear, terete with a very deep narrow sulcus, completely or incom-
pletely 2-celled, cross-section obcordately 2-lobed; stipe exceeding the calyx-teeth.—Saskatchewan to
Nebraska and the Rocky Mts.

36. A. RAcEMoSUS, Pursh. Appressed-pubescent, glabrate; calyx strongly gibbous at base, whitish-
puberulent, the setaceous teeth slightly shorter than the tube, equaling the stipe; pod lance-oblong,
triangular, not 2-celled, cross-section somewhat equally triradiate.—Nebraska to Idaho.

§ 12. OCREATI. Pod sessile, coriaceous, obcompressed or obcompressed-triangular, with the im-
pressed dorsal suture more or less approaching the ventral, but not 2-celled. Low or prostrate per-
ennials, caulescent with appressed hairs or strigose; stipules free from the petiole, united ; flowers
spicate, scarcely middle-sized; calyx-tube usually campanulate.

36. A. FLAVUS, Nutt. Diffuse, with a fine hoary pubescence; stipules sheathing the stem and base
of the petiole, oblique; leaflets linear, subacute; flowers deep-yellow; pod 4” long, half-included, hoary,
ovate, straight, both sutures impressed and approximate.—Rocky Mts., lat. 41°, (Nuttall.)

37, A. HUMISTRATUS, Gray. Strigose-hairy, subglabrate; stems long, procumbent ; stipules scarcely
sheathing ; leaflets lanceolate or linear-oblong, acute; flowers purple, spreading ; calyx-teeth exceeding
438 BOTANY.

the tube; banner whitish, veined; keel inflexed, with a narrow produced apex; pod oblong-linear
curved, pubescent, obcompressed-triangular, dorsal suture intruded, the ventral prominent and cari-
nate.—New Mexico and Arizona.

38. A. OREGANUS, Nutt. Dwarf, hirsutish-canescent; stipules scarcely sheathing ; leaflets obovate,
emarginate; flowers ochroleucous (?), spicate-capitate upon a short peduncle, rather large ; calyx-tube
cylindric, twice longer than the teeth; ovary septate nearly to the middle; pod not known.—Rocky
Mts., (Nuttall.)

§ 13. MICROLOBI. Pod 2-3” long, sessile, coriaceous or cartilaginous, 6~-7-ovuled, elliptic-ovate,
either nearly terete and scarcely flattened on the back or broadly concave, always wholly 1-celled,
the ventral suture thick and prominent. Perennial, subcinereous; stems erect or ascending,
slender, rather rigid, 1° high or more ; leaflets 5-8 pairs, linear; lower stipules somewhat united,
the rest distinct; racemes spikelike, many-flowered, virgate; flowers small, purple, recurved-
spreading ; calyx and teeth short.—Missouri and Nebraska to the Rocky Mts.

39. A. GRacriis, Nutt. Stems virgate; leaflets nearly filiform, 7-10” long, obtuse or retuse ; racemes
dense, elongated, long-peduncled; flowers 3” long, pale-purple or whitish; pods spreading, coriaceous,
strongly concave on the back, white-hairy, at length glabrous, transversely rugose-veined, the ventral
suture subacute.

40. A. MICROLOBUS, Gray. Stems diffuse; leaflets 4-6” long, linear or oblong-linear, emarginate ;
racemes rather short and usually loosely-flowered; flowers deep-purple, 4’ long; pods reflexed, thick-
cartilaginous, puberulent, finely rugulose, turgid, a little flattened on the back, the ventral suture very
thick.

§ 14. OROBOIDEI. Pod stipitate or sessile, coriaceous or nearly membranous, scarcely or not at all
obcompressed, 1-celled or imperfectly 2-celled, with the dorsal suture more or less deeply impressed
or inflexed. Caulescent, slender, glabrous or pubescent; stipules nearly free, distinct except the
lowest; flowers in short often spikelike racemes, or few in small heads, rather small or middle-
sized, purple to white, spreading ; calyx short.

* Northern, perennial, ascending ; flowers pedicelled, mostly racemed; pods oblong, stipitate, (stipe
very short in A. oroboides and sparsiflorus,) subsecund, usually pendent, the ventral suture rather
prominent.

(a.) Pod membranous, glabrous or finely puberulent, slightly more compressed laterally, 1-celled with
a very narrow rudimentary septum from the straight dorsal suture, the ventral suture gibbous.

(1.) Pod long-stipitate, not sulcate, cross-section oval; leaflets never retuse, the lowest pair approxi-
mate to the stipules except in the lower leaves; flowers in a close raceme, white or bluish, keel
violet.

41, A. ABORIGINUM, Rich. Puberulent or subvillous; pod semi-elliptic. See page 70.

42. A. GLABRIUSCULUS, Gray. Glabrous or with short scattered hairs; leaflets thinner, green, linear-
lanceolate and subacute, or oblong and obtuse at both ends; ovary glabrous; pod lanceolate-subfalcate,
attenuate into a stipe 2-3 times exceeding the calyx; otherwise like the last, of which it is “probably
only a variety.’—Rocky Mts. of British America and Colorado.

(2.) Pod short-stipitate, not dorsally sulcate or very obsoletely so, (the cross-section obovate, retuse,)

minutely darkish-pubescent ; leaflets subretuse ; flowers white, 4” long.

43. A. Roppinsu, Gray. Subglabrous; stems 1° high, suberect; leaflets 3-5 pairs, oval or oblong ;
raceme close, oblong ; calyx-teeth much shorter than the tube ; pods thin-membranous, oblong, straight
or somewhat incurved, 6” long, very obtuse and abruptly narrowed at base into an included stipe.—Ver-
mont. See page 70.

(6.) Pod more coriaceous, black- or rarely cinereous-pubescent, more or less triangular and semi-
2-celled, the dorsal suture sulcate-impressed.

(1.) Pod somewhat symmetrical, short, oblong lens-shaped, slightly compressed, cross-section obcor-

date, the ventral suture a little the more gibbous.

44. A. oRoBoIDES, Hornem., Var. AMERICANUS, Gray. Subcinereous-puberulent; stems suberect,
1-1}° high; leaflets 5-7 pairs, oblong and oval or often linear-oblong, scarcely retuse; flowers 3-4” long,
in a long secund raceme, violet or purple, the wings exceeding the keel; pod 5-6” lon g, 3-4 times longer
than the calyx, the appressed pubescence usually gray, moderately sulcate, few-seeded; stipe very
short.—Labrador, on the Saskatchewan, and in the Rocky Mts. to Colorado.

(2) Pod triangular, more impressed, the cross-section deeply obcordate, rather straight or incurved,
gibbous on the back. Leaves sometimes retuse or subemarginate. .

45. A, aLPinus, L, Hairy-pubescent or glabrous, diffuse; leaflets 6-12 pairs, oval or oblong; ra-
APPENDIX. 439

cemes short or subcapitate, many-flowered ; flowers 5-6" long, violet or whitish, wings little if at all
exceeding the rather large keel; pod oblong, straight or recurved, black-villous or -pubescent, triangu-
lay-turgid, the suture intruded to the middle or beyond, stipe usually exceeding the calyx.—Arctic Amer-
ica; Labrador; Maine and Vermont; Wyoming and Colorado.

46. A. SPARSIFLORUS, Gray. Slightly appressed-pilose, glabrate; stems very slender, branched, dif-
fuse; stipules triangular-subulate, distinct ; leaflets 4-6 pairs, obovate or subrounded, often emarginate,
2-3” long; peduncles scarcely exceeding the leaves, 3-10-flowered; flowers 3" long, bluish-white, the
emarginate or bifid banner and the wings much exceeding the incurved keel; calyx-teeth equaling the
tube; ovary 8-12-ovuled, short-stipitate; pod 3-6’ long, coriaceous, oblong, incurved, pubescent with
short hairs, mottled, 2-celled to the middle, very short-stipitate, ventral suture acute.—Colorado.

* * Californian, annual, low, erect; flowers few, capitate; wings and banner much exceeding the

keel; ovary silky-canescent, sessile; pod unknown.

47, A. BREWERI, Gray. About a span high, with very short black and whitish hairs; leaflets 4-5
pairs, oblong-obcordate; stipules small, ovate, scarious; immature pods globose-ovate, erect, crowded,
6-ovuled, twice longer than the calyx, dorsal suture slightly intruded.

* * * Southern and eastern species; racemes spikelike, most usually short; calyx never black-hairy ;
pod glabrous, reticulated, sessile or scarcely stipitate, oblong, incurved.

48. A. LINDHEIMERI, Eng. Annual, many-stemmed, diffuse, glabrous; leaflets 6-8 pairs, narrow-
oblong, mostly emarginate; raceme subcapitate ; calyx-teeth subulate-setaceous, about twice longer than
the tube; corolla violet, 4’ long; keel rather large, little shorter than the wings and broad scarcely
emarginate banner; pod ascending, upon a spreading pedicel, oblong-linear, 1/ long or more, subfaleate,
compressed, transversely reticulate-veined, substipitate, bicarinate on the back and 2-celled to the mid-
dle, ventral suture acute.—Texas.

49. A. pistorTus, T. & G. Perennial, low, diffuse, many-stemmed, subglabrous; leaflets 8-12 pairs,
oblong, emarginate; flowers in a short spike, 4” long, narrow, pale-purple; calyx-teeth broad-subulate,
half-shorter than the dark-puberulent tube; banner deeply emarginate; pods 6-9” long, ovate- or lance-
oblong, arched, thick-coriaceous, minutely reticulated, subterete, 1-celled, suleate at the sutures, espe-
cially on the back.—S. Illinois, Arkansas and Texas.

50. A. OBCORDATUS, Ell. Perennial, low, diffuse; leaflets 7-12 pairs, obcordate; flowers pale-purple,
4” long; pods 1’ long, lunate, sulcate dorsally, ventral suture acute.—Florida, Georgia.

51. A. GLABER, Mx. Perennial, tall, erect; leaflets 9-18 pairs, elliptic- or linear-oblong; flowers 6
long, white; pods oblong-linear, 1’ long, arcuate or straightish, sulcate on the back and 2-celled to the
middle, ventral suture prominent.—N. Carolina to Florida. 7

§ 15. LOTIFLORI. Perennial and nearly like the last division of § Oroboidei, but villous or ca-
nescent, lower, and with yellowish flowers; pod semi-ovate or oblong, turgid, coriaceous, subtrian-
gular, with the back gibbous and more or less impressed, the ventral suture prominent’; corolla
little exceeding the calyx, the keel inflexed above; calyx-teeth exceeding the tube.

52. A. vILLosus, Mx. Loosely villous; stems a span high, ascending; leaflets oval, retuse; heads
many-flowered, long-peduncled ; corolla 4’ long; pod very villous, 2-celled nearly to the middle, cross-
section obcordate.—S. Carolina to Florida and Louisiana.

53. A. LOTIFLORUS, Hook. Hoary or cinereous with appressed hairs; stems very short; leaflets
lance-oblong; peduncles exceeding the leaves or very short; heads few-flowered ; calyx-teeth subulate,
exceeding the tnbe; pod about 1’ long, oblong-ovate, more inflated, subcanescent, the cross-section obo-
vate, retuse, or usually broadly obcordate toward the base.—From Texas and Nebraska to the Rocky Mts.
and Hudson’s Bay.

§ 155, (PTEROCARPI.) Pod sessile, coriaceous, oval, 1’ long or more, strongly obcompressed and
laterally winged, acute and compressed at the apex, glabrous, transversely rugose-veined, slightly
suleate, the dorsal suture nearly meeting the subdepressed ventral one. Perennial.

54. A. prerocarrus, 8. Watson. See page 71, and Plate XII.

§ 16. ARGOPHYLLI. Pod sessile, (except in A. Beckwithii,) mostly thick-coriaceous and obcom-
-pressed, the impressed or intruded dorsal suture more or less approaching the ventral, not 2-celled,
pubescent. Low, white-silky or hoary; stipules distinct, nearly free; flowers spicate or subcapi-
tate, violet or purplish; calyx-teeth shorter than the usually oblong or cylindric tube.

* Annual or biennial, many-stemmed ; flowers rather small, purplish-white; pod inflated, membra-
nous, incurved.

55. A. PUBENTISSIMUS, T. & G. Dwarf, hirsute-canescent with a loose pubescence ; leaflets oblong

or obovate; flowers few, subracemose upon a short peduncle; calyx-teeth equaling the campanulate
440 BOTANY.

tube; pod villous, 9-10” long, ovate-lunate, strongly incurved, sulcate on the back with a slight intro-
flexion of the suture.—Colorado, (Nuttall.)

* * Perennial, short-stemmed or scarcely caulescent, usually prostrate or matted ; flowers rather
large, shortly pedicelled, mostly violet ; leaflets oblong, elliptic or obovate. Pod thick-coriaceous,
obcompressed or obcompressed-triangular, transversely rugulose.

56. A. Missourrensis, Nutt. Subcaulescent, hoary-silky with a short very closely appressed pubes-
cence; peduncles scapelike, capitately few-flowered or spicately 8-14-flowered ; calyx-teeth about half-
shorter than the cylindric tube; corolla bright violet, (or rarely white ;) pod about 1’ long, nearly
straight, blackish, elliptic—From the Saskatchewan to Nebraska and New Mexico.

57. A. SHORTIANUS, Nutt. Usually subacaulescent, silky-canescent with a very closely appressed
pubescence; leaflets obovate or ovate, 7-10" long; peduncles scapelike, few-many-flowered, usually
shorter than the leaves; calyx #/ long, cylindric, teeth half-shorter than the tube; corolla violet or blue ;
immature pod 1}-2' long, ovate-lanceolate, pointed and strongly arcuate, thick, puberulent.—N. Colorado.
Var. (?) MINoR has smaller leaflets and the pod oblong- or lanceolate-linear, the dorsal suture deeply in-
truded, carinate ventrally —W. Texas and New Mexico to Nebraska and Colorado.

58. A. Parryl, Gray. Stems short, prostrate; villous with loose spreading hairs ; peduncles rather
short; flowers 6-10, loosely subcapitate, 6-8” long, whitish or yellowish, the keel tinged with purple ;
calyx-teeth half-shorter than the cylindric tube; pod pubescent, oblong-lanceolate, 1’ long or more,
arched or at length circinate, strongly obcompressed and rugulose, both sutures sulcately impressed, con-
tiguous.—Colorado to N. W. Texas. ,

59. A. IODANTHUS, 8. Watson. Subglabrous; spikes dense. See page 70.

60. A. Becxwiruu, T. & G. Subglabrous; raceme loose; pod short-stipitate. See page 71.

61. A. GLAREOsUS, Dougl. Depressed, villous-silky with white incumbent hairs; flowers 3-6, nar-
row, 9-12” long, on peduncles not exceeding the leaves, bright violet; calyx-teeth one-third as long as
the long-cylindric tube; pod (immature) oblong-ovate, attenuate above, incurved, silky-pubescent, “ be-
coming subglabrous.”—S. Idaho; Wyoming.

Series II. PHACA, L. Pod 1-celled, neither suture being inflexed or the ventral more intruded than
the dorsal. §§ 17-27.

(A.) Leaves pinnate with many or rarely with few or abortive leaflets, or simple.

§ 17. ERIOCARPI. Pod very woolly, short, turgid, coriaceous, more or less incurved, acuminate or
pointed, sessile. Very svft-woolly; stems short, prostrate, from a stout perennial root ; flowers
usually 1/ long, loosely subcapitate; calyx long-cylindric.

62. A. INFLEXUS, Dougl. Cinereous-hoary with loose subvillous wool; stems 6-12’ long, diffuse-
procumbent ; leaflets oblong; flowers 1’ long, bright-purple, the keel little exceeding the loose slender
setaceous calyx-teeth ; pod ovate-oblong, very woolly when young, becoming somewhat naked, strongly
incurved, obcompressed, both sutures impressed, the ventral one more so.—Idaho; Washington Territory.

63. A. ERIOCARPUS, S. Watson. Pubescence rather hirsute-silky. See page 72.

64. A. Pursuu, Dougl. Flowers ochroleucous ; leaflets lanceolate or oblong. See page 72.

65. A. Uravense, T. & G. Flowers dark-purple; leaflets subrounded. See page 72. we

§ 18. OOCARPI. Pod chartaceous-coriaceous, ovate, inflated, sessile, glabrous, ventral suture in-
truded, the dorsal obsoletely so. Glabrate, perennial, erect, leafy; stipules free, distinct ; leaflets
oblong and oval, sometimes retuse; flowers many in a spikelike raceme, white or whitish, }’ long;
calyx short; pod erect, not over 1’ long.

66. A. Cooprri, Gray. Leaflets oblong; calyx dark-pubescent, teeth subulate ; pod ovate-globose,

sub-obcompressed, slightly sulcate on both sides, cavity webby.—W. New York to Wisconsin.

67. A. oocaRPuS, Gray. 4-6° high; leaflets oval, rather small, thickish ; flowers spreading, in a
rather loose raceme ; calyx whitish-puberulent, teeth very short; pod oblong-ovate, acute, slightly sul-
cate only ventrally and that suture introflexed, glabrous within.—S. California.

§ 19. INFLATI. Pod membranous, inflated, globose, egg-shaped or semi-ovate, usually large, finely

reticulated, glabrous or glabrate, neither suture inflexed or rarely the ventral only and slightly.

* Annual; pod sessile, not mottled ; flowers small, ochroleucous or purplish. Low; leaflets linear
or linear-oblong, gray with strigulose hairs.

68. A. TRIFLORUS, Gray. Very much branched from the base; flowers 3-15; pod oval, obtuse or

acutish, 7-12” long.—Arizona, Mexico.

69. A. GnyERI, Gray. Flowers few, yellowish-white ; pod ovate-lunate. See page 72.

* * Root perennial, (annual ? in A. pictus ;) pod mottled, short-stipitate, the stipe equaling the
calyx; flowers few, rather small, light-colored, keel with the inflexed apex somewhat produced.
APPENDIX. 441

70, A. PlcTUS, Gray. Hoary with a loose silky pubescence ; roots filiform ; stipules subulate, rigid,
persistent, connate at base; leaflets 3-7-pairs, narrowly linear or filiform, 4-14’ long, most of them
usually abortive ; pod 4-14’ long, ovoid, scarcely pointed, pendent.—Nebraska and New Mexico, in sand.

71, A. Hooxertanvs, Gray. Very low, subalpine ; pod 1-2‘ long, very obtuse. See page 73.

72. A. WHITNEYI, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad. 6. 526. Strigulose-puberulent, densely branched, a span
high ; stipules short, sheathing, not scarious; leaflets 5-9 pairs, linear-oblong ; peduncles equaling the
leaf, subcapitately many-flowered ; calyx-teeth triangular, 4-times shorter than the campanulate tube;
corolla bright-purple, } long, the keel faleate-incurved, equaling the wings, a little shorter than the
banner ; pod pendent, glabrous, oval, less than 1/ long, very obtuse at the apex.—Sierras of California.

73. A. oopHoRuS, 8. Watson. Stems stout, 1-2° long, glabrous; pod 2’ long. See page 73.

* * * Perennial; pod not mottled.
(a.) Nearly stemless, few-flowered ; pod with a very short stipe.
74, A. MEGACARPUS, Gray. Glabrous; leaflets 4-6 pairs, broadly oval or ovate,
scape 3-6-flowered, much shorter than the leaves ; flowers 1! long, ochroleucous or whitish ; calyx cylin-

dric, the teeth subulate, long, little shorter than the keel 3 pod ovate-oblong, 2-24’ long, acuminate, very
obtuse at base, erect.—Plains of the Rocky Mts.,” (Nuttall.)

usually emarginate ;

(b.) Caulescent, rather tall, leafy; leaflets many-paired, oblong or sublinear; racemes or spikes
mostly many-flowered.

(1.) Pod sessile, over 1’ long, (except 4. Hornii,) the ventral suture straight or slightly convex, the
dorsal strongly gibbous.—Californian.

(1%) Corolla yellow or yellowish, rather small, short, incurved above the calyx, the keel inflexed ;
peduncles not exceeding the leaves.

75. A. Dovetasn, Gray. Ascending, subglabrous or somewhat ashy-puberulent; stipules triangu-
lar, distinct; leaflets 10-14 pairs, lineat-oblong or lanceolate, obtuse or acutish; racemes short, loosely
flowered ; calyx-teeth broad-subulate, shorter than the tube; pod gibbous-ovoid, the ventral suture
nearly straight.

76. A. MacRoDON, Gray. Ascending or erect, villous-hoary or sometimes rather glabrous ; stipules
lanceolate-subulate, distinct ; leaflets 11-14 pairs, linear-oblon g, obtuse, mucronate; racemes rather short ;
flowers at length deflexed ; calyx silky, the teeth filiform-subulate, lax, equaling the tube, little shorter
than the yellow corolla. Pod unknown.

77, A. Hornu, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad. 7.398. Erect, 2° high, glabrous; stipules very small, subu-
late, distinct, soon reflexed; leaflets oblong-linear, slightly appressed-hairy ; peduncles equaling the
leaves, capitately many-flowered ; flowers nearly sessile; calyx half-shorter than the yellow straightish
corolla, the subulate teeth equaling the short campanulate tube; pods }’ long, crowded, short-ovate, acu-
minate, pilose, 10-15-seeded.

(1>.) Corolla white or purplish-ochroleucous, long-exserted, straight with a subincurved apex, the
claws of the wings and keel about equaling the lamina; peduncles exceeding the leaves; racemes
elongating, the flowers many and crowded, becoming deflexed ; leaflets in many pairs, crowded,
usually retuse, the lowest near the stem.

78. A. CROTALARIZ, Gray. Glabrate or subglabrous; stem stout, ascending; stipules triangular,
distinct ; leaflets linear- or obovate-oblong, 6-16” long, not sessile; flowers white, 6-8” long ; pod ovoid,
1-1} long, chartaceous, more rigid and less inflated than in the next.

79. A. Mrnzizsi, Gray. Villous-canescent, the decumbent stem becoming glabrous; stipules scari-
ous, connate; leaflets subcuneate-oblong, subsessile ; pod ovoid, nearly 2’ long, thinly membranous.

(2.) Pod with a stipe equaling the calyx, otherwise as in (1.); stipules scarious, connate nearly to

the top.

80. A. curTIPEs, Gray. Erect, 1° high, hoary with a minute appressed pubescence, at length glab-
rate; stipules rather large; leaflets 12-16 pairs, oblong or linear-oblong, retuse, petiolulate, glabrous
above; fruiting raceme short; calyx-teeth slender-subulate, a little shorter than the campanulate tube $
pod 14! long, puberulent, glabrate, semi-ovoid, scarcely pointed at each end, jointed upon the rigid
stipe.—S. California.

(3.) Pod 8-18” long, stipe rather long or very long, the ventral suture slightly convex, straight, or a

little concave; stipules distinct ; flowers white or yellowish, nearly straight.

(3%) Pod not attenuate at base or scarcely so, the stipe much exceeding the calyx; racemes short,
oblong, on peduncles much exceeding the leaves; stipules small.—Californian.
81. A. Levcopsis, T, & G. Finely tomentose-hoary or at length cinereous; leaflets 10-18 pairs, ob-

56
442 BOTANY.

long or sublinear, obtuse or retuse; calyx more or less pubescent, the teeth subulate, half-shorter than
the short-campanulate tube; corolla ochroleucous; ovary canescent; pod glabrous, 1-14’ long, subatten-
uate at base, the stipe 5-6” long.—Coast of 8. California.

82, A. LEUCOPHYLLUS, T. & G. Silky-hoary; leaflets 10-18 pairs, broad-linear or lanceolate, obtuse
or acutish; calyx silky, the teeth narrowly subulate, half-shorter than the oblong tube; corolla appa-
rently yellowish ; ovary and stipe silky-canescent, the pod at length glabrous, 1}/ long, oval-gibbous,
very obtuse at each end, the filiform stipe 1’ long.

83, A. TRICHOPODUS, Gray. Ashy-puberulent, glabrate, stems 14-3° long; leaflets 11-19 pairs, linear-
oblong, obtuse; calyx dark-pubescent, the campanulate tube much exceeding the subulate teeth ; corolla
ochroleucous, 44-6” long; ovary glabrous; pod 8-9” long, ellipsoid, very obtuse at each end, but little
gibbous; stipe 6” long, very slender, minutely pubescent.

(3>.) Stipes less exserted ; pod pointed at each end.

84. A. oxypHysus, Gray. Very softly hoary-villous, stems 3° long; stipules scarious; leaflets 8-11
pairs, oblong, 1’ long or less, from hoary becoming green ; peduncles much exceeding the leaves; raceme
elongated ; bracts subulate, small; calyx silky, the subulate teeth half-shorter than the cylindric tube ;
flowers narrow, 9” long, white or greenish-white ; pod obovate-clavate, 14-2’ long, glabrate, acutely acu-
minate and long-attenuate at base, stipe 3-4’ long, recurved, pubescent.—California.

85. A. FRIGIDUS, Gray. Subglabrous, 1-2° high; stipules ovate-oblong, membranous; leaflets 7-9
pairs, ovate-oblong or elliptic-oblong, green ; peduncles equaling the leaves; calyx-teeth short; corolla
white; pod oblong, acute at each end, black-hairy or glabrous, the stipe equaling or exceeding the
calyx.—From the Rocky Mts. of Colorado to Alaska and the Arctic regions.

§ 20. LONCHOCARPI. Pod membranous, lanceolate-cylindric, straight, exsertly stipitate, glabrous,
neither suture intruded ; flowers rather large; calyx cylindric; leaflets few or almost none.

86. A. LONCHOCARPUS, T. & G. Ashy-puberulent, glabrate, perennial: stem fistulous, branched, 2°
long; stipules distinct, small; leaflets 1-5, filiform-linear, remote, the leaf sometimes reduced to the flat-
tened-filiform rachis; racemes loosely many-flowered; bracts half-shorter than the pedicels; flowers
white, pendent; calyx-teeth broad-subulate, one-fourth the length of the tube; pod 14’ long, very
sharply acuminate at each end.—New Mexico.

§ 21. MICROCYSTEI. Pod membranous or chartaceous, small, globose or ovate, inflated, sessile,
neither suture intruded. Perennial, diffuse or procumbent, mostly small and slender; flowers
small and usually few.

87. A. MICROCYSTIS, Gray. Ashy-pubescent, procumbent, from a woody root; stems slender, much-
branched ; stipules scarious, connate or the uppermost nearly distinct; leaflets 4-6 pairs, oblong or oblong-
lanceolate, obtuse ; racemes slender, 5-12-flowered ; calyx hairy, the teeth setaceous-subulate, equaling
the short-campanulate tube; corolla violet or whitish, the deeply emarginate banner slightly exceeding
the wings, twice longer than the incurved keel; pod globose-ovate, 3’’ long, thin-membranous, gray-
pubescent.—Washington Territory.

88. A. LEPTALEUS, Gray. Nearly glabrous, stems slender, ascending, a span high; stipules long-
subulate, subconnate at base; leaflets 7-11 pairs, lance-linear or oblong, often acute; peduncles 2-4-
flowered, shorter than the leaves ; calyx with short black hairs, the campanulate tube slightly exceeding
the subulate teeth, about equaling the pedicel and subulate bract; corolla 4” long, white, the emarginate
banner a third longer than tha violet-tipped keel; pod ovate or oval, 4’ long, puberulent, chartaceous,
sub-obcompressed (?).—Colorado.

89. A. THURBERI, Gray. Cinereous with minute pubescence; stems suberect, 6-10’ high ; stipules
distinct, small, scarious ; leaflets 6-7 pairs, linear-oblong, retuse, rather thick ; racemes short-peduncled,
loosely 10-20-flowered ; flowers whitish, 3’ long, very short, pedicelled; calyx-teeth subulate, slightly
shorter than the tube ; pod coriaceous-membranous, globose, 3 long, glabrous.—Arizona.

90. A. sEJUNUS, S. Watson. Pod gibbous dorsally. See page 73, and Plate XIII.

§ 22. BISULCATI. Pod coriaceous, shortly oxsert-stipitate, straight, narrowly oblong, semi-cylin-

dric, the deeply concave ventral surface divided by the salient obtuse suture. Perennial.

91. A. BrIsuLcatus, Gray. Strigulose-puberulent ; stem erect, over 1° high, stout; stipules distinct,
free ; leaflets oblong, often narrow, the lowest near the stem; flowers violet, in dense spikelike racemes,
middle-sized, pendent or spreading, the keel nearly straight; calyx-teeth setiaceous, scarcely shorter than
the campanulate tube; pod } long—From Nebraska to the Saskatchewan and Rocky Mts.

§ 23. PECTINATI. Pod thick-cartilaginous with a subfleshy epicarp, subovate or oblong, turgid,
sessile, neither suture intruded but both thick and prominent. Perennial, 1° high, stem and leaves
rather rigid; leaflets nearly filiform, not jointed to the rachis, persistent ; lower stipules connate ;
flowers nearly 1’ long, keel nearly straight.
APPENDIX, 443

92, A. pecrinatus, Dougl. Ashy-puberulent, glabrate; branches striate, angled; calyx-teeth much
shorter than the cylindric tube; flowers white, many in a rather short raceme, the banner elongated ;
pod 3’ long, pendulous, glabrous, cuspidate, the dorsal suture very thick.—Nebraska to the Saskatchewan.

93. A. NuDUS, S. Watson. Pod erect, larger; flowers few, blue. See page 74.

§ 24. SCYTOCARPI. Pod coriaceous, ovate or oblong, rarely cylindrical, turgid, not sulcate and

neither suture intruded.
* Stipe thick, about equaling the cylindrical calyx; flowers 1’ long.

94, A. Preuss, Gray. Nearly glabrous; stem erect, over 1° high; stipules ovate, distinct; leaflets
6-3 pairs, rather fleshy, subrounded, }’ long, sometimes retuse; bracts ovate, small; calyx-teeth subu-
late, 3-4 times shorter than the tube; corolla apparently purple, the straightish keel a little shorter than
the wings, banner elongated; pod oval-oblong, 1’ long, straight, firmly coriaceous, inflated, glabrous,
pointed, abruptly contracted at base.—S. Nevada.

* * Pod sessile or scarcely stipitate.
(a.) Nearly acaulescent, silvery-silky, large-flowered, perennial.
95. A. CHAMZLEUCE, Gray. Scapes short, 3-8-flowered ; pod $-1/ long. See page 74.
(b.) Low, annual or biennial, canescent ; flowers small; stipules distinct.

96. A. TEPHRODES, Gray. Hoary-villous; stems very short; stipules scarious, triangular-ovate ;
leaflets 7-12 pairs, oblong and oval; leaves scapelike, at length 3’ long and exceeding the leaves, spi-
cately many-flowered ; calyx-teeth half-shorter than the campanulate tube; corolla purple; pod pubes-
cent, arcuate-ovate, gibbous dorsally, acute, chartaceous-coriaceous, 4’ long or more.—New Mexico.

97. A. aripus, Gray. Silky-canescent, annual ; stems a span high, diffuse-erect, leafy ; stipules min-
ute ; leaflets 5-6 pairs, oblong, white-silky on both sides; peduncles spicately 5-8-flowered, shorter than
the leaf; calyx-teeth shorter than the short-campanulate tube; corolla ochroleucous, 2-24” long; pod
canescent, gibbous-ovate, 4’ long, thinly coriaceous, (or perhaps membranous,) inflated.—S. California.

(c.) Canescent-downy ; stem rather stout, 1° high or more; flowers and fruit in very dense oblong or

cylindric spikes; stipules scarious, distinct.

98. A. PYCNOSTACHIUS, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad. 6. 527. Leaflets in many pairs, oblong, 3-6” long,
equally downy both sides, obtuse or retuse, mucronate ; peduncles equaling the leaves, 2-3’ long ; spikes
1’ long in flower, 2’ long in fruit; calyx-teeth subulate, shorter than the short campanulate tube; corolla
4’ long, apparently pale ; pod coriaceous, ovate, 4-5” long, glabrous, turgidly lens-shaped, cuspidate, re-
flexed, 1~3-seeded, sutures acute.—Salt-marshes, Baulinas Bay, California.

(d.) Perennial, pilose-silky, decumbent ; flowers 4-5” long; stipules scarious, conuate.

99, A. Sonora, Gray. Stems slender, decumbently diffuse or prostrate ; leaflets 7-8 pairs, oblong-
linear or lanceolate, acute, canescent both sides with close-pressed silky hairs; peduncles exceeding the
leaves, spicately 8-12-flowered; calyx-teeth setaceous, equaling the campanulate tube; corolla purple,
incurved, the inflexed keel produced into a beak; pod hoary-puberulent, ovate-lunate, }/ long, acuminate,
turgid, chartaceous-coriaceous, the sutures prominent.—Arizona, Sonora.

'(@) Glabrous or pubescent, perennial, stems ascending or erect, usually flexuous; stipules mostly
distinct ; flowers 4” long, (7-8” long in A. Hallii;) pod often spreading or pendulous, very shortly

5

stipitate or sessile; calyx gray- or dark-pubescent, the teeth shorter than the tube.

100. A. GRACILENTUS, Gray. About 1° high, erect, appressed-pubescent ; leaflets oblong-linear, at-
tenuate at base; racemes loose; corolla purplish ; pod chartaceous-coriaceous, oblong, about 1’ long,
inflated, obtuse at each end, straightish, ashy-pubescent, sessile. New Mexico.

101. A. FeNDLEntI, Gray. Glabrous or appressed-puberulent, erect, over 1° high; leaflets oblong or
linear-oblong; racemes long-peduncled, loosely purple-flowered; pod oval, inflated, chartaceous-coria-
ceous, about 1’ long, straight, pointed, minutely puberulent, very shortly stipitate—New Mexico, Colo-
rado. “ Probably passing into A. flexuosus.” P

102. A. Hatty, Gray. Subcinereous-pubescent, glabrate; stems rather stout, 1° high, ascending;
stipules subulate ; leaflets 9-12 pairs, narrow-oblong, 4-7” long, subcuneate, retuse ; peduncles exceeding
the leaves; flowers violet, 20 or more, in a dense head-like raceme; calyx dark-pubescent, broad-cam-
panulate, very gibbous at base, 3” long, the rather obtuse broad teeth 3-4 times shorter; pod oblong,
inflated, 7-10” long, glabrous, straight, pointed, chartaceous-coriaceous; stipe 1’ long.—Colorado.

103. A. rFLExuosuS, Dougl. Ashy-puberulent, ascending, 1° high; leaflets oblong- or cuneate-linear,
obtuse or retuse; peduncles exceeding the leaves; racemes mostly elongated, loose; calyx hoary-pubes-
cent, teeth 3 times shorter than the tube; corolla white or purplish ; pod cylindric, 8-11” long, 2” broad,
puberulent, thinly coriaceous, pointed, straight or subincurved, stipe very short but evident.—Nebraska
to the Saskatchewan and Rocky Mts.
444 BOTANY.

§ 25. Popo-scterocarPi. Pod thick-cartilaginous or coriaceous, exsertly stipitate, compressed
or turgid, incurved; sutures not intruded, sometimes thickened and separating from the valves.
Perennial, branched, ashy-puberulent ; stipules small, distinct.

104, A. scLeRocARPUS, Gray. Very much branched, nearly canescent; leaflets 6-9-pairs, linear;
racemes loose; flowers white; pod hoary-puberulent, very thick, lunate or nearly hamate, 1’ long,
turgid, cuspidate, rugulose, the stout stipe 2-3 times longer than the calyx.—Washington Territory.

105, A. sPErRocARPUS, Gray. Pod linear-lanceolate, flattened, spirally coiled. See page 74.

106. A. cyrtorpEs, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad. 6.525. Softly pubescent; pod linear, terete, strongly
curved or annular. See page 75. /

§ 26. HOMALOBI. Pod vetch-shaped, flattened or less compressed, straight, margined by the nerve-
like sutures, coriaceous or chartaceous, sometimes stipitate. Perennial, the leaves pinnate with
many or few leaflets, or in some species simple. ,

* Flowers in peduncled racemes or spikes ; pod many- (7-20-) ovuled.

(a.) Stipules apparently all distinct; pod long-stipitate ; calyx-teeth 3-4 times shorter than the tube;
caulescent, mostly over 1° high, pinnately leaved with many leaflets.

“107. A. co“tinus, Doug]. Erect or diffuse, with a loose grayish pubescence ; leaves linear or oblong-
linear, obtuse, attenuate at base; peduncles twice longer than the leaves; flowers reflexed, on suberect
pedicels ; calyx oblong-campanulate or cylindric, gibbous at base, white-pubescent, the teeth triangular-
subulate; corolla nearly white, scarcely twice exceeding the calyx, the banner somewhat longest; pod
pubescent, linear-oblong, turgid, attenuate at base, 1’long with the stipe—Oregon and Washington
Territory.

108. A. rizipEs, Torr. Pod 1’ long, flat, glabrous, reflexed. See page 75.

109. A. STENOPHYLLUS, T. & G. Glabrous, erect; leaflets narrowly linear, 6-8 long; peduncles
twice longer than the leaves; flowers 10-16, in an oblong raceme, spreading, purplish or white, the banner
exceeding the keel; calyx campanulate, dark-pubescent, teeth rather broad, very obtuse; ovary glabrous,
scarcely equaling the stipe; pod unknown.—Montana, (Wyeth.)

(b.) Stipules connate, at least the lower ones; pod more or less stipitate. Caulescent; leaves pin-

nate, with many leaflets; calyx-teeth half shorter than the tube.

110. A. MULTIFLoRUS, Gray. Slender; stipules dark ; pod oblong, reflexed, exserted. See page 75.

111. A. Bourcovi, Gray. Strigulose-pubescent; stems a span high, ascending from a woody
caudex ; stipules scarious, nearly wholly connate ; leaflets 7-8 pairs, oblong or lanceolate, acute; pedun-
cles much exceeding the leaves ; racemes short, 5-10-flowered; pedicels about equaling the dark-pubes-
cent oblong-campanulate calyx-tube; calyx-teeth rather stout; corolla violet, 44-5” long, the keel with
an inflexed somewhat produced apex, equaling the wings, a little shorter than the banner; immature
pod ovate-lanceolate, black- or cinereous-pubescent, rounded at base, on a very short included stipe.—
Mature fruit unknown. Rocky Mts. of British America, (Bourgeau.)

112, A. Pauiseri, Gray. Sparingly strigulose-pubescent, glabrate; stems about 1° high, ascending
from a woody base, branched, slender, rather rigid; upper stipules herbaceous, distinct; leaflets 4-9
pairs, linear or lanceolate, 7-12” long, 1-14” wide, ratber rigid, obtusish ; peduncles equaling the leaves ;
raceme loosely 7-12-flowered; peduncles equaling the short-campanulate calyx; calyx-teeth not half as
long as the tube; corolla whitish-purple, 43-5” long, curved, keel with a narrow inflexed tip and shorter
than the wings; pod linear, 8-9” long, 1” wide, turgid, glabrous, straight, on a very short but manifest
stipe.—Rocky Mts. of British America, (Bourgeau.) ’

113. A. PorREcTUS, 8. Watson. Stout; leaflets broad-obovate; pod oblong, gibbous dorsally, exsert,
erect upon the spreading pedicel and stipe. See page 75.

(c.) Stipules connate, or at least the lower ones; pod sessile. Caulescent.

(1.) Calyx-teeth very slender, somewhat exceeding the tube. Low, from a woody caudex, pinnately
leaved ; stipules all more or less connate.

114, A. paucirtorus, Hook. Dwarf, many-stemmed, cinereous-pubescent, matted-decumbent, with
crowded leaves and rather large stipules ; leaflets 3-5-pairs, oblong or lanceolate, acute ; peduncles about
equaling the leaves, 2-5-flowered ; flowers approximate, racemose, spreading ; corolla violet, 44-5” long,
the shortly incurved keel very obtuse, shorter than the wing and half as long as the reflexed banner ;
pod linear-oblong, flattened, silky-puberulent, 4-5” long.—Rocky Mts. of British America.

115, A. recerarius, 8S. Watson. Flowers 2-3” long; pod 2-3” long, ovate-oblong, straight. See
page 76, and Plate XIII.

116. A. Miser, Dougl. Cinereous-puberulent; stems diffuse, a span long, slender, loosely leaved;
stipules rather large, the upper connate to the middle; leaflets broad-linear or oblong, mostly obtuse
APPENDIX. 445

peduncles much exceeding the leaves, looscly 5-12-flowered ; corolla and calyx nearly as in A. pauciflorus ;
young pod ovate-oblong, canescent.—Washington Territory.

(2.) Calyx-teeth short or about equaling the tube; upper stipules nearly distinct. Slender, rather
rigid, branched, pinnately or by abortion sumewhat simply leaved, the petioles sometimes naked ;
flowers in loose long-peduncled racemes, ochroleucous or purplish, the keel a little shorter than the
banner.

(28.) Pods linear or linear-oblong, about 1! long; stems slender.

117. A. CAMPESTRIS, Gray. Keel with a long inflexed beak; pod oblong-linear, puberulent. See
page 76. :

118. A. SEROTINUS, Gray. Cinereous-puberulent, glabrate ; Stems ascending, 9-18’ high ; leaflets 4-10
pairs, linear ; racemes virgate, 9-20-flowered ; calyx-teeth 3-4 times shorter than the tube; corolla pur-
plish, about 4” long, the inflexed tip of the keel short, somewhat narrow ; pod linear, nearly glabrous.—
Washington Territory.

119, A. DECUMBENS, Gray. Cinereous- or silky-pubescent; stems diffuse or ascending, 6-10’ high;
petioles sometimes somewhat flattened, mostly with 7-13 linear-lanceolate acute leaflets ; racemes 5-10-
flowered; calyx-teeth attenuate, little shorter than the tube; corolla 4-44” long, ochroleucous or pur-
plish, the keel with a short inflexed tip; pod broad-linear, straight or faleate, about 1’ long, hoary-
puberulent.—Rocky Mts. of Colorado and northward.

120. A. sUNCEUS, Gray. Petioles frequently naked; flowers distant, the keel strongly ineurved. See
page 76.

(2%.) Pod semi-ovate, }/ long; stems rather stout.

121. A. PALMERI, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad. 7. 398. Cinereous-puberulent, glabrate; stem over 1°
high ; stipules very short ; leaflets 8-13 pairs, oblong, 6-9” long; spikes long-peduncled, strict, 4-5’ long,
rather loosely many-flowered ; bracts subulate, equaling the very short pedicels; calyx-teeth subulate,
about equaling the campanulate tube; half-shorter than the purple-blue (3 long) corolla; pods puberu-
lent, flattened, erect on spreading pedicels, 5-7-seeded, 6” long.—Resembling A. porrectus in habit. S.
Arizona.

(d.) Stipules scarious, connate; pod short, sessile, few-seeded. Acaulescent, ceespitose, silky-canes-
cent; leaves simple, lancevlate- or spatulate-linear, rarely some of them 3-5-foliolate ; scapes ex-
ceeding the leaves, many-flowered; corolla purple or rose-color.

122. A. caSPITOsUS, Gray. Scapes 2-6’ long; racemes spikelike; calyx-teeth narrowed, about equal-

ing the tube; keel very obtuse, much shorter than the banner; pod oblong or broad-lanceolate, 3-5”
long, scarcely curved ; somewhat flattened.—W. Nebraska.

* * Cushioned ; flowers scarcely exserted from among the simple leaves; pod many-ovuled, some-
what turgid, margined with rather strong sutures.

123, A. SIMPLICIFOLIUS, Gray. Leaves narrow, acute ; flowers few, purple; pod 4” long, oblong. See

page 77, and Plate XII.

* * * Caulescent, often depressed ; flowers subsessile in the axils of the leaves; pods 3-4-ovuled,
usually 1-seeded, ovate, sessile; leaves pinnate, with few leaflets.

124, A. Kenrropuyta, Gray. Leaflets linear-subulate, rigid, spinulose; pod 3” long, ovate, com-

pressed, See page 77,
(B.) Leaves apparently palmately 3-foliolate.

§ 27. TRIPHYLLI. Pod conical-ovate, acuminate, not stipitate nor compressed, coriaceous, many-
ovuled, somewhat included in the calyx, neither suture intruded. Perennial, cespitose from a
much-branched woody caudex, low, silvery-silky, with crowded leaves; stipules rather large,
thinly scarious, connate, imbricate upon the branches; leaves pinnately 3-foliolate, very rarely
5-foliolate, the leaflets crowded.

125. A. TRIPHYLLUS, Pursh. Acaulescent, glossy silky; stipules hyaline, glabrous; primary leaves
sometimes 5-foliolate with cuneate oblanceolate leaflets, the rest with 3 longer lanceolate leaflets, long-
petioled, exceeding the sessile crowded flowers; calyx-teeth half-shorter than the cylindrical tube; corolla
ochroleucous or white, 1’ long; pod villous, included.—Nebraska to the Saskatchewan.

126. A. TRIDACTYLICUS, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad. 6. 527. With the habit and leaves of the last;
stipules villous ; flowers 5” long, pale-purple; calyx-teeth equaling the tube; pod globose-ovoid, 3-4”
long, puberulent, 12-ovuled, 3-4-seeded ; calyx deciduous, exposing the pod.—Rocky Mts., Colorado.

127. A. SERICOLEUCUS, Gray. Very broadly cespitose, silky-hoary ; stems branched, prostrate, the
branches covered with the villous stipules; leaves all 3-foliclate, not equaling the 2-6-flowered filiform
peduncles ; leaflets 3’ long, oblanceolate or cuneate-oblong ; calyx-teeth about equaling the campanulate
446 BOTANY.

\

tube; corolla purple, 3-4” long; pod ovate-oblong, 3 long, hoary, half-included in the calyx.—Upper
Nebraska to the Rocky Mts.

Series III. An anomalous species, the keel very sharply acuminate in the manner of Oxytropis, the pod

with the dorsal suture alone inflexed, as in Astragalus proper.

128. A. NoTHOxYs, Gray. Diffuse from an annual root, cinereous-puberulent ; stems slender, 3-12’
long; stipules nearly free, distinct; leaflets 6-9 pairs, ovate-oblong or oblong, 3-6” long, often retuse,
glabrate above; peduncles 3-6’ long; raceme short, spikelike ; calyx-teeth subulate, shorter than the
oblong tube ; corolla violet, }’ long, the broad and short incurved apex of the keel abruptly contracted
into a short very acute porrected cusp ; pod broad-linear, 8-11” long, faleate, puberalent, thin—coriaceous,
suleate dorsally and nearly 2-celled, the ventral suture rather prominent.—Arizona.

Obscure species.

A. DIAPHANUS, Dougl. Hook. I'l. Bor.-Amer. 1.151. Prostrate and diffuse, pilose-scabrous; stipules
small, ovate, acuminate ; leaflets 5-9 pairs, obovate ; peduncles shorter than the leaves ; flowers in loose
heads, purple, about 6” long; bracts minute, ovate, acuminate, rather shorter than the pedicels ; pods
scarcely 1’ long, linear, much flattened, faleate, somewhat reflexed, nearly glabrous, 2-celled, many-seeded,
somewhat diaphanous.—Near the Great Falls of the Columbia, (Douglas.)

A. POLARIS, Benth. rans. Linn. Soc. 23. 323. Glabrous or sparingly pubescent; stems shortly diffuse ;
stipules connate ; leaflets 11-15, ovate or oblong, retuse or emarginate-bifid ; peduncles about equaling the
leaf, 1-4-flowered ; calyx-teeth a little shorter than the tube; corolla about 3 times longer than the calyx,
the keel shorter than the wings and banner ; pod nearly sessile, erect, broadly linear-oblong, inflated, mem~-
branous, 1’ long, 3-4 times exceeding the calyx, black-hairy, rounded at the ends, dorsal suture not in-
truded.—Resembling . alpinus. Eschscholtz Bay, (Seemann.)

A. Grppsu, Kell. Trans. Calif. Acad. 2. 161, fig. 50. Canescently short-villous; stems 1-2° long;
stipules slightly adnate, distinct; leafiets 8-10 pairs, obcordate, cuneate, petiolulate, 4’ long, rarely as
wide, the lowest approximate to the stem; peduncles exceeding the leaves, 8-10' long; bracts ovate,
acute, equaling the pedicels ; flowers 1’ long, 15-20 in a short raceme, spreading, pale-purple; calyx-teeth
broad, acute, 4 times shorter than the tubular-campanulate gibbous densely white-pubescent tube ; keel
with a short incurved obtuse apex, shorter than the subvillous banner and wings; ovary linear-oblong,
pubescent, stipitate, 6-7-ovuled, the ventral suture slightly inflesed ; stipe half the length of the calyx.—
Headwaters of the Carson River, California, (Gibbs.)

PHACA DEBILIS, Nutt. ZT. § G., Fl. 1.345. Somewhat pubescent, or glabrous below; stems slender,
short, decumbent; stipules slightly adnate, acuminate; leaflets 8-11 pairs, about 3” long, cuneate-oblong,
somewhat truncate or emarginate at apex, petiolulate, minutely appressed-hirsute beneath; petioles
rather long; peduncles exceeding the leaves; flowers 10-15, in close heads or short spikes, pale-purple,
about 5” long ; the banner deeply emarginate ; calyx grayish-pubescent, the subulate teeth about equaling
the tube.—Pod unknown. “Plains of the Rocky Mts., near streams,” (Nuttall.)

Puaca Pakviro.ta, Nutt. 2. f G., Fl. 1.348. Slender, canescent, subcsspitose; stems very short;
lower stipules united, upper ones triangular-ensiform; petioles long; leaflets 5-8-pairs, very small,
lanceolate-linear, mostly acute; rachis flattened and slightly winged; peduncles slender, exceeding the
leaves ; flowers 5-7, purple, in a short raceme; calyx-tube short, black-pubescent, a little exceeding the
acute teeth; pod pubescent, sessile, terete and somewhat boat-shaped, acute——Rocky Mts., toward the
sources of the Platte, (Nuttall.) Dr. Gray conjectures that this may be a form of A. oroboides.

“A. VAGINATUS, Pall. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Amer.1.149. rect, pubescent; leaflets linear-lanceolate, acute ;
peduncles longer than the leaves; flowers white and purple, in dense spikes, nodding; pods linear,
straight.—Wooded country of subarctic America, (Richardson.) “ Referred by Planchon to Phaca austra-
lis..—Said to be very similar in habit to A. aboriginum.

OXYTROPIS.

(A.) Calyx becoming bladdery in fruit.

§1. CALYCOPHYSZ. Fruiting calyx inflated, globose, including the ovate chartaceous-mem-
branous pod, which is somewhat half-2-celled by the intrusion of the ventral suture. Matted-
cxspitose, subacanlescent; scapes 2-flowered.

1. O. MuLticErs, Nutt. Canescently-silky, 1-3’ high; leaflets 3-4 pairs, about 3” long; flowers

purple, 6” long; pod short-stipitate—Rocky Mts. of Colorado and 8. Montana.
(B.) Calyx unchanged.

§ 2. PHYSOCARPA. Pod inflated, membranous, the ventral suture only thickened within or in-
truded. Acaulescent, the scape umbellately or capitately 2-6-flowered.
APPENDIX. 447

2. O. PopOCARPA, Gray. Depressed-cespitose, the caudex much divided, white-villous, at length
becoming glabrous; stipules long-adnate to the petiole; leaflets 5-11 pairs, crowded, linear-lanceolate or
oblong-linear, 2-4" long; peduncles equaling the leaves, 2-flowered ; keel of the bluish (?) corolla short-
mucronate; pod oblong-ovate, about 1’ long, thin-membranous, subglabrous, very sharply acuminate, on
a slender stipe equaling the calyx.—Labrador, Arctic Regions, and in the Rocky Mts. in lat. 49°.

§ 3, CAMPESTRES. Pod coriaceous or chartaceous, not bladdery or but slightly so, sessile or sub-
stipitate, septate from the ventral suture to the middle or almost completely, the dorsal suture
rarely somewhat intruded. Acaulescent; stipules long-adnate ; flowers spicaté or capitate, usually
many, rarely 2-4; pods erect.

* Leaflets in pairs.
(a.) Scapes 2-5-flowered.

3. O. URALENsIs, L., Var. PUMILA, Ledeb. Silky-villous; scapes 1-2’ long; leaflets about 4 pairs,
3” long; flowers violet-blue, scarcely exceeding the calyx; pod oval-oblong or long-oblong, the ventral
septum extending to the dorsal suture.—Arctic shores and islands, and in the Rocky Mountains to Col-
orado.

(b.) Spikes or heads many-flowered.

4, O. caMPESTRIS, L. Pod chartaceous, ovate or ovate-oblong, somewhat inflated; flowers yellowish,
tinged with violet, rarely blue; leaflets in many pairs, oblong-lanceolate, not silky-canescent.—Arctic
regions to Labrador, Maine, and in the Rocky Mts. to Colorado. See page 77.

5. O. LAMBERTI, Pursh. Pod coriaceous, sometimes nearly cartilaginous, erect, oblong- or elongated-
cylindric, over 1’ long, 2-3” broad, nearly 2-celled ; scapes 6-12’ high ; flowers 8-12" long, spicate, purple,
violet, ochroleucous or white; leaflets in many pairs, lanceolate, oblong, or linear, hoary-silky, as also the
calyx; stipules mostly very hirsute or woolly.—From the Saskatchewan to Texas and New Mexico, and
west to the Rocky Mts. and Washington Territory.

6. O. Nana, Nutt. Caspitose, much-divided ; scapes 2-3’ high; leaves very-crowded, more hoary-
silky; leaflets 3-4 pairs; flowers 9-12, capitate, rather large, blue; pod not known.—Rocky Mts. of
N. Colorado, (Nuttall,) and Montana.

* * Leaflets mostly somewhat verticillate.

7. O. SPLENDENS, Dougl. Silvery silky-villous, 6-12’ high; leaflets 3-6 together, usually 5-10” long;
flowers erect-spreading, blue; pods ovate, erect—From Nebraska to Bear River in British America and
west into the Rocky Mts. :

§ 4. MONTANA. Pod thinly coriaceous, oblong or cylindrical-elongated, somewhat half-2-celled by
the impression of the ventral suture, shortly stipitate or nearly sessile. Caulescent or subacaules-
cent, with scapelike peduncles; upper stipules at least adnate, but only at base; leaflets crowded ;
flowers bright-blue, spicate or capitate, rather small with a short calyx-tube, spreading ; pods
usually spreading or deflexed.

8, O. DEFLEXA, DC. From the Saskatchewan to the Rocky Mts. and N. Colorado.

HORKELIA.

With the following genus Ivesia, as arranged by Dr. Gray in Proc. Amer. Acad., Vol. VI, pp. 528-532,
(1866,) but with the addition of several more recent species.

* Leaflets somewhat rounded, or cuneate, dentate and incised.

(a.) The accessory calyx-segments equaling the true ones or nearly conformed to them ; cymes with

subleafy bracts, the alar flowers upon longer pedicels.

1. H. Catrrorntca, Ch. & Sch. Villous-pubescent or sometimes silky, somewhat viscid above, 3-2°
high; stipules incised or mostly entire; calyx-lobes large, triangular-lanceolate, the accessory ones
ovate-oblong, or sometimes lanceolate-ovate, occasionally bifid or toothed at the apex ; petals oblong or
obovate-oblong, shorter than or equaling the calyx.—California.

(b.) Accessory lobes much smaller than the true ones.
2. H. paRvirtora, Nutt. Tomentose; stem leafy; upper leaflets cuneiform; flowers small, petals

spatulate. See page 89.
3. H. caprrava, Lindl. Somewhat glabrous, the stem viscid-pubescent toward the top ; upper leaf-
448 BOTANY.

lets oblong and attenuate at base; stipules entire or 3-parted ; flowers in dense heads, shorter than the
laciniate bracts; accessory lobes lanceolate-subulate, shorter than the broadly-cuneiform petals.—
Oregon.

4. H. Botanpent, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad. 7. 338. Low, cespitose (?) or prostrate from a woody-
tufted caudex; leaves villous-hoary with a soft dense pubescence; leaflets palmately 3-5-cleft; stipules
narrow-linear, entire; flowering stems 3-5’ long; cymes small, dense; calyx deeply 5-cleft, the accessory
lobes oblong, about half-shorter than the broader true ones; petals obovate, scarcely unguiculate ; fila-
ments lanceolate.——Clear Lake, California, (Bolander.)

* * Leaflets narrow, lobed or deeply incised, the lobes or segments linear; stipules laciniate or pec-

tinate ; accessory calyx-lobes linear or subulate; cymes at length perfect, many-flowered.

5. H. Frusca, Lindl. Subviscid-pubescent, 2-3° high; leaves at length glabrate; leaflets cuneate-ob-
long, incised; accessory lobes linear, much shorter and smaller than the triangular-lanceolate true ones ;
petals narrowly cuneate, obcordate.—Oregon, (Douglas. )

6. H. conersta, Hook. Villous-bearded, nearly glabrous above, 1-2° high; leaflets narrow ; cune-
ate, incised chiefly at apex; accessory lobes lanceolate, much shorter and smaller than the triangular
true ones; petals broadly obovate or rounded, with a narrow claw.—S. Oregon ; N. California.

7. H. renvmLona, Gray. Villous-canescent ; leaflets 3-4” long, cuneate in outline, deeply palmately
4-8-parted, the middle sinus often the deepest, the lobes linear; accessory calyx-segments linear, about
equaling the lanceolate true ones; petals 3” long, narrowly oblong-spatulate, not unguiculate, emargi-
nate; filaments lanceolate.—St. Rosa Creek, California. :

IVESIA.

* Flowers yellow, crowded at the top of the scape; stamens 5-10; leaves mostly radical.

1. I. Gorpony, T. & G. Mostly viscid-pubescent, 3-8 high; calyx turbinate; stamens 5; receptacie
long-villous. See page 90.

2. I. LycopopiorpEs, Gray. Dwarf, 14-3’ high, nearly glabrous; leaves 1’ long, czespitose-crowded
upon the thick caudex, the quasi-verticillate pinne densely crowded, the very small leaflets 5-7-divided,
the obovate-rounded segments rather thick, imbricated around the rachis; scape capitately 3-5-flow-
ered; stamens 5, (sometimes 10-15;) receptacle long-villous, (but less so, and calyx more shallow ;)
carpels 5-10.—Mt. Dana and Bear Mt., California; alpine.

