New fork §>tate ^allege af Agriculture At djornelt UninecBiti) 3ttfara. H. f. Jitbtari}QK 543.H68 A svnoosis of the British mosses, contain 31924001800816SYNOPSIS OF THE BRITISH MOSSES.LONDON: HINTED BY GILBERT-AND RIV1RGTON, LIMITED, st. John’s square.A SYNOPSIS OP THE BRITISH MOSSES BEING DESCRIPTIONS OP ALL THE GENERA AND SPECIES POUND IN GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND TO THE PRESENT DATE. BY CHAS. P. HOBKIRK, F.L.S. MEM. EFF. DE LA SOC. EOT. DE BOTANIQUE DE BELGIQUE ; MEMBER OF THE ORYPTOGAMIC SOCIETY OF SCOTLAND, AND OF THE MANCHESTER CEYPTOGAMIC SOCIETY, ETC. ETC. SECOND EDITION, REVISED, CORRECTED, AND ENTIRELY REARRANGED. LONDON: L. REEVE AND C0.7 5, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN. 1884. [.All rights reserved.]PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION. It is not my desire that this little volume should be looked upon as anything more than what is expressed in the title, simply “A Synopsis op the British Mosses,” and as a kind of vade mecum to the working Bryologist, as well as a guide to beginners. It is not altogether an original work, nor yet is it a mere compilation, for nearly every species has been carefully examined under the microscope before being described, and then the diagnoses compared with other works, principally that great text-book of British Bryologists, Wilson’s “Bryo- logia Britannica.” Besides this work, I have also largely consulted, and drawn from, Bruch and Schim- per’s “ Bryologia Europaia,” Schimper’s “ Synopsis,” Dr. Mueller’s “ Synopsis,” the Proceedings of the Linnean Society, the Bulletins of the Royal Botanical Societies of France and of Belgium ; and last, but not least, the valuable papers recently contributed by Dr. Braithwaite to “Journal of Botany,” “ Grevillea,” and the “Monthly Microscopical Journal,” and also some papers by Mr. Mitten in the first-named publication. In the general arrangement of the genera and species I have mainly followed the “ Bryologia Britannica,” as I did not consider myself justified in departing widely from it, although many of our principal Museologists look upon it as very faulty; but I did not hold my authority sufficient to alter what has become a classicalVI PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION. arrangement amongst us; and more particularly as both Dr. Braithwaite and the Rev. J. Fergusson are engaged upon more critical examinations, pi’ior to the publication of new and more natural arrangements. The Analysis of the Genera is principally founded upon the same part from Wilson, and is intended not as an arrangement, but merely a key. I must here express my gratitude and thanks to those gentlemen who have so kindly assisted me in its preparation, both with the loan or gift of specimens of the rarer and newer species, and also for the diagnoses received from several, where specimens were not at- tainable. Amongst these gentlemen I must specially thank Dr. Hooker for his kind permission to use the Herbarium specimens and Library at Kew, and Mr. J. G. Baker, F.L.S., for his valuable assistance in doing so; also Dr. Braithwaite, F.L.S.; Mr. J. Bagnall, of Birmingham; Dr. F. Buchanan White, of Dunkeld ; Dr. Fraser, of Wolverhampton; Rev. J. Fergusson, of New Pitsligo; Mr. Carruthers, F.L.S., of the British Museum; Mr. G. E. Hunt, of Manchester; Mr. John Sim, of Strachan; Mr. W. Galt, of Edinburgh; M. P. Goulard, of Caen, Calvados; and, lastly, all those gentlemen and ladies who so readily came forward as subscribers to the number of upwards of 200, to assist in the publication of the volume. CHAS. P. HOBKIRK. Huddersfield, February, 1873.PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION. In presenting this Second Edition of my Synopsis of British Mosses to the Bryological student, a few words are necessary in addition to the prefatory remarks already given. In addition to the works previously referred to, I may mention that I have also consulted “ De Notaris Briologia Italiana," the first seven parts of Dr. Braith- waite's “ British Moss-Flora " (all that are yet issued), Dawson Turner's “Muscologia Hibernica,” an occa- sional reference to Mitten's “Musci Indite Orientalis,” and numerous papers, critical remarks, &c., in the “ Revue Bryologique,'' and the “ Naturalist." It will be noticed that the arrangement and classifi- cation have been entirely revised and altered. This was a subject requiring much consideration and thought; but I finally decided to adopt the arrangement of families and genera proposed by Jaeger in his “Aduin- bratio Muscorum," as seeming to me the most natural and convenient, besides which, with a few alterations, it nearly coincides with that of the “ London Catalogue of British Mosses," second edition, the first edition of which was compiled and arranged from the same source by my accomplished friend Mr. H. Boswell, of Oxford, and myself. The arrangement of the species under the genera has been done at my own discretion—whether well or ill remains to bo seen—with one or two excep- tions shortly to be named. The question of giving localities, even for the rarer species, was one to which I have given much thought,via PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION. and I finally decided to make it quite a secondary con- sideration, aud have, therefore, generally given only indications, so as not to swell out the book to an inor- dinate size, thereby increasing the price. My warmest thanks are due and are hereby gratefully tendered to Dr. Braithwaite, F.L.S., for his kind per- mission to make a full use of his “ Monograph of the Sphagnacese,” and, so far as it is published, of his mag- nificent work the “British Moss-Flora,” which, for the British Islands, will take rank alongside the “Bryologia Europea,” and I wish him health and strength to com- plete it. The genus Sphagnum is, with his consent, a condensation of the former work, both as to arrange- ment and diagnoses, and I have gladly availed myself of his permission with regard to the latter, particularly as regards the Dicranaceae, Andreaeaceae, &c. Almost equal thanks must be given to my friend Mr. H. Bos- well, for much valuable assistance on critical points, for specimens kindly contributed and lent, and for many useful suggestions ; also to Mr. Jas. Bagnall, of Birmingham. I have also compared my diagnoses carefully with the second edition of Schimper’s “ Synopsis ” and Mueller’s “ Synopsis,” and where I have considered it requisite, have added to or modified my previous de- scriptions on these lines, besides carefully examining many of the species over again, so that every species and genus has been very diligently revised and, I trust, improved. With these few remarks therefore I commit the book to British Bryologists, in the hope that it may prove useful to them, and be a means of directing others to the study of the British Mosses. CHAS. P. HOBKIRK. 1st May, 1881.CONTENTS. PAGE Peeface to First Edition . . v Preface to Second Edition..........................vii List of Contractions.................... . xi Conspectus of Genera ......................1 Description of Species . ... .43 Glossary . . ..................235 Index to Genera and their Synonyms . . . 239LIST OF CONTRACTIONS USED IN THIS VOLUME. br., branches. br. L, branch leaves. cal., calyp., calyptra. caps., capsule. fem., female. fl., flower. fr., fruit or fructification. infl., inflorescence. innov., innovations. l. , leaves. m. m., millimetres. ped., pedicel or seta. per., perist., peristome. per. 1. and p. 1., perichcetial leaves. per. teeth, teeth of peristome. perig. 1., perigonial leaves. st., stem. st.r 1., stem leaves. Bry. Brit., Bryologia Britannica (Wilson). Bry. Eur., Bryologia Europea. Br. M. Fl., British Moss-Flora, by Dr. Braithwaite. Ed. 1, refers to first edition of this work. Muel. Syn., Mueller's Synopsis. Bev. Bry., Revue Bryologique. Schp. Syn., Sclumper’s Synopsis, ed. 2.ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA. Page 2, for Fam. 1. Weisse®, read Weissi®. Page 12, for Fam. 3. Trichostomace®, read Trichostome®. Page 23, line 4, delete all after “ inner,’7 and instead read—“16 fili- form, carinate processes, as long as or longer than outer teeth.” Page 24, line 10 from bottom, for Tetradontium read Tetrodontium. Page 47, line 10, delete comma after apex. Page 57, line 9, for Wheeldale read Wheldale. Page 71, after line 19 add— Var. 5. rugifolium, Boswell. L. somewhat contorted or crisped, and more strongly undulated—perhaps only a form. Stockton Forest, Yorkshire, 1842 (Spruce), again 1874 (Anderson). Page 79, after 91. C. flexuosus, add— Var. 0. paludosus, Schp. Taller and more robust. L. longer, more distant, often purplish at base. Boggy heaths. Llyn Ogwen, 1874, and Loch Maree, 1875 (H. Boswell); Barmouth, Cader Idris. Page 152, lines 21, 22—0. gracile was found in Finisterre (France) by M. Tanguy, Jun., in 1880, the first time it has been found out of England. The word “mamillate ” has unfortunately been several times spelled with double m.SYNOPSIS OF BRITISH MOSSES. CONSPECTUS OF GENERA. Division I. SACCOMITRIA. F ip Order I. HO LOO AIIP2E. Caps, bursting irregularly. Calyptra lacerate. Tribe i. Archidiace®. L. with a more or less elongate subula, nerved, smooth, laxly reticulated. Caps, globose, sessile. Spores large, smooth, many-sided. Genus 1. Archidium, Brid. As above. Order II. SCHIZOCARPM Caps, on a pseudopodium, dehiscent by valves. Tribe ii. Andreace®. Acrocarpous, perennial. Branches dichotomous when old. L. generally brown or blackish, never green, patent or secund, cells thick-walled, rotundate-hexa- gonal above, rectangular below, generally papillose. Calyptra mitriform, thin. Caps, dehiscing in 4—6 valves. 2. Andresea, Ehr. Caps, dehiscent below the middle by perpendicular valves. B2 SYNOPSIS OP BRITISH MOSSES. Tribe iii. Sphagnacej;. Erect. Branches in fascicles, partly patent, partly reflexed. St. Without radicles, hark spongy of large hyaline cells. L. generally with pores and spiral fibres in the cells, those of the stem dissimilar to those of the branches. Male fl. amentaceous, female gemmi- form. Caps, at first sessile, afterwards slightly ex- serted, globose, dehiscent by a spurious lid or valve. Spores four-sided. 3. Sphagnum, Dill. As above. Division II. STEGOMITRIA. ? S 8 Section 1. ACROGARPI. Fruit terminal on the stem. Tribe iv. WEissiACEiE. Perennial, creeping or erect, with innovations below the floral apex. Branches dichotomous or fastigiate. L. parenchymatose, basal cells hyaline, upper densely chlorophyllose, often papillose. Caps, pedicellate, erect. Perist. simple, rarely absent. Calyptra cu- cullate, rostrate. Spores generally minute. Fam. 1. Weissese. L. narrow, linear, lanceolate, and subulate, nerve terete. Caps, varying from ovate to cylindrical, regular or subincurved, gymnostomous or perist. single, 16- toothed, teeth articulate. 4. Systegium, Schp. PI. minute. L. narrow, opaque, minute, papillose, crisped, cells in upper part minutely quadrate, at base lax hyaline, nerve excurrent or vanishing in apex. Caps, immersed or on a verySYNOPSIS OP BRITISH MOSSES. 3 short seta, erect, symmetrical, lid persistent. Perist. absent. Monoicous. 5. Hymenostomum, R. Br. L. comal much longer than the rest, all crisped or cirrhate when dry, opaque and minutely papillose, cells hexagonal-rotund, cliloro- phyllose, rectangular and empty at base. Caps, with mouth closed by a thin membrane, annulus simple, lid persistent with a long beak. Spores large, globose, rough. Monoicous. 6. Gymnostomum, Bry. Bur. St. erect. Br. di- chotomous or fastigiate. L. small, larger above, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, margin plane, concave, nerve prominent behind, excurrent or vanishing, cells minute, quadrate, elongate hexagonal at base. Caps, erect, ovate, subglobose or elliptical, symmetric, mouth open, without either teeth or membrane, lid deciduous, subulirostrate. Calyptra cucullate. Spores minute, smooth. Monoicous or dioicous. 7. Ansectangium, B. and S. Densely caespitose, dichotomous. L. linear-lanceolate, larger above, nerved, opaque, densely papillose, cells minute, rotun date- hexagonal above, rectangular hyaline at base. Caps, oval, ovate, or subglobose, with a reticulated mem- brane at mouth. Perist. absent; lid oblique, rostrate. Calyptra cucullate, oblique, with a long subulate beak. Spores minute, smooth, ferruginous. Dioicous. 8. Eucladium, B. and S. Innovations dichotomous. L. narrowly lanceolate, rigid, thickly nerved, smooth, cells irregularly quadrate, ovate above, lax and hyaline at base. Caps, erect, ovate or oval on a longer seta, lid subulirostrate. Perist. t. oblique, confluent, linear- lanceolate, bi- or trifid. 9. Gyroweissia, Schp. PI. low, slender. L. linear- b 24 SYNOPSIS OP BRITISH MOSSES. obtuse, spreading, scarcely crisped when dry. Caps, elongate-elliptical, lid with a short beak, annulus broad. Perist. absent or rudimentary. Dioicous. 10. Weissia, Hedw. Small, csespitose, dichotomous. L. lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, subulate, crisped when dry, minutely papillose, nerved, apical cells minute, quadrate, chlorophyllose, basal rectangular, hyaline; per. 1. scarcely sheathing. Perist. 1.16, more or less irregular, punctulate. Annulus none or very narrow. Monoicous. 11. Dicranoweissia, Lindb. PI. taller, fastigiate. L. patent, flexuose, crisped when dry, smooth or very slightly papillose, apical cells quadrate, basal rectangular, broader at angles; per. 1. sheathing. Caps, elliptic elongate, lid subulirostrate. Perist. t. perfect, lanceolate, bifid at apex. 12. Rhabdoweissia, B. and S. PI. small, dicho- tomous, monoicous. L. long, narrow, crisped when dry, shortly papillose above, margin serrulate or erose, cells quadrate or hexagonal, basal hyaline, lax. Caps. 8-striate, 8-sulcate when dry, truncate and wide- mouthed when ripe, teeth from a broad base shortly subulate, verruculose, lid subulirostrate. Calyptra large, cucullate. Spores large, punctulate. Tribe v. Dicranace.®. L. between broadly and narrowly lanceolate and lanceolate-subulate, smooth or papillose at apex, upper cells quadrate, lower hexagono-rectangular or linear, quadrate at angles, nerve broad. Calyptra large, cucullate. Caps, on a long seta, cernuous, rarely erect, regular or incurved and subarcuate. Perist. t.II SYNOPSIS OP BRITISH MOSSES. 5 16, lanceolate, transversely trabeculate, generally cleft, reddish, hygroscopic, vertically striolate at back. Fam. 1. Pseudo-Dicranse. L. papillose and chlorophyllose above, opaque, cells minutely quadrate, scarcely dilated at base. 13. Cynodontium, B. and S. Pulvinate. L. flexuoso- spreading, crisped when dry, opaque, papillose towards apex, upper cells minute, quadrate, lower hexagono- rectangular. Caps, subincurved, with a tapering symmetric or strumose neck, sometimes striate, and when dry sulcate. Calyptra inflated cucullate. Perist. t. lanceolate, unequally cleft, always vertically striolate. 14. Dichodontium, Schp. L. from a sheathing base, squarrose, curved, but scarcely crisped when dry, opaque, strongly papillose, cells at middle base rect- angular, quadrate towards margin, smaller quadrate at apex, densely chlorophyllose. Caps, solid, generally without neck. Perist. t. large, bi- or trifid to below middle. Dioicous. Fam,. 2. Dicranse-verse. L. smooth, apical cells oblong, basal rectangular or elongate, often quadrate at angles. 15. Trematodon, Mich. PI. low, csespitose. L. lanceolate and subulate, smooth, laxly reticulate, nerved. Caps, incurved, elliptic or oblong, with a long generally strumose neck, lid subulirostrate. Calyptra long-beaked, cucullate, inflated. Annulus of 1 or 2 rows of cells. Perist. t. lanceolate, simple or bifid nearly to base, striolate and papillose. Spores large, rough. Monoicous. 16. Dicranella, Schp. PI. generally small. L.6 SYNOPSIS OP BRITISH MOSSES. smooth, cells oblong and elongate, thinly chloro- phyllose, oblong hexagonal towards apex, lax, rect- angular at base. Caps, generally cernuous, sometimes striate. Perist. t. large, regular, solid, bifid, densely articulate below, with filiform crura, minutely granu- lose. Spores medium smooth. Dioicous, rarely monoicous. 17. Dicranum, Hedw. PL taller and more showy, tomentose. L. generally patent or falcato-secund, smooth, rarely papillose, shining or opaque, nerve sometimes excurrent, elongate-lanceolate or lanceolate- subulate, apical cells lineal-oblong, basal elongate, generally very narrow, quadrate at angles, sometimes inflated; per. 1. more or less sheathing. Caps, erect or cernuous, rarely striate, with a spurious neck, sometimes strumose, lid generally subulirostrate. Perist. t. bifurcate, interruptedly trabeculate. Spores small. Monoicous or dioicous. 18. Licranodontium, B. and 8. Densely ciespitose, radiculose. L. erecto-patent or falcato-secund, seta- ceous, nerved, shining, fragile, areolation lax, excavate, reddish at angles. Caps, on an upright arcuate seta., oblong or elongate-cylindric, without striae, annulus absent, lid convexo-conical, acidulate. Calyptra cu- cullate, base entire. Perist. t. 16, long, unequally bi- partite to base, crura lanceolate-filiform. Dioicous. 19. Campylopus, Brid. L. broadly nerved, nerve often sulcate at back, basal cells uniformly rectangular, generally dilated excavate at angles. Caps, oval, regular, generally striate on an arcuate seta, lid subuli- rostrate. Calyptra cucullate, fringed at base. Annu- lus of 1, 2, 3 rows of cells. Perist. as in Dicranum. Dioicous.SYNOPSIS OP BRITISH MOSSES. 7 Tribe vi. Leucobkyace^i. PI. whitish, spongiose, soft when moist, fragile when dry. Leaf cells dimorphous, narrow and chloro- phyllous, broad, empty, and porose. 20. Leucobryum, Hampe. L. erecto-patent and se- cund, concave, from an erect base, lanceolate. Caps, cernuous, incurved, ovate and oblong, striate, deeply sulcate when dry, neck shortly strumose, annulus absent, lid subulirostrate. Perist. as in Dicranum. Spores small, globose, reddish. Dioicous. Tribe vii. Fissidentacej!. PI. small, slender. L. distichous, with a conduplicate dorsal wing, nerve excurrent, or ending in apex, cells minutely parenchymatous, very chlorophyllose. 21. Fissidens, Hedw. St. simple or slightly branched. Caps, symmetric or obliquely incurved, erect or cernuous, lid large, with a long or short beak. Perist. simple, of 16 teeth, lineal-lanceolate, unequally bifid, densely articulate at base, vertically striolate and punctulate, crura filiform, horizontally indexed when dry. Annu- lus narrow. Spores small, smooth. Tribe viii. Seligeriacej;. PI. very small, with innovations from below the floral apex. L. narrow, nerved, smooth, apical cells minutely quadrate, basal rectangular. Caps, erect, symmetric, rarely gymnostomous. Perist. t. 16, more or less perfect. Fam. 1. Seligerise. Calyptra cucullate. Caps, subglobose, wide-mouthed, with a distinct neck. 22. Seligeria, B. and S. L. lower small, remote,8 SYNOPSIS OF BRITISH MOSSES. upper much larger, in a coma, subulate, nerve thin, margin entire. Caps, subspherical, on an erect or arcuate seta, turbinate when empty, neck tumid, lid large, convexo-coni cal, thin-beaked. Perist. absent (Anodus), or 16 free, linear-lanceolate teeth, articulate, without a central line, indexed, when dry reflexed. Fam. 2. Brachydontse. PI. with same habit as Seligerice, but with larger chlorophyllose leaves. Calyptra mitriform, lobed, subulate. Caps, without neck. Perist. t. less solid, papillose. 23. Campylostelium, B. and 8. Calyptra subulate- mitriform, erect, equally lobed. Caps, oblong, on an erect or arcuate seta. Annulus broad. Perist. 1.16, long, unequally bifurcate, subulate, arcuate-incurved when dry. Spores minute. 24. Brachydontium, Bruch. Calyptra split on one side nearly to apex, oblique. Caps, on an erect seta, oblong, obsoletely striate, sulcate when dry, lid con- vex, with a straight subulate beak, margin crenulate. Perist. t. confluent at base, broad, short, truncate or apiculate, hyaline, remotely papillose. Spores small, pale. Monoicous. Fam. 3. Blindise. L. shining, cells narrow, rectangular and dilated at basal angles. Caps, immersed or exserted, sub- sphserical, with a tumid neck. Perist. absent, or of 16 teeth. Lid large, acutely rostrate. 25. Blindia, B. and 8. Caps, immersed, gymno- stomous, or exserted, with a perist. of 16 equidistant lanceolate entire teeth, apex generally bifid, smooth,SYNOPSIS OP BRITISH MOSSES. 9 somewhat hygroscopic. Calyptra large; or small (Stylostegium). Tribe ix. Leptotrichacej:. PI. varying in size. L. subulate, from a lanceolate base, smooth, shining, upper cells narrowly rectangular or minutely quadrate, basal laxer, hexagono-rectangular. Caps, erect, symmetric, oval, or cylindric. Perist. t. long, bifid, with filiform crura, papillose, erect or slightly oblique. Fam. 1. Bruchiacese. Annual or perennial, simple or branched. L. lanceolate-subulate, uppermost in a comal tuft, nerved, shining. Calyptra small, cucullate. Caps, ovate, more or less acuminate. Spores small. 26. Pleuridium, Brid. L. from an oblong base, lanceolate and lanceolate-subulate, apex remotely and obtusely serrate. Caps, ovate-globose or ovate, shortly apiculate, smooth, shining. Fam. 2. Ditrichacese. 27. Ditrichum, Timm. PI. small, csespitose, or tall and slender. L. lanceolate-subulate, smooth, glossy, cells narrowly rectangular, basal lax and hexagono- rectangular. Caps, oval or cylindric, generally erect on a slender seta. Perist. t. 16, longisli, cleft quite to base, filiform, articulate, papillose. Spores very small, smooth. Fam. 3. Ceratodontse. L. linear-lanceolate or subulate, obsoletely or dis- tinctly papillose or smooth. Perist. t. long, densely articulate at base, divided almost to base. 28. Ceratodon, Brid. Many times dichotomously10 SYNOPSIS OP BRITISH MOSSES. branched, fastigiate. L. lanceolate, fiexuose when dry, opaque, upper cells minutely quadrate-hexagonal, laxer at base, more or less papillose above, nerve strong. Caps, ovate-oblong, elongate, striate, deeply sulcate when dry, slightly cernuous. Perist. t. solid, 16, deeply bifid, papillose, with the basal membrane extending above mouth of caps, behind the teeth. Fam. 4. Distichiacese. L. distichous, compressed, subulate, from a sheath- ing base, smooth, cells minutely quadrate above, lax hexagono-rectangular below. Antheridia long, sub- cylindric, archegonia, long-styled. Caps, erect or cernuous. Perist. t. irregular, narrow, plane. 29. Distichium, B. and 8. Densely casspitose, silky. St. 1. exactly distichous, spreading subulate, from a semi-amplexicaul base, nerve broad. Caps, erect or cernuous, coriaceous, shining, lid conical. Perist. t. linear-lanceolate, sub-entire, or variously bifid and lacerate, punctured, hygroscopic. Spores small. Monoicous. Tribe x. Pottiaceie. Perennial, rarely annual, densely gregarious or csespitose. Cell formation of 1. parenchymatose, hexa- gono-quadrate, and rotundate, above more or less papillose or smooth, densely chlorophyllose, at base laxer, dilatate-rectangular or hexagono-rectangular, hyaline or chlorophyllose. FI. gemmaceous. Calyptra cucullate, rarely mitriform or lobed, smooth. Caps, generally erect, symmetric, or slightly curved, varying from subglobose to cylindrical. Perist. rarely absent, simple, lineal-lanceolate, entire or bifid, with filiform crura.SYNOPSIS OF BRITISH MOSSES. 11 Fam. 1. Phase*. St. simple or divided, rarely with innovations. L. generally papillose at back. Monoicous. Antheridia enclosed or naked in axils of upper leaves. Caps, globose, ovate, ovate-acuminate or obliquely rostrate, either with or without a columella, immersed or ex- serted. Calyptra cucullate or many-lobed. a. Columella absent. 30. Ephemerella, Muell. L. densely chlorophyllose, cells dense, rectangular above, elongate, rhomboid, hyaline at base. Caps, subspherical, immersed, va- ginula cylindric. Spores reniform, brown, granulose. b. Columella present. 31. Microbryum, Schp. Minute, casspitose, gemmi- form. L. dense celled, nerve solid, minutely papillose on back at apex. Antheridia naked, axillar. Caps, ovate, erect, slightly exserted. Calyptra large, erect, many-lobed, deeply slit on one side. 32. Sphserangium, Schp. Minute, gemmiform, gre- garious. L. scariose, very concave, ovate, or obovate, nerved, minutely papillose on both sides at apex, cells large, only slightly chlorophyllose. Antheridia en- closed in minute gemmiform perigonial leaves. Caps, more or less immersed, erect, or subpendulous, spherical. Calyptra erect, small, mitriform. Colu- mella thick. Spores largish, round, finely granulose. 33. Phascum, Linn. PI. more robust. St. simple, bi- or tripartite. L. broad or ovate-lanceolate, solid, nerved, apical cells dense, quadrate-hexagonal, basal hexagono-rectangular, hyaline, minutely papillose. Antheridia enclosed. Caps, more or less exserted, subglobose, ovate, or ovate-oblong, with an obtuse12 SYNOPSIS OF BRITISH MOSSES. beak. Calyptra cucullate. Columella persistent. Spores small. Fam. 2. Pottise. L. smooth or more or less papillose, nerve terete. Calyptra cucullate, rarely many-lobed, oblique. Caps, on a longer or shorter seta, erect. Perist. absent, or of 16 fragmentary or linear teeth, more or less perfect. 34. Pottia, Fhr. Annual or biennial. St. simple or slightly divided, radiculose below. L. broadish, obovate-oblong, acuminate, opaque, smooth, or slightly papillose, basal cells lax, hyaline, nerve smooth or rarely lamellate. Caps, erect. Perist. absent, or if present, of 16 plane teeth, generally imperfect; lid rostrate or muticous. 35. Didymodon, B. and S. Perennial. St. with innovations below apex, sometimes dichotomous, radi- culose at base of innovations. L. elongate and linear- lanceolate, sheathing at base, apex more or less serrate, cells lax, hyaline at base, smaller at apex, and densely papillose. Caps, cylindric, symmetric, or arcuate, on a long seta. Perist. t. plane, linear-lanceolate, confluent at base, more or less cleft above, punctulate, rarely papillose. Spores minute. Fam. 3. Trichostomacese. Ceespitose or pulvinate. L. larger above, papillose, apical cells minute, chlorophyllose, basal lax, dia- phanous. Perist. t. united at base in a membrane, more or less filiform above, papillose, crura equal or one fragmentary, upright, oblique, or twisted. Spores large and rough, or small and smooth. 36. Trichostomum, B. and S. L. linear-lanceolate, opaque, minutely papillose. Perist. t. with a narrowSYNOPSIS OP BRITISH MOSSES. 13 basal membrane, cleft to base into two equal filiform crura, often fragmentary, sometimes sligbty oblique but not twisted, erect when dry. Annulus rarely absent. Spores as above. 37. Barbula, Hedw. Perennial. Habit, growth, and leaves similar to last. Perist. of 16 teeth, divided into 32 long filiform crura, spirally twisted and con- torted, inserted into a tesselated membranous tube at base. Tribe xi. Calymperace2E. Perennial, dichotomous, with innovations below floral apex, densely radiculose. L. lingulate, apical cells minute, rotundate, chlorophyllose, densely pa- pillose, basal lax, smooth. Caps, erect, oblong, or cylindrical, lid with a long styliform beak. Perist. simple or double, rarely absent. Calyptra very large. 38. Encalypta, Schreb. Ceespitose. L. linear, lingu- late, or spathulate, upper cells hexagonal, hyaline mixed with chlorophyllose, lower hexagono-rectangular. Caps, erect, oblong, or cylindric, regular. Calyptra large, smooth, extinguisher-shaped, completely cover- ing the capsule, with a long upright beak. Lid with a similar beak. Tribe xii. Grimmiaceje. Generally acrocarpous, very rarely cladocarpous, with innovations below the floral apex. L. opaque, lower cells hexagonal or linear, and sometimes sinuous, upper hexagono-rotundate or punctiform, densely chlorophyllose. PL gemmiform. Caps, erect, gene- rally symmetric, on an upright or arcuate seta. Calyptra mitriform, large, rarely cucullate, smooth, or sulcate, frequently pilose. Perist. seldom deficient,14 SYNOPSIS OP BRITISH MOSSES. simple or double, both teeth and cilia plane, rarely filiform. Fam. 1. Grimmiae. Perist. single, of 16 teeth, transversely articulate, lanceolate, entire, or perforate, or divided to base in two filiform crura. Calyptra small, often rough or hairy. 39. Grimmia, Fhr. Pulvinate, rarely caespitose, branches dichotomous, fastigiate. Calyptra sometimes small many-lobed, or large sub-mitriform, cleft at base, or lobed and simply cucullate. Perist. t. lanceo- late, entire, and perforate, or bi- or trifid, papillose, very rarely short and truncate. 40. Racomitrium, Brid. PI. generally taller, broadly caespitose. L. elongate-lanceolate, muticous, or hair- pointed, concave, margin recurved, cells at apex narrow, minutely quadrate, or linear-sinuous, lower cells elongate-sinuous, narrow. Caps, oblong, cylin- dric, on an upright rarely curved seta, lid small, beak subulate. Calyptra conico-mitriform, lobed, often darker coloured and rough at apex. Perist. t. with a narrow basal membrane, more or less deeply cleft into two subequal filiform crura. Fam. 2. Ptychomitriae. Calyptra large, mitriform, plicato-sulcate, naked. Pei'ist. t. 16, lanceolate, entire, or perforate, or linear, divided into two filiform crura. 41. Glyphomitrium, Schw. PI. small, pulvinate, scarcely branched. L. solid, ovate- and elongate- lanceolate, curved when dry, apical cells roundish, minute, basal rectangular. Caps, erect, subglobose, lid acutely conical. Annulus absent. Calyptra cleftSYNOPSIS OF BRITISH MOSSES. 15 on one side, and lacerate or incised at base. Perist. t. lanceolate, approaching in pairs, entire, reflexed when dry. Spores large, smooth. 42. Ptychomitrium, B. and S. PI. somewhat larger, fasciculato-c Ben Nevis ; Ben McDhui. 6. L. nerved. 5. A. Rothii, W. and If., Braith. M. FI., p. 10, t. 2 a (A. rwpestris, ed. l,p. 22). St. scarcely £ inch, loosely tufted, almost black. L. imbricate, falcato-secund, longly subulate from an ovate base, nerve thin, flat, vanishing at apex; per. 1. larger, inner convolute, nerveless. Alpine and subalpine rocks. June, July. Devon and Cornwall; Yorkshire; Cumberland; N. Wales; Scotland; Cromagloun, Ireland..46 SYNOPSIS OF BRITISH MOSSES. Yar. /3. frigida, limb. [A. Grimmlana, ed. 1, p. 22). Larger, more robust, flexuose, prostrate. L. broader, more solid. Br. Ben McDbui; Beamsley Pell, Yorkshire. Yar. 7. hamata, Lindb. L. lax, fuscous, green when young, strongly falcate, gradually tapering from base. Br. Luggielow, co. Wicklow ; Carfury, near Penzance. Yar. 8. faloata, Schp. (A. falcata, ed. 1, p. 22). Slender. L. falcato-secund, suddenly lanceolate-subu- late from a dilated obovate*base, nerve flattened, ending at or below apex, which is slightly erose at margin. Alpine rocks, not uncommon. Scotland; Cumberland ; Devon; N. Wales, &c. 6. A. crassinervis, Bruch., Braith. M. FL, p. 11, t. lc. Tufts depressed, deep black. St. prostrate, ascending, fragile. L. shining, falcato-secund, subulate from an oblong base, nerve thick, excurrent into the round papillose subula, margin entire, cells quadrate; per. 1. erecto-patent, convolute, nerveless. Alpine rocks. July, August. Hebden Bridge, 1864; Scotland; Snowdon, 1853; Cumberland; Cheshire; N. Wales; Upper Lough Bray, Ireland. Tribe ii. Sphagnace.®. 3. SPHAGNUM, Dill. [N.B.—The arrangement of this genus is adopted from Dr. Braithwaite’s splendid Monograph, and the diagnoses are, in the greater part, abbreviated from his, as indeed they could not be better described.] A. Cymbifolia. Plants robust, loosely tufted. Br. turgid, those ofSPHAGNUM. 47 the coma obtuse. Br. 1. imbricated, very broad, ovate, rounded and cucullate at apex, boat-shaped, concave, scarcely margined. Dioicous. a. Cells of bark of stem with spiral fibres and pores. 7. S. cymbifolium, Ehr. St. 3—12 inches, robust, tufted, solid, covered with a cortical web. Tufts dirty olive-green, sometimes purplish. Bark of stem of 3 or 4 strata of cells, both fibrose and porose. St. 1. lingulate-spathulate, with a rounded, slightly frayed apex, usually without fibres or pores; br. 1. imbricate, broadly ovate, concave, cucullate and muriculate at apex. Chlorophyll cells entirely enclosed by the hyaline cells. Caps, large, globose, on a short seta. Dioicous. Bogs, common. June, July. Yar. /3. squarrosulum. Slender, dark green. Br. 1. more pointed, slightly squarrose. Var. 7. compactum, Schultz (congestum, Schp.). Densely tufted. St. green or purplish. Br. 1. suberect, obtuse; st. 1. upper cells fibrose. b. Cells of bark of stem porose but not fibrose. 8. S. papillosum, Lindb. Tufts ochraceous, never tinged with purple. St. 1. spathulate, fringed at apex, basal cells large, empty, upper with a few fibres and pores. Br. 1. broadly ovate obtuse, cucullate, concave, papillose at apex; chi. cells enclosed in hyaline, ellip- tical, and the latter covered internally, where uniting with former, with fine papillae; lower cells of pedun- cular bracts, in centre thick-walled, empty; marginal and upper cells porose and fibrose. Subalpine peat bogs, frequent. Var. /3. coneertuh. Tufts short, dense. Bark cells of st. usually non-fibrose. Br. 1. very concave, obtuse.48 SYNOPSIS OP BRITISH MOSSES. Near Penzance. Yar. 7. STENOPHYLLUM. Br. ]. ovate-oblong, less concave and almost entire above. Penzance; Staveley. c. Cells of bark of stem, outer without fibres, inner with fibres and large pores. 9. S. Austini, Sull. Ochraceous. St. dark brown, tuft3 very thick and spongy. St. 1. lingulate, obtuse, fringed, cells as in No. 7. Br. 1. closely imbricate, ovate-oblong, concave, less cucullate, strongly muri- culate at back, cells with fibres and large pores ; chi. cells triangular, projecting between the hyaline on concave surface of leaf, the latter at union densely papillose internally. Peduncular bracts with lower cells narrow, empty, upper fibrose and porose. Grows in great elevated hassocks in swamps. Isle of Lewis, 1868 ; Moss Raplock, Barend Moss, and Auchencairn Moss, Kirkcudbright (J. McAndrew, 1882). These are the only known British localities. Var. /3. fimbriatum, Braith., Sphag., p. 34 (imbri- catum, Hornsch). Dense-cushioned, dark brown tufts. Br. short, densely crowded. L. closely imbricated. Isle of Lewis (Moore), Witherslack Moss (Barnes), Moss Raplock (McAndrew, 1882). B. Subsecunda. Soft, loosely tufted. Br. 1. usually subsecund, erecto-patent, broadly ovate, concave, broadly mar- gined, margins involute above, Dioicous. 