3. L.pyema@a, Gray. With the habit of the last, but minutely glandular; leaflets less crowded, the
oblong segments bristle-tipped ; bracts and calyx sparingly hirsute; stamens 10; receptacle short-hairy
in the shallow calyx; carpels 7-15.—Sierras of California; alpine.

* * Flowers white, with 15-20 stamens; stems slender, more leafy ; cymes panicled; leaves white-

woolly or glabrous, often terete with the imbricated leaflets ; filaments very slender.

4. I. Picxrrineu, Torr. White-woolly, 1° high; leaves at first terete, the leaflets at length slightly
spreading, 3-5-parted or cut, the segments oblong; pedicels shorter than the calyx, which is obconic-
campanulate in fruit; accessory calyx-lobes ovate-lanceolate ; stamens 20, in 3 rows; anthers mucron-
ulate; carpels 4~6.—California or Oregon, (Wilkes.)

5. I. Kineu, 8. Watson. Resembling the last; glabrous and glaucous, excepting the subpubescent
calyx and elongated pedicels. See page 91.

6. I. SANTOLINOIDES, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad. 6.531, and 7. 339. A span to 18’ high, white-woolly ;
leaves terete, the very small 3-5-parted leaflets very closely imbricated upon the rachis, the segments
oval, obtuse; cyme at length effuse, very much branched, the branchlets and pedicels (3-6' long) capil-
lary; calyx-tube cup-shaped, twice longer than its lobes, the accessory segments small, ovate; flowers
small, scarcely 3’ broad, the petals orbicular, sessile; stamens 15, one before each true calyx-lobe and
two before each petal; filaments capillary, equaling the calyx; anthers didymous, not apiculate; carpel
solitary upon the very woolly receptacle, subreniform-globose, utricular, filling the connivent fruiting
calyx.—Sierras of California.

* * * Somewhat anomalous and diverse species.

7. I. unauicuLats, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad.'7.339. Loosely villous, about 1° high; leaflets very
numerous, 2-3’ long, quasi-verticillate, lax, mostly twice-2-parted, the segments linear; stipules spar-
ingly laciniate or entire; flowers clustered in short-peduncled cymes, the pedicels very short; calyx 3’
long, deeply cleft, the accessory lobes linear, nearly equaling the very acute triangular-lanceolate true
ones; petals 2" long, broad-cuneate with long slender claws; stamens about 15, the filaments filiform-
subulate ; carpels 5-8; receptacle sparingly villous.—Yosemite Valley.

8. 1. tripentaTa, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad. 7. 338, (Horkelia, Torr.) Very softly villous ; stems
APPENDIX. 449

about 1° high, spreading or erect, slender, naked at top ; younger leaves silvery-silky, the older subgla-
brate; leaflets 5-11, somewhat scattered, oblong-cuneate, mostly 3-toothed at the apex; stipules spar-
ingly laciniate or subentire; cymes peduncled, crowded, the developed pedicel equaling the flower;
accessory lobes of the campanulate calyx linear, equaling the tube, shorter than the very acute true
ones ; petals white, shortly clawed; stamens 10; carpels 5-10; receptacle villous.—Sierras.

9. I. Barteys, 8. Watson. Viscidly-pubescent; leaflets 3-10 pairs, broadly cuneate-ovate, 3-7-toothed
or parted; flowers yellow, in an open panicle; stamens 5; carpels 1-5. See page 90.

 

LITHOPHRAGMA.

As revised by Dr. Gray in Proc. Amer. Acad., Vol. VI, p. 533, (1865.) Referred by Bentham &
Hooker to Tellima as a section, which genus includes the additional species T. grandiflora, Dougl.
* Lamina of the petals 3-7-parted, the segments narrow; leaves all parted or the lowest lobed ;
the root and sometimes the stem bearing bulblets.

1. L. GLABRA, Nutt. Small, glabrous; raceme and axils of the leaves often bulbiferous; pedicels
exceeding the puberulent campanulate calyx; ovary adnate to the calyx only at base; seeds muricu-
late.—Oregon, N. California, and Colorado.

2. L. TENELLA, Nutt. Low, glandular-hirsute; petals 2’ long, irregularly 5-7-cleft. See page 95.

3. L. PARVIFLORA, Nutt. Larger, scabrous, calyx glandular; petals much exserted, 5-cleft. See
page 94.

“ * Lamina of the petals dilated, 3-lobed, rarely entire; radical leaves reniform-rounded, somewhat
undivided or crenate-lobed, the upper 3-5-cleft or parted ; bulblets none; flowers rather large.

4, L. arrinis, Gray. Scabrous-roughened, 1-14° high; flowers moderately pedicelled ; tube of the
very densely glandular-roughish calyx turbinate, adherent to the ovary nearly to its apex; styles gran-
ulose; petals very much dilated, 4-6” long, 3-lobed at the apex, the middle lobe occasionally laciniate-
toothed ; seeds smooth.—California.

5, L. HETEROPHYLLA, Gray. About 1° high; pedicels very short; calyx broad-campanulate, less
roughened, in fruit quasi-truncate at base; ovary free; styles glabrous; petals 3-lobed ; seeds muricu-
late.—California.

6. L. BoLanDERI, Gray. Larger, 1-2° high, hirsutish-scabrous; leaves often 1-2’ broad; racemes
elongated, many-flowered; pedicels very short or half-shorter than the broad-campanulate calyx, which
in fruit is abrupt at base; ovary nearly free; petals white, 3-4” long, usually entire, sometimes slightly
3-lobed or with a tooth on each side; styles very short and glabrous; seeds muriculate-scabrous.—
California.

7. L. Cympararia, T. & G. Slender, glabrous; stem scape-like, 6-14’ high, 4~7-flowered ; leaves
4-8" broad, the cauline a single pair or nearly obsolete; calyx campanulate, acute at base, shorter than
the pedicels; ovary adherent at base; petals 3-4” long, spatulate or oblong, entire ; seeds muriculate-
scabrous.—S8. California.

ANTIRRHINUM.

As arranged by Dr. Gray in Proc. Amer. Acad., Vol. VII, pp. 372-377, (1867.)
$1. ORONTIUM, Benth. Annual erect herbs; leaves entire, the lowest opposite; capsule ovoid or
globose, unequal; seeds compressed, smooth and carinate on the back, cyathiferous on the inner
face.

1. A. cyaTurreruM, Benth. Leaves petioled, ovate or broad-lanceolate ; flowers 4” long, in nearly
all the axils.—Lower California.

2. A, CONFERTIFLORUM, Benth. Viscid-pubescent, branched at base, rigid, 6’ high ; leaves subses-
sile, linear or lanceolate, the floral ones 1-2/ long, the lower shorter and broader; flowers 7-8” long, sub-
sessile, crowded in a leafy spike; calyx-segments shorter than the broad corolla-tube; limb of corolla
ample; seeds black.—California, (Coulter.) Dr. Gray thinks it probably Mohavea viscida.

57
450 BOTANY.

§ 2. S#RorHINUM, Gray. Palate prominently protruded, not closing the throat or scarcely ; fila-
ments more or less dilated at top; capsule unequal; seeds as in Antirrhinastrum, Annual herbs
mostly with alternate leaves, strict, or diffuse and bearing filiform often twining branchlets; pedi-
cels short or none; flowers nearly always small. “Californian, excepting 4. Kingit.

* Stems erect, strict, simple or simply branched at base, with axillary flowers from the base to the
top, without branchlets; leaves oblong-linear, obtuse, somewhat petioled, similar, mostly exceed-
ing the small nearly sessile flowers; calyx subequal, segments linear; capsule beaked by the
rigid subulate style. :

3. A. CORNUTUM, Benth. Viscid-villous, subglandulose, about 1° high, branched at base; corolla-
tube longer than the calyx and its lips, the sac prominent and scrotiform ; filaments all obliquely obo-
vate-dilated above; style a little longer than the capsule; seeds echinulate-favose.——Sacramento Valley,
(1888 Hartweg.)

4, A. LEPTALEUM, Gray. Viscid-villous, scarcely at all glandular; stem 14° high, very simple or
sparingly branched at base; corolla apparently white, the tube 23” long, scarcely exceeding the calyx,
about equaling the lips, upper lip deeply bifid, the nearly equal lobes obovate, slightly erose-crenulate ;
sac narrow, scrotiform; the longer filaments obliquely obovate-dilated above, the shorter scarcely
dilated; style about equaling the capsule; seeds rugose-pitted.

* ® Flowers more densely spicate, exceeding the diminished floral leaves; leaves narrow, mostly

sessile; stems erect, branched, with twining branchlets in A. Coulterianum.

5. A. VirGa, Gray. Glabrous; stem very simple, strict, over 2° high; cauline leaves very narrowly
linear, suberect, the floral ones small, subulate-setaceous, equaling the calyx; racemes spike-like,
virgate, densely flowered, about 1/ long; flowers secund, at length horizontal; corolla }/ long, the
cylindric tube twice longer than the lips and the scarcely unequal ovate-lanceolate to subulate calyx-
segments, sac mammeform, palate bearded, lobes very short; filaments viscid-hirsute, the longer ones
especially with the dilated apex broader than the anthers.—191 Bridges.

6. A. GLANDULOSUM, Lindl. Tall, very viscid throughout with glandular hairs, widely branched;
leaves lanceolate, the floral ones little shorter than the flower; racemes spike-like; corolla rose-colored,
over 6” long, the broad tube a little longer than the equal lips and the unequal broad-lanceolate calyx-
segments; filaments alike, slightly dilated upward ; style long; seeds fimbrillate-pitted.

7. A. COULTERIANUM, Benth. Stem slender, 2-4° high, glabrous, erect or climbing ; leaves glabrous,
linear or the lower oblong, subpetioled, the floral ones minute; raceme spike-like, crowded, viscid-pilose,
usually glandular; corolla-tube a little exceeding the calyx-segments, sac large and mammeform, the
lower lip very large, twice longer than the tube, the upper small, very spreading, bifid; filaments
dilated upward ; style persistent, half shorter than the capsule ; seeds pitted.—8. California.

* * * Flowers scattered along the diffuse branches, and usually with filiform sometimes twisted and
prehensile branchlets from the same axils; leaflets petioled, mostly exceeding the flowers; calyx
unequal, the upper sepal larger. :

(a.) Peduncles longer than the calyx; flaments gradually dilated upward.

8, A. NuTTaLLianum, Benth. Viscid-pubescent ; leaves ovate or the lowest subcordate, the upper
floral ones shorter than the flower; calyx-segments subovate, the upper nearly nerveless, moderately
larger than the rest, little shorter than the tube of the violet (4-5 long) corolla; lips longer than the
tube, the upper suberect, emarginate-2-lobed, equaling the palate; seeds longitudinally undulate-cos-
tate.—S. California. .

(b.) Peduncles shorter than the calyx; filaments obliquely spatulate-dilated above; calyx hirsute

with long loose hairs.

9, A. BREWERI, Gray. Finely viscid-pubescent ; branches very slender; leaves ovate- or oblong-
lanceolate, obtusish, the upper retuse, the highest shorter than the flower, (in Var. OVALIFOLIUM oval,
retuse, the upper emarginate, on the branches small and rounded ;) calyx-segments linear or linear-
lanceolate, (or oblong,) the upper slightly broader, sub-l-nerved, a little shorter than the corolla-tube ;
corolla 5-6” long, pale-violet, upper lip small, nearly 2-parted, the lobes oblong, divergent; seeds irreg-
ularly tuberculate.—N. California.

10. A. vaGans, Gray. Hirsute with spreading rather rigid sometimes glandular hairs, or glabrate ;
leaves lanceolate or oblong, sometimes linear or rounded on the branches 3; calyx-segments very unequal,
the upper narrow- or broad-oblong, (sometimes broad-oval,) very obtuse, 3-5-nerved, equaling the corolla-
tube, the rest linear; corolla 6-8" long, purple (?), sac ample, upper lip 2-lobed, equaling the palate;
seeds irregularly tuberculate. See page 216, and Plate XXI. ;

11. A. Kineu, 8. Watson. Flowers and fruit half as large: a i i
the short straight style. See page 215, and Plate XXI, Don ene ee ee nee
APPENDIX. 451

§ 3. MAURANDELLA, Gray. Corolla with the prominent palate scarcely or not at all closing the
throat; filaments scarcely dilated upward; capsule nearly equal; seeds nearly as in Antirrhinas-
trum. Herbs, usually climbing by flexuous or tendril-like peduncles or petioles; leaves mostly
alternate,

* Annuals, climbing by the elongated peduncles only or erect, pilose at base, otherwise glabrous ;
leaves entire, with short straight petioles or none.

12. A. STRICTUM, Gray. Stem erect, 1-2° high; leaves lanceolate, 14-24’ long, the floral ones linear ;
peduncles 2’ long, filiform, flexuous, scattered racemose; corolla violet, / long, the palate hairy ; capsule
ovoid-globose, crustaceous, tipped with the long rigid style, a little exceeding the broad-lanceolate
calyx-segments; seeds rugose-muricate.—S. California.

13. A. rivipgs, Gray. Slender, diffuse ; leaves lanceolate, or the lowest obovate, repand, attenuate
into the petiole; peduncles capillary, very long, cirrhose-twisted ; flowers very small, “ white ;” capsule
globose.—Colorado Desert, (Newberry.)

14, A. Coorrrti, Gray. Slender, very much branched, climbing, 3-4° high; leaves linear or linear-
lanceolate, attenuate into a short petiole; peduncles 2-3’ long, capillary, coiled, the upper racemose
along the filiform naked branches; corolla yellow, 6” long, the ample palate hairy, somewhat closing
the throat; capsule globose; seeds muriculate on the ventral side, and with 3-4 thick subcorky ridges
on the back.—Ft. Mohave, (Cooper.)

* * Perennial, climbing by prehensile petioles and peduncles; leaves cordate-hastate, angled.

15. A. MAURANDIOIDES, Gray. Texas, Arizona, and Mexico.

§ 4. GAMBELIA, Gray. Corolla tubular, slightly gibbous at base, the rather prominent palate not
closing the throat, lips short, the upper erect and bifid, the lower with three spreading lobes; fila-
ments scarcely dilated above; capsule equal. Shrubs or undershrubs of Southern California,
erect; leaves opposite or ternate-verticillate, often subalternate, entire, the uppermost reduced ;
“peduncles axillary, rather long.

16. A. SPECIOSUM, Gray. Leaves oval or oblong, 1’ long or less, short-petioled; corolla nearly 1’

long, reddish or scarlet, the narrow tube thrice the length of the lips——Catalina Island.

17. A. JuNcEUM, Gray. Flowers and leaves smaller, the uppermost reduced to minute scales,

PENTSTEMON.

The following synopsis is condensed, with little change, from that of Dr. Gray in Proc. Amer. Acad.,
Vol. VI, pp. 56-76, (1862.) Mexican species are omitted.

Sect. I. EUPENTSTEMON, Gray. Anther-cells becoming divaricate or divergent, dehiscent to the

base, (scarcely so in P. baccharifolius,) more or less united at the summits. §§ 1-6.

§ 1. ERIANTHERA, Benth. Shrubby or suffruticose, much branched; leaves thick-coriaceous,
rather small; inflorescence strictly racemose; corolla violet or purple, slightly bilabiate, throat
dilated; anthers densely woolly, the cells opening to the top and becoming peltate.—N. W.
America.

1. P. Menzrmsi1, Hook. Very variable; leaves obovate-oblong to long-lanceolate, serrate or entire ;
calyx-lobes from ovate to narrowly lanceolate-acuminate ; sterile filament strongly bearded or almost
naked. See page 216.

§ 2. FRUTICOSI, Gray. Shrubby or suffruticose, tall, branched, branchlets often herbaceous; leaves
coriaceous, rather small, subpetioled ; flowers numerous, panicled, bilabiate, the upper lip more
or less arched, the lower deflexed or spreading; anthers glabrous, dehiscent to the top and expand-
ing.—Mostly Californian.

* Corolla short, deeply bilabiate, ringent, yellowish, the lips equaling or a little exceeding the tube ;
leaves narrowed at base.

2, P. MICROPHYLLUS, Gray. Puberulent; the fascicled leaves 2” long.—Arizona ; little known.

3. P. ANTIRRHINOIWES, Benth. Subcinereous, almost glabrous, much branched, leaves spatulate-
lanceolate or oblong, entire; peduncles 2-leaved, usually 1-flowered ; sepals round-ovate; corolla yellow,
naked; lips ample; sterile filament densely bearded.

4, P. BREVIFLORUS, Benth. Glabrous; leaves serrulate ; corolla bearded ; sterile filament glabrous,

See page 217.
452 BOTANY.

* * Corolla long-cylindric, mostly scarlet, lobes short, the upper erect, subincurved, the lower spread-
ing, 3-parted.

5. P. TerNATus, Torr. Shrubby, glabrous; leaves linear-lanceolate, verticillate in threes, denticu-
late; sepals lance-ovate; corolla 1’ long; sterile filament strongly bearded throughout.

6. P. corymBosus, Benth. Decumbent; leaves oblong, narrow at base, obtuse, subentire, pubes-
cent; cyme corymbose; sepals linear-lanceolate ; sterile filament glabrous or sparingly bearded.

7. P. corDIFoLius, Benth. Sarmentose or climbing, pruinose-puberulent or glabrate; leaves ovate
and obtuse at base or subcordate, often denticulate or dentate; sepals ovate-lanceolate ; corolla over 1’
long ; sterile filament densely bearded.

§ 3. AMBIGUI, Gray. Subshrubby; leaves coriaceous; inflorescence panicled; corolla scarlet, di-

lated above, lips short, the upper suberect, the lower 3-parted, reflexed ; anthers glabrous, reniform,
cells not dehiscing to the base and not expanding.

8. P. BACCHARIFOLIUS, Hook. W. Texas.

§ 4. ELMIGERA, Reich. Herbaceous, mostly glabrous; leaves entire, the cauline sessile, lanceolate
or linear; flowers scarlet, in loose virgate panicles, tubular; anthers glabrous; cells not dehiscent
to the apex and not expanding ; sterile filament naked.

9. P. BARBATUS, Nutt. Tall; flowers numerous, strongly bilabiate, lower lip deflexed and usually
bearded; anther-cells widely divaricate—Mexico. Var. Torrey, Gray. Throat of the corolla less
bearded or naked, the lips (especially the upper) a little longer.—Colorado to New Mexico.

§ 5. SPECIOSI, Gray. Herbs, glabrous, (except P. Frémontii ;) leaves entire, the cauline sessile ;
flowers blue to purple or violet, in a thyrsoid panicle, broad ventricose above, slightly 2-lipped with
equally spreading rounded lobes; anthers hairy or glabrous, the divaricate cells not dehiscent to
the apex and not expanding.

10. P. GLabeR, Pursh. Leaves glaucous, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate ; sepals broad-ovate, blunt
or more or less acuminate, the margin submembranous; sterile filament bearded or glabrous. See
page 217.

11. P. cyanantruus, Hook. Leaves cordate, ovate, acuminate; thyrse short and dense. See
page 217.

12. P. srrictus, Benth. Subglaucous, virgate and slender; leaves long-linear; panicle narrow with
much smaller flowers ; sepals short, obtuse ; anthers very hairy—Wyoming ; little known.

13. P. Fr&monti, T. & G. Pruinose-puberulent; lower leaves spatulate, the cauline sessile, lance-
olate; panicle naked, spicate ; sepals oblong-ovate, acute, membranous-margined ; corolla narrow-funnel-
form ; anthers and sterile filament sparingly bearded. See page 218.

§ 6. GENUINI, Gray. Herbaceous; corolla only moderately or scarcely bilabiate, the lips or lobes

usually spreading; anthers glabrous or the valves only ciliate, the cells dehiscent the whole length
and usually expanding.

* Glabrous and glaucous, (P. ceruleus excepted ;) leaves entire, coriaceous, the cauline sessile or
clasping ; inflorescence thyrsoid, virgate, the peduncles mostly very short, 3-several-flowered ;
corolla dilated above, scarcely bilabiate, with flat spreading lobes.

(a.) Flowers blue, not 1’ long; sterile filament usually dilated above, yellow-bearded.

14. P. cHRuLevs, Nutt. Very low, usually puberulent above; leaves linear-lanceolate; sepals lance-
olate, acuminate, margins commonly ciliolate and membranous. See page 218.

15. P. acuminaTus, Dougl. 14° high or less; cauline leaves lanceolate to subcordate, rigid ; thyrse
elongated ; corolla 6-10” long ; sepals ovate or lanceolate ; capsule very sharply acuminate. See page 218.

16. P. srcUNDIFLORUS, Benth. 1° high or less; cauline leaves narrowly lanceolate ; cymes more
loose and flowers secund.—Rocky Mts. Referred by Dr. Gray to the last species, but now regarded as
probably distinct.

(b.) Corolla 14/ long; upper leaves especially rounded and clasping or perfoliate ; cymelets 2-5-flow-
ered with no common peduncle; sepals not acuminate; sterile filament with the hooked apex
slightly dilated.

17. P. GRANDIFLORUS, Nutt. 3° high; leaves distinct; pedicels short; corolla blue, abruptly in-
flated ; sterile filament scarcely bearded.— Wisconsin to Kansas.

18. P. Murrayanus, Hook. 2-3° high; upper and floral leaves connately orbicular ; pedicels slen-
der ; corolla red, gradually dilated ; sterile filament glabrous.—E. Texas; Arkansas.

(c.) Corolla about 1’ long, red or scarlet; leaves below oblong, above subovate or lanceolate, clasp-
ing ; usually tall,
APPENDIX. 453

19. P. CENTRANTINFOLIUS, Benth. Sepals broad-ovate; corolla crimson, tubular, scarcely dilated,
with a short equal limb; sterile filament glabrous. See page 219.
20. P. PUNICEUS, Gray. Cymelets rather dense; sepals ovate or oblong; corolla bright scarlet, 1/

long or less, tubular, the throat slightly dilated, lobes broad, rounded, subequal; sterile filament bearded
at top.—Arizona and Sonora.

21. P. Wricutu, Hook. Panicle loosely virgate, cymelets few-flowered ; sepals oblong, the tips
spreading ; corolla less than 1’ long, bright rose-red, ventricose above, with broad rounded wide-spread
lobes ; sterile filament densely long-bearded.—W. Texas, Arizona.

* * Glabrous, subglaucous, tall; leaves crowded, oblong or ovate-lanceolate, coriaceous, the upper
connate; panicle loose, elongated, cymelets 3-9-flowered and peduneled ; corolla 1’ long, blue-pur-
ple, inflated above, bilabiate with very broad and spreading lobes; sterile filament glabrous.

22, P. SPECTABILIS, Thurb. W. Texas to California.

** * Glabrous or nearly so; leaves pinnately parted with narrow-linear segments ; panicle loose j
corolla purple, not 1’ long, dilated above, lobes subequal; sterile filament bearded at top.

23, P. DissECTUS, Ell. Georgia.

** * * Glabrous or pruinose- or viscid-puberulent; leaves filiform-subulate, linear or linear-spatu-
late, entire; flowers in a simple raceme or loose virgate panicle. ;

(a.) Inflorescence strictly racemose; corolla scarcely bilabiate.
(1.) Leaves almost filiform, glabrous.

24, P. Laricirotius, H. & A. 6/ high, cespitose; leaves crowded at base; flowering stems slender,
simple; raceme 4-8-flowered ; corolla 4’ long, purple, tube dilated above; sterile filament bearded.—
8. Idaho.

25. P. amBicuus, Torr. 1-2° high, woody at base, paniculately branched ; lower leaves linear, nar-
rowed at base; racemes loose; corolla 5-8” long, purplish-white, the limb broad and spreading, the tube
but little dilated and bearded in the throat; sterile filament glabrous, at times antheriferous.—Colorado
to New Mexico and Arizona.

(2.) Leaves linear-lanceolate or linear-spatulate, puberulent or pruinose-pubescent ; stems woody at

base.

26. P. GAIRDNERI, Hook. Much branched at base, a span high ; pedicels short, somewhat opposite ;
sepals glandular-viscid; corolla 4/ long; sterile filament bearded.—Washington Territory.

27. P. DASYPHYLLUS, Gray. Stem subsimple; raceme loosely few-flowered, the pedicels alternate ;
corolla purplish-blue, nearly 14’ long; sterile filament glabrous.—Arizona and New Mexico.

(b.) Peduncles mostly 2-5-flowered, forming a racemose or virgate panicle; sepals ovate ; stems erect,

usually simple.

(1.) Stems 2-3° high; peduncles opposite, elongated, 2-5-flowered, in a rather loose panicle; corolla
blue, (or purple,) 14’ long, dilated above.

28. P. sTENOPHYLLUS, Gray. Glabrous; leaves linear, the lower ones 3-4’ long; sterile filament

glabrous.—Mexico, Arizona.

(2.) Stems $-14° high, usually very minutely pruinose-puberulent ; peduncles and pedicels short ;
corolla purple, short-bilabiate, over 4/ long, much dilated above.

29. P. virGatus, Gray. Very simple at base; leaves 14-4’ long, linear or linear-lanceolate ; pedun-

cles mostly opposite in a very narrow elongated panicle; sterile filament glabrous.—New Mexico.

30. P. LINARIOIDES, Gray. Many-stemmed from a woody base, very leafy; leaves 1’ long or less,
spatulate-linear to subulate; peduncles alternate; panicle narrow, subsecund; palate and sterile fila-
ment bearded._New Mexico and Arizona.

(c.) Flowers axillary upon the cespitose-depressed branches, which are leafy to the summit.

31. P. caspitosus, Nutt. Flowers secund, 6-9” long. See page 219.

* * * * * Pruinose- or viscid-pubescent, or with serrate leaves, or with an interrupted panicle of
densely-flowered cymelets; inflorescence usually thyrsoid; corolla never red or scarlet.

(a.) Sterile filament longitudinally yellow-bearded; corolla campanulate or broad funnelform above,
slightly bilabiate.

(1.) Leaves lanceolate, subentire, the upper ones at least and the flowers viscid-pubescent; panicle
strict, with short appressed peduncles.

32. P. puminus, Nutt. Dwarf, few-flowered, the cauline leaves a little narrowed at base; corolla

somewhat glabrous.—S, Idaho.
454 BOTANY,

33. P. acpipus, Nutt. 1° high; leaves often oblong- or ovate-lanceolate; the spicate panicle sub-
verticillately interrupted ; sepals lanceolate, very viscid-pubescent ; corolla 2’ long, purplisl-white, mod-
erately dilated, the limb beardless; beard of the sterile filament rather short, subinterrupted.—Upper
Missouri to W. Texas.

34. P. crisratus, Nutt. Sepals attenuate, very hirsute; corolla 1’ long, violet, broadly dilated, the
lower lip and sterile filament long-bearded. See page 219.

35. P. James, Benth. 4/-1° high, puberulent; leaves linear-lanceolate, often denticulate, rigid ;
cymelets 3-4-flowered in a spicate panicle; sepals viscid-puberulent; corolla 1’ long or more; pale purple,
abruptly campanulate above, the lip and sterile filament less bearded.—Colorado to New Mexico and
Texas.

(2.) Leaves broader, usually serrate, the cauline mostly clasping; panicle usually naked, loose-

flowered.

36. P. Copzxa, Nutt. 1-2° high, viscid-puberulent; leaves ovate or oblong, sharply serrate or den-
ticulate; the few-flowered panicle and oblong scarcely acute sepals viscid-pubescent ; corolla 2’ long,
purplish-white, abruptly campanulate above, glabrous within; sterile filament bearded.—Kansas to
Texas.

37. P. Patent, Gray. 2-5° high, glaucous; leaves ovate or oblong-lanceolate, sharply toothed ;
panicle glandular-puberulent; sepals ovate, smoothish ; corolla 1} long, very broad campanulate above ;
sterile filament densely bearded. See page 220.

38. P. DIGITALIS, Nutt. 3-5° high, usually glabrous except the viscid flowers; leaves 3-6’ long,
lanceolate or the upper ovate-lanceolate, serrulate; corolla white, over 1/ long, dilated above the narrow
tube, the lobes short; sterile filament sparingly bearded.—Georgia and Florida.

39. P. TUBIFLORUS, Nutt. Slender; corolla tubular-funnelform ; filament less bearded.—Arkansas.

(b.) Sterile filament longitudinally yellow-bearded, at least along the dilated apex; corolla less di-
lated, (except P. glaucus,) more evidently bilabiate ; inflorescence not in crowded clusters.—Kast
of the Sierras.

(1.) Many-flowered ; the naked panicle thyrsoid or racemose, the peduncles usually 3-several-flow-
ered ; leaves sharply serrulate or subentire, the upper bract-like; upper lip commonly slightly
shorter.

40. P, puBEScENs, Soland. 1-3° high, viscid-pubescent or nearly glabrous; leaves lanceolate ; co-
rolla purplish-white, a little dilated above, slightly obcompressed, with two folds under the lower lip, the
throat somewhat closed ; sterile filament densely long-bearded._From Canada and the Saskatchewan to
Florida and Texas.

41. P. HumILIs, Nutt. Low and subglabrous; thyrse more strict; corolla deep-blue, #/ long; throat
dilated and without folds. See page 220. 2

42. P, GLaucus, Grah. Glabrous, except the viscid-pubescent inflorescence ; corolla 1/ long, ventri-
cose above the base, without folds. See page 221.

43. P. Hatt, Gray. Dwarf; stems numerous; glabrous except the very minutely glandular inflo-
rescence; leaves entire, linear-spatulate or linear; raceme simple, 4-10-flowered, with short pedicels ;
sepals ovate or oblong with scarious and often erose margins; corolla deep-blue, about 1/ long, ventri-
cose-campanulate above the short base, the lips short; sterile filament short-bearded.—Colorado.

(2.) 2-3-flowered ; stems leafy to the summit; peduncles 1-flowered.

44. P. Harnourt, Gray. Dwarf; stems many, pruinose-puberulent; leaves entire, ovate or oblong,
obtuse ; sepals viscid-pubescent, not scarious; corolla 7-9’ long, purple, the tube slightly dilated, throat
and sterile filament bearded.—Colorado.

(¢.) Sterile filament bearded at the top; corolla bilabiate, the tube scarcely or not at all dilated ;

panicle interrupted, the cymelets crowded ; flowers 5-8", rarely 9-11” long.

(1.) Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, usually sharply dentate, the upper subcordate at base, clasp-
ing; sepals scarcely scarious on the margins; flowers less crowded.

45. P. ovatus, Dougl. Puberulent; leaves broad; sepals ovate or broad-lanceolate.—Oregon to

British Columbia.

46. P. prurnosus, Dougl. Pubescent; leaves cxsious; the often subverticillate inflorescence and

lanceolate acuminate sepals viscid-villous.—Oregon.

(2.) Leaves glabrous, usually entire, lanceolate or oblong; sepals scarious, at least on the margins ;
palate usually bearded ; the spike-like thyrse subverticillately interrupted.

47. P. atrENvATUS, Lindl. 14-2° high, leaves rarely few-toothed ; inflorescence villous or viscid-

pubescent ; cymes mostly short-peduncled ; sepals ovate-lanceolate, narrowly scarious; corolla over }
long.—N. Idaho.
4

APPENDIX. ABD

48. P. conrertus, Dougl. 4-14° high, glabrous, strict; flowers densely clustered, the upper cymes
nearly sessile; sepals broad-lanceolate or ovate, broad-scarious; corolla narrow, 5-6" long. See page 221.
(d.) Sterile filament (usually) glabrous.

(1.) Leaves serrate; panicle strict; flowers numerous, crowded ; corolla slightly bilabiate.

49. P. prustus, Dougl. Glabrous; leaves often serrate, oblong or lanceolate; corolla yellowish ;
sterile filament sometimes bearded. See page 221.

50. P. HETERANDER, T. & G. Calyx minutely puberulent; leaves sharply toothed, lanceolate or
linear-oblong ; cymelets subsessile in a slender interrupted spike-like panicle ; sepals lanceolate ; corolla
whitish ; sterile filament sometimes antheriferous.—California Sierras.

(2.) Leaves subentire ; pedicels 1-3-flowered, in a small loose panicle; corolla bilabiate.

51. P. WHIPPLEANUS, Gray. 1° high, the slender stem and thin ovate or oblong leaves glabrous; in-
florescence viscid-pilose; sepals linear-lanceolate, long-attenuate; corolla 1’ long, much dilated, the lower
lip bearded ; sterile filament glabrous, dilated and uncinate.—New Mexico.

Sect. Il. SACCANTHERA, Benth. Anthers sagittate or horseshoeform, the cells confluent at top and
dehiscent to the middle, saccate at base; inflorescence panicled; corolla violet or lilac-color, dilated
above, short-bilabiate—Extreme western species.

* Viscid-pubescent throughout; flowers large; leaves broad, subserrate, the upper ones cordate-
clasping.

52. P. eLanpuxosus, Lindi. Oregon.

* * Puberulent or glabrous; leaves sharply serrate or pinnatifid.

53. P. vENusTus, Doug]. Glabrous, erect; leaves rather broadly lanceolate, sharply dentate; the
thyrsoid panicle rather loose ; corolla 1’ long or more, the lobes ciliate; filaments and anthers sparingly
pilose or rarely glabrous.—Oregon.

54. P. pirrusus, Doug]. Puberulent; stems ascending; upper leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate,
subcordate-clasping, thickly serrate; panicle usually leafy, the cymelets crowded; corolla not 1’ long ;
anthers glabrous; sterile filament bearded at top.—Oregon to British Columbia.

55. P. Ricuarpsonu, Dougl. Nearly glabrous, usually with spreading branches; leaves ovate- or
natrow-lanceolate, incised or pinnatifid, often alternate on the branches; panicle loose; corolla 1’ long ;
sterile filament sparingly bearded at the top.—Oregon.

56. P. TRIPHYLLUS, Dougl. Nearly glabrous, branched ; leaves lanceolate or linear, few-toothed or
pinnatifid, rather rigid, the lower in threes or fours, opposite or alternate above; panicle loose, leafy ;
corolla 4’ long, slightly dilated; sterile filament densely bearded.—Oregon to British Columbia.

* * * Glabrous or glandular-puberulent ; leaves entire; filament flattened at the summit, glabrous

or nearly so; peduncles few, slender, 3-6-flowered.
(a.) Corolla }¥ long, slightly dilated; anthers glabrous, minutely denticulate on the margin.

57. P. GRACILENTUS, Gray. Leaves attenuate at base, the lower lanceolate, the upper linear. See
page 222.

(v.) Corolla 1’ long, scarlet, cylindric, slightly dilated; sepals and petals viscid-pubescent.

58. P. Briparsm, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad. 7.379. California.

(e.) Corolla 1’ long and more, broad-funnelform above, slightly bilabiate; anthers hirsute at base or
glabrous, short-ciliate on the margins.

59. P. HETEROPHYLLUS, Lindl. Glabrous or pruinose-puberulent; leaves narrowed at base ; pedun-

cles rarely 2-flowered ; corolla reddish-purple. See page 222.

60. P. Azureus, Benth. Glabrous, glaucous; leaves lanceolate, the lower spatulate-oblong, the
upper sessile and broad at base, often subcordate-ovate; panicle virgate; peduncles 1-3-flowered ; corolla
bright-blue with a reddish-purple base.—California.

61. P. Larus, Gray. About 1° high, ceesious-pruinose with a short soft glandular pubescence ; oth-
erwise resembling the last.—S. California.

62. P. Kinari, 8. Watson. Low, pruinose or glandular-pubescent, at least below ; leaves oblanceo-
late with a narrowed base; raceme secund; peduncles 1-4-flowered ; corolla 8” long, purple. See
page 222,

Uncertain species.
. TENELLUS, Kell. Proc. Calif. Acad. 1. 56.
. CARINATUS, Kell.; 1. u., 1. 62.
. CANOSOBARBATUM, Kell.; 1. ¢., 2. 15,
. ROSTRIFLORUM, Kell, ; 0.-¢., 2. 15,

sid
456 BOTANY.

CASTILLEIA.

Chiefly from the revision of the genus by Dr. Gray in the Amer. Jour. of Science, Voi. XXXIII, pp.
335-339, (1862.) Mexican species omitted.

§ 1. HEMICHROMA or EUCASTILLEIA. Calyx (often incurved) deeply cleft anteriorly, slightly
bifid behind, usually 4-toothed. (Root perennial.)

1. C. LINARLEFOLIA, Benth. Leaves long, linear; calyx-teeth subulate; galea elongated, much ex-
serted ; usually glabrous. See page 228.

2. C. taxa, Gray. Cinereous-pubescent; stems subdiffuse, branched ; leaves thin, linear-lanceolate,
2' long, 3’ wide, entire, not dilated at base; the floral shorter than the calyx, red above; flowers few,
crowded, short-pedicelled ; calyx very thin, colored, 1’ long, teeth short and obtuse; galea broad, slightly
falcate, 6-8” longer than the calyx, lobes of the lip very short, obtuse.—Arizona, (1490 Wright.)

§ 2. EUCHROMA. Calyx cleft both before and behind, the segments entire, emarginate or bifid.

* Root annual or biennial.
(a.) Leaves entire.

3. C. AFFINIS, H. & A. Flowers more or less pedicelled; calyx-segments narrow; galea elongated.
See page 228.

4. C. INDIVISA, Eng. Pilose-hispid ; cauline leaves linear-lanceolate, mostly rounded at base, the
floral ones obovate-dilated, rarely somewhat lobed ; flowers sessile ; calyx-segments broad, usually emar-
ginate; galea short and shortly exserted.—W. Texas.

(b.) Leaves laciniately cleft.

5. C. COCCINEA, Spreng. From N. England, Canada and the Saskatchewan to the upper districts of
the Southern States and Texas.

* * Root perennial.
(a.) Floral leaves more or less dilated above and colored.

(1.) Villous-pubescent, or glabrous below, the pubescence toward the top of the stem spreading-pilose

or hirsute, more usually viscid.

6. C. PARVIFLORA, Bong. Usually low, pilose or hirsute; leaves mostly trifid or pinnately laciniate,
the floral ones red or yellowish. See page 229.

7. C. pattipa, Kth. Taller, often glabrous or glabrate below; leaves linear to ovate-lanceolate,
mostly entire; floral leaves whitish or red. See page 229.

8, C. Latirotia, H. & A. Viscid-hirsute throughout, loosely branched; leaves short, obovate, very
obtuse, mostly entire, the floral ones dilated at the apex, 3-5-lobed, red; calyx-segments broad, 2-lobed
or emarginate; corolla small.—California. .

(2.) Tomentose, or with the pubescence upon the stem soft and entanged; cauline leaves linear,

entire or trifid.

(2%) Hoary; calyx-segments dilated, subentire.
9. C. FottoLosa, H. & A. Floccose-tomentose, the hairs very much branched; stems suffruticose,
with the older leaves sometimes becoming glabrous; galea slightly exserted beyond the spatulate-oblong
and usually retuse calyx-segments.—California.

10. C. nanaTa, Gray. Herbaceous; white-woolly with an appressed webby tomentum; flowers nearly
as in the last but larger.—W. Texas, New Mexico and Northern Mexico.

(2».) Cinereous-puberulent or subtomentose; calyx-segments most usually bifid; galea exserted;
leaves sometimes glabrous above.

11. C. intuGRA, Gray. Stem loosely tomentose ; leaves (usually slightly tomentose) all entire, or the
floral ones somewhat lobed, rarely trifid; flowers 1}/ long, the galea larger (6-8” long) and the lip shorter
than in the next; calyx 8-12” long, the lobes lanceolate.—Colorado to N. Texas, New Mexico and Arizona.

12, C. purPuREA, Don. Stem a little tomentose or cinereous; leaves puberulent or glabrate, the
upper ones usually entire and the floral ones trifid or laciniate; flowers 1’ long, the lip 2-2)” long, not
half the length of the galeaa—Arkansas, Texas, and E. New Mexico.

13. C. FLava, 8. Watson. Villous-pubescent, puberulent above ; leaves woolly pubescent, the floral
ones deeply 3-cleft, yellow ; galea 4” long, exserted ; lip very short. See page 230.

(b.) Leaves mostly 3-5-cleft with linear lobes, the floral ones not dilated nor colored 3 calyx equally
cleft or more deeply cleft in front, the segments deeply bifid; corolla-lip more trisaccate-carinate
than in the preceding, the lobes half as long as the galea; low, subyillous or subcinereous,
: APPENDIX. 457

14. C. sssiuivrors, Pursh. Calyx and corolla with a narrow clongated tube ; lip 3-parted, the lobes
linear-lanceolate ; corolla 2’ long, galea 4-6” in length.—Wisconsin and Illinois, west to the plains and
south to Louisiana, New Mexico, and Chihuahua. ;

15. C. BREVIFLORA, Gray. <A span high ; spikes dense, scarcely 1’ long in flower; calyx ovoid-oblong,
lobes lanceolate ; tube of the yellow corolla nearly included, the lower lip more 3-saccate, shortly 3-cleft,
the lobes oblong, obtuse.—Rocky Mountains of Colorado, alpine.

ORTHOCARPUS.

Based upon an examination of the specimens in the Herbariums of Dr. Gray, Dr. Torrey, and Prof.
Eaton, and a large recent collection made in California by Messrs. Kellogg and Haniford.

§ 1. Tripiysarri, Benth. Lip of the corolla 3-saccate, the teeth or appendages shorter than the
sacs.

* Anthers 1-celled.

1. O. PUSILLUS, Benth. 2-10’ high, slender, much branched, more or less hirsute; leaves setaceously
multifid, mostly # long, or less; spike interrupted; bracts exceeding the flowers, linear-lobed ; calyx-
teeth linear, exceeding the tube, about equaling the (24 long) yellowish glabrous corolla; sacs very
small and teeth nearly obsolete, galea uncinate ; the lower anthers smaller, abortive; capsule subglobose,
2” or less in length About San Francisco Bay ; Oregon, (Wilkes.)

2. O. FLORIBUNDUS, Benth. 3-15’ high, stouter, subglabrous, branched; leaves 1-2’ long, linear-
lanceolate, setaceously multifid at the apex; spikes dense; bracts shorter than the flowers, lobes linear,
entire; calyx 3” long, teeth broad, acute, shorter than the tube; corolla yellow, glabrous, 5-6’ long, the
sacs 14-2” broad, galea straight, obtusish ; stamens exserted, often nearly equal; capsule 2” long, oblong.—
About San Francisco Bay.

3. O. ERIANTHUS, Benth. 2-10' high, usually corymbosely much branched, puberulent ; leaves as in
the last, 1-3’ long ; spikes rather loose ; lobes of the bracts linear-laciniate, often entire; calyx 3-4” long,
often purplish, the ovate or lanceolate teeth shorter than the tube; corolla 8-12’ long, white, pink or
yellowish, tube pubescent, sacs 2} in diameter, glabrous with the folds often bearded within, the galea
purple, subulate, straight, rigidly erect ; capsule ovate, 3-4’ long.—California, from San Diego to Sacra-
mento River.

4, QO. FAUCIBARBATUS, Gray. Pac. R. R. Surv. 4.121. Resembling the last, but rather stouter and
glabrous, 6-16’ high and branching unequally along the stem; leaves usually broader; corolla more
usually yellow or yellowish, the sacs rather smaller, puberulent with the folds always bearded, the galea
less purple.—California, from San Francisco to the Klamath River.

a Anthers 2-celled.

5. O. Lacervs, Benth. Plant. Hartw. 329. 6-10’ high, branched, hirsute-pubescent or below glabrate ;
leaves 1-2’ long, linear or narrow-lanceolate, linear-lobed ; spikes short, dense ; bracts with entire linear
jobes; calyx 4” long, the linear or lanceolate lobes equaling the tube; corolla rose-colored, 8-10" long,
nearly as in 0. erianthus but the tube subglabrous and the lip puberulent.—California, from San Luis
Obispo to the Sacramento Valley.

6. O. campEsTRIS, Benth. Plant. Hartw. 329. 2-4' high, simple or somewhat branched; leaves 1’
long, mostly entire; spikes few-flowered; calyx pilose with spreading white hairs; lower anther-cely
minute; otherwise as in the last of which it is probably only a depauperate form.—Collected in the
lower Sacramento Valley by Frémont, Hartweg, and Rich.

7. O. GRACILIS, Benth. Subpubescent; stems very slender, 4-8’ high, simple or branched; leaves
linear, lobed at the apex, 4-1’ long; spike interrupted below ; bracts small, scarcely equaling the calyx ;
calyx 3” long, purplish, the lanceolate teeth shorter than the tube ; corolla 5-6’ long, purplish, pubes-
cent, the straight subulate. galea nearly twice longer than the lip, the teeth erect and lanceolate; capsule
2" long, oblong—Collected in California by Douglas. Specimens from Kellogg and Haniford, probably
the same, are more pilose, the corolla yellow, and the calyx green with narrow teeth.

8, O. LITHOSPERMOIDES, Benth. Stout and strict, 4'-2° high, hirsute-pubescent throughout, simple
or branched; leaves 1-2’ long, lanceolate or ovate, 3-nerved, coarsely lobed at the apex or the lower
entire; spike dense, 1-8’ long, the broad palmately lobed bracts equaling the corolla-tube ; calyx
6" long, the linear-lanceolate teeth nearly as long as the tube; corolla 8-12" long, yellow, puberulent, the

58
458 BOTANY. :

galea straight, acute, 3-4” long, but little exceeding the broad lip with its short acute teeth; capsule
3-4” long, ovate-oblong.—Middle California; frequent. 421 Fremont has purple flowers.

§ 2. ORTHOCARPUS, Benth. Lip concave with three folds or shallow sacs, the tecth very short ;
anthers 2-celled.
* Bracts 5-lobed.

Y. O. HISPIDUS, Benth. Leaves linear- to ovate-lanceolate and few-lobed, or linear and entire ; bracts
pubescent, dilated, coarsely and acutely lobed; corolla 5-9’ long, yellow, puberulent or glabrous, the
galea subulate, very acute, straight, lip sonic Hat saccate. See page 230.

10. O. TENUIFOLIUS, Benth. Pilose-pubescent; stems 4-12’ high, slender, simple or branched above ;
leaves linear, deeply 3-5-lobed ; spike short and dense, 1-2’ long; bracts broad, subglabrous, hispid on the
margins, the middle lobe broad and rounded at the apex; calyx 2” long, the lanceolate teeth equaling
the tube; corolla purplish, 6-7” long, puberulent, the galea uncinate and longer than the slightly dilated
3-plicate tins ; capsule 24” long, oblong.—Oregon and Washington Territory; Montana.

* * Bracts 3-lobed.

11. O. Totmrer, H. & A. Puberulent, 4-18’ high; branches spreading ; leaves narrow, mostly entire ;
spikes short; corolla yellow, glabrous, 4-6” long, the galea uncinate; capsule retuse, few-seeded. See
page 230.

12. O. LUTEUS, Nutt. Resembling the last; hispid; branches erect; spikes elongated; bracts often
entire; corolla pubescent; capsule many-seeded. See page 231.

13. O. PURPUREO-ALBUS, Gray, Ms. in Herb, Erect, 4-12’ high, strict, slender, simple or sparingly
branched; pubescence short and viscid; leaves linear, 4-1’ long, deeply 3-lobed ; bracts similar, slightly
dilated at base; spike elongated, interrupted ; calyx 3-4” long, the tube twice longer than the ovate-
lanceolate cantly corolla 8-12” long, light-purple, pubescent, the galea uncinate, 3” long, a little exceed-
ing the dilated salteats lip; capsule 3-4’ long, many-seeded.—Collected in New Mexico by Woodhouse,
Newberry, and Parry.

14. O. Bractrosus, Benth. Pubescent; stem 6-18’ high, rather slender, strict, simple or branched ;
leaves 1-2' long, linear or narrowly lanceolate, 3-lobed ; spike dense, 1-3’ long, the broad bracts with
triangular acute lobes, subhispid on the wargin; calyx 2-3” long, the tube twice exceeding the teeth ;
corolla light-purple, 6-8” long, minutely puberulent, the galea rather short, but little exceeding the
dilated 3-plicate lip, uncinate; capsule 23-3” long, broad, flattened, very obtuse, about 15-seeded.—S.
Oregon to Fraser’s River.

15. O. imBricatus, Torr., Ms. in Herb. Stem slender, erect, simple, 8-10! high, minutely pubescent ;
leaves 1’ long, linear, outa: spike very short and few-flowered; bracts nearly glabrous, broad and
rounded at the apex, the lateral lobes narrow, acnte; calyx 2” long, 2-cleft below the middle, the segments
acutely 2-toothed, ciliate; corolla purplish, 4-5” long, nearly glabrous, the uncinate galea a little exceed-
ing the slightly dilated 3-plicate lip—Collected by Dr. Newberry on Williamson’s expedition in the Cas-
cade Mts., Oregon.

§ 3. ONCHORRHYNCHUS, Benth. Lip of the corolla slightly 3-saccate or 3-plicate, the teeth erect

and prominent.—The species more variable ; bracts often colored.

16. O. arrenvATUS, Gray. Pac. R. R. Surv. 4. 121. Pubescent; stem 4-8! high, simple, strict, slen-
der; leaves +2’ long, linear, sparingly lobed or entire; spike rather dense above, 1-4’ long; bracts
deeply 3-lobed, lobes long and attenuated, equaling the flowers ; calyx 4-6’ long, the linear teeth shorter
than the tube; corolla 5-7” long, white or yellowish, subpubescent, the galea straight, acute, a little
exceeding the oblong teeth of the slightly dilated purplish lip; capsule 3-4” long, oblong. —From the
Sacramento River to Washington Territory.

17. O. PURPURASCENS, Benth. Pilose-hispid ; 4-18’ high, branching, rather stout; leaves 1-3’ long,
linear or lanceolate, setaceously multifid ; spikes dense, 1-6’ long; bracts colored, 5-9-lobed, the seg-
ments usually dilated and short-lobed at the apex; calyx colored, much more deeply cleft anteriorly,
the segments more or less deeply 2-cleft ; corolla purple, 7-12” long, pubescent, the galea abruptly atten-
uate and uncinate at the apex, pilose-crested ; the teeth rather short and obtuse; capsule 5-6” long.—
Frequent throughout California.

Var. LATIFOLIVS. Low and very diffusely branched; the lobes of the broad multifid leaves dilated
and obtuse; calyx-lobes short.—A remarkable form occurring in salt marshes near San Francisco (6538,
Bolander) and in Humboldt County, California. :

18. O. DENSIFLORUS, Benth. Pubescent, 4-12’ high, branching, often corymbosely from toward the
base; loaves 3-nerved, linear to ovate-lanceolate, sparingly lobed, 2-4’ long; spikes dense, 1-4’ long;
bracts 5-lobed, the linear segments scarcely dilated at the apex, colored; calyx 8” long, the linear teeth
not or but little exceeding the tube; corolla 7-15” long, pubescent, more or less purple or yellow, the
galea straight, obtuse or toothed, but little exceeding the purple lanceolate acute teeth of the lip; cap-
sule 4-6” long.—Frequent Hnonehont California.
APPENDIX. 459

19. O. LINEARILOBUS, Benth. Plant. Hariw. 330. Pilose-hispid, erect, strict, 12-15’ high, somewhat
branched above; leaves 1-3’ long, linear, the lower entire, the upper deeply 3-5-lobed; spike short,
dense; bracts palmately 5-cleft with linear lobes exceeding the flowers; calyx-lobes linear, much
exceeding the tube, nearly equaling the corolla ; corolla 10’ long, pubescent, purplish, the galea straight,
but little exceeding the lip.—Collected only by Hartweg (1903) in the mountains of California. The
single specimen in Herb. Gray. scarcely differs from 0. densiflorus except in its greater hispidness.

20. O. CASTILLEIOIDES, Benth. 4-8! high, diffusely branched, pilose-hispid above ; leaves 1-2’ long,
lanceolate, oblong or ovate, the upper usually coarsely short-lobed ; bracts broadly dilated, the rounded
apex shortly 3-5-cleft ; calyx and corolla as in O. densiflorus into which it seems to run and of which it
may be a fourm corresponding to the variety of O. purpurascens.—From San Francisco to Washington Ter-
ritory.

21. O. AUSTRALIS, Benth. Chili and Peru.

22. O. PALLESCENS, Gray. Amer. Jour. Sci. 34. 339. Proc. Amer. Acad. 7. 384. Perennial, hirsute-
pubescent; stems ascending, simple or branched, 4-10’ high; leaves 1-2’ Jong, linear, divaricately few-
lobed or entire; spike usually crowded, 1-3’ long; bracts colored, dilated, 3-5-lobed, the middle lobe
broad and rounded at the apex or variously cleft; calyx 8” long, bifid to the middle, with the segments
more or less 2-cleft; corolla 8” long, pubescent, the galea obscurely 3-lobed with the middle lobe longer
and acutish, a little exceeding the obtuse oblong teeth of the slightly dilated 3-plicate lip ; capsule 3-4”
long.—-California and Oregon. Nuttall’s original specimens and Lyall’s from the Columbia have the
calyx-segments shortly 2-toothed and the galea considerably longer than the lip; other mountain speci-
mens of Geyer, Brewer, Cronkhite and Torrey have a shorter galea and the calyx more deeply cleft, and
still others from Kellogg have the calyx equally 4-cleft.

23. O. prtosts, 8S. Watson. Perennial (?), pilose-pubescent; leaves lanceolate, few-lobed ; bracts
colored, broad, 3-lobed, the middle lobe dilated and rounded; calyx 4-lobed to the middle, cleft ante-
riorly nearly to the base; corolla yellowish, galea straight, acute, exceeding the prominent teeth. See
page 231.

CORDYLANTHUS.

From the Revision of the Genus by Dr. Gray in Proc. Amer. Acad., Vol. VII, pp. 381-384, (1867,) with
.a slight modification of the characters of the second section.

§ 1. ADENOSTEGIA. Inflorescence compound, the flowers often on short pedicels, with 2~4-bract-
lets; calyx of two leaves, the lower exterior in estivation ; floral leaves and bracts (except in
C. laxiflorus) very often truncate, retuse, or subtridentate at the apex and more or less callous-
tipped.

* Lower sepal about 5-nerved, the upper subscarious, 2-nerved and bifid; stamens 2, with nearly
glabrous filaments and 1-celled arfthers; floral leaves trifid or subpinnatifid.

1. C. carrratus, Nutt. Heads rather few-flowered. See page 231.
* * Sepals 5-6-nerved, the upper one entire or emarginate ; stamens 4, with villous-filaments and
2-celled anthers; leaves narrow-linear or filiform.
(a.) Upper and floral leaves 3-5-cleft and with the branches minutely scabrous or subglandular-
puberulent.
2. C. FILIFOLIUS, Nutt. Lower leaves entire, the floral ones sparingly hispid, especially on the mar-
gins, subcuneate at base, more or less dilated at the extremities; flowers in crowded heads; sepals

oblong, obtuse.—Middle and Southern California.
3. C. Ramosus, Nutt. Leaves all divided, the filiform segments not dilated; floral leaves with 5-7
nearly equal lobes, scarcely thickened above; corolla yellow, slightly exceeding the ovate or oblong

obtuse calyx-leaves. See page 232. :
4. C. Wrigutu, Gray. Leaves 3-5-parted, filiform, the floral similar and not hispid; heads few-

flowered, terminal; sepals lanceolate, the upper one 2-3-toothed ; corolla 1/ long, purplish.—California,
Arizona, and New Mexico.
(b.) Leaves nearly always all entire; flowers subpanicled.
5. C. prosus, Gray. 2-4° high, more or less hoary with soft spreading subviscid hairs; leaves
linear, the upper usually truncate-emarginate or broadly 3-lobed at the apex; flowers crowded or rather
loose ; sepals lanceolate-oblong.—Middle California.
460 BOTANY. \

6. C. TENUIS, Gray. 2° high, very finely puberulent and nearly glabrous, effusely panicled, with
slender branchlets, subfiliform leaves and scattered flowers. See page 282.

* * * Sepals 6-nerved, the upper one emarginate-bifid ; corolla rather deeply bilibiate, the lower
lip half shorter than the galea; stamens 4, the lower anther-cell either abortive or wholly want-
ing ; filaments slightly villous; leaves all short, linear, usually entire.

7. C. LAXIFLORUS, Gray. Paniculately branched, very hirsute ; flowers solitary or approximate.

See page 232.

§ 2. HEMISTEGIA. Flowers without bractlets, in a simple or sometimes branched spike, each ses-
sile in the axil of a clasping bract; calyx of a single 2-toothed leaflet, the lower leaflet wanting.
Not glandular, somewhat viscid, a span to a foot high.

* Filaments glabrous; base only of the anther-cells ciliolate or bearded,

(a.) Lower leaves and the bracts all entire; stamens 4, the longer with 2-celled anthers, the shorter
with a small lower cell only; seeds short-beaked, testa smooth (?).

C. marrrmrus, Nutt. Subpubescent, leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, glabrate, mostly obtuse,

spreading ; spike short, simple; filaments very unequal.—Coast of Califernia.

C. canescens, Gray. Pubescent, erect; leaves lance-linear, acute, suberect ; bracts lanceolate ;
flowers few, purplish. See page 233.

(b.) Cauline leaves entire, the bracts broader and often incised; stamens 2; seeds obtuse, the testa

pitted-reticulate.

C. mous, Gray. Loosely subhirsnte-villous; stem and pranches diffuse; leaves linear, short;
bracts oblong, 2-3-toothed or entire, a little shorter than the yellowish corolla; spikes sometimes
pranched.—Mare Island, Bay of San Francisco, (Wright.)

_ * * Filaments villous; stamens 4, with 2-cclled anthers, the cells bearded both at base and apex ;
leaves 3-cleft ; bracts 3-5-cleft.

C. Krxet, 8. Watson. Erect, branched, viscid and villous-pubescent; leaf-segments linear; corolla
purplish, villous. See page 233, and Plate XXII.

NAMA.

From Dr. Gray’s revisions of the genus, Proc. Amer. Acad., Vol. V, p. 337, and Vol. VILI, p. 283.

§ 1. Leaves decurrent and winging the stem, obovate. or spatulate; villous with a soft pubescence
or pilose; branches procumbent.

1. N. Jamaicensis, L. Peduncles very short ; seeds costate-pitted.cKey West; Texas; Mexico.
2. N. Birtora, Chois. Peduncles filiform; seeds alveolate.—E. Mexico.

§ 2. Cauline leaves all or mostly sessile and subamplexicauf not decurrent ; pubescence soft but not
hoary ; annual.

3. N. unputara, HBK. Erect; leaves often undulate, all alternate, linear- or spatulate- oblong, the
lower oblanceolate-spatulate with the base attenuate; peduncles mostly very short; the mature capsule
nearly 1” long, about equaling the galyx ; seeds alveolate-reticulated.—Texas and New Mexico to Chili.

4, N. BERLANDIERI, Gray. Leaves oval-oblong; capsule a half shorter than the calyx ; seeds indis-
tinctly pitted.—E. Mexico.

 

§ 3. Leaves all attenuate at base or petioled.

* Annual, rough with stiff or somewhat rigid hairs, not hoary; leaves attenuate to a rather slender
base but scarcely petioled ; sepals narrowly and exactly linear.

5. N. nisprpa, Gray. Flowers often in pairs; capsule oblong; seeds 24-40 in each cell, +4" long,
oblong, very obscurely ridged.—From W. Texas and New Mexico to S. California.

6. N. pemissa, Gray. Capsule short-oblong; seeds 10-12 in each cell, +4” long, oval, less obscurely
rugose-pitted. See page 259.

* * Annual; pubescence softer or shorter and a little cinereous ; sepals more or less dilated upward.

7. N. SANDWICENSIS, Gray. Sandwich Islands.

8. N. CovuLTERI, Gray. Pubescence rather roughish ; leaves oblong-spatulate, the lowest only atten-
uate into a petiole; corolla twice longer than the calyx, 5” long; capsule oblong ; seeds broad oval, }
long or less, smoothish.—S. California or Arizona; Chihuahua. ;
APPENDIX. 461

9. N. picHoTomMa, Ruiz & Pav. Pubescence more or less viscid ; corolla scarcely exceeding the
calyx ; capsule rather short-oblong ; sceds $4” long, oval-oblong, coarsely pitted.—Mexico to Bolivia,
Var. ANGUSTIFOLIA, Gray. Leaves linear-lanceolate.—New Mexico and 8. Colorado.

10. N. LATIFOLIA, Gray. Leaves all slender-petioled ; seeds nearly smooth.—S. W. Mexico.

“ * * Perennial or perhaps annual, with a somewhat woody base, and a very soft pubescence ;

leaves not exceeding }/ in length; seeds very small. Mexican.

11. N. Rupricota, Bonpl., and 12. N. origaniroria, HBK.

* * * * Perennial, somewhat shrubby at base; pubescence hispid or silky-canescent; leaves and

flowers larger.

13, N. HirsuTA, Mart. & Gal. S. W. Mexico.

14. N. sericea, Willd. Mexico.

15. N. Lopsu, Gray. Pubescent with a webby wool; leaves lanceolate, attenuate to a scarcely

petioled base ; flowers crowded in sessile axillary and terminal clusters; sepals narrow, not dilated
upward.—Sierras of California.

 

MERTENSIA.

Revised by Dr. Gray in Amer. Jour. of Science, Vol. XXXIII, p. 339, (1862.)
§ 1. Filaments slender, much longer than the anthers; corolla-tube several times longer than the
deeply 5-cleft calyx, the limb very slightly lobed, the throat without folds.
1. M. Virernica, DC. From W. New York to Wisconsin and Iowa and southward to 8. Carolina
and Tennessee. Arctic coast, (M. Drummondii, Don.)

§ 2. Filaments more or less narrower and longer than the anthers; limb of the corolla lobed.

2. M. Marrrmma, Don, Corolla-tube shorter than the limb, about equaling the sub-5-parted calyx,
the folds conspicuous.—From Greenland to Behring Strait and southward on the coast to Cape Cod and
Washington Territory. N. Europe and Asia; Japan.

§ 3. Filaments more dilated, as broad as the anthers or broader, and more or less shorter ; corolla-

limb 5-cleft.

* Calyx not cleft below the middle.

3 M. FENDLERI, Gray. Stem and lower side of the leaves smooth, the upper surface and the pedi-
cels finely appressed hispid; cauline leaves oblong-lanceolate; racemes few-flowered; corolla-tube
scarcely longer than the limb and the broad-lanceolate lobes of the hirsute calyx, with a hairy ring on
the inside above the base ; disk more or less 2-lobed.—New Mexico, (Fendler.)

* * Calyx 5-parted or sometimes deeply 5-cleft.
(a.) Corolla-tube 2-3 times longer than the upper dilated portion, (the limb.)

4. M. ostonerroria, DC. Low; cauline leaves oblong or spatulate-lanceolate, mostly obtuse ;
calyx-segments lanceolate or linear, acute, 2-3 times shorter than the corolla-tube, which is naked
within. See page 238.

(b.) Corolla-tube not more than a half longer than the limb.

(1.) Tall, 1-3° high; cauline leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate,'very sharply acuminate or acute,

costate-veined ; corolla 4’ long or a little more.

5. M. PANICULATA, Don. Hirsute, roughish or glabrate; calyx-segments lanceolate or lanceolate-
linear, acute, hirsute or hispid-ciliate, slightly or a half shorter than the corolla-tube, which is sparingly
hairy within. See page 239.

6. M. Srpirica, Don. Glaucescent, subpubescent or glabrous; calyx-segments oblong or oblong-

linear, ciliolate, 2-4 times shorter than the corolla-tube, which is sparingly hairy or nearly glabrous
within.—These species are probably not distinct. See page 239.
(2.) Low ; cauline leaves obtuse or acutish, scarcely veined; corolla 3 4’ long.

7. M. atprna, Don. A span to nearly 1° high, glabrous or hirsute; leaves spatulate-oblong, lance-
olate or the uppermost oblong-ovate, rather small and mostly acute, calyx-segments ovate- or oblong-
Janceolate and obtusish, or linear-lanceolate and acute, ciliate, a little shorter than the corolla-tube,
which equals the limb and is usually hairy within; anthers inserted in the throat.—Rocky Mountains of
Colorado. :

8. M. BREVisTYLA, 8. Watson. More hirsute; leaves obtuse, corella-tube usually shorter than the
limb, naked within; anthers wholly included in the tube; style very short.—See page 239.
462 BOTANY.

POLEMONIACE.

Drawn up chiefly from the recent “Revision of the North American Polemoniacee” by Dr. Gray, in

Proc. Amer. Acad., Vol. VIII., pp. 247-282, (1870.) Mexican and 8. American species omitted.
I. Stamens unequally inserted.

1. PHLOX. Corolla salverform. Filaments short, included. Ovules 1-5 in each cell. Seeds un-
changed when wetted, the simple integument adherent to the albumen.—Leaves entire, at least the lower
ones opposite. 2

2. COLLOMIA. Corolla salverform or funnelform. Filaments slender, usually exserted. Ovules
solitary, or few-many in each'cell. Seeds mucilaginous when moistened and giving out spiricles.—
Leaves all or mostly alternate, usually pinnately parted or incised.

II. Stamens equally inserted. Seeds mostly giving out spiricles or mucilaginous when wetted.

3. GILIA. Corolla varying from salverform to subrotate. Filaments not declinate and without
appendages.—Leaves various.

4. POLEMONIUM. Corolla varying from funnelform to rotate. Filaments slender, more or less
declinate, hairy-appendaged at base.—Leaves alternate, pinnately divided.

PHLOX.

§ 1. Broad-leaved perennials; ovules solitary. Eastern species.

* Flowers on very short pedicels in compact cymelets forming a many-flowered panicle or thyrse 5
stem tall, strict; corolla-lobes entire.

1. P. PaNnicuLaTA, L. From Pennsylvania to Ilinois, and southward to Georgia and Arkansas.
2, P. MacuLaTa, L. From Pennsylvania to Michigan, and south to Florida, Mississippi and
Arkansas.
* * Cymelets corymbed or occasionally simple; stems erect or spreading; corolla-lobes broad, entire
or obcordate.

(a.) Glabrous and shining, the corymb or stem rarely scabrous-puberulent; calyx-lobes broad ;
corolla-lobes rounded, entire.

3. P. ovata, L. Stems ascending from a decumbent or creeping base ; leaves ovate, occasionally
oblong-lanceolate, or the uppermost subcordate, the lowest narrowed to a petiole; calyx-teeth short-
ovate or broad-lanceolate, acute.—Along the Alleghanies from Alabama to Pennsylvania.

4. P. GLABERRIMA, L. Stems slender, erect; leaves linear- or occasionally oblong-lanceolate, or the
uppermost narrowly ovate-lanceolate, on the upper part of the stem gradually narrowed from the base,
acuminate, nearly nerveless, subrevolute on the margin, the upper surface glossy ; calyx-teeth triangu-
lar- or lanceolate-subulate, very acute.—From Ohio and Wisconsin to Florida and Louisiana.

(b.) Pilose or glandular ; teeth of the more or less hairy and usually viscid calyx elongated and nar-
row; corolla-lobes sometimes retuse or obcordate.

(1.) Without stolons.

5. P. Froripana, Benth. Strict, 2° high, a little hairy or nearly glabrous; leaves linear- or oblong-
lanceolate, rather rigid ; top of the stem and corymb glandular ; teeth of the glandular calyx lanceolate-
setaceous ; corolla-lobes obovate, entire.—Florida. .

6. P. PrLosa, L. Villous, pilose, or pubescent, sometimes glabrate; stem erect, slender, 1-2° high ;
leaves lanceolate and linear; corymb at length open; calyx rough-villous or subviscid-pubescent, the
teeth subulate-setaceous, elongated or very slender, sometimes with an awnlike apex; corolla-lobes obo-
vate, entire—Froi New Jersey to the Saskatchewan, and south to Florida and W. Texas.

7. P. amaena, Sims. Pubescence soft, rarely roughish, more or less villous ; stems ascending simple
6-15’ high; leaves suberect, oblong or lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acutish or obtuse, thie hiehest
bracteating the compact corymb; calyx-teeth narrowly subulate, very acute, scarcely awned.—Kentucky
and Virginia to Florida. :

(2.) Somewhat stoloniferous ; leaves broad, rather short.

8. P. pivaricara, L. Corolla-lobes obcordate or cuneate, emarginate, or sometimes (Var. Laphamii,

Wood,) entire—From Canada to Wisconsin and Dakota, and south to Florida, Alabama, Arkansas and
the Platte. ;
APPENDIX. 463

9, P, REPTANS, Michx. Pennsylvania and Kentucky to Georgia; Arkansas, (Nuttall.)

* * * Few-flowered, low, diffuse ; leaves linear; corolla pale-violet, with 2-cleft cuneate lobes, the
segments narrosy,

10. P. Birmpa, Beck. Pubescent, with the leaves sometimes glabrate; corolla-lobes cleft at least to

the middle, the divisions nearly linear.—TIllinois and Missouri.

11. P. STELLARIA, Gray. Glabrous, cxespitose, somewhat perennial at base; leaves narrow-linear
and rather rigid, the upper slightly ciliate at base; peduncles clongated, mostly 1-flowered ; corolla pale-
blue or nearly white, the lobes bifid with short-oblong segments.—Cliffs of the Kentucky River, only by
Dr. Short.

§ 2. Slightly suffrutescent perennial eastern species, with subulate fascicled evergreen leaves; ovules

1-2 in each cell; corolla lobes only obcordate.

12. P. suBuLaTa, L. Usually with a long style and solitary ovules.—Southern New York to Michi-
gan, and south to Florida and Mississippi.

§ 3. Species of the Rocky Mts. and westward, or arctic, somewhat woody or rarely herbaceous at
base, the ovules 1-3 in each cell; branches 1-few-flowered ; leaves mostly narrow or small, usually
more or less cartilaginous-tliickened (or rather revolute) on the margin.

* Matted-cespitose subshrubby evergreen perennials; leaves short, sometimes very small, crowded
or imbricated and fascicled up to the very flowers, scarious-connate at base, the older ones marces-
cent; flowers solitary, sessile, (in P. Douglasii sometimes short-peduncled ;) ovules solitary.

(a.) Leaves with webby hairs, at least upon the margin.

(1.) In mosslike cushions, the very short broadish or scalelike leaves imbricated, soft, and merely
mucronate ; corolla-lobes entire.

13. P. RicHarpsonu, Hook. Rather loosely matted; leaves oblong-lanceolate, 3” long, somewhat
sparingly woolly, with thickened margins, soon reflexed, imbricated, loosely spreading when old; corolla-
tube half longer than the calyx, the lobes broadly cuneate-obovate, 3 long.—Arctic Coast.

14, P. BRYOIDES, Nutt. More densely matted and very small, with an abundant very soft wool ;
branchlets separated; leaves scalelike, closely imbricate in four rows, ovate- or triangular-lanceolate,
14” long, very close and appressed even when old, the margins subinflexed ; corolla-tube a little exceed-
ing the calyx, the cuneate lobes 14” long.—Rocky Mts. of W. Wyoming, (Nuttall.)

15. P. muscurpes, Nutt. Resembling the last; branches short and very crowded ; leaves less strictly
4-ranked, more sparingly woolly, ovate-lanceolate, 14” long, slightly mucronate; calyx equaling the co-
rolla-tube.—Rocky Mts., only by Wyéth. ,

(2.) Leaves more rigid, subulate, somewhat acerose, 3-4” long, less closely imbricated; flowers

white.

16. P. Hoopu, Rich. Rather sparingly woolly, glabrate ; leaves erect; corolla-tube not exceeding
the calyx, the lobes obovate, entire, 2-2} long.—Montana and the Saskatchewan region.

17. P. canescens, T. & G. More woolly and leaves spreading; corolla more or less exceeding the
calyx, the lobes 3-4” long, entire or emarginate. See page 259.

(b.) Leaves more rigid, hirsute- or roughish-ciliate on the margins, at least at base, or sometimes

naked.

18. P. casrrrosa, Nutt. Leaves linear-subulate or oblong-linear, rigid, close, ciliate, otherwise
glabrous or sparingly glandular ; corolla-tube a little exceeding the calyx. See page 259.

19. P. Doverasu, Hook. Pubescent or nearly glabrous; leaves rather rigid, acerose, more usually
spreading and less close, the margins either naked or ciliate at base ; corolla-tube more or less exceeding
the calyx. See page 260.

* * Showy, from a many-branched or loosely caspitose woody or sometimes herbaceous base; leaves
usually longer, linear or lanceolate, rarely subovate, loose and not fascicled or but slightly so ;
flowers solitary or subcymose, rather long peduncled.

(a.) Style elongated.
(1.) Arctic; leaves and loosely czspitose stems somewhat lax.

20. P. Srsrrica, L. 2-4/ high, hairy-pubescent; leaves narrow-linear, usually a little villous on the
margin; peduncles naked, 1-flowered; corolla-tube equaling or a little exceeding its obcordate or retuse
lobes and the calyx; ovules in pairs.—Kotzebue Sound and E. Siberia.

(2.) Of temperate regions; the leaves and erect or ascending woody-based stems rather rigid; corolla-

tube exceeding the narrow-subulate calyx-lobes. The first two species mostly narrow-leaved and
the calyx usually angled.

.
464 BOTANY.

21. P. LINEARIFOLIA, Gray. Glabrous or sometimes roughish-pubescent above, 6-12’ high, corymb-
osely many-flowered ; leaves very narrowly linear, 1-2’ long; calyx strongly angled by the folded inter-
costal membranes, the teeth acerose-subulate; corolla-tube a little longer, the, lobes obovate-cuneate,
entire or rarely retuse ; ovules in pairs.—Idaho and Washington Territories.

22. P. LONGIFOLIA, Nutt. Glabrous or pubescent, 2-12’ high; leaves very narrow or sometimes
lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 4-3’ long; corolla-lobes entire or retuse; ovules usually solitary. See
page 260.

23. P. ADSURGENS, Torr. Glabrous, excepting the glandular-pubescent subcymose inflorescence ;
stems diffuse, ascending, slender, about 1° high; leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, 4’ long, usually
much shorter than the internodes; corolla-tube nearly 1’ long, about twice longer than the subterete
calyx, the lobes 5” long, obovate, entire; style exserted ; ovules solitary.—Cation Pass, Oregon; only by
Wood.

(b.) Style usually shorter than the stigmas and ovary; calyx cylindrical, with subulate lobes.

24. P. speciosa, Pursh. Somewhat viscid-puberulent or glabrate, 1-4° high, the branches ascending
from a woody decumbent base ; leaves lanceolate or linear, 14-2’ long, the upper mostly dilated at base ;
flowers corymbed ; corolla pink or white, the tube a little exceeding the calyx, the lobes obcordate, (or
in Var. SaBINI, obovate and entire or retuse;) ovules solitary.—From Washington Territory to Califor-
nia. Var. WoopnHousii is a dwarf Arizona form with linear leaves, not dilated at base, and smaller
flowers.

25. P. nana, Nutt. Glandular-pubescent or roughish, sometimes glabrate, branches spreading from
a woody base, 6-12’ high ; leaves linear, often alternate on the branches; flowers scattered; corolla pink
or white, the tube a little longer than the calyx, the limb 12-15” broad, with very broadly cuneate-obo-
vate lobes, entire or slightly erose; ovules 2 or usually 3 in each cell—Western Texas to New Mexico
and 8. Colorado.

§ 4. Annual Texan species, loosely branched, more or less viscid-hairy ; leaves rather broad, the upper
alternate; calyx-lobes shortly bristle-tipped, soon recurved or spreading, splitting nearly to the
base in fruit; style shorter than the stigmas ; seeds somewhat wing-angled.

26. P. DrumMonDu, Hook. Leaves usually lanceolate or oblong, the upper subcordate at base and

half-clasping ; flowers corymbed ; ovules solitary.

27. P, R@MERIANA, Scheele. Low, loosely branched from the base, subglabrous ; leaves lanceolate,
oblong, or the lowest spatulate, the cauline mostly alternate, hirsute on the margins; flowers scattered ;
corolla pink, the tube about equaling the spreading linear segments of the hirsute calyx, shorter than
the very broadly obovate (6-9” long) lobes; ovules 4-5 in cach cell.

COLLOMIA.

§ EUCOLLOMIA, Gray. Ovules solitary (in C. heterophylla 2-3) in each cell; annuals, more or less
viscid-pubescent

* Leaves sessile, simple; flowers usually crowded ; calyx obconical; corolla narrow; seeds with
very abundant spiricles.
(a.) Flowers in crowded leafy-bracted heads, or the lowest subsolitary in the forks.

1. C. Granprrtora, Dougl. 1-2° high; calyx-lobes broad, obtuse; corolla 1! long, salmon-color.
See page 261.

2. C. LINEARIS, Nutt. Smaller; calyx-lobes triangular-lanceolate, acute; corolla }/ long. Sce
page 261.

(b.) Flowers scattered, all solitary in the forks.

3. C, TENELLA, Gray. Low, loosely branched ; leaves linear; calyx-lobes triangular, acute; corolla
purplish, 3-4” Jong. See page 262.

* * Leaves sessile, entire, the lower usually opposite; flowers loosely cymose or scattered ; calyx

rounded at base, nearly 5-parted ; seed-coat without spiricles.

4, C. GRACILIS, Dougl. Low, spreading; leaves oval to linear; calyx-lobes subulate-linear ; corolla
purplish, 5’ long. See page 262.

* * * Leaves pinnately divided, incised or 3-5-parted, the lower petioled, alternate ; calyx obtuse at
base ; corolla purplish, slender, 5-6” long, 2-3 times exceeding the calyx; seed spiricles beneath a
delicate epidermis.

5. C. GitiorEs, Benth. 42° high; leaves nearly simply divided; flowers loose or scattered ; calyx

deeply cleft with linear-subulate lobes; cells 1-2-ovuled; capsule globular.—W. California.
APPENDIX. A65

6. C. HETEROPHYLLA, Hook. Low, diffuse; leaves mostly bipinnatifid, the uppermost less cut or
even entire; flowers subcapitate or clustered ; calyx-lobes shorter, ovate-lanceolate ; stamens very une-
qually inserted ; cells 2-3-ovuled ; capsule cllipsoidal.—British Columbia to California.

§ 2. PHLOGANTHEA, Gray. Ovules numerous (6-12) in each cell ; filaments unequal and unequally
inserted, sometimes a little declined; leaves or their lobes natrow-linear, entire; flowers in a
thyrse or scattered ; seeds with spiricles. Annual or biennial, sli ghtly if at all viscid.

* Cauline leaves very numerous, alternate, pinnately parted with 3-7 entire narrow-linear or subfili-
form segments ; corolla salverform, the tube narrow.

7. C. CAVANILLESIANA, Don. Biennial or perhaps perennial, more or less pubescent, virgately
branched, leafy; flower-clusters small, in w narrow leafy thyrsus; corolla 4 long, the tube a little ex-
panded, 2-3 times exceeding the calyx, lobvs oblong; authers round; cells 5-7-ovuled.—W. Texas to Ari-
zona and Mexico.

8. C, THURBERI, Gray. Like the last but minutely pubescent, inflorescence more spicate; corolla-
tube over L’ long, and 3-4 times exceeding its orbicular lobes and the calyx ; anthers short-oblong ; cells
8-9-ovuled.—New Mexico.

9. C. LONGIFLORA, Gray. Annual, glabrous, loosely paniculate-branched, 1-2° high; peduncles
1-flowered, loosely subcorymbose; calyx-lubes shorter than the tube; corolla white, the tube often 14’
long, not dilated; lobes rounded or obovate: anthers oblong ; cells 10-12-ovuled.—W. Nebraska to Texas
and Arizona.

* * Leaves entire, scattered; corolla funnelform.

10. C. LEPTALEA, Gray. Annual, low, glabrous or nearly so, effusely paniculate-branched ; pedicels
scattered, 1-flowered, slender; corolla 4’ long; cells 6-ovuled. See page 262 and Plate XXV.

GILIA.

Series I. Leaves sessile, palmately divided (rarely entire) with narrow entire segments, opposite or
the uppermost and rameal ones sometimes alternate, (in § 5 nearly all alternate ;) seed-coat without
spiricles, usually mucilaginous. §§ 1-5.

§ 1. DACTYLOPHYLLUM, Gray. Corolla campanulate, nearly rotate, or short-funnelform, with
obovate lobes; filaments slender; anthers oval; ovules usually numerous in each cell and the
seeds more or less mucilaginous. Low or slender annuals, with scattered flowers and mostly op-
posite leaves.

* Flowers short-pedicelled or subsessile in the forks, somewhat crowded ; corolla campanulate, the
lobes entire; leaves mostly 3-parted.

1. G. pemissa, Gray. 2-3' high, divaricately much-branched, glabrous or slightly hairy; leaflets
acerose; calyx nearly 5-parted, with unequal lance-subulate scarious-margined segments, the longer
often leaf-like lobes equaling the white (3” long) corolla; stamens included, inserted at the base of the
corolla; cells 6-7-ovuled.—S. E. California; W. Arizona.

* * Flowers loose or scattered, pedicels mostly capillary ; cerolla subrotate or short-funnelform, its

lobes entire; leaves 3-7-parted, often alternate above, minutely scabrous or hirsute or subglab-
rous, the lobes mostly nearly filiform.

2. G. LINIFLOoRA, Benth. 6-18’ high; corolla white, rotate, nearly 5-parted ; filaments pubescent at
base; cells 6-8-ovuled. See page 262.

3. G. PUSILLA, Benth. 2-6’ high; corolla purplish or white, short-funnelform, the lobes equaling or
exceeding the throat and tube; filaments nearly glabrous; cells 3-5-ovuled. See page 262,

4. G. BoLanner!, Gray. Like the last; corolla purplish, 3-4” long, the narrow tube rather exceed-
ing the very short throat and nearly oblong lobes and nearly equaling the cylindric calyx-tube; cells
2-5-ovuled ; pedicels sometimes 14’ long.—N. W. California. ;

5. G. aurga, Nutt. 2-4’ high; leaflets narrow-linear, hardly 3” long; pedicels rather short, subcy-
mose; corolla mostly yellow, open funnelform, 4-6” broad, the rounded-obovate spreading lobes about
equaling the throat and very short tube; filaments inserted near the sinuses, glabrous; cells about 10-
ovuled.—New Mexico to Southern and Middle California.

* * * Flowers solitary or 2-3 together terminating the branches, on shortish pedicels; corolla

broadly short-funnelform, the lobes fringe-toothed or erose; leaves entire, opposite, narrow-linear.

6. G. DIANTHIOIDES, Endl. 2-5, high, branching; corolla 3-1’ long, lilac or purplish; filaments glab-
rous, inserted near the base; cells 12-20-ovuled.—S. California. Varying greatly in the size and hue of
the flowers and denticulation of the lobes.

59
466 BOTANY.

§ 2. LINANTHUS, Endl. Corolla salverform, the tube about equaling the cylindric calyx-tube, the
broad cuneate-obovate lobes usually minutely erose ; stamens included ; filaments slender, inserted
near the middle of the tube; capsule cylindric or oblong; cells 20-40-ovuled. Erect, slender,
glabrous annuals; leaves opposite, filiform, 3-5-divided or sometimes simple ; flowers white, sub-
sessile, terminal and in the forks; calyx scarious except the elongated acerose-linear ribs.

7. G. DICHOTOMA, Benth. Corolla-lobes +1’ long; anthers linear; seeds with a white finely reticu-

lated non-mucilaginous coat.—California.

8. G. BrarLtovu, Gray. Corolla-lobes 2” long, hardly exceeding the calyx; anthers oval, seed-coat
close, mucilaginous. See page 263 and Plate XXYV.

§ 3. LEPTOSIPHON, Endl. Corolla salverform with usually a long filiform tube and very short
more or less cup-shaped throat, in which the stamens are inserted; anthers short ; ovules 6-16 in
each cell. Low or slender annuals, with opposite narrow leaves and showy flowers in crowded
bracteate clusters.

* Hairy, leafy-stemmed ; leaves palmately 5-7-parted, with linear-filiform lobes, commonly fascicled
in the axils; corolla-lobes entire, exceeding the slender more or less exserted filaments; cells
6-10-ovuled.

(a.) Corolla large, the tube scarcely exceeding the obovate lobes and rarely the villous-hirsute
bracts.

9, G. DENSIFLORA, Benth. 1-2° high; leaflets numerous, subrigid; corolla-limb 1’ in diameter, lilac

or nearly white; anthers nearly included.—W. California.

(b.) Small and more slender, the filiform corolla-tube 3-6 times exceeding the oval or ovate (14-4"
long) lobes. (Species difficult of definition.)

10. G. anprosacza, Steud. Corolla-tube 1’ long or less, much exserted and thrice longer than the

lobes; bracts hirsute or villous-ciliate. See page 263.

11. G. MicrANTHA, Steud. Corolla-tube extremely slender, 3-14’ long, 4-6 times exceeding its (2-3/
long) lobes; bract and floral leaves softly pubescent. See page 264.

12. G. TENELLA, Benth. Small, mostly depressed, corolla-tube less slender, 6-9” long, lobes 14” long;
bracts and leaves rather hispid-ciliate——Puget Sound to 8. California.

13. G. cm1aTa, Benth. More rigid, rough ; corolla-tube 6-7” long, scarcely exserted ; lobes 14” long;
bracts and leaves very hirsute-ciliate ; calyx-lobes acerose. See page 264.

* * Entire-leaved, glabrous, dwarf; corolla-lobes cuneate, undulate-toothed or 1-3-dentate at the

broad apex; anthers sessile, included in the throat; cells 10-16-ovuled.

14. G. Nupicautis, Gray. 1-4’ high; stem naked, the capitate flowers bracteate with several ovate-
lanceolate or lanceolate leaves; corolla-tube 3-4” long, the lobes 2-3” long. See page 264.

§ 4, SIPHONELLA, Gray. Like Leptosiphon, but the corolla-tube not exceeding the narrow calyx,
the throat more funnelform, the cells few-ovuled, and the flowers less crowded. Perennials, some-
times woody at base, soft-puberulent; calyx firm, becoming 5-parted, the lance-subulate lobes with
thickish margins, the sinuses not membranous nor scarious; corolla nearly white, the tube puber-
ulent, lobes obovate ; filaments short, subexserted; anthers oval-oblong.

15. G. Nutratiu, Gray. Stems numerous, slender, 6-12’ high; leaves 3-7-parted, narrow linear,
mucronate, usually shorter than the internodes; flowers in leafy clusters; ovules in pairs. See page 264
and Plate XXV.

16. G. FLoRIBUNDA, Gray. 1° high or more; base more shrubby; leaflets nearly acicular, usually
equaling the internodes ; flowers in a rather loose corymbose cyme, sometimes pedicelled ; cells 4-ovuled.—
8. California and Arizona.

§ 5. LEPTODACTYLON, Benth. Corolla salverform, the tube at length exceeding the calyx, the
throat somewhat funnelform; anthers short, on short filaments inserted near the throat, included ;
ovules numerous; seed-coat close, without mucilage or spiricles. Tufted leafy suffrutescent peren-
nials; leaves alternate or opposite, fascicled in the axils, palmately 3-7-parted, tho entire segments
and the calyx-lobes acerose or subulate, pungent; flowers sessile, solitary upon the short branch-
lets or in few-flowered terminal clusters.

* Leaves opposite ; stems short, herbaceous.

17. G. Warsont, Gray. 4-6’ high; leaves not much fascicled; corolla-tube and lobe each 1! long ;
cells 10-ovuled. See page 265 and Plate XXVI.

* * Leaves alternate, more rigid, thickly fascicled in the axils; stems woody,
18. G. Catirornica, Benth. Leaves very close, becoming widely spreading, and with the branches
APPENDIX. 467

at first loosely tomentose-pubescent or villous; corolla limb 1}! in diameter; lobes broad, often sub-erose
anthers linear-oblong, included ; cells 20-ovuled or more.—California.

19. G. PUNGENS, Benth. Viscid-pubascent, puberulent or glabrate leaves mostly suberect or strict ;
corolla-lobes usually narrower and but half as long; anthers in the throat, oblong; cells 8-10-ovuled.—
Very variable. See page 265,

Series II. Leaves alternate and pinnately divided, lobed, or toothed, rarely entire and the lowest oc-
casionally opposite. Filaments slender. Seed-coat developing mucilage and spiricles, (excepting
Nos. 44, 47, 48, 57 and 58.) §§ 6-12,

§ 6. NAVARRETIA, Gray. Flowers in densely leafy-bracteate heads ; lobes of the calyx and of the
mostly multifid or nearly palmate bracts rigid and acerose-pungent or spinulose, sometimes lacini-
ate or unequal ; corolla slender funnelform, lobes rather small, oblong; stamens inserted below the
throat; anthers short; ovary sometimes dimerous. Low branching usually viscid annuals;
leaves 1-2-pinnately cleft or incised, the lobes usually subulate, pungent; seed-spiricles shorter
than usual.

* Some of the leaves and bracts more than once pinnatifid; corolla violet or whitish; stamens
included, commonly unequal; cells 8-12-ovuled ; viscid and unpleasantly scented.

20. G. squARROSA, H. & A. Stoutish, rigid, 1° or less high; upper leaves and bracts spinescent:

corolla-tube hardly equaling the mostly entire calyx-lobes.—California, Oregon.

* “ Leaves somewhat 2-pinnatifid; stamens exserted; cells 1-4-ovuled.

21. G. COTULEFOLIA, Steud. Rigid, 5-12’ high, pubescent or glabrate below, minutely glandular
above ; leaves mostly bipinnately parted, the upper ones spinescent-lobed; corolla blue or whitish, the
tube hardly exceeding the sparsely villous calyx-lobe; cells (often but two) 1- or rarely 2-ovuled.—Cali-
fornia.

22. G. INTERTEXTA, Steud. Stem white-pubescent, 1-10’ high; leaves glabrous, except at base;
base of bracts and the calyx-tube densely white-hairy ; corolla white, 4” long; cells 3-4-ovuled and
seeded. See page 266.

23. G. Minima, Gray. Smaller, 1/ high, white-pubescent ; leaves and bracts glabrous; calyx white-
villous in the sinuses; corolla white, 14/’ long, shorter than the calyx-lobes; cells 1-ovuled. See page 266.

24. G. BREWERI, Gray. 1-6’ high, glandular-puberulent throughout, without white hairs; heads less
dense ; corolla yellow, 3-4” long, equaling the entire calyx-lobes; cells 1-2-ovuled. See page 266.

25. G. LEUCOCEPHALA, Gray. Slender, 3-6’ high; top of the stem and of the thin calyx-tube white-
hairy, otherwise glabrous; leaves soft, with filiform usually entire lobes, those of the bracts barely pun-
gent ; head dense ; corolla white, 4’ long, exceeding the calyx ; stamens exserted ; cells 2-ovuled.—Sacra-
mento Basin.

* * * Leaves and bracts 1-pinnatifid or incised, or subentire; calyx-lobes entire, except in G. visci-

dula ; stamens more or less exserted ; corolla purple, rarely white or yellowish.

(a.) Very slender, erect, 3-10” high ; branches divergent, subnaked ; leaves filiform or acicular, few-

lobed; inner bracts subpalmately parted.

26. G. FILICAULIS, Torr. Very minutely glandular above; branches effusely panicled; leaves sparse,
subsetaceous; flowers in small rather naked heads, 3” long, the slender tube long exceeding the lanceo-
late-subulate scarcely pungent calyx-lobes ; cells 1- (rarely 2-?) ovuled.—Central California.

27. G. prvaRicaTa, Torr. Diffuse or very open, somewhat viscidly pubescent above; leaf-lobes
subulate-filiform, the upper leaves and bracts more rigid and pungent; corolla 3-5” long, the more fun-
nelform tube slightly exceeding the setaceous-subulate pungent calyx-lobes; cells 5-7-ovuled.—Central
California.

(b.) Stouter, viscid, erect, 2-8’ high; leaves rigid, the bracts at least dilated at base, often carti-

laginous, the lobes spinescent; heads dense.

28. G. vVIScIDULA, Gray. Cauline leaves mostly slender, with setaceous subulate lobes, the bracts
broader and more spiny, the teeth ascending; corolla 4-6” long, twice exceeding the lanceolate-subulate
and sometimes incised calyx-lobes; cells 1-4-ovuled.—California.

29. G. ATRACTYLOIDES, Steud. Very viscid-puberulent and rigid; leaflets divaricate and subulate-
spiny, seldom longer than the breadth of the rachis; corolla about twice longer than subulate calyx-
lobes.—S. California.

(c.) Depressed, scarcely viscid; the rigid leaves (6-9” long) more or less dilated upward, the teeth

and the calyx-lobes tipped with long bristles ; flowers scarcely clustered, not capitate.

30. G. sprosissima, Gray. Leaves narrowly cuneate; corolla 6-9” long, much exserted; anthers
oblong; capsule oblong; cells 6-10-ovuled, (Gray.)—An ovary from Dr. Newberry’s original specimens
has the cells 6-ovuled. Dr. Palmer’s mature plants have the cells 2-3 seeded. See page 267.
468 BOTANY.

31. G. Scnorru, S. Watson. (Navarretia, Torr.) Leaves linear, scarcely dilated above, corolla 5” long,
tube not exserted; anthers subrounded, smaller; capsule ovate, cells 4-6-seeded, (3-5 ovuled, Gray.)—
Referred to the last by Dr. Gray as Var. ExiGuA. See page 267.

§ 7. HYGELIA, Gray. Flowers capitate-clustered, the base of the numerons 3-5-cleft leafy bracts
and the calyx densely clothed with white wooi, the lobes acerose or subulate, cuspidate ; corolla
salverform, blue or whitish, tube slender, lobes usually oblong; anthers exserted, mostly linear-
sagittate ; ovules very variable.—Herbage more or less floccose-woolly, not viscid nor glandular ;
leaves simply pinnately parted or some of them entire, acerose or subulate-filiform.

* Root perennial; stem rigid ; anthers linear-sagittate.
32. G. DENSIFOLIA, Benth. Stems 6-12’ high, simple or sparingly branched, leafy to the top, with’
1-few heads; leaves rigid, mostly short-lobed; corolla-tube }/ long, 2-3 times exceeding the calyx.—
8. California. \

* * Annual, the stems at length paniculate-branched, slender ; leaves or their mostly few segments
filiform.

33. G. viRGATA, Steud. Commonly strict and at first. simple, 6-12’ high; lower leaves mostly entire ;
corolla-tube at length usually exsert, the lobes 3” long; anthers linear-sagittate, 1 long; cells 2-3-
ovuled.—California.

34. G. rLoccosa, Gray. More slender, becoming diffusely panicled; heads and flowers smaller;
anthers linear-oblong, hardly over 4” long; cells usually 1-2-ovuled. See page 267.

35. G. FILIFOLIA, Natt. Slender, rather rigid ; leaves mostly 3-parted ; flowers still smaller, the lobes
1-2” long and tube scarcely exsert ; anthers oval, $4” long; cells usually 4-6-ovuled. See page 267.

§ 8. ELAPHOCERA, Nutt. Flowers in crowded bracteate heads, or rarely rather loose and cym-
ose; corolla white or purplish, salverform, the tube seldom much exceeding the cuspidate or
awned, not pungent calyx-lobes; stamens inserted in or near the sinuses, shorter than the oval or
oblong corolla-lobes. J.ow or dwarf annuals, biennials or short-lived perennials, more or less woolly-
pubescent; calyx and bracts mostly pubescent or ciliate with long rather viscid jointed hairs.

* Leaves entire, acerose-subulate or filiform; flowers crowded ; filaments slender, exserted.

36. G. Wricuti, Gray. Stems 1° high, rigid, virgate, woody.at base, leafy throughout; leaves
rigid, cuspidate-mucronate ; bracts broad-lanceolate, the larger ones sublaciniate, awned-cuspidate as
are the subulate calyx-lobes, ciliate; corolla-tube 4” long, twice exceeding the oblong lobes; cells 3~4-
ovuled.—W. Texas.

37. G. Gonnisont, T. & G. Annual, slender, loosely paniculate; leaves scattered, linear-filiform ;

calyx-lobes and entire bracts short and short-cuspidate; flowers in small heads terminating slender
branchlets. See page 268.

* * Leaves mostly pinnately parted, sometimes all entire; segments few, narrow-linear: filaments
shorter than the corolla-lobes; corolla-tube scarcely at length exceeding the calyx: flowers closely
capitate-clustered. Biennial or perennial, the simple or clustered stems hardened at base.

38. G. spicata, Nutt. Rather stout, erect, 4-10’ high; flower-clusters crowded into an interrupted
leafy virgate spike, or in a single thick head, (Var. CAPITATA;) leaves sub-3-cleft or often all entire,
and with the calyx-lobes barely if at all mucronate; corolla-lobes shorter than the scarcely exserted
tube; anthers subsessile; cells 4-6-ovuled.—Colorado.

39. G. concrsta, Hook. Stems erect, diffuse, or depressed, with single or few and corymbose close
heads ; leaves with 3-7 mucronate lobes or entire; calyx-lobes usually short-awned, equaling the corolla-
tube; filaments equaling or exceeding the anthers; cells 2-4-ovuled. See page 268.

40, G. 1peRipDIroLta, Benth. Leaves more rigid, calyx-lobes and bracts more strongly cuspidate ;
heads looser. corymbose ; filaments shorter ; ovules solitary.—Nebraska and Wyoming.

* * * Leaves pinnatifid, trifid or subentire ; flowers leafy-bracted, cyntulose-glomerate or at length

loose; calyx and bracts awned-cuspidate. Low branching annuals.

41. G. puma, Nutt. Stem somewhat loose-woolly, leafy; divisions of the leaves narrow-linear ;
corolla-tube twice exceeding the calyx; filaments slender; cells about 6-ovuled. See page 268,

42. G. PoLycLapon, Torr. Stems puberulent or subpubescent, few-leaved ; leaf-segments short,
oblong; corolla-tube hardly exceeding the calyx; filaments very short; cells 2-ovuled. See page 268.

§ 9. Ipomopsis, Benth. Thyrsoid-panicled, the bracts small or none; corolla (scarlet or orange)
tubular-funnelform, the tube greatly exceeding the subulate calyx-lobes and the spreading ovate or
lanceolate lobes of the limb; stamens inserted in the throat or below the sinuses, shorter-than the
corolla; ovules numerous. Biennials, smoothish or a little hairy; leaves simply pinnatifid.

* Tall, leafy-stemmed ; leaves pinnately parted, the segments filiform or narrow-linear.

43, G. CORONOPIFOLIA, Pers. Glabrous or nearly so, 2-6° high, very leafy ; leaflets and rachis nearly
APPENDIX. 469

filiform, acute and mucronate; flowers very inany, in a virgate compact thyrsus; calyx-lobes setaceous-
subulate; corolla 1-1}’ long, the ovate leaves moderately spreading ; seeid-coat loose, reticulate-cellular,
without mucilage or spiricles.—S. Carolina and Florida to Arkansas and W. Texas.

44, G. AGGREGATA, Spreng. Somewhat pubescent, less leafy, often loosely branching and paniculate ;
leaf-segments narrow-linear, mostly bluntish; calyx commonly glandular, with subulate lobes; corolla-
lobes spreading or recurved. See page 269.

* * Leaves chiefly at the base, barely pinnatifid-incised ; about 1° high.

45 G, suBNUDA, Torr. Glandular-puberulent, loosely panicled; flowers rather crowded; corolla-
tube 4’ long ; anthers included on very short filaments. See page 269.

§ 10, GILIANDRA, Gray. Thyrsoid-panicled and resembling § Ipomopsis, but the white or bluish
corolla salverform, the tube about twice longer than the calyx and little excceding the obovate
lobes; filaments exserted beyond the corolla; anthers ovate; cells 6-8-ovuled; seeds without
mucilage or spiricles. Glandular-puberulent biennials, with simply pinnatifid leaves and rather
small flowers.

46. G. STENOTHYRSA, Gray. Stem stout, simple, very leafy, with a virgate thyrsus; leaf-lobes short,
oblong, the floral leaves small and entire; corolla 3’ long, white. See page 269.

47, G. PINNATIFIDA, Nutt. 9-18’ high, glabrate below; leaf-segments linear or narrow-oblong,
sometimes 1-2-lobed; panicle compound, loosely branched; bracts linear or subulate, few; corolla blue
or purplish, the tube and lobes each usually 2” long; stamens 3” long.—Northern New Mexico, Colorado,
and to 8. Idaho.

§ 11. MICROGILIA, Benth. Flowers very small, scattered along the slender branches in loose
spikes or panicles; calyx short-campanulate, 5-toothed; corolla white, salverform, the tube a
little exserted and slightly exceeding the lobes; stamens inserted on the tube, included; anthers
very short; ovules solitary. Much-branched subglabrous annuals, with small filiform or slender
subulate leaves,entire or the cauline 3-parted.

48. G. MINUTIFLORA, Benth. Glabrous or glandular-puberulent above, 1-2° high, rather rigid;
upper leaves reduced to minute scattered bracts; flowers terminal or often spicate along the strict
branchlets; calyx-teeth short, ovate-subulate, half as long as the narrow tube of the (scarcely 2” long)
corolla; filaments slender; capsule ellipsoidal, 2’ long; seed oblong.—Colorado and Central Oregon.

49, G. TENERRIMA, Gray. 14° high, glabrous; flowers loosely panicled, scattered on the slender
branchlets; leaves entire; calyx-teeth ovate, nearly equaling the globose capsules; seed ovoid. See
page 270.

§ 12, EUGILIA, Benth. Flowers panicled, capitate-clustered or more frequently scattered ; bracts
small ornone; corolla purple, blue or white, funnelform, or nearly campanulate or rotate; fila-
ments slender, in or near the sinuses, rarely exceeding the corolla; cells few-many-ovuled.
Mostly annuals, with incised or 2-3-pinnately divided leaves.

* Flowers in a long-peduncled head-like cyme; corolla mostly blue, funnelform, its tubes equaling
the lobes and not exserted; stamens at the sinuses; ovules rather numerous. Erect annuals, 1-3°
high; leaves 2-3-pinuately divided, the segments very narrow.

50. G. caprrata, Dougl. Slightly pubescent or nearly glabrous, as is usually the calyx; corolla-lobes

linear-lanceolate, nearly equaling the slightly dilated tube.—Oregon and California.

51. G. ACHILLYVoLis, Benth. Glabrous with slight deciduous wool, or glandular; flowers larger ;
calyx more or less woolly, tho lobes short-mucronate; corolla-lobes obovate or broad-oblong, the
throat abruptly and widely dilated.—California.

* * Flowers rather crowded or in the latter species loosely panicled or scattered ; corolla funnel-

form, with a more or less dilated throat ; stamens inserted at or near the sinuses; ovules many:
Low sometimes diffuse annuals, pubescent or glabrate ; mostly Californian.

52. G. MULTICAULIS, Benth. Leaves mostly bipinnatifid with narrow-linear segments; flowers clus-
tered, (often solitary in Var. TENERA,) terminating a slender peduncle, subsessile; calyx viscid, the tube
twice longer than the teeth; corolla violet, the proper tube shorter than the calyx, the obovate or ovate
lobes not exceeding the funuelform throat; capsule ovoid.

53. G. TRICOLUR, Benth. Diffuse; leaves 2-3-pinnatifid with linear or nearly filiform segments;
flowers corymbed or clustered on rather short terminal peduncles, the pedicels shorter than the viscid-
puberulent or rarely glabrous calyx; corolla-tube very short, the ample campanulate-funnelform throat
yellow or orange below and deep-purple above, the roundish lilac or violet lobes exceeding the stamens.

54. G. TENUIFLORA, Benth. Slender; lowest leaves bipinnately parted or incised with short seg-
ments, or sometimes simply pinnatifid; flowers loosely panicled on slender pedicels; corolla purple or
470 BOTANY.

pink, 7-9” long, long-funnelform, 4-5 times exceeding the calyx, the proper tube usually much exserted,
the broad obovate lobes exceeding the stamens.—S. California.

55. G. inconsricua, Doug]. Lowest leaves 1-2-pinnatifid; flowers becoming loosely panicled or
scattered, on slender pedicels; corolla purplish, 2-3 times exceeding the calyx, not exserted or slightly
so, the lobes mostly exceeding the stamens. See page 270.

* * * Flowers minute, very loosely panicled, on slender pedicels; corolla whitish, narrow-funnel-
form or subcampanulate; stamens inserted nearly at the sinuses, shorter than the lobes; ovules
many; the close seed-coat without mucilage or spiricles. Low diffusely much-branched annuals,
with the radical leaves simply pinnatifid or incised. ;

56. G. LEPTOMERIA, Gray. Obscurely glandular ; radical leaves slightly pinnatifid, the upper mostly
linear and entire; flowers numerous; corolla slender-funnelform, the tube becoming twice longer than
the calyx. See page 270, and Plate XXVI.

57 G. MIcRoMERIA, Gray. Lower leaves with oblong obtuse divaricate lobes, the upper linear,
entire; pedicels long and capillary, scattered; corolla oblong-campanulate, 1” long, little exceeding the
calyx. See page 271, and Plate XXVI.

* * * * Plowers scattered, on slender pedicels, rather large; corolla blue or white, campanulate
or rotate; anthers usually oblong; calyx-lobes lanceolate-subulate, exceeding the tube. Low or
slender, diffuse.

58. G. CAMPANULATA, Gray. Annual, 2-3’ high ; lower leaves lanceolate, sparingly toothed, above
linear-lanceolate and sometimes entire; corolla campanulate, moderately 5-lobed, the included stamens
inserted at the base. See page 271, and Plate XXVI.

59. G. mncisa, Benth. Annual, minutely puberulent or glabrous, slender, 1-2° high, effusely pan-
icled; lower leaves lyrate, the upper narrower and incised or toothed, on the branchlets nearly linear
and entire; pedicels filiform, rigid ; corolla rotate, almost 5-parted, the slender filaments inserted nearly
in the sinuses; cells many-ovuled.—E. Texas to Mexico.

60. G. RIGIDULA, Benth. Perennial, glabrous or viscid-glandular, diffusely branched, a span high ;
leaves pinnately or the upper nearly palmately parted, the lobes lanceolate, linear or slender-subulate ;
corolla 9-16” broad, blue, rotate, 5-parted, with broad obovate lobes ; filaments slender, inserted in the
sinuses; anthers linear or elongated-cblong ; cells several-ovuled.—_Texas to Arizona and Mexico.

POLEMONIUM.

§ 1. Corolla funnelform, exceeding the calyx, the tube usually elongated ; filaments barely hairy and
scarcely dilated at base. Viscid-glandular musk-scented dwarf perennials, with creeping root-
stocks and very small and numerous crowded leaflets.

1. P. CONFERTUM, Gray. Tufted; leaflets 3-5-cleft, segments round-oval to linear-oblong; flowers
clustered, nodding, looser in fruit; calyx-tube twice longer than the narrow-lobes; corolla-tube exceed-
ing the calyx and 2-4 times longer than its own rounded lobes. See page 271.

2. P. viscosum, Nutt. More dwarf; leaflets entire, ovate or rounded, 14 long; flowers looser,
subcorymbed ; calyx subcampanulate, lobes broadish, equaling the tube; corolla-tube equaling the calyx,
not exceeding its own lobes.—N. Colorado, (Nuttall.)

§ 2. Corolla rotate-campanulate, moderately exceeding the calyx; filaments dilated at base. Per-

ennials, with laxer infloresence ; leaflets entire, the upper often confluent.

3. P. c#RuLEUM, L. 1-3° high, leafy; flowers numerous; calyx cleft to the middle; stamens or
style usually exsert ; cells 7-12-ovuled, several-seeded. See page 272.

4. P. HUMILE, Willd. Pubescent, mostly glandular; stems a span high, 1-2-leaved; flowers few,
subcorymbed, rather long-pedicelled; calyx cleft beyond the middle; cells 2-4-ovuled, 1-2-seeded.—
Arctic America and Alaska, and southward in the mountains to Colorado and California.

5. P. Rmprans, L. Nearly glabrous, not viscid, 1° high, branching, leafy; leaflets 5-13 ; flowers few:
corymbed, nodding ; calyx-lobes shorter than the tube; cells about 3-ovuled, usually 1-seeded.—N. York
to Alabama and west to the plains.

§ 3. Corolla nearly rotate, shorter than the calyx; filaments dilated at base, very sparingly pilose-
ciliate. A low annual; leaflets entire.

6. P. MICRANTHUM, Benth. Somewhat viscid-pubescent, diffusely branched, small and decumbent ;
leaflets 5-13; flowers scattered or solitary, white; calyx deeply 5-cleft; cells 2-3-ovuled. See page 272.
APPENDIX. 471

CUSCUTA.

The following species belonging to this genus have been found within the limits of the United States
and are here arranged and distinguished nearly as by Dr. Grorar ENGELMANN in his revision of the
genus, published in the Transactions of the Academy of Svience of St. Louis, Vol. L., pp. 453-523, (1859.)

§ 1. EUGRAMMICA, Eng. Styles unequal, capillary; capsule bursting transversely, more or less
regularly. Stems filiform or capillary.

* Calyx- and corolla-lobes ovate, obtuse; flowers short; capsule irregularly circumscissile.

1. C. APPLANATA, Eng. Flowers 1-1} long, short-pedicelled or subsessile in dense often continuous
clusters ; lobes of the campanulate calyx equaling the broad campanulate corolla-tube and the spreading
at length reflexed corolla-lobes; anthers oblong, equaling the short subulate filaments; scales large,
wavy-laciniate, incurved ; styles exserted ; capsule depressed, 1” in diameter, surrounded by the corolla;
seeds strongly reticulate.—Arizona.

* * Calyx- and corolla-lobes acute; flowers larger; capsule almost always regularly circum-

scissile.

2. C. ODONTOLEPIS, Eng. Flowers 24” long, short-pedicelled, bracted, in at last large crowded clus-
ters; calyx short-campanulate, deeply parted, the ovate-triangular lobes about equaling the deeply cam-
panulate corolla; corolla-lobes ovate-lanceolate, spreading or reflexed, shorter than the tube; anthers
ovate, equaling the short subulate filaments; scales broad-ovate, adnate to the middle, nearly reaching
to the throat, coarsely dentate above ; style exserted ; ovary depressed-globose ; capsule globose, hooded
by the corolla; seeds oval, verrucose.—Arizona. Resembliug C. subinclusa.

3. C. UMBELLATA, HBK. Flowers 1-2" long, pedicelled, in loose compound fasciculate cymes; calyx
broad-campanulate, with triangular lobes; corolla-lobes narrow-lanceolate, longer tnan the tube, spread-
ing or reflexed ; scales broad-oval, exceeding the tube, incurved ; capsule small, thin, depressed, almost
4-lobed, sometimes irregularly bursting; seeds triangular, oblique-—W. Texas and Indian Territory to
Arizona and Mexico.

4, C. LEPTANTHA, Eng. Flowers 4-parted, slender, 2-2}” long, on filiform umbellately-fascicled ped-
icels; bracts ovate-acuminate; calyx globose-campanulate, granulate-hispid, the triangular lobes and the
lanceolate erect-spreading corolla-lobes much shorter than the corolla-tube ; anthers ovate, shorter than
the filiform filaments; scales ovate, dentate-fimbriate, much shorter than the tube; ovary globose;
styles at length exserted; capsule hooded with the slightly hispid corolla-tube; seeds globose-triangu-
Jar.—W. Texas. :

§ 2. CLISTOGRAMMICA, Eng. Styles unequal, cylindric; capsule baccate, never opening at

base.

* Flowers pedicelled; sepals united; ovary and capsule globose-compressed, with walls of uniform

thickness.

(a.) Flowers in simple or compound subglobose cymes; style usually short and thick; withered

corolla remaining at the base of the capsule.

5. C. OBTUSIFLORA, HBK. Stems bright orange-color ; inflorescence loose; calyx- and corolla-lobes
obtuse, those of the corolla usually equaling the tube and soon reflexed ; styles at last subulate ; capsule
large, depressed, almost naked, 4-seeded. Var. GLANDULOSA, Eng. Scales at least equaling the corolla-
tube, deeply fringed, incurved; all parts of the flower dotted with red shining glands.—Florida and
Georgia to W. Texas.

6. C. cHtorocarPa, Eng. Resembling the last ; lobes acute ; flowers 1” long, usually 4-parted, not
glandular ; scales small or wanting ; capsule greenish-yellow.—Delaware ; Illinois and Wisconsin to the
Indian Territory.

7. C. ARVENSIS, Beyr. Flowers smaller, in more compound clusters; lobes of the calyx very obtuse,
of the corolla acute, exceeding the tube, reflexed and the point inflexed ; scales large, deeply fimbriate ;
styles rather slender.—Calyx quite variable. Virginia to Florida, and from Illinois and the Saskatchewan
to Texas and New Mexico; Oregon.

(b.) Flowers in branching paniculate cymes ; styles capillary, at least equaling the ovary ; corolla

enwrapping or capping the ripe capsule.

8. C. TENUIFLORA, Eng. Flowers short-pedicelled, 1” long or less, mostly 4- often 3-parted ; lobes
all obtuse, much shorter than the slender corolla-tube; scales ovate or spatulate; capsule globose,
hooded. See page 273. The southwestern form has rather larger flowers and capsules.

9. C. Cativornica, Chois. Flowers 1-2} long, on slender pedicels, loosely panicled ; lobes all nar-
472 BOTANY.

rower, acute or acuminate, erect or spreading; scales wanting or more or less developed ; capsule envel-
oped in the corolla.—Quite variable. See page 273.
* * Sepals united; ovary and capsule with the wails thickened above, more or less conic.

(a.) Flowers subsessile, paniculate-glomerate ; withered corolla capping the 1-2-seeded capsule.

10. C. suBinciusa, Dur. & Hilg. Flowers 2-3” long, forming large clusters; calyx deeply cleft, the
lobes acutish, imbricate ; corolla-lobes ovate, acute, shorter than the slender tube; scales oblong, deeply
fringed ; styles slender; ovary 2-pointed ; capsule oval.—S. and Central California.

(b.) Flowers pedicelled, in rather loose paniculate cymes, often, becoming crowded; corolla-lobes

acute or rarely obtuse, inflexed ; styles unequal; capsule enveloped in the corolla.

11. C. pEcorA, Chois. Flowers 1” long or more, white, often papillose; calyx-lobes ovate or lanceo-
late, acute; corolla-lobes ovate-lanceolate; scales large, broad-oval; styles usually stout.—Variable.
Florida and from Illinois to Texas, the Indian Territory, New Mexico and Sonora.

12. C. INFLEXA, Eng. Flowers 1” long, like the last but with deeper subcylindric mostly 4-parted
corollas, at last only capping the capsule; lobes erect; scales minute; styles divaricate.—Virginia to
Georgia ; Illinois to Arkansas, Kansas and the Upper Missouri.

(e.) Inflorescence as in the last; corolla-lobes obtuse, not incurved; withered corolla surrounding

the base of the capsule. :

13. C. Gronovu, Willd. Flowers 14-1}” long ; corolla-tube deeply campanuilate, lobes flat, spread-
ing; scales large, oval, much fringed.—Variable, Canada to Florida and west to Missouri, Arkansas and
Texas. Var. (?) curTa, Eng. With very short bifid or truncate appressed scales; corolla capping the
large oval capsule.—N. W. America.

14. C. Rostrata, Shutt. Near the last; flowers 2-3” long, wider; scales rather small, deeply
fringed ; ovary elongated, bottle-shaped ; capsule, with the elongated 2-pointed beak, 2}-3” long.— Mary-
land to 8. Carolina.

* * * Sepals free, similar to the surrounding sterile bracts, imbricate ; ovary and capsule more or less

conic, thickened and fleshy at the apex; capsule capped with the corolla.

(a.) Flowers pedicelled, loosely panicled.

15, C. CUSPIDATA, Eng. Flowers about 2” long; upper bracts and the sepals ovate or orbicular, cus-
pidate or obtuse.—From Texas and New Mexico to the Platte.

(b.) Flowers closely sessile, crowded in compact often continuous clusters.

16. C. squamata, Eng. Stems filiform, orange-yellow; clusters 2-12-flowered; flowers 23” long;
the 2-5 membranous bracts broat-ovate, cuspidate, appressed ; sepals longer, more obtuse; scales ovate,
fimbriate ; styles capillary, exserted ; capsule ovate, apiculate, 1-2-seeded.—W. Texas.

17. C. GLomrrara, Chois. Clusters in two parallel continuous spiral lines, 6-10” thick; flowers
23-3” long, often sterile; bracts numerous, squarrose; corolla-lobes obtuse—From Ohio to Kansas and
southward to W. Texas; mostly on Composite.