10. S. tenellum, Ehr. Pale greenish-yellow. St. short, straw-coloured, bark of two layers not porose. Br. pale red, loose leaved, retort-cells of bark withSPHAGNUM. 49 apex recurved, projecting, perforated. St. 1. large, reflexed, ovate-oblong, margin incurved, cells densely fibrose with a few pores above, near base empty. Br. 1. broadly ovate, elongato-lanceolate, margin incurved in upper half, margined ; chi. cells triangular on back of leaf, interposed between the hyaline, which are strongly fibrose. Male atnentula orange-coloured. Spongy heaths, &c., in hilly places. May, June. Lancashire, Yorkshire, Sussex, Kent, Scotland, Ireland. 11. S. rubellum, Wils. St. 2—5 inches, slender, purple, with slender, deflexed, sometimes curved branches, bark cells destitute of pores; st. 1. large, erect, ovate-oblong, concave, obtuse, subsecund, with a minutely toothed apex and narrow margin, cells without fibres or pores. Br. 1. ovate or oblong-ovate, gradually acuminate, apex with three stout teeth and a few smaller ones below, cells with annular fibres and a few pores, becoming narrower towards the edge, chi. cells triangular, interposed on upper surface. Caps, almost included. Bogs among grass and carices, fr. rare. June, July. 12. S. laricinum, Spruce (neglectum, Angst.). St. 4—6 inches, pale yellowish-brown, bark pale of 2—3 layers of cells. Br. crowded 3—4, of which 1—2 are divergent, the others pendent but not appressed. St. 1. small, ovate, cucullate, minutely fimbriate, basal cells utricular, middle and lateral very narrow, apical, rhomboid, with scarcely any fibres or pores. Br. 1. ovate, shortly and bluntly acuminate, point with 3—5 teeth, recurved, broadly bordered, cells with annular fibres and many pores, chi. cells elliptic, central between the hyaline. Ped. bracts oblong, scarcely £50 SYNOPSIS OP BRITISH MOSSES. bordered. Retort cells of branches without any pro- jecting neck. Deep bogs; no doubt often mistaken for subsecun- dum. Near Holyhead; Yale Royal, Cheshire; Loch Kander, Braemar. First found by Dr. Spruce at Terrington Carr, Yorkshire, in 1846. Yar. y. platyphyllum. Br. short. St. 1. Ungulate, distinctly auricled; br. 1. very broad and concave. Pass between Aber and Llanrwst, N. Wales. Yar. S. cyclophyllum. Tufts generally short, turgid, simple. ’ St. 1. very large, orbicular, concave, cucullate. Shore of Loch Katrine. 13. S. subsecuudum, Nees. Tall and slender. St. brown or blackish in the type (green in vars. 0 and y), with only one layer of cortical cells. Br. 2—3, spreading, l—2 pendent but not appressed, retort cells slightly recurved at apex and perforate. St. 1. small (large in var. 8), more or less auricled, cucullate, very minutely fringed, border narrow, upper cells fibrose aud porose, lower almost without fibres. Br. 1. more or less subsecund, broadly acuminato-elliptic, very concave, narrowly bordered, apex 3 — 5 toothed, hyaline cells elongate, fibrose, numerously porose, chi. cells central, much compressed. Turf bogs, and about springs and streams in moor- lands, &c. Frequent. June, July. Yar. f3. contoktum. Dark olive-green. St. green. Br. crowded, usually more or less contorted and twisted. Br. 1. larger, broader. Deep bogs. Frequent. Var. y. turgidum, Muell. St. green. Br. swollen, with large very broad leaves, truncate at apex,SPHAGNUM. 51 5-toothed. St. 1. large, fibrose in upper cells, or some- times throughout. Ditches and sides of pools. Not common. Yar. 8. aukiculatum. St. generally greenish; st. 1. large, lingulato-acuminate, subhastate at base, with very'large auricles, composed of fibrose utricular cells, apex truncate and erose. Hayward’s Heath, Sussex, &c. C. Rigida. Densely ramulose, forming compact, cushion-like tufts. Br. 1. erecto-patent, oblong, concave, very narrowly bordered, apex obtuse, truncate, and toothed, margin involute for the greater part of its extent. Monoicous. 14. S. rigidum, Schimp. Tufts dense, rigid when dry. St. 3—10 inches, dark brown, closely branched, bark cells small, non-porose, of 2—3 strata. Br. 3—4, short, 1—2 erecto-patent, obtuse, the rest slender, deflexed, flagelliform. St. 1. minute, erect, oblique, broadly ovate, auricled, apex erose, border broad, cells without fibres or pores, or a few fibres only near base. Br. 1. ovate-oblong, slightly cucullate, cells fibrose, with unequal pores, chi. cells small, much compressed, central. L. of pendent br. narrower’, distant. Marshy heaths and moorlands. July. Yar. /3. compactum. St. |—2 inches. Br. short, thick, and compact, generally pale tinged with red ; br. 1. rounded at apex. Drier places. Var. 7. squaeeosulum, Buss. Tufts looser. Br. more distant. L. of divergent br. squarrose. 15. [_S. molle, jSuZZ.] Tufts soft, whitish-green above, e 252 SYNOPSIS OP BRITISH MOSSES. pale- brown below. St. 2—6 inches, slender, pale green, cortical cells in 2—3 layers, non-porose. Br. crowded, 2—3 in fasc., erecto-patent. St. 1. very large, minutely auricled, ovate-spathulate, cells almost non- fibrose in the type, apex with 3 teeth and a few minute ones at sides. Br. 1. oblong-ovate, concave, very narrowly bordered, apex truncate, with 5 or 6 irregular, teeth, hyaline cells fibrose and porose, chi. cells trian- gular, projecting on concave surface of leaf. Type not found in Britain. Yar. /3. Mulleri. Br. 3—4 in fasc., 1—2 patulous, the rest longer, slender, pendent. St. 1. more elon- gate, cells with fibres and pores. Pericheetial bracts lanceolate acuminate, upper cells with fibres and pores. Moorland streams. August. Darnholme, near Whitby ; Brickhill Heath, Bucks ; Ben Lawers; New Forest, 1880 (H. Boswell). Yar. y. tenerum, Braith., Sphag., p. 55. Tufts dense, dirty white. Br. closely crowded with acumi- nate leaves. Darnholme (Braithwaite), Dalfroo Bog, Strachan (Sim), New Galloway, 1883. D. Cuspidata. Bather rigid, loosely matted. Br. 1. erecto-patent, narrowly lanceolate, acute or much acuminate, truncate, toothed and involute at apex, margin more or less bordered, a. Leaves erecto-patent, 16. S. acntifolium, Ehr. Tufts soft, pale green, often tinged with purple. St. 3—6 inches, with slender attenuated branches, cortical cells generally without pores, in 3—4 strata, woody zone purple, except inSPHAGNUM. 53 var. 0 patulum. St. 1. small, ovate-acute, erect, con- cave, minutely auricled, apex 5-toothed, lower cells without fibres or pores, upper often slightly fibrillose, border broad, narrowing towards apex. Br. 1. ovate- lanceolate, slightly prasmorse, with a 3—4 toothed apex, hyaline cells with a few large pores and annular fibres, chi. cells triangular on concave surface of leaf, border extremely narrow, of two rows of cells. Pedicel long. Monoicous. Bogs and marshes. July. * Varieties more or less rosy or purple. /3. deflexum. Br. all decurved, flagelliform, pink and green, white-tipped; br. 1. longer and narrower. y. LiLACiNUM. Pine rosy red suffused with violet. Br. erect and divergent; br. 1. strongly involute. St. 1. rounded at apex. Terrington Carr and Westmoreland. 8. purpureum. Usually entirely purple. Br. short, curved. L. obtuse. e. tenellum. Slender, elongate, pale green and red. Divergent br. arcuate. L. short, obtuse; st. 1. broadly bordered, fringed at apex. ** Varieties of a fuscous or pale colour. £ FtrscuM. Ochraceous brown. Divergent br. short, incurved. L. short, concave, apex rounded, toothed; st. 1. small, apex rounded, toothed. 7\. luridum. Dirty green, fuscous below. Br. .crowded, all erecto-patent. L. acuminate, strongly involute at apex ; st. 1. large, linear, acutely pointed. Ben Lawers. 0. patulum. Pale green. St. 1. elongate, acute, upper cells fibrillose. Br. 1. elongate, patent.54 SYNOPSIS OP BRITISH MOSSES. i. arctum, Br. Fragile, yellowish, dense. St. 1. narrowly bordered, cells of upper two-thirds fihrillose. Br. dense, short, ascending. L. obtuse, laxly areo- late. Brandon Mount, Kerry. 17. S. fimbriatum, Wils. Tufts pale whitish-green. St. slender, 6—12 inches, loosely csespitose, bark cells 2—3, layers porose. Br. 3—4 in fasc., very long, attenuated, 2 arcuate and decurved, rest pendulous, filiform. St. 1. obovate, broad, very obtuse, and fringed at the summit, cells without fibres or pores, border very broad below, but quickly narrows and vanishes; br. 1. lower ovate-lanceolate, upper elongate-lanceolate, acute, cells fibrillose and porose, chi. cells compressed, enclosed, but nearer the upper surface; per. 1. very large, obtuse, cucullate. Caps, on a short pedicel, nearly enclosed in the per. leaves. Monoicous. Bogs and marshes. Frequent. June, July. 18. S. strictum, Lindb. MS. Resembles fimbriatum, but is more robust, yellowish-green or pale brownish. St. straight, pale, 6—10 inches, cortical cells 3—4, layers porose. St. 1. erect, appressed, ligulate-spathu- late, truncate, and laciniate-fimbriate at apex, cells without fibres or pores, with a broad border of narrow cells extending to apex. Br. 3—4, of which 2—3 are spreading, flagelliform, the rest deflexed, appressed, filiform. Br. 1. erecto-patent, ovate-lanceolate and lanceolate, cells fibrose with numerous large pores, chi. cells trigonous, compressed near upper surface. Dioicous. Shallow bogs on subalpine heaths. Ben Ledi, Kilim, Ben Lawers, Glen Lyon, Banchory; Dent and Skegglesmere in Westmoreland.SPHAGNUM. 55 Var. /3. squareosulum, Russ. Plants very small. Br. 1. recurved at apex. 19. S. squarrosum, Pers. St. 6—15 inches, rigid, reddish-brown, often forked, cortical cells in 2 layers, non-porose. St. 1. large, Ungulate, not bordered, minutely auricled, apex rounded, slightly fimbriate, cells without fibres or pores. Br. 4—5 in fasc., 2—3 divergent, tumid, attenuated towards apex. L. on lower two-thirds squarrose and recurved from middle, rest elongate; leaves of pendulous branches appressed, slender, imbricate. Br. 1. base broadly ovate, concave, suddenly lanceolate, apex minutely 3—4 toothed, margin of 2—3 rows of very narrow cells, chi. cells compressed, entirely enclosed by hyaline, which are fibrose and porose. Monoicous. Boggy places near moorland streams, &c. Frequent. July. Var. /3. squareosulum. Smaller. St. pale green, L. more distant, small. More shady alpine places. 20. S. teres, Angst. Tufts small, soft, pale yellowish- green, often ferruginous. St. slender, 4—8 inches, pale red, cortical cells 3 layers, non-porose. St. 1. as in squarrosum. Br. distant, 4—5 in fasc., 2—3 diver- gent, terete. L. imbricate throughout, their apices only slightly recurved, broadly ovate, pointed, 3-toothed. Dioicous. Edges of subalpine bogs and springs. Not common. Knutsford Moor, Wybunbury Bog, Newchurch Bog, all in Cheshire; Dorme, in Scotland; Staveley, West- moreland. 21. S. Lindbergii, Schp. Tufts dense, 6—12 inches, .yellowish-green tinged with red or purplish-brown.56 SYNOPSIS OP BRITISH MOSSES. St. solid, dark brown, cortical cells 3—4 layers, irre- gular, without pores. St. 1. crowded, reflexed, broadly lingulate, auricled, apex broad, truncate, fringed, fibres and pores occur sparingly in the large auricles, other cells generally empty. Fasc. of 3—4 branches, 2—3 arcuate and divergent, the rest pendent, elongate and closely appressed. Br. 1. in 5 rows, not undulate, firm, glossy, ovate at base, lanceolate above, toothed and involute at apex, cells fibrose and porose, chi. cells narrow, elliptic, quite enclosed but nearer back of leaf, border widest at base of 3—4 rows of very narrow cells. Perichastium large, inflated. Monoicous. Deep bogs. July. Ben Wyvis, Boss-shire (McKinlay, 1867). 22. S. intermedium, Hoffm. PI. robust, straight, yellow or pale green, pale brown or whitish below. St. 6—12 inches, greenish-white, cortical cells 2—3 layers, small, non-porose. St. 1. small, reflexed, ovato- triangulai-, minutely auricled without fibres or pores, broadly bordered, apex obtuse, 3—5 toothed. Br. 4—5 in fasc., 2 arched downwards, the rest penderit, closely appressed and concealing the stem. Br. 1. erecto-patent, densely imbricate, involute above, mar- gins involute and points recurved when dry, apex minutely toothed, border narrow of 2—3 rows of very narrow cells. Hyaline cells densely fibrose, with a few small pores, chi. cells trigonous, free on back of leaf. Dioicous. Moorlands, wet heaths, and mountain bogs. Fre- quent. J uly. Yar. /8. riparium. Taller. St. 1. triangular, erose, fringed. Br. 1. ovate-lanceolate, non-fibrose at apex. Yar. 7. speciosum. 10—18 inches, deep green. St.SPHAGNUM. 57 1. large, longer, deeply fringed. Br. 1. long, lanceolate, with a subulate point, recurved when dry, no fibres in upper cells. Var. S. eulchrum, Braith., Sphag., p. 81. Robust, densely tufted, yellow-green, with a golden fulvous tinge above. St. 1. acute, contracted at point into a minute, recurved apiculus, cells in upper part fibrillose. Fowls!)aw Moss and Broadgate Bog (Stabler), Wheeldale Moor (Anderson), Carrington Moss (Hunt), Whitchurch, Salop (Boswell, 1882). 23. S. cuspidatum, Ehr. Tufts soft, submerged or floating, generally greenish. St. 6—18 inches, slender, pale green, cortical cells 2—3 layers, not porose. St. 1. ovate-oblong, with a broad border of very narrow cells, upper half fibrose. Br. 3—5 in fasc., all diver- gent or 1—2 pendent but not concealing the stem. Br. 1. narrowly lanceolate, imbricate, flexuose when dry, often slightly falcato-secund, with a broader border. Chi. cells trigono-elliptic, free on posterior surface. Dioicous. Moorlands in pools. Frequent. July. Yar. B. Torreyanum. Yery large and robust, colour dirty brown. St. stout. St. 1. large, without fibres ; br. 1. very large, elongate, lanceolate-acuminate, broadly margined, erose-denticulate, and semitubular at apex. Wet bogs; near Whitchurch, Salop. H. Boswell, October, 1882.58 SYNOPSIS OP BRITISH MOSSES. Division II. STEGOMITRIA (Musci genuini). Section I. ACROCARPI. Tribe iv. Weissiace®. Fam. Weissise. 4. SYSTEGIUM, Schp. 24. S. crispnm, Hedw. St. | inch, csespitose, with fastigiate branches. L. lanceolate-subulate, grooved, erect or spreading, margins involute, nerve excurrent; per. 1. very long, concave at base, sometimes almost secund. Caps, roundish, immersed, pale brown, beak oblique. Banks and fields, chiefly limestone. Spring. 25. S. Mittenii, Schp. (ed. 1, p. 31). St. fragile, flexuose, erect. St. 1. squarrose and recurved, broadly lanceolate, nerve thick, terete, vanishing at apex. Caps, on a longer pale seta, ovate, lid small, beak rostrate. Damp clay soils, roadsides, &c. Spring. Hurstpierpoint, Sussex. Mr. Mitten. 26. S. mnlticapsulare, Smith. St. \ in., loosely tufted. L. distant, alternate, spreading, lanceolate, recurved above the middle, somewhat obtuse, with an excurrent nerve and plane margin; per. 1. longer and broader, erect, incurved. Caps, ovate, elliptic, tapering to an oblique short beak, on a longish pedicel, sometimes two together. Clay fields, &c. Rare. Sussex, Cheshire, Yorkshire, &c. March.HYMENOSTOHUM. 59 5. HYMENOSTOMTJM, R. Br. 27. H. rostellatum, Brid. St. $—J inch, tufted. L. lower linear-lanceolate, upper longer, linear-lanceo- late, erecto-patent, papillose, nerve excurrent, margin plane. Caps, olive-brown, ovoid, elliptical, with a straight beak, scarcely exserted, pedicel equalling caps, in length. Dried beds of pools, &c. Autumn, spring. 28. H. microstomum, Hedw. St. J-—\ inch, densely tufted. L. linear-lanceolate, acute, patent from an erect base, upper ones longest, nerve excurrent, mu- cronate. Caps, elliptical, exserted, sometimes oblique and gibbous, olive-brown, much contracted, lid with a longish curved beak. Fields, &c., clay, sand. Spring. Yar. /3. obliquum. Caps, oblong, oblique, lid sub- rostrate. Yar. 7. brevikostre. Caps, oblong, symmetrical, lid short, conical. Yar. 8. bhachycarpdm. Caps, roundish, gibbous. Yar. e. elatum. Innovations overtopping fruit. Caps, roundish, small, lid subrostrate. 29. H. commutatum, Mitt. “L. from a suboblong base, lanceolate, narrowed, keeled with the nerve, which vanishes below apex, cells nearly all elongated and pellucid; per. 1. similar.” Caps, turbinate, lid with a very oblique longish beak. Alpine rocks. Nant-y-Fydd, Wrexham. Mr. Bowman. 30. H. squarrosum, Nees and H. St. J inch, loosely tufted. L. linear-lanceolate, squarrose, distant, blunt, nerve running out into a mucro. Caps, elliptical, symmetrical, lid conical with a blunt beak.60 SYNOPSIS OP BRITISH MOSSES. Clayfields and banks. Autumn, spring. 31. H. tortile, Schw. St. |inch, densely tufted with fastigiate branches. L. oblong-lanceolate, spread- ing or suberect, curved, concave, margin incurved, obtuse, pointed with the excurrent nerve. Caps, ovate- oblong, with a purple mouth and an inclined beaked lid. Limestone rocks. May, June. 6. GYMNOSTOMUM, Bry. Bur. 32. G. calcareum, Miill. St. short, simple, densely tufted, radiculose at base. L. lower small, ferruginous, erecto-patent, narrowly lanceolate, upper larger, deep green, linear-lanceolate, rather obtuse, concave, stoutly nerved nearly to apex, margin minutely crenulate; per. 1. lanceolate, concave, acute. Caps, oblong, sub- cylindric, short-necked, erect, on a pale yellow seta, lid conical, subulate. Cheedale, Derbyshire. W. West, 1880. Yar. S. brevipolium, Schpr. Slender branched. L. lower very minute, distant, upper crowded, ovate- lanceolate, recurved above. Caps. oval. Damp rocks and walls. Blackhall, near Banchory, Deeside. Mr. Sim. Barren. 33. G. rupestre, Schw. St. 1—2 inches, densely tufted, slender, dichotomous. L. linear-lanceolate, more or less papillose, spreading, obtuse, keeled, thickly nerved nearly to apex. Caps, erect, oval, lid flattish, suddenly rising to a longish scarcely bent beak. Wet alpine rocks. Autumn. 34. G. curvirostrum, Eedw. St. £—1 inch, casspitoso branches fastigiate. L. erecto-patent, linear-lanceolate, spreading keeled, margins recurved, smooth, or mi-ANCECTANGIUM—EUCLADIOM—GYKO WEISSIA—WEISSIA. 61 nutely papillose, nerved nearly to apex. Caps, broadly ovoid, lid adhering to columella, conical flattened, with a long suddenly bent beak. Moist subalpine calcareous rocks. Autumn. 7. ANCECTANGIUM, B. and S. 35. A. compactum, Schleich. St. 1—4 inches, densely tufted, slender. L. short, lanceolate, spreading from an erect base, acuminate, densely papillose, slightly serrulate, nerved to or beyond apex. Caps, oval-oblong, erect, mouth red, shining, lid long, convex, with a slender oblique beak. Crevices of moist alpine schistose rocks. Autumn. 8. EUCLADIUM, Br. and Sch. 36. E. verticillatum, L. (?) St. j—§ inch. Br. fas- tigiate. L. linear-lanceolate, rigid, denticulate at base, above remotely crenulate, suberect, margin plane, with a strong slightly excurrent nerve. Caps, erect, reddish, lid subulate. Dripping limestone rocks. June, July. 9. GYRO WEISSIA, Schp. 37. G. tenuis, Schrad. St. tufted. L. lingulate, suberect, upper ones longest, entire, obtuse, concave, nerved nearly to apex. Caps, oblong elliptic, pale brown, lid obtuse, shortly rostrate. Sandstone rocks and walls. July, August, 10. WEISSIA, Eedw. 38. W. viridula (ed. 1, W. controversa). St. || inch, branched. L. lower lanceolate, upper linear-62 SYNOPSIS OF BRITISH MOSSES. lanceolate, margin incurved, with a slightly excurrent nerve. Caps, oval, erect, lid conical, beak half-length of capsule, seta twisted, reddish. Barren fl. gemmi- form. Frequent. Spring. 39. W. mucronata, B. and S. Smaller than last. L. linear-lanceolate, with plane margins, concave above, the nerve more excurrent and forming a mucro. Caps, oblong, elliptic, teeth of per. short, truncate, perforated, lid with a longish beak. Barren fl. gemmiform. Fallow (clay) ground. March, April. 11. DICE,ANOWEISSIA, Lindb. 40. D. crispula, Hedw. St. shorter than last, branched. L. spreading, frequently falcato-secund, lanceolate-subulate, base wide, concave, margins plane, not nerved to apex. Caps, oval or oblong without annulus, lid beaked. Barren fl. gemmiform. Mountainous rocks. June, July. 41. D. cirrhata, Hedw. St. 5—1 inch, loosely tufted. L. linear-lanceolate, spreading, entire, concave, keeled, margin reflexed, not nerved to apex; per. 1. slightly sheathing, shorter. Caps, oval-oblong, lid with a long beak. Posts and rocks in mountainous districts. Spring. 42. D. Bruntoni, B. and S. (ed. 1, Cynodontium). St. 4—1 inch, tufted. Br. fastigiate. L. linear-lan- ceolate or lane-subulate, flexuose, concave, minutely papillose, keeled, sometimes minutely denticulate at apex, margin reflexed, twisted when dry, nerved almost ox quite to apex; per. 1. sheathing. Caps, erect, oval- oblong or elliptical, smooth, with a long oblique beak. Subalpine siliceous rocks. May, June.RHABDOWEISSIA — CYNODONTIUM. 63 12. RHABDOWEISSIA, Bruch, and S. 43. R. fugax, Hedw. (Oncophorus striatus, Br. M. PI., 172). St. 5—5 inch, tufted. L. linear-lanceolate, acute, toothed near apex, margins plane. Caps, ovate, somewhat striated ; teeth of per. subulate, fugacious, lid with an oblique beak longer than capsule. Subalpine rocks, in crevices. June, July. 44. R. denticulata, Brid. (0. crispatus, Br. M. PI., p. 171). St. longer than last, loosely tufted. L. lingulate or linear-lanceolate, strongly toothed halfway from apex. Caps, more distinctly striated when dry, teeth of per. lanceolate, persistent. Alpine and subalpine rocks. Tribe v. Dicranacej:. Fam,. 1. Pseudo-Dicranse. 13. CYNODONTIUM, B. and S. 45. C. gracilescens, W. and M. “L. patent, tortuose, lanceolate, scarcely acuminate, rather obtuse, densely papillose on both sides, nerved nearly to apex. Caps, on a flexuose seta, erect, oblong, not strumose ” (B. Braithwaite), ribbed when dry, with a long-beaked lid. Glen Phee, Clova. Yery rare. August, 46. C. polycarpum, Ehr. (ed. 1, Dicranum; Oncophorus, Br. M. PL, 169). L. bent, flexuose, lanceolate-subulate or linear-lanceolate, keeled, margin recurved, some- what papillose, denticulate at apex, nerve excurrent. Caps, erect, symmetrical, striated, neck tapering. Alpine rocks. July* August. 47. C. strumiferum, Ehr. Slender, branched. L. lanceolate, subulate, generally slightly denticulate at apex, where nerve vanishes, papillose. Caps, sub-64 SYNOPSIS OF BRITISH MOSSES. cernuous or cernuous, gibbose-ovate, distinctly stru- mose. Glen Phee, Braemar, Teesdale, &c. Rare. August. 48. C. virens, Eedw. (ed. 1, Dicranum; Oncophorus, Br. M. FI., 165). St. 1—3 inches, branched, radiculose. L. erect, ovate-lanceolate at base, sheathing, running to a long subdenticulate, almost setaceous prolongation, margins recurved, nerve thick, subexcurrent. Caps, cernuous, strumose, smooth, oblong, and curved, lid beaked. Moist alpine rocks; Ben Lawers, &c. June, July. Yar. /3. serraths. L. patent, spreading, coarsely serrate. “ N. of England, Prof. Barker, 1876.”—Braithwaite. 49. C. Wahlenbergii, Brid. (Oncophorus, Br. M. FL). St. short, scarcely branched. L. distant, narrowed suddenly from a broad sheathing base into a long linear acute subula, entire, or sometimes faintly toothed near apex. Caps, obovate, short, much incurved, only slightly strumose. Glen Callater. Rare. August. Var. (3. compactus. Very compact. L. denser, strongly curled, entire. Braemar, Little Craigandal. 14. DICHODONTITTM, Schp. 50. D. pellucidum, Redw. St. 1—2 inches, loosely tufted. L. distant, lanceolate, squarrose, or patent, spreading, margins undulate, denticulate at apex, papillose, obtuse. Caps, shortly ovate, cernuous, gibbose, lid conical, rostrate. Dioicous. Wet stones in streams. October, November.TREMATODON—DICRANELLA. 65 Yar. /3. pagimontanum. St. short. Br. slender. L. shorter. Var. y. serratum. L. crenato-serrate, with a more acute point. Caps, elliptic or oblong, erect or nearly so, lid with a slender beak. Fam. 2. Dicranse-verse. 15. TKEMATODON, Rich. 51. T. ambiguus, Hedw. St. branched, flexuose. L. erecto-patent, spreading, curved, from an ovate- oblong, concave base, lanceolate-subulate, channelled, nerve strong, excurrent into an apiculus. Caps, oblong, with a long tapering neck, subarcuate, on a flexuose yellow seta. Annulus broad, lid subulirostrate. Per. t. confluent at base into a membrane, unequally cleft, incurved when dry (Sch. Syn., p. 69). Bare damp places, bogs, &c. Summer. Tummel Bridge, Perthshire. R. Braithwaite, M.D, August, 1883. In small quantity. 16. DICRANELLA, Schp. Section 1. L. squarrose or patent. a. Monoicous. 52. D. crispa, Hedw. St. \ inch, gregarious. L. subulate, from a broadish sheathing base, setaceous above, long, spreading, flexuose, minutely dentate, nerved to apex. Caps, almost erect, oval or obovate, striate, seta red, lid with a long, oblique, subulate beak. Monoicous. Moist sandy banks. Not common. August, September. p66 SYNOPSIS OP BRITISH MOSSES. b: Dioicous. 53. D. Grevilliana, B. and S. (Anisothecium Grevillei, Br. M. FL). L. with a broad sheathing base, suddenly lanceolate-subulate, prolonged, wide-spreading and wavy, entire, nerve broad. Caps, ovate, substriate, strumose, lid with a beak longer than capsule. Monoicous. Damp clay, subalpine. Bare. September. Glen Tilt, Blair Athole, Glen Sbee. 54. D. Scbreberi, Hedw. (Anisothecium crispum, Br. M. FL). St. inch, subcaespitose, branched sparingly. L. base broad, suddenly lanceolate-subulate, spreading, flexuose, keeled, denticulate at apex. Caps, ovate- oblong, scarcely strumose, cernuous, not striate, lid conical, shortly rostrate. Dioicous. Clayey or sandy soil near streams. Bare. October, November. Lancashire, Cheshire, Yorkshire, Scotland, Ireland. 55. D. squarrosa, Schrad. (Anisothecium, Br. M. FL). St. 1—3 inches, dichotomous. L. lanceolate, from a broad sheathing base, obtuse, undulate, entire, concave, recurved, nerve narrow, reaching nearly to apex. Caps, ovate-oblong, cernuous, lid long, conical, with a short beak. Wet mountainous places. August, September. 56. D. cerviculata, Hed. St. j inch, sparingly branched. L. spreading, flexuose, almost setaceous from a broadish amplexicaul base, entire, nerved into the subula. Caps, roundish-ovate, gibbous, strumose, seta yellow, lid with a long oblique or curved subulate beak. Wet sandy banks or on turf. Frequent. June, July. Yar. /?. pusilla. St. shorter, simple. L. smaller, suberect. Caps, smaller and less gibbous.DICRANELLA. 67 Section 2. Secund or subsecund. a. Dioicous. 57. D. varia, Hedw. (Anisothecium rubrum, Br. M. FI.). St. | inch, csespitose. L. erecto-patent, lanceor late, entire, keeled, subdenticulate at apex, margin reflexed, nerve scarcely excurrent. Caps, inclined, curved, ovate or oblong, slightly tumid, lid shortly beaked, seta twisted to the right. Moist banks. November, December. Yar. /3. TENUiFOiuuM (D. fallax, ed. 1, p. 43). L. narrow, obscurely nerved. Capa, nearly symmetric. Yar. y. tenellum. St. slender, scarcely branched. L. falcato-secund, distantly denticulate. Var. S. callistomum. L. scarcely secund. Caps, erect, obovate, truncated, lid almost as long as caps. 58. D. rufescens, Turn. (Anisothecium, Br. M. FI.). St. short, bright red, scarcely branched. L. erecto- patent, linear-lanceolate, obscurely toothed, reddish, margins plane, secund, pellucid, nerve strong, vanishing at apex. Caps, erect, ovate or obovate, slightly tumid, with a conical beaked lid, seta red, twisted to the left. Moist clay banks. October, November. 59. D. subulata, Hedw. (D. secunda, Br. M. FI.). St. i—1 inch. L. falcato-secund, setaceous from an oblong, lanceolate base, entire, nerve excurrent. Caps, ovate, gibbous, cernuous, striate when dry, seta red; per. 1. sheathing. Moist shady stony banks. September, October. 60. D. curvata, Hedw. Csespitose. St. bi-tripartite. L. setaceous from a shortly ovate semi-sheathing base, channelled, apex denticulate, falcato-secund. Caps, erect or suberect, ovate-oblong, slightly gibbous, distinctly striate, seta pale red; per. 1. not sheathing. e 268 SYNOPSIS OF BRITISH MOSSES. Wet sandstone rocks. Eare. October—February. Llanberis, N. Wales (W. Wilson), Dolgelly, Dunoon. 61. D. heteromalla, Hedw. St. ^—1 inch, simple or branched, in silky tufts. L. lanceolate, suddenly, seta- ceous, slightly dentate at apex. Caps, obovate, sub- erect, tapering, slightly striate when dry, lid with a long beak, seta pale yellowish. Moist banks and walls. Very common. November—March. Var. /3. stricta. L. erecto-patent, straight, not secund, seta longer, flexuose. Var. 7. interrupta. Larger. St. interrupted, leafy. L. spreading or falcato-secund. Var. 8. sericea, Schp. Plants taller. L. longer and narrower, diverging almost on all sides, pale green or yellowish, often strongly and remotely toothed. Soccoth Hill, Arrochar (McKinlay). 17. DICRANUM, Hedio. [I follow Dr. Braithwaite’s arrangement entirely in this genus.] Section 1. ARCTOA. Plants radiculose at base only. L. lanceolate, subu- late, entire. Caps, small, with a tapering or strumose neck. 62. D. fulvellum, Sm. St. \ — 2 inches, densely tufted. L. somewhat secund, often falcate, subulate- setaceous, dull green, sometimes slightly toothed at apex, nerve predominant; per. 1. large, sheathing. Caps, ovate, sometimes gibbous, 8-furrowed, lid red, obliquely beaked; barren fl. gemmiform. Monoicous. Fissures of alpine rocks. July. Scotland, N. Wales, Yorkshire, Lakes, &c.DICRANUM. 69 63. D. scMsti, Gunn (D. Blyttii, ed. 1). St. branched, fastigiate. L. flexuoso-patent, or subsecund, from an erect base lanceolate-subulate, soft, entire, nerve excurrent into a fine point; per. 1. sheathing, suddenly subulate. Caps, subcernuous, ovate, incurved, without striae, strumose, lid obliquely rostrate. Alpine and subalpine rocks. Not common. August. Scotland, N. Wales, Yorkshire. 64. D. falcatum, Hedw. St. shorter, dichotomously branched and fastigiate. L. strongly falcato-secund, from a lanceolate base, subulato-setaceous, concave, denticulate at apex, nerve excurrent. Caps, cernuous, shortly obovate, strumose, almost smooth when dry, lid large, beaked. Alpine rocks. August, September. Scotland, N. Wales, Yorkshire. 65. D. Starkii, Web. and M. St. 1—3 in., branched. L. subulate-setaceous from a lanceolate base, falcato- secund, entire, not crisped, nerve narrow, excurrent. Caps, oblong, cylindric, arcuate, gibbons, strumose, striate, subcernuous, with a long oblique beak. Alpine rocks. August. Scotland, Wales. 66. D. molle, Wils. (D. glaciale, ed. 1). St. 2—5 inches. L. erecto-patent, oblong-lanceolate, subulate, erecto-patent, purplish, margin incurved, nerve narrow, vanishing in apex. Caps, oblong-cylindric incurved, not striate, beak short, oblique. Summits of highest Scotch mountains. August, September. Section 2. EU-DICRANUM. Plants robust, tomentose, generally dioicous. L.70 SYNOPSIS OF BRITISH MOSSES. lanceolate, the longitudinal walls of their cells commu- nicating by fine pores. Caps, cernuous, cylindraceous, more or less arcuate. a. L. not undulate. 67. D.majus, Smith. St. 2—6 inches, loosely casspi- tose. L. lanceolate-subulate, falcato-secund, concave, dentato-serrate at apex and hack, nerve excurrent. Caps, horizontally cernuous, curved, furrowed when dry, lid with a very long oblique beak, setae pale, aggregate. Shady hanks, &c., in woods. Frequent. July, August. 68. D. scoparium, Hedw. St. 2—4 inches, loosely tufted, dichotomous. L. lanceolate-subulate, second or falcato-secund, carinato-concave, margins indexed, serrate at apex; nerve with about four prominent ridges at back, serrate at apex, upper cells linear-rectangular ; per. 1. larger, convolute. Caps, cylindrical, slightly curved, seta solitary, lid with a long beak. Shady banks and rocks. Common. July, August. Yar. /3. alpestre. Denser. L. denser, broader, slightly secund, margin and nerve scarcely toothed. Killarney. Yar. 7. recurvatum. Slender, elongate. L. suddenly larger above, falcato-secund. Sussex. Var. S. turfosum. Tall, glossy, with few radicles. L. erecto-patent, subcuspidate at apex, almost entire, dark-coloured below. Lofthouse, Yorkshire. Yar. e. orthophyllum. Tufts dense, radiculose. L. nearly erect, rigid, elongate, almost entire at apex.DICRANCM. 71 Var. f. PALUDOSUM. Dense bright green tufts, much radiculose. L. short, broad, subsecund, sharply serrate and rugulose at apex. Scotland, Derbyshire. b. L. transversely undulate. 69. D. Bonjeanii, Be Not. (B. palustre, ed. 1). St. 3—6 inches, erect, branched, subfastigiate. L. spread- ing, subsecund, linear-lanceolate, acute, terminal ones crowded into a cuspidate cluster on the barren shoots, serrate at apex, nerve thin and narrow, not reaching to apex, smooth at back or faintly serrate near apex, their upper cells elongate. Caps, suberect, slightly curved, subcylindrical, striate. Marshy places and moist banks. Aug., September. Var. /3. joniperifolidm. With shorter, wider, and more rigid leaves. Var. 7. calcareum. St. shorter, more rigid. L. secund, subfalcate, margins incurved, slightly undulate and serrate only at apex. Bare. Sussex. 70. D. Bergeri, Bland. (B. Schraderi, ed. 1). St. 3—6 inches. L. broadly lanceolate, subsecund, rather obtuse, carinato-coDcave, subrugose, toothed on margin and keel, subpapillose at back near apex, upper cells small, quadrate, nerve vanishing at apex. Caps, oval- oblong, incurved, lid rostrate. Turfy bogs. Rare. August, September. Risley Moss and Wybunbury Bog, Cheshire. 71. D. spurium, Hedw. St. 2—4 inches, loosely csespitose, densely tomentose. L. ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, eroso-denticulate, papillose at back, not72 SFNOPSIS OF BRITISH MOSSES. nerved to apex. Caps, sub cylindrical, arcuate, slightly strumose, striate, lid with a long curved beak. Moors and bogs. Not common. July. Section 3. APORODICTYON. Plants of medium size, radiculose. L. lanceolate- subulate, their cell walls not interrupted by pores. Caps, cernuous or erect, cylindraceous, curved or symmetric. a. Caps, cernuous, curved. 72. D. congestum, Brid. St. erect, 1—2 inches, densely tomentose. L. crowded, linear-lanceolate, secund, coarsely serrate above, nerve narrow, thin, scarcely reaching apex, where it is sometimes distantly toothed, upper cells larger than in fuscescens, and irregular in form. Caps, ovate-oblong, with a long- beaked lid. Dioicous. Mountain rocks. Very rare. August. Ben Lawers, 1878 (Boswell). Yar./S. flexicaule. St. longer, flexuose. L. longer, almost entire. Pare. Ben Lawers, Lochnagar, Teesdale. 