18. C, compacta, Juss. Mostly on shrubs; fruiting clusters often 1-2/ in diameter; bracts (3-5) and
sepals appressed, orbicular.—From N. New York to Georgia and Alabama, and the Var. ADPRESSA west-
ward to Missouri and Texas.

§ 3. MONOGYNELLA, Eng. Styles united nearly to the apex, (or entirely,) thick and compressed ;
stigmas capitate; anthers sessile, (or nearly so;) capsule regularly circumscissile, usually 2-seeded.—
Stems thick, growing on woody plants; flowers sessile or short-pedicelled, bracteate, spicate-pani-
cled; capsule capped with the withered corolla.

19. C. ExaLTaTA, Eng. Lobes of the globose calyx nearly distinct, orbicular, concave, imbricate,
verrucose in the middle, equaling the cylindric corolla-tube; corolla-lobes orbicular, imbricate, much
shorter than the tube, erect or subspreading; anthers cordate-orbicular; scales 2-parted, dentate, short.—
Flowers 2” long; capsule 3-5” long; seeds 14” long or more. W. Texas and Mexico.

LYCIUM.

The North American species, as arranged by Dr. Gray in the Proc. Amer. Acad., Vol. VI, pp. 45-48,
(1862,) with the addition of the more recent species.

§ 1. Flowers large; corolla funnelform-tubular, 9-10” long, greenish; calyx loosely campanulate,

a at least to the middle, with subfoliaceous spreading lobes; anthers deciduously mucronate.
abrous.
APPENDIX. 473

1. L. PALLIDUM, Miers. See page 275,

§ 2. Flowers middle-sized but short, the corolla 6” long or less, the 4-5 lobes of the rotately expanded
limb longer than the tube. Glabrous with fleshy leaves.

2. L. Carorintanum, Walt. From 8. Carolina to the Rio Grande. Filaments very densely tomen-
tose-bearded above the base.

§ 3. Flowers smaller, the corolla 2-6” long and the lobes (usually much) shorter than the tube.

* Calyx deeply 5-cleft, the lobes equaling the tube and about half as long as the shortly 5-lobed nar-
row corolla; pedicels mostly none or very short. Puberulent, spiny.

3. L. MACRODON, Gray. Younger branches pubescent; leaves glabrate, spatulate-oblanceolate,
nerveless, fascicled, 2-4’ long ; pedicels not over 14’ long; lobes of the minutely viscid calyx narrowly
linear, twice longer than the shortly campanulate (1} long) tube; corolla 6” long, narrow; anthers
oval-oblong, scarcely exserted ; filaments slightly hirsute toward the base.—California, (Frémont.)

4, L. PUBERULUM, Gray. Much-branched, 2-4° high; spines numerous, slender; leaves obovate or
oblong-spatulate, 4-8’ long, 1-nerved beneath, fascicled, minutely pruinose-pubescent, as also the slender
branchlets and calyx; flowers sessile; calyx-lobes narrow-oblong, obtuse, 14” ‘long, exceeding the sub-
hemispherical tube ; corolla 44-5” long, white with a greenish margin, pubescent within toward the base,
the short ovate lobes recurved ; anthers cordate-globular; filaments glabrous.—W. Texas, (1609 Wright.)

5. L. ParMent, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad. 8.292. Subpubescent, unarmed (?); branches slender; leaves
narrow-spatulate, 6-8” long; flowers rather shortly pedicelled, tetramerous ; calyx-lobes lanceolate, ob-
tusish, slightly exceeding the campanulate tube, at least one lobe a little the larger; corolla 5” long, a
third longer than the calyx, the limb 4’ wide, the broadly oval lobes puberulent-ciliolate, a little shorter
than the tube; anthers oblong; filaments very woolly at base.—Sonora, (Palmer.)

6. L. Coorrri, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad. '7. 388. Stems 2° high, branches stout; spines very short ;
leaves viscid-puberulent, spatulate, retuse, rather rigid, few-veined, 6-9” long with the petiole ; calyx
cylindric-campanulate, abruptly contracted into a pedicel of equal length, (3-4”,) viscid-pubescent, the
oblong obtuse lobes equaling the tube and half-shorter than the funnelform (6” long) corolla ; corolla-
lobes ovate, very much shorter than the tube; anthers oval, minutely mucronate; filaments hairy at
base.—S. California,

* * Calyx strongly 4-5-toothed, the lanceolate teeth a little shorter than the tube; pedicels shorter

than the calyx or equaling it. Glabrous or nearly so, spinescent.

7. L. BREVIPES, Benth. Lower California; little known. Calyx scarcely 1” long, the teeth lanceo-
late, acute; corolla 3-5” long.

8. L. Ricum, Gray. Leaves spatulate, 3-5’ long, minutely puberulent when young or nearly glab-
rous; flowers tetramerous; pedicels 1-2” long; calyx campanulate, the broad-lanceolate acutish teeth
about equaling the tube, somewhat recurved-spreading ; corolla 4" long, the tube glabrous within, twice
longér than the calyx-tube and the oval naked lobes ; filaments villous at base; anthers oblong.—
California.

* * * Calyx with 4-5 short or very short broad teeth, sometimes 2-3-labiately cleft.
(a.) Subpuberulent ; filaments naked or scarcely hairy at base, not exceeding the corolla.

9. L. Frimonti, Gray. Leaves spatulate, 6-9’ long, finely puberulent, as also the pedicels and
calyx; -pedicels 3-7” (or sometimes but 2”) long; calyx cylindric, 2-3” long, the tube 4 times longer than
the teeth; corolla tubular, 44-6” long, the tube 4 times longer than the 5 lobes, glabrous or slightly pu-
bescent within.—S. California or 8. Nevada, (Frémont;) Arizona, (Bigelow.)

10. L. ANDERSONU, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad. 7. 388. Glabrous; flowers tetramerous; calyx short-
campanulate, 14 long or less. See page 275.

(b.) Glabrous ; filaments hairy at base; fascicles of leaves from a usually woolly base.

11. L. Torreyi, Gray. Leaves lanceolate-spatulate, rather thick, 6-18’ long; pedicels fascicled,
2-5" long; flowers pentamerous; corolla tubular-funnelform, 5-6” long, blue or purple, 4 times longer
than the campanulate subequally 5-toothed often tomentulose-ciliate calyx, the corolla-lobes also tomen-
tose-ciliate-—From W. Texas to S. California.

12. L. BARBINODUM, Miers. Leaves linear-spatulate, 6-12” long; pedicels 14” long, equaling the
calyx; flowers pentamerous ; corolla 3” long, campanulate above the narrow tube, 2-3 times longer than
the usually cleft calyx, the short lobes sparingly hairy-ciliate.—Mexico.

13. L. BeRLANDIERI, Dunal. Leaves linear-spatulate or linear, narrowed at base, 4-7" Jong ; flowers
mostly tetramerous; pedicels 14-3” long; corolla white, 3-3} long, funnelform with dilated throat,
shortly 4-lobed or more deeply 4-cleft, 3-4 times exceeding the short sometimes cleft calyx ; stamens and
style usually exserted ; berries red.—S. W. Texas, N. E. Mexico and 8. Arizona.

60
474. BOTANY.

x

14. L. PARVIFLORUM, Gray. Leaves linear-spatulate, 2-5” long; pedicels 1-14" long ; flowers tetra-
merous; calyx equally 4-toothed or 2-3-cleft; corolla 2” long, 2-3 times exceeding the calyx, the throat
dilated, and lobes half-shorter than the tube.—Arizona.

NYCTAGINACE.A.

The following conspectus of the N. American genera of the order is (with some additions) essentially
as given by Dr. Gray in the Botany of the Mexican Boundary, pp. 172-175. The synopsis of the genus
Abronia is the result of an examination of the collections of Drs. Gray and Torrey and Prof. Eaton.

I. MIRABILEA, Gray. Involucre calyx-shaped, of united bracts, 1-12-flowered. Stigma capitate,

granulate.
* Fruit symmetrical, wingless; involucre 5-cleft.

1. MIRABILIS, L. Fruit smooth, not angled, scarcely or not at all ribbed, ovoid; involucre herb-
aceous, unchanged in fruit ; stamens most usually 5.

2. OXYBAPHUS, L’Her. Fruit with 5 stout ribs, obovate or clavate; involucre enlarged in fruit,
broad-rotate, scarious, reticulated; stamens most usually 3.

* * Fruit smooth, sometimes furrowed, with winged rigid mostly dentate inflexed margins, with a
double line of stipitate tubercles between ; involucre 3-parted, 3-flowered, not scarious-dilated in
fruit.

3. ALLIONIA, L. The only species, A. IncaRNATA, L., is found in W. Texas and westward along the
Mexican boundary to 8. California; also in Peru. Involucral leaves ovate, concave, scarcely united
at base; calyx campanulate-funnelform, mostly 4-lobed, the lobes notched ; stamens usually 3, included ;
fruit oval.

Il. ABRONIEZ, Gray. Involucre perfect, of 5-15 distinct bracts, subtending a many-flowered

head. Stigma capitate or linear-clavate.

4, NYCTAGINIA, Chois. Calyx tubular-funnelform with entire lobes; stamens and style long-ex-
serted ; fruit nut-like, asin Mirabilis, without ribs—The only species, N. carrrata, Chois., occurs in W.
Texas and N. E. Mexico. Pubescent; leaves triangular-acuminate, undulate, attenuate into the petiole;
involucre of 8-12 linear-lanceolate very acute leaflets, 4-6” long; calyx villous, red, 1’ long, the limb
5-plicate. :

5. ABRONIA, Juss. Calyx salverform with obcordate lobes ; stamens and style included ; the perfect
fruit 5-winged ; embryo by abortion monocotyledonous.

Ill, ACLEISANTHE, Gray. Involucre imperfect, of 2-3 small bractlets to each flower, or none;

stigma smooth, peltate or cap-shaped.

6. SELINOCARPUS, Gray. Fruit with 5, or by abortion 3, veinless wings.—Three species, occur-
ring in 8S. New Mexico and the valley of the Rio Grande, viz :—

_ %.DirFusus, Gray. Scabrous and subviscid; stems much-branched, depressed or spreading-diffuse }
leaves ovate or ovate-oblong ; flowers usually in pairs, subsessile ; calyx-tube 1}/ long; stamens 5.
8. CHENOPODIOIDES, Gray. Grayish pulverulent, erect; leaves broadly ovate or subcordate; flowers
. cymulose-fascicled, pedicelled, small; calyx short cup-shaped, the tube nearly none; stamens 2.

S. aANGuSTIFoLIUs, Gray. Subviscid-puberulent; stems slender, 6-10’ high ; leaves narrow-elliptic ;
flowers solitary, at length pendent; calyx funnelform, tube 1-2” long; stamens 5. ,

7, ACLEISANTHES, Gray. Fruit and calyx (long-tubular) as in Mirabilis—Four species, occurring
in W. Texas and adjoining Mexico, viz :—

A. cRassiromia, Gray. Scabrous-puberulent, decumbent; leaves thick, ovate, rounded at base;
calyx-tube 14-2’ long, the limb 6”; fruit ovoid, scarcely costate.

A. LONGIFOLIA, Gray. Glabrous, divaricately branched ; leaves deltoid-ovate or rhomboid-lance-
olate ; calyx-tube 5-6’ long; fruit cylindrical, 5-angled.

A, BERLANDIERI, Gray. Glabrous, diffuse; leaves cordate, reniform or ovate ; calyx 1-2! long, the
tube 2-3 times longer than the limb.

A. ANISOPHYLLA, Gray. Nearly glabrous, prostrate ; leaves oval or ovate, oblique at base, very une-
qually paired; calyx-tube 14-2’ long, many times the limb ; fruit 10-costate, 2” long.

8. PENTACHROPHYS, Gray. Fruit cylindrical, 5-ribbed, the ribs glandular and usually thickened
toward the summit.—The only species, P. WricuTn, Gray, is found in W. Texas and adjoining Mexico.
Slender tube of the calyx 1}/ long; stamens exserted; fruit 3-4” long. :
APPENDIX. 475

9. BOERHAAVIA, L. Fruit with 5, or sometimes 10, ribs or angles; flowers usually panicled or
racemose.—About a dozen species occur upon both sides of the Mexican boundary from W. Texas to
Arizona.

10. PISONIA, L. Flowers dimcious, cymose-corymbed or umbeled; calyx'of the staminate flower
campanulate, of the p’stillate flower cylindrical; fruit terete or ribbed, smooth or glandular. Trees
or shrubs.—Two species common from the West Indies to Brazil are found in S. Florida; P. acuLEaTA,
L., spiny, with alternate leaves and clavate glandular fruit, and P. oprusara, Sw., spineless, with opposite
leaves and oblong glandless fruit.

IV. BOUGAINVILLES, Chois. Involucre bract-like, large, dilated.

11. HERMIDIUM, 8S. Watson. Flowers approximate in a head-like cluster, each pedicel adnate to

the midvein of the cordate colored bract; flower and fruit nearly as in Mirabilis. See page 286.

MIRABILIS.

§ 1. NYCTAGE, Royen. Involucre 1-flowered. Calyx long-tubular or funnelform. Flowers large.

J. M. Jatapa, L. Cultivated.

2. M. LoNGIFLoRA, L. Viscid-pubescent, diffuse ; flowers sessile, clustered: involucral-lobes linear ;
calyx-tube very long.—W. Texas to 8. Arizona and Northern Mexico.

§ 2. QUAMOCLIDION, Chois. Nearly as the last, but the involucre 3-12-flowered.

3. M. rrirtora, Benth. Involucre villous, 3” long ; calyx 6-12” long.—Mexico.

4. M. MULTIFLORA, Gray. Involucre glabrous, campanulate, 1/long, 5-cleft; calyx 2’ long; stamens
4-5.—S. California to New Mexico.

§ 3. OXYBAPHOIDES, Gray. Involucre 1-3-flowered. Calyx broad-funnelform from a short tube;

flowers rather small.
5. M. OXYBAPHOIDES, Gray. Involucre 3-flowered, 5-parted ; stamens 3.—W. Mexico.
6, M. Catirornica, Gray. Involucre 1-flowered, 5-cleft; stamens mostly 5. See page 284.

OXYBAPHUS.

§ 1. Calyx short, subcampanulate or rotate-funnelform, slightly exceeding the involucre.
* Fruit glabrous, usually tuberculate along the ribs and sometimes between them ; involucre
1-3-flowered.

1. O. viscosus, L’Her.—Mexico. /
2. O. GLABRIFOLIUS, Vahl. Flowers in crowded clusters terminating the branches.—Mexico. A

variety with 2-3-flowered involucre occurs in W. Texas.
3. O. AGGREGATUS, Vahl. Peduncles solitary, axillary, villous, somewhat nodding.—W. Texas and
Mexico.
* * Fruit pubescent; involucre always 3-5-flowered.
4. O. NYCTAGINEUS, Sweet. Leaves all petioled, (except the uppermost reduced ones,) obtuse or
cordate at base; fruit rather hirsute, sometimes subreticulate-rugose between the ribs.—Variable.

Wiscousin and the Upper Missouri to Texas and New Mexico.
5. O. ALBIDUS, Sweet. Nearly glabrous except the inflorescence ; leaves all subsessile, lanceolate or
oblong-lanceolate, acute at -base; fruit more hirsute, muriculate along or between the ribs.—N. Carolina

to Texas.
6. O. HIRSUTUS, Sweet. 1° high, hirsute throughout; leaves lanceolate, thick, the lower short-

petioled ; fruit of O. nyctagineus—From the Saskatchewan to W. Texas.
7. O. ANGUSTIFOLIUS, Sweet. 1-6° high, glabrous except the peduncles and involucres ; leaves linear ;
fruit pubescent. See page 284.
§ 2. Calyx more narrowly funnelform, several times exceeding the involucre ; fruit clavate-oblong,
apiculate, pubescent, deeply sulcate between the stout ribs.

8. O. coccrnEus, Torr. Resembling the last. New Mexico; N. Sonora.
9. O. Frapeci, Behr. Trans. Calif. Acad. 1. 69. Scarious; leaves cordate ; involucre 5-flowered ;

stamens 5; fruit undescribed.—A doubtful species. §, California.
476 BOTANY.

ABRONIA

Most of the species of this genus have been but imperfectly characterized and are not always readily
determinable from dried specimens, especially if without fruit. They seem to be distinguishable as
follows.

§ 1.-Fruit coriaceous, without a rigid body, the cavity extending through the entire wing; wings

truncate or abruptly attenuate above.

1. A. ARENARIA, Menz. Root perennial; stems procumbent ; leaves very thick, subcordate-rounded
or reniform, on thick petioles; involucral leaflets rounded or ovate, herbaceous, 2-4” long; flowers
orange-yellow, fragrant; wings rather short, (1-2” broad,) coarsely reticulate——On the sea-coast from
S. California to Puget Sound.

2. A. FRAGRANS, Nutt. Root perennial; stems ascending ; leaves oblong or ovate; involucre conspic-
uous, of broad ovate scarious leaflets ; flowers white ; fruit nearly as in the last. See page 284,

3. A. TURBINATA, Torr. Resembling the last, but annual; stems decumbent or ascending; leaves
broadly ovate or oblong; involucral leaflets mostly narrow-lanceolate, subherbaceous ; flowers pink ;
wings of regularly formed fruit horizontally crested at the apex, narrow. See page 285, and
Plate XXXI.

§ 2. Body of the fruit more rigid or ligneous, the wings consisting of a single lamina.

* Wings more or less attenuate above and terminating below the apex of the fruit, cross-veined.

4. A. UMBELLATA, Lam. Annual; stems decumbent; leaves oblong or ovate, attenuate at base into
w slender petiole; involucral leaflets small, lanceolate, subherbaceous, 2-3 long; flowers pink ; fruit
mostly rigid-coriaceous, the wings often broad-rounded, submembranous.—From 8. California to Wash-
ington Territory, confined principally to the sea-coast. Collected by Dr. Palmer in 8. Utah. See
Plate XXXI.

5. A. MELLIFERA, Doug]. Leaves ovate or oblong, rounded or truncate at base; involucral leaflets
oblong-lanceolate, white and scarious, 3-6” long ; flowers white; fruit with the wings laterally elon-
gated and narrowed, 3-4’ long.—Closely resembling the last. Oregon and Washington Territory, in the
interior.

* * Wings orbicular and encircling the body, membranous and strongly reticulated.
6. A. CYCLOPTERA, Gray. Annual; stems ascending; leaves oblong or ovate, more or less cuneate at

base; involucral leaflets ovate or narrow-lanceolate, 2-5’ long; fruit 6-12’ in diameter; seed 2}-4”
long. See page 285.

ERIOGONEZE.

Condensed from the recent “Revision of the Eriogonew,” by Drs. Torrey and Gray, in Proc. Amer.
Acad., Vol. VIIL., pp. 145-200, (1870.)

Tribe I. EUERIOGONEZ. Involucre remaining unchanged, nearly always calyx-like, rarely none.
Leaves entire.

* Involucre represented by the 3-4 outer empty rounded bracts surrounding the head of short-pedi-
celled bracted flowers. 5

1. NEMACAULIS, Nutt. A single species, N. Nurratiu, Benth., of 8. California; annual; leaves
radical and woolly ; bracts also woolly within.

* * Jnvolucre gamophyllous; perigonium usually corolla-like.

2. ERIOGONUM, Michx. Involucre many-few-flowered, its lobes pointless; pedicels exserted,
jointed to the flower, with slight bractlets at the base; achenium triangular.

3. OXYTHECA, Nutt. As in the last, but the 4 involucral lobes awned, its tube naked; achenium
lenticular.—Three species, all occurring in Nevada. See pages 310, 311.

4. CENTROSTEGIA, Gray. Involucre 1-3-flowered, 3-6-spurred near the base.—Two species, of S.
California; low nearly glabrous annuals; C. THURBER, Gray, having an involucre with 5 ovate teeth
and 3 conical spurs, and C. LEPTOCERAS, Gray, with a narrowly 6-cleft involucre and 6 bristle-like spurs.

7 5. CHORIZANTHE, R. Br. Involuere 1-flowered, unappendaged ; flower mostly included; pedicel
jointed, usually short or almost wanting.
~ APPENDIX. A477

* * * TInvolucre none.

6. LASTARRLEA, Remy. Perigonium subcoriaceous and resembling the involucre of Chorizanthe is
stamens inserted at the throat.—A single Chilian species, L. Cumensis, Remy, introduced into Cali-
fornia.

Tribe II. PTEROSTEGIE.Z. Involucre of a single 2-lobed bract embracing the solitary flower, be-
coming dilated and reticulated in fruit and 2-gibbous-saccate on the back.

7. PTEROSTEGIA, I. & M. Two species of Southern and Lower California, annuals, with opposite
more or less lobed and sometimes toothed leaves ;—P. prymanrorprs, F. & M., with the fruiting involu-
cre 1-14” long, dentate on the margin; and P. Macrorrera, Benth., with the involucre + long, sinuate-

margined.
ERIOGONUM.

§ 1, ALATA, Benth. Achenium 3-winged; embryo in the axis, straight or nearly so; calyx 6-parted,
not produced at base. Perennials or biennials, the scapelike stems 1-3° high ; involucres mostly
loug-peduncled, loosely cymose-panicled ; leaves radical, spatulate or lanceolate ; pubescence loose.

1. E. wmraciroLium, Benth. Cinereous-pubescent, the leaves subtomentose and somewhat silky-
villous ; flowers more or less pubescent, with the filaments and ovary subhirsute, yellow, (or rose-color 3)
panicle many-flowered ; achenium winged only above the middle—W. Texas.

2. EH. aLatum, Torr. Tall, more or less hirsute-villous; panicle decompound; flowers glabrous,
small, yellowish; invoulcres numerous, 5-toothed; achenium winged nearly to the base, wings rather
broad, thin.—From the Platte to W. Texas and New Mexico.

3. E. ATRORUBENS, Eng. Leaves villous-pubescent ; scape more or less inflated, dichotomously di-
vided into a loose cyme ; involucres few, long-peduncled, 5-7-toothed ; flowers glabrous, reddish ; wings
as long as the achenium, narrow and thickened.—Chihuahua.

§ 2. ERIANTHA, Benth. Achenium wingless, (as in all the remaining sections;) embryo straight,
axile, the radicle shorter than the broad cotyledons; flowers villous or silky, with a narrow elon-
gated base. Perennials, with branching leafy stems, alternate or verticillate leaves, tomentose
beneath, and solitary mostly sessile involucres.

* Leaves alternate, narrow ; panicle open, naked; calyx herbaceous, the lobes alike.

4, E. Loneirorium, Nutt. Tall, 2-4° high; lower involucres more or less peduncled.—Florida, Ar-
kansas and Texas.

* * Leaves in whorls of 3-5, oval or oblong; cyme dichotomous, leafy ; involucres sessile, many-

flowered ; calyx white and somewhat corolla-like, inner lobes often the longer.

5. E. TOMENTOSUM, Mx. Tall, herbaceous, very leafy ; leaves obovate or oval, flat, tomentum col-
ored; calyx tomentose, the tube elongated, lobes broadly ovate.—South Carolina to Florida.

6. E. uNDULATUM, Benth. Low and woody ; leaves undulate; flowers smaller.—Mexico.

7. E. James, Benth. Low, woody at base; cauline leaves few, spatulate or oblong, tomentum
white; calyx villous-silky, with obovate or spatulate lobes—From the Platte to W. Texas and New
Mexico.

§ 3. UMBELLATA, Benth. Flowers as in § 2; involucres many-flowered, solitary or rarely capitate,
or in simple or compound terminal umbels; ovary usually sparingly hirsute above; embryo nearly
straight, equaling or exceeding the more or less eccentric cotyledons.—Perennials, mostly low,
sometimes woody; leaves usually white-woolly and mostly spatulate; flowers nearly always
yellow.

* Calyx villous or pubescent externally, (except in LZ. Kellogii.)

(a.) Involucre campanulate, repand-dentate with 5-7 teeth ; umbel usually many-rayed with an in-
volucre of as many (2-8) about equal leaves; embryo straight.

8. E. rLavem, Nutt. Silky-woolly ; scapes 3-6’ high ; leaves spatulate or lance-oblong or subovate,
crowded ; calyx yellow, silky-villous, 3’ long.—From the Saskatchewan to W. Kansas and Colorado;
Oregon.

(b.) Involucre lobed, solitary, naked, or sometimes 2-3 together in an imperfect 2-3-rayed umbel or
head ; embryo eccentric, often incurved. The first species with small leaves and a top-shaped invo-
lucre with broad scarcely spreading teeth, the remainder larger-leaved and the deeply 6-8-cleft
involucre with narrow and at length reflexed lobes. 3

9. E. rHymorpes, Benth. Woody, cespitose, cinereous-tomentose, the numerous branches very leafy
at base, a span high; leaves 2-3 long, margin revolute; the peduncle with a whorl below the middle ;
calyx densely retrorse-villous at base.—Washington Territory.
478 . BOTANY.

10. E. caspirosum, Nutt. Acaulescent, the leafless scapes 1-4’ high; involucres solitary. See
page 298.

11.°E. Doverasn, Benth. “Densely white-woolly, woody at base and depressed cespitose with nu-
merous branches and rosulate leaves, the scapelike peduncle with a medial whorl of leaves and 1-3
ebracteate terminal involucres; flowers 4” long, numerous, with broad-obovate lobes.—Washington Ter-
ritory, (Douglas.)

12. E. Kew.ocu, Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad. 8, 293. Broadly matted-ceespitose with filiform substo-
loniferous branches; leaves rosulate, 3-4” long, silky-hoary ; scape 3/ high, with a medial whorl of 3-4
leaves, and a solitary terminal involucre; flowers fewer, yellow or pinkish, glabrous externally, 2-3” long
on a slender stipelike base, lobes oval or obovate.—Red Mountain, California, (Kellogg.)

13. E. sPpHEROCEPHALUM, Dougl. Caulescent; branches leafy, many-flowered, with short pedicels.
See page 299.

* * Calyx glabrous externally, with a slender stipelike base.
(a.) Wholly glabrous, excepting the villous base of the filaments.

14. E. TorrEyaNuM, Gray. Leaves mostly crowded on the caudex ; stems rather stout, a span or
more high, naked or with a single leaf in the middle, bearing a usually simple 3-4-rayed umbel subtended
by a whorl of smaller leaves ; flowers yellow, very numerous in the 7-8-cleft involucre, 4-44” long, with
a short base, lobes spatulate-obovate.—Near Donner Pass, California, (Torrey.)

(b.) Woolly, tomentose or webby, or at length glabrate; filaments villous at base; involucre usually
deeply 5-9-cleft, with spreading or reflexed lobes and numerous middle-sized flowers. The first
species has the stems ascending, more or less leafy and branched ; in the rest the scapelike pedun-
cles rise from a prostrate or decumbent caudex, and are simple, leafless or with usually but a single
whorl of leaves, and bearing a simple or compound umbel, rarely reduced to a solitary involucre.

15. E. potyanruum, Benth. Leaves mostly verticillate, ovate or oblong, acute, white-woolly ; pe-
duncles solitary or few and umbellate ; flowers yellow ; embryo straight.—California.

16. E. composirum, Dougl. Scape usually stout, 14° high, naked, fistulous, with a compound many-
rayed umbel, involucrate with linear or lanceolate bracts ; involucre about 5-cleft; flowers whitish ;
radical leaves oblong-ovate and cordate, densely tomentose beneath.—N. California to Washington
Territory.

17, E. HERACLEOIDES, Nutt. More slender; scape with a simple or compound umbel and usually a
medial whorl of leaves; flowers yellowish, on a very slender stipe; leaves spatulate-oblong or oblanceo-
late. See page 299.

18. E. UMBELLATUM, Torr. Scape 4-12’ high, naked except the verticillate bracts; umbel simple,
rarely subcompound, or sometimes reduced to 1-few capitate involucres; leaves obovate-spatulate or
oval. See page 300.

(c.) With the habit and inflorescence of the last species; scapes very slender, 1-10’ high, Jeafiess,
bearing a simple small-bracted umbel; central involucre sessile ; flowers smaller and less numer-
ous in the 5-7-toothed involucre, on a short base, subdicecious, the sterile umbel contracted and
capitate ; filaments pubescent at base.

19, E. Marirotium, T. & G. Loosely cespitose, with the habit of H. umbellatum ; leaves 3-5” Tong,
ovate, rounded at base or abruptly narrowed into a longer petiole, white-tomentose or above glabrate ;
flowers dull-yellow or pinkish; seed lanceolate; cotyledons ovate-oblong, exceeding the radicle.—
California.

20. E. iscanum, T. & G. More densely cxespitose; leaves very numerous, oblong or spatulate, nar-
rowed into a petiole not exceeding the 4’ long blade, hoary-tomentose both sides; flowers bright-yellow ;
seed ovate-acuminate; cotyledons oval-rounded, equaling the radicle.—California.

§ 4. PSEUDO-UMBELLATA, T. & G. Base of the flower very short, abruptly contracted; involu-
eres umbeled, very rarely solitary, many-flowered ; umbel leafy-bracted, terminating « naked or
1-leaved scape ; calyx 6-parted, with obovate equal segments, whitish or only yellowish, 2-3” long;
ovary glabrous, or in the first species loosely villous above the middle. Low cexspitose penommiale
with crowded leaves. :

21. E, pyRoLzrotium, Hook. Glabrate, (or villous-woolly and tomentose in Var. CoRYPHUM;)
leaves obovate or broad-spatulate, (or ovate ;) umbel 2-bracted, of 3-5 very short rays; involucre cain:
panulate, villous; calyx slightly villous at base—Mt. Shasta and Washington ereiiotg.

22. E. ANDROSACEUM, Benth. Leaves oblanceolate or spatulate, white-woolly beneath, glabrate
above ; scape 2-3' high, rarely 1-leaved ; umbel 4-7-rayed, simple or subcapitate, with a shin! of linear
bracts ; involucre oblong-campanulate, 5-toothed ; calyx pubescent at base ; filaments nearly glabrous;
radicle accumbent upon the shorter rounded very eccentric cotyledons.—Rocky Mts. of British daneiies.
APPENDIX: 479

23. E. Lossir, T. & G. Leaves subrounded ; umbel somewhat compound, dense ; bracts obovate or
lanceolate ; calyx glabrous. See page 300.

§ 5. LACHNOGYNA, T. & G. Calyx with the broad base not at all produced, woolly, 6-parted, seg-
ments oblong and equal; ovary exceedingly tomentose ; filaments hairy at base; involucres few,
capitate, or in a few subcymose heads, or solitary, short, 3-5-toothed.—Hoary cespitose perennials ;
leaves narrow, very crowded ; scape naked or almost none ; flowers small, yellow.

24, E. acauLe, Nutt. Matted cxspitose, nearly scapeless ; involucres 1-5, subsessile ; leaves linear-

oblong, sessile. See page 300.

25. E, LACHNOGYNuUM, Torr. Branches of the caudex very short and crowded; scape a span to 1°
high, slender; leaves lanceolate or lance-oblong, 1’ long, acute, petioled, more or less revolutely margined,
silky above, tomentose beneath ; calyx silky-woolly, yellow within; embryo strongly eccentric.—8. Colo-
rado and New Mexico.

§ 6. HETEROSEPALA, T. & G. As in all the remaining sections, the flower with the usually broad
base not at all produced, the ovary glabrous or nearly so, the embryo incurved, and the ascending
radicle much exceeding the usually rounded accumbent cotyledons ; involucres capitate or umbel-
late-cymose on a simple naked scape, 5-8-toothed ; calyx glabrous, petaloid, 6-parted, the outer
segments enlarged and rounded, at length cordate and auricled at base, the inner narrow, spatu-
late, emarginate and connivent, each with 3 stamens on the clawlike base; filaments villous at
base. Cespitose-acaulescent white-woolly perennials; leaves oval or rounded, petioled, crowded ;
bracts very small.

26. E. PROLIFERUM, T. & G. Umbel proliferous-compound, with the central involucres sessile ; outer
segments of the rose-colored calyx becoming but slightly cordate at base.—Idaho and Washington
Territory.

27. E. ovALIroLium, Nutt. Involucres few in simple heads; outer calycine segments usually deeply
cordate at base. See page 301.

§ 7. CAPITATA, T. & G. Involucres sessile, capitate; the usually naked globose heads solitary or
subumbellate upon a naked simple peduncle; calyx mostly glabrous, the segments similar. White-
woolly perennials.

* Low, ceespitose, acaulescent ; head solitary ; involucres few, 5-7-toothed; flowers not very numer-
ous; bractlets slightly barbellate.

‘

28. E. Krner, T: & G. Loosely woolly; leaves spatulate or rounded, or sometimes sublanceolate ;
calyx-segments obovate-subcuneate, emarginate. See page 301. '

29. E. MuLTICEPS, Nees. Very white with appressed wool; branches of the caudex ascending, leafy ;
leaves oblong-spatulate or oblanceolate, long-attenuate at base ; scape 3-5’ high ; involucres 5-10, tubu-
lar, 5-toothed, shorter than some of the bracts; calyx white or yellowish, somewhat'woolly, lobes obo-
vate-cuneate, retuse.—S. Wyoming.

30. E. PAUCIFLORUM, Pursh. Becoming glabrous; branches of the caudex very short and crowded ;
leaves linear or subspatulate, revolute-margined ; involucres 5-10, turbinate-campanulate, 5-toothed ;
calyx white, glabrous, lobes oval; filaments pubescent below.—Nebraska ; Colorado.

* * Taller, subacaulescent ; heads solitary or few and umbeled upon the stout naked peduucle ; in-
volucres short-campanulate, truncate, very many-flowered, the 5-8 teeth united by a membrane ;
calyx white, glabrous, lobes broad ; bractlets very villous-plumose, at length exserted.

31. E. yatirotium, Sm. 1-2° high, the webby wool more or less deciduous ; leaves 1-2’ long, oval,
base broad and rounded or cordate; involucres 5-12, woolly, 5-toothed, the head sometimes 1’ broad ;
calyx-lobes broad-ovate.—Coast of California.

32. E. oBLONGIFOLIUM, Benth. More slender, }-1° high; leaves oblong and oval, base usually acute ;
involucres glabrate, 6-8-toothed ; calyx-segments oblong-obovate.—Coast of California.

§ 8. CAPITELLATA, T. & G. Involucres truncate, subdentate, many-flowered, usually by threes or
twos in small heads upon a tall naked sometimes fistulous scape, those in the forks solitary; calyx
6-parted, the nearly equal lobes obovate-oblong; bractlets plumose. Acaulescent perennials ;
scape and involucres glabrate or glabrous; leaves broad, usually undulate ; flowers white.

33. E. nupuM, Dougl. Leaves hoary-tomentose beneath, ovate or obovate, usually subcordate at,
base and long-petioled; panicle dichotomous with long branches; involucres cylindric-campanulate,
6-8-toothed, those in: the forks sessile-—Very variable. Oregon and California.

34. E. eLaTuM, Dougl. Leaves villous-pubescent, narrower, usually attenuate at base; involucres
more top-shaped, 5-toothed, pedicelled in the forks, the rest subglomerate. See page 302.

§ 9. FASCICULATA, Benth. Involucres truncate, subdentate, very many-flowered, in small bracte-
480 BOTANY.

ate heads terminating the dichotomous or cymose-umbellate peduncles, the alar (or apparently lat-
eral) ones sessile ; bractlets plumose. Shrubby, leafy; leaves small, alternate and fascicled in the
axils, hoary beneath, usually revolute-margined ; flowers white or pinkish.—Coast of California,
mostly southern.

35. E. crnernum, Benth. 3-5° high, loosely branched, puberulent ; leaves orbieular to ovate, 4-1’
long, undulate, short-petioled, but little fascicled ; flowers not very numerous, silky-villous ; peduncles
elongated, nearly naked, dichotomous; heads few ; radicle slightly inflexed; cotyledons oval.

36. E. parvirotium, Sm. At first webby-woolly ; leaves small, very numerous upon the branches,
ovate or ovate-lanceolate, undulate, with an abrupt or obtuse base; peduncles di-trichotomous ; flowers
glabrous, very numerous, the involucres often subracemose along the lengthened axis.

37. E. rascIcuLATUM, Benth. Leaves numerous, oblong-linear or linear-spatulate, strongly revo-
lute; peduncles slender, naked, usually umbellately divided into 3-6 rays; flowers glabrous or puberu-
Jent, very numerous.—Variable. See page 302.

§ 10. CORYMBOSA, Benth. Involucres many-flowered, 5-6-toothed, cymose by the repeated umbel-
late and 2-3-chotomous subdivision of the summit of the naked peduncle, the pedicels short or
none; calyx glabrous, 6-parted, the inner segments usually smaller, leaves mostly narrow and at
or near the base of the stems alternate, more or less white-woolly, not cordate.

* Shrubs, or the stems sometimes short and but little woody ; calyx glabrous within, the segments
nearly alike; ovary often scabrous above on the angles.

(a.) Branches woody, erect or ascending, leafy, terminated by the cyme-bearing peduncle; calyx
white or pink, rarely yellow, often a little thickened at base, lobes obovate, at least the inner ones
emarginate or retuse.

38. E. ERICEZFOLIUM, T. & G. Depressed, very much branched and very leafy ; leaves very numer-
ous on the branchlets, 2’ long, subulate-linear and teretely revolute, glabrous above, white-woolly be-
neath; cyme scarcely exceeding the leaves, of 3-7-crowded somewhat tomentose pentagonal involucres ;
calyx white, 14 long.—Arizona.

39. E. corymBosum, Benth. 142° high, floccose-woolly ; branches leafy; leaves oblong; cyme
broadly corymbose, many-flowered. See page 303.

40. E. microtnrcum, Nutt. Low, rarely 1° high, much branched from the base, more or less floc-
cose-tomentose ; leaves oblong to linear ; cyme crowded or open.—Very variable. See page 303.

(b.) Branches leafy, less woody, very short or czespitose-depressed ; peduncle terminal, naked, elon-
gated, herbaceous, and with the 5-toothed involucre glabrous or glabrate; calyx-segments nearly
equal; leaves narrow, attenuate into a slender petiole.

41. E. BREVICAULE, Nutt. Low; leaves much crowded on the caudex-like branches; scapes rigid ;

flowers often yellow. See page 304. :

42. E. LONCHOPHYLLUM, T.& G. Taller and scarcely woody at the leafy base; leaves not much
crowded, lanceolate or broad-linear, white-woolly beneath ; cyme repeatedly trichotomous and panicle-

like; lower bracts filiform, the upper subulate; flowers white, with obovate retuse segments——New
Mexico.

* * Annual; stems loosely branched, leafy only below ; calyx pink, glabrous within, the segments
obovate and nearly equal; bractlets scarcely bearded.

43. E. trRuNcatTUM, T. & G. Loosely floccose-woolly, 1° high; leaves subfascicled, spatulate or ob-
long, 11’ long with the slender petiole; peduncles long, naked; cyme loose, di-trichotomous; involucres

rather few, many-flowered, 2” long, oblong-campanulate, truncate; bracts very small.—Mt. Diablo,
(Brewer. )

*** Annual, white-woolly; stems tall, strict, leafy; cyme decompound, many-flowered; calyx

white, webbed within at base with long wool, the outer segments much the larger; bractlets finely
plumose.

44, E. annuum, Nutt. Leaves oblong, attenuate at base, mostly petioled ; involucres woolly, glab-
rous within, shortly 5-toothed ; outer calyx-segments broadly obovate, the inner oblong.—From Nebraska
to Arkansas, Texas, New Mexico and Chihuahua.

45. E. MULTIFLORUM, Benth. Leaves oblong and lanceolate, undulate, the cauline sessile, obtuse or
auricled at base ; involucres 5-lobed, often glabrate, webbed within ; outer calyx-segments rounded oval,
becoming deeply cordate, the inner nearly linear.—Arkansas to Louisiana and Texas.

§ 11. VIRGATA, Benth. Involucres sessile along one side of the usually virgate branches of the pan-

icle, mostly small or narrow; calyx 6-parted, usually glabrous.

* Perennial, a few shrubby at base, woolly; flowers white or pinkish, glabrous, many in the
involucre,
APPENDIX. 481

(a.) Calyx broad and truncate below, having the broad-oval outer segments distinct and subauricu-
late-rounded at base; panicle often dichotomous and bracts somewhat leafy ; white-woolly.

46. E. NrveuM, Dougl. Woody at base, 1° high or more, densely tomentose; stems leafy below or
nearly naked ; leaves ovate or oblong, petioled; the bracts and the 3-4 subulate teeth of the densely
woolly involucre recurved-spreading; outer calyx-segments becoming rounded-oval and slightly cordate,
enclosing the obovate-spatulate inner ones.—Oregon and Washington Territory.

47, E, picHoToMuM, Dougl. Somewhat like the last; branches short and densely leafy, with strict
scape-like rarely leafy peduncles; leaves oblong, attenuate at base; bracts appressed, shorter than the
involucre; involucre-teeth 3-5, shortish and obtuse, subequal ; outer calyx-segments obovate-oval.—
Oregon and §. Idaho.

(b.) Calyx acute at base, the segments alike; the first two species scapose and strict, the last caul-
escent and diffusely panicled.

48, E. srrictuM, Benth. Czaspitosely much-branched at base ; leaves crowded, spatulate or obovate-
oblong, white-woolly beneath, attenuate into a long petiole; scapes very slender, 1° high, glabrous or
glabrate, 2-3-chotomously branched; bracts small, subulate, appressed ; involucre 1” long, glabrate,
campanulate, equally 5-toothed ; calyx-segments oval or oblong. —Oregon, (Douglas.)

49. E. RACEMOsUM, Nutt. Leaves ovate or oblong, long-petioled, abrupt or subcordate at base;
scape stout, 1-2° high; involucres spicate along the few rigid branches. See page 304.

50. E. Wricuru, Torr. Branched from a shrubby base, leafy below; leaves narrow at base, often
fascicled ; involucres loosely spicate; ovary slightly scabrous above. See page 305.

* * Annual, (excepting perhaps Z. elongatum ;) flowers small, white or rose-color, acute or acutish

at base, mostly glabrous ; bracts small, appressed.

(a.) Involucre tubular, 3}-2” long, many-flowered, hoary-woolly, scattered upon the virgate mostly
simple branches, appressed; calyx-segments obovate, nearly equal. White-woolly plants, the
at length floccose tomentum rarely deciduous. Californian.

51. E. ELONGATUM, Benth. Stems or branches 14-3° high, sparingly leafy at base only; leaves
oblong-lanceolate; involucres 3” long, rather many-flowered, spicate and distant along the simple
branches, repand-truncate ; ovary glabrous ; embryo 1” long or more.

52. E. ViRGATUM, Benth. Stem more slender, sparingly leafy at the base or also above; branches
few, simple, sometimes paniculately branched ; leaves ovate or oblong; involucres 2-24” long, 5-toothed ;
ovary and abruptly rostrate achenium a little scabrous above; embryo 4” long.

(b.) Involucre narrow-tubular, few to rather many-flowered, 2” long or less, scattered on the slender

branchlets of the diffuse panicle, longer than the glabrous or pilose flowers; bractlets scarcely
bearded ; low, finely tomentose above or glabrous, with rounded radical leaves.

53. E. DASYANTHEMUM, T. & G. Cinereous-woolly or glabrate above ; involucre shortly 5-toothed,
commonly hoary, fully 2” long, sometimes 15-20-flowered; calyx finely villous, at least at base, the obo-
vate segments nearly equal.—California.

54, E. vimmneum, Dougl. Involucres few-flowered and glabrous, as also the very slender branches
of the more decompound panicle; calyx glabrous, inner segments narrower. See page 305.

(c.) Involucre few or rather many-flowered, oblong-campanulate, subturbinate, 5-toothed, 1” long,
scattered upon the slender branchlets of the usually much-branched panicle; calyx glabrous,
shorter than the involucre, inner segments narrow ; leaves radical or more or less cauline, white-
woolly beneath, floccose-woolly above, as usually the branches and involucres.

55. E. GRacILE, Benth. Stem naked or leafy; panicle open and spreading; bractlets subglandular-

barbellate; outer calyx-segments obovate, the inner oblong. See page 305.

56. E. POLYCLADON, Benth. Wool persistent; stem 2-3° high, leafy to the rather strict ample pan-
icle; leaves oblong and obovate; bractlets villous with very long delicate hairs; calyx-segments atten-
uate at base, the outer fan-shaped, the inner obovate-spatulate.—W. Texas to Arizona.

(d.) Involucre mostly short-campanulate, small, shorter than the enlarged calyx, scattered on the
usually tangled branchlets of the naked panicle, its teeth 4-5, broad, rounded; bractlets chaffy ;
leaves subradical, rounded, long-petioled.

57, E. HrERMANNI, Dur. & Hilg. Glabrous or glabrate; calyx glabrous, becoming 2” long, outer

segments rounded, the inner smaller, oblong-spatulate. See page 306.

58. E. Prumateia, Dur. & Hilg. Floccose-woolly, low; calyx glabrous, 1 long, the segments
obovate-cuneiform, retuse. See page 306.

59. E. mnrricaTuM, Benth. Leaves viscid-pubescent ; the divaricately much-branched panicle and
the very small few-flowered short-campanulate involucres glabrous; bractlets obovate- or cuneate-

61
482 BOTANY.

oblong, ciliolate; calyx slightly hairy, the segments obovate, similar; ovary glabrous.—Lower Cali-
fornia.

§ 12. PEDUNCULATA, Benth. Involucres few-many-flowered, 5-toothed, (usually long-) pedicelled,
solitary upon the di- or trichotomous branches and in the forks of the leafless small-bracted
loosely panicled peduncle. Mostly annuals; leaves broad, usually rounded, radical or on a short
stem ; inflorescence never pubescent ; flowers mostly white or whitish.

* Low stemless annuals; panicle divaricately much-branched, covered with club-shaped glands ;
involucres few-flowered.

60. E. BRAcHYPODUM, T. & G. Leaves loosely woolly ; panicle rigid, nearly prostrate ; pedicels not
exceeding the glandular 8-12-flowered (1” long) involuere; bractlets sublinear, hirsute-ciliate ; outer
calyx-segments glabrous, cordate-ovate, obtuse, twice exceeding the ovate long and obtusely acuminate
inner ones.—S. E. California.

61. E. GLANDULOSUM, Nutt. Leaves slightly hairy, green ; panicle slender, effuse; pedicels capillary,
2-3" long, divaricate; involucre }’ long, very few-flowered, glandless; calyx-segments oblong-ovate,
acutish, subequal, sparingly hirsute.—Rocky Mts., (Gambel.)

* * Panicle glabrous, or the involucres and pedicels rarely very miuutely glandular; annuals,

(Z. tenellum and perhaps Z. ciliatum excepted.)

(a.) Pedicels of the spreading much-branched many-flowered panicle rigid, sometimes subrace-
mosely secund, soon deflexed ; involucres many-flowered, about 1” long; calyx glabrous; beak of
the achenium scabrous.

62. E. DEFLEXUM, Torr. Involucre short, exceeding the pedicels; calyx white, the outer segments

rounded-cordate, the inner very small. See page 306.

63, E. nutans, T. & G. Pedicels viscid, 2-3 times exceeding the broad-campanulate involucre ;
calyx rose-colored, very obtuse at base, outer segments broad-oval, emarginate, the inner oblong, half as
large. See page 307.

64. E. Watsonn, T. & G. Pedicels smooth, 2-5 times exceeding the narrow- or clavate-campanu-
late involucre; calyx rose-colored and white, obtuse at base, segments nearly equal, oval, slightly retuse.
See page 307.

65. E. cerNuuM, Nutt. Pedicels smooth, 2-4 times longer than the campanulate involucre; calyx
white or pinkish, with an acute top-shaped base, outer segments square, emarginate, the inner oblong,
half as wide. See page 308.

(b.) Spreading, usually very much branched, mostly very slender; pedicels not deflexed ; involucre

1” long or less, few or rather many-flowered; calyx mostly very obtuse at base.

(1.) Leaves white-woolly beneath, mostly floccose above; calyx not exceeding the coarsely 5-6-
toothed involucre; glabrous or slightly pilose at base; bracts usually woolly within.

(12.) Pedicels but 1-5” long and with the panicle rather rigid ; calyx glabrous, lobes very unequal.

66. E. ROTUNDIFOLIUM, Benth. Panicle much branched from the base, a span high; leaves soon
naked above; involucres broad-campanulate; bractlets sparingly plumose; calyx white, only 6-cleft,
the outer segments dilated fan-shaped, retuse, the inner narrowly oblong.—W. Texas; New Mexico.

(1.) Pedicels slender, mostly capillary, those in the forks 4-14’ long ; cyme slender, di-trichotomous,

with the scape a span high, in depauperate specimens subsimple; leaves mostly }/ broad or less.

67. E. THURBERI, Torr. Leaves usually rugose; scape 1-2’ high; bracts in threes or fours, conspic-
uous and calyx-like; involucre broadly topshaped-campanulate, 10-18-flowered, often obscurely gland-
ular; bractlets nearly wanting; calyx white, very minutely pubescent at base, 5-parted, the segments
very unequal and pandurate, the outer much dilated and rounded above, finely webby in the middle,
the inner small and subhastate-lanceolate.—S. California; 8. Arizona.

68. E. Tuomasu, Torr. Bracts at the nodes very small; involucre few-flowered, about # long;
bractlets chaffy, long villous on the margin; calyx white or yellowish, finely hispid at base, the seg-
ments subpandurate, equal in length, slightly dilated above, very obtuse, the outer at length subcordate
at base, the inner but half as wide.—S. California; S. Arizona.

69. E. pusttium, T. & G. Calyx yellow, subglandular-puberulent, the segments nearly similar,
obovate. See page 308.

70. E. RENIVORME, Torr. Leaves reniform or rounded-cordate, covered with very soft dense white
wool; bracts small, woolly; involucres broad-campanulate, not glandular, 8-12-flowered ; calyx glab-
rous, white or pinkish, segments ovate, the inner slightly smaller.—California; W. Arizona. See
page 308.

(2.) Leaves pubescent, sometimes glabrate, not woolly nor tomentose, long-petioled ; panicle taller,

upon a rather rigid often fistulous scape, the pedicels divaricate, capillary and glabrous, 4-1’ long
: APPENDIX. 483

or more; bracts not woolly; calyx yellowish, densely hirsute, twice longer than the very small
few-flowered 4-5-cleft involucre, the segments similar and nearly equal.
71, E. TricHoropum, Torr. Leaves finely pubescent or glabrate, scarcely cordate; scape short ;
panicle very branching and slender. See page 309.

72, E. INFLATUM, Torr, Leaves rather hirsute or velvety; scape elongated, often inflated, panicle
rather stout and rigid. See page 309.

(3.) Whole plant glabrous; calyx not exceeding the very long-pedicelled few-flowered involucre.

73. E. Gorpont, Benth. Leaves round ; peduncles several, short, repeatedly dichotomous and loosely
panicled above; pedicels erect, subcapillary, 1’ long or more; involucre scarcely 1” long, turbinate-
campanulate, 5-toothed; bractlets minutely glandular, outer calyx-segments ovate, the inner oblong,
a little shorter.—On the Upper Platte, (Gordon.)

(¢.) Perennials or biennials, less branched ; leaves not cordate; bracts verysmall; pedicels elongated,
erect; involucres 13-24” long, rather many-flowered; calyx glabrous, with a short top-shaped
base; bractlets villous.

74, EK. TENELLUM, Torr. Cespitose with a much branched woody caudex; leaves crowded, ovate or
rounded, white-tomentose; scape and spreading panicle smooth; flowers fewer in the involucre, white,
the segments retuse, unequal, the outer broad-obovate or rounded.—Colorado to New Mexico and W.
Texas. ; ,

7. E. ciL1atuM, Torr. Radical leaves rosulate, obovate-spatulate, ciliate on the margins and mid-
vein, otherwise glabrous; the scape and few peduncles elongated ; involucre broadly campanulate, 2”
long; calyx dark-red, thickish, 6-cleft, the lobes ovate, acute, the inner a little narrower and longer.—
N. E. Mexico.

§ 13. PSEUDO-STIPULATA, Benth. Involucres and pedicels as in § Pedunculata, (or the alar involu-
cres sessile in £. divaricatum ;) stems branched, leafy ; the true cauline leaves bract-like, opposite or
verticillate, the axillary more developed, in pairs or fascicled; calyx very obtuse at base, minutely
glandular; achenium sharply triangular.

76. E. ANGULOSUM, Benth. Annual, floccose-woolly ; panicle effuse; branches angled; pedicels
filiform, widely spreading; involucres many-flowered, short-toothed; flowers short-pedicelled, segments
unequal. See page 309.

77. E. Greeei, T. & G. Perennial, erect, about 1° high, puberulent, subglandular; leaves spatu-
late, subciliate, nearly glabrous, the true cauline ones verticillate, lanceolate, herbaceous, connate into
a sheath at base; pedicels subracemose, erect, about 1” long; involucre turbinate-campanulute, 2” long,
many-flowered, 5-toothed ; bractlets scarious, hirsute; calyx purplish, deeply 6-cleft, the lobes ovate-
oblong, similar.—Northern Mexico.

78. E. DIVARICATUM, Hook. Annual, low, puberulent, much branched ; radical leaves ovate and spat-
ulate, cauline stipule-like, subulate-linear, the axillary ones similar, in pairs; involucres very small,
nearly 5-parted, few-flowered, those in the forks mostly sessile; calyx-segments white, oblong, sub-
equal._S. Wyoming, (Geyer.)

§ 14. FOLIOSA, Benth. Inflorescence as in the last section; involucre 4-8-cleft or parted, those in
the forks’sometimes sessile; calyx with a’ very short acute or obtuse base, 6-parted, the pedicel
exserted; annuals, with leafy stems, the cauline leaves developed, mostly opposite or verticillate,
the axillary similar and fascicled.

79. E. SALSUGINOSUM, Hook. Glabrous, diffusely much-branched, 1’ to a span high, leafy through-
out; leaves spatulate or oblong or’ the upper linear, subfleshy; involucre of several unequal nearly
distinct linear bracts, few-flowered, sessile in the forks or a few of them on filiform peduncles; calyx
subherbaceous, minutely roughish, the segments oblong, subequal, closed in fruit upon the sharply tri-
angular achenium.—Southern Wyoming. /

80. E. ABERTIANUM, Torr. Villous or pubescent, paniculately branched, erect, leafy; leaves ovate
or subcordate, petioled, the upper lanceolate or linear, subsessile ; involucres more or less peduncled,
many-flowered, with 5-8 linear leafy segments; calyx petaloid, glabrous, rose-colored, outer segments
rounded, deeply cordate, becoming nearly 2” long, the inner linear-oblong, retuse—W. Texas to
Arizona.

81. E. PHARNACHOIDES, Torr. 1° high, pubescent, very slender, effusely panicled, internodes elon-
gated; cauline leaves narrow-linear, more or less tomentose ; pedicels capillary, smooth; involucres
5-8 cleft, 8-12-flowered; calyx petaloid, glabrous, outer segments broadly ovate, bigibbous at base in
fruit, the inner longer, oblong-linear, retuse ; anthers dark.—New Mexico; Arizona.

82. E. SPERGULINUM, Gray. Panicle more effuse ; leaves narrow-linear, sparingly hirsute and gland-
ular; involucres on very slender pedicels, 4-cleft, 1-2-flowered ; calyx-segments equal, cuneate-oblong.
See page 310.
484 BOTANY.

CHORIZANTHE.

i Chilian species omitted.

§ 1. EUCHORIZANTHE, T. & G. Involucre tubular, 6-toothed, 6-ribbed, usually coriaceous, the
stout ribs terminating in a usually uncinate cusp or awn; stamens inserted near the base of the
6-lobed calyx; leaves never cordate, entire, at least the cauline narrow and attenuate at base.
Annuals; Californian, with one exception.

*Involucres in subcapitate clusters, the limb more or less white-scarious, (occasionally wholly
herbaceous.)

(a.) The limb, excepting the ribs, wholly petaloid-scarious, rotate-expanded, shortly 6-lobed; stem
erect; head dense.

1. C. MEMBRANACEA, Benth. Webbed-woolly; leaves and bracts linear, with a weak mucro; heads
solitary or few along the somewhat simple branches; involucre scarious above the base, the limb very
widely dilated, the stout ribs slenderly awned.

2. C. STELLULATA, Benth. Rough-pubescent, fastigiately branched; cauline leaves nearly linear ;
bracts acerose, pungently awned, hirsute; heads subcymose; involucre-tube narrow, equally 6-ribbed, 2”
long, 4 times longer than the abrupt white-scarious limb; the stout ribs slenderly awned; calyx-seg-
ments obcordately 2-lobed ; anthers oblong-linear.—Only from Hartweg.

3. C. Doueiasi, Benth. Low, villous-pubescent; cauline leaves spatulate or lanceolate; bracts
acerose, pungent; heads usually umbellate, globose; involucre-tube unequally angled, 2-3 times longer
than the short abrupt white or pinkish limb and the subulate unequal awns; calyx-lobes truncate, sub-
crenulate; anthers linear-oblong.

(b.) Limb 5-parted, the segments scarious on the margin or wholly; stems lax, branched from the
base, often diffuse; pubescence more or less villous; heads mostly irregularly panicled ; bracts
awned or pungent, the uppermost awn-like. A few solitary involucres often have the teeth wholly
herbaceous.

4. C. pirrusa, Benth. Slightly pilose, slender; leaves mostly radical, spatulate or oblong-ovate;
clusters small, rather loose; involucre 1” long or less, the ovate teeth scarious excepting the midribs,
1 or 2 of the unequal awns equaling the tube; anthers oval.

5. C. PUNGENS, Benth. Softly hirsute-villous, the stems mostly spreading, branched, and leafy
below ; leaves spatulate or sublanceolate; clusters irregular; involucre 14-24” long, the unequal ovate
or ovate-subulate teeth herbaceous at base, more or less scarious-margined, the larger teeth and bracts
longer awned; anthers oblong.

* * Only the sinuses of the involucre scarious, the teeth wholly herbaceous or coriaceous, often

horn-shaped ; involucres in crowded cymelets or clusters, (in C. brevicornu loosely panicled, ) those
in the forks solitary ; stamens 9, in the last two species but 3.

(a.) Calyx-segments pectinate-fimbriate below the apex; erect; leaves all radical, spatulate and
oval; peduncle naked, cymose with repeatedly di-trichotomous divisions ; bracts acerose-subulate;
flowers sessile in the involucre. ‘

6. C. Lactntata, Torr. Dwarf, subvillous, many-flowered ; teeth of the involucre subulate-awned,
nearly equal, 2-4 times shorter than the tube; calyx twice exceeding the involucre, segments triangu-
lar-lanceolate, long and densely fimbriate, tailed at the apex.—Found only by Antisell.

7. C. FIMBRIATA, Nutt. Low, subvillous or nearly glabrous; the stout subulate awned teeth a little

shorter than the involucre-tube; calyx less exserted, the segments irregularly lacerate-fimbriate below
the oblong obtuse apex.

(b.) Segments of the calyx entire or only crenulate at the apex; stems somewhat naked.

8. C. staticompes, Benth. Erect, 2-12’ high; leaves mostly radical, spatulate, oblong or rounded,
hirsutish, subtomentose beneath; cyme loosely corymbose; involucral teeth subulate, shortly awned,
unequal, the larger 2-3 times shorter than the narrow tube.

9. C. PROCUMBENS, Nutt. Depressed and diffuse, subhirsute ; leaves spatulate; cymelets irregularly
panicled; teeth horn-shaped, subulate-awned and usually uncinate, the 2-4 larger ones a little shorter
than the (1” long) tube.

10. C. unrartsrara, T. & G. Diffuse, with a soft grayish pubescence; leaves spatulate, pilose-
pubescent beneath; cymelets rather loose 5 bracts awned; teeth horn-shaped, one terminated with a
stout straight awn longer than the short-oblong tube, the rest short- cuspidate. (Brewer.)

11. C. BREVICORNU, Torr. Leaves linear or obovate-spatulate; involucres narrow prismatic, mostly
scattered; teeth subequal, recurved ; calyx-lobes entire. See page 312 :
APPENDIX. 485

§ 2. MUCRONEA, T. & G. Involucre 2-4-sided, 2-4-lobed, chartaccous-coriaceous, the lobes herb-
aceous, straight-awned ; stamens 9, inserted at the base of the 6-parted calyx. Annuals of South-
ern California, paniculately much branched; involucres in the forks and scattered upon the
slender branches ; cauline leayes and bracts similar, amplexicaul, more or less stellately 3-lobed,
cusped or awned; flower more or less pedicelled.

12. C. PERFOLIATA, Gray. Slightly hirsuto and glandular or glabrous; leaves perfoliate; involucre
4-sided, the teeth shortly and unequally subulate-awned ; calyx-segments laciniate above.

13. C. Cattrornica, Gray, More hirsute; leaves clasping, the upper deeply 3-lobed ; involucre com-
pressed, usually 2-lobed and 2-awned, rarely 3-4-sided, the additional awns shorter ; calyx-lobes entire.

§ 3. ACANTHOGONUM, T. & G. Involucre 3-5-toothed or lobed, coriaceous, the tube transversely
veined or ridged, the lobes unequal, immarginate; stamens 6-9, on the throat of the 6-lobed calyx,
the filaments and anthers short. Dwarf annuals, with ovate or spatulate entire petioled pointless
leaves, the involucres more or less clustered ; flower pedicelled, slightly bracteolate.

* Involucre broadly triangular, 3-ribbed, 5-toothed; bracts unarmed.

14. C. potygonorpres, T. & G. Diffusely much-branched, depressed, loosely hirsute pubescent, 3-4/
high ; leaves and bracts spatulate, the uppermost sometimes mucronate; involucres rather loosely panic-
ulate-clustered, at length hardened, the 3 lobes triangular-subulate and awned with a somewhat hooked
spine, the 2 intermediate ones small; stamens 6.—California, (Rattan.)

* * Involucre triangular, 6-ribbed, trifid ; bracts spiny.

15. C. rigipa, T. & G. Dwarf, woolly or tomentose 3 involucres sessile, surrounded by the elon-
gated awn-shaped at length indurated bracts, the lobes unequal, with a straight cusp, and longer than
the short tube; stamens 9. See page 312.

* * * Involucre with a narrow terete tube without ribs, the 3-5 teeth and the rather small bracts

short-cuspidate. Dwarfed annuals, 1-3’ high, at length subcymosely branched.

16. C. cornruGata, T. & G. White-woolly; leaves ovate or round-oval; tube of the involucre nearly
2" long, subclavate, strongly corrugated, a little shorter than the 3 ovate-lanceolate curved-pointed
lobes; calyx-tube attenuate at base; stamens 6-9.—S. California.

17. C. Watsont, T. & G. Hoary-pubescent; involucral-teeth 5, very unequal, 1-2 dilated and leafy ;
calyx-tube cylindric; stamens 9. See page 313.

ALLIUM.

A comparison of the specimens belonging to this genus in the herbariums of Dr. Gray, Dr. Torrey,
and Prof. Eaton, is the basis of the following synopsis. It appears that considerable assistance in the
determination of the species may be derived from the characters of the rootstock and bulb-coatings, and
that the cresting of the capsule is subject to little variation, though in some species becoming somewhat
obscured in the mature fruit. The comparative lengths of the style and stamens, and the size, shape and
color of the segments of the perianth are usually rather less constant. The fibrous network or cellular
reticulation that occurs in some or all of the outer or inner coatings of the bulbs in several of the species,
(either distinguishable by the naked eye or under a simple lens, or in some species requiring a rather
higher power for its satisfactory definition,) is to a very good degree constant in its characters and fre-
quently very distinctive. Our species may be thus arranged :—

§ 1. Cells 1-ovuled. Bulb crowning an evident perennial rootstock ; coatings usually fleshy ; capsule

not crested.

1. A. TRICOCCUM, Ait. Leaves oblong-elliptical ; coatings sometimes coarsely fibrous.—N. England
to Wisconsin and south to Kentucky and N. Carolina.

§ 2. Cells 2-ovuled ; 0-2-seeded.
* Bulb crowning a perennial rootstock, the coatings membranous without distinguishable cross-retic-
ulation; spathe 2-3-valved, (in 4. brevistylum 1-valved.)
(a.) Capsule crested.

2. A. ScHa:noprasum, L. Leaves awl-shaped, hollow; umbel capitate, the pinkish sepals excesting
the pedicels and stamens; capsule slightly crested—Canada and the upper lakes to the eee oy
Washington Territory and Alaska, (584 Geyer ;) Wind River Mountains, Wyoming, (Frémont;) Walla-
Walla River, Oregon, (Tolmie.)
486 BOTANY.

3. A. CERNUUM, Roth. Leaves linear, keeled; scape angled, rather stout, 1-2° high ; spathe-seg-
ments usually small; umbel loose, nodding; stamens and style exserted.—W. New York to N. Carolina
and west to Wisconsin, the Saskatchewan and Washington Territory ; Wyoming to New Mexico, (848
Fendler, 1913, 1914 Wright ;) Raton Mts., (Abert ;) Roubideau’s Pass, (Gunnison ;) Colorado, (350 Parry,
540 Hall & Harbour ;) Bridger’s Pass, (H. Engelmann ;) Ft. Colville and Puget Sound, (Lyall, Wilkes.)

(b.) Capsule not crested.

4. A, VALIDUM, 8. Watson. Scape stout, 1-2}° high, angled; leaves broad-linear, 3-7” wide, elon-
gated; spathe-segments broad and connate; umbel capitate, many-flowered, erect or rarely subnodding ;
sepals white or pinkish, long-acuminate, 4” long, equaling the stamens, shorter than the style.—In the
California Sierras and Nevada. See page 350.

5. A. BREVISTYLUM, 8. Watson. Scape slender, 1-14° high; leaves long-linear, 1-3’ wide; spathe
1-valved, obliquely connate-campanulate ; umbel erect, few-flowered, with short pedicels ; sepals bright

pink, long-acuminate, 4 long; stamens half as long, exceeding the style. See page 350.

* * Perennial, with a series of separated corm-like bulbs, rooting from the stem above; outer coats
chartaceous, minutely contorted-reticulate ; spathe large, 2-valved; capsule not crested.

6. A. unrroLium, Kellogg. Proc. Calif. Acad. 2. 112, fig. 35. Scape stout, 14-2° high, terete; leaves
several, long-linear, 2-4” wide, flat; umbel erect, usually many-flowered, spreading; pedicels 1-14’
long; sepals pink, 5-6” long, broad, acute, exceeding the stamens and style.—California; Tamul Pass,
(Bigelow ;) near San Francisco, (Kellogg ;) Ukiah, (Bolander.) A. falcifolium, Var. £., of Whipple’s
Report. The specific name is a misnomer. The remarkable character of the bulbs and rootstock would
suggest a distinct genus, but there is nothing in flower or fruit to separate it from’ Allium, and the
taste is decidedly alliaceous. PLaTE XXXVI. Fig. 9. Bulbs, rootstock and base of stems; natural size.
Fig. 10. Reticulation of coating ; magnified thirty diameters.

* * * Bulbs without evident perennial rootstocks; leaves sheathing, (solitary in A. Nevadense ;)
spathes 2- (rarely 3-) valved, (in 4. Sanbornii, 4-valved.)

(a.) Capsule crested.

7, A. STELLATUM, Fras. Coatings membranous, not at all fibrous; scape slender, 1-14° high, angled ;
leaves very narrowly linear, elongated ; umbel 10-25-flowered, rather loose ; pedicels 4-6” long; stamens
equaling the pinkish ovate-oblong acute (3’ long) sepals; style exserted; crest large-—On the Saskat-
chewan. &fpecimens from Hooker in Herb. Gray.

8. A, RETICULATOM, Fras. Coats densely fibrous; scape 6-15’ high, subterete; leaves very narrowly
linear, elongated ; umbel many-flowered, spreading ; stamens and style shorter than the usually acute
(3-4” long) sepals; crest mostly short.—From the Saskatchewan to the Columbia and south to New
Mexico. Very variable.

Var. u. Low, 6-8' high; sepals 3’ long, white or slightly pinkish, acuminate.—Saskatchewan,
(Douglas, Bourgeau ;) Upper Missouri, (Suckley ;) Spokan River, (Wilkes ;) Columbia River, (Wyeth ;)
Colorado, (545 Hall & Harbour, 552 Vasey ;) Indian Territory, (328 Palmer.) A. angulosum, Nutt.

Var. 8. Taller, (10-15‘,) slender; bulb less densely fibrous; sepals white or pink, 3-4” long, acumi-
nate and strongly carinate, sometimes but litile exceeding the stamens.—Colorado to the Columbia; has
been confounded with A. stellatum. Upper Missouri, (Nicolet ;) Colorado, (546 Hall & Harbour ;) Idaho,
(Spalding ;) Washington Territory, (Lyall, Wilkes, 226 Geyer.) A form near this, but with umbels
mostly bulbiferous and coats densely fibrous, was collected in the Wahsatch and on Bear River, Utah.
See page 350.

Var. y. Like the last, but the pedicels rather more slenéer, the sepals usually more recurved, and
the whole lower stem, with the bulb, thickly fibrous-coated.—New Mexico, (1915 Wright;) and Cambridge,
from seed.

Var. 6. Low; capsule long-crested ; sepals pinkish, 3-4” long, short and narrow, or very broad and
longer.—New Mexico, (1916 Wright, Bigelow, Newberry, Palmer, Dr. Seguin.)

9. A. SANBoRNU, Wood. Proc. Acad. Phil., 1868, p. 171. “Bulb ovate, white ;” scape tall, slender;
spathe 4-valved ; flowers very numerous, on very slender (6-8” long) spreading pedicels; sepals light
pink, 3” long, erect, shorter than the stamens and style.—N. California, (Shelton, Pratten, Wallace.)
PLATE XXXVII. Fig. 7. Flower; enlarged two diameters.

10. A. ATTENUIFOLIUM, Kellogg. Proc. Calif. Acad. 2. 110, Jig. 34. (A. reticulatum, Benth., Pl. Hartw.
339. A. occidentale, Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 7. 390. A. aceuminatum, Var. B. gracile, Wood, l. 0.) Bulb
small, reddish, the coats minutely wavy-reticulated ; scape slender, 10-15! high ; leaves very narrowly
linear; flowers white, numerous, crowded on slender (3-6” long) pedicels; sepals 3” long, usually in-
flected, about equaling the stamens and style.—N, California; frequent. (1995 Hartweg, 396, &c., Fré-
mont, 341 Bridges, 4942 and 6552 Bolander, Kellogg.) Puare XXXVII. Fig. 8. Flower; enl

: arged two di-
ameters. Fig. 9. Reticulation of bulb-coat; enlarged thirty diameters. ,
APPENDIX. 487

11, A. sERRATUM, S. Watson. Bulb-coats conspicuously transversely serrate-reticulate ; scape usu-
ally slender, 4-12! high; leaves very narrowly linear; umbel usually many-flowered and often large, the
spreading pedicels 6-15" long; sepals pink or crimson, 4-6" long, usually broad and acuminate, erect or
recurved, exceeding the stamens; capsule slightly crested.—Quite variable. California; frequent.
(Douglas, 1991 Hartweg, 469 Frémont, 345 Bridges, Bigelow, Wallace, Stillman, Rich, Bolander, Kellogg.
A. amplectens, Torr, Pac. R. R. Surv. 4, 148, is a very young undeveloped state, and the name is inapplica-
ble to the more matured plant. It is also the A. falcifolium and A. acuminatum of Whipple’s Report,
mostly. Pirate XXXVII. Fig. 4. Reticulation; enlarged thirty diameters. Fig. 5. Flower; enlarged
two diameters.

12. A. BISCEPTRUM, 8S. Watson. Bulb frequently bulbiferous, coats membranous and minutely sinu-
ous-reticulate ; scapes usually 2 or more, rather slender, 6-12! high; leaves linear, 2-6” wide, flat, usually
equaling or exceeding the scape; umbels many-flowered, occasionally bulbiferous ; pedicels 6-10” long,
spreading ; sepals white or pinkish, 3-4” long, acute or acuminate, usually spreading; crests conspicu-
ous.—See page 351, and Plate XXXVII.

13. A. PatmerI, 8. Watson. Reticulation irregular, subquadrate, the cell-outline minutely very
sinuous; scape 8’ high, rather stout; leaves narrow-linear; umbel rather many-flowered, the spread-
ing pedicels 6” long ; sepals more or less deep rose-color, 3-4! long, acute, erect-spreading, exceeding the
stamens.—New Mexico, (Palmer, 1869.) Probably also from Ft. Defiance, (Newberry,) and Hell Cafon,
(Hervey,) but the specimens are imperfect. Pirate XXXVI. Fig. 10. Flower; enlarged two diameters.
Fig. 11. Reticulation ; enlarged thirty diameters.

14, A. BIGELovu, 8. Watson. Coatings dark-brown, membranous, with a conspicuous vertically oblong
reticulation, the cell-outline somewhat curved; scape 6’ high, stout; leaves linear, thick; umbel 25-flow-
ered, the spreading pedicels 6-8” long; sepals 6” long, deep-pink, erect, exceeding the stamens ; capsule
strongly crested.—Cook’s Springs, 8S. W. New Mexico, (Bigelow ;) w single specimen. Pirate XXXVIII.
Fig. 8. Flower; enlarged two diameters. Fig. 9. Reticnlation; enlarged thirty diameters.

15, A. NrvapEnsu, 8. Watson. Reticulation distorted; scape very low, (2-4! ;) leaf solitary, long-
linear, 1” wide, exceeding the scape, falcate, much curved at the end; umbel 10-30-flowered, the spread-
ing pedicels 3-7” long; sepals white or pink, 4-5’ long, acute, subspreading, a little exceeding the sta-
mens ; capsule strongly crested.—Nevada‘and Utah; near Carson City, (23 Anderson, in part.) See page
351, and Plate XXXVIII.

16. A. aTRoRUBENS, S. Watson. Sepals very deep rose-color or crimson, long-acuminate, 5’ long,
spreading or recurved, the deeper-seated bulb showing no decided reticulation ; otherwise as the last.
See page 352, and Plate XXXVIII.

(b.) Capsule not crested. Leaves very narrowly linear, except in 4. Douglasii.

17, A. CANADENSE, Kalm. Bulbs subfibrous-reticulate; scape 1-2° high, usually tall and slender;
umbel often densely bulb-bearing, with small pinkish flowers, the stamens and style included.—N. Eng-
land to Florida, and westward to Wisconsin, Missouri, thé Indian Territory and Texas.

18. A. MUTABILE, Mx. Bulb-coats fibrous; scape 6-18’ high, terete and usually slender; leaves elon-
gated; umbel usually many-flowered with slender spreading pedicels ; sepals 3’ long, acute or acuminate
subspreading, longer than the stamens and style.—Florida to N? Carolina and west to Louisiana, and be-
yond the Mississippi from Missouri to Texas and New Mexico. It appears under two or three forms.

Var.u. Tall; the usual form eastward, where it is less fibrous, but also frequent from Louisiana to
N. Mexico with densely netted bulbs. (691 Wright, 21, 114 and 119 Lindheimer, 418 Drummond, in part,
James, Woodhouse.)

Var. 8. Low, (6-10’,) the scape usually very slender and leaves very narrow, umbels often rather
few-flowered.—From Kansas (Hall) to Texas and N. Mexico, (3219 Berlandier, 113 and 528 Lindh., 418
Drummond, in part, Fendler, Pope.) It also occurs with a stout scape, the leaves broader and umbels
many-flowered. Indian Territory and N. Mexico, (Marcy, Pope, 328 Palmer.)

19. A. scAPosuM, Benth. Bulbs white, with vertically oblong rectilinear areolations; scape slender,
10-16’ high ; leaves linear-terete, elongated ; pedicels (10-30) spreading, slender, 6-9’ long ; sepals white
or pinkish, 3” long, acuminate, exceeding the stamens.—Mexico, (234 Hartweg ;) Presidio del Norte, New
Mexico, (Bigelow, Edwards;) San Antonio, S. W. Texas, (418 Berlandier.) Pars XXXVIII. Fig. 10.
Flower ; enlarged two diameters. Fig. 11. Reticulation; enlarged thirty diameters.

20. A. ACUMINATUM, Hook. Reticulation irregularly hexagonal, often couspicuous; scape slender,
6-15’ high ; leaves elongated ; pedicels 12-30, rather short, (4-9’,) spreading; sepals 4-7” long, bright
rose-color, lighter at base, broad and carinate, acuminate and recurved, exceeding the stamens, the inner
ones minutely serrulate—From Fraser’s River to California and east to Nevada, Utah and N. Mexico,
British Columbia, (Lyall, Holmes;) N. Idaho, (Spalding ;) Blue Mts., (Tolmie;) N. California, (469 Fré-
mont;) Monterey, (Bigelow ;) San Diego, (Parry ;) Ft. Defiance, N. Mexico, (Ives;) Weber Valley, Utah,
(Stansbury.) See page 352, and Plate XXXVII.
488 BOTANY.

21. A. Douctasm, Hook. Scape rather low, flattened and somewhat winged ; leaves 2, thick, broad-
linear, (3-4” wide,) flat, falcate, nearly equaling the scape; umbel many-flowered, the spreading pedicels
6-8" long; sepals pinkish, 4’ long, erect, acuminate, equaling or exceeding the stamens.— Washington
Territory, (Douglas ;) a single imperfect specimen in Herb. Gray. Allied to the following.

* * * * Bulbs without rootstocks; leaves not sheathing the very low scape.

(a.) Capsule crested’; scape flattened, winged, 2-4" high; spathe 2-valved; leaves 2, broad-linear,

thick, flat, falcate.

22. A. raLcrrotium, H. & A. Bulb-coats not reticulated ; leaves 3-4” wide; umbel many-flowered,
pedicels 3-6” long; sepals deep-pink, 4-6” long, attenuate above, obtusish, recurved, glandular-margined,
much exceeding the stamens; capsule long-crested.—California, (4668 Bolander.) PLate XXXVI. Figs.
7,8. Flowers; enlarged two diameters.

23. A. ancEPs, Kellogg. Bulb-coats white, with minute vertically flattened hexagonal reticula-
tion; leaves 2-4” wide, rough-margined; pedicels 10-30, spreading, 6” long; sepals pale-pink or greenish,
4-5" long, narrow, acute, spreading or recurved, slightly exceeding the stamens; capsule short-crested.
See page 352, and Plate XXXVI.

(b.) Capsule not crested; scape slender, 1-4’ high; leaves narrow-linear ; spathe 2-3-valved.

24. A. TRIBRACTEATUM, Torr. Pac. R. R. Surv. 4. 148. Bulb-coats with minute flattened or some-
what regular hexagonal reticulation ; leaves 4-1} wide, exceeding the terete scape ; umbel 10-20-flow-
ered, spreading, the pedicels scarcely equaling the flowers; sepals 3-4’ long, more or less rose-color or
crimson, acute or obtuse, exceeding the stamens.—See page 353, and Plate XXXVIII. Under two
forms :—

Var. u. Reticulation quite evident; spathe-segments frequently three; sepals acute, light pink,
erect or recurved.—‘ Duffield’s Ranch,” California, (Bigelow ;) San Bernardino, (Parry ;) Antelope Island
and Wahsatch Mts., Utah.

Var. 8. ANDERSONI. Reticulation scarcely distinguishable; spathe 2-bracted; sepals very deep
rose-color, obtuse, very variable in shape, often broad-oblong, erect.—-W. Nevada.

§ 3. Cells 4-7-ovuled, several-seeded. Bulbs without rootstocks; leaves sheathing; spathe 2-valved;

capsule not crested.

25. A. sTRIATUM, Jacq. Bulbs sub-bulbiferous; coats not reticulated ; scape slender, 4-15’ high;
leaves several, narrow-linear, 1-3’ wide, nearly equaling the scape ; umbel 4-10-flowered, the slightly
spreading pedicels 6-18” long; sepals white or ochroleucous, 3-5” long, acute or obtusish, subspreading,
exceeding the stamens.—Virginia to Florida and west to S. Illinois and Missouri; Indian Territory, (327
Palmer;) Texas, (524 Lindh., Wright;) New Mexico, (Wright;) Mexico, (231 Hartweg, Edwards.)
Doubtless A. ochroleucum, Nutt., Fl. Ark. 156.

Reputed species.

A. CAMPANULEFLORUM, Geyer. Published without a description. No authentic specimens in our
herbariums.

A. MARITINUM, Benth. (Hesperoscordum ?, Torr.) With perennial solid bulbs, many-ovuled cells,
and slightly united sepals, is better referred to Milla. See page 354.

A. CROCEUM, Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 218. With “solid bulbs,” jointed pedicels, orange-yellow flow-
ers, and filaments appendaged at base, is the same as Bloomeria aurea, Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 1. 11,
and is hardly an Allium. It should, perhaps, also be referred, like Calliprora, to Milla.

 

MILLE.

Mr. J. G. Baker in his “ Revision of the Genera and Species of herbaceous capsular gamophyllous
Liliacezx,” in Jour. Lin. Soc., Vol. XI, pp. 349-436, (1870,) divides the Suborder of true Liliaceae, (having a
3-celled capsular fruit and connate styles,) into two series, one with the segments of the perianth free to
the very base, the other having them united for at least the lower third or quarter of their length. Of
the six tribes into which he subdivides this last serics, and which include 26 genera and 220 species the
two tribes Milieee and Odontostemonew are wholly American and embrace all the American species thi a
single exception. ,

This only excepted genus and species, Hesperocallis undulata, Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 7, 390,

allied to Hemerocallis of the tribe Hemerocallidew, having a leafy stem, a

racemose funnelform flowers, and
APPENDIX, 489

grass-like leaves, but the root, which has not been collected, is described as an edible “ bulb” instead of
thickly fibrous as in the rest of the tribe. Thestem is 2° high, the yellow flowers 2’ long, on short jointed
pedicels, the segments twice longer than the tube and 5-7-nerved 5 stamens 6, with equal filiform fila-
ments inserted in the throat; capsule subglobose, substipitate, many-seeded ; leaves with a membranous
and strongly undulate margin. Found in New Mexico and Western Arizona.

The tribe Odontostemonew, characterized by a bulbous root, racemosely panicled flowers, and sparingly
leafy peduncle, is limited to the single Californian genus and species Odontostemum Hartwegi, Torr., Pac.
R. RB. Surv. 4, 150, t. 24. This is 1-2° high, with grass-like leaves, and white tubular flowers 5-6” long,
the at length reflexed segments equaling the tube; pedicels strict, 3-6” long, in a loose 10-30-flowered
raceme ; stamens 6, on short filaments united at base and inserted in the throat, alternating with 6 linear
staminodia ; style elongated; capsule sessile, globose, 3-6-seeded, loculicidally 3-valved.

The Millee are characterized as bulbous herbs, with naked peduncles, and umbellate or rarely solitary
flowers, and are divided into the following genera.

* Corolla-tube furnished with a crown.

1. ANDROSTEPHIUM, Torr. Tube funnelform, equaling the segments. Filaments united into a
crown at the throat of the tube. Capsule loculicidally 3-valved, many seeded.—A Texan genus of a single
species, A. VIOLACEUM, Torr., Bot. Mex. Bound. 218, having a tunicated bulb, an umbel of 3-4 flowers
upon a scape 2-4’ high, the perianth 10-12” long.

2. BESSERA, Schult. Tube campanulate, 4-6 times shorter than the segments. Filaments united to
the middle, filiform above. Capsule septicidally 3-valved, many-seeded.—A single Mexican genus and
species, B. ELEGANS, Schult., having atunicated bulb, a 4-10-flowered umbel on a fistulous scape 1-2° high,
and a deep-red perianth 9-10” long, with carinate segments.

* * Without crown.

3. LEUCOCORYNE, Lindl. Perianth funnelform or subrotate, the segments equaling or shorter than
the tube. Anthers 3, sessile in the tube. Staminodia 3, spur-shaped, inserted at the throat.—Chili and
Peru.

4. BRODLHA, Smith. Perianth funnelform, (in B. coccinea broadly tubular,) the segments longer or
shorter than the tube. Anthers 3, sessile, or nearly so, at the throat. Staminodia 3, petaloid, in one
row with the anthers.

5. MILLA, Cay. Perianth funnelform, the tube cylindric or campanulate, the segments equaling or
2-4 times longer than the tube. Stamens 6, perigynous, in 1 or 2 rows.

BRODLAA.

§ 1. EUBRODLEA. Scapes erect; perianth funnelform, the oblong-lanceolate segments equaling or
exceeding the tube; anthers not winged. ‘
* Umbel loose, the pedicels elongated ; ovary shortly stipitate.

1. B. GRaNDIFLoRA, 8m. Bulb brown-coated; leaves 4-6, subterete, 14” broad; scape 6-18’ high;
valves of the spathe many, linear ; umbel 2-8-flowered, pedicels unequal, 3-18” long; perianth 9-15” long,
violet, the segments exceeding the tube, the throat 14-2” broad; anthers 3” long, on 1” Jong filaments ;
staininodia subentire, equaling the anthers; style 3-4’ long; cells 3-4 seeded._From British Columbia
to California. Var. MAcRopopDa4, Torr., has a very short scape, the pedicels 3-6’ long. Var. Masor, Benth.,
is taller and stouter, the perianth 18-21” long, with a broader throat and longer segments.

* * Umbel dense, the pedicels short or almost wanting; ovary sessile.

2. B. concesTa, Sm. Bulb brown-coated ; leaves 3-4, subterete, 14-2” broad; scape 1-2° high;
valves of the spathe 3-4, lanceolate; umbel 6-12-flowered, the pedicels 1-3” long; perianth 8-9” long,
deep violet-blue, the segments about equaling the tube ; anthers sessile, 2} long, deeply notched at top ;
staminodia cucullate, deeply emarginate; style 2’ long; cells 5~6-seeded.—_From British Columbia to
N. California.

3. B. MULTIFLORA, Benth. Scape 1-2° high; flowers 6-20, blue, 6-10’ long, exceeding the pedicels,
the segments about equaling the ventricose tube; anthers 2” long; staminodia lanceolate, entire. See
page 353.

§ STROPHOLIRION. Scape long and twining; perianth funnelform, the oblong-lanceolate segments

about equaling the ventricose tube; anthers winged.

4. B. voLuBILIS, Baker. (Stropholirion Californicum, Torr., Pac. R. R. Surv. 4, 149, t. 23.) Leaves 3-4’
broad ;: scapes 4-12° long; valves of the spathe 4-5, lanceolate ; umbel 15-20-flowered, pedicels ae long;
perianth rose-purple, 5-6” long; anthers sessile, emarginate-winged, 14” long; staminodia ligulate,

62
490 BOTANY.

emarginate; ovary shortly stipitate, the cells 3-4-ovuled; style filiform, 14” long ; seed ‘often solitary.—
California.

§ BREVOORTIA. Scape erect ; perianth broadly tubular, 6-saccate at base, the tube 4 times longer

than the segments; anthers not winged.

5. B. coccinga, Gray. (Brevoortia Ida-Maia, Wood. Proc. Phil. Acad., 1867,p.173.) Leaves 2-3” broad,
1° long or more; scape 2-3° high ; valves of the spathe 4-6, lanceolate or linear, deep-red, 6-12" long ;
umbel 4-12-flowered, pedicels 8-12” long; perianth 12-16 long, the tube deep-scarlet, 3-4” broad, the
Janceolate-oblong segments yellowish, 24-3” long, spreading ; anthers linear, equaling the segments,
emarginate at base; staminodia yellowish, very broad, square, toothed, half-shorter than the anthers ;
ovary oblong, stipitate, the cell 4-6-ovuled ; style 8-9" long, filiform.—Cali fornia.

MILLA.

South American species are omitted.

§ BRODLEOPSIS. Tube broadly funnelform, exceeding the segments; stamens in 2 rows at the
pase and middle of the segments.
1. M. GRaANDIFLORA, Baker. 14-2° high ; flowers 6-30, on jointed pedicels, deep-blue, 8-10” long;
ovary stipitate. See page 354. i

§ EUMILLA. Tube funnelform, 1}-2 times shorter than the (oblong-lanceolate) segments ; stamens
in one row on the throat of the tube.

2. M. BrrtorA, Cay. Leaves 4-6, filiform, 6-12’ long; scape 6-18 high; flowers 1-4, the pedicels
strict, 2-6’ long, thickened at top; valves of the spathe many, linear; perianth whitish, 15-18” long,
segments carinate with a green midvein, the inner ones narrower ; stamens 2-24” long, subsessile, wing-
less; ovary oblong, on a short obconic stipe; style 5-6’ long; cells 5-9-seeded.—Mexico ; New Mexico,
(1913 Wright.)

3. M. capitava, Baker. (Brodiwa, Benth.) Leaves 2" proad; scape 1-2° high; valves of the spathe
many, lanceolate, violet ; umbel crowded, 5-9-flowered, pedicels 3” long or less; perianth 7-8" long, deep
lilac-blue ; stamens 14” long, sessile, the alternate ones emarginate-winged ; ovary narrowed at base;
style 2” long ; cells 8-9-seeded.—California, and in New Mexico and Arizona a form (Var. PAUCIFLORA,
Torr.) with 2-4-flowered umbels.

§ TRITELEIA. Tube funnelform, equaling or rarely exceeding the segments, or 13-2 times shorter ;
stamens in 2rows, upon the tube. In N. American species, pedicels jointed ; umbel many-flowered ;
ovary long-stipitate.

* Filaments elongated, winged laterally at base. (Calliprora, Lindl.)

4. M, rxtorpns, Baker. Scape 6-18’ high, with 2-3 leaves, 2-6” broad; valves of the spathe 3-4,
linear; umbel 10-20-flowered, the pedicels 1-2’ long; perianth yellow, 7-12’ long, the lanceolate-spatu-
late segments dotted with green, twice longer than the turbinate tube; filaments flattened, 3-cuspidate,
2-24" long; style 14” long; cells 5-6-seeded.—California.

* * Filaments very short and wingless, ornone. California. (Seubertia, Kth.)

5, M. vaxa, Baker. Leaves 2-4” broad, 1° long or more; scape 12-18’ high; valves of the spathe
many, 6-9” long; umbel 8-20-flowered, the pedicels 1-3’ long; perianth deep-blue, 15-18” long, the
lanceolate acute segments shorter than the tube; anthers linear, exceeding the filaments; stipe of the
ovary 6-9" long, cells 12-15-ovuled ; style 14” long.

6. M. pEDUNCULARIS, Baker. Leaves 3-4” broad, 1° long or more; scape 1}-2° high; valves of the
spathe many, linear; umbel 12-20-flowered, the pedicels 2-3’ long ; perianth blue, 8-9” long, the lanceo-
late-spatulate acute segments a little exceeding the tube; anthers sessile, 14’ long; stipe 2-24” long;
cells 3-4-seeded.

7. M. crocra, Baker. (Seubertia, Wood, l. ., p.171.) Scape 1° high, exceeding the linear leaves;
valves 4, shorter than the pedicels ; umbel 5-6-flowered ; perianth yellow, 9” long, the segments obtuse ;
anthers oblong ; cells 5-seeded.

§ HESPEROSCORDIUM. Tube campanulate, 3-4 times shorter than the segments; stamens more

or less distinctly 2-rowed, upon the tube.

8. M. nyacinturs, Baker. Scape 1-2° high, with 2-3 leaves, 1-6” wide; umbel 10-30-flowered,
pedicels 4-1’ long ; perianth 4-7” long, greenish white ; cells 2-3-seeded. See page 354.

; 9. M. MARITIMA. Scape 3-6’ high; perianth 3” long, segments scarcely connate. See page 354,
This species is here added to the genus notwithstanding the very short tube of the perianth.
APPENDIX. 491

JUNCUS.

Drawn up from the extended rovision of the North American species by Dr. Groras ENGELMANN
in Zrans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Vol. IL, pp. 424-498, (1868.)

§ 1. GENUINI. Scape naked, tho basal sheaths also leafless, or rarely bearing terete leaves similar

to the scape.

* Flowers in clusters in a compound panicle ; Stamens 6; sheaths leaf-bearing, (unknown in

J. Cooperi.)

1. J. acutus, L. Stout, nearly 4° high; panicle 6/ long; sepals broadly margined, shorter than in
the next, the inner deeply emarginate ; stigmas thick and short-subulate ; capsule deep-brown, almost
globose.—Europe; 8. Africa; 8. America. Coast of §. California.

2. J. Cooprrt, Eng. Stout, rigid, nearly 2° high; clusters 2-5-flowered in a strict green panicle 3/
long, 1’ wide; outer sepals 3” long, lanceolate, subulate-acute, the inner ovate-lanceolate, mucronate,
slightly shorter, scarcely exceeding the broadly linear (12 long) anthers; filaments very short; capsule
ovate at base, acute, scarcely angled, indurated, greenish, slightly exserted ; seeds rather large, append-
aged, costate-reticulate.—S. California, (Cooper.)

3. J. RaMERtsnus, Scheele. Panicle effuse; inner sepals shorter, obtusish; anthers deciduous;
style very short; capsule obtuse, with spongy placentx, deep-brown ; seeds oval, obtuse.—N. Carolina
to Florida; Texas. ; :

* * Flowers solitary in the panicle.
(a.) Flowers many ; panicle more or less compound.

(1.) Rather stout; capsules ovate or obovate ; hexandrous, the anthers stout, on very short fila-
ments.
(12.) Sheaths leaf-bearing.

4. J. compressus, HBK. Rootstock creeping; scape 10-18! high, compressed ; sheaths with short
leaves or sometimes blunt and leafless; panicle small, rather simple, the extreme branchlets with secund
flowers ; sepals lanceolate, the outer acute, the inner a little shorter, obtusish, 44 longer than the sta-
mens; style nearly equaling the ovary; capsule ovate, acute; seeds ovate, obtuse, scarcely pointed,
smoothish.—Salinas Valley, California; Northern Mexico.

(1’.) Sheaths leafless.

5. J. BreweErt, Eng. Rootstock perpendicular; scape 1° high, compressed ; panicle small, rather
compact; sepals 24’ long, subequal, ovate, broadly margined, abruptly acuminate; stigmas exserted ;
style equaling the ovary.—Capsule and seeds unknown. Monterey, California.

6. J. Baxticus, Deth., Var. LITTORALIS, Eng. Scape terete; outer sepals 2” long, acute, the inner
obtusish, shorter; capsule elliptical, rather triangular, obtuse and pointed; sceds ovate, obtuse, very
shortly. apiculate, 4/’ long or more.—Newfoundland to N. England and Pennsylvania, and west to the
Upper Mississippi.

Var. MONTANUS, Eng. Sepals nearly equal and similar, or the inner more obtuse; capsule ovate-
pyramidal, angled, beaked ; seeds smaller, narrower, longer apiculate. See page 356.

7. J. Lesurunril, Bol. Rootstock creeping; scape 2-3° high, stout, soft, terete, often 2-3” thick and
fistulous; panicle usually compact; flowers secund, 2}-3” long; sepals lanceolate, the outer very acute, a
little exceeding the obtuse inner ones, all connivent above the shorter or equal ovate acute capsule; seeds
$" long, ovate, obtuse, shortly or scarcely apiculate, very minutely reticulate or smoothish.—San Fran-
cisco; Chili.

(2.) Rather stout; sheaths leafless; capsules ovate or obovate; triandrous; filaments nearly equal-

ing the linear anthers. ;

8. J. procrrus, E. Mey. (?) Scape 3° high, terete; sheaths dark-brown, obtuse, shortly awned ;
panicle decompound, dense, many-rayed and corymb-like; sepals equal, lanceolate, the outer acute-subu-
late, the inner obtuse, mucronate, equaling the ovate subacute capsule; stamens one-fourth shorter ;
seeds rather large, ovate.—San Francisco; Chili?

9. J. EFFuUSUS, L. Sepals very acute; capsule triangular-obovate or clavate, retuse and pointless.—
From Maine to the Rio Grande and Pacific.

(3.) More slender ; flowers usually fewer, often greenish, hoxandrous; sepals often spreading in fruit ;

capsule subglobose.
(38,) Sheaths leafless.

10. J. PATENS, E.Mey. 14-3° high; sheaths elongated, awned; panicle 1-2’ long, 3-5-branched,
492 BOTANY.

the branchlets secund, spreading or recurved; sepals not 2” long, usually light-colored, lanceolate, acute,
equal, or the outer subulate ones a little longer ; stamens half-shorter, the anthers equal to the filaments ;
style short; capsule subglobose, mucronate; seeds }’’ long, numerous, ovate, obtuse, obliquely apicu-
late.—California.
11. J. Fixrrormis, L. Very slender; panicle almost simple; sepals exceeding the broadly ovate
obtuse short-pointed greenish capsule. See page 356. Also found in 8. Greenland.
12. J. Smrruu, Eng. Panicle nearly simple; sepals brown, equal, the inner obtuse, a little shorter
than the acute and pointed deep-brown capsule; seeds few, large, short-appendaged.—Pennsylvania.
(3%,) Sheaths leaf-bearing.
13. J. suraceus, Rostk. Panicle few-flowered ; sepals smooth and shining ; capsule globose, beaked ;
seeds subglobose, coarsely lined.—N. Carolina to Florida and Louisiana.
(b.) Flowers few, the panicle scarcely ever compound; stamens 6. Arctic or subalpine.
(1.) Seeds only apiculate.

14. J. arncricus, Willd. Rootstock creeping; sheaths leafless; scape terete; sepals ovate-lanceolate,
acute, shorter than the elliptical triangular mucronate capsule; seeds obovate, oblique, obtuse.—Europe ;
Asia; Greenland. Var. SrrcuEnsis, Eng. Spathe elongated; sepals longer, nearly equal; capsule tur-
binate-pyriform ; seeds very few.—Sitka and northward on the coast; Kamchatka.

(2.) Seeds caudate.

15. J. DrummMonpu, E. Mey. Sheaths leafless, bristle-pointed; flowers 1-3, 3’ long; seeds }’ long,
equaling or shorter than the appendage. See page 356.

16. J. Harty, Eng. Scapes 6-12’ high, terete, filiform, much longer than the terete bristleform (2-5"
long) leaves; spathe scarcely exceeding the close subsimple 2-5-flow ered panicle; sepals 2” long, lanceo-
late, acute, white-margined, the outer a little longer, and twice longer than the stamens; anthers nearly
equaling the filament; stigmas subsessile, equaling the ovate ovary; capsule ovate, angled, retuse,
scarcely exserted ; seeds oblong-linear, striate-reticulate, }” long, the tail but half as long.—Colorado.

17. J. Parryi, Eng. Aspan high; sheaths leafy; panicle 1-3-flowered ; outer sepals bristle-pointed,
about 3” long; capsule acute; seed and appendage 1” long. See page 357.

§ 2. GRAMINIFOLII. Stems naked or leafy; leaves flat, or semi-terete and channeled, or rarely

subterete, never knotted.
* Alpine; seeds few, large, caudate; leaves fistulous; stamens 6.
(a.) Flowers few.

18. J. TRiripus, L. Low, tufted; leaves 2-3 at the summit, threadlike; flowers 1-4, sessile; sepals
brown, 2’ long or less, acute; capsule ovate, beaked ; seeds 1” long, angled.—Greenland ; Newfoundland ;
mountains of N. England and Northern New York.

19. J. BIGLUMIS, L. Leaves deeply grooved below, nearly terete or slightly flattened upward; head
2-flowered, one flower pedicclled, usually shorter than the spathe; capsule turbinate, retuse, exceeding

the obtuse sepals; seeds ovate-oblong, }” long, a little exceeding the appendage.—N. Europe and Asia;
Greenland; Arctic Coast to Behring Strait and in the subarctic Rocky Mts.

(b.) Flowers in small heads.

20. J. TRiaLUMis, L. Leaves roundish, channeled and 2-3-tubular below, flattened upward; sheaths
auricled at top; head 3-flowered, equaling the membranous spathe; capsule elliptical, acute, exceeding
the obtuse sepals; seeds $” long; with longer appendages.—Europe; Asia; Greenland; Arctic Coast and
in the Rocky Mts. to Colorado.

21. J. sryeius, L. With 1-3 threadlike leaves below; heads 1-2, of 3-4 flowers; filaments many
times exceeding the anther; stigmas recurved; capsule exserted ; seeds 1} long—N. W. New York to
Newfoundland ; Lake Superior.

22. J. casTanrus, Sm. Stem leafy; leaves terete, deeply channeled at base; heads somewhat in
pairs, sessile or peduncled, shorter than the rather large spathe; sepals 3” long or more, equaling the
stamens, shorter than the oval-triangular rather long-mucronate capsule; anthers pointed, half as long
as the filaments; stigmas exsert; style short; seeds oblong, }” long, the tail twice longer.—Europe ;
Asia; Greenland; and from Arctic America to the Saskatchewan, Colorado and Washington Territory ;
Newfoundland.

* * Flowers solitary, panicled; stamens 6.
(a.) Stems slender, simple, tufted, leafy below; root perennial.
(1.) Seeds caudate.

23, J. Vasryi, Eng. Leaves slightly channeled at base; panicle light-colored, loose, few-flowered ;

capsule ovate, retuse; seeds slender, conspicuously caudate at both ends,—Michiean to the Saskatch
and Rocky Mts. ; Colorado. - cote
APPENDIX. 493

24. J. GREENU, Oakes & Tuckerm. Shorter; leaves deeply channeled ; panicle dense, many-flowered ;
capsule ovate-oblong, obtuse ; seeds ovoid, tails shorter.—N. England ; Michigan.

(2.) Seeds only apiculate.

25. J. TENUIS, Willd. Leaves flat; sepals equal, lanceolate, subulate, spreading, exceeding the ovoid
retuse green capsule; seeds } long, white-pointed at both ends.—Through the United States from the
Atlantic to the Pacific and southward to the Tropics and W. Indies; W. Europe. The northeastern Var.
SECUNDUS, Eng., has smaller secund flowers along the incurved branches, and in Var. concrstus, Eng.,
of California and Colorado, the branches are contracted into a head and the flowers darker-colored.

26. J. DICcHOTOMUS, Ell. Stouter; leaves filiform, slightly channeled ; sepals as long as the globose
beaked reddish capsule; otherwise nearly as the last.—N. Jersey to Florida.

27. J. Gerarpi, Lois. Panicle contracted ; sepals oval-oblong, obtuse, incurved, equaling the oval

obtuse mucronate capsule; seeds larger, obovate.—Salt marshes from Canada to Florida, and on the
Great Lakes,

(8.) Stems branched, diffuse, leafy ; root annual.
28. J. BuFoNnrIuS, L. Low and slender. See page 357.
* * * Flowers capitate, (in Nos. 29 and 30 often solitary.)
(a.) Stamens 3, (in J. leptocaulis 3-6.)
(1.) Annual, very low, branched; leaves filiform.

29. J. KetLoGeu, Eng. Much branched; leaves channeled above, 6-10" long; branchlets short,
leafy below, bearing loose terminal 3-5-flowered heads and sometimes longer 2-flowered peduncles in the
axils; sepals lanceolate-subulate, equal, pale-green and whitish, 13-2” long, exceeding the stamens and
nearly equaling the ovate obtuse mucronate membranous capsule; anthers oblong-linear, shorter than
the filament ; seeds ovate, } long, scarcely pointed, with a few strong ribs.—San Francisco.

30: J. TRIFORMIS, Eng. Less branched, the many capillary scapelike peduncles much exceeding the
leaves; flowers few, in small heads, or solitary.—See page 357. Variable ; the typical form being 2-4’
high, heads 3-5-flowered, sepals slightly exceeding the stamens and rather long-mucronate capsule, an-
thers twice longer than the filaments, style exserted, several times longer than the ovate ovary, stigmas
elongated. Var. BRacuystyLus, Eng,, is 1-2/ high, flowers 1-3 together, sepals twice longer than the
stamens, equaling, or nearly so, the obtuse very shortly mucronate capsule, anthers half as long as the
filaments, the very short style and stigmas included. Var. unirLorus, Eng., is 41! high, the solitary
flowers mostly dimerous.

(2.) Stems compressed, simple, leafy; leaves flat.

31. J. repens, Mx. Annual; stems ascending or creeping; leaves fascicled on the stem; inner
sepals much the longer; capsule linear, obtuse; filaments long.—Maryland to Florida and Louisiana.

32. J. MARGINATUS, Rostk. Perennial, erect, 1-3° high; inner sepals mostly obtuse, exceeding the
acute outer ones, equaling the subglobose obtuse scarcely pointed capsule; anthers purple.—N. Jersey to
W. Canada and Illinois, southward to 8. Carolina, Arkansas and Texas.

33. J. LePTOcAULIS, T. & G. Rootstock small, apparently perennial; stems tufted, slender, 6-14’
high, slightly compressed, fistulous, few-leaved; heads 1-3, of 3-7 light-green flowers; bracts ovate,
awned, mostly shorter than the subpedicelled flower; sepals 2” long, usually equal, ovate-lanceolate,
acuminate awned, ¢ longer than the 3-6 stamens and the obovate retuse mucronate capsule; anthers 2-3
times shorter than the filament; stigmas equaling the ovary with its very short style; seeds obovate,
pointed, strongly ribbed.—Arkansas ; Texas.

(b.) Stamens 6.

34. J. ratcatus, E.Mey. Rootstock ascending, stoloniferous ; stems 2~15/ (usually 6-8’) high, com-
pressed, 1-leaved or naked ; leaves flat, adverse, mostly laterally curved; heads usually single, 8-18-flow-
ered, (in Var. PANICULATUS about 5-flowered, in a simple or subcompound panicle ;) sepals 3” long, ovate,
scabrous, the outer acuminate, equaling or exceeding the obtuse sometimes mucronulate inner ones and
the obovate obtuse mucronate capsule; anthers much exceeding the filament ; stigmas long and exserted ;
seeds lanceolate-ovate, subcaudate, costate-reticulate.—Unalaska to California. :

35. J. OBTUSATUS, Eng. Rootstock creeping; stems tufted, a span high, mostly 1-leaved; nearly
equaling the flat linear leaves; heads few, few-many-flowered, in a simple panicle ; sepals 14-2” long,
green with brown margins, slightly scabrous, ovate, equal, the outer often cuspidate, the inner very ob-
tuse, much shorter than the ovate obtuse very shortly mucronate capsule; stamens half-longer than the
sepals; stigmas long, exserted; seeds ovate, obtuse or scarcely pointed, reticulate.-—Big Tree Grove,
California.

36. J. LONGISTYLIs, T. & G. 1-2° high; heads in a contracted panicle, rarely solitary ; sepals equal,
ovate-lanceolate, acute; seeds oblanceolate or obovate. See page 357.
494 BOTANY.

§3. ARTICULATI. Stem leafy; leaves knotted by internal cross-partitions.
* Leaves terete or slightly compressed.
(a.) Seeds barely pointed.
(1.) Heads 2-1-flowered ; stamens 6.

37. J. prLocarrus, E. Mey. 6-18’ high; leaves threadlike; panicle compound, spreading ; flowers
small, secund ; sepals obtuse.—Newfoundland to Wisconsin and south on the coast to Florida. Var. (?)
SUBTILIS, Eng. Creeping or floating, mostly with a single 2-flowered head ; stamens 3.—Canada. ;

(2.) Heads few-flowered.
(2%.) Stamens 6.

38. J. artTicuLatus, L. 9-15’ high; panicle short, dense, spreading, brown ; sepals mostly acute ;
capsule deep-brown, ovate-oblong, acute.—N. Europe; Newfoundland; N. England to New York and
Delaware.

39. J. atprnus, Vill. Europe; Asia. Var. mnsicnis, Fr. 9-18’ high; panicle erect, elongated,
greenish or light-brown; sepals obtuse; capsules light-brown, obtuse, mucronate——From Lake Cham
plain to N. [Winois, Colorado and Washington Territory and north to the Arctic Ocean.

40. J. puBIUS, Eng. Rootstock thick, horizontal ; stems 14-3° high, erect, terete-compressed, as also
the leaves ; panicle 3-5’ long, decompound, spreading ; heads 6-10-flowered, straw-color; flowers subses-
sile; sepals nearly 2” long, lance-subulate, very acute, equal; stamens half as long, the anthers rather
exceeding the filament; capsule linear-prismatic, acute, 1-celled, exserted; seeds obovate, +” long, pointed
at both ends, 5-7-ribbed and reticulate—Resembling J. oxymeris. Big Tree Grove, California.

41. J. MILITaRis, Big. 2-4° high; leaf single, stout, erect; panicle about 3/ long; heads mostly
5-12-flowered ; sepals lanceolate, outer awl-pointed, equaling the ovate beaked 1-celled capsule.—Maiune to
Maryland.

(2>.) Stamens 3.

42. J. SUPINIFORMIS, Eng. Stem 1° high or more, shorter than the erect terete leaves; early leaves
capillary, floating ; panicle simple; heads about 5-flowered ; sepals 2” long, ovate-lanceolate, cuspidate,
equal, or the outer a little shorter; anthers much shorter than the filament; style very short; capsule
prismatic, obtuse, mucronate, 1-celled, scarcely exserted; seeds obovate, pointed at both ends.—Mendo-
cino City, California.

43. J. Exz1oTTu, Chap. Stems slender, 1-2° high, much exceeding the leaves; panicle 3-4’ long,
subspreading ; heads 3-9-flowered, globose; sepals 1’ long, ovate-lanceolate, very acute, equal and nearly
equaling the dark-brown and shining broadly ovate obtuse very shortly mucronate 1-celled capsule ;
anthers scarcely exceeding the filament; stigmas subsessile; seeds oblanceolate, attenuate each way,
dark-brown, reticulated.—N. Carolina to Florida and S. Mississippi.

44, J. acUMINATUS, Mx. Panicle effuse; heads few-many-flowered, pale or at length darker; sepals
lanceolate-subulate, very acute, equal, equaling or shorter than the prismatic short-pointed capsule—
Very variable. From New England to Missouri and the Rio Grande.

(3.) Heads many-flowered.
(3%,) Stamens 3,

45. J. BRACHYCARPUS, Eng. 1-24° high, with 2-10 dense globose heads in a short panicle; sepals 2”
long, lanceolate-subulate, the inner much shorter than the outer, but exceeding the ovoid pointed pod.—
Ohio to Missouri and south to Lonisiana and Texas. :

46. J. scrrporpEs, Lam. 1-4° high, with few-many dense pale-green globose heads; sepals rigid,
subulate and bristle-pointed, nearly equaling the pyramidal subulate 1-celled capsule.—Variable. New
Jersey to Florida and west to Arkansas and Texas.

47. J. BoLANDERI, Eng. Stems 2° high or more, slender, compressed; sheaths of the terete leaves
long-auricled ; heads 30-50-flowered, solitary or few in a cluster, or shortly peduncled; flowers brown,
sessile; sepals linear-lanceolate, subulate, 2 long, eqnal, equaling the clavate-turbinate obtuse mucro-
nate capsule ; filaments 2-3 times longer than the pointed anthers; seeds obovate, reticulate, }” long—
Near Mendocino City, California.

(3>.) Stamens 6.

48. J. Noposus, L. 6-15’ high; stolons tuberiferous ; heads 8-20-flowered, brown; sepals lance-
linear, acute, shorter than the slender beaked 1-celled capsule; seeds reticulated.—The typical form from
Hudson’s Bay to Pennsylvania and Wisconsin and west to the Pacific. Var. MEGACEPHALUS, Torr.; see
page 358. Var. Texanus, Eng. ; taller, panicle compound, flowers larger (24) and more numerous, an-
thers obtuse, often twice as long as the filaments; only in Texas.
APPENDIX. 495

_(b.) Seeds caudate.
(1.) Stamens 3.

49. J. CANADENSIS, J. Gay. Heads few-many-flowered ; outer sepals the shortcr; capsule prismatic,
mostly exsert and short-pointed.—Very variable. From N. England and Canada to Wisconsin, and south-
ward to Georgia, Ohio and Illinois; Louisiana.

(2.) Stamens 6, (or often 3 in J. caudatus.)

50. J. cAuDATUS, Chapm. Stems 2-3° high, tercte and with the rigid leaves smooth; panicle com-
pound or decompound, suberect, 2-6’ long; heads 2-5-flowered; sepals nearly 2/ long, lanceolate, 3-5-
nerved, the outer acute, equaling the stamens, the inner subulate, longer; style very short; stigmas
exserted ; capsule pyramidal, acute, dark-red, long-exserted ; seeds linear-oblong, many-striate, 4’ long,
the tail mostly longer.—S. Carolina to Florida and Louisiana.

51. J. AsperR, Eng. 2-3° high, stem and leaves rough ; sepals 2} long; seeds larger, dark, the tails
often reddish.—N. Jersey.

* * Leaves compressed and equitant, ensiform. Stems compressed or ancipital; flowers pedicelled,

in few-many-flowered heads ; stamens 6-3.

52. J. MERTENSIANUS, Bong. Stems compressed, 7-14’ high; flowers very dark brown in a single
head, rarely 2-3; capsule broadly obovate, obtuse, mucronate. See page 358.

53. J. xripHiorpEs, E.Mey. Stems 1-4° high, ancipital; heads few or many; capsule prismatic,
acute, sometimes rostrate—Very variable. See page 358. Other forms occur in California and north-
ward to Unalaska.

54. J. OXYMERIS, Eng. Stems 2-3° high from a creeping rootstock, erect or ascending, compressed ;
leaves 1-2} wide; panicle decompound, 4-6’ long, spreading or strict; heads 5-10-flowered, pale ; sepals
about 2” long, linear-lanceolate, acuminate-awned, the inner often a little the longer, mostly shorter than
the lanceolate rostrate 1-celled capsule; stigmas exserted, the style equaling the ovary ; seeds }’ long,
ovate-oblanceolate, reticulate with smooth areas.—California.

55. J. PHAOCEPHALUS, Eng. Stems erect, compressed, with 1, few or rarely more heads; sepals
2-24” long, dark-brown, lanceolate-ovate, equal, acute to subulate or sometimes obtuse, usually equaling
the obtuse or acute long-mucronate capsule; anthers 2-3 times longer than the filament; style equaling
the ovary; stigmas long, exserted ; seeds ovate, pointed each way, }” long, reticulate, the areas smooth-
ish.—California ; variable.

56. J. CHLOROCEPHALUS, Eng. Heads pale; sepals broad and obtuse; style several times longer
than the ovate ovary ; stigmas shorter; capsule ovate, obtuse, shorter than the sepals. See page 359.
YUCCA AND AGAVE.

The following addition to the Catalogue of the plants of Nevada and Utah is from Dr. GEORGE
ENGELMANN as a result of his recent study of our hitherto ill-defined and little understood species of
these genera.

YUCCA, Lh.

Perianth cup-shaped, of six (whitish) petal-like lance-oval acutish leaves, withering-persistent,
longer than the six club-shaped stamens. Stigmas 3, more or Jess united. Pod oblong or cylindrical,
somewhat 6-sided, 3-celled, the cells incompletely 2-celled by a partition from the back. Seeds very
numerous, flat, horizontal, in 6 rows, black, with the linear straight or curved embryo diagonal, as long
as the albumen.—Stems woody, fibrous, very short or rising into thick columnar palm-like simple or
branching trunks, bearing persistent rigid linear or lance-linear mostly sharp-pointed leaves, with smooth,
rough, or filamentose edges, and terminated by an ample compound panicle (or rarely a spike) of showy
pendulous flowers, opening wide in the evening and half-closed in the morning.

$1. EU-YUCCA. Filaments club-shaped, obtuse, papillose-pubescent, mostly shorter than the pistil,

often spreading or recurved; anthers oblong or sagittate; ovary prismatic or subcylindric, obtuse
or narrowed into a sort of style; stigmas elongated, bi-lobed, papillose.

* Sarcocarpa. Pendulous fruit fleshy and indehiscent; thick seeds somewhat rugose, with deeply lobed

(ruminated) albumen. '

1. Y. Baccata, Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 221. Stems none, or short, or several feet high; leaves very
thick and rigid, lance-linear, narrowed above the broad base, concave, terminating in a stout spine, with
very coarse marginal fibres; flowers panicled; petals rhombic-ovate (1}-1}' long) or linear-lanceolate,
(sometimes over 3’ long;) ovary attenuate into a style; stigmas short; fruit ovate or cylindric,
long-rostrate.—From New Mexico and S. Colorado, through §. Utah, to Arizona, California and Mexico.
Northward a low plant, it becomes a tree farther south ; leaves 14-2° long, 1}-2’ wide. The edible sweet
ee are often called “ Dates ;” seeds variable in size, usually the largest in the genus, 5-6” wide, 1-13”
thick. .