73. D. fuscescens, Turn. St. 2—4 inches, loosely tufted, tomentose. L. spreading, subsecund, flexuose, canaliculate, minutely toothed at apex, nerve broad, excurrent, forming the whole of the subula, lower cells rectangular, upper small, quadrate, papillose at back. Caps, oblong, incurved, furrowed when dry, lid with a very long beak. Dioicous. Alpine and subalpine rocks. Frequent. August. Var./3. falcifouuh, Braith. “L. all falcato-secund,.DICKANUM. 73 flexuoso-cirrhate towards apex, shorter and less at- tenuated to point.” Teesdale, Dunoon. 74. D. elongatum, Schleich. St. 3—6 inches, tomen- tose. L. oblong-lanceolate, subulate, incurved above, margin entire or nearly so, lower cells rectangular, elongate, upper smaller, oblong. Caps, ovate, gibbous,, scarcely striate, lid with a long oblique beak. Peat in mountainous places. Rare. August. Braemar and Inverness-shire. b. Caps, erect, symmetric. 75. D. montanum, Hedw. (Weissia truncicola, ed. 1). In large, dense, bright green tufts. St. 1—2 inches, dichotomous, reddish, radiculose below. L. erect when moist, and often secund on the young shoots, rather soft, papillose at back, from a narrowly lanceolate base, gradually subulate, channelled, thinly nerved nearly to apex, margin not revolute, sharply denticulate above and on the back of the nerve, strongly cirrhate and twisted when dry, basal cells large, cylindraceo- vesicular, the rest small, quadrate. Trunks of trees and roots in woods. Rare. Several woods in Midland counties ; Den of Airlie; Wharncliffe woods (?) Dr. Parsons. 76. D. flagellare, Hedw. St. %—1 inch, branched, tomentose, giving off flagellse, whose leaves are small, upright, obtuse. L. lanceolate, secund, spreading, tufted at summit of stem, curled when dry, elongated into a smooth, almost tubular subula, slightly toothed at extreme apex, where nerve vanishes. Caps, reddish, striate. Trunks and roots of trees. Yery rare. August.74 SYNOPSIS OF BRITISH MOSSES. Kent (Holmes), 1874. N.B.—Nos. 75, 76 are hitherto sterile in Britain. 77. D. viride, Sull. and Lesq. Dioicous, in dense cushions, or casspitose, reddish and tomentose at base, above dark green. Branches dichotomous. L. oblong- lanceolate, subulate, scarcely twisted when dry, basal cells enlarged, lax, hyaline, above small, quadrate, not serrulate, nerve running out in the concave awl; per. 1. sheathing. Caps, erect, oblong, slightly incurved, lid with a long beak. Trunks of trees, &c. Bare. July, August. Staffordshire (Mr. Bloxam), 1864. 78. D. Scottianum, Turn. {D. Scottii, Br. M. PI.). St. 2 or 3 inches, robust. L. erecto-patent, subsecund, incurved, lanceolate-subulate, slightly twisted at apex only when dry, concave, entire, basal cells elongate, thickened, upper small, quadrate, nerve strong, excur- rent. Caps, elongate, slightly curved, tapering at base, lid obliquely rostrate. Rocks in mountainous districts. Not common. July, August. Ireland, South of England, Argyle, &c. 79. [D. Sauteri, B. and S. Differs from above in its leaves being more subulate, slightly serrulate at apex, and the basal alar cells very long. Its var. /3. curvuluh, which has its caps, horizontal and curved, is supposed to be British, from specimens in Herb. A. 0. Black (Braithwaite).] 80. D. longifolium, Hedw. Csespitose, tufts pale green or whitish. St. arcuate or geniculate, ascending, slightly radiculose. L. long, falcato-secund, rarely spreading, longly subulate from a lanceolate base, nerve very broad, margin and back serrate at apex;DICRANODONTIUM. 75 per. 1. convolute, sheathing. Caps, elongate-cylindrical, upright or subincurved, without striae, brown, beak subulate. Dioicous. Subalpine rocks. Rare. Autumn. Ben Lawers, 1866 (Dr. Stirton), Dumfries, Glen Prosen. 81. D. asperulum, Mitt. (Dicmnodontium aristatum, Auct.). Dioicous. Tufts 2—3 inches, tomentose. L. falcato-secund, subulate from an ovate base, nerve occupying the whole of the long subula, serrulate on margin and spinulose at back, cells lax, pellucid, larger and hyaline at basal angles. Caps, on a long, twisted, yellow seta, oval-cylindric, plicate when old, lid with a long, straight, subulate beak. Mountainous sandstone rocks. Scottish mountains. 82. D. uncinatum, Harv. {D. circinnatum, ed. 1). Dioicous, in loose, irregular, light green tufts. St. 3—6 inches, dichotomous, geniculate or ascending, radiculose. L. very long, secund, arcuate from an oblong sheathing base, decurrent at angles, longly subulate, concave, nerve flattened, covering one-fifth of base and all the subula, which is denticulate at back and margins, base laxly areolate in middle, with narrower cells at margin. Pr. unknown. Ben Yoirlich, Clova, Ben Nevis, &c. 18. DICRANODONTIUM, Br. and S* 83. D. longirostre, B. and S. (Bidymodon denudatus, * I have felt myself obliged to use this generic name for this species, although Dr. Braithwaite, rightly I think, prefers the older name Didymodon for it, but as that is used further on for other species, 1 cannot adopt it here.76 SYNOPSIS OP BRITISH MOSSES. Br. M. FI.). St. 1—3 inches, blackish. L. deciduous, falcato-secund, subulato-setaceous, from an ovate, sheathing, auriculate base, denticulate above on pre- dominant nerve. Caps, elliptic-oblong, smooth, on a thick curved or flexuose seta, with a long straight beak. Mountainous woods. Rare. October. Scotland, N. Wales, Ireland, Cheshire, Yorkshire, Lancashire. Var. /3. alpinum, Schp. (Campylopus alpinus, ed. 1). Taller and more robust. L. not deciduous, erect or subsecund, rather rigid (Braithwaite). Scotland, Yorkshire, N. Wales, Ireland. 19. CAMPYLOPUS, Brid. Section 1. Leaves without hyaline points, a. L. not auricled at base. 84. C. pyriformis, Brid. (G. turfac-eus, B. and S.). Tufts flat, olivaceous or bright green, finally tawny. St. —1 inch, slender, erect, radiculose only at base. L. less crowded, gradually larger upwards, erecto- patent, lower lanceolate, middle lanceolate-subulate, upper from a lanceolate base, setaceous, nerve one-third base, thin, channelled at back. Areolae resembling C. jiexuosus, but thinner, hyaline at base. Fr. several from same apex. Caps, ovate, olivaceous, fulvous when ripe, sulcate, lid obliquely rostrate. Calyptra whitish, tip brown. Moist heaths and sides of ditches. Winter, spring. 85. C. fragilis, B. and S. Tufts pale green, glossy. St. 4—2 inches, fragile. L. densely crowded, erecto- patent, rigid, incumbent when dry, lower lanceolate, upper extended into a subula, toothed at apex, wingsCAMPYLOPTJS. 77 recurved above, nerve very broad. Basal areolae lax, pellucid, narrow, rectangular, above minute, quadrate, no distinct alar cells. Caps, solitary, bent down, oval, symmetric, fuscous, when dry plicate, contracted below the mouth, lid couico-subulate, oblique, red. Calyptra whitish, rufous at apex. Sandstone rocks and moist heaths. Var. /3. census, B. and S. St. taller. L. shorter, with more acute, entire points and laxer cells. 86. C. Schimperi, Milde. Tufts dense, compact. St. 1—2 inches, slender, light silky green above, fuscous below. L. erecto-patent, appressed when dry, straight, rigid, lanceolate-subulate, channelled, denticulate only at apex, nerve very broad, basal cells lax, rectangular, hyaline, very narrow at margin, above elliptic. Alpine hills. Scotland. 87. C. subulatus, Schpr. (C. brevifolius, ed. 1). St. | inch, yellowish-green, not radiculose, with caducous ramuli. L. short, rigid, erect, lanceolate, longly acu- minate, concave, obsoletely toothed at apex, nerve half base, basal areolae hyaline, lax, rectangular, gradually shorter and more quadrate, lower ones with their transverse walls much thickened. Dry and stony places. Scotland, Ireland. Yar. /3. elongatus, Boswell. “ Tufts broad, exten- sive, solid, dense. St. slender, elongate, 1—2 inches, copiously radiculose below, repeatedly innovating, with fasciculate branches above. Br. without radicles. L. as in type. “ Muddy banks of B. Wye, near Builth.” H. Boswell, “ Naturalist/5 ix. p. 28 (Sept., 1883).78 SYNOPSIS OF BRITISH MOSSES. b. L. auricled at base. 88. C. Swartzii, Schpr. Tufts dense, soft, yellowish- green, brownish below, without radicles. St. 2—3 inches, slender. L. erecto-patent, straight or slightly secund, lowest lanceolate, upper lanceolate-subulate, eutire at apex, base somewhat sheathing, auricles hyaline, inflated, decurrent, nerve two-thirds of base, finely sulcate at back towards apex, basal areolae narrow, auricular, very lax, hexagono-rectangular, hyaline, above subquadrate. Granite alpine rocks. Wales, Scotland, Ireland. 89. C. Shawii, Wils. MS. Tufts lax, yellow-green above, blackish-brown below, 1—2 inches high. St. robust, with numerous radicles. L. erecto-patent, straight, rigid, from a somewhat contracted, linear base, lanceolate, longly subulate, suddenly narrowed at one-third their length, margin involute above, apex acute, with a few minute denticulations, nerve two- thirds width of base, cells at basal wings enlarged, lax, reddish-brown, exterior rows hyaline, above rectan- gular, and then rhomboido-elliptic. L. falcate when growing in dry places. Outer Hebrides, 1866 (Mr. Shaw). 90. C. setifolius, Wils. Tufts lax, soft, bright or yellowish-green above, blackish below, without radicles. St. 5—10 inches, slender, erect, geniculate. L. distant, erecto-patent or subsecund, glossy, from a lanceolate base, gradually running into a very long subula, sometimes half twisted, uppermost with wings serrate, nerve half width of base, auricles very large and inflated, the cells partly fuscous, partly hyaline, hexa- gonal, above hexagono-rectangular, upper rhombic,CAMPtLOPUS. 79 chlorophyll ose. Flowers of eacli. sex collected in capitula, males 3—-4, females numerous. Wet places, and clefts of rocks. Scotland, Ireland. 91. C. flexuosus, Brid. Tufts dense, yellowish-green. St. I—inches high, erect, dichotomous, with rufous purple radicles to apex, bearing gemmae intermixed. L. patent, straight, or secund, subfalcate, lower lanceo- late, upper subulate, uppermost very long and toothed at apex, all concave, glossy, red when old, nerve one-third width of base, angles not decurrent, with short, wide, fuscous cells, others hexagono-rectan- gular, upper quadrate and chlorophyllose ; per. 1. sheathing longly subulate, with a narrower nerve. Calyptra fuscous at apex. Caps, oval, regular, or gibbous, short-necked, olivaceous, with eight striae, sulcate when dry, lid conico-rostrate. Annulus broad, double. Subalpine moist rocks and peaty soil. November. 92. C. paradoxus, Wils. MS. Tufts \—1 inch high, fastigiate, dull yellowish-green above, pale brown below. St. with short lateral ramuli, and few rufous radicles. L. erecto-patent (erecto-appressed when dry), uppermost longest, slightly secund, lanceolate-subulate, concave, apex usually of two teeth, with a few irregular ones below on each side, nerve one-third width of base. Lamina extended to apex, basal cells thin, enlarged, hyaline when young, afterwards fuscous, above rectangular, in 14—16 longitudinal rows, thick- ened and quadrate towards apex. Peaty soil. Cheviots (barren),Boyd and Hardy,1868; Rombold's Moor, Yorkshire; Arran, 1883 (Rev. A. Ley).80 SYNOPSIS OP BRITISH MOSSES. Section 2. Leaves with hyaline 'points. 93. C. atrovirens, Be Not. (C. longipilus, Brid., pro parte; Wils., Bry. Brit.; et Schimp., Muse. Eur. Nov.). Dense tufts 1—3 inches high, above yellowish-green, below brownish, at base black. St. erect, dichotomous, with few radicles at base. L. lower, lax, shorter, the rest densely crowded, erecto-patent, lanceolate, very longly subulato-setaceous, channelled below, auricled, nerve excurrent into a hoary hispid arista, channelled at back, one-third width of leaf base, cells of auricles dilated, castaneous, central colourless, above these subrectangular, uppermost oblongo-elliptic. Female fl. 2, 3 at apex of innovations. Wet rocks, and moorlands in mountainous dis- tricts. Yar. /3. falcatus, Braith. “ St. short, more robust. L. dense, broader, falcato-secund, circinnate, very concave.” Connemara (Barker); Islay, September, 1883 (Rev. A. Ley). 94. C. introflexus, Brid. (G. longipilus, Bry. Eur. pro parte; C.polytrichoides, DeNot.; D. ericetorum, Mitt.). Densely tufted, olivaceous brown below, innov. yellow- green with hoary tips, inches high, sparingly radiculose, dichotomous. L. imbricated, erecto-patent, lanceolate-subulate, channelled, not auricled, wings but little incurved, comal leaves broader, lanceolate- acuminate, lowest muticous, rest prolonged into a diaphanous spinuloso-denticulate arista shorter than the leaf, nerve three-fourths width of limb, lammelluli- gerous at back, basal cells hyaline, large, and empty, gradually becoming obliquely oval and minute, chloro- phyllose, a few fuscous alar cells in comal leaves;LEUCOBRYUM. 81 per. 1. oblong, convolute, subulate at apex. Thecse aggregated on short peduncles, oval, unequal, rough at base, lid obliquely rostrate. Calyptra reaching middle of capsule, sparingly fimbriate. Dry heaths and stony places. Cornwall, Jersey, Scotland, Ireland. 95. C. brevipilus, B. and S. In dense, broad tufts, when dry glossy yellow-green above, fuscescent below, §—inches high, almost free from radicles, fastigiate. L. erect, densely crowded, narrowly lanceolate-subu- late, very concave, the point denticulate at margin and back, scarcely auricled, nerve one-third width of leaf, base excurrent into a short hair point; per. 1. wider, sheathing, narrowed into a hispid hair, margin recurved above base. Areolae lax, basal cells quadrate, above rhomboidal, flexuose, marginal very narrow. Female fl. solitary. Heathy places. Sussex, Hants, Cheshire, York, Arran. Var. auriculatus, Ferg., Rev. Bry., 1879, p. 26. Having more or less conspicuous auricles, composed of large, fuscous cells. Several places in Scotland and England. Tribe vi. Leucobryace.®. 20. LEUCOBRYUM, Hampe. 96. L. glaucum, Hampe. St. 1—6 inches or more, dichotomous, fragile, fastigiate. L. subulate from an ovate-lanceolate base, erect, rather obtuse, and api- culate. Caps, cernuous, strumose, furrowed when dry. Moist, heaths, woods, rare in fr. Winter. G82 SYNOPSIS OP BRITISH MOSSES. Tribe vii. Fissidentaceje. 21. FISSIDENS, Hedw. a. Fruit terminal. 97. F. exilis, Hedw. St. | inch, simple. L. few, lower small, ovate, upper lanceolate-oblong, oblique, acute, margin not bordered, serrulate, nerved to apex, dorsal wing not reaching to base of leaf. Caps, elliptic- oblong, erect, lid conical, obliquely rostrate. Monoi- cous. Shady banks and woods. Not frequent. E. S. I. January—March. 98. F. pusillus, Wils. St. shorter. L. erect, acute, narrowly lanceolate, nerved to apex, border narrow. Caps, suberect, ovate, cylindric, lid with an oblique beak. Dioicous. Sandstone rocks. August, September. Var. /8. Lylei. L. scarcely margined, broader. Rare. Cheshire, Warwick, Hereford, Scotland. Yar. 7. madidus. L. longer and narrower. Caps, subcylindric. Castle Howard, Spruce, 1844. 99. F. incurvus, Schw. St. 5 inch about, ascending from a decumbent base. L. lanceolate, oblong, apicu- late, narrowly margined, nerve ceasing near the serrate apex. Caps, oval, oblique, curved, cernuous, lid conical, rostellate. Perist. not immersed. Barren fl. sessile at base of stem. Shady banks. February, March. Cheshire, Yorkshire, Sussex, Oxon, Dorset, &c. Var. /S. tamarindifolius, Donn. St. slender. L. elliptical, ‘‘ subfalciform apiculate,” with an entire,FISSIDFNS. 83 pellucid, cartilaginous border, nerved to apex. Caps, ovate-oblong, curved, inclined, lid short, conical, with a bluntish point. 100. F. viridulus, L. St. ] inch about. L. lanceolate, acute, entire, bordered, crisped when dry, dorsal wing not reaching to base, nerved nearly to scarcely denti- culate apex. Caps, oval-oblong, erect, lid conical, with a blunt point. Perist. immersed. Barren fl. on a short branch, at base of fertile stem. Shady banks, rivulets on stones, &c. Winter. Yar. /3. fontanus (F. crassipes, ed. 1). St. i—| inch. Plant more robust. L. larger, broader, and more numerous, scarcely nerved to apex. Sluices. October, November. 101. F. bryoides, Hedw. St. j^ inch. L. lanceo- late, acute, apiculate, with a thickened margin, dorsal wing reaching to and broad at the base, strongly nerved to or beyond apex. Caps, elliptical, erect, symmetrical, lid conical, acutely rostellate. Barren fl. axillary. Shady banks. Frequent. Winter. Yar. /3. C2ESPITANS. Taller. L. with a narrower margin, apex slightly denticulate. Caps, ovate. Penzance and Kymal Bridge. 102. [“F. Orrii, Lindb. Yery small. L. narrow, linear, very acute, with a thickened border and ex- current nerve. Caps, minute, obovate, cernuous, lid conico-rostrate.” Br. M. Fl., 73.] Near Glasnevin Botanic Gardens. Probably alien. 103. F. Osmundioides, Hedw. St. 1—2 inches, tufted, erect, radiculose. L. lower scattered, small, upper larger, crowded, ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, apiculate, margin not bordered, almost entire, not nerved to apex, 6 284 SYNOPSIS OP .BRITISH MOSSES. the latter sometimes toothed. Caps, small, oval-oblong, suberect, lid large, convex, rostrate. Dioicous. Wet mountainous rocks. July. 104. F. rufulus, Br. and Sch. St. i—11 inches, dichotomous, radiculose. L. crowded, erecto-patent, cultriform, vertical lamina prolonged to base, entire, strongly nerved to apex, which is eroso-denticulate, nerve and broad border orange-red. Caps, erect, ovoid, lid conical, obtuse. Rocks and stones in streams. Westmoreland. 105. F. serrulatus.Rrid. St.l — 3inches. L. crowded, straight in outline and obtuse, pointed, margin of conduplicate portion finely serrulate, also apex of lamina, border of large, yellowish cells, thickly nerved nearly to apex. Caps, oval, inclined, lid with a long, straight beak, seta thick, short, flexuose. Damp shady places. Winter. Near Penzance (Curnow). b. Fruit lateral. 106. F. decipiens, De Not. St. about [ inch, fasci- culate from base. L. lower distant, coulter-shaped, upper imbricate, patulous, oblong-ligulate, acute, or mucronulate, dorsal wing narrow, nerve strongly ex- current, excavate, the cultriform lobe of the upper leaves obliquely acute, longer than half the leaf, upper part strongly serrate. Caps, ovate, somewhat con- stricted at base, erect or inclined, lid large, rounded, beaked. Dioicous. [De Notaris, Epilogo Briol. Ital., 1869, p. 480.] Damp rocks and old walls. Winter, ■ Oxford, Cornwall, Westmoreland, Wales, Scotland. Ireland.SELIGEKIA. 85 107. F. taxifolius, Hedw. St. about b inch, fascicu- late from base. L. lanceolate, pointed, not bordered, finely crenulate, nerved almost to apex. Caps, almost ovate, inclined on a seta curved at summit, and inserted at base of stem, lid large, convex, witb a long, oblique beak. Monoicous. Moist shady banks. December—February. 108. F. adiantoides, Hedw. St. 1—3 inches, branched, leafy. L. ovate-lanceolate, finely serrulate below, den- tate at apex, nerved almost or quite to apex, border sometimes thickened. Caps, oval-oblong, constricted at mouth when dry, cernuous, arising from middle of stem, lid with a long beak. Monoicous. Shady wet rocks and bogs. October—April. 109. F. polyphyllus, Wils. St. 3—3 inches, simple or branched. Br. arcuate. L. elongate, lanceolate, rather acute, strongly nerved to serrulate apex, not bordered. Caps, cylindric, inclined, tapering at base. Barren fl. numerous, axillary. Moist shady rocks on mountains. Wales, Ireland, Cornwall. Tribe viii. Seligeriacej: (Bruchiaceae). Farri. 1. Seligeriae. 22. SELIGEKIA, B. and 8. a. Peristome absent. 110. S. Doniana, Muell. (Anodus, ed. 1). St. minute, | inch, gregarious. L. almost setaceous, lanceolate- subulate, very minutely toothed at base; per. 1. blunt- ish and rather shorter. Caps, cup-shaped or turbinate> mouth wide. Calyptra dimidiate. Perist. none, lid with a short beak. Sandstone rocks. Rare. September.86 SYNOPSIS OF BRITISH MOSSES. b. Peristome present. 111. S. pusilla, Bruch, and S. Minute, g inch stems, loosely tufted, simple or dichotomous. L. lanceolate- subulate, setaceous above, very narrow, thinly nerved nearly to apex. Perist. with teeth distantly barred. Caps, on an upright pedicel, turbinate when dry, with a flatfish, oblique, beaked lid. Shady limestone rocks. April, May. 112. [S. acutifolia, Lind. Very small. L. and per. 1. from a more or less sheathing base, abruptly narrowed into a subterete, setiform, acute, pointed awl, formed by the excurrent nerve, crenulate, seta 1 mm. long. Caps, small, scarcely exserted, pyriform, with a short neck, lid with a short, scarcely oblique beak] ;—type not British but Var. /3- longiseta, Lindb. Plant larger, seta 2—3 mm. long, caps, exserted, beak of lid longer and more oblique—gathered by Mr. Wilson, 14th May, 1831, and sent by him to Dr. Lindberg. Derbyshire, Yorkshire. May, June. 113. S. trifaria, Bi-id. (tristicha, ed. 1, and Schp. Syn.). Densely casspitose, rigid. L. exactly trifarious, crowded, rigid, shortly lanceolate, muticous, base whitish. Caps, yellowish-brown, subspherical, with a tumid neck, lid large, with a long, oblique or arcuate beak; per. teeth narrower than in calcarea. Calcareous stones and rocks. Summer. Blair Athol (Miss Mclnroy), Glen Tilt, and Ben-y- Gloe; Yorkshire, Derbyshire. 114. S. paucifolia, Dicks. (8. subcernua, Schp.; S. calcicola, Mitt.). Densely gregarious, low. L. crowded, erecto-patent, lower ones lanceolate, upper subulate, from a narrow, oblong base, margins plane, nerveCAMPY LOSTELIUM—BRACHYDONTIUM. 87 exserted, areolae dense, rectangular. Caps, elliptical, subcernuous, on a long seta, unsymmetrical, lid with a long beak. Male fl. at base of female plant. Limestone rocks and stones. June. Chalk Downs, Sussex, Mr. Mitten ; near Wetherby, 1801 (Dickson); Surrey; Kent. 115. S. calcarea, B. and S. St. short, more robust than No. 111. L. ovate-subulate, obtuse, dull green, with a thicker nerve. Caps, turbinate, shortly beaked, on a short, stiff seta. Perist. teeth broader, obtuse, closely barred. Chalk cliffs. April, May. Kent, Sussex, Surrey, Beds. 116. S. recurvata, B. and S. St. minute, gregarious. L. lanceolate-subulate, somewhat flexuose, acute, nerve excurrent generally. Caps, obovate, elliptical, seta curved, drooping. Sandstone rocks. Bare. April, May. Fam. 2. Brachydontae. 23. CAMPYLOSTELITTM, Bruch, and 8. 117. C. saxicola, B. and 8. Minute. L. elongate, linear-lanceolate, crowded, entire, twisted, nerved nearly to summit. Caps, elliptical, drooping, on a geniculate pedicel, annulus double. Calyptra 5-cleft at base. Sandstone rocks. Bare. November. 24. BRACHYDONTIUM, Bruch. (Brachyodus, Nees, ed..l). 118. B. trichodes, N. and H. Very minute. L, lanceolate-subulate, almost setaceous, erect, with an excurrent nerve forming half the leaf. Caps, cylindric,88 SYNOPSIS OF BRITISH MOSSES. erect, farrowed. Perist. very short, anuulas large, lid flattish, with a long, straight beak. Subalpine sandstone rocks. Spring. Fam. 3. Blindise. 25. BLINDIA, B. and S. 119. B. caespiticia, Schwaeg. (Stylostegium, ed. 1). St. |^ inch, densely tufted. Br. fastigiate. L. some- what falcate and secund, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate; per. 1. larger, with a sheathing base, entire, nerve predominant. Caps, immersed, roundish-pyriform* glossy. Perist. absent, lid obliquely beaked, adherent to columella. Alpine rocks, in crevices. Pare. July—September. 120. B. acuta, Huds. St. |—3 inches, tufted. L. subulate or lanceolate-setaceous, rigid, glossy, sub- secund, entire, nerve thin; per. 1. sheathing. Caps, roundish-pyriform, on a short, reddish pedicel. Perist. simple, 16 entire or perforate teeth, lid with a longish, oblique beak. Moist alpine or subalpine rocks. Summer. Tribe ix. Leptoteiciiacey:. Fam. 1. Bruchiae. a. Nerve narrow. L. cells large, lax. 26. PLETTBIDIUM, Brid. 121. P. nitidum, Hedw. (P. axillare, Br. M. FI.). L. generally erect, linear-lanceolate, keeled, subdenti- culate near apex, nerved nearly to summit. Caps, elliptic ovate, with a short, oblique point, sometimes pendulous, on a short pedicel. Moist banks, &c. Winter.DITKICHUM. 89 Yar. /3. stricthm. Smaller. L. narrower, straight. Caps, nearly spherical. Scotland. b. Nerve broad, cells small. 122. P. subulatum, Euds. St. | inch. L. lanceolate, sharply tapering from a broadish base, not keeled, serrulate nerve ceasing near the apex; per. 1. almost setaceous. Caps, roundish-ovoid, pale brown, immersed, on a very short pedicel. Banks and fields. Common. Spring. 123. P. alternifolium, Kaulf. St. sometimes with innovations, i inch long, or more ; st. 1. lanceolate acuminate from a broad base; per. 1. subulate-setaceous, nerve excurrent, and forming nearly all the upper half of the leaf. Caps, ovoid, immersed, brownish, with an oblique point. Banks and fallow ground. Spring. Fain. 2. Ditrieheae. 27. DITRICHUM, Timm, a. L. squarrose. Caps, cylindric. 124. D. tenuifolium, Schrad. (Geratodon cylindricus, ed. 1). St. £ inch, gregarious. L. subulate from a dilated, ovate, amplexicaul base, flexuose, minutely toothed above, nerve forming the whole subula. Caps, cylindrical, smooth, erect or slightly curved, on a pale, slender seta, lid conical. Sandy banks. Bare. May, June. Yorkshire, Cheshire, Lancashire, Sussex, Scotland, Ireland. 125. D. tortile, Schrad. St. J inch, gregarious, sub- flexuose. L. mostly seound, somewhat falcate, lanceo-90 SYNOPSIS OP BRITISH MOSSES. late-subulate, margin re flexed, nerve excurrent into tbe slightly toothed apex. Caps, small, cylindrical, erect, regular or curved, lid conical, slightly rostrate- Perist. teeth irregular, purplish-red. Dioicous. Sandy places. Rare. October, November. Yorkshire, Sussex. Yar. /3. pusillum.. Shorter and denser. L. short, nearly straight. Caps. oval. Near Belfast; Castle Howard. 126- D. homomallum, B. and S. St- scarcely | inch, csespitose. L. subulato-setaceousfromabroadishbase, mostly secund, nerve broad, much excurrent, entire. Caps, erect, oblong-ovate, brown, on a long red seta. Annulus present, lid short, conical, obtuse. Basilar membrane of perist. very narrow. Dioicous. Sandy banks. Autumn. Var. /3. zonatum. St. elongate, \—2 inches. L. shorter, scarcely secund, erecto-patent. Caps, smaller. Tufts green above, brownish below. Scotch and Welsh mountains. 127. D. subulatum, Bruch. St. £ inch, casspitose. L. subulato-setaceous from an ovate base, spreading or somewhat secund, entire, with a long excurrent nerve. Caps, oval, erect, lid large, obliquely rostellate, seta somewhat flexuose. Annulus none. Basilar membrane very narrow. Antheridia axillary, naked. Cornwall (Rev. — Tozer), R. Y. Tellam. Spring. 128. D. flexicaule, Schleich. St. 1—3 inches, flexuose, cacspitose, with fastigiate branches. L. very long and setaceous, flexuose, concave, usually secund, nerve broad, excurrent, toothed at apex. Caps, erect, small, ovate-oblong. Annulus present. Perist. teeth long, irregular. Dioicous.CERATODON—DISTIC0IUM. 91 Scotch and Derbyshire mountains (calcareous). June. Var. /3. densum. Densely casspitose. L. erect, shorter. 129. D. glaucescens, Hedvj. St. \ inch. Branches fastigiate. L. glaucous, linear-lanceolate, margin plane (upper crowded into a tuft or coma), nerve sometimes excurrent into the denticulate apex. Caps, oblong- oval, pale brown, with a long, beaked lid. Basilar membrane very narrow. Barren fl. gemmiform. Scotch mountains. Summer. Fam. 3. Ceratodontse. 28. CERATODON, Brid. 130. C. purpureus, Brid. St. 5—2 inches, csespitose, branched. L. oblong-lanceolate, margin recurved, nerve excurrent. Caps, elliptic-oblong, irregular, purple, angular when dry on a purplish-red seta, lid conical. Banks, &c. Common. April, May. Fam. 4. Distichiae. 29. DISTICHITJM, B. and S. 131. D. capillaceum, B. and S. (Swartzia montana, Br. M. FL). St. 1—2 inches, caespitose, shining green above, ferruginous below. L. subulate-setaceous, spreading, integrate, nerve excurrent. Caps, erect, ovate-oblong or almost cyliudrical, reddish-brown. Perist. teeth narrow, articulate, bi- or trifid, lid conical. Scotch and Welsh mountains. Summer. 132. D. inclinatum. B. and S. (S. inclinata, Br. M. Fl.). St. shorter than last, and less caespitose. L. narrower and minutely serrate at apex ; per. 1. 1, 2, or92 SYNOPSIS OF BRITISH MOSSES. 3 together. Caps, oval, olive-brown, inclined or cer- nuous. Perist. teeth larger, lanceolate, articulate, entire or perforate, hi- trifid. Irish and Scotch mountains. June, July. Tribe x. Pottiace^:. Fam. 1. Phascese. 30. EPHEMERELLA, Muell. 133. E.recurvifolia, Dicks (Phascum, ed. 1). Minute. St. almost none. L. Ungulate, rarely linear-lanceolate, erect, frequently recurved, denticulate at the apex, with a strong, generally excurrent nerve, lowest ovate- lanceolate, nerveless. Caps, roundish-ovate, immersed, lid with a short, oblique beak. Heaths and fallows. Autumn, winter. 31. MICROBRYUM, Schpr. 134. M. Eloerkeanum, Web. and M. (Phascum, ed. 1). Almost stemless, very minute. L. erecto-patent, broadly ovate, tapering to a point, lower ones small, nerveless, upper ones larger, nerve excurrent, margins reflexed. Caps, ovate-spherical, shortly beaked, im- mersed with subconical, curved-pointed calyptra. Antheridia naked, axillary. Clay or chalky fields. Rare. September—November. 32. SPH-ffiRANGITJH, Schpr. 135. S. muticnm, Schreb. Minute, almost stemless. L. lower ovate-acuminate, recurved, nerveless, middle convolute, oblong, ovate, acuminate, recurved, concave, nerve exserted, two or three uppermost concave, nervedPHASCUM. 93 to an erose mucro. Caps, round, reddish, erect, sub- sessile. Moist banks and fallows. Autumn, spring. Yar. jS. minus. Leaves entire. Seaside. 136. S. triquetrum, Spruce. Almost stemless. L. in three rows, lowest minute, ovate, nerveless, medial broadly ovate, nerved, three uppermost (perichsetial) cucullate, pointed, obovate, keeled, margins reflexed, denticulate above, nerve excurrent in a recurved mucro. Caps, spherical, horizontal or drooping, seta long, slender, suddenly bent near its union with the capsule. Cliffs, Sussex coast. March. 33. PHASCUM, Linn, a. M. fl. axillary, gemmiform. 137. P. cuspidatum, Schreb. From J—j inch high. St. simple or branched. L. lower ovate-lanceolate, upper oblong-lanceolate, all cuspidate, erect, concave, keeled, with the nerve prominently excurrent, margin recurved below, integrate. Caps, roundish, immersed on a short seta. Moist banks, hedges, and fields. Common. March. Yar. /3. mackopryllum. Leaves longer, lanceolate. Caps, smaller. Var. 7. Schreberianum. St. elongated. Br. dicho- tomous. L. distant, spreading. Var. S, piliferum. Pedicel curved. L. with long white filiform points. Var. e. curvisetum. Caps, laterally exserted, sub- pendulous on a longish curved seta. Upper leaves lanceolate, cuspidate. 138. P. bryoides, Dicks. St. JJ inch, simple or94 SYNOPSIS OF BRITISH MOSSES. branched. L. lower ovate, pointed, upper elliptic, ovate, concave, erect, margin reflexed, pointed with the excurrent nerve. Caps, elliptical, with an oblique, blunt point, brown, exserted. Barren fl. sometimes terminal on a short branch. Banks and fields. Rare. Spring. Var. /S. piliferum. L. piliferous. Yar. 7. cuBViSETUM. Seta curved, longer. Caps, cernuous. Var. 8. brachycaepum. Caps, roundish, seta very short. Yar. e. atroviride. Smaller, with piliferous leaves. Var. f Thornhillii. “ L. spreading, subreflexed, spathulato-lanceolate, margin plane, nerve slightly excurrent. Caps, narrowly elliptical, rostrate, pedicel elongated.” Near Newcastle. b. Antheridia axillary, naked. 139. P. curvicollum, Hedw. St. short, reddish. L. erecto-patent, lower ovate acuminate, upper lanceolate, tapering, pointed with an excurrent nerve, entire, margin reflexed. Caps, roundish, blunt-pointed, cer- nuous, exserted, on a longish curved seta. Moist banks and fields. Spring. 140. P. rectum, 8m. St. short. L. closely crowded, erecto-patent, elliptic-lanceolate, pointed with an ex- current nerve, often reddish, margins recurved, papillose at back. Caps, exserted, roundish ovoid, on a longish straight seta. Fields and banks near the coast. Frequent. Winter and spring.FOTTIA. 95 Fam. 2. Pottieae. 34. POTTIA, Fhr. A. Peristome rudimentary or absent. 1. L. with lamellae on upper surface. 141. P. pusilla, Hedw. (P. cavifolia, Ehr.). St. very short and simple or branched. L. erecto-patent, con- cave, obovate or elliptical. Caps, oval, on a short seta, lid obliquely rostrate. Banks and mud walls. March. Yar.13. epilosa. St. short. L. somewhat acuminate, scarcely piliferous. Yar. 7. incana, N. and H. L. with long hair-like points, 2. L. without lamellae. 142. P. minutula, B. and 8. Yery minute. L. cari- nate, spreading, ovate-lanceolate, granulate at back, margins recurved, nerve red, excurrent. Caps, small, ovate-truncate, lid flattish, conical, not beaked. Fallow fields. Winter and spring. Yar. /3. rofescens. L. narrower, reddish. Yar. 7. conica. L. ovate-lanceolate, with a short mucro. Caps, narrower at mouth. 143. P. truncata, L. St. { inch. L. spreading, obovate-acuminate or oblong-lanceolate, broadly con- cave at base, carinate above, margin plane, with a slightly escurrent nerve. Caps, obovate, truncate, with a wide mouth, lid convex, obliquely rostrate. Fallow soil. February, March. 144. P. intermedia, Turn. Larger than last. L. ovate-lanceolate, margin integrate, revolute below. Caps, oblong, subcylindric, contracted below mouth.96 SYNOPSIS OF BRITISH MOSSES. Perist. rudimentary, lid convex, with an oblique beak. Ditches. South of England. 145. P. Wilsoni, B. and 8. St. J inch, in tufts. L. larger towards summit, lower ovate-oblong, upper oblong spathulate, obtuse, margin slightly recurved, basal cells lax, hyaline, upper chlorophyllose, verru- culose, nerve excurrent into a longish mucro. Caps, elliptic-oblong, contracted at mouth, lid shortly and obliquely rostrate. Calyptra rough at apex. Sandy banks. February. 146. P. crinita, Wils. St. J inch, tufted. L. obovate- oblong, spathulate, obtuse, nerve excurrent into a very long, rigid, hair-like point. Caps, elliptic-oblong, scarcely contracted. Calyptra smooth. - Rocky and moist places. February, March., Scotland, Cornwall, Guernsey, Ireland. 147. P. viridifolia, Mitt., Journ. of Bot., ix. 4 (P. 2}allida, Braith., Journ. of Bot., viii. 255, non Lindberg). L. obovate-spathulate, obtuse or slightly acute, nerve not very stout, excurrent into a short point, margin recurved at middle, areolae, upper hexagonal or nearly square, obscure, with minute protuberances, lower oblong, hyaline, smooth. Caps, oblong on a short seta, lid rostrate. Antheridia in axils of comal leaves. Plymouth (Holmes). 