* * Clistocarpa. Fruit indehiscent, at last dry; seeds thickish, smooth, with the albumen entire.

2. Y. BREVIFOLIA, Eng. (Y. Draconis, Var. arborescens, Torr. Bot. Whipp., Pac. R. R. Surv. 4. 147.)
Tree-like, at last much branched ; the short narrow leaves crowded at the end of the branches, thick
very rigid, stout and sharp-pointed, not narrowed above the broad base, serrulate on the margin ; panicle
sessile at the end of the branches; fruit large, 4’ long, ovate, pointed.—Deserts of 8. Utah, through
Arizona, to 8. E. California where it forms entire forests on the desert plateaus at 2-4,000 feet altitude.
Often 20-30° high and 1-2° in diameter, with a thick rough bark; leaves 4-6’ or in younger specimens
10-12’ long, +-4/ wide, stiffer and stonter pointed than any other in the genus. The flower when knuwn
may make it necessary to remove it from § Euyucca.

** * Chenocarpa. Erect fruit dry, septicidally 3-valved from the apex, the valves at last again

divided at tip ; seed very thin, smooth, with an entire albumen.

3. Y. ANGUSTIFOLIA, Pursh. Stems none or short; leaves narrowly linear, scarcely narrowed above
the pee base, rigid, spiny-pointed, nearly flat above, convex below, with very slender marginal fibres
1}-2}° long; flowers spiked ; petals broad-ovate, 14-14’ long; stigmas half as long as the ovary. spaaite,
erect 5 capsule cylindric-ovate, thick, obtuse, short-pointed; sced large, (5-7" in diameter,) with a wide
margin,

Var. B. RADIOSA, Eng. Stems several feet high; flowers in lar: i ;
erin gh; 'g0 panicles ;

Western plains to Texas, Colorado, New Mexico and into Utah: th iety i

ah; the variety in Central Arizona and
northward to the borders of Utah. A very variable plant, which eastward toward the Mississippi ‘el
the Gulf has broader, shorter, and more flaccid leaves, (Y. stricta, Sims %,) but is always recognized by the
thick never constricted obtuse capsule and the large broad-margined seed, 5-7” wide. Both ae ee

petals narrow lanceolate,
APPENDIX. 497

noticed have very narrow leaves, the former 6”, the latter 4-5” wide. About St. George, Utah, a form
occurs with leaves only 2” wide.

§ 2. HESPERO-YUCCA. Filaments thickened upward, acute, smooth, mostly longer than the pistil,
erect; anthers didymous, broader than long ; ovary oval, the slender style tipped with a broad short
3-lobed stigma, bearing numerous filiform papille ; erect capsule loculicidally 3-valved from the
apex, valves entire, undivided; seeds thin, smooth, with entire albumen.

4. Y. Wurercet, Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 222. Stems none or short, prostrate ; leaves few, often fal-
cate, rigid but not thick, gradually widening toward the broad base, rough on the margin, sharp-pointed,
striated, glaucous, 12-18’ long, }/ wide or less; flowers panicled; petals lance-oval, 14-3’ long ; capsule
small, ovate or obovate, obtuse; seed narrowly margined.—From N. W. Arizona to the mountains and
coast ranges of 8. California; it may be expected in 8. Utah. Flowers very different in size, some speci-
mens with the largest in the genus; style sometimes as long as the ovary or much shorter.

The following genus is founded on a plant from W. Texas, originally described as a doubtful Yucca,
then as an Aloe, but evidently distinct from both.

HESPERALOE, Ene. N. Gen.

Perianth cylindric, of 6 (reddish) petal-like linear obtuse leaves, united at base, withering-persistent,
the outer ones cucullate at apex ; filaments from a broad adnate base, subulate-filiform, of the length of
the perianth, geniculate-inflexed below the tip; anthers oblong, bifid below; ovary ovate, 3-celled,
several times shorter than the filiform style ; small capitate stigma exsert; capswle.3-celled, 6-valved, with
6 rows of thin black horizontal Yucca-like seeds, with a linear diagonal embryo of the length of the
albumen.—Corm bearing the Yucca-like filamentose-margined leaves and a scape, with the fascicled flowers
in a spike or few-branched panicle. The leaves, pollen,! and sceds are those of a Yi ucea, the perigon and
pistil that of an Aloe; the filaments, being adnate at base and geniculate upwards, resemble those of an
Agave.

HESPERALOE YUCCHFOLIA, Eng. (Yucca (?) parviflora, Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 221. Aloe yuccefolia,
Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad. 7. 390.)

AGAVE, L.

Perianth tubular, funnelform or campanulate, persistent, 6-parted, the divisions nearly equal.
Stamens 6; filaments more or less adnate to the tube, inflexed in the bud, at last exsert; anthers linear,
versatile. Pod coriaceous, 3-celled, loculicidally 3-valved from the apex. Seeds many, black, flat, hori-
zontal, in 2 rows in each cell.—Leaves thick and fleshy, mostly terminating in a spine, on the margins
spiny-toothed or often cartilaginous-denticulate or rarely filamentous or entire, clustered at the base of
the many-flowered scape from a thick fibrous-rooted crown or on.the top of a short trunk.

A. UTAHENSE, Engelm. N. sp. Leaves basal, stout, very fleshy, tapering from a broad base and
terminating in a long channeled spine, herbaceous on the sinuate margins between the horny flat teeth ;
scape bearing a dense spike of small yellowish flowers in fours or pairs; the oblong obtuse erect lobes
of the perigon as long as the ovary, 3-4 times the length of the short campanulate tube; stamens from
the middle of the tube, together with the style slightly exsert; anthers of the length of the lobes ; capsule
cylindric-ovate, acute—About St. George, Utah, (Dr. E. Palmer, J. E. Johnson.) Leaves at base 14-2’
wide, 5’ long, with stout broad white straight or rarely recurved spines on the margin; terminal spine
whitish, nearly 1’ long ; each leaf marked with the impressions of the teeth of those next to it; scape 5-6°
high ; flowers, ovary included, about 1‘ long, tube very shallow, scarcely more than 1” long ; capsule and
seeds among the smallest in the genus, the former 9-10’ long, the latter 14-2” in longest diameter.
Allied with A. heteracantha, Zucc., (A. Poselgeri, Salm. 4. Lecheguilla, Torr.,) which extends from Mexico
into New Mexico and Arizona.

1The pollen-cells of Yueca are globose, 0.055-0.065 mm. diam.; those of Hesperaloe are similar but only 0.050-0.055 mm,
diam., and those of Aloe 0.030-0.050 mm. diam., globose when fresh, but when dry lanceolate, folded or grooved, (much like
those of Hyacinthus and many other Liliacee,) slowly becoming globose when soaked.

63
CORRECTIONS.

Page 8. Under RANUNCULUS DiGITaTuS, for “Mt. Tobin” read “ Havallah.”

Page 9. Under RANUNCULUS ORTHORHYNCHUS, for “ R, amarnus, Gray,” read “ R. adoneus, Gray, Proc.
Phil. Acad., May. 1863, p. 56, (R. amenus, Gray, Sill. Jour., n. 3., 33. 12.”)

Page 45. For “Burata AMERICANA” read “BERGIA TEXANA.”

Page 48. Under SpHeRatcea Emory], for “8. angustifolia, Benth.” read “ 8. angustifolia, Spach.”

Page 48. For “SmpaLcra ACERIFOLIA” read “ SPHARALCEA ACERIFOLIA.”

Page 72. Under AsTraGaLus UraneEnsts, for “6,000 feet” read “8,000 feet.”

Page 115. In note, for “ Seeds brown or black” read “ Seeds yellowish-brown or sometimes black.”

Page 116. Under Ecurnocactus WurpPiel, for “the upper much longer” read “the upper one
much longer,” and in note, for “Seeds brown or black” read “Seeds black or, rarely, brown.”

Page 117.
Page 118.

In note, omit “lateral” after “flowers.”
Under OPUNTIA sPHaROCARPA, for “Utah” read “Nevada.” In note, for “rather large

flowers” read “ mostly large flowers.”

Page 119.

Under OPUNTIA ERINACEA, before “ berry” insert “ dry,” and under O. PULCHELLA, before

“joints” insert “ clustered.”

Page 120.
Page 164.
Page 239.
Page 267.
Page 282.
Page 291.
Page 309.
Page 336.
Page 365.

Under OPUNTIA ARBORESCENS and O. FRUTESCENS, to the localities add “ Northern Mexico.”
Under CHRYSOPSIS VILLOSA, for ‘‘ echinoides” read “ echioides.”

Under MERrTENSIA PANICULATA, for (483) read (843.)

Under Gitta Scuorri, before 3-5-ovuled” insert “ cells.”

Under ASCLEPIAS WASCICULARIS, for “A. verticillaris” read “ A, verticillata.”

Under OBIONE PHYLLOSTEGIA, for “Utah” read “ Central Nevada.”

Under ERIOGONUM INFLATUM, omit “the segments similar and subequal.”

For “LemMNA VALpEsrana,” read “ LEMNA VALDIVIANA, Philippi.”

Under Carex Bonpiannn, for “ Var. MINOR, Olney,” read “ Var. MINOR, Boott.”
 

 

 

INDEX.

 
INDEX

TO THE

CATALOGUE AND APPENDIX.

Page. |
Abies amabilis, Forbes ...--...----2--.------ 333
Douglasii, Lindl. ........... 0.222. .2.- 334
Engelmanni, Parry ....-.-.---.-.----- 332
grandis, Lindl. ...............-------. 384
Menziesii, Lindl]. ..............-..---. 333
Abronia; JUSS; cc 2o00 sere reece neeceme 284, 474, 476
arenaria, Menz. -.-.-...-.--------- 476
Cruax-Malte, Kell. ...-..-.---.--.--- 286
cycloptera, Gray.---.-.-..-.----- 285, 476
fragrans, Nutt. ...-.....-..-.-.-- 284, 476
mellifera, Dougl. .......-----.----- 476
micrantha, Torr. .......---------+-- 285
speciosa, Buck]. .........---.-.---. 285
turbinata, Torr. .....-. 2.0... -.-.285, 476
umbellata, Lam. .......-.--.----- 285, 476
Acer: clabrum) Torts: ssaeescosese veces eecises 52
grandidentatum, Nutt. .....-.-.-.-.---. 52
macrophyllum, Pursh...-........---.-. 52
tripartitum, Nutt. ....--..---------- 2-6 52
Acerates decumbens, Decne. ..-.-.----.----- 283
latifolia, Torr. ..-.--..----- iavedgezes 283
Achillea Millefolium, L. ......-..--.0---..-- 179
Acleisanthes, Gray..--...-.--. seeeer armel 474
anisophylla, Gray....--....-.. 474
Berlandieri, Gray..--..-.----- 474
crassifolia, Gray........-...--- 474
longifolia, Gray...------------ 474
Aconitum nasutum, Fisch. ..--..-.-.---.---- 12
Actza spicata, L. ...-..----.------ 22+. eee 12
Actinella acaulis, Nutt. .......---.---.------ 174
Janata, Pursh.......-...----------- 175
Richardsonii, Nutt. -....-..-------- 175
Torreyana, Nutt. ....-.---..--.---. 1%
Adiantum Capillus-Veneris, L. .....-----.--- 395
pedatum, L. .....----...-2..------ 395
AXcidium Bahaia, B. & C. .-..---.--..------ 414
crassum, Pers. ..-.-.-----+---+-+-- 414
Agave, L. ..---------- eee eee cee eee eee 497
heteracantha, Zuce. .....----.------. 497
Lecheguilla, Torr. -.-.------+-----+-- 497
Poselgeri, Salm. ....--.-.-.------.--- 497
Utahensis, Eng. ..-----------+0+ +++ 497

 

 

 

Page.

Agaricus Os Saayet ous ale aus ia jae ona tceeeS - 413
Agrostis canina, L. -.......-.200-220-eee eee. 377
ClATA TEM: coacoeeunice taacsceieeosre 378

exarata, Trin. .....-...-..----2---- 377
microphylla, Steud. .....-.---.-----. 377

scabra, Willd. .......---..--------. 377

Aira cespitosa, LL. .....-2--- 022-22 ee eee eee 392
danthonioides, Trin. ......-----. 22-22-2246 392

ALG Ab wr a 8h oidsdss lassie cia sarc eisiaie sisieioane SNAG AN 415
Algarobia, Benth. .....-2..---2-- 22 eee eee eee 420
Alisma Plantago, L. ...--.2..--..---------0 340
ISMACTUAN «no. cc.pe use aie a ais cited arcininiwcusigocuates 340
AMON ay Tei ns ois tie thao tiseciesic cies Reineeees 474
TA CAIN AGO Tis sacjnica scicicSe.sl ee cene ciate 474

AMIN: Vis G5 uso ose euwiaw.d ccsacrcicis encounters 485
acuminatum, Hook. .......-....-. 352, 487
amplectens, Torr. ....-..----.---+-+-- 487

anceps, Kell. ...........---..----.352, 488
angulosum, Nutt. ...-..-.----2.2-60- 486
attenuifolium, Kell. ...-..--....---- 486
atrorubens, S. Watson..........- . .352, 487
Bigelovii, 8. Watson........--..---. 487
bisceptrum, 8. Watson....-....-.. 351, 487
brevistylum, 8. Watson............ 350, 486
campanuleflorum, Gey. ..-...-..--. 488
Canadense, Kalm. -....-..-..2-..--. 487
cernuum, Roth, ..-..----.----.1.-.. 486
croceum), ‘Lorre cscs ccscewescoue sews 488
Douglasii, Hook. .-.--.-..---...---. 488
falcifolium, H. & A. ...--.----...... 488
maritimum, Benth. ...-...---------+- 488
mutabile, Mx. 2.2... -cs2e20. 22s eens 487
Nevadense, 8. Watson. ...-. oresee sur 487
oceidentale, Gray ...--------+- e002 eee 486
ochroleucum, Nutt..... -------+--+--- 488
Palmeri, 8. Watson......--. ‘een 487
reticulatum, Fras. ...--..-...--.-350, 486
Sanbornii, Wood...-...-----..+.---- 486
scaposum, Benth. ..-....----..----- 487
Schenoprasum, L. ......-----.----- 485
serratum, S. Watson....--..--------- 487
stellatum, Fras, ..---..---.--++0--+- 486
 

502 INDEX.

Page. . Page.
Allium, L. ..2.22-.¢e202eecceeeeeeeeeeee sees 485 | Antennaria Carpathica,R. Br. ....------2+--- 185
striatum, Jacq. --..--..------ Beasties! 488 dimorpha, T. & G. -.-.-------+- 186, 422
tribracteatum, Torr. .-....-...--.. 353, 488 dioica, Gartn. ..--.--.-----.---- 185
tricoceum, Ait. ... 2.22.20 0-226 28 485 margaritacea, R. Br. ......--.---- 185
unifolium, Kell. ...-....---.---.---- 486 | Anticlea Fremontii, Torr. ...2..-..-2-0-------- 343
validum, 8. Watson...-...--...---- 350, 486 | Antirrhinum, Tourn. .......-.-...----------- 449
Allosorus achrostichoides, Spreng. .----.-----. 396 Breweri, Gray..-..-----.------- 450
Aloe yuccefolia, Gray.-..--.-.-------- dgiehs beteieie 497 confertiflorum, Benth. ..-...-.. 449
Alnus incana, Willd. ....--....---.----2.---. 322 Cooperi, Gray.--..------------- 451
TWD PA, BOD Gs: re: sevciersereretierercrsipigie sein a erets 324 cornutum, Benth. .....-..-.-.- 450
Serrulatay Dis -coisig veins ieeniocewiceneeeneas 324 Coulterianum, Benth. ..--...- . 450
Alopecurus aristulatus, Mx. .......----.----- 375 cyathiferum, Benth. ....-..---. 449
geniculatus, L. ....-...--.--.---- 375 filipes, Gray ...---.--5--++---+- 451
Alternanthera, Mart. ......----...---..----- 297 glandulosum, Lind]. -.......... 450
lanuginosa, Torr. -....--.---- 297 junceum, Gray...--.-...---.--- 451
AMARAN TAGES oie jecaiee oscieinie vie wieineainisineeeiennicie 296 Kingii, S. Watson......-..... 215, 450
Amarantus albus, L. .........--.------------ 296 leptaleum, Gray...----5.--.---- 450
paniculatus, L. .....--.---.------ 296 maurandioides, Gray..-.---...- “451
retroflexus, L. ...--.-.----.------ 296 Nuttallianum, Benth. -......... 450
Amblystegium compactum, Miill. ...-...----. 410 speciosum, Gray.....-.-...---- 451
noterophilum, Sull. .......... 410 strictum, Gray.----.-..--.----- 451
orthocladon, Sull. -......---. 410 vagans, Gray.-.----.-------- 216, 450
radicale, Beauv. ..-... evenness 410 Virga, Gray.-.--..-- suciepbpcis (octet 450
viparium, L. --....--2.------- 410 | Apbyllon fasciculatum, T. & G. ........-..-. 215
serpens, Dill. .........--.---- 410 uniflorum, T. & G. ....2-2.-2-2---. 215
Ambrosia artemisizfolia,L. ...--.-----.----. TGS: | APOCY NAGI AG a o.oo Gee acts aetdiniernreictensuniatetguaicinn 282
coronopifolia, T. &.G. .--.---2---6-- 165 | Apocynum androsemifolium, L. ............. 282
psilostachya, DC, -...-..---.....-- 165 cannabinum, L. .......--.-... ‘ewes, 282
Amelanchier Canadensis, T. & G. ..-.....---- 92 | Aplopappus, Cass. ...-.....-..-..--22..- ~--- 158
Amianthium Nuttalliit, Gray...--.-----2-+-+--- 343 acaulis, Gray..---. 222. -.22-.055 161
ATIC, NUUUs: nin eicicin ace nein. = tin tininisrtiemave datrevimere 179 apargioides, Gray.....----.-.-.- 161
gracilis, Nutt. ---.-.-.22..0-22-2.-24 179 Bloomeri, Gray...--...------.-- 158
hirsuta, Nutt. ...-. Sd crave vest eaunatetae BSG 179 lanceolatus, T. & G. ........--. 160
Ammannia latifolia, L. ....-.-...--.--..---- 103 Macronema, Gray ......---..--. 159
Amsinckia, Lehm, ...........-...2-22.-.---- 240 nanus, D. C. Eaton ..........-.-. 159
angustifolia, Lehm. .-.--.....-.-- 240 Nuttallii, T.& G. .... 222.22... 163
intermedia, F.& M. ....---....-... 240 paniculatus, Gray............. - 162
lycopsoides, Lehm. .............. 240 Parry, Gray socc-sees seen seoeies 162
Mexicana, Mart. & Gal. ..-...--.. 240 sphzerocephalus, Harv. & Gray-. 163
spectabilis, F. & M. ............. 240 spinulosus, DC. -... 222.222. 22. 422
Anacalypta latifolia, Nees & Hsch. -........ 399 suffruticosus, Gray......... 2... 159
ANAGARD IA CWA reea none ccenin Seu cadeeeos 52 tenuicaulis, D. C. Eaton -... 2... 160
Anantherix speciosa, Nutt. .-.. 2.2. .2-22.-.---- 283 uniflorus, T. & G. ...-2. 022.2... 161
Androsace occidentalis, Pursh.............. - 213 | Aquilegia caerulea, James.......-.... 2222-204 10
septentrionalis, L. ..--..........-. 213 Californicu, Lindl. ...........-...8 10
Androstephium, Torr. -....-.2...222. 0.2.2.2. 489 Canadensis, L. .... 22-22. ..-.20 20. 10
violaceum, Torr. .......-.-. 489 eximia, Van Houtte............... 10
Anemia Californica, Nutt. .... 2.2.0.0. 20-2000. “426 flavescens, S. Watson.............. 10
Anemone Caroliniana, Walt. ................ 5 truncata, F. & M. ...2..222..0202. 10
decapetala, L. .--..........22.202- 5 | Arabis arcuata, Gray.... 2.2.2... 0..002-0 02 ee 18
lanigera, Gay ...---.. eee eee eens 5 canescens, Nutt. ....-....02.02.2.002- 16,17
multifida,DC. ...2..-22222...0002. 5 Drummondii, Gray....... 2.22.22. 0-. 17, 18
Anemopsis, Hook. .... 220.020.0000 e2ccee eens 426 hirsuta, Scop. ..--..2...0 022. cece ceee 16
Californica, Hook. -............. 426 longirostris, S. Watson................ 17
Angelica Breweri, Gray .......-..--- Miva seiascidisas 126 MOLMB wees ca tmcicnsccenae wre 18
pinnata, 8. Watson....2....2.2...-- 126 patula, Torr. See heel acca 18
Anisocoma, ee ssiaiiWny ea heale ohieWiseenae pee perfoliata, Lam. -..... 2.2.2. 0.0022 222. 17

inlis, Gray....-.-----2 222. eee. 97 latysperma, Gray ............-
Antennaria alpina, Gertn. ..........000. 0002 185 pena. aie = o wiaieianiestormreisre pie if
INDEX.

Page.

Arabis retrofracta, Grah. 18

Archangelica Gmelini, DC. ...... 2.2... ..222. 127
officinalis, Hoff. ........2...... 197
Arctostaphylos glauca, Lindl. ............. 210, 425

pungens, HBK. ...........210, 425

tomentosa, Dougl. .......... 210

Uva-ursi, Spreng. .......... 210

Arenaria aculeata, 8. Watson.........-...... 40
arctica, Stev. ..........22 220002024 41

congesta, Nutt. ......-.............39, 40
Fendleri, Gray 40, 417
formosa, Fisch. ............ ae -- 02-239, 40

lateriflora, L, -.....22.22.-2....... 41
nardifolia, Ledeb. ...-.-...-2-0- 222. 39

pungens, Nutt. .......2...222..0... 40

WOM), Lis secu < 232 4.bcoeis sayerevaveciae 41,417
Argemone hispida, Gray........0-0-2-0e.0 2200 13
Mexicana, L. ...--....2--02. 000005 13

munita, Dur. & Hilg. ..-.-...-..-.- 13

Aristida Fendleriana, Steud. ................ 381
longiseta, Steud. ...............22.. 381
purpurea, Nutt. ..-....2.2..2....--- 381

Arnica amplexicaulis, Nutt. ......22222..- eee. (AST

angustifolia, Vabl....-.. ..........-. 186
Chammissonis, Less. .......-..-....-- 187
cordifolia, Hook. .........-.--..----- 187
latifolia, Bong. ....--22...2..22.22---- 187
longifolia, D. C. Eaton. .............. 186
mollis, Hook. .......--.-. 22.2222. 22-5 187
montana, L. -.----.2--. 2. eee eee eee 187
Artemisia arbuscula, Nutt. .-..-.........---- 182
biennis, Willd. ........--........- 183
cana, Pursh...--..---.----..2.2+-- 180
discolor, Dougl. -.....--...--....- 183
Douglasiana, T. & G. ..---..------- 183
dracunculoides, Pursh..........--. 181
filifolia, Torr. .........2.---..----. 181
frigida, Willd. .-.......-2.--..---- 184
Ludoviciana, Nutt. ............---- 183
potentilloides, Gray...-......-.-.- 182
scopulorum, Gray -.....--..------+ 184
spinescens, D. C. Eaton....-...-..- 180
trifida, Nutt. ....2....-2...2--.--- 182
tridentata, Nutt. .......-..-..---. . 181

Arthrocnemum fruticosum, Moq. ..-.-..----. 294

ASCLEPIADACEE, 2.00 200 cece cece ee cee cee nee 282

Asclepias cryptoceras, S. Watson........----. 283

Douglasti, Hook. ..-..--..----.---- 282
fascicularis, Decne. ...-.....-..---- 282

speciosa, Torr. .-..---.---.---.---- 282
verticillata, L. .......--.-.-.--+--- 282
Aspidium Lonchitis, Swartz....--..--------- 396
Asplenium angustum, Willd. ......-.--...---- 396
Filix-foemina, Bernh. .......----- 396

Aster adscendens, Lindl. .........--.-----.-. 139
POSELVUS ATE, stent re erevrcsiciecdenceceiutsiis 141
Andersonii, Gray..-.-.-----------+---- 143
Andinus, Nutt. 2.....-- se eimeisiecibioldarshies 142
angustus, T. & G. ....-e-eeneereeeeene 144

Page.

Aster Bloomeri, Gray .....22......02. 0222004 140
campestris, Nutt. ..2.....2.20 020222 e eee 140
Carnetia;, NOS 2.0 oo cep x see one de 141
Donglasii, Lind]. .............222. 020. 141
Ologanis, Tek Gs yew su scseeceeeuae ass 144
Lngelmanni, Gray .... 222. 022220 eeee eee 144
faleatus, Lindl. ..........2-.-.2--2-- 140, 141
glacialis, Nutt. ..........22.-.-------- 142
glaucus, T. & G. -2.. 20.22 eee ene cence 144
integrifolius, Nutt. .........2....-.-.. 139
Kingii, D. C. Eaton......2.....22.-22- 141
multiflorus, Ait. -.........2.........-. 141
Nuttallii, T. & G. .2.. 22 .22.22..22..... 139
oblongifolius, Nutt. ....-....22.-2.22.-- 140
pulchellus, D. C. Eaton............-.-- 143
ramulosus, Nutt. ........-.2.2222-. 202+ 140
salsuginosus, Rich. --.............-- 142, 143
SIMplex, Wilds waccce ss 2 ve caekrecaw 140

| Astragalus, Tourn. ......2.... 00.2 0e0ee--2e- 435

aboriginum, Rich. ....-....-...70, 438

 

 

 

adsurgens, Pall. ...--.-..------ 68, 439
alpinus, Ly wosesemod: oes eete ees 438
Andersonii, Gray...-.....222--. 67, 437
aridus, Gray. wss.s veses, sheceeee 443
Arizonicus, Gray....-...-..----- 437
arrectus, Gray ..-...-...------- 69, 437
Arthu-Schottii, Gray....-.-.----- 66, 435
atratus, S. Watson......------. 69, 437
Beckwithii, T. & G. ...........71, 440
Bigelovii, Gray.......----.-----. 436
bisulcatus, Gray 442
Bolanderi, Gray 437
Bourgovii, Gray 444
Brazoensis, Buckl, .----......--. 436
Breweri, Gray ..--....2--..----- 439
cespitosus, Gray....-..-...----- 445
calycosus, Torr. ......---.----- 66, 435
campestris, Gray -..--.---.----- 76, 445
Canadensis, L. ..-.-.-.---.- 67, 68, 436
caryocarpus, Ker. .......--..--. 435
cheetodon, Torr. .----..-----.----- 435
Chameeleuce, Gray ..---.-.----- 74, 443
Cobrensis, Gray...-..-.2....---- 436
collinus, Dougl. .......--------- 444
Cooperi, Gray..---....----.-- .. 440
Coulteri, Benth. ....-...--..-.- 66, 435
Crotalaria, Gray ..-.--.-.--.---- 441
curtipes, Gray..--- atietesateues 441
cyrtoides, Gray....-...---..--. 75, 444
decumbens, Gray.-....---.------ 445
diaphanus, Dougl. ...........--- 446
didymocarpus, HI. & A. ...-....-- 436
diphysus, Gray ...--.---------- 65, 435
distortus, T. & G. ..-....----.-- 439
diversifolius, Gray ..-.-..--------- 77
Douglasii, Gray....-..----.----- 441
Drummondii, Dougl. ...-.....-.- 437
eriocarpus, 8S. Watson ...-...... 71, 440
Fendleri, Gray.......----.------ 443
504

INDEX.

Page.

Astragalus, filipes, Torr. -..------------ ~---75, 444
flavus, Nutt. ...--.-------------- 437
flexuosus, Dougl. -.---.---+------ 443
Fremontii, T. & G. ..-------- +--+ 66
frigidus, Gray..----------++----- 442
Geyeri, Gray-----.--------+- 72, 440
Gibbsii, Kell. ....------------+-- 446
glaber, Mx. ..---------------+-- 439
glabriusculus, Gray ------.-----+ 439
glareosus, Dougl. --..----------- 440
gracilentus, Gray .-.--.---++---- 443
gracilis, Nutt..---- +----+------ 438
Hallii, Gray ..-.-----------+---- 443
Hartwegi, Benth. ...----------- 436
Hookerianus, Gray .----.------- 73, 441
Hornii, Gray...------------+--+° 441
humistratus, Gray ..---.-------- 437
hypoglottis, L. ..---..---+---++ 68, 436
ineptus, Gray .----------+ +--+ 222+ 66
inflexus, Dougl. ..---.---------- 440
iodanthus, 8. Watson-..-.---- 70,71, 440
jejunus, S. Watson....-.-.----- 73, 442
junceus, Gray..----------+----- 76, 445
Kentrophyta, Gray .--.--------- 77, 445
lentiginosus, Dougl. ....---- 65, 66, 435
leptaleus, Gray ----.-------+-++- 442
leptocarpus, T. & G. -----.------ 437
leucopsis, T. & G. ---------- +--+ 441
Jeucophyllus, T. & G. -...------- 442
Lindheimeri, Eng. ---..--------- 439
lonchocarpus, T.& G. .--.------- 442
lotiflorus, Hook. ..-----.-------- 439
Lyallii, Gray..---------- +--+ -+-- 435
macrodon, Gray....-.--.----+--- 441
malacus, Gray.----. ----------+ 67, 437
megacarpus, Gray.-------------- 441
Menziesii, Gray...--.-.----.---- 441
Mexicanus, DC. ....-..--------- 435
microcystis, Gray..------------- 442
microlobus, Gray..---...-------- 438
miser, Dougl. .-.---.----.------- 444
Missouriensis, Nutt. -...-...---. 440
mollissimus, Torr. ...-..-.--.---- 436
Mortoni, Nutt. ..........-.------ 68
multiflorus, Gray ....---..----- 75, 444
nothoxys, Gray....-.--.-. ------ 446
nudus, 8. Watson .....-.-...--- 74, 443
Nuttallianus, DC. .............68, 436
obcordatus, Ell. ......--...----- 439
obseurus, 8. Watson--.-.--.---- 69, 437
oocarpus, Gray....----------.--- 440
oophorus, 8. Watson..........-. 73, 441
Oreganus, Nutt. ..-.-.-.--2----- 438
oroboides, Hornem. .-...-.-.---. 488
oxyphysus, Gray.----.....------ 442
Palmeriy Gray: scien sesveeacuceccen 445
PAllisett, (Grays annewernne wea 444
Patityl | GPA cemc pinecone ein 440

pauciflorus, Hook. .............. 444

 

 

Page.

Astragalus, pectinatus, Dougl. .------------- 443
pictus, Gray------.------------- 441
Plattensis, Nutt. ..-------------- 435
platytropis, Gray ...----------- 66, 435
polaris, Benth. ....------------- 446
porrectus, S. Watson...-------- 75, 444
Preussii, Gray ..----------+----- 443
pterocarpus, 8. Watson...---. -- 71, 439
pubentissimus, T. & G. --------- 439
Purshii, Dougl. ..---.---------- 72, 440
pycnostachius, Gray.------------ A443
racemosus, Pursh...--..-------- 437
reflexus, T. & G. ----.---------- 436
Robbinsii, Gray.----------. .--- 70, 438
sclerocarpus, Gray..---.-------- 444
sericoleucus, Gray..---.------+-- 445
serotinus, Gray....------------- 445
Shortianus, Nott. -.....-..-----. 440
simplicifolius, Gray..---.------ 77, 445
Sonore, Gray.-.--.------+ +--+ 443
Spaldingii, Gray.-...----.------ 435
sparsiflorus, Gray..---..-.------ 439
*  gpeirocarpus, Gray...---------- 74, 444
stenophyllus, T. & G. ..-.------- A44
succumbens, Dougl. -..---.----- 437
tegetarius, S. Watson...--.-.--- 76, 444
tener, Gray..---..---.----+---- : 437
tephrodes, Gray .-.--------+----- 443
Thurberi, Gray..-.--.------.---- 442
trichopodus, Gray....----------- 442
tridactylicus, Gray..-.---..----- 445
triflorus, Gray.-..-.-.----+----- 440

triphyllus, Pursh. .....--.---.-- 445
Utahensis, T. & G. ....-.-.-.--72, 440

vaccarum, Gray-.....:-.---.---- 436

vaginatus, Pall. ......-.-...-.-. 446

villosus, Mx. ..-.-..----.-+----- 439

Whitneyi, Gray......-..,------- 441

Wrightii, Gray..-.-.-.-.-.------ 436

Atropis Californica, Munro--...-.--.-----. 387, 388
distans, Griseb. ..--....-------+--+--- 385
Audibertia, Benth. ......-..--.--------++---- 235
incana, Benth. .-......--.-.---- 235
Aulacomnion androgynum, Dill. ........ see 407
palustre, Dill. ..-...--..-..---- 407
Arveniafabuai, Ti. access uisjeaieis si ieltcm seine amisicinnd 392
BOLD Mees satersnviareiarciveicrctexarciwrermeninjereereiasieats 392
Bahia, Dagissccccarcccineniie: ceamiecrraree-sieieiticn 173
rubella, Gray cicccrcw-asemneccinmaverersiwiarstre 174
Woallacel, Gray .cccsicse cee ceeeeee sens 174
Teucophy lla, DG, occ cp ecsvnoneecrearsys 173
Baileya, Harv. & Gray.....-.--...-2-.-.-.-5 425
pleniradiata, Harv. & Gray.......-. 425
Balsamorrhiza, Hook. ........--.------.----+ 167
hirsuta, Nutt. ...........-... 167

Hookeri, Nutt. ..... a seiee sete 167

macrophylla, Nutt. ...-...-.- 168

sagittata, Nutt. ...-........-- 168

Banalia occidentalis, Mog. .......0ecceecuscaee 297
INDEX.

Page.

Barbarea vulgaris, R. Br. ...-.....--.-..20-. 16
Barbula brevipes, Lesqx. ...-......-..- bs cts 400
levipila, Br. & Sch. ..--.....-...2-- 400
Miilleri, Bruch. -...-...222..2... 22. 400

TOTALS; Diy soe coarvrcitereeniae ame tes 400
subulata, Dill. ..-.-.-....0.....2-2. 400
Batrachospermum vagum, Kiitz....-. sewiereey 415
Beckmannia, Host. ...-..-.-.2. 22-20-2000. 393
eruceformis, Host. .......----. 393
BERBERIDEA 2 2ecceccs seems wine cecs secens 13
Berberis Aquifolium, Pursh....-..-..-.-.---. 13
Fremontii, Torr. .......-..-.-.----. 416
pinnata, Lag. ........---..+---.---- 13

repens, Lindl. ...-........---------- 13

BOP ni dis Tap): s.scias cicyesciceeimiaeessiosioemuseiomiencjele 45
Texana, Seub. ...--. 22. ---- eee 2 eee 45
Bessera, Schult. ..---...---..--.-- mnlodiaes eet 489
elegans, Schult. ...........-2.--+--- 489

Betula alba, L. -.--.-...--. 22-2 eee eeee--- 828
glandulosa, Mx. ..........-..-------. 323
occidentalis, Hook. ......-.-.--..-... 323
papyracea, Ait. ....-......2-.-29---- 323

BEL OUA CHAI 2.52. ccc Acioainpeaisinaisieieeeinneeeeaner eo,
Biatora decipiens, Fr. .........----2--008 20-5 » 413
globifera, Fr. ...--.-----.------ «+++ 413
Russellii, Tuck. ....-.-.----.-------- 413
Blepharipappus, Hook, ...-...--....---.---- 176
scaber, Hook. ...--.-------- 176

Blitum capitatum, L. ...-..-.----.---------- 288
Nuttallianum, R. & S. ..-...-.---- oa 1288
polymorphum, C. A. Mey. ...--.------ 288
rubrum, Reich, ....-...--0-----+----. 288
Bloomeria aurea, Kell. ...--..----. ---------- 488
Boerhaavia, L. ...--..----2 2-2-0 eee e nee eee 475
BORRAGINACEH ..- 2-2 eee eee eee eee nee eee 238
Brachythecium albicans, Neck. ---.----.----- 409
asperrimum, Mitt. ..-....---. 409

collinum, Schl. ..---..------- 409

letum, Br. & Sch. ..---------- 409

rivulare, Br. & Sch. ..---.---- 409

rutabulum, L. ...------------ 408

salebrosum, Hoffm. .....----- 409

Utahense, James --...-----.- 409

Brassica campestris, L. ..-.------------+----- 28
nigra, Benth. & Hook. ...--.------- 28

Brevoortia, Wood. ....----+--++ +--+ ++ +--+ -- 853, 490

Ida-Maia, Wood ...-.------------- 490
Brizopyrum spicatum, Hook. ....-.---------- 385
Brickellia, Ell. ...--. .----- --+--- e222 e eee 137

atractyloides, Gray..------------- 138
Californica, Gray -----.---------- 138
grandiflora, Nutt. .----.---------- 138
linifolia, D. C. Eaton....---.----- 137
microphylla, Gray.----.---------- 138
oblongifolia, Nutt. ...--.--------- 187
spinulosa, Gray .----------------- 139
tenera, Gray .-.-.----220 -20- 222+ 138
Brodigwa, Smith.....--.-.---- -----+ s----+- 353, 489
capitata, Benth. ...------.--------- 490
coccinea, Gray..---------+----+--- 490

64

 

505

Page.
Brodiwa congesta, Sm. ..--....-022-22 eee e ee 489

grandiflora, Sm. ......----...----353, 489

multiflora, Benth. -.....-.---.---- 353, 489
parviflora, Torr, ..---.------2- enone 353
-volubilis, Baker...--.--...-...----- 489

Bromus breviaristatus, Thurb. ......-...-... 389
Cilia Guisy Wir eS atic winetcese Shopteeitie 390
strigosus, Bieb. ...-....---. ---+---- 390
Brunella vulgaris, L. ...-....---.-+-2-200 eee 236
Bryum argenteum, L. ...-.. GeseavgseeRese cs 406
atropurpureum, Web. & Mohr ....-.... 406
bimum, Schreb. ....-..----.----.---- 405
CHSEPUACIOM, Le on cco c-sisc cniencisicmesees 6 406
capillare, Hedw. ...-...----.--.---+-- 406
Duvall; Volt, <i: oie iecseicscmecedie 406
inclinatum, Swtz. ..-.--2..----.--.--- 405
intermedium, Web. & Mohr......--... 405
torquescens, Br. & Sch. ..---.---.---- 406
pallescens, Schwg. ...-.-------------- 406
pendulum, Hsch. ........--..--..---- 405
turbinatum, Hedw. ....-....----- --406, 407
Buellia geographica, Tuck. ........-.-------- 413
Montagnei, Tuck. ....-....---.----- 413
Barrielia, DC. sxctcsucowespsoses see ete eases 174
lanosa, Gray -----.-----.----6- eee 174

nivea, D. C. Haton...-.....--...-- 174
CACTACE Mins ser saa yc eesae aise sues Seen 115
Calais; DCs sosen sccscescuscnan cee eses aeetee 196
linearifolia, DC. ....--..--.-.---+----- 196
macrocheta, Gray .....---.---.------ 196

Major; Gray <cnecececencrgcewesew cece 197
NUGANS,. QUAY ais sweisivnie cincine cee sewie 196
Calamagrostis Lapponica, Trin. ..---.-.----- 379
stricta, Trin. ....-.-.----..--- 379

sylvatica, DC. ....-----..----- 379

Calliprora, Lindl. ....-.-..---.---------+---- 490
Callitriche autumnalis, L. -....--...-..----- 102
Vora; Diese ccccescceceeeceesess 102
Calochortus, Pursh ......-.--.------ ------ 347
eurycarpus, 8. Watson ..--..-.-- 348

Gunnisoni, 8. Watson ....-..--. 348

Nuttallii, T. & G. ..-.-.---.---- 347
venustus, Benth. ....-.-----.--. 348

Caltha leptosepala, DC. ...-....-- sieteeo Sissi 10
Calyptridium, Nutt. ...-..-----.------+----- 44
roseum, 8. Watson...--..----. 44

Calystegia sepium, L. ----- dee Nee cirecerareiew esate 273
Camassia, Lindl. .-.....--------------0-+ 5-5. 349
esculenta, Lindl. -....-..-.-.----- 349
Campanula Langsdorffiana, Fisch. .....-.---. 208
linifolia, Lam. ....-.-.----.----- 208
rotundifolia, L. .----.-.--------- 208

uniflora, L. .----.-----+------+--- 208
CAMPANULACER -..------- eee eee eee e ee eee ee 208
Camptothecium Nevadense, Lesqx. .--.-.---- 410
Cantharellus aurantiacus, Fr. ....-----.----. 413
CAPPARIDED ..-------- 225 seen ee cence e eee eee 32
CAPRIFOLIACEER .-...----- 2-25 see ete eee cree 132
Capsella Bursa-pastoris, Moench. ....-------- 28
divaricata, Walp. ..---.------------ 28
506 INDEX.
Page. Page.
Cardamine cordifolia, Gray ..------..-------- 19 | Carex Rossii, Boott ........----------------- 373
hirsuta, L. ..----------..---+---- 20 rupestris, Dew. .----- -----+- 2-00 0020+ 361
Carex emathorhynchus, Desv. -.-----.------ 373 BaAxXAtilis; Good 2222 osece eae sees eweinee 370
affinis, R. Br. .. cecccececeneeecs ese sce 362 Schottil, Dews. scsevet cwseweewcneeae 370
ampullacea, Good ....-.-----.--------- 374 scirpoidea, Mx. ....------ ------+--<--- 362
angustifolia, Sm. ...--.-----.----.+--- 368 Si00Gtd; DOW. secs = exeeerseeeed coeeeens 363
aquatilis, Wahl. .........-.---2+-----+ 368 Sitchensis, Dew. ..-.---2--+ enecne enw 369
Mristatas, Re Bre cscs camiseinaciot aan’ 374 stipata;, Muh); 2e2cceweces, eoreeeiese 362
athrostachya, Olney ..-.---.-.--..---- 366 straminea, Schk. ...-..-.-.----------- 367
Btrala Waa ccceetecccetanameeseeveces OAL tenella, Schk. ...-....---.------------ 364
Qua, Nutter ure scseeserenmncsess o7L er et tidy BOO) concccs wees ceceseoueu 374
Backana, Dew. ...-------+0---+ +----+ 361 Vesicaria, Tuy. vovsice concen creowes cman 374
Bonplandii, Kth. ....-.... -----+---++- 365 Vitilis, Fries isco come tecce ween weer 364
Brogniartii, Kth. ....--.-----+++2+--- 364 vulgare, Friese ee needa wee csinienne 368
Buxbaumii, Wahl. ......... -.-.------ 371 Watsoni, Olnmey.---..----------------- 370
Canescens;, Lays -wie.nesecseeeees ves ececd 364 Wilkesii, Torr. ...--. ------------- ---- 369
Capillaris; Diy scerisscceeececececceces (378 P seretceaateicnareicjsia: mesilate recta rare atti 369-
compacta, R. Br. .----.,---.-----.---- 370 | Carum, L. ...--------- --- +--+ eo - 2 eee eee eee 121
coucinna, R. Br. ...2.2.2-2eeeeeeseeeee 372 ' Gairdneri, Benth. & Hook. ....-....-. 121
disticha, Huds. .... .----.--.---+.++-- 362 | CARYOPHYLLACEE .... .----. ------- +22 eee 36
Douglasii, Boott.......----..------ .-- 363] Castanea chrysophylla, Hook. ..-.-.-----...--- 322
elongata, L. -----. -------+------5 e+e 365 | Castanopsis, Spach. ..-.-..-------------+-++-- 322
POS LIV iy dD OW. torneo arose noe oecoaneccrmbien aor 366 ehrysophylla, DC. ..---.-..--...- 322
filifolia, Nutt. -....2.--2-2--2. e222 eee 362 | Castilleia, Mutis. ...-...----. laa teascibentinatiasc 456
PLLOLMIS, Moc, So55.2 sue geaciddeersceyeneceee 374 affinis, H. & A. -.---. ---.-.---- 228, 456
PIG das AMS oe cent cases oitisinte see leet 371 breviflora, Gray ..---..--......--- 457
Goyer, Boot asco 2.92.00 2.0cet neces 372 coccinea, Spreng. ....-.-.-.-.---- 456
Grahamii, Boott ...-....-2...2-22.---- 371 flava, 8. Watson......-.---..--. 230, 456
Haydeniana, Olmey.-.--...---.-..----- 366 foliolosa, H. & A. ...--..----.--.. 456
Hoodii, Boott :< vccescscuwssccisse vances 364 INGLIS, ONG... 2-2. yticee alec 456
Hookeriana, Dew. ..---..-.--.---.---- 362 integra, Gray .....-..-.----.-2---- 456
WIGUA ST. oo oeodeemiie wane wens pesmi 371 lanata, Gray...-.----. 222-2. ------ 456
VAMOSI1, LOE, -ncccceocauiccmue Gasca 368 latifolia, H. & A. 2... -.-22----2 222. 456
laciniata, Boott....-. .-.22. 22-222 22.- 369 TASS GRAY c.c-mieken tees naeaiumene 456
Jagopina, Wahl. ..-....---22 222222222. 365 linariefolia, Benth. .--..... -...228, 456
lanuginosa, Mx. ....-...---..22-2....- 373 pallida, Kthe. .. 0.2 sac sence 229, 456
Jeporina Ai. sean sesieesscceecicieeasccne 365 parviflora, Bong. ...............229, 456
Liddoni, Boott ....----.. 2222-2222 222. 367 purpurea, Don...-.. 2.222222. -22- 456
limula, Fries ene casssesscidcceneccanes 367 sessiliflora, Pursh...........2..2.- 457
fyallii, Boott ..-.-.--222. 2.222222. 372 | Catabrosa, Beauv. .........02. 022202 eee eee 385
Lyoni, Boott ......--..-.--.2-2225 202. 362 aquatica, Beauv. -.-... 2.222.222. 385
Magellanica, Lam. .---......-........ 371 | Caulanthus, S. Watson.............-....---- Q7
marcida, Boott .....-.---.+--.2...2--. 363 Coulteri, 8S. Watson............. 27
Mechii, Dew. ..----+-+-2+--2ee2e see ee 363 crassicaulis, 8. Watson........-. 27
microglochin, Wahl. -...... ...-2.2-.. 362 hastatus, §. Watson ........--.- 28
muricata, L. ..--.. 2222-2 - 22.2 eee eee 362 pilosus, 8S. Watson...........2-. Q7
Ne ebraskensis, Dew. .......---. .-2-2--- 368 procerus, S. Watson ......-..... Q7
nigricans, C. A. Meyer ...... 2.2.2.2... 361 | Ceanothus cordulatus, Kell. ........2..22. 0005 51
nigricans, Torr. ....--2+-2. 0-222 eee 361 cuneatus, Nutt. ........2.0..000-. 419
Nuttallii, Dew. sabia adpasaicle eae aaee 363 divaricatus, Nutt. -..2.. 222... 222. 51
obmsat, TAN oe vets oktiou ve tig aie 362 Greggii, Gray .-..-... 2... eee lee 418
Pardiei, Boott .---.. 2222202... eee eee 365 prostratus, Benth. ...... 2.2.2.2... 51
petasata, Dew. ...--. 22222 222. cece eee 363 sorediatus, H. & A. 2... 2.2... l eee 51
phyllostachya, Dew. ....-..--2.22220--. 372 velutinus, Dougl. ...... 2.222.222. 51
Prescottiana, Boott ...-........2.222.. 369 | CELASTRINEA .--. 2222. eee ee eee cee 50
pulla, Good... 2... ec ene ce eee eee eee 370 | Celtis occidentalis, L. ............0-222e00-e 321
Pyrenaica, Wahl. ...... 2.222.228. 361 pallida, Torr. .... 2.22... 0.0.0 cee ease 321
Pyrenaica, Torr. subiGseangaicieiasel nisreroiagereenS 361 | Cenchrus tribuloides, L. ...... 022-22 -.20 eee. 394
Raynoldsii, DOWe: cecisienuis anieracenuiane 372 | Centrostegia, Gray ...... 22222. 2.ececee eee ee 476
Tigida, Good... 2... 2.02.22. ceeeee ance 370 Thurberi, Gray............0--. 476

 

 

 
INDEX.

Centrostegia leptoceras, Gray..--............ 476
Cerastium arvense, L. ....-.. ..--...-......38, 417
nutans, Raf. ....-....... 022.2222. 38
vulgatum, L. ..---. 0-22. ee ee eee 38

Cerasus demissus, Nutt. ...-.....-.. 00002-0225 80
emarginatus, Dougl. ..--- Pisce cdi woes 79

mollis, Dougl. ..---....---- 0202-20206 79
Ceratochloa breviaristata, Hook. ...........-.-. 389
Ceratodon purpureus, Dill. .................. 400
CERATOPHYLLACE .-.-.. 2222. d spiienoknaig sat 319
Ceratophyllum demersum, L. .......2....2-.. 319
Cercocarpus, HBK. .......2....2222. 22220205 82
breviflorus, Gray...-.......2... 83

ledifolius, Nutt. .-..-. ........88, 420

parvifolius, Nutt. ..-....2...2.. 82

Cereus: EDS). cicewcmocidcinge a cee ea aaa 117
Engelmanni, Parry .-........2...2--. 117
viridiflorus, Eng. -...-.........222.. 118
Chenactis, DC. ...--. 22-2. eee eee eee eee 171
achilleefolia, H. & A. -........-.. 172
carphoclinia, Gray -.......-...-.. 172
Douglasii, H. & A. ............... 172
macrantha, D. C. Eaton .......... 171

stevioides, H. & A. .--....-.-.. 172, 424

Xantiana, Gray .....-...... saibine 171

Chara, Ag. s.<2 voes cane ace ce ssimenesencenes B98
foetida; Av BY: cose cena sees ceecieenceee 998
fragilis, Desv. -...-........-...-.---. 398
vulgaris, Auct. .... 2.22.02 .002 eee ene 398
CHARAGCH Mts siet spo cies coi Gpziecjancieueess e-eareieinle 398
‘ Cheilanthes lanuginosa, Nutt. .......--....-. 395
Cheiranthus;. Ly sesccosneuses occeesatee vc cca. 14

Menziesii, Benth. & Hook. ...-.. 14

CHENOPODIACEE ..-...-----4-222-02 0222 ee 287
Chenopodina depressa, Moq. -..--.------------- 294
linearis, Mog. .-.-.----. -.------- 295
Chenopodium album, L. .....- -.---. 22-2 +--+ 287
Botrys; Diy-sors seastes see eects 288

Frémonti, 8. Watson ...-...--- 287

humile, Hook. ...--.-.----.---- 288

hybridam, Ty 222202 ssnec seeens 287

Chimaphila umbellata, Nutt. .........-...-.- 212
Chorizanthe, R. Br. ..-.-..---..------- 312, 476, 484
brevicornu, Torr. ...-.. ------ 312, 484

Californica, Gray..---.--.------ 485

corrugata, T. & G. -...--.-.---- 485

diffusa, Benth. ...-..----------+ 484

Douglasii, Benth. ..-.-..-....-- 484

fimbriata, Nutt. ..-....----.---- 484

laciniata, Torr. ...... .--------- 484
membranacea, Benth. ...-...--- 484

perfoliata, Gray..---- -------- 312, 485
polygonoides, T. & G. ..-.-. ---- 485

procumbens, Nutt. ......------- 484

pungens, Benth. .... .--.-.----- 484

rigida, Torr. -.-..----.------ 312, 485

staticoides, Benth. ..........--. 484

stellulata, Benth. ..--..--.----- 484.

uniaristata, T. & G..----------- 484

Watsoni, T. & G. ....---.-.-- 313, 485

 

Page.
Chrysopsis canescens, T. & G. ....2-.--.-00-.. 164
echioides, Benth. ...........222--- 164

 

 

foliosa, Nutt. 164

hispida, DC. 164

villosa, Nutt. .... 22.2.2... ......164, 422

Cicuta maculata, L....... 22.22.2222 2222... 121
Circwa alpina, L. ...... 2.02202 22 cee eee 113
Cirsium acaule, Gray .... 2.22.22. cece ee eee 195
Coulteri, Harv. & Gray..... 2.2.22. 195
Drummondii, T. & G: -.-....22.. 2... 195

CMG ANG Ss aies mateaier vepenaeieee fect 194
eriocephalum, Gray ..-.........:.--. 196
foliosum, DC. ..---.--2. 2.22222. 020. 194
undulatum, Spreng. -.........-... 14,422
Cladonia fimbriata, Fr. ........2.. 02222. 22-- 413
Py data, Wr. vasneet ime wes swe eens 41e

Clarkia, Pure licews vesereccensend cee ae ad sau 104
rhomboidea, Doug]. ..--...--.....-- 104
Clavaria aurea, Scheff. .-.... -2.2..-..22220. 414
formosa; Peres cosh s20emerevedeenc an 414

PUM ORAS POLS: wAseeeee cone oe ernie 414
Claytonia aquatica, Nutt. --...---....2.-2---+ 43
arctica, Adams........---.-....--- 43
Caroliniana, Mx. ...-..- ..-..---.- 42
Chamissonis, Esch. & Ledeb. ....-. 43
lanceolata, Pursh .......-.----..--- 42
perfoliata, Don .... --.. ....-.--.. 43
umbellata, 8. Watson...--.......-. 43

CTC OTE, Lot he sisted sferace Safa oer amie rapaeee etches terres 32
RUPE, NUCG: saiieinie ve ncnigeesecevescicis 32
integrifolia, T. & G. ..---.--2-2...-- 32

luted, HOOK. 22. soceocecawessee sees 32
sparsifolia, S. Watson....-.----..... 32

HL tiainlacid saleidietnraxyevnier naive sicinaraeiie 32

GCleomells, DC 5:5 25 ac ceeetdeicien s tececie8 ale 33
angustifolia, Torr. ...........--.. 33

longipes, Torr. ...--. ..---..----- 33

Mexicana, DC. ........ ---..---.- 33

parviflora, Gray ..-..-..---.--2-.. 33
plocasperma, 8S. Watson .....---.. 33

LONUOUG woos ween 2 scip ceieeicceeicee. 33

Clematis alpina, Mill. -...-...---------..---. 3
Columbiana, T. & G. ..-.--2.-+------ 4
Douglasii, Hook. ..-.-- ..--...----- 3
ligusticifolia, Nutt. ......---....-.. 3
Ochotensis, Poir. ..-.-.-------------- 4

Sibiniea, Milly see is awe vaisiecerseees 4
verticillaris, DC. ...... ---.---.---6 4

Wyethii, Nutt. .....- Sinica 3

Clintonia, Lindl. .......-- read shddeeedes wae 208
Coldenia; li: sues sescee ssexecescqeseees seces 247
canescens, DCs sc---c2ceceeemes oe oe 247
hispidissima, Gray..-.------..----- 247
Nuttallii, Hook. ...... -..--.....-247, 248

Palmeri, Gray-..-.----------------- 248
procumbens, L, ..... ..-----.-.---. 247

Collinsia parviflora, Dougl. ......---..-----.- 216
Collomia, Nutt. .-..-.-.-.----.--------261, 462, 464
Cavanillesiana, Don ...--.-..-.---- 465

gilioides, Benth. ...... .--...------ 464
508

 

Page.

Collomia gracilis, Dougl. ..-.-.-------+---- 262, 464
grandiflora, Doug]. ..--.--------- 261, 464
heterophylla, Hook. ...--.--------- 465

leptalea, Gray .-..----------+---- 262, 465

linearis, Nutt. ....-...--.---- ----261, 464
longiflora, Gray.----.---+---+++--+--- 465

tenella, Gray....-----------+ +--+ 262, 464
Thurberi, Gray .--.------------+---- 465
Comandra pallida, DC. ...------. +--+ ---++--- 319
umbellata, Nutt. ...--.------+---- 319
COMMELYNACED...--. .----- 22202 cere ee eee 359
COMPOSITM..-- +. 2222-2 ee eee eee ee eee 136
Conanthus, 8. Watson...---.---------+-+---> 256
aretioides, 8. Watson ..---.------ 256

CONIFER EE... 2-2 o 2s ween eee cece teen enee 330
CONVOLVULACE -... ---. -2--22 ee eee eee eee 273
Corallorhiza multiflora, Nutt. ..----..-------- 342
Cordylanthus, Nutt. ....-- :----------+-++- 231, 459
canescbns, Gray..-----+----- 233, 460

capitatus, Nutt. .-.--------- 231, 459

filifolius, Nutt. .-..-..-------- 459

Kingii, 8. Watson. .....----- 233, 460

laxiflorus, Gray... .--------- 232, 460

maritimus, Nutt. ...-..------. 460

mollis, Gray ...--.-----.------ 460

pilosus, Gray ....-.----------- 459

ramosus, Nutt. ....-.-----.- 232, 459

tenuis, Gray..--..----.----- 232, 460

Wrightii, Gray -...--.---.---- 459

Coriandraan Salim, Dae scuniwis cemutnracemaonm 131
Corispermum hyssopifolium, L. ....-. ..----- 293
CORNACEAR 2. 1.0 eons cee eee eee ee wees 131
Cornus pubescens, Nutt. .....----.---------- 131
Sericeas. Lie. veevse-ces cece teeter ene. 182
Corydalis aurea, Willd. ....-..-..-.---- 14
Cowania, Don, x2 ccc. sccee cosas cake wenzces 83
Mexicana, Dott << <5 <0 aviesee sojncen 83
Stansburiana, Tory. ....-.+---.---+- 83
CRASSULACE.LE os0eesieninininin win einai vin cannons 101
Crategus Douglasii, Lehm, ....-...-.-.------ 92
rivularis, Nutt. -...-....-.---.---. 92
sanguinea, Pall. ........-.---..--- 92

CTE PIS iy cL tis zicrentjays saya cra. cratsteie einti dasaidhevenaeibiuiaraterororaia 202

acuminata, Nutt. ...--...----.+... -203, 204

Andersonii, Gray ..---..----- 020-25. 203
PlAUCAs Da BGs ndcacescaecasencn aes 203
occidentalis, Nutt. .....-.--. --.--- 203, 422
runcinata, T. & G. ..---...---.----.. 202
Cressay Ths eeccauccee teeeninsegineccicee ncaeicnac 273
Creticas Tis postu Ses wewisciceecjesiaicean 273
Croton procumbens, Esch. ..-.-...--2.-...-. 320
CRUCIUER AR 4 oa% 20 aes-died eee ree Nes ces 14
Cryptogramme achrostichoides, R. Br. ....... 396
CUPULIFER A. « sc:cneicemy seme cebeeeteaindinn eae 321
COs Cita, “LOUrns asa seese welt seeayedwewccieine 471
applanata, Eng. ...--...........--- 471
arvensis, Beyr. ..-.-. --- 22.2.0 eee 471

Californica, Chois. ...-..-........273, 471
chlorocarpa, Eng: 471
compacta, Juss.

INDEX.

 

 

Page.
Cuscuta cuspidata, Eng. ---.-.-------------- A72
decora, Chois. & Eng. ..--.--.----- 472
exaltata, Eng. ...--- ---------- +--+ 472
glomerata, Chois. ...--------------- 472
Gronovii, Willd. .....------+------- 472
inflexa, Eng. ....------------++---- 472
leptantha, Eng. ..-. ..------------- 471
obtusiflora, HBK. ...-...-----+-+--+ 471
odontolepis, Eng. .-...----.-----+--- 471
rostrata, Shutt]. ....-.----.---.---. 472
squamata, Eng. -.----.------------- 472
subinclusa, Dur. & Hilg. -----.--- 274, 472
tenuiflora, Eng. ......-.---------273, 471
umbellata, Kth. .....-------------. 471
Cyclobothra, Sweet ..--- ------------ +--+ +--+ 347
Cymopterus, Raf. ---.-------.---+----+------ 123
anisatus, Gray..---.-----------+ 125
foeniculaceus, Nutt. .......----- 124
glaucus, Nutt. ...-.-.---------. 124
longipes, 8. Watson. ...--..----- 124
montanus, Nutt. -..-.--.. .---123, 124
nivalis, 8. Watson...------.---- 123
terebinthinus, T. & G. ......--. 125
Cynapium apiifolium, Nutt. ....-..-------+---- 125
CYPERACES 222-02 02-222 cece ee cece ee ee teens 360
Cyperus aristatus, Rottb. ...--..--.---.----- 360
inflexus, Muhl. -......-..----.------ 359
phymatodes, Muhl. ....-...---..---+ 360
Cystopteris fragilis, Bernh. .---..------------ 396
Deedalea —-——? ..---...----- --2eee eee eee Al4
Dalea Frémontii, Torr. ..---.-------.-----+-- 65
Kingii, 8. Watson......-..--..-------- 64
Johnsoni, 8. Watson.......---.-------- 64
Janata, Spreng. ......-----------+----- 419
lanuginosa, Nutt. .....----+ 222-22 eee eee 419
polydenia, Torr. .-......--...--------- 64
Danthonia Californica, Bol. ....-...----.---- 392
Datura meteloides, DC. ......--...------.--- 425
Stramonium, L. --.......--..-.-.---- 276
Delphinium depauperatum, Nutt. --...... 2... 12
Olatum, Lis c<ncus asguaseceees seed 11
Menziesii, DC. ..........2-2..... 11, 12
scopulorum, Gray ..-.....--. 266 11
Desmatodon cernuus, Wahl. ..-...-..--.. 0... 399
flavicans, Br. & Sch. ........... 399
latifolius, Br. & Sch. ........2-. 399
Dichata, Nutt. ...... 0.0020 cece ee cece eee eee 174
Dichelostemma, Kth. ...-..- 2-20-0222 ene eee 353
Didymodon cylindricus, Nees & Hsch. ....... 399
rubellus, Roth. .........--- Shae 399
Dieteria incana, T. & G. .... 22. eee eee eee.) 147
viscosa, Nutt. -..... .----. ecee. eee 147
Diplopappus alpinus, Nutt. .....2 2.2... 0.002. 147
ericoides, T. & G. .......2.. 202. 147
Distichium capillaceum, Hedw. .........---. 400
inclinatum, Swartz.............. 400
Dodecatheon frigidum, Ch. & Sch. ......2...-- Q14
Meadia, L. 2... 22222. eee cee 214
Donia wniflora, Hook, 2.2... 0.02. cece ee eee 161
Downingia, Torr.
INDEX.

Page.

Downingia pulchella, Torr. ......-..-2..-.-.- ‘208
Draba algida, Adams ...-........--.200 000005 21
alpine, Vic sccaceseaeurwscewewss 20, 21

aurea, Vahl ....-....-2-. 0-26 22

Caroliniana, Walt. ...-.. ...... 23

Douglasii, Gray...-..--2-....... 22

glacialis, Adams...........--... 21

muricella, Wahl. .............. 21

nemorosa, L. ...--.-- 2... 0-2. 22

nivalis, Lilj. ...-...------ 2220-5 22

stellata, Jacq. ..-....-...-----. 21
Dracocephalum parviflorum, Nutt. -......... 236
Dryas Drummondii, Rich. ...-.....222....... 84
octopetala, L. ....-.---...-.. STE a eaie 84
Eatonia obtusata, Gray.-..-. 2.222... 2 eee eee 383
Echinocactus, Link & Otto.........2..0.2-.. 116
Johnsoni, Parry..---.-........ 117
polyancistrus, Eng. & Big. .... 116

polycephalus, Eng. & Big. ..117, 421

pubispinus, Eng. ...--.-.....- 117

Simpsoni, Eng. ....-.......... 116

Whipplei, Eng. & Big. ........ 116
Echinospermum deflexum, Lehm. ..........- 245
floribundum, Lehm, ......... 246

patulum, Lehm. ............ 246

Redowskii, Lehm. -......-.. 246

strictum, Nees..-....-.-.---. 247

Eddya hispidissima, Torr. .......-.----.------ 247
Edosmia Gairdneri, T. & G. ..--2- --2 2 eee eee 121
Elatine Americana, Arn. ......--..---..----- 45

45

PeLand, Vs CEG vewese cece oes eee

 

 

BLEAGNACE Bissceeccccecesessecsceyseseeces

Hleagnus; lis oscseccces costes cesesee eaacee ce
argentea, Pursh

Eleocharis acicularis, R. Br. ..---.--.----.--- 360

palustris, R. Br. ........---.------ 360

Elymus condensatus, Presl......---.-.------ 391

Sitanion, Schult. -.......--.---.---- 391

Emmenanthe, Benth. .-.--.----..-..-------- 256

glaberrima, Torr. .... .-...---. 257

glandulifera, Torr. ........--.. 257

parviflora, Gray.--.-.----.---- 257

penduliflora, Benth. ........-.. 256

Encalypta rhabdocarpa, Schwag. ..--------- 401

. vulgaris, L. ..---.- pte cee eee e ee ee 400

Encelia ? oases gaeeansewackeesesGeer 423

Endocarpon miniatum, Scher. .-.--. ..------ 413

Ephedra, L. ..-------022 000+ ee eeee cere eee eee 328

antisyphilitica, C. A. Mey. ..-...--- 328

pedunculata, Eng. ..----------+--+-- 330

trifurca, Torr. ....--.-------------- 329

Epilobium alpinum, L. .-.--.------------- 103, 421

angustifolium, L. ..--.----------- 104

coloratum, Muhl. .....--..------- 103

obcordatum, Gray.-..------------ 104

paniculatum, Nutt. .-.--.--.----- 103

tetragonum, L. ...--------------- 103

Epipactis, Hall .......------------+----+--++ 341

341

gigantea, Dougl.

 

Page.

EQUISETACER ...2 22... 20002 cee cece eee e coe 394
Equisetum arvense, L, ..........2. 22.02. ---- 394
hiemale, L. ....-..... ..22222.22. 394

. levigatum, A. Br. --....... 22... 394
robustum, A. Br. ...... 2.222.222. 394

Eragrostis powoides, Beauy. ........---...-.. 388
Purshii, Bernh. ........22.....2-- 388
Eremochloe, 8. Watson...-.....22..22022 00+ 382
Bigelovii, S. Watson..........-. 382

Kingii, 8. Watson............... 382
ERICACEM...--..----.-- oecmneoeys! ematesexseen 209
Ericameria, Nutt. ..22.. 002222200 cee eee eee 158
NONE, Nt. connise = naccceeere enn .- 159

Erigeron acre, L. 22.22. 12-2222 .eeeee nee coos 149
Bellidiastrum, Nutt. ..--......... 150, 422
bellidifolium, Muhl. ............... 151
Bloomeri, Gray ..-...--...22--..24- 148

Breweri, Gray ...-....---0-...-.-2. 151
cespitosum, Nutt. ......----....-.. 153

Cama CN) Es soe ciasiceemrrccnrnerecapsraee 147
compositum, Pursh .-.-..-......- 147, 148.
concinnum, T. & G. ......-.-....151, 422
glabellum, Nutt. ..... ...-.....-.. 150
grandiflorum, Hook. ...........-.... 148
lonchophyllum, Hook. ..........-.. 149
macranthum, Nutt. .........--.---- 150

nanum, Nutt. ....-...-.02- ---..--- 153
ochroleucum, Nutt. ..---.......---- 152
pumilum, Nutt. ......-2..---..... 151, 422
racemosum, Nutt. ...-.. ----2--2---- 149
stenophyllum, D. C. Eaton .-.--...- 152

MIM OPO; Tue v2.2 =. cs ccna cect isaenins 149
ursinum, D. C. Eaton ..---.-....... 148
Eriocoma, Nutt. ..-..------- 2-2-2. ee nene eoee 379
cuspidata, Nutt. ..........--..---- 379
ERIOGONE A) iccxcs comers ees cct eeewseseeeees 476
Eriogonum, Mx. ...-.....---..---.---- 298, 476, 477
Abertianum, Torr. ...-.....----. 483

acaule, Nutt, occas sveccce ance 300, 479

alatum, Torre .cses.0cseenecmcees A477

Andinum, Nutt. ...... seeming estes 299

angulosum, Benth. .........-.. 309, 483
androsaceum, Benth. ........--.- 478

annuum, Nutt. ....----.--.----- 480

atrorubens, Eng. ......-.. .----- A477
brachypodum, T. & G. ..---....- 482

brevicaule, Nutt. .........-.-.304, 480

cespitosum, Nutt. ......-.-... 298, 478

cernuum, Nutt. ......-....----308, 482

ciliatum, Torr. ...--...---------- 483

cinereum, Benth. ..........-..-- 480
compositum, Dougl. ...-.. ..-.-- 478
corymbosum, Benth. ......---. 303, 480
dasyanthum, T. & G. ....-.-..-. 481

deflexum, Torr. ...........-....306, 482
dichotomum, Dougl. .-...-...--. 481
divaricatum, Hook. ........... 310, 483

Douglasii, Benth. ...-.......---. 478

elatum, Dougl. ..-.-....---.-- 302, 479

elongatum, Benth. ...........-.- 481
510

Page.

Eriogonum ericefolium, T. & G. ...--.------ 480
fasciculatum, Benth. .-.. -----302, 480
flavum, Nutt. ...--.------ ------ 477
glandulosum, Benth. -.---- -- w+ 482
Gordoni, Benth. ..-.-..----.---« 483
gracile, Benth. ......-..---. --305, 481
Greggii, T. & G. ..---..--------- 483
Heermanni, Dur. & Hilg. ..---- 306, 481
heracleoides, Nutt. ....--.----- 299, 478
hieracifolium, Benth. ...--.-.--- 477
incanum, T. & G. ...--.--------- 478
inflatum, Torr. .........------309, 482
intricatum, Benth. ..--.. -.----- 481
Jamesii, Benth. ..-... ....------ 477
Kellogii, Gray ......----.------- 478

Kingii, T. & G. .-...-.--.-.---301, 479
lachnogynum, Torr. .......-.-.-. 479
latifolium, Sm. -.-..--..-...---. 479

Lobbii, T. & G..-.--- 22... .-.-300, 479
lonchophyllum, T. & G. ......... 480
longifolium, Nutt. ...-.......--- 477
marifolium, T. & G. ........---- 478
microthecum, Nutt. ............- 480
multiflorum, Benth. .......-.--- 480
multiceps, Nees...._..-.-..----- 479
niveum, Dougl. ......-.-...----- 481
nudum, Dougl. ...-......-.----- 479
nutans), 1. & Gs, cess mae ened 307, 482
oblongifolium, Benth. ........... 479
ovalifolium, Nutt. .....-..-.-. 301, 479
parvifolium, Sm. .-......-...... 480
pauciflorum, Pursh...-.........- 479
pharnaceoides, Torr. ..-..... maces: | ABS
Plumatella, Dur. & Hilg. ......306, 481
polyanthum, Benth. .-.......... 478
polycladon, Benth. ..-... -...... 481
proliferum, T. & G. ...-.. 2.2... 479
pusillum, T. & G. .---2.-2222.. 308, 482
pyrolefolium, Hook. ..........-. 478
racemosum, Nutt. -.-.-.... 2... 304, 481
reniforme, Torr. ..--.....-..-. 308, 482
rotundifolium, Benth. ..-........ 482
salsuginosum, Hook. .........- 310, 483
spergulinum, Gray...-........ 310, 483
spherocephalum, Dougl. ..-... 299, 478
strictum, Benth. ...........-.... 481
tenellum, Torr. ........2...-.... 483
Thomasii, Torr. ....-......2.0... 482
Thurberi, Torr. .-..-....-....... 482
thymoides, Hook. ...... 2.2... 477
tomentosum, Mx. -.............. A477
Torreyanum, Gray ...--......--. 478

trichopodum, Torr. ...........309, 482

truncatum, T. & G. ....... 02222. 480
umbellatum, Torr. ...-........ 300, 478
undulatum, Benth. -............- A477
vimineum, Dougl. ............ 305, 481
virgatum, Benth. ............... 481
Watsonii, T. & G. ..222. 1.222. 307, 482
Wrightii, Torr. ...-........... 305, 481

 

INDEX.

Erisymum asperum, DC. ...---.------------- 24
cheiranthoides, L. .--.-.----+----- 24

pumilum, Nutt. ...--...----------5 24
Eritrichium, Schrad. ....-.-----------+--0--+ 241
angustifolium, Torr. ......-.---- 241
Californicum, DC. ...--.---.---- 242
Chorisianum, DC. .--------.----- 242
connatifolium, Kell. ..---.---.---- 242
Jfulvocanescens, Gray.----.------- 243

fulvum, DC. ...-..-.--.-.------ 243
glomeratum, DC. ..-...--..----- 242

Kingii, 8. Watson -.....---..-.- 243

leiocarpum, 8. Watson ......---- 244
micranthum, Torr. ..---.. -.---- 244
muriculatum, Torr. ..........--- 245
pterocaryum, Torr. -----...----- 245

Scouleri, DC. ...--..-.--- -.----- 242

Willosum,, DGE..c2c0.02 2 segge0cece 241

Erodium cicutarium, L’Her. -----.-.-.------- 50
Erythreea Chilensis, Pers. ..----.------..---- 277
Nuttallii, 8. Watson..-........-.-. 276
Erythronium giganteum, Lindl. .-.....--.-.-- 348
grandiflorum, Pursh.........-. 348
Eschscholtzia, Cham. .....-.--....---.------ 13
Californica, Cham. .-......-.- 13,14

Eunanus, DC. .--.---.---.-----2----------2- 226
Bigelovii, Gray..-.-..--9........-. 226

Coulteri, Benth. ...-.....--...--.- 226
Douglasii, Benth. ...........-.-... 226
Frémonti, DC. seee sew s cccaee ces 226

Tolmiei, DC, wecacescee se sace ves ns 226
Eupatorium occidentale, Hook. ...-......... 136
Euphorbia dictyosperma, F. & M. ..........- 320
glyptosperma, Eng. --............ 320

montana, Eng. ..........2....... 320

-ocellata, Dur, & Hilg. .......22.. 319
polygonifolia, L. -.-..-2. 2.2222. 319
serpyllifolia, Pers. ...... 2-22. 22. 320
EUPHORBIACES .... 2222.0. cee cece eee eee 319
Eurotia, Adans. .... 2.2.2... 22..20..2222 2. 292
ceratoides, Ledeb, .........-........ 299

Janata, Moq. .--........-2..2--2. 0... 299
Eurynchium diversifolium, Schl. ........_... 408
strigosum, Hedw. ....... 2.2... 408

Lutoca aretioides, H. & A. ..-22. 228. 254, 256, 258

heterophylla, Torr. ....--. .2222- 22222. 252
Menziesii, R. Br... 2... eee. ee. 252
sericea, Grah. ...... 2.222002 eee eee ee 252
Evernia vulpina, Ach. .-....20...20222.2002. 412
Hagonia, Len. sce sesees cane enc caw cows 418
Californica, Benth. .......222...... 418
Fegatella conica, Corda.... 2.2.0.2... 0.20... 411
Fendleria, Steud. ... 22. ...00. 2c cee cee ee 379
Bieri Ua, os uccncors eatin met 2c sales eons uwl ous 127
dissecta, Gray ........ 2.0020 2200 002k 128
multifida, Gray.... 2.022.220.0222 ee 127
Festuca brevifolia, R. Br. -...2. 220222000... 389
microstachys, Nutt. ...............2. 388

ovina, Ly... 2. ee. eee cece eee 389

tenella, Willd. ...2. 22... eee cee eee 388
INDEX.

 

Page.

Festuca DP ea dacchinersdmsnecmulseus waits wees 389
FICOIDES .20csc.ncugasasenaceccees Se eues wee 120
IRTEIGRS sete seas = eve a's see SRS ecisnia 395
Fimbriaria tenella, Nees.........222.-22.22-. 411
Fimbristylis spadicea, Vahl..........2...--.. 361
thermalis, 8. Watson.........2.. 360

Fissidens grandifrons, Brid. ...-....----...-. 398
Flerkia proscrpinacoides, Willd. ............ 50
Fontinalis antipyretica, L. ....-..-...2...... 408
Fragaria vesca, L. ...--. 0.2222 022222 eee eee 85

Virginiana, Ehrh. ..-.-. ..2-2...--- 85

 

Franseria, Cav. ..-.-..---2.0220022 eee ene eee 165
dumosa, Gray....-.--.----2---.-5- 422
Hookeriana, Nutt. ...-..-.-....----- 165

Frasera albomarginata, 8. Watson ...-..-..-- 280

speciosa, Doug]. .-....----..---.---- 279
Fraxinus anomala, Torr. -.......-..--.--.-.- 283
WATLCHS) MX. cae veeececicecemienciccemee 2B4
Frémontia vermicularis, Torr. .--.-.....---.--- 295
Fritillaria, Tourn. ..........--..2---2.2-.---- 346
atropurpurea, Nutt. ..---.---.---- 346
Kamtschatcensis, Fisch. ....-...-- 347

lanceolata, Pursh ........---.---- 347

pudica, Spreng. ....-...----.----- 347

Funaria Hibernica, Hook. ....-.--.-..-..---- 404
hygrometrica, Hedw. ...--.-.--.----- 404

HUNG Tn (2, 20! aicrcce Gal scionsic estate eed iain idee eal Bese ies 413
Gaillardia, Foug. .----.--...----.------.---- 424
pinnatifida, Torr. ....-..-.....--- 424

Galapagoa, Hook. ..--..-.-.-.---------+----- 247
Galium Aparine, L. ......-.---.--.---.------ 134
asperrimum, Gray.--.--..-..----.---. 134
pifolium, 8. Watson..--....---..----- 134
Bloomeri, Gray .----..----. --+------- 135
boréalé; Ls sascex sccieseeeseue sesees 136
hypotrichium, Gray ..------------+-+--- 135
multiflorum, Kell. ....-....---.------ 135
‘trifidumy. Ls. osc sees eeeeedcess Movers 185

: triflorum, Mx. .....-...--.---------- 135
Garrya, Dougl. .....-.--..---.--------+------ 132
elliptica, Lindl. ..-.....----..----- 132, 421
laurifolia, Benth. ..--.. ---.--------- 421

Pea dae Se aac s sist nieces Sea evar 421

Gaultheria Myrsinites, Hook. ...-.-----.----- 210

Gaura parviflora, Dougl. ..-....--.---------- 113

Gayophytum, Juss. .--.....--22-------2----- 105

cesium, T. & G. .-------------- 105
diffusum, T. & G. -...----..--- 105
Nutiallii, T. & G. ..--- ceeeeceee 105
racemosum, T. & G...--------- 105
ramosissimum, T. & G. .--.---- 105

Gentiana acuta, Mx. .-.--..----- +--+ -2+ ---+-- 277
affinis, Sm. .-.-.. ---------. 255 eee 279
Amarella, L. ....-----------++----+ 277
crinita, Freel, ..---- -----+---++---- 278

detonsa, Fries ....-.---------------

 

frigida, Henke

heterosepala, Eng. ..---.-.--------- 278
Parryi, Eng. ...--.-----------+---- 279
tenuis, Griseb. .----- -----+--+-+---- 277

 

 

Page.

GENTIANACER 2.000. 02-000 cece eee eee cee 276
GERANTAGIMG: jcnicccnncsewe sEeee weeseenecees 49
Geranium albiflorum, Hook. ..... dice Mae OEERS 49
.Carolinianum, L. ..-.-.-..--...--. 50
Frémontii, Torr. ....--..-2..----+- 49
Richardsonii, F. & M. ..---. ..-..- 49
Geum macrophyllum, Willd. ...........-...- 84
Rossii, Seringe..... sss: jseseseseeses 84
triflorum, Pursh...2.. 2s .2202<ssesee8e- 84
Gilia, Ruiz & Pav. -.....2-2. 02.2-22--- 262, 462, 465
achillesfolia, Benth. .......--.---.-.-. 469
aggregata, Spreng. .....-..----..---- 269, 469
androsacea, Steud. ......----.----... 263, 466
atractyloides, Gray..-....-.--- 22-2 ---- 467
aurea, Nutt. c.sasseces oes sesseese cee 465
Bigelovii, Gray .-.-.-.....----+----- 263, 466
Bolanderi, Gray ....-.-.----.---------- 465
Brewerl, Gtayiescacse a2 sax 2x enbne seo 266, 467
Californica, Benth. .-....-....-------- 466
campanulata, Gray....-..----.------ 271, 470
capitata, Dougl. ......-.....-2-2--.--- 469
ciliata, Benth. ......---.------------ 264, 466
congesta, Hook. ....-.....--.------- 268, 468
coronopifolia, Pers. -....-..-.----.-.-. 468
cotulefolia, Steud. ...-...-..--2...---. 467
demissa, Gray’ occ eee ste eee 465
densiflora, Benth. .......--..---..----- 466
densifolia, Benth. ......---.---.------- 468
dianthoides, Endl. ...-....--..--2.---- A465
dichotoma, Benth. .......----.-------- 466
divaricata, Torr. ........---.-2-+-.--.- 467
Hilicatlis; Borri <2: asse wtencenvecse ve cs 467
filifolia; Nuths 26 cope athioreeems cee ce 267, 468
floccsa, Gray 2222 <ss2c.n2cece eee 28 267, 468
floribunda, Gray -...-...---..----.---- 466
Gunnisoni, T. & G. .....-......----. 268, 468
iberidifolia, Benth. ........-----.-.-.- 468
incisa, Benthy, s-cesceicccis wiviak asec 470
inconspicua, Dougl. ....-.-.--------- 270, 470
intertexta, Steud. ...-...-.--. -.---- 266, 467
leptomeria, Gray.......-------.----- 270, 470
leucocephala, Gray ..---..------------- 467
liniflora, Benth. ...-.-.-------.----- 262, 465
micrantha, Steud. .....-...-.......-264, 466
micromeria, Gray.-..---.------------ 271, 470
minima, Gray...-------------------- 266, 467
minutiflora, Benth. ......------.------ 469
multicaulis, Benth. ..-.....----.------ 469
nudicaulis, Gray.----.---.---------- 264, 466
Nuttallii, Gray..---.-.-------------- 264, 466
pinnatifida, Nutt. .....-.-.----.---.---- 469
polycladon, Torr. ..-------------+--+ 268, 468
pumila, Nutt. .....-------+-------+- 268, 468
pungens, Benth. ..-..--------------- 265, 467
pusilla, Benth. ...-...-------------- 263, 465
rigidula, Benth. .-..-...-------------- 470
Schottii, S. Watson....-..----------- 267, 468
setosissima, Gray--.----------- +--+ 267, 467
spicata, Nutt. ..---------- -----+------ 468
squarrosa, Hook. ..-.-----------+----- 467
 

512 INDEX.
Page. Page.
iia hei Flours HO etude t aararasncpaeal 269, 469 | Heliotropium Curassavicum, L. ......------- ane
subnuda, Torr.......-.---- 22 ee eee 269,469 | Helonias paniculata, Nutt. ...--.------------- 343
tenella, Benth. ........---.----------- 466 | Hemiptilium, Gray ..-..--.---. +--+ 22-2 eee eee 197
tenerrima, Gray ..----. 22-20-0200 --e- 270, 469 Bigelovii, Gray ..-...-.------+--- 198
tenuiflora, Benth. ...-..--..---------- 469 | Hemizonia, DC. .-...--..------------------- 177
tricolor, Benth. ...-....-.-...--------- 469 Durandi, Gray .-.-..------..---- 177
virgata, Steud. .-......---.----------- AGB: | HIRPATT OA: 2c0)2 suc csacmiotueeeacieenemeoeees 411
viscidula, Gray.-.-...-.--.-----.--+-- 467 | Heracleum lanatum, Mx. -.-....---..----- 131, 421
Watsoni, Gray...-..-----..--------- 265, 466 | Hermidium, S. Watson-...-...---.-.------ 286, 475
Wrightil, Gray'...<2. 2.0260 22sse% conwne 468 alipes, S. Watson ..-.....--.----- 286
Glaux maritima, L. .........--...---- eae 214 | Herpestis pilosus, Benth. ..---...-----------. 225
Glyceria aquatica, Sm. ........--..--2--.---- 384 | Hesperalo, Eng. -----.--2--- 02.2 eee eee eee ee 497
aquatica, Presl....-....-.-------+-- 385 yuceeefolia, Eng. ...--....--.---- 497
distans, Wahl. ........-...--..---.- 385 | Hesperis Menziesit, Hook. ...-..---.-----+----+ 14
pauciflora, Presl..........-... .-.--- 384 | Hesperocallis undulata, Gray ---..--.-------- 488
Glycosma occidentalis, Nutt. ..-...--.--------- 122 | Hesperochiron, S. Watson.---..--..----+--+ 281
Glycyrrhiza lepidota, Nutt. ...--.-.-.-------- 78 Californicus, S. Watson .-.-.. 281
Glyptopleura, D. C. Eaton.......---.-------- 207 | Hesperoscordon hyacinthinum, Lindl. .......... 354
marginata, D.C. Eaton.....--. 207 maritimum, Torr. ......----- 354, 488
Gnaphalium luteo-album, L, ........-...---- 184 | Heterocodon, Nutt. ...-.....--.-----2-6----- 209
palustre, Nutt. .........-.--- 184, 422 rariflorum, Nutt. ..-.....-..... 209
Sprengelii, Hook. ......--------- 184 | Heuchera cylindrica,Dougl. . -.....----..... 96
uliginosum, L, ....-.---------- 185 parvifolia, Nutt. ..---.--..--..---- 96
GNETA CHAD, ens s2aswiesceawenciic veeaiieiceasoeac 328 rubescens, Torr. ....-... 2.2. -.2--. 96
Gratiola Virginiana, L. .--.....-22..22220 000. 227 sanguinea, Eng. ..-.....-....----- 96
Grayia, H& Aus oe ccsccecee ves cecesences aces 292 | Hieracium albiflorum, Hook. .............--. 200
polygaloides, H. & A. ...--.......... 292 Scouleri, Hook. -....-.. 222-2222. 199
spinosa, Mog. ..---.-----.-2 een ee wees 292 triste; Willd. sssesesseveeee see oes 200
Grimmia anodon, Br. & Sch. .......-.--..... 403 | Hierochloa borealis, R. & 8. .......--2. 2200-8 393
apocarpa, Br. & Sch. ..-... -.-.... 403 | Hippuris vulgaris, L. -....-......2222...2--- 102
calyptrata, Hook. ...-.....---....-. 403 | Hordeum Himalayense, Ritt. .........--.-..- 391
conferta, Funk, ..........--.....-- 402 jubatum, Th. s.cnscsesexsencnsceses 390
leucophaa, Grev. ..-... 2-2-2. .2.00. 404 pratense, Huds. -.-.-....---..-.-.- 391
montana, Br. & Sch. ...-.......... 404 | Horkelia, Ch. & Sch. ...-.... 222002 cece eee 89, 447
ovata, Web. & Mohr............... 403 Bolanderi, Gray...-....---. 2.22... 448
orbicularis, Br. & Sch. .........2.-. 403 Californica, Ch. & Sch. -...-.....-. 447
pulvinata, Dill. ...-......-.-...... 408 capitata, Lindl. ......-.-2.222222.. 447
Grindelia, Willd. ............ 2.0022. .222000e 163 congesta, Hook. ............-..--. 448
squarrosa, Dunal ...... .......-. 163 fusca, Lindl. ....-.2..-222. 2222-206 448
Habenaria dilatata, Gray......2. 2.2220 .-20.. 340 Gordoni, Hook. ..........--....... 90
foetida, 8. Watson............ 2... 341 parviflora, Nutt. ..22....-22..022. 89, 447
hyperborea, R. Br, .........-..... 340 tenuiloba, Gray .......22.2-. 2.22. 448
HALORAGER...- 2... 2-0. eee ele eee cece eee 102 | Hosackia, Benth. .......-.....---- 202-2... 432
Halostachys, C. A. Mey. ...-.....2.. 2222220. 293 angustifolia, G. Don ............- 434
occidentalis, 8. Watson......... 293 argophylla, Gray ..--....22222.2.. 62, 433
Ritteriana, Mog. ...-.. 2.2.2... 294 bicolor, Dougl. .-.....2.222.22.02. 434
Hedysarum boreale, Nutt. ..........-....... 78 brachycarpa, Benth. .............. 435
Mackenzii, Rich. .............. 78, 419 crassifolia, Benth. ...-......2. 0.2. 434
Helenium autumnale, L. .......2.222222. 020. 175 cytisoides, Benth. ..-2.2 02.2200... 433
; Hoopesii, Gray wiaieste, nAfaiatoiare relate anne 175 decumbens, Benth. ................ 433
Helianthella multicaulis, D. C. Eaton.... 2... 170 gracilis, Benth. ........2.2...000.. 434
; uniflora, PEO Gs cased swecccves 170 grandiflora, Benth, ........... 2... 434
Helianthus exilis, GUY sie claaeideecicw wetter 168 Heermanni, Dur. & Hilgs.coceck 63, 433
giganteus, L. ...... 22.22... 2 202. 169 incana, Torr. ...... 2.2... .2200. 000. 434
lenticularis, Dougl. ....2. 222.222. 169 juncea, Benth. ..--....2022..00.2.. 433
Nuttallii, Dy 88 Gis Seiscc pee miutsine cts 169 lathyroides, Dur. & A GS oc eet 434
: uniflorus, Nutt. ....2. 22222. ..2.. 170 maritima, Nutt. -.......222. 200... 434
Heliomeris, Nutt. went eee eee ener eee 170 micrantha, Nutt. ....... 220.0 00.. 433
multiflora, NU tose n cc cdde sul 170 oblongifolia, Benth, ..........00... 434

Pena seeeee eeee cece eeeeee 423 parviflora, Benth,

 
INDEX.

 

Page.

Hosackia prostrata, Nutt. ..........2...-0-- 433
puberula, Benth. ...-....0...... 419, 433
Purshiana, Benth. ...............63, 434

rigida, Benth. .........2.. 2.2.02. 433

scoparia, Nutt. ..... ihsays Deeais fe yachsacarern 433

sericea, Benth. ...............2--5 433
stipularis, Benth. ..........-...... 434

strigosa, Nutt. ..-.....222.....2.-- 434
subpinnata, T. & G. .-....-...-.. 63, 435
tomentosa, H. & A. ..--.. 22.22.22. 433
Wrightii, Gray .............. 419, 432, 433

Humulus Lupulus, L. .--...2..220. 222. eee ee 321
Hutchinsia calycina, Desv. .......22200--.00+- 24
Hyd nr —9 cos Soon ese eaeercntigickeecacane 414
Hydrophyllum capitatum, Dougl. ............ 248
macrophyllum, Nutt. ........ 248
HYDROPTERIDES ..-. 2. 0.222. .eeeee eee eee cee 397
Hymenoclea, T. & G. .--22. 0.0220. eee ee ween 166
monogyra, T. & G. ....-..----6 166

Hymenolobus divaricatus, Nutt. ......22... .-+. 28
Hymenopappus luteus, Nutt. .......-.....224 424
tenuifolius, Pursh.........--. 173

HVPE RICKOME.. occ s:secmawyasdoaiddelcasiaaees 45
Hypericum mutilum, L. .........2..22-2-0-- 46
Scouleri, Hook. ..........-...--4- 45

Hypnum aduncum, Hedw...........-..-..--. 411
MicINDIN, Ws» .da2520qeemoeaceeesnen 411

AUItANS Ess. 6 isiens Sk i nceaceniawonce 411
imponens, Hedw. ...--.-----.------ 410
pallescens, Schp. .-.-..-.-.-.-...-- 410
uncinatum, Hedw. .-.--..-.--...-- 410

Wee eka a ROHS EEO 411

Lodanthus hesperidoides, T. & G. ..-----..----- 19, 25
pinnatifida, Gray....-.-.----2.----- 19, 25
IRMACEE .:----.----- Binin ila epcibia thetsieisiaiet nies 342
Iris longipetala, Torr. ...-..------------ e+e 342
Tolmieana, Herb. ..-.-.-.----- e220 ---- 342
Isoetes echinospora, Durieu.-..--..---.------ 397
Iva axillaris, Pursh .....-..----- ------ -00-- 165
Ivesia, T. & G. ...-....- sib eee eee 90, 448
Baileyi, S. Watson.....-..-.----- 90, 91, 449
Gordoni, T. & G. ...-..----.--------90, 448
GTACS, TOs, woecenceraes nena cote 91
Kingii, 8. Watson..-...-...-..-.-..-91, 448
lycopodioides, Gray ..-.---.-------- 90, 448
Pickeringii, Torr. ...-.-.----..------- 448
pygmea, Gray ..-.-..----.---2 eee 90, 448
santolinoides, Gray -.-.---.---------+ 448
tridentata, Gray -.-----.-----+-----+-- 448
unguiculata, Gray ...--.-------------- 448
Jamesia, T. & G. -.-- +2. e022 eee eee eee eee eee 97
Americana, T. & G. ....---------+-- 97
JUNCACEEE .222 0200-202 cece eee e cee eee cee 355
JUNCUS, Lie cee veweiesssercessseuenceseee wees 491
, acuminatus, Mx. .......--------+ 0-65 494
acutuUs; Le ccccusxacsceaseeereciemess 491
alpinus; Villy seccesce tes sseeeencces 494
arcticus, Willd. .....----- ....-..--- 492
articulatus, L. ..-.-. 2-2-2. 22-00- ones 494

asper, Eng. .......------02-0+ eee eee 495

65

 

513

Page.

Juncus Balticus, Deth. ..........--...-.-- 356, 491
bighimis; Vin .sececeevens esse ca ccecce 492
Bolanderi, Eng. ..-.......-.-.------ 494
brachycarpus, Eng. ...--.-..2..-24-. 494
Breweri, Eng. ....-..+--------e0e-+- 491
bufonius, L. ..-... 222. -22.--------357, 493
Canadensis, J. Gay.........---. w---- 495
castaneus, Sm. .---.-.. 222.2. 2--0 22-8 492
caudatus, Chapm. -.....-...---..--- 495
chlorocephalus, Eng. ...-.....---- 359, 495
compressus, HBK. ......--..-------- 491
Cooperi, Eng. .........-..-------+-- 491
dichotomus, Ell. .........-........-- 493
Drummondii, E. Mey. ...--..-.---- 356, 492

dubius, Eng. ........--....-22..---- 494

CMUSUS): Lay. 2 Seieieaicrscinetinwinis aceeiniad acute 491
Elliottii, Chapm. -.......-.....-.--. 494
faleatus, E. Mey. .......,--.---.---- 493
filiformis, Dy, sosecouseseeveseewesres 492
Gerardi, Lois. ..--..-.-------------- 498
Greenii, Oakes & Tuck. ...--...----. 493

Halli, Eng), 2sciccc-vsicctesceeacmeacesis 492
Kelloggii, Eng. ..-......---.-2-----+ 493
leptocaulis, T. & G. ..---.------. ---- 493
Desuéurii, (Bol. vciccs crnenancwswece 491
longistylis, T. & G. ....-..--.-.--. 357, 493
marginatus, Rostk. .........---.---. 493
Mertensianus, Bong. .-.-..--.----. 358, 495
MIUUtALIS, Big. saan civeieine eae cecisinen 494
NIOAGOSUS;. Bos, o2is.ccareciejceuce mse cniausjescraioie 494
obtusatus, Eng. ..--.....--. is eyceaitis . 493
OXYVMETISG, HNO: onic av cincaceicciekicnns 495

Parryi, Eng. .......-...-----.---.357, 492

patens; BE. Mey. 2seescsussenewos cece A491
pelocarpus, E. Mey. ........---.-.-- 494
pheocephalus, Eng. ...-..---.--.--. 495
procerus, E. Mey. ..-.----..-.------- 491

repens; Ma sos. scossecue reese easciese 493
Reemerianus, Scheele......---..----- 491
scirpoides, Lam. .....-..--.---2- +++ 494
setaceus, Rostk. -....--.2-.0-20. eee 492
Smithily WONG osajeerweiccaciersiee cicisies ciao 492

sty gus, Le seein ccseneciees seu A492
supiniformis, Eng. -.-.......-------- 494

Genus) WAVE cccirccrsmicnes eecieccnee 493
ri; Meese ledernice ce euce enter 492
triformis, Eng. ...--....---..----- 357, 493

PETG VAMIS) Tos. jgiciracicrcjnintaierasarniare elethio-Sieve 492

Vaseyi, Eng. ..---...--------------- 492
xyphioides, E. Mey. ...--.---.---- 358, 495
Juniperus communis, L. ...-.......---------+ 335
occidentalis, Hook. .......-------- 336
Virginiana, L. ....-. eae heseuerene 335

Kalmia glauca, Ait. ..---.-.----. 2-02. ---- 211, 425
Kochia, Roth. ...--..--.-..----- eee e ee eee 293
prostrata, Schrad. ....-...----.----- 293
Keeleria cristata, Pers. .....-..-..----------- 383
Krameriay.: «.ccoscetascecacanccccsceesee ATO
vifolia, Benth. ......-..------- 416

Krynitzkia leiocarpa, F. & M. .--..------- +--+ 244
 

 

 

 

  

 

 

 

514 INDEX.
Page. Page.

DATS UAT AR se, 2 visser tates tie a aso biel atc ie ere bpaininiseese -. 234) Limosella aquatica, L. .....--.-----.---+-+- 227
Lagophyla, Nutt. ..............2.2- 002+ eee 178 | Linack#....... ssbameesss spcdeene seSenaaes 49
ramosissima, Nutt. ..........-.. 178 | Linnzea borealis, Gronov. ......-.-----------+ 132

Laphamia, Gray sosccs vewace esoseceeneee sue 164 | Linosyris, Lobel. ....-....200- 222-0 ee ee eee 156
Stansburii, Gray ...-....---.---- 164 graveolens, T. & G. ...-....------ 156

Larrea; Cavix scans ces sssctwesaceeesewse uses 417 Howardii, Parry ..---..----..----- 158
Mexicana, Moric. ......-...--..----- 417 viscidiflora, T. & G. ....-...---- 157, 158
Lastarriewa, Remy... 2... ----------- wena eee 477 | Linum Kingii, 8. Watson ............---.---. 49
Chilensis, Remy-.........-.. eases 477 perenne, Ly sscaescesscesceccenie meee, “AD

Lathyrus ornatus, Nutt. ...-....--..-2------ 79 | Listera convallarioides, Hook. ...--..--.----. 341
palustris, L. ....-.......-...----.78, 419 | Lithophragma, Nutt. ...-..-2.-...---2------ 449
polyphyllus, Nutt. ......-......--. 78 : affinis, Gray -..-...-.--.--.-- 449

Taya TED. Be Aes ccc racccteiarare wiaterarne eyes eayasietereiciaes 176 Bolanderi, Gray ..---..----.- 449
glandulosa, H. & A. ......-----.---- 176, 422 Cymbalaria, T. & G. ......-. 449
heterotricha, H. & A. ......-..-..---+ 177 glabra, Nutt. ...-.....-..--.- 449
Lecanora cervina, Nyl. ..--..---0-. 22002 -0e8 413 heterophylla, Gray.....-..... 449
chlorophana, Ach. ........----.---- 413 parviflora, Nutt. -...-...-.- -94, 449

cinerea, (L.).--------2--.---- 222+. 413 tenella, Nutt. .......-2...-. 95, 449

muralis, Scher. ........-.-.------. 412] Lithospermum circumscissum, H. & A. ...... 240

rubina, Scher. ....-..----.-------- 412 decumbens, Torr. ..-...-------- 238
subfusea, Ach. ........------------ 412 hirtum, Lehm. ...........--- 238
xanthophana, Nyl. ..--...--.- wane. 413 incisum, Torr. -..........--.. 238

Lecidea vesicularis, Ach. ....-.....2.-..--24- 413 longiflorum, Spreng. ......... 238
Ledum glandulosum, Nutt. ..........-....--. » 211 multifiorum, Torr. .......----- 238
LEGUMINOSRacis cawan weemcweeaedd ee rcaisece 53 ruderale, Dougl. ...--.-.----- 238
Lemanea catenata, Kiitz .......-.2--2.2.---. 415 Torreyi, Nutt. .....--.-.----- 238
Lemna minor; T.. wcccesugers soseee een bioe cas 336 | Lloydia, Salish. .....-22 222-2... 000--0-2-2-- 348
“polyrrhiza, iy ..csse sseeseseeeseecss 336 serotina, Reich. ............--....-- 348
Torreyi, Aust. ....-.2-.---- 0022-0 --0+ 386 | LOASACE HB... ce. cece ee ceccee cceene cane cecce - 113
trisulea, L. ...--.2..-.2.--2----+++-- 336] LOBELIACEm ..-.....-... wictkotmonseovaamhs 208
Valdiviana, Philippi................. 336 | Lonicera conjugialis, Kell. .............--.-- 133
LEMNACEA.... 00. e cece cee eee eee cece eee 336 involucrata, Banks............-.... 133
LENTIBULACED..2 2.0 eee cee ewe cee 214 Utahensis, S. Watson............... 133
Lenzites striata, Sw. .......2-.2. ce eee eee 414 | Lophanthus anisatus, Benth. ................ 236
Lepidium alyssoides, Gray......-..-22-.-s206 29 urticefolius, Benth. ............ 236
dictyotum, Gray........--....---- 30 | Lupinus Andersoni, 8. Watson.-......-. esses 58

flavum; TOR. s:cccccs acne, aceince an 30 argenteus, Pursh ......-2.........25 55
Fremontii, 8. Watson.....--..-... 30 aridus, Dougl. ........ sented eiedcireas 57
intermedium, Gray...-.....------. _ 29 brevicaulis, 8S. Watson...........2.. 53
montanum, Nutt. ....-.-.-.....-.- 29 Breweri, Gray...---........002. 220. 58
nanum, S. Watson 30 cespitosus, Nutt. .-.... 2.20.2 .2200. 57

Tuderale; We sacieceumeocececee sacee 29 calcaratus, Kell. ....-..22.......... 56

safest help raaret nara ara 29 decumbens, Torr. ...............2-- 56

Leptobryum pyriforme, Dill. .-.......... 2... 404 flexuosus, Lindl. ......20......0222. 55
Leptotenia multifida, Nutt. ..22.0. 0.0200 cece ee 127 laxiflorus, Doug]. ..-.........2.... « 55
Leucocoryne, Lind]. ...... 2.202. .2222. eee ee 489 leucophyllus, Lindl. ................ 57
Leucocrinum, Nutt. ...... 2.0222 .-22 eee eee 349 leucopsis, Ag. ...... 2.22. et tector 56
montanum, Nutt. .........---. 349 meionanthus, Gray..............--- 56

GWIsis; POPS co..c2:ciaciniemsee eseaneees 44 minimus, Dougl. ....... 22222. sence. 58
brachycalyx, Eng. .....-..2...-.2.. 45 parviflorus, Nutt. .....0022. 00000005 54

; rediviva, Pursh ................- eee 44 plumosus, Dougl. ..............-02.. 57
Libocedrus, Endl. ...... 22.2 ..2...0c02ceeeee 335 polyphyllus, Lindl. ................ 55
decurrens, Torr. ....... 335 pusillus, Pursh..........-...2..--.. 53

LICHENmS ........ wate eee e ee seen ee cree ee ee ee A12 sericeus, Pursh .......---.......0-. 57
Ligusticum apiifolium, Benth. & Hook. ...... 125 sulphnreus, Dougl. .........-...... 57
Lintacnn Gust isicy oieaim nisi eter n\atuies ctaretateraaciare races weet Torreyi, Gray.......0..022...000 000. 58
Lilium Canadense, L. ........2.--.. uncialis, 8, Watson. .........2.. 2... 54
parvum, Kell. ...0.. 2.2... eee eee Y Ghedieew sawiuemautigcee weetics: OBB
Limnobium palustre, L. ............ pehgees 410 | Luzula campestris, DC. ..... 2.22.20. .0.0..... 355
UE pieyeioisia store sia delteivielghaeyags 410 comosa EE. Mey. ...... 2.2.0.2 .20..222. 356
 

 

INDEX. 515

Pago. Page.

Luzula melanocarpa, Desy. ........-.0..-...5 455 | Mumillaria, Grahami, Eng. ........---...... 115
parviflora, Desv. .....-. aunieinaiaieeatwiets 355 Nuttallii, Eng. ...........2-.-... 116
spadicea, DC. ....---22...2-2e eee 355 phellosperma, Eng, ........-.-.. 115
spicata, Desv. .....22.-22----eee--e 356 vivipara, Haw, .......-.---..-.- 115

TV CDDIS) Ths: ccchmcnee comuincsdcaacespecouas - 480 | Marchantia polymorpha, L. -..--.-.-2-...--: 411
Ajanensis, Regel ..........--2.---. 37, 431 | Marrubium vulgare, L, ..--..--------22. eee 237

apetala, L. ....- a eiatsieisuniecverans set 3 36, 431 | Marsilia vestita, Hook. & Grev. ....-....---. 397
Drummondi, 8. Watson............. 37, 432 | Maruta Cotula, DC. .....-.. 22-0 ---e eee eee 179

nuda, S. Watson...--............. 37, 430 | Matricaria discoidea, DC, .......-.----..---- 179
triflorum, R. Br. .........---.------ 431 | Medicago sativa, L. ...--..--2. 2-24 ---- 2-2 eee 58

WSYGHIM, Ts. cine susiccionsae eset cacwnnceesews, 472 | Meesia uliginosa, L. ---..-..---- 0+ eee nese 407
Andersonii, Gray....-.-.-222..... 275, 473 | Melandryum, Roh. .... .----.------ 2-2. ------ 430
barbinodum, Miers ............. eee 473 Ajanense, Rohr. ......------..- 431
Berlandieri, Dunal ................. 473 apetalum, Fenzl. ...--...---- 36, 431
brevipes, Benth. ..--..-.-2--..-2... 473 Baldwinii, Rohr. ...-..---.-.-- 431
‘Carolinianum, Walt. ...... Sretcies sia 473 Bolanderi, Rohr. ..-..-...----- 431
Cooperi, Graysssccecusscccewtaxeeey 473 Californicum, Rohr. ........--. 431
Fremonti, Gray..--....--2. 4-22 -6-- 473 Greggii, Rohr. ..--....---....- 431
macrodon, Gray.----. .-e+-+--+----- 473 Hookeri, Rohr. ...-..-.---.---- 431
pallidum, Miers.....-...---.-.---. 275, 473 Tllinoense, Rohr. ..--....---.-- 431

Palmeri, Gray...---------.--------- 473 involucratum, Ch. & Sch. ..... 431
parviflorum, Gray......---.-----... 474 laciniatum, Rohr. ......-. wees 431
puberulum, Gray..--.--.-..- oaeeees 473 Pennsylvanicum, Rohr. ....--.. 431

Richil, Gray «wescucwscciss aces segace 473 rotundifolium, Rohr, -......---. 431

Torreyl, Gray aasives <sesucices oeee coe 473 triflorum, Liebm. ....--..--.-. 431
Lycoperdon gemmatum, Bull. ...........---- 414 Virginicum, A. Br. -.-..-..---- 431
_  giganteum, Batsch. .....-....-.. 414 Wrightii, Rohr. ...-..--..----- 431
LYCOPODIACED..-. 22. .202 eee eee eee ee eee 397 | Melica powoides, Nutt, ..-.-.----2. eee eee eee 383
Lycopus sinuatus, Ell. ......-.-2---.-------- 234 etricta; Bole ssek~dencses eeeees ease cece 384
-Lygodesmia juncea, Don ......-.---.-.----- 200 | Melilotus alba, Lam. ..--..--.--2------0---+- 58
spinosa, Nutt. .....-..-...-..--- 200 parviflora, Desf. -....-.-.-...----- 58

Lysimachia ciliata, L. -..---.--------------- 214 | Mengea, Schauer ..--..----------- +--+ ----- 296
LYTHRACEE ....-..----- sb ateietvia vcttal cnaia/sloainveietsia 103 Californica, Mog. ..---...---------- 296
Macheranthera, Nees..---.-----------+----+- 146 | Mentha Canadensis, L. ...--.-.-------+----- 234
canescens, Gray..----------- 146 | Mentzelia albicaulis, Dougl. ....-.-...---.118, 114

Macronema, Nutt. ....-.------- es eee. eee eee 158 congesta, Nutt. -.....--.---..--.-- 114
discoidea, Nutt. -.---.----2.--++-- 159 gracilenta, T. & G. -.-----0--02-0-- 114

suffruticosa, Nutt. ..---..-.-+---- 159 levicaulis, T. & G. ...--.-----.--. 114
Macrorrhynchus, Less. .----.-----.+++--+---- 204 micrantha, H. & A. ....-.....--.-- 114
glaucus, D.C. Eaton....--.- 204 multiflora, Nutt. ..-..-------2..6-- 421

grandiflorus, T. & G. ..---- 206 ornata, T. & G. -...-.------------- 115

heterophyllus, Nutt. ...----. 206 Veatchiana, Kell. ....---.-.---.---- 114

troximoides, T. & G. -...--. 205 | Menyanthes trifoliata, L. ....-.----.-------- 281

Madaria, DC. -...-------- --- 222+ - seer eens 178 | Mertensia, Roth. ..---------.--------------- 461
elegans, DC. ...-.-.----- -----+ +--+ 178 alpina, Don.....-...----...---- 240, 461

Madia, Mol. ...- 2... 2-2 e200 eee e cone cere veer 178 brevistyla, S. Watson ...... ---.239, 461-
racemosa, T. & G. ..----------------- 175 Drummondii, Don...----.--------+ 461
Malacothrix, DC. ..--..---- ------+-- e+ eee 201 . Fendleri, Gray-.-.---.------+----+ 461
Californica, DC. .-.-----------+ 201 maritima, Don ........----------- 461

Coulteri, Harv. & Gray..----.-- 201 oblongifolia, DC. -.---..-.- 238, 239, 461

obtusa, Benth. ..---.---------- 202 paniculata, Don..---.-.---.---- 239, 461

sonchoides, T. & G. .----------- 201 Sibirica, Don--.--.---.--------- 239, 461

Malva hederacea, Dougl. .---.------+-+-20---- 48 Virginica, DC. ....--.------------ 461
Munroana, Dougl. ..-------------+--+- 47 | Merulius lachrymans, Schum. .---..-.----.-- 414
MALVACEAE 2 accession ve nsesnse cess ine sibet AG | Milla, Cav. ..---- 0-00. -e-eeee coerce en nees 354, 489
Malvastrum coccineum, Gray.-----.--------- 47 biflora, Cav. .------------- seine deme see 490
Fremontii, Torr. .--.-----.+----- 43 capitata, Baker..-...-----.-----++----+ 490
Munroanum, Gray ..------------ 47, 48 crocea, Baker....-.-----+++----+------ 490

pedatifidum, Gray .--------+-+---+ 47 grandiflora, Baker ..---.------------ 354, 490

Mamillaria, Haw. .-.-.-.------+--++ -e2e ees 115 hyacinthina, Baker...-....---------- 354, 490
516

Page.

Milla ixioides, Baker......-----------+-+-+-- 490
Jaxa, Baker..-.-.----------+ e222 see 490
maritima, 8. Watson .-..-..----.---- 354, 490
peduncularis, Baker. -....--.---------- 490
MULLER .. 22 oe eee eee nee eee eee rene 448
Miltitzia, DC. .----.------6 0-22-22 eee eee eee 256
Nited: DO). occccceewseeereeses seeees 258
Mimulus cardinalis, Doug]. ..-.-.-..--------- 223
floribundus, Dougl. ...-..---------- 224
glabratus, HBK. ....-.------+----- 224
glutinosus, Thurb. ...-------------- 225

Jamesii, T. & G. «2-2 ---- eee eee 224

Lewisii, Pursh..-.....------------- 223

lnbeus) Ls: sccvawcneewesssew eerie 223, 224
montioides, Gray .----- ---+-- ---+ 20+ 225
moschatus, Dougl. ..---...--------- 224

pilosus, 8. Watson....-.------------ 225
primuloides, Benth. ...--..--------- 224
propinquus, Lindl. ...--.-----.---- 224

rubellus, Gray .-.------------+--- 225, 226
Mirabilis, L. 2.2.2... ..---- 02 eee ee eee 284, 474, 475
Californica, Gray.....-.-----+--- 284, 475

Jalapa, L. 2-202 2 eee eee eee eee 475
longiflora, Li ..2--.scsesseeees were 475
multiflora, Gray ..--..------------ A75
oxybaphoides, Gray ..--------.---- 475

triflora, Benth. ......-.-----+----. 475

Mitella pentandra, Hook. .......-..--. ------ 95
trifida, Grah. -.....-.- siiniarava alesis 95

Mnium affine, Bland. .....-..-.......--.---- 407
medium, Br. & Sch. -....-..-.-..---. 407
Monardclla, Benth. -.......-.-.----..------- 235
odoratissima, Benth. .....-.-.--.- 235

Moneses uniflora, Gray...... 222-2. ..+--..-0- 212
Monolepis, Schrad. ..-......... zfinteee Sass 288
chenopodioides, Moq. .....-..---- 288

pusilla, Torts s2ccescosees ecesces 289
spathulata, Gray...--...-----..-. 289
Mublenbergia glomerata, Trin. ....-....----. 378
monticola, Buckl. ..-.-...-.---- 378

paucifiora, Buckl. .......--..--- 378

sylvatica, T. & G. ..---.-2222- 378

Mulgedium pulchellum, Nutt. .........--..208, 422

MUSCR ons 2nsitichacog acces seuoeueeieteee sees 398
My celitit =)? ons nese eoueeeeedectegteweine 414
Myosotis tenella, Nutt. ........-. 202-2220 eee 243
Myosurus aristatus, Benth. -..............-4. 5
minimus, L. --........20ee cece cece 5
Myriophyllum verticillatum, L. ...-......--. 102
Myrrhisy Scope, icscsciiciemecueesciancecseed ciate 122
Bolanderi, Gray......---.------.+-. 123

occidentalis, Benth. & Hook. .......

SIN ATUATY A C8 A tapes ow ciciee el deedhy at nioderaiasSnivoconciaiene 337
WaMmai Tis: seietsiaios on nieicia.deusiacie srecinendocmncee 259, 460
Berlandieri, Gray...--..2.---2-.0-.00+ 460
biflora, Chois. ...... 02222. ..220e ec eee 460
Coulteri, Gray...-.. 2-22-2222 eee. wees 460
demissa, Gray...--.-. 222-2. 0222 eee 259, 460
dichotoma, Ruiz. & Pav. ...........-. 461
hirsuta, Mart. & Gal. ........2-0. 2006 461

 

INDEX.

Page.

Nama hispida, Gray .----.-----+-++------+- 259, 460
Jamaicensis, L. ..---.---------++- +++ 460
latifolia, Gray.. .----. .----- e+e eee eee 461
LObbii,. Grays: sosecssseerwesdescsac, AGL
origanifolia, HBK. ..-.---------.------ 461
rupicola, Bonpl. ..--...----.---------- 461

Sand wicensis, Gray..-.-.------------- 460
sericea, Willd. ...--.-.-----------+---- 461
undulata, HBK. .....--.----.-------- 460
Nasturtium lyratum, Nutt. ...-....-.-.------ 15
obtusum, Nutt. ......-----.----- 15

officinale, R. Br. ...-...--------- 15

palustre, DC. -..-...-.----------15, 16

sinuatum, Nutt. ...-----.---.---. 15

Navarretia Schottii, Torr. ...--..------------- 267
Negundo aceroides, Moench. .----..----.----- 52
Nemacaulis, Nutt. -...---.-...--..---------- 476
Nuttallii, Benth. ......-....-.-. 476

Nemophila parviflora, Dougl. .-.-...--.------ 249
pedunculata, Benth. ..---.....---- 249

Nepeta Cataria, L. .--.-.....- mi bnciarenietnm ater 236
Nicotiana attenuata, Torr. -...---.---.------ 276
Bigelovii, 8. Watson..........----. 276
ipomopsiflora, Dunal ....-.-..--.-. 276
noctiflora, Hook. .........--.-.---- 276
plumbaginifolia, Dunal .........-. 276

Nitella, Ag). onic cccccndeeeciticereetienccs 398
OPaCa AP... cco deena otaedtnite 398
Nitrophila, S. Watson ......--..------------- 297
occidentalis, 8. Watson........--. 297

Nostoc alpinum, Kiitz -....-.-..------------- 415
cristatum, Bailey ...--.....--...----- 415
Dickei, Sutherland .....-.....2-.--.. 415
Nuphar advena, Ait. ......---. 222-2022 -0-- 13
NYCTAGINACEM...----.----------- peibiovstaisic 284, 474
Nyctaginia, Chois. .... -.....----.-----.--.. 474
capitata, Chois. ...-..-.-.-....- 474

NY MPRVEA CE psa sick? aceeiecas cetiseat eccees 13
Obione, Geertn. -...-----.------ 2-2-2222. 289
acanthocarpa, Torr. .--.-.-.---..---- 290
argentea, Moq. ..-.-..----.--.-----. 290
canescens, Moq. .....--...----.----. 289
confertifolia, Torr. ..--.-....-...---- 289
hymenelytra, Torr. -........-....... 290
microcarpa, Benth. -................ 291
phyllostegia, Torr. ...........-...... 291

pusilla, Torr. -.......-. Sica aten 291

spinosa, Moq. ..---..-----..e--005 ... 290
Torreyi, 8. Watson.....-.....-..--.. 290

truncata, Torr. ..........2-2.2--2... ° 291

ODONTOSTEMONEA..-.-. 022-22 oe cece cece 439
Odontostemum Hartwegi, Torr. ............. 489
Ginothera albicanlis, Nutt. ...........2.2202. 106
alyssoides, H. & A. ..--2...-2.002. 11
Andina, Nutt. ....222......20. 000. 112
DIONNISy Tis. eaiecinscce6ni screenees 106
Boothii, Dougl. -.-.-.....22...022. 110
breviflora, T. & G. 2-2. eee. eee 109
brevipes, Gray .----.- 2. -eee ence eee 109

cespitosa, Nutt.
INDEX.