148. P. littoralis, Mitt., l.c. L. oblong-spathulate, obtuse or acute, lower pale, upper green, nerve ex- current, longer in lower leaves, areolae in upper part of leaf small, obscure, smooth, lower oblong, pellucid. Caps, oblong-oval, mouth less than greatest diameter, lid rostrate, slightly twisted. Male fl. bud-like.POTTIA. 97 Aldington, near Brighton ; Hastings. 149. P. asperula, Mitt., 1. c. L. obovate-spathulate, acute, but not acuminate, nerve excurrent into a short point, areolae, upper rounded, rather obscure, each with several elevated points, lower oblong, smooth, pellucid. Caps, oval, lid rostrate, slightly twisted. Antheridia naked, in axils of comal leaves. Henfield, Sussex ; Penzance (Curnow) ; Jersey (Piquet). 150. P. Heimii, B. and 8. St. \^ inch, caespitose, branched. L. spreading, oblong-lanceolate, margin not recurved. Caps, obovate or oblong truncate, lid obliquely rostrate, adherent to columella. Moist banks near the sea. April, May. B. Eeristome distinct (Anacalypta). 151. P. Starkeana, N. and M. Minute, gregarious. L. spreading, ovate-lanceolate, entire, papillose above, margin recurved, nerve excurrent. Caps, small, oval, brown, lid convexo-conical. Perist. teeth obtuse, perforate. Banks and fields. January, February. Yar. /3. beachyodus. Caps, narrower. Perist. teeth very short, truncate. 152. P. eaespitosa, Bruch. Minute, caespitose. L. oblong-lanceolate or ovate, concave, plane, nerve ex- current. Caps, ovate, yellowish-brown, lid with a long beak. Perist. teeth perforate. Woolsonbury Hill, Sussex (chalk). March. 153. P. lanceolata, Bohl. St. \—4 inch, caaspitose. L. spreading, ovate-lanceolate, acute, margin recurved, entire, nerve excurrent into a longish mucro. Caps, elliptic-ovate, lid conical, obliquely rostrate. Perist. H98 SYNOPSIS OF BRITISH MOSSES. teeth very variable, rather long, with a medial line, strongly papillose. Moist limestone banks, walls, &c. 35. DIDYMODON, Br. and S. 1. Monoicous. 154. D. rubellus, B. and 8. St. J—1 inch, caespitose. Lower leaves reddish, upper dull green, all oblong- lanceolate, spreading, papillose on both sides, margin recurved, keeled, nerved nearly to apex. Caps, pale brown, cylindrical, lid with a short, oblique beak. Autheridia naked, in axils of per. 1. Shady walls, rocks, banks, &c. October. 2. Dioicous. a. L. lanceolate, rigid. 155. D. luridus, Hornsch. St. |—1 inch, csespitose. L. lower ovate-lanceolate, upper oblong-lanceolate, with entire recurved margins, keeled, acute, nerved (reddish) almost or quite to apex, areolae small, round- ish. Caps, symmetrical, oblong, on a shortish seta twisted to the right, lid conical, pointed. Perist. teeth small, irregular. Limestone walls, &c. Rare. December. b. L. narrow, not rigid. 156. D. flexifolius, EooJc. and Tayl. Barren stems long, trailing, fertile, 5 inch. L. spreading, flexuose, more so when dry, oblong or ligulate, margin reflexed below, and serrate at apex, nerve not reaching apex, areolae round. Caps, small, cylindrical, somewhat curved, lid with a short beak. Perist. teeth short. High moorlands. March, April. Buxton, Alderlev Edge, Ben Ledi, &c. Var. gemmescens, Mitt. MS. Nerve excurrent intoTRICHOSTOMUM. 99 an apiculus, wtich bears a cluster of egg-shaped or oblong gemmae. Old thatch. Amberley, Sussex (Mitten), &c. 157. D. cylindricus, B. and S. 3—1 inch. L. spread- ing, flexuose, linear-lanceolate, margin undulate and minutely crenulate, nerve narrow, forming apiculus, areolae small, opaque, gradually enlarged towards the base, there diaphanous. Caps, erect, narrow, cylin- drical, lid long, conico-rostrate. Perist. teeth linear- lanceolate, fugacious. Damp shady rocks. . October. 158. D. sinuosus (Schp.), Mitt. (Dicranella, Wils. MS. ; Trichostomum, Lindb.). Densely casspitose, fuscous below. L. long, linear-lanceolate or subulate, patent, from a very short, pellucid base, margin slightly recurved below, above denticulate, nerve continued into a thick, obscure, blunt point, often broken off, basilar cells all oblong and rectangular. Fr. not known. Shady places at roots of trees. Sussex, Cornwall, Bangor. 159. D. recurvifolius, Tayh “ Stems elongate, loosely csespitose. L. squarrose, crisped and undulate when dry, elliptic, oblong or ligulate, pale margined, serru- late, nerve subexcurrent, areolae small, dense, opaque, elongate and pellucid at base.” Ireland, 1842 ; fruit not known (Wilson). Fam. 3. Trichostomse. 36. TRICHOSTOMUM, Br. aud S. 160. T. tophaceum, Brid. St. £—1 inch, densely caaspitose. Br. fasciculate. L. lanceolate (the upper ones obtuse), concave, keeled, margins recurved, nerve h 2100 SYNOPSIS OF BRITISH MOSSES. not reaching to apex. Caps, subcylindrical, erect, regular, lid with an oblique beak. Perist. teeth variable, sometimes only 16, somewhat fugacious. Moist places and rocks. November. 161. T. brachydontium, Brid. (T. mutabile, Bruch.). L. broader, lanceolate or ligulate, crisped, not cucullate, margin slightly undulate, nerve excurrent into a pro- minent mucro. Caps, ovate-oblong, erect, regular, lid obliquely rostrate. Perist. t. very short and irregular. Damp rocks and fissures. ■ April—June. 162. T. crispulum, Bruch. St. 1 inch. L. lower lanceolate, distant, upper crowded, longer, linear- lanceolate, concave, cucullate at apex, crisped when dry, nerve prolonged into a short mucro. Caps, oval, erect, regular, lid with an oblique beak. Perist. teeth in unequal pairs. Limestone rocks near the sea. June, July, Ormes Head, Anglesea, Bristol, &c, Yar. e. elatum. Larger and more robust, L. longer, apex cucullate, muticous. Ireland, Somerset (H. Boswell). 163. T. flavo-virens, Bruch., Muller, St, short, with innovations from summit (interruptedly comose). L, glaucous or yellowish-green, oblong-ligulate, obtuse, mucronate, margins entire, undulate, incurved, thick nerve prolonged into a short mucro. Fruit-stalk red at base, yellowish above, slightly flexuose. Caps, oblong, cylindrical, pale yellowish-brown, with a red mouth. Perist. t. elongate, regular, in pairs, lid acuminate, half as long as caps., with an oblique beak. Shoreham, Sussex; Plymouth (Holmes); Malahide (Dr. Moore); &c. Spring. 161. T. nitidum, Lindb., 1861 (T. dijfradum, Mitt.,BARBULA. 101 1868). Densely pulvinate, olive-green above, brown below. St. rigid, branched. L. crowded, erecto- patent, arcuate when dry, more or less elongate, linear or sublingulate, channelled, margin plane, slightly undulate, nerve terete, prominent on back, excurrent, areolation minute, loose and cuneiform at base, papil- lose above. Fruit not known. Clifton, Torquay, Plymouth, &c. 165. T. littorale, Mitt. St. elongate, tufted, more or less interruptedly comose. L. patent from an erect base, oblong-ligulate, obtuse, concave, recurved towards apex, with nerve excurrent into a short mucro, basal cells hyaline, oblong, and rectangular. Ireland; Whitsand Bay, Cornwall; Hastings; De- vonshire ; &c. 37. BARBULA, Hedw. Section 1. ALOIDELLA. L. rigid, nerve broad, bearing articulate filaments on its upper surface. 166. B. brevirostris, B. and S. (Muell. ?). Plants minute. L. lower rotundate-ovate, upper broadly oblong, obtuse, nerve thin, annulus broadish. Perist. t. once convolute. Monoicous. (Sch. Syn., ed. 2, 189.) Clay soil. July, August. Near Edinburgh (Stewart), near Buxton (E. George, 1873). 167. B. stellata, Schreb., 1771 (T. rigida, Schultz). St. minute, loosely caespitose. L. spreading from an upright base, oblong, obtuse, margin indexed mem- branaceous. Caps, erect, ovate-elliptical, lid with a long oblique beak. Calyptra half as large as capsule. Perist. teeth long, and much twisted. Dioicous.102 SYNOPSIS OP BRITISH MOSSES. Limestone walls. October—March, 168. B. ambigua, B. and 8. Larger in all its parts than last. L. ligulate, lanceolate, apex cucullate, margin incurved. Caps, erect, cylindrical, lid rostrate. Calyptra very short. Perist. teeth filiform, little twisted, arcuato-incurved when dry. Dioicous. Walls and banks (marly). November, December. 169. B. aloides, Koch. St. as above. L. spreading, narrowly lanceolate, acute, with a strong nerve. Caps, elongate-cylindrical, inclined, lid conical, acutely ros- trate. Perist. teeth scarcely twisted, when dry widely spreading. Dioicous. Clay banks. Winter and spring- 170. B. lamellata, Lindh. (Pottia cavifolia var. gra- cilis, Bry. Brit. B. cavifolia, Schp. Syn.). St. very short, csespitose. L. rather lax, erecto-patent, concave, lower smaller, roundish oval, piliferous, upper larger, oval, spathulate, nerve excurrent into mucro. Caps, oblong, subcylindrical, striate when dry, on a long red seta, lid with a long, rather oblique beak. Perist. that of a true Tortula, but so fragile as to have escaped notice, and always falling off with the operculum. Monoicous. Banks and walls. February. Oxford (Boswell), Pontefract, Edinburgh (Nowell), Aldrington (Davies), &c. Section 2. CUNEIFOLI^J. L. broadly or spathulato-lanceolate. 171. B. atrovirens, Smith, Lindh. [Didymodon ner- vosus, Hook, and T. Besmatodon nervosus, Bry. Brit.] St. ] inch, densely csespitose, branched. L. spreading, oval, spathulate or oblong, concave, margins revolute,BAKBULA. 103 nerve thick, prolonged into a short mucro, areolae small, roundish, larger and diaphanous at base, slightly papillose. Caps, oval-oblong, lid large, conical, with an oblique beak. Monoicous. Dry banks, &c., near the sea. Spring. 172. B. cuneifolia, Dicks. Gregarious. St. simple. L. upper crowded, broadly obovate, acuminate, nerve sometimes excurrent, soft, pellucid, areolae loose, lower broadly ovate, aristate. Caps, elliptic, erect, lid obtuse, short. Basilar membrane of peristome broadish. Monoicous. Banks, seacoast. Rare. March, April. 173. B. Vahliana, Schultz. Small, gregarious or caespitose. L. lower oblong, upper oblong wedge- shaped, nerve excurrent, subulate, margin erect, some- times reflexed, crenulate. Caps, narrow, elongate, cylindrical, brown, sometimes slightly incurved, lid shortly subulate, annulus broad. Basilar membrane of perist. tesselate. Monoicous. Differs from muralis in its broader, softer leaves, narrower capsule, and longer basilar tube. Damp clayey ground, on roadsides, &c. Spring. First discovered at Maresfield in Sussex, 1863, by G. Davies; Woking, Surrey (Sheppard and Westell); Dublin (Moore); &c. 174. B. marginata, B. and S. St. simple, gregarious or caespitose. L. oblong-lanceolate or linear, concave, margin thickened, nerve sometimes excurrent into a mucro. Caps, cylindric-ovate or oblong, lid very large, shortly rostrate. Basilar membrane narrow. Sandstone walls. Rare. May, June. Sussex, I. of Wight, Cheshire, Yorkshire, &c. 175. B. canescens, Br. Simple, gregarious or casspi-104 SYNOPSIS OP BKITISH MOSSES. tose, hoary. L. lower obovate, upper oval-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, minutely papillose above, all concave, with a recurved margin, and nerve excurrent into a long, hair-like point. Caps, small, oblong, erect, with a long, oblique, conical lid. Basilar membrane a broadish, tesselated tube. Monoicous. Fairlight Glen, Hastings (Mr. Jenner). Spring. 176. B. muralis, Timm. Short, csespitose. L. oblong, obtuse, margin recurved, apex unequal or subcordate, nerve excurrent into a long, hair-like point. Caps, oblong or subcylindric, erect, with a long, rostellate lid. Basilar membrane narrow. Monoicous. Yar. /3. incana. Caps, small. L. oval-lanceolate, with long hair-points. Yar. 7. estiva. L. long, linear-lanceolate, nerve scarcely excurrent. Yar. S. 'kupestris. Larger and much branched. L. larger, oblong, piliferous. Caps, longer, curved. Walls and stones (S limestone). April, May. Seotion 3. TORTULA. St. more or less elongate. Br. dichotomous. L. larger above, more or less elongate lanceolate; per. 1. sheathing. Perist. teeth long, much twisted. a. Unguiculatse. L. oblong, linear lanceolate, nerve scarcely excurrent into a muero. Perist.teeth with basilar membrane short. 177. B. unguiculata, Hedw. St. §•—1 inch, csespi- tose, dichotomous. L. oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, margin recurved below, densely papillose above, nerve excurrent into a short mucro; per. 1. hyaline, with a png excurrent nerve. Caps, oblong, cylindrical, erect,BAKBULA. 105 on a long, reddish seta, lid with a subulate beak. Dioicous. Clay banks and hedges. Spring. Var. /S. cuspibata. St. shorter. L. narrower, with a longer mucro. Yar. y. apiculata. L. spreading, recurved, mucro long. 178. B. fallax, Heclw. St. h—1 inch, caespitose. L. lanceolate from a broadish base, keeled, margin recurved, slightly papillose, somewhat squarrose, gra- dually tapering and nerved to apex; per. 1. sheathing halfway, thence narrowly lanceolate, patent. Caps, variable both in size and shape, usually subcylindrical, with an obtuse, rostrate lid, often as long as itself. Dioicous. Clay and limestone banks and walls. October—December. Yar. /3. brevicaulis, Schw. St. short, simple. L. closely set, patent, margins subundulate. Caps, shorter, as also the perist. and lid. Parapet of bridge, Earlswood, Warwick (J. E. Bagnall, Dec., 1883). Yar. y. brevifolia. St. short, simple. L. crowded, patent, margin subinvolute. Caps, shorter. 179. B. recurvifolia, Schp. [rejiexa, Brid.; T. fallax, 8. Bry. Brit.] Tufts always of a ferruginous tint. St. loosely caespitose. L. tristichous, recurved, and fal- cate, slightly twisted, from an oblong wdde base, lanceolate, keeled, strongly papillose on both sides, margin reflexed below, nerve brownish, vanishing below apex. Caps, erect, cylindrical, regular, lid subulate, beaked. Dioicous. Calcareous rocks and walls. Bare in fr. Autumu.106 SYNOPSIS OP BRITISH MOSSES. Scotland; Yorkshire; Derbyshire; Rydal Water (Baker); &c. 180. B. rigidula, Hedw. (Trickost. rigidulum, var. /3. densum, Bry. Brit. 114.). L. patent, lanceolate, cari- nate, margin recurved, rigid, bristly, not appressed and imbricate, when dry slightly curved and loosely contorted, nerve stout, continued into a thick, obscure point, not really eseurrent. Caps, cylindric, erect, on a reddish seta, lid obliquely rostrate. Scotland, York, Sussex, Cornwall, &c. Spring and summer. 181. B. Woodii, Schp. Yellow-green above, ferru- ginous below, radiculose. L. spreading or even slightly recurved, twisted when dry, narrowly linear-lanceolate, subulate, concave at base, one or other margin recurved, nerved (yellowish) to or sometimes beyond apex, cells minutely quadrate above, oblong-rectangular at base. Fr. unknown. Cromagloun, Killarney, July, 1865, Schp. 182. B. spadicea, Mitt. (T. rigidulum, Smith, Bry. Brit., p. 114). St. robust, 1—2 inches. L. patent from the base, lanceolate-subulate, canaliculate, margin recurved below, incurved and closely imbricate when dry, nerve percurrent and distinct to apex; per. 1. lower half erect, broadly ovate, upper narrow, recurved. Caps, erect, cylindrical, on a red seta, lid shortly subulate, twisted. Teeth narrow, on a short mem- brane. Dioicous. (Mitten, Joum. of Bot., v. 326.) Rocks and stones near water. Autumn, winter. Scotland, Ireland, Bolton Abbey, &c. 183. B. cylindrica, Tayl. (T. insulana, De Not.; T. vinealis (3. flaccida, Bry. Brit., p. 124). St. loosely csespitose. L. lower lanceolate, upper linear-subulate,BARB0LA. 107 from a lanceolate, appressed base, patent, spreading, more or less arcuate, papillose, acute, margin recurved below, above plane, contorted when dry, nerve excur- rent. Caps, cylindric or elliptic, erect or slightly curved, lid conical, attenuate, somewhat obtuse, half as long as capsule. Rare in fruit. England and Ireland. Frequent. May. 184. B. vinealis, Brid. Tufts more robust. L. patent or subrecurved, from a broad base, elongate and narrowly lanceolate, nerve broad, obscure towards the acute apex, the latter usually tipped with a pointed hyaline cell, appressed when dry, not crisped or con- torted. Caps, subcylindrical. Dioicous. Walls. April, May. b. Convolutse. L. bright green, incurved, twisted when dry, cells lax at base; per. 1. much sheathing and convolute. Caps, small, ovato-elliptical, slightly curved. Perist. t. long, contorted. 185. B. Hornschuchiana, Schultz. Loosely csespitose. L. crowded, spreading, ovate-lanceolate, carinato- concave, obsoletely papillose, gradually tapering to an acute point, formed by slightly excurrent nerve, margin slightly revolute. Caps, oblong, slightly curved, annulus narrow, seta red below, yellow above. Dioicous. Rocks, walls, and banks. Not common. April, May. [186. B. paludosa, Schwg. St. radiculose. L. erecto- patent, linear-lanceolate, acute, acutely carinate in the upper half, margin plane, but generally slightly serru- late at apex; per. 1. sheathing, distinctly serrate. Caps, ovate-oblong, often curved, on a flexuose seta, reddii-h below, lid as long as the caps. Perist. t. very long, much twisted.]108 SYNOPSIS OF BRITISH MOSSES. Bogs and damp places. Autumn. Recorded to have been gathered by Mr. Mitten in Wales, August, 1883, but some of the specimens dis- tributed are certainly Trichost. brachydontium. 187. B. revoluta, Schwaeg. Densely csespitose. L. crowded, erecto-patent, oblong lanceolate, obtuse, nerve excurrentfrom the blunt apex, margin strongly revolute. Caps, reddish brown, elliptic, symmetric, with a scarcely oblique lid, seta red, straw-coloured above. Dioicous. Walls, mostly limestone. May. 188. B. convolnta, Hedw. Csespitose. L. spreading, lower ovate-lanceolate, upper narrowly ligulate, acute, lanceolate, plane or somewhat undulate in margin, which is reflexed towards base, nerve not excurrent; per. 1. strongly convolute, nerveless, sheathing. Caps, inclined, oblong-ovate, on a yellowish seta, lid with a long, oblique beak. Dioicous. Walls, &c. May, June. 189. B. commutata, Jurat. Tufts gre^n above, ru- fescent below, taller and more robust than the last. L. spreading, subrecurved, densely and minutely papillose, lower ovate-lanceolate, middle lanceolate, upper lanceolate from an ovate-concave, sheathing base, acute, carinate, margin reflexed, slightly undu- late, and minutely crenulate with papillae, nerve thick, vanishing at apex. Caps, narrowly oblong, incurved on a twisted yellow seta, lid half as long as capsule or more conical, subulate. Scotland, Ireland. Rare. c. Tortuosse. Tufts large, robust. L. linear-lanceolate, flexuose, margins undulate, scarcely recurved, crisped, and twisted when dry. Perist. t. with scarcely a basal membrane.BARBtJLA. 109 a. Dioicous. 190. B. inclinata, Schwg. Tufts denser robust, densely leaved. L. elongate-linear, broadly undulate, whitish, nerve excurrent into amucro; per. 1. narrower, longer, erect, laxly areolate. Caps, oval-oblong, more or less incurved, gibbous at base, on a red, spirally twisted seta, lid narrowly conical. Sandy soil near river beds. Spring. Oxfordshire (H. Boswell). 191. B. tortuosa, W. and M. St. |—3 inches, tufted. L. very long, linear-lanceolate, crowded, flexuose, margin plane and undulated, with an excurrent nerve ; per. 1. narrow and tapering, cirrhate. Caps, straight or incurved, erect or inclined, ovate-oblong, on a longish seta. Dioicous. Limestone rocks. July. Derbyshire. 192. B. Hibernica, Mitt. (B. cirrifolia, Schp.). St. 2 inches, branched. L. at apices of branches subcomose and stellate, patent or patent-divergent, straight, rarely incurved or recurved, concave, cirrhate when dry, from an oval oblong, semi-amplexicaul base, longly lanceolate, subulate, margin plane, minutely crenulate, acute, nerve yellow, continued to apex or beyond. Mountains near Dunkerran, common, but always sterile (Dr. Taylor). Cromagloun, Killarney. 193. B. fragilis, Wils. (Trichostomum, Mull. Syn.). St. erect, simple or dichotomously branched, radiculose, tomentose at base. L. crowded, lanceolate-subulate, nerve excurrent, margins plane, crenulate, areolae minute, large and hyaline at base, papillose. Caps, erect, ovate-oblong, subcylindric, regular or slightly incurved, lid conical, with a long, oblique beak. Fr. rare.110 SYNOPSIS OF BRITISH MOSSES. Glefts of rocks and on the ground. Summer. Ben Lawers. 194. B. squarrosa, De Not. St. 1 inch, csespitose. L. squarrose, lanceolate, recurved, with a broad, sheathing base, margin undulate, with large, diaphanous cells, somewhat serrulate at apex, nerve scarcely ex- current. Caps, sub lylindrical, narrow, slightly curved, lid conical, half as long as capsule, seta 1 inch long. Dioicous. Chalk. Ireland and S. of England. Fruit not known in this country. 195. B. Brebissoni, Brid. [Cindidotus rip arius f3. terrestris, Bry. Brit.] St. 1—2 inches, radicnlose. Branches fastigiate. L. erecto-patent, long, lingulate, concave, minutely papillose on both sides, margin slightly recurved, nerve thick, excurrent into a mucro, areolae upper minute, rectangular and hyaline at base. Caps, erect, cylindrical, incurved, lid with an oblique beak. Dioicous. Stones in streams. April. Anglesea, Bristol, Surrey, Sussex, in fr. (Davies), &c. d. Syntrichia. Plants robust. L. oblong-lingulate or ovate-spathu- late, chlorophyllose and papillose above, smooth and hyaline below. Caps, erect, oblong or cylindric, sub- arcuate. Perist. teeth long, much twisted. 1. Subulatce. 196. B. subulata, Brid. Csespitose, simple or branched. L. obovate or spathulate oblong, narrowed at base, margin plane, sometimes with a row of larger cells, nerve excurrent into a short mucro, apex some- times slightly toothed. Caps, very long, cylindrical,BARB OLA. Ill curved, with a short lid. Half peristome tubular. Monoicous. Sandy hedge-banks, walls, &c. May, June. 197. B. lsevipila, Brid. Caespitose. L. spreading, often recurved above, obovate oblong or almost panduriform, margin slightly recurved below, nerve reddish, excurrent into a longish white hair-point from the obtuse apex. Caps, cylindrical, slightly curved, lid conical. One-third peristome tubular. Monoicous. Trunks of trees and rocks. May, June. 198. B. latifolia, B. and 8. L. obovate-spathulate or almost panduriform, soft and flaccid, with a scarcely excurrent nerve, notched at the obtuse apex. Caps, cylindrical, slightly curved, with a long, rostrate lid. Quite one-third of peristome tubular. Annulus small. Dioicous. Eoots of trees, stones, &c. Fruit rare. Summer. 199. B. ruralis, Eedw. Caespitose. Branches dicho- tomous. L. squarrose, recurved, ovate-oblong, keeled, nerve excurrent into a long, scabrous hair-point, from the obtuse apex, margin slightly recurved. Caps, subcylindrical, slightly curved. Quite one-half perist. tubular, lid long, conical. Dioicous. Walls and roofs. March, April., 200. B. intermedia, Brid. (T. ruralis ft. minor, Wils. Bry. Brit.). Smaller and densely caespitose or sub- pulvinate. L. erecto-patent, oblong, spathulate, apex obtuse, nerve excurrent into a long, scabrous hair-point. Caps, shorter than in last. Dioicous. Limestone walls. Spring. England, Scotland, N. Wales, &c. 201. B. papillosa, Wils. Caespitose. L. spreading, obovate, concave, margin plane (involute when dry),112 SYNOPSIS OP BRITISH MOSSES. nerve thick, bearing short articulate threads above, papillose on the back, and. excurrent into a smooth hair-point from suddenly tapering apex, a few hyaline cells at base. Fr. not known. Trunks of trees, &c. 202. B. princeps, Be Not. (T. Mulleri, B. and S.). St. 1—2 inches, casspitose, with brownish radicles. L. erecto-patent, oblong, broad, concave, fawn-coloured, margin reflexed, nerve excurrent into a short, scabrous hair-point, from a rounded, obtuse apex. Caps, cylin- drical, straight or curved, on a purplish seta. One-half peristome tubular. Synoicous. Rocks. Summer. Scotland, Ireland. Tribe xi. Calymperaceji. 38. ENCALYPTA, Schreb. a. Peristome absent. 203. E. commutata, N. and H. St. about 1 inch, branched, radiculose. L. squarrose, lower ovate- lanceolate, upper elongate-acuminate, concave, acute, transversely plicate, nerve excurrent. Caps, smooth, cylindrical, with a long beaked lid. Calyptra jagged, but not fringed at base, longer than capsule, brown at apex. Monoicous. Alpine summits. July, August. Scotland. b. Peristome single. 204. E. vulgaris, Hedw. St. about | inch, branched, radiculose. L. spreading, elliptic-lanceolate, oblong, acute or obtuse, subundulate, apiculate, nerve sometimes excurrent, margin plane. Caps, smooth, cylindrical. Base of calyptra entire. Perist. very fugacious of 16 teeth. Monoicous.ENCALYPTA. 113 Limestone walls, rocks, &c. March, April. Var. f3. Perist. none. L. apiculate (common). Var. 7. Perist. none. L. obtuse and concave at apex. Var. 8. Perist. none. L. obtuse. Caps, oblique. Var. e. Perist. none. L. piliferous. 205. E. rhabdocarpa, Schw. St. ^—1 inch, radiculose. L. spreading, erect and crisped when dry, oblong- lanceolate, nerve generally more or less excurrent into a mucro, margins crenulate with papillae above. Caps, narrowly ovate or ovate cylindric, striate, ribbed when dry. Perist. persistent. Calyptra slightly toothed at base, roughish at apex, yellow. Monoicous. Mountains in Scotland and Ireland. July, August. 206. E. ciliata, Hedw. St. about ^ inch, radiculose. L. oblong-ovate, margin recurved below, and toothed near apex, strongly verruculose, gradually tapering to a point formed by the excurrent nerve, undulate. Caps, cylindrical, elongate, smooth. Perist. persistent. Calyptra fringed at base. Monoicous. Subalpine rocks. June, July. c. Peristome double. 207. E. streptocarpa, Hedw. St. 1—2 inches, radi- culose. L. suberect, ligulate, obtuse and cucullate at apex, nerve not excurrent; per. 1. lanceolate-subulate from an ovate base. Caps, oblong, narrowed above, spirally striate, and twisted when dry. Perist. outer teeth filiform, inner cilia. Calyptra toothed or fringed at base, and roughened at apex. Dioicous. Limestone and mortared walls. Rare in fruit. August. 1114 SYNOPSIS OF BRITISH MOSSES. Tribe xii. Grimmiacejj. Fam. 1. Grimmieae. 39. GRIMMIA, Ehr. Section 1. SCHISTIDIUM. Caps, immersed. Calyptra mitriform, lobed. 208. G. conferta, Funk. Caespitose, intense green above, blackisb below. L. ovate-lanceolate, tapering in tbe upper ones to a short hair-point, margins slightly recurved and thickened, nerve strong, deeply channelled on its upper side. Caps, small, ovate, with a rostellate lid, almost pellucid. Perist. teeth much perforated, pale or orange-red. Kocks. February, March. Scotland. Yar./3. urceolaris. Caps, urceolate. L. with white points. Var. 7. obtusifolia. L. all obtuse, shorter and broader. I Yar. h. incana (0. pruinosa, Wils. MS.). More robust, per. 1. broader, with long hair-points. Caps, more elongate. Perist. teeth stronger, nearly entire, red. [Dr. Braithwaite, Joum. Bot. (N.S.), vol. i. 195.] Trap rocks. King’s Park (Greville); Arthur’s Seat, Edinburgh (Bell); Fife (Howie). 209. G. apocarpa, L. Loosely caespitose. L. spread- ing, lanceolate acuminate, from an ovate erect base, with white points, upper ones with a short, rough hair-point, margins much recurved, nerve ceasing below apex; per. 1. larger, with a thinner nerve. Caps, ovate, thick-walled, with an oblique beaked lid. Perist. teeth dark red. Calyptra divided at base.GRIMHIA. 115 Rocks and walls, sometimes on trees. November—March. Var. /3. gracilis. Per. 1. secund, others subsecund or spreading, stem decumbent, elongated. Yar. y. rivularis. St. fasciculate. L. ovate-lanceo- late, dark green, obtuse. Caps, turbinate. By streams. 210. G. maritima, Turner. Csespitose, dull green or brownish. L. rigid, not hair-pointed, straight, lanceo- late acuminate, keeled, nerve strong, reddish-brown, excurrent, margin plane. Caps, obovate, with a large, rostellate lid. Perist. teeth large and perforate. Rocks near the sea. November—March. Section 2. GA STEB 0- GRIM MI A. Plants very short, pulvinate. Caps, slightlyemerging, ventricose on one side, on a short, curved seta. Ca- lyptra five-lobed or cucullate. a. Peristome absent. 211. G. anodon, B. and S. In small, hoary cushions. L. lower minute, loosely imbricate, ovate lanceolate, muticous, upper larger, broadly oblong-lanceolate, concave, nerve excurrent into a long serrated hair, basal cells elongate, pellucid, above quadrate, opaque. Caps, immersed, oval, strongly ventricose, lid plano-convex. Monoicous. Walls and dry limestone rocks. Spring. Arthur’s Seat (Bell). b. Peristome perfect. 212. G. crinita, Brid. In loose, flat, silky tufts. L. lowest imbricate, lanceolate, muticous, upper obo- vate-oblong, strongly concave, the broad, diaphanous i 2116 SYNOPSIS OP BRITISH MOSSES. apex continued into a long hair, nerve not reaching apex, margin plane, basal cells elongate, diaphanous, upper large, rounded, thickened. Caps, ovate, lightly striate, subcernuous, furrowed when dry, lid convex, with an obtuse point. Calyptra dimidiate, two-lobed. Monoicous. [Dr. Braithwaite, Journ. Bot. (N.S.), vol. i. 195.] Mortar of old walls and limestone rocks. Autumn, spring. Near Hatton, Warwick, 1872 (J. Bagnall). Section 3. EU-GRIMH1A. Caps, exserted, regular, on an arcuate seta. Calyptra mitriform, lobed, rarely cucullate. a. Calyptra cucullate. 213. G. orbicularis, B. and S. Densely pulvinate. L. oblong lanceolate, rounded obtuse at apex, with nerve excurrent into a long hair-point, basal cells large. Caps, almost spherical, drooping, on a curved yellowish seta, slightly striate, lid small, convex, annulus narrow. Perist. teeth trifid, more distantly barred than the next. Monoicous. Limestone rocks. February, March. b. Calyptra lobed, upright or oblique. 1. Monoicous. 214. G. pulvinata, Bill. Densely pulvinate. St. \ —1 inch. L. elliptic, lanceolate, margin recurved, apex rather obtuse, terminated by the nerve excurrent into a long hair-point. Caps, drooping, reddish-brown, ovoid, eight-furrowed, lid convex, with a straight beak. Calyptra lobed at base. Perist. teeth dark red, bi- trifid, annulus large.GHIMMIA. 117 Rocks and walls. April, May. Var. /3. obtusa. Lid short, obtuse. Caps, shorter. 215. G. Schultzii, Brid. L. crowded, subsecund, olive-green, black when dry, from an oblong base, elongate, lanceolate, tapering into a long, rough, diaphanous point, margins recurved. Caps, slightly obovate, eight-furrowed, on a very short, curved seta, annulus large. Perist. teeth long, tapering, deeply bifid. Monoicous. Subalpine rocks. April, May. England, Scotland, Wales. 2. Dioicous (or fruit not known). 216. G. robusta, Fergusson MS. In large, loose tufts, black below, dark green and hoary above. Branches fastigiate. L. erecto-patent, appressed when dry, keeled at back with the strong nerve, margin recurved below, lower short, muticous, lanceolate from a con- tracted ovate base, upper longer, gradually tapering into a long, smooth hair point, cells quadrate, thickened, at centre of base longer, with a single row at margin of basal wing hyaline. [Dr. Braithwaite, l.c., p. 196.] Alpine rocks. Clova (Fergusson); Fairhead, Ireland (Dr. Moore); Cardrossand Bowling (Dr. Stirton); Ross-shire (Hunt). 217. G. contorta, Wahl. In small, deep green, soft tufts, black below and radiculose. L. patent, incurved, curled when dry, lineal subulate from a lanceolate base, with short, diaphanous hair-points, keeled, margin recurved below, basal cells diaphanous, elongate, hexagono-rectangular, above sinuous and quadrate ; per. 1. erect, sheathing. Caps, small, oval, smooth, yellowish, cernuous on a subarcuate seta, erect when118 SYNOPSIS OF BRITISH MOSSES. dry, lid convex, conical, obtuse, orange-red. [Dr. Braithwaite, l.c., p. 197.] Quartz rocks. Cheviots (Hardy); Cloch-na-ben (Sim); Glen Calla- ter, &c. (Fergusson). 218. G. torquata, Grev. (G. tort a, N. and H., Bry. Brit.). Loosely tufted, elongate. St. 1—2 inches, dichotomous, radiculose only at base. L. erecto-patent, lanceolate-acuminate, spirally twisted when dry, chan- nelled, upper hair-pointed, lower mutinous, channelled, margin plane. Pruct. not known. Alpine rocks. England, Scotland, Ireland. 219. G. funalis, Schivgn. (G. spiralis, H. and T., Bry. Brit.). Densely pulvinate. St. ^—1 inch, slender. L. oblong or ovate-lanceolate, erecto-patent, upper ones tapering into a long hair-point, nerve not excurrent. Caps, ovoid, smooth, eight-furrowed when dry, lid short, apiculate, orange-coloured, annulus large, com- pound. Calyptra five-lobed at base. Perist. teeth closely bifid, lacunose at apex. Dry alpine rocks. August—November. England, Scotland, Ireland. 220. G. Muhlenbeckii, Schpr. Loosely pulvinate and csespitose. St. tall, erect or procumbent, dichotomous, and rooting at base. L. densely crowded, patulous, erect when dry, elongate-lanceolate, keeled with the strong nerve, margin plane, lower with a short, upper with a long, rough hair-point, with recurved teeth, basal cells elongate, upper rounded, quadrate. Caps, small, oval, glossy, rugulose when dry, yellowish-brown, lid convex, with a short beak, red. [Dr. Braithwaite. l.c., p. 197. Schp. Syn., p. 255.] July.GBIMMIA. 119 221. G. subsquarrosa, Wils. MS. Dr. F. B. White, Bot. Soc. Edin. Trans., ix. 142. In lax, dark green tufts, fuscous at base. St. 1—f inches, with dichoto- mous, short, curved branches. L. patent, squarrose, erect and appressed when dry, lowest from an ovate base, gradually lanceolate, muticous, upper longer, and extended into a long, denticulate hair-point, nerve strong, margin recurved, basal cells quadrate, hyaline, marginal narrow and elongate, above minute, rounded quadrate. Fr. not known. [Dr. Braithwaite, l.c., p- 196.] Rocks. Kinnoul Hill, Perth (Dr. B. White); Moncrieff Hill (Dr. Stirton); Arthur’s Seat and Braid Hills, &c. ; near Radnor, 1874 (H. Boswell). 222. G. trichophylla, Grev. Loose, yellowish-green tufts, j—1 inch. L. linear-lanceolate, from an erect base, flexuose, upper oblong lanceolate, nerve excurrent, tapering into a long, diaphanous point, margin recurved at base, cells shortly sinuous-rectangular, marginal quadrate. Caps, ovate-oblong, furrowed when dry, lid with a long, straight beak, annulus larger. Perist. teeth bifid. Calyptra lobed. Dioicous. Walls. April—June. - England, Scotland, Ireland. 223. G. Hartmanni, Schp. Loosely csespitose, green above, black below. St. elongate, procumbent, rigid, arcuate, ascending, dichotomous. L. elongate-lanceo- late, upper ones secund, prolonged into a short, smooth hair-point, somewhat concave, margin more or less recurved, basal cells sinuoso-rectangular, hyaline, above quadrate, opaque. Fruit not known. [Dr. Braithwaite, l.c., p. 197. Sch. Syn., 258.]120 SYNOPSIS OP BRITISH MOSSES. Shaded quartzose rocks. Wales and Scotland. 