Pago.

Cnothora cardiophylla, Torr. ...-....-22. 0.4 109
chamenerioides, Gray........-.2..-. 112
claveformis, Torr, ...--....--22-02- 109

contorta, Hook, ........2. 2222-000. 112
coronopifolia, T. & G. ......--...- 106
deltoides, Torr. ........2......-... 107
densiflora, Lindl. ........-2....... 109

dentata, Cav. .--. 22. cee cena eeee 111
epilobioides, Nutt. ..-.-........0... 112

eximia, Gray ..--2. 22-22. scenes eee 108

glabella, Nutt. ....-2 22-22. 222. 222. 108
heterantha, Nutt. .-..........02.. 110
marginata, Nutt. ..-......--...... 108
micrantha, Hornem. .........-.... 111

montana, Nutt. ...-2. 2-22. .2222 ee 108

Nuttallii, T. & G: -.222 2222. eee. 110

parvula, Nutt. 0.20.22. eee eee ee 112
pterosperma, S. Watson............ 112
scapoidea, Nutt. ....-.2.22....-2.. “109

strigulosa, T. & G. -.--2. eee eee ee 112
tanacetifolia, T. & G. ...-......... 110

triloba, Nutt. ....- 2222.02. e eee 107

viminea, Dongl. ..--....---.------ 108
OLBACEM eos csrscccicecamemeewesevesee sss cece 283
ONAGRACER 2 2.2.< <ssesscscessosusesas sone tec 103
Onychium densum, Brackr. ....-- sien s tases 396
Opuntia; Tours. sececuseeccaend Sens Sans ccine 118
acanthocarpa, Eng, & Big. -....-.-- 120
arborescens, Eng. ....-.-----.------ 120
basilaris, Eng. & Big. ....--....---- 118
crinacea, Eng. & Big. ...........-.. 119

fragilis, Nutt. ....-..-----.....---. 119
frutescens, Eng. .........-------.-- 120
hystricina, Eng. & Big. -.......---- 119
Missouriensis, DC. ...........-.---. 118
pulchella, Eng. ...........--.------ 119

pubila; Nubby cemssiscs sswwss sos se sees 119
spherocarpa, Eng. & Big. .-.....--. 118
ORCHIDACESS ..--- 222-20 eee ene eee eee ee eee 340
Oreophila myrtifolia, Nutt. , ..---.-----.------ 50
OROBANCHACEE ...--- 20-226 0-2 2-0 eee e eee ee 215
Orobanche multiflora, Nutt. ..----...----2----. 215
Orogenia, 8S. Watson ..-.-------------+ s-+--- 120
linearifolia, 8. Watson -.....-.-.-.. 120
Orthocarpus, Nutt. ....-.---.---------+ eee 230, 457
attenuatus, Gray.-..---.-.----- 458

australis, Benth. ....-...-.--... 459

bracteosus, Benth. . ..---..----- 458

campestris, Benth. ......-.-.--.- 457
castilleioides, Benth. ...--.----. 459

densiflorus, Benth. -...--.-----. 458

erianthus, Benth. ........------ 457
faucibarbatus, Gray .-.--------- 457

floribundus, Benth. .--.-------- 457

gracilis, Benth. -...-.-..------- 457

hispidus, Benth. ..-....--.--.230, 458

imbricatus, Torr. ..-..--.------ 458

lacerus, Benth. -.-...-.----.--- 457

linearilobus, Benth. ....--..---. 459
lithospermoides, Benth. ....---- 457

 

517

 

 

Page.

Orthocarpus luteus, Nutt. ..........-22. 2. 231, 458
pallescens, Gray ....-.......--- 459

pilosus, 8. Watson ........... 231, 459
purpurascens, Benth. .-........ 458
purpureo-albus, Gray........... 458

pusillus, Benth. .-....... 22022. 457

tenuifolius, Benth. ...... ...... 458

Tolmiei, H. & A. .-.......... 230, 458
Orthotrichum anomalum, Hedw. ..........-. 402
Jamesianum, Sull. ............ 401

levigatum, Zett. -.-.......... 402

leiocarpum, .-.--- cee ee eee eee 402

obtusifolium, ...-..2......202. 401

occidentale, James .....-...... 402

rupestre, Schi. ..-.....--...... 402
strangulatum, -............... 402

striatum, L. -.-.---........... 402

Sturmii, H. & H. ............. 401

Texanum, Sull. .--.....-...... 401

Watsoni, James........-...... 401

Oryctes, 8, Watson ........ 0222-222 eee ee eee 274
Nevadensis, §. Watson...-...2...... 274
Osmorhiza brevistylis, DC. ............2..-. 122
nuda, Torr, .as002cses svewesexs.s 122

Ourisia Californica, Benth. ..--.. .......220-. 281
Oxybaphus, L’Her. ....-.---. 2... 22-2. ee 474, 475
aggregatus, Vahl...........---.. 475

albidus, Sweet ..--...----...-..- 475
angustifolius, Sweet. ...-. >. ---284, 475

coccineus, Torr. ...-...----- .--- 475

Freebelii, Behr. ..-.-..---.-.---- 475
glabrifolius, Vahl ......-.-...-.. 475

hirsutus, Sweet ..-...--.------.. 475
nyctagineus, Sweet 475

viscosus, L’Her. ...--..----....- 475

Oxyria digyna, Campd. ...-.---.---.-- Neisiejsis 313
Oxytheca, Nutt. ..-------------.---- ----310, 476
dendroidea, Nutt. ...--....--.2--. 310

foliosa, Nutt. ....---..-------.---- 311
perfoliata, T. & G. .----..---.---. 311

Watsoni, T. & G. ..-.-.-..22--.--- 311

Oxy tropis, DCs wasscncccevedcnicwsioncecce vee 446
campestris, L. ..---...---.-.---- 77,447

deflexa, DC. .-----.--.-----.----- 447

Lamberti, Pursh ...........-.---- 447

multiceps, Nutt. -....-..----.-... 446

nana, Nutt. -.--.--------- +--+. ---- 447
podocarpa, Gray .-....--.----.--. 447
splendens, Dougl. ....-...-..----. 447

Uralensis. L. ......-.----------+-- 447

viscida, Nutt. ..----..----- eee ene ee 7
Pachypodium integrifolium, Nutt. ...-....----. 25
laciniatum, Nutt. ...-----------. 25

sagittatum, Nutt. ..-...--.-.---- 25
Pachystima, Raf. ......----.---+.-++--+- ---- 50
Myrsinites, Raf. .....--.-------- 50

Palafoxia, Lag. .-----------+----+---0--+---- 424
linearis, Lag. ..-.-.---. .--------- 424

Panicum capillare, L. ...--..------.--------- 394
Crus-galli, L. ...-.------- -e----eeee 394
 
  

 

 

518 INDEX.
Pago. Page.
Panicum dichotomum, L. ......-.-----+--+-- 394 | Pentstemon heterophyllus, Lindl. ......... 222, 455
Pannaria Hypnorum, Delis. ..----...-.-----. 412 humilis, Nutt. ..---------+ +--+ 220, 454
PAP AVER A CRB oc ctcicdcrcvctvicic wintmrrinnerseeiusierereinns 13 Jamesii, Benth. -----.---------- 454
Parictaria Pennsylvanica, Mubl. ...--. .-.--- 321 Kingii, 8. Watson ...-...----- 222, 455
Parmelia conspersa, Ach. .....----.-----+ +--+ 412 letus, Gray .----------+ 2-62 --+- 455
olivacea, Ach. ..---.-----.- eee eeee 412 laricifolius, H. & A. ..-..------- 453
Parassia fimbriata, Banks......-.-.--..---- 97 linarioides, Gray ..-------------- 453
parviflora, DC. ....-..-----2.---- 97, 420 Menziesii, Hook. ...-..-.----- 216, 451
Paronychia pulvinata, Gray.-..--- 298 microphyllus, Gray...---------- 451
PARONMOHTBUE occ ccwe ceeewaremectioure mess 298 Murrayanus, Hook. .-.--.-.----- 452
Parrya, R. Br. ...--..--- no une epeesecueeaese 14 ovatus, Dougl. ..--- one e eee eee 454
macrocarpa, R. Br. ....-.-------+--+- 14 Palmeri, Gray..---- ---------- 220, 454
Pastinaca sativa, L. ..---- .- 2-2 ee eee eee eee 128 pruinosus, Dougl. -----.--.--- 221, 454
Pedicularis bracteosa, Benth. ...---.--------- 233 pubescens, Soland. ...--.------- 454
Greenlandica, Retz. ...--.---. +--+ 233 pumilus, Nutt. ..---.----------- 453
racemosa, Dougl. .----.---+----+- 234 puniceus, Gray..--------------+ 453
Pellwa Breweri, D. C. Eaton.-.-..----------- 395 Richardsonii, Doug]. .....-----. 455
densa, Hook. ...--------+ ee-eee eee eee 396 rostriflorus, Kell. ...--.---.----. 455
Peltigera aphthosa, Hoffm. ...-..---.+--+---- 412 secundiflorus, Benth. ...--..---. 452
canina, Hofim. ....-..----- +--+ --+- 412 speciosus, Dougl. .----- --------- 217
rufescens, Hoffm. ......----. .----- 412 spectabilis, Thurb. ....-.--.--.. 453
Pentachrophys, Gray..---..- sebiriebiereecn ese 474 stenophyllus, Gray .-..--. sisaieimete 453
Wrightii, Gray ..---.---.---- 474 strictus, Benth. ......--..------ 452
Pcntstemon, L’Her. ...-..------.------ +--+ ee 451 tenellus, Kell. -... ..--.-------- 455
acuminatus, Dougl. ..-..----- 218, 452 ternatus, Torr. ...--------+----- 452
albidus, Nutt. ...-..------------ 454 triphyllus, Dougl. ...--..--..--. 455
ambiguus, Torr. .-.--.----.----- 453 tubiflorus, Nutt. ..-.----.------. 454
antirrhinoides, Benth. .......-.. 451 venustus, Dougl. -.---.--.--.--- 455
attenuatus, Lindl. ....... -.---- 454 virgatus, Gray.-.---.----.------ 453
azureus, Benth. ...---.--------- 455 Whippleanus, Gray..---.---.--- 455
baccharifolius, Hook. ........--. 452 Wrightii, Hook. ....-...---.---. 453
barbatus, Nutt. --......---.--.. 452 | Petalonyx, Gray -----..---------------2- eee 421
breviflorus, Benth. .......--.. 217, 451 Thurberi, Gray .-.---.----------- 421
Bridgesii, Gray..-.------..----- 455 | Peucedanum, L. ..------.-2- + ---0 eee eee eens 128
ceruleus, Nutt. ...--. --...--- 218, 452 caruifolium, T. & G. ...-.. ---- 130
cespitosus, Nutt. ..---.------. 219, 453 dasycarpum, T. & G. ..--...--- 131
canoso-barbatus, Kell. .......-.- 455 feeniculaceum, Nutt. ........--. 129
carinatus, Kell. .....-.-....---- 455 graveolens, 8. Watson.....--. 128, 129
centranthifolius, Benth. ....-. 219, 453 -latifolium, Nutt. ...---.---.--.. 128
Cobeea, Nutt. .....--------2 0-0 454 macrocarpum, Nutt. -..-..----. 130
confertus, Dougl. .-.. --..---- 221, 455 millefolium, 8. Watson........- 129
cordifolius, Benth. ........-.--. 452 nudicaule, Nutt. ..-... .--..--. 130
corymbosus, Benth. .........--- 452 Nuttallii, 8. Watson.........--. 128
cristatus, Nutt. ...-.. -.....-- 219, 454 sativum, Benth. & Hook. ....-. 128
cyananthus, Hook. ......--.-.217, 452 simplex, Nutt. ..---. ..-.....-- 129
dasyphyllus, Gray..-.....-.---- 453 tomentosum, Benth. ..........--. 131
deustus, Doupl. ...--.---. 2... 221, 455 triternatum, Nutt. -..-....---.. 128
diffusus, Dougl. ...-...---..---- 455 villosum, Nutt. ....-... er - Ll
digitalis, Nutt. -......----.-...- 454 | Peziza stercorea, Pers. ...-...---- ene ReERecee 414
dissectus, Ell. ...-.. .---..-2--. 453 | Phaca australis, L. ......------. 2-2-0 ---- ee 446
Frémonti, T. & G. ..---. 22.22. 218, 452 debilis, Nuth, «nssicoscwices oeeucscescas 446
Gairdneri, Hook. ..-.....--..... 453 parvifolia, Nutt. ..---...--002....2... 446
glaber, Pursh ........-2...-.. 217, 452 | Phacclia aretioides, Torr. ......-.-. .----.--- 256
glandulosus, Lindl. ..-.-. ....-. 455 bicolor, Tort. .2-cicosccuxe segeée.eeen 255
glaucus, Grah. .-.-..--...---.221, 454 circinata, Jacq. ..--...--26. 20. eee 250
gracilentus, Gray.---..-..---. 222, 455 crassifolia, Torr. ........---.-.2-22. 255
grandiflorus, Nutt. ............- 452 crenulata, Torr. ..-.-.---. 222. ..20- 251
Hallii, Gray..-.- Semele 2o.e cemcciene: 454 curvipes, Torr. ..-... WSs emitter tee 252
Harbouri, Gray.......----.--.-- 454 Frémontii, Torr. ....-.....22....06. 253
heterander, T. & G. .....------+ 455 gymnoclada, Torr. .....-......... 255, 257
INDEX.

Page.

Phacelia humilis, T. & G. ..--...-.-..-..0005 250
integrifolia, Torr. .-...-....--...... 250
Ivesiana, Torr. ...... ...2..-..-22-- 254
Menziesii, Torr, .......-.. 022. .0220- 252
Palmer, DOr. cncccecwasmcems wees 251

Pusills, LOLs. swetesees gorccauee ses 253
rotundifolia, Torr. ................. 253

sericea, Gray...--. 1... .eeeee wee nee 252
tanacetifolia, Benth. ....---....-... 251

Phalaris arundinacea, L. ........--..-....--- 393
intermedia, Bose. ..........-..---++ 393
Phelipwa comosa, T. & G. ...--. eee. eee ee 215
erianthera, Eng. ......--.. ........ 215
Ludoviciana, Walp. ..-...-...-.... 215
Philonotis calcarea, Br. & Sch. ............-- 407
fontana, L. .....-222. -20. eee ene 407

- Phleum alpinum, L. ..-.....-2.. 002.2222 0224 375
pratense, L. .... 00... eee ee eee eee 375

Phlox Li, cocossmedeiesmsieon tence esas cone 462
adsurgens, Torr. ........----.-...---- 464
amoona, Sims ......-2.. 2-22 --- ee eee 462

bifida, Beck .......... pecs ciuianiariae sacs 463
bryoides, Nutt. .....,--..-.-...-.---- 463
cespitosa, Nutt. .........---..----. 259, 463

canescens, T. & G. ....--...---.----259, 463

divaricata, L. ..---..--.-.--.-------- 462
Douglasii, Hook. -.....-.-. ..-..--- 260, 463
Drummondii, Hook. .........-..--.-. 464
Floridaney, Gy ercecencee coe: ce ees shce 462
glaberrima, L. .....-..-..--..---.+--. 462
Hoodii, Richy secsccentcnsscn oe eesees 463
linearifolia, Gray.--...----.-22...-655 464
longifolia, Nutt. ..-...--..---2--4-. 260, 464
mMacllatay: Lik caccscnwcwes cameo ne deis - 462
muscoides, Nutt. ......-.-..--.6 00-05 463

mana; Natty seccmcrsscn somnce sex aceon 464

OValiay Lis ssocdonnctemee sersiecems omer 462
paniculata, L. ........-------.---+--- 462
pilosa, L. ..........- gb csiatarat Slater aruratty Sranavs 462
reptans, Mx. ...... -----+-e-s02cee-es 463
Richardsonii, Hook. ......-.--. .----- 463
Roemeriana, Scheele.......----------- 464
Sibinioas Dis soscewiecens cesses ence veces 463
speciosa, Pursh ......------------+-- . 464
Stellaria, Gray.......-..---0. 22 --+- 463
subulata, L. --.. .-.-2e- eee eee ee eee 463
Phenicaulis cheiranthoides, Nutt. .....-.---.--- 14
Phragmites communis, Trin. .----. --...--+- , 390
Physalis pubescens, Willd. .-.--.-----..----- 274
Physaria, Nutt. ..-... 2-0-2 - eee eee cone eee eee 20
didymocarpa, Gray ....---.---.---- 20

Physcia obscura, Nyl. ..-------------+-+--++- 412
stellaris, (L.) ....---------0e. eee eens 412
Physcomitrium pygmum, James........---- 404
pyriforme, ...---.-..-------- 404

Picrothamnus desertorum, Nutt. ...--.--------- 180
Pimpinella, L. ...--.-------222 eeee eee ee eee 121
apiodora, Gray ....----2.---+---+ 121

Pinus amabilis, Dougl. .....--.-------0------- 333
332

aristata, Eng. 0.0.2. eens eee ee cee e eee

 

 
  

519

Page.

Pinus Balfouriana, Murr. ............--2.2--- 331
Bolanderi, Parl. ...........222.2-..---. 330
commutata, Parl, ..-22. 202. cen eee ee ee 332
contorta, Dougl. ......--2....-2..0--05 330
Douglasti, Sabin....- 2.2... .00. 022 ea ee 334
OdGliS, Bg) <cecescess ceeg aiocencec sce 330
flexilis, James ..-... 0.22. .02202220024 332
grandis, Dougl. ...-.. ....-...-6- -- 334
Menziesii, Dougl. .......----.-- fewaeeeee 333
monophylla, Torr. ...-...----. .---0+-- 330
ponderosa, Dougl. .-..-....-...2222 006 331
Piptocalyx, Torr, -...--...22.-2022 2022.22. 240
circumscissus, Torr. ......-..---. 240

isonia, Vos sesensvwes os eese vekiccimieaed se seen 475
aculeata, L. ..-.--.. Leehposiieeae acts 475
obtusata, Sw. ...---. 0-2-2. ee eee eee 475
Placodium cerinum, Neg. & Hepp. .-....-.-. 412
elegans, Link: scescnsenesens coca 412

fulgens; DG. sccssceseeuer ses 412
vitellinum, Neg. & Hepp. ......-- 412
Plagiobotrys canescens, Benth. ..---..--------- 244
PLANTAGINAGH Mt ces syevakenkc es cmesaeseckes 212
Plantago Bigelovii, Gray ....-.---.----.----5 212
eriopoda, Torr. ......02-225 02-5 sooo 212
Patagonica, Jacq. .....---..----.-- 213

pusilla, Nutt. ..-.0...022.00-22252-- 213
Platanthera fetida, Gey. -......----+--------- 341
Platyspermum, Hook. ........--..----------- 20
scapigerum, Hook. ........-.. 20

Plectritis; Lind 2925 2sccectneseas ene <saces 136
congesta, DC, ........--...----- 136, 422
Pléeuraphis; Torts. 22.0 sscviesansewn we ccses cece 381
Jamesii; Torts canccassee ssov-cene 381

Poa alpina, Ly. sssene ses cssesenes seaeue cesses 386
Andina, Nutt. ........-..2---2-- e222 eee 388
annua, L. .......- isin ieminiains ee afeei eeieisere 385

- Grclied, RecBiiiececissecingis oe pipaewcwaaices 386
CPB ISM 5 Hciserseie sysiaisrarts winlaie w atelnieewiarniets 386
Eatoni, 8. Watson...-...---..---------- 386
flexuosa, Muhl. ..............00-------- 386
Hallii, Godet.... 22.2.2 .22220 een ee nee 386
Kingii, 8. Watson.....----. .-----.---- 387
laxa, Hanke ...-.. 202.2. 22-2 eee enone 386
nemoralis, L. ...22. ..eeee cece eee ee eee 386
serotina, Ebrh. 1.1.2.2... 222. e222 eeeene 386
tenuifolia, Nutt. .......--.-. aioe BR oeticigs 387
Peoonia, L. 2-220. 22ee cone eee cee eee cen se neee 12
Brownii, Dougl. ...-..-...-.--.-----+ 12
Polanisia trachysperma, T. & G. ..----------0- 34-
uniglandulosa, DC. ......---.------ 34
-POLEMONIACES ..-. 02-2022 cece ee ene nee 259, 462
Polemonium, Tourn. .....---..---.---+---- 462, 470
ceruleum, L, ..-.-..--------- 272, 470

confertum, Gray ....----.---- 271, 470

humile, Willd. .....----....---- 470

micranthum, Benth. .......-.. 272, 470

reptans, L. ...--..-.----..----- 470

viscosum, Nutt. -......-...----- 470

procumbens, Clairv. ......---.---- 89
pulcherrima, Lehm. ......-.....-- 87
 
 

  

 

520 INDEX.
Page.

Polyantherix Hystria, Nees...-.. 2-222. .2-02--5 391 | Pottia cavifolia, Ehrh. ......---------------+
POLYGALACEZ...-. avait siaw cs celedieeiciseeeiate ce 416 Heimii, Hook. ..-... -..--..----------
POLYGONACEED iocciise scene: sees cena wince 298 subsessilis, Schwg. ..--.------.-------
Polygonatum giganteum, Dietr. .........---- 346 truncata, Br. & Sch. ....-..----------
Polygonum amphibium, L. .....-..-..-..----- 316 | Primula Parryi, Gray......---.---------+-----
aviculare, L. .....--------------- 815. | PRIMULACE 2 escsjeic cze caece cose ceeeeees see
BistOr tas Lipe stsiecis vncsiscinmiisusinereete 317 | Prionopsis, Nutt. -.-...--26 --0-- 2202-2 eee eee
coarctatum, Dougl. ......---.---- 316 | Prosartes Hookeri, Torr. -...--...--.--------
confertifolium, Nutt. ...-...-..... 316 trachyandra, Torr. ...-.-----------
Convolvulus, L. ...-.. ------ +--+ 317 trachycarpa, 8. Watson......-..---
imbricatum, Nutt. ....--.----- +--+ B16 | Prosopis, Lic. osiseicsceewienwcice ccc ceewenmcicce
lapathifolium, Ait. ........-..--. 317 cinerascens, H. & A, .....-.--..---
minimum, 8. Watson .......-.--- 315 glandulosa, Torr. .....-..--.------+
Persicaria, L. ....---.-..-------- 316 pubescens, Benth. -....-....-------
polymorphum, Ledeb. ......-..-- 317 | Protococcus nivalis, Ag. .....-.. ------------
ramosissimum, Mx, ...... ---.---- 315 | Prunus Andersouii, Gray ..-..---------------
tenue, Mx. ..-..-..--..-2-------- 315 demissa, Walp. ....-...-----.---- +--+
viviparum, L, --...-.. ------+.-- 317 emarginata, Walp. ....-. ----..-.----
Polypodium vulgare, L. ..---. ....------. +++ 395 minutiflora, Eng. ...... ......--.----
Polypogon Monspeliensis, Desf. .......--.---- 378 Virginiana, L. .....----.------.-----
Polytrichadelphus Lyallii, Mitt. ,........---- 408 | Psathyrotes, Gray...--. -----.--..- +--+ ----6-
Polytrichum juniperinum, Dill. ...........-.- 408 annua, Gray..---..-.--.+.------
piliferum, L. ......-..---------- 408 | Pseudoleskea catenulata, Schl. -....----...--
PONTEDERIACE ..---. +22. sees ee eee eee ee 359 | Psoralea lanceolata, Pursh....-...--.-..-----
Populus angustifolia, James......---.---. +--+ 327 | Ptelea angustifolia, Benth. .......--.-..-----
balsamifera, L. ...--. --------+----- Sef) Pteris-aquilina, Lis sess cues sese cece ceeecieos
Canadensis, Desf. .......-...--..---- 327 | Pterospora Andromedea, Nutt. ..--.. ....----
candicans, Ait. ..---. .-2------200--- 327 | Pterostegia, F. & M. ...-....-.-.-.----.-----
monilifera, Ait. .........--..-...--- 327 drymarioides, F. & M. ......-.--.-
tremuloides, Mx. .......-..---.-.-.. 327 macroptera, Benth. ........-.-..
trichocarpa, Torr. ........-.-, ..--+- 328 | Ptilophora nutans, Gray ..--..-.----- +2220 eee
Portulaca oleracea, L. ..---.---. .--------e-e 42 | Puccinia brunnea, J. S. Billings...-...... 2...
PORTULACAGIA -.<.n.e.c.ccaic mapas. aise wdinni.ndiardveieinie 42 Gayophyti, J.8. Billings........---.
Potamogeton cespitosus, Nolte ......---..--- 338 rugosa, J. S. Billings ......-.....---
Siliformis, Nolte ...... +... 22-06 $39 | Purshia, DC: qesccseaeegieecscee cece cr aiehts
gramineus, L. .-.-.....--..-..- 337 tridentata, DC. ....-..-.....2-..---
lonchites, Tuck. .......---..--- 337 | Pyrola chlorantha, Swartz............-------
Marinus), Vos gees ces eicniceindiewices 339 rotundifolia, L. ...-....--..----.+----
natans, Ds wseess zscecee. exces 387 BECUNGAs [as cai cocannivey wcwceecde asics
pectinatus, L. ........220-.2.6e 338 | Pyrrocoma, Hook. ........---.-----+----. 0+
perfoliatus, L. ....-. -..-.-.--- 337 paniculata, T. & G. ..-.- 222. e eee
pusillas; Lis cosccs eoensneeacsee 338 | Pyrus sambucifolia, Ch. & Sch. .......--.----
rufescens, Schrad. ..........--. 337 | Quercus alba, L. ...-..-.22.22220 cece eens cece
zosteraceus, Fries...........--- 338 Douglasii, Hook. ...............--.-
Potentilla Anserina, L. ..---. 0.022. . e000 enee 89 obtusiloba, Mx. ...... -20--- 2550-5
arguta, Pursh ........ iohees aes 89 stellata, Wang. ........-2. .0-2-. eee
diversifolia, Lehm. .............-.86, 87 | Radula complanata, Dumort. ...--...-.-..-..
fastigiata, Nutt. ........ pelelaletteams 88 | RANUNCULACE HD .-- 20. eee ceeeecee cee eee ise
fruticosa, L. ....-.........-.-.--.- 89] Ranunculus adoneus, ( amonus,) Gray ..-----.
glandulosa, L. .....-..---.-2-----. 89 MHININ; Re Br. sacs n cece scarce
gracilis, Dougl. ...... ...-.....02+ 88 alismefolius, Gey. ..--.........-
millegrana, Eng. .....----.....-.+ 85 Andersonii, Gray...-.......-...-
Newberryi, Gray..-.....-......--. 91 aquatilis, L. .... 2... ..2.2. eee eee
DIV04j Lay enisemecieceace gpk Giiheieeebuseace 87 auricomus, L. --.. ..--.. 2s. eens
Norvegica, L. ....-2.-.--e2.eeeeee 85 Cymbalaria, Pursh..............
Nuttallii, Lehm. ............ 222-2 88 digitatus, Hook, .......2.....0.-
Pennsylvanica, L. ....-....... 004+ 86, 87 divaricatus, Schrank ............
Plattensis, Nutt. ................- 87 divaricatus, Gray ...... dewinieterergeis
rigida, Nutt. ...-2. 2.2... .---- ceeee 88 Lischscholtzii, Schl. ...... 2.0202.
Soongarica, Bunge..............+ - 8 fascicularis, Muhl, .............-

Page.
398
399
398
398

420
420
415
79
80
79
420
£0

50
395
212
477
AT7

211

WODAODNRNAANWWOW
Page.

Ranunculus Flammula, L. .........2.. 262-2. 7
glaberrimus, Hook. ......-...--. 8

limosus, Nutt. ...-.2- 00202. ..00-. 8
macranthus, Scheele .....-.....- 9

multifidus, Pursh ......-...--.-- 8

MVS) Ry Bes cepted caesarean 8
orthorhynchus, Hook. ..-... .... 9

repens; Ly. casjcsecweeseceee ute ratctate 9
sceleratus, Li; sos cesess seen yess 8

RHAMNB A 2 occvsiistcrs dang peices eemeretene tess 51
Rhus aromatica, Ait. ...--..--20.....2022-5-- 53
Glabrae, Ts. was cncxa cee soe hereemeeeees 52, 419
Toxicodendron, L. .....-.--...--------- 53
trilobata; Nutt: ccm seescciss sessemenence 53
Ribes aureum, Pursh....-....-..-.---------- 100
bracteosum, Dougl. ........-...------. 99
cereum; Dough 2: .scvccssseeseeeee eens 99

glutinosum, Benth. .... -.--. --.-.----- 100
hirtellum, Mx. ........2. 002020 ceeeenee 97
irriguum, Dougl;. cc22%. c2seee cet coecas 98
lacustre, Poir. ....--..-9-s..5- +--+ +-+-98, 99
leptanthum, Gray....-..-..----------- 98
malvaceum, Sm. .........--.-.-.---.-. 100
prostratum, L’Her, ......--..-.-.----. 99
sanguineum, Pursh ...-. aupaaisermegtctercie 100
setosum, Dougl. ......---.------------- 99
viscosissimum, Pursh......----.------» 100
Riccia crystallina, L. ...-...--.-.----------- 411
glauca; Ly, .ss2cs scence wean eres sees 4i1
Rigiopappus, Gray ..---..--------++----- +--+ 176
leptocladus, Gray ...--.--.----- 176

Rinodia sophodes, (Ach., Nyl.) -.-.----------- 413
Robinia Neo-Mexicana, Gray.----.-.--------- 419
Rosa blanda, Ait. -..--.-.--22--------------- 91
fraxinifolia, Bork. ....-:..------------- 92
RUBIACEE ..---. 22-2 eee e nee eee eee eee 134
Rubus lencodermis, Dougl. ..----.-----+----- 82
Nutkanus, Mog. ....---------- +--+ +--+ 81
strigosus, Mx. ..-.-- .---------+------ 82, 420
Rudbeckia occidentalis, Nutt. ...-.---------- 168
Rumex aquaticus, L. .----.------------------ 314
Britannica, L. .--.----.---- ------ +--+ 314
Engelmanni, Ledeb. ...-..------------ 314
hastatulus, Bald. ....-...------------ 314
hastulatus, Sm. -.-.------2----------- 315
longifolius, DC. ..-.-----.----+---+-- 314
maritimus, L. -...--..--------------- 314
paucifolius, Nutt. ..-.-----.---------+ 314
salicifolius, Weinm. .... -----.-+----- 314
venosus, Pursh ......---------+---+-- 313
RUTACER ...--.---- 20 eee ce eee cee eee ce enee 50
Sagina Linnwi, Pres] ..---.---..-- ---- seioses AL
nivalis, Fries -....------.---+---+---- 42
Sagittaria variabilis, Eng. ..---...---------- 340
Salazaria, Torr. ....---.---0----- eee eee ees 287
Mexicana, Torr. .....------------- 237
SALICACEAE .. 2-2-2 2 ee ee ee cece ee ee eee eee ee B24
Salicornia fruticosa, L. .....-.----------+---- 294
herbacea, L. .... ----20------- +--+ 293

Salix artica, R. Br. ...--.-----22 eeeeee errr 326

66

 

 

 

Page.
Salix cordata, Muhl. ..............-.-------- 324
el ONC Vis. 6 de 2 nscesa diaisnsieidse sian esobcec 325
Hindsiana, Benth. ........-. .--------- 324
longifolia, Muhl. ...-...--...--- ee eeiee 324
phlebophylla, And. ..--..-.---.-------- 326
Teticulitay Lis ccccssc vince saeeeeaaee 82E
Salsola depressa, Pursh ....-.-.----.-----+ +++ 294
linearis, Ell. .---.-- eaitieS Sewsdeaeeee 295
Salvia Columbariz, Benth. ..---...---...----- 235
Sambucus Canadensis, L. ..--.. .--.--------- 134
glauca, Nutt, sosassencesmedsnercce 134
pubens Mx. .cccss ceeceeae ren cues 133
Tacemosa, Li. cxeccueeeepeacieeeecs 133
Samolus Valerandi, L. -....-.-.----- ---- +--+ 214
BSANTALACEAD seis saa: scacae seg eeecceeeress ccs 319
SAPINDACEZ ..-... Secetd epee pantie ceaeae 52
Saponaria Vaccaria, L. .......--..---------- 36
Sarcobatus, Nees ......---. .----- ee e222 eee 295
vermiculatus, Torr. .....-...----- 295
Satureia hortensis, L. ...-.. averreiernonniid eterna 235
SAURURACR Wi eicoeccicieertrsenseieeitie theremin 426
Saxifraga adscendens, L. ......-..----------- 93
estivalis, Fisch, .....----.--------- 94
cespitosa, L. .--22. --- ee eee eee 93, 420
controversa, Sternb. ..-.-...-- 93
flagellaris, Willd. ....-..------.--- 94
integrifolia, Hook. ....-..----.---- 93
Hivahig be... ccnecsousaeoced eeenes 93
punctate; Le ccowasaanse ceceecere 94
Tivularis;. Dis sc ccmewes cases sess 93
Virginiensis, Mx. ..---. .----------- 93
SAXITRAGR Ms scce cece ns eceigge ewes sauce 93
Schoberia, C. A. Mey. .-..-.------- +--+ ----- 295
occidentalis, 8. Watson......-.--- 295
Schollera graminea, Willd. ..---.-.----. ---- 359
Scirpus maritimus, L. ...-...------------ +--+ 360
microcarpus, Presl ...--. ------------ 360
Nevadensis, 8. Watson...--...------- 360
Torreyi, Olney ..-....--------------- 360
validus, Vahl ...-...-.-------- +--+ 360
Sclerochloa Californica, Munro ......---.---. 388
Scrophularia nodosa, L. ...-..-----+---+++-+- 216
SCROPHULARIACLE ..---. .----- seeeee ences 215
Scutellaria Drummondii, Benth. ...--.--.----- 237
galericulata, L. ..---..-----.----+ 237
resinosa, Torr. ....- acre matclesinisnieers 237
Sedu debile, 8. Watson ...--. .--------+-++- 102
rhodanthum, Gray ...-.-------------- 101
Rhodiola, DC. ..---..-----------+ +++ 101
stenopetalum, Pursh .-.--.-.--------+ 101
Torreyi, Don .-..-- +--+ 22 eee e ee eee 102
Selaginella rupestris, Spring .-----------+---- 397
Selinocarpus, Gray .----------------++--++--- 474
angustifolius, Gray .----.------ 47
chenopodioides, Gray ---------- 474
diffusus, Gray ---.----.---+----- 474
Selinum, L. ...-...----- -+---+ 2-2-2 ee rere 126
capitellatum, Benth. & Hook. ...-.. 126
Kingii, 8. Watson .-.--.----------- 126
Senecio amplectens, Gray.-.--.--------++--+: 192
522

 

Page.
Senecio Andinus, Nutt. ...... .-.-- ---.----- 189
BAB OU Ss Mey sasSainin dense iene eros eee oe, 189
canus, Hook. ..---...--------+--5 +++ 190
eremophilus, Rich. ...-....---- .----- 191
exaltatus, Nutt. ..---. .----+----.---- 188
Fendleri, Gray..---. .----.------++ 190, 422
filifolius, Nutt: .csso0 snssesssccse sees 191
Frémontii, T. & G. ......-----0+ +--+ 192
hydrophilus, Nutt. ..--....---------- 189
multilobatus, T. & G. ...-..-....---. 191
Jugens, Rich, siccicg cain asiewnnieweicne 188
Berra OO kei cseteuiesicjerronrstestemve ees 189
triangularis, Hook. .........---...-- 189
Sesuvium Portulacastrum, L. ..-.-...---.---. 120
Setaria viridis, Beauv. ....-..----.-----.---- 394
SUD CTL) ASCH son cise Ree cain aid. cis,cedemceimisieesecisibie 490
CPOCEGs W000 ne jninie,o:eicinseiceimieeetas.ccee 490
Shepherdia argentea, Nutt. ........-.---..---. 318
Canadensis, Nutt. ..--.. -....---- 318
Sibbaldia procumbens, L. ..---...-.--+-+ sears are 89
Sida hederacea, Torr. ....-.-.--------.---+-- 48
malveflora, DC. ..---...---+.----2 eee ne 46
Sidalcea, Gray << .2<0400<6 tacdesseseeesesieeins
candida, Gray 202 coscaie seen cece eciee
malveeflora, Gray
SELON G) ity cp Sinieid sic rartiors: areiaicrn arniors sate saictemreraccloins
PUCAUULAS cis sicray sie G yaimeShehtiyae tani ostenaleees fae 36, 432
SGEPHING): Woe, ov c2.ccc ideas, tatlanitis 36, 432
Baldwinii, Nutt. ...-..-.....-2---.---- 431
Bolanderi, Gray..---..---..--2------- 431
Bridgesii, Rohr. ........2.....-..0--. 432
Californica, Dur. ...-.. 2.222.222.2240. 431
Douglasii, Hook. ..--.. ..222........36, 431
. Drummondii, Hook. ...... 0.2.2.2... 37, 432
Engelmanni, Rohr. ...... .-.--2. 0022+. 432
GRO SEU, | GTA rsa ierrenveoreaycenocere as 431
Hookeri, Nutt. ...-.....22. .22e 2 eee 431
INCOM Pta, GAY 2 :.c5.ceee waewcnries anes 432
laciniata, Cav. ...... Srandebt sic onsrarsionserersie 431
Menziesii, Hook. ..--........-...... 36, 432
MLV GOs DO es Scien aiSininseialarddysinrara ceclate 431
ovata; Pursh occ ws.cee een adecune seniens 432
Pennsylvanica, Mx. ...........220 02-5 431
TOGA, SUMS secs aula st eeerccid caren 431
rotundifolia, Nutt. .............22---. 431
Sconleri, Hook. ..--....22...22202- 002. 432
stellata, Ait. ...-2. 0222. ..2222. fee 432
Wrightii, Gray ...... 02.2... 0. eee 431
SILENER ............ pojetershenseniie ts ‘sae ciakadied 430
DIMES, POTS, asc acw aeclennad uae esac cindy mcinie 423
canescens, Gray ..-.-.- 2.0.2.0. .2.. 423
SUNOS 5 Ais ca css sotasa sraiaisiodivermjeia sears ee Gocco 28
Sitanion elymoides, Raf. ..........2.....-22... 391
Sisymbrium Californicum, 8. Watson ........ 23
canescens, Nutt, :..-.......222. 23
junceum, Bieb. ................ 23
reflecum, Kell. ...-.....222--2-- 18
Sisyrinchium Bermudiana, L. ............... 342
grandiflorum, Dougl. .......... 342
Sium angustifolium, L. ...2.. .220. ec eee cece 121

 

INDEX.

Page.

Sium lineare, Mx. ..--...----5 ----seeecc ence 121

Smelowskia, Meyer....-..----..----+ -ee----- 24

Californica, Gray ..---..----- +--+ 23

calycina, Mey. ..---..----------- 24

Smilacina amplexicaulis, Nutt. ...-..----.---. 345

racemosa, Desf. ...---.-....------ 345

stellata, Desf. -...-..-..-.---.---- 345

SOHANA CHAD: <.aincarcrmniciarcicncinisieticineneramrasarsiaielavaicie 274
Solanum nigrum, L. .........22..-.2-5.20+-- 27

umbelliferum, Esch. .-..-.-.------. 274

Solidago elongata, Nutt. ...-....---.---.---- 155

PACA TOs ANTS cccacicicnicicie sie semrsternretie 156

Guiradonis, Gray ......---.-.------- 154

WanGeOlata, Die in occ eceicicn secewcvomenee 156

TADS, NU, .oeicec cree acieeciarecwareecieie 155

nemoralis, Ait. ..... .---.-----.---. 155

occidentalis, T. & G. -...--..------- 156

PUM; Py So Ge -seccscine-cecaiconoseee: BSD:

Radiila; NUtts va2c oa: cneiccie e:cetdieve sac 155

speciosa, Nutt. .........--.--2..--- 155

StTictay Alte secees sosebe com cjesieremies. 154

Virga-aurea, L. ...-.----------- 0-06 154

Sonchus asper, Vill. ....-... .-2- eee ee ee ee ee 208

Sparganium eurycarpum, Eng. ..--.......-.. 337

minimum, Bauh. ....-....-..... 337

Spartina gracilis, Trin. ..-.....-.--.......... 381

Specularia perfoliata, DC. ............--..-.. 209

Spergularia media, Pres] ......-...----...-.. 42

Sphenosciadium capitellatum, Gray .......---+- 126

Spheralcea, St. Hill. ....-..----. 0202.2 ce eee 48

acerifolia, Nutt. ..-. 2... -.....-- 48

angustifolia, Spach. -........... 48, 417

Emory, Wore. sencex wescaxenenise 48

Fendleri, Gray..--...--.--..... 48, 417

incana, Torr. ....-.......-..47, 48,417

Lindheimeri, Gray .............. 48

Wrightii, Gray --.. 02-0 ...0 20 cee 48

Spirea ariwfolia, Sm. .-.........2.222.22---- 81

cespitosa, Nutt. ....-2.....2......--. 81

dumosa, Nutt. ..-.2.-.....2.222222-.. 80
OpOlitohiay Th cconmmimegscciemaecccete BO
Spiranthes Romauzoffiana, Cham. ....... .... 341
Sporobolus airoides, Torr. .... 0... --2-ee22 eae 375
asperifolius, Thurb. ..-.........-.. 375
eryptandrus, Gray ..--2. 2.0.0.2. 375

ramulosus, Kth. ..2.2....022. 020 eee 376

Spraguea, Torr. 2.2.2.2... 00000. ceceee cee 44
paniculata, Kell. ...... 2.222220... 44
umbellata, Torr. ...... 2.2.22. 022205 44

Stachys palustris, L. .......2.2....202.0000-e 237
Stanleya, Nutt. .... 222... eee e ee eee cece cece 24
JSruticosa, Nutt. .......20. cle eee 24
heterophylla, Nutt. ..........002 22-5 24
integrifolia, James... 22.22 eee eee 24
pinnatifida, Nutt. -.....00......2.. 2
viridiflora, Nutt. ...22. 2.22.0... 00. 25

Stellaria borealis, Big. .........0..20....0-.. 38, 39
crassifolia, Ehrh. ...... 22... .0e00. 38, 417

gracilis, Rich. .... 0.2.00 cee cee eee 39

Jamesii, Torr. .....2.....220020022. 38
 

INDEX. 523

Stellaria Kingii, §. Watson eS os Page.
sl, S. Watson... ---.-+.2..-. 39 | Suda Moquini, Torr. ..........-...--2-2 02+ 295

longipes, Goldie............2.2..... 38 prostrata; Palle .-cne. taeswiieeuenmeos 294
umbellata, Turez. .-....2..2...22--- 38. SWOlla, dai concnnemeguun neue tenet eee icone 280
Stegnocarpus, Torr. ...... Relate see iS diccscpeicicie 247 perennis, Di, cxcssentesstiwereenteest 280
canescens, Torr. ......-----....-. 247 | Symphoricarpus glaucescens, Hook. ....-.----- 133

Stenotus, Nutt. memes Sees geeeeia todas Simic 158 microphyllus, HBK. -....... 133
acaulis, Niabity gees sihc nie tciou cnc sewver 161 montanus, HBK. ...--...... 182
caspitosus, Nutt. ...... Sciapeic conse 161 rotundifolius, Gray--.--.----- 133
Stephanomeria, Nutt. ........222.-..2....--. 197 | Synthyris pinnatifida, 8. Watson ....-..-.-.. 227
exigua, Nutt. .--.-..-....... 198 | Talinum pygmeum, Gray .-......----.--26+- 42

minor, Nutt. ..-....---2..--. 197 | Tanacetum canum, D. C. Eaton..---.....---- 179

myrioclada, D. C. Eaton...... 198 diversifolium, D.C. Eaton.......- 180

paniculata, Nutt. -...-....... 198 | Taraxacum Dens-leonis, Desf. ........-..--. 206

pentacheta, D. C. Eaton. .199, 422 palustre, DC. .........-2....-4-- 206

runcinata, Nutt. ......------. 197 phymatocarpum, Vahl .......... 207

Stipa ciliata, Scheele.........-. cise ymavokuncueeeei 380 | Tayloria splachnoides, Schl. .......----.---- 404
COMMALA, TLDs, -5ic:5 scence secdedimcmaccue 360)| Wellimia, ROBLES. csc noc ocusiesiceeoensiwisiod ware 97, 449
leucotricha, Trin. ....-.-.-..---2.+---- 380 grandiflora, Dougl. -.......-..--.-- 449
Mongolica, Turez. ...--. .-.-----.----- 381 parviflora, Hook. ...-..-..---..--- 94, 449
Neesiana, Trin. ....-----. 22-22-22. 380 tenella, Benth. & Hook. ......-..-. 95, 449
occidentalis, Thurb. ..---. .----..----- 380 | Tessaria, Ruiz & Pav. ...--..-..--..-------- 422

PON MA A; Ds sc aye to Secu eee eels 381 borealis, T. & G. ..-. 2-20-22. 2---. 422
setigera, Pres] --.-..------------------ 380 | Tesseranthium radiatum, Kell. ...--...-------- 280
SPartOas TTIM,, -nccmseciecwmvicmncwiadieniean 379: | Tetradymia, DC we 225 nisin nc odie ce siediccee cineie 193
viridula, Trin. ---2..-.-. -...--..----. 380 canescens, DC. ocecceccecs veces 193
Streptanthus, Nutt. ...-......---------.---- 19, 429 glabrata, T. & G. ..-.----..---- 193
angustifolius, Nutt. ....-..----- 18 inermia, Nutt. 22.22. 02.20. .-0e-- 193

arcuatus, Nutt. ..---.----.----- 18 Nuttallii, T. & G. ....---..----. 194

bracteatus, Gray -.-..--..----. 429 spinosa, H. & A. ...---------- 194, 422

Breweri, Gray.--.---.----.---- 429 | Thalictrum alpinum, L. ....-...--.-...----- 4

carinatus, Wright ......-.-.--. 429 clavatum, Hook. ....----.-------- 4

cordatus, Nutt. .....----- 19, 416, 429 Fendleri, Eng. ....-.-.--.------- 4

Coulteri, Gray ..--------------- 27 megacarpum, Torr. .....-.-..---- 5

crassicaulis, Torr. .....----.---- 27 sparsiflorum, Turcz. ....-.------- 4

flavescens, Hook. .----..----- 25,430 | Thamnosma, Torr. & Frem. ..-..-.-----.---+ 418

flavescens, Torr. ..---.+----.--- 25 montanum, Torr. & Frem. ..-... 418

glandulosus, Hook. .--.--..----- 430 | Thaspium trifoliatum, Gray.....--.--..------ 125
heterophyllus, Nutt. -.....---. 25,430 | Theloschistes parietinus ...--..----,-- ----- 412

heterophyllus, Gray ..---------- | Thelypodium, Endl. ...-.-.--.---.---------- 25

hispidus, Gray .-.-...----.---- 430 brachearpum, Torr. ...-..----. 26
hyacinthoides, Hook. .......... 429 flavescens, 8. Watson.--.-.--.- 25

linearifolius, Gray..-..--------- 25 integrifolium, Endl. ..--....--. 25

longifolius, Benth. -...----.---- 25 lJaciniatum, Endl. ..-.....----. 26

maculatus, Nutt. ..-.-.-------- 429 linearifolium, Gray..--..------ 25

inicranthus, Gray seas Serer a vera ays 95 longifolium, S. Watson .--.-.-. 25

platycarpus, Gray--...-....---- 429 Nuttallii, 8. Watson.......-.-- 26

polygaloides, Gray ....---..--- 430 pinnatifidum, 8. Watson. .----- 25

procerus, Brew. ..---------+---- 27 sagittatnm, Endl. ...--..----- 25

repandus, Nutt. ...--..------- 430 | Thermopsis fabacea, DC. ..---..----.-------- 53

sagittatus, Nutt. ..---.-------- 26 montana, Nutt. ...-.------------- 53

tortuosus, Kell. ..--...---..--- 429 | Thlaspi alpestre, L. .-.----.------------+--+- 31

virgatus, Nutt. ..---...-------- 18 cochleariforme, DC. ...-------------- 31

Streptopus amplexifolius, DC. .--------.----- 345 Fendleri, Gray -----------+---2-+--+-- 31
Strombocarpa, Beuth. ....-..-----------+--++- 420 | Thysanocarpus, Hook. ..---..--------------- 31
pubescens, Gray....------------ 420 crenatus, Nutt. .-.----.----- 31

Stropholirion, Torr. .-.--. ------++------- 5+ 353 curvipes, Hook. ..-----------+ 31
Californicum, Torr. ..---- .----- 489 elegans, F. & M. ------------ 31

Suda depressa, Ledeb. .-.-.--.---- ---+---- 294 laciniatus, Nutt. -....--.---- 31
fruticosa, Forsk. ..---.-.-------- +++ 294 oblongifolius, Nutt. ....------- 31

294 pulchellus, F. & M. -.---.---. 31

maritima, Dumort. ...--.-+-.--------
 
 

  

 

524 INDEX.
Page. Page.
Thysanocarpus pusillus, Hook. .--.-.-------- 31 | Valeriana dioica, L. .----. .-----+ -----1 ----5- 136
radians, Benth. ......-..---- 31 edulis, Nutt. ....-.----------+---+-+ 136
Tillwa angustifolia, Nutt. ...-- : 101 sylvatica, Rich. ..-. ------+-+--+---- 136
Timmia megapolitana, Hedw. .---- iseoaunieseeecets 408 | VALERIANACES -.-.-.---- Seem eee RES 136
TiGuilid, Pers: +... .esn0cxees sass Geese 247 | Vaseya, Thurb. .----------------0--- see 2 eee 378
brevifolia, Nutt. ...2....2--e+ee2-0 247, 248 comata, Thurb. --....------++--+---- 378
Tithonia, Desf. .-.. -.....2-.--022 se eee eee 423 | Veratrum album, L. .-..-.------------------ 344
argophylla, D. C. Eaton ....------- 423 Californicum, Dur. .-..-.---------- 344
Townsendia, Hook. ......-----.-.----++----- 145 Eschscholtzii, Gray -.--------------- 344
scapigera, D. C. Eaton..---.---- 145 Lobelianum, Banks ....-.---------- 344
strigosa, Nutt. .-.-..-----.----- 145 viride, Ait, ...--. .2---. eee eee eee 344
Tradescantia Virginica, L. ..-.-.------------ 359 | Verbascum Thapsus, L. ...--.-.------------- 215
Tricardia, Torr, 2sc2vecsessevess sees soos wees 258 | Verbena bracteosa, Mx. ...-...------------- 234
Watsoni, Torr. ..---.-. 258 hastatay Le cuss sass seocecec yee ssees 234
Trifolium Andersonii, Gray.-.--.------------ 60 | VERBENACE A. ----. 2-2 22+ 0220 ee eee ees eee ene 234
Andinum, Nutt. ..--- sc orwiararanaicerataiateis 60 | Veronica alpina, L. ..---.-.--------------- 227
cyathiferum, Lindl. ...---..--..--- 62 Americana, Schwein. ......---.-- a2 BOF
dasyphyllum, T. & G. ....-....--- 60 Anagallis, Li sieses wens seexceseeese 227
fimbriatum, Lindl. -.......---.---- 61 peregrina, L. ..-....----.-+---+---- 228
gymnocarpon, Nutt. ..-.-.---.---- 62 serpyllifolia, L. -.---..--.----+------ 228
Kingii, S. Watson....-....---.---- 59 | Vesicaria didymocarpa, Hook. .-..-.-....----- 20
longipes, Nutt. ....--------.------ 59 montana, Gray .....------+--------- 20
microcephalum, Pursh ........-.. 61 Vicia Americana, Mubl. ...........--.-----. 78
MAMI, DOPE, ocrcinvisieimsere, serscieieneisiene 59 | Vilf@ airoides, Trin. ..cc00seece% seceecsewees 375
obtusiflorum, Hook. .....--.-------- 61 asperifolia, Nees & Mey. ..---.-.------- 375
Parryi, Gray.-.--- ---.------------ 61 eryptandra, Torr. .....-----------.---- 375
subcaulescens, Gray...------------ 59 Cuspidata, Torts ssecsciscessucsvosswess 376
variegatum, Nutt. --..--..-...---- 61 depauperata, Torr. ....-.-.-...---- 1... 376
Triglochin maritimum, L. ....--.-----.------ 340 ramulosa, HIB) 2:jc2ccaosmee cece cca 376
palustre, L. .-..---.-------------- 340 | Villarsia pumila, Griseb. ...-..-.-.-.-.------ 281
Trisetum subspicatum, Beauv. .-....---.---- 392 | Viola Beckwithii, T. & G. ....-.....-..----- 35
Triteleia grandiflora, Lindl. ...-..------..----- 354 Canadensis, Dircsccrccccvwsicccicncsccs, SB
Triticum egilopoides, Turcz. ...-------------- 390 CANINA A. <ocrierccnecnancsrienes BA
CANINUM Dy: scssee seseeaseeeeniee<s 390 Cucullivta, Alby cca spree werewiennwwiescarian 34
repens, L. ..---. sisi aessere ees 390 delphinifolia, Nutt. .....-.---.-.---.-. 35
strigosum, Steud. ...--...---..----- 399 Nuttallii, Pursh .... ....-.-...-...-. 35, 416
Trollius laxus, Salisb. ....-..-.-...--------5 10 PalUStME Ds soscccnewccowcascnereeens BA
Troximon cuspidatum, Pursh ..---.----.---- 204 pedunculata, TF. & G. ..-.-. ---------. 35
glawcum, Nutt. ...-....---.-----+-+ 204 premorsa, Dougl. ...-- .-----------..- 35
parviflorum, Nutt. ........--2.--.- 205) | VIOEACW Bixee cannicrcneemecewaewcegeegeencex Bf
roseum, Nutt. ....-. 2202000200 se0- 205 | Viscaria, DC., Roth. ............-.-...-.---. 480
Turritis glabra, L. ...--- 12-222 eee ee eee eee 17 | Webera albicans, Wahl. .......--.-..------- 405
macrocarpa, Nutt. ...-...----.------- 17 CrUda, SCHTED:, cicrsvicrecwarcnweesnis-cacic 405
patula, Grah. ..---.. 222-0020 -e eee 18 nutans, Schreb. ....2......-.------- 405
retrofracta, Hook. ...-...----.-.----- 18 | Weisia crispula, Hedw. ........---.--------- 398
IP ype Jato ay Dose apoio; a's cineoesb inert ceeds 337 | Weldenia, Schult. f. ....-..-2.2.-.2-2.22---- 349
CU WBN CI iE cis ait oscraiaiajnss jeiaieteiedscaeisressa siniaieroiecense 337 | Woodsia Oregana, D. C. Eaton.......-..----- 397
Ulva merismopedioides, Woods ...-..-..----. 415 scopulina, D. C. Eaton......-..--.-. 397
UMBETEINE RM oc cn nike decider Pectin 126 | Wyethia, Nutt. ...... 22.22. eee eee eee eee. 166
Uniola stricta, Torr. ..--...---2..2---- 260 - ee - 385 amplexicaulis, Nutt. ..-....-.....-- 166
Urtieai dieitay Toe wsiscay ce nenaet heeds ace sensei 321 MOLES. GY oa xcstereverwrercrcnane aaraictersestemis 167
gracilis, Ait. .....-.---+--+++--------. 321 | Xanthium strumarium, L. -...-.............- 166
URTICA CE Meseeeacwcewete de 1208ad eo acdeincet Sel, | WUCCRy Lis. s-idinreinisinicininiecneiwswamunide-unemaue 355, 496
Utricularia minor, L. ..-....-2-------------- 215 angustifolia, Pursh ..-.- osieeecerecincen 496
Vulgaris; Ios wecewse mada cimive wes 214 WL6VIf0l1G, Ng) wciccwcenwecisemnecmimmes 496
Vaccaria vulgaris, Host. ...... 2-20-15 eee. eee 36 DaGCata, Wore jgeiacscniecwe ae esauases 496
Vaccinium cxspitosum, Mx. ...-...-..--.. 209, 425 Draconis, Torts socceecsaxe cxcweceass 496
myrtilloides, Mx. ....--..---.---. 209 parvifiora, Torr, ...-.. 222. eee ee wee. 497
Myrtillus) Lis sseetses cee teen ccen 209 stricta, SIMS oscccc apes cee veweeue asec 496
uliginosum, L, ......-.-2-2.------ 209 “Whippet, Torre sccccscaneeeeececwcien a 496
INDEX. 525

Page. Page.
Zannichellia palustris, L. .........2..-.----- 337 | Zigadenus glaucus, Nutt. ..--.---.---------- 343
Zauschneria, Presl ..---..-----.------------ 104 Nuttallii, Gray...--......--..----- 343

  

Californica, Presl....-...--..-. 104 paniculatus, 8, Watson...--..----- 343
Zigadenus Douglasii, Torr. ..---..----------- 343 | ZYGOPBYLLACKR .ccecc coe se gceiicrcneimcnicecien 417

Fremontii, Torr. ..........--.----. 343
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