224. G. elatior, Schp. Robust, loosely caespitose, fuscous green, hoary at, top. St. sparingly branched, elongate, from decumbent naked base ascending. L. very long, curved, patent, from oblong carinato-concave base longly lanceolate, ending in a long, smoothish hair-point, margin revolute, basal cells linear-rectan- gular, wider towards margin, above rounded, opaque. Caps, ovate, ten-ribbed, when dry oblong, deeply furrowed, lid conical, muticous or subaciculate. Dioi- cous. [Dr. Braithwaite, l.c., 197. Schp. Syn.. 258.] Granite rocks. Spring. Clova, 1868 (Fergusson). Section 4. GUEMBELIA. Calyptra mitriform or cucullate. Caps, on an upright seta. a. Calyptra lobed, mitriform. 1. Monoicous. 225. G. Donniana, Sm. St. j—J inch, tufted. L. erecto-patent, lanceolate-elongate, narrow, tapering into a long, scarcely roughened hair-point, thinly nerved, margin plane; per. 1. longer. Caps, erect, oval-oblong, slightly exserted, pale yellowish-brown, lid obtuse, conical, annulus small. Perist. teeth broad, sometimes perforate. Mountain rocks and walls. March, April, October. England, Scotland, Wales. Yar. /3. sudetica. L. with longer hair-points. Caps, immersed, lid conico-acuminate. Yar. 7. elongata. L. scarcely hair-pointed. Caps, on a longish seta.GRIMHIA. 121 226. G. ovata, W. and M. St. | inch or more, branched, fastigiate. L. spreading, erect when dry, from an oblong, concave base, lanceolate, tapering into a roughish hair-point, nerve broad, indistinct, margin recurved below, basal cells scarcely sinuous. Caps, ovoid, erect, exserted, reddish-brown, annulus large, lid obliquely rostellate, with a groove round its base. Perist. teeth narrow, cleft and perforate. Alpine rocks. October—March. Breadalbane and Clova, Snowdon, Charnwood Forest, &c. 2. Dioicous. 227. G. leucophea, Grev. Dark green, hoary tufts. St. k inch. L. erect, spreading, when dry closely imbricate, upper ovate or elliptical concave, with very long hair-points and plane margins, lower ones smaller, muticous. Caps, smooth, elliptical or oblong, erect, exserted, with a short conico-rostellate lid, and broad annulus. Scotland, Devon, &c. April. b. Calyptra cucullate, dioicous. 228. G. commutata, Bueb. Loosely tufted, blackish- green, hoary at top. St. slender, flexuose, naked below. L. lower small, loosely imbricate, upper much longer, ovate lanceolate, from a broad upright base declining, shortly hair-pointed; per. 1. three internal, erect, sheathing, longly pointed, basal cells rectangular, upper quadrate. Caps, ovate or ovate-globose, erect, smooth, exserted, lid acutely and obliquely rostrate, annulus broad. [Schp. Syn., p. 263. Dr. Braithwaite, l.c., 198.] Dry quartzose rocks. Spring.122 SYNOPSIS OP BRITISH MOSSES. Moncrieff Hill, Perth (Dr. Stirtou); Dunkeld (Dr. B. White); Clova, in fr. (Fergusson); &c. 229. 6. montana, B. and S. St. slender, dichotomous. L. erecto-patent, from an oval-oblong base, lanceolate, with a long hair-point, very concave, margin erect, basal cells diaphanous, quadrato-hexagonal, above minute, rounded, thickened, opaque. Caps, erect, on a short seta, ovate, small, brown, very smooth, lid obliquely rostrate. Calyptra large, long-beaked, an- nulus simple. Perist. teeth irregularly torn. [Dr. Braithwaite, l.c., 199. Sch. Svn., 264.J Sandstone and granite rocks. Spring. Deeside, Aberdeenshire, 1869 (Prof. Barker and Mr. Boy) ; Bolt Head, Devonshire, in fruit (Mr. Holmes). 230. G. Ungeri, Juratzka. Compact, irregular, blackish-green, hoary tufts. St. short, simple or dichotomous. L. erecto-patulous, lower smaller, mu- ticous, upper larger, lanceolate, from an obovate base, ending in a long, smooth hair-point, margin plane, basal cells quadrate, hyaline, above quadrate, then opaque and indistinct. Caps, small, oval, smooth, without annulus, exserted on an erect, pale brown seta, lid conical, obtuse. Calyptra cucullate. Monoicous. [Dr. Braithwaite, l.c., 198. Sch. Syn., 853.] On earth in crevices of rocks at 1600 feet at Ballater (Rev. J. Fergusson). c. Calyptra lobato-cucullate. 231. G. elongata, Kaulfuss. In loose, cushioned tufts, black below, innovations olive-green, with hoary tips. St. slender, repeatedly dichotomous, naked below, without radicles. L. patulous, lower lanceolate, muticous, upper elongate-lanceolate, obtuse, with theGEIMMIA. 123 apex diaphanous, margin erect, basal cells rectangular, hyaline at margin, becoming minute and quadrate above. Caps, ovate, erect, smooth, pale brown, on a straight seta, lid conical, obtuse, annulus narrow. Perist. teeth lanceolate, red, entire or slightly perforate. Calyptra multifid, long beaked. [Dr. Braithwaite, l.c., 199. Sch. Syn., 267.] Alpine rocks. Summer. Glen Callater and Glen Phee, Clova, 1868 (Fer- gusson); near Glasgow (Dr. Stirton). 232. G. unicolor, Grev. St. 1—2 inches, loosely csespitose, naked below. Branches brittle, flexuose. L. erect, channelled, lanceolate-subulate, from an ovate base, obtuse, not hair-pointed, rigid, margin incurved, broadly nerved to apex. Caps, ovate, nearly erect, with a large annulus and a long, straight or slightly inclined beak. Dioicous. Alpine rocks. Autumn. Clova. 233. G. atrata, Miel. St. csespitose, 1—2 inches. L. blackish, rigid, erecto-patent, lanceolate-subulate, carinate, margin reflexed, scarcely so obtuse as the last, with a thinner nerve, scarcely reaching to apex. Caps, ovate-oblong, on a longer seta, erect or subcernuous, annulus broad, lid rostrate, orange-coloured. Alpine rocks. October—April. Snowdon, Glen Callater, &c. Section 5. COSCINODON. Calyptra reaching to neck of capsule. Perist. teeth cribrose. 234. G. cribrosa, Hedw. Densely pulvinate, glaucous green, often black below. St. | inch, dichotomous.124 SYNOPSIS OP BRITISH MOSSES. L. erecto-patent, appressed when dry, from an ovate or oblong concave base, lanceolate, channelled, with a furrow on either side of the nerve below, rather obtuse, upper ones hair-pointed, margin erect, cells upper small, roundish, opaque, medial quadrate, basal next the nerve rectangular, contiguous, marginal more hyaline. Caps, subimmersed, erect, obovate, wide- mouthed, smooth, lid large, conical, with an erect, obtuse beak. Calyptra large, plicate, lobed at base. Perist. teeth widely lanceolate, beautifully cribrose, papillose at apex, reflexed when dry. Dioicous. [Rev. J. Fergusson in “Naturalist/’ v. 83,1880. Sch. Syn., 287.] Rocks and crevices. April. Coniston (Prof. Barker, April, 1867). Section 6. Rank uncertain. 235. G. Stirtoni, Schp. In habit resembling G. elongata but differs thus:—L. scarcely squarrose- spreading, but patent and curved, upper continued into a long hair, margin distinctly thickened, upper cells minutely quadrate, lower lax-quadrate, thence at base shortly rectangular, scarcely sinuose nor elongate, hyaline at margin, thinly nerved, and blackish. [Sch. Syn., 270.] Near Glasgow (Stirton, 1866). 40. RACOMITRIUM, Brid. Sub-genus 1. Gampylodryptodon. Seta arcuate. Perist. teeth bifid almost to base. 236. It. patens, Brid., Bry. Univ., i. 192 (Grimmia patens, Bry. Brit., p. 158). In dark green or fuscous tufts. St. 2—4 inches, branched, decumbent, andRACOMITRIUM. 125 naked below. L. spreading or slightly secund, elon- gate, lanceolate, gradually tapering to a blunt, slightly dentate apex, margin recurved below, nerve strong, two-winged at back; per. 1. shorter. Caps, almost obovate, smooth, furrowed when dry, on a pale flexuose seta, mouth red, lid obliquely rostrate, annulus large. Calyptra five-lobed. Dioicous. Moist alpine rocks. April, May. Scotland, Wales, Ireland. Sub-genus 2. Dryptodon. L. solid, muticous. Calyptra with a rough, subulate beak. Seta erect, lid of capsule with an aciculate beak. 237. R. ellipticum, Turner. Blackish, rigid tufts. St. 1 inch, decumbent and naked below. L. spreading from an erect base, lanceolate, oblong, strongly nerved to apex, margins plane, thickened, upper cells sinuous, quadrate, lower longer, linear, sinuous. Caps, erect, ovate-globose, smooth, on a short, thick, twisted seta, lid large, conical, with a long, slender, subulate beak. Dioicous. Moist alpine rocks. October—April. Scotland, Wales, Ireland. 238. R. aciculare, Linn. St. 1—3 inches, caespitose, decumbent and leafless, and slightly tomentose at base. Branches very leafy. L. spreading or secund, ovate- oblong or broadly lanceolate, obtuse, sometimes toothed at apex, to which the nerve does not reach, upper cells quadrate or ovate, lower linear, sinuous. Caps, erect, oblong, smooth, with a small mouth, and on a longer and thinner seta, lid with a long, straight, subulate beak. Dioicous. Wet mountainous rocks by streams. November—April.126 SYNOPSIS OP BRITISH MOSSES. Var. /9. denticulatum. L. distinctly and distantly toothed at apes. 239. R. protensum, A. Braun. St. less rigid than last, and leafy at base. L. generally secnnd, from an oval, oblong base, lanceolate-subulate, obtuse, integrate, margin recurved, nerved to apex; per. 1. sheathing. Caps, subcylindrical, thinner, on a pale seta, lid with a long, subulate beak. Calyptra five-lobed. Dioicous. Moist alpine rocks. April. Wales, Derbyshire, Yorkshire, &c. Sub-genus 3. Racomitrium. PI. nodose or fasciculate, branched. L. hair-pointed. Perist. teeth in two very long, filiform crura. 240. R. sudeticum, Funk. St. slender, decumbent and naked at base. L. spreading, recurved, keeled, lanceolate, tapering into a long, whitish, diaphanous, denticulate point. Caps, small, ovoid or elliptic, on a short seta, lid with a shorter, acute beak. Alpine and subalpine wet rocks. April. 241. R. heterostichum, Hedw. St. £—1 inch, base decumbent. Branches scarcely fasciculate. L. patent or falcate, secund, lanceolate, tapering to a long, white, denticulate point, margin recurved, areolae long and sinuous below, above subquadrate. Caps, subcylin- drical, mouth very small. Calyptra somewhat papillose at apex only, lid short, obliquely rostrate. Rocks and walls. March. England, Wales, Ireland. Var. /3. alopecurum. L. with short hair-points. Caps, smaller. Var. y. gracilescens. L. obtuse. Caps, small, on a short seta.RAC0MITR1UH. 127 242. It. fasciculare, Schrad. St. 1—2 inches, decum- bent at base, with upright innovations, fasciculate. L. crowded, from a broadish, erect base, linear-lanceo- late, spreading, muticous, margins recurved, areolae long, narrow, sinuous. Caps, oval or oblong, with a long, subulate lid. Calyptra copiously papillose all over. Wet rocks. March. 243. It. miorooarpon, Hedw. St. slender, fasciculate, with short branches. L. spreading, falcato-secund, lanceolate, tapering to a short point, areolae ail long and sinuous. Caps, small, ovate, thin and pale, with a robust, rostrate lid. Highlands of Scotland. Autumn. 244. It. lanuginosum, Bricl. St. very long and slender, fasciculate. L. lanceolate, tapering into a long, strongly dentate point, sometimes secund or spreading, from an erect base, areolae sinuous. Caps, small, ovoid, on a short, roughish seta, and with a long, straight, rostrate lid. Calyptra papillose above. Mountains, walls, rocks, and heaths. March—June. 245. It. canescens, Hedw. St. 2—4 inches, decum- bent at base. L. erecto-patent or falcate-secund, ovate-lanceolate, tapering into a long, denticulate point, recurved from an erect base, areolae sinuous. Caps, ovoid, eight-striate when dry, with a very long, subulate lid. Calyptra papillose above only. Stony and sandy heaths. March. Yar. /3. prolixum. Older innovations only with fasciculate ramuli. Yar. y. eeicoides. Covered with fasciculate ramuli. L. squarrose.128 SYNOPSIS' OF BRITISH MOSSES. Fam. 2. Ptychoroitriae. 41. GLYPHOMITRITTM, Schwg. 246. G. Daviesii, Schwg. St. 5 inch, ceespitose. L. linear- or ovate-lanceolate, spreading, entire, margin thickened and reflexed below, strongly nerved to apex, areolae minute, larger and rectangular at base. Caps, erect, almost globose, with a reddish mouth and long, rostrate lid. Perist. teeth converging when moist, reflexed when dry. Calyptra large, laciniate at base. Clefts of rocks. June, July. Giant’s Causeway, Llanberis; Glenarbuck, May, 1863 (W. Galt and McCartney); New Kilpatrick, Killin (McKinlay); Ardtun Mull (Dr. Black) ; Skye (Hunt) ; Blairlogie; Craigallion; Campsie Hills (Thompson and Galt), &c. 42. PTYCHOMITBITJM, B. and S. 247. P. polyphyllum, B. and S. St. 1 — 2 inches, tufted. L. linear-lanceolate, from a broadish, oblong base, spreading, nerved to the dentate, acute apex, margin reflexed below. Caps, elliptical, on a long, twisted seta. Calyptra plicate, lid long, subulate. Mountainous rocks and walls. Winter. Fam. 3. Zygodonteae. 43. AMPHORIDIUM, Schp. 248. A. Lapponicum, B. and S. St. | inch, caespitose, radiculose. L. spreading, linear-lanceolate, keeled, contorted when dry, nerve ceasing near apex, young ones bright green, older blackish-brown; per. 1. ovate- lanceolate. Caps, scarcely exserted, turbinate, deeply eight-striate, urceolate when dry, lid with a short, oblique beak. Monoicous.ZYGODON. 129 Crevices of Alpine rocks. Summer. England, Scotland, Wales. 249. A. Mougeotii, B. and S. St. more than 1 inch, casspitose, scarcely radiculose. L. fasciculate, recurved, narrowly linear-lanceolate, margin reflexed below, nerved to apex, scarcely contorted when dry. Caps, turbinate, urceolate when dry, 8-striate, lid with a long, very oblique beak. Dioicous. Moist shady rocks. Summer. 44. ZYGODON, Hook, and Tcvyl. a. Peristome absent. 250. Z. viridissimus, Dicks. St. i—1 inch, fastigiate, radiculose below. L. squarrose, recurved, widely lanceolate, somewhat contorted when dry, minutely papillose, nerve sometimes slightly excurrent. Caps, obovate, obscurely 8-striate, lid with a long, oblique beak. Dioicous. Trees. March, April. Yar. /3. bupestris. (Stirtoni, Schp.). L. ligulate, not tapering to apex, nerve generally reddish and translucent, excurrent into a mucro. Rocks. Not unfrequent. England, Scotland, Ireland. b. Peristome double. 1. Inner peristome fugacious. 251. Z. eonoideus, Dicks. St. very short, caespitose, fastigiate, densely radiculose. L. somewhat spreading, not recurved, linear-lanceolate, with plane margins, and nerved nearly to apex. Caps, arcuate, oval, tapering below, 8-striate, lid with a long, straight beak. Perist. x130 SYNOPSIS OF BRITISH MOSSES. outer 8 short, recurved teeth, inner 8 yellowish cilia, often absent. Dioicous. Trees. May. Scotland, Ireland, England. 2. Inner peristome persistent. 252. Z. Forsteri, Dicks. St. |i inch, densely tufted, with whitish radicles. L. erecto-patent, elliptic- lanceolate, nerved to apex or slightly excurrent, areolae hexagonal (not, as in all the previous ones, dot-like), oblong and diaphanous at base. Caps, pyriform, striate, lid with a long, inclined beak. Perist. outer 8 acute, bigeminate teeth, inner 8 alternating cilia. Monoicous. Trees. Rare. May, June. South of England. 253. Z. Nowellii, Schp. (gracilis, Wils. MS.). St. 1 inch or more, tufted, branched. L. patent, recurved, lower elliptic-lanceolate, upper from an oblong, con- cave base, narrowly lanceolate, twisted when dry, with plane margins, and denticulate near the apex, areolae close and punctate above, large and pellucid below, nerve thin, hispid at back. Caps, oblong-cylindric, striate, lid rostrate. Old walls. Malham (J. Nowell), in fr., September, 1866; Littondale. Fam. 4. Orthotrichese. 45. ULOTA, Mohr. a. Bepentes. St. creeping. L. scarcely crisped when dry. 254. IT. Drummondii, Greville. L. linear-lanceolate, from a narrow, ovate base, blunt-pointed, scarcely crisped, margin hardly recurved. Caps, obovate-ULOTA. 131 clavate, on a long seta, 8-sulcate to base and con- tracted at mouth when dry. Calyptra with long, stiff hairs. Perist. of 16 teeth in pairs, and no cilia. Trunks of young trees. August. Scotland, Ireland, England. 255. II. Ludwigii, Brid. L. subpatent or spreading, narrowly linear-lanceolate, from an ovate base, slightly contorted when dry, margin slightly undulate. Caps, clavate-pyriform, striate only at summit, much con- tracted at mouth when dry. Perist. 16 teeth in pairs, afterwards equidistant, occasionally with short cilia. Calyptra densely pilose. Trees. Rare. August, September. England, Scotland, Ireland. b. Gris pee. St. erect. L. cirrato-crisped when dry. 256. IJ. Bruchii, Bornsch. St. short, tufted. L. spreading, sharply linear-lanceolate, from an ovate, concave base, subflexuose. Caps, pyriform, tapering at base, on along, twisted seta, with eight broad striae, and contracted at mouth when dry. Calyptra blackish- yellow, with many furrows, deeply incised, and very hairy. Perist. of 16 teeth in pairs, and 8, very seldom 16, cilia. Trees. July, August. Scotland, Yorkshire, Westmoreland, Sussex, &c. 257. U. calveseens, Wils. Differs from Bruchii by its shorter leaves more narrowly reticulated. Calyptra scarcely hairy. Caps, oval-oblong, with a long tapering neck, lid more convex and shortly beaked. From crispa by its longer seta and shorter capsule, not con- ic 2132 SYNOPSIS OF BRITISH MOSSES. tracted at mouth when dry, and by its smooth, glossy calyptra. Trees. June. Killarney (Dr. Moore and Dr. Carrington) ; Dailly and Loch Doon (J. Shaw) ; Loch Lomond; Westmore- land. 258. U. crispa, Hedw. St. about 1 inch, tufted. L. linear-lanceolate, from an ovate, concave base, slightly waved at margin, very much contorted when dry. Caps, clavate, contracted at mouth when dry, eight broad, deep striae, apophysis gradually tapering into the thick seta. Perist. 8 teeth, and 8, sometimes 16, cilia. Trees. July* August. 259. U. intermedia, Sch., Syn. 305. Resembles crispa. L. lougly linear-lanceolate, from an ovate or obovate base, cells of the middle base linear, subver- micular, the rest broader, rhomboid above, rectangular hyaline below, and orange-coloured. Caps, shorter, more narrowly striate, on a shorter seta, suburceolate when dry and empty, when old narrowly elongate, fusiform, scarcely contracted at mouth. Trees. June, July. Not uncommon, frequently found with both crispa and crispula. 260. TJ. crispula, Bruch. St. very minute, tufted. L. small, linear-lanceolate, much crisped when dry. Caps, pyriform, small, thin, with 8 inconspicuous striae, when dry short, truncate, urceolate, slightly contracted at mouth. Trees. Not common. May, June. Yorkshire, Sussex, English lakes. 261. TJ. phyllantha, Brid. St. 1 inch, tufted. L.ORTHOTRICHUM. 133 linear-lanceolate, without a broad base, nerve extending1 to apex or exserted, where it is generally covered with gemmae, crisped when dry. Fruit not known. Rocks and trees. Generally near the sea. c. Stridifolice. 262. U. Hutchinsise, Sm. St. about | inch, tufted. L. erecto-patent, imbricate and rigid when dry, broadly lanceolate, nerved to blunt apex, margin reflexed. Caps, clavate-pyriform, with eight broad striae, slightly contracted at mouth when dry, apophysis tapering. Calyptra large, very hairy. Perist. 16 teeth in pairs, with 8 short cilia, sometimes wanting. Mountainous rocks. Spring. Wales, Ireland, Scotland, England. 46. ORTHOTRICHUM, Hedw. a. Anomalce. Erect, dichotomous. L. solid, straight when dry, basal cells lax, hyaline. Caps, ovate or oblong, exserted. 1. Perist. simple, or the internal rudimentary. 263. 0. anomalnm, Eedw. Sp. Muse. (non Bry. Brit.). St. erect, simple, slightly branched. L. lower patulous, remote, upper erecto-patent, lanceolate from an ovate base, margin revolute, papillose, apical cells minute, rotundate-hexagonal. Caps, ovate-oblong, 16-striate. Calyptra brownish, hairy. Perist. t. pale, equidistant, erect when dry. [Bry. Eur., iii. t. 210. Schp. Syn., 308] Trap rocks. Summer. Aberdour, Fifeshire (Dr, Wood); Conway. 264. 0, saxatile, Brid. (0. anomalum, Bry. Brit,,134 SYNOPSIS OF BRITISH MOSSES. p. 177.) St. erect, sparingly branched. L. narrow, lanceolate, sharply acuminate, nerve thick, areolas narrow at base, crisped when dry. Caps, narrow, subcylindrical, much exserted, with 8 long striae, prominent when dry, and then with 8 shorter, alter- nating, spurious ones just below the mouth. Perist. teeth in pairs. Calyptra furrowed, very hairy. [Supp. Bry. Eur., fasc. i. ii.] Limestone walls and rocks. Spring, b. Rupestrce. Taller. L. minutely areolate above. Calyptra more or less hairy, campanulate. Caps, striate, short-necked, immersed or slightly exserted. Perist. teeth 16, free. 1. Perist. simple. 265. 0. cupulatum, Eoffm. St. under 1 inch. L. spreading, straight and loosely imbricate when dry, lanceolate, keeled, margin reflexed, densely papillose, lower brownish, nerve distinct. Caps, obovate, 16- striate, urceolate when dry, with a shortly beaked lid. Calyptra hairy. Perist. simple, of 16 free equidistant teeth, spreading when dry. Rocks and walls. May, June. Var. /3. nudum. Calyptra naked, longer. Caps, oval-oblong, less striate. Teeth erect. 266. 0. Sturmii, Hop. and Hornsch. In loose cushions. St. short and erect, or longer and prostrate. L. patent and recurved when moist, incumbent when dry, margin subrevolute, acutely costato-carinate, upper cells gene- rally in two strata, papillose. Caps, generally immersed, obovate, with 8 obsolete striae, when dry 8-ribbed and constricted below the mouth. Calyptra more or lessORTHOTRICHUM. 135 hairy, shining. Perist. teeth simple, 1G equidistant, erect when dry, slightly incurved. [Bry.Eur.,iii. t, 109.] Trap rocks. Summer. Scotland, Ireland (Dr. Wood). 2G7. 0. Shawii, Wils. MS. Kesembles the last, but differs by its leaves being less solid and of looser texture at base, upper cells in one stratum always (not in two), by the fewer hairs on its shorter glossy white calyptra, and by its perist. teeth, densely papillose, white and reflexed when dry. [Supp. Bry. Eur., fasc. i. ii. Sch. Syn., 314.] On an ash tree at Kilkerran Castle, Argyleshire, 18G0 (J. Shaw). June. 2. Perist. double. 268. 0. rupestre, Schl. St. 1 inch or more, csespitose, creeping at base. L. broadly lanceolate, spreading, slightly recurved. Caps, pyriform, mouth large, scarcely exserted, indistinctly 8-striate. Calyptra large, yellow, with long hairs. Perist. 16 pale teeth in pairs (equidistant when dry), and 8 cilia. Mountainous rocks. July, August, c. Obtusifolice. L. obtuse, margin incurved, imbricate when dry. Caps, immersed, striate. 269. 0. obtusifolium, Schrad. In loose, yellowish- green tufts, brownish below. L. patulous, oblong, from an ovate base, apex obtuse, hyaline and minutely serrulate, concave, margin incurved, papillose at back ; per. 1. broader and less obtuse. Caps, oval, immersed, with 8 orange striae. Calyptra long, naked, whitish, with a brown tip, lid convex, acuminate. Perist. teeth 8. bigeminate, reflexed when dry,.alternating with 8 cilia. Dioicous. (Bry. Eur., iii. t. 208.)136 SYNOPSIS OP BRITISH MOSSES. On trunks of trees. May. York, Bristol, &c. d. Affinice. Caps, immersed or exserted, 8-striate, generally to base. Perist. teeth bigeminate, strongly reflexed when dry. 1. Internal perist. 8 or 16 cilia. 270. 0. affine, Schrad. St. 1—1 inch, tufted, branched. L. spreading, recurved, erecto-patent when dry, oblong-lanceolate, with a blunt point, margin revolute and slightly undulate, strongly papillose on both sides. Caps, elliptic-oblong, somewhat exserted, contracted when dry, striae narrow. Perist. 8 pale teeth and 8 filiform cilia. Calyptra large, greenish- yellow, hairy, lid convex, margin yellow, beak pale. Trees, walls, &c. Common. June, July. 271. 0. fastigiatum, Bruch. St. longer, tufted with fastigiate branches. L. broader, lanceolate, acuminate, gradually tapering to a point, suberect. Caps, almost pyriform, scarcely exserted, with broad striae, lid broad, border reddish, long-beaked. Calyptra brown- ish-yellow, slightly hairy. Perist. teeth 8, and 16 broad, short cilia. Solitary trees. May, June. Yorkshire, Sussex, &c. 272. 0. speeiosum, Nees. St. 1 inch or more, tufted, branched. L. spreading, recurved, elongate, lanceo- late, somewhat pointed, papillose, margins recurved, nerve thin. Caps, shortly exserted, elliptic-oblong, faintly striate at summit, lid conical, beaked. Calyptra large, yellowish, with long hairs, Perist. 8 yellowish teeth, and 8 cilia. Trees. Rare. July, August.ORTHOTEICHUM. 137 Montrose and Corrie Mulzie. 273. 0. patens, Bruch. Tufts lax, yellow-green. L. spreading, recurved, from an ovate base, lanceolate, margin slightly revolute, very papillose. Caps, im- mersed, obovate, neck tapering, smooth, pale yellow, with 8 narrow striae, truncate, and 8-furrowed when dry, lid with a short beak. Calyptra campanulate, slightly hairy, seldom naked. Perist. teeth bigemi- nate, pale yellow, cilia long, filiform. (Sch. Syn., 324.) Trees. Rare. May. Scotland. 274. 0. stramineum, Horns. St. short, tufted. L. spreading, from an oblong base, narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, keeled, margin reflexed, papillose. Caps, ovate-pyriform, slightly exserted, striae broad. Calyp- tra large, campanulate, purple-tipped, slightly hairy. Perist. 8 teeth, with 16 (sometimes only 8) cilia. Vaginula hairy. Trees and rocks. June, July. England, Scotland, Wales. 275. 0. pumilum, Swartz. (0. fallax, Br., Wils., B. and S., but not Schp. Syn.). Minute, pulvinate. L. lanceolate, acute, carinate, margin revolute; per. 1. longer, erect. Caps, oblong, with 8 orange striae, neck gradually tapering into the seta. Calyptra long, shining, brown at apex. Perist. teeth 8, bigeminate, yellow, densely papillose, reflexed when dry. Ash trees at lnverkip and Dailly, Ayrshire. 276. 0. fallax, Schp. Syn. 327, not Bruch. (0. pumilum, Dicks, Bry. Brit., B. and S., Muller, &c.). Differs from the above in having a more oblong, thicker capsule, with deeper yellow striae, with its neck shorter, abrupt, not gradually narrowed, and138 SYNOPSIS OF BRITISH MOSSICS. with a shorter, more inflated calyptra. L. elliptic- lanceolate and obtuse. On trees. Not common. Spring. England, Ireland. 277. 0. tenellum, Bruch. St. | inch, tufted. L. spreading, broadly lanceolate below, above lanceolate- oblong or ligulate, obtuse, margin revolute. Caps, yellow-brown, exserted, subcylindrical, not contracted at mouth when dry, broadly and distinctly striate. Calyptra with a few short hairs, conico-campanulate, yellow. Perist. yellow, 8 teeth and 8 incurved cilia. Trees. May, June. England, Ireland, Wales. 278. 0. pallens, Bruch. St. erect, short, tufted. L. spreading, elongate, lanceolate or ligulate, obtuse, papillose, margins revolute. Caps, elliptic-oblong, with a large apophysis, scarcely exserted, slightly contracted at mouth when dry, strise broad, yellow. Calyptra large, pale yellow, hairless. Perist. of 8 yellow teeth and 16 cilia. Trees. Rare. June. Addingham, &c. 279. 0. diaphanum, Schrad. St. scarcely | inch, tufted. L. spreading, ovate-lanceolate, tapering to a slender, diaphanous, serrulate point, margin recurved. Caps, subcylindric, almost immersed, faintly striate. Calyptra generally naked. Perist. 16 equidistant teeth, sometimes split at apex, and 16 cilia. Walls, trees, and palings. April. e. Pulchellce. Tufts small, pulvinate. L. linear-lanceolate. Ca- lyptra naked. Caps, small, exserted. Perist. double.ORTHOTRICHUM. 139 280. 0. pulchellum, 8m. St. 5- inch, tufted. L. spreading, soft, crisped when dry, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, margin recurved below, apical cells minute, papillose, basal lax, pale. Caps, pale, oval, with 8 reddish strife. Perist. 16 reddish teeth in pairs, and 16 cilia. Calyptra campanulate, pale yellow, purplish at tip. Trunks of trees. May. f. Lyelliana. Loosely pulvinate. L. long, squarrose. Caps, sub- immersed, substriate. Perist. double, teeth 16, free. 281. 0. Lyellii, Rook. St. 2 inches or more, loosely tufted, with erect branches. L. much spreading, long, linear-lanceolate, wavy, scarcely serrate at apex, and studded with papillae and brownish, gland-like bodies. Caps, elliptic-oblong, with a distinct tapering apophy- sis, and faint striae, deeply sulcate when dry. Calyptra very large, brown tipped, with a few long, whitish hairs. Perist. 16 pale teeth, and 16 red, toothed cilia. Old tree trunks. Pare in fr. July. g. Leiocarpa. Caps, immersed, without striae, smooth. Perist. double, outer of 16 long, free teeth, revolute when dry. 282. 0. leiocarpum, B. and 8. St. 1—3 inches, tufted, branched. L. spreading, recurved, lanceolate, pointed, papillose, margin strongly revolute. Caps, large, pale brown, obovate, perfectly smooth and not contracted at mouth when dry, scarcely exserted. Calyptra hairy, sometimes naked. Perist. 16 teeth and 16 yellowish erose cilia. Trees. April, May.140 SYNOPSIS OF BRITISH MOSSES. h. Rivularia. PI. flaccid, lurid green. L. broadish, soft. Calyptra naked. Caps, immersed. Perist. double. 283. 0. Sprucei, Mont. St. J inch, tufted. L. spreading, oblong-ovate or ligulate, apex rounded and tipped with an apiculus, scarcely reflexed, thinly nerved, not papillose. Caps, pyriform, contracted at mouth when dry, strife broad, lid with a short beak. Calyptra campanulate, reddish tipped, large. Perist. 16 teeth, in pairs, yellowish, reflexed when dry, and 8, sometimes 16, cilia. Trees near rivers. May, June. York, Matlock, Glasgow, &c. 284. 0. rivulare, Turn. St. long, tufted, often floating. L. oblong-ovate, elongate above, flaccid, sometimes subsecund, obtuse, with a strong nerve and small papillae, margin recurved below. Caps, shortly ovate, broadly and obscurely striate, almost immersed. Perist. 8 teeth in pairs, afterwards nearly equidistant, and 16 cilia. Calyptra large, campanulate, dull green, blackish at apex and base. Eocks and tree-trunks at edges of streams. June. England, Wales, Ireland. Tribe xiii. Schistostegacej:. 47. SCHISTOSTEGA, Mohr. 285. S. osmundacea, W. and M. St. J| inch. L. bifarious, insertion vertical, lanceolate, pale green. Caps, small, subglobose, mouth large, lid convex, yellow, with a red border. Young plant, when grow- ing in caves, emitting a beautiful golden-green light. Sandstone caves and banks. Not rare. March.TETRAPIiODON. 141 Tribe xiv. Splachnauej;. Farm. 1. Tayloriae. w. Perist. absent. 48. (EDIPODIUM, Schw. 286. (E. Griffithianum, Dicks. St. J—£ inch, tufted, barren often much longer. L. obovate-spathulate, obtuse, fringed below, not nerved to apex. Caps, obovate or pyriform, neck tapering into a thick succu- lent seta, lid convex, obtuse. Calvptra membranous, hyaline below, brownish above. Crevices of mountainous rocks. July, August. b. Perist. of 16 teeth. 49. DISSODON, Grev. 287. D. splaehnoides, Schwg. St. 1—4 inches, radi- culose. L. erecto-patent, obovate-oblong or lingulate obtuse, margin plane, not nerved to apex. Caps, obovate, with a short, tapering neck, lid conical, pointed, columella exserted when dry. Wet mountainous bogs. Autumn. Scotland. 50. TAYL0R1A, Hooker. 288. T. tenuis, Dicks. St. scarcely 1 inch. L. erecto- patent, broadly spathulate, shortly acuminate, serrate above, not nerved to apex, cells large, lax. Caps, oval, on a slender tapering seta, much contracted and wide- mouthed when dry, columella exserted. Turfy soil on Scotch mountains. July, August. Fam. 2. Splachnese. 51. TETRAPLODON, B. and S. 289. T. angustatus, L. fil. St. $—2 inches, tufted.142 SYNOPSIS OF BRITISH MOSSES. L. suberect, elongate-lanceolate, concave, narrowed into a long, tapering, flexuose point, serrate, nerve excurrent. Caps, ovate, on an obconical apophysis, lid conical, obtuse. Dung on mountains. Rare. July, August. 290. T. mnioides, L. fil. St. 4—3 inches, tufted. L. suberect, obovate, or nearly elliptical, suddenly narrowed into a long, piliferous, flexuose point, con- cave, entire, nerved to apex. Caps, elliptical, on a large, obovate apophysis of about same width, lid conical, obtuse. Moist mountainous situations, on dung, &c. Summer. 52. SPLACHNUM, Linn, a. Caps, with an ovate or spherical apophysis. 291. S. sphcericum, Linn. fil. St. \—1 inch. L. roundish, obovate, acuminate, scarcely serrate, lower smaller, nerved nearly to apex, apophysis not tapering, roundish ovate, about same width as cylindrical cap- sule, lid mammillate. Dioicous. Dung in moist peaty places. May, June. 292. S. vasculosum, L. St. |—1 inch, radiculose L. roundish ovate, obtuse, or ovate acuminate, entire, narrow at base, nerved nearly to apex, areolae lax. Caps, small, cylindrical, on a large globular apophysis, lid convex. Dioicous. Elevated wet places. July. b. Apophysis pyriform. 293. S. ampullaceum, L. St. about 1 inch. L. lower lanceolate, upper larger, obovate or oblong-lanceolate, all serrate or sometimes entire, acuminate, nerved nearly to apex, areolae lax, seta dilated above into aEPHEMERUM. 143 turbinate apophysis, bearing the small cylindrical caps., the whole shaped like the ancient ampulla, lid conical. Mono- or dioicous. On dung in peaty places. May, June. Tribe xv. Disceliaceas. 53. DISCELIUM, Brid. 294. D. nudum, Dicks. Stemless. L. few, ovate- lanceolate, entire, concave, round the base of the seta, generally buried, seta ^—1 inch. Caps, subglobose, reddish, cernuous, small, lid conical, acute. Clay banks and beds. February—April. Near Manchester; Todmorden, &c. Tribe xvi. Fuhariace2E. Fain. 1. Ephemerae. 54. EPHEMERUM, Eampe. a. L. nerveless. 295. E. serratum, Sclireb. (Ed. 1, Phascum, p. 26). Stemless, leaves lanceolate, erecto-patent, acuminate, serrated, connivent. Capsule large, subglobose, red- dish, subsessile. Sandy banks or fallows. Spring or autumn. Yar. /3. angustifolitjm. “ Leaves narrower, linear- lanceolate, obscurely toothed. Caps, smaller.” 296. E. tenerum, Bruch. Inconspicuous. L. broad, ovate-lanceolate, slightly denticulate at apex, very flaccid. Caps, small, pale yellow. Calyptra conical. On the mud of dried-up pools. Winter. Weald of Sussex, Mr. Mitten. b. L. nerved. 297. E. cohaerens, Hed. Stemless, very minute. L.144 SfMOPSIS OF BRITISH MOSSES. lower ovate-lanceolate, almost nerveless, integrate, upper elongate, lanceolate, keeled, erect, nerved to apex, and serrated about half-way from summit. Caps, subspherical, immersed, subsessile. On tbe ground. Winter. 298. E. stenophyllum, Voit. [P. sessile, B. and S.; ed. 1, p. 27.] Very minute, almost stemless. L. lanceolate-subulate, denticulate more than two-thirds from summit, rigid, with an almost excurrent nerve. Caps, sessile, small, rounded, brownish. Monoicous. Clay and chalky heaths. Rare. Autumn, winter. Cheshire, Sussex. Var. /3. brevifolium. L. shorter, linear-lanceolate, slightly serrulate. 55. PHYSCOMITRELLA, Schp. 299. P. patens, Hedw. St. £ inch. L. more or less spreading, sometimes recurved, lower obovate-lanceo- late, upper broadly obovate, spathulate, acuminate, serrulate near the apex, concave, nerve ceasing below apex. Caps, immersed, spherical, pointed, pale brown, subsessile. Male fl. naked, in axil of a per. leaf. Clay banks and fields. Autumn. Fam. 2. Funarise. 56. PHYSCOMITRIUM, Brid. 300. P. sphcericum, Schwg. St. scarcely -] inch. L. oval-oblong or slightly spathulate, acute, concave, entire or obsoletely serrate, upper ones largest, nerved nearly to apex. Caps, subglobose, mouth large, lid large, conical. Calyptra lobed below. Dried-up mud. September—November. Mere, Cheshire, 1834 (Wils.), J. Whitehead, October, 1870.ENTOSTHODON—FUNARIA. 145 301. P. pyriforme, Linn. St. about j inch, tufted. L. erecto-patent, lower distant, ovate-lanceolate, above spatbnlate, pointed, serrate, uppermost longer, erect, scarcely nerved to apex. Caps, globose-pyriform, erect, mouth small, lid conical. Calyptra subpersistent, toothed at base. Moist banks and ditches. April. 57. ENTOSTHODON, Schw. a. Perist. rudimentary. 302. P. ericetorum, De Not. St. I inch. L. lower, distant, small, upper in a tuft, larger, obovate-lanceo- late, acuminate, with a thickened, distantly serrate margin, not nerved to apex. Caps, small, subglobpse, erect, lid almost flat. Heaths, banks, stream sides, &c. March, April. b. Perist. regularly 16-dentate. 303. E. Templetoni, Schw. St. about \ inch. L. lower distant, ovate-acuminate, upper in a rosaceous tuft, obovate, acuminate, nerved nearly to apex, scarcely serrulate. Caps, clavate-pyriform, upright, truncate when dry, neck tapering, lid plano-convex. Crevices of rocks and shady places. July. England, Scotland, Ireland, Wales. 58. FUNARIA, Schreb. a. Perist. imperfect. 304. F. fascicularis, Dicks. St. about ^ inch, tufted. L. patent, ovate-oblong or spathulate lanceolate, pointed serrate, not bordered. Caps, obovate or pyriform, subcernuous, tapering at base, on an upright seta, lid convex. L146 SYNOPSIS OP BRITISH MOSSES. Fallow fields. April. b. Perist. perfect. 305. F. calcarea, Wahl. [F. Muhlenbergii, Schwg., et Hibernica, Hook., ed. 1, p. 126). Loosely casspitose. L. lower remote, oblong-lanceolate, deflexed, upper erecto-patent, obovate-oblong, more or less acuminate, apiculate or flexuoso-subulate at apex, below which the yellowish nerve vanishes, margin obtusely serrate or subentire. Caps, turgid, brownish, on an upright (when dry twisted) seta, lid convexo-conical. Walls, rocks, and stones. Not always confined to limestone. Spring, c. Perist. perfect. Caps, annulate, on a long, flexuose or arcuate seta. 306. F. hygrometrica, Linn. St. J—1 inch. L. lower scattered, upper ovate-lanceolate, concave, clus- tered into a bulb-like tuft, nerved to apex, margins reflexed. Caps, broadly pyriform, incurved, mouth ob- lique, with a corrugate border, deeply sulcate when dry, on a long, flexuose seta, lid convex, with a red border. Banks and walls, old cinder-heaps, &c. Common. May—September. Yar. /3. patula. St. slender, branched. L. undu- late, spreading, twisted when dry. Yar. 7. caivescens. Seta long and straight. Caps, slender, almost erect. 307. F. microstoma, B. and 8. Habit of last, but smaller. L. in a comal bud. Caps, pyriform, turgid, scarcely furrowed when dry, on a thicker, arcuate seta, mouth very small, with a smooth border. Inner perist. very imperfect. Damp stony places. August, September. Maresfield, Sussex (Mitten, 1864).AMBLYODON—MEESIA—PALUDELLA— CATOSC0 PIUM. 147 Tribe xvii. Bart rami ace a?. Fam. 1. Amblyodonteae. 59. AMBLYODON, P. Beauv. 308. A. dealbatus, Diclis. St. |—1 inch. L. ovate- oblong and lingulate, lanceolate, acute, margins plane, slightly serrulate at apex, below which the strong nerve ceases. Caps, clavate or pyriform, incurved, inclined, mouth oblique, lid conicaJ, seta very long. Wet mountainous places. June, July. England, Scotland, Ireland. Fam. 2. Meesiae. 60. MEESIA, Hedw. 309. M. uliginosa, Hedw. St. £—1 inch, radiculose. Branches fastigiate. L. lanceolate or linear obtuse (upper longer), entire, margin recurved, scarcely nerved to apex. Caps, pyriform, with a long, tapering neck, incurved, inclined, lid conical, truncate, seta very long. Wet and boggy places. July, August. 61. PALUDELLA, Ehr. 310. P. squarrosa, Linn. St. 2—6 inches, radiculose. L. obovate-lanceolate, pointed, recurved above the middle, squarrose, nerved to and serrulate at apex, margins recurved below. Caps, elliptic-oblong, gibbous, with a short, thick neck, inclined, lid mammillate. Boggy places. No fruit found in Britain. Summer. Knutsford, Cheshire (Wilson, April, 1832) ; Terring- ton Carr, Yorkshire (Ibbotson, 1842). Both places now drained, and the moss probably extinct. 62. CATOSCOPIUM, Bo-id. 311. C. nigritum, Hedw. St. 1 inch or more, densely radiculose. L. erecto-patent, lanceolate, acute, margin l 2148 SYNOPSIS OF BRITISH MOSSES. reflexed, entire, nerved nearly to apex, upper ones largest. Caps, small, globose, dark-coloured or black, cernuous, on a longisb red seta, lid small, conical. Moist alpine rocks, &c. Spring. Fam. 3. Bartramiae. 63. BARTRAMIA, Hedw. a. Caps, erect. Perist. single. 312. B. stricta, Brid. St. loosely tufted, glaucous, green. L. erecto-patent, rigid when dry, lanceolate- subulate, minutely serrate, nerve excurrent into a serrate arista. Caps, ovate-globose, furrowed when dry, seta four-sided at summit, twisted to right when dry, lid convex or mammillate. [Bry. Eur., iv. t. 316. Schp. Syn., 509.] On the ground and stones. Early summer. Maresfield, Sussex (Geo. Davies), 1862. b. Caps, cernuous, lid oblique. Perist. double. 313. B. ithyphylla, llrid. St. |—2 inches. L. from an erect broad base, sharply bent back, and lanceolate- subulate, rigid, serrulate, not crisped when dry, broadly nerved to apex, nerve occupying all the subula. Caps, globose, almost erect or cernuous, deeply sulcate when dry. Synoicous. Alpine and subalpine rocks. June. 314. B. pomiformis, Linn. St. £—2 inches. L. spreading, linear-lanceolate, not concave, doubly spinu- loso-serrate, rough, margin revolute below, crisp when dry, nerve excurrent into a spinulose arista. Caps, spherical, cernuous, on a flexuose seta, lid small, conical. Monoicous. Dry >andy banks. May. Yar./3. cbispa. “L. longer,'ess crowded. Branches often longer than fruit-stalk.’'’CONOSTOMUM—BARTRAM1DULA— PHILONOTIS. 149 315. B. Halleriana, Hedw. St. 1—3 inches, radieu- lose below. L. spreading or secund, linear-subulate from a broad, pale, erect, sheathing base, rough, serrate, nerve excurrent. Caps, subglobose, on a short, curved seta. Monoioous. Moist alpine and subalpine rocks. June, July. 316. B. Oederi, Gunn. St. 1—3 inches. L. linear- lanceolate, recurved from an erect, not sheathing base, crisped when dry, margins recurved, serrate above, keeled, smooth, nerve serrate at back, scarcely excur- rent. Caps, small, globose, oblique, lid convex. Moist shady rocks. May. 64. CONOSTOMUM, Swartz. 317. C. boreale, Swartz. St. \—2 inches, tufted, radiculose. L. imbricate, lanceolate, acuminate, keeled, serrate, nerve excurrent into a mucro. Caps, globose or obovate, gibbous, cernuous, deeply sulcate when dry, lid large, beaked. Summits of Scotch mountains. August, September. 65. BARTRAMIDULA, B. and S. 318. B. Wilsoni, B. and S. St. about 5 inch, branched- L. ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, somewhat secund, nerved nearly to or beyond apex, serrulate above. Caps, globoso-pyriform, generally pendulous, not striate, lid convex or conical. Turfy soil on mountains. October. Scotland, Wales, Ireland. 66. PHILONOTIS, Brid. a. Branches fasciculate. Monoicous. Male flower gemmiform. 319. P. rigida, Brid. St. J—| inch. Branches150 SYNOPSIS OF BRITISH MOSSES. erect or recurved. L. erecto-patent, straight, rigid, lanceolate, finely serrulate, nerve excurrent, shortly aristate. Caps, large, subspherical, furrowed when dry, and cernuous, lid conical, pointed, seta erect. Inner perist. sometimes imperfect. Shady banks, mountains. September, October. 320. P. adpressa, Fergusson. “Plant widely csespi- tose, erect, 2—3 inches, either dull glaucous green or reddish. L. papillose, erect when moist, with one wide plica on each side of nerve, incurved towards apex, slightly twisted when dry, widely ovate from an amplexicaul base, not acuminate, apex either obtuse or cucullate, with a very slight mucro, or in the more slender forms rather acute, margin denticulate, slightly reflexed, nerve very thick, continuous. Areolae small, ovoid above, shorter and wider towards the base.” [G. E. Hunt. Mem. Lit. and Sci. Soc., Manchester, yol. v. 102, 1872.] Glen Prossen, &c., Clova (Fergusson); Glas Mheal, Perthshire, 2500 feet (Hunt). 321. P. fontana, Bricl. St. 1—6 inches, with reddish- black radicles. L. ovate-acuminate, short and appressed or lanceolate secund, or spreading and longer (gene- rally plicate at base), nerve almost excurrent; per. 1. obtuse, nerveless. Caps, subglobose, large, furrowed when dry. Springs and wet places. June. [Var. /3. AiPiNA. St. short. L. ovate-lanceolate, mucronate. Alps.] Yar. 7. falcata. L. falcato-secund, nerve thick. Var. B. rasPiTOSA, Wils. Densely cmspitose, shorter. L. shorter lanceolate, subimbricate, or longer, lanceolate, more or less secund, not plicate, apical branches short.BEEUTELIA. 151 Walton Swamp, near Warrington (Wilson); Scot- land, &c. Yar. e. compacta {forma, Ferg.). Very compact, densely tomentose. St. filiform. L. uniform, imbri- cate when dry, shortly lanceolate, from an ovate, concave base, nerve excurrent or vanishing in apex, margin obsoletely serrulate, slightly papillose. Scotland. 322. P. seriata, Mitt., Muse. Ind. Orient. “L. spirally arranged, from a suberect base, patent towards apex, ovate-acute, plicate, margin distinctly reflexed, areolae linear above, small and ovoid towards base; per. 1. from an erect, dilated base, widely spreading, cordate- triangular, obtuse, areolae small, obscure, elongate- quadrangular, above large, linear, and reddish at base, nerve thick, indistinct, continuous or vanishing below apex, margin slightly denticulate.” [Hunt, loc. cit., p. 103.J Springs at head of Clova; Ben-na-Bourd (Gardiner). 323. P. calearea, B. and S. St. about 2 inches. L. ovate-lanceolate, tapering gradually from middle up- wards, concave, rigid, secund, margin serrulate, not reflexed, strongly nerved to apex, areolae large, oblong, long hexagonal at base; per. 1. acute, triangular, from a broad, erect base, nerved to apex. Caps, subglobose, inclined or cernuous. Wet places. July. 67. BREUTELIA, Schp. 324. B. arcuata, Dicks. St. 1—6 inches, with red- dish-brown radicles. L. ovate-lanceolate, from a broad, erect, sheathing base, scabrous, serrulate, striate, squarrose. Caps, subglobose, almost pendulous, on an arcuate seta, furrowed when dry.152 SYNOPSIS OF BRITISH MOSSES. Waterfalls and wet rocks. September, October. Tribe xviii. Bryaceje. 68. MIELICHHOFERIA, N. and E. 325. M. nitida, Funk. “ L. erecto-patent, larger and more crowded above, ovatedanceolate, serrated at apex. Caps, suberect, pyriform, lid conical, very short.” Var. /?. gracilis. More densely tufted. L. shorter, more crowded, imbricate. Caps, erect. [Wils. Bry. Brit., p. 263.] Type not British ; var. /3. only found at head of Glen Callater, 1830 (Dr. Greville); again in same locality, 1868 (Fergusson and Roy) ; Ingleby, Yorkshire, 1862 (Mudd). 69. ORTHODONTITJM, Schw. 326. 0. gracile, Wils. St. \ inch, slender, tufted. L. long, linear, setaceous, carinate, flexuose, entire, faintly nerved nearly to apex. Caps, obovate-clavate, gradually tapering at base into the seta, inclined, lid long, beaked. Calyptra very small. Sandstone rocks. March. Yorkshire and Cheshire. Not found elsewhere in Europe. 70. LEPTOBRYUM, Schp. 327. L. pyriforme, Linn. St. scarcely \ inch. L. lower lanceolate, entire, upper linear-setaceous, flexuose, serrate at summit, nerve sometimes reaching apex. Caps, pyriform, pendulous, on a slender, flexuose seta, lid convex, mammillate. Rocks. Frequent. May, June.WEBERA. 153 71. WEBEKA, Eedw. Sub-genus 1. Pohlia. Comal much longer than stem leaves. Caps, long- necked, narrowly pyriform, suberect or cernuous, internal peristome with the cilia very short or absent. a- Monoicous. Male flower gemmiform, terminal. 328. W. acuminata, Hoppe. St. |—1 inch, simple or branched. L. rigid, lower ovate-lanceolate, upper linear-lanceolate, larger, margins recurved below, nerved to serrulate apex, sometimes secund. Caps, almost horizontal, narrowly clavate, arcuate, tapering at base, lid sharply conical. (There are many varieties-) Crevices of rocks and mountainous districts. August. b. Antheridia hypogynous, axillary. 329. W. polymorpha, II. and H. St. j — inch, seldom branched. L. lower ovate-lanceolate, small, scattered, upper oblong, lanceolate, longer, crowded, apex in all serrate. Caps, oblong, pyriform, horizontal or drooping, with a short neck, slightly constricted at mouth when dry, lid mammillate. Perist. cilia almost absent. Scotch and Welsh mountains, &c. Summer. 330. W. elongata, Hicks. St. ]—1 inch, one inno- vation from floral apex. L. lower ovate-lanceolate, scattered, upper longer, linear-lanceolate, all serrate at apex, margin recurved to middle, apical cells linear, subvermiform, basal hexagono-rectangular, nerve ex- current into a subula. Caps, very long and slender, clavate or elliptic, with a long, distinct neck, inclined, upright when dry, lid convex, obliquely beaked. Inner perist. with cilia, sometimes rudimentary.154 SYNOPSIS OF BRITISH MOSSES. < Rocks and walls in mountainous districts. August. Sub-genus 2. Weber a. L. broader, texture lax, comal 1. less elongate. Caps, short-necked, inclined and pendulous. Internal peri- stome a broad membrane, with cilia. a. Monoicous. Antheridia in axil of comal leaves. 331. W. nutans, Sclireb. St. \—2 inches, with inno- vations. L. spreading, with margins reflexed below, lower ovate-lanceolate, entire, upper linear-lanceolate, serrulate at apex, nerve thick, reddish, shining. Caps, oblong obovate, large-mouthed, with a short neck, lid small, mammillate. Perist. teeth red, pale at apex, int. pale yellow, cilia as long as outer. Sandy heaths, &c. Spring. b. Monoicous or dioicous. 332. W. cruda, Sclireb. St. 1—2 inches, caespitose, radiculose below. L. lower ovate-lanceolate, with plane margins and reddish nerve, upper gradually passing upwards into linear-lanceolate, with serrate apex. Caps, oval-pyriform, from suberect to horizontal or even pendulous, lid convex, apiculate. Perist. teeth pale, shining, cilia bi-ternate, perfect. The leaves are generally shining and transparent. Antheridia in monoicous plants intermixed with archegonia, in dicicous, subdiscoid axillary. Mountainous banks and rocks. July. c. Dioicous. 333. W. annotina, Hed. St. \—1 inch, caespitose. L. lower lanceolate, erecto-patent, entire, upper longer, serrulate at apex, margins reflexed below, nerve excur- rent. Caps, narrow, pyriform, with a long, taperingWEBERA. 155 neck, inclined on a long, red seta, lid conical, pointed. Barren fl. terminal. Inner perist. with cilia. Annulus distinct, compound. Sandy banks and quarries. May, June. 334 W. Ludwigii, Spreng. St. about 1 inch, decum- bent and blackish below; st. 1. remote, lower ovate, ruuticous, passing upwards into ovate-lanceolate and lanceolate, serrulate at apex, margins reflexed below, nerve purple, vanishing below ajjex, cells lax, rhom- boid. Caps, obovate-pyriform, subpendulous on a reddish, slender seta, 1 inch long, lid mammillate. Perist. teeth large, yellow, internal membrane pale, with bi-ternate cilia. Scotch and Welsh mountains. September. Var. /3. elata, Schp. St. 2—3 inches. L. ovate- lanceolate, much acuminate, apex serrate, when dry contracted, subflexuose. [N.B.—This species seems to be identical with W Breidleri, Jur., of ed. 1, p. 187, and its var. is W. Schimperi, Wils., on same page.j 335. W. carnea, L. St. J inch, caespitose, reddish. L. lower ovate-lanceolate, upper narrower, all serrate at apex, and loosely reticulate, margin not reflexed, nerve reddish. Caps, ovate-oblong or shortly pyriform, on a thick, succulent, reddish seta, sharply curved at summit, lid large, convex, shortly pointed. Annulus none. Perist. large, dark-coloured when dry, internal membrane and cilia shining. Moist clay banks. April. 336. W. Tozeri, Grev. (Epipterygium, Lind.). St. I—i inch, gregarious. L. lower remote, obovate, narrow, reddish, upper crowded, longly acuminate, apiculate, all bordered, entire, nerved (reddish) half-156 SYNOPSIS OF BRITISH MOSSES. way, areola) lax, large. Caps, obovate or pyriform, pendulous, lid conical. Shady banks. Rare. March, April. Devonshire, Cornwall, Sussex, Ireland. 367. W. albicans, Wahl. (Wahlenbergii, Schw.). Tufts soft, glaucous, green. St. 5—1 inch, reddish, ciespitose. L. lower ovate-acuminate, upper elongate, lanceolate, all serrate at apex, margins scarcely reflexed, areolae loose. Caps, broadly pyriform, with a short neck, and wide-mouthed when dry, subpendulous. Annulus none or imperfect. Perist. teeth large, inner with cilia, lid small, conical. Wet banks and'rocks. May. 72. ZIERIA, Schp. 338. Z. julacea, Sch. (B. Zierii, Dicks.). Silvery- reddish tufts. St. ^—2 inches. Branches julaceous. L. roundish, ovate-acuminate, entire (comal oblong, lanceolate), margins not recurved, not nerved to apex, areolae lax, chlorophyllose at base only. Caps, large, clavate-pyriform, gibbous, with a long, slender, taper- ing neck, incurved, cernuous, lid small, conical, acute. Inner perist. longest, with imperfect cilia. Crevices of mountainous rocks. October, November. England, Scotland, Ireland. 339. Z. demissa, Hornsch. St. 5 inch, tufted; st. 1. ovate-lanceolate, nerve vanishing, those of the coma oblong, lanceolate, acuminate, margin recurved, nerve excurrent; per. 1. lanceolate, with longer points, areolas lax. Caps, clavate-pyriform, much incurved, cernuous, seta “ curved above like a swan’s neck.” Inner perist. longest. Rocks. Rare. August, September. Breadalbane Mountains.BRYOM. 157 73. BRYUM, Dill. Sub-genus 1. Gladodium. Internal peristome composed of cilia and processes adherent to the teeth or free. Cilia imperfect or perfect, without appendages. Synoicous or monoicous. 340. B. pendulum, Hornsrh. (cernuum, Hedw ). St. ■|—1^ inch, tufted, branched, very radiculose. L. ovate, acuminate, concave, rigid, nerve much excurrenr, sometimes serrulate at apex, margins recurved. Caps, oblong-oval or pyriform, mouth small, neck not taper- ing, pendulous, lid small, conical, apiculate. Inner perist. adherent to outer, cilia and processes long, only partly free. Annulus large. Synoicous. Walls and rocks. May, June. 341. B. rufum, Ferg. Tufts loose, dark brown. St. slender, short, with few radicles. L. enlarged toward top, forming a geuimiform tuft, brownish, twisted when dry, patent, then incurved from the middle, lower ovate-acute, margin scarcely recurved, nerved to or slightly beyond apex, upper ovate-lanceolate, cari- nato-concave, never red at base, margins entire, re- curved, with a narrow border, nerve excurrent, into a smooth, yellowish point, cells mostly without chloro- phyll, hexagonal above, rectangular at base. Caps, pendulous, at length looking upwards owing to curva- ture of summit of seta, obovate or oblong-pyriform, bladdery, not constricted below the very small mouth, which is not oblique, neck as long as capsule, lid conical, very small, obtusely apiculate. Annulus of 3 or 4 pale yellow colls. Perist. small, outer teeth lanceolate-subulate, pale yellow above, fuscous below,153 SYNOPSIS OF BRITISH MOSSES. inner about same length, adherent to outer. Cilia not seen. Seta 4—7 lines long, reddish-brown. Synoicous. Rev. W. Fergusson, in ‘'Naturalist,” N.S., v. p. 82, 1880. Loose earth and limestone rocks. July. Litton (Whitehead, 1879). 342. B. inclinatum, Swartz. St. short, tufted, branched. L. ovate-lanceolate, entire, acuminate, mar- gin slightly recurved, nerve reddish, much excurrent. Caps, almost elliptical or pyriform, inclined or pendu- lous, on a long seta, with a small mouth, lid conical, sharply pointed. Perist. inner generally without cilia, and free. Synoicous. Walls, banks, and decayed trees. May. 343. B. Warneum, Bland. St. about 5 inch, tufted, branched. L. ovate-acuminate or oblong-lanceolate, scarcely concave, serrate at apex, margins recurved below, plane above, nerve excurrent, frequently spinose. Caps, obovate, pyriform, pendulous, bordered at mouth when dry, lid small, convex, mammillate. Inner perist. membrane adherent, processes free, cilia few. Monoi- cous or synoicous. Muddy places. August, September. Scotland, Southport, &c. 344. B. lacustre, Brid. St. ? inch, caespitose. L. lower ovate-apiculate, upper ovate-lanceolate, all entire, very concave, margins recurved, nerve reddish, vanishing below the entire apex, or excurrent into a short apiculus; per. 1. narrower. Caps, roundish, pyriform, with a tapering neck, scarcely pendulous, lid small, pointed. Annulus present. Inner perist. par- tially adherent, cilia rudimentary. Synoicous. Moist sandy places. May, June. Yarmouth, Suffolk, &c.BRYUM. 159 345. B. Barnesi, Wood. St. short, branched. L. soft, patent, imbricate when dry, lower small, ovate, shortly acuminate, scarcely nerved to apex, upper ovate- lanceolate, much acuminate with the excurrent nerve, entire, margin plane or very slightly recurved ; upper 1. with gemmae in axils. Fruit not known. Levens, Westmoreland (Barnes). 346. B. Marrattii. St. about £ inch, gregarious. L. broadly elliptical, blunt-pointed, entire, very concave, nerve vanishing below apex, marginal cells narrow ; per. 1. narrower and longer. Caps, small, turbinate, almost globose, tapering at neck into the slender, flexuose seta, pendulous, lid small, conical, apiculate. Perist. outer red, inner imperfect, adhering in all its length to outer. Monoicous. September. Southport, 1854. Tent’s Muir, near Dundee. 347. B. calophyllum, It. Br. St. about £ inch, red- dish, gregarious; st. 1. broadly orbiculate-ovate, obtuse; comal 1. ovate or oval oblong, shortly and obtusely acuminate, subsucculent, margin plane or slightly recurved, concave, entire, nerved almost to apex. Caps, oval-oblong, neck not tapering, pendulous, lid small, conical, slightly pointed. Perist. outer teeth brownish, yellow at apex, inner free, mostly without cilia. Monoicous. September. Southport, with the last; Ashton-under-Lyne. 348. B. uliginosum, B. and S. St. ^—1 inch, casspi- tose, branched. L. deep green, lower ovate-acuminate, upper ovate-oblong and elongate lanceolate, margin reflexed below, excurrent nerve toothed. Caps, eloi - gate, pyriform, incurved, horizontal or inclined, tape; - ing into the long, curved seta, mouth oblique, lid small, convex, pointed, Monoicous.ICO SYNOPSIS OF BRITISH MOSSES. Wet places near streams. August. Sub-genus. Bryum. Caps, inclined or pendulous, ovate or oblong-pyri-. form, rarely somewhat incurved. Perist. internal entirely free, basal membrane broad, processes long, perfect, ciliolse of equal length. a. Synoicous. 349. B. intermedium, W. and M. St. about | inch, tufted, branched. L. imbricate, lower ovate-lanceolate, upper oblong and elongate lanceolate, acuminate, margins recurved, nerve reddish, escurrent into a long, remotely toothed arista. Caps, pyriform, narrow, slightly incurved, subpendulous, tapering into a longish neck, lid conical, pointed. Inner perist. with cilia. Walls and rocks. Frequent. June—December. 350. B. bimum, Schreb. St. \—1 inch, tufted, some- times branched, with purplish radicles. L. ovate- lanceolate, decurrent, semi-amplexicaul, shortly apicu- late, occasionally serrate at apex, margins recurved, nerve brownish, shortly excurrent. Caps, oblong- pyriform, tapering at neck, pendulous, constricted at mouth when dry, lid large, convex, mammillate. Int. perist. with the basal membrane very broad. Wet and boggy places. June, July. Var. /3. cusriDATUM. L. with long, bushy points, margined. Walls, &c. 351. B. torquescens, B. and S. St. j—1 inch, tufted, radiculose. L. lower ovate-lanceolate, upper oblong "lanceolate, all shortly pointed, entire, margin recurved, slightly twisted when dry, nerve red, excurrent, into a smooth point. Caps, large, obconical or clavate, sub-BEYUM. 161 pendulous, neck tapering, lid conico-convex, acutely rostellate. Rocks and walls. Rare. June, July. Oxford (H. B.). 352. B. provinciate, Phil. (E. Billarderii, Scliw.). St. —1 inch, branched, radiculose. L. crowded in tufts at top of branches and stems, ovate-lanceolate, and obovate at summit of stem, serrate and plane at apex, apiculate, margins recurved below, nerve reddish, shortly excurrent. Caps, pyriform, broadest below the middle, tapering at neck, pendulous,lid conical, pointed. Hurstpierpoint, on old ant-hills. Barren. Summer. h. Monoicous. 353. B. pallescens, Schleich. St. 1—2 in., branched, ceespitose, with purplish radicles below. L. lower remote, ovate, nerve vanishing, upper oblong acuminate or ovate-lanceolate, nerve slightly excurrent, margin reflexed, generally serrate at apex. Caps, clavate pyriform, pendulous, tapering, contracted at mouth when dry, lid convex, pointed. Inner perist. with cilia. Rocks and walls. July, August. [Var. /3. boreale. Caps, smaller, suberect. Yar. y. contextum. St. long, much branched. Caps, ventricose, shorter, subpendulous. Var. 8. subrotundum. St. and 1. smaller. Caps, almost globose, seta curved.] 354. B. Sauteri, B. and S. St. ceespitose, much branched. L. erecto-patent, ovate acuminate or oblong- lanceolate, elongated, very concave, margins entire, plane, nerve thick, excurrent into a mucro, wings at base with hyaline cells; per. 1. narrower. Caps, cla- vate-pyriform, slightly iucurved, pendulous, solid, M162 SYNOPSIS OP BRITISH MOSSES. sanguineous, lid shortly conical. Peristome as in last. Teesdale (Spruce); Scotland (Mitten). July, c. Dioicous. 1. Male flower gemmiform. 355. B. erythrocarpum, Schw. (B. sanguineum, Lud- wig, ed. 1). St. } inch. L. distant, erecto-patent, ovate-lanceolate, elongate-lanceolate, pointed, generally serrulate at apex, margins scarcely recurved, nerve shortly excurrent into a mucro. Caps, oblong or obconico-pyriform, pendulous, blood-red when ripe, lid conico-convex, apiculate. Heathy ground and walls. June, July. Yar. /3. badicdlosum. Caps, obconical, seta genicu- late at base. 356. B. murale, Wils. St. \ inch, tufted, branched. L. of the coma erect, oblong lanceolate, margins re- flexed, lower ovate-lanceolate, concave, shortly pointed, margins plane, loosely imbricate. Caps, oblong-pyri- form, pendulous, deep purple or almost black when ripe, neck tapering, lid large, mammillate. Mortar of old walls. May, June. Marple, Killarney, North Wales, Oxford, 1863 (H. Boswell), &c. 357. B. atro-purpureum, W. and M. (B. erythrocarpon, Brid., not Schw., ed. 1). St. 5—i inch, branched. L. erecto-patent, ovate acuminate, concave, margin re- flexed below, entire, lower often reddish, remote, lanceolate. Caps, oval or oblong, neck not tapering, arcuate, pendulous, dark red or purplish when ripe, with a large mouth, lid convexo-conical, pointed, purplish.BKYUH. 163 Banks and walls. May, June. Var. f3. gracilentdm, Tayl. 358. B. alpinum, L. St. \—2 inches, caespitose, simple, radiculose at base. L. erecto-patent, imbricate, lanceolate, margins recarved, serrulate at apex, nerve purple, excurrent into a short mucro. Caps, oblong- pyriform, pendulous, deep red, on a bent and arcuate seta, lid mammillate. Whole plant reddish-purple and shining. Subalpine moist rocks. Fruit rare. June. Var. /3. meridionale. L. very rigid, narrower, tex- ture dense, upper cells linear-hexagonal, lower longer, hexagono-rectangular. 359. B. gemmiparum, De Not. Densely tufted, brownish-green, innovations variegated green. St. I—1 inch. L. imbricate when dry, lower ovate acumi- nate, upper ovate-elliptic and elliptic oblong, apical short, narrow, all very concave, margin reflexed below, nerve yellowish, ending in apex, cells rhomboid-hexa- gonal, lax and quadrate at angles, longer and narrower at margin. Caps, ovate or oblong pyriform, inclined or pendulous, lid very convex, shortly apiculate. Perist. teeth yellow, processes pale, cilia slender. Limestone, river banks, and damp places. April, May. Biver Usk, Breconshire (Rev. Aug. Ley, 1883). Hitherto found only in the extreme south of Europe. [“Naturalist,” N.S., viii. 185, 1883, H. Boswell.J 360. B. eeespiticium, L. St. 5—1 inch, tufted, branched, radiculose. L. ovate-lanceolate, pointed, generally serrulate at apex, margin recurved but not thickened, erect when dry, upper ones largest, nerve much excurrent. Capis. oblong and elongate-pyriform, m 2164 SYNOPSIS OP BRITISH MOSSES. pendulous or inclined, brown, slightly constricted when dry, lid large, mammillate, yellow. Walls, rocks, roofs, &c. May, June. 361. B. argenteum, L. St. J^ inch, tufted, in silvery-white patches. L. lower ovate, upper ovate- lanceolate, all entire except at apex, nerve not reaching pointed tapering apex, margins not recurved, areolae very lax. Caps, oval-oblong, reddish-purple, pendulous, neck not tapering, lid faintly pointed. Roofs, walls, ground, &c. Winter, spring. Yar. /3. hajus. St. longer. L. greenish, without points. Yar. 7. lanatum. Smaller. L. with long points, without chlorophyll, silvery-white. Largo, Scotland (C. Howie). 362. B. capillare, Linn. St. i—1 inch, tufted. L. lower ovate-oblong, upper obovate-oblong, all with longish, slender points, concave, much contorted when dry, margin bordered with smaller cellules, reflexed, sometimes serrulate at apex, nerve reddish, vanishing or excurrent. Caps, subclavate or obovate, tapering, pendulous, or inclined on a long seta, only slightly constricted at mouth when dry, lid large, mammillate, red. Walls, rocks, trees, &c. Frequent. June. Yar. /3. majus. St. longer. L. broader, and with a wider margin. Caps, larger and thicker. (Wilson says this is the most frequent English form.) On walls. Var. 7. minus. L. concave, imbricate. Caps, smaller. Var. 3. flaccidum. L. lower purplish, flaccid, not contorted when dry, distinctly serrate at apex. 3uo. B. obconicum, Hornsch. St. short, tufted,BEYUM. 165 branched. L. oblong-ovate, elongate, much acuminate, very concave, entire, margin with a narrow border, recurved below, scarcely twisted when dry. Caps, obconical, pendulous, neck long, tapering, lid convex, apiculate. Walls. June, July. Barnard Castle, 1843 (Spruce), &c. 364. B. Lonianum, Grey. St. short, branched. L. uppermost ovate-oblong, the rest elongate, acuminate, slightly pointed, not contorted, but slightly twisted when dry, margin thickened, serrulate at apex, nerve reddish below, brown above and excurrent. Caps, long, clavate, constricted at mouth when dry, sub- pendulous, lid mammillate. Sandy banks and rocks. Bare. Summer. Warrington (Wilson), Hurstpierpoint (Mitten), Wiu- chelsea (Jenner), Penzance (Curnow), Scotland. 365. B. pallens, Swartz. St. |—1 inch, branched. L. reddish, lower remote, patulous and recurved, ovate- lanceolate, slightly decurrent, upper oblong and elon- gate-acuminate, margins thickened, recurved below, plane and entire above, nerve excurrent. Caps, oblong, pyriform, with a long, tapering neck, pendulous or horizontal, mouth small, but not contracted, lid small, convex, oblique, mammillate. Near springs and ditches. June. 366. B. barbatum, Wils. MS. (Stirtoni, Schp.). St about 1 inch, branched, slender, red, and copiously beset with reddish-brown radicles from base to summit. L. suberect, ovate, rather suddenly tapering into a longish, sparsely toothed subula, uppermost broader, more shortly pointed, spreading, all concave, strongly nerved, margins plane, not recurved, areohe very lax166 SYNOPSIS OF BRITISH MOSSES. and transparent. The only specimen I have bears no fruit. Ben Ledi (Dr. Stirton). 367. B. origanum, Boswell. St. elongate, 1 inch or more, copiously radiculose and forming dense, soft tufts. L. ovate and ovate-lanceolate, shortly pointed, scarcely acuminate, concave, nerved almost to apes, cells leptodermous, oblong and nearly rectangular, margins plane, slightly recurved when dry, formed of a single row of narrower cells. Tufts dense, foliage full green, young leaves rosy-pink at summit, old and lower brown. H. Boswell, in “ Naturalist/5 N.S., v. 33, 1879. Shady old wall, Teesdale, June, 1879 (J. S. Wesley). 2. Male flower discoid. 368. B. Duvalii, Voigt. St. tufted, decumbent when old, elongate, branched. L. patulous, remote, broadly ovate-lanceolate, decurrent, cirrhate when dry, scarcely nerved to apex; per. 1. inner lanceolate, erect. Caps, obovate-oblong, regular, pendulous from a long, slender seta, contracted at mouth when dry, lid mammillate. [Bry. Eur., iv. t. 371. Sch. Syn., 458.] Boggy places. August, September. Glen Lyon, Ben Lawers, Hartfell, Helvellyn. 369. B. pseudo-triquetrum, Eedw. St. 1—3 inches, branched, erect, radiculose to summit. L. lower ovate- lanceolate, upper narrower and longer, concave, all bordered, margins recurved, occasionally serrulate at apex, and slightly decurrent, nerve sometimes excur- rent. Caps, subcylindrical or elongate obconical, pendulous, lid small, mammillate. Wet mountainous places and boggy ground. July.BRYUM. 167 Var. S. compactum. Tufts compact. Br. 1. broader, flaccid. Caps, shorter, obovate. 370. B. neodamense, Itzig., Regensb. FL, 1841, i. p. 360. St. slender, csespitose and tomentose, elongate, reddish and almost naked below, leafy above. L. lower roundish, oblong, obtuse, apex and margins involute, upper crowded, shortly oblong, inflated at base, margins revolute below, all cucullate. Caps, oblong-pyriform, pendulous, on a long seta, lid shortly apiculate. Summer. Southport Sands, where liable to inundation. 371. B. turbinatum, Hedw. St. Jr—3 inches, some- times branched. L. lower ovate-lanceolate, upper longer and narrower, concave, margins narrowly bor- dered, recurved, nerve rufous, excurrent in a mucro. Caps, globoso-pyriform, pendulous, when dry contracted at mouth, reddish-brown, lid convex, shortly apiculate. June, July. Ashton-under-Lyne, Fakenham, Norfolk, Oxford, &c. 372. [B. Schleicheri, Schwg. Plants with fastigiate, tumid branches, straw-green. L. lower small, remote, ovate, shortly acuminate, mucronate, concave, upper ovate-oblong, acuminate, reddish nerve excurrent into a mucro, or shortly cuspidate, apex denticulate, margin narrowly bordered, plane or slightly recurved. Caps, obconico-pyriform, constricted below mouth when dry, on a long seta.] Var. 7. LATiFOLiuM. Broadly caespitose, tumid, green. L. broadly ovate, rotundate-obtuse, or oblong-ovate, subacuminate, nerve excurrent, shortly mucronate, apex cucullate, margin erect, narrow bordered. Variety only found in Britain in boggy places. Ben More ; Shetland (McKinlay). August,168 SYNOPSIS OP BRITISH MOSSES. Sub-genus 3. Rhodobryum. St. 1. remote, subsquamiform ; comal 1. in a rosulate, spreading tuft, acuminate, spathulate, serrate. Dioi- cous. Male flower discoid. 373. B. roseum, Schreb. St. 1—3 inches. L. lower small, scattered, lanceolate, upper in a large rosaceous tuft, spathulate, apiculate, serrate above, margin re- curved, nerved nearly to apex. Caps, clavate-oblong or obovate, pendulous, lid mammillate. Sandy shady banks. September, December. Sub-genus 4. Anomobryum. Plants filiform. L. densely imbricate, julaceous, solid, shining, cells at base, hexagono-rhomboid and rectangular at apex, linear-vermiform. 374. B. filiforme, Dicks. (B. julaceum, Sm., ed. 1). St. 1—3 inches, tufted, with long, filiform branches. L. ovate or ovate-elliptical, obtuse, larger above, very concave, entire or minutely serrulate at apex, margin not recurved, not nerved to apex. Caps, oblong-obovate or pyriform, pendulous, lid small, convex, pointed. Alpine and subalpine wet rocks. August, September. 375. B. concinnatum, Spruce. More attenuated than last, more regularly ceespitose, silky green. L. dense, imbricate, smaller, ovate or elliptic, more or less longly acuminate, muticous or shortly and acutely apiculate, entire or obsoletely denticulate at apex, nerved nearly or quite to apex, cells lax, narrowly hexagono-rbom- boid, subflexuose, broader at base. Readily distin- guished from filiforme by its narrower, less concave, acute leaves of laxer texture. Near Kenmare (Dr. Taylor), Teesdale (Spruce), Ochills (Lyle).TETRAPHIS—TETRODONTIUM. 169 4. Position uncertain. 376. B. catenulatum, Schp. Tufts taller, soft, slightly radiculose, incoherent. L. patent, curved, incurved imbricate when dry, giving the appearance of a thin chain (catenulata), ovate-lanceolate, decurrent, shortly acuminate, apex obsoletely serrate, somewhat concave, margin plane, scarcely bordered, nerve when young greenish-yellow, brown when old, vanishing below apex, cells subrhomboid, hexagonal, somewhat lax, chloro- phyllose when young, empty when old. Fr, unknown. Ben Lomond (Stirton). Tribe xviii. Georgiaceji. 74. TETRAPHIS, Eedw. 377. T. pellucida, Linn. (Georgia pellucida, Br. M. FI.). St. 4—1 inch. L. lower ovate-acuminate, nerved, reddish, upper larger, ovate-lanceolate, entire, nerve ceasing below apex, margins plane. St. bearing gemmiferous cups, 1. of which are obcordate. Caps, elliptical, with a red border at mouth, on a long, reddish seta. Spring. Decaying stumps and roots of trees. Common. Not often found in fruit. 75. TETRODONTIUM, Sehw. 378. T. Brownii, Dicks. (Georgia Brownii, Br. M. FI.). St. almost none, with long linear, radical leaves or ramuli; per. 1. ovate-acuminate, entire, shortly and faintly nerved. Caps, oval-oblong, lid with an acute, oblong beak. Sandstone rocks. Spring.170 SYNOPSIS OP BBITISH MOSSES. Tribe xx. Mniacea Fam. 1. Mnise. 76. ffiNIUM, Dill. Section 1. Branches stoloniferous, creeping or ascend- ing from a subterraneous base, a. Margin thickened, simply serrate. 379. M. cuspidatum, Eedw. St. h—1 inch, tufted, erect, radiculose, barren shoots procumbent. L. lower ovate or obovate, scattered, upper ovate-lanceolate, longer and narrower, all acuminate, with simply serrate margins, nerved nearly or quite to apex. Caps, ovate, inclined or pendulous, lid convex, obtuse. Synoicous. Shady rocks and walls. March, April. 380. M. affine, Bland. St. 1—3 inches, simple, erect, radiculose, barren shoots procumbent. L. lower oval- lanceolate, decurrent, scattered, upper much larger, crowded, oblong-elliptic, pointed, border narrow, sim- ply spinuloso-serrate, nerved nearly or quite to apex, those of barren stems roundish, two-ranked. Caps, ovate-oblong, pendulous, lid convex, pointed. Dioicous. Shady woods, banks, walls. April, May. Var. /3. elatum. Stem and seta longer. Marshy places. Yar. y. edgicdm. Sterile shoots, erect, shorter. L. shorter, concave, obtusely serrate. 381. M. undulatum, Hedw. St. 1—3 inches, decum- bent at base, sometimes branched, stolons with large leaves, and pendulous at apex. L. oval-oblong or ligulate, upper very long, all undulate, decurrent, and simply serrate, nerved generally to apex. Caps, gene- rally several together, oval or oblong, pendulous, lid convex, pointed. Dioicous.MNIUM. 171 Moist shady banks and woods. April, May. 382. M. rostratum, Schrad. St. i—1 inch, decum- bent at base (barren, long, erect or creeping). L. lower ovate, upper oval-oblong, obtuse, in a terminal, spreading tuft, all simply and bluntly serrate, undulate, nerve slightly excurrent into a mucro. Caps, oval, inclined or pendulous, lid with a long, curved beak. Synoicous. Moist shady rocks, &c. Common. April. Section 2. Basilar branches erect, a. Leaves with a thickened border, doubly dentate. * Lid mammillate. 383. M. hornum, L. St. 1—3 inches, simple. L. linear-lanceolate, acuminate, rigid, very slightly decur- rent, doubly spinuloso-serrate, nerve also spinulose, not reaching apex. Caps, large, oblong-ovate, cernuous, lid convex, mammillate, seta curved at summit. Dioicous. Shady moist banks and woods. Common. May. ** Lid conical, rostrate. 384. M. serratum, Schrad. St. \—1 inch, purplish, erect. L. lower reddish on nerve and border, all vary- ing from obovate-lanceolate to spathulato-lanceolate, acuminate, much decurrent, doubly spinuloso-serrate, nerve vanishing in apex; per. 1. lanceolate. Caps, ovate or oval, cernuous, lid large, conical, with a short beak. Synoicous. Moist shady rocks and banks. May, June. 385. M. orthorhynchum, Brid. St. j—1 inch, simple. L. lower scattered, ovate-acuminate, decurrent, upper ovate-lanceolate, doubly spinuloso-serrate, nerve spinu- lose on back, all undulate and crisped when dry.172 SYNOPSIS OP BRITISH MOSSES. Caps, oval or subpyriform, horizontal, lid conical, with a blunt beak. Dioicous. Woods, shady banks, &c. Summer. Yorkshire, Sussex, &c. 886. M. riparium, Mitt. MS. St. \—1 inch, reddish below. L. orbiculate or broadly elliptical, much de- current, apex rounded and tipped with a mucro, lower obscurely bordered, upper strongly so, doubly spin uloso- dentate, nerve thin but distinct, reddish, reaching apex, where it is spinulose at back, areolse large, hexa- gonal, chlorophyllose. Caps., &c., as in serratum. Watery places. June. Sussex (Mitten). 387. M. spinosum, Voigt. St. robust, subligneous. Branches flagelliform, subarcuate. L. lower small, squamiform, obtuse, margins plane, upper obovate or oblong, acuminato-spathulate, larger, crisped when dry, serration bigeminate, nerve reddish, excurrent. Caps, oval-oblong, reddish-brown, slightly inclined or hori- zontal, lid conical, with an obtuse beak. Dioicous. Summer. Boots of trees, and shady subalpine rocks. Rare. Ben Lawers (McKinlay). b. Leaves scarcely bordered, serrate or entire. * Lid convexo-conical, with or without apieulits. 388. M. stellare, Hedw. St. ^—2 inches, erect. L. oval-acuminate or ovate-lanceolate, simply serrate, decurrent, scarcely nerved to apex. Caps, solitary, ovate, horizontal or cernuous, lid convex, scarcely apiculate. Dioicous. (Does not fruit with us.) Shady rocks and banks. May, June. Yorkshire, Surrey, &c.C1NCUDIUM. 173 389. M. cinclidioides, Blytt. St. 2—4 inches, some- times with slender branches. L. lower oval, obtuse, scarcely pointed, upper large, oval, ligulate, obtuse (marginal cells narrower), almost entire, slightly undu- late, nerved nearly to apes. Caps, oval, pendulous, lid convex, apiculate. Dioicous. Wet and boggy places on mountains. Summer. Clova, &c. c. Leaves with a border, margin entire. Lid rostrate. 390. M. punctatum, lied. St. —3 inches, erect, radiculose. L. obovate or roundish, obtuse, obscurely pointed, upper in a somewhat rosaceous tuft, thickened margin generally reddish, generally nerved to apex. Caps, oval, pendulous, lid conical, with a longish beak. Dioicous. Wet shady places. February, March. 391. M. subglobosum, B. and S. St. 1 inch or more, erect. L. obovate or roundish, obtuse, not nerved to apex, border narrow, subcartilaginous, not coloured. Caps, roundish, contracted at mouth, subpendulous, lid small, conical, beaked. Synoicous. Marshes and bogs. March. 77. CINCLIDIUM, Swartz. 392. C. stygium, Sw. St. 1—4 inches, tufted, erect, with purplish radicles. L. roundish, obovate, obtuse, pointed, rigid, very narrow at base, border cartilagi- nous, nerved to or beyond apex, nerve and border generally reddish. Caps, obovate or pyriform, pendu- lous, on a long seta, lid convex, obtuse, sometimes pointed. Synoicous.174 SYNOPSIS OP BRITISH MOSSES. Bogs. June, July. Malham Tarn (Nowell, Wilson), Suffolk (Bev. W. Bloomfield), High Force, Teesdale (W. West). Fam. 2. Aulacomniae. 78. ATJLACOMNION, Schwg. 893. A. androgynum, Linn. St. less than 1 inch, nearly simple. L. lower lanceolate, upper longer, all denticulate at apex, not flexuose nor crisped when dry, papillose, margin recurved. Caps, almost cylindrical, gibbous, inclined, furrowed, lid short, conical, pseudo- podia numerous, barren fl. gemmiform. Dry shady woods and banks. May, June. 394. A. palustre, Linn. St. 2—i inches, brauched, beset with reddish radicles. L. oblong-lanceolate, denticulate at apex, flexuose, undulate, margin reflexed, crisped when dry, papillose on both sides, pseudopodia less numerous. Caps, ovate-oblong, gibbous, cernuous, curved, lid conical, with a blunt beak, barren fl. discoid. Dioicous. Turfy bogs and marshes. May, June. 395. A. turgidum, Wahl. St. about 1 inch, scarcely radiculose. L. turgid, imbricate, ovate-oblong, elon- gate, obtuse, concave, margin entire, reflexed, less papillose, nerve vanishing in apex. Caps, ovate-oblong, turgid, lid convexo-conical, shortly apiculate, barren fl. discoid, pseudopodia absent. Summer. Whernside, Yorkshire (West and Lees); Perth. Fam. 3. Timmise. 79. TIMMIA, Eedw. 396. T. austriaca, Eedw. St. 2 —3 inches. L. linear- lanceolate from a reddish-brown, sheathing, dilatedBUXBAUHIA. 175 base, margins strongly serrate. Caps, ovate, pyriform, inclined, striate when dry, on a seta 2 inches long, lid rounded, mammillate. Perist. teeth inner smooth, entire. Rocks. Very rare. Summer. Forfarshire. 397. T. norvegica, Zett. St. radiculose. L. soft, slightly sheathing, lower elongate-elliptical, acute, acuminate, upper longer, narrowly linear, very concave, more or less denticulate, particularly near apex, nerve broad, upper cells papillose in front, lower behind. Rocks. Ben Lawers (McKinlay), &c. Tribe xxi. Buxbaumiacejs. 80. BUXBAUMIA, Haller. 398. B. aphylla, Hall. “ St. almost none, buried. L. lower roundish, deeply toothed, upper fringed with long, ciliary processes. Caps, plano-convex, roundish, ovate, reddish. Outer perist. irregularly subdivided, thick and cellular/’ [Wilson.] Rare. May. Scotland, Yorkshire, &c. 399. B. indusiata, Brid. “ Resembling the last, but caps, more erect, not flattened on the upper surface, of uniform texture and yellowish-green colour, covered with a soft membrane, which ruptures on the upper surface, the margins rolling back, somewhat like the indusium of a fern. Annulus narrow.” [Dr. Braith- waite, Journ. Bot., viii. 226.] June. On ground and rotten trunks. Chiefly in pine woods. Near Ballater, 1847 (Cruikshank); Craigendinnie Hill, Aboyne, 1867 (Dickie and Roy).176 SYNOPSIS OP BRITISH MOSSES. 81. DIPHYSCIUM, W. and M. 400. L. foliosnm, W. and M. St. almost none. L. long, narrow, linear, flexuose, with an obscure nerve, margin plane, sometimes toothed near apex; per. 1. with a pale, thin blade, nerve excurrent into a long, rough bristle, and the innermost divided at apex into long, jointed cilia. Caps, immersed, ovate, oblique, gibbous, lid conical, pointed. Perist. teeth white. Shady mountainous rocks. August. Tribe xxii. Polytrichacej:. 82. OLIGOTRICHUM, Be Gand. 401. 0. hercynicum, Ehr. (incurvum, Huds., Br. M. PL). St. [—1 inch. L. rigid, erecto-patent, lanceo- late, sheathing, margins inflexed, remotely serrate, lamellae of nerve undulate, and spinulose at back. Caps, erect, cylindrical, plicate and oblique when dry, lid conical, pointed. Alpine and subalpine barren soil. June, July. Scotland; Todmorden (Nowell). 83. ATRICHTJM, P. Beauv. [Catharinea, Ehr., Br. M. FI.] a. Monoicous. 402. A. undulatum, Linn. St. 1—2 inches. L. ligulate, margin undulate, thickened, with bi-cuspid, spinulose teeth, which also occur on back near apex, \v here lamellate nerve ceases. Caps, cylindrical, curved, lid with a long, curved beak. Grassy places. Common. October, November. Var. /3. min ok, Uedw. L. crowded, shorter, less undulate. Caps, suberect, ovate-oblong, unequal, on a shoiter seta. [Br. M. PL, p. 40.]POGONATUH. 177 Bare stony places. Not common. Between Ben Lawers and Killin, 1865 (McKinlay); Islay, 1883 (Rev. A. Ley). b. Dioicous. 403. A. angustatum, Brid. St. shorter. L. narrower, densely reticulate, margin serrate at apes only, less hispid beneath, with numerous lamellae on nerve. Caps, suberect, cylindrical, straight or curved, lid dark purple, shortly rostrate. [Schp. Syn., p. 529.] Bare sandy ground, heaths, &c. Winter. Braes of Doune, fruit (MoKinlay) ; Sussex—male (Mitten). \_A. tenellum, Rohl. The plants referred to this species as British belong to undulata or its var. minor.] 404. A. crispum, James (laxifolium, Wils. MS.). St. simple, slender. L. lower small, somewhat spathulate, upper much larger, erecto-patent, curved and flexuose when dry, oblong-lanceolate, slightly undulate, border thickened, toothed, nerve reaching apex, narrowly 1 — 4 lamellate, areolae larger, hexagonal or rounded. Caps, obovate-oblong, suberect or inclined, wide- mouthed, teeth very short, irregular, seta red. Lancashire; Oakmere, Cheshire; Saddleworth, Mars- den (Whitehead), Hebden Bridge (Nowell), Yorkshire; Dartmoor. Male plant only found in Britain. 84. POGONATUM, P. Beauv. Aloidea.—PI. low, simple, gregarious. L. broad, involute (resembling those of an Aloe). 405. P. nanum, Dill. {Polytrichmn. subrotundum, Huds., Br. M. FI.). St. short, not branched at apex. L. rigid, spreading, lanceolate-obtuse, sheathing, serru- N178 SYNOPSIS OP BRITISH MOSSES. late above. Caps, almost globose, erect or inclined, lid with a curved or oblique beak, columella not winged, cylindric. Moist shady sandy banks. Spring. Var. /3. longisetum. L. long, linear-lanceolate, seta very long. Caps, oval-oblong. 406. P. aloides, Hedw. (Polytrichum, Br. M. FI.). St. less than 1 inch, branched at apex. L. rigid, spreading, lanceolate, sheathing, serrate on margin and back. Caps, erect, somewhat ovate-urceolate or cylindrical, lid conical, beaked, columella with four wings. Hairs of calyptra whitish. Moist banks. Spring. Yar. /3. minus. Smaller generally. “ Hairs of calyp- tra confluent below capsule.’1 JJrnigera.—St. taller, dendroid. 407. P. urnigerum, Linn. St. 1—4 inches, branched above, reddish below. L. spreading, linear-lanceolate, from a short, broader, sheathing base, acute, serrate. Caps, erect, narrowly cylindrical, regular, papillose, lid convex, with a short, upright beak. October, March. Mountainous banks and sides of streams. Var. /3. humile. St. short, simple. L. shorter, straight. Caps, narrower, ovate, subcernuous. 408. P. alpinum, Linn. St. much longer, branched above, decumbent below. L. linear-lanceolate, from a long sheathing base, gradually tapering, serrate, back spinulose, margin inflexed. Caps, generally inclined, ovoid, tumid, smooth, lid small, with a long, curved, oblique beak. Subalpine localities. June. England, Scotland, Ireland.POLYTRICHUM. 179 Var. B. campanulatum. g St. short. L. narrower and shorter. Caps, apophysate. Calyptra campanulate. 85. POLYTRICHITM, Brid. A. Caps. 6-angled. Apophysis indistinct. 409. P. sexangulare, Floerlce. Barren st. 2—6 inches, fertile shorter. L. short, incurved, rigid, linear-lanceo- late from a broader base, margins plane, incurved, almost cucullate at serrulate apex. Caps, short, at first upright, afterwards cernuous, sometimes 6, some- times only 4 or 5-angled, lid rostrate. Calyptra short, and shortly villous. Summits of Scotch mountains. August, September. Ben Lawers, Cairngorm, &c. 410. P. gracile, Dicks. St. about \ inch, densely tufted. L. short, lanceolate, from a broad, sheathing base, wings pellucid, serrate, with prominent lamellae on upper surface. Caps, ovate, obscurely 6-angled, lid conico-rostrate, beak oblique. Calyptra small. Turbaries, &c. Frequent. Spring. 411. P. formosum, Hedw. (attenuntum, Menz., Br. M. FI.). St. 3—6 inches, loosely tufted. L. spreading, linear-lanceolate, from a broad, glossy, sheathing base, acute, serrate, lamellate. Caps. 4, 5, 6-angled, fawn- coloured, lid long, conical, beak acuminate. Calyptra large. Woods. June. B. Caps. 4-angled. Apophysis very distinct, discoid. 412. P. piliferum, Schreb. St. about 1 inch, simple. L. lower short, appressed, upper much longer, from an ovate, sheathing base, lanceolate, prolonged into roughish hair-points, margins entire, indexed. Caps. n 2180 SYNOPSIS OF BRITISH MOSSES. faintly angular, almost ovate, erect, on. a short seta. Calyptra long, reddish. Dry heaths. May, June. 413. P. juniperum, Hedw. St. 1—6 inches. L. re- flexed, spreading, linear-lanceolate, almost bristle- pointed, margin entire, except a few teeth at apex, much inflexed from middle upwards, somewhat spinu- lose at back, nerve excurrent into a short, reddish arista. Caps. 4-angled, reddish-orange, on a seta 2 inches or more long. Calyptra large, very hairy. Heaths. May, June. 414. P. strictum, Banks (P. juniperum, /3. stridum, Bry. Brit.). St. m ore slender, densely matted, branched, closely interwoven with whitish tomentum. L. straight, erecto-patent, imbricate when dry. shorter and nar- rower, pale glaucous green. Caps, shorter, cuboid, acutely angled, rufous orange. Calyptra brownish or white. Mountain moors. Common. Summer. 415. P. commune, L. St. 6 or 8 inches, simple. L. spreading, reflexed, linear-lanceolate, sheathing, whitish and membranous at base, serrate on margin and back, nerve broad ; per. 1. with long, wavy hair-points. Caps, short, upright, acutely 4-angled, afterwards cernuous, on a very long seta, lid variable in size. Calyptra large, reddish, very hairy. Tufty and marshy places. June. Yar. /3. perigoniale. Smaller. Inner per. 1. longer; 1. nearly smooth at back. Dry heaths. Yar. y. minus. St. short. L. shorter, less spread- ing ; per. 1. less striking. Caps, much smaller, less acutely angled.CINCLIDOTUS—FONTINALIS. 181 Wet heaths. Yar. y, /3. fastigiatuh. St. branched, fastigiate. L. as in var. 7. Very dry heaths. Section II. GLADOGARPI. Tribe xxiii. Fontinalacea Fam. 1. Cinclidotse. 86. CINCLIDOTUS, P. Beauv. 416. C. fontinaloides, Hedw. St. 2—5 inches, in long, straggling tufts, generally floating. L. crowded, spreading, flexuose, lanceolate, acute, with a thickened margin and strong, excurrent nerve; per. 1. larger, sheathing, ovate-lanceolate, thinner. Caps, immersed, with a conical, beaked lid. Calyptra persistent, thick, split on one side. Stones in rivulets, &c. March, April. Fam. 2. Fontinalidae. 87. FONTINALIS, Bill. 417. F. antipyretica, L. St. very long, often 1 foot, with long, spreading branches. L. ovate-lanceolate, very concave, keeled, nerveless, all on each branch with one margin reflexed on the same side, the other plane, sometimes serrulate near apex, olive or almost black when old. Caps, oval or ovate, immersed, lid long, conical, acute. Streams and stagnant water. June, July. Var. /3. gigantea, Sull. More robust, with fewer 1 branches, pale green when young, rufescent or orange- coloured when old. Caps, smaller. Perist. teeth shorter, paler.182 SYNOPSIS OP BRITISH MOSSES. In slow flowing streams. Yar. 7. gracilis, Lindb. More slender. L. smaller, narrower, acute, less acutely keeled, cells narrower, often bifid on the keel, margin less reflexed. Colder streams. Malham Cove; Scotland. 418. F. squamosa, L. St. shorter, but elongate. Br. numerous, crowded, fasciculate, not spreading. L. lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, concave, not keeled, margin not reflexed, nerveless, entire. Caps, similar to last. Mountain rivulets. June, July. Fam. 3. Dichelymeae. 88. DICHELYMA, Myrin. 419. [D. capillaceumjDicfo.J St. 3—6 inches, slender, brittle, with a few distichous, spreading branches. L. erecto-patent, secund, subulate-setaceous, keeled, with a long, excurrent nerve; per. 1. long, convolute, nerve- less. Caps, short, oval, almost immersed, lid large, conical, beaked. Alpine rivulets. Summer. A doubtful native. Tribe xxiv. Crypheacea:. Fam. 1. Hedwigise. 89. HEDWIGIA, Fhr. 420. H. ciliata, Bides. Monoicous. Dichotomously branched, rooting at base only. L. crowded, spreading, sometimes secund, ovate-lanceolate, concave, margin recurved below, apex diaphanous, prolonged to a blunt point and strongly toothed on each side; per. 1. withHEDWIGJDIUH—CKYPILEA. 183 apex laciniate. Caps, immersed, globose, lid convex, with a short beak. Calyptra conical, sometimes hairy. Rocks in mountainous districts. March. North Wales, Arthur’s Seat, &c. Var. leucopimea. L, more crowded and spreading, wider, and with longer diaphanous points. Var. 8. viridis. L. scarcely secund, spreading, deep green, scarcely diaphanous at apex. Var. e. striata. L. plicate, much recurved, lid conical. 90. HEDWIGIDIUM, B. and S. 421. H. imberbe, Smith. St. 1—3 inches, irregularly not dichotomously branched, flagelliferous. L. ovate- lauceolate, acuminate, imbricate when dry, margin recurved, apex not diaphanous, but slightly crenate. Caps, exserted, on a short seta, spherical or obovate, lid with a blunt, slightly oblique beak. Calyptra cucullate, reddish. Rocks. October, November. Wales and Ireland. Fam. 2. Cryphaese. 91. CRYPHiEA, Mohr. 422. C. heteromalla, Hedw. St. 1 inch, decumbent, sparingly branched, subpinnate. L. spreading, imbri- cate, slightly recurved, broadly ovate, pointed, concave, thickly nerved nearly to apex; per. 1. elliptic, with an excurrent nerve. Caps, oblong, immersed, appearing secund, lid conical, pointed. Synoicous. Trunks of trees. Var. /3. AQUATiLis. St. elongate. L. roundish, ovate, obtuse. Stones in running streams, or trees. May, June.184 SYNOPSIS OF BRITISH MOSSES. Section III. PLEUROCABPI. Tribe xxv. Leucodontack®. . Fam. 1. Leptodontae. 92. LEPTODON, Mohr. 423. L. Smithii, Dicks. St. 1—3 inches, creeping. Branches pinnate or bipinnate. L. ovate, rounded and obtuse at apex, bisulcate, entire, margin recurved below on one side, nerved more than half way, apical cells small, rotund, basal, rhomboid, rectangular; per. 1. erect, ovate, subulate. Caps, elliptical, horizontal, on a short, curved seta, lid with a straight beak. Trees. April. Devon, &c. Fam. 2. Leucodontse. 93. PTEROGONIUM, Swartz. 424. P. gracile, Dill. Rhizome creeping, with arcuate stems, and incurved, fasciculate branches. L. spreading (appressed when dry), ovate, concave, acute, serrate near apex, margin not recurved, slightly two- nerved at base. Caps, oblong, elongate, small-mouthed. Perist. fragile, lid conical, short, not rostrate. Shady subalpine rocks and walls, and trees. Spring. 94. LETJCODON, Schw. 425. L. sciuroides, Linn. St. or branches 1 inch, from a creeping rhizome. L. patent, when dry secund or imbricate, ovate-lanceolate, entire, tapering to a point, plicate, somewhat secund; per. 1. longer, all nerveless. Caps, ovate-oblong or elliptical, erect, lid conical, beaked. Trees, walls, rocks, &c. Spring.ANTITKICH1A—NECKEEA. 185 Var. /3. moeensis. More robust. L. larger, densely conferted; per. 1. larger, sheathing, pale. Caps, elongate-cylindric, suharcuate. Craig Challeach (McKinlay), Berkshire, Surrey. 95. ANTITRICHIA, Brid. 426. A. curtipendula, Linn. St. 3—8 in., straggling, pinnately branched. L. ovate-lanceolate, concave, sharply curved to a roughly toothed point, which ends in a double hook in the younger ones, nerved half way, margins recurved. Caps, roundish, elliptical, drooping, lid with a short, oblique beak. Rocks and trees. April. Tribe xxvi. NECKEEACEiE. 96. NECKERA, Eedw. a. Capsule immersed. 427. N. pennata, Hall. St. 2 inches, pinnate, with complanate, longer branches. L. complanate, undulate, ovate-lanceolate, subcultriform, tapering to a slightly serrulate point, otherwise entire, nerveless, or some- times shortly and faintly two-nerved. Caps, oblong or oval, immersed, lid with a short, oblique beak. Monoicous. Trunks of trees. Rare. Spring. b. Capsule exserted. 428. N. pumila, Hedw. St. 1—2 inches, subpinnate, with slender flagellae and short, complanate branches. L. complanate, undulate, ovate-oblong, tapering, apicu- late or acuminate, somewhat concave, serrulate, margin recurved, shortly two-nerved or nerveless. Caps, elliptical, erect, on a very short seta, lid with a short beak. Dioicous.186 SYNOPSIS OP BRITISH MOSSES. Trunks of trees and rocks. April, May. 429. [N. Philippeana, 8dip. Primary stem creeping, densely pinnate, secondary ascending, remotely pinnate. L. densely imbricate, complanate, strongly and ele- gantly undulate, ovate-lanceolate, sharply narrowed into a longer or shorter flexuose apiculus, nerveless, areolae small, linear. Bry. Eur., v. 445.] Probably only a barren form of N. pumila. Schp. Syn., ed. 2, p. 568. Bark of a young ash tree. Valley of Hirnant, Bala, N. Wales (Rev. H. H. Higgins), July, 1872, barren ; Scotland. 430. N. crispa, Linn. St. 4—6 inches, pinnate, from a creeping rhizome. L. complanate, undulate, ovate- oblong or ovate-lingulate,somewhat obtuse and pointed, serrulate at apex, faintly and shortly 2-nerved or singly nerved half way. Caps, ovate elliptical, erect, lid with a long, oblique beak. Dioicous. Mountainous rocks, trees. Spring. 431. N. complanata, Linn. St. 1—2 inches, pinnate. Br. short, crowded, attenuate. L. complanate, not undulate, obliquely ovate-oblong, suddenly apiculate from broadish apex, faintly and shortly 2-nerved, apex serrulate. Caps, roundish, elliptical, tapering below, erect, lid large, obliquely rostrate. Dioicous. Trunks of trees, walls, &c. Spring. 97. HOMALIA, Brid. 432. H. trichomanoides, Schreb. St. about 1 inch, irregularly pinnate. L. crowded, subsecund, subfalcate, complanate, oval, serrulate, apex obtuse, apiculate, faintly nerved half way. Caps, small, subcylindrical, suberect, lid with an oblique beak.THAMNIUM—DALT0N1 A— PTE EYGOPHTLLTTM. 187 Trunks of trees and shady rocks. October, Nov. .**».w* ••••• • secund. 508. P. pulchellum, TLedw. St. arcuate, short, densely tufted, suberect. Br. fastigiate. L. crowded, secund, subfalcate, lanceolate, gradually tapering from base to apex, entire, generally nerveless. Caps, oblong, sub- erect, curved, lid conical, muticous. Monoicous. Mountainous shady rocks, &c. June—October. 509. P. nitidulum, Wahl. Broadly low, csespitose. St. prostrate. Br. erect. L. complanate, rarely sub- secund, larger than last, broader and more shining, with a longer apiculus. Caps, cernuous, horizontal P210 SYNOPSIS OP BRITISH MOSSES. when dry, ovate or oval, truncate when empty, lid convexo-conical, obtuse. Monoicous. On decaying trunks and leaves. Summer. Heseltine Ghyll, Yorkshire, 1861 (Whitehead), Scot- land. Rare. 510. P. denticulatum, Linn. St. prostrate, with sub- fasciculate branches. L. complanate; at apex and base of branches, small, broadly lanceolate; in middle larger, ovate oblong, apiculate, all inequilateral, sometimes subserrulate at apex, margin recurved below, shortly 2-nerved. Caps, arcuate, oblong, suberect or cernuous, lid acutely conical. Monoicous. Subalpine woods, banks, wet rocks, &c. Summer. Var. /3. obtusifolium. L. elliptical, more or less obtuse, slightly concave. Alpine rocks. 511. P. Borreriannm, Spruce (1846). St. prostrate. Br. distichous, fasciculate or pinnate. L. complanate, ovate-lanceolate, tapering to a long, slender, serrulate point, sometimes oblique, nerveless, or faintly 2-nerved. Caps, small, ovate, suberect or scarcely horizontal (not pendulous). Outer and inner peristome pale yellow. (Our English moss is described in Bry. Brit, as H. elegans, Hook., which is an exotic species not occurring in Britain, having its leaves not tapering into a long, slender point, and capsule pendulous, with a red, outer peristome.) April. Shady banks and rocks, usually barren, but fruit has been gathered at Arthog, North Wales, first by Mr. Whitehead, and since at several other places sparingly. Var. /3. collinum, Wils. St. erect, tufted. L. sub- secund. 512. P. sylvaticum, Linn. St. longer, about 1 inch,PLAGIOTHICIUM. 211 decumbent, branched. L. subcomplanate, sometimes subsecund, ovate-lanceolate, shortly acuminate, entire, obsoletely 2-nerved. Caps, cylindrical, curved, inclined or horizontal, sulcate when dry, lid loDg, shortly beaked. Dioicous. Roots of trees in woods, &c. September. Var. B. succulentum. T'odmorden. 513. P. undulatum, Linn. St. and br. procumbent, 2 inches or more. L. complanate, ovate, acute, not acuminate, entire, undulate, margin incurved on one side, faintly 2-nerved, whitish-green. Caps, cylindrical, tapering at base, cernuous or horizontal, striate when dry, lid with a short beak. Dioicous. Woods and moist places. September. 2. Leaves spreading or spreading-secund. 514. P. Muhlenbeckii, Schp. St. short, tufted, sub- erect, with recurved, fasciculate branches. L. compla- nate, subsecund, spreading, deltoid-ovate or subcordate, tapering to a long, acuminate point, one side incurved, dark green, finely serrulate, nerveless or shortly 2-nerved. Caps, oblong, cylindric, slightly inclined, tapering below, striate when dry, lid short, conical. Monoicous. July- Alpine rocks. Scotland, Ireland. 515. P. Silesiacum, Seliger. St. and br. procumbent, the latter arcuate. L. secund, mostly pointing upwards, ovate-lanceolate, long tapering, concave, distinctly serrulate, obsoletely and shortly 2-nerved. Caps, long, subcylindrical, not striate when dry, curved, cernuous, lid conical, pointed. Monoicous. Stems of decaying trees, rocks, &c. Summer. Kent, Yorkshire. p 2212 SYNOPSIS OF BRITISH MOSSES. 127. AMBLYSTEGIUM, Schp. a. Leaves opaque, cells wholly parenchymatose, more or less chlorophyllose. 1. Dioicous. 516. A. Sprucei, Bruch. St. short, slender, with few branches. L. distant, narrowly ovate-lanceolate, long pointed, margin almost entire, concave, nerveless; per. 1. larger, with longer points, distinctly serrulate at apex. Caps, erect, elliptical, turbinate when dry, mouth wide, lid mamillate. [Leskeu, Bry. Brit.] Shady subalpine rocks. Rare. Summer. Teesdale, Todmorden, &c. 2. Monoicous. 517. A. confervoides, Brid. St. creeping, very slender, subpinnate, sparingly branched. Br. capilliform. L. scattered, subsecund, more or less spreading, ovate- lanceolate, acuminate, entire, nerveless; per. 1. longer, erect. Caps, cernuous, oval-oblong, slightly incurved, pale brown, semi-pellucid, lid convex, obliquely apicu- late. Stones in shady places, limestone. Summer. Dovedale (Dr. Fraser, 1866), Westmoreland, &c. 518. A. serpens, Linn.* St. creeping, subpinnate, with slender, suberect branches; st. 1. spreading, ovate-lanceolate; br. 1. narrower, subsecund, tapering into long points, entire, faintly nerved half way, or sometimes nearly to apex. Caps, oblong, cylindrical or obovate, curved, cernuous, reddish at mouth, lid conical, acute. April, May. * The Southport moss referred by Kindbergto A. porphyrrhizun belongs here.AMBLYSTEG1UM. 213 Walls, moist banks, trees, &c. Common. 519. A. radicale, P. Beciuv. St. creeping, with sub- erect, rigid branches. L. spreading, ovate-lanceolate, from a cordate or deltoid base, and strongly nerved almost to the long, tapering apex; per. 1. larger, serrate, seta long (sometimes 2 inches). Caps, arcuate- cylindric, cernuous, not red at mouth, lid conical, with a short, sharp beak. Moist ground amongst grass. April, May. 520. A. irriguum, Wils. St. procumbent, rigid, sometimes pinnate. L. spreading, secund, gradually tapering to a point, from a deltoid-ovate, somewhat decurrent base, subserrulate, strongly nerved nearly to apex. Caps, oblong, cernuous, curved, when dry more so, and contracted at mouth, annulus persistent, lid conical, blunt pointed. Stones in rivulets and streams. Apjih 521. A. fluviatile, Swartz. St. procumbent, with simple, prostrate, not rigid branches. L. patent or subsecund, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, decurrent, acute, entire, concave, strongly nerved almost to apex, margin recurved below. Caps, slender, elliptical, elongate, suberect, only slightly curved, lid conical. Eocks and stones in mountain streams. May, June. b. Leaves broadly ovate, more or less longly acumi- nate, decurrent at angles, cells thin-walled, long hexagono-rhomboid, laxer at base, at angles rectan- gular. 522. A. riparium, Linn. St, long, creeping, with subpinnate, suberect branches. L. spreading, rarely subsecund, subcomplanate, ovate-lanceolate, entire, nerved two-thirds or more. Caps, oblong, cylindrical,214 SYNOPSIS OF BRITISH MOSSKS. curved, cernuous or horizontal, contracted at mouth ■when dry, lid conical, pointed. Monoicous. May, June. Stones, &c., near pools, sometimes in water. 128. HYPNTJM, Bill. Sub-genus 1. Campylophyllum. PI. arched, creeping, strongly radiculose. L. closely set, divaricato-squcirrose, from a sheathing base, cells narrow, linear, quadrate at angles. a. Monoicous. 523. H. Halleri, L.jil. St. creeping, with pinnate, erect branches. L. crowded, lanceolate, recurved from a roundish ovate, erect base, acuminate, serrulate, almost squarrose, faintly 2-nerved at base or nerveless. Caps, oblong, cylindric, curved, cernuous, lid conical, blunt, orange. Alpine rocks. Eare. August. Sub-genus 2. Campylium. St. creeping, prostrate or ascending. Br. irregular or subpinnate. L. squarrose-divaricate or subsecund, fal- cate, lanceolate, with a long acumen, nerveless or thinly nerved, cells Harrow, linear, generally quadrate and lax at angles. Caps, subarcuate, lid convexo-conical. 524. H. Somerfelti, Myr. (polymorphum, Hedw., ed. 1). St. procumbent, branches simple, erect, slender. L. spreading, almost squarrose, subsecund, ovate, sud- denly lanceolate, acuminate, with a longapiculus, entire, nerveless or with 2 stria) at base. Caps, oblong, curved, cernuous, lid conical. Monoicous. June. Limestone walls, banks and rocks, roots, &c.HYFNTJH. 215 525. H. elodes, Spruce. St. elongate, slender, with subpiunate, slender, suberect branches. L. distant, spreading; br. 1. lanceolate-subulate, apex almost seta- ceous, secund; st. 1. wider, less secund, all entire or subserrulate at base, nerved nearly or quite to apex. Capsule cylindrical, curved, cernuous, lid conical. Dioicous. Wet places and bogs. April, May. 526. H. chrysophyllum, Brid. St. creeping, pinnate. L. almost squarrose, subsecund, from a cordate, ovate, concave base, tapering into long setaceous points, entire, nerved more than half way, areolae not enlarged or diaphanous at base. Caps, large, cylindrical, curved, cernuous, lid conical. Dioicous. Fallow ground, chalk hills, &c. May—September. 527. H. stellatum, Schreb. St. 1—2 inches, erect, densely tufted. Br. irregular or subpinnate, cuspidate. L. squarrose, recurved, rather suddenly tapering into a long point, from a deltoid-ovate base, with a few large, diaphanous cells at basal angles, nerveless, entire. Caps, oblong, curved, cernuous, lid convex, pointed. Dioicous. Marshes and bogs. May, June. Yar. /3. pbotensum. St. creeping, much branched. L. shorter. 528. H. polygamum, Bry. Bur. St. 1 inch or more, procumbent, subpinnate. L. spreading, less squarrose, ovate-lanceolate, tapering into shorter points than last two, entire, nerved nearly to apex, areolae larger at base. Caps, oblong, subcernuous or subhorizontal, lid conical, pointed. Wet swampy places. May. Yar. /3. stagnatum. St. longer, suberect, more pin-216 SYNOPSIS OP BRITISH MOSSES. nate. L. with a longer nerve, seta longer, often 3 inches or more. Sub-genus 3. Harpidium. Br. generally pinnate. L. falcate, singly nerved, cells narrowly linear, laser towards the base, enlarged and excavate at angles. a. Dioicous. t Stems and branches strongly hooked at apex. 529. H. adnncum, 1Eedw., St. iv. t. 24 (H. Kneiffii, B. and S., ed. 1). St. 2—6 inches long, erect, subpinnate; st. 1. falcato-secund, somewhat distant, oblong-lanceo- late, with a long, flexuose acumen, occasionally faintly subserrulate near the base, thinly nerved two-thirds the length, not striate; br. 1. smaller, subsecund or patent, basal angles decurrent, excavate, of lax, sub- quadrate cells, middle, hexagono-rectangular, apical, narrow, elongate-rectangular; per. 1. erect, oblong- lanceolate, int. longly acuminate, and slightly sulcate. Caps, cylindrical, oblong, arcuate, broadly annulate. Swamps and marshes. June. Yar. /3. Kneippii. St. long, flexuose, scarcely branched. L. patent or subsecund, suberect or some- what falcato-lanceolate, ovate-sagittate, nerved to about middle, basal cells narrower; int. per. 1. deeply sulcate. 530. H. vernicosum, Lindb., 1861 {II. pellucidum, Wils. MS. ; H. aduncum, var. tenue, Bry. Brit.). St. erect, rather rigid, pinnate. L. shorter, falcato-secund, the apical ones involute, ovate, oblong-lanceolate, more or less acuminate, distinctly sulcate, neither auricled nor decurrent, very glossy, yellow-green, nerve vanish- ing far below apex, cells very narrow, vermicular,HYPNUM. 217 at base rotund, quadrate, and purplish. Caps, oblong, cernuous, arcuate, lid mamillate, annulus broad. Wybunbury Bog, Cheshire, &c. June. 531. H. Cossoni, Schp. (intermedium, Lindb.). In habit like H. Sendtneri, var. /3. St. elongate, flexuoso- erect, interruptedly pinnate. Br. very unequal. L. falcato-secund, ovate-oblong, becoming lanceolate, acu- men subulate, scarcely furrowed, with minute, decur- rent auricles, nerved nearly to apex, cells very narrow, vermicular, opaque, at basal angles rotund, quadrate, scarcely excavate; outer per. 1. squarrose, inner almost erect, acuminate, sulcate. Fruit as in Sendtneri. Bogs. Frequent. 532. H. Sendtneri, Schpr. (H. aduncum, e, hamatum, and f, giganteum, Bry. Eur.). St. 3—6 inches, simple, pinnate. L. falcato-secund, broadly oblong lanceolate, hooked above, very concave, distinctly auricled at subdecurrent angles, glossy, lightly sulcate only when dry, nerve vanishing below apex, basal cells rectangu- lar, narrower towards the margin, hyaline, yellowish ; at angles rectangular and subquadrate,brownish-yellow. Caps, ovate-oblong, erect at base, arcuate, lid convex, shortly apiculate. June, July. Bogs. Scotland; near Birmingham, &c. Var. /3. Wilsoni. St. very tall, sometimes 1 foot, yellow-green, with slender, nearly simple or irregularly pinnate branches. L. larger, with a filiform acumen, auricles very small. Lancashire. 533. H. exannulatum, Giirnb. (aduncum, Dill. L., ed. 1). St. 2—4 inches, erect, subpinnate. Br. short, simple, few. L. crowded, narrow, falcato-secund, lanceolate-218 SYNOPSIS OP BRITISH MOSSES. acuminate, striate, faintly subserrulate near the base, remotely denticulate above, nerved nearly to apex, basal cells oblong, rhomboid, gradually passing into the long, narrower ones above, at anriculate angles, larger, inflated, hyaline. Caps, subcylindrical, curved, cernuous, on a seta 1 inch long or more, lid convexo- conical, annulus absent. Marshes and marshy heaths. April, May. Var. /8. purpurascens. Tufts deep, purple or varie- gated with green. L. except the youngest less elongate, purple, upper paler, less falcate. Alpine pools. Scotland. Yar. 7. stenophyllttm, Wils. (Rotoe, De Not. et Sch. Syn.). Tufts purple, rarely green. St. densely and irregularly branched. L. long, straight, narrowly lanceolate, at apex of branches subsecund. Subalpine streams and pools. Yorkshire and North of England. tt Branches and stems scarcely hooked. 534. H. lycopodioides, Schw. St. about 2 inches, erect, subpinnate, rather rigid. L. flexuoso-falcato- secund, ovate-acuminate, tapering to an acute point, but not apiculate, concave, flexuoso-sulcate, entire, nerved nearly to apex. Caps, oblong, cernuous, in- curved from an erect base, lid conical, mamillate. Bogs and marshes. Fruit rare. June. Southport, in fruit. h. Monoicous. 535. H. fluitans, Linn. St. 6—12 inches, erect or floating, pinnate, slender. Br. short, deflexed; st. 1.HYPNUlt. 219 flexuose, spreading, hooked at apex only; br. 1. nar- rower, turned to one side, rarely falcato-secund, lanceolate, tapering from an ovate, rounded base, acuminate, slightly serrulate near apex, thinly nerved more than half way, not sulcate, areolae enlarged at base. Caps, small, oblong, curved, subcernuous, on a very long seta, lid conical, mamillate. Marshes, bogs, &c. April, May. 536. H. revolvens, Swartz. St. 2—4 inches, erect or procumbent, subpinnate. L. crowded, tortuous or circinnate, falcate, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, concave, serrulate near apex, deep red or purplish, nerve strong, more than half way, areolae not enlarged at base. Caps, oblong, cernuous, on a shorter seta, lid conical, acute. Bogs and marshes. April, May. 537. H. uncinatum, Hedw. St. about 2 inches, slender, erect or procumbent, subpinnate. L. circinnate, secund, very narrow, lanceolate setaceous from a broader base, plicate, serrulate, nerved nearly to apex. Caps, cylindrical, curved, cernuous, lid conical. Subalpine walls and rocks. May, June. Sub-genus 4. Cratoneuron. St. prostrate or ascending, radiculose and villose. Br. pinnate. Paraphyllia numerous, dissected. L. obcordate-lanceolate, falcato-secund, cells linear; at decurrent angles, lax, excavate, brown, opaque, nerve thick. Caps, oblong cylindric, on a long seta, cernuous from an erect neck. Dioicous. 538. H. filicinum, Linn. St. 2—4 inches, suberect, slender, pinnate, with purplish radicles. L. spreading, falcato-secund; st. 1. deltoid-ovate, tapering; br. 1.220 8YNOPSIS OF BRITISH MOSSES. ovate-lanceolate—all serrulate, scarcely twisted when dry, nerved to or beyond apex, areolae oval, rather large, larger rhomboid and pellucid at base. Caps, oblong, curved, cernuous, lid conical, acute. Dioicous. Marshes, wet rocks. April. Var. /3. vallisclaos.®, Brid. L. subsecund, nerve very strong and excurrent. Ormeshead; Derbyshire. Yar. 7. gracilescens, Schp. Slender, pinnate, en- tirely prostrate, strongly tomentose. L. small, patent or subsecund, deep green. 539. H. commutatum, Hedw. St. 2—4 inches or more, procumbent; branches about £ inch—both more or less uncinate, radicles brownish ; st. 1. remote, from a triangular, obcordate, bi-auriculate base, narrowly falciform (upper auricle eroso-denticulate, lower decur- rent, entire), tapering to a slender, long point, which is twisted when dry, finely serrulate, nerved nearly to apex; br. 1. narrower—all much sulcate, areolae narrow, flexuose-linear; auricular, small, hexagono- quadrate. Caps, large, oblong, lid conical. Dioicous. Wet shady places. April—July. \_II. Breadalbanense, F. B. White, seems to be only a form of this species.] 540. H. falcatum, Brid. (H. commutatum, var. con- densatum, Bry. Brit.). St. 2—3 inches, caespitose, erect, sparingly branched, scarcely radiculose. L. larger, more or less falcate, ovate-oblong, lanceolate- subulate, base minutely serrulate, less decurrent and excavate, and less sulcate, nerved nearly to apex, which is scarcely cirroso-flexuose. Caps, small, oval-oblong, curved, cernuous. Subalpine places and bogs. May, June.HYPNUM. 221 Var. /3. gracilescens. Irregularly branched, pro- cumbent. L. smaller, shiuing, reddisb-brown. Yorkshire, Scotland. Var. 7. virescens, Boulay. St. long. Br. fascicu- late, pinnate. L. subfalcate-secund, apical, strongly falcate, scarcely auriculate, nerved close to apex, deep green, cells all narrow. Paraphyllia few. Probably a distinct species. Malham, Yorkshire (W. West). 541. H. sulcatum, Schpr. Loosely caespitose. St. rigid, without radicles, subpinnate. L. partly broadly elongate-lanceolate, partly sharply lanceolate from broadly ovate, minutely denticulate base, long and deeply snlcate, all reflexed, hamulose, nerve absent or slender, cells narrowly hexagono-rhomboid, obtuse at apex, broader at base, quadrate at auricles. Para- phyllia numerous. Mountainous places. Ben Lawers, July, I860 (G. E. Hunt). Sub-genus 5. Rhytidium. Robust, prostrate or ascending, irregularly pinnate, without radicles. L. strongly sulcato-rugose, upper cells vermicular-linear, middle lower sinuoso-rectangu- lar, at margin and angles minutely quadrate, nerve single, narrow. Calyptra large. Caps, oblong, cer- nuous or horizontal, lid beaked, annulus broad. Dioicous. 542. H. rugosum, Ehr. St. 2—3 inches, rigid, erect, densely tufted. Br. recurved; st. 1. crowded, spirally imbricate and falcato-secund, serrulate and recurved at margin, lanceolate-acuminate from a broad base, rugose, nerved more than half way ; br. 1. often erecto-222 SYNOPSIS OP BRITISH MOSSES. patent. Caps, subcylindrical, curved, pale reddish- brown, lid large, yellowish, with an oblique beak. July. Limestone and other rocks. Barren in England. Sub-genus 6. Homomallium. St. creeping, csespitose, pinnate. L. curved upwards, secund, areolae loosely rhomboid. Caps, incurved, cernuous, compressed below mouth when dry. 543. H. incurvatum, Schrad. St. short, slender. Branches curved upwards. L. ovate-lanceolate, taper- ing, all pointing upwards, entire or serrulate at apex, nerveless or shortly 2-nerved. Caps, small, ovate, horizontal, lid short, conical, acute. Monoicous. Shady walls and stones. June. Sub-genus 7. Brepanium. St. more or less regularly pinnate. L. falciform- secund, two or singly nerved or nerveless, areolae nar- rowly linear, quadrate at basal angles. Paraphyllia not numerous. Caps, subcylindrical, incurved, lid large, shortly rostellate. a. Monoicous. [544. H. Canariense, Mitt. (Journ. Linn. Soc. viii.). Tufted. St. procumbent. Br. pinnate. L. falcato- secund, compressed, ovate-lanceolate or oval-lanceolate, gradually acute, margins sharply serrulate upwards, shortly 2-nerved, cells elongate, a few more obscure at the angles. Caps, shortly oval, with a large mouth, lid conical-acuminate. Dioicous. (Like H. cupressi- forme, var. mamillatus, but differs in the sharp serrula- tion of the leaves, &c.) “ Killarney, 1829, Wilson.”]HYPNUH. 223 Derbyshire localities have been given, but the specimens belong to a form of H, molluscum. 545. H. hamulosum, B. and S. St. 1 inch or more, procumbent or ascending, radiculose, pinnate. Br. hooked at apex. L. circinnate-secund, much curved, tapering into a long, slender, subserrulate point, from an ovate-lanceolate base, nerveless or obsoletely 2-nerved, cells hexagono-vermicular, laxer at base, but scarcely excavate or dilated at angles. Caps, subcylindrical, curved, tapering at base, lid conical, pointed. Alpine grassy declivities. Summer. Scotland, Ben Lawers, Craig Challeach, &c. b. Dioicous. 546. H. callichroum, Brid. St. prostrate or ascend- ing, slender, without radicles. Br. pinnate. L. crowded, falcate-secund and subcircinnate, from a broadly ovate, concave base, narrowly lanceolate, much acuminate, entire, almost or quite nerveless, cells narrow, sub- flex uose, at basal angles lax, excavate, and yellowish. Caps, oblong, incurved, cernuous, on a red, flexuose seta, lid orange, very convex, acutely beaked. Damp stony mountainous places. July, August. North Wales, Scotland. 547. H. imponens, Hedw. Csespitose, subpinnate. L. imbricate, circinnate secund, filiform from a broad, ovate-oblong base, margin reflexed below, minutely serrate, obsoletely 2-nerved, alar cells large, pellucid, orange-coloured; br. 1. much narrower, and at apex of branches convolute and hamato-incurved; per. 1. nerveless, filiform, flexuose, apiculate. Caps, suberect, cylindrical, incurved, lid convexo-conical, acutely pointed, yellowish, annulus broad.224 SYNOPSIS OP BRITISH MOSSES. Woods and stony ground. Autumn. Reigate Heath (Mr. Mitten), 1864; Strensall Com- mon, York, &c. 548. H. cupressiforme, Dill. St. about 1 inch, pro- cumbent, more or less regularly pinnate. L. falcato- secund, pointing downwards, sharply acuminate, from an ovate-lanceolate, auriculate base, entire or slightly serrulate at apex, nerveless or faintly 2-nerved ; per. 1. erect, almost piliferous. Caps, subcylindrical, cernuous, curved, lid conical, cuspidate. Spring. Walls, rocks, trunks of trees, &c. Var./3. e ricetorum (compressum). St. slender, pin- nate, reddish, with compressed foliage. L. pale green, serrulate at apex, seta long, slender. Caps, short, elliptic, oblong. Amongst heath and bilberry, &c. Yar. 7. minus. Pinnate. Br. slender. L. narrow, falcate, serrulate, margin recurved. Caps, small, erect. Trunks of trees. Var. S. filiforme. Br. prostrate, filiform, slender. L. falcate, serrulate. Caps, short, lid with a shorter point. Rocks. Killarney, &e. Var. e. tectorum, Schp. (lacunosum, Wils.). More robust. Br. thickened. L. larger, subcoriaceous, vellowish-brown. Var. 6. elatum. Robust, loosely csespitose, erect. L. larger, broader, very concave, narrowly acuminate, brown or yellowish-green. Caps, erect, cylindrical, mouth incurved Sutton Park, Birmingham (J. E. Bagnall). 549. H. resupinatum, Wils. St. creeping, subpin- nate. L. erecto-patent, secund, pointing upwards, ovate-lauceolate, tapering to a point, entire, nerveless,HYPNUH. 225 basal cells broad, excavate, orange. Caps, oblong, erect or cernuous, almost symmetrical, lid with an oblique beak. Walls, rocks, trees, &c. October, December. 550. H. Patientiae, Lindb. (Lindbergii, Mitt., Journ. of Bot., i. p. 123. II. pratense, Bry. Brit., 399, but non Koch.). St. sparingly branched in an irregular manner, without any appearance of becoming pinnate. L. loosely compressed, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, but with a broad point, concave, margins entire, nerve- less, cells at angles enlarged and pale. Caps., accord- ing to Lindberg, is on a rather thick seta, 1 inch long, turgid, ovate, when dry arcuate, sulcate. “ Damp sandy ground among thin grass, not in bogs. The fruit has been gathered once by Dr. Klin- graff in June, in W. Prussia.” (N.B.—The true H. pratense is not found in Britain, and H. arcuatum, Sulk, is only found in the Sandwich and other islands in the Pacific Ocean.) c. Fruit not known. 551. H. Bambergeri, Schp. Tufts rather small, dense, yellowish-green above, passing to yellow-fuscous at base. St. without radicles or villi, subpinnate. Br. few, fastigiate. L. densely crowded, secund, strongly circinnate, ovate-lanceolate, elongate, entire, with a long point, faintly nerved, single or unequally bifurcate, alar cells few, rather obscure, yellow, upper linear, elongate. Near summit of Ben Lawers, July, 1867 (Dr. Fraser). .Sub-genus 8. Ctenidium. Prostrate or ascending, rooting, regularly pinnate. Q226 SYNOPSIS OP BRITISH MOSSES. L. hamate, circinnato-secund. Caps, cernuous, short, solid, lid convexo-conical. 552. H. molluseuin, Hedw. St. soft, 1—2 inches, suberect. L. circinnate secund ; st. 1. cordate; br. 1. ovate-lanceolate—all tapering, acuminate, striate, ser- rulate, nerveless or faintly 2-nerved, crisped when dry. Paraphyllia ovate lanceolate. Caps, ovate, horizontal, lid conical, large, sharply pointed. Summer. Moist banks and limestone rocks. Common. Yar. fastigiatum, Boswell MS. Branches erect. This is the plant gathered in Derbyshire as 3. cana- riense. Sub-genus 9. Gtenium. St. erect, rigid, villose, regularly pinnate. Para- phyllia numerous. L. hamate. Caps, oblong, incurved, solid. 553. H. Crista-eastrensis, L. St. suberect, 3—4 in., pectinate; st. 1. ovate-acuminate; br. 1. narrowly lanceolate-acuminate, serrulate near apex—all circin- nato-secund or tortuoso-falcate, deeply sulcate, faintly 2-nerved, margin reflexed. Caps, oblong, curved, cer- nuous, lid conical, pointed. Dioicous. July, August. Woods (chiefly pine) alpine and subalpine. Sub-genus 10. Limnobium. St. soft, csespitose, prostrate, irregularly branched. L. falcato-secund, rarely spreading, faintly nerved, areolae linear; per. 1. long, deeply sulcate. Caps, in- curved, cernuous, lid convexo-conical or mamillate. a. Monoicous. 554. H. palustre, Linn. St. creeping. Br. ascending,HYPNUM. 227 crowded, curved, cuspidate and convolute at apex. L. generally secund, sometimes almost falcate,ovate lanceo- late, entire, strongly concave, pointed, either nerveless, shortly 2-nerved or singly nerved half way; per. 1. erect, distinctly striate. Caps, ovate or oblong, cylin- dric, slightly curved, cernuous, lid conical, pointed. Stones and rocks in streams. May. Var. /3. L. imbricate, not secund. Yar. 7. suBSPHtERiCARPON, L. strongly nerved nearly to apex. Caps, roundish ovate, tumid. 555. H. molle, Bides. (H. alpestre (?), Bry. Eur., non Swartz). Very weak and flaccid, the tufts falling to pieces on removal from the water. L. varying from ovate to rotundo-ovate, flat, or sometimes very slightly reflexed towards apex, gradually tapering upwards, or very rarely suddenly apiculate, texture somewhat loose, areolae larger and wider than in last, nerve rather long and thick, ill-defined, single or double. Caps, turgid, oval, incurved, cernuous, lid convex, mamillate. Great elevations. August. Ben-mac-Dhui, Ben Nevis. 556. H. dilatatum, Wils. (H. molle, Bry. Eur.). Plant of somewhat firm growth. L. rotundo-ovate, narrowly decurrent, at apex faintly serrate, rather concave, suddenly apiculate, texture very close, areolae long and very narrow, slightly dilated at angles, hexagono- rectangular, nerve double, short, slender, but well defined. Caps, ovate, cernuous, curved, lid conical. At a low elevation. North Wales, Yorkshire, Berkshire, Clova, Braemar. 557. H. arcticum, Sommsrfelt. St. 1—2 inches, creeping, eradiculose. Br. elongate, simple, obtuse. L. spreading, green above, purplish below, small,223 SYNOPSIS OF BRITISH MOSSES. broadly ovate or roundish, somewhat obtuse, entire, plano-concave and snbcochleariform, strongly 2-nerved about half way, sometimes nerves blended into one, cells narrowish, scarcely dilated at base. Caps, ovate, cernuous, tapering into the seta, lid mamillate. Alpine rivulets. June. 558. H. engyrium, Schp. St. short, much branched. L. crowded; st. 1. drooping on two sides, broadly oblong-lanceolate, shortly acuminate; br. 1. flexuoso- falcate, plano-concave, elongate-lanceolate, narrower, serrulate at apex, nerve thin, unequally bifid, areolae vermicular ; excavate, large, fulvous and rectangular at the decurrent angles; per. 1. external spreading, in- ternal erect, longly lanceolate, with erose apices. Caps, ovate-oblong, cernuous, turgid, lid mammillate. Annu- lus broadly bi-triseriate. Stones in waterfalls. Summer. North Wales, Devonshire, Killarney. Tar. /3. Mackayi, Schp. Denser and more robust. L. subsecund or erecto-patent, broadly oblong, less acuminate; per. 1. shorter, int. patent, less sulcate. Annulus narrower. Killarney, Kendal, Fife, Bangor, Dent (Yorkshire), Devonshire (auct. Schp.). b. Dioicous. 559. H. ochraceum, Turn. St. 2—4 inches, tufted, filiform, suberect, sparingly branched, ochraceous below, eradiculose. L. yellowish-green, subsecund, sometimes falcate, distant, ovate-lanceolate, pointed, concave, sulcate, nerve forked, extending half way, entire or faintly serrate at apex, cells narrowly dexuose, at angles lax, rectangular, hyaline; per. L squarrose,HYPNOM. 229 recurved. Caps, oblong, tapering at base, cernuons, lid conical. May, June. Stones in alpine and subalpine streams, &c. Yar. /3. flaccidum, Milde. Yorkshire. Sub-genus 11. Chrysobryum. Prostrate, slender, flaccid, forming flat, golden-glossy patches. L. roundish or elliptical, concave, nerveless or faintly 2-nerved, cells largish, linear, fusiform, sometimes enlarged hyaline at angles. 560. H. micans, Wils. St. prostrate, very slender, filiform, branched. L. small, subsecund, almost orbi- cular, concave, apiculate, serrulate, sometimes faintly 2-nerved at base ; br. 1. smaller. Fruit not known. Shady rocks. South of Ireland, Borrowdale. Sub-genus 12. Calliergon. Erect or procumbent, stem simple or more or less pinnate, generally eradiculose. L. patent, rarely sub- complanate or subsecund, cordate-ovate and ova.te- oblong, thinly single-nerved or shortly 2-nerved, shining, areolae linear. Caps, oblong, incurved, cer- nuous, lid mamillate or convexo-conical. a. Stem more or less regularly pinnate. Leaves patent or loosely imbricate. Monoicous. 561. H. cordifolium, Hedw. Bright green above, reddish-brown below. St. 3—6 in., erect, subpinnate. Br. short, slender. L. spreading, almost squarrose, convolute and cuspidate at tip of branches, distant, cordate-ovate, obtuse or slightly apiculate, concave,230 SYNOPSIS OF BRITISH MOSSES. entire, strongly nerved almost to apex, cells narrow above, at middle lax rhomboid, hexagono-rectangular at base and angles. Caps, oblong, cylindric, incurved, horizontal, lid mamillate. Marshes and ditches. April, May. Dioicous. 562. H. giganteum, Schp. St. erect, thick, often 1 foot long, densely pinnate; st. 1. patent, broadly cordate-ovate, strongly nerved to often cucullate apex, cells linear, excavate, quadrate, and hyaline or rufous- brown at basal angles ; br. 1. lingulate, narrow, terminal ones twisted and subulate; per. 1. oblong-lanceolate. Caps, oblong-cylindrical, subincurved, horizontal, on. a long seta. Annulus none, lid mamillate. Marshes. Summer. Hale Moss and Wybunbury Bog, &c. 563. H. sarmentosum, Wahl. St. 1 inch or more, procumbent, subpinnate, without radicles. Br. short, cuspidate, young foliage green, the rest red or purplish. L. much crowded, suberect, elliptic-oblong, scarcely pointed, concave, entire, nerved almost to apex, which is subcucullate, areolae large, quadrate and pellucid at basal angles. Caps, ovate-oblong, cernuous or hori- zontal, lid mamillate. Wet alpine rocks. Summer. Var. /3. subflavum, Ferg. Scotland. 564. H. cuspidatum, Linn. St. 2—6 inches, erect, pinnate, terminal foliage cuspidate. L. spreading, almost squarrose, when young erect, appressed, and convolute, broadly ovate-oblong, obtuse, concave, en- tire, nerveless or shortly 2-nerved, margins more or less incurved at apex, cells enlarged and pellucid atHYPNUM. 231 decurrenfc basal angles. Caps, oblong, much curved, tapering below, lid conical, acute. Marshes. May, June. Yar. /3. pungens. St. and br. fragile. Br. circinnate. L. nerveless; st. 1. imbricate, less decurrent; br. 1. all strongly convolute (so that the branches are terete, subuliform), colour pale olive. Yorkshire, Scotland. 565. H. Schreberi, Willd. St. 4—6 inches, erect, pinnate, deep red, with slender, curved branches, somewhat cuspidate at summit. L. convolute, after- wards erecto-patent, elliptical or ovate-oblong, concave, obtuse or slightly acuminate, subsulcate, margin re- curved at base, incurved above, shortly 2-nerved, cells at basal angles enlarged, quadrate, orange. Caps, ovate-oblong, curved, cernuous, lid conical, pointed. Woods and shady banks. Autumn. 566. H. purnm, Linn. St. 4—6 inches, not coloured, erect, pinnate. Br. slightly curved, not cuspidate at apex. L. turgid, imbricate, broadly elliptical, concave, with recurved points, almost boat-shaped, entire, nerved half way, minutely serrulate; br. 1. smaller. Caps, ovate, suddenly horizontal, lid conical. Shady banks. Spring. b. Stem almost simple or sparingly branched. Leaves closely imbricate when dry. Dioicous. 567. H. stramineum, Dicks. St. 2—4 inches, erect, filiform, with few erect branches. L. erecto-patent, elliptic-oblong, obtuse, entire, concave, thinly nerved nearly to apex, cells enlarged, quadrate, and pellucid232 SYNOPSIS OF BRITISH MOSSES. at basal angles. Caps, small, ovate, curved, cernuous, lid short, conical. April, May. Marshes amongst Sphagnum. Rare in fruit. 568. H. trifarium, W. and M. St. 2—3.inches, erect or trailing, sparingly branched. L. very closely im- bricate, fragile when dry, generally but not always trifarious, roundish obtuse, slightly decurrent, concave, inflated, entire, nerved almost to apex or shortly 2-nerved. Caps, oval-oblong, curved, cernuous, lid conical. Alpine bogs and turfy rills. June (?). Sub-genus 13. Scorpidium. Fastigiate, sparingly branched. Leaves imbricate, secund, ventricose, faintly nerved, areolae narrow. Dioicous. 569. H, scorpioides, Linn. St. 3—i inches, erect or procumbent, irregularly pinnate. Branches short. L. crowded, imbricate, falcato-secund, large, roundish- ovate, ventricose, apiculate, entire, nerveless or faintly and shortly 2-nerved, purplish-brown or lurid. Caps, short, oblong, curved, tumid, cernuous, on a long seta, lid conical, pointed. Bogs. May. 129. HYLOCOMITJM, Sch. a. Regularly bi-tripinnate. Leaves loosely imbricate, lid rostrate. 570. H. splendens, Hedw. St. 2—6 inches, erect or procumbent, interruptedly bi-tripinnate, villous, red- dish ; foliage reddish or fulvous-green; st. 1. roundish- elliptical, with long, wavy points; br. 1. with a short point or muticous—all imbricate, concave, serrate,HYLOCOMIUM. 233 shortly 2-nerved, margin recurved below. Caps, ovate, curved, cernuous, lid convex, tapering into a long beak. Dioicous. Grassy banks, woods, &c. April. b. Irregularly pinnate. Leaves patent, lid mamillate or shortly beaked. 571. H. umbratum, Ehrh. St. arched, suberect, with branched villi, irregularly bipinnate. L. yellowish- green, glossy, decurrent, obcordate-acuminate, serrate, plicato-striate, nerve unequally bifurcate ; br. 1. smaller, ovate, and less acuminate. Caps, short, roundish, obovate, curved, cernuous, lid conical, acute. Dioicous. Alpine woods on stones. November. 572. H. Oakesii, Sulliv. St. arched, irregularly and distantly pinnate, with branched villi. L. larger, elliptical, concave, not cordate, plicato-striate, sharply acuminate, from middle upwards serrate or coarsely denticulate, singly nerved half way or shortly 2-nerved, margin recurved; per. 1. squarrose. Caps, roundish ovate, turgid, cernuous, lid conical, shortly beaked. Dioicous. Alpine rocks. Autumn (?). 573. H. brevirostrum, Ehrh. St. 2—6 inches, arched, erect, with branched villi, irregularly bipinnate; st. 1. distant, almost squarrose, plicato-striate, cordate, and suddenly acuminate; br. 1. ovate-acuminate, not so suddenly acuminate, striate—all serrulate and 2-nerved half way. Caps, roundish ovate, cernuous, lid conical, tapering into a rather long, inclined beak. Dioicous. Mountainous woods. Spring. c. Leaves squarrose. 574. H. squarrosum, Linn. St. 2—3 inches, reddish,234 SYNOPSIS OP BRITISH MOSSES. slender, more or less erect, irregularly pinnate. Br. drooping; st. 1. squarrose, recurved, ovate, gradually tapering and very acute, faintly striate below; br. 1. narrower, less recurved and squarrose—all obsoletely serrulate and shortly 2-nerved. Caps, roundish ovate, drooping, lid conical, with a short, sharp point. Dioicous. Banks and woods. November. Var. calvescens, Wils. Br. more or less regularly pinnate. St. 1. slightly broader, subsulcate, distinctly serrate at apex. 575. H. triquetrum, Linn. St. 6 inches or more, rigid, reddish, erect, subpinnate. Br. long, straggling; st. 1. squarrose or subsecund, striate; br. 1. spreading, scarcely striate—all triangular acuminate, from a cor- date, amplexicaul base, serrulate and 2-nerved half way. Caps, roundish ovate, cernuous, lid conical, acute. Dioicous. Woods, &c. Spring. d. Leaves secund or falcato-secund. 576. H. loreum, Linn. St. 6—12 inches, slender, erect or procumbent, more or less pinnate. Br. droop- ing, straggling. L. squarrose, recurved, more or less secund at summit of stem and branches, ovate-lanceo- late, with a long acumen, not cordate or amplexicaul, plicato-striate below, shortly and faintly 2-nerved, sometimes nerveless. Caps, small, roundish ovate, lid conical, sharply pointed. Dioicous. Mountainous woods. November.GLOSSARY OP THE PRINCIPAL TERMS USED IN THIS VOLUME. Acuminate, taper-pointed. Acute, pointed, scarcely tapering. Alar (cells), at basal angles. Annulus, an elastic ring round mouth of capsule. Apicu-lus [-late), a very short point. Apophysis, an excrescence; a swelling at base of capsule. Arcuate, arched or curved. Areolae, the leaf cells. Arista, a short bristly point. Auricles (of leaf), short lobes on each side of base. Bifarious, two-ranked. Coespitose, tufted or matted together. Calyptra, the outermost covering, or veil, of the capsule. Capsule, the fruit, enclosing the spores. Carinate, keeled. Cernuous, nodding. Chlorophyll, the green matter filling the cells. Cilia, hair-like divisions of the inner peristome. Circinnate, curved nearly into a circle. Cirrhose, having a very narrow hair-like wavy point. Clathrate, trellised. Clavate, club-shaped. Cuclileariform, spoon-shaped. Columella, the central pillar of capsule round which the spores are grouped. Comal, the large topmost leaves of some stems. Cumplanate, flat.236 SYNOPSIS OF BRITISH MOSSES. Convoluta, rolled together. Cribrose, like a sieve. Crura (legs), referring to teeth of peristome. Cucullate (cucullus), hooded. Cuspidate, with a short bristly point. Cyathiform, cup-shaped. Decurrent (of leaf), running down the stem. Dendroid, tree-like. Dentate, toothed. Denticulate, with smaller teeth. Diaphanous, semi-transparent. Dichotomous, forked. Dimidiate, split up one side. Dioicous, barren and fertile flowers on different plants. Distichous, inserted in two opposite rows. Divaricate, widely spreading. Dorsal, at the back. Erose, as if bitten or gnawed out. Excurrent (of nerve), continued beyond the apex of leaf. Exserted, standing out from the leaves. Falcate, falchion-shaped, or much bent. Fasciculate (stems or branches), of unequal height. Fastigiate ditto reaching to same height. Filiform, thread-like. Fugacious, falling early. Gemmiform or Gemmaceous, like a bud. Geniculate, suddenly bent like the leg when kneeling. Gibbous, swelling out, protuberant. Granulate, roughly dotted on surface. Gregarious, growing together, but not matted. Hamate, Hamulose, bent like a hook. Hyaline, glassy. Hygrometrie (hygroscopic), moving when moistened. Imbricate, overlapping each other like tiles. Immersed (of capsule), when almost buried in the leaves. Inflexed, bent inwards. Julaceous, resembling a slender glossy worm. Lamina, the blade of the leaf. Lid, the cover to the mouth of capsule. d- ci/iiof 1 '- 222. Encalypta, 13, 112. Entosthodon, 19,145. Ephemerella, 11, 92. Ephemerum, 19, 143. Eucladium, 3, 61. Eurynchium, 40, 203. Fissidens, 7, 82. Fontinalis, 29, 181. Funaria, 19,145. Gastero-grimmia, 115. Glyphomitrium, 14, 128. Grimmia, 14, 114.240 SYNOPSIS OP BRITISH MOSSES. Guembelia, 120. Gymnostomum, 3, 60. Gyroweissia, 3, 61. Habrodon, 34,188. Harpidium, 216. Hedwigia, 30,182. Hedwigidium, 30,183. Heterocladium, 36, 191. Homalia, 32, 186. Homalothecium, 38, 196. Homomallium, 222. Hookeria, 34, 188. Hylocomium, 42,232. Hyooomium, 40, 202. Hymenostomum, 3, 59. Hyprmm, 42, 214 Isothecium, 38, 195. LeDtobryum, 23, 152. Leptodon, 31, 184. Lescursea, 38, 194. Leskea, 35, 189, 209. Leucobryum, 7, 81. Leucodon, 31, 184. Limnobium, 227. Meesia, 20, 147. Microbrynm, 11, 92. Mielichhoferia, 22, 152. Milium, 25, 170. Myrinia, 34, 188. Myurella, 35, 189. Myurium, 40, 201. Neckera, 32, 185. CEdipodium, 17,141. Oligotricbum, 27, 176. Oncophorus, 63, 64. Orthodontium, 22, 152. Orthothecium, 38, 195. Orthotrichum, 16, 133. Paludella, 20, 147. Phascum, 11, 92, 93. Philonotis, 22, 149. Physcomitrella, 19, 144. Physcomitrium, 19,144. Plagiothecium, 41, 209. Pleuridium, 9, 88. Pogonatum, 27, 177. Polytrichum, 28,179. Pottia, 12, 95. Pseudoleskea, 36, 191. Pterogonium, 31, 184. Pterygophyllnm, 34, 187. PterygyDandrium, 37, 194. Ptvchodium, 40, 197. Ptychomitrium, 15, 128. Pylaisia, 39, 196. Racomitrium, 14, 124. Rhabdoweissia, 4, 63. Rhodobryurriy 168. Rhynchostegium, 41, 206. Rhijtidium} 221. Schistidium, 114. Schistostega, 16,140. Scleropodium, 40, 202. Seligeria, 7, 85. Sphaerangium, 11, 92. Sphagnum, 2, 46 Splachnum, 18, 142. Stylostegium, 88. Systegium, 2, 58. Tayloria, 17, 141. Tetraphis, 24, 169. Tetraplodon, 18, 141. Tetrodontium, 24, 169. Thamnium, 32, 187. Thuidium, 36, 192. Timmia, 26, 174. Tortula, 105. Trematodon, 5, 65. Trichostomum, 12, 98, 109. Ulota, 16, 130. Webera, 23,153. Weis9ia. 4, 61. Zieria, 23, 156. Zygodon, 15, 129. GILBKBt AND BIVINGTOIT, LIMITBD, ST- JOHii’S BQL'AHKThe Books in this Catalogue have been reduced to net prices, and are sent Post-free on receipt of remittance. LIST OF WORKS ON NATURAL HISTORY, TOPOGRAPHY, ANTIQUITY, AND SCIENCE. CONTENTS. 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